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Hi ladies!! I have a problem and I just know someone here has the answer.
My 9 week old and I have been doing great after a very rough start. He has been exclusively breastfed for several weeks now, but today he acts like he doesn't want to nurse. When he starts getting fussy or it's been a few hours, I try to get him to nurse and sometimes he will but only for a few minutes but sometimes he just flat out refuses to latch on. He pushes away from me. He just started this afternoon, but I didn't want to wait too long before getting some help.
We've battled thrush for several weeks and it seems I have to continuously take probiotics to keep it away. Everytime I stop taking it, I start hurting a few days later...I don't know what's up with that, but besides my vitamins that is all I am taking as far as meds and I haven't changed my diet at all.
Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!


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Batman The Animated Series
Justice League
Yes i know i'm a geek
I watched "Following" the other day, Christopher Nolan's initial full-length (barely) foray into mind-bending. I always think too much into his films, but the closing shot of Cobb had me wondering whether connections with "Inception" go beyond the character's name.
Now all I have to do is watch "The Dark Knight Rises".
Last edited by tixe; 08-06-2012 at 12:12 PM.
Fantasy is hardly an escape from reality. It's a way of understanding it.
― Lloyd Alexander
Watch This Space.
Just an fyi they now have both Thor and Captain America.
Any Amazon Prime subscribers? They've added The West Wing, which imo is one of the greatest shows ever.
Sent from my Desire HD using Tapatalk 2
All of ESPN's 30 for 30 docs are available to stream.
"I know a lot about the law and various other lawyerings."
Situational Hitting is Stupid
Bill Burr's latest stand up special is streaming. Awesome.
"I know a lot about the law and various other lawyerings."
Situational Hitting is Stupid
Into The Abyss.
Amazing documentary by Werner Herzog about a pair of murderers, one on death row.
I could watch "The U" on a continuous loop.
Variatio delectat - Cicero
I watched an interesting episode of Nova called "Dogs Decoded." Highly recommended if you are a dog person.
numbersinthereds.blogspot.com Also blogging at Banished to the Pen.
The bottom line on the most popular superstar: Stone Cold Steve Austin documentary....even if youre not a wrestling fan its a fantastic documentary
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subset: commoncrawl


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We caught up with a few of the headliners of this week's Traverse City Winter Comedy Arts Festival and got their thoughts on comedy, coming to Traverse City and some of their future projects.
Activist and comedian Dick Gregory has been performing stand up comedy since the late '50s. He entered the national comedy scene in 1961 when Chicago's Playboy Club, as a direct request from publisher Hugh Hefner, booked him as a replacement for a white comedian. Now 80, the African American comedian and civil rights activist whose social satire changed the way white Americans perceived African American comedians is as feisty as ever. While in the '70s, Gregory abandoned full-time comedy to focus on his political interests, which widened from race relations to include such issues as violence, world hunger, capital punishment, drug abuse and poor health care. He has now returned to the stage making 100 plus appearances a year. He will be presented with the TC Winter Comedy Arts Legends Award on Saturday at 6 pm prior to his performance at the City Opera House.
Northern Express: Mr. Gregory you have been an outspoken critic of the injustices in our society for 60 years especially in the area of race. You have used your stand up career to at times make light of these, do you have any sense that race relations have improved at all in our country?
Dick Gregory: Yes and no, the physical has improved, but not the mental. What I mean by that is after listening to white folks for years, I assumed that all black folks looked alike. Well after President Obama was elected, I haven't had one white person come up to me and say, "Excuse me, Mr. President." So I guess we don't all look alike. But sure, it has improved, but that is like saying we have cured some of the cancer in your body but there is some still there that you can live with. Well, you still have cancer in your body. The same can be said when it comes to race relations. It is a mental thing now, it is in the mind. That is where racism exists, and now we are trying to rewrite history like some things didn't even exist.
NE: You mean like with the N-word being removed from literature and historical based films?
DG: Exactly what the hell is the N-word? I know you are trying to be respectful but if you ask a 12 year old kid, "Hey, some one called the president the N-word, they would say, "the N-word. That's the 14th letter in the alphabet."
Look, I didn't invent the word nigger, it is a part of our history and to suggest that we not use the word in the context it was used in recent films like Django Unchained and Lincoln would be to create a lie. I know when I wrote my bestselling autobiography back in the early '60s and titled it Nigger, bookstores had real issues. I remember my mother being upset with me for the title. I just told her, "don't worry, anytime you hear a white person say Nigger they are just promoting my book." I am just saying we can't pretend these things never existed or don't exist today.
NE: When you perform in Traverse City will your comedy routine focus on the societal ills of today?
DG: Sure, there will be a focus on what is going on today. It is actually easier for me to do my type of comedy today because when I started, there was just three TV networks and a handful of radio stations. Now there are 40,000 internet radio stations, cable TV and more. So there is no such thing as an uninformed person. There might be wrongly informed people but for the most part, with all that information people are probably over-informed.
I will address the thugs in the media and all the lies they are creating. Thank God we have people like Michael Moore who are willing to speak and write the truth. Michael Moore changed the way people looked at the news. He changed the belief system. He proved that you don't need to put on a $4,000 Neiman Marcus suit and wear a $400 pair of shoes to get people to believe you. What Michael Moore showed us is money is not power, education is not power. Information is power and if you are giving people bad information you eventually find you don't have power.
NE: So you feel that the media and the government are lying to us?
DG: Look I am 80 years old. I remember the time I use to lie and rewrite the truth to get a girlfriend. So If I would lie to get some booty what do you think these thugs will do to control the whole world?


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hi ! where are you from ?
I will dog you in madden
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On Friday I gave my very first class in C5 (Cogswell College Comic Creation Club) with the assistance of our club adviser Dave Perry. I talked about comic layout, going over some of the fundamentals. I've now been working on my own web comic "Unusual Tuesdays" for about a year. I've also worked on personal comics before, so I knew a little to start with; however I did a lot of reading before this lecture, really trying to learn about how different people go about laying out the comic. My 'little' class (of about 9 students, not so little when compared to many of my real classes) went really well, I talked about how to create a nice easy flow to a comic, how one can use panel layout to emphasize an important moment, and I really stressed that, most important of all, one had to keep the storyline clear and easy to understand. I brought in a whole bunch of comic books of many different genres for my 'students' to look at. There were adventure stories, horror, sci-fi, comedy, superheroes, but my main point with bringing them was to show the similarity with how the artists thought about layout, no matter the genre.
We went on a in-school 'field trip' where we walked to our wall covered in comics with a dragon painted over them to take a look at all of the different layouts up there. On that wall there are hundreds of pages, most with creative layouts and I talked a lot about what I was seeing up there and engaged my students by asking them what they saw and thought about. They all get an A for participation.
The lecture turned out very well and they all wanted to know when the next class will be, so I'm working up what it will be about. There were requests for writing and pacing of comics, also for strip comics (like the ones you read in the newspaper) but for that I'll actually have to dig up some new books as I don't know as much about how strip comics are made. Any which way I'm very excited that it went so well and I can't wait to teach the next one.
–Amelia Davis, President of Comic Creation Club


