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Skip to comments.Ex-President Carter wants sanctions weakened on terrorist groups
Posted on 06/20/2013 6:41:28 AM PDT by maggief
Former President Jimmy Carter is spearheading an effort to convince the U.S. to weaken sanctions on terrorist groups so that peace organizations can legally work with them.
In a petition to Secretary of State John Kerry delivered Thursday, Carter and other foreign policy experts ask Kerry to exempt peace groups from policies that make it a crime to offer negotiation training and humanitarian law classes to terror groups.
The Secretary of State can, and should, exempt peacebuilding activities from this counterproductive application of the law, says the petition. Doing so would open the door for professional peacebuilders to fully engage in helping to end armed conflicts and suffering around the world, while making the U.S. safer.
The petition is signed by more than two dozen groups and former officials, including Mercy Corps; Andrew Natsios, former administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development under President George W. Bush; retired Ambassador Thomas Pickering; and Anne-Marie Slaughter, the Director of Policy Planning at the State Department from 2009-2011.
(Excerpt) Read more at thehill.com ...
Jimmah, don't you get it, the muzzie nut jobs want us all dead.
Still screwing things up after all these years....
Meanwhile this puts - this toxic buffoon - goes on and on.
....Still scared s*#tless of rabbits.
'Nuff said.
It is amazing that he got to be this old and still doesn't have any common sense.
In a quirk of history, another (current) President managed to outdo him in sheer naivete, foolish policies and idiocy.
@$$holes don't change their stripes.
More true today than ever before.
Oh when, just when is this worthless POS going to take a dirt nap?
Jimmy Carter: "Love your enemies and hate your friends and family"
"The organization told The Hill that in the past efforts to build bridges with the Taliban in Afghanistan, Hamas in the Palestinian territories and leftist guerillas in Colombia have all been stymied."
My heart bleeds...
Oh, Lord, here we go again. That old buzzard needs to just sit in front of a window in a rocking chair and leave the rest of the world alone.
Well, can't he just sign an ex-executive order or sumpin?
Maybe Jim-bob should run for office. Otherwise, I don't care what he "wants".
Jimmy! You don't need to have this decriminalized. Just take it upon yourself - go to the most violent terrorist camp and do a sensativity training class. Just do it. You da man.
And this is the guy who broke Herbert Hoover's old record for living longest after his term ended, huh?
They have been stymied, primarily, because those groups of crazies keep killing people. Amazing how that works.
Jimmy Carter was a bad president and a bad ex-president. He just had PR skills.
He carried empty suitcases to look like a normal person carrying his own luggage. (for those in rio linda, he was faking)
He CURRENTLY will say one thing in spanish bashing the USA and another thing in english praising the USA.
His carter center was and is set up to be a "shadow" state department pushing his left wing agenda.
He's trying to pay them back for their decades of financial support.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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GV Now
MAREC to host meeting on advancing recycling in region
Posted on June 18, 2014
A gathering June 23 invites community members and business leaders to discuss how Muskegon County can become a part of the state's effort to become a recycling leader.
"Recycling as an Economic Driver" will take place from 3-5 p.m. at Grand Valley State University's Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center, 200 Viridian Dr., in Muskegon.
Arn Boezaart, director of MAREC, said the gathering will be open to anyone, especially those who live in Lakeshore communities and the Grand Rapids area, including municipal, school and community leaders.
The forum will focus on residential, institutional and business waste efforts. The Muskegon Area Sustainability Coalition will organize a panel of representatives from Local First, Fleet Engineers, Michigan DEQ, and Public Works for Kent and Emmet counties.
The gathering comes after Gov. Rick Snyder announced in April a statewide plan designed to increase residential recycling access statewide.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Hawaii Bicycling League will be riding in memory of Zachary Manago, who died in a hit-and-run crash in Wahiawa.
It's called "The 2012 Zachary Manago's Ride In Paradise." The two-day event will be held on July 7 and 8.
The Hawaii Bicycling League will be bringing awareness to motorists and bicyclists that we need to share the same roads, need to follow the laws, and watch out for each other to prevent future tragedies.
The ride will also raise funds for HBL's Safety Education and Awareness fund. In the past year, HBL-trained League Certified Instructors created a script for a training video for Roberts Hawaii bus drivers and HPD officers on how to be aware of cyclists and the laws, and developed a PSA for a "Share the Road" message.
On December 17, 2010, Manago was hit by Army Sgt. Doug Curtis in a hit-and-run collision. Curtis was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
Manago was 18 years old when he died. He was a pitching star on the Moanalua High School baseball team and was going to play for Hawaii Pacific University.


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The losing streak stops tonight!
I have a major headache right now so sorry bout thuis.
Magic @ KnicksGREENBURGH, N.Y. (AP)With the [Only registered and activated users can see links. ] in a terrible late-season slump, [Only registered and activated users can see links. ][Only registered and activated users can see links. ] said Monday their game against the [Only registered and activated users can see links. ] was almost a must win for us.
Music 4 2day
The Knicks have lost six straight, tying their worst skid of the season, and nine of 10 to fall to 35-38. New York has gone 7-12 since acquiring Anthony in February, including a loss to the Magic last Wednesday.
We understand how important this game is for us, Anthony said at the Knicks training center. Its almost a must win for us. That mentality, thats something that I want to approach it, as a must-win game. Weve been talking about that throughout the team.
Told of Anthonys must-win belief, coach Mike DAntoni said: Weve had a few of those lately, and we havent seemed to get one, so every game we go out is a must win. Its a must play well.
Weve been using those cliches and trying to do this and that, and its almost time to draw a line in the sand and lets play as hard as we can play, DAntoni added.
Despite their slump, the Knicks are still seventh in the Eastern Conference with room to spare. Anthony said he wasnt worried about a complete collapse, but DAntoni and team president Donnie Walsh said the playoffs werent a guarantee.
The Knicks open a four-game homestand Monday. After the Magic, who have won all three meetings this season, New York hosts New Jersey, Cleveland and Toronto, all well below .500.
But the Knicks have been maddeningly poor against fellow losing teams, going 0-3 this season against the Cavaliers and losing twice to both Indiana and Milwaukee during the last 10 games. DAntoni said it had been hard for the team to keep its confidence up because were losing all the time.
So the first thing you do is just play harder, he said.
The Knicks also changed a routine.
New York held its first home morning shootaround of the season Monday. The Knicks usually have a walkthrough in the afternoon at Madison Square Garden, believing a morning trip to Westchester, then a drive into Manhattan, wasnt the best use of their time. They practiced at their training center the morning of a game only one other time in the last two seasons, on the morning of [Only registered and activated users can see links. ][Only registered and activated users can see links. ] debut last year.
But after a day off Sunday, they decided to get to the gym early.
I think when youre losing a lot, you change something, Walsh said. So well see if the change helps us.
I reallhy feel if tonight is a win wwe will start to see this team get some mo going into the payoffs.
The losing streak stops tonight!
Great to see Carmelo stepping up as a future team leader; making it know this is a must win type of game. Win tonight, yes I know we've struggled against bad teams, but win tonight & we have a fighting chance of turning this season around while getting back to over .500. It all starts with a win tonight so credit to Carmelo for pushing things & trying to make them happen.
Also love the way D'Antoni is fighting for this team; without throwing them under the bus, kicking them when their down & overall.... Preaching the importance of effort. It's good to see a coach not quit on his players in tough situations like these. MDA is stressing to the media & team that A) Every game is a must win. B) Draw the line in the sand, enough is enough & play well. C) Play as hard as we can & most importantly... Making it known that the playoffs aren't a lock or guarantee yet.
Hope to see Amare get back on track & drop 30+ tonight. Who cares if you foul out Amare? Fight against Dwight with everything you have. Man Up!!!
"I'm coming home, I'm coming home, tell the world I'm coming home."
The Knicks will be coming home tonight! Legoo!
I just wanna see Amare step up & at least try to defend a big name star like Dwight Howard. Amare is built just like a KG... There is no reason why he cant dominate the paint. Has nothing to do with any coach. He's an athletic freak of nature & if he gives it 100% of defense... The sky is the limit for Amare. I understand he doesn't wanna foul out but even if he does... We have Melo to lead the way for our offensive attack & thats the blessing about having two offensive stars. One plays with defensive effort, gets fouled out & it's back to the norm of one star.
Not expecting a win but would love one
to start the season this year we werent that great, it took a win over a good team and a bunch of road wins over some bad teams for them to come together. With games against nj, cle, and toronto maybe this can finally be just what the team needs. GO NYK
Yeah, I remember the previous Knicks team with Felton, Gallo, Chandler & then Mozgov were at one point 7 or 8 games above .500. Thats due to the fact that, even though Gallo was our only returning starter from last year, MDA & these players, as a team; still had an entire offseason of training camp, time to gel, 35+ practices to practice the x's & o's of the game + an entire preseason of not only gaining team chemistry but also plenty of preseason games to work together as a team. Even that team came out of the gates slow but once we started to click? Before the trade rumors? We were the hottest team in the Eastern Conf for over a month. Paul Pierce made it known & stated "This Knicks team will be there until the end".
Then the trade happened & out TEAM got depleted & we're now back to square one but only without an offseason to practice & improve as a team. & sucks but thats the harsh reality of the largest trade in NBA history that took place past the mid-way mark.
