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Unlike previous years, 2006 has been a defining year for Java, marking fundamental change for what remains, by many objective measures, today's most popular programming language. Most critical to the fate of Java is Sun's decision to release its implementation of Java under terms of the GPL, a process that is well underway today with the release of the HotSpot VM, javac compiler, and a GPL Java ME implementation (Java EE was open-sourced last year as the GlassFish project). The SE pieces aren't enough to comprise a complete Java platform yet--that will happen next year when the class libraries are open-sourced. Still, the progress is a lot more than almost anyone would ever have predicted a year ago, and virtually nobody expected Sun to choose GPL for its open source license.
But what happens next? That's the big question. As with a lot of this year's events, it's not obvious what this move will lead to, rife as it surely is with unintended consequences. So for this year's "2006 In Review" article, we're taking a different approach: we're listing some of the major developments and pointing out what to look for in 2007 as a results of those events.
2006: Sun open-sources its Java VM and compiler under the GPLv2
2007: Watch for class libraries... and forks
The GPL release of the Java compiler and VM shows Sun is serious about open-sourcing Java, but it's too soon to see what the results will be. For one thing, the released code is basically a very early Java SE 7, as Sun didn't want the open source work to interfere with the release of Java SE 6, which happened earlier in December. Along with being a pre-spec VM, the release also lacks the class libraries that would be needed to bring up a useful Java environment.
One of the challenges in providing the class libraries is having to search millions of lines of code for encumbrances, code that Sun licensed to use in Java and that it doesn't have the rights to GPL. Some of these may have suitable drop-in replacements from the open source world, but sooner or later, it's inevitable that there'll be some things that Sun will need to relicense, rewrite, or omit.
The big question beyond this is what people do with Java now that it's GPL. Beyond solving the political issues involved with including Sun's JVM with certain Linux distros, and getting the JVM ported to platforms that Sun itself isn't interested enough to do its own versions for, there's the question of what unpredictable things people will do with the bits. Does HotSpot's dynamic runtime compiler offer something to other languages' runtime? Will developers fork the language itself by hacking the compiler to add or remove language features? The result can't be called Java, but so what? Maybe Java could be used for domain-specific languages, in which case there'd be no desire to call the resulting variant "Java" or anything that starts with a "J."
2006: Sun creates and promotes Distro License for Java
2007: Does it matter anymore?
If you're a Linux distro, it should be obvious by now that Sun is totally smitten with you. Even before the surprising GPL-ing of Java, Sun was making overtures to the Ubuntus and Debians of the world with the Distro License for Java, which lets the platform developers package Java SE in a form that makes sense for their platform, so users can get a JVM with something like an
apt-get rather than having to do some sort of hand install.
Of course, with the GPL release of Java, the need for the DLJ would seemingly go away; any changes necessary to the JVM, its class libraries, or the form of its release can readily be made, provided those changes are themselves published under the GPL--and GPL compatibility was the whole issue with most of the Linux distros anyway. So, on the surface, the DLJ would appear to be necessary only until GPL Java is itself ready to be stuffed into a .dpkg. But how long will that be?
2006: Java SE 6 released
2007: When will developers adopt it?
A little behind its original schedule, Java SE 6 arrived in mid-December. The new version offers a smattering of new APIs including XML Digital Signature, updates to essential APIs like JDBC 4.0 and JAXB 2.0, a re-architected graphics-rendering pipeline, greater fidelity in Swing's Windows and GTK look-and-feels, and more.
But given the deliberation with which many Java developers, deployers, and users adopt new versions of Java (anecdotally, the nearly five-year-old Java 1.4 still seems to be in wide use), what about SE 6 will get people to switch? Unless you need some specific feature, say, JDBC 4.0's SQLXML data type, will it be worth installing a whole new JVM, and a "dot zero" release at that? Performance improvements--particularly for desktop apps--notwithstanding, we may be well into 2007 before SE 6 is assumed to be the default version.
2006: Java SE 6 runs languages other than Java
2007: What languages will you be running on the JVM?
Perhaps the most interesting change you can point to is SE 6's built-in support for scripting languages. The new
javax.script APIs allow you to instantiate and use scripting language engines in Java, and to exchange data between the language and Java. Java SE 6 provides built-in support for JavaScript (via the Rhino engine), and more languages are certain to be added by third parties.
The obvious "next language" may well be Ruby, given that Sun hired the developers of JRuby in September. Not only does this elevate the status of Ruby within the Java world, but some have also noted that it has already sped up the JRuby release schedule.
The idea of running other languages on the JVM is nothing new, of course--Robert Tolksdorf's list shows over 200 language options for the JVM--but Ruby is special given the buzz surrounding Ruby and the Rails framework as a rival to Java for building enterprise web applications. This was the major theme of Bruce Tate's book Beyond Java. But another often overlooked point of Tate's book was the idea that the JVM solves so many essential problems, such as security and cross-platform compatibility, that any successor to Java would likely need to run on the JVM. In other words, nobody wants to start over with an insecure language or framework that ties you to one platform.
Is Sun co-opting the Ruby buzz, or picking favorites? Maybe a little of both, but there's a deeper story here; as much as pundits talk about Ruby/Rails' potential to steal an audience of Java developers, it's clear that it's also luring developers away from other scripting languages, such as Perl and PHP.
2006: JDK 7 development begins
2007: The closures argument comes to a head
JDK 7 development is already underway, although it will be some time before a set of features for this list comes together. Surely the most debated language feature on the JDK 7 table is the proposal to add closures to the Java language.
In essence, there are really two arguments here. The first is whether closures are needed at all, or whether the increase in complexity outweighs the benefits closures would provide in specific cases. Given that some of what closures provide is already accomplished by anonymous inner classes, the specific pain points that closures would alleviate may simply not justify another language structure. The second argument is about the specific syntax of the closure proposal, and whether its apparent desire for compactness may make Java closures unnecessarily hard to read.
2006: Java EE 5 released
2007: Will EJB 3 win back developers?
Java EE 5 was released this summer and with it, EJB 3.0, the profound reworking of the much-maligned enterprise object framework.
The story to watch for in 2007 is whether EJB 3.0 can win back the developers who abandoned the pedantic EJB 2.x approach in favor of simpler approaches to business logic (Spring) and persistence (Hibernate), or if that audience has found what it needs in the alternative frameworks. And if EJB can't win them back, is that really bad for anyone other than Sun and the various EE licensees?
2006: Java ME still on every phone
2007: Does a GPL ME change anything?
Java ME seems to attract the least notice or attention of the three major Java platforms, even though its distribution on mobile phones would presumably make it more ubiquitous than SE or EE. Some of that, surely, comes from application distribution problems caused by the difficulty of working through mobile service providers, at least in the U.S. So while there's now an open source CLDC/MIDP platform, it's an open question as to what anyone will do with it. While manufacturers may choose to stick with current licensing arrangements, a GPL ME might be ideal for upstarts in other small device spaces.
2006: BD-J makes a splash as part of Blu-Ray
2007: If Blu-Ray crashes and burns, will it take BD-J with it?
One novel use of Java ME is to provide the interactivity platform of the Blu-Ray Disc standard, one of two competing formats for high-definition movie systems (the other being HD-DVD). The standard includes the Java-based "BD-J" environment, which marries Java ME with some APIs borrowed from interactive television, to provide highly interactive menus and other potentially novel content, including network access from movie discs. Blu-Ray backers point out that the standard needs more compelling interactivity than is provided by DVDs as a distinguishing feature to help the format succeed; just having a clearer picture isn't enough to get people to switch.
But will it work? Blu-Ray's main proponent, Sony, has had a miserable track record in the press recently, between its rootkit and exploding battery fiascoes. Making Blu-Ray part of the PlayStation 3 was meant to be a boost to the standard, but instead it may actually be hurting the PS3, as gamers blame Blu-Ray for increasing the price and slowing production of the PS3. Worse for BD-J, Sony's first standalone Blu-Ray player doesn't actually support BD-J , with Sony saying that BD-J functionality will be provided in a 2007 firmware update.
Earlier this year, your editor went to a JavaOne session on Blu-Ray in hopes of getting information on developing for BD-J, and came away deeply disappointed. Now that Blu-Ray's presumed success is no longer a fait accompli, the question of whether developers can get a BD-J SDK without paying enormous license fees may not even matter.
2006: Eclipse Callisto offers ten simultaneous releases
2007: What's succeeding other than the IDE?
All indications are that the Eclipse IDE remains the top choice for Java development. But Eclipse is much more than an IDE. The Eclipse developers reminded everyone of that with this summer's Callisto release, the simultaneous drop of ten different Eclipse foundation projects.
Having said that, it remains to be seen just how much success Eclipse can muster beyond the IDE. The building blocks of Eclipse can be used to create rich client applications, in the form of the Rich Client Platform (RCP), but it's not clear how many developers have adopted this model. Eclipse's Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) was supposed to be the answer to the problems of Swing, but after years of development, it seems as common in the wild as Swing--that is to say, not very. The rival widget toolkits can each claim credit for one IDE (Eclipse and NetBeans), one file-sharing program (Azareus and LimeWire), and not much else. Will 2007 be the year SWT lands on the desktop in a big way, or are it and Swing big ducks in a small pond?
2006: Google releases GWT
2007: Is GWT the new face of Ajax?
2006: Google deprecates SOAP search API
2007: Is this the beginning of the end of SOAP?
Just this week, InfoQ noted Google's deprecation of its SOAP Search API, in favor of an Ajax-oriented alternative that's better suited for client-side use than server-side. O'Reilly Radar blogger Brady Forrest called it a "a unilateral move that is going to alienate at least some of the Google dev community and lead to defections to other services," and worried about the effect on web services as a whole, since it was in many ways the canonical web service. Steve Loughran goes further, calling it The end of SOAP, and shedding few tears: "it won't happen at once, it won't be overnight, but one day SOAP will be over. We will look back and wonder 'what were we thinking?'. It will be up there with ActiveX, EJB2, and other things that we will describe as mistakes that should never have made it past the powerpoint stage."
2006: JSR 306 proposed to reform JCP
2007: Can the JCP make all the people happy?
JCP 306 was approved in August, under the daunting title "Towards a new version of the JCP." Among its goals are improving the transparency of the Java Community Process, improving the involvement of individuals, and optimizing the duration of JSRs. Also in its charter are possible changes to improve working with other standards bodies, working with non-Java implementations, easing migration of existing technology into JSRs, and making TCK and licensing information available upon conclusion of a JSR.
The expert group's early draft review was tentatively scheduled for this month, with a public draft review in February 2007, a final draft in April, and the final approval ballot in May. This proposal needs to pass both the SE/EE and ME executive committees, and it's sure to get a close look, particularly following the criticism JSR 277 received from OSGi and others who've worked on problems similar to 277's "Java Module System."
2006: Java book sales continue to decline
2007: What's declining, Java or books?
In his most recent survey of the State of the Computer Book Market, Tim O'Reilly notes the continued slide of Java book sales, down 15 percent in the last run of the stats. He writes:
The decline of Java book sales has accelerated, while C# books have continued their steady increase. When you aggregate books on both C# ".Net Languages" (books that cover both C# and VB.Net), the C# book market is now about 12% larger than Java. (Of course, some of those .Net Languages book purchasers could be buying them for their coverage of VB.)
Perhaps it's not surprising that 2005 would have moved more books in support of the language changes in Java SE 5, and that 2006 would be slower with no such changes in SE 6. That said, the Java book market is an odd beast; few titles can be relevant to all Java programmers, and the various topic niches and programming frameworks may be too small to support books on them. How many Java web frameworks are there, and how many have enough of a professional following to sell a lot of $40 books? It's possible that the future of Java content may be in different forms, like the O'Reilly Short Cuts PDFs, or online articles like those here on ONJava and java.net.
So that's a brief overview of some of the 2006's most prominent Java happenings, and what you might look for in 2007. But what do you think? What's happening in Java from your point of view, and what should we be looking at next year? What did we cover too much on ONJava this year, and what would you rather see covered more in 2007?
To finish out this year-ender, let's hand it over to you, the readership. In the Comments section below, please let us know what matters to you as Java developers, and how ONJava can help you make the most of the opportunities that Java provides.
But one last thing before the comment block begins: thanks for reading this year. See you in 2007.
Chris Adamson is an author, editor, and developer specializing in iPhone and Mac.
Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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Check out the brand new Cobra Starship 'Bruised' Hoodie available now in The Fueled By Ramen Webstore. Click HERE to see this hoodie and more items from Cobra Starship!
|January 18, 2012
|January 18, 2012
Fueled By Ramen would like to send a big Thank You to everyone who has watched the Paramore 'Decode' video. The video reached 60 Million views and is the 3rd biggest video on the Fueled By Ramen YouTube channel. Click HERE to watch it again!
|January 17, 2012
Gym Class Heroes is up against T. Mills this week in the Pop Dust 'Pop Off.' Click HERE to vote for 'Ass Back Home' feat. Neon Hitch to be your choice of this week's most awesome new track.
|January 17, 2012
Click HERE to check out a gallery of exclusive photos from the set of Cobra Starship's new video for 'Middle Finger' featuring Mac Miller. It premieres this Thursday on MTV.com!
|January 17, 2012
|January 17, 2012
|January 17, 2012
Hey everyone-
Time for my Snoop Bloggy Blog; studio edition. If you follow our band in any capacity, you're probably aware by now that we are in Nashville making a new record. So far, it's been great. Mark and everyone at Starstruck studios has been incredible, hospitable, and inspirational. I just finished my drum tracks, which were a real treat to track with the team we have working on this record. I was even able to borrow some snare drum options from Mike Marsh, a good friend and fantastic drummer who lives here in Nashville. Justin, Halvo and I have been making friends around town, including the legendary Earl Bud Lee (google him!) who we met last night after watching the Giants upset the Packers.
Another bonus of recording here is that we get to see our main man(ager) Josh "King
|January 16, 2012
from Rome of Sublime With Rome:
Day two of the session with Benny Blanco and B.o.B. We're bringing in the new year just right! Wednesday was such an epic day in the studio. I can't wait to show the world this record. Nothing helps facilitate great songwriting more than great company.
|January 14, 2012
Fun. won't release their new album Some Nights until February 21st, but you can preorder your copy now. While you're doing that, be sure to check out the bundles that include the t-shirt above which features all the lyrics from the album.
Preorder your copy of Some Nights now at ournameisfun.com/somenights!
|January 13, 2012
Happy birthday to Ryan Collins of The Swellers from all of us at Fueled By Ramen! We hope it's a blast...see you in NYC on the 29th!
The Fueled By Ramen Crew
photo by Kellyann Petry