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Porn star is one of the few professions that comes with its own cultural shorthand: Whenever someone mentions the job, a very specific picture pops in our minds, just like when someone says "cowboy" or "gangster."
Monkey Business Images/Monkey
Or "Internet comedian."
Too bad these images in our head are often ridiculously off the mark. The stereotypical cowboy look was made up by movies, and most Internet comedians are actually rather less attractive than that (Soren Bowie notwithstanding). Likewise, that standard "Stripperella with daddy issues" image we as a society tend to mentally assign any and all porn stars is actually pretty damn far from the truth.
Here, let's take a closer look at people who are probably distracting you from work in another browser window:
4The Average Porn Star Looks Nothing Like You Think
Geribody/iStock/Getty Images
Quick, imagine a porn star. Don't pretend it's difficult, you have plenty of experience. Chances are, you're picturing a tan platinum blonde with low self-esteem, a solid minimum of 99 problems, and, most importantly, bulbous breasts that look like they're lovingly crafted by a special-effects team with a grudge against realistic proportions (which, in a way, they are). There may be a tramp stamp or a dolphin tattoo in there somewhere. It's the image everyone conjures when they picture a porn star. It's also totally inaccurate.
Sure, these Rob Liefeldian physiques are still present in the industry, but they're far from the all-encompassing porn presence they may or may not have been back in the days when we used to pretend Mr. Liefeld's work was anything but a desperate cry for help from a man possessed by balloon demons. Bleached silicone goddesses are actually an exception rather than a rule. Brunette performers outnumber blondes two to one, and the average breast size among porn stars hovers at around 34B, which is actually somewhat smaller than the American average, 36C. This means that the girls in those other 17 browser windows you have open statistically look less like this ...
Nine out of 10 ladies experience back pain merely seeing this picture.
... and a lot more like this:
Vittorio Zunino Celotto/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty
That's Sasha Grey, which you already knew unless you're reading this at work and have to pretend that you don't know
because holy shit your boss is standing behind you and you are looking at a picture of Sasha Grey.
We know all this thanks to a writer called Jon Millward, who noticed a distinct lack of porn star data in the world and spent the better part of a year mining International Adult Film Database (link exactly as NSFW as you suspect) for intel on professionals of on-camera boning. Millward published his findings in 2013, and while a lot of them were pretty much what you'd expect (most porn stars are Caucasian, anal is fairly common), there were plenty of unexpected gems, such as the hair color and cup size tidbits above. Millward has also created this composite image of the 10 most popular porn stars, and damn if it doesn't look exactly like your sister:
Jon Millward
Or your mom, provided tequila goggles are allowed.
OK, so porn stars are actually pretty normal and girl-next-door compared with the bleach devourettes with zeppelins strapped on their chest that are the historical staple of the industry. Still, surely the other part of the classic porn star image is correct? Surely, most -- if not all -- porn stars are basically a bundle of mental issues verging on complete breakdown, opting for a sex industry profession in a desperate attempt to show them all and/or keep their shit together?
3Porn Stars Are Not Insecure Bundles of Mental Issues
Jack Hollingsworth/Hemera/Getty
Surprise! they're not!
Don't get me wrong -- I'm not saying every porn star out there is a paragon of sanity. It's absolutely a profession with a potential to draw in people who are overcompensating for something, or have issues with substance abuse, or work in the field out of sheer desperation that is slowly eating them away. However, the exact same thing can be said about, say, the workers of your local Walmart or favorite fast food joint. Ain't no Bible-thumping aunts attempting to rip their throat out at family gatherings.
On average, it looks like porn stars are in fact mentally a lot stronger than the average person. Far from the subservient slabs of meat the public opinion likes to see them as, the self-esteem of triple-X thespians actually seems to be pretty damn OK. Interestingly, porn stars also tend to be more spiritual than your average person, which is presumably why they scream "Oh God!" all the time. I will not apologize for making that joke.
The heaping helpings of self-esteem porn stars seemingly possess are speculated to be due to a trait called sociosexuality, a form of social promiscuity that makes the person more willing to indulge in sexual relations outside their normal relationship. This trait, which you may recognize as the exact description of the profession of a porn star, is usually present in people who tend to be socially bold and assertive.
In other words, porn stars aren't willing to bone in front of the camera because they have shit for self-esteem; their self-esteem is generally just fine, because they're the kind of people who are willing to bone in front of the camera.
IvanMikhaylov/iStock/Getty Images
Turns out, having a killer body and a willingness to use it doesn't automatically plunge you into the pits of self-loathing.
What's more, it looks like the old "porn stars are damaged goods because of all the abuse they faced when they were kids" adage is largely bullshit too. On the whole, research indicates that porn stars are no more likely to have a history of being sexually abused than the average citizen is. Again, this doesn't apply to everyone -- the industry definitely has its share of heart-rending stories of abused people who bury their pain in booze and pills and designer goods and fast cars they may or may not drive off a cliff in a moment of desperation. Still, they're far from the only ones out there.
Tons of porn stars show all the signs of normality. They mess around on Twitter and photo-blog their life with every sign of enjoyment. They make art and dabble in politics. They read books, and play tons of video games, and go to Mensa meetings, and love, and hate, and exercise, and occasionally drink too much, and sometimes have their hearts broken, just like you and I (except for exercising and the Mensa thing, let's be honest here).
It's almost like they're actually people. Who knew?
LuckyBusiness/iStock/Getty Images
"Surprise! We have feelings, yo!"


