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The Cup That Jesus Drinks
We do not know who will have the highest place of honor after Jesus in the kingdom of God. We do know, however, that honor in the kingdom will come only as we drink Jesus' cup and are baptized with ...Read More
Christ's Law-Based Ethic
Christians are ambassadors of Christ, representatives of His sovereign reign over creation. As such, we have a special responsibility to represent our Lord's actual teaching. The only way we can do that is through careful study of our Savior's words. ...Read More
Of Whom the Son of Man Will Be Ashamed
Matthew Henry comments, "They shall not share with [Christ] in his glory then, that were not willing to share with him in his disgrace now." We dare not be ashamed of Christ even when we face ridicule and worse. Although ...Read More
Peter's Confession of Faith
First Timothy 3:15 calls the church "a pillar and buttress of the truth," holding up the truth before the world. Yet if the church is not grounded in the truth, it cannot hold it up before the world. Therefore, insofar ...Read More
Scripture and the Two Natures of Christ
In the interest of "protecting" the humanity of Christ, many people want to believe that He held some incorrect views or taught some wrong things. But if Christ did teach or believe error, that denies His full deity, for God ...Read More
Making Void the Word of God
Matthew Henry comments that "it is the mischief of impositions, that too often they who are zealous for them, have little zeal for the essential duties of religion, but can contentedly see them laid aside." Like the Pharisees, we can ...Read More
Legion Destroys Some Swine
Scripture exhorts us to care for animals and not to be cruel to them. Even so, the Bible never puts the worth of animals on the same level as the worth of humanity. We "are of more value than many ...Read More
Before Abraham Was
Many people think that they are truly free when they can do whatever they want to do—even sin. Yet Scripture repeatedly tells us that true freedom is found in desiring and being able to do what is pleasing to God. ...Read More
The Light of the World
Many people in our relativistic age claim that there are many lights that can illumine the path out of spiritual darkness. Eastern religions, in fact, often speak of people as receiving illumination from Buddha or another respected figure. But Jesus ...Read More
Superior, Not Equal
Many believers have questions about the demonic such as "Can a Christian be demon possessed?" The fact that Satan is not equal in power to God helps us understand that though the devil is mighty, He is still subject to ...Read More


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Learning Center Search Results
Showing 1-5 of 5 results
Quick Start to FamilySearch Account
Registering with FamilySearch is free, secure, and gives you access to Family Tree. Here's how to register and create your username and password.
Record Search Tips on FamilySearch
This video gives users tips for effectively searching for records of their ancestors. It explains how to use filters to bring birth, marriage, death, census, and other records about an ancestor to the top of the search results list.
Step three is to grow your family tree by searching historical records on FamilySearch.org. Your ancestors' everyday milestones and experiences—like birth, marriage, and death—often created historical records that have been indexed and made searchable online. Use Search to find more details about the people in your family story.
Using Online Czech Records: Prague City Archives
Learn how to access and search the collection of digitized vital records of the Prague City Archives (Archiv hlavního města Prahy). Registers (matriky) are available for research on-line through the archives' website at http://www.ahmp.cz/. Registers contain baptism (birth), marriage, and burial (death) information and are definitely the best source for identifying one's relatives in the Czech Republic. Note: Region of Prague not included - see Using Online Czech Records: State Regional Archives in Prague.
Learn about the available databases and tips for finding Scottish ancestors on www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk, the largest online source for Scotland family history research.

subset: commoncrawl


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What Do Volunteers Do?
Counseling teenagers in Belize. Launching an Armenian computer center. Promoting HIV/AIDS awareness in Malawi. Teaching chemistry in a Ghanaian high school. Peace Corps Volunteers work in a wide variety of areas —and no two days are ever the same.
Think of the Peace Corps and you might imagine teaching in a one-room schoolhouse or farming in a remote area of the world. But while education and agriculture are still an important part of what the Peace Corps does, today's Volunteers are just as likely to be working on HIV/AIDS awareness, finding ways to provide fresh, clean water to a community, or working on small-business development.
Peace Corps Volunteers work in the following areas: education, youth outreach, and community development; business development; agriculture and environment; health and HIV/AIDS; and information technology. Within these areas, the specific duties and responsibilities of each Volunteer can vary widely. Ask any Peace Corps Volunteer and he or she will tell you that everybody has a unique experience.
In each area specific description, if you can offer a more detailed description than this standard description the Peace Corps offers, please feel free to include that so others can get a better idea of what certain work areas consist of.
Education, Youth Outreach, and Community Development
Education, youth outreach, and community development Volunteers introduce innovative teaching methodologies, encourage critical thinking in the classroom, and integrate issues like health education and environmental awareness into English, math, science, and other subjects.
Business Development
Business development Volunteers work in education, private businesses, public organizations, government offices, cooperatives, women's and youth groups, and more.
Environment Volunteers work on a wide variety of activities, from teaching environmental awareness to planting trees within a community.
Agriculture Volunteers work with small farmers to increase food production while promoting environmental conservation practices. In tropical regions some volunteers work supporting coffee and chocolate growers. Organic techniques that use cover crops, green fertilizers, organic fertilizers are also used.
Health Volunteers educate and promote awareness issues such as malnutrition and safe drinking water.
HIV/AIDS Volunteers provide hope and meaningful assistance to people affected by HIV/AIDS.
Information Technology
Information and communications technology (ICT) Volunteers help communities capitalize on technologies by teaching computer and multimedia skills, developing regional databases, and implementing networks for non-governmental organizations, businesses and government offices.
External Links
What Do Volunteers Do? Official US Peace Corps Website


