text:
What is "parsing"? Parsing is processing a series of symbols to extract their meaning. Typically, this means reading the words of a sentence and drawing information from them. When application programs need to process data that is provided as text, they must use some form of parsing logic. This logic scans the text characters and character groups (words) and recognizes patterns of groups to extract the underlying commands or information.
Software parsers are usually special-purpose programs, built to process a specific form of text. This text could be a set of encoded notations on insurance or medical forms; function declarations in a C header file; node-edge descriptions showing interconnections of a graph; HTML tags in a web page; or interactive commands to configure a network, modify or rotate a 3D image, or navigate through an adventure game. In each case, the parsers process a specific set of character groups and patterns. This set of patterns is the parser's grammar.
For instance, when parsing the string
Hello, World! you might wish to parse any greeting that follows its general pattern. Hello, World! begins with a salutation: the word Hello. There are many salutations--Howdy, Greetings, Aloha, G'day, and so on--so you could define a very narrow greeting grammar to begin with a single-word salutation. A comma character follows, and then comes the object of the greeting, the greetee, also a single word. Lastly, some form of terminating punctuation ends the greeting, such as an exclamation point. This greeting grammar looks roughly like this (reading
:: as "is composed of"):
word :: group of alphabetic characters
salutation :: word
comma :: ","
greetee :: word
endPunctuation :: "!"
greeting :: salutation comma greetee endPunctuation
This is the Backus-Naur form (BNF). There are various dialects for symbols representing optional/mandatory constructs, repetition, alternation, and so on.
Once you have specified the target grammar in a BNF, you must then convert it to an executable form. A common technique is to develop a recursive-descent parser, one that defines functions that read individual terminal constructs of the grammar, and then higher-level functions that call the lower-level functions. Functions can return success or failure if they match at the current parsing position (or return matching tokens for success and raise exceptions for failure).
Pyparsing is a Python class library that helps you to quickly and easily create recursive-descent parsers. Here is the pyparsing implementation of the
Hello, World! example:
from pyparsing import Word, Literal, alphas
salutation = Word( alphas + "'" )
comma = Literal(",")
greetee = Word( alphas )
endPunctuation = Literal("!")
greeting = salutation + comma + greetee + endPunctuation
Several pyparsing features help developers create their text-parsing functions quickly:
+ for And,
^ for Or (longest, or "greedy" match),
| for MatchFirst (first match), and
~ for Not
The pyparsing grammar shown will parse not only
Hello, World! but also any of:
Hey, Jude!
Hi, Mom!
G'day, Mate!
Yo, Adrian!
Howdy, Pardner!
Whattup, Dude!
Listing 1 contains a full
Hello, World! parser, including output of the parsed results.
Listing 1
from pyparsing import Word, Literal, alphas
salutation = Word( alphas + "'" )
comma = Literal(",")
greetee = Word( alphas )
endPunctuation = Literal("!")
greeting = salutation + comma + greetee + endPunctuation
tests = ("Hello, World!",
"Hey, Jude!",
"Hi, Mom!",
"G'day, Mate!",
"Yo, Adrian!",
"Howdy, Pardner!",
"Whattup, Dude!" )
for t in tests:
print t, "->", greeting.parseString(t)
Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
Hey, Jude! -> ['Hey', ',', 'Jude', '!']
Hi, Mom! -> ['Hi', ',', 'Mom', '!']
G'day, Mate! -> ["G'day", ',', 'Mate', '!']
Yo, Adrian! -> ['Yo', ',', 'Adrian', '!']
Howdy, Pardner! -> ['Howdy', ',', 'Pardner', '!']
Whattup, Dude! -> ['Whattup', ',', 'Dude', '!']
Related Reading
Python Cookbook
With the pyparsing module, you first define the basic pieces of your grammar. Then you combine them into more complex parse expressions for the various branches of the overall grammar syntax. Combine them by defining relationships such as:
if is followed by a Boolean expression enclosed in parentheses"
UPDATE, or
Although some complex grammars can involve dozens or even hundreds of grammar combinations, many parsing tasks are easily performed with only a handful of definitions. Capturing the grammar in BNF helps organize your thoughts and parser design. It also helps you keep track of your progress in implementing the grammar with pyparsing's functions and classes.