subset: commoncrawl


text: Henry Ford and the Model T (4) tv-pg Play video Select your TV provider to log in to have full access to videos Select your TV provider See all providers Don't see your TV provider? Learn more You can access this video on the free HISTORY® app. *You must verify your TV provider towatch this video on the App Your Parental Control settings do not allow you to view this content. Henry Ford and the Model T (4 min) tv-pg Find out how Henry Ford's Model T revolutionized transportation in America.


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The University of Wisconsin-Madison recently approved to pay its next chancellor up to $522,000 a year, which would move the university from near-lowest to the middle of the pack among what other Big Ten public institutions pay their leaders.
Below is a list of what schools pay their highest officials, along with perks, when applicable. Northwestern University is private.
1. Ohio State University
- President E. Gordon Gee
- $834,530.04 base pay in 2011-2012 (Approved next year at nearly $860,000)
- $1,992,221 in total compensation (next year will be $2.15 million, an increase in line with faculty and staff raises)
- Has also expensed a number of pricey perks, such as tailgating events, parties at the president's mansion, and limo travel.
SOURCES: Columbus DataCenter, Dayton Daily News, Chronicle of Higher Education
2. University of Minnesota
- President Eric Kaler
- $610,000 base salary beginning in 2011
- $50,000 in retirement funds annually
SOURCE: Minnesota Public Radio
3. University of Michigan
- President Mary Sue Coleman
- $585.782.89 base pay in 2011-2012
- Coleman's total compensation package, however, exceeds $910,700. In addition to $175,000 in deferred compensation, a $100,000 yearly retention bonus and more than $50,000 in annual retirement pay; Coleman also gets the use of a car and U-M president's house.
SOURCES: University of Michigan salary database, AnnArbor.com
4. Indiana University
- President Michael McRobbie
- $533,120 base salary
- $625,000 with bonuses
SOURCES: Indianapolis Business Journal, Chronicle of Higher Education
5. University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Leader: Ongoing search
- Up to $522,000 base salary (current Interim Chancellor David Ward makes $437,000 and would not be affected by approved increase)
- Perks include the use of a car, mandatory cost-free living in Olin House, health and retirement packages comparable to UW employees. The chancellor does not get a deferred compensation package that many other university presidents get because it's not allowed by state law.
SOURCE: University of Wisconsin System
6. Michigan State University
- President Lou Anna K. Simon
- $520,000 base pay in 2011-2012
- She receives a car, country club membership, lifetime health care benefits for her and her husband, complimentary sporting event and performance tickets. No bonuses.
SOURCES: Michigan State University salary database, The State News
7. Penn State University
- President Rodney Erickson
- $515,000 base salary
- Use of university car, standard benefits.
SOURCE: The Patriot-News (Harrisburg, Pa.)
8. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
- Chancellor Phyllis Wise (incoming chancellor)
- $500,000 base pay
- Standard benefits, eligible for $500,000 retention bonus after five years


