text:
Home List of Titles Early-type galaxies at large galactocentric radii II: metallicity gradients and the [Z/H]-mass, [alpha/Fe]-mass relations
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/95160
|Download PDF (Accepted manuscript) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, 943 KB)
- Title
- Early-type galaxies at large galactocentric radii II: metallicity gradients and the [Z/H]-mass, [alpha/Fe]-mass relations
- Author(s)
- Spolaor, Max; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Forbes, Duncan A.; Couch, Warrick J.; Hau, George K. T.
- Abstract
- We present the results of a study of stellar population properties at large galactocentric radii of 14 low-mass early-type galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo clusters. We derive radial profiles of age, total metallicity [Z/H] and [α/Fe] abundance ratios out to ∼1–3 effective radii by using nearly all of the Lick/IDS absorption-line indices in comparison to recent single stellar population models. We extend our study to higher galaxy mass via a novel literature compilation of 37 early-type galaxies, which provides stellar population properties out to one effective radius. We find that metallicity gradients correlate with galactic mass, and the relationship shows a sharp change in slope at a dynamical mass of ∼3.5 × 1010 M⊙. The central and mean values of the stellar population parameters (measured in r≤re/8 and at r=re, respectively) define positive mass trends. We suggest that the low metallicities, almost solar [α/Fe] ratios and the tight mass–metallicity gradient relation displayed by the low-mass galaxies are indicative of an early star-forming collapse with extended (i.e. ≥1 Gyr), low-efficiency star formation, and mass-dependent galactic outflows of metal-enriched gas. The flattening of metallicity gradients in high-mass galaxies and the broad scatter of the relationship are attributed to merger events. The high metallicities and supersolar abundances shown by these galaxies imply a rapid, high efficiency star formation. The observed [Z/H]–mass and [α/Fe]–mass relationships can be interpreted as a natural outcome of an early star-forming collapse. However, we find that hierarchical galaxy formation models implementing mass-dependent star formation efficiency, varying initial mass function, energy feedback via active galactic nucleus and the effects due to merger-induced starbursts can also reproduce both our observed relationships.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
- Source
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 408, no. 1 (Oct 2010), pp. 272-292
- Publication year
- 2010
- FOR Code(s)
- 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences
- Keyword(s)
- Abundances; Dwarf galaxies; Elliptical galaxies; Galaxy evolution; Galaxy formation; Lenticular galaxies; Stellar content
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
- 0035-8711
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation copyright © 2010 RAS. Accepted manuscript reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


text:
Weddings at Stonehurst Place Atlanta are one of the great joys of being innkeepers.
When a newly engaged couple searches for an intimate Atlanta wedding and chooses one of our Effortless Elopement packages, the honor and responsibility of making that day perfect is not lost on us. The fact that Paul and I are sometimes the only witnesses to such moments makes the honor even more profound. We believe that Stonehurst is the perfect venue for today's new wedding.
Research shows a growing trend of small, intimate weddings, fueled by two factors: economy and the age of today's bride and groom. According to The Knot, considered the authority on all things wedding, the average wedding today costs about $29,000. That's a price that many couples are not willing or able to pay. In addition, the average bride's age is now 27 and most grooms are tying the knot at 29. Coordinating a wedding, while balancing work and perhaps family, is difficult.
The Wedding Report, a market research firm, has been tracking the change, noting that in the last year, couples participating in the company's surveys have increasingly reported a desire for "fun, romantic, simple, casual and unique weddings."
Where is the perfect venue for this fun, romantic, simple, casual and unique wedding? We think it's Stonehurst Place!
During the past year we have witnessed some of the sweetest weddings ever! And although we have three different elopement 'levels' and can accommodate up to fifty guests, there are no cookie-cutter weddings here. Most newly engaged couples make an appointment to tour the house and to discuss their plans. One of our most memorable weddings only included the bride and groom, Paul and I, and one photographer. The newly-married couple went home the next day to surprise their family and friends at a dinner party. Equally as remarkable was the wedding on New Year's Eve that included family and friends, with a special toast at Midnight.
We work hard at putting the "Effortless" into the Stonehurst Place Effortless Elopement & Wedding packages.
Levels include a ceremony of a specific length, and a maximum guest count. They include the officiant, the bouquet and boutonniere, an incredible cake, two Stonehurst Place champagne flutes, a Stonehurst Place gown hanger, music of your selection, and accommodations for the wedding couple. Pricing does not include a photographer, but we have some very good recommendations.
As one recent bride put it, "Our wedding was absolutely perfect! Thank you for making every effort to make this time extra special for us!"
~ Innkeeper Lori

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Deutsche Bahn AG was founded in 1994. Today, it is one of the world's leading passenger and logistics companies, operating in over 130 countries. The company's railway activities are its core business in Germany. Every day about 300,000 employees are committed to providing mobility and logistical services for customers around the world, as well as controlling and operating the related transport networks in the rail, land, ocean, and air freight transport sectors. In the Passenger transport division (DB Bahn) the company transports in its busses and trains about eleven million passengers a day all over Europe. Moreover, approximately 400 million tons of freight are transported by rail every year.
The main focal points of the company's strategy, in addition to increasing its international activities, are linking together all modes of transport, and building overlapping and comprehensive intermodal travel and logistics chains. This is how the company is meeting the changing challenges posed by the market, which is increasingly demanding efficient and environmentally friendly services from a single source. Already today, Deutsche Bahn AG with its subdivisions is providing answers to the determining trends of globalization, climate change, and scarcity of resources, as well as deregulation.
DB Bahn. Discover Germany by Rail.
Germany is a railway country. A closely linked network of more than 33,000 kilometers (20,500 miles) provides connections between all major cities – and more than that: DB Bahn's regular train services can get you even to the smallest towns and the most outlying corners of the Federal Republic. As such, you can explore the region you have chosen for your holiday without any stress, or travel in relaxed style to your next business appointment.
You can count on a well-coordinated timetable for your trip: waiting times between connections will be kept to a minimum. DB Bahn will do everything it can to make your trip comfortable and relaxed – and also to make your stops at stations as pleasant as possible.
With services and offers designed to suit every travel occasion and budget, discovering Germany by rail has become a thoroughly pleasant and inexpensive experience. There are countless options for you to pass the journey in the way that suits you best. Rail passengers in Germany benefit from a range of special offers and concessions. These include saver tickets and the Germany Pass.
Discover Germany from the North and Baltic Sea down to the Black Forest and the Bavarian Alps. Experience the culture and history in vibrant cities such as Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. Visit German river valleys, fairytale castles, and enchanting medieval towns.
Nothing in Germany is easier, faster or more comfortable than traveling by train.
For further information, visit us on www.bahn.com
The Easy Way to Travel.
When you arrive in Germany by air, DB Bahn is there to take you further – quickly, directly, comfortably and economically. Fly to any major airport and connect directly to DB Bahn's rail and service networks using one of our convenient airport railway stations, e.g. in Frankfurt, Düsseldorf or Cologne.
The close networking of train and plane allows for an uncomplicated and time-efficient transfer from one mode of transport to the other. This enables you to reach any German cityor region of your choice in an easy and comfortable way. No matter how you connect to our network, satisfaction is guaranteed.
DB Bahn offers a variety of special offers and discounts to help you get the most out of your travels.
The saver fare for Germany (called Sparpreis) is our ongoing special throughout Germany. It is available starting at 29 euros and is valid for any journey across Germany. Travel from Frankfurt to Berlin in just over 4 hours or reach Munich in 3 hours on our Intercity-Express (ICE) trains, all at speeds of up to 300 km/h (185 MPH).
Tickets can be easily booked online and printed at home www.bahn.com
Please note that availability is limited and terms and conditions apply.
DB Bahn. Full Flexibility for Non-Europeans.
Our German Rail Pass gives you the most flexibility to travel throughout Germany, allowing access to all DB Bahn-operated trains starting at just under 200 euros. This pass has different validities: either several travel dates or consecutives days in a row.
As a German Rail Pass holder you receive several added benefits.
Inform yourself and order your German Rail Pass online at www.bahn.com/germanrailpass. Print it out right away or have it sent to your home address today.
Please note that this offer only applies for people residing outside Europe, Turkey and the Russian Federation (passport must be shown when traveling).
DB Bahn. Europe the Smart way. At High Speed.
Traveling beyond Germany? Exploring Europe is convenient and affordable with DB Bahn's saver fare for Europe (called Europa-Spezial)! Travel from Germany to 15 European countries starting at 39 euros. For example, take a train from Frankfurt to Amsterdam or Paris in less than 4 hours from 39 euros!
Traveling by train between European cities saves time and money. The DB Bahn network transports you directly to city centers at unbeatable prices and levels of comfort. Take advantage of this special offer and enjoy the rich history and culture throughout Europe.
Booking with DB Bahn is easy whether you book online, at the station, or over the telephone. We are also partners with travel agents near you who are authorized to sell DB Bahn products.
Additionally, DB Bahn offers several amenities and extra services to our customers.
For those looking to save a day and travel overnight, the City Night Line service transports you between German and European cities. Our most common routes connect Germany and the Netherlands to Switzerland and Austria, while service is available to further destinations such as Budapest, Rome, or Moscow. Prices per person and route in a couchette car begin at just 59 euros.
The City Night Line is fast and affordable. For example, travel from Munich to Rome starting at 59 euros. Leave Munich in the evening and arrive well rested in Rome the next morning.
DB Bahn. First Class Travel.
DB Bahn also invites you to experience the luxury of first class. Enjoy the privileges of our first class services as you speed to your destination. Work in comfort from our spacious and comfortable seats, or simply relax while you travel safely. A wide range of services is offered while you travel to your destination. First class compartments on ICE trains are fully air-conditioned, maintain a stylish interior with a relaxing atmosphere, offer enhanced cell phone and wireless reception, as well as designated quiet areas. A selection of beverages and meals from our menus can be served at your seat. Travelling with the ICE is proven to be a real pleasure and its first class comfort is sure to win you over.
First class comfort comes at affordable prices. For our saver fare for Germany, first class starts at 49 euros and 69 euros for the saver fare for Europe. Treat yourself to the luxury of first class on your next business trip or holiday!
Curious about DB Bahn Train Technology?
DB Bahn operates different types oftrains on its network and is always on the cutting edge of rail technology.
Our Intercity-Express (ICE) trains provide the fastest and most comfortable way to travel on the DB Bahn network, reaching speeds of up to 300 km/h (185 mph), and new standards of excellence. Our Intercity (IC) and Eurocity (EC) trains are the next fastest of our fleet, shuttling you on a regular schedule between major German and bordering European cities. To travel between smaller cities, use our local trains (Regional Express (RE) or Regionalbahn (RB)) or the local urban transit (S-Bahn). Each model is incredibly safe, comfortable, and modern.
Hassle-Free Group Travel.
DB Bahn offers several discounts for group travel throughout Germany and even internationally. Whether you are travelling with friends, schools or colleagues, DB Bahn helps you save up to 70% on the regular price of your rail travel.
Depending on group size and travel interest, DB Bahn offers you different attractive group fares. Group contingents can be booked up to 12 months in advance. Please note that group discounts are subject to availability.
Barrier-Free Travel for the Mobility-Impaired
A comprehensive range of services for passengers with restricted mobility is available. Staff, for example, is on hand at stations to help passengers on and off trains and to make their connections, while the mobility service enables wheelchair users to find barrier-free trains they can travel on without difficulty. Travel by bus, tram and suburban railway (S-Bahn) is free of charge for people with disabilities.
If you have a mobility impairment and need advice on planning your journey, wish to make a seat reservation or require timetable information – please inform yourself on the website mentioned above.
Full Flexibility and Spontaneity.
Traveling with DB Bahn you can decide on the spot where and when to continue your journey – with a Rail Pass or a flexible ticket.
Depending on your travel occasion and ticket, our offers allow for different degrees of flexibility. Whilst saver fares for Germany and Europe are limited to a certain day of travel and a particular train, flexible tickets guarantee full flexibility without any additional charge. These tickets are valid for every DB train that meets the specifications of your booking. Just board the train and get going – travel flexibly at any time.
You can book your DB tickets in one of our sales offices or online at www.bahn.com, where you also have the possibility to make a hotel reservation via our hotel partner. Please have a look at our Tourism section.
Rail Passes are a flexible and uncomplicated alternative. The German Rail Pass is ideal for travel throughout Germany. For travelers exploring Europe, a Eurail Pass is the appropriate option.
For further information please refer to www.bahn.com
Sales Partnerships
Extend your product and service portfolio to make your website more attractive for customers.
Apply now at www.bahn.com/online-cooperations
Benefits of cooperation
- Sell tickets for travel in Germany at high speed from as little as 29 euros
- Sell tickets from Germany to and from other European destinations from as little as 39 euros
- Attractive compensation with automated billing
- Easy fulfilment as print@home
- Image transfer from a strong brand
- Personal contact and support from DB
For further information and for bookings, please visit our website at: www.bahn.com
If you have any queries about your booking or journey, please do not hesitate to contact us:
Deutsche Bahn Booking Centre
Phone: +44 8718 80 80 66 (charges may apply)
Online service and booking support
For support regarding online tickets, online booking and online ticket changes/refunds, please contact:
Phone: +49 1806 - 10 11 11 (extra charges may apply)
or send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com
For further information regarding booking and timetables, please visit:


