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Community impatient in hit-and-run caseBy Brent Curtis
STAFF WRITER | April 17,2013Calls for an arrest and charges in a Rutland hit-and-run that killed a Mendon woman continue to be heard on the citys streets and in social media forums six days after former city attorney Christopher Sullivan told police he was the driver in the crash.
But a Vermont State Police crash reconstructionist and a former state prosecutor said this week that delays in cases like the one that killed 71-year-old Jane Outslay arent unusual as police and prosecutors try to gather all the evidence they need to build a strong case.
Its not uncommon, said Robert Sand, former Windsor County states attorney. The last thing you want to do is prematurely file a case.
Such a view is contrary to the opinions of many in the Rutland community who have taken to Facebook in the days since Sullivan identified himself as the driver in the crash and surrendered the 2004 Lexus sedan he was driving at the time.
Many members of the community, including Emma Martens who came to a press conference at the police department Friday to ask pointed questions, believe Sullivan is receiving special treatment because he hasnt been arrested, charged or imprisoned and remains free with no restrictions on his travel or other activities.
A short update about the continuing investigation that was posted on the Rutland Herald Facebook page at 9 a.m. Tuesday garnered 70 comments by 6 p.m. most from posters frustrated by the lack of criminal charges in the case.
This man should certainly face charges, Proctor schoolteacher Chuck Laramie wrote Tuesday on Facebook. To say that (Sullivan) due to his presumed status is not getting special treatment would be ludicrous. Leaving the scene of an accident is a crime, for that he should at least be charged and arraigned.
Leaving the scene of a crash is a criminal charge in Vermont. For crashes involving property damage, its a misdemeanor offense. But fatal hit-and-runs can result in a felony charge and up to 15 years in jail if convicted.
Rutland City Police and prosecutors with the Vermont attorney generals office, who took over the case at the request of the Rutland County states attorneys office, have declined to comment on any specifics driving the investigation. But Police Chief James Baker on Friday emphatically denied any special treatment for Sullivan.
For anyone to think that we are treating Mr. Sullivan differently than anyone else is ludicrous, Baker said Friday.
We cannot take liberties away until we have the case and the evidence exactly right. We have to deal with facts, not rumors, the chief added.
Outslays family members said Tuesday they werent worried about the progress of the case.
Im not getting frustrated, Outslays husband, Merrill Outslay said. I recognize they have to do their job.
Outslays son, Gregor Outslay, said Tuesday the family has been more focused on laying his mother to rest than on Sullivan.
On our side of things theres no anxiety, he said. Were focused on the funeral and the wake and havent put that much energy and thought into the criminal case.
He added that Rutland Police have kept the family informed and have been supportive during the investigation.
While some onlookers suspect ulterior motives for delays in making an arrest and bringing charges in the case, Sand said the reality in most cases like the one in Rutland is far more practical.
Sand, who now works for the Shumlin administration and has no involvement in the investigation, said he couldnt say for sure what factors are influencing the case in Rutland. But he said from his experience as a prosecutor, taking the time to build a strong case and match it with the most applicable criminal offense is a top consideration.
There are a range of criminal offenses that could apply to a hit-and-run crash, each requiring a different threshold of conduct and evidence to prove.
Unless theres a public safety risk or a risk of flight, delaying and letting investigators build their case is the most prudent thing to do, he said. A careful review of the facts is exactly what the public should want the police and prosecutors to do before making charging decisions.
Examining evidence in hit-and-run cases can take a lot of time as investigators work backward to recreate elements that existed at the moment of a crash, according to Vermont State Police Sgt. Garry Scott.
Scott, the commander of the state police crash reconstruction team, said determining critical elements such as the vehicles speed can take time as investigators rely on a number of sources, including road marks, autopsy results and data stored in the computer system controlling a vehicles airbag system to come up with an exact rate of speed.
Scott added that it can be misleading to judge a vehicles speed based on the distance a pedestrian was moved after being struck by a vehicle.
At low speeds, he said, a pedestrian could be carried long distances on the hood and windshield. High-speed impacts are more likely to leave pedestrians at the point of impact as they are often thrown straight up into the air by a vehicle.
Careful analysis of forensic evidence is even important in cases where a confession has been made, Scott said, because sometimes the evidence shows that someone else was behind the wheel of a vehicle.
To determine who was driving in a crash, investigator often look for injuries from seat belts or the deployment of airbags and interviews are conducted with other passengers in the vehicle and anyone else who might have seen who was behind the wheel prior to a crash.
You want to tie everything together, Scott said. If you bring a bad charge early, it taints everything that happens in a case further on.
firstname.lastname@example.com IN This Just InMONTPELIER A new report from a commission that studied the cost, availability and quality of... Full StoryVermont fish hatchery changes focus, looks inland
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Shooting suspect absent from court
RUTLAND A Vermont man charged with shooting and wounding two state police troopers and a disabled neighbor in his bed refused to appear in court Monday to answer four attempted murder charges, but his attorney entered a not guilty plea on his behalf.
The Rutland courtroom was packed with state troopers and others who waited almost two hours before the judge and the attorneys in the case appeared to say that Timothy Foley, of Leicester, was refusing to appear.
Superior Court Judge Michael Pratt allowed Foleys attorney to enter the pro-forma not guilty plea to two charges of attempted murder and two counts of attempted aggravated murder. Foley was ordered held without bail.
Foleys attorney, Mary Kay Lanthier, declined to comment after the hearing.
None of the three people Foley allegedly fired on with a shotgun was seriously injured.
Mahon McCoy, 64, was struck in the head by shotgun pellets while he slept at home, across the road from Foleys home. McCoy is partly paralyzed because of a stroke several years ago.
Court documents said Foley, who is known to police to have a drug and mental health history, called police late Saturday to report there was someone around his house screaming. The documents did not say if the Brandon police who investigated found evidence of screaming.
Around 3 a.m. Sunday, police received a 911 call from McCoys wife, saying her husband had been shot.
Court documents say police followed a trail of blood across the road to Foleys home, where Foley fired at two troopers. Trooper Matt Daley and Sgt. Eugene Duplissis were both hit in the head with shotgun pellets.
Duplissis returned fire before Foley surrendered. A 12-gauge shotgun was recovered from Foleys home.
It was the second police-involved shooting in Vermont in two days. On Friday, a Brattleboro police officer shot and killed a suspect during the search of a hotel room that police said was drug-related. The deceased was identified Monday as 35-year-old Michael Santiago, of Brattleboro.
Leicester is in Addison County, but there was no judge in court there Monday, so the arraignment was moved to Rutland. Pratt said another hearing would have to be scheduled in Addison County to complete the details of the arraignment.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER A new report from a commission that studied the cost, availability and quality of... Full StoryVermont fish hatchery changes focus, looks inland
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subset: commoncrawl


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England-Midlands Under 18s undertake second pioneering tour
The England-Midlands Under 18s will depart for Belgrade, Serbia on Thursday 15th August where they will face Germany Under 18s and Serbia Under 18s at the Rugby League European Federation Youth Festival. The Midlands team played at the same event in 2012 where they faced Lebanon and Serbia.
"We are delighted to be undertaking this tour for the second time" explained David Butler who will manage the tour. "The experience in 2012 left a lasting impression on many young players who transitioned to the adult game and I am sure that it will be the case this year too. The importance of growing the game in Europe cannot be underestimated and the entire touring party is aware of the role they are playing in doing so. We are delighted to be giving the Germans and the Serbians the opportunity to expand their playing programme and the players and staff are delighted to be representing English Rugby League at the event."
The touring party consists of 19 players and 5 staff, with seven of the region's clubs represented. All players and staff have raised their own funds to take part in the tour.
In addition to the two matches, members of the squad and management will assist in coaching and match officials seminars and the squad will also be guests of the British Embassy to assist in promoting British products and culture at a festival taking place in the city.
David McFarlane, Charge d'Affaires at the British Embassy in Serbia has taken a keen interest in the squads involvement, sending the squad a good luck message ahead of the visit.
"The Rugby League European Federation Under 18s Tournament taking place in Belgrade on 17th to 19th August is fast becoming a regular and important international fixture" he said. "I am delighted that a European tournament of this standing will again take place in Belgrade. This is a testament to the growing popularity of Rugby League in Serbia and the talent of the coaches and all the young athletes involved. It gives me particular pleasure to welcome the British team from the Midlands. I wish them every success for their trip to Belgrade and good luck for the tournament."
Match Schedule:
Friday 16th August – Serbia v Germany (6pm)
Saturday 17th August – England-Midlands v Germany (6pm)
Sunday 18th August – Serbia v England-Midlands (6pm)
England-Midlands Touring Party
Sean Roberts (Coventry Dragons)
Sam Ball (Coventry Dragons)
Reece Needham (Coventry Bears)
Connor Slater (Coventry Bears)
Joe Gregory (Birmingham Bulldogs)
Will Cox (Leamington Royals)
Ieuan Jones (Nottingham Outlaws)
Sam Shepherd (Birmingham Bulldogs)
Adam Bromley (Birmingham Bulldogs)
Harry Marks (Coventry Bears)
Lewis Flack (Leicester Storm)
Jack Pearce (Derby City)
Daniel Hyams (Nottingham Outlaws)
Joe Frobisher (Nottingham Outlaws)
Jamal McKenzie (Nottingham Outlaws)
Peter Wilson (Nottingham Outlaws)
Zak White (Nottingham Outlaws)
Samuel Chalkin (Derby City)
Joolz Masters (Nottingham Outlaws)
James Carter (Coach)
Dan Poulton (Coach)
Kane Krlic (Coach)
David Butler (Tour Manager)
Danny McNeice (Tour Manager)
Updates will be available throughout the event on Twitter @MidsRugbyLeague


