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Pepper Wreck
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During the 15th and 16th centuries, as the houses of the growing middle classes became more comfortable and domestic life more pleasant, pewter became a suitable material for daily use. First used mainly for kitchen utensils, it soon became a widely used material, replacing wood and coarse pottery in the fabrication of dishes, trays, measures, flagons, jugs, tankards, and mugs, but also of spoons, candlesticks, boxes, and other household utensils.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, as the houses of the growing middle classes became more comfortable and domestic life more pleasant, pewter became a suitable material for daily use. First used mainly for kitchen utensils, it soon became a widely used material, replacing wood and coarse pottery in the fabrication of dishes, trays, measures, flagons, jugs, tankards, and mugs, but also of spoons, candlesticks, boxes, and other household utensils.
In the 16th and 17th centuries it became decorated with cast motifs, particularly on the lids and handles of tankards; in Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavia incised decoration and undulating lines made with a wheel became fairly popular.
In the 16th and 17th centuries it became decorated with cast motifs, particularly on the lids and handles of tankards; in Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavia incised decoration and undulating lines made with a wheel became fairly popular.
Revision as of 17:29, 15 November 2010
This page about a ship, boat, or other vessel is lacking information. Please help the NAPWiki by expanding it.
The Pepper wreck was found on the Tagus River mouth, Lisbon, Portugal, in 1993, during an archaeological survey promoted by the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, directed by Francisco Alves.
From 1996 to 1998 it was excavated by the Instituto Português de Arqueologia / Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática as part of the program of the Portuguese pavilion at the 1998 world exhibition EXPO'98.
In 1999 and 2000 the remains of its hull were excavated by the Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática, with the support of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology / Texas A&M University.
Its excavation yielded a large collection of artifacts dated from the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and lead to the tentative identification of this shipwreck as the nau Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, wrecked on September 15 1606 on its way back from Cochin, in India.
The study of its hull remains - which include a portion of the keel, eleven frames, and some of the planking - yielded interesting results and a first glance at these largely unknown ships: the Portuguese naus da India.
Very few Portuguese Indiamen have been found around the world. To be true, not that many have been lost to start with. From an estimated total of about 220 India naus lost in the India Route over a period of 150 years, the majority may have been beached and their cargoes recovered afterwards. Many may have been burned to salvage the expensive iron fastenings.
Only a few have been found, and all, with the exception of the Pepper Wreck, either looted or salvaged by treasure hunters. This makes the small portion of the Pepper Wreck hull a precious archaeological site.
Excavated between 1996 and 2000, this small portion of the ship's bottom was recorded as best as possible. A few timbers were raised and are deposited in tanks in the former Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática, in Lisbon. The remaining timbers were wrapped in textile and buried under several layers of sand bags.
These ships are as interesting as they are unknown to us. For this reason, the research on the Pepper Wreck has continued uninterrupted since 1996 and has originated a number of other projects, designed to address the questions that stemmed from a first 2001 reconstruction of the hull.
Several virtual models have been constructed to test many different sorts of questions, related to the plausibility of my reconstruction: Did it float? Did it stay upright? Did it sail? What speeds could it reach under different weather conditions? What angles could it withstand sailing upwind? How was the sail plan? How was the standing and running rigging of such a vessel? How strong were these hulls, considering the scarcity of timber and the small size of the components of the Pepper Wreck hull? How were these ships conceived? How were they built? What sort of control was possible over the final product in relation with the original idea? Did they carry 450 people? How? Where and how did they live? Where, when and how did they cook? Did they bring back from India 250 tons of peppercorns on average? Where and how? How were the cargo and victuals stored?
The list of questions is long. Moreover, many answers raise new questions, making this research a lot of fun in a kind of a fractal way.
This webpage is intended as an introduction to this topic. I believe that without a wide public interest we will never learn anything about the Portuguese Indiamen of the 16th and early 17th centuries.
Short Story of the Site
On September 14th 1606, after a nine months voyage from Cochin, India, and a three month stop in the Azores, the Portuguese East Indiaman Nossa Senhora dos Mártires arrived in sight of Lisbon. A heavy storm forced captain Manuel Barreto Rolim to drop anchor off Cascais, a small village a few miles from Lisbon. Here the nau Salvação, another returning Indiaman from the 1605 fleet, was already struggling with the southerly gale.
Dangerously dragging her anchors in the direction of the beach, the Salvação was too heavy to be towed against the wind by the galley that was sent to help. The next day, after seeing the nau Salvação run aground on the Cascais beach, Rolim decided to head for the mouth of the Tagus River hoping to escape the tempest in the calmer waters of the estuary. However, getting past the sandbars was not easy. Two large sandbanks narrowed the entrances, making the waters run dangerously fast in both the northern and the southern channel. Rolim headed for the northern canal, which by the early seventeenth century was already considered too narrow and shallow to lay anchor in, and too crooked for any galley to tow a large vessel out of. In the middle of the passage, the nau Mártires lost her headway and was dragged to a submerged rock. She sunk in front of the São Julião da Barra fortress in a matter of hours; soon afterwards she was broken up into such small pieces that witnesses commented it looked as if she had sunk long ago. Her main cargo of pepper that had been stored loose in small holds, spilled out upon wrecking, forming a black tide that extended for leagues along the coast and in the Tagus estuary. A large amount of pepper was saved and put to dry by the king's officers. The population also salvaged a notable quantity, as it was impossible for the soldiers to stop the locals who, despite the dreadful weather conditions, every night went to the sea in small craft to salvage what they could.
During the subsequent summers, the officers of king Felipe III of Spain - who was also king Felipe II of Portugal - may have salvaged a great part of the cargo from the shallow waters, and they certainly rescued cables, anchors and guns.
Just as many other wrecks that occurred at this dangerous channel, the Nossa Senhora dos Mártires was soon forgotten. The tsunami that followed the earthquake of 1755 probably rolled heavy rocks over its remains, and in 1966 a codfish trawler wrecked nearby the site covering a large area with other debris.
Stories of treasure troves around the fortress of São Julião da Barra were certainly transmitted through generations, and the spread of scuba diving from the early 1950s on heightened interest in the area. In the late 1970s several archaeological surveys were carried out by avocational archaeologists, but no governmental action was taken to protect the site. As a result the site was heavily looted by sports divers during the 1980s.
In 1993 the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia sponsored a survey of the site under the direction of Dr. Francisco Alves and identified two main areas of archaeological interest.
The second one - designated as SJB2 - consisted of the remains of a wooden hull with shards of Ming porcelain and Chinese earthenware dating from the late sixteenth or early seventeenth centuries.
Based on the information from the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia's shipwreck archives, Nossa Senhora dos Mártires was identified as the most likely name for this wreck.
Among them were Aires de Saldanha, 17th viceroy in India (1600-1605), who died just before reaching the Azores on his return trip to his kingdom, Manuel Barreto Rolim who was trying to make a fortune in the India trade after being disinherited by his father in the sequence of an unwanted marriage, the cabin boy Cristóvão de Abreu, who survived this shipwreck and the wrecks of the naus Nossa Senhora da Oliveira in 1610, Nossa Senhora de Belém in 1635 and S. Bento in 1642, dying at sea in 1645, returning from India as boatswain of the nau S. Lourenço.
No less interesting is the story of Father Francisco Rodrigues, a Jesuit priest who lost his life in this wreck coming from Japan to see the Pope on matters concerning the future of the whole Japanese Jesuit mission.
These and other stories have been published in the catalogue of the Portuguese pavilion at EXPO'98 under the title Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, The last voyage, Ed. by Simonetta Luz Afonso, Lisbon, Verbo, 1998.
Finally, in the summers of 1999 and 2000, the Instituto Português de Arqueologia through its Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática and the INA have sponsored two excavation seasons on this site, aiming at what is perhaps the most exciting part of this wreck: its hull remains.
A section of the bottom immediately before the midship frames was preserved, including a section of the keel, eleven frames, and some of the planking. Construction marks carved on the surfaces of the floor timbers allowed us to not only understand the method used by the shipwright to conceive the hull shape, but to reconstruct some of the hull dimensions with a good degree of certainty.
It was a large nau with a keel close to 27.72m in length (91 ft or 18 rumos, the unit then used in Portugal), and an overall length of about 38.25m (125 ft).
The hull structure had been built with cork oak (Quercus suber), and the small size of the trees that were used forced the shipwrights to assemble large structural pieces from several small timbers.
The outer planking was cut from umbrella pine (Pinus pinea), with strakes almost 4 ½ inches thick (11cm), and caulked with a string of lead, which was inserted between the planks during construction. Two thick layers of oakum were pressed into the seam, against the lead string, and were then protected from the outside with a strip of lead. The protective strip was nailed to the outer surface of the planks using short tacks with wide circular heads.
Hull Remains
The data suggest that this ship had a keel 27.72m (18 rumos) long, a flat amidships of 4.11m (16 palmos de goa), a beam around 12m, a depth in hold around 9 m, and 39 pre-designed and pre-assembled frames.
A proposed reconstruction is presented in the book The Pepper Wreck, and the development of this project can be seen in other sections of this website.
Four of the 27 areas identified in São Julião da Barra as having relevant archaeological interest have yielded cultural materials dating from the late 16th and early 17th centuries, presumably resulting from the shipwreck of the Portuguese Indiaman Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, which was lost against the fortress on September 15 1606.
The earliest pewter pieces in the archaeological record date from the Roman period - from the 3rd century onwards - and amount to only a few hundred in number. It is not known how pewter was utilized through the early Middle Ages, except for some chalices and patens found at Metz, France, in priests' tombs dating from the 11th and 12th centuries.
It is thought that pewter may have been used in poor churches as a substitute of silver for the liturgical tools. Anyway, its production developed during this period and by the 13th century the production of pewter utensils was a well organized craft in France. In the 14th century its production was regulated in England, suggesting that also there it was a developing craft.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, as the houses of the growing middle classes became more comfortable and domestic life more pleasant, pewter became a suitable material for daily use. First used mainly for kitchen utensils, it soon became a widely used material, replacing wood and coarse pottery in the fabrication of dishes, trays, measures, flagons, jugs, tankards, and mugs, but also of spoons, candlesticks, boxes, and other household utensils.
In the 16th and 17th centuries it became decorated with cast motifs, particularly on the lids and handles of tankards; in Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavia incised decoration and undulating lines made with a wheel became fairly popular.
Although many metalic alloys do not survive well in marine environments, pewter performs quite well. Even after several centuries on the sea, both pewterer marks and possession marks are frequently preserved on the surface of pewter ware. This is the case of the large pewter collection of 269 artifacts recovered from the sunken ruins of Port Royal by treasure hunter Robert Marx in the 1960s and by a team from Texas A&M University and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology during the 1980s. Besides 155 pieces of flatware this collection includes hollowware, spoons, kitchen utensils, and other artifacts.
Corrosion on marine environments depends greatly on the alkalinity or acidity of the medium surrounding the artifact. The quality of the alloy - in terms of the percentages of the several metals mixed to obtain a certain type of pewter - and the quality of the mixture can influence the corrosion process. Surfaces can present small eruptions or uneven holes, as a result of different rates of corrosion of the metals that form the alloy.
Pewter is not frequently found in terrestrial sites.
On one hand it does not preserve well in contact with most soils in the presence of moisture, and on the other hand pewter objects were generally not discarded because they had a long durability and a fairly high value when sold for recasting.
Nevertheless, pewter ware is by no means rare. Many museums and private collections have large assemblages of pewter ware, unfortunately many times collected piece by piece, frequently without a cultural provenience, almost always acquired from auctions, particulars, and antique shops.
A long list of artifacts can be made with pewter. Museum and private collections frequently include trays, plates, cups, tankards, porringers, bowls, bottles, bottle caps boxes, all sorts of kitchen utensils - such as ladles, funnels, and colanders - but also common house objects like chamber pots, urinals, candlesticks, and oil lamps, picture frames, decorative figures, watch cases, sundials, inkstands and sand casters. Other artifact types include tokens, buttons, buckles, badges, rings, chains, as well as toys, medical instruments, or ecclesiastical wares and religious implements.
Pewter is an alloy of tin and lead used at least since the Greek times. When it is new it presents a beautiful silver color, turning darker as it ages and becoming gray with a lustrous shine.
Most items existing today were cast in heavy bronze moulds, sometimes in several pieces that were later soldered together. The composition of the alloys varied according to the items to be manufactured, going from less than 1% to up to 40% of lead. Other metals were added to the alloy, such as copper, zinc, or antimony, these last two utilized only towards the end of the 17th century. When more lead is used in the alloy the mixture is more malleable, and it is easier cast difficult shapes. On the other hand, the smaller the amount of lead used, the stronger and sturdier the resulting alloy is.
Alloys with high contents of lead - up to 40% - were known as "black metal" and generally used in non food-related items, a good practice in view of its very poisonous nature. Alloys with 23 to 30% of lead (and 1 to 2% of copper) were known as "lay metal" and used to cast most hollowware, such as measures, beakers, and candlesticks. Much sturdier was the "trifle metal", a mixture with more or less 10% of lead, used to cast tankards, pots, buttons, buckles, candle moulds, and toys. Finally, "fine pewter" was used to make "solid-ware" or "sadware", the flat and easy to cast flatware to which more strength was demanded. It was a mixture with less than 1% of lead and 1 to 3 % of copper, sometimes hammered after being casted - and before being finished at the lathe - to increase its density.
Tin: Tin was already found in ancient Egyptian tombs, by then considered just a different form of lead. Known to the Greeks, who called the British Isles Cassiterides, tin was widely exported from Cornwall to the rest of Europe during the Roman period.
Tin is a metallic element (symbol Sn), highly ductile and malleable at a temperature of 100° C (212° F). It melts at about 232° C (about 450° F), boils at about 2260° C (about 4100° F), and has a specific gravity of 7.28. Tin's atomic number is 50 and its atomic weight is 118.69. The principal ore of tin is the mineral cassiterite (SnO2) found in Cornwall, England and Germany, but also in the Malay Peninsula, Bolivia, Brazil, Australia, and Alaska. Tin ranks 49th in abundance of the elements in the earth's crust.
Lead: Lead is an exceptionally soft metal and thus very easy to work. It was one of the first known metals, used by the Egyptians, already mentioned in the Old Testament, and utilized by the Romans in many trades, from the making of water pipes, soldered with an alloy of lead and tin, to the casting of statuettes and sounding leads for nautical use.
Lead is a metallic element (symbol Pb), very dense, soft, malleable, and ductile. When gently heated it can be forced through annular holes, making it very easy to cast objects. Lead melts at 328° C (662° F), boils at 1740° C (3164° F), and has a specific gravity of 11.34. Its atomic number is 82 and its atomic weight is 207.20. Lead occurs naturally in eight isotopic forms, of which four are stable and four radioactive. The ore of lead is widely distributed all over the world in the form of a sulfide called galena. It ranks 36th in natural abundance among elements in the earth's crust. As a raw material lead presents a major drawback: it is highly poisonous.
The project director wishes to thank the Instituto Português de Arqueologia and its Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática, the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University, the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, the Portuguese Navy, the Clube Naval de Paço d'Arcos, and the company Marcascais for the support granted to this project in the period 1996 - 2000.