The smallest building blocks of most grammars are typically exact strings of characters. For example, here is a simple BNF for parsing a phone number:
number :: '0'.. '9'*
phoneNumber :: [ '(' number ')' ] number '-' number
Because this looks for dashes and parentheses within a phone number string, you can also define simple literal tokens for these punctuation marks:
dash = Literal( "-" )
lparen = Literal( "(" )
rparen = Literal( ")" )
To define the groups of numbers in the phone number, you need to handle groups of characters of varying lengths. For this, use the Word token:
digits = "0123456789"
number = Word( digits )
The number token will match contiguous sequences made up of characters listed in the string digits; that is, it is a "word" composed of digits (as opposed to a traditional word, which is composed of letters of the alphabet). Now you have enough individual pieces of the phone number, so you can string them together using the
And class.
phoneNumber =
And( [ lparen, number, rparen, number, dash, number ] )
This is fairly ugly, and unnatural to read. Fortunately, the pyparsing module defines operator methods to combine separate parse elements more easily. A more legible definition uses
+ for
phoneNumber = lparen + number + rparen + number + dash + number
For an even cleaner version, the
+ operator will join strings to parse elements, implicitly converting the strings to Literals. This gives the very easy-to-read:
phoneNumber = "(" + number + ")" + number + "-" + number
Finally, to designate that the area code at the beginning of the phone number is optional, use pyparsing's
Optional class:
phoneNumber = Optional( "(" + number + ")" ) + number + "-" + number
Once you've defined your grammar, the next step is to apply it to the source text. Pyparsing expressions support three methods for processing input text with a given grammar:
parseString method uses a grammar that completely specifies the contents of an input string, parses the string, and returns a collection of strings and substrings for each grammar construct.
scanString method uses a grammar that may match only parts of an input string, scans the string looking for matches, and returns a tuple that contains the matched tokens and their starting and ending locations within the input string.
transformString method is a variation on
scanString. It applies any changes to the matched tokens and returns a single string representing the original input text, as modified by the individual matches.
The initial
Hello, World! parser calls
parseString and returns straightforward token results:
Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
Although this looks like a simple list of token strings, pyparsing returns data using a
ParseResults object. In the example above, the results variable behaves like a simple Python list. In fact, you can index into the results just like a list:
print results[0]
print results[-2]
will print:
ParseResults also lets you define names for individual syntax elements, making it easier to retrieve bits and pieces of the parsed text. This is especially helpful when a grammar includes optional elements, which can change the length and offsets of the returned token list. By modifying the definitions of
salute and
salute = Word( alphas+"'" ).setResultsName("salute")
greetee = Word( alphas ).setResultsName("greetee")
you can reference the corresponding tokens as if they were attributes of the returned results object:
print hello, "->", results
print results.salute
print results.greetee
Now the program will print:
G'day, Mate! -> ["G'day", ',', 'Mate', '!']
Results names can greatly help to improve the readability and maintainability of your parsing programs.
In the case of the phone number grammar, you can parse an input string containing a list of phone numbers, one after the next, as:
phoneNumberList = OneOrMore( phoneNumber )
data = phoneNumberList.parseString( inputString )
This will return data as a pyparsing ParseResults object, containing a list of all of the input phone numbers.
Pyparsing includes some helper expressions, such as
delimitedList, so that if your input were a comma-separated list of phone numbers, you could simply change
phoneNumberList to:
phoneNumberList = delimitedList( phoneNumber )
This will return the same list of phone numbers that you had before. (
delimitedList supports any custom string or expression as a delimiter, but comma delimiters are the most common, and so they are the default.)
If, instead of having a string containing only phone numbers, you had a complete mailing list of names, addresses, zip codes, and phone numbers, you could extract the phone numbers using
scanString is a Python generator function, so you must use it in a for loop, list comprehension, or generator expression.
for data,dataStart,dataEnd in
phoneNumber.scanString( mailingListText ):
# do something with the phone number tokens,
# returned in the 'data' variable
Lastly, if you had the same mailing list but wished to hide the numbers from, say, a potential telemarketer, you could transform the string by attaching a parse action that just changes all phone numbers to the string
(000)000-0000. Replacing the input tokens with a fixed string is a common parse action, so pyparsing provides a built-in function
replaceWith to make this very simple:
phoneNumber.setParseAction( replaceWith("(000)000-0000") )
sanitizedList =
phoneNumber.transformString( originalMailingListText )
Pyparsing will process input text until it runs out of matching text for its given parser elements. If it finds an unexpected token or character and there is no matching parsing element, then pyparsing will raise a
ParseExceptions print out a diagnostic message by default; they also have attributes to help you locate the line number, column, text line, and annotated line of text.