text:
|Thread Tools
Church of Misery -- Los Angeles, CA -- June 5th, 2012
El Padrino
Candy Man
Taste the Pain
Born to Raise Hell
Blood Sucking Freak
Shotgun Boogie
I, Mother fucker
War is our Destiny (Saint Vitus Cover)
Holy fucking shit…
HOLY MOTHER FUCKING SHIT. This show was heavier than a ton of bricks. I have officially witnessed my 2012 show of the year. It's still too soon but I'm gonna bite my lip on this one and say right now that not even the all mighty slayer whom are my favorite band in the fucking universe can surpass the heaviness that i just witness just only 2 hours ago. Church of Misery are not only one of the greatest live bands that i have ever seen but they might just be the heaviest fucking shit I have ever seen since…fuck, I have never even witness anything so loud, so heavy, and thickened with waves of fucking bricks of heavy distorted riffs, Words can't even describe how blown away i was by these crazy fuckers performance. I'm sure those that saw them in CiT and MDF thought they were great and maybe not amazing, but you people have to witness a band like Church of Misery at a small intimate little bar, rather than a open Music fest with shit ton of people and wide open spaces. A band like Church of Misery must be seen in a much smaller, more intimate clubs and bars where the space is very limited so you are forced to get slapped in the face by waves and waves of heavy thick distorted doom riffidge. HEAVIEST FUCKING SHIT I HAVE EVER SEEN. THIS SHIT TOOK THE WORD HEAVY TO A WHOLE OTHER LEVEL AND ELEVATED THAT "H" IN HEAVY with more waves of thick driven doom goodness than I could have possibly imagined. I think i have made myself pretty clear that is is the best show that I have attended this year and will most likely be my number one show of the year. Tatsu mimaki blew my mind away as he worked wonders with his bass creating loud HEAVY fucking thick ass distorted groovy doodles and jam out, and during the actual songs he just fucking
Sorry. I'm still a little over excited from the show. I ended up getting right in the front, there was no rail or any barricade to separate the fans from the band or the equipment so I was pretty much standing right next to the band and touching them and screaming random fan request into their faces through out their amazing performance, ahahhaha, there were many times when the lead singer would kneel on me to start belching out and start screaming out lyrics, he was all over the place like a fucking mad man, I loved it!!! And he shook my hands and would give me the mic to scream with him during songs like Born to Raise Hell and Killfornia. I really liked how there was no rail or baracde to separate us from the band, so It was 100 % in YOUR FACE, action everywhere, and by action I literally MEAN ACTION, Tatsu, and the rest of the members were literally right in my fucking chin, giving me devil horns and acknowledging my existence and presence since I was right up in the bands grill, just going ape shit, jumping up and down with them, it was like one big happy doom family, being at these kind of shows makes miss shows that don't have barricades or stupid rails. Awwh i miss those, you get to be even more up close and personal with the band! anyways, Everyone was just going crazy in the front, especially these two drunk mother fuckers, this one guy would sometimes just lay his whole body on the stage floor and start hounding around like a dog as he would air guitar solo around the band and act like a drunk crazy kook, and the singer would sit on him as a joke and start screaming out lyrics to the songs they were playing. I myself was also partaking in many air guitar soloing and heavy amounts of head banging as they blazed through classics like I, Mother fucker and Born to Raise Hell. I had my devil horns high and mighty through out the Churches set, representing my love for their awesome heavy thick slabs of Doom Heaven. This was not only one of the loudest shows i have ever witness, but HANDS DOWN THE HEAVIEST SHIT EVER. Oh my lord when they busted out TASTE THE PAIN, i could feel my balls tingle as they were getting slapped by heavy amounts of distorted thick bobbing doom riffs as Tatsu and the rest of the gang brought out all the doom artillery they can bring out. Oh yeah and i would also like note that HAIL HORNET is the fucking shit, oh my god they were fucking loud and Dave Dixies Bass was the craziest sounding shit I have ever hear, speaking of dave..
Dave Dixie colleens is easily one of the coolest and fucking kookiest drunkin bass player i have ever laid my eyes on, jesus christ he was a fucking drunkin' maniac, but a good fucking drunkin' maniac. He was just ripping that bass a fucking part, holy mother of god is that guy a sight to behold. During Hail Hornets set, after every song was finished Dave would take a bunch of shots and swigs of booze before busting out the next song, and he had this crazy kooky stare through out their performance. He would look at the crowed in a really weird but cool sort of way, he would do this while he drools and has massive amounts of thick ass disgusting saliva dripping and spewing down all the way to the tip of his beard, and he would flip the audience off in a nice way every four seconds. DIXIE was seriously a fucking animal on stage, in a good way though, I should also once again remind everyone that this guy was drinking a shit load every time a song was finished, some times a fan or two would hand him a shot to take, ahahha Dave Dixie, you are the fucking shit.
As i said earlier, Church of Misery is a band that you gotta witness in small ass little intimate places(same with Hail hornet), rather than big wide open fests with big crowed capacities. The turn out was pretty good as well, tons of people showed up to a pretty packed Bar. During the middle of the set was when the crowed started getting really rowdy! No evil ass moshing or shit like that, but waves of headbangers and fist pumping devil horn fisting folks were taking over the entire venue as the band was crushing our minds with their thick stoner ass heavy doom fucking riffs. I will say that I was a bit disappointed that they decided to not play spahn ranch or Red ripper blues, especially since i kept screaming those two songs for them to play through out their set. But nothing could prepare me for what was to come as the band left, only to return to the stage to play what eventually would be the encore and the last song of the night. When the band left I started screaming ENCORE as well as a few other folks, and then the chants of
"ENCORE, ENCORE, ENCORE" Began. And soon…. Church of Misery returned on stage with full force, bringing out members of Gates of Slumber and Hail Hornet with them. The members of Gates of Slumber and Hail Hornet started setting up their equipment, and soon the band started doodling around with their instruments and eventually going into the last and final song…..
War is Our Destiny by Saint Vitus!!!!!!!
HOLY MOTHER FUCKING GOD, The moment that opening riff started, I just couldn't believe it!!! I started jumping up in down in a crazy frenzie, knowing what was a bout to come after that opening riff!! AND BOOM the entire place just explodes!! There must of been a ton of Saint Vitus fans at the venue because this was easily the song that got EVERYONE MOVING!! The entire place went fucking ballistics!! myself included! This was the greatest cover performance i had ever witness by any band. Church of Misery did justice to the Saint Vitus Cover and it was a tremendous way to finish off the set. The entire set i felt that the crowed was some what tame, but when they busted out War is Our Destiney by Saint Vitus, jesus christ the entire place exploded, every single man and women in that place was fucking going ape shit to the maximum. When they first got on stage to do the encore I kept repeatedly screaming RED RIPPER BLUES, but to no avail, but playing War is Our Destiny more than made up for my missing fan request, this shit just took the cake, and easily an amazing way to end what was an amazing set. One of the best closings i have ever seen in a bands set... War is Our Destiny was the PERFECT way to end the set…..
Church of Misery is the best show of 2012 for me, with Autopsy just right behind them. Fuck all of you who disagree with me. Highlight was the entire Hail Hornet Set, Seeing Tatsu Rock that fucking bass, Taste the pain, and War is Our Destiney by Saint Vitus. Oh and of course the hot metal head brawdz scattered through out the venue. Good show and i'm really glad i got to make it out for tonight because these days it's much more difficult for me to find time to go to shows since i work two jobs, but damn oh damn, glad i took this chance for tonight and Church of Misery, you guys are my heroes.
One last note: As soon as I arrived to the bar, church of misery was just chilling out side, all the members were just kicking it with the fans and drinking beer and chatting about random shit, sadly I was too shy and too stoned to go up to any of the members for a john hancock or a picture, plus they seemed so busy getting crowded up by all their fans, I just didn't feel like disturbing them
Anyways, there you have it folks. Heavy night full of heavy doom filled goodness
8/31 - Sleep
11/10 - Judas Priest
11/14 - Slayer
Last edited by Sepultura69; 06-06-2012 at 02:21 PM.
Nice man! That's fucking awesome that you got their Saint Vitus cover with the bands joining in! reminds me of when Down brings the other bands their touring with for the finale! that must have been fucking crushing. Oh and guess what? in my drunk-end state the night of the concert I thought it was Megalomania I got footage of but no... it was Spahn Ranch lol I'll post that shit as soon as I get a chance.
But oh my lord, Church of Misery was easily the heaviest shit ever. And I think Hail Hornet may be the loudest band i have ever seen since Motorhead. Either they just wanted to be over exaggeratingly fucking loud(in a good way), or that's just how they usually like to play. Goddamn.
I'm pretty certain there must have been tons of Saint Vitus fans at this show because through out their one hour performance there was really no crowded interaction or pits, but goddamn when War is our Destiny got busted out, that place went fucking nuts, Crazy, insane, I don't know how else to put, Calm cool and collected is the last thing I would call it....
8/31 - Sleep
11/10 - Judas Priest
11/14 - Slayer
Last edited by Sepultura69; 06-06-2012 at 02:18 AM.
8/31 - Sleep
11/10 - Judas Priest
11/14 - Slayer
I know how feel man, I couldn't sleep either! My neck was fucking sore all of the entire day after from the headbanging I did.
8/31 - Sleep
11/10 - Judas Priest
11/14 - Slayer
So glad I went to this show. Gates of Slumber were great as were Hail Hornet. The bassist was a fucking madman.
Holy fuck were Church of Misery great. I was not expecting the crowd to be so insane and that made the show that much better. I'm not too familiar with their songs but I think "Born to Raise Hell" really got people moving. And the last couple songs were great as was the Vitus cover. I was wearing a Vitus shirt haha
8/31 - Sleep
11/10 - Judas Priest
11/14 - Slayer
|church of misery
|Thread Tools