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Tobacco use kills more than 6 million people annually, 30 percent of whom will die from cancer-related diseases due to smoking. If current trends continue, tobacco use will kill 8 million people annually by 2030, 83 percent of whom reside in low- and middle-income countries.
Our global tobacco control program supports advocacy and research and builds the capacity of leaders and organizations in low and middle-income countries to effectively counter the tobacco industry's efforts to undermine tobacco control. A central aim of the Society's tobacco control program is to support implementation and enforcement of effective tobacco control policies. Our program has a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa, given that the African continent is home to the highest increase in the rate of tobacco use in the developing world.
The Global Tobacco Epidemic
In 1964, the U.S. Surgeon General Report on Smoking and Health created shockwaves by confirming what many scientists had suspected for decades: cigarette smokers were at higher risk of dying, and of suffering from lung cancer, coronary heart disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. For the first time, Americans were confronted with the notion that smoking cigarettes was a deadly habit. Since that time, large-scale public health interventions were progressively rolled out to help not only inform Americans about the dangers of smoking, but also to prevent them from starting to smoke, to help them quit, and to protect non-smokers from second-hand smoke. Not everyone was convinced – about 18.4% of American adults still smoke- but the prevalence of the problem has greatly diminished over time. Similar scenarios unfolded in most high-income nations over the past 25 years, and consumption of tobacco products in occidental countries is slowly decreasing.
Yet, the consumption of tobacco products around the world has never been so high, in part because the tobacco epidemic has now become a global phenomenon. Faced with increasing health regulations in developed countries, the tobacco industry turned to new markets to find new users. And what better markets than those of developing economies, where governments and civil societies had not yet mobilized to protect the health of their citizens from this emerging risk factor? Low- and middle-income economies, once thought of as mainly afflicted by infectious conditions and basic health and sanitation challenges, have started to face a double burden of disease and are increasingly suffering from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and chronic respiratory illnesses. The health profile of low- and middle-income countries is therefore changing rapidly, precipitating increases in health care costs and depriving families of income, and tobacco is one of the key risk factors driving this change. It is the single greatest preventable cause of NCDs, which are now the number one cause of premature death and disability worldwide, killing more people than HIV, tuberculosis and malaria combined.
Did you know that, around the world...?
- One billion people smoke cigarettes.
- Half of cigarette users will die because they smoke.
- Six million people die every year because of tobacco. This figure includes five million smokers, but also about 600,000 non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke.
- It is expected that, without any action, eight million people will die annually, by 2030. Over 80% of these deaths will be in low- and middle-income countries.
- Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 35 million people annually, 80% of which are in low- and middle-income countries. Tobacco is responsible for 1 out of 6 NCD deaths.
- 100 million people were killed by tobacco in the 20th century – as many as 1 billion are expected to die in the 21st century.
- Tobacco smoking is an important risk factor for tuberculosis, and can increase the risk of death of infected patients.
- Not only cigarettes kill. Smokeless tobacco products, such as chewing tobacco, are commonly used in many low- and middle-income countries, and also cause oral cancers, hypertension, and heart disease.
African Tobacco Control Consortium
The African Tobacco Control Consortium (ATCC) is a coalition of public health organizations focused on preventing a tobacco epidemic in Africa. The ATCC is coordinated by the American Cancer Society in partnership with the Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Africa Tobacco Control Alliance, Framework Convention Alliance, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. This five-year project is funded primarily through an $8 million grant awarded to the Society by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The American Cancer Society also contributes significant financial and human resources to this initiative.
The African Tobacco Control Consortium Project aims to promote evidence-based tobacco control programs and policies in sub-Saharan Africa to prevent an epidemic of tobacco-caused death and disease in the region. The Society supports the African partners through project management training, advocacy and research training, and connecting and empowering the African tobacco control community. The focus is on developing and implementing key policies outlined in the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control including: tobacco tax increases, advertising bans, graphic health warnings, and smoke-free public places.
ATCC's work is concentrated in 10 African countries:
- Benin
- Botswana
- Cameroon
- Congo-Brazzaville
- Gabon
- Gambia
The ATCC grants program, managed by the Society, is designed to meet the unique needs of each of these countries as they identify and implement programs to meet their tobacco control priorities.
ACS Global Tobacco Control Collaborations
The American Cancer Society has a long history of involvement with the global tobacco control movement. Today, we have key partnerships with several organizations to continue the collaborative efforts to fight tobacco.
Global Smokefree Partnership
For over 4 years, the American Cancer Society has been a partner of the Global Smokefree Partnership, a multi-partner initiative formed to promote effective smokefree air policies worldwide. The Partnership helps practitioners and advocates access evidence for smokefree policies, request assistance from a network of experts, and take action in support of smokefree policies. The Global Smokefree Partnership has over 300 members in over 100 countries worldwide. In 2008, the Partnership unveiled "Smokefree in a Box," a highly successful guide to help companies design and implement a 100 percent smokefree workplace. For more information on the Global Smokefree Partnership, please visit www.globalsmokefreepartnership.org.
Global Bridges – Health Care Alliance for Tobacco Dependence Treatment
Global Bridges is a worldwide science-based initiative created with the aim of uniting health care providers in their efforts to treat tobacco dependence while advocating for effective tobacco control policies. This collaborative partnership between the Mayo Clinic and the Society brings together health care providers with complementary expertise to build awareness about the harms of tobacco use, enhance access to proven treatment methods, adapt to regional needs, and increase the pace of skill development throughout each of the World Health Organization's six regions.
Past Collaborations
Beginning in 2000, the Society collaborated with the International Union Against Cancer to offer a Tobacco Control Fellowship Program, as well as Seed Grants to support the participation of tobacco control leaders from low- and middle-income countries in the World Health Conference on Tobacco or Health. After the adoption by the World Health Assembly of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003, the Society partnered withCancer Research UK and the International Union Against Cancer to launch the Global Advocacy for the FCTC grants initiative. This grant program aimed to support tobacco control advocates and their campaigns in favor of ratification and implementation of the FCTC in their respective countries. By 2009, the FCTC grants program had funded 67 grants to 46 organizations in 38 countries, where grantees have led successful campaigns for ratification and implementation of the FCTC.
The Society has developed key partnerships with various organizations in countries to develop and implement global initiatives, such as the "Travaillons sans fumée" or "Smoke-free at Work" Initiative in North Africa, the Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, and the tobacco control media advocacy strategy with the Vietnam Committee on Smoking and Health. In 2008, the Society worked with the China Ministry of Health and Chinese Center for Disease Control to support a smokefree Beijing Olympics.


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Good Afternoon. It has been an event-filled week. In Springfield, attention has focused on the fall session of the General Assembly, another meeting of our Assessment and Accountability Task Force, the November report of the Economic and Fiscal Commission, the release of the report of the After-School Initiative, and the dedication of the new Lincoln Presidential Library. In Chicago, the State Board met in an abbreviated session and the annual Triple I Conference provided an opportunity (which will continue throughout the weekend) for formal and informal learning experiences and the renewal of old friendships.
In todays message:
Triple I Opportunities
One final reminder that the State Boards Information
and Hospitality Room will be open all day Friday and Saturday, November 22 and
23. As in the past several years,
this is located in the Comiskey Room in the
In addition to key staff who will be available in the Comiskey Room to answer questions, several Board members and I will be there off and on throughout the two days. I will be there from 1-3 p.m. Saturday, and look forward to seeing many of you In addition, I will be making a presentation at on Saturday in the Sheraton 5 Ballroom, which is on the fifth floor.
General Assembly Actions
Although the General Assembly engaged in substantial
discussion about educational issues this week, including the
State Board Meeting Highlights
Culminating more than two years of study and planning, the State Board adopted a new five-year plan for learning technology and a new school district financial profile system. In addition, the Board approved a new NCATE Protocol and Partnership. Information about these important initiatives can be found at the State Board website http://www.isbe.net/board/meetings/nov02meeting/schedule.html
and in press releases at
http://www.isbe.net/news/2002/nov22-02b.htm (New System Provides More Accurate Reporting of School Finances)
http://www.isbe.net/news/2002/nov22-02.htm (State Board of Education Approves Five-Year Technology Plan)
States Fiscal Condition
The Economic and Fiscal Commission issued its monthly report on the states fiscal condition this week. That report, which can be accessed at http://www.legis.state.il.us/commission/ecfisc/ecfisc_home.html, forecasts that the state will collect only $415M more in tax revenue this year, down from the $800M it estimated last spring.
The immediate implications are for this years budget and spending. The Comptroller is holding hundreds of millions of state bills for weeks at a time and has insufficient cash flow to pay them in a reasonable period of time. This is despite the fact that the state has already borrowed $1 B for cash flow purposes. In addition, the Governor has asked state agencies (other than education) to identify $250 million in cuts that could be implemented, if needed, before he leaves office.
The IEFC reports that the economy remains depressed and appears unlikely to be able to generate the kind of funds that will allow the state to meet all of the budget demands for FY04. We could there fore face a potential $2B budget shortfall for the next fiscal year (FY04).
Another recent report, this one from a Chicago-based civic organization, calculated the FY 2002 deficit at $715 million and FY '03 (assuming constant spending and no increases in revenues) at $2.9 billion.
These projections will obviously translate into
difficult financial decisions during the FY04 budget process. During the December Board meeting, we
will provide the Board and the public with a report on the condition of
education in
Assessment and Accountability Task Force
The Task Force met again on Monday to begin its review
of your responses to the draft paper on changes to the state testing
system. We have received a great
many thoughtful comments and they are proving very helpful. If you have not already done so, please
take a look at the paper at http://www.isbe.net/aatf/pdf/assessprop.pdf
and get back to us with your reactions and suggestions by December 6. Email your comments to email@example.com, fax them to t he Task
Force at 217/524-4928 or mail them to our office in
The Task Force also discussed issues and options
associated with defining Adequate Yearly Progress for
No Child Left Behind Paraprofessionals
On November 15, the USDE released Draft Guidance for Title I Paraprofessionals. This Non-Regulatory Guidance is the most recent information available on the new paraprofessional requirements under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
The USDE document is
written in a question and answer format with specific information on the
assessment option, on targeted assistance vs. funding for school-wide
requirements, on
To access the USDEs Title I Paraprofessional Non-Regulatory Guidance, go to http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/SASA/paraguidance.doc.
No Child Left Behind Speakers Bureau
The State Board recently launched a Speakers Bureau to provide information statewide on how the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act affects schools and districts. The bureau is comprised of educators who have been trained in the workings of the laws new requirements. ISBE hopes that this new resource will help organizations and groups that are looking for on-site presentations on the new law.
To find out more about the Speakers Bureau, go to the NCLB website at www.isbe.net/nclb/speakersbureau. Potential speakers are listed by county and can be contacted by e-mail through the website.
Federal Student Aid Information
The U.S. Department of Education has modified its federal student aid site,FAFSA on the Web. making it even easier for needy students to use the free online application. In addition, a web-based resource has been developed that provides information specifically for students about the entire financial aid process, from considering which college to attend, to applying for aid, to repaying loans. We encourage you to review these sites, make your students aware of them, and take advantage of the opportunity to receive bulk quantities of related brochures, posters, etc. The sites are:
On-line application FASA on the Web www.fafsa.ed.gov
Student information www.studentaid.ed.gov
Bulk information www.edpubs.org/ml/ (you will need your ML number)
Free information about federal student aid can also be obtained by calling 1-800-4-FED-AID.
on Funding, Achievement and Teacher Gaps in
In an effort to continuously pass along the latest information to the field, ISBE produced a new CD, Educations Challenges: ISBE Programs and Resources, for the Triple I Conference. This new resource contains information on the three gaps: funding, achievement and teachers. In addition, each gap area includes information and frequently asked questions on No Child Left Behind.
For a copy of Educations Challenges: ISBE Programs and Resources, call ISBE at 217/782-4321.
After-School Task Force
This week, Linda Baker, Secretary of the Illinois Department of Human Services, and I released the report of the Illinois After-school Task Force. This group was formed as a result of a legislative resolution in May 2001, and it has spent the subsequent eighteen months determining the status of exiting after-school programs in the state, defining the goals and characteristics of programs needed for the future, and developing recommendations for next steps. Those recommendations include continuation of the After-school Initiative and development of a comprehensive system of out-of-school-time services across the state. The report is available on the internet at http://www.hmcdesign.com/icvp/post.html and a press release is available at http://www.dhs.state.il.us/headlines/2002-11-19-01.asp
No Message Next Week
Because of the holiday weekend, we will not have a Friday Message next Friday. I hope you all enjoy a safe and happy Thanksgiving.
Robert Schiller
State Superintendent
of Education