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Related Reading
Editor's Note: In this third installment on Traffic Engineering, excerpted from O'Reilly's BGP, learn how to balance inbound traffic.
Because the local router determines the route taken by outgoing packets, it isn't difficult to balance outbound traffic over multiple connections. The situation for inbound traffic is different. There are only a few routes you can influence to shift incoming traffic patterns: one for each address block for each ISP you connect to, instead of tens of thousands for outgoing traffic. In the typical multihoming case, with one address block and two ISPs, this leaves you with just two routes that can be manipulated to change inbound traffic distribution. This manipulation can take the form of:
Setting the MED
Prepending the AS path
Setting outbound communities
You can also decide to "cheat" and break up a single address block that would normally be announced as a single route into several smaller blocks, so you can announce each separately, with different properties, for more fine-grained control.
The MED metric is intended to be used only between two neighboring ASes. It isn't communicated to ASes beyond the neighboring AS. For this reason, the use of the MED in balancing incoming traffic is limited to the situation where there is more than one connection between two ASes: setting a higher MED for one route will make the traffic flow over the other. This is useful when one of the connections is of a much higher bandwidth, and the second one is a lower-bandwidth backup. Because you don't know whether the
bgp bestpath med missing-as-worst command is in effect on the router terminating your connections at the other end, always set MEDs for the routes over both connections, as is shown in Example 6-11.
Example 6-11: Setting outbound MED values
router bgp 60055
neighbor 220.127.116.11 remote-as 40077
neighbor 188.8.131.52 route-map ispa-out out
neighbor 22.214.171.124 remote-as 50066
neighbor 126.96.36.199 route-map ispb-out out
route-map ispa-out permit 10
set metric 10
route-map ispb-out permit 10
set metric 20
We are now trying to influence incoming traffic, so we have to manipulate outgoing routing updates and apply the route maps to the neighbors using the
neighbor ... route-map ... out command.
In This Series
Traffic Engineering: Queuing, Traffic Shaping, and Policing
Traffic Engineering: Specific Routes
Traffic Engineering: Local Routing Policy
Traffic Engineering: Finding the Right Route
TIP: The MED metric you see in the BGP table is never announced to eBGP neighbors. If you want a neighbor to receive a MED, you have to configure an outbound route map to set the MED for this neighbor.
When you bring up your second BGP session, you soon get to see how much traffic your routes attract over both ISPs. In many cases, the traffic will be distributed fairly equally over both connections, or one connection receives more traffic but there is enough spare capacity (for inbound traffic) so this isn't a problem. But maybe one connection attracts more traffic than it can handle, or you have one big pipe and a smaller one, and the traffic volumes are equal (or at least they try to be). Under these circumstances, you'll want to shift part of the incoming traffic load from one connection to the other. The most powerful option to change incoming traffic patters is making the AS path longer. This is effective, because the path is preserved between ASes, and BGP implementations use the path length early in the route selection algorithm. The biggest problem with making the AS path longer by prepending your own AS number to the path one or more extra times is that it may be too effective. Example 6-12 shows a configuration that prepends the path for the routes announced to an upstream ISP.
Example 6-12: Prepending the path for outbound routes
router bgp 60055
neighbor 18.104.22.168 remote-as 50066
neighbor 188.8.131.52 route-map ispb-out out
route-map ispb-out permit 10
set as-path prepend 60055
The way the route map works should be familiar by now. Rather than applying the route map for incoming routes, the
ispb-out permit 10 route map is used for outbound route updates. The number 10 is superfluous here, because there is only a single route map, but the router adds it to the configuration if you don't type it in yourself. The
set clause adds 60055 to all routes.
Make sure all routes with prepended paths are accepted by your ISP and upstream networks. It isn't uncommon for the AS path filters that ISPs use to filter routes from customers not to allow path prepending. There usually isn't a good reason for this; it's just that allowing path prepending makes for more complex filters. If, after configuring path prepending, you use one or more looking glasses to see if they now receive your route in its prepended state, you may see only the unprepended route over your other ISP. It isn't always clear whether this means the route wasn't accepted, or routers further upstream just prefer the unprepended path over your other ISP because of the shorter AS path. The only way to make sure is to temporarily disable the BGP session to the nonprepended ISP:
router bgp 60055
neighbor 220.127.116.11 shutdown
If the prepended route doesn't show up on remote looking glasses, or remote destinations on the Net become unreachable after shutting down your unprepended ISP, there must be a filter somewhere. Don't forget to let route propagation settle for a minute or two before drawing conclusions. You can determine where filtering takes place by tracerouting to an unreachable destination. The ASes that show up in the traceroute don't filter the prepended AS path. The filter must be between the last AS that shows up in the traceroute and the first one that doesn't. If your ISP is the one filtering out prepended routes, you can ask them to change their filters, but if the problem is further upstream, there is probably not a lot you can do. Don't forget to reenable the BGP session to your other ISP:
router bgp 60055
no neighbor 184.108.40.206 shutdown
TIP: The filter that prohibits routes with prepended paths from finding their way may be located inside your own router. It's best always to allow prepending your own AS, even if you don't plan on prepending in the near future:
ip as-path access-list 2 permit ^(60055_)*$
This regular expression matches all AS paths consisting of the beginning of the line (
^), zero or more (
()*) times the AS number, a space (
_), and then the end of the line (
$). In other words: an empty AS path or an AS path with just the AS number 60055.
Suppose you multihome to two ISPs that are similar: they interconnect at mostly the same NAPs and Internet Exchanges, and they peer with mostly the same networks. Under these circumstances, other networks see two similar paths for the routes you announce. Figure 6-4 shows an example of this.
Figure 6-4. Multihoming to similar ISPs
If AS E (the example multihomed network, AS 60055) wants to receive more traffic over ISP A and thus makes the AS path longer over ISP B, the majority of traffic will flow over the ISP A, which now has the shorter path. In a situation with two similar ISPs, AS path prepending gives them only three choices:
The default traffic distribution, which may or may not be balanced
Longer path over ISP A: majority of traffic comes in over ISP B
Longer path over ISP B: majority of traffic comes in over ISP A
Table 6-1 shows which route is preferred in the situation shown in Figure 6-4 without path prepending, with prepending the path to ISP A, and with prepending the path to ISP B.
Table 6-1: Prepended paths over similar ISPs
|Traffic distribution
|Prepend to A
|No prepending
|Prepend to B
For the purposes of calculating the traffic distribution, it's assumed that A always handles 15% of the traffic, B always 10%, and ASes X, Y, and Z are all the source of 25% of incoming traffic. ASes with "even" letters (X, Z) prefer to send traffic over ISP B when the paths are of equal length; "odd" ASes (Y) prefer ISP A in this example. The preferred path is listed in bold type in the table.
When the two ISPs are not as similar, increasing the length of the AS path has a more gradual effect, because the paths over ISPs A and B aren't the same for all networks. Figure 6-5 shows multihoming to dissimilar ISPs.
Figure 6-5. Multihoming to dissimilar ISPs
In this example, ISP B is a much smaller ISP that doesn't peer with networks X and Y, but rather buys transit service from AS C to reach those networks. Networks V and W don't peer directly with ISP A, so even if the path over ISP B becomes a lot longer, they'll still prefer to send traffic to AS E over ISP B. Because this is a peering link, sending the traffic over this route is cheaper. Network Z, on the other hand, will immediately route traffic over ISP A when the path over ISP B is prepended, because the connections to both A and B are peering links. Table 6-2 shows the possible traffic distribution using prepending.
Table 6-2: Prepended paths over dissimilar ISPs
|Traffic distribution
|2 to ISP A
|1 to ISP A
|No prepending
|1 to ISP B
The traffic distribution in this example is 15% from ISP A, 5% from ISP B and ASes V and W, 10% from AS C, and 20% from ASes X, Y, and Z.
TIP: All else being equal, it's a good idea to select dissimilar ISPs, for instance, one tier-1 ISP that peers with all the other large networks, and one tier-2 ISP that peers with many small networks. This way, you have a wide range of traffic engineering options.
In many cases you'll want to prepend the path for certain upstream networks or peers of a transit ISP and not for others. For instance, if two of your ISPs have a transit network in common, you might want to have one ISP announce a prepended path to this transit network without changing the path that other transit networks and peers see over that ISP. To avoid spending a lot of time implementing this type of policy upon customer request, many ISPs provide their customers (and sometimes their peers) with a list of communities that trigger actions such as path prepending and setting the Local Preference. This can then be done for each route individually.
Communities were introduced in BGP by RFC 1997. This RFC also defines the three well-known communities listed in Table 6-3.
Table 6-3: Well-known communities
|Well-known community
no-export (
|Don't advertise this route to eBGP peers.
no-advertise (
|Don't advertise this route to any peers, iBGP, or eBGP.
no-export-subconfed (
|Advertise this route to iBGP peers with the same AS number, but not to other confederation members.
These communities can be useful under certain circumstances, for example, if an ISP wants to set the
no-export community on routes it sends to a customer to make sure the customer doesn't accidentally announce the ISP's routes to another ISP. If the customer provides transit services to customers of his own, however, they won't receive the route unless the original customer of the ISP removes the
no-advertise community.
WARNING: Setting the
no-advertise, or
no-export-subconfed communities can have the (possibly unwanted) side effect that no routes are announced, even if there are other routes that would otherwise be eligible for announcement.
For instance, if you set the
no-advertise community on routes announced to ISP B, other customers of ISP B won't see these routes because they aren't advertised. This is as intended. But routes with the same NLRI that ISP B has learned from ISP A will not be advertised either, because ISP B considers the directly received routes with the
no-advertise community best, and only the best route is eligible for further announcement over BGP.
ISPs accepting communities provide their customers with a list of communities they use and what action is taken for each community. It's possible to set several communities for a single route, but the results may be unpredictable if your ISP doesn't expect this. Many networks list the communities they accept in their
AUT-NUM object in the Routing Registry they use. Table 6-4 shows a fairly typical list of communities an ISP might accept.
Table 6-4: An example of communities an ISP accepts
|Set Local Preference to 70.
|Set Local Preference to 90.
|Set Local Preference to 110.
|Announce this route for transit to ISP C.
|Don't announce this route to transit ISP or peer C.
|Prepend AS path to C once.
|Prepend AS path to C twice.
|Prepend AS path to C three times.
|Prepend AS path once at interconnect point I.
|Prepend AS path twice at interconnect point I.
|Prepend AS path three times at interconnect point I.
Some ISPs require you to set a community indicating a route should be announced for transit,
50066:5010 in this example. This isn't common: most networks do the opposite and allow you to set a community indicating the route shouldn't be announced to transit networks. Be sure to notice the subtle difference between not announcing for transit and not announcing to transit networks: in the first case, the potential transit network still receives the announcement, but the route is treated as a peering route and not announced to peers and upstream networks of the transit network. In the latter case, the transit network doesn't get to hear the route at all.
The MED is specifically intended to inform an upstream ISP that one connection should be preferred over another, but today this is often done with communities. Using communities instead of the MED may have benefits internal to the ISP network. For example, the ISP is then free to use the MED for another purpose, as we did for outbound traffic engineering in the beginning of this chapter. And, unlike the MED, using a community to set the Local Preference inside an ISP network also makes it possible to use a link to an ISP as a backup for a link to another ISP. When the Local Preference is set sufficiently low for the intended backup connection, the ISP it connects to will completely ignore the route and always send traffic over the other ISP as long as there is a route present over this ISP. This can't be accomplished with the MED; the AS path length overrides it, the MED isn't communicated from AS to AS, and by default, the MED is looked at only when two connections terminate at the same AS.
The impact of changing the Local Preference depends on the Local Preference values an ISP uses for routes learned from transit, peers, and customers. In this example, that would be 80 for transit, 100 for peers, and 120 for customers. If you have a fast main connection to this ISP along with a slower backup connection, you'll probably want to set community
50066:110 for routes announced over the backup connection. This makes sure all traffic flows over the main connection and the backup connection is used only when the main connection is unavailable. It's also possible to do this when you connect to two different ISPs: to ISP A with a main connection, and to ISP B with a backup connection. Then you'll want to set community
50066:90 or even
50066:70 so ISP B sends all traffic for you over a peering or transit connection to ISP A.
Example 6-13 shows a configuration for the router terminating the backup connection to ISP B. The main, high-bandwidth connection terminates at another router.
Example 6-13: Setting a community to indicate a backup route
router bgp 60055
neighbor 188.8.131.52 remote-as 50066
neighbor 126.96.36.199 route-map ispb-backup-out out
neighbor 220.127.116.11 send-community
route-map ispb-backup-out permit 10
set community 50066:5010 50066:70
The community
50066:5010 makes this route eligible for announcement as a transit route over AS C, but the community
50066:70 makes sure this route has the lowest possible Local Preference in ISP B's network. Thus, ISP B won't use it as long as there is any other route with the same NLRI (prefix), even if this means routing the traffic over ISP A.
TIP: By default, Cisco routers accept incoming communities but don't transmit them over iBGP or eBGP. The
send-community command enables sending communities to a neighbor.
Some smaller ISPs have path-prepending communities for each peer, but even medium-sized ISPs peer with many networks, so this soon gets out of hand. More often, an ISP has communities to prepend the path to each of its transit ISPs individually, as well as communities to prepend the path for an entire interconnect point. Our example ISP B (AS 50066) accepts path prepending communities for ISP X and interconnect point I.
AS W in Figure 6-5 (shown earlier this chapter) connects both directly to ISP B and also over transit AS C and then ISP B. Supposing the peering link between AS W and ISP B is congested, we'll want incoming traffic from AS W to flow over ISP C. This is accomplished by prepending the path ISP B announces to AS W twice, as is done in the configuration in Example 6-14.
Example 6-14: Setting a community to prepend the path
router bgp 60055
neighbor 126.96.36.199 remote-as 50066
neighbor 126.96.36.199 route-map ispb-out out
neighbor 18.104.22.168 send-community
route-map ispb-out permit 10
set community 50066:5010 50066:10041
Unfortunately, it's not possible to do something similar for outbound traffic: this will still flow over the congested connection between ISP B and AS C. This isn't the case if it's routed over ISP A and not over ISP B, of course, as is done in Example 6-4 earlier this chapter (in a previous article). Also, setting community
50066:10041 means the path is prepended twice towards all peers at this interconnect point. This may be undesirable, for instance if AS Z connects to ISP B over the same interconnect point as AS W. AS Z now sees the path
C B B E over ISP B and the much shorter path AS E over ISP A, so traffic from AS Z will now come in over the connection to ISP A.
In the next installment learn how to announce more specific routes. When prepending the path and setting communities for outbound routes aren't enough to balance incoming traffic, this is the only step left to take. However, because a more specific route always takes precedence over a less specific route, this technique always works.
Iljitsch van Beijnum has been working with BGP in ISP and end-user networks since 1996.
Return to ONLamp.com.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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Millions of engineers and scientists worldwide use MATLAB® to analyze and design the systems and products transforming our world. MATLAB is in automobile active safety systems, interplanetary spacecraft, health monitoring devices, smart power grids, and LTE cellular networks. It is used for machine learning, signal processing, image processing, computer vision, communications, computational finance, control design, robotics, and much more.
The MATLAB platform is optimized for solving engineering and scientific problems. The matrix-based MATLAB language is the world's most natural way to express computational mathematics. Built-in graphics make it easy to visualize and gain insights from data. A vast library of prebuilt toolboxes lets you get started right away with algorithms essential to your domain. The desktop environment invites experimentation, exploration, and discovery. These MATLAB tools and capabilities are all rigorously tested and designed to work together.
MATLAB helps you take your ideas beyond the desktop. You can run your analyses on larger data sets and scale up to clusters and clouds. MATLAB code can be integrated with other languages, enabling you to deploy algorithms and applications within web, enterprise, and production systems.
Discover what you can do with MATLAB.
Express engineering and scientific computations clearly using the matrix-based MATLAB language.Learn more
Explore more ideas in less time using an environment tuned to the way you work.Learn more
Take your algorithms and analytics beyond research into production.Learn more
Discover more about MATLAB by exploring these resources.
Explore documentation for MATLAB functions and features, including release notes and code examples.
Browse the list of available MATLAB functions.
Connect MATLAB to hardware platforms.
Learn MATLAB interactively and at your own pace.
View system requirements for the latest release of MATLAB.
Find answers to questions and explore troubleshooting resources.
There are many ways to start using MATLAB and Simulink products. Download a free trial, or explore pricing and licensing options.
MATLAB is the foundation for all products, including Simulink®. Explore add-on products and find out how you can extend MATLAB capabilities.
GPU Computing with MATLAB Learn how MATLAB users can leverage NVIDIA GPUs to accelerate computationally intensive applications in areas such as image processing, signal processing, and computational finance.
MATLAB Programming Techniques (Training) This course provides hands-on experience using the features in the MATLAB language to write efficient, robust, and well-organized code.


