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In previous installments of this series (NAT with pf and More NAT) we examined macros, options, scrub rules, and NAT rules. This time we'll look at packet filtering rules, which kick in after packets have been scrubbed and (optionally) redirected to another IP address or port with NAT rules.
Once you get your scrub and NAT rules sorted, it's time to add some packet filtering rules to the mix. There are three kinds of rules:
block—block matching packets
antispoof—a special case of
block rules
pass—let matching packets through
Packets are matched against filtering rules after scrubbing and NAT'ing have been done. When you design your ruleset and plan to use NAT or port/interface redirection, remember to design your filtering rules to match packets after NAT'ing and redirection, or you will waste a lot of time debugging the ruleset and scratching your head wondering what's wrong with your design and its implementation. We will return to this subject later in this article, but first we need to focus on the packet filtering grammar.
Related Reading
Essential System Administration
Packet filtering rules are written using a specialized grammar, similar to that of NAT rules, but capable of describing much finer detail required to implement detailed filtering rules. The large number of keywords and their possible configurations make them a bit overwhelming for a beginner, but there is a method behind this madness. The following guide should make them easier to digest. I divided it into small sections each describing one part of a packet filtering rule, following the order in which they are described in pf.conf(5).
Hint: if you have trouble making sense of the
syntax describing those rules in
remember that the items listed in square brackets (
are optional, while the items separated with a vertical bar
|) are alternative values. Items in double-quotes
"...") are meant to be typed literally, but without the
double quotes.
block or
pass keywords tell
what to do with the packet that matches all conditions listed after
block or
pass (we are leaving the
antispoof keyword aside for a while, but think of it as a
special case of
block rules). These keywords are
required and either of them must be used at the
beginning of every filtering rule. To block all incoming and outgoing
packets, use:
block in all
block out all
The opposite would be
pass rules that let all traffic
in and out of the firewall:
pass in all
pass out all
With such rules in place, all traffic can move freely in or out of
the firewall. Both policies are too general for practical use, but
they are handy for explaining the basics. As a general rule, the more
conditions you list after
pass or
block the
more specific the rule will be. Conversely the less conditions you
use, the more general the rule will be. As you will see later on, I
always advise that you start your packet filtering section with a set
block {in, out} all rules. It is safer to block all
traffic first and only open those routes that are absolutely necessary
later. Apart from being a safer way to write pf(4)
rulesets, such approach greatly simplifies the ruleset, which is good,
because simple rulesets are easier to debug.
return-rst) after blocking a packet?
A plain
block rule drops all matching packets without
sending any kind of notification back to the host that tried to
initiate the connection. Silently dropping all unwanted packets is
good security practice, because the firewall does not have to waste
its own resources on sending redundant information, and because
"silent" firewalls are harder to scan and fingerprint. (Broadly
speaking, scanning is the process of looking for open ports
that the attacker could use to break into your firewall or network,
while fingerprinting is the process of identifying the
operating system or other software running on the scanned host.)
However, as with all general rules, there are exceptions. One of
these is sending the ICMP
destination-unreachable message
to hosts trying to connect to port 113 (
auth). It is
quite safe to do so and is considered to be good net citizenship.
Returning that message helps some services, such as
sendmail, complete connections faster, without waiting
for connections to port 113 to time out.
This can be achieved with a rule that begins with:
block in all
block return-icmp in on $ext_if from any to $ext_ad port auth quick
pass in on $ext_if from any to $ext_ad port smtp quick
You can add the ICMP message number or name after the
return-icmp keyword, although it is optional and only
required in special cases. For more information about ICMP, read
RFC792 [Postel
1981]; if you want to learn how it works in practice, and how it is
implemented, especially on BSD systems, consult [Stevens,
Wright 1994].
Another possibility is to answer unwanted packets with the TCP RST
message. This is achieved with the
return-rst keyword,
which can be followed by an integer number defining the TTL (time to
live) value for the returned packet as in:
block return-rst in quick on $ext_if from any to $ext_ad
block return-rst 100 quick in on $ext_if from any to $ext_ad port
return-rst and
return-icmp keywords
are optional.
The next required keyword that appears after
either the
block (followed by optional
reset-icmp or
reset-rst keywords) or the
pass keyword is the direction keyword. There are two
direction keywords you can use:
in or
They are known to cause some confusion, especially when the firewall
is equipped with more than one network interface, and when NAT rules
are used along with filtering rules.
The key to understanding when a packet matches either the
in or the
out rule is remembering that these
directions are relative to the firewall itself. Iif a packet is sent
from an external host to the firewall, it matches the
rule on the firewall's external interface; when it is sent from the
firewall itself, it matches the
out on the external
interface. Similarly, packets sent from internal hosts to the
firewall and destined to external host will match
rules on the interface connecting your private network segment to the
firewall and
out rules on the firewall's external
You can tell
to log packets matching certain rules to the
interface. From there, they are picked up by
and stored in rotated
log files located in
To start packet logging, use the
log or the
log-all keywords. The difference between them lies in
the way they work with rules that contain either
state or modulate state rules (more on these
log logs only the state-making packets, while
log-all logs all packets. If you use stateful filtering
and want to capture all packets that match the
log rule,
log-all, otherwise, use
If you want to log all traffic on all interfaces, add either the
log or
log-all keywords to the rules that
cover most traffic. For example, to log all traffic entering and
leaving the firewall on the external interface, use these rules:
block in log on $ext_if
block out log on $ext_if
Similar rules should be added to sections describing packet
filtering policy for other interfaces on the firewall. If you would
rather log only incoming HTTP traffic, add the
keyword to the rule that lets HTTP packets through.
Although I wrote
earlier that the firewall need not be the latest, fastest machine
you can get, the more traffic you log and the heavier the traffic that
passes through the firewall's interface, the faster the hardware you
use the better. This is especially true for the disks that must store
the data. As you will learn later in this article, when I discuss the
dup-to keyword, you can duplicate packets and send them
to a different interface, where a dedicated packet logging machine can
sit, listen, store, and analyze traffic. If you use
dup-to for logging, then
log, and
log-all are redundant.
Unlike NAT (
rules, which are processed in the "first matching rule wins" fashion,
packet filtering is done in the "last matching rule wins" way. While
it is possible to carefully structure your ruleset in a way that
avoids letting unwanted packets through, it is more convenient and
simpler to put rules that you want to process faster (like very
specific blocking rules) at the top of the packet filtering section of
the ruleset and add the
quick keyword to such rules.
Whenever this keyword is used,
will execute the matching rule and will not try to match the packet
against the rest of the ruleset. This saves some processing time,
which quickly adds up on a busy link, so I use this keyword
quick keyword is added after the
log-all keywords, or, in the absence of these
keywords, after the
in or
out direction
pass in log-all quick on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $ext_ad port 80
pass in quick on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $ext_ad port 80
Typical applications of
quick rules include quickly
blocking addresses of problematic sites and blocking packets with
spoofed addresses.
While the packet filtering rules grammar allows us to write general
rules that apply to all interfaces, we can seldom write a good ruleset
without adding rules for specific interfaces. The name of the
interface is given after the
on keyword that appears
after the
quick keyword. The following examples show a
few possible variations of keywords that appear before
block in on $ext_if
block in log-all on $ext_if
block in log-all quick on $ext_if
Hint: If you forgot the name of the interface,
check the output of
dmesg | less. If OpenBSD is not
recognizing your network interface, read this article for kernel
modification tips. Note that if you are using a device connected to
the serial interface (like a modem), such device may not be listed in
dmesg output, but should still be recognized by the
system. When you are not sure what name your network card falls under
in OpenBSD, check the list displayed by
driver. Still no luck? Look at this list.
on), IP address (
to), and port (
port) combination should be
used with NAT rules?
When you don't use NAT rules, it is fairly easy to decide which interface/IP address/port ought to be used for in a filtering rule. For example, if you want to limit access to port 80 on the external interface and only let TCP packets in, you'd use something like this:
pass in quick on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $ext_ad port 80
Things are different when you add NAT rules and additional subnets.
Then a single
block or
pass rule might not
be enough to properly structure the flow of traffic through the
firewall. In such cases, always remember that packets
redirected to another port/interface have to be filtered on the target
port/interface. For example, the following rules redirect traffic
from the external interface port 80 to a DMZ HTTP server port
ext_if = "ne1"
ext_ad = "x.x.x.x/32"
dmz_www_ad = "192.168.2.3/32"
rdr_www_protos = "{tcp}"
rdr_www_port = "8080"
rdr on $ext_if proto $rdr_www_protos from any \
to $ext_ad port www -> $dmz_www_ad port $rdr_www_port
If you want to block all incoming connections except connections to port 80 on the external interface (which are redirected to port 8080 on the DMZ HTTP server), use:
block in on $ext_if all
pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port 8080
pass rule uses the DMZ HTTP host address for the
destination IP address. The same goes for the destination
port (8080 instead 80). If you used the IP address of the external
interface and port 80, you'd never see any packets passed to the DMZ
HTTP server. Similarly, if you wanted to block a redirected packet,
you'd need to write a rule that matched the destination IP
address/port after redirection.
After a packet is passed on the external interface, it may have to pass another test on the DMZ interface. This is optional, but it is prudent to filter traffic going in and out of the DMZ. For example, you might want to block all external traffic except HTTP going into the DMZ segment. This is accomplished with these rules:
block out on $dmz_if all
pass out on $dmz_if inet proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port 8080
Note that these rules are for packets leaving
out) the DMZ interface. Why is that? You need to
remember that all rules are written relative to the firewall; a packet
sent from the outside first matches
in rules on the
external interface, then it matches
out rules on the DMZ
interface, and then it reaches the HTTP server. A packet sent from
the DMZ HTTP server to the outside matches
in rules on
the DMZ interface,
out rules on the external interface,
and then it reaches some external host.
out rules shown earlier will also match packets
sent from the private network segment. Such packets match
in rules on the private interface and then the
out rules on the DMZ interface.
Ordinarily, packets examined by
are routed according to the entries in the firewall's routing table,
which should be enough in most cases. However, there might be times
when you will want to bypass the routing table or to duplicate packets
for intrusion detection or logging purposes. The following three
keywords allow us to influence packet routing:
fastroute: use the routing table
route-to: bypass the routing table and route the
packet through the interface whose name must be given after the
route-to keyword. The name of the interface may be
followed by the IP address of the host that should receive packets,
when the IP address is used. The name and the address must be enclosed
in parentheses, as in:
pass in on $ext_if route-to ($log_if $log_ad) all
pass in on $ext_if route-to $log_if all
dup-to: create a copy of the matching packet, bypass
the routing table and route the copied packet through the interface
whose name must be given after the
dup-to keyword. The
name of the interface may be followed by the IP address of the host
that is supposed to receive the copies, when the IP address is used.
The name and the address must be enclosed in parentheses. The
original packet is routed using entries in the routing table.
dup-to keyword is very useful for setting up a
separate packet logging or intrusion detection system host. Simply
add this rule to
/etc/pf.conf on the firewall:
pass in on $ext_if dup-to ($log_if $log_ad) all
Then run
on the logging host with a the following rule:
block in log on $ext_if all
If you want to tune logging parameters, read this and this.
Letting another host take care of logging or analysis of packets is a good thing, because it moves the additional load placed on the firewall's resources to another host. It makes logging setups like those described in one of my earlier articles unnecessary, while making the whole process of logging simpler and more stable. Of course, to create such setup you will need another machine and an additional network interface on the firewall (it's best to put the logging/analysis machine on a separate segment). In any case, if you plan to log traffic, read this, this, and this.
Unlike all other keywords that can be followed by some value,
dup-to and
route-to do not allow us to
specify more than one interface or interface/address combination.
can filter packets with IPv4 (inet) and IPv6 (inet6) addresses. You
select the addressing family with the
inet (IPv4) or
inet6 (IPv6) keywords. If you plan on dealing with IPv4
traffic only, add these rules for every interface on the firewall:
block in quick inet6 all
block out quick inet6 all
Another layer of filtering is filtering by protocol name or number.
This is done with an addition of the
proto keyword
followed by the name(s) or number(s) of protocols that the packets are
formed in accordance with. The list of protocols can be found in
For example, if you want to let in only TCP packets, use this rule:
pass in quick on $ext_if proto tcp
Tip: Almost all popular services use TCP. You
should block UDP packets sent to servers that only use TCP, because
such packets are almost never legitimate traffic. If you do not know
which protocol is used by which services, check
/etc/protocols. This file is current as of the time of
release of the OpenBSD system you are using. The latest and the
freshest listings are always in the IANA's online database.
Source address filtering is typically used to stop two kinds of packets: those originating from hosts with legal IP addresses that we do not want to accept traffic from, and those that carry spoofed source addresses. In the first case, you will want to block packets from legal IP addresses if they're giving you so much trouble that you'd rather not accept traffic from them. In the second case, you ought to block packets with spoofed source addresses for your own safety as they will never be legitimate traffic. The following rule blocks packets with spoofed source addresses sent from external hosts and arriving on the firewall's external interface:
$blockIPs = {10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, \
22.214.171.124/4, 240.0.0.0/5, 127.0.0.0/8, 0.0.0.0}
block in quick on $ext_if from $blockIPs
Conversely, we can specify addresses of hosts that we want to accept traffic from, as in:
block in quick on $ext_if from ! $allow_ad to any
Tip: Note the exclamation mark (
which negates the value that follows it, so the rule above reads
"block incoming packets (and don't match them against other filtering