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My 7 month old has been very inconsistent in the amount of EBM she drinks during the day at daycare. She has 3 bottles while she's there, about every 3 hours or so. She used to finish them every time. I was putting 6-7 oz in each. Over the past month or so, she'll sometimes leave as much as 3.5 oz in a bottle! They offer it to her a few times over the course of an hour from when she starts it and she still leaves some - sometimes 1oz (no biggie) and sometimes 3.5, like I said! And it's not always the same bottle times that she doesn't each as much, so I haven't been able to pin it down to being a "not too hungry" time of day. (Yesterday she only finished 1 and left 3.5 in one and 3 in another!) I haven't worried too much about it, though, since she's growing, wetting, dirtying diapers, etc, and a generally happy, very active kid. :)
We've started introducing solids now and her weird bottle habits haven't changed. This has been her typical schedule:
~6:30am nurse
~8:00 solids at daycare (~2tbs cereal, 2oz fruit or veg.)
~9:30 bottle
~12:30 bottle
~3:30 bottle
~5:00 solids at home (sometimes)
~6:00/6:30 nurse
~7:30 nurse
sometimes wake up once in the night and nurse
The other day, though, she woke up earlier and nursed and was about due for another BM feeding when we got to daycare, so I asked them to give her a bottle instead of solids for "breakfast" and get her her solids later in the day. We had a little miscommunication about spacing the solids feeding so that her bottles would still be every 3 hours, but this is what her schedule looked like that day:
5am nurse
8:15am bottle (finished it)
napped from 10-11:30 (long for her) then was fed solids at about 11:45
1:15 bottle (left only about 1oz)
4:00 bottle (finished it)
6:30 nurse
7:30 nurse
I can't remember what her overnight was like that night.
Anyway, I was a little upset that she had gone 5 hours between bottle feedings and then I looked closer and realized she had basically finished all of them. :yikes I'm wondering if I should adjust her schedule to look more like that day, since she drank more EBM, but I just don't know. Is 5 hours too long between bottles or is it ok since she had solids in between? I'm not sure how this is supposed to work!
Also, she doesn't usually wake up to eat at 5am, so it would be more like 6 or 6:30 for that first feeding, which may push everything a little later (?) and turn into one less bottle/nurse... I'm not sure.
Maybe I'm over thinking this, since it was just one day and she may not repeat eat like that again even if we try that schedule again. :shrug
Ugh, I just don't know what I should do... what are your thoughts?


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Talk about multitasking. An Oklahoma man married his longtime girlfriend moments after being sentenced to prison on gun charges.
Oklahoma County Judge Jerry Bass sentenced Larry Austin to four years in federal prison on the firearm charges, then minutes later performed the marriage ceremony, according to The Associated Press.
Austin and his girlfriend, Dustie Dawn Trojack, had obtained a marriage license earlier in the day accompanied by two sheriff's deputies.
Trojack's two children attended the short ceremony, and the pair was able to share a kiss before Austin was whisked away by federal authorities, The Oklahoman reported.
It was a first for Bass.
"It's what we do as judges," he told The Oklahoman. "We conduct legal business, and from time to time we conduct marriages."


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A trip to the Oktoberfest grounds took local students to a different part of the world Wednesday.
Third graders from La Crosse learned about German heritage and culture at the LHI Festplatz, located at the north side grounds. Their teachers were German students from Logan High School.
They sang German songs, learned about the country's tradition, and made some German treats like Ice Cream Spaghetti. "They know a lot about the language, they know a lot about the culture and now it's their turn to give back to the community and share their knowledge and everything they've learned," said Logan H.S. German teacher Ashley Knutson.
"It's lots of German stuff here that I know and it's really fun and kind of remembering home," said German student Judith Schnittcher.


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Packing list for Georgia
|Packing List for [[{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |3}} {{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |4}} {{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |5}}]]
|These lists has been compiled by Volunteers serving in [[{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |3}} {{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |4}} {{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |5}}]] based on their experience. Use it as an informal guide in making your own list, bearing in mind that experience is individual. There is no perfect list!
|[[Image:Flag_of_{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |3}}{{#if:{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |4}}|_{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |4}}|}}{{#if:{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |5}}|_{{#explode:Packing list for Georgia| |5}}|}}.svg|50px|none]]
See also:
For information see Welcomebooks
This list has been compiled with the assistance of Volunteers serving in Georgia. Use it as an informal guide in making your own list, bearing in mind that experience is individual. There is no perfect list! You obviously cannot bring everything we mention, so consider those items that make the most sense to you personally and professionally. As you decide what to bring, keep in mind that you have a 100 pound weight restriction on baggage. And remember, you can get almost everything you need in Georgia.
General Clothing
Volunteers in Georgia may come unprepared for the flexibility between rural and urban dress. Living in the regions will require you to dress professionally and fairly modestly. Professional dress at your site means clean and conservative—not necessarily dress suits or coats and ties. Georgians tend to wear black and other dark colors. It is not necessary for you to eliminate bright colors from your wardrobe; just be aware that they will make you stand out. Winters are quite cold and classrooms and offices are often not heated. Think warm clothes for the cold winters and cool clothing for the hot summers.
- Loosely tailored pants
- Skirts and dresses for both warm and cold weather
- Long- and short-sleeved button-down shirts
- Wool or cotton sweaters
- Tailored jackets
- Tights and stockings (good quality are difficult to find in Georgia) 81
- Solid, sturdy shoes and boots for rough terrain and mud
- A warm winter coat, either of wool or down
- Two sets of long underwear that can be worn under dress wear
- Couple of pairs of good gloves (more if you are prone to losing them)
- Wool socks (many pairs)
- shorts or capries ( for spring and summer)
Women's clothing is available at various shops, boutiques, and markets, but good quality is expensive and styles are limited.
- Khakis and casual-dress pants (avoid light-colored khakis, as these show stains very easily)
- Long-sleeved button-down shirts (light and heavy materials for climate changes)
- Sports jackets
- Belts and dress socks (these are available in-country) and a few ties
- Sturdy shoes
- Two sets of long underwear
- Wool socks (many pairs)
- Couple of pairs of good gloves
- Warm coat (wool or down)
Men's clothing is readily available in Georgia at retail shops and markets, but good quality is expensive.
Note: You will need to prioritize to meet the weight limitations.
Depending on your region or placement, your heating may be very limited or close to non-existent. A hot water bottle is a good thing to consider taking from home.
- Luggage, such as duffel bags and hiking backpacks, should be tough and flexible. When choosing luggage, remember that you will be hauling it in and out of taxis, minibuses, trains, and often carrying it around on foot. Bring luggage that is durable, lightweight, and easy to carry.
- Good-quality backpack, daypack, or messenger bag
- Prescription drugs: A three-month supply
- Eyeglasses—two pairs, since replacements take several months to arrive from the United States. Contact lens supplies are not available in Georgia and are not supplied by the Peace Corps.
- Sunglasses
- Rechargeable batteries and rechargers
- Poncho/raincoat and folding umbrella
- Camera and film (film and processing are readily available)
- Musical instruments (with music books and spare parts as needed)
- Sewing items (iron-on mending tape, straight and safety pins, etc.)
- Several good flashlights (of different sizes) and accompanying batteries
- Headlamp (for outhouses, outages, dark stairwells, dark streets)
- Small, battery-powered alarm clock
- CD player and CDs or MP3 player or iPod. A variety of Russian, American, and European music is available cheaply in Tbilisi, though much of it is pirated and not of very good quality.
- Favorite books (PC does have books in the lounge), including a dictionary
- Lots of pictures of home (photos, postcards, etc.) for yourself and to share with friends, students
- U.S. stamps and envelopes (for sending mail with friends who happen to make a return trip to the United States)
- Swiss Army, Leatherman, or an equivalent multipurpose knife
- Journal, diary, or schedule book
- Small retractable tape measure (inch/centimeter)
- Good can opener
- Maps of the United States and the world (good teaching aids) and wall-hangings
- Inexpensive gifts (toys, jewelry, perfume, magazines, books, pencils, key chains, etc.)
- Games (e.g., Scrabble, chess, Trivial Pursuit)
- Baseball, football, Frisbee, hackeysack, or other "American" sports equipment
- Ziploc storage bags
- Polypropylene, wool, and cotton sock and glove liners
- Warm gloves, hats, scarfs, and boots
- Spices (your favorites may be difficult to locate, especially in winter)
- Some supplies if you like to bake or cook (things like baking powder, cinnamon, vanilla, are difficult to find locally)