text:
Clarendon backs big wind banBy SANDI SWITZER
Correspondent | February 12,2013CLARENDON — Proposed state legislation that would place a moratorium on large scale wind projects has municipal backing.
The Clarendon Select Board supports a senate bill calling for a three-year moratorium on industrial sized wind projects.
The proposed legislation also calls for Act 250 to oversee the permitting process for energy generation proposals, rather than the Public Service Board.
"The important part of this bill is it brings it right down to the local level," Select Board Chairman Michael Klopchin said at Monday's board meeting.
Selectman Robert Congdon Jr. drafted a letter to be distributed to Rutland County senators and Statehouse representatives.
Congdon wrote more studies needed to be conducted on environmental impacts of wind generation and to ensure maximum efficiency of proposed projects.
"If wind energy is as beneficial as developers are making it sound, then there is no reason more time cannot be taken putting together proposals and seeking the best interest of all parties involved," Congdon wrote.
For the complete story, see Wednesday's Rutland Herald.MORE IN This Just InBARRE TOWN Firefighters faced a collection of adverse conditions as a house on Granitville Road... Full StoryWILLISTON Police are asking for help identifying the man who tried to steal roughly $800 worth ... Full StoryNEWBURY Police said somebody stole booze and change from a Welch Road residence. Full Story
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text:
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
Dementia is a gradual and progressive decline in memory, thinking and reasoning skills. There are several disorders that can cause dementias. Dementias can affect daily life from bathing and cooking to finding one's way home. The most common cause of dementia in the United States is Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease also may affect a person's personality and behavior and relationships with family and friends. Education and supportive services can improve the quality of life for patients with Alzheimer's disease and their families.
Learn More About Alzheimer's Disease
- Frequently Asked Questions
- How Can I Get Help?
- Additional Resources


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(NewsUSA) - Just as spring is a time for rebirth, autumn is also considered a transitional season. The weather turns brisk, the leaves on trees change from dull brown to a firestorm of color, and darkness settles in earlier.
For many, it is a favorite time of year, but for others it can be a trigger to falling off the health and fitness wagon. After all, how can you be expected to ignore pumpkin spice lattes?
The key, say experts, is to set goals before the new year, not over a drink as the clock strikes midnight.
"Fall ... is a great time to start a fitness program because you're going to create good habits for the holiday season and the upcoming winter months," says Justin Price, owner of Biomechanics, a personal training and wellness coaching facility in San Diego, Calif.
The following tips will give you ideas on how to stay healthy (and maybe even avoid the pumpkin cheesecake) through what is arguably one of the most pleasant times of the year:
* Head for the hills. Fall is a great time to get outside and explore your own backyard. So, grab a friend and find a local park to walk, run or bike on. If you're lucky enough to live close to hills or mountains, autumn is a perfect time to go for a hike.
* Turn chores into a workout. Raking leaves or gardening burns about 150 calories every 30 minutes, so if you find that you don't have time for exercise, grab a rake or a hoe, and turn seasonal tasks into a fat-burning workout.
* Drink plenty of water. Without water, no living thing can survive, which means it is crucial to maintaining optimal health. While water has a myriad of health benefits, research has shown that in order for your body to function properly, it must continuously work to maintain a proper pH, or chemical balance.
* Try something new. Fall is the perfect time to gain new physical skills, says Price. Always wanted to learn to in-line skate or ride a horse? Fall is a great time to explore an activity that you've always wanted to try.


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Special Education Services
Indicators 9 & 10: Disproportionality Tools & Resources
Under the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA 2004), the U.S. Department of Education placed an increased emphasis on addressing the challenge of disproportionate representation of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in special education. A variety of causes, such as flawed assessment practices or inadequate instruction, may contribute to such disproportionality.
The federal Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) requires each state education agency (SEA) to determine if disproportionality based on race and ethnicity and resulting from inappropriate identification is occurring in the state and within local school districts. Further, if such disproportionality due to inappropriate identification is found, the SEA must notify the affected school districts and support them in carrying out improvement activities.
Each SEA must fulfill these requirements by implementing activities delineated in its IDEA Part B State Performance Plan (SPP) for Special Education. Indicators 9 and 10 of the SPP address the issue of disproportionality resulting from inappropriate identification for students aged 6 through 21.
Specifically, Indicator 9 addresses the overall disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in special education, while Indicator 10 addresses the disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic groups in specific disability categories, i.e., Speech Language, Specific Learning Disability, Emotional Disability, Intellectual Disability, Autism and Other Health Impairment.
Below is more detailed information, along with tools and resources, on disproportionate representation in special education.
Illinois' Process for Determining and Addressing Disproportionality in Special Education (9/12)
This document provides complete information on disproportionate representation of particular racial/ethnic groups in the identification of students as eligible for special education, as addressed in Indicators 9 and 10 of the SPP. It includes definitions of disproportionality, the method and criteria for determining disproportionate representation and the process to determine inappropriate identification under Indicators 9 and 10 of the SPP. The document also contains information on requirements associated with significant disproportionality of racial/ethnic groups in special education identification, placement, and discipline, and these requirements are separate from those of the SPP.
Weighted and Alternate Risk Ratios
This document provides details of the weighted and alternate risk ratio methods that ISBE uses to calculate disproportionality.
Disproportionality Assessment Tools
- FY16 District Self-Assessment (1/16)
In order for ISBE to determine if disproportionality is due to inappropriate identification, each district identified as having disproportionality is required to review and analyze student data at the district and individual building levels and to complete a district self-assessment using a template provided by ISBE (see link above). The purpose of this self-assessment is to examine policies, procedures and practices that may impact the disproportionate identification of students in specific racial/ethnic groups.
- FY16 Disproportionality - Status Report (12/15)
The Status Report template is to be used by those districts that have been determined to have the same continuing issue(s) of disproportionality as those identified in the preceding year and for which an in depth self-assessment was already completed. The purpose of the Status Report is for such districts to provide an update on their implementation of the improvement activities identified in the "Next Steps" section of the preceding year's self-assessment. Districts with newly identified issues of disproportionality for the current year should not use this template.
Disproportionality Resource Documents
- Regulations for Disproportionality Self-Assessment
- Methods for Assessing Racial/Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education: A Technical Assistance Guide
- Special Education Disproportionality FAQ (9/12)
- Use of IDEA Part B Funds for Early Intervening Services (9/12)
- Disproportionality Response Requirements PowerPoint Presentation (12/15)


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Every snowfall we get is welcome news for farmers in our area.
After the drought we experienced last year, the area needs as much moisture as possible.
Over the past 11 days, we've received more than ten inches of snow or more than an inch of liquid precipitation.
The National Weather Service says any amount of moisture we get helps. "Usually in the Springtime, the surface, the top six inches of soil, has plenty of moisture to get the seeds germinated and the plants growing and such, it's that moisture that's down below six inches that's well into the subsoil that really sustains the crops through the summer months so that's where we're going to need additional precipitation," said Mike Welvaert from the National Weather Service office in La Crosse.
Welvaert also says there is a low chance of flooding this Spring.