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The special agent accused of the fatal shooting of a Kailua man in a Waikiki fast food restaurant last November is claiming immunity from prosecution.
Christopher Deedy claims he was working as a federal law enforcement officer for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference when he shot and killed Kollin Elderts.
Deedy's attorney filed legal papers seeking to dismiss the case or, at least, delay the trial because of the enormous publicity about the shooting and the difficulty of getting federal officials to testify.
A request was also filed to dismiss the indictment against Deedy because of a defective grand jury proceeding.
A Circuit Court judge is scheduled to hear the arguments on the motion in July.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home List of Titles Changing a marketing quantitative unit's perception of quality: a non-quantitative reflection on an Australian change intervention (part 1)
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/81063
- Title
- Changing a marketing quantitative unit's perception of quality: a non-quantitative reflection on an Australian change intervention (part 1)
- Author(s)
- Mitsis, Ann; Foley, Patrick; Skarmeas, Dionysis
- Abstract
- Research within the increasingly competitive global higher education sector has identified a significant shift towards improving students' perceptions of quality, as these perceptions are a basis for student promoter or detractor behaviours. For Australia's universities, managing these perceptions is critical since servicing the international student market is worth more than Australia's beef, wheat and wool industries (Linacre, 2007). This paper critically reflects on a change intervention being run in an Australian university, for an undergraduate quantitative marketing metrics unit which has experienced low quality unit student evaluations, and presents a rationale for preparing and designing a change intervention.
- Publication type
- Conference paper
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology
- Source
- Paper presented at 'Putting marketing in its place', the Academy of Marketing Annual Conference, Leeds, United Kingdom, 07-09 July 2009
- Publication year
- 2009
- Keyword(s)
- Australia; Colleges; Course improvement; Higher education; International students; Marketing curriculum; Marketing studies; Quality of education; Undergraduate studies; Universities
- Publisher
- Academy of Marketing
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © Academy of Marketing (2009).
- Peer reviewed