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Sullivan County's Cathy Paty really is a country girl!
January 9, 2013 —
BETHEL, NY — Born and raised in Sullivan County, Sullivan Chamber of Commerce VP Cathy Paty is most at home in the Catskills (www.catskills.com), but currently she's expanding her horizons, with an eye on the home of country music—Nashville, TN. "Bethel, NY is, and always will be, my home," Paty said in an interview with The River Reporter, "but I've been blessed with an amazing opportunity, and I'm going for it." An active member of the community, Paty takes her job with the chamber "very seriously" but has outside interests as well, and music has always played a "huge part" in her life. "It all started with the school choir and I spent summers singing with the DVO (www.delawarevalleyopera.org) at 13." Talent shows and a love of pop music propelled the young Cathy, and she continued to sing after high school with the St. Joseph Parish church choir in the Mongaup Valley.
After graduating from Sullivan County Community College with a degree in web design, Paty married, had her daughter, Lila, and found her career path intertwined with the chamber in Monticello. "Any thoughts of pursuing a music career were put on hold for a few years," Paty said, "but after my marriage dissolved, I found time to sing karaoke around town in Kauneonga Lake (www.luzonstation.com), in Monticello (www.riveredgerestaurant.com) and Smallwood (www.facebook.com/pages/Friends-Pub)." Luzon Proprietor Patti Greco Sunshine was one of the judges at the Sullivan Star Search in 2009 and encouraged Paty to continue singing. "She's incredibly talented, and pretty tough, so I was flattered."


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The Baby Girl Teddy Bear personalized 2 tier square baby shower diaper cake is made up of the best ingredients a new mom-to-be could ask for. Arriving completely assembled and packaged in decorative tulle with a matching Baby Girl Teddy Bear gift tag, this adorable baby shower gift is effortless and stress-free (for both you and the mommy). Make it special for the new Mommy-To-Be by adding a personalized phrase such as "Mommy + Daddy = Baby" or "Ashley's Baby Shower." Our Baby Girl Teddy Bear personalized 2 tier square diaper cake will be adored by all. Mommy will love it, the guests will rave about it, and you'll be pleased with your thoughtful gift selection.
Baby Girl Teddy Bear - 2 Tier Personalized Square Baby Shower Diaper Cake
Here are some examples our customers have used as personalization on their cakes:


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A recognition program to encourage participation and work in council alumni relations programs; areas of work include alumni identification/promotion, alumni engagement, personal participation, and education.
Presented to, mentors of council alumni programs.
Upon submission and approval by the local council alumni committee, applications are forwarded to the National Alumni Relations Committee for approval; those approved will be sent a certificate that can be used to purchase a square knot and/or lapel pin from the Scout shop.
Knot, worn on any field uniform above the left pocket; lapel pin for civilian wear.
Knot, No. 611866; lapel pin, No. 612901
Click here for more information


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Medallion Embroidered Bustier
Style: 570073638
Out of Stock
Satiny bustier boasts lustrous allover embroidery and grosgrain ribbon trim. Shell: 57% Cotton, 43% Rayon. Lining: 100% Polyester. Dry clean. Imported.
- Hourglass fit.
- Includes removable, adjustable straps. Boning. Inner silicone/elastic band prevents shifting. Hidden side zip with hook and eye closure. Side vents.
- Fully lined.
- Length: 22".
Read more… Read less…


text:
Lawn Maintenance and much, much more
We can make your property look beautiful and clean! Yard clean up, Shurb Pruning and trimming.Leaf removal, Snow removal, dethatching, aerating. If you have something you want done, chances are we can do it,just shoot us an email.
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Due to climate change, University of Hawaii researchers Kolja Rotzoll and Chip Fletcher say sea levels have been slowly increasing around the world.
According to the UH study, the sea could rise a foot by the year 2050 and three feet by the end of the century . UH scientists say this increase in ocean water, could cause coastal flooding and cause the groundwater to rise at the same time.
"The freshwater body is less dense than the salt water and it floats on the salt water but as soon the sea level rises, the freshwater level will rise as well," said UH researcher Kolja Rotzoll.
Scientists say if the sea level were to rise, the inundation from the ground flooding would be more widespread than marine flooding.
"The distance of one kilometer (.62 miles) from the coastline about ten percent of that area will be inundated if the sea level rises by one meter (3 feet), in the entire area between Diamond Head and Pearl Harbor." said Rotzoll.
However, engineers at the Board of Water supply say the threat is still decades away and may not be as drastic as the study shows.
"It will get that much closer to the bottom of our wells but I think we still have enough distance from the bottom of the well and the between the fresh water and salt water that we're OK." said Ernest Lau with the Board of Water Supply.
Engineers from the board are taking the findings seriously. They are closely monitoring the wells, especially in low-lying areas, just in case there is a flux in the freshwater readings
"As we watch the changes between the salinity of our drinking water and see drastic changes then we'll have to see about relocating wells further inland," said Lau.
The UH researchers did the study on the south shore of Oahu, but say the groundwater inundation could happen in any low lying area around the state.


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This would be a dream!!Sources close to the Knicks say the team needs to make a coaching change to replace Mike D'Antoni.
Stephen A. Smith said on ESPN that he would be surprised if D'Antoni isn't replaced within the next few days.
Phil Jackson has been frequently mentioned as a successor, but Jerry Sloan could also be a candidate.
Sources say Sloan would be interested in coaching the Knicks. Several teams pursued Sloan this past summer.
Read more: [Only registered and activated users can see links. ]
Sloan would make STAT shed a tear, I have no doubts about it.
I'm fine with Sloan or Phil.
Guess if I was simple in the mind...everything would be fine.
Sloan with his army like discipline? Lamelo getting benched right after he broke a play? Amare getting buried in the doghouse because of playing soft? I would love to see Sloan throwing some punches at our primadonnas!
Has any of stat's teamate told him to stop crying,yet?
Stop crying stat!
Sloan's strict demand of discipline is going to be a huge gamble for the Knicks, our two "superstars" in particular. There is going to be two possible outcomes to come out of this hiring, (1) Melo and STAT commit to the coach, buy in to the system, and give 100% effort on both ends of the floor. Or, (2) They prove their one-dimensional label and end up as "cancers" to the team. This will make their trade value plummet and **** over the Knicks organization for years to come.
Signature created by AmareforPresident
it went very well last time we had Lenny Wilkens and Larry Brown
image courtesy amareisreal
It's when he's "spacing" the court that he looks to be in agony and starts creeping to the elbow, and THEN is the play broken.
People...I don't know if it's a "I want to hate these guys" attitude, or a straight up lack of knowledge of what's happening....but this is mind boggling, lol.
Melo's destroying spacing for the 1-5 PnR, and bringing and extra defender toward the paint, that can easily trap Lin, is what demolishes the offense.
Sloan runs a 4-1 motion offense, (4 out, 1 in). You can feature your 3 and 4 on the same side of the court in that offense. The only thing is, STAT would have a ton of responsibilities in the low post in the 4-1, and I dunno if he's a good enough passer, or has the post game that would force doubles on the catch, instead of defenders staying at home on their man and waiting for STAT to make a move before bringing help....if it's needed.
We saw Philly let Brand take him one on one for the majority of a play, where he drove baseline, had to reverse and go middle, THEN the double came, he passed the ball, and they had to reset the offense. Wasted time on the possession.
Guess if I was simple in the mind...everything would be fine.
Sloan would be one of the candidates for sure but I doubt they hire him this season. Is it a reasonable business decision to fire the coach in the month of March when the season ends in April particularly when the coach is a lame duck coach with his contract ending. Unlike Steven A. I would be shocked if they fired D'Antoni before the season ended.
Please god let it be true that Dumbphoney will be gone within the next couple of days. Then we might actually get a coach who believes that you need to run plays for basketball players to be able to play basketball.
If it comes to a choice then Dolan would surely get rid of Dumbphoney rather than `Melo. If `Melo went as well I wouldn`t shed a tear. I`m sick of seeing his lack of any kind of effort or commitment.