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Fallsburg Man found Guilty of Predatory Sexual Assault Against a Child
February 15, 2012 —
Sullivan County District Attorney Jim Farrell announced today that Noel Russell, age 37, of South Fallsburg, N.Y., was found guilty of two counts of Predatory Sexual Assault, class A-2 felonies, two counts of Predatory Sexual Assault Against a Child, class A-2 felonies, and two counts of Incest in the 1st Degree, class B felonies, after a jury trial in Sullivan County Court in front of County Court Judge Michael McGuire.
Farrell said the jury found Russell guilty of engaging in a course of sexual conduct with an eleven year old girl over a period of approximately nine months commencing in September of 2010 and continuing through March 2011 and engaging in a criminal sexual act with the same child in July of 2010.
Russell was charged with Predatory Sexual Assault because he had a prior rape conviction in 2005 that served as a basis to enhance the penalties he faced as a repeat sexual offender.
Russell admitted that prior conviction outside the presence of the jury, so they were not able to consider that fact in rendering a verdict. Russell was arrested in March of 2011 after an investigation by the Sullivan County Family Violence Response Team. The jury deliberated for about 14 hours before returning a verdict.
Farrell was "extremely pleased" with the jury's verdict and praised the hard work of his staff and the members of the FVRT, "ADA Jared Hart and the members of the team worked very hard on this case to obtain justice for this young girl and the jury's verdict will ensure that a predatory sexual offender will be removed from the community for an extended period of time." Russell faces a minimum of 10 years to life up to 25 years to life when he is sentenced on May 9, 2012.


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Dodge Ridge offers great rates for groups of 15 or more!
Dodge Ridge is the closest, most accessible, family-friendly wintersports area to the Bay Area and Central Valley. Every year Dodge Ridge works with hundreds of Schools, Scouts, Churches, Corporations, and Family groups to identify their unique needs and customize packages that will maximize their time on the mountain. Our staff is committed to creating packages for your group that will accommodate ages 6 and up, at any ability level.
To create your group's mountain experience contact the Group Sales Department at (209)536-5315 or email@example.com.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I contact Groups Sales at Dodge Ridge?
- Phone number: 209-536-5315 or 209-965-3474
- Fax: 209-965-4810
- E-mail: email@example.com
- Web: www.DodgeRidge.com
How many people need to be in my group before I receive the group discounts?
- Group rates are applicable for parties of 15+
Do groups receive any chaperone tickets?
- Yes! Every 16th lift ticket is complimentary for a chaperone! For every 15+ paid guests, your group will earn one complimentary chaperone lift ticket, valid only on the day of your visit.
How do I receive my required forms?
- After you contact our Group Sales Department, they will email and mail all the required forms to the group leader.
Can I book a group during the Holiday times?
- Absolutely! We are more than happy to accommodate your group during a holiday, however please contact for us for holiday availability and pricing.
What is included in the equipment rental package?
- Included in rental package for skiers: skis, boots, poles and helmets. Included in the rental package for snowboarders: snowboards, boots and helmets. We offer excellent ski and snowboarding equipment, fitted specifically to your ability by our knowledgeable Rental Center Staff. Please come prepared with knowledge of each individuals height, weight, and shoe and helmet size.
Can I reschedule my booked trip?
- We completely understand that unforeseen events arise making it necessary to change your plans. We are more than happy to assist you in rescheduling your group to date that is more convenient.
What form of payment do you take?
- We prefer cash and credit cards. Please note that only one payment per group is accepted.
When should I arrive?
- We are here and ready to assist you as early 7:30am. In order to get your group through rentals and to their lesson on time, we recommend you arrive no later than 8:00am.
Having trouble getting here on time? No problem, just give us a call and we would be more than happy to accommodate your late start and get you on the mountain as soon as possible.
- We are here and ready to assist you as early 7:30am. In order to get your group through rentals and to their lesson on time, we recommend you arrive no later than 8:00am.
What do we bring?
- Required Items
- Eye protection; goggles or sunglasses.
- Waterproof gloves.
- Sun screen.
- Recommends items
- Waterproof pants and jacket.
- Beanie or hat.
- Dress in breathing/wicking base layers. (Only one pair of wicking/wool socks.)
- Avoid cotton base layers.
- In our Sports Shop we carry a large variety of wonderful items for your trip!
- Required Items
What kind of weather and roads can I expect?
- Check out our web-site for the latest snow report and road conditions
- For current chain requirements, road conditions, and weather forecast please listen to our snow phone by calling (209) 536-5300.
- We are located on the Western side of the Sierras off all-weather Highway 108. There are no mountain passes to traverse and the great Cal Trans crews keep the highway well maintained. As always carry chains with you when traveling in the mountains, and contact Cal Trans as road conditions change throughout the day.
- Be sure to check the Cal Trans Web Information Link, and then enter 108 into the Highway Number Search Box or call 1-800-427-7623. The highway does close for the winter, but not until approx. 30 miles past the exit to Dodge Ridge.
- Check out our web-site for the latest snow report and road conditions
Camp Sylvester, Est. 1927
Private Rental Cabins, Group Facilities, Recreation and Much More!
Nestled within walking distance to Pinecrest Lake and just 2.5 miles from the snow-covered slopes of Dodge Ridge Ski Area, Camp Sylvester is an ideal location for family/group lodging and special events. With updated cabins and recreation halls Camp Sylvester provides the fresh air, green pines and excitement of an outdoor adventure with all of the comforts of a rustic resort. Many lodging/event options to choose from with accommodations for up to (220) persons. For more information visit us online or call: (209) 965-3172.
"Thank you for two wonderful ski dates at Dodge Ridge. Sierra View Christian School had the best time on the slopes. The children all improved in their skiing abilities, thanks to your wonderful classes. Thank you for answering all my questions and superior service. We look forward to more field trips next year. Thank you to everyone who had a part in our fabulous ski days at Dodge Ridge."
— Melissa Crew, Sierra View Christian School


text: I dont want my son to get formula, I use it for supplement. He is much better w the breast milk. He has bad reflux and is much better with the mommy milk then the soy. I pump at work, and will try massaging before and after (just watched the video link on that). I need to make more effort to use mothers milk tea...but any other advice? He gets 4 oz in a bottle to be satisfied. Today, i pumped, and got 1/2 oz out of each breast!( I did take a pill 1x for nausea on Monday. I didnt take anymore bc #1 I couldnt bf and #2 I read later that it can diminish supply. I am afraid it did and with the fact that my son wouldnt bf from fri night till tues am! After multiple failed latching attmempts, I tried to quit BF and 14 hrs later had to go back. I couldnt stop. Please HELP!!!


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Ok, so in a week or so I might be going back to work for a little bit (long story) and I'm a little concerned. With DD she was a very self-scheduled baby. She ate every 2-3 hours during the day, was regular with her naps, etc etc. It was very easy to know how she would eat while I was at work.
DS is not this way at all. During the day he pretty much eats every hour all day long. He does normally take 1 good nap, but it moves around a bit and is hard to predict. Now, I don't want to schedule him, but what's going to happen when I go back to work? Any moms out there want to share their experiences? I'll be working a 9 hour day and was planning on leaving 12-14 oz depending on what I pump. DD had 3 4-oz bottles, but I'm thinking DS would be pushing to be happy with 4 3-oz bottles. I just don't know until I actually get to work and start pumping. I've already got 15 oz in the freezer, so I ok to start, but I'm worried about him. He'll be at home with our nanny and DD so it won't be day care, but I just don't know how he's going to do without all the mom cuddles.
Thanks in advance!


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Officials: Flu season has peaked in Minnesota
Health officials say the worst of the flu season is likely over in Minnesota.
Kris Ehresmann, the state Health Department's infectious disease director, said Thursday the illness has peaked in Minnesota.
The number of flu-related hospitalizations and outbreaks dropped for the third week in a row.
Minnesota reported 135 hospitalizations last week, compared with 628 just three weeks before. Schools reported 36 outbreaks, compared with 112 the previous week.
Minnesota Public Radio News reports flu deaths, however, were up. The Minnesota Department of Health confirmed 36 deaths in the week that ended Jan. 26, but Ehresmann says some of those occurred earlier.
Minnesota has seen 112 total deaths during this flu season, and 2,367 hospitalizations.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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BSC Professor Receives Research Grant from NASA WV EPSCoR Program
CreatedMonday, May 02 2011
Created byJim Nelson/Media Relations - (304) 327-4103 firstname.lastname@example.com
(Bluefield)—Dr. Tesfaye Belay, an Associate Professor of Biology at Bluefield State College, has been selected to receive a $20,000 research grant from the NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium under the collaborative research program between Marshall University and Bluefield State College. This collaborative research work will be performed in the labs of Dr. Belay at BSC and Dr. Hongwei Yu at Marshall University.
This is the fourth consecutive year that a proposal submitted by Dr. Belay has been approved for NASA WV EPSCoR funding. "This grant will augment the depth and breadth of NASA research work initiated at BSC," Dr. Belay noted. The project is entitled, "Evaluating Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Extreme Starvation Condition." Through previous and current grant awards from NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium, five African American undergraduate students have been trained in biomedical research related to NASA.
Dr. Belay is a recipient of the 2009 Thurgood Marshall "Outstanding Leadership in Faculty Research Award." Through an earlier grant from West Virginia Idea Network for Biomedical Research Excellence (WV-INBRE) and mini-grant from WVEPSCoR, BSC established a biomedical research laboratory and the College is now a participant in a statewide higher education research network.