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How well does the Nikon D5100 walk the line between beginner and mid-level enthusiasts? The What Digital Camera Nikon D5100 review finds out…
Nikon D5100 Review
Nikon D5100 review – Features
The Nikon D5100 has a number of modes and features that Nikon is keen to shout about: First of all it's got an LCD screen mounted on a bracket for 360 degree
positioning at more unusual angles – an ideal accomplice for videographers looking to use the 1080p Full HD movie mode to best effect.
Secondly is the new Effects mode that opens up seven specific options for immediate in-camera results: Night Vision; Color Sketch; Miniature; Selective Color; Silhouette; High Key and Low Key.
Their appeal is leaned more towards the mass market, where companies such as Olympus have seen some success, though the balance of such 'fun' options inside a rather well-specified piece of kit may cause some more serious photographers to question the camera's main focus.
See all full-size sample images of the Nikon D5100
Fear not, then, that the Nikon D5100 is rather like a head-on collision between the current D7000 and D3100 models. The same 16.2MP APS-C CMOS sensor as found in the D7000 makes its way into the D5100 body alongside the EXPEED 2 image processing engine for top-flight image quality. Metering is taken care of by the same 420-pixel RGB sensor as found in the D3100, where the same 11-point AF system and Li-ion battery are also imported to the D5100's spec.
But it's far from copy and paste: The Nikon D5100's left-side mounted vari-angle LCD screen is certainly a new approach from Nikon, while other features such as live view get a makeover for faster focusing than any other Nikon DSLR. The 1080p movie mode also sees the inclusion of 30/25/24fps adjustable frame rates.
Nikon D5100 review – Movie/Video Mode
With the updated and faster live view update in mind, the Nikon D5100's 1080p HD movie mode takes an immediate benefit. Focusing is improved, that's fair to say, though the common over- and under-focusing inherent in many DSLRs' capture hasn't been eradicated in full.
While many DSLRs offer fixed focus (i.e. no autofocus at all) or a basic AF-S (single autofocus) option, the D5100 does bolster its movie arsenal with the inclusion of an AF-F (Full Time Servo) focusing option.
This is close to a continuous autofocus mode in some respects and is useful for some situations – but it can't overcome slight mis-focusing when the camera moves from different focal planes or even from subject to subject.
Where the camera is held very steadily and moved between two stationary and prominent subjects the results can be very good indeed by smoothly and accurately sliding between focus points. The only way there could be a marked improvement in autofocus is for the contrast-detect focus type to see significant work – something Compact System Camera manufacturers are finding an essential to offer a fast, relevant competitive product.
The movie mode is reasonably comprehensive for a camera at this level thanks to the inclusion of a 3.5mm mic jack for external recording and selectable 30/25/24fps capture options – all of which are progressive capture, not the inferior interlaced form.
However there's no full manual control within the movie mode, as the camera automatically overrides any live shutter or aperture adjustment in the Manual setting. In other priority modes it is possible to use the AE-L (for focus and/or exposure lock) and exposure compensation buttons that both help to enhance control to some degree. It's even possible to utilise the Effects modes during recording, though the sheer reduction in the preview frame rate on the LCD screen can be rather painful to use to great effect.
View our video review of the Nikon D5100
Nikon D5100 review – Design
The fundamental difference between the D5100 and any other Nikon DSLR is that the vari-angle screen depends on a left-aligned bracket that renders it impossible for the usual four or five button array featured in other Nikon models to rest in its usual place. The result is more or less for the control buttons to be staggered towards the right hand side, but this does make for a busier layout that will seem less immediate to existing Nikon users – though nothing to worry about for those new to the system.
Unlike the D90, the D5100, as per its D5000 predecessor, has no top LCD panel for reviewing settings. Instead you'll need to toggle the rear LCD's display on using the 'Info' button and access the Quick Menu using the 'i' button. A better naming system could have been employed here to avoid two apparent 'Info' buttons in close proximity (though the design and naming is the same as in other Nikon models).
The Quick Menu itself is easy to navigate to change options and includes a short worded prompt to the top of the screen to detail what each mode is for.
When outside of this Quick Menu the d-pad adjusts the single-point AF position (if this mode is selected) to target any of the 11 AF-points. It's easy to use, but if the rear display isn't on and the d-pad is knocked then the AF-point can be accidentally adjusted as there's no lock or visual prompt.
Also lacking is a Depth of Field Preview button to the front of the camera, something competitor models such as the Canon EOS 600D feature.
Nikon D5100 review – Performance
The D5100 is great to use for a variety of tasks. We tested it with the 18-55mm kit, 24-120mm f/3.5-5.6 and 70-200mm f/2.8G ED VRII lenses and this was testament to how well the 11-point AF system coped for a variety of situations. Although not a professional body, pop a pro-spec lens on the front and the two team up very well indeed. The continuous autofocus is successful at residing on the single AF point setting for accurate subject focusing. There's not the same degree of predictive 3D tracking that's found higher up the range, but we were pleased as punch with the results throughout and the two most horizontally (landscape) set AF points add that extra degree of reach to the system for Wide AF usage too.
Flip into live view mode using the new Lv switch that surrounds the main mode dial and there's an immediate change: although focusing isn't nearly as quick as when using the viewfinder, it's a darn sight quicker than any other Nikon DSLR live view system we've ever used. The focusing box can also be positioned anywhere across the entirety of the screen using the d-pad to allocate the focusing position. It's not faster than Sony's Quick AF Live View system and doesn't outdo the likes of Panasonic's 'Light Speed' contrast-detection system as seen in the GH2 – but the D5100 does give a strong push forward here that's been much needed from Nikon.
The new Effects modes are a bit of a mixed bag. When previewing some of the modes in real time on the LCD screen, such as Color Sketch (that outlines subjects in a posterised, outlined, cartoon-like form – unlikely to be a common use for many serious photographers), the screen lag can become frustrating. While it's possible to use the viewfinder, there are options such as Selective Color whereby making those pin-point selections to isolate colour will require a live view preview. Miniature mode works well for fake tilt-shift effects and Night Vision (black and white at ISO 102,400) is a unique touch. But the fact an original Raw file cannot be shot in tandem with any of the modes and the overall lack of customisation renders these point-and-shoot options as less impressive then they could be. Certainly not the biggest draw for everyone, yet other companies such as Olympus and Panasonic have shown some success in this area that it seems Nikon wants a piece of.
More advanced modes such as the 4fps continuous shooting option are able to snap away at up to 10 frames when in Raw + JPEG mode (using a Panasonic Class 10 Gold Card). It's areas like this that the D5100 outshines the likes of the Canon EOS 600D with its smaller buffer and ever so slightly slower 3.7fps burst.
However, where the 600D excels is by offering a built-in wireless commander for controlling external flashguns – Nikon's D5100 can only do so with the inclusion of the SU-800 commander (sold separately for around £215 or more). Also consider the lack of a Depth of Field Preview button and there are some omissions from Nikon's offering that would have further strengthened its overall offering for the more demanding user.
Image Quality
Nikon D5100 review – Image Quality
Nikon D5100: Tone & Exposure
Although the D5100 shares the same 16.2MP CMOS sensor as the D7000, it adopts the 420-pixel RGB metering sensor as found in the D3100. We found the combination of these two to be a more successful pairing than the D7000's 2,016-pixel metering sensor – the latter overexposed in a number of scenarios. The D5100, on the other hand, produces more accurate exposures that are therefore tonally richer. However it wasn't perfect as some scenes with bright skylines would cause overexposure.
Nikon D5100: Colour & White Balance
Nikon DSLRs can tend to lean towards the warmer red/yellow cast, but not to an overstated degree. With the D5100 the Auto White Balance system was consistent between shots and different ISO settings, though fluorescent studio lights produced an ever so slight yellow cast (easily adjustable using the manual white balance or white balance bracketing settings).
Nikon D5100: ISO Sensitivity & Image Noise
The D5100's 16.2MP sensor is the very same as that in the D7000 and, as such, we found our studio lab shots to carry the same degree of image noise. In short: image quality is very impressive for this mid-level market.
Image noise lacks throughout much of the ISO range and there's a clarity to images from ISO 100-800 that causes very little quality issues. Shooting at ISO 800 in daylight in order to up the shutter to 1/2000thsec for crisp action shots posed no worry in the knowledge that results would be top drawer.
ISO 800 does begin to show some grain, but it's not particularly diminishing to overall quality. Even ISO 1600-3200 are of considerable use, though this is where colour noise and softness due to processing start to come into play. ISO 6400 is still more than useable, although at a push as colour noise reveals itself more in the shadow areas. The top-sensitivity 'Hi1′ and 'Hi2′ options (ISO 12,800 and 25,600 respectively) should be strictly used for emergencies only as softness through noise reduction can be problematic – but their presence is something that would have been unheard of in DSLR cameras a few years ago. The 'Hi2′ setting in particular loses the quality to blacks where colour noise is significant.
The Night Vision mode also utilises a black and white only ISO 102,400 shot that's rather impressive, with a granular quality adding a certain aesthetic.
Nikon D5100: Sharpness & Detail
The 16.2MP sensor avoids being overly populated and images remain detailed. The 18-55mm lens isn't going to set the world alight in terms of sharpness, but its good enough as a starting point, plus there are so many other Nikon F-mount options out there that can deliver exceptional results.
Resolved detail on our resolution charts was very impressive indeed, even utilising the basic kit lens. Only above ISO 800 is there some breakdown in detail due to image noise.
Value & Verdict
Nikon D5100 review – Value
With a £780 launch price, the D5100's basic kit lens option is pitched squarely at taking on the Canon EOS 600D. The two models are very similar in specification, with particular focus on each of the vari-angle screens and 1080p HD movie modes. However Nikon seems to be playing the more user-accessible and 'fun' hand due to its Effects modes. The 600D on the other hand does offer a wireless flash commander built into the body which may appeal to those more advanced users, plus the 1040k-dot LCD is the current highest resolution 3in LCD on the market. On the flip side though the Nikon D5100 does offer a wider 11-point AF system, faster live view and a larger-buffer-capacity 4fps burst rate for a similar price. Picking between the two will depend on exactly which feature is most vital to you – but there's no doubting the extremely competitive head-to-head pricing.
Nikon D5100 review – Verdict
The D5100 succeeds in delivering top image quality from an affordable mid-level body, married with ease of use and a series of improvements over other Nikon DSLR cameras. Nikon D7000-like quality for less cash and a more advanced live view focusing mode than seen before from the brand are big plus points, as is the high quality movie mode.
It's tricky to pick holes as to where the camera comes up short, but it's in what's missing that more advanced users may feel let down: no remote commander in the body holds the camera just shy of its full potential; no Depth of Field Preview button and an LCD screen that doesn't top the competition are all relatively minor quibbles depending on what's most important to your photography. The Effects modes certainly have a place, but they're not entirely unique and lack a fully-adjustable series of options that would set them apart from the competition.
As a D5000 upgrade the D5100 is on the money – just don't misplace it as a D90 replacement as that it isn't.
All in all the D5100 is well-priced, strongly-specified and decent performing bit of kit that delivers great quality pictures.