text:
New novel tackles the story of Lucy Ann (aka Joseph) Lobdell; 'The female hunter of Long Eddy'
July 31, 2013 —
Who was Lucy Ann Lobdell? Bill Klaber struggled with that question for years, and now he's answered it in a richly imagined historical novel, "The Rebellion of Lucy Ann Lobdell." It's his take on a larger-than-life local character, who perplexed, scandalized and sometimes amused 19th century America. Lobdell's rebellion, according to Klaber, "was taking off women's clothes and putting on men's clothes"—a simple act, but one with far-reaching and ultimately tragic consequences.
Lucy Ann was born and raised on Basket Creek in Fremont Center. While in her early 20s, she slipped out of her parent's house and set off for Honesdale wearing clothes belonging to her brother. She was determined to live life as a man.
Basket Creek is also Klaber's home, and it's not a stretch to say that he never would have written this book had he lived anywhere else. He first heard about Lucy Ann from Jack Niflot, a local historian who had been gathering material about her for years. Niflot hoped to unearth a rumored autobiography, or perhaps write a history of her life, but the firsthand account couldn't be found and the factual record was sketchy. Stymied, he turned to Bill Klaber. Niflot first teased Klaber with the story, then handed him two satchels stuffed with all the documents he'd collected. Lucy Ann's legend was now in Bill Klaber's hands.
Like Niflot before him, Klaber set out to write a non-fiction account, but abandoned the effort. There was enough material for a "dull book" he says, but he couldn't hope to do justice to his subject if he was bound by the known facts. Lucy Ann had re-invented herself; now it seemed Klaber would have to reinvent her as well. It was a daunting task for a writer who had never tackled fiction.
While researching his subject, Klaber relied on the Wayne County Historical Society. There he plowed through old editions of The Wayne Independent and the Hancock Herald. As he pursued his subject, he learned more about Lucy Ann, but he also discovered a vanished world—one where young women were encouraged to use beauty aids called "lady plumpers"—devices inserted in the mouth to fill out the cheeks. Lucy Ann was expert with a rifle; she could down a panther with a single shot and live alone in the woods for months on end. She would never wear lady plumpers to please a man.