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Jul 12, 2012
Kara Coleman
As many as one-half of America's college campuses are preparing to become smoke-free. Though some schools currently ban indoor smoking or smoking within a certain number of feet from a dorm or academic building, new regulations would discourage students from lighting up even in open air on campus.
As would be expected, students are divided on the issue. Some feel that since college students are adults and smoking tobacco is legal, schools are overreaching their boundaries. Smoking is a stress reliever to many students, is less addictive than chewing tobacco and less dangerous than smoking spice or illegal drugs. Advocates of the no-smoking-on-campus rule cite secondhand smoke exposure as a big reason to bring about this change; they also say it is the responsibility of colleges and universities to encourage healthy habits.
As a non-smoker myself, I am very much in favor of not allowing students to light up on campus. I am not bothered so much by secondhand smoke at the university I attend now as I was at my community college, however: All the buildings were so close together on that campus that there really weren't very many places to go outside and not inhale smoke. Some people (students AND faculty) would even light up as they walked down the sidewalk, leaving a trail of cigarette smoke wherever they went.
Some campuses are set to become smoke-free as soon as this fall, while other schools don't plan to enact the rule until the 2013-2014 academic year. Is your school thinking about becoming smoke-free? If so, how do you feel about it? Do you think not permitting students to light up on campus will discourage them from doing it elsewhere...or are schools just blowing smoke?
This past summer, Kara Coleman graduated from Gadsden State Community College with an Associate of Arts degree and she is currently studying communications with concentration in print journalism at Jacksonville State University. Kara's writing has also been featured in Teen Ink magazine and she is a children's author through Big Dif Books.
And remember, there's no need to rely on expensive student loan options to pay for your college education. For more information on finding free scholarship money for college, conduct a Scholarships.com free college scholarship search today, then apply and win! It's that easy!
Share your thoughts and perhaps thousands of students will benefit from your unique insight on the subject!
mary p on 7/26/2012 7:29:15 PM commented:
As a smoker I believe this is very discriminatory. Might as well ban obese people or those who drink alcohol from attending college, they kill too, which people seem to look past. I understand some are allergic or sensitive to smoke and I always stay by my vehicle or inside it when smoking. I also don't see how someone can ban someone else from smoking in open air, there is no claim or ownership of air like there is around classrooms and buildings.
Alishah R on 7/23/2012 11:14:05 AM commented:
I really love this article. I remember writing a paper about cigarette smoking and how it's one of the leading causes of death. I agree, smoking should not be allowed on campus.
Cari G on 7/21/2012 9:55:11 PM commented:
It's about time for this. I was more than disappointed when I saw that San Jose State waisted money on putting expensive ashtrays all over campus last fall. It makes me think that part of our tuition increase is paying for that. That really upsets me since I don't smoke and I am extremely sensitive to cigarette smoke. No one needs to smoke and there is nothing intelligent about smoking. Isn't college a place that is suppose to be about intelligence?
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A recent poll of ASA members showed some interesting results.
1. 73% of Christian professionals in the sciences affirmed the following: "Plants and animals developed through evolutionary processes" (with natural and/or non-natural causes from ancestral forms)
2. 60% affirmed "Plants and animals developed through evolutionary processes with natural causes from ancestral forms."
3. 61% affirmed "Biologically, Homo Sapiens evolved . . . → Read More: Hamilton's Rule


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Home List of Titles Palliative respite services using nursing staff reduces hospitalization of patients and improves acceptance among carers
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/191667
- Title
- Palliative respite services using nursing staff reduces hospitalization of patients and improves acceptance among carers
- Author(s)
- Barrett, M.; Wheatland, B.; Haselby, P.; Larson, A.; Kristjanson, L.; Whyatt, D.
- Abstract
- People caring for palliative patients at home identify respite care as a key need. However, caregiver concern over the skill level of respite care providers has been cited as a common barrier to uptake and satisfaction with respite services. This study implemented and evaluated an at-home palliative care respite service delivered by enrolled nurses, known by various names in the UK. It was found that the program reduced hospitalizations of palliative patients by 80% and potentially increased the likelihood that they would die at home.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Source
- International Journal of Palliative Nursing, Vol. 15, no. 8 (Aug 2009), pp. 389-395
- Publication year
- 2009
- FOR Code(s)
- 1110 Nursing
- Keyword(s)
- Australia; Caregivers; Cost-benefit analysis; Health care quality; Home care services; Hospitalisation; Logistic models; Palliative care; Palliative therapy; Respite care
- Publisher
- Mark Allen Publishing
- 1357-6321
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2009.
- Peer reviewed


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Together Is Better
By Health Day
You know the drill, each time you go to the doctor for a check up...he talks to you about controlling your blood pressure and watching your cholesterol levels... both proven ways to fight heart disease.
But how big is the benefit when you keep those numbers in check? Huge, according to a new study.
Researchers looked at blood pressure and cholesterol data from more than 17-thousand men and women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
They also factored in race, age, smoking history and whether there was a diagnosis of diabetes, heart or kidney disease.
The results? Controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol together may cut your heart disease risk by half...or more. yet, fewer than one in three patients have both conditions under control something the researchers call a major public health threat.
The take home? See your doctor regularly to check these important numbers, and be open to treatments, including medication, to better manage your risk.
I'm Dr. Cindy Haines of HealthDay TV with the news that can keep you and your loved ones safe, healthy, and happy.
Most Popular
Thursday, December 8, 2016, Watertown, NY