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What a waste of talent and salary.
Lakers are out from Playoffs
each LOSS will make them stronger and stronger out from playoffs.
They won vs OKC but with reason that Westrook had les than 30% scoring.
but Lakers have not easy schedule coming up.
What a waste of talent and salary.
Im rootin for the Lakers to make it but its not looking good. They should trade dwight, I dont see him re-signing.
Jim Buss is the real problem there, but as you can't move him, the next biggest problem is D'Antoni. Seeing as you can't move him either, Dwight Howard becomes the next piece you can actually move to help the team.
BUT even if Lakers will hit 7/8th place who will b their opponent
not only but OKC SPURS CLIPPS
As much as I would love to see D'antoni and the Lakers miss the playoffs, I wouldn't want to see Dwight dealt to the Nets. Could you imagine Brook Lopez teaming up with Pau Gasol and forming the Spanish twin towers? Not only that, but Dwight to the Nets would give Deron Williams a second superstar and would give the Nets a high percent chance of winning the East.I wouldn't mind if Dwight got traded to any other team in the NBA though.
Humility is a virtue and pride is a vice.
well after month Lakers not only are in playoffs they just won @ Indiania 2nd best east team Kobe was scoreless
but their next 9 oponnents are all winable games so Lakers can even finish as 7th.


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How about we just call it like it is: Jennifer Lopez's recent admission to the BBC that she's "on the fence" about returning to "American Idol" next season is likely nothing more than a ploy for a pay hike. Lopez's current salary: a reported $12 million. How high could her demand ultimately go? Another $23 million, if the Simon Cowell budget is your barometer.Story: Jennifer Lopez 'on the fence' about 'Idol' return
That's right, "Idol's" top-earning judge for eight years running commanded $35 million per season at the end of his tenure, or about $642,201 per hour, using season 9's total airtime. And while Lopez is a proven entity with some box office cachet and a current hit on the Billboard charts (thanks, in large part, to its premiere and multiple plugs on "Idol"), is her contribution to the show really worth that much?
Let's consider: The Bronx beauty has the crabby Brit beat in the looks department, as viewers tuned in just to see what Lopez was wearing or how her hair was done, but when it came to commenting on the performances, it took all season for her to work up the courage to be anything less than fawning. Were it not for Casey Abrams's surprise peck and the occasional cooing "baby" that she would bestow on a contestant, and, dare we say, J Lo sometimes bordered on dull.
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Photos from THR: 'American Idol's' season 10 finale
With that in mind, who's really getting more out of this relationship? True, Fox was able to avert a season 10 ratings disaster by enlisting Lopez for a year on the panel (judge Steven Tyler is signed on through season 11), and the numbers stayed flat, but after nine months of work plus that hefty paycheck, J Lo also walked away with a resurrected career and a radio smash ("On the Floor") on her hands — her first in nearly a decade.
One has to wonder: Was Lopez's "Idol" commitment contingent on her having new product to promote? If that was the case, who could blame her? The exposure alone is priceless, but having an agenda is not lost on some viewers and even certain ex-contestants.
Photos from THR: 'Idol's' worst auditions of all time
Just before last month's "Idol" finale, season 5 second runner-up Elliott Yamin offered his view of the new judges: "I feel like Jennifer and Steven might not be back because their goal was to really promote things they have coming out," he said. "Paula [Abdul] did that too, with the song and video she put out, but it seems like they're doing it more than ever this season." (Worth noting: Tyler, who released a book and a solo single this year, is headed back into the studio with his band Aerosmith to work on a new album and don't be surprised if its release date is slated for Spring 2012.)
For its part in promoting Lopez, Fox is left in a precarious predicament similar to what the network faced last summer when the question of the judges was very much still up in the air — a stressful exercise that doesn't call for a repeat. But if Lopez holds out too much longer, that's exactly what all could be in for.
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Video from THR: Where are these famous 'Idol' alums now?
When asked about her plans, Lopez told the BBC: "I loved ["Idol"] but I have a lot other things happening, and it's going to come down to me making a choice of what I want to do for the next year … we're not really at the breaking point of 'You have to make a decision right now!'"
This then leads us to another unanswered question posed by a salty Brit: "How soon is now?"
Copyright 2012 The Hollywood Reporter


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Steven M. Gordon, MD, Chairman and Staff Member in the Department of Infectious Disease and a Staff Member in the Transplantation Center.
He is certified in Internal Medicine, as well as Infectious Disease by the American College of Physicians. His specialty interests include healthcare epidemiology, infective endocarditis, and cardiac device infections
Dr. Gordon earned his medical degree from Cornell University Medical College in New York. He completed an internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics in Chicago, as well as a residency with the U.S. Public Health Service. He was a Fellow with the Centers for Disease Control, Hospital Infections Program, as well as a Fellow with Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, Ga.
He is a member of several professional organizations, including the Society Healthcare Epidemiology of America for which served as President of the society (January 2011). He is a Fellow of the Infectious Disease Society of America, a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, and member of American Society of Transplantation. Dr. Gordon has received a number of honors and awards over the years. Most recently, he was appointed to serve on the Defense Health Board which serves as a Federal Advisory Committee to the Secretary of Defense. He has also presented a number of national and international meetings, as well as having published more than 160 articles and multiple book chapters.
cardiac device infections, infective endocarditis, ventricular assist device infections, mycobacterial diseases, general infectious diseases
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A busy intersection and freezing temperatures were no match for a dog's loyalty in China.
One pooch braved the weather and passing cars to watch over a canine friend after it was killed in a traffic accident.
CCTV reports it happened in northwest China on Dec. 22.
Residents say the sandy-colored dog stayed with its friend the entire night despite freezing temperatures. Some residents put a stool next to the dogs so they wouldn't be hit by passing traffic.
A restaurant owner eventually buried the small white dog in a nearby park.
His faithful friend stayed with them until the pooch was laid to rest, and then ran off.