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Advanced Search or
Home > Online Education
WEF is pleased to announce the creation of free LinkedIn groups associated with its technical discussion forum topics. Through these LinkedIn groups, members will be able to view and participate in discussions, as well as communicate with one another via direct messages. Share your experiences and knowledge, ask questions and respond to other discussions as frequently as you like!
You must have a LinkedIn profile to join a LinkedIn group; you can create your profile here. If you already have a LinkedIn profile, all you need to do is submit a request to join one or all of the following groups:
Water Environment Federation (Main) | Biosolids | Collection Systems | Nutrients | Stormwater Utility Management | Water Reuse | Water for Jobs | Watershed Management | Laboratory Practices
WEF Discussion Forums
Biological Nutrient Removal
ORP vs. Total Nitrogen Removal
We use the MLE activated sludge process. Recently we installed an ORP monitoring probe (HACH) in the anoxic tank and connected it to our SCADA system. It has raised a lot of process questions.
Our question is: why does the ORP go from around -150 during the day to -70 and closer to zero at night?
Our final effluent ammonia is running between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/l (Nov) and effluent nitrate has been 1.7 to 2.7 mg/l(Nov). Our RAS return rate has varied from approx. 65% to 90% Q.
Any enlightment on ORP would be of great help.
Thanks in advance.
ORP is oxidation-reduction Potential
When ammonia is oxidized you will see a positive mV reading.
When nitrate is reduced you will see a negative mV reading.
There are several papers and web sites that expound on the wonders of ORP usage in wastewater. Usually between -100 to -250 you get biological phosphorous release, between -50 to -250 hydrogen sulfide formation, between -100 to -225 acid formation(fermentation). YSI has an overview of ORP in an application note on their web site. The note is titled "ORP Management in Wastewater as an Indicator of Process Efficiency" and their site is http://www.ysi.com/media/pdfs/A567-ORP-Management-in-Wastewater-as-an-Indicator-of-Process-Efficiency.pdf.
This is not unusual in a continuous flow activated sludge process such as the MLE. The phenomenon is related to the metabolic activity of the RAS entering the anoxic zone. In other work this can be measured as OUR or an OUR equivalent such as the Potential Oxygen Utilization Rate (POUR).In an SBR operation the rate of reduction of the ORP during an air off sequence is directly related to its OUR (the stored intracellular organics). The same situation occurs in the anoxic zone of an MLE configuration.You probably also have a higher DO in the RAS during the lower ORP periods.
What is the HRT in the anoxic zone?
The situation you are referring to is harnessed and used commercially for simultaneous nitrification denitrification operation in modified SBRs.
Less negative ORP's observed could be related to recycle flows (RAS and IMLR). If recycle flow rates are not paced to wastewater flow, more highly oxidized mixed liquor (higher ORP value) will be a greater proportion of the flow through the anoxic zone. Is this consistent with your operation?
Cheers, RS


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Zapthink has referenced a TechTarget survey completed in February by SearchSOA.com and TheServerSide.com. Topics are SOA, BPM, and Cloud. Respondents (376, total) comprised a mix of developers, architects, C-level execs, managers, consultants and others. Potentially useful statistics for use in spring plan / marketing plans. Text below.
See full article! http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid26_gci1351532,00.html
Some highlights:
* SOA is in fact motoring forward. Among the survey respondents, 49% said their organization has one or more SOA projects under way, and 60% characterize their current or future SOA projects as enterprise level as opposed to departmental/divisional level (21%), or single, isolated projects (19%).
* Interest and uptick in Business Process Management with 29.7% of respondents marking BPM as one of the critical areas for their organization's technology efforts. At the same time, 35.8% respondents counted Business Process Management software among the types of infrastructure software currently used, with 38% planning to use it in the future.
* Grid/cloud software is now used by 17% of respondents, with 38% planning to use grid/cloud in the future.
*Today's SOA projects are largely about integration. The top benefits organizations hope to achieve are improved data integration (32%), enable legacy application integration (32%) and integrated disparate department applications (23%), followed by cost cutting (21%). Staying competitive (8.4%) and driving innovation (8%) tracked low on the expected benefits list.
*Those not doing SOA said it was because of skills.
* Governance is becoming more and more popular as an issue.
Happy Reading!!!!