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INGREDIENTS:3 cups boiling water 6 tea bags 1 tsp. chopped fresh mint, or ¼ tsp. dried mint flakes ¾ cup sugar 3 cups cold water juice of 3 lemons (½ cup) ice cubes lemon cartwheel slicesDIRECTIONS:Pour boiling water over tea bags and mint. Cover and steep for 5 minutes; strain. In large itcher, combine tea and sugar; stir to dissolve the sugar. Add cold water and lemon juice; cool. Serve over ice in tall glasses. Garnish with lemon cartwheel slices. SERVINGS:seven 8-oz. servingsCrab leg ...
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The wispy, luminescent tentacles — hundreds of them — dangled from the ice nearly 900 feet below the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
Scientists with the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program's ANDRILL Coulman High project were there to study ocean currents, not sea life. But there it was, captured by a camera on a remote-control submersible three years ago.
Thousands of miles away, Meg Daly, an Ohio State University professor of evolution, ecology and organismal biology, got a call from Frank Rack,
ANDRILL project director and expedition leader.
He wanted to know what in the world his team had found.
"They sent me these pictures and said, 'Do you know what it is?' " Daly said. "I said, 'No, I didn't know this was possible.' "
They were sea anemones. In the ice. Alive.
Daly is one of a few scientists in the world who specialize in sea anemone biodiversity. In two decades, she has discovered 20 or so species.
But never one that made its home deep below an ice field.
Edwardsiella andrillae became the only known marine animal capable of living this way, Daly said.
Rack, a geoscientist at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, had returned to his McMurdo Station base camp when a colleague called and told him that when the submersible was sent into the water, the ice "looked kind of funny."
When the team turned the submersible upside-down to examine the underside of the ice, "That's when they saw all the tentacles," he said.
"They were shocked ... completely surprised, and (they) immediately recognized this was a new discovery," Rack said. "It was just like you scored a touchdown. People were jumping up and down."
The team shipped Daly about 20 samples culled from the ice shelf. She dissected the anemones and studied them under a microscope, developing theories about their biology and life history.
"The means by which these animals burrow into the ice shelf is unclear, as are the physiological mechanisms that enable them to live in ice," Daly wrote in the December issue of the journal PLOS ONE.
Sea anemones have been found living on the bones of dead whales, the rugged matrix of a coral skeleton and near hydrothermal vents on the sea floor.
"The most exciting discoveries are in interesting places," she said.
But ice? At the bottom of the world?
"If I took anemones and put them in my freezer, they would die," Daly said. "I assume they have some sort of chemical antifreeze that prevents them from freezing."
The anemones, simple invertebrates, remain an enigma, one that Daly and her colleagues will continue to mine for answers, including whether plankton, the anemone's primary diet, is available in the ice shelf.
Other organisms cope with physiological challenges by using their liver, kidneys, blood and brain, Daly said.
With anemones, "You've got none of that ... they must be (surviving) at a cellular level and in ways that predate, evolutionarily, these more-complex systems.
"I just find that really exciting."
Others do, too.
"We often think everything is known about Earth," said Timothy Howard, director of science at the New York Natural Heritage Program in Albany.
He said the new anemone "emphasizes the importance of how much more there is to learn."
Researchers are planning a return expedition to the ice shelf as early as next year, Rack said.
NASA is helping to finance a new robotic submersible because Antarctic discoveries might help scientists search for life one day on Europa, Jupiter's ice-covered moon.
Daly said she'd love to visit Antarctica. And the ANDRILL team would welcome her.
"We'd like to get her involved in the on-ice stuff," Rack said. "The ideal situation would be to get live organisms and track the food supply.
"You want to have somebody looking at the microbiology and looking at the anemones up close."


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Femme Fatale
37 comments:
- Sydney, The Rabbit-Hearted Girl said...
I really wish I enjoyed The Like's music more than I do, because I love their 1960's style! This shoot is gorgeous.
- December 3, 2010 at 3:07 PM
- sarah. said...
love their style
- December 3, 2010 at 3:22 PM
I feel the same about The Like's music! So wish I could like it more.
I also think your hair would look gorgeous at this length!!
- December 3, 2010 at 3:25 PM
- reckless daughter said...
I feel the same way. I almost posted these last night! they are so lovely.
PS: the Like were on my flight to London in September. All 4 of them :)
- December 3, 2010 at 3:33 PM
- Rakel said...
You'd look great in that length, I think. But still, hair is so personal. :)
- December 3, 2010 at 3:40 PM
- She is Sara said...
Aww! I wish you liked them! I saw them live so I think that is what did it for me...they are all very nice, I met them after the show.
- December 3, 2010 at 4:03 PM
- Isabella said...
Beautiful photos! So inspiring. :)
- December 3, 2010 at 4:18 PM
- Ms_SyllyBee said...
wow. i love her hats! i want the leopard one stat. :)
i wander, i wonder
- December 3, 2010 at 4:21 PM
- A Little Brighter said...
She really does have the loveliest style. I will always adore the sixties and these pictures only add to my obsession!
Ayesha x
- December 3, 2010 at 4:32 PM
- christie said...
I've never heard of the band, but she does have amazing style!
- December 3, 2010 at 4:38 PM
- em.me.ma said...
LOVE the vintage shots. so chic.
- December 3, 2010 at 5:27 PM
- Megan Meenan said...
Yea im the exact same, i love their style but havent heard a single song, hope their music is as good as their style
- December 3, 2010 at 5:40 PM
- Lily Flower said...
I've never heard of them before- but I really like these pictures. I'm gonna go look them up now...
- December 3, 2010 at 6:38 PM
- arnique said...
Right out of an Anna Karina movie, I'd say. I also really like their re-invented style and their song Not a Boy, but the rest of their tracks are meh. A pity. I wish they were as good as the Pipettes in their earlier albums.
Their drummer Tennessee Thomas (?) did a shoot for Bass shoes-Rachel Antonoff that was AWESOME.
Arianne from A + B in the Sea
- December 3, 2010 at 6:59 PM
- Emily, Ruby Slipper Traveller said...
Their songs are pretty bland, but their styling is dreamy. Especially love that leopard print hat...
- December 3, 2010 at 7:14 PM
- Historian said...
I loved their first album, way back in 2005. It was interesting, it wasn't like anything I'd heard before (but that was probably because I was 16). Now . . . I'm just not as excited. I love their style, though, and the pictures are beautiful!
- December 3, 2010 at 7:14 PM
- Rachel said...
Dang, I haven't even heard the Like but they're style is amazing! Thanks for sharing the photos!
- December 3, 2010 at 10:43 PM
- My name is Renée. said...
Oh they are amazing, I really want to change closets!
- December 4, 2010 at 12:20 AM
- Kimber! said...
Ha, I didn't realise so many people felt this way.
I saw The Like on a TV interview first & thought I'd love their music (classic packaging trick!), then when I heard a song of theirs I was so sad that it was... not good.
Still love the look though!
- December 4, 2010 at 2:29 AM
- the girl in the bowler hat said...
Wow wow wow! These are some of the nicest photographs I've seen lately. I love the 60s era!
- December 4, 2010 at 4:12 AM
- minnja said...
So stunning !!!
- December 4, 2010 at 5:18 AM
- Kelly Lynn said...
Their only good song is "He's Not a Boy" and it's really pretty catchy. The rest are very meh.
- December 4, 2010 at 6:13 AM
- maryse said...
Elle est très belle.
- December 4, 2010 at 6:17 AM
- Marisa Violeta said...
I feel exactky the same as you about their music ahah. It's a shame since their 60s style is so beautiful.
- December 4, 2010 at 6:21 AM
- Brittan-Morgan said...
Oh my goodness, what a beautiful series.
- December 4, 2010 at 9:44 AM
- Lucy in the Sky said...
ahaha her style is so you. :) I never really liked their music either. :\
- December 4, 2010 at 11:05 AM
- claire eloise said...
I love The Likes style. They're styled so perfectly 1960's whilst still making their style accessible. I'm actually in love with the leopard print pillbox hat! xx
- December 4, 2010 at 12:12 PM
- Maggie said...
What an awesome shoot- she's so pretty!
- December 4, 2010 at 2:47 PM
- The Bird said...
I feel kind of the same way about the Pipettes. I want so bad to love them, if only for the fact that they have a member named Riot Becky. At least Pull Shapes is an awesome song.
- December 4, 2010 at 4:11 PM
Heh, I wonder what The Like would think about this.
- December 4, 2010 at 5:54 PM
- Trixie & Fifi said...
Upon viewing these photos my eyes bulged out because extreme jealousy took over. I want those clothes! Are her mod clothes are gorgeous and suit her so well... I want style like that.
- December 4, 2010 at 6:17 PM
- Yajaira said...
- December 5, 2010 at 9:40 AM
- Kate said...
In the first two pictures & in the last picture she reminds me of Maria from Lulu Letty!
- December 5, 2010 at 6:22 PM
- Rebecca, The Clothes Horse said...
@Anonymous, haha! Well I doubt they'll see it & I doubt they'd mind it! I mean, I said I don't like their music, but that definitely doesn't mean it's bad.
- December 5, 2010 at 7:59 PM
- anna rose said...
you would look so so wonderful with that hair cut!! it would mature you, definitely.
- December 5, 2010 at 11:10 PM
- Rebecca, The Clothes Horse said...
@anna rose, Ha! I actually had this hair cut when I first started blogging & I look much younger with a bob; I should dig up some archive pics sometime. :)
- December 6, 2010 at 6:59 AM
- Cait said...
These are beautiful, she is so beautiful! I haven't thought about cutting my hair in a long time either but these sort of make me want to.
- December 8, 2010 at 1:45 AM


