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History of the Peace Corps in Bulgaria
|History of the Peace Corps
|Since 1960, when then Senator John F. Kennedy challenged students at the University of Michigan to serve their country in the cause of peace by living and working in developing countries, more than 182,000 Peace Corps Volunteers have served in 138 countries all over the globe.
See also:
In 1991, a year after peaceful public protest led to changes in Bulgaria's political structure and direction, the first group of Peace Corps Volunteers arrived in Bulgaria to teach English at secondary schools and universities. The first group of economic development Volunteers arrived the following year. Environmental Volunteers started assignments throughout the country in September 1995, and in 2003, the youth development program (YD) was initiated. In 2004, the community and economic development (CED) and environmental programs were merged to create a community and organizational development program (COD), with the goal of providing a comprehensive approach to assisting with community development at the local level.
As of November 2006, almost 800 Volunteers have served in Bulgaria. Currently, 165 Volunteers are in-country; approximately half of them teach English as a foreign language (TEFL) in primary and secondary schools, the other half are in the COD and YD programs.
History and Future of Peace Corps Programming in Bulgaria
Since the late 1990s, Bulgaria has made exceptional progress in its transition to a decentralized, market-oriented economic system. Peace Corps has continually adapted and modified its programs to best serve the rapidly evolving needs of the people of Bulgaria and the communities it serves. As Bulgaria joins the EU, Peace Corps/Bulgaria is proud to be one of the first two Peace Corps programs to operate in an EU country. Bulgaria's rapid development has exacerbated a host of socioeconomic problems, including a quickly growing development gap between cities and rural areas, high unemployment and poverty (particularly in more remote areas and among the elderly), youth disenfranchisement, degradation of educational institutions that have not adapted to the changing realities, separation of minority groups from mainstream society, and a limited understanding of a market economy and entrepreneurial skills. There is considerable opportunity for ongoing development work in Bulgaria, and Peace Corps/Bulgaria remains dedicated to best serving the needs of Bulgaria as an EU country.
TEFL Volunteers currently teach approximately 6,000 students. The need and desire for English language fluency has increased significantly, as Bulgaria joins the global community. English fluency can open a host of opportunities for Bulgarian youth. Volunteers also conduct extracurricular conversation courses and organize English language clubs. Bulgarian educators have reported extensive improvements in the English language fluency of students and a significant enhancement of Bulgarian English language teachers' capabilities and teaching techniques as a result of their partnerships with TEFL Volunteers. Volunteers have taught computer literacy and Internet use to secondary school students, helped their schools obtain computers, and trained staff how to use them most effectively. Outreach projects help provide children from minority groups with an alternative atmosphere for learning and social development, and help raise these children's confidence and self-esteem.
COD Volunteers assist in strengthening the organizational capacity of partner organizations at the local level. These Volunteers work with local and regional governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), economic development organizations, museums, and schools. They may help their organizations develop skills in community needs assessment and response, project initiation and implementation, grant writing, business administration and management, fundraising, environmental education and protection, and information and communication technology (ICT). COD Volunteers help regional and local governments foster transparency and public involvement in municipal affairs, address minority and NGO-sector issues, and promote community partnerships. Volunteers also work with local communities to enhance public knowledge of the environment and related issues, and to strengthen the public role in local decision-making. Volunteers may conduct environmental education courses and organize outdoor activities and field trips for students. Volunteers also help teach Junior Achievement, applied economics and business English courses, and organize business and community development training events.
Youth development Volunteers are assigned to youth NGOs, municipal children's centers, youth clubs, schools, and orphanages/institutions for children who are homeless, at-risk, or have special needs. While Bulgarian youth are bright and curious about the rest of the world, many youth, particularly those in underserved and minority communities and institutions, lack the guidance and support to help them become contributing, responsible community members. Gangs of youth and use of illegal drugs are becoming more common, and HIV/AIDS is a growing problem. Volunteers work with their local partners and communities to help develop program and community support networks to support these youth, help them learn life-skills, and help them achieve their potential. Many YD Volunteers are particularly involved in summer camps that focus on leadership skills and appreciation for diversity.
All Peace Corps Volunteers in all programs in Bulgaria serve as community development workers, and get involved in a multitude of projects in their communities. Many Volunteers in all programs are involved with youth and with local sports. Most Volunteers not focused on English language education still take a very active role in helping community members improve their English language skills.
Almost all Bulgaria Peace Corps Volunteers are involved in helping youth learn decision-making skills and educating them about the risks of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery, robbing people all over the globe of their right to self-determination and legitimate work, as traffickers manipulate the innate desire for a better life into personal gain by luring people with limited opportunities into the sex trade and forced labor. Human trafficking is a growing problem in Bulgaria and in the region, and helping prevent it is a priority of the Bulgarian government. Peace Corps Volunteers are in a unique position to partner with and help strengthen local anti-trafficking organizations and to reach some of Bulgaria's most vulnerable citizens in their communities to help them understand that the right to choose their our own future is entirely within their grasp.
Many Volunteers in all programs are also involved in minority community development and tolerance-building activities, particularly with youth. There are significant Roma (gypsy), Turkish, and Bulgarian Muslim minorities in Bulgaria, and efforts towards integrating minorities into mainstream Bulgarian society are particularly important to Bulgaria's agenda as she joins the EU. Many Volunteers work with Roma organizations and help them through activities such as summer camps, life-skills sessions, leadership classes, and the creation of integrated community centers.
Bulgaria is at a stage in her rapid development where Peace Corps Volunteers can have significant and rewarding impact, as many local organizations and youth are eager for new ideas and Peace Corps Volunteers can be excellent role models for Bulgarian youth and catalysts for change. Peace Corps Volunteers become members of the communities in which they live. Volunteers have an opportunity to touch the lives of those around them and to contribute to their community's development, often in ways that may initially seem small, but have the potential to positively impact the direction of someone's life. With Bulgaria's accession to the EU, Peace Corps/Bulgaria breaks new ground and continues to evolve and respond to Bulgaria's rapid social and economic change.


text: so i got this thing in the mail to attend a conference from the sportsmen's association for firearms education inc. I have been an nra member for maybe two years (ive proabably only donated 100 bucks, other than my membership fee since im a poor college student) and i feel obliagated to do something. Should i go to this thing or what? Does it matter if i go to show support or not? The thing is 3 hours long, is it like 3 hours of speeches, 1 hour and the rest is just bsing with people and i can leave when i feel like it? Thanks.

subset: commoncrawl


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In Korea, it's known as the "6-2-5 (yug ee oh) War," a reference to June 25, 1950, when the North Korean People's Army invaded the South. Among North Koreans, it's "the Fatherland Liberation War." In America, however, the Korean War is often called "The Forgotten War" — a jarringly dismissive, imperfectly accurate phrase to describe a conflict that killed millions of combatants and civilians on both sides, including close to 40,000 Americans.
The brutal conflict lasted for roughly three years, from June 1950, until 1953, when the United Nations Command, the North Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteers signed an armistice agreement. South Korean president Syngman Rhee refused to sign the document, however — meaning that, technically, North and South Korea have been at war (or, at the very least, have not been at peace) for the past six decades.
Here, LIFE.com remembers the Forgotten War with a selection of pictures — none of which originally ran in LIFE magazine — from Korea by three of the era's finest photographers: Margaret Bourke-White, Carl Mydans and Michael Rougier.
Throughout the war, as it had during World War II and as it would, again, in Vietnam, LIFE published articles, essays and editorials — as well as matchless photographs — in an effort to provide its readers with as complete a picture of the horrors, triumphs and plain, grinding realities faced by troops on the ground and by the civilians caught between the conflict's implacable forces. Below, as a glimpse into the various ways the war was reported and "positioned" in the magazine's pages in the early Fifties, are excerpts from first-hand reports from the battler zones as well as editors' commentaries that appeared in LIFE while the Korean War raged half a world away:
"Sitting in a jeep, watching [refugees] march by without escort of any kind, I knew the constricting doubt and fear that every American in Korea comes to know as he watches those silent strangers, to whom he can not speak, filing down the roads, across the paddies and through the cities of the south." — From "Report From the Orient: Guns Are Not Enough," by John Osborne, LIFE, August 21, 1950
"From the hilltop where we now stand, soldiers of an American machine gun squad had seen the repulsed enemy retire beyond range and then, in plain sight of our men, calmly change form the green uniforms of the North Korean army to the white trousers and blouses of Korean peasants. And then they had walked back into the hills, looking like any of the lines of refugees who on this and every other day come down from the hills, across the paddies and along the roads past our lines and command posts. The soldiers watching from the hill do not forget; they remember the tiny figures in the distance, changing from green to white, every time they see a column of peasants coming toward them, and they reach for their guns, and sometimes they use their guns." — From "Report From the Orient: Guns Are Not Enough," LIFE, August 21, 1950, describing the horrible uncertainty faced by troops in the war, not knowing when refugees were really refugees, and when they were communist guerillas from the North
"No sound came from the land except the low snoring of the Marine curled up in the next foxhole. Then in an area that the Army had assured us was cleared, a Red artillery barrage burst among us, and it became a night of trying to worm deeper, tail first, into the earth. The heavy stuff [artillery] was the worst when it came walking along our ridge seemingly bent on shoving its stinking fist into every hole … We cursed our carelessness, for we had dug our hole too short, and there was no place else to go as the explosions moved all around us … [in] that dismal world of whistling steel." — From "Where 27th Held, Marines Launch Attack," LIFE, August 21, 1950
"The morale of our troops is 'good' if resigned point-counting, and bravery whose sole motive is self-preservation, can be called morale. . . . Our plan for getting a cease-fire is simply to apply more pressure. The recent stepped-up bombings were a step in the right direction. We need a series of such heightened pressures, spaced at two or three week intervals, like the turns of a thumbscrew; and each turn should be preceded by an ultimatum. . . . The millions of Americans who want a Korean truce are not military experts and are easily silenced by their own ignorance. In this case, however, their instinct for a truce seems to represent a higher political and strategic wisdom than Washington's pussyfooting. Where there is no will, there is no way. If Washington has the will for a truce, it has not exhausted the ways to get it." — From "An End to the Korean War," an editorial in LIFE urging U.S. politicians to negotiate a truce, Sept. 15, 1952
Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter @lizabethronk.