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Editor's Note: This is the second article in a series in which the authors propose patterns in the following five categories: Partitioning, Scope, Security, Navigation, and Data Volume Control. Part 1 contained descriptions of the first two categories. This week, the authors discuss Security, Navigation, and Data Volume Control.
Most non-trivial web and enterprise applications have security requirements, and these fall into the following areas:
The security subsystems of most applications will need to provide more than one of the above mechanisms, and frequently all of them. Web applications do not generally implement encryption and message integrity mechanisms themselves, because the HTTPS/SSL technology incorporated into browsers and web servers is sufficient to provide these.
Most of the time, developers spend time and effort building authentication and access control subsystems, even though these features are ostensibly part of the J2EE specification. The reason for this wheel reinvention is that the standard J2EE security mechanisms are often inadequate for the purposes of many applications.
Standard authentication schemes typically return Boolean values to signify permission/denial, whereas an application may require further information, such as whether this is a first-time user, or whether the user's password has expired and must be changed. Similarly, authorization tags in EJB deployment descriptors control access to components, but are not fine-grained enough to enforce, for example, monetary limits on transactions, an essential requirement of many financial applications.
Related Reading
J2EE Design Patterns
In other words, most attempts to reinvent the security wheel at the application level are aimed at going beyond the coarse-grained, black-or-white logic provided by the J2EE container.
To provide the fine-grained and nuanced security advice required by real-world applications, which J2EE does not offer.
Problem and Solution
Given the need for an arbitrarily fine-grained, multi-valued response to authentication, session validation and access control requests, we propose a special design pattern for such situations. In this pattern, any request to a subsystem providing such services will be accompanied by a single parameter -- an "Access Context." The Access Context object will, broadly speaking, hold information about the user, the function they are attempting to perform, and an optional Value Object representing the parameters to that function.
The subsystem that is called will then analyze these parameters and return a nuanced response that contains more information than just "yes" or "no."
This Nuanced Response wrapper object may contain a status code, an optional qualifier, and an optional set of descriptions. The status code could be an unqualified yes. It could also be one of several values representing an unqualified no, or it could be one of several values representing a qualified yes. If the response is a qualified yes, the associated qualifier object will contain more details, and the client is assumed to know how to interpret these. The accompanying descriptions may similarly represent the set of all status messages that led to this final status. Exact implementations may vary in detail, but the outline solution is for all such calls to have a similar signature, i.e., a single Access Context parameter and a returned value that is a Nuanced Response.
The positive consequence of the Access Context/Nuanced Response pattern is a standard and straightforward mechanism that can be used without great effort once set up. It is capable of delivering adequately fine-grained authentication, session validation and access control for most applications.
The negative consequence of this pattern is the increased initial complexity of the solution. This complexity can be mitigated by having experienced developers code the initial implementations of its use, so that less-experienced developers can use them as templates.
To encapsulate the logic required to answer complex security and state-management queries.
Problem and Solution
An Advisor is our term for the component that accepts an Access Context and returns a Nuanced Response. The Advisor pattern, as we mentioned before, may be used for authentication, session validation, access control, and other similar functions.
For example, a simple way to implement access control functionality would be to delegate it to a specialized Advisor component that determines if a proposed action is permissible or not. The pattern is called Advisor because it does not enforce rules; it merely indicates what should be done by returning an arbitrarily fine-grained Nuanced Response. It is up to the calling component to act on the advice given. Trivial or non-critical business functions may perform their logic without calling an access control Advisor, for example.
The major positive consequence of the Advisor design pattern stems from its encapsulation of all verification logic in a single component or subsystem, which makes it easier to maintain. User roles, for example, can be managed entirely within an access control Advisor without having to be exposed to any other part of the application. An Advisor also acts as a facade for any rules engine it may use, allowing the application to start with a set of simple rules and expand it into a more intelligent mechanism as time goes by.
The negative consequence of this design pattern is that the application's rules are only enforced if components call the Advisor and act upon its advice. If a developer neglects to code a call to an access control Advisor at the start of a business function, for example, then the function becomes freely accessible.
To enforce the application of security and state management rules.
Problem and Solution
The Interceptor pattern is meant to address the drawback of the Advisor pattern by taking away the discretion of calling components to check and enforce rules. It uses a reliable mechanism to always perform such checks before control is passed to such a component. It is not a substitute for the Advisor pattern, but merely an add-on to ensure that the advice of the Advisor is binding.
The new, red-hot technology known as Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is an extremely elegant way to implement the Interceptor pattern.
Obviously, the main positive consequence of the Interceptor design pattern is the increased assurance that rules will be complied with. It also takes away responsibility for rule enforcement from business components, making them simpler.
The negative consequences of the pattern may stem from the need to master new technologies that implement it well (such as AOP), although Interceptors can be coded using regular Java programming techniques, as well. Another consequence is that discretionary bypassing of access control checks (which may be justified in less critical cases, for performance reasons) may be harder to implement.
To pre-emptively block access to unauthorized business functions.
Problem and Solution
There is a design requirement often referred to as "pre-emptive access control." The idea is that if the user is not permitted to perform a certain action, the application should not provide them with the button or menu item to trigger it in the first place. They should only see what they can access.
The Need to Know design pattern is a kind of server-modified Client pattern, in which the server determines the functions that the user may perform and only generates the front-end components corresponding to those functions. (The process of determining which functions are allowed may, in turn, use Advisor and Access Context/Nuanced Response patterns.)
Sometimes, perhaps for marketing reasons, it may be required to display even functions that are not accessible, albeit in a disabled form. (This is a way of saying, "See what extra goodies you can access if you sign up for our Platinum membership?") The Need to Know pattern can support such a requirement as well, when used in conjunction with Advisor and Access Context/Nuanced Response.
The positive consequence of the Need to Know design pattern is a more natural and intuitive application. It locks the stable door before the security horse has bolted.
There is no real negative consequence to the pattern, unless the extra processing required to suppress unauthorized navigation capability is deemed wasteful!
To provide a convenient facade for a set of cooperating security components.
Problem and Solution
The Gatekeeper is a complex Security pattern, which is why we have saved it for last. It uses the Advisor, Access Context/Nuanced Response, and (optionally) Stateless Channel patterns to create a comprehensive security framework for an application. It is a specialized form of the GoF (the "Gang of Four": Gamma, Helms, Johnson, and Vlissides, authors of Design Patterns) Facade design pattern that is most useful for channel-independent business logic, such as that implemented by EJB.
The basic idea is that the entire logic of the application tier is hidden behind a Gatekeeper facade, which performs some coordination functions to simplify the design of other components.
The first contact of a client with the server occurs in the form of an authentication request to the Gatekeeper, which is the only externally visible component on the server. The authentication request contains a single Access Context parameter. The Gatekeeper consults an authentication Advisor, passing it the Access Context, and receives a Nuanced Response in return. The login is either allowed or rejected in an unqualified manner, or it is allowed in a qualified way (e.g., "First login -- change password", "Password expired -- force change", etc.).
If the response is an unqualified yes, the Gatekeeper then activates a State Management component and gets it to generate a session token, which it then passes back to the client as part of the Nuanced Response. Otherwise, it merely returns the original Nuanced Response. Whenever it is called, the State Management component records the session and its expiry time.
(Note that the session token can be managed using the Stateless Channel pattern from this point on.)
Subsequent accesses from the client are to the Gatekeeper as before, but they now consist of requests to business functions. All of the associated Access Context objects must now contain the session token, in addition to the Value Object that holds the parameters to the business function. The Gatekeeper consults a session validation Advisor using this Access Context, and the Advisor returns a Nuanced Response specifying whether the session is valid, invalid, or expired. The session validation Advisor is just an interface implemented by the State Management component. If the session is valid, the State Management component resets the expiry time of the session to keep it alive.
If the session is valid, the Gatekeeper presses ahead with the business function; otherwise, it returns the Nuanced Response forthwith to the client.
It is possible to implement an Interceptor pattern at this stage by having the Gatekeeper consult an access control Advisor before deciding whether to call the business function. If the Advisor says no, the Gatekeeper returns the Nuanced Response to the client and doesn't call the business function at all.
Another option would be to call the business function straightaway and let it decide whether to make the call to the Advisor or not.
Either way, the Gatekeeper acts as the go-between for the client and the business function, and the access control Advisor is called some time before the business logic is executed.
Note that the business functions can themselves implement the Advisor pattern, in that they can advise the Gatekeeper (through a Nuanced Response) on whether they succeeded or not, and if not, what kind of error or warning condition they encountered. The Gatekeeper will then return the Nuanced Response object returned by the business function. This is, in fact, the most natural way to code the application's business functions, once the Advisor/Access Context/Nuanced Response framework is in place.
In the J2EE context, the Gatekeeper and all Advisors are best implemented as Stateless Session Beans. The Gatekeeper is the only EJB that will have a remote interface. Other EJBs (security-related as well as business-related) will only have local interfaces. This ensures that external clients can only see the Gatekeeper. They can never directly access any other component. The security tags in the deployment descriptor can be used to enforce the rule that all access to other components can only occur through the Gatekeeper. The additional checks performed by the Gatekeeper will provide further security around the application's business functions. This combination of container-level and application-level security can be very effective.
We can see that interposing a Gatekeeper facade between clients (or channels) and application logic makes the design much more modular by clearly delineating responsibility for various security and business functions, and imposing a standard and consistent calling convention. It is highly secure, and caters to all of the major security concerns outlined at the beginning of this section (assuming that SSL is used to ensure privacy and data integrity). This is the major positive consequence of the Gatekeeper pattern.
The major negative consequence is that the relative complexity of this set of cooperating components makes it overkill for simpler applications. But if an open source implementation is readily available (we hope to provide one), it should be relatively simple to incorporate it into any application and enjoy its substantial benefits.
Navigation refers to the way in which the user moves through the screens of a web application.
To provide an explicitly recognizable navigation mechanism for novice users.
Problem and Solution
A Tour Guide is our name for any set of components whose existence is explicitly for the purposes of helping a user navigate an application. Menus are the best example; tree-structured outliners are another. Hyperlinks can be Tour Guides, too, if they stand "outside" of the data (i.e., a hyperlink that says Click here).
The Tour Guide pattern is useful when navigation components must be explicitly identified as such. It is recommended for applications with a large number of casual users, who may not be familiar with the logic of the application.
The positive consequence of the Tour Guide design pattern is that the application is readily understandable, even to casual users.