rules) arriving on the external interface send from all IP addresses
$allow_ad and destined for any host."
There are two shortcuts that you can use to specify wider ranges of
IP addresses. One is the
any keyword, which when placed
from or
to, matches any source
from any) or target (
to any) address:
block in quick on $log_if from any to $log_ad
block in quick on $ext_if from $blockIPs to any
The second shortcut is the
all keyword which replaces
from any to any. The following two rules are
block in on $ext_if from any to any
block in on $ext_if all
from and
to go together, and
you cannot write a rule with just either of them.
Source address specification is a required part of
any packet filtering rule, even if you use an all-encompassing
any or
all shortcuts.
For a finer degree of control, we can block or pass packets sent
from a specific port on the interface from which the matching packets
were sent. The port specification is listed after the source address
specification and is marked with the
port keyword, as
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any port 80
port 80 is equivalent to
port = 80
Other possible operators are
<>, and
><. Their use is shown
in the following rules:
# block packets destined for port 80
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port = 80
# block packets destined for all ports except port 80
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port != 80
# block packets destined for ports lower than port 80
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port < 80
# block packets destined for ports lower than and port 80
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port <= 80
# block packets destined for ports higher than and equal to port 80
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port > 80
# block packets destined for ports higher than and equal to port 80
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port >= 80
# block packets destined for ports higher than port 80 and lower than port 1024
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port 80 >< 1024
# block packets destined for ports lower than port 80 and higher than port 1024
block in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $dmz_www_ad port 80 <> 1024
Specifying port numbers makes sense only for those protocols that
carry source port information (like TCP or UDP). That is why you need
to use the
proto keyword when you use the
port keyword. Otherwise,
will complain and refuse to load rules.
Destination address filtering is typically used to pass only those packets that are destined to addresses where there are servers listening for connections, for example:
pass in on $ext_if from any to $dmz_www_ad
All syntax rules for source addresses discussed earlier are applicable to destination addresses.
Source target address specification is a required
part of any packet filtering rule, even if you use an all-encompassing
any or
all shortcuts.
The destination port specification follows the destination address specification. All rules that apply to source ports, apply to destination ports. Of course, both are independent. You will probably use destination ports more often than source ports, as such rules are usually used to only let those packets through that are destined to ports where appropriate servers are listening, for example:
pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $ext_www_ad port $ext_www_port
pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $ext_smtp_ad port $ext_smtp_port
pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to $ext_ftp_ad port $ext_ftp_port
user) and groups (
group) are allowed
to receive or send packets?
One very handy feature of
is its ability to filter packets based on user and group names of the
users and groups who own the sockets on which packets are sent or
received. The user and group IDs can be given in form of names or
numbers and it is possible to specify ranges and lists of IDs. When
you list ranges, it is possible to construct them using the operators
described earlier in the section on source ports.
The user and group names are effective names, which may not be the same as the real name (as is the case with setuid and setgid processes). If you are having problems with these rules, remember that the user and group IDs are stored at the time a socket is created and they are not updated when the process creating a socket drops privileges (e.g., after a process binds to a privileged port as root, and then drops root privileges), so it may be that you need to use root ID in a rule instead of an unprivileged users's ID. Try this when you hit a stumbling block with rules user or group
In case of outgoing connections, the user IDs will match the user
that opened the connection from the firewall itself.
Similarly, for incoming connections, the user IDs will match the user
that opened the socket for listening on the firewall. It is
not possible to match usernames on connections forwarded with NAT
rules. In case of forwarded connections, user or group IDs can match
(or not match) a special username
unknown. In this case,
only two operators are allowed:
= and
Hint: User and group rules can only be used with TCP and UDP protocols.
TCP packet headers contain a flag field which plays an important role in the process of establishing, maintaining, and closing connections. Flags are important from the point of view of security, because some attackers abuse the three-way-handshake mechanism and other uses of TCP flags in denial of service (DOS) attacks (see CERT-1996.21, CERT-2000.21) and other types of attacks aimed at hosts connected to the Internet.
As of OpenBSD 3.2,
recognizes the following TCP header flags:
(S)YN: synchronize sequence numbers
(A)CK: acknowledge
(R)ST: reset
(F)IN: finish
(P)USH: push
(U)RG: urgent pointer
(E)CE: (ECN-Echo) explicit congestion notification echo
C(W)R: congestion window reduced
The syntax for this portion of filtering rules is as follows: the
flags keyword is followed by two lists of flags separated
with a slash (
/); the first is a list of flags from the
second list that must be set. Those flags not on the first list must
be unset. Flags not listed on the second list are ignored, and those
flags from the second list missing from the first list may or may not
be set.
# FIN must be set, ignore the rest
block in proto tcp all flags F/F
# FIN must be unset, ignore the rest
block in all flags /F
# FIN must be set, the rest must be unset
block in all flags F
# FIN must be set, ACK must be unset, ignore the rest
block in all flags F/FA
# FIN and ACK must be unset, ignore the rest
block in all flags /FA
TCP flags are described in RFC761 [Postel 1980], and RFC793 [Postel 1981]. A far more detailed discussion of TCP flags can be found in [Stevens, Wright 1994]. Note that [Stevens, Wright 1994] do not describe the ECE and CWR flags, as these were added to the TCP header after TCP/IP Illustrated was published. For more information on ECE and CWR read RFC3168 [Ramakrishann, Floyd, Black 2001] and RFC3360 [Floyd 2002].
flags keyword makes sense only for TCP
proto tcp) packets.
Bogus ICMP packets are another way attackers can make your site
inoperable, which is why
has special syntax for dealing with these useful, but potentially
dangerous packets. For more information about the havoc ICMP packets
can wreak read this paper
(pdf) from SANS [Jeon 2001] and the CERT-1996.26
ICMPv4 packets are matched by
icmp-type keyword, while
ICMP IPv6 are matched by the
ipv6-icmp-type keyword.
Both keywords are followed by the ICMP type number and the ICMP code
number, separated with the
code keyword.
Explanations of ICMPv4 message types and codes can be found in RFC792 [Postel 1981], ICMPv6 message types and codes are discussed in RFC2463 [Conta, Deering 1998].
keep state,
modulate state)
is a stateful packet filter, which means that it is capable
of keeping track of the state of connections. Stateful filtering has
the following advantages:
The basic principle behind stateful filtering is simple. When the initial packet makes the connection on the firewall, the packet filter will create an entry in its state table for that connection. All subsequent packets that belong to the connection for which an entry in the state table exist will be let through without matching them against the whole ruleset. State tables are checked before the filter begins evaluating filtering rules.
The packet filter decides if a packet belongs to a connection for which a state exists by checking the packet's sequence number stored in the TCP header. When the sequence number falls out of a narrow window, the packet is dropped. This mechanism prevents spoofed packet injection into an established connection.
Stateful inspection of packets is turned on with the
state keywords placed near the end of a filtering rule.
pass out on $ext_if proto TCP all keep state
To keep memory usage under control, information about connections is removed from the state table after connections are closed or after they time out.
By the way, when you use
rdr rules, you are
already using stateful filtering, as these rules create states
There are two schools of thought about state creation. Some
administrators insist that only packets with the SYN flag (i.e., the
packets that initialize the connection) can create state. Others say
that any packet ought to be able to create state, because such rules
allow existing connections to create state and continue after the
state tables are flushed with
pfctl -F state or after the
firewall is rebooted. Rules that create state only for packets with
the SYN flag set will not be able to create state for existing
The following rules allow all departing TCP packets to create state. As for inbound packets, only those sent to port 80 will be able to create state:
pass in proto tcp all port 80 keep state
pass out proto tcp all keep state
If you want to limit packets that can create state to those that have the
SYN flag set, add the
flags S/SA condition, as in:
pass in proto tcp all port 80 flags S/SA keep state pass
out proto tcp all flags S/SA keep state
What about UDP or ICMP packets? Can
create state for these as well? Yes, it can. With UDP packets, which
do not carry sequence numbers, the filter matches them to states using
only address and port information.
As for ICMP, these are treated differently depending on their
category. ICMP error messages that refer to TCP or UDP packets are
matched against states for connections they refer to. As such they do
not require separate rules, the packet filter will take care of this
automatically. ICMP queries (like
may need their own separate rules, like:
pass out inet proto icmp all icmp-type echoreq keep state
Initial sequence numbers, if chosen carelessly, can be used in dangerous attacks that exploit the fact that some TCP stacks use easily predictable values for initial sequence numbers. For more information about these attacks read CERT Vulnerability Note VU#498440, or Rik Farrow's Sequence Number Attacks.
can prevent these attacks with the
modulate state rule.
To turn it on, use
modulate state instead of
pass in proto tcp all port 80 flags S/SA keep state
pass out proto tcp all flags S/SA keep state
pass in proto tcp all port 80 flags S/SA modulate state
pass out proto tcp all flags S/SA modulate state
Remember that
modulate state can only be used with TCP
connections. For other connections use
keep state.
keep state or
modulate state can have its own
set of options. These options are:
max n: maximum number
n) of concurrent states that can be created for
this rule. See the description of the
limit states
option in NAT
with pf. This option, unlike
limit states,
works on a per-rule basis.
timeout: timeout values for states created
with this rule. See the description of the
option in NAT
with pf. This option, unlike
timeout, works
on a per-rule basis.
A rule using state options could look like this:
pass in proto tcp all port 80 flags S/SA \
modulate state (max 1000, tcp.established 120, tcp.closing 10)
IP options are blocked by default, which is good from the point of
view of security. If you want to allow them, you explicitly state
your wish with the
allow-opts keyword.
In practice there is very little need for allowing these options,
save for special application, as they may be used by attackers to mess
with your network, or with other hosts on the Internet (in such cases,
you might end up being accused of deliberate wrongdoing). IP options
have their legitimate uses, but if you don't explicitly need them,
leave them disabled. That is, do not use
If you're curious, read RFC791 [Postel 1981], RFC1108 [Kent 1991]. For a more detailed discussion, refer to [Stevens, Wright 1994] where you will find details of operation and implementation of IP options processing in BSD systems.
allow-opts keyword can only be used in
Labels are used to mark rules for which
will keep separate statistics. You can display these stats with
A label is added with the
label keyword followed by a
text string. Labels are placed at the end of rules:
pass in on rl0 all label "incoming"
pass out on rl0 all label "departing"
To view statistics, use:
$ sudo pfctl -s labels
incoming 85 26 2024
departing 86 56 6960
The numbers that follow the labels are the number of rule evaluations, packets, and bytes.
Labels can contain pre-defined macros:
$srcaddr: source IP address. This is the source IP
address listed after the
from keyword in the rule, not
the packet's source address, so if you use
from any and
label "from $srcaddr" in the same rule you'll see a
message similar to
from any 86 56 6960.
$dstaddr: destination IP address.
$srcport: source port.
$dstport: destination port.
$proto: protocol name.
$nr: rule number.
That's enough theory. Next time, we'll add a packet filtering section to the ruleset described in More NAT, discuss some modifications to that ruleset, solve the FTP connection problems with a proxy, cover IPv6 filtering and build an invisible filtering bridge.
Jacek Artymiak started his adventure with computers in 1986 with Sinclair ZX Spectrum. He's been using various commercial and Open Source Unix systems since 1991. Today, Jacek runs devGuide.net, writes and teaches about Open Source software and security, and tries to make things happen.
Read more Securing Small Networks with OpenBSD columns.
Return to the BSD DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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quote Aswm420hi, There is already a Mercs 3 wish list made, Please post here for recommendations and hopes.here is what i would like in M3
how about killing alquida ( al-ki-da ) the evil folks behind the horable 9/11 attacks to ME that would be cool.
idea #2 is make it sorta likejust cause 1 WWERE you have a tropacal forest and can get in and drive buy and store any car you find on the road JUST make shure it fits in the garage.
#3 is make it sorta like 2 BUT add these abilitys .
ability to hiik and use trucks and trailers.
ability to call in allis on any mission and have them man guns fly or what ever
fans of SAINTS ROW 2 will know of the fam raising mission OR GTA's co op mission in that thiopper BUT make it were you can have 2 or 3 manning guns one as a copilit IN CASE u get hit others riding along as backup SO when u land you all pile out and blow that place to kingdome come .
#4 make it were you are new to the group and WORK 4 the others that were in M2WIF
quote FrazebMercs 3 was confirmed ages ago.
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Jonathon Sawyer is the 2013 MenuMasters Innovator.
Jonathon Sawyer, whose creativity in the kitchen and environmental pioneering have helped put Cleveland on the culinary map, has been named the MenuMasters Innovator for 2013. The MenuMasters Awards are produced by Nation's Restaurant News and sponsored by Ventura Foods. They honor outstanding menu development plus excellence in foodservice research and development, and the winners are selected by the editorial board of Nation's Restaurant News. "We are excited to be ...
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Some app developers may create their app for love but most also want to bring a little money into their lives as well. Dale Carr, founder and CEO of LeadBolt says with all of the changes that developers in the mobile app industry face, it may be time to get some of the lead out of your apps and make them leaner and meaner.
In this article in DevsBuildIt, he offers realistic and achievable fitness tips to help your app monetization strategy shape up to all it should be in 2014:
- Trim the fat: Don't overstuff your app with ads by placing banners in every conceivable place. Think of your user experience first and be more strategic about ad placement.
- Exercise different muscles: Connecting with your user in different ways is like exercising different muscles. To achieve results and continue to convert energy consistently, switch up your routine and target more than one area. Evaluate the entire usage cycle of your app.
- Pay attention to your vitals: Resolve to measure your app performance by paying attention to analytics. In the article he offers ideas for app analytics to help you achieve optimal results.
What app monetization ideas have worked for you?