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2013/01/11 Minutes Economics Working Group
1. What does the EWG think of a campaign to reduce working week by half? Citizens income – land value capture and interest abolition. In 60s it was believed there would be reduced working week; minimum income paid to everyone in the country; social security linked to this; LVT would be a distraction. Money is not necessary; acts of kindness – money needs to have no currency. Money is brilliant; proxy for trust; basic income very unpopular. Gradido; Shutt reckons 60% marginal rate of income tax required. Taxation – political will. Economic zones like permaculture: stock-exchange and speculative activity; real world ; friendly zone to do away with money; utopian to imagine world without money. Criticality of the development of the human species; paper on work (Nelio); Socratic method; most people don't go out to work; forced to be worked; displaced labourers were coerced into working every day; Swedish was egalitarian society compared to many (not perfect and we'd need to go further); SDP successful because democratic socialist party in opposition; Occupy needs to act in that capacity to be both reasonable and outrageous; banana trade costs added in multiple locations. Need political power and political consciousness; reassess obligations of society as regards work; raise the idea of shorter working week; Sweden's social contract is deteriorating; inequality; take money from the rich and pay to the poor who will work shorter week, work share; those who work longer may not want to work less; man should live to work not work to live; occupy has a lot of latent support; Sir Thomas More Utopia – suggested a shorter working day and week; culture change within one country which would drop out of international trade.
2. Scale and its consequences – bulge bracket banks and transnational corporations
In late 2011, a study was published in NewScientist which showed 147 "super entities" (SEs) control c. 40% of 43,060 transnational corporations. This was an empirical study based on information in the public domain (shareholder registers and common directorships). If one could look behind blind trusts and nominee companies, it would probably reveal much greater concentration of wealth and power. The study refers to 45 of the top 50 SEs being financials (banks, insurance companies etc.) and the top 20 includes banks such as Barclays, JP Morgan Chase and Goldman Sachs.
Individuals, whose interests are served by these SEs, tend to move in the same circles and their placemen serve their interests in media, politics and public institutions. The names appear in the attendee lists of the World Bank Forum in Davos, the Bilderberg meetings, the think tanks (eg. Brookings Institute and Chatham House) and NGOs (eg. Rockefeller and WWF) which dominate public political and economic discourse. And of course, through the media, messages are managed to manipulate events and the people.
Their power is concentrated and derived from the banking and monetary system. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. This applies today not to individuals but the hegemonic economic system.
3. Dave – systems theories leading to big entities and why it is bad; oligopolies; communities optimal size c150. Multiple links geometric progression; costs of coordination; strategies to reduce the links; hierarchy; great multiple forking structure; information arriving at different points delays messaging; sub-divisions in corporations to reduce complexity; the Madness of Crowds (Tulip and South Sea Bubble); crowds guessing sweets, average is uncannily accurate; maintaining variety in the ecology facilitates dealing with a limited number of people; union structures to counter opposing employer hierarchy; neo-liberal zeitgeist – Adam Smith recognised the need for regulation; don't have a large number of independent players; party leaders talks to the likes of Vodafone / large players; fragility with concentration; banks allegedly sharing risks but incestuous relationships makes system vulnerable; nominee holdings; NS article; bow tie structure; banks dominant; small number of people collaborating fragile;
4. Comments – accords with understanding; how do we eradicate financial engineering; species in nature – stochastic model in evolution one species grows and the diffuse into lots of different mutations; social media; reason why things get bigger; power is concentrated. Fritz Schumacher – small is beautiful. Scale – big potentially being bad – not always the case – competition, the benefits of scale; evolutionary development parallels; processes with a degree of inevitability – Jack London Iron Hill prophecy multinationals etc. privately owned; scale is not necessarily the issue; NHS was the envy of EEC – 3% admin v 12% in Europe 30% in US (60s and 70s). Under Thatcher rose to 12% – Blair to 20% and heading to 30% on the current policies; not size but ownership; sizeable portion of Capita and G4S owned by Invesco; privatisation costs more than in-house; rubbish collection example; need to make the current situation ungovernable. Sophisticated game of monopoly – don't care about the consequences; sociopathic/psychopathic characters; product of an accumulation of history – world is sick; power of transformation; imperium and potentia; imperial v potential. Antidotes to scale; meme/models for small groups; community currencies easier to cope with than entities of scale eg. Imagine China; enough currency alternatives could compete and undermine behemoths. Liquidity expert Martin Taylor on Vickers writing in FT – Basel 2010: 20 chanting demonstrators surrounded by 40 cops ; smash sign of UBS – police did nothing; scale and appropriateness; Schumacher didn't know anything about money and compound interest; fractals; cooperative alliance, regional, national and globally; can't measure the coastline of British Isles at the atomic level. Regulation is ineffective in trying to work against the natural trend of the system – like pushing water uphill; Jared Diamond's Collapse: civilisations which perished in the past were controlled by elites disconnected from the majority and made inappropriate selfish (short term) decisions in the face of external threats leading to the collapse; disagree that the problems are caused by bad people (psychopathic tendencies) – people respond to the systematic incentives for greedy, destructive behaviour.
5. Leyton Marsh quiz at the Hare and Hounds 7:30pm details from Mike;