text:
Das Bild finden ist der Anfang, es zu bearbeiten der Weg, es in meinen Augen stimmig fertigzustellen, das Ziel.
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A thunderbird in the sky does not necessarily signify the worsening of the weather and the comingstorm...
In the field of 3D sound we still have the opportunity to enjoy a very exciting battle between Aureal andCreative. In fact, this topic as well as the "show" itself is a very interesting thing. However, Creative andAureal are not the only members of the PC 3D sound market: quite a lot of other companies represented there canboast their own products and corresponding achievements. Unfortunately, the world market is now dominated mostlyby Aureal and Creative products. However, their competitors don't give in and do their best to get a guaranteedplace under the sun. Today we are very anxious to tell you about PCI 368DSP soundcard from Aztech. Why are we soexcited about it? It's very simple. Some time ago, somewhere in 1992, if we are not mistaken, one of our colleagueswas looking for a sound card for his 386 computer. He went to the shop and was offered a choice of SoundBlaster 16from Creative and SoundGalaxy Orion16 from Aztech. At that time nobody, including the soundcards manufacturers, hadany ideas of a real 3D sound. So, our friend decided on a sound card from Aztech. And one of the determining factorswas the possibility to also buy a daughter card with an FM-tuner for a small extra payment. In general, he was verysatisfied with the purchase and enjoyed his new Orion. You are probably wondering why we are telling you all this? Andthe reasons that guided us come from the situation in the sound market, which had long been beloved by Aztech. And wehave to admit that Aztech sound cards cost much cheaper than those by Creative and could boast some unique featuresabsent by the cards from SoundBlaster family, such as the already mentioned FM-tuner, for instance. However, Aztechlittle by little left the territory and one day totally disappeared from the stage. However, the company reshuffledits structure and started dealing with not only sound cards but also acoustics, modems and graphics adapters. And todaywe will speak about a graphics card designed and sold by Aztech, which is relatively new for the sound market. As we havealready mentioned above, the card possesses a puzzling industrial name - PCI 368DSP, and is based on ThunderBird 128 chipfrom VLSI. This chip is especially interesting due to the provided hardware support of QSound Labs sound technologies.
PCI 368DSP sound card is supplied in a small box, which contains the card itself, a CD-disk with the drivers and theaccompanying software, CD-Audio cable and a tiny user's manual.
The supplied software includes demo programs, software sound synthesizer from Yamaha and Clef Studio 3.0 packageintended for sound playback, editing and recording.
On the one hand, this package seems to be rather poor, although the soft synthesizer is still an indisputableadvantage. On the other hand, if we put up with the absence of games among the accompanying software, then a moredetailed user's manual could be just irreplaceable. From the manual, which goes together with the card you can onlylearn to install the driver and that's it. You won't find even the basic sound card parameters. If you are notsatisfied with the contents of the manual, you may take a look at a more detailed version provided on a CD-disk inpdf-format, which has everything you may need. Note that this card is sold in retail for $25, in other words thepackage fully corresponds to its price.
The heart of the card is ThunderBird 128 (VT21702) DSP chip from VLSI. This DSP comes from the second generationVLSI ActiMedia architecture.
- ThunderBird 128 chip made with 0.35 micron technology
- 160-pin MQFP ThunderBird 128 chip package
- The card is equipped with an external SigmaTel STAC9704T 18-bit AC'97 codec
- Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the DAC and mixer out: >95dB
- SNR at the analogue out: 98dB
- SNR at the DAC out: 96dB
- SNR at the ADC out: 87dB
- 0.02% total harmonic distortions
- Crosstalk between input channels: -70dB
- Sampling frequency: up to 48KHz, Full-duplex supported
- Play through 2 or 4 speakers and headphones
- External connectors: 2 buffered stereo line outputs, one of them supports headphones (front channel), microphone and line inputs
- Built-in connectors: MPU-401 MIDI/Game Port, Wavetable Header, MPC2 (Modem, CD, AUX), MPC3 CD-Audio connector
- Q3D, Q3D 2.0 and QEM engines hardware support
- API support: DirectSound (DS), DirectSound3D (DS3D), DirectInput
- A3D 1.0 using Q3D
- EAX 1.0 using Q3D 2.0
- SB and SB Pro support in DOS applications
- Hardware support for 64 streams of DS sound, besides the support of another 64 streams can be provided by the CPU,which makes altogether 128 simultaneous streams
- Hardware support for parallel operation of 64 streams of DS3D-sound
- 64 hardware Wavetable voices + 256 software voices
- QSurround to 2 or 4 speakers with the virtualization of DVD multi-channel audio
- QMSS (QSound Multi-Speaker System) expands normal stereo sources to 4 channel audio
- QXpander conversion of ordinary stereo signal to 3D output signal
- DLS 1.0 support
- PCI 2.1 interface
- Minimum system requirements: PentiumMMX 166MHz, 16MB RAM, Win95
Here we would like to draw your attention to one pretty interesting thing. The utilized STAC9704T codec is designedfor one stereo out, which serves to connect 2 acoustic speakers. On the sound card, however, there are 2 stereo line outs.At the same time ThunderBird 128 chip supports 2 channels played through 2 speakers each, but it also allows usingadditional music DAC for another 2 channels, which can be played through 2 rear speakers. 368DSP sound card has onlyone single DAC. The thing is that STAC9704 is capable of sending to 2 line outs a stereo signal encoded for the playbackthrough 4 speakers using a line out and the so called true line level out. If you are curious about more details on thematter, you may download the corresponding .pdf file from SigmaTel web-site. This feature of the codec to provide twostereo signals is beautifully fit for the end-signal produced by QSound technologies. And as for some particular soundtechnologies, we will return to them a bit later in our review.
The sound card got installed very quickly and without any problem.
Yamaha software synthesizer was installed as default, and in the system tray appeared a new icon for sound card controlpanel quick start.
It seems highly attractive that all the drivers and software can be completely and very easily removed, which is a verygood form.
368DSP card control panel looks very familiar if we compare it to those of other sound cards, such as Vortex2. There areseveral properties pages where you can change some settings for your sound card.
Mixer settings and CD Player
The type of the connected acoustics and special effects
QEM settings
And Now a Bit of Theory
Let's dwell on the main technologies provided by QSound Labs and supported by 368DSP card on ThunderBird 128 chip.
The present day situation in the PC sound market looks as follows. QSound can now boast strong and stable positionsonly in the field of sound playback through headphones and 2-speakers. QSound composes its algorithms for playing 3Dsound through headphones basing on the results obtained during tests with real people listening. In other words, puremath1ematics is no longer enough for QSound: they are now focusing on the human perception of the sound. All in all,they carried out over 55,000 listening sessions. In case of headphones, all the companies usually resort to an alreadytraditional approach: HRTF filters, amplitude and time differences between the two signals reaching the listener's ears.However, as soon as it comes to 3D sound playback via speakers, QSound take their own unique way.
To play back the positional sound in 3D environment QSound engineers worked out two algorithms: Q1 and Q2, which are includedinto the sound engine under the code name Q3D. Q1 algorithm is aimed at processing sound streams, which will be played throughthe speakers, and Q2 algorithm is intended for the sound playback through the headphones. Both of them make use of absolutelydifferent filters and sound processing algorithms. Each algorithm takes an arbitrated monophonic signal and applies to itcertain 3D sound source localization filters. As a result, the end stereo signal acquires the info about the location of thesound source represented as time, phase and amplitude differences. Operating the given parameters in a certain way you canchange the sound as if the sound source was moving in the environment. In most cases it is possible to change the filterparameters in real time regime. Besides, the algorithms can be also applied to a few separate signals, and then theresulting stereo signals have to be summed up into one united signal, which contains all the info about the location ofeach sound source taken separately. Moreover, the algorithms can be applied during the signals mixing, which definitelycontributes to the overall efficiency increase and reduces the requirements to the available CPU resources. Q2 algorithmsapply HRTF filters using time and amplitude signal differences. Q1 algorithms can create 4 separate resulting signals,which allows using four-component acoustic systems. Q1 doesn't involve cross-talk cancellation algorithms and hence savescomputing capacity. And since Q1 is based on the results obtained during real listening experiments, the user is free tochoose the speakers type and their location. That's why the rear speakers are usually provided with ordinary panoraming.
Besides the basic algorithms used to create positional 3D sound, there are also some extra parameters, which help tomake the sound closer to reality. Among these special parameters we can list sampling rate (for instance, to create Dopplereffect), selected sounds volume regulation for correct mixing. And in order to avoid some hearable artifacts when thesampling rate is changed, there are special interpolation algorithms.
To add more realism to the created acoustic model, the developers used such environmental effects as controllablereverberation. QSound designed a special QEM engine for the realization of this reverb effect.
QSound aimes at using DirectSound3D interface from Microsoft that's why Q3D engine bases on DS3D. Q3D 2.0 is alreadyprovided with reverberation support. ThunderBird 128 chip is a DSP and supports Q1 and Q2 algorithms as well as signalmixing and extra effects on the hardware level.
QEM (QSound Environmental Modelling) is a sound rendering engine, which allows reproducing realistic reverberationwith the help of EAX 1.0 from Creative. QEM works via EAX 1.0 and is controlled by Q3D 2.0. Besides, QEM permits addingreverberation to games without EAX 1.0 support running via API DS. QEM reproduces environmental acoustics andreverberations of a certain quality, because it takes into account such factors as room size and construction materialsforming the environmental objects. In fact, we can expect QEM 2.0 to be EAX 2.0 and I3DL2 compatible.
QXpander allows increasing the sound field when playing an ordinary stereo sound. This technology is based on Q1algorithm. The sound field grows because the sound sources are moved as far as possible from each other. In this caseall mono signals are duplicated in both sound channels.
QSurround allows playing multi-channel sound, like Dolby Digital, through 2 speakers with surround sound effect thanksto the used Q1algorythm. In this situation there appears a phantom central channel, the front channel sound gets muchbetter due to the added low frequency channel ".1" and the system creates virtual speakers for the side and rear signals,so that to make all the signals sound as if they were played through multiple speakers and not just two. And the subwoofermay also be working in this case. So, since the info about the side and rear signals remains, QSurround provides not justa stereo sound with surround effect. By the way, QSurround possesses a Dolby Labs certificate for Dolby Logic and DolbyDigital. We would also like to point out that there is absolutely no multi-channel sound decoding.
To play the sound through 4 speakers QSound uses QMSS technology, which allows playing the ordinary stereo soundthrough 4 (and more) speakers due to the ability to create separate sound channels. Note that QMSS doesn't simplyrepeat the front speakers signal in the rear ones. It simply creates 4 (or more) separate channels instead, andeach of these channels carries the info required to correctly model a surround stereo. In this case the rearspeakers may also get an additional reverberation effect, which makes the sound heard easier to perceive. It ispeculiar of QMSS technology that it uses 4 speakers for the sound playback if the sound card is equipped withcodec of STAC9704 type.
Unfortunately, QMSS technology is unfit for games. However, QSound is now actively developing a new 3D soundtechnology, which will work for 4 and more speakers and will be intended for 3D positional audio. A new technologywill be supported in ThunderBird's successor - a new ThunderBird Avenger DSP chip.
We would like to stress once again: QSound Labs believe that it is not that important for sound modeling how andby means of what algorithms it is actually done. The main thing is how the listener perceives the modeled sound. Andin fact, QSound is very famous for successful algorithms and reasonable involvement of the available resources (by theway, the resource manager licensed by Microsoft and included into DirectX was developed by this particular company).
And Now a Bit of Practice
The testing system was configured as follows:
- Intel Celeron 300A o/c 450MHz
- Chaintech 6BTM (i440BX)
- RAM 256MB PC100 from SEC
- Chaintech Desperado RI41 (RIVA TNT2, 32MB) drv. ref. 3.56
- HDD Fujitsu 6.5GB UDMA33
- DVD ROM Hitachi GD2000
- Sound Cards:
- Diamond MX300 (drv. 2048b14)
- Creative SB Live! Player 1024 (Liveware 3.0)
- Aztech PCI 368DSP (drv. 1.25)
- Speakers: Cambridge Sound Works FPS1000
- Headphones: Sennheiser HD590
- Windows98+DX7
First let's say a few words about MIDI playback. ThunderBird 128 chip supports 64-voice polyphony on the hardware level.However, the standard control panel doesn't provide you with the opportunity to upload any external sound bank. As defaultyou will get tbird128.dls, which is supplied together with 368DSP.
As you can see, the setting is severely limited to a very vague term - Studio Quality. However, you can also add sucheffects as reverb, chorus, Game and Max Polyphony. We failed to distinguish all these effects by hearing, but it is verysubjective and it may be our bad ear. Simple as that...
Besides, 368DSP card is also accompanied with a software synthesizer by Yamaha - SoftSynthesizer S-YXG50 v.3.0.02.02,which allows playing MIDI files with a 256-voice polyphony. Yamaha synthesizer offers you a choice of 676 differentinstruments and 3 types of effects (reverb, chorus and their combo). You may also choose the level of CPU utilizationwhen using the synthesizer.
The sound provided by Yamaha software synthesizer is very rich. That is why if you are fond of listening to MIDI,you won't be disappointed. Moreover, in our system the CPU utilization was not exceeding 30% while the quality and theamount of voices were set to their maximum.
We tested this sound card with synthetic tests as well as in real applications. Here we want to note right away thatthe sound perception is a very subjective process. Every person hears the sound in his unique way. It is very difficultto describe verbally what you actually feel when you hear this or that sound and besides, the impressions provided by anumber of experiment participants are very unlikely to coincide. That is why you'd better take everything you will readbelow only as something to think of in the meanwhile. Ideally, each of you should listen to it himself and make his ownconclusions.
You should bear in mind that all the tests were run with the headphones on and through the 2 speakers with a subwoofer.We used the configuration with 4 speakers and a subwoofer only when listening to CD Audio and watching DVD video. The thingis that you can use all the 4 speakers to the full extent only in these two cases, because in other situations the sound issimply duplicated and the rear speakers play the same thing as the front ones. Besides, the volume level of the rear speakersis very low and cannot be regulated, and the sound quality is very bad, so that you can even hear background noises similar tothe white noise.
In older games, which use only DirectSound interface without EAX 1.0 support, you will be able to activate QEM engine andhence to reproduce reverberation effects. In this respect, you have to go to 368DSP control panel and choose the desiredreverberation type for your game. Reverberation really works in Quake2, for instance, however, it remains unchanged forthe whole game and if you are interested in our personal opinion, the sound there leaves much to be desired. Besides, youmay also activate 2D to 3D regime, which is in fact very similar to QXpander because the algorithms used are the same Q1.When listening through headphones, it is possible to use QEM only.
If the game supports EAX 1.0, then you should enable QEM support in the control panel. However, you don't need to selectany particular reverberation effect, but leave it set to Generic, so that the game acoustics could change dynamically fromone level to another and even when you move from room to room.
Minerva 1.08 test didn't show anything particular. It only set the number of sound streams supported (2D and 3D) equal to256. However, the reproduced mixed sound was not very clear and we could even hear some crackling noises and notice the tonedeformation. We believe it has to do with the imperfection of Minerva test.
We took the card's amplitude-frequency response (hereinafter called AFR) with the help of Sound Analyser test. Especiallyfor this purpose we connected the line in and out with a loop. All the measurements were carried out five times and then wepicked out the best result.
As you can see, the AFR graph of 368DSP card is rather level. The card owes it mainly to high quality of thecodec by SigmaTel.
ZD Labs Audio Winbench99 test served to get the CPU utilization and to subjectively estimate the sound quality withDirectSound and DirectSound3D interfaces.
The tests aimed at subjective sound perception finished successfully. We don't have any specific remarks here. Thesound positioned well, although even with the headphones on we could feel that the sound was slightly moved forward.
All the sound cards tested support 32 hardware DS3D streams. Here are the results obtained in the CPU utilizationtest taken for the sampling rate equal to 44.1KHz with 16bit precision:
|SB Live! Player
|Static: Voice 8
|Static: Voice 16
|Static: Voice 32
|Streaming: Voice 8
|Streaming: Voice 16
|Streaming: Voice 32
It is clear that the card on Vortex2 shows very low CPU utilization, while the card on ThunderBird 128 showed thehighest CPU utilization of all. Nevertheless, even a 6% CPU utilization is still very-very little. We have to mentionthat all the tests using API DS showed absolutely the same results.
With the help of demo programs included in the supply we can evaluate the sound perception with the help of Q3D engineby QSound. Note that all demos are started from a CD, i.e. they don't get copied to your disk during installation.
Space Junk demo presents a virtual world where you can move. In this world you meet some objects, which can also moveand emit various sounds. You can come across 8 sound sources at a time. Moving in this virtual world you can sometimesclose your eyes and check if you are detecting the type and the location of the sound source correctly. You can alsodisable hardware sound support and listen to the software emulation.
The second demo program is called Wumpus. This program is also intended to show sound sources positioning with the help ofQ3D. However, here the developers chose a very extraordinary approach: you don't have to close your eyes to evaluate thepositioning quality. This demo is none other but an arcade game imitator and you have to shoot all these wampuses, whichyou can't see but can hear. In fact, you aim your rifle guided only by what you hear.
The third demo is a "free" version of a music editor. This idea is also rather unusual because the user doesn't need tohave any specific skills in composing music. All you should be able to do is just move your mouse or joystick.
In order to estimate the CPU utilization level in real applications we turned to Heretic II game, which supports A3D 2.0and DS3D+EAX 1.0.
We used ntdemo.hd2 (120KB) and Heretic II with 1.4 patch (with the older patches it doesn't work). The sampling rate wasset to 22KHz on the game settings page (High).
At first we ran the game in Software Rendering mode at 320x240@16bpp, i.e. when all the graphics is calculated by the systemCPU. Here is what we've got:
|No sound
|SB Live! EAX 1.0
|MX300 A3D 2.0 w/o WTr
|Software Rendering 320x240@16bpp
|39.8 fps
|37.5 fps
|37.5 fps
|34.7 fps
|32.6 fps
|34.9 fps
Wavetracing (WTr) support was disabled with "s-geometry 0" command.
We would like to point out that when we used A3D 2.0 with the old a3dapi.dll (v.2.10) library, we got 18.5fps. The newa3dapi.dll - version 2.25.
Now let's enable hardware graphics output acceleration through API OpenGL and take another look at the results:
|No sound
|SB Live! EAX 1.0
|MX300 A3D 2.0 w/o WTr
|OGL 640x480@16bpp
|82.1 fps
|74.6 fps
|73.8 fps
|66.5 fps
|63.3 fps
|67.4 fps
|OGL 1024x768@16bpp
|58.8 fps
|58.1 fps
|58.1 fps
|56.9 fps
|56.9 fps
|57.0 fps
So, what can we conclude taking into account the results obtained? All sound cards tested more or less utilize the systemCPU. In general, it is not a discovery for us. We can see that the most CPU consuming appears Wavetracing. On the other hand,there are not so many people playing games in Software Rendering mode. Hardware graphics acceleration frees some CPU resources.Besides, at 640x480 the graphics card performance is restricted by the CPU abilities and that's why the difference in CPUutilization for the sound is very tangible no matter how insignificant it may seem. However, at larger resolutions, such as1024x768, it appears not the CPU but the graphics card, which limits the system performance, so, the choice of a sound cardis no longer so dependent on the CPU utilization level.
Note that SB Live! cards and 368DSP utilize the system CPU on almost the same level.
Of course, we used the games in order to get a clear picture of the features of 368DSP sound card. Just in case you forgot:ThunderBird 128 chip provides hardware support for the 3D positional audio engine - Q3D working through API DS3D. Besides, wehave also involved QEM reverberation engine working through EAX 1.0 interface.
We used the headphones and speakers in the following games: Heretic II, Half Life, Unreal Tournament, Baldur's Gate, NeedFor Speed: HS, Thief: The Dark Project and some more. QSound utilizes its own peculiar solutions during the sound playbackthrough Q3D engine. We have every reason to state that the sound playback through 2 speakers was very good. We think that368DSP proved there even better than SB Live! and almost as good as MX300. Well, QSound deserved our congratulations for awell done Q3D engine. As for the sounding through the headphones, it yields a bit to MX300, but easily surpasses Live!.
Speaking about the reverberation quality, we can't recall any difference in the way the games sounded with 368DSP and SBLive!. Although sometimes the reverb effect provided by 368DSP seemed a bit harder than that provide by Live!. And the maindifference lied not in the reverberation quality but in the general impression made by the sound. We would like to stress onemore time that every listener hears all sounds differently: if we miss something, then you may probably notice it and vice versa.
368DSP sound card supports A3D 1.0. This purely software support is provided by Q3D engine. It converts A3D 1.0 calls intofunction calls in DS3D. We checked A3D 1.0 support in Thief: everything was just perfect. We wish it also supported A3D 2.0,however, Aureal doesn't let its competitors introduce this feature in their sound chips. In fact, no one can guaranteeimpeccable performance of 368DSP sound card in all games supporting A3D 1.0. Take for instance, Heretic II. We failed to runthis game with sound through API A3D 1.0 unless we installed the patches adding A3D 2.0 support.
We feel like reminding you that the support of A3D 1.0 only doesn't allow 368DSP card to compete with those based on Vortex2chip, which can boast A3D 2.0 hardware support. In fact, another version - A3D 3.0 is already appearing and probably Aureal willchange its position in terms of A3D 2.0. Well, we'll see...
If we compare the sound produced with Q3D (with QEM) to that produced with A3D 2.0, we would probably vote for dynamicallychanging sound sources obtained basing on the environment geometry and for early sound reflections rather than for staticreverberation and Q3D positioning. However, we do not impose our opinion: tastes differ.
QEM 2.0 is expected to support EAX 2.0 and I3DL2, which will be improved towards higher dynamics of reverberation effectsby means of added occlusions and obstructions. Besides, EAX 2.0 and I3DL2 will be reversibly compatible with EAX 1.0. If youare curious to see how it all works, you may take a look at EAX 2.0 demo from Creative. Now it isn't yet clear if QEM 2.0support will be introduced into 368DSP drivers. If it is made there, then 368DSP sound card will undoubtedly gain inattractiveness, because its service time will get much longer. And in the meanwhile we can be only sure that 368DSP isjust a good modern sound card, which provides beautiful sounding in games when played through 2 speakers and competitivesounding quality in headphones.
Anyway, every technology has its cons and pros. We believe that one day all sound chips manufacturers will introducereverberation and wavetracing support into their products. All we can do is just wait. To tell the truth, Aureal seems toturn out the first company supporting all the technologies listed above. New API A3D 3.0 allows using reverberation effectstogether with wavetracing. Actually, QSound is also very unlikely to be keeping hands in pockets that's why we can hope tosee something fresh new pretty soon. By the way, QSound web-site sells various utilities, which allow us for instance, toplay mp3 files with surround sound effect.
We listened to the sound played by 368DSP from a DVD and a CD disk. It was very nice indeed. When all 4 speakers are active,QMSS technology is used, which makes the sound perception undoubtedly better. The card doesn't support any multi-channel sounddecoding, however, the sound quality is nevertheless very high and can be compared even to Dolby Pro Logic quality. In the nearfuture QSound is planning to modify QMSS, so that it will be possible to reproduce all types of the sound through 5.1 acousticsystems.
With QXpander the sound is very good, however, 2 speakers will hardly be enough after you've heard the 4. But if youare hard up or lack room, you will by more than pleased with this solution from QSound, which provides an excellent soundthrough only 2 speakers.
The retail price on 368DSP sound card is about $25. For this considerably small money you get a good sound card supportingsound playback through the headphones and 2/4 speakers using Q3D and QEM via API DS3D and EAX 1.0. Besides, it also supportsA3D 1.0. In fact, you will be able to hear 3D sound in most games available in the market today. Since 368DSP card is anabsolutely fully-fledged PCI card with hardware sound playback and mixing support, you will also get the whole bunch of suchpleasant trifles as simultaneous reproduction of different sound streams, including 2D and 3D. For instance, you can run a CDplayer, an mp3 player, FM radio and a favorite game, and all the sounds will be played at one and the same time. All you haveto do is just to set the volumes according to your preferences and that's it.
- Low price
- Excellent sound through 2 speakers
- EAX 1.0 support
- A3D 1.0 support
- QXpander
- QMSS during CD Audio playback and DVD watching
- Software synthesizer from Yamaha included
- Wavetable connector for an external hardware synthesizer
- No sound through 4 speakers in games
- No equalizer
- No additional sound banks uploading
- Unclear situation with EAX 2.0 and I3DL2
- No digital out of S/PDIF type
We mentioned the absence of digital out (like S/PDIF) among the drawbacks of this product, because today this functionalfeature is practically becoming a standard. Today you can easily buy 5.1 acoustics accompanied by multi-channel decoders. Andsince there is what to connect then it should be possible to connect it.
It is also worth mentioning that reverberation effects cannot be applied to the sound during CD Audio and mp3 playback, whichis possible with SB Live! cards. However, we didn't list this item among the card's lows on purpose. Frankly speaking, we don'tthink that CD sound needs any extra effects. On the other hand, however, some of you may like it. That is why we decided simplyto state the fact and to let you make your own conclusions.
Considering the card's features, it is undoubtedly better than the cheaper sound cards on Vortex (AU8820) and Vortex Advantage(AU8810). In games supporting EAX 1.0 368DSP and SB Live! run neck and neck, with the only exception of 4 speakers output. Nowthere is no info about EAX 2.0 and I3DL2 support. However, it is very likely to be introduced especially since it has beenalready announced for the new ThunderBird Avenger, which will soon replace ThunderBird 128.
In terms of 2 speakers output, 368DSP card is an indisputable leader. That is why if you prefer to listen to the soundthrough 2 speakers and a subwoofer, then you should definitely decide on Aztech. And trust us: you won't be disappointed.
Now there are sound cards on HSP ForteMedia FM801-AS chip, which also support Q3D and QEM and are equipped with 2 lineouts. Note that at first sight they seem very similar to 368DSP on DSP ThunderBird 128 chip. However, sound cards on HSPForteMedia FM801-AS cost less than $15! What's the difference then? And the thing is that ThunderBird 128 is a DSP, whichimplies that all algorithms of Q3D are processed on the hardware level. ForteMedia FM801-AS chip is a HSP, i.e. Host-basedSignal Processing. It means that Q3D engine works due to the system CPU and the sound is modeled on the software level. So,if you decide to save 10 bucks, then you have to bear in mind that there will be fewer fps in games in this case than witha ThunderBird 128 based card.
So, if you are looking for a low-cost sound solution for the nearest 6 months, then 368DSP sound card based on ThunderBird128 chip and supporting QSound Labs technologies is exactly what you need. Besides, if you are tired of arguing about thecompetition between Vortex2 cards and SB Live!, then you will get a beautiful opportunity to stay aside and to watch thewhole thing passively.
Since we have mentioned ThunderBird Avenger chip, let's say a few words about it too. You probably know that Philipsbought VLSI and that VLSI keeps working in the field of DSP sound cards development. In 2000 the market should see a newDSP chip aka ThunderBird Avenger. This chip fully corresponds to the main tendencies of the PC sound technologies.ThunderBird Avenger chip has Q3D 2.0, QSurround and QMSS hardware support. It also supports the conversion of differentmedia types (CD Audio, MP3, MIDI, gaming sound) and further 6-channel output for playback through 5.1 acoustic systems.The chip has S/PDIF out to connect external receivers. In fact, ThunderBird Avenger can boast new version of QMSS, however,as for the AC-3 streams hardware decoding, there won't be any. The chip will work through API DS3D, EAX 1.0 and A3D 1.0; besides,it will also support EAX 2.0 and I3DL2. Well, we can only patiently wait for the first sound cards on ThunderBird Avenger to appearin the market. And among some other interesting features, we can mention up 96 DS3D sound streams at a time and in case of DS sound -up to 256 streams.