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Here you can find drivers, firmware, software and productinformation quickly and easily for your devolo product.
devolo Cockpit is an innovative powerline software for home users. In addition to numerous status displays, such as the connection quality of the individual dLAN® adapters, the intuitively operated program also offers control over encryption and configuration. With targeted tips and other useful.
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Port Authority® Ranger 3-in-1 Jacket. J310
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…have arrived. Apart from the obvious excitement of going to the first game of the 2011 season, afterwards there will be a special Phillies Phantasy Camp alumni event. I'm very eager to see a lot of my fellow Campers from this past January.
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Reviewed By Debra N (DURHAM, NC) Reviewed for a 2012 Audi Q5 —2/19/2015 6:39 PM
Stylish, practical, easy to clean and install. My dog likes it better than my leather seat. Good price too. I have an Audi Q5 and it fits ok, just needs a bit of time to smooth out once out of the packaging.


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Educator Licensure
Special Education Assignability
Holders of the LBS I credential may be assigned to serve students with the following disabilities: learning disabilities, social/emotional disorders, mental retardation (EMH or TMH), physical handicaps, autism, or traumatic brain injury.
Holders of the LBS I/Limited credential may be assigned to teach only students for whom he or she holds a pre-existing credential (endorsement or approval), except that students with one additional disability may be taught at the same time. The limitations on the Standard LBS I/Limited credential remain in place for three years for persons who are teaching on that credential and then automatically expire. For individuals who are not teaching on their special education credentials, the limitations will automatically expire after seven years. The limitation on the Initial certificate will remain through the four year validity period. However, teachers may choose to remove the limitations earlier.
Removal of Limitations on LBS I / Limited
Teachers may remove the limitations on their LBS I/Limited endorsements before they automatically expire through any one of the following methods:
- Completing the training sequence developed by ISBE;
- Completing college coursework necessary to qualify for an endorsement or approval in one of the areas from the other side of the LBS I equation (covering the "missing" characteristics and methods);
- Passing the test of subject matter knowledge for one of the areas from the other side of the LBS I equation (relevant to a "missing" disability);
- Presenting qualifications for additional endorsements or approvals that satisfy the LBS I equation;
- Passing the LBS I examination available beginning January 1, 2003;
- Submitting verification of three years' full-time teaching experience in an area for which the teacher does not hold an endorsement or approval (ISBE Form 73-83); or
- Submitting verification of three years' full-time experience teaching students with autism or traumatic brain injury (ISBE Form 73-83).
Teachers who wish to remove the limitations before they expire must submit the required evidence of meeting the above qualifications along with ISBE Form 73-85. ISBE forms are available online at http://www.isbe.net/licensure/html/forms.htm.