Lets go out tonight angry- Score BIG, Play D and snap this losing streak in half. LETS GO KNICKS
No need to bash or knock Turiaf when he adds to this team what every strong defensive team plays with; Defensive intensity. No one is saying that Turiaf is a star or even close to it, but then again... He's been forced to play out of position @ Center as a natural power foward. If Turiaf were simply backing up Amare @ the PF position... He's become the rebounder & shot blocker that Laker fans grew to fall in love with as a hustle player off the bench. Thats why I want Amare @ Center tonight (On defense) with Turiaf @ the PF position helping Amare double up on Howard.
If NY can hold Howard under 25 points & no more than 5 offensive rebounds we should win this game. Force Orlando to live or die from the 3 point line. When Dwight is off... They usually die from 20 3 point attempts per game. When Dwight is dominating.... Those 3's become momentum changers & game winners.
I also wanna see a lot more of Douglas on the much quicker Nelson when compared to Billups. Lets just hope the cheap knee of Dwight Howard doesn't hurt another PG's thigh tonight. What a cheap 'stick out' of the knee that was & I watched that play over 5 times.
LOL at Tinyface!
And I agree that Amar'e needs to play with more defensive intensity even if it means fouling out. It's not like we will be left with a team of scrubs if he does foul out, he shouldn't be worrying about that. But how many times have we seen him literally step out of the way of someone driving to the basket? If any of you watched the Charlotte game on League Pass or live in that area and watched the local feed, the commentators were literally LAUGHING OUT LOUD on live TV about our paint defense. Then at the end of the game one of the commentators said about the NY fans in attendance, "hope they find their cars OK, and that all four tires are intact."
We're NY. We can't be having that kind of sh!t. We have to let mofos know that even if they beat us they're going to be feeling it the next morning. No more of this soft "I don't want to foul out" nonsense. It's not just Amar'e. When's the last time Jeffries, Turiaf, both Shawne and Shelden Williams or Amar'e fouled out of a game? No, they just watch little guards that are barely over 6'0 drive past them for easy-peasy layups.
We can't be having that kind of sh!t. No sir. Not in NY.
Melo said its almost must win time....i wonder if he meant tonight
We'll see if he means it by playing with nothing but defensive effort for 4 quarters strong. Talk is cheap & actions speak louder than words, but when a player of Carmelo Anthony's star status states that it's must win time... I not only expect but am also confident we'll see Melo play with 100% heart & if so... Amare BETTER follow his lead & become the team leader he's been for NY all year but now? It's time to help lead us on DEFENSE!
Lets go NY... PLEASE allow this board & our fan base to enjoy just a LITTLE enjoyment after tonight's game. Thats what this place needs, some enjoyment & a little hope woukdn't hurt either.


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Last licks
A hand-picked meal for the very end of the line
By Dan O'Heron 07/21/2011
Let's say that this is one of those moving moments — I'm on Death Row. They're going to retire my number.
The warden, looking directly at my foot, says, "Dan, it's that time. You can have anything you want to eat and all you want." I turn to the chaplain nearby and say, "But that's gluttony, father, a deadly sin. Will I have to go to confession again?"
"No one will know, my son."
"God will," I say.
"Not if we don't tell him," says the priest, flipping open an order pad.
Since I don't have to haggle over the price, there will be no simple dinner salad. I decide on the "Dianne" salad from Green Street Restaurant, 140 Shoppers Lane, Pasadena, (626) 577-7170. What a way to start: poached chunks of chicken in a filigree of glassy noodles, served on a bed of crunchy iceberg lettuce with toasted almond slivers and sesame seeds. The recipe for the sweet and tangy dressing is so secret that no one person in the kitchen knows the whole formula. I know it, but where I'm at, we don't sing.
By ordering a cold fruity soup at Julienne, 2649 Mission St., San Marino, (626) 441-2290, I might recall the sunshine of my happy days as a juvenile delinquent, when the sticky-sweet juices of stolen peaches dribbled down my chin. But I'm hungry, so I order gazpacho instead.
Not pureed to a piddling, as some restaurants do it, Julienne's gazpacho is more rough-edged with chunks of celery and cucumber, diced fresh tomatoes and spikes of Tabasco, cilantro salt and pepper. Adding creaminess to the crunch, an avocado floats atop pure tomato juice. Forget that the soup looks like an accident took place in an aquarium — there's nothing better in a bowl.
You'd think that by nature this all-American criminal would crave a porterhouse, one that is slab thick with marble peeking through a charred crust covering a juicy pink interior. But in my last days on the outside, I discovered wine and food pairing rituals more inviting than a simple bull-necked steak. For the taste I crave, there's not a more addictive combo than the sake (rice wine) and sashimi as served at Kabuki Japanese Restaurant, 88 W. Colorado Blvd., Pasadena, (626) 568-9310.
Similar to classic wine tasting, I remember swirling medium-bodied "mizabacho" sake in the glass, sniffing its bouquet before tonguing a small sip around in my mouth. This exercise cleansed my palate of all previous flavors. Then, before the first real swallow, I'd inhale through a sake-soaked mouth (think, whistling backwards) before breathing the lung-warmed fumes out of my nose. Ouch!
Aaah, the pain was worth it. Clearly, when ideal reciprocal flavors like these at Kabuki are brought together, the two combine for a gastronomical treat more delicious than either alone could provide.
It helps that half of the treat is big and beautiful. Generously portioned, dewily glistening sashimi morsels of tuna, salmon, yellowtail and halibut — on a bed of sparkling ice — are petaled with edible purple orchids. Garnishes include a delicate cup made out of cucumber, filled with gleaming green wasabi stems and clumps of white ginger. Being forced to destroy such a beautiful setting with chopsticks borders on vandalism. But now that I think of it, I guess I've been good at that, among other crimes of passion.
Longing for an aroma as delightful as my grandma's hot bread or clean laundry, my thoughts turn to apple pie à la mode from Pie 'N Burger, 913 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, (626) 795-1123. Here, tart and crisp Granny Smith fresh apples are delivered daily, peeled and cored. Popping out of the oven, enclosed in a flaky golden crust, this pie is one thing that transforms earth into a sort of heaven. I only hope that transformation is possible for me here and now.
11th-HOUR REPRIEVE
Wait! I'm allowed a late-night snack? Well, then I choose the honey walnut shrimp dinner from Wokcano, 33 S. Fair Oaks Ave., Pasadena, (626) 578-1818. It is remembered that in good old Pasadena, this restaurant served complete dinners at the latest possible hour. However, sadly, it gets me to thinking about how my mom used to give me milk and cookies before I'd go to sleep. Now I am ready for the big sleep.
Sayonara, dear readers ...
DIGG | del.icio.us | REDDIT


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Dismiss NoticeLike to discuss POLITICS? Come join us at PUNNDITS.com!If you like discussing politics and other related topics then your new home (hopefully) for doing just that can be found on Punndits.com! Come join us and help us grow Punndits into a wonderful and safe place to discuss politics with everyone.
CowboysZone Welcomes justbob and jobberone as our Newest Moderators!
Discussion in 'CZ Announcement Zone' started by Reality, Jul 27, 2012.
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Cornell Routs Canisius; Showdown with Virginia Next
from press release
ITHACA, N.Y. – Cornell went on a 12-0 run
to erase an early Canisius lead and remain unbeaten with a 19-6
victory over the Golden Griffins on Tuesday afternoon at
Schoellkopf Field. The Big Red improved to 4-0 on the season, while
Canisius slipped to 2-2.
Eleven different players scored goals for the Big Red, who also held dominant advantages in ground balls (46-19), shots (44-28), saves (10-7), face-offs (17-12) and caused turnovers (11-7) in picking up its 11th win in the all-time series without a loss.Cornell also went 3-of-5 on its man-up chances, while holding the Griffs to a 1-of-3 performance.
"We started out slow but I am really pleased with our effort and intensity," said interim head coach Matt Kerwick. "I think we shot the ball really well early on and that set the tone."
Connor Buczek scored four goals and John Edmonds had four points on three goals and an assist to lead the Cornell scoring attack. Both Matt Donovan and Sean Doyle registered a goal and two assists, while Connor Entenmann and Dan Lintner each had two goals and an assist as part of their three-point days. In all, seven players had multi-point games, with John Hogan's two goals making him the seventh.
Defensively, Mike Huttner, Connor Hunt and Mike O'Neil each caused two turnovers, while the goalkeeping trio of Brennan Donville, Christian Knight and William Joyce made a combined 10 saves against six goals. Knight entered the game at halftime and played just over 24 minutes, making seven saves in his first collegiate appearance while surrendering four goals before Joyce closed out the victory.
Doug Tesoriero won 12-of-20 face-offs and earned a game-high 12 ground balls, while Cole McCormack won 5-of-8 restarts.
Canisius got two goals and two assists from Tim Edwards and two goals and an assist from Vince Gravino to lead the Griffs. Edwards also won 8-of-16 face-offs, scooped up five ground balls and caused one turnover. In goal Alex Govenettio started out strong but ended the afternoon with just five saves and allowed 12 goals before giving way to Jeff Wilson at the half. Wilson finished with just two saves.
The Big Red scored the final 11 goals of the first half after falling behind midway through the first quarter. Cornell turned a 3-2 game after the first 15 minutes into an 8-3 lead just 5:22 into the second period and never looked back to set up Saturday's key matchup with unbeaten Virginia.