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Home List of Titles Hubble Space Telescope survey of the Perseus cluster: IV: compact stellar systems in the Perseus cluster core and ultracompact dwarf formation in star-forming filaments
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/219703
- Title
- Hubble Space Telescope survey of the Perseus cluster: IV: compact stellar systems in the Perseus cluster core and ultracompact dwarf formation in star-forming filaments
- Author(s)
- Penny, Samantha J.; Forbes, Duncan A.; Conselice, Christopher J.
- Abstract
- We present the results of the first search for ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) in the Perseus cluster core, including the region of the cluster around the unusual brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275. Utilizing Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging, we identify a sample of 84 UCD candidates with half-light radii 10 < re < 57 pc out to a distance of 250 kpc from the cluster centre, covering a total survey area of ∼70 arcmin2. All UCDs in Perseus lie in the same size–luminosity locus seen for confirmed UCDs in other regions of the local Universe. The majority of UCDs are brighter than MR=−10.5, and lie on an extrapolation of the red sequence followed by the Perseus cluster dwarf elliptical population to fainter magnitudes. However, three UCD candidates in the vicinity of NGC 1275 are very blue, with colours (B−R)0 < 0.6 implying a cessation of star formation within the past 100 Myr. Furthermore, large blue star clusters embedded in the star-forming filaments are highly indicative that both proto-globular clusters (GCs) and proto UCDs are actively forming at the present day in Perseus. We therefore suggest star-forming filaments as a formation site for some UCDs, with searches necessary in other low redshift analogues of NGC 1275 necessary to test this hypothesis. We also suggest that tidal disruption of dwarf galaxies is another formation channel for UCD formation in the core of Perseus as tidal disruption is ongoing in this region as evidenced by shells around NGC 1275. Finally, UCDs may simply be massive GCs based on strong similarities in the colour trends of the two populations.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
- Source
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 422, no. 1 (May 2012), pp. 885-901
- Publication year
- 2012
- FOR Code(s)
- 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences
- Keyword(s)
- Galaxy clusters; Perseus cluster; Dwarf galaxies; Star clusters
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- 0035-8711
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2012 The Author. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society copyright © 2012 RAS.
- Additional information
- Supported by a DEEWR Endeavour Post-doctoral Award; an Australian Research Council Super Science Fellowship; the STFC; and the Leverhulme Trust.
- Peer reviewed