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Next Generation Vending and Food Service, Inc., has been acquired by H.I.G. Capital, LLC, a leading global private equity investment firm. Staughton, MA-based Next Generation is a leading provider of vending services for corporate and institutional clients in the Northeast and a pioneer in the use of remote monitoring systems (RMS) in vending machines. It sold its manual foodservice division to Lessing's, a Long Island based contract management firm, at the beginning of this year. "We are ...
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All it took was an "OK" from Billy Joel, and this Vanderbilt student made an unforgettable moment with his idol.
The student, Michael Pollack, says when he was young and learning to play the piano as a child his mother gave him a book of Billy Joel songs to learn. From then on, he feel in love Billy Joel's music.
Fast forward to the present day and his school, Vanderbilt University, announces a visit from Billy Joel titled " A Night of Questions, Answers, and a little bit of music."
After a few of his peers asked their questions, Joel called on Pollack, who explained his lifetime fascination with Joel's music.
"My favorite song is 'New York State of Mind' and I was wondering if I could play with you, well accompany you?" asked Pollack.The rest is history, caught on camera by the school's film crew.
Pollack says, "I kept trying to look up while I was playing and convince myself to remember the moment. Because I knew if it would just breeze right by if I didn't focus in on it and try to remember it."
By the way, Michael Pollack is a freshman and recently signed with BMI.
As Billy Joel said himself, "Guys got chops".


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Russell Outdoors™ - Realtree® Explorer 100% Cotton T-Shirt. NP0021R
The lightweight Explorer T-Shirt is perfect for days out in the field.
Adult Sizes: S-3XL


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Table 1
Comment ID | Comment | Date
Table 2
X | Reply Text | Date
where X represents the comment's ID the reply belongs to.
I know that the code
$res=mysql_query("SELECT * from commenttable ORDER BY `Date` DESC ");
echo $row["Comment"];
lists the comments from recent to old.
Is it possible to modify this code to list the comments from the one with biggest number of replies to least.


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Spaulding honors Sedore
Jeb Wallace-Brodeur / Staff Photo Principal Tom Sedore is applauded during an assembly at Spaulding High School on Friday after it was announced that Sedore was named principal of the year in Vermont.
BARRE Tom Sedore has logged a lot of days at Spaulding High School over the past 26 years, but Friday was definitely one for the books.
Its pretty incredible, Sedore said moments after one of the worst kept secrets in Barre his selection as the 2013 recipient of the Robert F. Pierce Secondary Principal of the Year Award was publicly announced at the conclusion of a student-run assembly.
Sedore wasnt talking about the prestigious award that hell officially be receiving from the Vermont Principals Association during a July 30 ceremony. Hes known about that since April 1, and preferred to keep it, in his words, low-key. What moved Sedore was the audible avalanche of appreciation that accompanied the announcement a display of Tide Pride that echoed in the Spaulding auditorium, brought students, faculty and staff not to mention a few family members who were smuggled in just for the occasion to their feet, and warmed his heart.
I love these kids, Sedore said. Im the luckiest man to be able to do what Im doing in a place that I love.
The feeling seemed mutual.
On an afternoon when temperatures were in the mid-70s, and two doors were the only thing standing between students and a week-long spring break, a surprising number of them stood in line to personally congratulate their soft-spoken principal. There were plenty of hugs and handshakes for a man who quietly preaches about the importance of pride every chance that he gets and did again on Friday.
We need to be respected in Barre for who we are, Sedore said during his brief time on stage.
The observation provoked a hearty round of applause from students who Sedore later said are buying what hes selling.
I tell you what, the kids are getting a lot more pride in the school and they want people to look at Spaulding not like they looked at it in the past, said Sedore, who is unapologetically upbeat about Barre and its high school.
Weve been on the upswing, he said. Things are moving in a different direction.
Sedore is only too happy to share the credit, which may explain why in two short years as principal hes been nominated twice for the award hell be getting this year.
Ive got great people around me, said Sedore, who was once one of them.
Hired as an English teacher in 1987, Sedore has been at Spaulding ever since. He left the classroom in 2005 to become one of the schools two assistant principals, and when then-Principal Bob Phillips resigned in April 2011 he was hired to replace him.
Sedore settled right into the job immediately earning praise from colleagues for his collaborative leadership style, unmatched work ethic, and integrity, and support of a school board that turned an interim arrangement into a two-year contract that is set to expire June 30.
Sedore isnt going anywhere, and not just because his daughter Katie now teaches at the school, but because he wants to finish what he started.
We have so much work to do and were just scratching the surface, he said.
Still, initiatives like Spauldings freshmen academy, designed to ease the transition for first-year students and the Granite Academy an alternative program for students with special needs have proven successful. Sedore has been a tireless advocate for both, first as assistant principal and more recently as principal.
Assistant Principal Chris Hennessey was responsible for Sedores most recent nomination.
He (Sedore) is a true transformational leader who is tough, fair and kind, Hennessey wrote. We are all honored and proud to be his colleagues.
VPA Executive Director Ken Page, who attended Fridays assembly, said he was impressed by an event that featured an unconventional wet T-shirt contest, a preview of coming attractions, a little bit of music, a little bit of poetry, a little bit of comedy and a whole lot of school spirit.
Great kids and great schools dont happen by accident, Page told the crowd. They happen because a lot of great people do a lot of wonderful things.
Sometimes those things get noticed, and thanks to Sedores efforts, Page said, that is the case at Spaulding this year.
This is a great win for Barre, he said, noting the competition was stiff and the award was something for the entire school community to be proud of.
If Sedore has anything to say about it and he no doubt will in a low-key way that will most certainly be the case.
email@example.com IN Central VermontMIDDLEBURY According to WebMD, Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes a persons muscles ... Full StoryTiffany Briggs and Kayla Jackson eyed each other across the table, clasped hands, and then it was... Full StoryMARLBORO Police are investigating a burglary on Higley Hill Road. Full Story
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Animal House Love
*written July 1st, 2008
Not only is the Yahoska living space wild and crazy because of adolecent girls, it is buzzing because of their frantic pets. Living on the Yahoska property are a large pig, several goats tied to trees, and various ducks. A few weeks before I came, the girls were given a two month old kitten and a young puppy. Both were starved and full of parasites the first time I saw them. As I have mentioned in previous entries, many of these young ladies have been abused and pushed around, so in turn they treat their animals in an abusive manner. My family is rather passionate about humane treatment of animals and animal education, so I was immediately shaken up over the conditions of their pets. After my first day with the girls I walked home in tears, wondering what I could say or do to influence the fair care of these pets.
As I was falling asleep that night, I realized I merely needed to treat their pets as I do mine. Immediately the next morning I walked into the local pet store (which wasn't what we would call a pet store in the States) and bought two weeks worth of kitten and dog food, food bowls, and anti-parasitic pills (to try to eliminate the gross amounts of parasites that are in their intestinal tracts).
Before lunch on the day of my big purchase, I whipped out the food, medicine, and bowls. I immediately had ten girls surrounding me, questioning what I was up to. I explained that the kitten and puppy need special food to eat, and they need specific types of medicine when they are sick, just as people do. I also emphasized that their bellies hurt when they are hungy and pointed out the kitten's protruding bones. Rice and beans are not sufficient foods for any cat or dog to consume. It was clear the girls had never heard such things. They all listened eagerly, nodding their heads, and occasionally asking questions. We mashed up the parasite medicine and mixed it up into each pets food. The kitten was purring the entire time it ate. They all took note of its happy mood.
Every day I have tried to reinforce appropriate care of the pets by giving them extra attention, talking to them, and discussing animal rights issues with the girls. It seems that the girls are starting to treat the animals in a more peaceful manner. Today we casually discussed how one can go to jail in the United States for abusing an animal. We also talked about how great animals can be for your mental health and how it has been scientifically proven that pets reduce anxiety levels for their owners. I threw out the points that many jails give their inmates animals to take care of to become better people, and they all seemed a bit shocked. I merely smiled. These pets could turn out being very therapeutic for the girls.