Cornell scored just 56 seconds into the contest when Hogan scooped up a rebound off a Buczek shot that hit the post and shot it into an empty net. Canisius settled down, evening it up four minutes later with a long possession that ended with an open look from 10 yards out by Jake Giarrano on a feed from Nick Tuttle. The Golden Griffs took the lead at 2-1 with 8:01 left in the period when the Edwards brothers combined for a score, as Jeff fed Tim.
That was the highlight of the game, as soon after the Big Red seized control. A suffocating defense, a quick-strike offense and dominant play by Tesoriero at the face-off "x" were the ingredients for what turned out to be a runaway as Cornell held the Griffs without a goal for a span of 29:25.
It started with consecutive goals by John Edmonds to end the first period as the Big Red regained the lead at 3-2. Then the home team took full control.
The second period was a highlight tape of Big Red plays. Cornell ran off nine goals in the next 15 minutes, with six coming in just over five minutes of play. Connor Buczek started the second period off just like Cornell did with the first, netting a goal in the first minute. Instead of Canisius answering, it was Buczek again 52 seconds later. Then 48 seconds later Edmonds found Donovan to make it 6-2. Another 42 seconds passed before it was 7-2 when Lintner buried his 14th goal of the year on an Entenmann feed. Five seconds later Tesoriero won the face-off and took it himself. Each successive goal took less time, and the contest was effectively over at 8-2.
But Cornell wasn't done, as Buczek completed the second quarter hat trick, followed by the first career goal from Matt Schattner and another tally from Edmonds. By the time Hogan scored with 10 seconds left in the half, it was 12-2.
Cornell made sure Canisius had no thoughts of a comeback, scoring the first goal of the second half to extend the run to 12 before Vince Gravino ended it with 6:24 on the clock in the third.
From there out, the teams played evenly with a mix of starters and reserves playing much of the second half for both teams with the exception of a damaging two-minute unreleasable penalty late in the contest. The Big Red reserves took full advantage, scoring three times to round out the scoring. Included were the first goals of the season for Sten Jernudd and Sean Doyle.
The Cornell-Virginia game will be broadcast live on Saturday at 12 p.m. on the Ivy League Digital Network.
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This peptide sequence, KVVRFDKL, is a subdominant H-2Kb-restricted peptide from OVA (ovalbumin) antigen, recognized by the class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecule, H-2Kb (class I genes of the mouse MHC).


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Officer admits sexual contact with minor, tried to confirm age
Criminal complaint released in assault case
A Mount Horeb police officer arrested on suspicion of sexual assault of a child in Madison told police he tried to confirm the age of the 14-year-old boy he admits to having sexual contact with, according to a criminal complaint.
Madison police arrested Dennis P. Jenks, 44, at his home in the 6600 block Raymond Road on Madison's far west side Feb. 13.
The criminal complaint states that the 14-year-old boy told investigators he met Jenks on an online chat website and they met for the first time in September 2012. He said he moved in with Jenks in October and stayed until the day Jenks was arrested.
Jenks told an investigator when he questioned the boy about his age the boy said he was 18. Jenks said he attempted, through various means, to confirm the boy's age but was unable to do so. The boy admitted to police he used a false name, according to the criminal complaint.
The boy told police he remembered Jenks telling him he was not trying to be rude with regard to his age, but that he could lose his job.
Jenks was released on a signature bond following his initial appearance in Dane County Court Friday. He is subject to bail monitoring and was ordered to have no contact with the victim.
Jenks is on unpaid suspension, according to the Mount Horeb police chief.
Jenks is a lieutenant in the Mount Horeb Police Department, and he has been employed with the department since 2000.
The Mount Horeb Police Department said it is conducting an internal investigation.
Copyright 2013 by Channel 3000. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Here's one to try the next time you're playing foodie trivia with your friends: "Name the only Beard Award-winning chef to offer permanent chug-a-lug games in his namesake restaurant's bar?" The answer: Todd English, at his just-opened Todd English P.U.B. in Las Vegas. Best of all—or perhaps worst of all—patrons who can drink fast enough get their beer for free. English is a terrific chef who was smart enough to put his new P.U.B. (an acronym for ...
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America's Mirror (My Research Paper)
All of you guys have been so helpful in me shaping my research paper. I really appreciate all of the "free thought" that you guys were doing, it really helped me out. I took into consideration what all of you said– everything, and so yesterday, I went to my APUSH teacher and showed him the outline. I asked him if I could go into the 20th century a little so I could expand on how baseball mirrors the economy, and he said it was fine. I think all of your questions will be answered in the paper. It ended up being long– 5,000 words (which is longer than the 2,000-3,000 words that were suggested). I won't be offended if you don't read it all. The topic sentences pretty much sum up what each paragraph is about so if you want to just choose one paragraph and read it, even that would be great. The greatest weakness right now (I think) is that the paragraphs are way too long, I'm working on that. But if you guys are interested in the whole paper, feel free to read the whole thing! Once again, constructive criticism welcomed.
During America's Gilded Age, many new institutions emerged
that provided new spaces and liberties for the workers, immigrants, and the
middle class citizens who inhabited the crowded cities. However, very few institutions
have had the extraordinary longevity that what many consider to be, the
national pastime has had. Town ball, cricket, and base were three of many forms
of nascent baseball, but it wasn't until the New York Knickerbockers crossed
the Hudson River to get to Elysian Fields on the Jersey shore, that baseball
was born. The Civil War halted baseball's rapid evolution, and while the North
and South were fighting over slavery, states rights, and the government's
rights, the one thing that they had in common was baseball. Its popularity was
revived during the Gilded Age and many of the events in baseball mirrored the
events that were going on in America. Although baseball provided many new
spaces and liberties to the players and spectators, it also reflected the age-old
tensions and traditions such as racism, the conflict between workers and
owners, the struggle between the individual and the collective group, and the
consequences of scandal and reform.
In 1607, a group of diverse
colonists crossed the Atlantic ocean to seek land, new opportunities, and
establish a nation, and in 1845, a group of eclectic men who called themselves
the New York Knickerbockers crossed the Hudson River seeking Elysian Fields, a
place to play their game of baseball, which not only created new opportunities,
but established what would become the national pastime as well. Before the
Civil War, there were many different variations of baseball, America was not
yet unified under one distinct national pastime. Similarly, America was nowhere
near unified as the North and South were nearing the Civil War. Despite this,
the New York Mercury called baseball "the national pastime" in 1856. It did
make some progress to becoming an American game before the Civil War. Melvin
Adelman argues that: "the wish to create a national game stemmed from a desire
upon the part of Americans to emancipate their games from foreign patterns". The Spirit, one of the first newspapers
devoted to sporting events, called for a game "peculiar to the citizens of the
United States, one distinctive of the games of the British like cricket." An article in The New York Times called 'National Sport and their Uses' stated,
"To reproduce the tastes and habits of English sporting life in this country is
neither possible nor desirable". Americans were able to separate themselves
from the British influences on their national pastime just like they were able
to separate themselves from British influences on their country in 1776. This
evolution of baseball started around 1856, when Henry Chadwick created box
scores and columns for the newspapers. Baseball became a common language for
Americans as Alexander Jay Cartwright spread the game westward. This evolution
was briefly halted during the Civil War, but as the North and South fought over
slavery, and states rights, baseball was the one unifier.
It was during America's Gilded
Age that baseball flourished. 1869 was the first full year of professional
baseball, and the Cincinnati Red Stockings were the first professional team,
although baseball already was an American passion. In 1871, the New York
Knickerbockers formed the first professional league, the National Association
of Baseball Players. It attempted to retain the innocence of baseball by
stating that baseball was strictly an amateur game, and that no one would ever
be paid, "Rule V: No players who play base-ball for money shall take part in
any match game; and any club giving any compensation to a player, or having, to
their knowledge, a player in their nine playing in a match for compensation,
shall be debarred from membership in the National Association." However, as America's innocence slowly
began to dwindle away, baseball's innocence did the same. In fact, Harry
Wright's Red Stockings were the proof that baseball had become a new way for
men to earn a livelihood. Albert Goodwill Spalding did not mind the paying of
ball players:
The determination of the founders of Base Ball to
maintain it as an amateur pastime had been only partially successful from the
start. The perfectly natural desire of every club to strengthen its playing
corps found its earliest expression in the drafting, by senior clubs, from the
ranks of local junior teams the best players among them. This absolutely
legitimate practice was soon followed by that of inducing the best players in
clubs of small cities and villages to join those of larger cities, the
ostensible advantage being set forth as the increased opportunities of getting
on in life. It was, of course, but a very short step from this custom to that of
offering to understanding that salaries would be forthcoming… … It will readily
be seen that such a state of things could not long continue. The public lost
confidence in a game the results of whose contests depended upon the interests
of the gambling fraternity, or the presence of veiled professional players.
Having lost faith in their fellows, they began to lose hope in the future of
the pastime itself, and, one by one, conscientious players were dropping out".
Spalding went on to form the National League of Professional
Ball Clubs in 1876 with his Chicago White Stockings. This was a giant step
towards establishing team owners' authority over the game and players, which
were bound to cause conflicts. A president and other officials were hired to
establish some degree of uniformity throughout the League, and organized
baseball began to assume a structure, which continues to influence the game
today. In 1881, the American Association, otherwise known as the Beer and
Whiskey League was formed; it allowed Sunday games and the sale of alcoholic
beverages in the park. Although the National League and the American
Association sign a peace agreement in 1883, it succumbs in 1891 and Spalding's
National League retains its monopoly. In 1901, Ban Johnson wanted to compete
against Spalding's monopoly so he renamed his minor Western league, the
American League. His league was actually sustainable due to the scandals of
rowdyism and syndicate ownership that plagued the National League. Another
alliance was signed in 1903 between the two leagues, which declared that each
league would abide by each other's contracts and rights to players–they were
separate but equal leagues. These two leagues have shaped baseball into what it
is today.