If you provide the input string
Hello, World? to your parser, you will receive the exception:
pyparsing.ParseException: Expected "!" (at char 12), (line:1, col:13)
At this point, you can choose to fix the input text or make the grammar more tolerant of other syntax (in this case, supporting question marks as valid sentence terminators).
Consider an application where you need to process chemical formulas, such as NaCl, H2O, or C6H5OH. For this application, the chemical formula grammar will be one or more element symbols, each followed by an optional integer. In BNF-style notation, this is:
integer :: '0'..'9'+
cap :: 'A'..'Z'
lower :: 'a'..'z'
elementSymbol :: cap lower*
elementRef :: elementSymbol [ integer ]
formula :: elementRef+
The pyparsing module handles these concepts with the classes
Optional and
OneOrMore. The definition of the
elementSymbol will use the two-argument constructor
Word: the first argument lists the set of valid leading characters, and the second argument gives the set of valid body characters. Using the pyparsing module, a simple version of the grammar is:
caps = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
lowers = caps.lower()
digits = "0123456789"
element = Word( caps, lowers )
elementRef = element + Optional( Word( digits ) )
formula = OneOrMore( elementRef )
elements = formula.parseString( testString )
So far, this program is an adequate tokenizer, processing the following formulas into their appropriate tokens. The default behavior for pyparsing is to return all of the parsed tokens within a single list of matching substrings:
NaCl -> ['Na', 'Cl']
Of course, you want to do some processing with these returned results, beyond simply printing them out as a list. Assume that you want to compute the molecular weight for each given chemical formula. The program somewhere defines a dictionary of chemical symbols and their corresponding atomic weight:
atomicWeight = {
"Na" : 22.9897,
"Cl" : 35.4527,
Next it would be good to establish a more logical grouping in the parsed chemical symbols and associated quantities, to return a structured set of results. Fortunately, the pyparsing module provides the
Group class for just this purpose. By changing the
elementRef declaration from:
elementRef = element + Optional( Word( digits ) )
elementRef = Group( element + Optional( Word( digits ) ) )
you will now get the results grouped by chemical symbol:
NaCl -> [['Na'], ['Cl']]
The last simplification is to include a default value for the quantity part of
elementRef, using the default argument for the constructor of the
Optional class:
elementRef = Group( element + Optional( Word( digits ),
default="1" ) )
Now every
elementRef will return a pair of values: the element's chemical symbol and the number of atoms of that element, with
"1" implied if no quantity is given. Now the test formulas return a very clean list of ordered pairs of element symbols and their respective quantities:
NaCl -> [['Na', '1'], ['Cl', '1']]
The final step is to compute the atomic weight for each. Add a single line of Python code after the call to
wt = sum( [ atomicWeight[elem] * int(qty)
for elem,qty in elements ] )
giving the results:
NaCl -> [['Na', '1'], ['Cl', '1']] (58.4424)
Listing 2 contains the entire pyparsing program.
Listing 2
from pyparsing import Word, Optional, OneOrMore, Group, ParseException
atomicWeight = {
"Na" : 22.9897,
"Cl" : 35.4527,
caps = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
lowers = caps.lower()
digits = "0123456789"
element = Word( caps, lowers )
elementRef = Group( element + Optional( Word( digits ), default="1" ) )
formula = OneOrMore( elementRef )
tests = [ "H2O", "C6H5OH", "NaCl" ]
for t in tests:
results = formula.parseString( t )
print t,"->", results,
except ParseException, pe:
print pe
wt = sum( [atomicWeight[elem]*int(qty) for elem,qty in results] )
print "(%.3f)" % wt
NaCl -> [['Na', '1'], ['Cl', '1']] (58.442)
One of the nice by-products of using a parser is the inherent validation it performs on the input text. Note that in the calculation of the
wt variable, there was no need to test that the
qty string was all numeric, or to catch
ValueError exceptions an invalid argument raised. If
qty weren't all numeric, and therefore a valid argument to
int(), it would not have passed the parser.