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Would you like to receive free chapters from popular books in your daily email?
Click here to join the Little Creek Branch book club. With your free book chapters, you will also receive a list of events at Little Creek Branch Library.
- Date: 01/21/2014 10:30 AM - 11:30 PM
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Norfolk, Virginia 23518
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State Board of Education OK's Keller principal program
Springfield – Keller Graduate School of Management plans to offer an innovative, non-traditional program leading to certification for school principals, following approval today by the State Board of Education.
of the Keller program will have the cutting-edge knowledge
and skills they will need to lead today's ever-more complex
schools," praised State Superintendent Glenn W. McGee. The
Board anticipates that this program may help address the growing
shortage of school principals in Illinois.
from Chicago Public Schools, the surrounding suburbs, and representatives
from the Illinois Principals Association collaborated with
Keller in the program design.
will earn an MBA and qualify for an administrative certificate
with a principal's endorsement by completing 64 quarter-hours
of graduate credit.
capstone course for exit from the program requires candidates
to complete a comprehensive project integrating the knowledge
and skills garnered through the program. Candidates
must also complete a supervised internship in a school.
"This program is a unique blend of educational leadership theory and management theory and practice, and it encompasses the Illinois School Leader Standards," said Dr. Tim Ricordati, Vice President and Dean of Keller Graduate School of Management. Keller plans to start the program in September, Ricordati added.


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The Blender Pencil is a soft colourless pencil made from the binder used for coloured pencils to combine layers pigment and produce subtle blends of colour. Use to blend, smooth out, and soften the hard edges of coloured pencil layers, which makes the colours very bright and vivid.
Pencils are sold individually, order 6 for a full box
Pencils are sold individually, order 6 for a full box
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The blender works great, although it is too thick to sharpen in a regular pencil sharpener.
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Cancer is the #2 killer in the United States, and diet may be the #1 cause of cancer. The balance of evidence suggests that a whole food, plant-based diet may help prevent, treat, slow, and even reverse cancer progression. It's never too late to start eating healthier, as cancer risk may drop after starting a plant-based diet at any age.
Some reasons why plant-based diets may be effective include lowering methionine intake, inhibiting angiogenesis, intercepting carcinogens, and increasing fiber and antioxidants. Populations eating diets centered on whole plant foods have lower rates of cancer. Eating lots of fruits and vegetables—at least 9 daily servings may boost detoxifying enzymes, lower inflammation, lower cholesterol, and make for healthier bowel movements, ridding the body of excess estrogen and cholesterol.
Specific foods that research studies have associated with anti-cancer properties include:
- Apples, especially their peel
- Beans, especially black beans
- Berries, especially cranberries
- Black pepper
- Broccoli
- Ceylon cinnamon
- Chili peppers
- Cocoa
- Coffee
- Dragon's blood
- Flax seeds
- Garlic
- Green and herbal tea
- Greens
- Indian gooseberries
- Licorice (small amounts)
- Mushrooms, especially white button
- Nori seaweed
- Nuts, especially walnuts
- Red rice
- Sweet potatoes
- Tomatoes
- Turmeric
Other lifestyle habits that appear to help prevent cancer include an hour of exercise every day, 7-hours sleep every night, and reduced exposure to tanning beds, cell-phone radiation, CT scans, and dental x-rays. Meditation may also improve DNA health, preventing premature shortening of our telomeres.
Consumption of animal products appears to increase the risk of cancer. Research has shown an association between increased risk of cancer and the consumption of the following foods:
- Cooked meats
- Cows' milk
- Eggs and cheese
- Farm-raised catfish
- Smoked fish
- Poultry
- Vapors from cooking meat
It may be the inflammatory Neu5Gc molecule found in meat that accounts for some of the increased cancer risk. Certain tumors thrive in an inflammatory setting. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) may also been linked to cancer. Heme iron found in the blood and muscle tissue of animal foods may also increase risk of cancer, as may the chemical pollutants in meat, which can lead to premature puberty, putting children at higher risk for cancer later in life.
After a cancer diagnosis, cutting down on saturated animal fat appears to improve cancer survival. A neutropenic diet (one devoid of fresh fruit and vegetables) may not help those undergoing chemotherapy, but oatmeal lotion may help with chemotherapy induced rashes.
Other exposures that appear to increase cancer risk include:
- Acrylamide in foods such as French fries
- Alcohol
- Ayurvedic supplements
- Betel nuts
- Caramel coloring
- Chlorhexidine found in some mouthwashes
- Fungal toxins sometimes found in apple juice
- Industrial chemical pollutants, including cadmium
- Kimchi
- Lutein supplements
- Marijuana
- Red dye No. 3
- Statin drugs
- Yerba mate
See also these specific topics:
- Bone cancer
- Brain tumors
- Breast cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Colon cancer
- Endometrial cancer
- Esophageal cancer
- Kidney cancer
- Leukemia
- Liver cancer
- Lung cancer
- Lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Ovarian cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Skin cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Throat cancer
- Thyroid cancer
- Vaginal cancer
Topic summary contributed by Linda.


text:
Stauskas and his father, Paul Stauskas, said nothing is determined.
"I can tell you for a fact he has made no decision," said Paul Stauskas.
Nik Stauskas said via Twitter that he hasn't ruled out another season in Ann Arbor.
"Just wanted to reiterate that any reports about my future intenions are FALSE! I have NOT made ANY decisions on my future yet!," he wrote, saying he woke up to so many missed calls and text message he thought was was "named president."
Meanwhile, the school announced Thursday that forward Jon Horford will transfer. Horford is on track for his degree in May and would have one year of eligibility remaining as a post-graduate transfer.
"My time at Michigan has been the most beneficial period of my life in terms of athletic development and overall enlightenment," Horford said. "The bonds created over the last four years are everlasting, and the memories made are truly priceless. As on all journeys, new paths must be taken and intuition must be trusted. I leave Michigan with nothing but love in my heart."
Horford, the younger brother of Atlanta Hawks forward Al Horford, averaged 3.8 points and 4.2 rebounds during 107 career games with the Wolverines.
"Jon has been an integral part of our many accomplishments over the last four years," Michigan coach John Beilein. "He brought great enthusiasm, leadership and work ethic to our program. Jon is a wonderful young man, who has a very bright future ahead of him."
Teammates Glenn Robinson III and Mitch McGary are soon to make their career plans known. Both are expected to enter the NBA, as is Stauskas, the Big Ten player of the year who averaged 17.5 points and led the Wolverines to the Elite Eight.


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For you, there are discounts, bonuses and promotions.
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We are ready to offer you comfortable rooms. When booking hotel rooms people think mostly about having comfort during their stay. Whether on your business trip or having a fascinating touristic adventure you can completely relax at AZIMUT Hotels after a day that was filled with great events. Feel yourself at home in our chain of hotels.