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With Courteney Cox celebrating her 52nd birthday on Wednesday, what better time to check in with her and the rest of your favorite "Friends" from the classic '90s sitcom?
Courteney Cox played the uptight Monica Geller on "Friends."
During her time on "Friends," Cox branched out into movies, appearing in the high-profile horror movie franchise "Scream," as reporter Gale Weathers. She started dating her co-star David Arquette, with the two marrying between seasons five and six of "Friends" and Cox changing her name to Courteney Cox Arquette.
After "Friends," Cox starred as Lucy Spiller, a cynical tabloid editor, in the FX drama "Dirt," on which she and Arquette served as executive producers. The show lasted two seasons before being canceled in 2008, while the couple split up in 2010 and eventually divorced in 2013. Between 2009 and 2015, Cox starred in the sitcom "Cougar Town," which started on ABC and then moved to TBS in early 2013. She most recently appeared in the indie drama "Mothers and Daughters," released in May 2016.
Playing the role of Rachel Green, Jennifer Aniston wowed audiences with her signature haircut and had fans cheering for Rachel and Ross. The role earned her an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
Even while "Friends" was on the air, Aniston was finding time to star in movies, landing in roles in movies such as "She's the One," "Office Space," "Rock Star," "The Good Girl" and "Bruce Almighty." After the show ended, she focused entirely on her movie career and has starred in such box office hits as "Marley & Me," "Just Go With It," "Horrible Bosses" and "We're the Millers." Her most recent roles came in the drama "Cake," which earned her a Golden Globe nomination, the comedy sequel "Horrible Bosses 2," and the 2016 romantic comedy "Mother's Day."
Lisa Kudrow played the eccentric Phoebe Buffay, an eccentric masseuse and self-taught musician who sang quirky songs such as "Smelly Cat."
After the series ended Kudrow dabbled in TV and movies. She appeared in movies that include "P.S. I Love You," "Hotel For Dogs" and "Easy A." On the TV side, she starred in the one-season HBO series "The Comeback" in 2005 and starred in the Showtime series "Web Therapy" from 2011 to 2015. "The Comeback" also returned in 2014 for another season. Her most recent roles have come in the sitcoms "Angie Tribeca" and "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" and in the comedy "Neighbor" and it's 2016 sequel.
Matthew Perry played the funny, sarcastic, insecure Chandler Bing in "Friends," who was the college roommate of Ross and the eventual boyfriend and husband of Monica.
After initially struggling to find success after "Friends," including the short-lived TV series "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip," "Mr. Sunshine" and "Go On," Perry has found success again with his remake of "The Odd Couple," which he co-created and is also executive producing. The sitcom, which sees Perry playing slob Oscar Madison opposite Thomas Lennon as the clean freak Felix Unger, premiered in February 2015 and has been renewed for a third season for the fall of 2016. Perry will next be seen playing Ted Kennedy in the 2017 miniseries "The Kennedys After Camelot."
Matt LeBlanc played the handsome, struggling actor Joey Tribbiani in "Friends," who was also Chandler's roommate for much of the series.
After "Friends" ended, LeBlanc got a spinoff sitcom titled "Joey," with Joey Tribbiani moving to Los Angeles to pursue his acting career. NBC canceled the show, which co-starred Drea de Matteo as Joey's sister, partway through its second season in 2006. In 2011, LeBlanc began starring as a fictional version of himself in the Showtime comedy series "Episodes." He won a Golden Globe award in 2012 for his work on "Episodes," after being nominated for an Emmy three times for his work on "Friends." The role has also earned him four more Emmy nominations so far. With "Episodes" ending after its fifth season in 2017, he's also joined the retooled British car show "Top Gear" and will star in the CBS sitcom "Man with a Plan" starting in the fall of 2016.
David Schwimmer played Monica's brother, paleontologist Ross Geller, who was part of the "Ross and Rachel" on-again-off-again relationship.
For most of decade since "Friends" went off the air, Schwimmer's most high-profile role came voicing the character of Melman the giraffe in the "Madagascar" animated film series. After getting his feet wet directing 10 episodes of "Friends," he went onto direct a couple episodes of "Joey" before making his feature film directorial debut with 2007's "Run, Fatboy, Run." He directed his second movie, "Trust," in 2010. He's seen a career resurgence as of late, portraying Robert Kardashian in the FX miniseries "The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story" and starring in the AMC drama "Feed the Beast."
James Michael Tyler played Gunther, a coffee shop employee who was in unrequited love with Rachel, in "Friends." He appeared in 147 of the show's 236 episodes, easily making him the recurring character with the most appearances.
In 2012, Tyler joined LeBlanc in an episode of "Episodes," playing himself. He has also appeared in the TV movie "Keeping Up with the Downs" and the movie "Jason's Big Problem" since "Friends" ended. He was also a regular in the web series "Modern Music."
Maggie Wheeler played Janice, Chandler's annoying on-again-off-again girlfriend, appearing in 19 episodes throughout the series.
While appearing on "Friends," Wheeler also landed a recurring role on "Everybody Loves Raymond," playing a friend of Patricia Heaton's character. She's gone on to guest spots on TV series such as "Fat Actress," "Drake & Josh," "ER," "Friday Night Lights," "How I Met Your Mother," "Curb Your Enthusiasm" and "The Closer." One of her most recent roles came in 2013 as a recurring character on the sixth season of "Californication."
Tom Selleck played Monica's much-older boyfriend, Dr. Richard Burke, over seven episodes during the second and third seasons of "Friends." He also made a return appearance in the two-part season six finale.
Since his role on the sitcom Selleck has had roles in popular TV series that include "Boston Legal" and "Las Vegas." He has also starred in the "Jesse Stone" series of TV movies, based off Robert B. Parker's novels, and is currently starring in the TV drama "Blue Bloods."
In 2002, Paul Rudd joined "Friends" as Mike Hannigan, who dates and eventually marries Phoebe. Rudd, best known for roles in "Clueless" and "The Object of My Affection" when he joined the sitcom, appeared in a total of 18 episodes.
Rudd has since starred in hit movies that include: "Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy," "Knocked Up," "The 40-Year-Old Virgin," "Forgetting Sarah Marshall," "I Love You, Man," "Wanderlust," "This is 40" and "Admission." He landed his biggest movie role to date in the 2015 Marvel film "Ant-Man" as the lead character and again played the character in 2016's "Captain America: Civil War."
Elliott Gould played the humorous father of Ross and Monica, Jack Geller, in "Friends," appearing in a total of 20 episodes over the course of the series.
Gould, the star of such movies as "M*A*S*H," "The Long Goodbye" and "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice," the last of which earned him an Oscar nomination, has gone on to appear in movies such as "Ocean's Twelve," "Ocean's Thirteen," "Saving Sarah Cain," "The Caller" and "Contagion" since "Friends" ended. He also had a recurring role on the Showtime drama "Ray Donovan" (pictured) and has had cameos on TV series like "Law & Order," "CSI," "The Cape" and "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit." He also returned to TV comedy in 2014 with a role in the since-canceled sitcom "Mulaney."
Christina Pickles, best known for her long-running, Emmy-nominated role of nurse Helen Rosenthal in the hospital drama "St. Elsewhere," played Monica and Ross' mother, Judy Geller.
Since "Friends" she has made guest appearances on many TV series, including "Medium," "How I Met Your Mother," "Friends with Benefits" and "Animal Practice" (pictured). She has also appeared in TV movies that include "Kat Plus One" and "Flower Girl."
Jane Sibbett played Carol, Ross' ex-wife who leaves him for another woman. Since "Friends," Sibbett has had guest spots on TV series such as "Sabrina, the Teenage Witch," "Ally McBeal" and "Once and Again." She most recently appeared in the 2016 direct-to-video movie "Jessica Darling's It List," her first on-screen role since 2008.
Jessica Hecht played Susan, the wife of Ross' ex-wife Carol, in "Friends," appearing in a total of 12 episodes.
Hecht has been extremely busy since her stint on "Friends," appearing in movies such as "Sideways," "Dan in Real Life," "Fair Game," "Whatever Works," "The Sitter" and "J. Edgar." She's also had guest spots on TV shows such as "Law & Order," "The Good Wife," "Nurse Jackie," "Elementary," "Limitless" and "Jessica Jones," and had recurring roles on "Bored to Death," "Breaking Bad" and "Person of Interest."
Helen Baxendale played Ross' second wife, Emily, who Ross humiliates on her wedding day when he says Rachel's name instead of hers during their vows. The English actress appeared in 13 episodes during the show's fourth and fifth seasons.
After her stint as Mrs. Geller, Baxendale has done much of her work in her native England, appearing in British TV series such as "An Unsuitable Job For A Woman," "Cold Feet," "Kidnap and Ransom" and "Cuckoo." Her most recent roles came in the British TV series "Death in Paradise" (pictured) and "Law & Order: UK."
Just as she was beginning to land bigger roles, including the movies "The Postman" and "Rushmore," Olivia Williams appeared in three episodes of "Friends" in a bit role, playing Emily's bridesmaid Felicity, who has a brief fling with Joey during the Ross and Emily's wedding in England. Her role was so small she was actually only credited in one of the episodes.
Williams went on to star in "The Sixth Sense" opposite Bruce Willis and has also starred in movies such as "An Education," "Hanna," "Anna Karenina," "The Last Days on Mars" and "Sabotage." She also starred in the short-lived series "Dollhouse" and "Manhattan."
Giovanni Ribisi began appearing in a recurring role on "Friends" during the show's second season, playing Phoebe's brother Frank Buffay Jr. The character appeared in a total of nine episodes, with Phoebe eventually serving as a surrogate mother for him and his wife and delivering triplets.
Ribisi has gone on to appear in movies such as "Cold Mountain," "Public Enemies," "Avatar," "Contraband," "Ted," "Gangster Squad" and "A Million Ways to Die in the West." He also starred in the short-lived Fox sitcom "Dads," which lasted one season before being canceled in May 2014.
Debra Jo Rupp played Alice Knight, Frank's girlfriend and eventual wife, in six episodes. Originally Frank's home economics teacher, the two stick together despite an age gap of 26 years.
Toward the tail end of her appearances on "Friends," Rupp landed the role of Kitty Forman on the Fox sitcom "That '70s Show," the role is she is probably most known for. She also appeared on the short-lived sitcom "Better with You" in 2010-11.
Aisha Tyler played Charlie Wheeler, a paleontology professor who dates both Joey and Ross, appearing in a total of nine episodes during the ninth and tenth seasons of "Friends."
Tyler has gone on to recurring roles on "24," "CSI" and "Ghost Whisperer" and has appeared in the movies "Balls of Fury" and "Bedtime Stories." She's also had guest spots on "Boston Legal," "Glee," "Hawaii Five-0" and "Modern Family," but her most high-profile role has come off-screen, voicing spy Lana Kane on the FX animated series "Archer."
Eddie Cahill appeared in seven episodes of "Friends" in 2000 and 2001, playing Tag Jones, a younger man whom Rachel hires as her assistant at Ralph Lauren. She eventually has a fling with him.
After "Friends," Cahill played "Miracle on Ice" goalie Jim Craig in 2004's "Miracle." But he is probably best known for playing Detective Don Flack on "CSI: NY" for nine seasons. He also joined the cast of the CBS drama "Under the Dome" for its second and third seasons and will next be seen on the ABC legal drama "Conviction," premiering in the fall of 2016.
After a breakout role in 1996's "Swingers," Jon Favreau appeared in six episodes of "Friends" the following year, playing Pete Becker, a millionaire manager of a computer corporation whom Monica briefly dates. Pete memorably and hopelessly became involved in Ultimate Fighting in his last episode, leading to his breakup with Monica.
Favreau has gone on to appear in movies such as "The Replacements," "Made," "The Break-Up," "Identity Thief" and the "Iron Man" series. He's also spent more time behind the camera, directing "Made," "Elf," the first two "Iron Man" movies, "Cowboys & Aliens," "Chef" and "The Jungle Book."
Michael Rapaport played Gary, a cop dating Phoebe, in four episodes during the show's fifth season in 1999.
Rapaport has gone on to appear in many movies, including "Deep Blue Sea," "Small Time Crooks" and "The Heat," and was a regular on the TV series "Boston Public." He's also had recurring roles on "Prison Break," "My Name Is Earl," "The Mob Doctor" and "Justified" (pictured).
Anna Faris appeared on five episodes of "Friends" in 2004, playing Erica, the young woman who gives birth to Chandler and Monica's adopted twins.
Faris, who was already relatively well known for the first three "Scary Movie" films when she appeared on "Friends," has gone on to star in movies such as "Just Friends," "The House Bunny," "Observe and Report," "Take Me Home Tonight" and "The Dictator." She's also voiced a main role in both "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs" movies and now stars in the sitcom "Mom," which debuted in 2013. She's seen here with her husband, "Guardians of the Galaxy" and "Jurassic World" star Chris Pratt, in July 2014.
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On Saturday, Oct. 6, the Kenedy Bluebonnet Festival Queens Court and float went to Gonzales to the "Come and Take It" Parade and festivities. Queen Brandy Ornelas, 1st Runner up Trini Almanza and 2nd Runner up Candice Ornelas represented Kenedy well in the 123 entry parade. It was an awesome parade experience for myself and President Arnold, as we saw a new kind of parade presentation. Special thanks to the Wood Group Duval staff who worked all day on Friday to repair and revitalize the float. It looked fantastic and the court appreciated the opportunity to gracefully take their places on the float with the new step ladder.
The Kenedy Rotary Float with Miss Karnes County Jennifer Kotara also attend the Gonzales parade and won 2nd Place as Visiting Float Specialty! Congratulations Jennifer!
So many things going on! Please come out and join us at the Karnes County Country Club for the Six Shooter Junction Golf Tournament and Toys for Tots Cook-off on Oct. 20. Sponsors, players and cooks are coming in daily. Come and join us and be a part of the success of Kenedy. Working together keeps Kenedy growing. Until we meet, Live Life Fully. Brenda.