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By Robert Cox, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, Horticulture
In protected spots and in soils supplemented with sphagnum peat moss, a few magnolias can do well here.
All bloom in early spring, when flowers are prone to damage by late frosts. The later the bloom in spring, the better. Star Magnolia (Magnolia stellata) has fragrant white flowers. "Royal Star" blooms a little later. Saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) is another possibility. Consider also "Merrill" and "Spring Snow" magnolias. Finally, the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington has released several hybrid magnolias, such as "Ann," "Jane" and "Susan," known collectively as "The Girls." Several are considered later-blooming.
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"For the last several miles we've been hearing this terrible noise. We think the fan belt is slipping, but it's a new truck, so…" Just then they heard the terrible noise again. But it wasn't coming from the engine at all. It was coming from the mesquite tree above their heads!
"Oh, that noise!" I said. "That's just a cicada calling. Don't you have them in Austin?"
Apparently not. They said they'd never heard anything like it! I am sure they would have remembered such an ear-piercing whine!
This encounter piqued my interest. I thought cicadas were everywhere. I know sometimes they are erroneously called "locusts," but even if you didn't know the correct name, you would still recognize the sound. I mean, a cicada by another name would be just as loud!
After I checked several Internet sites, including those with sound files of cicadas calling, I discovered that we have a very special cicada here in South Texas. It is called the Giant Cicada (Quesada gigas). The Giant Cicada is actually a tropical cicada, and it is found from here south to Argentina.
In recent years, the Giant Cicada has been expanding its range northward. It now seems to occur fairly regularly in Bexar and Travis counties, although the distribution of the insect could be somewhat spotty. Some of us "old-timers" say that they have always been in the San Antonio and Austin areas. I am sure I remember them from my childhood in Central Texas. How could I ever forget such a sound?
The first time someone hears the Giant Cicada, he invariably tries to describe it in terms of some other loud sound. Henry Walter Bates in his book, The Naturalist on the River Amazons (1863), wrote that a cicada's song ended "in a long and loud note resembling the steam-whistle of a locomotive." Texans have described it as "the sound of summer" in places like Laredo. One fellow, on first hearing it, thought his mule was sick. A veteran said it reminded him of air raid sirens during World War II. Modern comments usually mention some sort of machine: a loose fan belt on a car, an electric drill, a jet engine. A few say that the sound might be made by a strange new bird.
One day, my cat came in the cat door with a cicada in his mouth. I didn't see it at first but soon the bug let out its screaming whine. I was momentarily shocked by what I thought was the cat's strange cry. It sounded like the cat was going to be sick! Or was possessed by aliens! I put the cat out.
My favorite comment was made by David Huffman, a biology professor at Texas State University in San Marcos. He said, "At first I thought it was someone working with a router." That is, until he realized that the maniacal neighbor using the router (at all hours of day and night) had to be in the top of a tree!
Huffman was surprised by the appearance of Giant Cicadas in San Marcos. He has lived there for three decades and had never heard one until recently. Entomologists suggest that climate change may be allowing this species, along with others, to move slowly northward.
How can an insect, even a large one like the 2-inch long Giant Cicada, make such a loud sound? The amazing sound-producing organs are located on the abdomen of the male. There are two of these tymbals. Inside the organs are membranes edged with chitin. The insect uses special muscles to pull these membranes, producing a click or pop. This sound is somewhat like the pop you make when push down on a jar lid. He can make the pops in such rapid succession that they merge into a buzz or whine.
But the loudness comes from the resonance chamber inside his abdomen. Just before he calls, he sucks in air into an air sac, causing his abdomen to bulge. This large air-filled chamber is like the body of a guitar. It greatly amplifies the sound.
The loudness of a cicada's call has been measured at between 100 to 120 decibels at close range. This is considered to be at the threshold of pain to human ears, if the insect is right at your ear. (I don't think I would let one get that close!)
So how does the male cicada not damage his own ears when he calls? The cicada's eardrums are on its chest, just a fraction of an inch away from its sound-producing tymbals. One theory is that the male cicada can disable its hearing organs while it is making the loud noise. This is interesting, if true. I wonder how he does it.
The whole point of the male cicada's call is to attract the females to the treetops to mate. Once mated, a female will move down the tree to a small branch or twig and lay her eggs in the crevices of the bark. When the eggs hatch, the young fall down and bury themselves in the soil. At this stage, they resemble small wingless adults and are called nymphs. The nymphs feed on the roots of trees, especially legumes like huisache and guayillo, for up to five years. As they grow, they shed their skin five times. On the fifth molting of the exoskeleton, the nymph tunnels out of the ground and climbs up a nearby tree trunk. Clinging by its six legs, its back splits open and the winged adult emerges. The discarded exoskeleton remains attached to the tree.
The newly emerged adults fly off to start a new cycle of life and emit a new chorus of screaming, ear-piercing sound. Aren't you glad you live in South Texas, where you can hear the calls of the Giant Cicada?