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THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL NANO-PHOTONICS: TaCoNa-Photonics 2012
Front Matter1475 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/v1475.frontmatterView Description Hide Description
Preface: The Fifth International Workshop on Theoretical and Computational Nano-Photonics 20121475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750074View Description Hide Description
Optical control at the nanoscale1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750075View Description Hide Description
Nanophotonic structures can greatly influence light fields. In this presentation I will show how unusual light-matter interactions can be induced and how ultrafast manipulation of slow light can be used to slow it down or speed it up.
Plasma-induced nonlinear optical phenomena in gas-filled hollow-core PCFs1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750077View Description Hide Description
By using a new theoretical framework based on equations for the electric field envelope, we provide a complete theoretical explanation of several plasma-induced nonlinear optical phenomena, including the soliton self-frequency blueshift, recently observed experimentally in a gas-filled hollow-core PCF.
Plasmonic structures of metal nanoparticles: Chains and arrays1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750078View Description Hide Description
Periodic arrays of noncontacting noble-metal nanoparticles are of interest as nanoscale light-guiding structures, as metamaterials, as well as for a number of sensing applications. We review of recent work on the theoretical understanding of the electromagnetics of such structures on the basis of elementary electromagnetics, with a focus on their light-guiding properties. Also covered are applications for these structures despite the substantial losses. These applications include plasmonic nano-lasers and the prospect of negative-index effects.
Some recent developments of the discontinous Galerkin method for time-domain electromagnetics1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750079View Description Hide Description
We discuss about recent developments aiming at improving the accuracy, the flexibility and the computational performances of a high order discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method for the simulation of time-domain electromagnetic wave propagation problems involving irregularly shaped objects and complex propagation media.
Photonic transitions can induce non-reciprocity and effective gauge field for photons1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750080View Description Hide Description
We show that the phase of a dynamic refractive index modulation induces a gauge transformation of the photon wavefunction. This effect can be used to induce non-reciprocity, and to achieve an effective gauge field for photons.
Fano resonant plasmonic systems: Functioning principles and applications1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750081View Description Hide Description
Using a generalization of Fano formula that includes the intrinsic losses associated with metals, we retrieve the underlying modal structure that produces Fano resonances from the interference between a bright and a dark mode. This knowledge is used to determine the most efficient plasmonic system for a specific application by tuning its mode of operation from weak coupling to best energy storage or strong coupling. This approach is illustrated with examples from sensing.
Guided resonance modes in photovoltaics and light-assisted self assembly1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750082View Description Hide Description
We present our recent work on applications of the guided resonance modes of two-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals.
All-dielectric optical nanoantennas1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750083View Description Hide Description
We study a novel type of optical nanoantennas made of high-permittivity low-loss dielectric particles. In addition to the electric resonances, the dielectric particles exhibit very strong magnetic resonances at the nanoscale. As result, single dielectric nanoparticle can have the properties of a Huygens element in the optical wavelength range. A highly efficient Yagi-Uda nanoantenna based on dielectric nano-particles is studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. Optical nanoantennas allow for enhancing and manipulating light on the scale much smaller than wavelength of light. Based on this ability, optical nanoantennas offer unique opportunities regarding key applications such as optical communications, photovoltaics, non-classical light emission, and sensing.
Light modulation abilities of nanostructures1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750084View Description Hide Description
In the work we consider two new routes to impose control on the optical waveguides propagation. The first approach is based on the Kerr effect caused by the THz field, which strength is manifold times enhanced by the presence of a nanoslit in a metallic film surrounding the waveguide. The second approach utilizes the gain-core effect on plasmonics modes in metal-semiconductor-metal structures. Our simulations prove that it is quite reasonable to realize both control schemes experimentally.
Nanoplasmonics beyond Ohm's law1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750085View Description Hide Description
In tiny metallic nanostructures, quantum confinement and nonlocal response change the collective plasmonic behavior with important consequences for e.g. field-enhancement and extinction cross sections. We report on our most recent developments of a real-space formulation of an equation-of-motion that goes beyond the common local-response approximation and use of Ohm's law as the central constitutive equation. The electron gas is treated within a semi-classical hydrodynamic model with the emergence of a new intrinsic length scale. We briefly review the new governing wave equations and give examples of applying the nonlocal framework to calculation of extinction cross sections and field enhancement in isolated particles, dimers, and corrugated surfaces.
Integrated nonlinear optics: From classical to quantum phenomena1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750086View Description Hide Description
We show that the results of classical experiments allow for an accurate prediction of quantum correlated photon-pair generation efficiencies, opening a path to move from classical to quantum nonlinear optics in integrated photonic structures.
Solids in ultrafast and strong optical fields: New phenomena1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750087View Description Hide Description
We report theory and experimental results for a new class of phenomena in condensed matter optics when strong optical fields ∼0.1-5 V/Å radically change the both energies and wave functions of electronic states on time scale of ∼1 fs, i.e., within an optical period. Such fields, if adiabatic, cause phenomena such as the Wannier-Stark localization, formation of quantum bouncers at the surfaces, and anticrossings of adiabatic levels causing metallization of the dielectric. Fast optical fields by their instantaneous magnitude, not average envelope, drive currents in dielectrics and control their properties, including optical absorption and reflection, and extreme UV absorption in a non-perturbative manner. Such a control can be deep but non-damaging if the excitation pulse is short enough (∼1-2 oscillations) and its instantaneous field is controlled to be < 2.5 V/Å. This offers potential for petahertz-bandwidth signal processing.
Optical forces from partially coherent light: Near field of statistically homogeneous sources1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750088View Description Hide Description
In this work, we show the force exerted on a dipolar particle from a partially coherent electromagnetic field. We demonstrate, that the correlation length of a source give us a new degree of freedom and it will play an important role in the dynamic of the particle. Specifically, we will assume a homogeneous source and we calculate the different forces that interacts with the particle. In near field, the total force will be governed by the gradient force, through the evanescent components, nevertheless, for distances larger than the wavelength this gradient force will be zero, being only the non-conservative force the responsible. We remark these effects when surface plasmon are excited, enhancing drastically the value of the gradient force.
Finite-thickness metal-semiconductor-metal waveguide as plasmonic modulator1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750089View Description Hide Description
We analyze a finite-thickness metal-semiconductor-metal waveguide to be utilized as an ultra-compact plasmonic modulator in optoelectronic integrated circuits. The InP-based semiconductor core allows electrical control of signal propagation. We show that using thin metal layers instead of thick ones we can obtain higher effective index, which is required for high modulation speed. The ultra-compact layout and tight field confinement are the main advantages of such plasmonic modulators.
Metallodielectric optical antennas for ultrabright single-photon sources1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750090View Description Hide Description
We report on a new class of optical antennas that shorten the excited-state lifetime of optical emitters down to 100 fs in a broad spectral range, while maintaining quantum efficiencies as high as 80%. We combine metal nanoparticles with dielectric structures and exploit concepts from plasmonics and cavity quantum electrodynamics to maximize the local density of states and suppress dissipation losses in the metal. Our findings bring about the prospect of single-photon sources at the μW power level and promise significant impact on other research fields, including photophysics, ultrafast plasmonics, and Raman spectroscopy.
Dipole decay rates engineering via metallic nanosystems1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750091View Description Hide Description
In this paper authors present a numerical approach based on the Discrete Dipole Approximation, to compute the total, radiative and nonradiative decay rates of a point-like emitter coupled to an arbitrary-shaped metallic nanostructure. The method is initially applied to a 10 nm-diameter Ag nanosphere, where a perfect agreement between numerical and analytical results is shown for a good prescription of the discretization parameter. New results are also provided for a 20 nm-high Ag nanocone excited by a dipole oscillating along the symmetry axis. Simulation data attest the importance of sharp nanocones to achieve significant modifications of the spontaneous emission dynamics, towards a numerical engineering of decay rates exploiting surface plasmon resonances.
Lateral shift of the light transmitted through a 1D superconducting photonic crystal1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750092View Description Hide Description
We investigate the lateral shift of the light transmitted through one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of two dielectric and one superconducting sublayeres. The variations of the transmittivity spectra and the lateral shift with the temperature have been investigated for both TE-and TM-polarized oblique incident light.
Spaser for sensing applications1475(2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750093View Description Hide Description
A new method of high-sensitive subwavelength spectromicroscopy is proposed based on usage of near field of spaser having a form of a tip of scanning probe microscope. The high spatial resolution is defined by the curvature of the tip, as for apertureless scanning near field optical microscopy. In contrast to the latter method, we suggest using radiationless pumping of plasmon by neighboring quantum dots instead of irradiation of the tip by external laser beam. Spaser generation spectrum is analyzed. The plasmon generation is suppressed due to absorption at the transition frequencies of neighbouring nano-objects (molecules, clusters) under study. As a result, in wide plasmon generation spectrum narrow dips appear. The highest sensitivity is achieved near the spaser generation threshold.