As a final example, consider the development of a simple HTML "scraper." It is not a comprehensive HTML parser, as such a parser would require scores of parse expressions. Fortunately, it is not usually necessary to have a complete HTML grammar definition to be able to extract significant pieces of data from most web pages, especially those autogenerated by CGI or other application programs.
This example will extract data with a minimal parser, targeted to work with a specific web page--in this case, the page kept by NIST listing publicly available network time protocol (NTP) servers. This routine could be part of a larger NTP client application that, during its initialization, would look up what NTP servers are currently available.
To begin developing an HTML scraper, you must first see what sort of HTML text you will need to process. By visiting the web site and viewing the returned HTML source, you can see that the page lists the names and IP addresses of the NTP servers in an HTML table:
|IP Address
|NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland
|NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland
The underlying HTML source for this table uses

, and
 tags to structure the NTP server data:

IP Address

NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland

NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland
This table is part of a much larger body of HTML, but pyparsing allows you to define a parse expression that matches only a subset of the total input text and to scan for text that matches the given parse expression. So you need only define the minimum amount of grammar required to match the desired HTML source.
The program should extract the IP addresses and locations of those servers, so you can focus your grammar on just those columns of the table. Informally, you want to extract the values that match the pattern
 IP address 	  location name
You do want to be a bit more specific than just matching on something as generic as
 any text 	  more any text 	, because so general an expression would match the first two columns of the table instead of the second two (as well as the first two columns of any table on the page!). Instead, use the specific format of the IP address to help narrow your search pattern by eliminating any false matches from other table data on the page.
To build up the elements of an IP address, start by defining an integer, then combining four integers with intervening periods:
integer = Word("0123456789")
ipAddress = integer + "." + integer + "." + integer + "." + integer
You will also need to match the HTML tags
 and
	, so define parse elements for each:
tdStart = Literal("")
tdEnd = Literal("	")
In general,
 tags can also contain attribute specifiers for alignment, color, and so on. However, this is not a general-purpose parser, only one written specifically for this web page, which fortunately does not use complicated
 tags. (The latest version of pyparsing includes a helper method for constructing HTML tags, which supports attribute specifiers in opening tags.)
Finally, you need some sort of expression to match the server's location description. This is actually a rather freely formatted bit of text--there's no knowing whether it will include alphabetic data, commas, periods, or numbers--so the simplest choice is to just accept everything up to the terminating
	 tag. Pyparsing includes a class named
SkipTo for this kind of grammar element.
You now have all the pieces you need to define the time server text pattern:
timeServer = tdStart + ipAddress + tdEnd + \
tdStart + SkipTo(tdEnd) + tdEnd
To extract the data, invoke
timeServer.scanString, which is a generator function that yields the matched tokens and the start and end string positions for each matching set of text. This application uses only the matched tokens.
Listing 3
from pyparsing import *
import urllib
# define basic text pattern for NTP server
integer = Word("0123456789")
ipAddress = integer + "." + integer + "." + integer + "." + integer
tdStart = Literal("")
tdEnd = Literal("	")
timeServer = tdStart + ipAddress + tdEnd + tdStart + SkipTo(tdEnd) + tdEnd
# get list of time servers
nistTimeServerURL = "http://tf.nist.gov/service/time-servers.html"
serverListPage = urllib.urlopen( nistTimeServerURL )
serverListHTML = serverListPage.read()
for srvrtokens,startloc,endloc in timeServer.scanString( serverListHTML ):
print srvrtokens
Running the program in Listing 3 gives the token data:
[' ', '129', '.', '6', '.', '15', '.', '28', '	 ', ' ', 'NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland', '	 ']
[' ', '129', '.', '6', '.', '15', '.', '29', '	 ', ' ', 'NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland', '	 ']
[' ', '132', '.', '163', '.', '4', '.', '101', '	 ', ' ', 'NIST, Boulder, Colorado', '	 ']
[' ', '132', '.', '163', '.', '4', '.', '102', '	 ', ' ', 'NIST, Boulder, Colorado', '	 ']
Looking at these results, a couple of things immediately jump out. One is that the parser records each IP address as a series of separate tokens, one for each subfield and delimiting period. It would be nice if pyparsing were to do a bit of work during the parsing process to combine these fields into a single-string token. Pyparsing's
Combine class will do just this. Modify the
ipAddress definition to read:
ipAddress = Combine( integer + "." + integer + "." + integer + "." + integer )
to get a single-string token returned for the IP address.