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The Cache River - Mississippi River Basin Initiative (MRBI) Project is a voluntary program that provides financial and technical assistance to agricultural producers for addressing water quality concerns in the Cache River watershed.
The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) in partnership with the Arkansas Association of Resource Conservation and Development Councils, Inc., has received funding for the initiative. This funding is available for landowners in portions of Monroe, St. Francis and Woodruff counties.
Collaborating partners are the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission; Woodruff County Conservation District; Monroe County Conservation District; Arkansas Association of Conservation Districts; The Nature Conservancy; and the University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture.
The goal of the project is to assist agriculture producers in cultivating conservation measures and implementing practices to address nutrient management in the watershed. The project will provide agricultural producers the ability to improve their nutrient and water management runoff into the impaired watershed. The area lies within a 2010 MRBI Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program (WREP) project. This will allow landowners to participate in both projects and implement the programs as they apply to the landscape to provide maximum benefit to the land by restoring wetlands, enhancing wildlife habitat and maintaining agricultural productivity.
Funding will be available to eligible landowners through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). NRCS will provide cost-share for a variety of conservation practices for the purpose of reducing the amount of nutrient runoff and soil erosion associated with agricultural production. Land and producer eligibility, adjusted gross income, and all other program criteria for participation in EQIP must be met to participate in this initiative. Agricultural lands are eligible for enrollment in the initiative.
NRCS and associated conservation partners will deliver this program collaboratively. Applications may be obtained and filed with the Natural Resources Conservation Service at:
324 Deep Tillage
328 Conservation Crop Rotation
329 Residue Management, No-Till
340 Cover Crop
393 Filter Strip
410 Grade Stabilization
430 Irrigation Pipeline
436 Irrigation Reservoir
342 Critical Area Planting
447 Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery
449 Irrigation Water Management
464 Irrigation Land Leveling
484 Mulching
533 Pumping Plant
554 Drainage Water Management
587 Structure for Water Control
590 Nutrient Management
607 Surface Drain, Field Ditch
645 Upland Habitat
Nancy Young
State Resource Conservationist
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Kenneth Lee
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(501) 301-3165
Dianne Schlenker
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text:
The players will be assigned to one of two teams to compete against each other on June 3.
The team selections were based on team records, statistics and coaches' recommendations, according to Josh Moore, Intramural/Extramural Specialist.
Other players selected for the team are:
• Shiner's Cole Hybner, Colby Schrade and Mitchell McElroy
• Shiner St. Paul's Brady Cejka and Austin Esse
• Edna's Brent Strickland and Dequann Cantu
• El Campo's Bryce Brandl and Michael Wall
• Yoakum's Keith Ratley and Ryan Kvinta
• Industrial's Brandon Maraggia and Kevin Gibbs
• Victoria East's Hunter Perkins, Aaron Prado and Kyle Davidson
• Refugio's Cameron Sternadel and Colton Carroll
• Ganado's Kenny Kocian
• Victoria St. Joseph's Jerry Vasquez and Eric Alvarez
• Cuero's Logan Goebel and Dustin Ohrt
• Calhoun's Zach Cruz, Santos Alvarado and Devian Cantu
• Gonzales' Devin Benes and Tyler Jonota
• Victoria Faith Academy's Jonathan Luck
• Kenedy's Rolando Zepeda and Jeremy Rodriguez
• Victoria West's Cody Cavazos and Cory Willemin
The game will be at 6 p.m., Monday, June 3 in Riverside Stadium. Admission is $5 for adults, $2 for students and free for children under 5.


text: My daughter was born a month early and because of that was not able to breast feed. She is 3 weeks old now and still not quite ready so i am still pumping. This is my first time pumping and breastfeeding. I pump during the day every 2-3 hours and at night every 3-4 hours and i use the hospital grade medela double pump. When i pump i only get 1.5oz-3oz total. At first it was plenty but my daughter is starting to eat more and some days i am having to give her formula as well. Is it normal for me to only be pumping that amount? I hear about women pumping 6oz in a sitting and i am no where near that. i have tried the mothers milk tea (my LC suggested it) but it made me sick. i am just worried that my supply is low or something. thanks in advance!!!