text:
Day 2 SummaryHeather McMahon | February 22, 2010
Today I went to a number of talks. I began at the symposium on Amyloids in Human Disease. I enjoyed hearing about the different ways that people study this important topic. I particularly liked Charles Glabe's talk on "Structural Diversity of amyloid Oligomers," which did a great job of differentiating between amyloids at their different stages (pre-fibrillar oligomers, Fibrillar oligomers, and Fibrils). After a much needed snack break, in which I managed to secure one of the precious annual Avanti t-shirts, I moved onto the Interfacial Protein-Lipid Interactions platform. I only stayed for the first 3 talks, but they were all very interesting. As someone who works with a peptide-membrane system, I know very little about membranes in general, so these talks provided me with some much needed background information.
I made it to the last couple talks in the Physical Chemistry of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, which was nice to hear more about techniques with which I am more familiar. After a good lunch at Luna Azul in the Metreon (I would give it a 3.5/5, and no I did not make the face this time), we spent a significant amount of time getting free stuff the vendors and checking out the posters. It was nice to see such a range of research interests all in one room, but still be able to learn about specific topics if you so desired.
The final platform of the day that I attended was Membrane Structure I. Again, it was nice to hear authorities on the topic of membrane structure talk about their research. The talks by Amirmohamad Keyvanloo, Iris van Uitert, and Liana Silva were particularly informative for the current problems I am trying to solve on my own research project.