The negative consequence of the pattern is its "kludginess." Any navigation scheme that does not weave itself into the natural fabric of the application by linking data items naturally to one another is, in a sense, redundant and ugly. The justification for this criticism will become clear when we discuss the Iceberg pattern.
To present application data in a naturally linked fashion for intuitive traversal.
Problem and Solution
Consider a hypothetical Internet home banking application.
The user logs in, and sees a list of their accounts with the latest available balances. Each of the account names is a hyperlink, and clicking on any one displays a screen with the details of that account, including, say, the overdraft limits applicable. The current and available balances are displayed in a totals row, but the rows above it are shown collapsed into a "transactions" row in a way that invites the user to click to expand it. When clicked, the screen refreshes to display the last twenty transactions that resulted in the previously shown current and available balances. This is the transaction history. Clicking on any transaction record brings up more details about that transaction, and so on.
Navigating backwards is just as natural. Every screen displays the customer's name and (if applicable) the account name. Clicking on the customer's name takes the user back to the home page that lists all of the customer's accounts. Clicking on the account name takes the user back to the account details page.
What is important to note is that there is no explicit navigation component in this application -- no menus, no special links. Moving through the various screens of the application is naturally tied to the data items displayed, because that is how a user would logically traverse this data.
Our name for this pattern is Iceberg, because each piece of data displayed as a link hints at the greater detail that lies underneath.
The major positive consequences of the Iceberg design pattern are elegance and economy. An application designed with this pattern shows a deep understanding of the way its users actually work with data. It shows that rather than "cop out" with a cookie-cutter design that classifies all its functions under menu items and displays a weak home page, the designers have taken the pains to identify the central focus of the user and display that data in their home page. The paths to all secondary data items flow from the data items on this page.
The pattern's very sophistication can lead to some negative consequences. Novice users may find themselves asking, "Where's the menu? Why doesn't this screen tell me what I can do?" Clearly, the Iceberg pattern is more suitable for tightly integrated applications with trained users. The natural and intuitive flow provided by the pattern will deliver productivity payoffs in such situations.
Most often, consciously or otherwise, designers provide both Tour Guide and Iceberg elements for navigation. This redundancy seems to be beneficial, as it supports novice users as well as more sophisticated ones. Applications employing metaphors may also end up using both Tour Guide and Iceberg elements.
To coordinate and guide user actions so as to maximize system efficiency.
Problem and Solution
An unseen factor in user interface design is management policy. Should the user be in control, or should the system tell the user what to do? This dichotomy often appears in systems with both clerical and executive users. Executive users like to be in control. They like to be able to direct the system and break away at will from set ways of looking at data. Interestingly, executive users also provide the requirements specifications that say how clerical users must interact with the system. The leeway given to clerical users is normally much lesser than that enjoyed by executives.
In such cases, the system displays the data that the users are deemed to need at the time, and nudges them in the direction of the actions they must perform. Little user discretion is possible in such applications.
Consider a hypothetical system where clerical users have two main functions: data entry and reconciliation. Reconciliation consists of matching different data records that were previously entered. Both data entry and reconciliation need to proceed at a more or less equal pace to achieve optimal transaction throughput, although reconciliation requires a certain number of records to be entered first.
On first logging in, users are shown data entry screens, which keep redisplaying blank forms as earlier data is saved. At a certain point, the system determines that a sufficient backlog of data has built up to enable reconciliation to begin. Some users may now find their screens refreshing to display reconciliation functions. They therefore find themselves being nudged in that direction, with the system maintaining the balance of the two functions to maximize throughput. The users have little discretion in their navigation of screens.
This is an example of the Taskmaster pattern, and is applicable whenever user actions have to be guided in a desired direction, rather like sheep being shepherded into paddocks by sheepdogs. It is particularly relevant when the system as a whole is the only entity that has the overall profile of the users and current data, and is the only one capable of determining the most appropriate tasks to be performed next, i.e., for applications requiring load-balancing across users.
The lack of user choice need not be total, merely constrained. For example, users could be shown a set of records and required to choose any one from the displayed list.
The main positive consequence of the Taskmaster pattern is increased efficiency -- factory-floor, assembly-line efficiency.
There are no real negative consequences to the pattern, if used judiciously. Clerical users with transaction targets are often grateful to be relieved of choice. As long as the decisions are being made for them, their job is made easier.
Inadvertent queries that retrieve huge amounts of data are a potential problem, and not just because they may display pages a mile long. Runaway database queries can bog down the server, choke the network, or both. Some mechanism needs to be put in place to ensure that only sane amounts of data get sent back to the client for display.
The following are some of the patterns that can be used to implement data volume control.
To reduce the impact of large queries on the overall system.
Problem and Solution
Any user of a web-based email program understands this pattern. The user is shown a list of, say, the 20 most recent messages in their inbox, with links provided to scroll back to earlier messages. On following this link, a similar page with the previous 20 messages is shown, and the user now has the option to scroll further back or scroll forward to the original set.
This is a pattern that affects not only the user interface, but also the entire data retrieval logic. The server is "throttled" to force the retrieval of only a subset of the total number of data records to be displayed. The subsets are usually distinguished by the identifiers of their first and last records, or some suitable surrogate, and these identifiers are used to control which records to retrieve next.
Borrowing a term from networking theory, we call this the Sliding Window pattern.
The positive consequence of the Sliding Window pattern is that the application gains a readily understood mechanism to control data retrieval.
The negative consequence of the pattern is its complexity, as compared to a straightforward retrieval of all records. It is therefore probably unnecessary when the likely number of records to be retrieved is manageable.
10. Summary
To reduce the impact of large queries on the overall system while providing simpler information to guide user actions.
Problem and Solution
The previous pattern (Sliding Window) breaks up a record set into chunks at the same level of detail. But it is possible to reduce data volume by summarization as well.
For example, consider a Taskmaster screen that displays new, modified, and deleted records for action by a user. The user has to choose a record from one of these three sets and proceed with an appropriate action. In making this decision, the user should be guided by the number of records marked "urgent," as well as by the total number of records in each set. Clearly, it is unnecessary to display the complete listing of all three sets in such a case.
What the user needs on this screen is a set of summary rows that look something like the following:
New records: 1 urgent, 10 total
Modified records: 0 urgent, 20 total
Deleted records: 0 urgent, 5 total
The user has sufficient information from the summary to make a decision. He or she will probably deal with the urgent new record first, and then tackle the modified records, because they are the biggest set.
Note the hyperlinks on the summary rows. The display uses the Iceberg pattern to lead the user to greater detail.
If the number of records in a given set is extremely large, it may be necessary to employ the Sliding Window pattern to display it when the user uncovers the Iceberg.
The positive consequence of the Summary pattern is a well-understood, simplified interface. It is similar to the Need to Know pattern, except that its purpose is not security but data volume control. Summary information also has advantages in terms of human comprehension, quite apart from data volume control, so the use of this pattern should take into account all of those factors.
There are no real negative consequences to the pattern. There is some processing involved in calculating summary information. If this effort outweighs the savings gained by not displaying the detailed data directly, then it is probably unnecessary.
To avoid the need for unnecessary data retrieval.
Problem and Solution
For certain kinds of user queries, where the required final response is known to be a limited set of data records, it may be worthwhile to force the user to refine their query, rather than waste effort in displaying large numbers of unnecessary data records. A simple message such as "Your query retrieved an abnormally large number of records. Please refine your query and try again" may be sufficient.
Though the Search Refinement pattern is relatively trivial, an explicit identification of this "user tuning" strategy may be in order because it is a somewhat unconventional solution.
The main positive consequences of the Search Refinement pattern are the simplicity and elegance of the solution at the user-interface level.
The main negative consequence is the added complexity required to judge whether
a query is likely to retrieve a large number of rows. In SQL terms, a
select count()
may need to be performed before every
select in order to implement this pattern.
We have presented here a number of techniques that we have found ourselves using more than once in our profession as J2EE architects and developers.
Many of these are simple and obvious, but we hope that the set has value for developers in our field. We know from experience that they work well in the appropriate contexts.
We definitely see scope for more Web and Enterprise Architecture Design Patterns, as well as more categories (such as Page Layout patterns, for example). We would love to hear from other practitioners about patterns that worked for them.
We also hope that with the popularization of the patterns we have described here, web and enterprise architects will be able to discuss designs much more succinctly:
"... I suggest we make the Operations Clerk's home page a Taskmaster, with each displayed task being an Iceberg. The Operations Supervisor will get essentially the same page, with more options provided using Need to Know. I don't think there's any need for a Tour Guide, because it's a tight application with only trained internal users ..."
If our paper helps designers communicate sophisticated concepts with a compact vocabulary, reuse tried-and-tested techniques, and get to spend less time at work and more with their families, then the warm glow of satisfied pleasure will be all ours.
Ganesh Prasad is an architect with Westpac Banking Corporation, Australia's third-largest bank.
Rajat Taneja is a contractor with Sun Microsystems, Australia.
Vikrant Todankar is a senior consultant with EDS Australia, on assignment to the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Australia's second-largest bank.
Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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'The Vampire Diaries' 4x07 Recap: My Brother's Keeper
Fans that had been waiting years/seasons for Damon and Elena to hook up, were probably pretty damn happy by the turn of events in the last episode of The Vampire Diaries. (I know one friend for sure.)
But at the same time, the dance, the kiss and the sex… was it even Elena's choice? Apparently not, as Caroline and Stefan are speculating that just as Tyler was sired to Klaus, Elena may now be sired to Damon.
While that twist comes out of nowhere, it makes a lot of sense and explains Elena's actions this season.
At the same time, it does seem to put aside the feelings human Elena was starting to feel for Damon last season. Of course, it could all just be an excuse for Stefan. He may want Elena to be sire bonded to Damon, because if she truly fell for him, it would be emotionally devastating for him.
"My Brother's Keeper" was a packed episode that also saw just how far Stefan would go to turn Elena back into a human. He actually creates a vampire – albeit, one from an unrepentant murderer – so Jeremy will have one to kill in order to continue growing the tattoo that will lead to that cure.
That kill seems to have awakened some bloodlust for killing vampires in Jeremy that almost led to him killing his own sister, Elena. While she manages to survive it, it will be interesting to see if Jeremy won't be able to stop himself with some other vampire friend in the ground.
Like Caroline. Who allows Stefan to move in with her. With Tyler pretending not to be with her anymore, will a "more than friends" vibe spark between Stefan and Caroline? It's a pairing that would have been unthinkable in the first season, but now seems awfully plausible.
(Matt also moves in with Jeremy. And Elena moves into the Salvatore house.)
After a very lackluster episode before Thanksgiving, the latest episode of The Vampire Diaries pays off a number of simmering plotlines, while also laying the groundwork for how the next couple episodes—if not the season—will appear to play out.
(Even if pageant winner April still really seems to serve no purpose.)