Baseball inspired city pride,
promoted new industry, expanded west, and was not only played in stadiums, it
was also played in prison yards, parks, playgrounds, and farmer fields as well.
The first baseball stadium was called Forbes Field, and it was not erected
until 1909 in Pittsburgh. However, the game was played elsewhere before hand,
yet still attracted many fans. The Polo Grounds was actually used for polo
initially. It was converted to a baseball stadium in 1880 for the New York
Giants, and was expanded, duplicated for other baseball teams, reconstructed,
and was the site for many historic events, including Babe Ruth's first home run
as a Yankee on May 1, 1920. In 1903, Spalding's American League and Johnson's
National League played the first World Series at Boston's Huntington Avenue Grounds.
Even though it was not truly a stadium yet, it still attracted 16,452 fans,
including McGreevy's Royal Rooters, who claimed to be Boston's most loyal fans.
Jim Thorne said, "The idea of going to the ballpark, say in 1900 was that the
urban masses would get a taste of country pastoral air. That their lungs would
expand by cheering nonsense like this. Baseball grew in the cities. It is as
wild as the wild west". Billy Crystal said, "There's a very peaceful thing, it
was created and played in pastures and meadows. There's grass, there's
outdoors, there's everything that people though was American and feel about
America. You get in a ballpark and it's the wonder of holding you dad's hand,
walking through that dark tunnel and seeing a huge open space where men play
the little boy's game". Between 1900-1910, country boys, immigrant sons, and
factory workers played on thousands of teams in hundreds of leagues; baseball
wasn't just confined to professional teams. The spread of the railroad and
telegraph facilitated the spread of ideas and activities throughout the
country, and baseball was included in this. Baseball became democratic when it
became portable. Sam Crawford said, "Every little town out there on the prairie
had its own ball team and ball grounds and we challenged them all". Many new
industries stemmed from baseball, and facilitated employment; brand names soon
appeared such as the Louisville Slugger. Albert Goodwill Spalding opened a
sporting goods business in which he was manufacturing all the baseballs used in
the National League, as well as bats and uniforms. By 1878, eight million bats
had been sold in the United States. Spalding even had a catalogue, which
devoted a lot of space to Eastern, Western, and International Leagues, and thus
helped to unify the baseball world. This not only provided new jobs, but it
established a monopoly that would soon threaten both the integrity and the
longevity of baseball. There became a growing demand for baseball reports from
both participants and non-participants led to expanded newspaper coverage, and Beadle's Dime Baseball Player was the
first baseball book for fans. Both the National League and the American League
set up teams in growing crowded urban areas. Baseball evoked a sense of pride
in ones team, and therefore one's city. Fans began to live and die with their
team. In Harold Ellard's Baseball in
Cincinnati, recalls a victory against the Mutuals of New York and calls it
"the best played game of ball on record". He describes the passion of the fans
when he says, "When news of the victory reached Cincinnati the excitement was
beyond description. Salutes were fired, red lights burned and cheers were
deafening. Everybody felt in the finest spirits and many were willing to lend
their friends, even their enemies, any sum without questions". Baseball was
seen as having the immense potential for a successful business ever since Harry
Wright established the first professional ball club. Overpriced bad food has
been sold at ballparks across the nation since 1850, but it wasn't until Henry
M. Stevens turned concessions into an empire that it truly became part of the
game. He introduced baseball's trademark food of hotdogs when ice cream sales
slowed on a cold day at New York's polo grounds. Baseball continued to offer
new opportunities for success and enjoyment to virtually everyone, but baseball
was not immune to America's segregation policies.
Baseball provided liberties and
opportunities for white players and fans regardless of their socioeconomic
classes, but restricted those liberties and opportunities from African
Americans just as they were restricted from opportunities in society.
Initially, baseball provided Americans with an outlet after work. The great
American transcendentalist Walt Whitman said, "Relieves us from being a
nervous, dyspeptic set… let us leave our close rooms, the game of ball is
glorious". Henry Longfellow said that "Ball playing communicated such an impost
to our limbs and joints that there is nothing now heard of in our leisure hours
but ball, ball, ball". It allowed the players who played unprofessionally to
forget about the woes of their stressful workday and could indulge themselves
in their game. For professionals like Cap Anson, who soon became the symbol for
all that was strong and good in baseball and established the tradition of
Spring Training, said, "I had a distinctive dislike both for study and work and
I shirked them whenever the opportunity offered". Ball players did not have to
be of a prominent socioeconomic background to play either. Cy Young, one of the
greatest pitchers of all time was a farm boy. Honus Wagner considered by many
to be the greatest shortstop of all time was a Pennsylvania miner, John Joseph
McGraw was a self-made man, Ty Cobb, one of the two men to ever attain 4,000
hits in his career grew up on a farm in Georgia. Daniel Okrent said, "The ball
players they were from the fringe of society. These were not educated men… the
kind of game that they played suited the kind of people that they were". For
fans, baseball provided a different kind of opportunity. Baseball Magazine put it beautifully when they said, "Thomas
Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence made proper provision
for baseball when he declared that all men are and of a right ought to be free
and equal. That's what they are at the ball game– banker and brick layer,
lawyer and common laborer". This isn't to say that baseball players were immune
from the vices that plagued society. Many of them suffered from addictions and
gambling problems as well; but it was Christy Matthewson, also known as the
'Christian Gentlemen' and considered one of the greatest pitchers of all time,
who helped to revive the reputation of a ball player. Baseball went from
uniting a country, to uniting men. In 1868 the Newark Advertiser stated, "People have baseball on the brain to an
extent hitherto unequaled". Carl Sandberg said; "These are times when my head
seemed empty of everything but baseball names and figures. I had my opinions
about who was better than everyone else in the national game". However, this
outlet was not extended to African Americans. Contrary to popular belief,
Jackie Robinson was not the first African American in professional baseball. It
was Moses Fleetwood Walker who played in professional baseball from 1884-1887,
and started out with the short-lived American Associations Toledo Blue
Stockings. The feet first slide that is used so often today was actually first
used during the period in which African Americans were allowed in professional
baseball because of the "deep seeded hatred for African Americans," as Sporting Life puts it. Pitchers would
actually ignore signs from black catchers because they would not take orders
from a black man. A few years later, when Cap Banson declared that we would not
play against a team with a black pitcher, the National League made an
unofficial agreement to not sign any blacks–1887 marked the end of African
Americans in professional baseball until 1947. Sol White's Official Baseball Guide speculates that had Cap Banson
not let his racist views blind him to the wonderful players in the African
American leagues, it would have truly changed the game. Freed blacks did form their own baseball leagues, and a few others
played professionally before the hushed agreement. Some leagues even played
exhibition games against professional players in the offseason as Sol White's Official Guide to Base Ball points
out; "Seabreeze and Ormond are represented by white teams composed of American
and National League players, and the contests between the colored boys of Palm
Beach and the white boys from Ormond and Seabreeze are looked for yearly and
draw immense crowds. Of the four games played between the white and colored
teams last Winter, the white boys failed to win a game". After his expulsion
from baseball, Walker urged African Americans to emigrate back to Africa; "They
could expect nothing but failure and disappintment in America" Walker said. Bud
Foulum put it best when he simply said, "My skin is against me". Newk Hall was
appalled that social barriers were broken on the playing field, yet color
barriers were not when he said, "If anywhere in this world the social barriers
are broken it is on the ball field. There, many men of low birth and poor
breeding are the idols of the rich and cultured. The best man is he who plays
best. In view of these facts the objection to colored men is ridiculous. If
social distinctions are to be made, half the players in the country will be
shut out. Better make character and personal habits the test". Racism was not
the only thing that baseball and America had in common.