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A TV writer takes on Bill ClintonJuly 24,2013
By Jim Lowe
Staff Writer
"OK, dogs, politics … Montpelier. How can we miss?" Kathleen Keenan said of what's up next in Lost Nation Theater's celebration of its 25th year as theater-in-residence at Montpelier City Hall Arts Center.
For an even bigger chance of success, Lost Nation chose as a subject a most well-liked, albeit controversial, president.
Lost Nation Theater will present veteran Rochester actor Ethan Bowen in "My Buddy Bill," Rick Cleveland's one-man comic tale of real and imagined conversations with Bill Clinton, Aug. 1-11.
"It's a guy who wrote shows for 'West Wing' and 'Six Feet Under,' so he's clearly a good TV writer," Bowen said in a recent interview.
"I like it," he said. "It's like you're sitting at a kitchen table with a beer and this really good storyteller is telling you a good yarn – the feeling of sitting around a pot bellied stove and (Sen. Patrick) Leahy telling you a story."
Cleveland himself performed "My Buddy Bill" himself on stage and, in 2008, on television for Comedy Central.
"Part travelogue, part insight into the strange world of adult male friendship," reported Anthony Layser in TV Guide at the time, "Cleveland presents his relationship with Clinton in such imaginative detail that audiences who have seen the show have been left wondering what is fact and what is fiction."
In the "West Wing" period, Cleveland ends up visiting the Oval Office.
"He's scratching Bill Clinton's dog's ear and Clinton walks in, and the dog peed all over the carpet," Bowen said. "That moment bonded them in a way. They started talking. My character does something to stop the dog peeing."
Cleveland and Clinton begin meeting and talking together. They walk on the beach; they meet in Arkansas; they travel to London where Cleveland's play is being premiered.
"He's a great storyteller," Bowen said of Cleveland. "It's all these little details about Clinton and his world. This guy, all through it, is 'I can't believe this story is happening to me.'"
After the first story, Cleveland describes his dad was an alcoholic bus driver, his mother was a drill press operator in a factory, while he almost dropped out of high school.
"It's sort of the all-American story when even a high school stoner can end up walking on the beach and having a chat with the president," Bown said.
The show works, in part, because Clinton really likes people, people from all walks of life – and, of course, all the women.
"But the sense of Clinton connecting, and really enjoying connecting with people, is what's really clear in this," Bowen said. "It's both the journey with this guy, this set of extraordinary series events and this vision of a down-home version of Clinton."
There are five sections and each one is a different meeting with Clinton.
"I just get up there and tell this story of how it happens – from the very beginning to how it ends up ending, it's a little bittersweet."
For Bowen, preparing this role is quite different from learning a straight play.
"The big thing here is that your relationship with the audience," he said. "You're telling a story to the audience so it's very much, 'Hi, how are you? Welcome to my world.'
There are parts that are easier and others that are more difficult.
"I don't have to imagine myself in a deep place," Bowen said. "The big thing is that I can prepare myself as much as I want in rehearsal, but I don't know how it will go in front of an audience – because that's the other character in the play. And every audience is different."
"It's a wonderful yarn," Bowen said. "I don't think this guy would let the truth stand in the way of a good story. But probably all of it happened."
Lost Nation Theater
Lost Nation Theater presents Ethan Bowen in "My Buddy Bill," a one-man comedy by Rick Cleveland, Aug. 1-11 at City Hall Arts Center, 39 Main St. in Montpelier. Performances are at 7 p.m. Thursdays and Sundays, except 3 p.m. on Aug. 11; 8 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays; plus a 2 p.m. matinee Saturday, Aug. 3. Tickets are $30-$15; call 802-229-0492, or go online to lostnationtheater.org.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER A new report from a commission that studied the cost, availability and quality of... Full StoryVermont fish hatchery changes focus, looks inland
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Arthritis is a general term that literally means "inflammation of the joints." The most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear and tear on joint cartilage. Another form is rheumatoid arthritis, which causes joint inflammation due to an immune system disorder. This section only addresses osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis affects nearly 27 million Americans and is the most common cause of long-term disability. It is caused by degeneration of the cartilage in joints. Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, not only reduces elasticity and lubrication in the joints, but weakens muscles and loosens ligaments. This degeneration of cartilage can occur in any joints, but is most common in the knees, hips, hands, neck, and lower back.
The biggest risk factors for osteoarthritis are simply aging and joint use, but osteoarthritis can also be due to obesity, injury, nutritional factors, metabolic disorders, and genetics.
Most people over age 60 have osteoarthritis to some degree, but its severity varies. Even people in their 20s and 30s can get osteoarthritis. In people over 50, more women than men get osteoarthritis.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis most often develop gradually and include:
The degree of arthritis seen on x-ray studies or arthroscopy doesn't directly correlate with the level of pain or disability someone experiences.
Conventional treatments for arthritis begin with protecting the joint from progressive joint degeneration, increasing joint movement, and providing pain control so that the individual can maintain a healthy, active lifestyle. When pain and disability from arthritis increase, surgery is an option.
Treatments that focus on pain control include:
When pain from arthritis cannot be controlled with medication, surgery is sometimes an option. The most common surgeries done for arthritis are:
Lifestyle changes that protect the joint from progressive cartilage degeneration include:
Studies done on people with mild to moderate osteoarthritis consistently show that regular exercise, including aerobics [7], strength training [8], and range of motion/flexibility [9], improves pain, increases walking tolerance, and decreases self-assessed disability.
This especially applies to those with knee arthritis. Using a cane, walker, or wedged insoles to help distribute the weight on joints can be helpful.
Staying physically active [10] when you have arthritis is important because arthritis pain is typically worse after excessive activity as well as inactivity.
It is important to eliminate activities that cause joint wear and tear, such as running and high-impact aerobics.
Optimizing weight to reduce stress on the joints is important for both prevention and for decreasing symptoms and progression of disease. Losing weight helps reduce stress and strain on joints. In fact, for every pound of weight loss there is a four pound reduction in the load exerted on the knee.
In one study, a 10% weight loss led to a 28% improvement in function. Weight loss appears to alleviate more than just direct mechanical stress, because lowering body mass also improves the course of disease in the hand and wrist joints. Also, diabetics experience more severe osteoarthritis than those without diabetes [11], so if you have type 2 diabetes, losing weight could improve your arthritis both on its own and by possibly eliminating your diabetes.
An anti-inflammatory diet [12]—that is, one low in saturated fats like red meat, dairy, and fried food—may help reduce the inflammatory process in the joints. Increasing Omega-3 fatty acids may also help this balance. Some individuals may have symptomatic improvement with the elimination of nightshades (tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, peppers, tobacco). A 2-3 week trial is worth considering.
In several US survey studies, many older patients with arthritis reported using complementary and alternative treatments. The most commonly used treatments were massage therapy [4] (57%) and chiropractic [14](21%). The use of complementary therapies for arthritis was most common among those who considered themselves in poorer health and who also used traditional healthcare resources more.
Multiple studies have been done on the use of acupuncture [6] for the pain of osteoarthritis. In a recent trial of almost 600 patients with knee arthritis, 26 weeks of acupuncture were compared to education sessions. Those receiving acupuncture showed significant improvement in function at 8 weeks, and in pain reduction at 26 weeks.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a program of meditation [15] and gentle yoga [3]that has been scientifically validated. It is currently used in more than 200 hospitals and medical centers to complement the medical management of chronic pain and stress [16]-related disorders. Research has studied individuals with many different kinds of pain (not just arthritis) and shown dramatic reductions in pain levels and an enhanced ability of individuals to cope with pain that may not go away.
Yoga [3]is a holistic discipline, including mental, physical, and breathwork [17] practices. A pilot study has shown that yoga may provide a feasible treatment option for obese patients over 50 years old and offers potential reductions in pain and disability caused by knee osteoarthritis.
The level of effectiveness of manual therapy with arthritis is under-researched; however, there are clinical reports of effectiveness, and some early studies are very promising.
One study of over 100 patients with osteoarthritis in the hip compared a five-week manual therapy program, including manipulations and joint mobilization, to an exercise [10] program. Eighty-one percent of individuals had general perceived improvement after manual therapies, while only 50% experienced that in the exercise group. Patients in the manual therapy group had significantly better outcomes on pain, stiffness, hip function, and range of motion. These improvements lasted through at least 29 weeks.
There have been limited studies on the effectiveness of osteopathic [18] manipulation alone. However, studies of osteopathy combined with conventional medical care show that the combination was more effective than conventional medical care alone for individuals with chronic pain syndromes from degenerative joint disease.
Early studies have shown massage therapy [4] to be efficacious in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, though long-term-costs studies have not yet been done.
Ice massage can be used to improve range of motion and strength of the knee, and improve function. Cold packs may be used to decrease swelling.
There are some naturally occurring substances with anti-inflammatory effects and a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding than NSAIDs. As with any medications, these should ideally be used for limited periods of healing, not for indefinite, long-term use.
Typical doses for each botanical [19] are indicated below. However, you should talk with your healthcare provider [20] before adding botanicals to your health regimen and ask about the right dosage for you.
Many people who suffer from arthritis experience either severe chronic pain or moderate chronic pain with occasional episodes of severe pain. Since the degree of pain and disability is highly influenced by an individual's perception of pain and not necessarily correlated with the degree of cartilage degeneration, a treatment plan that includes both conventional and integrative therapies can be very effective. As always, you should make sure that you communicate [20] and share your treatment plan with all of your care providers.
Since obesity increases the risk for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, maintaining ideal weight or losing excess weight may help prevent osteoarthritis of the knee and hip or decrease the rate of progression once osteoarthritis is established.
Acupuncture [6] for pain relief may reduce the need pain medications, such as NSAIDs.
Maintaining activity as much as possible is helpful to delay disability and improve quality of life. A regular exercise [10] program with stretching, strength training [8], and endurance and aerobic activities [7] is important. Yoga [3] is a good base activity for many people.
A regular meditation [15] or relaxation [23] practice can help you cope with pain, as can a self-reflection practice that honestly addresses emotional awareness [24] and health.
[1] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/sites/default/files/images/thumbnails/Arthritis.jpg
[2] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/interviews/interview-esther-sternberg-0
[3] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/yoga
[4] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/massage-therapy
[5] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/osteopathic-medicine
[6] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/acupuncture
[7] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhance-your-wellbeing/health/physical-activity-fitness/include-aerobic-activities
[8] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhance-your-wellbeing/health/physical-activity-fitness/include-strength-building-exercises
[9] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhance-your-wellbeing/health/physical-activity-fitness/add-flexibility-and-balance-exercises
[10] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/wellbeing/health/physical-activity-fitness
[11] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/diabetes
[12] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/food-medicine/what-should-i-eat-my-specific-condition
[13] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term46
[14] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/chiropractic
[15] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/meditation
[16] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/wellbeing/health/stress-mastery
[17] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term9
[18] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/osteopathy
[19] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/botanical-medicine
[20] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/navigate-healthcare-system/how-can-i-communicate-effectively
[21] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome
[22] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/migraine
[23] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhance-your-wellbeing/health/stress-mastery/learn-relaxation-techniques
[24] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/wellbeing/health/thoughts-emotions
[25] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term41
[26] http://www.arthritis.org/
[27] http://www.healthline.com/health/rheumatoid-arthritis
[28] http://thenewmedicine.org/health_interests/arthritis
[29] http://nccam.nih.gov/health/arthritis/
[30] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/our-experts/karen-lawson-md
[31] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/our-experts/archelle-georgiou-md
[32] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/relaxation-massage-high-bandwidth
[33] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/acupuncture-video-high-bandwidth
[34] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/mindfulness-and-chronic-pain