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Reiki [5] is easily learned and practiced as self-care by anyone who is interested, regardless of the person's age or state of health. Children can learn to practice, as can the elderly and the infirm. No special background or credentials are needed to receive training. One of the hallmarks of Reiki practice is its simplicity: it can be learned in about ten hours of in-person training, generally offered in group class formats, and doesn't require knowledge of either subtle bioenergy or healthcare.
Although it is a wonderful experience to receive Reiki from someone else, a friend or a professional, there are many reasons to consider learning to practice Reiki on yourself. The convenience of self-care [6] is valued not only by people with health challenges, but also by others with busy schedules who are seeking more balance in their lives.
Daily Reiki self-care provides an opportunity to restore balance, reduce stress [7], and reconnect with an experience of wellness.
Additionally, moments of Reiki practice throughout the day can bring centering and relief from pain, anxiety [8], and stress [7] as often as needed. People suffering from anxiety [8] or pain who learn Reiki self-care [6] have the additional empowerment of knowing they are never again alone and helpless with their suffering.
Learning Reiki self-care can benefit people who are healthy and those with chronic health conditions, whether it's diabetes [9], asthma, cancer [2], epilepsy, fatigue syndromes, depression [8], or heart disease [3], to name just a few. They can practice Reiki on themselves every day to reduce stress [7] and strengthen wellbeing and repeat the Reiki practice as often as they feel the need.
There is also some anecdotal evidence that Reiki has potential for benefiting animals in many of the same ways experienced by humans. Those offering Reiki to their pets are often pleasantly surprised at their pet's interest and cooperation!
When there are financial limitations, the advantages of a one-time investment in learning to practice Reiki self-care over paying for repeated sessions are obvious. When there is illness in a family and it is no longer feasible for the patient to self-treat, one or more family members can learn First degree (hands-on) Reiki and treat the patient (and other family members) as well as themselves.
You can only learn Reiki from a qualified Reiki master. One way to find a Reiki master is to ask friends that practice Reiki with whom they studied. You can also ask local practitioners of other complementary therapies, such as massage [10] or shiatsu [11], because these practitioners often know other complementary therapy providers. Or you can check bulletin boards in yoga [12] studios and health food stores or inquire if your local hospital has a complementary or integrative medicine service. Since Reiki is used by many people to cope with chronic illness, any local organization that offers services to people with illnesses such as cancer [2], HIV, fibromyalgia, or diabetes [9] may have a list of community resources.
It is important to note that Reiki is not a standardized practice and so there is no guarantee that anyone using the title "Reiki master" has the training and experience you seek in a teacher/mentor. For this reason, it's important to inquire into any Reiki master's background, and a credible Reiki master will welcome this inquiry.
Many Reiki masters have websites or brochures that describe their training, experience and classes. If you do not find such information, it is reasonable to have a brief conversation to ask some questions. Many of these questions are the same ones you would ask a Reiki practitioner, as outlined in the section How Can I Find a Qualified Practitioner [13].
In addition, be sure to ask about the Reiki master's teaching experience and classes (scheduling, fee, etc). And finally, ask what opportunities the Reiki master offers for continued mentoring and group practice. Choose your Reiki master carefully, looking not only for a teacher who has the qualifications you want, but also for one with whom you feel a rapport.
Traditionally, there are three degrees of practice, each building on the other and each outlining a unique, specific scope of practice. Daily hands-on Reiki self-treatment remains the foundation at all levels of practice.
Whether you seek to practice on yourself or others, learning Reiki is not an intellectual exercise. Proficiency with Reiki is developed through practice, not by taking the next level class.
Families can learn to practice Reiki either to enhance wellbeing or to address illness. Practicing Reiki on themselves and one another engages the family in a culture of wellness, enhances bonding, and creates habits of healthful living that can support a lifetime of wellbeing.
[1] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhance-your-wellbeing/health/stress-mastery/learn-relaxation-techniques
[2] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/cancer
[3] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/heart-disease
[4] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/anxiety-0
[5] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term34
[6] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/wellbeing/safety-and-prevention
[7] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/wellbeing/health/stress-mastery
[8] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/anxiety
[9] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/diabetes
[10] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/massage-therapy
[11] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/shiatsu
[12] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/yoga
[13] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/reiki/how-can-i-find-qualified-reiki-practitioner
[14] http://www.religionandspirituality.com/view/post/11709123755600/Reiki_Learning_to_do_it/
[15] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/our-experts/pamela-miles
[16] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/our-experts/deborah-ringdahl-dnp-rn-cnm
[17] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/-visit-reiki-practitioner