text:
Cheats and Walkthroughs
Cheats and Walkthroughs
First of all, thanks for waiting patiently. We know you like Feedback as early as we can get it to you, but this was one of those rare instances where our hands were tied by outside forces. Namely, the all-seeing, all-knowing, Hal-esque eye of Kinect. But now that it's midnight on the East Coast, LET FEEDBACK RING!
Also, we did some nifty stuff with this episode, like finally figuring out how the ginormous control board can route an outside call right into our ears (and yours), so we were able to have Adam call in from the steps of the Supreme Court in Washington D.C. after the violent video game hearings. Pretty cool stuff. We promise to only use this technology for (mostly) good.
Here's your handy, non-motion controlled guide to what we talked about:
- A woman in Florida kills her son while playing the ultra-violent game Farmville. Wait, what?!
- Minecraft p asses over 500,000 copies sold, and over 1.6 million users registered. Not bad for a game that's still in alpha! Thinking about diving in? Check out Steve "Crafty" Johnson's Minecraft tutorial before you do.
- PlayStation Phone photos surface. Do you want it? Do you care? Are too many games in your pocket right now? Wait, you do have a phone in there, right?
- Microsoft buys the motion sensing / 3D firm Canesta. Are they shutting down the competition? Or trying to make Kinect self-aware?
- Oh, and of course, a huge discussion about Kinect. What did we think about it? How are the launch titles? Listen and find out.
Feedback: Where when the controller ends up being us, we're definitely going to need a new set of batteries.
The AUDIO MP3 of this episode of FEEDBACK is available here: Right-click and Save.


text:
Choose the period
Today, my boyfriend went down on me for the first time. He definitely killed the mood when, while down there, he started saying, "Nomnomnomnom." FML
by wow babe / 11/19/2012 at 12:46pm / United States (Maryland) / Intimacy
Today, I sat on my balls while at a restaurant. As I was wincing in pain and readjusting myself, my girlfriend came and sat on my lap. She landed directly on my nuts. After a minute or two, I stood up, only to rack myself once again on the corner of the table. FML
by mfischer / 11/16/2012 at 4:40am / United States / Miscellaneous
Today, my hubby and I decided to spice up our sex life and went to an adult toy store. We know too many people in our town, so we drove to one that was 30 mins away. We decided on our items, and went to the check out. Who would have guessed my next door neighbor works there as a cashier? FML
by screwed / 11/04/2012 at 4:55am / United States / Intimacy
Today, I was at the library using a computer to order a package. A man sat down next to me mumbling to himself while staring at me. As I got up to go to the printer, he pointed at me and screamed, "I will burn you alive and enjoy it!" All of my info including my address was still on the computer screen. FML
by sarahcurtis213 / 11/13/2012 at 2:36am / United States / Miscellaneous
Today, I told my boss that I quit, and handed in my two week's notice. A couple of hours later, I found my letter of resignation had been photocopied and copies hung all around the office with "Best day ever" written on the bottom. FML
by sad face / 11/24/2012 at 6:54am / Australia (New South Wales) / Work
Today, my boyfriend broke up with me because I'm now about 15 pounds overweight. When I called him a hypocrite as he's over 40 pounds overweight, he said that his weight didn't matter because "it's the girl's job to look hot." FML
by thinner than you / 11/20/2012 at 4:57pm / United States (New Jersey) / Health
Today, in the spirit of Halloween and to get back at a child who repeatedly pressed the doorbell until I showed up, I quickly opened the door and yelled "Boo!" The child ended up being carried away crying with wet pants by a mother threatening to sue. FML
by NoSpirit / 11/01/2012 at 4:20am / Kids
Today, I witnessed a robbery as a teenager ran out of a Walgreens with stolen goods in his hands. The manager was running after him. Trying to be helpful, I pulled forward to block the thief from getting away. The cops showed up and arrested me for hitting a pedestrian. FML
by ausmill12 / 11/19/2012 at 1:18am / United States (Florida) / Miscellaneous
Today, two of my friends condemned me for being "narrow-minded", because I couldn't help but laugh at the thought that someone would believe mermaids actually exist. FML
by so pray to ariel about it, dipshits / 11/30/2012 at 2:29pm / United Kingdom (Edinburgh, City of) / Miscellaneous
Today, after losing twenty pounds to please my husband, the only comment I received was, "At least now only your personality sucks." FML
by 123alleyesonme / 11/02/2012 at 12:17am / United States (Texas) / Love
Today, my boyfriend and I had amazing make-up sex after a huge fight. Turns out he forgot to let me know it was actually break-up sex. FML
by lellow_171 / 11/18/2012 at 8:47pm / United States (Illinois) / Intimacy
Today, my dog climbed onto the dining room table to eat the cat's food. Then whined until I showed him how to get down. He does this every night. My dog is a genius. FML
by Anonymous / 11/21/2012 at 12:00am / United States (Florida) / Animals
Today, I caught my teenage daughter smoking, and tried calmly explaining to her that it's quite bad for her health. She replied with, "It doesn't harm you if you're under 20." FML
by RyanJarmanForPresident / 11/23/2012 at 4:07am / United States / Kids
- Today, I told my son off because he lost a form. A form that I later found in my right-hand pocket.… Today, I was driving in a straight line on a completely deserted road in the open bush. I sneezed… Today, a car almost hit me. Since I wasn't hurt, the driver chased me with a baseball bat to finish…