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Press Release Detail
Pharmacy Faculty Named President of State Organization
Dr. Judianne Slish, associate professor at St. John Fisher College's Wegmans School of Pharmacy, was recently named president of the Pharmacists Society of the State of New York (PSSNY). Slish will serve as the organization's 123rd president.
Before coming to Fisher in 2007, Slish was an assistant professor at the University at Buffalo, practicing at the Erie County Medical Center. She has also worked at Strong Memorial Hospital as a pharmacy practice resident, extending her training into general medicine. In addition, she completed a specialty residency at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, gaining expertise in infectious diseases.
Slish has held leadership positions in the Pharmacists Association of Western New York and on the PSSNY Board of Directors.
The PSSNY, founded in 1879, represents licensed pharmacists across the state. The organization aims to unite pharmacists for mutual assistance, encouragement, and improvement in order to maintain a standard of pharmacy practice at a high professional and ethical level.


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WEF Discussion Forums
Laboratory Management and Technical Issues
Significant Digits
I am just wondering how many significant digits are required to be reported for the TSS and BOD5 tests. We were recently dealing with a lab that reported 2 significant digits for their tests on influent that had results between 100 and 200 mg/L. They rounded their results to the nearest 10 mg/L. Is this a common practice or should they be giving an extra digit?
Unless the regulatory agency to which the data is being sent says
otherwise, it is a good laboratory practice to record/report results to
three significant figures whenever the measurement system allows.
If the lab is using a modern, digital DO meter and good analytical balance,
they can certainly report to three significant figures. If the lab is using
an analog DO meter (heaven forbid!) for BOD and top-loading pan balance
for TSS (don't laugh...I've seen it done), two significant figures is probably the best they can do for
each test. That doesn't mean you have to accept the data, however...tell them you want three significant figures, and if they can't or won't give them to you, change labs (if the lab in questions is a supporting commercial lab).
Perry Brake
A perfect example of what we lost with the new forum. We had this discussion a while ago, now lost.
I don't agree completely with Perry here. Yes, a good DO meter can read to 3 sig fig; but my feeling is that the BOD test is good to about one and a half sig fig, never to three. So if you got two results of (say) 67 and 63 I'd say that was pretty good agreement even though they don't match to even one sig fig.
Old Lag
I agree with Old Lag. Back in the dark ages when I used to do many, many BOD tests, the purpose of that specific test (as I understood it) was to be an "indicator" of biological waste concentration. Somehow, as the EPA has entrenched themselves as the "know all" for everything environmental they have required so much quality control that the original intent of the test has become lost. Now, if this forum (at least the former one) was any indication, lab folks spent most of their waking hours worrying about 1% accuracy on the QC tests.
Calculations of results required using a slide rule, or possibly an abacus. All results were somewhat "approximate," so that if you got two significant figures you were good. Now, in the digital age, we can get a "theoretical" (only in the sense that the calculator reads to 89 significant figures) level or accuracy that some people think is the "real result." I could see the problem coming 30 years ago, when the concept of significant figures was totally lost on the younger folks coming out of school. I still think that an analog instrument can often (but not always) tell you more than a digital readout.
Anonymous No. ____
Jeff Naumann, pissing upwind
you only have to report the number of specific figures that are in your permit limits.
The general rule, as I understand it, is to report no MORE significant figures than your least significant measurement. Conversely, "use the same number of sig figs as your LEAST significant measurement". Using TSS as an example, if 100 mls (3 sigfigs) of sample had a dry weight of 0.0126 grams (3 sigfigs), then report a TSS = 126 mg/l. However, if 100 mls of sample had a dry weight of 0.0025 grams, then report only two sigfigs TSS=25 mg/l.
I quite agree. One needs to keep aware of what one is measuring.
You're absolutely right, Keith. And for TSS, one might also have to
consider the measurement of sample volume. If you are filtering 200
mL, for example, and you measure the volume in a 500 mL graduated
cylinder, you can probably measure to only two significant figures.
Same with BOD. And because of the volume measurement, I agree that BOD
results should be reported to two significant figures. But I will
stand by my guns that it isn't the measurement of DO that limits you to
two. And for BOD results on PT study samples, it might be a good idea to report three figures regardless of what is scientifically correct since the PT providers use three. It would be troubling to report "25 mg/L" when you calculated 25.4 mg/L and got a "not acceptable" because the lower acceptance limit in the PT study was 25.3 mg/L.
Kieth is correct. You need to know how many sin figures you have and report accordingly. As for PT samples they normall ask you to report one more figure than is significant if you can.
You're absolutely right, Keith. And for TSS, one might also have to consider the measurement of sample volume. If you are filtering 200 mL, for example, and you measure the volume in a 500 mL graduated cylinder, you can probably measure to only two significant figures. Same with BOD. And because of the volume measurement, I agree that BOD results should be reported to two significant figures. But I will stand by my guns that it isn't the measurement of DO that limits you to two. And for BOD results on PT study samples, it might be a good idea to report three figures regardless of what is scientifically correct since the PT providers use three. It would be troubling to report "25 mg/L" when you calculated 25.4 mg/L and got a "not acceptable" because the lower acceptance limit in the PT study was 25.3 mg/L.
That is possible, Perry, but extremely unlikely. The acceptance window for the BOD test is generally big enough to pitch an Airedale through.
Dave Wichern aka Dedalus
t's highly unlikely for good labs...but there are plenty of
not-so-good labs out there, and I have seen many "not acceptable"
results for BOD PE samples.
It is ironic that we are using the BOD method to discuss sig. figures. Standard Methods lists several DO readings with 1, 2, and 3 significant figures. For example, when discussing initial DO it reccomends that it not exceed 9 mg/l DO. When discussing DW acceptance limits it says 0.2 mg/l and it talks about uptake of 0.05 to 0.1 mg/l in the same sentence!
Then it talks about residual DO of "at least 1 mg/l" and uptake of "at least 2 mg/l"
Finally, in the GGA section it lists control limits as 198 +/- 30.5 which would imply 4 sig figs precision!
When you consider that there are several sources of error in the calibrating procedure and that the the BOD bottle and the graduated cylinder both contribute errors, I dont see how we can report to more than 2 sig figs.
Same for the TSS and TDS tests. Samples with heavy solids would require use of a 10 ml cylinder, which would yield some number like 1234mg/l.
Luis Manriquez
When discussing significant digits it is important to know that the last significant digit is always in doubt. 162 or 166 would both be proper reporting to the most significant digit.
As far as BOD a DO of at least remaining and 2 depletion, they are both absolute numbers and getting a 1 or 2 depends on the significant figures of the DO readings that you use.
A GGA of 198 +/- 30.5 does not indicate 4 significant digits but that a result of 168 mg/L would be exceptable and 167 mg/L would indicate a need for some improvement to correct the analysis. 3 significant figures are appropriate if your meter works properly.
A result of 1234 mg/L would require a 10 ml measurement of 10.00 ml which would require a volumemetric measurement or weighing the sample. Not too many people care if it is 1230 or 1240 anyway. I have only seen Engineer's reports that print an average for BOD's at 189.125 mg/L. We all know this should have been rounded.