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On this day: February 15
Published On: Feb 14 2013 06:12:05 PM CST Updated On: Feb 15 2016 01:00:00 AM CST
The USS Maine explodes mysteriously in Havana Harbor, the teddy bear is born, President Franklin D. Roosevelt survives an assassination attempt, and Jeffrey Dahmer is found guilty, all on this day.
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25 U.S. Code § 544 - Creation of individual credits; authorized purchases
The Secretary of the Interior be, and he is authorized and directed, from the capital reserve fund deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Klamath and Modoc Tribes and Yahooskin Band of Snake Indians (hereinafter referred to as the "Klamath Tribes"), said fund being established pursuant to the Act of August 28, 1937 (ch. 874, 50 Stat. 872) [25 U.S.C. 530 et seq.], as augmented by the proceeds of the judgment fund of the Klamath Indians as provided in the Act of August 7, 1939 (ch. 552, 53 Stat. 1252) [25 U.S.C. 541 et seq.], to credit the sum of $500 upon the books of the Office of Indian Affairs, to each person determined by the Secretary of the Interior to be entitled to enrollment upon the annuity roll of said tribes of the Klamath Reservation, Oregon, living upon March 29, 1948. The share of each adult member of the credit so established shall be available for expenditure, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe, for the following purposes:
Purchase of land or interests in land; improvement of lands acquired or already held by the Indian; erection and improvement of suitable homes including household equipment and furnishings; repayment of any loans received from the United States or from the Klamath tribal funds; purchase of building material, feed, seed, and grain; purchase or rehabilitation and repair of farming equipment, tools, trucks, tractors, machinery, and implements; and purchase of any other equipment or supplies necessary to enable the Indians to fit themselves for or to engage in farming, livestock, industry, or such other pursuits or vocations, including education and adult education, as will enable them to become self-supporting; and health, including dental work: Provided, however, That the funds of the aged, infirm, decrepit, and incapacitated members may be used for their proper maintenance and support: Provided further, That during minority the share of each minor Indian shall be available for expenditure only for his education and for health purposes, including dental work, except that in an emergency expenditure of a minor Indian's share may be made for any of the purposes specified in this section and section 545 of this title. As herein used, the term "minor" shall include all members of the tribe who have not attained the age of twenty-one years, except that minors eighteen years of age or over and who are married or have families of their own to support, shall be regarded as adults. On the death of any enrolled member, adult or minor, the sum on deposit to his credit shall be distributed as personal property, and shall be available for expenditure by the distributees only for the purposes herein authorized: And provided further, That each member of the Klamath Tribes honorably discharged from service to the United States in its armed forces shall, upon application to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, be paid $200 in cash, free from the aforesaid restrictions and in addition to the $500 to be credited to such member as provided in this section.
Act of August 28, 1937, referred to in text, is act Aug. 28, 1937, ch. 874, 50 Stat. 872, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter IX (§ 530 et seq.) of this chapter.
Act of August 7, 1939, referred to in text, is act Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 552, 53 Stat. 1252, as amended, which is classified generally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
This section was not enacted as part of act Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 552, 53 Stat. 1252, which comprises this subchapter.
Act Mar. 29, 1948, ch. 160, § 1, 62 Stat. 92, provided:
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174,64 Stat. 1262, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Our December issue is out now, featuring Paul Carmichael's recipes for a Caribbean Christmas, silly season cocktails and more.
Subscribe to Australian Gourmet Traveller before 28th December, 2016 for your chance to win a share of $50,000!
Subscribe to Gourmet Traveller for your iPad or Android tablet.
Sharp design with a lifestyle mindset, East is a business hotel with personality.
Abla Amad has served traditional Lebanese food at Abla's in Carlton for the past 37 years. Here, she chats about how she's kept afloat - and sane - across four decades of service.
And his lucky host city is…
From an art-fuelled Friday night to fish and chips on the sand, Melbourne is packed with adventure this summer - all of it delicious.
No eggnog here: this December, we're drinking a seven-apple cider blend, a spicy durif, and a luscious sweet Riesling.
The Botanical Hotel's public bar has been re-opened as Gilson thanks to the founders of some of Melbourne's busiest cafes.
For our 50th anniversary issue in 2016, we scoured Australia asking two questions: What dishes are making waves right now? What flavours will take us into the next half-century? Melbourne provided 14 answers.
2016 was all about slow-roasting, fresh pasta and comfort food. These are the recipes you clicked on most this year, counting back to number one.
When the mercury is rising, step away from the oven. These recipes are either raw, chilled or frozen and will cool you down in a snap.
13 of our most decadent chocolate recipes to indulge guests with this Christmas.
We don't do things by halves in the Gourmet office. These are the recipes we'll be cooking on the big day.
We're thinking big for travelling in 2017 - and so should you. Will we see you sunrise at Java's 9th-century Borobudur Buddhist temple, across the table at Reykjavik's newest restaurants or swimming side-by-side with humpback whales off Western Australia's coast?
The versatility of vegetarian dishes means they can be served alongside meat and seafood, or enjoyed simply as they are. With Christmas just around the corner, we've put together some of our favourite vegetarian recipes to appease both herbivores and carnivores alike.
Whether in a fresh salad or seasonal seafood dish, feta's creamy tang can be used to add interest to a variety of summer dishes.
For our 50th anniversary issue in 2016, we scoured Australia asking two questions: What dishes are making waves right now? What flavours will take us into the next half-century? Sydney provided 16 answers.
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The General Altimax Arctic winter tire has a multi-angle sipe system which enhances traction in high-angled turns and straight-ahead drivingDirectional tread pattern amplifies water evacuationAll-weather dual tread compound maintains cold-weather flexibility and provides excellent wet weather tractionSolid centre rib provides straight-line stabilityUtilizes Reactive Contour Technology to help maintain grip on all surfaces270° of sipes with biting edges that enhance traction in any direction of travelCan be used with studs for enhanced grip
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Kingstone Press Championship - Round 5
Posted 27 February 2013 - 03:55 PM
Thu 28 Feb: Batley Bulldogs v Halifax - KO 7.30pm (Premier Sports)
Fri 1 Mar: Sheffield Eagles v York City Knights - KO 7.30pm
Sun 3 Mar: Hunslet Hawks v Doncaster - KO 3pm
Sun 3 Mar: Keighley Cougars v Leigh Centurions - KO 3pm
Sun 3 Mar: Swinton Lions v Dewsbury Rams - KO 3pm
Sun 3 Mar: Whitehaven v Featherstone Rovers - KO 3pm
Sun 3 Mar: Workington Town v Barrow Raiders - KO 3pm
John Drake
Site Admin: TotalRL.com
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Posted 27 February 2013 - 03:59 PM
I remember when .............................
"It is impossible not to feel a twinge of sympathy for Workington Town, the fall guys this season for the Super League's determination to retain it's European dimension, in the shape of Paris. While the French have had every assistance to survive, the importance of having a flagship in a heartland area like West Cumbria has been conveniently forgotten." - Dave Hadfield - Independent 25th August 1996.
Posted 27 February 2013 - 04:02 PM
Batley Bulldogs v Halifax (7.30pm Premier Sports)
Miles Greenwood looks set to return to the Batley Bulldogs' squad after missing last week's 20-10 win at Barrow Raiders due to a hamstring problem.
Greenwood's return comes as a welcome boost for Bulldogs coach John Kear. Greg Johnson, who played at full-back in Greenwood's absence last week, suffered a shoulder injury against the Raiders and is unavailable for Thursday's televised clash with Halifax.
Kear said: "I wasn't necessarily pleased with how we played last week, but I was pleased with the outcome and our defensive effort."
Halifax have a 100 per cent record this season after four wins from their opening four games in the Kingstone Press Championship.
Kear said: "They're a big and aggressive side. When a team has got the likes of Andy Bracek, Tony Tonks and Luke Ambler, you know they're going to be strong and tough.
"They've also got really good threat on the edges with people like Dane Manning, and their half-backs are also very clever.
"Karl Harrison will be saying they haven't hit their straps yet, but they've got four wins out of four. That looks like a pretty good record to me."
Lee Paterson (back) is doubtful for Halifax, while Mick Nanyn and Iain Morrison are definitely ruled out.
Harrison said: "We're not breaking any pots and we're not playing great, but we're getting through at the moment.
"We need to up our intensity this week or Batley will just blow us away."
John Drake
Site Admin: TotalRL.com
Email: email@example.com
Posted 28 February 2013 - 10:23 AM
I'm going for Batley, Eagles, Doncaster, Leigh, Swinton, Fev and Workington
North Derbyshire Chargers - join the stampede
Running targets in 2016 - Run an Ultra, run 2016km in total and beat my 5K PB
Posted 28 February 2013 - 02:12 PM
Kingstone Press Championship - Previews
Friday March 1
Sheffield Eagles v York City Knights (7.30pm)
Young forward Connor Scott is set for a place in Mark Aston's Sheffield Eagles squad for Friday's Kingstone Press Championship clash with York City Knights. The 19-year-old made two appearances last year and has impressed Aston in training this term. Now he looks likely to get his opportunity in the Eagles' first game of 2013 at Bramall Lane.
York coach Gary Thornton is in buoyant mood, despite his side's 18-14 loss against Halifax last week. Thornton said: "We would have been good value to win the game. We deserved more than a bonus point. We asked for a reaction after the Batley defeat and we certainly got it. Hopefully that will be a marker for the rest of the season. We'll go into Friday's game a lot more confident, and we know we can compete with teams in the top five. Sheffield is a different challenge to Halifax. They play on a very wide pitch, but we're looking forward to it."
Sam Scott (pelvis) is likely to miss the match with his old club, while Ed Smith (dead leg) is also doubtful.
However, Jason Golden and James Ford are set to return to the Knights' match-day squad.
Sunday March 3
Hunslet Hawks v Doncaster (3.00pm)
Hunslet coach Barry Eaton believes a second win of the season is just around the corner – providing the Hawks keep hold of the ball.
Eaton's men have not won since a 42-12 victory over Barrow Raiders on the opening weekend of the Kingstone Press Championship season. Last week they lost 36-18 at Featherstone Rovers, following other defeats against Leigh Centurions and Dewsbury Rams, but Eaton's faith remains undiminished.
Eaton said: "Although the score was against us at half time against Featherstone, we weren't banging our heads against the wall in disgust at our own performance. It's no coincidence that in our previous two defeats, our completion rate had been a big downfall for us. On Sunday we played the best side in the competition, but we were able to make the right decisions in the second half because our completion rate was in the right area."
He added: "We're confident going into this game against Doncaster. The belief and mentality within the camp is pretty good. We're at home and confident, but we're also aware that Doncaster are a good side. They look like they're well and truly able to compete at this level."
Hunslet are set to be unchanged from last week, while Mike Kelly and Chris Spurr could both come back into contention for the Dons.
Keighley Cougars v Leigh Centurions (3.00pm)
Keighley Cougars coach Paul March has been dealt a major blow with the news that Daley Williams faces at least six weeks on the sidelines with broken ribs. However, Ollie Pursglove could return to action on Sunday to boost March's options. March's side collected their third successive bonus point with a 20-10 defeat against Swinton Lions last week.
March said: "We are so close but yet so far. The last time we won was in July, and losing becomes a habit just as much as winning. We need to get out of the losing habit pretty quickly, but I believe in the ability of the squad and coaching staff to turn it around."
On Leigh Centurions, he added: "They've signed some quality players in guys like Sean Penkywicz, but I don't think they've fully gelled yet. Maybe it's a good time to catch them."
Centurions coach Paul Rowley has doubts over two unnamed forwards, but insists: "We've more than enough cover. We'll be happy with the squad we put out."
Rowley added: "Keighley aren't a bad side. They've been through a big transition and they'll get better over time. They've some good personnel. Everyone talks about Paul March being rugged, but he's also a smart footballer and people forget that at times. He epitomises what Keighley are all about."
Swinton Lions v Dewsbury Rams (3.00pm)
Swinton Lions' caretaker coach Ian Watson will be without Chris Clarke (broken thumb) and Jordan Burke (ankle) for Sunday's Kingstone Press Championship fixture with Dewsbury Rams. Burke is expected to miss six weeks of action in news that comes as a major blow to the Lions. However, Chas I'Anson is set to return to action on Sunday, giving Watson a timely boost as Swinton look to back up last week's win at Keighley.
Impressive Dewsbury racked up a 46-8 triumph against Whitehaven in a performance that pleased coach Glenn Morrison. He said: "We're probably going to run with the same squad this week. I was really impressed with our boys last week – they completed their sets and put on display what we've been working on in training."
He added: "Swinton are a quality side, and Richie Hawkyard is someone I've known since my Bradford days. Teams like that just need one win – which they got last week – and then they generally kick on from there. We'll have to take our A game."
Whitehaven v Featherstone Rovers (3.00pm)
Whitehaven coach Dave Woods has challenged his players to bounce back from last week's 46-8 defeat against Dewsbury Rams. 'Haven started life in the Kingstone Press Championship with back-to-back wins, but have now fallen to successive defeats.
Woods said: "We can't change what's happened, but we've got to react to it now. We've got to forget about our performance against Dewsbury and move on.
"It's one tough game after another tough game in this league, but we're at home on Sunday – that's the good thing about it. Hopefully we can right a few wrongs from last week and show some improvement."
Woods has no new injury concerns, while Featherstone Rovers coach Daryl Powell could also name an unchanged side from last week's 36-18 win against Hunslet Hawks.
However, Powell is demanding more defensive concentration from his squad. He said: "(Conceding) 18 points is too many. We need to dip down on that and improve our standards. There's loads of improvement in us, and we've got a lot of work to do from a mentality point of view to improve on that in future games."
Workington Town v Barrow Raiders (3.00pm)
Workington Town coach Gary Charlton has a major doubt over Mark Calderwood for Sunday's derby with Barrow Raiders. The former England winger, who was selected in the Premier Sports Team of the Week after scoring two tries in last week's 28-24 defeat against Sheffield Eagles, landed awkwardly after catching a kick. But despite the concern over Calderwood, Charlton remains in confident mood.
He said: "We have three winnable games coming up in the next month against teams that will be around us in the table. We've got to be looking to be picking up points."
Raiders coach Darren Holt has a slight worry over Kurt Haggerty (knee), but has no new major injuries to contend with. Holt's men are still searching for their first win in the Kingstone Press Championship, having lost 20-10 against Batley Bulldogs in their latest fixture.
Holt said: "Our performance against Batley was a big step forward. For the majority of the game we came out on top. It should be a benchmark performance for us, and we should be looking to improve each week on it."
On Workington, Holt added: "We played each other four times last year and while there are some new faces on both sides, these games always follow a similar pattern.
"Workington have gone well at home this year. We'll look at DVDs and see if there's anything we can exploit, but we know it will be a big test for us."
Hannah Molloy
Media Assistant
Edited by Honor James, 28 February 2013 - 02:19 PM.
"The purpose of life is to live it, to taste experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear for newer and richer experience." Eleanor Roosevelt
Posted 02 March 2013 - 12:39 PM
Posted 02 March 2013 - 12:54 PM
Posted 02 March 2013 - 11:18 PM
Posted 04 March 2013 - 01:10 AM