The reason that baseball is
America's national pastime is because it perfectly reflects the triumphs and
struggles of American history. The pace, rhythm, atmosphere, and competitive
spirit are quite similar to the pace, rhythm, atmosphere and competitive spirit
of America. Charley McDowell said, "[There are] labor unions and management,
gimmicks and promotion, pride and unity of town and country…" Walt Whitman
said, "It has the slap, go, fling of the American atmosphere. It is America's
game". The reason that the institution of baseball is America's game is because
it precisely mirrors America, as Vogt's American
Baseball points out; "The business structure of team ownership, the problem
of monopoly, player labor unrest, and many other issues that accompanied
professionalization mirrored the new economic order". It evolved the same way
that America evolved. Albert Goodwill Spalding, the founder of the National
League, has been called "the Andrew Carnegie of baseball". Spalding bought and
crushed out his competitors like other captains of industry. A few leagues
tried to challenge this monopoly, but the only successful one was Johnson's
National League. Spalding said of his competitors, "The dog with the bull dog
tendencies will live the longest". Baseball has always promoted capitalistic
competition, whether it is on the playing field, or in business. As Joe McGraw
simply put it, "The main idea is to win". To Ty Cobb, baseball was more than a
struggle for supremacy, "it was something like a war". Spalding, like other
captains of industry, was also unconcerned with the various attempts made at
player's unions. He said, "The players league is deader than the proverbial
door nail. When the spring comes and the grass is green upon the last resting
place of anarchy, the national agreement will rise again in all its weight and
restore to America in all its purity its national pastime, the great game of
baseball". When America saw that monopolies in industries were corrupt, they
promoted competition; in the same manner, when America saw the corruptions that
existed in Spalding's National League, both the players and fans welcomed the
American League. These scandals included what was called "rowdyball", syndicate
ownership, and gambling. Rowdyball included flying spikes, vicious verbal
abuse, and cheating. Bobby Wallace of the Baltimore Orioles recalls, "The
bricks, rocks and chunks of hard slag came through those windows as if shot
from a Gatling gun." Henry Chadwick recalls an incident in Syracuse, New York:
"The baseball season
closed here to-day with a disgraceful scene on the diamond. In the sixth inning
when the score was tied, Harper got caught between the bases, and by the
dirtiest trick ever witnessed in this city he reached second. Harper
deliberately jumped on Moss, who had the ball ready to touch him, and he spiked
the Stars' shortstop so hard in the breast that his shirt front was torn almost
into ribbons. Moss struck Harper with his first, and a rough-and-tumble fight
would have ensued but for police interference"
Goldstein compares baseball's dangers to the Gilded Age's dangers when he says; "the game was a
constant play of safety and danger" not unlike the daily journey through
hostile urban neighborhoods. The tour around the bases required a passage
through a territory "patrolled by the opposition where one could be put 'out'
for the slightest error of skill or judgment in order to return home safely". Syndicate
Ownership was another form of corruption, which occurred when the owners with
multiple teams would move players around to ensure that some teams would do
really well, which would result in others doing extremely poorly. The most
notable case of this is the Cleveland Spiders, who finished with the worst
record in Major League history of 20-134. This syndicate ownership could also
result in gambling and the fixing of games. Ban Johnson was determined to
prevent the evils that the National League permitted, and offered players more
flexible contracts. The National League had the infamous reserve clause, which
forced players to stay with one team at the whim of owners, at whatever salary
that was offered to them. Many players unions sprung up that were similar to
the unions that were appearing in factories. John Montgomery Ward said of the
reserve clause that it "denies him a harbor and livelihood like fugitive slave
law, carries him back bound and shackled to club he attempted to escape". Some
of these players unions included the Brotherhood of Professional Baseball
Players, and the Player's Protective Association. The more flexible contracts
that Johnson's American League attracted many players from the National League.
Johnson's motivations for establishing this league were similar to the motivations
of the Progressives–to clean up the game. Spalding and Johnson then signed a
sort of peace treaty that created the notion of separate but equal leagues.
This alliance inspired the first true World Series, which would be between the
Boston Pilgrims (soon to be known as the Boston Red Sox) of the American
League, and the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League. The leagues insisted
on calling it the World Series even though the distance between the two cities
was merely 650 miles. The series proved so popular, that the leagues decided to
host one every season (with the minor exception of 1904). Mark Twain put it
best when he said, "Baseball is the very symbol, the outward and visible
expression of the drive and push and rush and struggle of the raging, tearing,
booming 19th century". Americans love baseball so much because it is
so easy to relate to the causes that they have fought for–it is our game
because it not only reflects America, but the values instilled in workers as
Although there is a theory that
baseball compensates for what work lacks, baseball's rules and ethics are
actually relevant to Harold L. Wilensky's congruent hypothesis, which states
that people tend to replicate their work situation in their leisure time.
Stephen M. Gelber's article Working and Playing: The Culture of the
Workplace and the Rise of Baseball further illustrates the idea that
baseball expressed and reinforced urban life, business organization, and the
values that underlay them; that it is an expression of free choice providing us
with one view of the nineteenth century American male's ideal world entered
without compromise. Gelber expands on Wilensky's congruence theory when he
says; "The congruence between baseball and business explains the rise of the
game during the expanding economy of the nineteenth century". Christopher
Lasch, in his book "The Corruption of Sports" said, "Industry has routinized,
rationalized and stultified the work experience. Men cannot satisfy their
craving for excitement and creativity on the job so they turn to leisure,
especially sports to find "risk, daring, and uncertainty", which is relevant to
Wilensky's notion that "factory workers sought emotionally charged
leisure–baseball". Gelberd explicates Frederick L. Paxson's relation between
the "safety valve" and the frontier, which asks us to examine the question:
"Why was there no explosion when the frontier closed and the "safety valve was
screwed down?" Sports provided the necessary release. They were a "New safety
valve built upon the new society". Gelbard goes speculates; "The city and its
businesses were closed, crowded, interior places of darkness, noise, and bad
air". The frontier was open, uncrowded, light and healthful. In his view,
baseball is seen not merely as a safety valve like the west, but as a miniature
version of the west". Gelberd partially refutes the compensatory argument when
he argues; "The attraction lay instead [of taking for example, a walk] in the
many ways that the game replicated an legitimized the social and intellectual
environment of the urban workplace". Andreano's No Joy in Mudville helps to further this argument by saying;
"Sportsmen and businessman professed faith in organization, cooperation,
success, and fairness". Melvin Adelman places the sport in a context of
bourgeois values that include competition, discipline, self-control, and
courage. The fact of the matter was that there was a common workplace
experience shared by the ballplayers that instilled values such as a scientific
worldview, an appreciation of rationality, and competitiveness between groups
with cooperation within–all of which were expressed through the pastime of
baseball. The fundamental reason for the popularity of baseball, as Ken Burns
puts it, "is that it is a rational safety value, a young, ambitious, growing
nation needs to let off steam". Few Americans knew that the precision it took
to "let off steam" was the same precision it took to work in a factory. Alan
Dawley quoted an 1863 observer calling the factory a "beehive of industry;
everything systemized, everything economized and each part made to act in
concert with every other part". These precise, systematic ethics of the work
place distinguish America from previous, current, and future pastimes.
The ethics of baseball have
reflected some of the most important ethics to Americans such as individualism,
the struggle for identity, nationalism, and the struggle to retain innocence,
which is why Americans love it so much. Baseball has presented the notion that
an individual is accountable for a precisely defined end result, not unlike
machines for productions whose success or failures affect the collective end
result. It retains elements of personal accountability, particularly when one
goes to bat. Baseball is the perfect of the individual subsuming into the
collective group. Melvin Adelman points out; "Baseball's structure expressed
the American notion of individualism, with its emphasis on independence,
self-reliance and equality," "American commitment to equal opportunity as each
batter is afforded roughly the same number of at bats regardless of success".
Baseball initially struggled for identity because it was a direct descendent of
rounders, a British game. Then again, America is a direct descendent of Britain
as well. Alan Sangree said, "So long as it remains our national game, America
will abide no monarchy, and anarchy will be too slow". In a sense, baseball
will help America retain its integrity because it would have trouble thriving
in another form of democracy. Baseball's configuration lay on a diamond, rather
than a square or circle, which is not only aesthetically pleasing to the fans,
but evokes the notion of American exceptionalism. Baseball not only inspired
city pride, but it established a national pride. Even though there were intense
rivalries between teams, at the end of the day, they were still playing the
game of baseball, the fans were still rooting for the game of baseball, and
everyone was singing "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" after Jack Norwith wrote it
in 1908. Americans have since introduced baseball to Japan, and many countries
in the Caribbean and South America. "It makes me feel American, a part of this
culture", Gerald Early says, "Baseball will be remembered for three things, the
constitution, jazz, and baseball". Bob Costas speculates on how baseball
retains the innocence that Americans lack; "It says I think, at root, we're
children, or we'd like to be and the best of us keep as much of that childhood
wit as we grow into adulthood as we can muster. If we love it then it's like
Peter Pan–we remain boys forever, we don't die". Even though the owners and
players were corrupting the game, the institution itself evoked a childlike
passion. Baseball may not compensate for what work lacks, but it does compensate
for what our emotions lack as Tom Boswell puts it:
"I think baseball is a great support to people who
have emotional voids, gaps, emotional difficulties. That is to say all of us.
Those parts of us that don't function well, those parts of us that are sad or
depressed. Not everyday they can really use baseball. That isn't just the child
in the wheelchair or the shut in senior citizen listening to the radio that
needs the game. There's a part of us, part of everybody, who is a baseball fan,
that needs the game at that level"
Murray Ross says, "[baseball was] conveyed in nostalgia, in
the resuscitation of the Jeffersonian dream. It established an artificial rural
environment". Ken Burns talks about the psychological aspect of coming home
when he says; "Laborers leave the shade and quiet of a shop for the sun and
fury of a ball ground. They stand and they exercise for hours. They attest that
they need to be men not machines. Athletic games carry men back to their days
of childhood. There is indeed morally a home base in all afflum as there is
literally in baseball". There is a perfect balance in baseball, as Michael
Novak points out; especially the distance between the bases, "another two feet
between them might settle the issue decisively between them". David Lamoreaux
compares the infield and outfield division between that of civilization and
wilderness; the infield "an abstract symbol of the civilized portions of the
country, and the outfield with its theoretically illimitable reach… suggests
the frontier" Americans have been attracted to baseball because the struggles
that they watch on the field are virtually congruent to the ones they encounter
on a daily basis.
Baseball's longevity is remarkable
and is credited to the fact that it embodies everything that America
represents. Robert Angell says, "The biggest appeal of baseball is that it
looks so simple, it looks so familiar and in its outward dimensions, it is
still almost exactly the same game that we played as we were kids. There is a
continuity there that is very attractive to us because some of the other
institutions that we've known have disappeared or fallen into disarray… but
baseball feels the same, and I think that is probably its prime attraction".