text:
Janssen Helps Adelphi Squeeze Past Bentley
from press release
GARDEN CITY, N.Y. – The third seeded men's lacrosse team took on the sixth seeded Falcons of Bentley University (5-9) earlier this afternoon on Motamed Field in the first round of the Northeast-10 Tournament. Despite the Falcons striking first in the low scoring affair, three straight periods with two goals in each propelled the Panthers to a 6-4 victory. With the win, Adelphi (13-2) will advance to face the second seeded Warriors of Merrimack in the semifinals.
Nearly six minutes of scoreless action was featured in the opening period. It was not until Bentley's Brendan Grant finally broke the silence at 9:11 with the first goal of the game on an unassisted play.
The Falcons held the 1-0 advantage for nearly 15 minutes until Joe Vitale leveled the playing field with an unassisted score. Just 4:05 later, Joe Celano followed up with a goal of his own on a feed from Jeff Melsopp to take the 2-1 lead which would hold through the half.
1:20 into the third, Matt Dente knotted the game at two on a pass from Brendan Grant. The tie would last nearly seven minutes until Danny Blau, on a nice wrap around shot, gave the Panthers the lead once again at 3-2.
Eight seconds later, off of a successful face off by Greg Puskuldjian, long stick midfielder Kevin Kennedy notched his 12th goal of the season as he beat goalie Brian Karl to put the Panthers up by two.
In the fourth, Vitale and Michael Rossi completed the four-goal run with their second and first goals of the game respectively to give Adelphi their largest lead at 6-2.
In their last charge, Justin Jolmes would get two back for Bentley, but the deficit proved to be too large to come back from as the final seconds ticked away and the horn sounded in favor of Adelphi.
Eric Janssen made a career high 20 saves as he picked up his 13th win of the season and logged all 60 minutes.
The win also marks the 50th career victory for Head Coach Gordon Purdie.
The Brown and Gold return to action in the semifinal round of the Northeast-10 Tournament when they travel to North Andover, MA to take on #2 Merrimack on Friday, May 4 at 4pm.
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The Papacy: Electing a new pope
Published On: Feb 12 2013 09:47:55 AM CST Updated On: Mar 13 2014 02:35:13 PM CDT
One year ago today, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio became Pope Francis. Click here to learn more about the election process and the history of the papacy.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to our Terms of Use.


text:
After the power ballad compilation Past Present Future, Black Mark releases its second compilation featuring the best and hardest tracks like: Madness, To Isengard, To Source Of Pain... Plus many more to highlight Morganas rougher side.
A great CD to kick off any party!
01 Time is god
02 Nowhere Island
03 Malefiction
04 Red moon
05 To isengard
06 Lord of the rings
07 Madness
08 What am I
09 Excalibur
10 Mad messiah
11 Paradise lost
12 Wonderland


text:
Safety, Health, Environment & Risk Management
Evacuation Times During Fire Drills
Fire Drills 2014 - Results
Sep 19/14
SHERM would like to thank all staff, faculty and students at Laurier for participating in this years fire drills. The drills were a tremendous success showing excellent evacuation times.
Waterloo Campus & Kitchener Location Evacuation Times
Brantford Campus Evacuation Times
View all Safety, Health, Environment & Risk Management news
View all Laurier news


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Fashion is an everlasting topic since the day we began to pay attention to how we dressed. If you are looking for fashion, this is the right place to come. You can find the right midi skirt dress here from Fashionmia's latest and hottest collection of midi skirt dress. We provide customers fashion items like midi skirt dress with totally affordable price and high quality. Come discover the midi skirt dress you need from our suggestion and guide to save time in choosing the most suitable midi skirt dress. Have fun shopping online at Fashionmia.
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text:
IC Validator is a complete physical verification tool, performing the increasingly complex DRC and LVS sign-off checks. In addition, it has been specifically architected for In-Design physical verification. In-Design physical verification means that the Place and Route engineers can run DRC and practical DFM steps alongside place and route within the familiar IC Compiler physical design environment.
In this video, Synopsys Chairman and CEO, Dr. Aart de Geus shares his view on the broad and rapid adoption of this new technology and how it could change physical verification going forward.
IC Validator is a full, sign-off quality verification tool that delivers the highest performance to enable significantly improved time-to-tapeout with better DFM closure. Hear what Antun Domic, senior vice president and general manager of Synopsys' Implementation Group, has to say about this new physical verification solution.


text:
Please login first to complete purchase/ quotation request, view custom order reports, or create favorites list.
Don't have an account with us yet? Please set up an account to place order or obtain customer services.
A generic MMP fluorescent substrate, originally prepared as a substrate for fibroblast collagenase. The quenching of the Trp fluorescence in the intact substrate is relieved upon hydrolysis of the P1-P1 bond, giving rise to a continuously recording fluorescence assay. The hydrolysis rates of the FRET peptide rival or exceed that of its natural protein substrates. This substrate also demonstrates that its water solubility in the typical MMP assay buffer exceeds the Km value for the enzyme, allowing accurate determination of the kinetic parameters. Abs/Em = 280/360 nm.


text:
Buy for$11.99(9 items)
Written by Guest on 12.01.2013 at 00:25
Not only their best 70s album but its in my opinion even their best studio album in general. Its also very influential.
Written by M C Vice on 27.08.2013 at 12:39
Does anyone know who the 1st verse of Hero's End is about? I assume the 2nd is about Hendrix.


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Has anyone considered donating their extra breastmilk? www.HMBANA.org
Has anyone considered donating their extra breastmilk? www.HMBANA.org
wow I never heard of that, that's awesome
Proud Army Wife to James
Loving Mommy to DS Gavin: March 16, 2006 and DSS Cody: Feb 13, 1998
I wanted to so badly ... I had a massive oversupply that I was unknowingly making worse by pumping (or, rather, knowingly - but I kept at it on the advice of a bad lactation consultant). Since we don't do bottles or expressed milk feeds, I accumulated a stash in the freezer of over 700 oz!! But because I had thrush for 3 months I wasn't able to donate it. I just threw it all out last month ... oh, that killed me seeing all that liquid gold go to waste when so many babies need breast milk so badly.
Mama to Adeline Brett, breastfed for 4.5 years (12/14/05) and little Eliza June, new tiny sprite in my arms and still learning the ropes (7/18/10)
Family Blog • If I'm here I'm nursing and typing one handed ... forgive the typos!
And I'm not a newbie at all ... I'm trying to get my old user ID working from back in the day ... paint-the-moon
What matters is that you wanted to! You had other babies' health in mind, and didn't want to transmit thrush!
I hate even wasting one drop of my own milk, so I'm sure that was a loss for you!
I'm glad that you had extra to share! I'm currently in the process of relactating... so I could use some spare milk! I'm only making 1/2 oz. per day!
Keep up the good work, and milk!
Wow, I just checked out your website! What a beautiful display of pictures! I can tell how much you love your daughter!
Wow, that's so crazy! I assume the milk isn't pasturized when you buy it "black market" either... I would rather just give it away, personally! It's just sad that every baby can't have their own mommie's milk!
Thanks for posting. This is really neat. I've always heard of donating milk but wasn't sure how to do it. DS and I are coming up on the one year mark and I'm sure I'll have some extra milk from there on out.
That's great Maia! I hope you'll enjoy "sharing!"
I am a breastmilk donor. I average 100 oz a month to our local milk bank. It is such a great feeling knowing that your helping out preemie and/or sick babies. As the mom of a preemie, I know first hand the benefits of breastmilk, she has not had a ounce of formula since she left the NICU on 10/21/2005, which I am extremly proud of. They are pretty strict on what can be donated due to drug interactions with preemies. They usually will not take any breastmilk if your baby is over a year old due to it does not have the calories that a preemie would need, some will for their outpaitents, but usually the cut off is 1 year. I know if I take some tylenol or sinus meds, the milk I pump out for the next 8 hours cannot be donated, I have two diffrent areas in my freezer, one for donation to the mothers milk bank, and the other that they cannot use due to I was sick, DD was sick, I took some medications that is on their list not to take or I took a herbal something or other and donate for a certian time, etc.....It's really easy, all it takes is a blood test. BTW, what the milk bank doesen't get, my sister gets for her daughter, she comes up short pumping at work and instead of supplementing with formula, she supplements with mine. Since shes my sister, we don't have a problem with doing it. I know the LLL stance is against sharing of milk or cross nursing, but in my opinion, it is everyones personal decision.
Last edited by babygirlsmom1005; September 20th, 2006 at 09:35 AM.
It isn't pasturized, the equipment for that is extremly expensive. I know here in Texas it is illegal to sell breastmilk, I know it goes on, but I rather donate it, I would rather give the gift than sell it.Originally Posted by Carrie'sMommy