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Election Day favorites: appetizer recipes
Published On: Nov 05 2012 09:22:22 AM CST Updated On: Feb 07 2013 03:36:04 PM CST
On election night, many of us will be attending result watching parties with friends. Make your party a hit with a few of these recipes.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.


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Petite Cardinal Ponte Jacket
Style: 570096783
Out of Stock
Red revs up our ponté moto jacket with ruffles and a dressy drape. A shapely arched yoke and belt accent the back.
- Open neckline and half-zip close. Side-entry pockets.
- Trapunto stitching on stand collar, banded bottom and zip cuff. Tacked back ruffle-trimmed lapel.
- Satin charmeuse piped seams. Rhodium-finish metal rivets. Crystal-set pulls on zippers.
- Unlined medium weight knit.
- 70% Rayon, 25% Nylon, 5% Elastane. Dry clean. Imported.
- Hits at mid-hip (23" from shoulder in front; 20.25" in back.)
- Petite length: hits at mid-hip (22" from shoulder in front ; 19.5" in back).
Read more… Read less…


text: Schiff, a brand that's been around since 1936, is likely best known for their MegaRed or Airborne products. Harnessing what nature already offers with the right amount of science, Schiff helps nourish generations of active, healthy lives. Schiff also offers Move Free joint health support, popular probiotics for digestive support, essential fatty acids and supplements for cardiovascular health.


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The Tigers begin their 2014 football schedule against one of their own in Victoria St. Joseph's Dustin Meaux, who will be making his head-coaching debut in the 7:30 p.m. contest at Tiger Stadium.
Meaux, 29, starred in football at Goliad and Texas Lutheran before playing one season professionally for the Corpus Christi Sharks of the Arena League's af2 developmental league.
"It's super exciting for my first ball game as a head football coach to be in my hometown and on the field I played on," Meaux said. "It's going to be a special day."
"He's a Goliad boy and I actually tried to hire him a couple of times," Goliad coach John Mares said. "He'll have them fired up and ready to roll. He's a good coach."
The Tigers enter the season with high expectations after reaching the area playoffs in 2013. Goliad welcomed transfer quarterback Nate Kowalik in the summer and he helped the Tigers' 7-on-7 team reach the state tournament for the first time.
"The offense is clicking," Mares said. "Looking at the film, you can always see things you need to work on. I think we're headed in the right direction. Every day is a new day and we need to work on what we're doing good and what we're doing not so good."
Kowalik has a skilled group of receivers in Desmond Perry, Akil Ellis, Justin Thomas, Mac Wimberly and Joseph Burns, who is expected to see time at running back with Ty Ross. The offensive line returns starters Irwin Franklin and Hunter Rodriguez.
The Tigers' defense returns five starters, including Colby Zamzow and Thomas in the secondary, Ross and Rodriguez on the line and Burns at linebacker.
"They are very talented," Meaux said of the Tigers.
"They have a pretty talented quarterback and some good secondary guys. They are pretty sound and disciplined."
Meaux, who on the Victoria West staff for 2 1/2 years before taking the St. Joseph position in July, greeted nine returning starters from last year's team that went 2-8. He scrapped the Flyers' Flex Bone option offense for the Wing-T.
"Our kids are doing what they need to do to try to get better everyday," said Meaux, who has also served on the staffs at Victoria Memorial, Louise and Pearsall.
"We're going to be more physical and try to put our kids in a situation to do stuff to be successful all the time. Our kids have to put themselves in a position to be successful with their work and their attitude."
Goliad's offense moved the ball well during its scrimmages against Taft and Karnes City.
"We're moving forward," Mares said.
"We hope to get off to a good start Friday night and build on that."
Goliad will compete in District 15-3A, Division I this season with Hallettsville, which is ranked No. 2 in the Class 2A preseason poll. The Tigers are expected to contend for the district title with the Brahmas.
"Between the players, coaches and parents, we're ready to get this thing underway," Mares said.


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Federation invites all Eagles football fans to come to a tailgate party with a purpose on Sunday, Oct. 13, from 12:30 p.m. to 8 p.m., at the Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy, 272 S. Bryn Mawr Ave., Bryn Mawr.
Watch our Eagles fly on big-screen TVs and enjoy kosher wings, burgers, hot dogs and other game-day noshes, then celebrate the win with your friends and neighbors during a post-game community phon-a-thon.
It is an opportunity to help champion the cause of those who depend upon a successful Federation annual campaign to fund programs and services that feed the hungry, build Jewish identity, support older adults, sustain families at risk and ensure that our local and global Jewish community remains vital and vibrant for generations to come.
Please register today at: www.jewishphilly.org/phonathon [1]. For more information, call 215-832-0517.
If you can't join us on Sunday, Oct. 13, additional fall phon-a-thons are planned for the following dates, times and locations:
Monday, Oct. 21, 6 p.m. to 9 p.m., Jewish Community Services Building, 2100 Arch St., Philadelphia*
Monday, Oct. 28, 6 p.m. to 9 p.m., SofterWare Inc., 132 Welsh Rd., Suite 140, Horsham*
Monday, Nov. 18, 6 p.m. to 9 p.m., Jewish Community Services Building, 2100 Arch St., Philadelphia*
Save the Date for Super Sunday, Feb. 9, 2014, 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy, Bryn Mawr.
Together, we can do extraordinary things.
*Dinner will be served and dietary laws will be observed.


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"This is a very important dinner," said Kenda Nelson, director of Elderly Services. "We have outreach personnel from the Area Agency on Aging, Bee County Action Agency, the Food Bank of the Golden Crescent and Corpus Christi Home Care."
Leticia Ochao from AAA will review the Part D Medicare Prescription Drug Plan and Carol Ayala will assist in filling out forms. A person from BCAA will take applications to help people pay utility bills; and a representative with Corpus Christi Home Care will take blood pressure and blood sugar readings.
"Many of our elderly residents qualify for these programs," Nelson said. "We have brochures in Elderly Services to help you determine eligibility and what papers you need to bring with you."
"Come by Elderly Services and pick up the income guidelines and other information so that you can bring the needed documents to get help with your utility bills," Nelson said. "While you're here, sign up for the dinner or call us at 361-526-5579 for the head count."
Frank Hosey and Manny Govella are planning the menu that will feature smothered chicken with all the trimmings.
Door prizes will be given out.


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Hi all, I need your help.
My daughter was born at 32 weeks and stayed in the NICU for 5 weeks. I was able to put her to breast a few times in the NICU but she was mainly bottle fed since they had to see how much she was eating. Now that she is home I have the OK from her pedi to exclusively breastfeed.
Here's the problem: She latches on well and eats on one side for a good time. It feels significantly softer when she is finished. I wait until she is sleeping or no longer sucking on that side, change her diaper and then start on the other side. I let her feed on that sid until she acts satisfied. When I wrap her and put her down about 5 minutes later she is rooting and crying like she is hungry again. I can't ever get her satisfied and don't want to supplement. I feel like I'll never get away from the bottle. This goes on for an hour and a half sometimes before I give in and she only takes about 10mL from the bottle before she crashes.
What do I do to just get her exculsively breast? I know I have a good milk supply because I pump about 3-4oz and she only eats a maximum of 2.5oz from bottle.
Any help is greatly appreciated!