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The bride-elect is a 2010 graduate of George West High School and a 2014 graduate of the University of Texas at San Antonio where she majored in kinesiology-athletic medicine.
The groom-to-be is the son of Troy and Jamie Berthold of Beeville. He is a 2007 graduate of Skidmore-Tynan High School and a 2012 graduate of Texas A&M-College Station where he majored in agriculture systems management.
The couple plan to marry Saturday, June 21, at Brush Country Cowboy Church with a reception to follow in Beeville.


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Toddler-Friendly Recipes
A few months ago as you spooned tiny bites of pureed peas into your little one's mouth, you may have longed for the day that baby could feed herself. Now your toddler is older, and that day has arrived. But just because she can feed herself doesn't mean she will. Help get your child involved in mealtime as well as initiate a lifelong interest in cooking and nutrition by letting your toddler help prepare food in the kitchen. In this slideshow, we have identified a few ways your toddler can help with these family-friendly recipes.
Here are a few general tasks for younger children:
• Help gather ingredients from a low shelf in the pantry
• Add measured ingredients to a mixing bowl
• Stir ingredients
• Sprinkle raisins or nuts into a batter


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Sleder's Family Tavern has been a Traverse City tradition for the past 130 years. Everything from "Kissing The Moose," to their burgers, to great service and their music on the porch series have made them a popular destination for locals and visitors alike.
To celebrate, owners Deb and Brian Cairns are flying in Gulf Shores, Alabama singer-songwriter Lisa Christian.
"I have been working the club scene in Gulf Shores, Alabama for the past 10 years and Brian and Deb Cairns winter down here," said Christian. "One night they approached me after one of my shows. They told me how much they love my music and we got to be great friends. Well, they asked me to perform at Sleder's 125 anniversary. Now I get to come back again and I would literally fly anywhere to perform for the Cairns -- they are great people."
This Friday, Christian will host a "name that tune" contest (a take on a game she does back home) for various prizes. On Saturday she will perform at 6 p.m. under the tent in celebration of Sleder's turning 130 years old. In between it all there will be a golf tournament and a silent auction, with proceeds benefiting the Michigan's Women Care Program.
"We are going to have actual prizes whereas back home I award virtual prizes," Christian said of her musical trivia contest. "We are going to do a lot of one hit wonders, songs with names in them, songs from the '70s, '80s and '90s. Then I will be back on Saturday night to perform."
Christian grew up in Philadelphia where she was musically influenced by the "Philly Soul scene" and her older siblings.
"Everyone in my family played the guitar, so I started at the age of 11 and by 12 I had my first garage band. In high school I was sneaking into clubs and playing," said Christian. "I soon realized there was really no future in going to college, so I graduated from high school on a Friday and went to work on the following Monday making salad dressing for $3.15 an hour and playing guitar at night. And minus making the dressing, I have been doing that ever since."
Instead of making salad dressing, today Christian's day job is as a popular air personality during the mid-day shift on Sunny 105 fm in Gulf Shores. Before arriving to Gulf Shores, where Christian has become one of the top entertainers in the region, she bounced around the country performing.
"I bounced around after high school trying the Nashville thing and then I connected with some musicians in the Atlanta area and that was a lot of fun. I got to perform at the Olympics and also Lilith Fair in 1998 with Bonnie Raitt. I also toured the country a little bit opening for various acts."
She eventually discovered Gulf Shores and finally has found her musical home.
"Gulf Shores is a great place for a musician. This is a really unique place and a lot of tourists come through. You can work six nights or seven nights a week if you want," said Christian. "While I like traveling, there is something to be said about being able to perform close to home every night. With the Internet I am able to promote my music and CD all over the world, so instead of spending a bunch of money on gas to travel hundreds of miles to perform to 30 people, I have found this approach to be more cost effective."
Christian has also added another career to her musical arsenal to supplement her income. One night while she was performing, Christian was approached by the general manager of Sunny 105 fm about going into radio.
"He liked my voice and asked if I would like to host a new show on Sunday nights showcasing the local music scene. We have so many great musicians here I jumped at the chance. Then they had an opening on the morning show and I took that. Eventually, we went with a syndicated morning show so I took over middays. I love it -- I am on from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and I still do the Sunday night show."
As for her songwriting, Christian says she is a student of the craft, keeping an open mind and searching out what works the audience.
"Some songwriters are snobby about playing cover songs. But I don't think there is any better way to integrate what is good and what works and what people like to listen to than by learning great songs. As I was learning other peoples' songs, I would say that is kind of cool, and I started writing my own songs."
First time attendees to a Lisa Christian concert are often taken by her musical prowess. Her local paper describes her as "An unholy cross between Diana Krall and Ani DiFranco."
"It is not your standard chick with a guitar music -- I have a lower, grittier voice. Plus I play a big fat jazz guitar, an Epiphone hollow body similar to what Wes Montgomery plays," said Christian. "My stuff tends to be blues, soul and jazz oriented. I like Motown, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and a lot of Philly soul music. I do about half and half when it comes to covers and originals."
Celebrate Sleder's turning 130 this weekend with Lisa Christian performing both Friday and Saturday nights. The Corvairs will also perform on Saturday from 4-6 p.m. For complete details on all the activities including a golf tournament and auction to benefit Michigan's Women Care Program, go to sleders.com or call (231) 947-9213.


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