text:
Kemononmimi: Moe Races for Dungeons & Dragons 5e opens some interesting options for character race by opening seven races of animal spirit touched beings for use as characters. While they certainly will not be to the taste of every player, or fit in every campaign, there are some good and useful ideas here that are worth taking a look at if animal-themed races have a place in your game world.
Kemononmimi: Moe Races for Dungeons & Dragons 5e by Wojciech Gruchala and Greg LaRose and published by Amora Game presents the seven new subraces of the Kemononmimi, animal spirits given human form to aid humanity. The layout is clear with color artwork illustration for each of the different type of Kemononmimi.
Simply put the Kemononmimi are animal spirits that were given human form to aid, guide and protect humanity. For example, the Inumimi (dog spirits) were tasked as guardians and the Akaimimi (red panda spirits) are to help humankind in its spiritual and meditative journey. They all share darkvision, an affinity for the animals their spirits reflect but otherwise have statistic and skill bonuses to reflect their personalities and assigned role. It seems to me that the universal traits could have been placed at the beginning of the descriptions rather than fully repeated for each but that is a minor layout issue.
For the right campaign niche, they could be quite interesting to encounter in game and the animal-person vibe will appeal to some players. Though some DM guideline on divination might not have been a bad call as the Akaimimi gain supernatural insight in the form of the Augury spell once a day, and if you give a player character a free use of Augury each day, they are going to use it. The other spirits all have their own themes as well with the effect that there is a subrace of the Kemononmimi here for most player styles.
If this product has a weakness is that it is only the Kemononmimi, no backgrounds or other support material is provided to allow for quick, thematic character generation.
Disclosure: As a featured reviewer for RPGNow/DriveThroughRPG, I received my copy of this product for free from the publisher for the purpose of this review.
Note: Read more reviews and other gaming articles at my journal https://seaofstarsrpg.wordpress.com/
Genies for Fifth Edition is not, as one might expect from the title, a book of genie-type creatures (though it does include four genies of legend) but rather primarily a book about genies and their magic. If you are thinking of including genies in your D&D Fifth edition game, this product, though short, will give you useful ideas and tools to build from.
Genies for Fifth Edition is for D&D 5e by Colin McLaughlin and published by Tribality Publishing is about genies and their magic. The layout is clear with thematic color photographs for illustrations.
It begins with a brief look at how genies perceive the world and the four elemental courts they are organized into, and what they want. It is short but evocative and provides the framework for the rest of the book.
Next are four genies of legend, each one a powerful exemplar of its element and has their own lair, briefly described, complete with lair actions. These are tough (CR 16) beings so not everyday encounters but good to have access to in a world with genies about.
Next there are new spells: one aligned with each element for Cantrip (Zero), First and Fourth Level spells. The First level spells are an interesting design as each enhance the cantrip of the same elemental type. While the fourth level spells let you call upon the power of the genie-kind, granting you a spark of their power including protection from their element.
Eleven new magic items (the "Genie's Horde") round out the product with a good mix of weapons, defenses and utility items including a cursed hat and a carpet that functions as a trap. A nice selection even if a few are quite specialized, a common trait among D&D magic items though.
A good selection of genie-based magic and idea here, that being said, it really seems like this book should have had a genie-based subclass or two to really have a character type who was integrated into the lore presented here.
Kemononmimi: Moe Races for Pathfinder opens some interesting thematic options for character race. While they certainly will not be to the taste of every player, or fit in every campaign, there are some fun and interesting ideas here that are worth taking a look at if animal-themed races have a place in your game world.
Kemononmimi: Moe Races for Pathfinder by Wojciech Gruchala and Greg LaRose and published by Amora Game presents the seven new subraces of the Kemononmimi, animal spirits given human form to aid humanity. The layout is clear with color artwork illustration for each of the different type of Kemononmimi.
Simply put the Kemononmimi are animal spirits that were given human form to aid, guide and protect humanity. For example, the Inumimi (dog spirits) were tasked as guardians and the Akaimimi (red panda spirits) are to help humankind in its spiritual and meditative journey. They all share low-light vision and an affinity for the animals their spirits reflect but otherwise have statistic and skill bonuses to reflect their personalities and assigned role.
For the right campaign niche, they could be quite interesting to encounter in game and the animal-person vibe will appeal to some players. Some of the particular abilities are quite interesting the Akaimimi gain supernatural insight, the Araiguma (raccoon spirits) can dowse for water and purify food by washing it in clean water while the Usagimimi (hare spirits) have a creative craftsman ability reflecting their roles as builders that encourage in game crafting. So, there is a subrace of the Kemononmimi here for most player styles.
The products only weakness is that it is just the subraces, no traits, feats, or other support material is provided to really flesh them out and give them focused, thematic options.
Shadowrun: Howling Shadows is the latest creature book for Shadowrun and as such provides new beings and new challenges. Worth putting on the 'pick up if you are a GM list' as it provides so many useful tools and potential adventure ideas, not nearly so useful for players but still a good read.
Shadowrun: Howling Shadows, is a Core Critter Book for the 5th edition of Shadowrun, so it provides additional information on the strange, wonderful and dangerous creatures out and about in the Sixth World.
The book begins with one of the ubiquitous fiction sections, then it looks into how (meta)humanity and (para)animals interact from pets to the nations that include awaken animals as citizens or even rulers. An interesting section though the viewpoint of the 'author' (as it is written in character) is a bit annoying at times.
Then we move to the part important to the core of the game, Untamed Security, which talks about how animals and para-animals are used by corporate security with subsections on how to train animals and how to defeat them. The section ends with a quick guide to how the Big Ten megacorps approach using animals for or with their security.
Next up is mundane animals, alligator, boar, cockroaches and other animals we would recognize along with rules for basic genetic modifications (cloned, luminescent and so on) of such animals. Eight new mentor spirits, from alligator to spider, are included in this section and add some nice options for magical characters.
Following is Paranormal Animals, filled with weird and wonderful creatures from the omnipresent (and omnivorous) devil rat to cerberus hounds and vollying porcupines, a fun variety to bedevil shadowrunners with. My only complaint is that there are only a few illustrations and the descriptions are often short or nonexistent, yes, we can guess what a greater wolverine is like but what does a piasma or peryton look like? We can guess but a proper description, or better yet, illustration, would have been very helpful. A subsection covers beings altered by the HMHVV (Human-MetaHuman Vampiric Virus) which comes in three types and can infect and alter just about any sentient creature, so you have elvish banshee, human vampires, ghouls and so on. Interesting and dangerous foes or possibly friends for those that still possess their intelligence.
For fun and destruction, there is a selection of Toxic Creatures and Mutants that have been changed and empowered by toxic wastes and radiation and even a couple warped by bad juju. Lovely creatures such as Radhounds, radioactive dogs that hunt in packs, and souleater leeches that, well, I will let you work that out. Many of these creatures are scenarios waiting to happen, if your shadowrunners are up to the task, most of these creatures are really dangerous. This also has a section on the awakened creatures infected by HMHVV, so lamia (infected naga), chupacabra (which seem to be genetically engineered creatures deliberately infected) and others are covered here. In this section there are two pieces of art that showed up in the first HMHVV section which is mildly annoying.
Extraplanar Travelers talks about being from the magical metaplanes who visit or have been pulled into our world, they are manifest spirits often of considerable power and alien agenda. Interesting stuff here but using it strikes me as risking really changing the tone from fantasy cyberpunk to high fantasy with high tech trappings. That warning being mentioned, I do like the Chindi, Native American vengeance spirits, and the spirit of a city made manifest, some good plot thread could be spun off from them.
Then come Technocreatures, which are to animals what technomancers are to other people, i.e. animals that can interact in technology in unique and occasionally destructive ways. From data devouring snakes to playful hacking dolphins, fun stuff to disrupt the cozy lives of the technology dependant.
Next there are the Protospapients, creatures of resonance who live in the deep web and munge (consume) code, including the dark dwelling Grue and the Sintax who very presence makes systems vulnerable to exploitation. These are things to use carefully to drive stories not just to make life miserable for characters, which they would be perfect for, but do not be that GM.
Drakes get a more in depth write up, which admits that no one is really sure how the dragons make them but they do, and more rules for playing a drake and more options for drakes. Though they are more likely to show up as NPCs then player characters as it is so expensive to play one.
The final informational section is Building Man's Best Friend which covers: creating chimeric creatures, that blend traits from multiple creatures, Warforms, which are genetically perfected animals, dogs being especially popular. Along with discussion of augmenting creatures through various technological means. This section concludes with rules for training animals.
The book wraps up with new critter powers, an index to all of the critter power and a guide to where to find the various creatures. Though it seems odd, and a missed opportunity, that we do not get any new qualities related to animals or other things included in this book.
Howling Shadows is a useful resource providing new tools for the GM, and possibly for the players, with a considerable amount of implied adventure ideas.
Mysteries of the Gods: New Cleric Domains and Spells for D&D 5e opens some interesting options for Clerics in 5e with both new Domains and new spells. Each of the new Domains suggests an interesting direct for faith in a world and the spells provide some solid support, if you are pondering what to do with clerics in your game it is well worth looking at.
Mysteries of the Gods: New Cleric Domains and Spells for D&D 5e by Brandes Stoddard and published by Tribality Publishing presents just that, three new domains and eight spells. The layout is clear with thematic color photographs for illustrations.
The Blood Domain draws on the idea of blood as potent force both of life and death, its tricks are mostly combat oriented enhancing both healing and offense. A nice balance and suitable for both heroes and villains.
The Exorcist Domain is much more focus and, as a helpful sidebar note, may not be suitable for all campaigns because of that. Its focus is on driving out possessors and denying the ability of otherworldly creatures to control others and it should be very effective in that role.
The third Domain, Spirit, slightly recasts the Cleric as shaman and mediator with the spirits (rather than a prestress of a god or gods), this domain gains a spirit guardian who protects and aid the Cleric and provides useful ability that are triggered by Channel Divinity. A interesting adaption of the clerical powers to a different aspect of spiritual belief.
Of the eight new spells, four are damaging cantrips, two of which are associated with the new domains (spirit claw for the Spirit Domain and word of censure for Exorcism) which are appropriately flavored, I would live to see a version of song of battle cantrip for the Paladin as it is so well themed. The remains four spells are 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th level and all are strongly in theme with the cleric, especially the Exorcist, righteous accusation which has the optional material component of a scroll detailing the target's crimes is fantastic. While a few the spells might lean a bit too much towards a Christian vision of the divine for some, I think that framing has always been part of clerical magic in D&D and thus appropriate.
A solid addition to the options for cleric, I would have no problem with allowing any of these in my campaign.
Disclosure: As a featured reviewer for RPGNow/DriveThroughRPG, I received my copy of this product for free from the publisher for the purpose of this review. Also, Brandes is a friend of mine and one of the players in my original Sea of Stars campaign, but I like to think that did not influence this review.
Read more reviews and other gaming articles at my journal https://seaofstarsrpg.wordpress.com/
Shadowrun: Market Panic lets you know what is going on with the megacorporation at the top of the business food chain in the Sixth World of Shadowrun. It is an interesting read and has a lot of background material that with work, could be leveraged into interesting game sessions but there is very little support for the actual game of Shadowrun in this book, it is almost entirely background material. While a fascinating read, how much use it will actually be for a campaign depends on how tightly your game is tied into higher level corporate politics.
Shadowrun: Market Panic, is a Shadowrun Campaign Book for the 5th edition of Shadowrun, so what does that mean? It means that this book all about the top tier megacorporations, the movers and shakers in the Shadowrun world.
The book begins with one of the ubiquitous fiction sections, then it looks into what life is like for the average corporate worker via a heavily noted "day in the life" report on a corporate drone. Some interesting perspective on how life is lived among the corporate masses. For the average game masters, this is probably the single most useful section.
Next, Courting Disaster, discusses the Corporate Court that oversees sorting out "disputes" between the major corporations. It gives a brief history of the court and how it has become a major power in its own right even as serving as a tool of the top megacorporations. The current judges each get a brief description but mostly this serves as a framework for the current corporate power struggles.
The rest of the product is looking at the Big Ten megacorporations in detail starting with Ares and ending with Wuxing and each starts with a one page fiction piece that tells you something about the corp followed by their corporate ranking, list of major shareholders and divisions. While each is done in a slightly different format, generally each corporation's history, corporate culture and current plans and troubles are examined along with a short section on typical runs for and against that megacorp are covered.
These corporate profiles are the bulk of the product, filling more than 170 pages of the 210 of the book. There seems to be some minor editing problems as the information within each profile sometimes conflicts with those presented in others, but arguably some of that can be written off as the idiosyncratic views of the various section presenters. But it is a bit strange to read one section about how Mitsuhama is now number one, pushing down Saeder-Krupp to the number two ranking while the NeoNet section is all about how they are almost number two. It also assumes a fair amount of familiarity of the setting name-dropping people and places with little context that could be confusing to a new arrival to the setting.
Market Panic is an interesting sourcebook but it is essentially all deep background material. Which is interesting reading and all unless you are running a campaign with really high powered characters, the politics between this CEO or that board of directors is really not important. Especially not to the street level shadowrunner trying to earn the money for their next meal. A discussion on how corporate politics affect shadowrunner and runners would have been helpful and made this book more than just an interesting read.
Consider my rating of this to be 3.5, rounded up to 4 for the RPGNow system.
By Flame, Storm, and Thorn: Three Ranger Archetypes for D&D 5e opens some solid options for Rangers in 5e and nicely expands the range of choices for that class. Everything seems well balanced and if you like playing rangers, give this a look.
By Flame, Storm, and Thorn: Three Ranger Archetypes for D&D 5e by Brandes Stoddard and published by Tribality Publishing is just that, three new Ranger archetypes. The layout is clear with thematic color photographs for illustrations.
The Lantern-Bearer, unsurprisingly, uses a lantern both as a weapon and as a focus for magical light that can protect and heal, allowing the ranger to provide support as well as direct combat potential. A nice balance.
While the Stormcloak melds the tempest to the ranger, giving them the ability to ride out (and later briefly ride) storms while bringing the wrath of the storm to their foes in the form of lightning and thunder. Really, it is pretty much what you would expect from the name, not subtle but effective.
Lastly, there is the Thornguard which stretches the rules in interesting ways by giving the ranger the ability to set traps which inflict various temporary status effects and can be enhanced by spending spell slots. Very clever and a nicely builds on the ranger theme as a defender.
A solid addition to the options for rangers, I would have no problem with allowing any of these in my campaign.
These class option products from Rats in the Rain provides expansion to the new D&D rules, each providing a new background, two new class paths (one of these race specific) and a new full 20-level class. Nice to see people grasping the new OGL with both hands and creating things with it, now let us see how successful they are.
The products are fairly minimalist, two-column layout with art from public domain sources, it is clean and readable if not particularly exciting.
Seekers of Fortune has the Town Crier background, which is a good option for social (or just loud) characters. The new paths are Master Thrower for Fighters and Mountain Defender for dwarven fighters, the Master Thrower does what you would expect and has a set of new throwing weapons (including the caber!) to give them more flexibility, while the Mountain Defender is built around an idea that I frankly find silly, that of the two shield fighter but that being said, it runs with the idea fairly well. The new class is the Harlequin which is a very strange class, having limited spell use, D12 hit dice but no armor and is restricted to simple weapons, and an odd grab bag of powers, not sure what to make of this class but the idea of a battle jester is an amusing one, so I like the concept even if the execution is odd.
Overall, an interesting mix of adaption and innovation, and certainly useful as reference and inspiration even if not all will be useful for every campaign.
Warriors of Destiny provide Tavern Owner as a background, which works, though perhaps it could have been broadened a little to encompass all sort of tavern worker. Druid Lyricist for Bards and Eldritch Archer for elvenkind Rangers only are the new paths, the Lyricist -obviously- blends druidic magic with bardic ways, which has a good tradition in D&D, and has the ability to increase the potency of their ally's magic which may be a little too powerful, the eldritch archer does pretty much what you would expect but fill a common trope. The new class is the Ninja which is a hybrid of the monk and rogue class but nothing particularly groundbreaking or innovative but it does work as a classic cinematic ninja.
Heroes of the Dawn gives us the Rat Catcher background, which does not come with a small but vicious dog sadly, but could be a solid background for an urban campaign. The new paths included are the Blade Shaper for Rogues and War Chanter for fighters of the dragonborn or orcish persuasion, the Blade Shaper (not sure on that name) is a rogue with a variant of druidic shapeshifting, which is a quite neat theme, the War Chanter brings inspiring music into the fighter class, which works. The new class included here is the Wilderness Runner which is a mobility based class that gain "blitz damage" which is added to attacks after the character makes a full move, so the class is all about running into fights, there are some interesting ideas here but it seems rather narrow and easy to end up in situations where you would not be able to use your class' focus.
Shadow Spells provides additional information about magic in the Shadowrun setting filling in some gaps left by the Street Grimoire. With the niche nature of the new spells and powers and the groups and threats provided, it seems aimed primarily at GMs who should definitely pick this product up if they are running a game that is magically oriented. Players who are focused on the magic side of the game will probably want a copy too.
Shadowrun: Shadow Spells, is an additional resource on magic in the Sixth World of Shadowrun building on the material provided in the Street Grimoire providing new traditions, magical societies, threats, and (unsurprisingly given the title) more spells, ritual and adept powers.
Unlike most 5th edition books, this one is devoid of fiction (though not of in setting commentary) which I find as welcome for a focused source like this one. There are four new traditions, each ending with a paragraph description of an example (and semi-famous) practitioner, they are: Aboriginal, (Ancient) Egyptian, Norse and (my favorite) Psionic.
Next are five magical groups running from gangs to political parties, two get short write up on their most prominent member, these are useful for using as patrons or targets in a campaign. Then we have three threats, which will be used as opposition, one gets a creature (with a new power), the next three NPCs and the last, just a single NPC so they can be dropped into a game with only a little work.
The final section is new spells, around forty of them, including some classics (mob mood), a few that only work on specific types of being (ghouls, vampires), some designed for villain use (inflict disease, rot), and lots of interesting narrow purpose spells. While most of these spells are not general use, when you need them, they will be good to have. Three new rituals are included which seem to have clear use as scenario seeds. Lastly, seventeen new Adept powers, covering increased swimming, performance, and various other fun but unlikely to be seen often options. There is also a box listing the costs of reagents at the end, though I am not sure why.
Overall, a good addition to the resources for Shadowrun providing books hooks for a GM to hang adventures off of and new tools for magically active characters.
Shadowrun: Rigger 5.0 provides a wealth of vehicles and drones to expand the mobility (and other) options for riggers and other vehicle oriented characters, but especially riggers. Do you need this book? As a GM, probably, it provides such a depth of additional vehicles and drones that it helps to flesh out the world considerably, if you game uses vehicles at all, put it on your list to acquire. If you are a player, if you are playing a rigger or vehicle oriented charter, you will want to pick this up, otherwise, it can wait. Overall, another solid entry in the sourcebooks for the new Shadowrun. (Now we just need a used vehicle lot for 5th ed.)
Shadowrun: Rigger 5.0, is a Core Rigger Handbook for the 5th edition of Shadowrun, so what does that mean? It means that this book is full of information on riggers, what they do and how they do it, and the vehicles and drones they do it with, in the Shadowrun world.
The book begins with one of the ubiquitous fiction sections, then it looks into what life is like for a rigger including eight views from various riggers about their lives, ranging from Doc Wagon pilot to racer, military rigger to construction operator. It then discusses the various roles that a rigger can fill and a very brief overview of the various vehicles and drones that they can use.
Next, All the Angles, gives some in-game advice on how to get the most out of drones followed by new rules on repairs, electronic warfare and swarms. This is followed by On the Bleeding Edge which provides more positive and negative qualities for those who drive and ride, and new life modules (for that alternate character creation method).
After some more fiction, we get to the part everyone can enjoy, more vehicles: ground vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles and more drones than you can shake a tire iron at. Ground vehicles range from personal transport to big rigs with a subsection of security/police vehicles, truly something for everyone. Water vehicles range from water ski-like vehicles to motor sailors and luxury yachts (but nothing bigger). The air vehicles section is fairly small but has helicopters, helicopter gunships, t-birds and even a couple of zeppelins.
Next, in the Automated Army, drones! Beginning with who manufactures drones in the Sixth World and then moves into how drones can be modified, it then moves into a catalog of drones from the smallest (mosquito-sized) to massive construction machines and everything in between including a wide range of humanoid drones for work and security uses. Again, something for just about every use.
Building the Perfect Beast provides rules for modifying vehicles from the basics of improving engines and adding weapons and armor to various unusual things, such as secondary propulsion systems (though, oddly, neglecting wheels), ram plates, and much more. Almost any variant that can be imagined can be built, if one has the time, money and skills.
The final rules section is Maximum Pursuit which introduces slightly expanded rules and new maneuvers for the various vehicles types and drones (and passengers!). It adds some complexity but not an excessive amount and if one wants to have vehicles play a more important role in their campaign, it increases in options and, thus, complexity, may be required.
The last section of the book is a compilation of all the vehicle and drone statistics from all of the Shadowrun (5th edition) products so far, seven pages of small type.
Rigger 5.0 is a solid sourcebook but for my tastes, has far more fiction than is needed, space that could have been used for more vehicles and drones (what most people will be buying the product for). The art is generally good but there is a whole set of Dodge vehicles that are given a very distinct set of descriptions and the art does not match that.
Weekly Wonders: Coin Magic provides the magic of money, or at least coins. While a few of the spells are too tied to game mechanics for my tastes there are some good ideas here but also one that could be abused by a clever player (or DM). Good inspiration but be careful in your use of the spells contained within.
Weekly Wonders: Coin Magic is a selection of fifteen new coin-based spells for Pathfinder. Each spell includes just a description, no framing fiction, no colorful descriptions, just the needed game information for each spell.
The spells run from zero-level cantrips (two) to ninth-level (three of these) and most levels in between. They range from way to manipulate coins to ways to turn them into traps or scrying devices or even as a place to store one's soul. There is even a spell that creates coins out of thin air, though at great cost in time and effort.
A couple of the spells directly reference game mechanics, in the cost of spell components and the price of magic items, which I find infringe on my suspension of disbelief. While one of the coin trap spells seems specifically designed to deny characters the rewards that they have earned which would not make the DM who used it any friends. While the lack of support material in the form of feats, archetypes or items combined with the lack of colorful spell description make this feel like a very bare-bones product. Still, some interesting ideas here that deserve to be adapted and used as the magic of money is a very under-explored area.
Vacant Ritual Assembly is an OSR (primarily Lamentations of the Flame Princess) focused 'zine published by Red Moon Medicine Show. They are done in B&W and provide a mixture of house rules, inspiration, adventures, maps and interviews.
Issue 1 starts with some house rules and recommendations for inspirational reading/ viewing/ listening. Next is the ghoul market, where all sorts of interesting (and occasionally distressing) items are for sale, two of the inhabitants of the market (the Skinsmith, who rebuilds flesh, and Vespero the Antiquarian, a fixer) are described in greater detail. A handout for Vespero's shop in the market is provided as well. A petty god, Luminari, Lady of the Golden Lamp, gets a brief but evocative description. The adventure locale of the drowned village of Brahnwick is presented with maps of the area and surviving building. An interview with Chris McDowall, author of Into the Odd is included. And it concludes with a map and blank key to Greycandle Manor.
Overall, a good collection on interesting resources and you can sample it inexpensively as it is Pay What You Want.
All of the issues of VRA have interesting and inspirational material, while light on rules they provide a wide range of old school wackiness and adventure which should be usable in any game (though requiring a bit more work to adapt to something like Pathfinder).
Issue 3 starts with an introduction, table of contents and recommendations for inspirational reading. Most of the material in this issue centers around the wilderness of the Dragon's Trench area (the history behind which is quite delightful) including several organizations (heroic and villainous), multiple places to explore, new monsters and a full dungeon in the Grand Vespiary. An interview with Rick Saada, programer of the roguelike Castle of the Winds 2 concludes the issue.
The Legend of the Dragon's Trench provides a lot of potential play either as straight exploration adventure or a major part of a campaign setting. It is a very fun read and many strange ideas to be used or adapted.