An additional thought, the sample with a initial DO of 9 indicates that it can be 9.41 mg/L. The 9 was stated as 1 sig digit and would mean less than 9.50 mg/L. If you warm a sample to 20 +/- 3 C then at 17 C the saturation would be 9.41 mg/L at the average barometric pressure for our elivation. If you want it less than 9.00 then you have to warm it to at least 20 C.
You can still debate the 0.2 mg/l blank as to if it means 0.20 mg/L. I think that is what was intended so the method should reflect that fact.
My point was that SM was using numbers of differing significant figures that are all dependent on readings from the same DO meter.
As for the limits for 9 and .2, our lab long ago decided the opposite of what Mr. Royer suggested. If a sample is over 9.00 mg/l DO we have to bring it down by shaking vigorously. If a DW sample depletion is 0.25 mg/l it is acceptable but 0.26 is not.
No word on whether -0.20 mg/l (or any negative number, which would be due to different calibrations and analysts) would be acceptable.
As for the 10 ml TSS sample, I don't believe one can consistently get even 10.0 mls in a class A graduated cylinder. Even if one could use an Eppendorf pippette the temperature variations would add volume errors. The weighing step adds another set of errors, so we are left with rounding to 2 sig. figures, not 3 and the number to report should be 1200 mg/l.
Luis Manriquez
A USEPA region 5 lab inspector told me that if can not report 3 significant figures then you are not analyzing a large enough volume of sample for any gravimetric analysis using an analytical balance. 10.0 ml sample is still 3 significant digits.
"A USEPA region 5 lab inspector told me that if can not report 3 significant figures then you are not analyzing a large enough volume of sample for any gravimetric analysis using an analytical balance. 10.0 ml sample is still 3 significant digits."
Maybe, but 9.9 is only 2 sig figs. Inspectors and auditors of every government agency should think outside the 10.0 box.
Obviously, if you only have 2 sig figures that is what you report. A residue weight of 0.0049 g with a 500 ml sample will yeild 9.8 mg/L and that would be 2 sig figures. I think he was concerned with reporting just a 10, 20, or 30 TSS because they did not filter enough sample to get more sig figures. We always filter a lot of sample on low samples because we have plenty of sample volume.
On the sig digits for BOD. Standard Methods 21st ed. has dilution water blanks less than 0.20 mg/L and uptake of 2.0 with 1.0 mg/l DO remaining. As for sample DO it states that the sample should be warmed to 20 +/- 3 C and agitate vigorously to remove excess DO. Then if the temperature was 17 C a DO of 9.41 might be possible depending on barometric pressure at saturation. The sig digits have been increased in the latest ed. Std. Methods.
James Royer: Thanks for the heads up. I do not have the 21st edition at hand.
Our permit is based on the 20th edition, so we use 0.25 mg/l depletion as the limit for DW.
Still no word on how to treat negative depletions. Would -0.26 be OK? It is, after all, less than 0.20mg/l.
My concerns about the inconsistent use of sig. figures in SM are still valid, though.
A pet peeve of mine is how many experienced analysts confuse significant figures with precision. To illustrate, say you filter two samples for TSS using 100 mls. One yields a weight difference of 8.5mg and the other gives you 185.5 mg/l. They both have the same precision, right? Most labs would report 85 mg/l and 1860 mg/l and leave it at that.
Disregarding the balance error, one could say the sample volume was determinable to 1 in 100 mls. The 85 mg/l result would be close to this 1/100 precision. The 1860, even though is rounded up, is 1/186, a precision not supported by the sample volume. we would need to specify 1860 +/-20 as the true value.
If a smaller volume were needed to filter the sample, as happens with heavy solids wastes, the problem typically gets worse. In other words, reporting values such as 103 mg/l and 914 mg/l from a test does not accurately reflect precision. They both have 3 significant figures, but one has precision of 1/100 and the other close to 1/1000.
Let's consider a typical BOD example too. A lab reports a BOD sample as say, 362 mg/l.
ID SampleVol Initial DO Final DO Depletion Ratio BOD Avg BOD
Raw1 2ml 8.35 5.92 2.43 150 364.50 362
Raw1 4ml 8.31 3.42 4.89 75 366.75
Raw1 6ml 8.26 1.19 7.07 50 353.50
As you can see, the limiting factor is the sample volume, not the DO reading.
Applying the same logic as for TSS, a sample volume of 2 mls might be precise to 0.1 mls using a precision pipette. Ignoring variables such as homogeneity and sample bottle volume, this works out to a 1 in 20 precision. For the 6 mls this would be 1 in 60. The reported result, however is 362, implying a 1/362 precision. At best, the result should be reported as 362 +/- 6 mg/l.
If we consider a worst case scenario, where only one bottle is valid, it would look like this:
ID Sample Vol Initial DO Final DO Depletion Ratio BOD Avg BOD
Raw2 1ml 8.35 1.19 7.16 300 2148.00 2150
In this case, the volume is precise to only 1 in 10 but he rounded result has 1 to 215 precision. We should only report that as 215 +/- 22 mg/l.
Luis, using a pipette to measure the sample volume of 1, 2, or 6 ml has 3 significant figures. You can read the 1 ml, the .1 ml and estimate the .01 ml which is the volume reading that is in doubt. The last digit of significant digits are always in doubt.
Your example of BOD calculations of 365, 367, and 354 mg/L averaged would be 362 mg/L and all the valures would be within the +/- 10 mg/L. Knowing the 1 reported digit is in doubt the all the values would be within 10 ml/L.
you might be right at the 914 mg/L reporting area. Values in this area might need to be rounded to the nearest 5 mg/L or something. Each lab should do their own calculations and include it in their own SOP.
I can not see any problem with reporting 3 significant digets in the SOP.


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Living in Japan, I've got a PS3. They've (Sony) done an excellent job of keeping XBox out of the mix over here, and some of my friend's kids have never even heard of them!
I went to buy one in Tokyo, and in 4 different stores they didn't even stock them, so I got a PS3.
Does anyone have a PS3? Looks like I'm on my lonesome in this one. Bummer.


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Enjoy the colour and drama of India's festive pageantry
Ellora Festival, Maharashtra
This festival of dance and music is held every March in the splendid surroundings of the world-heritage listed cave temple of Ellora, about 30 km from Aurangabad, Maharashtra. The festival showcases India's renowned artists in music and dance with the caves forming a splendid backdrop. It is a unique and charming way to experience the magnificent caves, and imbibe centuries of history and culture. This festival is organised by Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC).


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Would you like to receive free chapters from popular books in your daily email?
Click here to join the Barron F. Black Branch book club. With your free book chapters, you will also receive a list of events at Barron F. Black Branch Library.
Toddler Time
(Play and Learn)
- Date: 03/11/2014 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
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Norfolk, Virginia 23513
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Is your child too old for Babygarten but not quite ready for Preschool Storytime? Toddler Time combines three elements toddlers love: stories, playing and singing! (Toddlers, ages 2- 3)
(757) 441-5806


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Quartzsite Solar Energy Project
Quartzsite Solar Energy proposes to construct a 100-megawatt solar-powered electrical generation facility in La Paz County, Arizona.The proposed project would use a solar field made up of heliostats, which are a collection of mirrors, a 653-foot tower to capture and concentrate the sun's heat to make steam, and a thermal energy storage system. Steam produced by the facility would power traditional steam turbine generators. The project is proposed for an area about 10 miles north of Quartzsite and adjacent to Arizona State Route 95. The generation plant, power line and ancillary facilities would be on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management.