Baseball is played in parks, playgrounds, and prison yards, back alleys and
farmers fields, by small boys and old men, raw amateurs and millionaire
professionals. The Saturday Evening Post
talks about the integrity of the institution of baseball when it says,
"It is important to remember in an imperfect and
fretful world that we have anwhich is practically above reproach and above
criticism. Nobody worth mentioning wants to change its constitution or limit
its powers. The government is not asked to inspect it, regulate, suppress,
guarantee, or own it. There is no movement that we know of to uplift it like
the stage, or to abolish it like marriage. No one complains that it's vulgar
like the newspapers, or that it assassinates genius like the magazines. It
rouses no class passions and while it has magnates, they go unhung with our
approval. This once comparatively perfect flower of our sadly defective
civilization is of course baseball. The only important institution so far as we
remember, which the United States regards with a practically universal approval". In the 1989 movie Field of Dreams, based off of W.P.
Kinsella's novel, Terrance Mann speaks to baseball's longevity when he says,
"The one constant through the years has been baseball. America has rolled by like
an army of steamrollers. It has been erased like a blackboard, rebuilt, and
erased again. But baseball has marked the time. This field, this game, is a
part of our past. It reminds us all of what once was good, and that could be
again". Over the years baseball has provided opportunities, and liberties for
everyone, regardless of their socioeconomic background, and eventually,
regardless of their race; baseball has evolved as America has evolved and it
will continue to do so, long after we are gone.
21 Comments
I've only read about a third to a half of it because I have to get back to writing a trial court brief. It's not as exciting as it may sound. I'd rather read your paper. Hahaha. But I wanted to comment on what I've read before I forget. I see what you mean about the long paragraphs. Definitely try and figure out how to break those up. It'll give your readers' eyes a break, and they'll stay interested in the paper. So far, it's really good. You're a great writer, and I'll be back to finish it tonight or tomorrow morning!
Whoa Elizabeth, the paragraphs is the biggest point I think you already know about. There needs to be a ton more breaks in it but overall the info seems sound. Reading in this scroll format makes it harder and I wish I had it in paper form like you are handing it but I'm sure the teach will be impressed!
Jen, Bob & Tom: Yeah the paragraphs are terrible I know! I just really like the topic sentences of each and it would make me sad to break it up lol. Thanks!!!
I made an attempt to read it all but my lazy teenage brain got tired. It sounds really great though. Seriously, how have you not skipped a grade? You're not trying to pull the same scam as that Dominican prospect who faked his age are you? Lol, jk. Good stuff.
– V [ http://flairforthedramatic.mlblogs.com ]
Hey Elizabeth!
You are right the paragraphs are super long. I am also really bad at cutting stuff out so i am probably not the best help.
Coupe of other things:
I don't know if your school makes a big deal out of this, but mine did. We were not allowed to have quotes longer than 3 lines. There were some exceptions if it was close and if you talked tot he teacher but that was big deal. That would also help with some of the length. Basically what i ended up doing was using a lot of "…"'s and so on.
In general your transitions are pretty good (esp the one from 5 to 6) but the transition from 3 to 4 was a little shaky. That was another thing my teacher was crazy about so it is kind of drilled into my head.
Maybe you could split paragraph 4 into two paragraphs, one about city pride and the other about employment opportunities. That would help with one long paragraph.
I don't know if you need the baseball being democratic part. At least maybe not where it is. i felt like it did not really flow very well with the entire thing. I think it would need more explanation but as you know there isn't really room for that.
And I have a question? Did Spalding or Johnson run the National League? Because at first you said Spalding did but later they were switched (Paragraph 4, First "World Series") and then again in Paragraph 6.
One more comment: Poor Cleveland Spiders.😦 I feel so bad!
Overall a really good paper and very interesting. I liked it a lot. This was also a long comment sorry.
Vanessa: Don't worry about it lol, it was WAY too long. And yes, Im lying about my age lolol.
Melissa: Thanks for all your help! I may have switched Johnson and Spalding by accident, thanks for catching that! That's what I get for working eight hours straight!
wow that was AWESOME, i could never write something that long. very nice.
Was that an essay or the transcript for Ken Burns' Baseball? It was long!
Johnny: Thanks! I didn't think I could write that much either, but when it comes to baseball, I can write forever. I probably need to compress it a little. Julia really helped me out with it!
Amazing use of quotes. There were about two or three that I've never heard before. Those were very inspiring to me! Ending with the '1 constat' quote from 'Field of Dreams,' gives you an A+ in my books. A strong, strong ending I thought! America does mirror baseball, the quotes you used, and the early economic research you did on organized baseball gives your paper that credit.
As a baseball history fan, it is hard not to love this paper. You analyzed quotes from Whitman, Twain, Costas and even Billy Crystal! The content is great, although every teacher may 'nit-picks' about style. Throughout University, I found that professors sometimes give you hints as to the way they want a paper structured and organized. In one instance, I really made a teacher angry for not addressing something that I had mentioned in my intro!
Anyway, that is just some of my shared experience. You've written an obviously well research, well written, inspiring and passionate paper. If your teacher can't see that, then he/she must be blind! Great work, and thanks for sharing it with us bloggers.
Homer: Thanks so much!! I'm glad that they were inspiring quotes! They inspired me when I heard them too! Thanks for all your help!!
The tone of your paper is so earnest and the subject matter so interesting that I'm sure you'll take the various notes people have given here and apply them beautifully, Elizabeth. I predict an "A!"
Overall amazing, but you did change tenses when you said the American Association and the National League "sign" a treaty. Shouldn't that be "signed"?
But I really have to say "WOW!!!" You're a totally amazing writer! (not that I didn't have to say that before.)
I liked the content. Its Cap Anson, not Banson. I agree the paragraphs need to be shortened.
Mets Main Man: I did have a lot from Ken Burns baseball! I know it's long, I couldn't stop! lol.
Jane: Thanks! I'm definitely taking into consideration every thing because every suggestion will make it better!
Jenn: Thanks! I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Caroline: Aha! You're right! Thanks for catching that!!
Aaron: Thanks for catching that Cap Anson thing! It was hard for me to spell the names from just hearing them over Ken Burns! and lol🙂
Hi, Elizabeth … "Excellent" work on your research paper !!! …
The report is very well written; very informative; and has many nice links between baseball and the American culture and society !!! … I especially like your quote about baseball as our American Pastime: "The reason that baseball is America's national pastime is because it perfectly reflects the triumphs and struggles of American history. The pace, rhythm, atmosphere, and competitive spirit are quite similar to the pace, rhythm, atmosphere, and competitve spirit of America". Very nice phrasing, Elizabeth !!! … You have done extensive research, and included many wonderful quotes in this research paper that really gives the reader a very vivid description of the early days of baseball and its realationship to the American society at the time !!! …….. I agree with your comments in the beginning of this post, stating that the "paragraph's in your paper are way too long". But, that can easily be corrected by breaking your paragraph's up into smaller paragraph's. And, one error I did notice was in the fifth paragraph up, from the bottom of your report, in the Gerald Early quote. I think the quote should read: "America will be remembered for three things: the constitution; jazz; and Baseball" [not, "Baseball will be remembered …"] … Also, I think, you can expand a little bit more on the uniqueness of "home plate" in baseball, and the connection between the safety of "home" that we all feel in society; and, how "home plate" in baseball is a place that players on both teams in a baseball game want to return to [we all start at home, and, also, want to return home] … You have a quote by Ken Burns in your paper talking about the "psychological aspect of coming home", and this would be a very important area to expand on, because, I think, originally, this was the major significant reason that "home plate" was called "home" and not "fourth base" !!! … Also, maybe, you could explore in greater detail, the business of baseball in the Negro Leagues at the time; and, how baseball was brought to the South during the Civil War !!! … Those are just some suggestions. Basically, you covered a lot of ground in your research paper, and did an "Excellent" job !!! … And, I think the length of the report is just fine. The more words about baseball, the better !!! … Also, using the "James Earl Jones speech" from the movie "Field of Dreams", towards the end of your research paper, was a perfect way sum up your report, as that speech sums up our great American Pastime, Baseball, so perfectly !!! … Your research paper is, "A Very Nice Work Of Art", Elizabeth !!! … You should be very proud !!! … Jimmy [27NYY],"BY&L" http://baseballtheyankeesandlife.mlblogs.com/
WOW. This is perfect. I don't have any negative thoughts about the report. You included interesting details so that people can enjoy reading. (In this case, it's an entry [: ) I admire your writing so much and you are a talented writer. 5000 words? Simply amazing. I can't even write 1000! Excellent job and keep it up!
Jimmy: Thanks so much for catching all of my mistakes!! I'm glad that you enjoyed it!
Hyun Young: Thanks so much!! I'm glad that you enjoyed it. I'm sure you'll be able to write 5,000 soon, especially if it is about something you're passionate about. Thanks for all your positive support!


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"I have been a fan of Catholic Answers from its beginnings. Keep up this great apostolate, as it does help many of our Catholics appreciate their faith, especially in the military. Blessings and prayers for your continued success."
"Where the bishop is, there is the community, even as where Christ is, there is the Catholic Church."