text:
Bob Huber
When I was in my mid-youth crisis, Burma Shave signs on America's roads were as common and comfortable as old shoes. Whenever a new one cropped up, we repeated its rhyming couplets over and over from bar stools to pulpits.
For you younguns, Burma Shave signs were little poems obligingly spaced line by line along highways so they could be read aloud as you whizzed by at 50 miles an hour, the speed limit in those good old Depression days. Burma Shave signs were everywhere, and most often they had nasty things to say about bad drivers, such as:
•"A man who drives — when he is drunk — should haul his coffin — in his trunk."
Of course, the fifth little sign in the series always said, "Burma Shave."
Here's more:
•"Spring has sprung — the grass has riz — where last year's — drunken driver is."
•"Don't lose your head — to gain a minute — you need your head — your brains are in it."
•"Drove too long — driver snoozing — what happened next — is not amusing."
•"Brother speeders — let's rehearse — all together — Good morning, nurse."
•"Cautious rider — to her reckless dear — let's have less bull — and lots more steer."
•"The midnight ride — of Paul for beer — led to a warmer —hemisphere."
•"Passing cars — when you can't see — will get you a glimpse — of eternity."
•"A guy who drives — a car wide open — isn't thinkin' — he's hopin'."
•"At intersections — look each way — a harp sounds nice — but it's hard to play."
•"Passing school zone — take it slow — let our little shavers — grow."
But once in a while, a Burma Shave sign had nothing to do with drivers but stuck in your mind as one of the great lyrical verses in the English language, such as:
•"Peanut on a railroad track — heart all aflutter — round the bend came No. l0 — toot, toot peanut butter."
Ah, those were the days, back before we needed a list of five phone numbers to reach someone, back before we used a cell phone to announce we were home.
Nowadays you won't find Burma Shave signs no matter how hard you look, because they've been replaced by modern amenities like television, the Interstate, and the Information Highway. We're driving too fast anyway to read those little red signs, and we're so involved with the Internet that if our friends don't have e-mail, we lose touch.
But some of us still recall those lovable Burma Shave signs. They remind us of a time when we went to a store and used real money to buy things, and we heard dirty jokes over morning coffee breaks instead of reading them on the Internet. It all came too fast.
Is it any wonder some of us geezers get confused and enter our computer passwords on our microwaves? The modern world didn't creep up on us; it suddenly reared up and engulfed us in a series of Tsunamis from Honda Motors and Bill Gates. Second day deliveries were abruptly declared painfully slow, dining room tables became computer offices, and Post-It Notes were lauded as the highest level of management style.
It didn't stop there. We suddenly needed extra phone lines to get phone calls, and we went online in the morning before drinking our first cup of coffee. We even began checking our e-mail before going to the bathroom in the middle of the night, and when we disconnected from the Internet, we got an awful feeling that we'd just pulled the plug on a loved one.
But while I'm sitting here thinking about bygone Burma Shave signs and how nice it is that baldness isn't painful, I have to admit that age hasn't brought me a lot of wisdom. Age came along all by itself, and about the only new thing I've learned is I'm not interested in health foods anymore. At this stage I'm more interested in preservatives.
Which reminds me of the time my grandson asked me if I still looked at girls, and I said I certainly did. But the mystery was, I couldn't remember why. Burma Shave.