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With "Night Court" star Markie Post celebrating her 65th birthday on Wednesday, see what she and her former co-stars are up to today.
Harry Anderson played Judge Harry T. Stone, a young unconventional judge and amateur magician with a fondness for zany antics and Mel Tormé.
Anderson also had a recurring guest role as con man "Harry the Hat" on "Cheers" and toured extensively as a magician. He also starred in the TV miniseries "Stephen King's It" in 1990 and followed up "Night Court" with the sitcom "Dave's World," based loosely on the life and columns of humor columnist Dave Barry. In November 2008, he played himself on an episode of "30 Rock" along with fellow "Night Court" co-stars Markie Post and Charles Robinson. He recently took on his first major role since "Dave's World" ended in 1997, starring in the 2014 creationist movie "A Matter of Faith" (pictured).
John Larroquette played Dan Fielding, a sex-obsessed narcissistic prosecutor. His lecherous lawyer became the breakout character of the show and Larroquette won a then-unprecedented four consecutive Emmy Awards for the role.
Although there was talk of spinning Larroquette's character off into his own sitcom when "Night Court" ended, he shot that idea down. Instead, he developed his own sitcom "The John Larroquette Show," which ran four seasons from September 1993 to October 1996. He won his fifth Emmy for a three-episode guest stint on "The Practice" in 1998 and has had cameos on "The West Wing," "House," "CSI: NY," "White Collar" and "Chuck." In 2007, he joined the cast of "Boston Legal" playing Carl Sack, a serious, ethical lawyer (more or less the polar opposite of his Dan Fielding.) He's most recently had roles on the TV series "Deception" and "Almost Human," and is one of the stars of TNT's "The Librarians," a series spin-off of the channel's made-for-TV movies starring Noah Wyle that debuted in December 2014, and is a recurring character on HBO's "The Brink."
Richard Moll played the dim-witted, hulking bailiff Nostradamus "Bull" Shannon. Besides Anderson and Larroquette, he was the only actor to appear in all 193 episodes of the show.
Since "Night Court," Moll has had cameos on show such as "Highlander," "Babylon 5," "Married… with Children" and "Smallville" and in movies like "Sidekicks," "The Flintstones," "Jingle All the Way" and "But I'm a Cheerleader." He's also done extensive voice acting, voicing Two-Face in "Batman: The Animated Series" and "Batman: The Brave and the Bold" and other characters in shows like "Spider-Man: The Animated Series," "Justice League" and "Freakazoid!" His most recent credits include a cameo on Charlie Sheen's sitcom "Anger Management" and a role the 2013 Syfy channel movie "Ghost Shark" (pictured).
Moll's Bull was paired up with a comically gruff female bailiff throughout the show's run, starting with Selma Diamond (left), who played elderly chain-smoking bailiff Selma Hacker. Diamond died of lung cancer at age 64 on May 13, 1985, shortly after the show's second season. Diamond's replacement was Florence Halop (right), who played bailiff Florence Kleiner during the show's third season. She too died of lung cancer, at age 63 on July 15, 1986.
When it came time to cast Halop's replacement, the producers of "Night Court" decided to go younger, this time turning to Marsha Warfield to play tough, no-nonsense bailiff Roz Russell. Warfield was 32 when she joined the cast during the show's fourth season and remained with the show through the end of its nine-season run.
Warfield went on to star in the "Golden Girls" spin-off "Empty Nest" from 1993 to 1995. She also had cameos on her former "Night Court" co-stars' sitcoms "Dave's World" and "The John Larroquette Show" and shows such as "Mad About You," "Moesha," "Living Single," "Clueless" and "Veronica's Closet." Her most recent credit was a 2003 appearance on the reality TV show "Star Dates."
Karen Austin played court clerk Lana Wagner during the show's first 10 episodes. Her character, who was originally intended as a potential love interest for Harry, disappeared one episode with a brief mention of her being out sick and was never seen again.
Austin went on to land recurring roles on TV shows such as "St. Elsewhere," "L.A. Law," "Murder One" and "Beverly Hills, 90210," and had starring roles in the movies "Summer Rental" and "Jagged Edge." More recently she's had minor roles on TV series such as "Desperate Housewives," "Battlestar Galactica," "CSI: Miami" and "The Closer" and the Johnny Depp movie "The Rum Diary" (pictured).
After Austin's departure, Charles Robinson (left) joined the show during its second season, playing new court clerk Mac Robinson, a cardigan-wearing Vietnam veteran. He stayed with the show through the rest of its nine-season run.
Robinson, who also directed three episodes of the series, went on to become a regular on the sitcom "Love & War" after "Night Court" ended. He also played the recurring character Bud Harper on the sitcom "Home Improvement," and has had cameos on shows such as "House," "The Bernie Mac Show," "My Wife and Kids," "Soul Food," "Charmed," "How I Met Your Mother" and "My Name Is Earl." He most recently had a recurring role on the last three seasons of The CW series "Hart of Dixie" (pictured) through its cancellation in May 2015.
Gail Strickland played public defender Sheila Gardner on the show's pilot episode. Strickland, who had featured roles in 1970s films such as "Bound for Glory," "The Drowning Pool" and "Norma Rae," went on to cameos in TV shows like "Dallas," "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman," "JAG" and "Melrose Place," and roles in movies such as "How to Make an American Quilt" and "The American President." Her most recent credits include the short-lived 2002 series "First Monday" and the 2008 indie movie "My Apocalypse."
After the pilot episode, Paula Kelly (lower right) took over as public defender Liz Williams for the rest of the first season. The role earned her an Emmy nomination. She went on to earn another Emmy nomination for the 1989 TV movie "The Women of Brewster Place." Her most recent screen credit was a 1999 appearance in the TV drama "Any Day Now."
Ellen Foley took over in the second season, playing public defender Billie Young.
Foley left the show after one season. She first found fame singing the duet with Meat Loaf on the hit single "Paradise by the Dashboard Light" from the 1977 album "Bat out of Hell" and released three solo albums from the late 1970s into the early 1980s. She was the inspiration for The Clash's "Should I Stay, or Should I Go," and sang backup on records by Todd Rundgren, The Clash, and Joe Jackson. She has also acted on Broadway and had roles in movies like "Hair," "Tootsie," "Fatal Attraction," "Cocktail" and "Married to the Mob." More recently, she had a 2011 cameo in the medical drama TV series "Body of Proof" and a role in the 2014 indie comedy-drama "Lies I Told My Little Sister." She also released her fourth studio album, "About Time," in 2013.
The show finally settled on a permanent public defender with the introduction of Markie Post as Christine Sullivan. Although she made an initial appearance during an early second-season episode, Post, who was starring on "The Fall Guy" at the time, didn't join the series as a regular until the start of the third season. She quickly became a love interest for Harry Stone and a regular target for Dan Fielding's lecherous advances.
Post went onto a regular role on the John Ritter sitcom "Hearts Afire" and had recurring roles on the TV shows "The District" and "Scrubs." Her film credits include "There's Something About Mary," in which she played the mother of Cameron Diaz's title character. More recently, she joined her "Night Court" co-stars Harry Anderson and Charles Robinson to play themselves in a 2008 episode of "30 Rock" titled "The One with the Cast of Night Court." Her most recent credits include cameos on the TV series "Chicago P.D." and "Back in the Game," roles in the 2010 Hallmark Channel movie "Backyard Wedding" and the 2013 Lifetime Movie "Christmas on the Bayou."
William Utay played Phil Sanders, Dan's homeless lackey, appearing in 20 episodes between 1984 and 1989. He also played Phil's evil twin brother Will. Later in the series, the character was killed off in an accident shortly after it was revealed he was actually a wealthy former stockbroker who had chose to live on the street.
Utay has had cameos in a wide range of TV series, including alongside his former co-stars in "Dave's World" and "The John Larroquette Show" as well as in "Murder, She Wrote," "Who's the Boss?," "L.A. Law," "Seinfeld," "Mad About You," "ER," "Star Trek: Enterprise" and "Angel." He's also had minor movie roles in "Ali," "Species" and "Dark Blue." Besides "Night Court," though, he's probably best known for playing Dr. Wilhelm Rolf, an associate of the DiMera crime family on the soap opera "Days of Our Lives," a role he initially played between September 1997 and June 2003 and again from June 2007 to September 2008.
Denice Kumagai (left) played Quon Le Duc Robinson, Mac's wife, a refugee from Vietnam. She appeared in 18 episodes from the second season on. In a fourth season episode she gave birth to the couple's daughter, Renee Flicka Robinson, moments after being sworn in as an American citizen.
Kumagai has since had small roles in TV series such as "Murphy Brown," "Columbo," "Caroline in the City" and "The Pretender." Her most recent screen credit was a recurring role as "Aunt June" on the TV series "Gilmore Girls" (pictured) in 2004 and 2006.
John Astin, better known for playing Gomez Addams on "The Addams Family," played Buddy Ryan, Harry's eccentric stepfather and a former psychiatric hospital patient, appearing in 11 episodes starting in the third season. The character was later revealed to be Harry's biological father.
Astin has since had recurring roles in TV series such as "Eerie, Indiana," "The Adventures of Brisco County Jr.," "Murder, She Wrote" and "The Nanny." Astin is now an acting teacher at his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
Brent Spiner (right) appeared in seven episodes of the show as Bob Wheeler, a frequent defendant in Harry's courtroom who initially pretended to be a stereotypical hillbilly from West Virginia. It was later revealed Wheeler and his family were actually Yugoslavians.
Spiner went on to find greater fame playing the android Data in "Star Trek: The Next Generation." He also has made cameos on TV series such as "Frasier, "Leverage," "Law & Order: Criminal Intent," "Alphas," "Warehouse 13" and "The Big Bang Theory," and had roles in movies such as "The Aviator," "Dude, Where's My Car?," "I Am Sam," "Independence Day" and "Superhero Movie." He also recently had a recurring role as a therapist on the Showtime series "Ray Donovan" in 2014 and will be reprising his "Independence Day" role in the sequel set for release in 2016.
Comedian Yakov Smirnoff played Russian immigrant Yakov Korolenko, another frequent visitor to Harry's courtroom.
After his heyday in the 1980s, Smirnoff's career declined after the collapse of the Soviet Union. He opened his own theater in Branson, Missouri, in 1992 has staged shows there since then. He earned a masters degree in positive psychology from the Penn College of Liberal and Professional Studies in 2006 and has since taught classes at Drury University and Missouri State University.
Mel Tormé played himself in several appearances on the show. It was revealed in the pilot episode that Harry was a fanatic admirer of the singer, just as Harry Anderson is in real life. Harry's fandom popped up in many episodes over the series' run. Tormé died from a stroke at age 73 on June 5, 1999.
Gilbert Gottfried played Oscar Brown, an attorney who filled in for Dan Fielding when the character went missing over the course of three episodes during the show's ninth and final season.
"Night Court" had its fair share of guest appearances by actors who would become much bigger down the road, including Michael J. Fox, who played runaway teen Eddie Simms in just the second episode of the series. Fox was starring on "Family Ties" at the time and was a year away from breaking out as a movie star thanks to "Back to the Future."
A 1987 episode saw Dan fending off advances by his boss's visiting niece, played by a young Teri Hatcher.
Before finding fame thanks to her roles on the TV series "Sisters," "Once and Again" and "CSI: NY," Sela Ward made an appearance in a 1987 "Night Court" episode as Christine's friend Heather, with both Harry and Dan competing for her attention.
A few years before he found fame playing Cosmo Kramer on "Seinfeld," Michael Richards appeared in a 1984 episode playing Eugene Sleighbough, a burglar who thinks he is invisible.
Toward the beginning of his career, future Oscar-nominee Don Cheadle (seen here in 2011) made an appearance on a 1988 episode playing Jack, a scared teenager fleeing a failed armed robbery attempt who takes hostage an anger management group being attended by Roz.
Fran Drescher, the future star of "The Nanny" who's pictured here in 2010, appeared in a 1986 episode playing Miriam Brody, a schizophrenic woman whose personality switches without warning from a prude to a sexpot, and back again.
James Cromwell, who earned an Oscar nomination in 1996 for "Babe," appeared in a 1985 episode playing Alan, who belongs to a group of mental patients running loose in the courthouse. Besides his Oscar nod, Cromwell's also racked up such screen credits as "L.A. Confidential," "The Green Mile," "Space Cowboys," "I, Robot," "The Queen," "W." (in which he played President George H.W. Bush), "Secretariat" and "The Artist." More recently, he's returned to TV work, with regular roles in series such as "American Horror Story: Asylum," "Boardwalk Empire," "Betrayal," "Halt and Catch Fire" and "Murder in the First."
A year after first portraying Freddy Krueger in "A Nightmare on Elm Street," Robert Englund made an appearance in a 1985 episode playing Arnold Preminger, a defendant who thinks the Earth is being invaded by aliens and they should fight back.
Lou Ferrigno, best known for playing the title character in TV's "The Incredible Hulk" from 1977 to 1982, appeared in a 1985 episode playing professional wrestler "The Klondike Butcher."
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Irma (Vernon) Eppley, 78, Inverness, passed this life to be with our Lord on January 29, 2011, at Citrus Memorial hospital under the loving care of her Family and the Hospice of Citrus County.
Born in Juncos, Puerto Rico, on June 15, 1932, to the late Thomas Falero and Paula Castro, Irma moved to Inverness from Redwood City, California, with her late Husband Roy Lee Vernon Sr., in 1977. Irma has been an Inverness resident ever since. Educated and earning a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from the University of Barcelona; Irma was never able to fully transfer this education, but remained dedicated to helping others. Always giving, Irma served Inverness and Citrus County in the medical field for over 35 years working initially at the Avante Nursing Home, moving to Citrus Memorial Hospital, and then finishing her career as a home health nurse. Never one to sit still, Irma continued to remain active in Inverness through her membership in the Inverness
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, the "Beverly Hillbillies" Dance Club, and traveling the state of Florida and the east coast of the United States visiting family. A dedicated mother and grandmother, Irma took great pride in seeing both of her children graduate from college and seeing her grandchildren born. A devout Catholic, Irma was a nearly 35-year parishioner of the Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Church.
Irma was preceded in death by her first husband, Roy, in 1982, and is survived by her loving husband of nearly 16 years, Howard Eppley; her sister, Nelly Falero and her husband Antonio; her children, Major (Promotable) Roy Vernon and his wife Major Caryn Vernon, Thomas Vernon and his wife Wendy, Cynthia Elias and her husband John, Eric Eppley and his wife Gina; grandchildren, Taylor, Aaron, Matthew, Ashley and Lauren Vernon, Allison Elias and Andrew and Matthew Eppley; and nieces, nephews, and cousins too numerous to mention here.
Services will begin at Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Church in Inverness on February 2 at 10 a.m. with a viewing. Catholic Mass celebrating Irma's life will begin at 11 a.m. Family and friends wishing to join Howard will depart Our Lady of Fatima to the Veterans Cemetery in Bushnell, Florida, immediately following the Mass for a small ceremony.
Irma will truly be missed; she always had a kind word to give and a smile to offer.
In lieu of flowers, the Family is requesting donations be provided, in Irma's name, to the Hospice of Citrus County. Donation instructions can be found at
, or by calling the Hospice of Citrus County at 352-527-2020.
Published in Citrus County Chronicle from Feb. 1 to Feb. 7, 2011
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The Stetson sand volleyball team fell twice in a home Atlantic Sun Conference doubleheader to UNF on Tuesday. The Hatters lost both hard-fought matches by a score of 3-2.
Tied 2-2 in the first contest, the decision came down to the top seed as Stetson's Kaley Melville and Kaylee Anderson faced UNF's Dagnija Medina and Kimberly Hildreth. Melville and Anderson took the first set 21-18. However, Medina and Hildreth outlasted the Stetson pair 22-20 in the second set. Unable to regain the momentum, Melville and Anderson fell in the third set 15-5.
The second match of the doubleheader proved another close battle between the two teams. After a loss at the second seed, Stetson's fifth seed of Tiffany Creamer and Kristin Lind earned a 21-14, 21-19 win to tie the score 1-1. The Hatters picked up another loss at the no. 4 spot, giving UNF a 2-1 lead. At the top seed, Melville and Anderson encountered the UNF pair of Medina and Hildreth again. This time, the Stetson pair rallied for a two-set win (21-19, 21-19) to once again tie the score. But UNF was able to survive with a three-set win from the no. 3 position.
"We did some good things," Stetson head coach Kristina Hernandez said. ""I thought 'Mel' and Kaylee did a really good job of coming back and being aggressive in the second match. In our pairs we have to do better dealing with frustration and maintaining the same level of play from the first set to the third set. That is really important, especially against a team like North Florida who is the defending champs and has a lot of experience."
In addition to Melville and Anderson, Hernadez also praised Creamer and Lind for their performance.
"Kristin and Tiffany did a phenomenal job today, especially in the first match," Hernandez said. "They were down by 11 points in the second set, and they kept their composure and kept chipping at it, and they pulled it out. That was a really great showing. I was really proud to see them pull that out and stay aggressive in a situation where they could have easily just given that up."
Creamer and Lind were the only Stetson pair to go undefeated for the day. They won 21-13, 21-16 in the first match and 21-14, 21-19 in the second.
Stetson is now 4-2 in the Atlantic Sun conference and 10-2 overall. The Hatters travel to Boca Raton, Fla. next to play Florida Atlantic. The first match is set for 10 a.m. on Wednesday, April 2nd.