The second observation is that the results include the opening and closing HTML tags that mark the table columns. While the presence of these tags is important during the parsing process, the tags themselves are not interesting in the extracted data. To have them suppressed from the returned token data, construct the tag literals with the
suppress method.
tdStart = Literal("").suppress()
tdEnd = Literal("	").suppress()
Listing 4
from pyparsing import *
import urllib
# define basic text pattern for NTP server
integer = Word("0123456789")
ipAddress = Combine( integer + "." + integer + "." + integer + "." + integer )
tdStart = Literal("").suppress()
tdEnd = Literal("	").suppress()
timeServer = tdStart + ipAddress + tdEnd + tdStart + SkipTo(tdEnd) + tdEnd
# get list of time servers
nistTimeServerURL = "http://tf.nist.gov/service/time-servers.html"
serverListPage = urllib.urlopen( nistTimeServerURL )
serverListHTML = serverListPage.read()
for srvrtokens,startloc,endloc in timeServer.scanString( serverListHTML ):
print srvrtokens
Now run the program in Listing 4. Your returned token data has substantially improved:
['22.214.171.124', 'NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland']
['18.104.22.168', 'NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland']
['126.96.36.199', 'NIST, Boulder, Colorado']
['220.127.116.11', 'NIST, Boulder, Colorado']
Finally, add result names to these tokens, so that you can access them by attribute name. The easiest way to do this is in the definition of
timeServer = tdStart + ipAddress.setResultsName("ipAddress") + tdEnd
+ tdStart + SkipTo(tdEnd).setResultsName("locn") + tdEnd
Now you can neaten up the body of the for loop and access these tokens just like members in a dictionary:
servers = {}
for srvrtokens,startloc,endloc in timeServer.scanString( serverListHTML ):
print "%(ipAddress)-15s : %(locn)s" % srvrtokens
servers[srvrtokens.ipAddress] = srvrtokens.locn
Listing 5 contains the finished running program.
Listing 5
from pyparsing import *
import urllib
# define basic text pattern for NTP server
integer = Word("0123456789")
ipAddress = Combine( integer + "." + integer + "." + integer + "." + integer )
tdStart = Literal("").suppress()
tdEnd = Literal("	").suppress()
timeServer = tdStart + ipAddress.setResultsName("ipAddress") + tdEnd + \
tdStart + SkipTo(tdEnd).setResultsName("locn") + tdEnd
# get list of time servers
nistTimeServerURL = "http://tf.nist.gov/service/time-servers.html"
serverListPage = urllib.urlopen( nistTimeServerURL )
serverListHTML = serverListPage.read()
servers = {}
for srvrtokens,startloc,endloc in timeServer.scanString( serverListHTML ):
print "%(ipAddress)-15s : %(locn)s" % srvrtokens
servers[srvrtokens.ipAddress] = srvrtokens.locn
print servers
At this point, you've successfully extracted the NTP servers and their IP addresses and populated a program variable so that your NTP-client application can make use of the parsed results.
Pyparsing provides a basic framework for creating recursive-descent parsers, taking care of the overhead functions of scanning the input string, handling expression mismatches, selecting the longest of matching alternatives, invoking callback functions, and returning the parsed results. This leaves developers free to focus on their grammar design and the design and implementation of corresponding token processing. Pyparsing's nature as a combinator allows developers to scale their applications from simple tokenizers up to complex grammar processors. It is a great way to get started with your next parsing project!
Download pyparsing from SourceForge.
Paul McGuire is a senior manufacturing systems consultant at Alan Weber & Associates. In his spare time, he administers the pyparsing project on SourceForge.
Return to the Python DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


text:
I also live in PA and my son was prescribed the vitamin D drops when our pediatrician told me my breast milk would not be enough. That was the beginning of the downward spiral with our pediatrician.
We recently switched pediatricians and our current one was shocked that we were given any type of vitamin or anything really, the babe should not have anything but breastmilk.