text:
"Your online radio shows have aided me in my journey back to the Church this past year. No matter which program I listen to, I am bound to learn more concerning our beautiful teachings and traditions."
"In and throughout all things, I determined to follow Saint Thomas, as he followed the Fathers."


text:
Ok, so BLS clearly worked for us...I can't keep food away from DS now - he'll be 1 on 10/29. I'm just wondering if it's normal that he's eating so much - or should I be worried he's not getting enough from nursing?? I am 11 weeks pregnant, and although I still have milk, it's hard to tell if he's getting milk the whole time he's nursing or if he's nursing for comfort too.
He nurses around 6 times in a 24 hour period; 6 am, 10:30am, 4:30pm, 7:30pm, and then usually twice in the middle of the night.
Now, actual food. He eats three hearty meals a day; full servings of oatmeal or yogurt, half sandwiches or a whole homeade pizza (made on sandwich-thins with tomato paste and cheese), a whole egg, an entire sweet potato, etc....plus whatever "side" items we offer...Then, in addition to mealtimes - he ALWAYS wants snacks. He'll never refuse food. Fresh fruit or veggies, yogurt, cheerios, toddler-snacks (like the gerber yogurt melts), cheese, raisins, cheerios...basically anytime there is food, he signs "more" for it. Sometimes he walks over to the pantry and signs "more".
At meal times we let him eat until he does the sign for "all done" and starts throwing his food on the floor.
In addition to the food, he drinks usually 1 to 1.5 full sippy cups of water throughout the day.
His wets/dirty diapers are fine...and he is gaining weight and growing and SUPER active...just a little food monster.
Just wondering if this is normal at this age, or if I should be questioning my supply??
Sorry this is so long, I have a hard time condensing my thoughts sometimes...


text:
Spartanburg, S.C. - Second-seeded Kennesaw State (33-23) eliminated the sixth-seeded Stetson softball team (26-22) from the A-Sun tournament with a 2-0 win over the Hatters Friday afternoon at USC Upstate's Cyrill Stadium. Senior shortstop Chelsey Trotto (Lantana, Fla.) had one of Stetson's two base hits in her final career at-bat.
The Hatters, who had lost 3-0 to top-seeded FGCU earlier in the day, couldn't get any offense going against Owls pitcher Abbey Mixon. Mixon shut Stetson out on two hits and a walk with seven strikeouts. Junior catcher Jordan Cleghorn (Ball Ground, Ga.) had Stetson's other single on the game.
A-Sun Player of the Year third baseman Jessica Cross opened Kennesaw State's scoring with an RBI double in the bottom of the second while a throwing error on an Owl single in the bottom of the third allowed an insurance run to cross the plate.
Freshman pitcher Courtney Brandt (Dade City, Fla.) started and was charged with the loss while sophomore Meredith Owen (Jackson, Miss.) relieved for the second time today and struck out three in 4.1 innings.
Stetson is slated to return six of its 10 everyday starters next season, including A-Sun All-Freshman Team pick Brandt and two-time Second Team All-Atlantic Sun center fielder Chrissy Morello (Ormond Beach, Fla.) as well as Owen, Cleghorn and others. Brandt finished with the second-highest home run total (eight) by a Hatter freshman in program history.
FACEBOOK - Stetson Athletics (facebook.com/stetsonhatters); TWITTER - @StetsonSID (twitter.com/stetsonsid)


text:
Gates will be open at 8:00 am
Game will start at 10:00 am
Pre registration is available at the website
Entry only with all day hpa $15.00
Case of Rec grade Paint includes entry and hpa 57.00
Case of Mid grade Paint includes entry and hpa 70.00
Case of High grade Paint includes entry and hpa 85.00
Lunch included
There will be prizes and give aways.
Field Info:
Woods Paintball
Leetonia, OH 44431
Telephone: +1 (330) 482-222
E-mail: email@example.com
Facilities: There is a small staging area with several picnic tables but nothing amazing. There is a Great little proshop with all of the fixings, Co2 and HPA fills available, This is a field Paint Only you can purchase everything from a rec paint to a premium paint.
Lee and His field were recently profiled on Behind the Bunker check out the video:
Edited by scoobshagg, 03 April 2012 - 12:00 PM.


text:
Little Champs Sports ClubSports Basketball Coaches & Instructors
56-76 Fountain Drive,, Narre Warren, VIC 3805 2-5 km from Narre Warren East
This business can travel to you.
From 20-10-2016 To 18-12-2016
Welcome to Little Champs Sports Club! Little Champs Sports Club provides a fun and interactive multi sports program for preschool children. We offer a range of Educational activities in a playful and ...


text:
The weather is heating up in the northern hemisphere, but I think we have at least six weeks left where you wouldn't mind turning on the oven, which I'm hoping will give you plenty of chances to try this amazing Roasted Curried Cauliflower with Lemon and Cumin.
Roasted Curried Cauliflower with Lemon and Cumin
I large head cauliflower, cut into bite-sized pieces (about 2 pounds cut-up cauliflower)
3 T extra virgin olive oil
1 T fresh-squeezed lemon juice
1 tsp. curry powder (Originally made with Rinku's curry powder blend, but this time I used Madras Curry Powder)
1/4 tsp. ground cumin
1/2 tsp. Spike Seasoning (optional, but good)
salt and fresh ground pepper to taste
lemon pieces, to squeeze on at the table (optional)
Cook about 20 minutes more, or until cauliflower is tender and nicely browned. (I originally made this in my toaster-convection oven which only took about 25 minutes to get the cauliflower cooked through and browned but in the big oven we cooked it 35 minutes.)
Serve hot, seasoned with salt and freshly ground black pepper. This is great with fresh lemon pieces to squeeze on more lemon at the table if desired.
South Beach/Low-Carb Suggestions:
Find More Recipes Like This One:
Nutritional Information?
More Cauliflower Love:
(Recipes from other blogs not always South Beach Diet or Low-Carb friendly; check ingredients.)
Curried Sauteed Cauliflower ~ Kalyn's Kitchen
Cauliflower Pickles with Curry ~ White on Rice Couple
Cauliflower Gratin with Sharp Cheddar and Parmesan ~ Kalyn's Kitchen
Raw Cauliflower Tabouli ~ The Blender Girl
Cheesy Baked Cauliflower Tots ~ Kalyn's Kitchen
(Want even more recipes? I find these recipes from other blogs using Food Blog Search.)