text:
Foreign Team by Invitation
Posted 11 August 2010 - 04:09 AM
The criteria for super league have also been clarified recently to include specific 2,500 average attendances, �1 million turnover, a 10,000 stadium minimum and other matters.
Now, you could argue for too long as to whether these were a recent introduction or whether the clubs knew them fully, it appears that some at least knew part of them certainly. However, working within the system, these are surely criteria designed to ensure that come what may any club making the step up to super league is both ready and able and viable for a long term super league future without significant money and crowd issues.
This being the case, what exactly is the point of allowing a team to bypass them? If they are a necessity, surely allowing a team outside these parameters (such as Toulouse, who are currently way off) would only end in that club ultimately failing and being propped up? And if this is not necessarily the case, why hold other clubs to these criteria at all?
Just something I've been pondering.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 06:59 AM
Life is like a sewer: What you get out of it depends on what you put into it.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 07:05 AM
Halfway down this article....
Have you recently walked 500 miles ? Were you advised to walk 500 more ? Did you fall down at someone's door ?
You may be entitled to compensation - call the Pro Claimers now
Posted 11 August 2010 - 07:27 AM
The RFL will do what they think is best, whether or not it actually is.
I think they were hoping Toulouse would qualify properly within the rules, but as they haven't they will get an invite anyway.
Widnes - Cheshire's Original Glamour Club.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 07:43 AM
The RFL will do what they think is best, whether or not it actually is.
I think they were hoping Toulouse would qualify properly within the rules, but as they haven't they will get an invite anyway.
And Les Cats were "invited" as well. The RFL tried to run a single selection system for two very different types of club. Now they seem to be running a we will pick who we want and the remaining places will be by criteria. Funny how it's only the people on this site who are picking up and questioning this apparent major major rule change. The RL journos don't seem too bothered. Maybe the world of RL journalism is too small a boat to rock without falling out of the boat yourself.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 07:51 AM
Posted 11 August 2010 - 08:02 AM
How did i forget the roaring success that is Les Catalans Dragons ?
Edited by Bomb Jack, 11 August 2010 - 08:03 AM.
Widnes - Cheshire's Original Glamour Club.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 08:19 AM
I think we have 2 things going on here - the RFL has been categoric that a club from the Championship WILL be promoted and that a club for SL WILL be demoted. They have published criteria which the promoted club will satisfy and presumably will publish criteria against which the Sl clubs will be measured.
The point about invitation can only be relevant in so far as the RFL wishes/needs to think about expansion clubs. It seems completely fair and reasonable and desirable that they consider the broader game. This MAJOR MAJOR change does not affect Widnes because they are going to be assessed according to the promotion criteria (and will clearly come out on top). If Toulouse could point to a TV deal and sponsors thatw ould mean they could pay for themselves (vvv unlikely) then the RFL is right to consider whether they are a sensible addition to the comp.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 08:54 AM
The club was 80 minutes from the GF last year and has also made the CC Final as well, all in its first 5 years. You're spot on, they are a success. For me, their position in the league is down to one man - Kevin Walters. I really don't think he's that good a coach.
As for inviting Toulouse or any other foreign team into SL, I just don't see it happenning this time round. With the difficulties at Harlequins and Crusaders the RFL will probably look to consolidate this time. Or at least, they should do...
Posted 11 August 2010 - 09:15 AM
Yes I think you have nailed it, clearly the RFL cannot rule out an addition of a club from overseas by being too narrow in the criteria.
It may be just a wishful assumption, that the rule is for Toulouse.
It may be for an unlikely long shot like a Barcelona or a Paris with the backing of guaranteed millions.
As for Nervous Jack no amount of placation will do it. Memo to RFL let Widnes in now for the sake of Jack's health.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 09:27 AM
Thanks. Clear and concise. I actually meant where are they published by the RFL/ESL
Life is like a sewer: What you get out of it depends on what you put into it.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 09:31 AM
Have you recently walked 500 miles ? Were you advised to walk 500 more ? Did you fall down at someone's door ?
You may be entitled to compensation - call the Pro Claimers now
Posted 11 August 2010 - 09:36 AM
Edited by bendyas, 11 August 2010 - 09:36 AM.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 09:53 AM
Although i am interested to know just how they will announce both the CC Club in March, and the one (s ) being kicked out in July.
Will both desicions be televised live as they were in 2008 ?
Widnes - Cheshire's Original Glamour Club.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 02:42 PM
1 Club has reached a Championship final or won the Northern Rail Cup in 2009 or 2010.
2 Club has a stadium with an operational capacity of 10,000.
3 No insolvency event has occurred during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 seasons.
4 Club has turnover of at least �1,000,000 in financial year ending 2009 or 2010 (turnover of charitable foundation can be included in this figure).
5 Club has an average attendance of at least 2,500 in 2009 or 2010
Numbers 2, 4 and 5 have never been mentioned before with those specific figures attached to them.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 03:42 PM
Either that or 12,000.
Widnes - Cheshire's Original Glamour Club.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 03:47 PM
Featherstone Rovers should now be celebrating promotion.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 04:26 PM
Yes, but would Widnes have encouraged the youth this season if things were as they used to be, or perhaps played things differently?
A man is getting along on the road of wisdom when he realises that his opinion is just an opinion
Posted 11 August 2010 - 06:25 PM
For championship clubs.
For stadium it was 12,000, revised down now to 10,000
Stadium operating at at least 40% capaicity revised down to minimum of 2,500 average
Turnover was �4m revised down to �1m
Remember these were not must haves previously but you were awarded points for them.
Although the criterea have been revised down in some areas on pitch qualifiers have been added because of all the whinging.
Since anyone could apply last time there was no need for the option of invitation to apply which has been added this time.
Overall because the situation this year is different to the first round most of the criterea have been revised or tweaked in some way
The revisions seem to have been made to ensure that a championship club will meet them thus the RFL can say with confidence that a Championship side will move up.
Where the RFL slip up is that they fail to make it clear what is going to happen.
This is how I read it and this is what the RFL should be saying (unless I'm wrong and then they shouldn't)
Clubs outside who qualify or are invited to apply for SL will be assesed first and one or more clubs will be selected for promotion or invitation to enter SL as a new club (not over likely).
Once it is known how many clubs will be moving into SL then a matching number of SL clubs, the required number of clubs scoring the least on the criteria will be relegated, regardless of the fact that they may score more than the Championship club or clubs promoted.
Edited: following BJ's post
Edited by Padge, 11 August 2010 - 06:57 PM.
Visit my photography site www.padge.smugmug.com
Radio 5 Live: Saturday 14 April 2007
Dave Whelan "In Wigan rugby will always be king"
This country's wealth was created by men in overalls, it was destroyed by men in suits.
The actual words are sufficient evidence, but has anyone checked.
Posted 11 August 2010 - 06:42 PM
Stadium operating at at least 40% capaicity revised down to minimum of 2,500 average
Turnover was �4m revised down to �1m
These revisions are for Championship Clubs only. The Super League Clubs still have the same set criteria to aim for............
Widnes - Cheshire's Original Glamour Club.
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text:
A burglary in Reynoldsburg is the crime of the week in the Crime Stoppers program.
The door of a home was pried open as a family was sleeping inside sometime between 2 and 5 a.m. on Oct. 13, and a purse and credit cards were taken. The stolen credit cards were then used at the Walmart store at 3900 Morse Rd.
Surveillance video can be viewed at www.stopcrime.org.
Crime Stoppers is offering a cash reward for information that leads to an arrest or indictment. Tips can be called in to 614-461-8477; sent by email through www.stopcrime.org; or texted to 274637, key word CMH.


text:
April 10, 2013 —
NARROWSBURG, NY — "Facets," an exhibit of paintings by Madelon Jones, opens with a reception on Friday, April 19 from 7 to 9 p.m. at the Delaware Arts Center's Alliance Gallery. The exhibit will be on view through May 11.
For this exhibit, Jones has created a series of paintings on paper that reveal the mind of an artist who has worked as a printmaker, and has become adept in the use of embossment, encaustic, painting and collage.
Jones graduated from UCLA's art school with a BFA in painting and did graduate work in New York City at New York University, School of Visual Arts and The Printmaking Workshop.
For more information, call 845/252-7576 or visit www.ArtsAllianceSite.org [1].


text:
Caitlan Lupolt, of Mifflintown, and Edward Messimer, of McAlisterville, were married on May 18, 2013, at Armstrong Valley Winery in Halifax.
The bride is the daughter of Phil and Jean Lupolt, of Mifflintown. The groom is the son of Barry and Andrea Messimer, of McAlisterville.
Janelle Lupolt, sister of the bride, was the maid of honor.
The best man was Derek Messimer, brother of the groom.
Bridesmaids were Lauren Crawford, of Mechanicsburg; Samantha Smith, of Lewistown; and Amber Yohn of Lewistown.
Groomsmen were Andrew Apple, of Richfield; Trent Fisher, of McAlisterville; and Alan Naylor, of Mifflintown.
Flower girl was Katelyn Fornwalt, of Mifflintown. Ring bearer was Austin Roush, of Selinsgrove. Both are cousins of the couple.
Caleb Lupolt, brother of the bride, and Cody Fornwalt, cousin of the groom, were junior ushers.
Pastor Chris Mathiason, of St. Stephen's Lutheran Church, performed the ceremony.
A reception followed at the Armstrong Valley Winery.
The bride is a 2006 graduate of Juniata High School and a 2010 graduate of Penn State University. She is employed as a home visitor at SUM Child Development, Lewistown.
The groom is a 2003 graduate of East Juniata High School and a 2005 graduate of Triangle Technical Institute. He is employed as a lineman for PPL in Newport.
Following a cruise to the Caribbean, they live in McAlisterville.