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Spokane is a destination for wine. Including Nectar Tasting Room, 26 wineries call Spokane home. Whether you are a local who is exploring the region one sip at a time, or you're visiting for conventions, golf, travel, skiing or more, you need to take a moment and get a sip of Spokane. Explore the majestic views and award winning wines at Arbor Crest. See pioneer Mike Conway of Latah Creek. Spend the afternoon in Greenbluff picking fruit and sipping wine. Relax with a sip overlooking Liberty Lake at Liberty Lake Wine Cellars. Go urban with amazing boutique wineries like Ovebluff, Barili, Vintage Hill, Robert Karl, Whitestone, Nodland Cellars and Grande Ronde. Take a trip through time in historic facilities at Barrister, Caterina, Lone Canary, and Knipprath. Finally, celebrate life in the foothills of Mt Spokane at Mountain Dome.
If you\'re a local or visiting Spokane, stay current on local wine events, tasting room happenings and reviews on this page!
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|1. Arbor Crest– Arbor Crest is Spokane\'s largest and most iconic winery. The Arbor Crest historic Cliff House looms high on a hilltop overlooking the Spokane Valley. Arbor Crest is Spokane\'s most widely distributed wine.
**First Friday Participant**
|2. Barili Cellars – One of Spokane's newest wineries located at 608 W. 2ndAve
**First Friday Participant**
|3. Barrister Winery –Barrister is located in a 25,000 sq ft 100 year old building in downtown Spokane at 1213 W Railroad Ave. Started by two lawyer friends as a hobby, Barrister now produces nearly 3000 cases of quality red wine!
**First Friday Participant**
|4. Caterina Winery –Historic Broadmore Dairy building with winemaker Don Townshend. Located conveniently at 905 N. Washington
**First Friday Participant**
|5. Grande Ronde –Quality wines (four 90+ point wines) located near the Davenport Hotel at 905 W. 2nd Ave
**First Friday Participant**
|6. Knipprath Cellars –Located in a historic schoolhouse and producing unique WA Wine (Pinot Noir, Port and more) at 5634 E Commerce Ave.
|7. Latah Creek –Spokane's oldest winery with a broad selection of white, sweet white and quality red wines. Visit them at 13030 E Indiana in the Spokane Valley
|8. Liberty Lake Wine Cellars –One of Spokane's newest wineries located on beautiful Liberty Lake. Stop by their tasting room at 1018 S. Garry Rd in Liberty Lake
|Mike Scott (in the video) is the original founder of Lone Canary. He has moved on from this position and the winery is now owned by Don Townshend.
|9. Lone Canary –The little yellow canary continues to fly in a new location and under new ownership. Lone Canary shares tasting room space at 905 N Washington along with Caterina Winery.
**First Friday Participant**
|10. Mountain Dome –Spokane's only sparkling wine producer! They are located in North East Spokane at 16315 E Temple Rd.
|11. Nodland Cellars –Spokane's smallest boutique winery. One white and one red produced annually. Visit Nodland in the Valley at 11616 E Montgomery.
|12. Overbluff Cellars –Overbluff Cellars began in 2006 when winemakers John Caudill and Gerald Gibson partnered to create world class Cabernet Sauvignons, feeling successful in this endeavor the mission continues with exciting new wines including Syrah, Merlot, Viognier, and Semillion.
|13. Robert Karl Cellars –Boutique and hand crafted wines that are annually receiving high marks at wine shows and in wine magazines. Stop by and say, \"Hi\" to Rebecca and Joe at 115 W. Pacific.
|14. Townshend Cellars –The 10 mile drive North is well worth it!
|Not on Map: Trezzi Farm.Trezzi Farm is a vineyard and a restaurant. Stop by their tasting room and stay for dinner 17700 N. Dunn Rd in Green Bluff
|15. Vintage Hill Cellars –One of Spokane's newest wineries in the heart of downtown Spokane. Vintage Hill is located at 319 W. 2nd Ave
**First Friday Participant**
|16. Whitestone Winery –Wilbur WA vineyard and vintner with new tasting room in downtown Spokane at 111 S. Cedar.
**First Friday Participant**
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At Dillard's, we implemented a security program to ensure that a human is trying to enter our site and not a computer. If you have any questions, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you want to pay your bill, please visit Dillards.com/payonline.
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Learn More
High PD activity ...
... lead to uncovering a critical problem - the incorrectly installed wedges
Company: Midwest US Utility
Ratings: 173 MW, 18 kV, Hydrogen Cooled Turbine Generator, 3 years in operation
Manufacturer: Confidential
Related Info: 25 years old
PD Sensors: Two bus couplers per phase
Case Study Details:"... With the high H2 pressure (30-35 psig) the [PD] levels were expected to be very low but instead were very high after only a year of operation. We initially expected to find problems with the couplers as we did not believe the results..."
Click here to read more
High PD activity (slot discharge)...
...was a foresign of an upcoming failure
Company: Western Canadian Utility
Ratings: 184 MVA, 13.8 kV, Air Cooled Hydro Generator
Manufacturer: Confidential
Related Info: 25 years old
PD Sensors: Four PDA Couplers per phase
Case Study Details: The PD data for this unit has been trended for over ten years. In 1995, semi-conducting paint and CRTV were injected into selected bars ...
Intelligent on-line signature analysis...
...revealed broken rotor bars
Company: A large utility in the US northeast
Ratings: 3000hp, 6.6kV 1785rpm Motor
Manufacturer: Confidential
Case Study Details: The suspicion arose from a constant hum during motor operation and abnormal vibration levels during start-up and running. The plant vibration monitoring system did not have the ability to zoom...
High level system PD noise...
...uncovered a well-developed tracking
Company: Italian utility
Ratings: 390 MW, 20kV, Hydrogen Cooled Turbine Generator
Manufacturer: Confidential
Related Info: Installed in 1970
PD Sensors: Two Bus Couplers per phase
Case Study Details: During a partial discharge measurement using the TGA-B portable instrument, high levels of PD activity (over 3000mV position, well above the highest range, see Figure 1) were detected on the C phase outside...
Reading Instability...
...uncovered internal bad connection on a new transformer
Company: US North-West utility
Ratings: 45 MVA power transformer
Manufacturer: Confidential
A customer was commissioning a new 45 MVA power transformer delivered by an overseas manufacturer. During the test, ADWEL's Digital Winding Resistance ReporteR, DWR-10, was consistently issuing a warning of current interruptions, and did not complete the test. Another DWR-10 instrument was used with similar outcome. All other standard measurements, including TTR, Tan-Delta and insulation resistance indicated acceptable resistance value.
Nevertheless, the customer drained the oil and inspected the transformer to detect that the windings on all 3 phases were not properly secured to the bushings. Had the transformer been energized, a catastrophic failure could have occurred.
Click here to learn more on DWR-10
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Bio-Rad disposable cuvettes are molded from polystyrene, making them ideal for use with the Bio-Rad protein assay, the DC protein assay, and the RC DC protein assay. They adsorb less Coomassie Blue dye than glass cuvettes and much less than quartz cuvettes. Assays can be mixed directly in the cuvette and the volume of reagents can be cut in half, yielding twice as many assays per kit.
Bio-Rad standard cuvettes hold up to 3.5 ml, allowing assays to be mixed directly in the cuvette. Bio-Rad semimicrovolume 1.5 ml cuvettes are ideal for working with smaller volumes.
Both standard and semimicrovolume cuvettes are sized to fit most spectrophotometers. The cuvettes have smooth optical surfaces for consistent and accurate readings and the nonoptical walls are grooved for an easy grip and to provide orientation.
What is the education discount policy?
For more than 15 years, Bio-Rad has made science education a major priority. To support this effort, the company has implemented a discount policy that allows high school and college teaching laboratories to purchase kits, instruments, reagents, and other equipment at preferred prices.
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If you are an educator at the high school or college level, visit our Education Discount Policy page to establish an education account number.
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Before getting a vaccination for yourself or your child, there are certain questions you might want to ask your doctor to clear up any concerns.
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While immunizations are something we usually associate with babies and young children, adults need immunizations, too.
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In the context of prenatal screening various examinations are carried out in order to detect early fetal abnormalities or chromosomal aberrations (trisomy 21). These include, among other things, blood tests and ultrasound examination (nuchal translucency measurement). By using the B·R·A·H·M·S Fast Screen pre I plus V 1.3 an individual risk regarding the most common chromosomal anomalies is calculated from various input parameters such as maternal age, gestational age, blood and ultrasound results as well as the medical history. The results of this combined analysis serve as a basis for further diagnostic measures.
With the Update B·R·A·H·M·S Fast Screen pre I plus V 1.3 is not only applicable for the first and second trimester screening but also for the so-called Integrated Sequential Screening. The results of the ultrasound examination in the first trimester (nuchal translucency measurement) are combined with the results of the blood tests in the second trimester. The license key for the first trimester and the Integrated Sequential Screening is only made available to doctors who are certified by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF-Germany). Furthermore, the software offers the advantage of exporting the results into Excel, extracting data from the laboratory-information-system or saving them there. By that, the laboratory organization is optimized.
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Proposed license fee hike gets mixed reviews
ST. CLAIRSVILLE – Belmont County Commissioners held the first of two public hearings Tuesday to discuss a proposed $10 increase in license plate fees.
County Engineer Fred Bennett noted that each registration will cost an additional 83 cents monthly, or less than three cents per day.
Belmont County has 308 miles of roadways to maintain, along with 280 bridges located on these county highways and township roads. This requires employees, equipment and materials.
Due to the economy, income in 2012 was $181,500 less than that received in 2007. Some outside funds are also received from the Federal Highway Administration and Ohio Public Works Commission.
Meanwhile, the cost of doing business has risen steadily this past decade. An example is the cost of paving one mile of highway 20 feet wide has risen from $29,500 in 2003 to $65,400 in 2012. The construction cost index has risen close to 30 percent during that period.
"Our roads need resurfaced," said Bennett, adding that the last paving of any county highway was during 2012 when 1.5 miles of County Highway 4 was resurfaced, paid 100 percent by a local coal company.
He related other projects. The last time county funds were used entirely to pave a county highway was 2008, involving portions of County Highways 30 and 214, totaling only 2.48 miles. Prior to that, the county paved five to 10 miles yearly.
Meanwhile, the county's bridge problem continues. Although 10-15 bridges have been replaced per year during the past decade, 80 bridges cannot carry legal loads and are posted with load limits between 32 tons and four tons. Half of them cannot carry school buses, emergency vehicles, and fuel trucks.
"We are able to replace small bridges, 10-50 foot spans with our employees, but larger bridges must be replaced by private contractors, most are funded by OPWC or FEMA, which costs between $500,000-$1,200,000. These bridges require a local match of 20-26 percent of contract costs."
Bennett outlined cost-saving efforts from his department. The department has 25 dump trucks with more than half purchased prior to 2000 and only eight with less than 100,000 miles. About half of the department's heavy equipment was purchased prior to 2000.
Bennett concluded that the Bureau of Motor Vehicles delivered an estimate based on 2011 registration determining $536,006 will be raised by enacting the increased fee. The 16 townships will receive $141,384 and 12 of the 14 municipalities will receive $59,910. Due to part year registrations, they recommend for budget purposes they use 85 percent of the amount.
"This will not solve all of our problems, but it will be of great benefit," he said.
Guests spoke out in support and opposition.
Michael Bianconi, Pease Township Trustee and former county commissioner, also speaking on behalf of the Township Trustee Association, voiced support of the measure. He praised the hard work of the road and bridge crew and said the motion was necessary.
"We need the funds to do their job," he said.
Frank Papini of Bridgeport recognized the need but could not totally agree, noting the extra burden on those with fixed incomes. He said there should be a greater effort on generating other revenues from the oil industry and as attempting to tap into the state's rainy day fund. He pointed out Monroe Township, Pennsylvania, which he said received $271,000 from the state from drill sites. He said the oil companies' truck drivers put considerable wear on the roads.
"Make them pay their fair share," he said.
Ed Hood of Shadyside illustrated the situation of many residents, pointing out that he is on Social Security and facing mounting expenses, the loss of health insurance and the need to purchase his own. He noted his increased property taxes, electric bill, car and homeowner's insurance, combined with more levies on the ballot. This has meant he and his wife dipping into their savings for necessities.
"Everybody's running out of money, but it falls back on the ones who can afford it the least," he said. "We've been married 57 years and we can't take care of ourselves anymore."
St.?Clairsville businessman John Swan concurred with his own examples. He added that financial burdens are shared by all. He suggested a tax for businesses that utilize vehicles.
Frank Schaeffer, Pultney Township trustee, was in favor. He said the measure was the cheapest option available. He cited the need for services.
Robert Vincenzo, mayor of St. Clairsville, speaking as a private citizen, voiced support due to the need for safety, asking that people compare the cost incurred by an accident due to poor roads.
Commissioner Matt Coffland said there was some paving activity in the western part of the county where oil and gas industry was active. He shared first-hand knowledge of the poor state of the bridges and roads. The road paving program had to be given up to try and maintain the bridges.
"If we do not do something soon, a lot of our paved roads are going to be back to gravel roads," he said, adding that in the last three years the county was appropriated $17-18 million from the $22 million the year prior. He added that the Township Association agreed to turn over the Issue 2 project to the commissioners to apply for up to $390,000 in grants to pave some county roads.
"The money that is missing from this county has not been lost, it's been taken by the state," said Commissioner Ginny Favede. "To brag that we're sitting on a $2 billion rainy day fund while our schools are struggling and our townships are down (building and lights)."
She underlined the need to avoid complacency and continue pressing the state for the return of local government funds now that the state is stable.
Michael Wahl, deputy county engineer, said many bridges cannot support the weight of a fire truck and replacement efforts cannot keep up.
"If there are people in this county near and dear to your heart, for safety's sake alone we need to do something with these bridges and we need to do it quickly," he said.
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Skate Park of Tampa giveaway.Our friends over at the Skate Park of Tampa have hooked up a new Foundation giveaway that we're going to make you work for. Be prepared to put your scavenger hunting skillz on! Go check out www.skateparkoftampa.com for more details.
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text: PlanToys® are made from natural rubber wood trees that no longer produce latex. To strengthen the wood, PlanToys® uses a chemical-free kiln-drying process. PlanToys® are assembled using a certified E-Zero formaldehyde free glue in place of traditional wood glue. PlanToys® commits itself to find the best eco-friendly materials. The organic colors used are not only good for children but also for our environment. Quality Assurance testing is conducted with state of the art equipment at an on-site laboratory prior to sending toys out for third party international testing. All PlanToys® products exceed international safety standards including both ASTM (USA) and EN71 (Europe).