text:
Some say you can't judge a book by its cover.
Up the ante and the same can hold true for a home. Getting beyond the wow factor and into the nitty gritty of the less glamorous parts of the home such as the roof, furnace and foundation can make or break a real estate deal. During an open house or walk through, keep in mind that paint color, flooring and other cosmetic items can be changed. Don't overlook subtle things that could signal a larger problem.
Take Note
Anthony Marguleas, broker, Realtor and owner of Amalfi Estates in Los Angeles and author of a forthcoming book called "Secrets and Myths of Real Estate," said to walk around the area before making an offer and take note of how other homes in the neighborhood are maintained.
Also on the exterior, he said to check the drainage on the property and condition of the home's gutters.
On the inside, Marguleas said, see if the windows and doors open and close easily because if they don't, it could be a sign of settling issues.
Take note of the smell inside the home. Is it musty?
Marguleas said that mold has become a hot-button issue, and the home's smell could indicate that. For instance, if there's a strong scent of air freshener, it is probably being using to cover something up.
Signs Of Problems
"Water is probably the No. 1 killer of a home," said Reggie Marston, owner and president of Residential Equity Management in Springfield, Va.
Marston, who is featured on HGTV's "The House Detectives" also said to look for large cracks that could be a sign of structural issues.
Another water-related red flag on a property is any signs of moisture in the basement, said Kathleen Austin Kuhn, president and CEO of HouseMaster in Bound Brook, N.J.
Kuhn said if water only trickles out of the shower because of poor water pressure, it could indicate serious plumbing problems.
She said that if the buyer sees a lot of extension cords, that means the outlets are being overused, which could stress the electrical system.
Checking out high-ticket items such as the roof can help spot warning signs. Kuhn said if the roof is bumpy and curled, it could be an indication of an old roof.
Buyers' observations are not the only way to get insight about possible problems with the property.
Seller's Secrets
Kuhn said that red flags should be raised anytime a seller is less than flexible on what areas of the home the buyer can access or if the seller is resistant on any service request, such as when was the furnace was last serviced.
Marston said that if the buyer asks the seller direct questions and the seller does not answer directly and skirts the issue, then there's probably something wrong.
Buyers and sellers might want to hire their own home inspectors to get both an education about the home and spot any problems that can't be seen without a trained eye.
Marston said that home inspections are important -- whether the house is newly built or an existing home --if the buyer isn't knowledgeable about the house or doesn't have $100,000 in the bank to spend on repairs.
Experts stressed that sellers should get their home inspected before putting it on the market. Marston added that it gives the seller an opportunity to get any problems corrected.
Home inspectors are not only there to look for defects in the home. The inspection is meant to be a learning process for the buyer or seller so they know where things are, such as the water shutoff valve.
"The inspector is really the critical person. You need to inspect the inspector," Kuhn said.
She said home inspectors' credentials are critical. In 33 states, there is some form of regulations for inspectors; however, they can fall short and vary in criteria.


text:
"I started listening to Catholic Answers Live when I was struck down by an illness that basically left me bedridden. This left me questioning my faith and mortality, and my son introduced the Catholic Answers Live podcast to me. Listening to all the guests explain and defend the Catholic Faith has been instrumental. Has Catholic Answers made a difference in my life? It has become part of my life!"
~ Robyn, Australia
0 results sorted by popularity
"To God, most Good and Great, in honor of St. John the Baptist, the Maliseets erected this church A.D. 1717."
~ Inscription (in Latin) on a stone tablet, for what is believed to be the first church built in New Brunswick, Canada, in the Diocese of Saint John.


text: Hey mamas! I woke up this morning and started to worry a little, so I'm hoping you can help me out with this! Lately I've been pumping 8-10 times a day, trying to increase my supply. It's been working (went from 28ish oz to 36ish oz a day withing 3 days of increasing pumping frequency). As part of those 8-10 times, usually 2 are in the middle of the night (usually at about 2 and 5, when I naturally wake up). Last night though, my mom had my daughter over night, and I gave my self a pumping break, and skipped those 2 sessions so I could sleep through the night once! Of course, I woke up full and leaky, which I knew would happen. But my real problem is, I'm worried that skipping those 2 very important sessions last night will decrease my supply. Ya think? Any advice will be much appreciated! TIA ladies!


text:
Stopped take her birth control!!ReplyCancel
Kandi Buress to be differentReplyCancel
Shes f'n B list now? I was gonna say Mel B.ReplyCancel
Hillary Rodham ClintonReplyCancel
I'm sure a massage will make it better.ReplyCancel
DM linkReplyCancel
Leann fits. Even though I'm not fond of her, this is crappy of him. If you really want a kid, you should be given the opportunity to have one or be 100% clear that your choice of partner means your baby dreams will not be fulfilled.ReplyCancel
@Seven what movie is that from? I feel like it is an older one that I never saw other than previews. Thinking maybe it's the one with the guy from Kajagoogoo, Limahl?ReplyCancel
@All Lace, The Neverending Story! I watched that movie obsessively when I was a kid. MichaelK calls Le'Ann Falcor the Luck Dragon. 😀ReplyCancel
I believe vasectomies can be successfully reversed not sure what the percentage of success is on that that, wonder if he was with Brandi at the timeReplyCancel
Vasectomies are always 100% perfect.ReplyCancel
this is funny
From Leann
"'It would be fun to have a little girl, but I do not know if I am quite ready to do that yet,' said LeAnn.
'What if I have to go on stage and Eddie is not there because he is working?', the singer asked."
Uh like have you never heard of nannies and babysitters and please like Eddie works much.ReplyCancel
@Seven that is the one I was thinking of but couldn't remember the name. Kajagoogoo was huge and I remember Limahl doing the music for this. Thx for sharing.ReplyCancel
*aren't 100% perfect* spelchekReplyCancel
LOL Tina!
LeAnn is going to be so Bluuuuuuuuueeeeeeeeeee
Over this…
true dat Sandy had a friend who had to go for a redo when the two week follow up showed he was still fertile
apparently the success of a reversal is dependent on how long after the reversal, makes senseReplyCancel
We have friends whose 4th child was conceived after the husband had a vasectomy, and yes, he is the father. They're not always 100%.ReplyCancel
I had a co-worker who's (future ex) husband didn't want to get the Big-V, so she got her tubes tied. Found out two weeks later that she was already pregnant. With twins. Both boys, of which she already had two.
However, if not for that twist of fate, we never would of had the fabulous "rat-a-pult" her twins used on the neighbor who would drop the rats the neighborhood cats killed in her yard. Twins landed them on his roof.ReplyCancel
Lol I was just thinking about this earlier because I caught a clip of that horrid reality show that they have and was thinking to myself that he probably had this doneReplyCancel
@All Lace, I googled and got this lovely gem – thank you!
Atreyu could have been a young 7's twin brother. Fun Friday Fact: the actor, Noah Hathaway, was in a movie with Enty's very own Dominique Swain!ReplyCancel
How is Leann still a B anything. She hasn't sniffed a hit in decades.
The only thing she's sniffed recently would be crushed Adderall…ReplyCancel
It's a 100% Leann, and 100% Karma.ReplyCancel
Brandi has said publicly many times that Ediot is fixed. Yet another tale to spin to her fans.. cough..She asked for a baby and Ediot told her to get a puppy..
And Kevin Costner had a vasectomy years ago and still got the daughter of Detroit Tigers pregnant. . He's had 3 more kids since fwiw. .


text:
To encourage units to be strong and viable by attaining certain benchmarks characteristic of strong units; seven requirements must be met with nomination by the top youth leader if for a troop, team, or crew; nomination is certified by the unit commissioner
Cubmasters, Scoutmasters, Varsity Team Coaches, and Venturing Crew Advisors
Return the completed nomination to the council office
Certificate, knot with device for the appropriate program, and a special position patch with a bold border and gold star
Certificate, No. 512004; knot, No. 610091; gold bordered Cubmaster emblem, No. 610094; gold bordered Scoutmaster emblem, No. 610093; gold bordered Varsity coach emblem, No. 610092; gold bordered Venturing Advisor emblem, No. 610095
Unit Leader Award of Merit