I do however keep my house open to much sunlight and try to keep up on my prenatal vitamins still.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
He is survived by his adoring parents, Robert G. and Carol Ann Graff Burnett; loving brother, Robert J. Burnett; his uncles and aunts, Ricky and Keri Graff and Robert L. and Teenie Burnett; his fiance; Chelsea Rubio; and the center of Jimmy's world, their son, James Dean Burnett Jr. Jimmy was the epitome of a country boy. He loved fishing and hunting and was no stranger to hard work. He loved his family and his giving nature turned a "friend" into a "brother" instantly. We will miss the smile that lit up our world, the bear hugs that made us feel the love that came straight from his heart but mostly we will miss the joy that came from being in the presence of our Jimmy.
Visitation will be held at 2 p.m. on Friday May 10, 2013 at Immaculate Conception Catholic Church on N. Commercial street in Goliad with rosary recited at 7 p.m. at the church. Mass will be held on Saturday at the church with Father Ralph Baidoo officiating at 10 a.m. Burial will be in the Hawley Cemetery in Blessing at 4 p.m. on Saturday.
Memorials may be made to the James Dean Burnett scholarship fund at P.O. Box 145, Goliad, Texas 77963.


text:
Students from 4-H programs throughout the area brought in a variety of items to sell including a wooden ice chest, peanut brittle and plants. Each one was sold to raise money for the purchase of two new ambulances for use by Driscoll Children's Hospital.
Oftentimes even the buyers of the items would put their purchases back on the auction block.
Texana Feeders started this trend having just won the wooden ice chest for $250.
"You want to resell it? We are going to resell it," the auctioneer called over the microphone.
The final numbers were not available Monday, but with several dozen youths bringing in items to sell, it is easy to estimate that more than $25,000 was raised.
"We are so thankful for the support we get from all the communities in our area," said Martha Avery, Driscoll Children's Hospital vice president of development. "Beeville and the surrounding areas have always been supportive of our efforts at the hospital, and because of their contributions they will help us purchase a new pedi-transport ambulance for the hospital."
This is the 27th year for the South Texas Cattlemen's Roundup held at the Beeville Livestock Commission.
Young 4-H members from Bee, Refugio, Goliad County and Karnes counties brought in the items.
Sponsored by Lyssy & Eckel Feeds, the South Texas Cattlemen's RoundUp is a grass-roots fundraiser held every summer in cities throughout Driscoll's 31-county service area.
Local 4-H clubs, Future Farmers of America chapters, county extension agents and businesses participate by donating goods and services that are auctioned off to benefit the hospital. Those items include homemade baked goods, agricultural and ranching products, arts and crafts, and other items.


text:
Dear members,
Thank you, NarutoBase Staff
What if Hashirama and Naruto talk no jutsu'd Obito and Madara. "Naruto could say something like Rin is still alive.......in your thoughts". Hashirama could just say those three magic words and BAM, instant talk no jutsu .
Edo Tensei battle!!!
aha a oh please no
Originally Posted by slider89
aha a oh please no
I know that would be stupid, but Kishi could just troll us like he does every now and then.
hope not...
Maybe near the end with some Naruto help
I would stop reading.
Forum Rules


text:
Naturopathic MedicineSkip to the navigation
Topic Overview
What is naturopathic medicine?
Naturopathic medicine (or naturopathy) is based on the belief that the body can heal itself. It aims to improve health, prevent disease, and treat illness through the use of organic foods and exercise; a healthy, balanced lifestyle; and the use of treatments from other areas of complementary medicine. (These treatments include ayurveda, homeopathy, and herbal therapies.)
Naturopathy was developed in the late 1800s in the United States. Today, a licensed naturopathic doctor (ND) attends a 4-year, graduate-level naturopathic medical school. He or she studies basic sciences and alternative therapies, such as herbal medicine, homeopathy, and bodywork.
Most traditional naturopathic physicians (naturopaths) believe in natural therapies, such as nutritional and lifestyle counseling. They tend to avoid prescribing medicines or doing surgery. Some naturopaths prescribe herbal medicines, homeopathic dilutions, or nutritional supplements. Some may perform minor surgeries.