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#120403 - 01/18/04 09:19 PM Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 03/15/00
Posts: 11613
Loc: Louisville, Kentucky
I have just finished reading "The Reluctant Widow" by Georgette Heyer, and found several words/usages new to me. (It takes place in England, during the time of Bonaparte.) Can anyone explain any of the following?
-In the coach, she leaned back against the "squabs".
-When someone died, there was something called a "hatchment" put up over the front door.
-One of the servants was an "abigail".
-One of the (native to Sussex, I believe) servants said, "A dentical fine gentleman".
-Someone had gone to the "Peninsula".
-The old servant couple, fussing at each other, would say "Do-adone", or "Adone-do". (Hmm-be done with you?)
-I got that this meant telling a lie or a trick, but why "gammon"? (As in, "I'm not gammoning you.")
-What is a glass of "ratafia"?
-He wore very tight "inexpressibles" (no further hints).
-They had a "nuncheon" of cold meat, fruit and tea. I like this word! 'Minds me of "nuncle"!
#120404 - 01/18/04 10:00 PM Re: Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
Dear Jackie: one definition of "squab" is a cushion:
See Def.#3 below:
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
Definition: \Squab\, a. [Cf. dial. Sw. sqvabb a soft and fat body,
sqvabba a fat woman, Icel. kvap jelly, jellylike things, and
and E. quab.]
1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky.
Nor the squab daughter nor the wife were nice.
2. Unfledged; unfeathered; as, a squab pigeon. --King.
\Squab\, n.
1. (Zo["o]l.) A neatling of a pigeon or other similar bird,
esp. when very fat and not fully fledged.
2. A person of a short, fat figure.
Gorgonious sits abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab
upon a Chinese fan. --Cowper.
3. A thickly stuffed cushion; especially, one used for the
seat of a sofa, couch, or chair; also, a sofa.
Punching the squab of chairs and sofas. --Dickens.
On her large squab you find her spread. --Pope.
\Squab\, adv. [Cf. dial. Sw. squapp, a word imitative of a
splash, and E. squab fat, unfledged.]
With a heavy fall; plump. [Vulgar]
The eagle took the tortoise up into the air, and
dropped him down, squab, upon a rock. --L'Estrange.
\Squab\, v. i.
To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or with a heavy stroke.
#120405 - 01/18/04 10:02 PM Re: Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
Abigail is a euphemism for a female servant. I think it is
from the Bible.
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
Definition: \Ab"i*gail\, n. [The proper name used as an
A lady's waiting-maid. --Pepys.
Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of
night curls for sleeping in. --Leslie.
#120406 - 01/18/04 10:11 PM Re: hatchment
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
Definition: \Hatch"ment\, n. [Corrupt. fr. achievement.]
1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased
person are temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls
of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is
hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of
giving public notification of the death of the deceased,
his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc.
Called also {achievement}.
His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment
o'er his bones. --Shak.
2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in
general, a mark of dignity.
Let there be deducted, out of our main potation,
Five marks in hatchments to adorn this thigh.
--Beau. & Fl.
#120407 - 01/18/04 10:14 PM Re: Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
From the date,'Peninsula" would refer to Wellington's
campaign in Portugal and Spain against Napoleon's forces.
(of course Arthur Wellesley wasn't yet made a Duke at that time.)
#120408 - 01/18/04 10:16 PM Re: Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
Gammon is slang for trick, deceit, deception.
#120409 - 01/18/04 10:21 PM Re: Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
Ratafia (ra-ta-FEE-a), is, at Alexis Bailly, a fortified wine made by combining red wine with a long-steeped combination of spirits, oranges, and top-secret spices.
#120410 - 01/18/04 11:09 PM Re: Old words
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 04/09/00
Posts: 3065
Loc: Jakarta
inexpressibles = trousers or more likely at that time breeches. (Whether anyone actually used this term or whether it is read back from high Victorian prudery I'm not sure. And anyway somebody, I forget who (Dickens maybe) records avoidance of the word trousers as an American preference unknown in Britain).
nuncheon - what we would now call elevenses. Timing of meals was in a state of flux at this time with dinner moving later for the fashionable classes and luncheon and/or nuncheon being eaten at midday instead.
#120411 - 01/19/04 12:22 AM Abigail the Carmelite
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 09/06/00
Posts: 2788
Loc: Seattle, Washington, USA
"Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb." (1 Samuel 25:3 Authorized Version)
#120412 - 01/19/04 03:45 AM Re: Old words
Registered: 03/06/02
Posts: 1692
Loc: UK
Dr Bill has done most of the job, I can only add that:
"Do-adone", or "Adone-do" are shortenings of "Do have done" and "Have done, do" meaning "Please do stop" ... whatever you are doing or saying.
"A dentical fine gentleman" I can only guess at (but the context should help) as being a shortening of 'identical'.
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