text:
All Linux distributions that I know of come with an MTA of some sort. The most popular is Sendmail. Other popular MTAs include Exim, postfix, and Qmail. This article discusses how to build an advanced mail server which sports all of the latest mail protocols, checks all incoming mail for spam, and scans all incoming and outgoing mail for viruses.
We will use the able Qmail MTA for SMTP and POP3. We will use
vpopmail for virtual domains and
Courier IMAP for
our IMAP server. As our backend we will be using the trusty MySQL RDBMS to
store all of our user information. Since this is a three part series, we will
cover Squirrel Mail in the second part and SpamAssassin, procmail,
QmailScanner, and ClamAV in the third part.
You are assumed to have a working knowledge of Linux, though the steps outlined should work on most UNIX variants with little effort. It is also assumed that you understand how email, in general, works. Finally, it is assumed that you have root access to the machine you wish to turn into an advanced mail server. Debian users are in luck; since this is the distribution I personally run I will include Debian-specific shortcuts whenever possible. If you're using another distribution, you may have to modify the provided installation notes slightly.
All of the distributions that I have worked with either supplied MySQL binaries on the CD or made them available somewhere on the web. For detailed instructions on how to set up MySQL please read MySQL's Installation instructions.
Note: Debian users can
apt-get the packages
mysql-client and
Log into your MySQL server as root and type the following commands to create
the database for
mysql> CREATE DATBASE vpopmail;
mysql> GRANT ALL ON vpopmail.*
-> TO vpopmail@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
You can change the names of the database, user, and password, but make sure
to keep track of them for later use. You also may wish to change the security
preferences for your
vpopmail user, but before you do read up on
the MySQL GRANT statement.
This step is optional. If you wish to run your webmail via a secure connection or enable IMAP-SSL or POP3-SSL, you will need to install OpenSSL. Your distribution should come with OpenSSL packages. Be sure to install the development versions of those packages so that we can compile Courier and Qmail from source.
Note: Debian users can
apt-get the package
Qmail was written by D. J. Bernstein (DJB) as a replacement for Sendmail. Qmail differs greatly from Sendmail so before you jump headlong into installing Qmail, you should download the source and read through the documentation. Furthermore, it may be in your best interest to read Life with qmail by Dave Sill.
ucspi-tcp is a simple TCP Server/Client created by DJB for "building TCP client-server applications" and is required to run Qmail. After you have downloaded and extracted the source, change into the directory and compile the code.
bash$ make
bash$ make setup check
You can read over DJB's installation instructions on his How to install
ucspi-tcp page. Also, be sure to turn off any affected ports
(25,110,143) in
/etc/inetd.conf and restart your
inetd server.
Note: Debian users can
apt-get the package
daemontools "is a collection
of tools for managing UNIX services." This is the preferred way to run Qmail,
but is not required to run Qmail. To install it, first make the
/package directory it expects.
bash$ mkdir -p /package
bash$ chmod 1755 /package
bash$ cd /package
Download the daemontools package into the
/package directory
and untar it. Next, run the installer:
bash$ cd admin/daemontools-0.76
bash$ package/install
You can read over DJB's installation instructions on his How to install daemontools page.
Note: Debian users can
daemontools-installer. Debian users may also wish to check out
qmail-smtp-sv and
qmail-sv as well.
Version 1.03 is the latest version of Qmail. The default installation of Qmail is very vanilla and will require some minor patching to do what we wish to do. Particularily we will want to install:
Bill Guenter's famous Qmail QUEUE patch, which will allow us to run alternate programs as Qmail's queue.
Christopher K. Davis's oversized DNS packets patch, which enables Qmail to accept oversized DNS packets. (DJB recommends running djbdns as an alternate fix to this problem.)
Bill Shupp's maildir++ patch, which will fix
vpopmail and Qmail quota issues.
Eric M. Johnston's SMTP-AUTH patch, which allows users outside of your network to send email after they have authenticated.
The installation process for Qmail is very hands on and requires you to be
familiar with the command prompt. Before installing, please read
INSTALL.ctl and
INSTALL.alias. You may wish to look over the other
INSTALL.* files as well.
bash$ mkdir /var/qmail
bash$ groupadd nofiles
bash$ useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias alias
bash$ useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaild
bash$ useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaill
bash$ useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmailp
bash$ groupadd qmail
bash$ useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailq
bash$ useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailr
bash$ useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmails
bash$ make setup check
bash$ ./config-fast example.com
bash$ (cd ~alias; touch .qmail-postmaster .qmail-mailer-daemon .qmail-root)
bash$ chmod 644 ~alias/.qmail*
Make sure to change
example.com to the actual hostname of your
mail server.
Note: Debian users can
qmail-src, however, the package does not include the SMTP-AUTH or maildir++ patches. Alternatively, you could try Garrit Pape's Debian packages.
Once you have Qmail installed, make sure it starts up during your boot sequence. There are a several init scripts available on the web, one of which can be found here. The script says it is for Red Hat, but it should work for any distro with a little modification.
bash$ cp qmailctl.txt /etc/init.d/qmail
Before you start Qmail, you need to set up
daemontools' Qmail
scripts which control how Qmail responds to various requests.
bash$ mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log
bash$ mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log
bash$ mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log
After you are done setting up the directories you will need to create all of the controlling scripts.
exec env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" qmail-start ./Maildir/
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t \
s10000000 n30 /var/log/qmail/send
QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`
exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 2000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver \
-H -l hostname.yourdomain.com \
-v -x /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb \
-c 20 -R -u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 smtp \
/var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd hostname.yourdomain.com \
/var/lib/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /bin/true 2>&1
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t s10000000 \
n30 /var/log/qmail/smtpd
exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 3000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver \
-H -l example.com \
-v -x /etc/tcp.pop3.cdb -c 30 -R 0 pop3 \
/var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup example.com \
/var/lib/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir 2>&1
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t s10000000 \
n30 /var/log/qmail/pop3d
After you have taken care of all of the scripts, the last steps are to
chmod the scripts, make the log directories and make
daemontools aware of the new service.
bash$ chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
bash$ chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
bash$ chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
bash$ chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run
bash$ chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/run
bash$ chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log/run
bash$ mkdir /var/log/qmail
bash$ mkdir /var/log/qmail/smtpd
bash$ mkdir /var/log/qmail/send
bash$ mkdir /var/log/qmail/pop3d
bash$ chown -R qmaill /var/log/qmail
bash$ ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send /service
bash$ ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd /service
bash$ ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d /service
bash$ /etc/init.d/qmail start
The wonderful folks over at Inter7 developed
vpopmail to handle the management of virtual domains using Qmail. Unfortunately
vpopmail is limited to a measly 23 million virtual hosts,
of which each are limited to only 23 million users. So if you have
more than 529 trillion users you may need to look elsewhere.
vpopmail User and Group
As noted in
INSTALL file, "[the]
FreeBSD folks have reserved 89 for the group and 89 for the user for
vpopmail." You will probably want to ensure
is running as uid and gid 89.
bash$ groupadd -g 89 vchkpw
bash$ useradd -g vchkpw -u 89 -d /path/to/where/you/want vpopmail
I installed
vpopmail into
/var/lib/vpopmail, but
you can put it wherever you wish. Just remember that all email messages will be
stored in
/var/lib/vpopmail, so choose a partition with plenty of
The first thing you need to do is set up
vpopmail for MySQL.
This is done by doing some light code editing in a header file. Fire up your
favorite editor. Open up the file
vmysql.h and change the
following lines to match the configuration you set up in the MySQL section of
this article:
#define MYSQL_UPDATE_SERVER "localhost"
#define MYSQL_UPDATE_USER "vpopmail"
#define MYSQL_UPDATE_PASSWD "password"
#define MYSQL_READ_SERVER "localhost"
#define MYSQL_READ_USER "vpopmail"
#define MYSQL_READ_PASSWD "password"
After you have finished editing
vmysql.h, compile the program.
Be sure to run
./configure --help before configuring the software.
Below is what I used to enable MySQL support and install
bash$ ./configure \
There are a few things to note in the above configuration that you may want to change to suit your needs.
I disable
--enable-auth-logging because SquirrelMail logs in
and out every time a page is loaded, which can make logs grow quickly on active
mail servers.
e option to
--enable-logging enables logging
only of errors.
--enable-defaultquota The default quota can be computed by
using the equation (MB * 1024 * 1024) where MB is the number of megabytes you
would like your default quota to be.
You may need to specify the location of your MySQL include and library
directories with
--enable-incdir and
By disabling
/etc/passwd with
only virtual users will have access to our mail server.
NFS users may wish to look at the
--enable-file-locking and
--enable-file-sync options. Because Qmail uses the alternative Maildir format to store messages, it works quite nicely with NFS.
After running the configure script, compile and install
vpopmail with the following commands:
bash$ make
bash$ make install-strip
Note: Debian has packages for
vpopmail, however I could not
get them working properly with MySQL.
Adding domains is extremely simple. Before you create a domain you will want
to read the man pages for
vadddomain. There are options for mail
delivery, quotas, etc.
bash$ /path/to/vpopmail/bin/vadddomain example.com password
password is the password for firstname.lastname@example.com, who will
be the administrator for that domain. After you have created the domain your
domain's user directories and
.qmail files will exist in
You can use either
qmailadmin to create users or
bash$ /path/to/vpopmail/bin/vadduser email@example.com password
Courier IMAP is another piece of software by Inter7. It's a simple IMAP
server that was created specifically to work with Maildir. Read over the
INSTALL file before we get started to familiarize yourself with
the installation process.
bash$ ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/courier-imap \
--with-ssl \
bash$ make
bash$ make install
bash$ make install-configure
--with-ssl is optional
Once you are done installing Courier IMAP, you need to edit a few
configuration options in its configuration file. Open
/usr/local/courier-imap/etc/imapd in your favorite editor and
change the following options.
editor's note: some of these options could use further explanation
MAXDAEMONS to
MAXPERIP to
100. (Many users will
be using the web interface, which all come from a single IP.)
TCPDOPTS to
"-nodnslookup -noidentlookup -user=vpopmail -group=vchkpw".
AUTHMODULES to
"authvchkpw" to
vpopmail's authentication.
IMAP_EMPTYTRASH=Trash:7,Sent:30 to whatever you want.
This option tells Courier to clear out these folders every 7 and 30 days,
respectively. You can add extra folders there as well that you wish to have
the server empty periodically.
IMAPDSTART to
After you have all of this up and running, you should be ready to fire up
your IMAP server. To start Courier IMAP at boot, copy
/usr/local/src/courier-imap-1.7.x/courier-imap.sysvinit to the
directory appropriate for your distro (many use
bash$ cp /usr/local/src/courier-imap-1.7.x/courier-imap.sysvinit \
bash$ chmod 744 /etc/init.d/courier-imap
bash$ /etc/init.d/courier-imap start
qmailadmin is a CGI interface to
vpopmail. It is totally optional, but will make administering your virtual domains, users, forwards, etc. much easier. Not only does it allow your postmaster to create and manage accounts, forwards, and aliases, but it allows users to log in and change passwords, set vacation messages, etc.
qmailadmin requires EZMLM, DJB's mailing list manager, which you may not wish to install. You can skip this step.
autoresponder is a prerequisite of
qmailadmin and does basic auto responding. After you have extracted the source, change into the package's directory.
bash$ make
bash$ make man
bash$ make setup
EZMLM is DJB's mailing list software which works great with Qmail. EZMLM's main website has been down for quite some time. I suggest you grab the source from DJB's EZMLM page. You will most likely wish to patch EZMLM with the famous IDX patch which adds a plethora of options. I found a working mirror where you can download ezmlm-idx-0.40.tar.gz. After you have extracted both the EZMLM source and the IDX patch, install EZMLM.
bash$ mv ezmlm-idx-0.xx/* ezmlm-0.53/
bash$ cd ezmlm-0.53
bash$ patch < idx.patch
bash$ make mysql
bash$ make clean
bash$ make && make man
bash$ make setup
bash$ ./configure \
There are several options to look into if you plan to allow clients to
administer their own domains.
--enable-maxpopusers and
--enable-maxmailinglists are just two of the options you may wish
to use. Be sure to check out
./configure --help for a complete
list of options.
bash$ make
bash$ make install-strip
After you have installed
qmailadmin, you should be able to log
in to to
http://example.com/cgi-bin/qmailadmin to administer your
Now that you have everything installed and have created your users, you
should be able to log in. Because
vpopmail uses virtual hosts your
username will be
firstname.lastname@example.com, which is important to
remember. Because of Qmail's flexibility and the power of
vpopmail's MySQL support you can easily create domains and hand
over the ability to manage accounts to your customers, which leaves plenty of
free time.
Now that your mail server is running the hard part is over, but it is not yet complete. The second part of our series will cover installing Apache+PHP and Squirrel Mail. We will also customize Squirrel Mail with a few plugins that will make managing your web mail system a lot easier. In the third and final part of our series, you will see how easy it is to integrate both virus and spam protection into your new mail server.
Joe Stump is the Lead Architect for Digg where he spends his time partitioning data, creating internal services, and ensuring the code frameworks are in working order.
Return to the Linux DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.