text:
The predator fence at the Ka'ena Point Natural Reserve Area is a little more than two years old, but the benefits to native plants and sea birds is expected to last decades.
"We're really pleased with the outcome of the fence," said Marigold Zoll, Oahu natural area reserves manager with the state Department of Land and Natural Resources. "It's not going to happen overnight, full recovery, but we're well on our way to recovering this coastal habitat."
Finished in April 2011 at a cost of $290,000, the 6.5-foot fence was designed by Xcluder Pest Proof Fencing Company in New Zealand to keep out cats, rats, mice, mongooses and dogs from a 59-acre area at Ka'ena Point. The meshing is so fine, mice younger than four days can't get through.
But at the end of every rainy season mice tend to bloom, and some undoubtedly find their way around the fence's two weak points where meshing meets ocean. Keeping the area predator-free is a constant battle that involves baiting and trapping.
"It takes at least two people a full day of work every week to come out here and monitor the traps and make sure that we don't have any incursions," said Zoll. "If we do have an incursion, then we come out and trap like crazy (and) we run tracking tunnels to make sure that we've gotten all the animals."
What used to be a landscape of desolate sand dunes at Ka'ena Point in the 1990s has been augmented by 11 species of native plants. Sea birds are also making a comeback, with shearwater chicks increasing from 300 before the fence was built, to 3,500 last year.
Meanwhile, the endangered Laysan albatross also continues to rebound, with 76 nest attempts and at least 30 chicks hatched during the most recent mating season, which begins every November.
"Albatross, they take a little longer to respond just because there wasn't as much of a predation issue, but they've gone up by about 15 percent. So, they're doing really well," said Lindsay Young, the Ka'ena predator fence project coordinator.
The fencing is also allowing researchers to further study albatross in an effort to learn more about their habits during the first five years of life. Young, who's also a co-owner of the independent group Pacific Rim Conservation, attached devices to the legs of albatross chicks last month to plot their exact locations on the globe through the use of light levels.
"We know a lot about where adult albatrosses go, but the chicks, because they go to sea for three to five years, nobody knows what they're up to," said Young. "We're uniquely poised out here at Ka'ena Point to be able to retrieve those tags because birds come back in three to five years."
The predator fence has a life expectancy of 20 years, and is under a 5-year warranty. Young estimates it takes about $5,000 every year to maintain the fence, but the benefits are well worth the price.
"After 16 years, the cost of the fence, including the year-to-year maintenance, we'll break even versus the predator control that was going on before," explained Young. "And because the fence is expected to last longer than that, there's a financial benefit."
The Ka'ena Point Natural Reserve Area is open to the public year round, but visitors are told to stay on marked trails and leave their dogs at home. The predator fence features three access points with double sliding doors for added protection.
Zoll encourages anyone who hasn't visited the area to come spend a morning or afternoon at Ka'ena Point, which she says is like stepping back in time.
"This is the closest people will probably ever get to visiting the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands with the ground nesting sea birds and the intact coastal plant community," said Zoll.
Despite fence, keeping Ka'ena Point predator-free is constant battle
The predator fence at the Ka'ena Point Natural Reserve Area is a little more than two years old, but the benefits to native plants and sea birds is expected to last decades.
Copyright 2013 by KITV All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text: I am the mother of twin boys that are now 8 weeks. The boys couldn't latch on to me because my nipples increased in size during pregnancy and were too big for them. I saw 3 lactation consultants in the hospital and one at home 3 times. Since I couldn't have them latch, I began pumping with the hospital-grade pump every 2 hours, but I have an extremely low milk supply. I already take fenugreek, blessed thistle and goat's rue and Domperidone and nothing has worked. I still can't get the boys to latch on one breast at all and then other latch is inconsistent. I have been supplementing from day one. I have been pumping 10-12 times a day for 15-30 minutes at a time for the past 8 weeks. I was wondering if anyone knew if my supply is 25% of what the boys need, will it continue to be 25% of what they need as they get older?


text:
Wordsmith Talk
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#188477 - 12/26/09 08:27 AM more fun with links [Re: zmjezhd]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 04/03/00
Posts: 10538
Loc: this too shall pass
>You know, he does this on purpose.
I know; but I have no life either.
on a related note, I had a nightmare las...hing like this.
this gave me the idea (poor me) of making a link to this post with 'link' colorized, bolded, and underlined so that it would appear in a manner consistent with dal's expectations.
eheu! <--yet another futile attempt to get back to a word topic.
-joe (contravivulations are my life) friday
#188479 - 12/26/09 09:40 AM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: Faldage]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 08/13/05
Posts: 3290
Loc: R'lyeh
We could always go back to the original question.
Whatever for? Maybs that's as why as I hasked him to clarify. Could be that specialist species (link) is what all y'all're looking for._________________________
Ceci n'est pas un seing.
#188480 - 12/26/09 02:00 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: zmjezhd]
Registered: 07/10/05
Posts: 1773
Loc: Apple Valley, CA, USA
#188481 - 12/26/09 02:10 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: dalehileman]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 08/13/05
Posts: 3290
Loc: R'lyeh
Step 3: RTFM!_________________________
Ceci n'est pas un seing.
#188482 - 12/26/09 02:28 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: zmjezhd]
Registered: 07/10/05
Posts: 1773
Loc: Apple Valley, CA, USA
As you can see it sort of worked, except for the extraneous "Step 0". My mistakes were (a) not realizing zm had omitted a couple of steps, apparently thinking they were was so obvious he didn't need to, and had included a step which as you will see I didn't need. I had apparently forgotten to to hit "submit" then "edit" because otherwise you don't get the editing icons and (b) identifying each step, which apparently interferes with the process. So now I shall submit then follow tsu's intructions once more:
Explanatory text http://onelook.com/?w=*&loc=revfp2&clue=survival+requires+specific+environment
Aha now I'm beginning to catch on. Remember my original goal was to produce a link having the appearance of a url, that is, an address; and indeed that's just what I got above, except for "Explanatory text" which I didn't need.
An Aha moment: I'll do it again but this time I won't enter any explanatory text:
Big Aha! finally I'm there. But my god, what an awful lot of steps for something that in other boards is 100 % automatic
....but thanks again to all you guys for your boundless patience
#188483 - 12/26/09 03:20 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: dalehileman]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 04/03/00
Posts: 10538
Loc: this too shall pass
http://onelook.com/?w=*&loc=revfp2&clue=survival+requires+specific+environment [not a link]
ok then, dal; now a question for *you..
why do you want to have such a monstrosity, which tells me nothing other than I'm about to be taken to onelook (and possibly the search string if I know how the reverse lookup at onelook works), when you could simply put "link" or even "link to onelook"?
now, before you unthinkingly fire off your "so the reader will know where he's about to be whisked away to", consider the following carefully (or as noted above, RTFM), IF YOU MOUSE OVER ANY HOT LINK YOU GET THE LINK ADDRESS DISPLAYED ON YOUR BROWSER'S STATUS BAR! [apologies for the shouting to other readers]
#188484 - 12/26/09 03:39 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: tsuwm]
Registered: 07/10/05
Posts: 1773
Loc: Apple Valley, CA, USA
Quote:why do you want to have such a monstrosity,.......when you could simply put "link" or even "link to onelook"?
I don't exactly understand the question. Among other things besides the name of the board it tells you a suggested word combinationQuote:IF YOU MOUSE OVER ANY HOT LINK YOU GET THE LINK ADDRESS DISPLAYED ON YOUR BROWSER'S STATUS BAR!
I tried a couple but nothing happened. Does "mouse over" mean "highlight"_________________________
#188485 - 12/26/09 03:57 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: dalehileman]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 04/03/00
Posts: 10538
Loc: this too shall pass
>Does "mouse over" mean "highlight"
no. can you scroll up in this thread so that your link and my identical non-link both show?
if so, then you'll be able to move (don't click) your mouse pointer over one and then the other. note the difference in the results.
most browsers give you a status bar at the bottom of your browser window. when you mouse over a link/url (that is, move your mouse pointer over the link title), you should see something happen to the pointer and additionally see something happen inside the status bar. when you do the same over my identical string (except for its not being a hot link) none of the above happens.
[this status bar may be an optional display, but I leave it on for I may want to know where all of the hot links are going to take me; e.g., many of the external links given in wikipedia articles have a text title rather than a URL address for the hot links.]
Edited by tsuwm (12/26/09 04:13 PM)
Edit Reason: adding optional
#188486 - 12/26/09 04:16 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: tsuwm]
Registered: 07/10/05
Posts: 1773
Loc: Apple Valley, CA, USA
Aha. I just consulted with my No. 1 Son who showed me exactly that. So I've learned something today
I note this trick works with some links but not others. In spite of his expertise, however, he says he doesn't know exactly where that text in the yellow box comes from. Also i'm not cleear what's the difference between a hot link and a cold one. Can I conclude that the cold one is black and non-clickable where the hot one is of course in color and clickable
Edited to add my No. 2 Son explains that the little box only appears only with a link to a post within the same site
Although he's much more versed at this kind of thing than I (nearly anyone else is) he also doesn't know what it is that makes a link hot so I looked it up--
Inline linking (also known as hotlinking, leeching, piggy-backing, direct linking, offsite image grabs and bandwidth theft) is the use of a linked object, often an image, from one site into a web page belonging to a second site. The second site is said to have an inline link to the site where the object is located.
Can I conclude then that a hot link is a means of linking to a specific post or passage at a different site whereas a cold link is merely a link to the address of that site_________________________
#188488 - 12/26/09 04:49 PM Re: waist deep in toxic waste [Re: dalehileman]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 04/03/00
Posts: 10538
Loc: this too shall pass
I use "hot link" simply to mean clickable; my copy of your URL address above is not clickable. (I think the term actually means something else to webocrats, having to do with "hot" as in illicitly used.)
in light of this, there's no such thing as a "cold link".
>the little box only appears only with a link to a post within the same site
huh? which browser are you using? with Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari all active/hot links are duly displayed in the status bar. (and also IE, which I don't normally use.) specifically, the OneLook links above have this property.
as we're losing context with distance, here are two links
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click_here
2) click here
both of these should display on the status bar
Edited by tsuwm (12/26/09 04:59 PM)
Edit Reason: new examples
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All kidding aside, I love this hire. I was very impressed with how Utah St. played against us this year. And in particular, Andersen's demeanor on the sideline. I kept thinking this is a guy I'd play for.
I would doubt that he would bring the spread offense to Madison. It just doesn't make sense. Put in the tape of Rich Rodriguez at Michigan if he needs more convincing.