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Puzzle Levels
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ZAGREB, Croatia (AP) – Ivan Krstanovic scored a stoppage-time penalty to earn Dinamo Zagreb a 1-1 draw with Dynamo Kiev in the Champions League on Tuesday. Kiev had already secured a place in the Europa League for finishing third in Group A. Zagreb put its first point on the board after scoring the team's first goal of this season's competition in another humiliating Champions League campaign. Last season, Dinamo lost all six group games. Andriy Yarmolenko opened the scoring with an arching volley from 20 meters in the closing seconds in the first half - amid a relentless snowfall that saw play suspended for 17 minutes before being resumed in the 10th minute. Porto and Paris Saint-Germain advanced to the knockout stage from the group.
Kiev draws 1-1 with Zagreb 1 in Champions League
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Congrads to Mr.Lucky!
Can the #48 win from anywhere else other than the front row? The whole race was boring,oh that's right it was another 1.5 mile it was suppose to be boring so was the NW race!
Races, tracks, drivers and all the drama that comes along with it
Rochelle wrote:I was not happy with Mark either, but it's still very close... Brad was not too happy over the radio right after the race either. Still 2 races to go, that horseshoe still might come up missing between here and Homestead...
michaeljohn wrote:well at least he doesnt turn it into a fuel millage race with half a race to go, that is a chicken sh!t way to win....
Smoke14TS wrote:Good grief I wonder what planet some people are on.
racer1 wrote:The #48 is soon to be 6 time more then likely and will eventually be known as the best driver EVER in Nascar. Brad K is a big mouth and doesnt deserve anything and he probably wont get it anyway because he lacks what it takes to actually BE a Champion.
Also to those here, being nasty blaming someone for wrecking just shows the ignorance and immaturity on this board so grow up or turn off you PC. Wishing other drivers were in the running to win it all is fine but not likely as its down to 2 unless there is one heck of a crashfest in the next 2 races that takes them both out and thats not likely.
Also suggesting Brad K wont play so nice--your kidding right--JJ will turn his car into a wad of scrap metal if he tries anything as Brad K learned his lesson as a rookie when he was wrecking everyone in sight untill the veterans took it to him. Beside JJ has many more teammates so Brad does'nt even want to start that war. Just hope for a good clean last 2 races as its basically down to those 2 and there is only one driver capable of being a Champion--again--more then likely.
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
#1 7.0 earthquake strikes just south of Alaska's Aleutian Islands08-30-2013, 06:10 PM
By CNN Staff
updated 1:21 PM EDT, Fri August 30, 2013
(CNN) -- An earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 7.0 struck in the Pacific Ocean just south of Alaska's Aleutian Islands on Friday morning, the U.S. Geological Survey said.
There is no tsunami danger, the USGS said.
The quake, at a depth of 21.4 miles, was centered about 57 miles east-southeast of Adak, a city on one of the Aleutian Islands.
LINKMay the FORCE be with you!
Cause of earth quake discovered in nearby Russia.
The difference between pigs and people is that when they tell you you're cured it isn't a good thing.
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Argentina's Sergio "Maravilla" Martinez, who reclaimed the WBC middleweight title last weekend by defeating Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. in Las Vegas, broke a hand during the fight and will be operated on in Spain for a knee injury.
Promoter Lou Di Bella announced that, besides the broken hand, Martinez suffered an injury to the ligaments in one of his knees, probably produced by a fall he took near the end of the fight.
The 37-year-old Argentine boxer was admitted for several hours to a Las Vegas hospital. Members of his team said that the seriousness of the injury will be determined in the coming days, when the inflammation subsides and it can be examined more closely.
"His hand was broken, he got knocked down, his knee was messed up, but he got up and he didn't look to hold. He looked to fight," DiBella told ESPN. "Sergio Martinez is a man's man. He could have held and grabbed Chavez, or just stay away, but that is not who he is. He wanted to fight to the end and knock the kid out."
After being handily outboxed by his rival during the fight's first 11 rounds, Chavez Jr. harshly punished the Argentine in the last round and was just a hair away from knocking him out. EFE


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|By Bob Gourley
Article Rating:
|January 15, 2013 08:50 AM EST
By RyanKamauff
Here are the top cyber news and stories of the day.
- Malware Infects Two Power Plants Lacking Basic Security Controls - The most recent DHS Industrial Control System (ICS) CERT report has knowledge of two infected power plants via USB drive vectors. Updated antivirus software did find the malware, but not for some time. Via ThreatPost, more here.
- Oracle says Java is fixed; feds maintain warning - Oracle said yesterday that they had fixed the vulnerabilities in the omnipresent Java code; however, DHS retorted that "This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be discovered," in an update on their website. Oracle claims that all these vulnerabilities (and more) will be fixed when Java 7u11 is installed. Via Daily Record, more here.
- NASA awards CSC $103 million contract - Computer Science Corporation has won a $103 million contract to provide support to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Computational and Information Science Technology Office,according to the agency. Under the contract, CSC will provide high-end computing, data and general support services for CISTO, NASA said. CSC will also provide Goddard's Sciences and Exploration Directorate with information technology and computational services. Via FedScoop, more here.
- DARPA's New Mission: Cloud Security – DARPA has started a new program, Mission-oriented Resilient Clouds (MRC), which should work with the federal cloud strategy to provide cloud services to DoD organizations in need. MRC is looking to extend cloud capabilities and strengthen defenses, while complying with FedRAMP standards. DARPA is looking to create "shared situational awareness and dynamic trust models." Via Internet Evolution, more here.
- $420 MILLION TSA PROGRAM DOESN'T WORK - The U.S. Department of the Army issued a Federal Register notice that the TWIC card will no longer be used to authenticate users for access to certain Department of Defense computer systems. Apparently, the PKIs used for the TWIC program cannot be used to authenticate. The TWIC program has been under fire since its inception, and this is nothing new. Via WND, more here.
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IoT solutions exploit operational data generated by Internet-connected smart "things" for the purpose of gaining operational insight and producing "better outcomes" (for example, create new business models, eliminate unscheduled maintenance, etc.). The explosive proliferation of IoT solutions will result in an exponential growth in the volume of IoT data, precipitating significant Information Governance issues: who owns the IoT data, what are the rights/duties of IoT solutions adopters towards t...
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WebRTC is the future of browser-to-browser communications, and continues to make inroads into the traditional, difficult, plug-in web communications world. The 6th WebRTC Summit continues our tradition of delivering the latest and greatest presentations within the world of WebRTC. Topics include voice calling, video chat, P2P file sharing, and use cases that have already leveraged the power and convenience of WebRTC.
Dec. 7, 2016 10:30 AM EST Reads: 1,712
Unsecured IoT devices were used to launch crippling DDOS attacks in October 2016, targeting services such as Twitter, Spotify, and GitHub. Subsequent testimony to Congress about potential attacks on office buildings, schools, and hospitals raised the possibility for the IoT to harm and even kill people. What should be done? Does the government need to intervene? This panel at @ThingExpo New York brings together leading IoT and security experts to discuss this very serious topic.
Dec. 7, 2016 10:00 AM EST Reads: 433
In his keynote at 18th Cloud Expo, Andrew Keys, Co-Founder of ConsenSys Enterprise, provided an overview of the evolution of the Internet and the Database and the future of their combination – the Blockchain. Andrew Keys is Co-Founder of ConsenSys Enterprise. He comes to ConsenSys Enterprise with capital markets, technology and entrepreneurial experience. Previously, he worked for UBS investment bank in equities analysis. Later, he was responsible for the creation and distribution of life sett...
Dec. 7, 2016 09:15 AM EST Reads: 7,258


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Knowledge Base / Policy / Abandoned and Inactive Projects
This page will outline our policies regarding abandoned projects.
What is an abandoned project?
Really there are two types of abandoned projects. There are ones that we've marked as abandoned, and there are ones that are abandoned in practise but not in name.
We give projects a long time, a very long time, before we mark them as abandoned. So these types are considered essentially dead. However, they can be resurrected.
The second category of abandoned projects are those that just haven't been updated in a long time, the project leader seem to be MIA, and/or the project is slowly fading due to bitrot. Projects in the state seemed destined to be labeled as abandoned, however there is hope still.
Resurrecting one of your projects that's been labelled as abandoned, a how-to
This is simple. Assuming a project you are an author of has been marked as abandoned all you have to do to resurrect it to update it. This will automatically flag the project as a normal project and you're back in the game.
The project lead has dropped off the face of the planet, what to do
Well there are a few different options here. But generally you should follow the procedure for claiming an abandoned project which is outlined on this page.
I want to take over an abandoned project from someone else, what do I do?
This is possible, on a case-by-case basis.
Before you bring us into it, you should attempt to contact the author directly. This is by far the most preferred method. Also, you shouldn't try to take over a project that you've not done anything with yet. So please if you're trying to take over a project that you're not an author on, start maintenance in a clone.
If contacting the project leader fails (by fail I mean that he didn't respond, not that they said no) please follow these steps:
- 1. Report the project.
- This report should contain references to your attempts to contact the author and any work you've done on the project until this point.
- Include any information that you have regarding the project and why you think you should be able to take it over (eg: the project is licensed as Public Domain, as per author comment on their Curse project page they want people to take it over, etc).
- 2. Wait.
- We will examine the request on a case-by-case basis. We will examine the situation including the following:
- *The license of the project
- *The original author's wishes (from comments on their projects, comments in code, etc).
- *Your status on the project
Do not upload a new project as a fan update. If you are going to be allowed to contribute you will be added to the original project.
- Date created
- May 04, 2009


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Dealing with the fear of being a boring teacher.
It often starts with something awesome on the Internet. I had no idea how rich this was going to get. My students laughed, they thought, they got frustrated (and liked it), and they actively learned how to program spreadsheets, in addition to the calculus standard that I had in mind: optimization. This is one of…
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Shawn Cornally • October 8, 2012