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Freedom Newspapers
Despite a belated recognition that most Americans care more about lost jobs and the faltering economy than an effort to increase government control over one-sixth of the economy, President Barack Obama has made passage of some sort of health care revision his signature issue.
He wants something he can sign by early next year — with any luck early enough so as not to endanger the re-election prospects of Democratic legislators on shaky electoral ground.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada has taken the point position on this phase of the effort. He managed to hold his Democrats together long enough to get a vote to open debate on the bill, but after that most bets are off.
Votes on the first of many amendments came last week, and brought the first touch of irony, though it was hardly a surprise.
The only way Senate Democrats can pretend that adding a slew of entitlements and mandates to the already convoluted health care system won't send deficits through the roof is to include provisions that will cut more than $400 billion from Medicare costs over 10 years.
So Republicans, who routinely claim that Obamacare is the first step on the road to socialized medicine, have decided to defend every penny slated to be spent on Medicare, the closest thing to actual socialized medicine in the current health care "system."
Sen. John McCain's amendment to eliminate Medicare cuts was defeated Friday, 58-42.
The political explanation for this total abandonment of principle is simple: Medicare is in place, and most seniors believe they depend on it and may be vulnerable to demagogy — which explains why those of us who would prefer reforms slanted toward more consumer control through market mechanisms rather than more government intrusion hope this bill eventually fails.
Once a "benefit" is in place, it becomes an entitlement almost impossible to displace.
Because of Senate rules, 60 votes will be necessary for final passage, and this early test vote suggests they won't be easy to come by. Four Democratic senators viewed as "moderate" have concerns about aspects of the current bill, especially the "public option" and whether taxpayer-subsidized insurance plans should cover abortion.
Conversely, some Senate liberals say they won't vote for a bill that doesn't include a public option or includes restrictions on abortion funding. They will probably ask for and get concessions whose implications we won't know about until months after the bill passes, if it passes.
Liberals argue that President Obama ran on a platform of expanding health insurance, and they're obligated to deliver. But attitudes about expanding government programs have changed since the president was inaugurated. As of Friday, according to Pollster.com, the composite of recent polls on President Obama's handling of health care, which is a pretty good proxy for attitudes toward the legislation currently under consideration, shows 43.4 percent approving and 49.2 percent disapproving.
Even if sentiments were similarly split in the other direction, such a deep division among Americans argues for abandoning the proposals currently under serious consideration and developing a different, more modest, or even more market-oriented approach.


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IOC: 2020 Madrid Olympic bid costs `attainable' AP Photo AK103By HAROLD HECKLE
The Associated Press | March 22,2013AP Photo
Real Madrid President Florentino Perez, left, Real Madrid Sport Director Emilio Butragueno, right, and Craig Reedie of the International Olympic Committee walk along during the first day of an inspection tour for the candidate city of the 2020 Olympic Games.MADRID The IOC believes the $1.9 billion construction costs for holding the 2020 Olympics in Madrid are attainable for the recession-hit country.
The IOC is very well aware the games simply cannot get more expensive, more expensive and more expensive every time, IOC vice president Craig Reedie said Thursday at the close of his evaluation commissions four-day inspection of Madrids Olympic bid.
With Spain sinking into a second recession in three years and with unemployment at 26 percent, the financing of Madrids Olympic project was always going to be a key factor.
We were certainly made aware by the bid committee where the Spanish economy is, and we thank Madrid for their openness and honesty, Reedie said. They told us that the Spanish economy has had a very difficult time, but that it has stabilized and will improve, and we have noted that in our report.
Madrid organizers say 28 of the 35 venues are already built, meaning construction and infrastructure costs will be relatively modest.
As chair of the commission I think we have looked closely at the capital costs and we believe them to be attainable, Reedie said.
Gilbert Felli, IOC executive director for the Olympic Games, said the inspectors had looked at the bid committees budget with good eyes. He said that taking into account our past experience, we believe that the numbers proposed to us are feasible.
Madrid is competing against Tokyo and Istanbul. The panel has already visited the Japanese capital and will be in Istanbul next week.
By comparison, Tokyos budget for capital costs is $4.9 billion, and Istanbuls is $19.2 billion.
The full IOC will select the 2020 host city by secret ballot on Sept. 7 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
We were greatly impressed by what we have seen here, Reedie said.
Outside the hotel where the IOC was based, a group of 30 health care workers protested by blowing whistles and sounding an ambulance siren.
Reedie said he had seen a couple of protests but that none of the demonstrators had asked to speak to members of the IOC.
Weve also seen the enthusiasm for the games that exists in Madrid, and a great interest in sport that exists in Spain, he said.
Felli said Madrid had clearly learned from its previous bids, having lost to London for the 2012 Olympics and Rio de Janeiro for the 2016 Games.
Felli said Madrid had also already invested in a largely modern transport infrastructure.
We believe the project is good, he said.MORE IN Wire SportsORLANDO, Fla. Full StoryOXON HILL, Md. Wade Davis already had closed out a World Series. Full StoryBOSTON New Boston Red Sox pitcher Chris Sale said he isnt worried that he might not be the ace... Full Story
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"In order to restore in the world the reign of Jesus Christ, nothing is as necessary as the holiness of the clergy."
~ Pope Pius X, writing on May 5, 1904 (from the article "Ecclesiastical Seminary")


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What Factors Should You Consider Before Purchasing a Crib?
All new cribs should meet the federal government mandated standards
- Consider cribs with simple and basic lines with no cutouts or scrollwork in the headboard or footboard
- Consider buying a new crib instead of an old one. Older cribs may not meet the current safety standards, and may have weakened hardware through constant hard use
- Check the space between the crib slats in the specification. The distance between the crib slats should not be more than two inches in width
- Ensure there are no sharp edges or protruding nuts and screws that could be a potential danger to your child
- Purchase a crib mattress along with the crib to ensure they're a perfect match
- Once the crib is ready to be used, practice safe sleeping for your baby. Don't smother your baby with blankets or comforters as he can get easily entangled in them.
Shop SamsClub.com to find the best crib for your nursery at an affordable price today.


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Pilot program designed to divide families
How many ways can the government find to create a gulf between parents and their children? And this one is being done by the Ohio Highway Patrol-our well-paid public servants.
In Circleville, the Circleville Herald reports that a pilot program is being implemented in four schools-a program where student participants will observe their parents and watch for unsafe driving habits, such as not wearing a seat belt, texting, talking on a cell phone, checking email, eating, grooming, or failing to completely stop at a stop sign.
For one week participants from sixth, seventh and eighth grades will write tickets on their parents, keep track of how many tickets they issue, and at the end of the week turn in their tallies and be rewarded with a pizza party. A grand prize winner will receive a four-pack of movie tickets.
What a unique way to divide families, cause arguments, train children to believe they are smarter than their parents (as Al Gore has told them), and then be rewarded with another cultural cancer-movie tickets!
Parents in Circleville should wake up and demand this type of program be stopped.
And parents all over Ohio should get ready. It will be coming your way after the "pilot program" is completed.
School administrators should stand up and say "No" instead of behaving like sheep. Can adults no longer think with moral objectivity and make responsible decisions?
When will we stop submitting willingly to programs that divide families and destroy freedom?
Glenn Newman


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During the Colonial Era, Spanish missions and the presidios built to protect them were sometimes moved from one location to another. You might ask why?
Many significant factors influenced such a move. Hostilities with Native Americans, success rates (or lack thereof) in converting local inhabitants into Spanish citizens, and political intrigue involving other European powers were all factors. For example, Mission Espiritu Santo and the Presidio La Bahia were moved from their original 1722 sites on Garcitas Creek because of hostilities with Native Americans and by 1726 they moved for a second or possibly third time to the area now known as Mission Valley. That location proved successful, and the mission and the presidio would probably have remained there indefinitely if it hadn't been for political intrigue.
Throughout the Colonial period, Spanish officials worried about potential French and English incursions into Spanish-held land in the New World, and in the 1740's that worry became particularly strong. As a result, in 1749, the Mission Espiritu Santo and Presidio La Bahia complex moved to its final location on the banks of the San Antonio River, at the spot that would eventually become Goliad.
Originally the site of an Indian village the Spanish called Santa Doretea, the new location had much going for it. For one thing, the Camino Real leading up from Mexico branched in the vicinity of the Native American village, with one road leading to the missions in San Antonio and the other to the missions in east Texas.
By placing the mission and fort near the split, the roadway could be protected against potential incursions in three directions, and the mission/presidio complex would be centrally located on the main trade route extending from Mexico into the interior of Texas.
The new location also provided plenty of resources for the successful establishment of a new mission and presidio complex. Water was provided by the San Antonio River, building materials were available from easily accessible limestone formations, and area grasslands provided good forage for horses and cattle. Not long after the Spanish moved to the new location, Santa Doretea began to be called La Bahia.
Mission Espiritu Santo continued at the San Antonio River location for the next 81 years, until it was finally abandoned in 1830. By that time, Mexico had gained its independence from Spain, and the new government of Mexico had neither the funds nor the desire to continue supporting the mission system that had been put in place by the Spanish.
Additionally, very few Native Americans were left at Mission Espiritu Santo - their original culture had died away, and many had completed the successful transition to the new lifeway they had been taught while living at Mission Espiritu Santo.
There is little doubt that their descendants continue to call Goliad "home" to this very day.