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Respond Quickly and Accurately by E-Mail
Develop a cost-effective strategy to enable your contact center, helpdesk, and customer service team to intelligently and efficiently route and process inbound e-mails and Web form inquiries from customers, employees, and other users. Cisco Unified E-Mail Interaction Manager can help you meet this challenge.
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Students Caps, Gowns and Tassels
Graduating students must apply for graduation by filling out a graduation application and paying a graduation fee. This fee includes the payment for cap, gown and tassel. For more information see Graduation Procedure.
The Bookstore will order the graduation regalia and delivery is expected in early to mid April. Notice will be sent out informing students that caps and gowns have arrived and can be picked up in the Bookstore. At the time of pickup, students can also purchase traditional graduation announcements. Personalized Graduation Announcements should be purchased as early as possible due to them being customized.
Students graduating with honors can also purchase their honor cords or sashes at the time they pick up their caps and gowns. The students who have a GPA of 3.80-4.00 will be presented their Summa Cum Laude honor stole at the spring's awards banquet. For more information contact the Campus Life Office at (304) 327.4186.
All other honor graduates with a GPA of 3.25 or higher will purchase their honor cords/sashes at the Campus Corner or Beckley Bookstores.
Listed below are the academic honors and the GPA. These GPA's are cumulative through the fall semester.
SUMMA Cum Laude - 3.80-4.00
2 year Degree - 3.25-4.00


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Know It All: Numerology
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INTRO_Numerology_vo21 of 15intro 2
Go Greek2 of 15
Throughout time, civilizations (the Chinese, Hebrews, Egyptians, Mayans and so forth) have used number systems for the purpose of understanding life's mysteries. The system we recognize in the West is named after Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras and has evolved over many centuries.
Good Vibes3 of 15
According to numerology, each number carries a unique vibration with associated characteristics, both positive and negative, attached to it. Simply put, numbers have their own personalities. While each number (1–9) has individual traits, they play off one another to tell a story and to offer insight into the bigger energies at play.
Chart Your Course4 of 15
The science of numerology investigates numerical patterns as they appear in all areas of a person's life, including house and phone numbers, but your personal chart is primarily based on your birth date and the letters in your name. Numerology experts use people's personal charts to predict when it's the right time to get married, change careers, buy a house, have a baby and incur other life-changing events.
On the Path5 of 15
Your life path number, derived using your full birth date, is considered the single most important number in your numerology chart. Indicating the opportunities, challenges and lessons you will encounter throughout your lifetime, your life path number also influences your overall personality and how you will respond to life's many ups and downs.
Destiny Calling6 of 15
The second most important number in your numerology chart is your expression or destiny number, which is comprised of all the letters in your full birth name. Dictating your attributes, strengths, weaknesses and natural abilities, your destiny number offers insight into what your life's aims or purpose is according to the opportunities at your disposal.
The Number 17 of 15
A born leader, the number 1 is independent, determined and aggressive. One is the primal force of the universe—the doer who plows through life's obstacles and makes things happen. Straightforward and self-assured, 1 doesn't shy away from confrontation, but runs the risk of becoming stubborn and arrogant.
The Number 28 of 15
Gentle, considerate and sensitive, 2 is considered the peacekeeper. Two is sophisticated, artistic, witty and graceful with a natural sense for music and rhythm. Drawn to the occult, the number 2 is observant and quite intuitive in regard to human nature. Number 2 is extremely emotional and can be quite demanding, even dependent, but is one of the most devoted of all the numbers.
The Number 39 of 15
The number 3 is a social, charismatic and adventurous vibration with a powerful need for self-expression. Playful and optimistic, 3 has a certain magnetism that attracts others—the number demands to be the center of attention. Three's challenge is to find deeper connections and meanings in life than superficial motives.
The Number 410 of 15
Four has a strong masculine vibration and is known for his strength, dependability and steadfastness. The number is by all means practical. Not super social, 4 lives life with a high degree of self-discipline and control, and is known as the worker among the numbers. Conventional and narrow-minded, 4 can be rigid and unyielding with strong moral convictions.
The Number 511 of 15
Smart and progressive, the 5 is an intellectual vibration that seeks variety. Fives value her freedom above all else and aren't afraid to take risks. Change is constant for the number. Unpredictable and noncommittal, 5 finds following through to be a big challenge.
The Number 612 of 15
Six is all about nurturing, healing, protecting and teaching. It's the caretaker number and has been nicknamed the motherhood number. With a strong sense of justice and a peaceful nature, 6 is the only number harmonious will all the other number personalities.
The Number 713 of 15
Seven is a spiritual vibration and is known as the seeker. Introspective, the number indicates a deep thinker who isn't concerned with superficial things like material possessions, small talk and gossip. Seven's intuition and imagination are beyond powerful, but the number has to be careful not to become too secluded in his mind.
The Number 814 of 15
Eight is authoritative, business-minded and success-oriented. The number has potential to be quite prosperous. A positive 8 is extremely generous with his money, while a negative 8 can turn greedy and dissatisfied. A realist, 8 also possess the powers of good judgment.
The Number 915 of 15
Nine is globally conscious and sympathetic—a true humanitarian. A tolerant and nonjudgmental vibration, 9 believes in the connections of mankind, and her compassion is tireless. The number is deep, intuitive, subtle and somewhat mysterious.
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Subprime Market Aids Car Industry Growth
By Sonari Glinton • May 28, 2012
The average credit score for new- and used-car buyers has taken a fall since the days of the financial crisis in 2008. It's fallen especially in the last two quarters. Brands such as Kia and Dodge are gobbling up a disproportionate number of subprime buyers. An increasing number of new-car buyers are getting loans with interest rates higher than 10 percent.


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Bathory - Requiem
BATHORY "Requiem" BMLP 666-10 RE-MASTERED!!!
After years of complex arrangements and everbigger productions, BATHORY longed for doing a basic, simple and thrashing mad album.
Containing 9 tracks of pure brutalities and sheer in-your-face razorblade hardcore, REQUIEM is as lethal and controversial today as when it was first released