text: Weird Noises in Florida 0x6a656666 posted:3/20/2011 11:00:21 PM Anyone else hear this or have any idea what it could be?People have been trying to link these noises up to the new oil spill spotted in the gulf somehow, but don't quite know how it connects.iamwhoiam posted:3/21/2011 12:46:23 AM What part of Florida??0x6a656666 posted:3/21/2011 2:51:46 AM I guess Flagler County was where it happened more noticeably than others.tapuout4985 posted:3/21/2011 3:06:53 AM Very interesting. That does sound a bit like a tornado, but it is obviously not tornado weather. My first guess would actually be low flying aircraft such as cargo planes. If there is a big enough formation of them spread out over a large area the noise generated by the engines can sort of turn into this sort of never ending, never changing drone. I don't live far from the 185th refueling wing of the Air Force and sometimes when they fly over there can be an effect like this, but I find it strange it lasted so long without really changing. Add in the ground and house shaking and it is even weirder. I haven't done any research of my own yet, but will be very interested to find out the truth of this situation.0x6a656666 posted:3/21/2011 3:10:40 AM According to reports, although 8 minute was filmed, it actually lasted 20 minutes.Swamptick posted:3/21/2011 8:15:38 AM Rocket test?weyard posted:3/21/2011 9:24:18 AM I think it might just be high atmospheric wind. I hear sounds like that all the time in my area. I don't recall there being any strong wind felt at those times. It's a normal occurance here. These sorts of noises have been heard for years and no one seems to think it odd. I'm in Kentucky, and there are no military bases around, and I haven't saw any planes flying in formation at the times that I've heard it. I always assumed that it was strong air currents at or above the cloud layer. jaguarsky posted:3/21/2011 9:30:25 AM Any fracking going on in this area?spiritech0 posted:3/21/2011 10:29:52 AM Note the dates. Slap it on aircraft. That's my suggestion.This was a featured pictorial in several publications years ago. "YouTube - Optical Camouflage (Invisible Cloak)"http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2003/03/58286http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3791795.stmhttp://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2006/10/71972http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2009-01/23/an-invisibility-cloak-in-time-for-christmashttp://news.discovery.com/tech/silk-invisibility-cloak.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11686303One person's gust is another's ghost is another's alien is another's insignificant coincidence is another's hologram is another's psychosis is another's lack of desire to learn.spiritech0 posted:3/21/2011 10:31:43 AM http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/12/11/113006/fulltext oops forgot that one... and howler monkeysBigdog117 posted:3/22/2011 3:45:32 PM Engine test run on aircraft motor. call base operations at the base the test run 20-45 minutes and the flash at the end is always at end of test run. running around dark is what they do to see flame pattern. sound travels far and shakes the ground for many miles.the "Hush house" is outside pit they run the engines up to power in and the sound wall shoots sounds up toward sky, if its cloudy sound travels back down. I am retired from military (AF special Ops ) it sounds like KC-10 or 135 engine. those are refueling aircraft. . I know my aircraft sounds. Like a C-5 has a high pitch squeal like bad fan on a car. fighters have a crackle sound etc. gary107 posted:3/23/2011 1:27:33 PM we used to have rocket engine test in a valley just north east of San Diego. Land values went up and I think they moved to Nevada in the late 1970's. Does sound like engine testing. Please log in or become a member to add a post.


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Some inspiring words (to/from Danica)
Now to see if she listens to herself or not.
BTW on a positive note. I believe these cookie cutter style (& larger) are something she can wrap her handling around. Believe these tracks will be her strengths & confidence builders.
Also appreciate the fact that she realized it is her inexperience (she basically blamed herself) for the phoenix style tracks. Acknowledging the problem is the first steps to correcting them. If she stays grounded, I think good things just might happen for her in the nationwide.


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« Back
Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu, left, and Kadima party leader Shaul Mofaz announce the new coalition government, in Jerusalem, May 8, 2012. Netanyahu unveiled a revamped coalition government that could free his hand to decide whether to attack Iran.
AP Photo
"It Plays Well in Tel Aviv, But How Does It Play in Peoria?"
Op-Ed, The Huffington Post
May 21, 2012
Author: Charles G. Cogan, Associate, International Security Program
Belfer Center Programs or Projects: International Security
As an inveterate reader of the New York Times, I woke up on the morning of May 18th to learn that planning for an attack on Iran has been done already. And the implication was that planning has been done between the United States and Israel. How else are we to interpret the words of Dan Shapiro, the American Ambassador to Israel:
"It would be preferable to resolve this diplomatically and through the use of pressure than to use military force. But that doesn't mean that option is not fully available. And not just available, but it's ready. The necessary planning has been done to assure that it's ready."
According to the New York Times, Ambassador Shapiro delivered these words at a meeting of the Israeli Bar Association on May 15th.
Americans obviously must now face the possibility of, in seriatim, a war against yet another Muslim country, despite the demonstrated fact that the majority of the American population would not relish such a development.
The public rhetoric in Washington continues to urge restraint, including President Obama's admonition against "loose talk of war."
Invariably, Iranians in and around the academic pressure cooker of Cambridge, Mass. will tell you that the one thing that will not work on the Iranian psyche is threatening language. This may or may not be true. Perhaps we will find out on May 23rd, when the Iranians meet in Baghdad with the West, the Chinese and the Russians on Iran's nuclear program.
But there is one certitude: the Iranians are obsessed with the possibility of another U.S.-attempted regime change. The example of the overthrow of the democratically elected Mossadegh government in 1953, which the Iranians see as the first and most egregious of a number of U.S. interventions, may mean nothing to current American policymakers, but it means everything to the Iranians.
N.B. "Will it Play in Peoria?" is a saying that is traditionally used to ask whether a given product, person, promotional theme or event will appeal to mainstream (aka Main Street) America...(Wikipedia).
For more information about this publication please contact the Belfer Center Communications Office at 617-495-9858.
Full text of this publication is available at:
For Academic Citation:


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Twin Pack Healthy Edibles Bacon & DuraChew Chicken GiantA value pack designed for medium dogs who are powerful chewers. Includes a giant non edible chicken flavor Dura Chew, a long lasting chew designed for powerful chewers, and a Healthy Edibles® bacon-flavored bone that is completely edible.
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Technical Sessions
Oral Sessions
Oral presentations are located on the first and second floors of the Fetzer Center. The Speaker Ready Room is located in Room 1030. Signage and meeting staff are available to assist you in orienting yourself for quick access to all events. PowerPoint is available for oral presentations. Operating systems are PC-based; Mac-generated presentations should be formatted for PC compatibility. Presenters may not use their own laptops. Speakers should preferably provide their presentations on either CD-R or flash drive, or bring their device with a USB drive. Presentations must be uploaded in the Speaker Ready Room during the preceding half-day to a scheduled session. Slide shows for Thursday morning sessions are to be uploaded between 4 and 7 p.m. Wednesday, 22 April. Slide shows for Friday morning are to be uploaded by 5 p.m. of the preceding afternoon. Talks for afternoon sessions are to be uploaded between 7 and 11 a.m. daily. In the unfortunate incidence of a late arrival, proceed to the Speaker Ready Room for individual aid. Please make every effort to upload your slide show by the session deadline of the preceding half-day.
Poster SessionsPoster sessions are located in the courtyard of Schneider Hall. Individual poster space will be a 4' by 8' board, and you can only use pushpins to tack up your poster. The boards do not accept Velcro. Free pushpins will be available. Morning posters are to be displayed at 8 a.m. and removed at noon; while afternoon posters are to be displayed at 1:30 p.m. and removed by 5:30 p.m. Authors are to be present between 9 and 11 a.m. for morning sessions, and between 2:30 and 4:30 p.m. for afternoon sessions.
- T1. Advances in Glacial Sediment Characterization: Implications for Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport Modeling. Larry Lemke, Wayne State Univ., ldlemkewayne.edu; Remke Van Dam, Michigan State Univ., rvdmsu.edu.
- Glacial sediments form a significant portion of aquifers in the north-central United States. Groundwater flow and contaminant transport studies in such aquifers depend on conceptual models to define aquifer system architectures and to predict spatial distributions of their physical and chemical properties. Combinations of new and traditional stratigraphic, geophysical, and stochastic methods are increasingly applied to characterize complex glacial aquifer systems. This session will highlight examples of innovative 2-D and 3-D mapping and modeling approaches used to address heterogeneity and uncertainty in glacial sediments. We invite contributions focusing on regional or local field studies, modeling, and combinations thereof.
- T2. Applications of Near-Surface Geophysics. Bill Sauck, Western Michigan Univ., sauckwmich.edu; Remke Van Dam, Michigan State Univ., rvdmsu.edu.
- This session highlights the geophysical methods used to address the shallow subsurface for environmental, archaeological, hydrogeological, engineering, and geological problems.
- T4. Quaternary Research in the Great Lakes Region I: The Pleistocene. Randy Schaetzl, Michigan State Univ., soilsmsu.edu; Catherine Yansa, Michigan State Univ., yansamsu.edu.
- Research on Quaternary landscapes, systems, and processes in the Great Lakes region. Emphasis is placed on research that focuses on Pleistocene-aged systems, soils, sediments, or landforms.
- T5. Quaternary Research in the Great Lakes Region II: The Holocene. Catherine Yansa, Michigan State Univ., yansamsu.edu; Randy Schaetzl, Michigan State Univ., soilsmsu.edu.
- Reconstructing Holocene-age environments within the Great Lakes region, with emphasis upon research pertaining to paleoecology, paleolimnology, and geomorphology.