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The Changeling (episode)
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(written from a Production point of view)
|"The Changeling"
|TOS, Episode 2x08
Production number: 60337
First aired: 29 September 1967
Remastered version aired: 2 February 2008
|38th of 80 produced in TOS
|32nd of 80 released in TOS
|56th of 80 released in TOS Remastered
|32nd of 728 released in all
| Written By
John Meredyth Lucas
Directed By
Marc Daniels
|3541.9 (2267)
The Enterprise finds an ancient interstellar probe from Earth, missing for 265 years, which has somehow mutated into a powerful and intelligent machine bent on sterilizing entire populations that do not meet its standards of perfection.
The USS Enterprise is en route to the Malurian star system, investigating a distress call. Uhura has received no response to hails on any frequency, even after Captain Kirk reminds her of a special science team transmitter. However, Spock's sensor data contains tragic news: although there should be over four billion Malurians there are no readings of life anywhere in the system. As Kirk and Spock speculate about what could have caused the eradication of life in such a short time, a large bolt of energy comes out of nowhere. Kirk orders red alert, and the object impacts upon the Enterprise's shields.
Act OneEdit
The entire crew is hurled around, and when things stabilize, Scotty reports that the shields will stand only three more such impacts, as they have been reduced by 20%. The Enterprise's shields continue to be battered by repeated attacks. Finally, after the shields are completely gone and a photon torpedo in response has been completely absorbed, Kirk orders Lieutenant Uhura to hail the very small object Spock has identified as the source of attack. The object stops its assault and tries to respond to the hail with an old-style binary code. The crew has some difficulty translating, but eventually succeeds. The object identifies itself as Nomad, and its mission as "non-hostile." As it is only a fraction over one meter in length Kirk has it beamed aboard, if only to prevent it from firing on the ship again. Later it is revealed that the object had stopped its assault when it heard Kirk's name, somehow believing that Kirk is its creator.
Act TwoEdit
Once on board, Nomad wastes no time investigating the ship, with only Kirk's orders preventing it from having free rein. Knowing how powerful it is, Kirk orders guards to watch it at all times, but Nomad proves able to evade them. Furthermore, it seem highly logically-minded and gets confused whenever it encounters something illogical; when it hears Uhura singing on the bridge, and goes to investigate, it is unsatisfied with her explanation of the song's function and wipes her memory, requiring her to be reeducated. Scotty, seeing this, attempts to save Uhura from the probe, but is killed by it, only to be revived by it shortly thereafter.
Act ThreeEdit
This proves disconcerting to Kirk, who orders Nomad to be guarded and analyzed by Spock. After the analysis, a background check on Nomad in the ship's data banks, and a mind meld, Spock gets enough details about the probe to fill in the blanks; Originally, Nomad was built by Jackson Roykirk for a deep-space extraterrestrial contact mission, but was lost in a meteor shower. During that time, it came into contact with Tan Ru, an alien probe whose mission was to collect and sterilize soil samples, presumably for terraforming missions. The two melded into this new Nomad, combining their technology and missions into one extremely powerful probe bent on sterilizing any imperfect lifeforms it encounters, using its own perceptions of perfection (i.e. itself) as a measuring stick. As such, it destroyed all life in the Malurian star system but because its original programming was damaged and corrupted in the merger, it erroneously equates Kirk with its creator, not realizing that the two are different people and its creator is, in fact, long dead.
Unfortunately, the mind meld and an unintentional admittance from Kirk confirms to Nomad that its creator is an imperfect biological entity, and with that knowledge, it decides to commandeer the ship and execute its prime function. Nomad escapes from the brig cell Kirk had confined it in, kills two security guards in the process, and turns off all life support on the ship. With little time left, Kirk comes to recognize Nomad's refabricated mission and takes a gamble to confront it again.
Act FourEdit
Through a questioning to Nomad on its prime directive, Kirk confirms his suspicions that it must execute it with no exceptions, and then reveals that he is not Nomad's creator. He explains that Nomad had mistaken himself for Roykirk, the two men's names being similar, and as such Nomad has committed an error; furthermore, it has compounded that error with two more, specifically failing to realize its mistake and failing to immediately execute its prime directive as a result. This causes Nomad to lock up in an irreversible logic loop, its stubborn belief that it is perfect conflicting with the realization that it is in error, and Spock and Kirk manage to get it to the transporter and beam it into space just as it executes its prime function on itself. The explosion is detected near the Enterprise and Nomad is no more.
Log entriesEdit
- "Captain's log, stardate 3541.9. The presence of Nomad aboard my ship has become nightmarish. Now, it apparently means to return to Earth. Once there, it would automatically destroy all life."
Memorable QuotesEdit
"This is one of your units, creator?"
"Yes, he is."
"It functions irrationally."
- - Nomad and Kirk, on the "unit" McCoy
"That unit is a woman."
"A mass of conflicting impulses."
- - Spock and Nomad, on the "unit" Uhura
"This unit is different. It is well-ordered."
- - Nomad, on the "unit" Spock
"A man is not just a biological unit that you can patch together."
- - McCoy, after Nomad heals Scott
"The ball is bl-u-ee. Bl-u-ey. Bluey?"
- - Uhura, as she relearns English
"The creation of perfection is no error."
- - Nomad, refuting Kirk's claim that its creation was an error
"You are the Creator."
"You're wrong! Jackson Roykirk, your creator, is dead! You have mistaken me for him, you are in error! You did not discover your mistake, you have made two errors. You are flawed and imperfect. And you have not corrected by sterilization, you have made three errors!"
- - Nomad, sent into a logic feedback loop by Kirk
"My congratulations, Captain. A dazzling display of logic."
"You didn't think I had it in me, did you, Spock?"
"No, sir."
- - Spock and Kirk, on Nomad's induced self-destruction by Kirk
"It's not easy to lose a bright and promising son... my son – the doctor."
- - Kirk, whose son became a doctor, about Nomad
Background InformationEdit
- Although never credited, this episode–which depicted an Earth-launched space probe that acquires almost unimaginable powers in the course of the search for its "Creator"–became the inspiration behind the first Star Trek film. (It also inspired "The Questor Tapes", a 1974 series pilot written by Gene Roddenberry and Gene L. Coon which also featured a robot with a damaged memory who searched for its creator.) For this reason, some fans have appended to Star Trek: The Motion Picture the punning subtitle "Where Nomad Has Gone Before." (Star Trek: The Original Series 365, p. 188)
- Also never credited, the idea behind this episode was inspired by the last episode of the original The Outer Limits. That episode, called "The Probe" (with Janos Prohaska, in a Horta-like rubber suit, and Mark Richman), featured an alien automated probe which headed for Earth after apparently encountering one of our deep space exploration devices. As in the Trek episode, the probe nearly kills everyone because of its imperative to sterilize. (citation needed • edit)
- Director Marc Daniels portrays Jackson Roykirk in the photograph, wearing Scotty's dress uniform.
- Eddie Paskey is seen in a gold shirt in this episode so he would match the standard stock footage screen shot with George Takei and an extra's left shoulder. In "The Corbomite Maneuver" he is seen wearing gold in the corridor during Kirk-to-crew announcements (the same shot was recycled in many episodes, including "The Menagerie, Part I" and "Assignment: Earth"). Paskey also appears in a red technician's jumpsuit in the main engineering scenes.
- Lemli's first name, Roger, is given in this episode. His last name wouldn't be revealed until the following season, in "The Lights of Zetar".
- William Blackburn appears in three different uniform colors in this episode: his usual gold (as Hadley), a blue uniform in a corridor scene, and in a red technician's jumpsuit in main engineering.
- After Nomad explodes, William Shatner quickly raises his hand to the camera as the scene fades away. An outtake of this scene is incorporated into the blooper reel of the show's second season: At one point, Shatner turns to the camera and declares, "Listen, about that bacon–no, really!" and then appears to swallow something, presumably medication for an upset stomach. His comment follows an earlier outtake that shows him sitting in the captain's chair on the bridge and confiding, "No, listen, that bacon is really bad . . . it just stays with you all day."
- Also in the blooper reel: When Shatner tells Nomad that the Enterprise is prepared to beam it aboard, James Doohan says, "But Captain – you forgot all about the environment and all that stuff. Do you want to really do that?" A grinning Doohan steps out of camera frame, leaving a slightly perplexed Shatner behind, bemusedly shaking his head. Doohan did not deliberately ruin the take, however. It was already ruined since Shatner actually did forget to say the dialog concerning the environment.
- Footage of Nomad exiting the turbolift is recycled to show him leaving sickbay.
- When the two security guards shoot Nomad for not obeying them, the visual effects artists apparently used the door frame behind the guards as a guideline for the boundary of Nomad's shields. This has the unfortunate effect of making it seem as if the guards' phaser beams are striking the door frame.
- Spock mentions that Nomad's first attack on the Enterprise was the equivalent of 90 photon torpedoes. Surprisingly, this attack only reduced the shields by 20%.
- Surprisingly, too, Uhura is re-educated within a matter of days, presumably with all her memories intact as well.
- This episode marks one of four times Kirk is able to "talk a computer to death". This technique is also used in "The Return of the Archons", "I, Mudd", and "The Ultimate Computer", and was similarly done to a robot in "What Are Little Girls Made Of?"
- Even though this episode is stated to take place on stardate 3541.9, the episode list from the official website says it takes place on stardate 3451.9.
- In conventions, Nichelle Nichols frequently tells a story of getting into a dispute with director Marc Daniels over the filming of this episode. As it had already been established that Uhura's first language was Swahili, Nichols believed that, after her mind was erased, Uhura would revert to her first language. However, as Nichols herself did not speak Swahili, Daniels wanted Uhura to just speak English. Nichols refused to, telling Daniels, "Nichelle Nichols doesn't speak Swahili, but Uhura does!" Gene Roddenberry was eventually brought in to settle the dispute, and he sided with Nichols. A linguist specializing in Swahili was then brought in to write the few lines of Swahili that are spoken in the episode.
Production timelineEdit
- Story outline by John Meredyth Lucas, 15 March 1967
- Revised story outline by John Meredyth Lucas, 15 March 1967
- First draft script, 1 May 1967
- Filmed 6 July 1967 – 13 July 1967
- Original airdate, 29 September 1967
- Rerun airdate, 17 May 1968
- First UK airdate 25 May 1970
Video and DVD releasesEdit
- UK VHS release (CIC-Arena Video): catalogue number VHL 2057, April 1983.
- This release included "Space Seed" and was originally unrated, as it was released prior to the Video Recordings Act 1984. After 1985, it received a rating of PG.
- Original US Betamax release: 1986.
- UK VHS release (two-episode tapes, CIC Video): Volume 20, catalogue number VHR 2353, release date unknown.
- US VHS release: 15 April 1994.
- UK re-release (three-episode tapes, CIC Video): Volume 2.3, 10 March 1997.
- Original US DVD release (single-disc): Volume 19, 13 February 2001.
- As part of the TOS Season 2 DVD collection.
Links and referencesEdit
- William Shatner as Capt. Kirk
Also StarringEdit
- Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock
- DeForest Kelley as Dr. McCoy
- James Doohan as Scott
- Nichelle Nichols as Uhura
- George Takei as Sulu
- Majel Barrett as Christine Chapel
- Blaisdell Makee as Singh
- Barbara Gates as a crewwoman
- Meade Martin as a crewman
- Arnold Lessing as a security guard
- And:
- Vic Perrin as Nomad's voice
Uncredited co-starsEdit
- William Blackburn as Hadley
- Frank da Vinci as:
- Roger Holloway as Roger Lemli
- Jeannie Malone as a yeoman
- Eddie Paskey as Leslie
- Joe Paz as a security lieutenant
Stunt doubleEdit
- Jay Jones as stunt double for James Doohan
- William Blackburn as stand-in for DeForest Kelley
- Frank da Vinci as stand-in for Leonard Nimoy
- Roger Holloway as stand-in for James Doohan
- Eddie Paskey as stand-in for William Shatner
analysis sector; anatomy; Antares; antigrav; antimatter input valve; auxiliary control room; ball; Beyond Antares; binary; biological unit; "Bones"; brain; brig; central nervous system; changeling (folklore); college; condition red; Creator; damper; dog; Earth; energy release control; English language; Federation; first grade reader; force field; hyperencephalogram; interfactor; interplanetary code; kilogram; kilometer; life support system; logic; Luna; Malurians; Malurian system; manual override; Manway, Dr.; mathematics; matter-antimatter propulsion system; meter; meteor; Milky Way Galaxy; natural satellite; neurology; Nomad; parasitical beings; personnel file; physical; physiology; polymass; population; prototype; red alert; Roykirk, Jackson; ship's translator; Sol; Starfleet Academy; Starfleet code; Starfleet Command; structural integrity; Swahili language; Symbalene blood burn; Tan Ru; tape; translator computer; Vulcan mind probe
Library Computer ReferencesEdit
acquisition sensor; coupler prediction scanner; data assimilation digital encoder; International Designator; Jupiter; Magnetohydodynamic vernier-pulse; Mars; Mercury; Neptune; Pluto; regenerative mode emulsifier; Saturn; selective amplifier screen; Sol system; sperographic analysis computer; tracking screen; transmission; Uranus; Venus
External linkEdit
- The Changeling at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works
| Previous episode produced:
"Wolf in the Fold"
| Star Trek: The Original Series
Season 2
| Next episode produced:
"The Apple"
| Previous episode aired:
"Who Mourns for Adonais?"
| Next episode aired:
"Mirror, Mirror"
| Previous remastered episode aired:
"The Enemy Within"
|TOS Remastered
| Next remastered episode aired:
"The Ultimate Computer"
de:Ich heiße Nomad es:The Changeling fr:The Changeling it:La sfida (episodio) ja:TOS:超小型宇宙船ノーマッドの謎 nl:The Changeling pl:The Changeling