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Stock Futures Point Downward as China Sinks
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Stock futures were falling, pointing to an extension of the S&P 500's steepest one-month decline in over a year on concern China's economy is sharply weakening amid liquidity concerns and the Federal Reserve plans to reduce its stimulus measures.
The Shanghai composite plummeted 5.3% on Monday, its most severe single-session drop in nearly four years as the People's Bank of China indicated the country's largest banks should limit risky loans to strengthen their balance sheets.
Futures for the S&P 500 were falling 15.75 points, or 17.13 points below fair value, to 1,568.25.
Stocks with heavy exposure to the world's second largest economy were sinking. For instance, Yum! Brands
The index has slid 2.35% so far this month and is on track for its most severe monthly retreat since May of last year. The S&P is down more than 4% from its record intraday high reached on May 21, driven by expectations that the Fed is poised to taper its bond-buying program that has helped the gauge climb more than 100% from its March 2009 lows.
Tenet Healthcare
Futures for the Dow Jones Industrial Average were tumbling 136 points, or 144.4 points below fair value, to 14,575. Futures for the Nasdaq were slipping 22.25 points, or 27.29 points below fair value, to 2,842.75.
The Dallas Fed general business activity index for June is expected at 10:30 a.m. EDT. The index stayed negative in May but rose five points to minus 10.5 last month.
Dallas Federal Reserve Bank President Richard Fisher at 1 p.m. is expected to speak about monetary policy in London.
The FTSE in London was falling 1.27%, while the DAX in Germany was down 1.1%. The Hong Kong Hang Seng index settled off 2.22% and the Nikkei 225 in Japan closed down 1.26%.


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Arizona Diamondbacks
Report: Justin Upton blocks trade to Seattle Mariners
So maybe the Arizona Diamondbacks are shopping Justin Upton after all?
According to a report by FoxSports.com's Ken Rosenthal and Jon Morosi, the D-backs (for now) right fielder blocked a trade that would have sent him to the Seattle Mariners.
Seattle is on the list of teams Upton can veto a trade to.
The D-Backs would have received a package of young talent from the Mariners, sources say, but the identity of the other players in the trade is not known.
Upton's rejection of the Mariners could be an attempt by him to leverage the Diamondbacks into sending him to a more preferred destination. The D-Backs, meanwhile, could be telling Upton that Seattle is his only option if he wants to leave Arizona, and for that reason it's always possible that a deal could revive.
Though Upton has been on the trade block for the better part of the last three years, this would seem to be the first time a deal was struck that would have sent him out of Arizona.
The 25-year-old Upton is coming off a season in which he hit .280 with 17 home runs and 67 RBI. It was a down year for both the player and his team. He is owed $38.5 million over the next three years, which is a reasonable rate given the production he can give a team.
However, many wonder why the Diamondbacks seem to be so set on trading the former number one pick. An MVP candidate just two seasons ago, it's possible Upton's best years are still ahead of him. Moving him now, before he even reaches his prime, could come back to haunt the Diamondbacks for years to come, regardless of what they get in return.
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Jeff Mathis discusses signing with the D-backs, being a defensive catcher and his quiet hands.
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Taijuan Walker discusses getting traded to the D-backs, what he learned from Felix Hernandez and who
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MLB finally eliminated the dumbest rule in sports
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Thursday December 1
Another NFL team gaming the system, an unprepared head coach, and a replacement for the "Party Sub
Doug and Wolf's Starting Five
Thursday December 1
Doug and Wolf list the top five stories of the day.


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Nutrition Facts
Serving Size ½ of recipe
Calories 280
Total Fat 15 g
Saturated Fat 5 g
Sodium 494 mg
Total Carbohydrate 1 g
Dietary Fiber 0 g
Protein 33.5 g
Ingredients and Preparation
Ingredients Measures
Large egg 1
Water ½ tablespoon
Dash of salt
Pepper to taste
Grated Parmesan cheese 1/3 cup
Basil, chopped 2 tablespoons
Turkey breast cutlets, cut into smaller pieces if long ½ pound
Olive oil 1 tablespoon
- Mix together the egg, water, salt, pepper, cheese, and basil in a small bowl.
- Place cutlets between 2 sheets of plastic wrap and pound with a meat mallet or the palm of your hand until about ¼ inch thick.
- Heat olive oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat.
- Dip cutlets in the egg mixture, and then cook until golden and cooked through, about 2-3 minutes on each side.


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"I'm always floored, not only by the knowledge-ability of the Catholic Answers Live people, but especially by their civility."
"Approaching, do not come with your palms stretched flat nor with fingers separated. But making your left hand a seat for your right, and hollowing your palm, receive the Body of Christ, responding Amen. And having with care hallowed your eyes by the touch of the Holy Body, take it, vigilant lest you drop any of it."


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Name Calling or general rude behavior is no longer acceptable in the Cafe, We are adults which means that we should be able to debate without resorting to name calling. Warnings will be given out if users fail to act appropriately.Dismiss Notice
Marijuana soda, Marijuana drinks how to?
Discussion in 'Cooking With Cannabis' started by tryingtogrow89, Jul 28, 2011.
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Page 2 of 2


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Enthusiasts of electronic and house music, here's the perfect T-shirt to mark your preferences.
It will be an integral part of your attire for your nightly outings and be ideal to participate in festivals.
To incorporate a bit of your personality in your T-shirt, you can select the color and the model.
When you've made your decision, you only have to valid and indicate your size.
We will then ship it to you as quickly as we can.
This House/Electro T-shirt is the ideal gift for your music-loving friends.
Vary your pleasures with all our music T-shirts
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Blue Ruched Square Neck Top
Style: 570107343
Out of Stock
Square is the new sexy. With flattering ruching and smooth, slimming sides, this square neck tee is our favorite new essential. Keyhole cutouts and square metal hardware adorn the elbow-length sleeves.
- Stretch fit.
- Front is lined for a soft fit.
- Body: 95% rayon, 5% spandex. Lining: 95% polyester, 5% spandex. Machine wash. Imported.
- Hits at mid-hip (25" from shoulder).
Read more… Read less…


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That said, it's all too fitting that Popovich would hire the first full-time female coach in the NBA's history.
Becky Hammon will sit alongside the likes of Tim Duncan and Tony Parker next season, just months after her own playing career ends.
But she'll be taking a spot on the bench not because she's a female or because there's a perceived pressure to hire a female coach.
She will take that spot on the bench because she deserves it, because she knows the game, and knows how to coach it.
I'm sure there will be many doubters and naysayers, all of them men for certain.
But I, for one, think the move is yet another stroke of genius by Popovich.
Hammon brings a different perspective to the bench. She doesn't see the game like Popovich's other assistants; she processes things differently.
In a league rife with ever-changing philosophies, having a coach with a fresh perspective is smart.
That's why the Spurs have had success under Popovich. He's smart and does what it takes to gain an edge over his opponents.
And make no mistake, Hammon being on the bench is an edge for the Spurs.
It's no secret around the WNBA that Hammon was destined to coach.
Basketball is in her DNA.
Her 23rd chromosomal pair might as well be an X and an O instead of just two X's.
Her ability to dissect just about everything regarding just about every play has set her apart in the WNBA.
It also will set her apart in the NBA.
Well, that and a few other things obviously.
But Spurs fans shouldn't care about those other things.
Hammon's presence could very well help the Spurs win another title in 2015.
And, when you get down to brass tacks, isn't that all that matters?