- T6. Quaternary Time Machine: Methods and Analyses of Soils and Sediments to Reveal Secrets of Past Environments. M. Kathyrn Rocheford, Univ. of Iowa, kat-rocheforduiowa.edu; Maija Sipola, Univ. of Iowa, maija-sipolauiowa.edu.
- "Environments" can be interpreted as climate, landscape, and/or vegetation, whether "natural/native" or anthropogenically modified. This session will include presentations from multiple disciplines that use any methodology for dating soils and sediment or for analyzing their physical and/or chemical characteristics, including, but not limited to organic matter, microbial activity, carbon/nitrogen sequestration, or environmental or isotopic tracers.
- T7. Cultural Geology: Heritage Stone, Buildings, Parks, and More. Cosponsored by Heritage Stone Task Group of the IUGS. Nelson Shaffer, Indiana Geological Survey, shaffernindiana.edu; Joe Hannibal, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, jhannibacmnh.org.
- This session will include presentations on building stones, including heritage stones; terroir; parks as they relate to the interface of geology and human culture, and other topics that relate the geological sciences to human activities.
- T8. Addressing Environmental Aspects of Geology: Research, Pedagogy, and Public Policy. Mike Phillips, Illinois Valley Community College, firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Many geoscientists investigate the interaction of humans with Earth's processes and materials. From identifying hazards to locating resources to mitigating impacts, geology plays a crucial role in helping people live with the earth. This session will be a broad exploration of environmental geoscience from inquiry through practice and will include discussions of research as well as application through education, community outreach, and work with policy makers.
- T9. Sources, Transport, and Fate of Trace Elements and Organics in the Environment. Cosponsored by the International Association of GeoChemistry. Ryan Vannier, Michigan State Univ., vannierrmsu.edu; Colleen McLean, Youngstown State Univ., cemcleanysu.edu.
- Basic and applied research on inorganic and organic chemicals in the environment. Topics include those that relate to understanding and modeling sources, transport and fate; human and ecosystem health; and environmental assessment and remediation.
- T10. Mapping the Glacial Geology of the Great Lakes States. Cosponsored by the Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition. Kevin Kincare, USGS, kkincareusgs.gov; Dick Berg, Illinois State Geological Survey, bergisgs.illinois.edu.
- The stratigraphy of the glacial deposits of the Great Lakes has both economic and scientific importance. While the region benefits greatly from extracting the sand and gravel and groundwater resources contained in the glacial deposits, our knowledge of them is not commensurate to our economic reliance. This session examines recent mapping of glacial deposits as well as use of the maps to interpret depositional environments, stratigraphic relationships, and glacial processes. This session also focuses on developing derivative products, such as hydrostratigraphy of glacial deposits, glacial-aquifer sensitivity to surface activities, and reserve estimates of construction aggregates.
- T11. Working with Pre-Service Teachers—Issues and Ideas. Kyle Gray, Univ. of Northern Iowa, kyle.grayuni.edu; Anthony Feig, Central Michigan Univ., anthony.feigcmich.edu.
- Many college and university-based earth scientists interact with pre-service teachers on a regular basis. Regardless of whether they are pre-K, elementary, or secondary education majors, many of our students have received little or no exposure to earth-science topics before attending our courses. As a result, they often enter our classrooms afraid of teaching earth science. Such barriers to teaching pose a challenge to earth-science faculty, but they can be addressed through a variety of creative pedagogies and theoretical frameworks. This session is intended for anyone who teaches pre-service teachers in any capacity including (but not limited to) content courses and methods courses. We welcome any presentations that discuss new lesson ideas, research regarding pre-service populations, theoretical approaches to teacher training, or strategies for improving K–12 earth-science education in general.
- T12. Research in Earth Science Education. Cosponsored by Central Section, NAGT. Heather Petcovic, Western Michigan Univ., heather.petcovicwmich.edu; Sandra Rutherford, Univ. of Wisconsin, srutherfordwisc.edu.
- What do we know about how people think, feel, perceive, and understand about Earth? This session will share research on the teaching and learning of earth science in classroom, laboratory, field, and informal settings. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies describing cognitive and affective factors that impact learning as well as studies of specific curricula, pedagogy, or interventions will be highlighted.
- T13. Innovative Earth Science Teacher Professional Development. Mark Klawiter, Michigan Technological Univ., mfklawitmtu.edu; Carol Engelmann; Emily Gochis; Erika Vye; Heather Petcovic; Stephen Mattox.
- Quality geoscience professional development (PD) experiences that address the needs of the participating teachers will improve teaching and learning in K–12 earth-science classrooms and promote student interest in geoscience careers. This session will present innovative methods of PD for teachers in the classroom and in the field and invites presentations that highlight programs or workshops offering high-quality PD opportunities in the geosciences, as well as presentations from teacher participating in these opportunities.
- T14. Teaching and Learning Earth Science: K–16 Educational Pedagogy. Cosponsored by North-Central Section, NAGT). Katie Johnson, Eastern Illinois Univ., kjohnson4eiu.edu; Stephen Mattox, Grand Valley State Univ., mattoxsgvsu.edu.
- This theme session encourages abstract submissions from K–16 educators who would like to share insights into teaching and or learning of earth-science content. The goal for this session is to attract presentations showcasing a myriad of activities using diverse instructional strategies. As educators, many of us search for interesting and effective activities that will help our students to learn better and more efficiently. We also welcome abstracts from researchers offering insights into cognition and processing of earth-science information that will help us to teach more effectively.
- T15. Paleontology as a Murder Mystery: How the Study of Predation and Taphonomy Reveals the Means, Motives & Opportunities of Ancient Perpetrators and Their Victims. Karen Koy, Missouri Western Univ., kkoymissouriwestern.edu; Joseph E. Peterson, Univ. of Wisconsin–Oshkosh, petersojuwosh.edu.
- Paleontology is limited in the types of information preserved by the fossil record, mostly physical traces on or in body fossils and sediments. Left with these traces, paleontologists, like crime scene investigators, must gather and interpret evidence to determine past events. This session will focus on the "crime scene" of the fossil record, featuring research that uses descriptive and/or experimental methods to reveal the "facts of the case."
- T17. Special Poster Session on Undergraduate Research (Posters). Ed Hansen, Hope College, hansenhope.edu; Robert Schuster, Univ. of Nebraska, rshusterunomaha.edu.
- These are posters authored and presented by undergraduate students on their research projects, activities, techniques, and/or preliminary results. Co-authored or multi-authored papers for which the student is senior author and presenter will be considered. Any field in geosciences is acceptable.
- T18. Recent Advances in the Studies on the Origin of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Joyashish Thakurta, Western Michigan Univ., joyashish.thakurtawmich.edu.
- The session will be based on the latest developments in our understanding about the origin of magmatic and hydrothermal mineral deposits using techniques in petrology, geochemistry, and structural geology. This will also include discussions on the tectonic control of ore mineralizations, particularly with respect to subduction zones and intra-cratonic rift related systems. Studies in relation to metallogenesis in the upper mid-western United States are especially invited.
- T19. Hydrogeologic Investigations for Improved Assessment of Water Availability and Use in the Glaciated United States. Randall Bayless, USGS, ebaylessusgs.gov; Howard Reeves, USGS.
- Accurate assessments of water availability and use in the glaciated United States are essential for the long-term sustainability of the United States and Canada. The hydrogeologic settings are diverse and complex, and much essential information that is required for accurate assessments is not yet available. This session will examine current investigations that seek to expand and refine pertinent information, including climate, recharge, discharge, extraction, groundwater-surface water interactions, geologic characterization, groundwater flow, and non-point source water-quality issues.
- T20. Applied Geology: Engineering, Environmental, Geotechnical, and Hydrogeology. Cosponsored by the Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists. Terry R. West, Purdue Univ., trwestpurdue.edu.
- T21. Field Trips, Guidebooks, and Apps: Exploring the Present, Past, and Future of Geological Field Trips and Field Trip Guidebooks. Joe Hannibal. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, jhannibacmnh.org; Kevin R. Evans, Missouri State Univ., KevinEvansmissouristate.edu.
- Field trips are a core concept in the geosciences. They are typically better and more seriously organized than field trips in other related scientific fields. Field trips guidebooks, whether produced for specific field trips or not, are used for a variety of educational and scientific purposes. This session will explore the history, future, and all other aspects of geological field trips and field trip guidebooks.
- T22. Topics in Vertebrate Paleontology. Michael J. Ryan, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, mryancmnh.org; Evan Scott, Case Western Reserve Univ., ees20case.edu.
- Talks are invited on all aspects of vertebrate paleontology, especially from those related to Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertebrates.
- T23. Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Sciences. Mohamed Sultan, Western Michigan University, firstname.lastname@example.com; Richard Becker, University of Toledo, firstname.lastname@example.com
- This session highlights advances in applying remote sensing to monitor temporal changes in a wide range of natural systems and to investigate the impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors on such systems. Specifically, we seek abstracts that address the potential influences of natural processes, global change and regional human activities on the environment. With the advancement of high-spatial and spectral resolution satellite and aircraft imagery, many applications are being developed for mapping and monitoring purposes. Many of these applications integrate observations from remote sensing data with others extracted from traditional data sources for a better understanding of environmental problems on local, regional, and global scales. Subjects include, but are but not limited to, natural hazards, hydrologic systems, landscape evolution, and the impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors on such systems.


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