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"Rush," Ron Howard's drama about the 1976 Formula One racing season and the bitter rivalry between racers James Hunt and Niki Lauda, is opening in theaters this weekend to much acclaim (visit ColumbusAlive.com for our review on Friday).
But it was watching the F1 documentary "Senna" on Netflix that got me primed for this movie. Here are some other great sports movies to instantly scratch your itch, whichever sport you dig.
"The Bad News Bears"
One of my favorite baseball movies ever, you can enjoy Walter Matthau's cigar-chomping beer-swilling coach try to turn a team of misfits — including a young Jackie Earle Haley — into a team of champions.
This recent documentary about the handful of purveyors of baseball's oddball pitch is slick and terribly intriguing, especially the honest look at how a journeyman can use the pitch to revive a career.
"Slap Shot"
Yep, the greatest hockey movie of all time is streaming on Netflix right now. Watch Paul Newman and the exploits of the Hanson Brothers … just don't watch the awful direct-to-DVD sequel, which is also available.
This 2011 sports comedy is the heir apparent to "Slap Shot." Don't let the appearance of Seann William Scott of the "American Pie" movies stop you; he actually gives a funny and moving performance.
"30 for 30: The Two Escobars"
There's a wealth of ESPN's "30 for 30" docs available, but few are better than this look at Columbian cocaine kingpin Pablo Escobar and Columbian soccer player Andres Escobar and their violent demises.
"Shaolin Soccer"
It's not really a movie for footy fans so much as one for fans of amazing, live-action-cartoon action filmmaking, courtesy of the wild imagination of director Stephen Chow.
The greatest basketball movie ever? Also on Netflix. Gene Hackman and Dennis Hopper give fantastic performances, and the David-vs-Goliath run for the Indiana state basketball title still gives goosebumps.
"Hoop Dreams"
If you want a less-inspiring look at high school basketball, check out this sobering doc following two talented Chicago youngsters who follow their basketball dreams — because they're really the only dreams they can have.
"Go Tigers!"
A great behind-the-scenes look at a small town's obsession with high school football, "Go Tigers!" documents Massilon, Ohio's culture and bitter rivalry with nearby Canton McKinley.
"Brian's Song"
This made-for-TV movie about football and terminal illness is one of those "it's OK for guys to cry if it's about sports" movies (really, dudes, it's OK whenever).
Auto racing
A fast-paced documentary about the fast-paced life of Formula One great Ayrton Senna, who became a legend in his native Brazil, "Senna" is the rare doc that turns archival footage into a feeling you were there.
"Days of Thunder"
Remember when NASCAR wasn't a massive cash cow? Remember when Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman had onscreen chemistry? Relive both in late director Tony Scott's slick flick that's remembered more for the racing than the melodrama.
"Bones Brigade: An Autobiography"
Ex-skateboarder Stacy Peralta documented his generation of skateboarders in the excellent "Dogtown and Z-Boys." He turned his camera on the generation that followed — including young prodigy Tony Hawk — with similarly stellar results.
"Rising Son: The Legend of Skateboarder Christian Hosoi"
This doc celebrated the rise of Hosoi — the more flamboyant side of skating and antithesis of Tony Hawk — and his eventual fall into meth addiction.


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Remember these one-hit wonders?
Published On: Nov 19 2013 08:25:56 PM PST Updated On: Jul 10 2016 11:00:00 PM PDT
Success in the music industry can be fleeting. Just ask these one-hit wonders who scored a Top 40 hit in America but found it impossible to repeat the feat.
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Hikers asked to stay off muddy trailsApril 19,2013
Hikers asked to
stay off trails
WATERBURY CENTER The Green Mountain Club has announced the start of mud season and has urged hikers to stay off muddy trails and trails at higher elevations that still have extensive snow or ice cover.
In a statement, the club said when hikers tramp on saturated soils, they cause irreversible erosion and damage to the trail and surrounding vegetation.
Every step not taken on a wet hiking trail today helps assure a stable treadway tomorrow and reduce future costly tread repairs, said Will Wiquist, executive director of the club in the statement. Please help prevent soil erosion by staying off the trails during mud season.
Hiking trails on land managed by the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and the Green Mountain Club are closed until Memorial Day. Hikers are also strongly discouraged by the club from using hiking trails in the Green Mountain National Forest.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Rep. Peter Welch, D-Vt. Full StoryVermont Attorney General Bill Sorrell plans to join the U.S. Full StoryAs Rutland prepares to welcome Syrian refugees to its community, some are continuing to voice... Full Story
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