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How about you take Melo's dick out of your arse first? He is cancer to the team. His records with the Knicks speaks for itself.
Who makes 100mil and plays like s scrub?
Who shot 40% for the season?
Who lead the team to a 8-15 record and 2-8 record?
Who doesn't hustle or play hard?
STFU already!! Everyone knew Melo is a pos garbage. Only fanboi like you take his BS!


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The figures quoted, and the figures used for all charts presented are the official figures for ALL clubs under the auspices of the RFL, nobody has been deliberately added in nor anyone deliberately left out.
I can't dispute that, it is factually accurate. I would simply add, 'under the auspices of the RFL' seems to be an unnecessarily narrow parameter given that Catalans Dragons did exist, under the auspices of FFR, prior to their entry into SL and were drawing crowds, albeit not of the level they do now.


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So you want to double down on who wins more games this year Eagles/Browns?
"I'm a moron for thinking the Browns could even sniff 10 wins in a division where the other three teams (two of whom almost always make the playoffs) made the post-season last year. Gyp Rosetti's thee God of football knowledge." - Brown Notes
Von Miller is not the NFL sacks leader with 13. What do you all think his chances are of winning the DPY?
Also Dumervil has 8 sacks (tied for 10th). Does Denver have the best pass rush in the NFL?
Miller -13
Dumervil - 8
Woodyard & Wolfe - 3
Harris - 2.5
Vickerson - 2
Adams, AYers & Trevathan - 1
Mays - .5
#1 team in sacks at 35.
#BelieveInLindsey #BelieveInSnyder
Watts 49 39 10 11.5 0 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 11 10 25 0
Miller 46 38 8 13.0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 35 0
I see Miller as that right behind Watts. The clear exception is passes defended. Watts is clearly better there. Nice to see that 2 of the best linemen in the NFL are both sophmores. Some exceptionally good talent there. I see them being compared to each other for their entire careers.
#BelieveInLindsey #BelieveInSnyder
Alex Smith is out tonight against Chicago due to the concussion from last week. Colin Kaepernick will make his first NFL start. I sure hope he's ready to face a tough Bears defense. It's the battle of the backups with Campbell starting for Chicago.
Well, last year I said the Bears would make the playoffs with Caleb Hanie, and pretty much got **** in the face with that prediction, so this year I'm reversing the trend. The Bears will lose every game Jay Cutler doesn't start.
Life is like watching Fast and the Furious 6. It's not easy, most of the time it's just dumb and pointless, everything is fake, there is a lot of noise, but if you close your eyes and picture yourself in an open field or a quiet forest, you can maybe make it to the end without killing yourself.
I hate the 49ers. They just seem like a cheap team.
About UsWe are a community of Utah JazzFanz that are passionate about our team. We celebrate the highs that come with last second heroics and (some of us) cry in defeat. Welcome to our community. Be respectful of others and join in to the conversation...


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Faculty of Science
Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies announces new Assistant Dean appointment
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Aug 9/12
Dr. Joan Norris, Dean, Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies is pleased to announce the one-year appointment of Dr. Matt Smith, associate professor of biology, as Assistant Dean in the Faculty of Graduate & Postdoctoral Studies.
Matts primary responsibility is to enhance the postdoctoral fellows experience at Laurier, by working with faculty supervisors and postdoctoral fellows. He represents the university on the Canadian Association of Postdoctoral Administrators, will design and implement an individual development plan for postdoctoral fellows, and continue to serve on Faculty committees established to address professionalization needs of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows.
Matt is a graduate of Laurier, obtaining a BSc in Honours Biology in 1995. He then obtained his PhD in Biology from the University of Waterloo in 2000, and went on to do a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He joined the Department of Biology at Laurier in 2004, where as a molecular plant cell biologist and biochemist, he studies intracellular protein trafficking. Specifically, his lab focuses on the mechanism of protein targeting and import into chloroplasts, the intracellular compartments of plant cells in which photosynthesis takes place. Since joining the Department of Biology, he has been successful in obtaining research funding from NSERC (including an NSERC Discovery Accelerator in 2010) and other funding agencies (including an Ontario Early Researcher Award in 2007). He has used his funding to help support his research program and the training of highly-qualified personnel; he has supervised or co-supervised 8 Masters students, 2 PhD students, 3 postdocs, and many undergraduates. He has been appointed to an NSERC Discovery Grant Evaluation Group (Genes, Cells & Molecules) starting in 2013. His teaching has included undergraduate courses in Introductory Biology (BI110), Cell Biology (BI338), Molecular Biology (BI346), and Recombinant DNA Technology (BI441), as well as graduate courses in Research Ethics and Writing (BI600) and Plant Biology (BI610). He served as Acting Associate Dean in the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (2011-12).
Individuals wanting information about postdoctoral fellowships at Laurier are invited to contact Matt by e-mail at email@example.com, or by phone at 519-884-0710, ext. 2916.
Learn more about postdoctoral fellows at Laurier.


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News Releases
/ Cropland National Assessment
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The purpose of the National Assessment for Cropland is to estimate the environmental benefits and effects of conservation practices applied to cultivated cropland and cropland enrolled in long-term conserving cover (e.g. the Conservation Reserve Program).
The Cropland Component of the National Assessment has three specific goals:
The ultimate goal of the Cropland Component is to report conservation effects in terms that represent recognizable outcomes, such as cleaner water and soil quality enhancements that will result in more sustainable and profitable production over time.
The Cropland Component uses a sampling and modeling approach to estimate the benefits of conservation practices. The approach consists of four basic steps or activities:
The CEAP Cropland National Assessment is a collaborative effort led by NRCS in partnership with USDA's Agricultural Research Service and Texas Agri-Life Research of Texas A&M University. USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service and Farm Service Agency also contribute.
There are a series of documentation reports and associated publications by the modeling team and others that serve as references on the CEAP Cropland modeling methodology, models and databases.
The findings of the CEAP Watershed Assessment studies will be used to refine the methods and models used in the National Assessment to better simulate and estimate the effects of conservation practices. CEAP Watershed Assessment findings will also be used to verify relative trends in results from the regional Cropland National Assessments. Formerly cropped wetlands are addressed within the scope of the CEAP Wetlands National Assessment. The effects of cropland conservation practices on wildlife or aquatic species are addressed within the scope of the CEAP Wildlife National Assessment and in some CEAP Watershed Assessment Studies.
Lee Norfleet
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Welsh corgi: Refined gentlemen offer charm, distinction
The man who owns a Welsh corgi is typically a man of distinction. You will be mesmerized by their charm and their social ease.
They are gentlemen of the purest form and tend to have an interest in a wide variety of topics from artisan activities, to British Literature, to history, to dark humor, to gastronomical pursuits.
Yet never mistake their gentle breeding with weakness as this is simply not the case.
They are well respected among their male counterparts and prefer their women friends and companions to also hold themselves to of the highest standards. They give themselves a high bar by which to live and expect the same out of their mate.
If you win the heart of a man like this, you will be the queen of his world forever.
Mixed breed: Honorable men rescue 'mutts' from shelters
A man who intentionally chooses mutt ownership is likely to be a decent and sensible human being. "Mongrels" are statistically healthier, less expensive and can possess any combination of desirable breed traits.
It is honorable to rescue a shelter dog, most of which are of mixed breeds. The ideal dog-loving man is one who is willing to offer his home to an elderly dog or to one with chronic issues which cannot otherwise be adopted.
Plus, a guy who questions the mere perpetuation of intentional canine over-breeding may just have a James Dean-type rebel streak in his blood, which is always hot.
So if you can score a dude with an elderly mutt he's recently adopted, it's likely this man can be your moral compass throughout your life of good deeds together.
Do not let this man get away as he is by far a rare breed.