The disagreement over practice guidelines and licensing requirements in different states has led to some public confusion about the role of the naturopath.
What is naturopathy used for?
People use naturopathic medicine to promote good health, prevent disease, and treat illness. Most naturopaths can treat earaches, allergies, and other common health problems. Naturopathy tries to find the cause of the problem rather than just treating symptoms.
Is naturopathy safe?
Two common concerns about naturopathy are the use of fasting and a bias against vaccines.
- Talk with your MD before fasting. Fasting means not eating or drinking, or consuming only liquids for a period of time. Fasting can be dangerous, especially if you have a disease such as diabetes .
- Some naturopaths do not believe that immunization is necessary. Before vaccines became available, childhood illnesses caused large numbers of deaths and long-term health problems but gave survivors natural immunity. The benefits of vaccines greatly outweigh the risks. footnote 1
Always tell your doctor if you are using an alternative therapy or are thinking about combining one with your conventional medical treatment. It may not be safe to rely only on an alternative therapy.
Naturopathy licensing varies from state to state. Not all states require naturopaths to be licensed. Also, not all naturopathic training programs are the same. Some schools grant degrees that are not accepted by state licensing boards. In the United States, the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME) is the only agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education to accredit naturopathic programs and colleges.
Before you choose a naturopath, find out if the person graduated from an accredited college. Also check to see if your state has licensing laws that govern the practice of NDs. If your state licenses NDs, ask the ND if he or she is licensed.
Related Information
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Some common misconceptions about vaccination and how to respond to them. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/6mishome.htm.
Other Works Consulted
- Zeff JL, et al. (2013). A hierarchy of healing: The therapeutic order. In JE Pizzorno, MT Murray, eds., Textbook of Natural Medicine, 4th ed., pp. 18–33. St. Louis: Mosby.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Current as ofJuly 13, 2015
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Next Section:Related Information
Previous Section:Topic Overview
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Current as of: July 13, 2015
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine


text: Tobias Meyer, Sotheby's worldwide head of contemporary art, left, and Mark Fletcher, a private art consultant, in the eclectic Time Warner Center apartment Meyer describes as "Mark's and my soup." In their living room, a John Currin oil hangs above a French 1740s kingwood commode. A mural by Brazilian artist Assume Vivid Astro Focus covers the room.


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Are you under the impression that free-market roads would be impossible, or at least impossibly complicated?
Then I have good news for you.
There are many possible ways for roads to be provided in a free society, even assuming unfettered technology wouldn't make roads obsolete.
Business owners could voluntarily join forces to provide roads and bridges that service their area so that customers could reach them comfortably. Neighbors could band together voluntarily to service the roads they use to get where they need to go. Companies could spring up to provide roads for a fee on your car insurance, or in some similar way. There could be toll road companies that bill you monthly for your use of their roads.
You don't think road use is currently free, do you?
You'll still pay to use the road, but there will be accountability. The advantages of that should be obvious.
Privately owned roads had better be good, since the owner could be liable for any damage to your person or property due to poor maintenance or other road hazards like snow, ice, or tumbleweeds.
Restitution would be a powerful incentive.
Still, potholes happen.
Cars in a free society would probably be better at avoiding or dealing with problems than those we now drive. Perhaps they will automatically avoid that pothole to prevent the impact completely. If this fails and your car is damaged anyway, the road's owner may be able to recover some portion of the restitution he pays you from the car's manufacturer because of this malfunction.
Perhaps cars would immediately contact a database to report a road hazard, and its exact coordinates, so that other drivers (or their cars) could be alerted to avoid it, and repair crews could be dispatched.
If someone refuses to pay, either for use of the road or for damages from flawed maintenance, arbitration could be sought.
There could still be patrols to make sure no one is driving dangerously, but they would never have authority above any other individual, and would be held accountable if they violate your rights; they and their employer would be personally liable for any abuse or harm you suffered at their hands.
I can't go into every possibility even I can think of in a column this short, and the solutions might be completely different, anyway. In a free society there wouldn't be a "one-size-fits-all" way to provide roads. Anyone would be free to experiment and compete with roads he found inadequate in some way.
How might you do it, if you had the opportunity, without coercion?
Farwell's Kent McManigal champions liberty. Contact him at:


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Hi everyone!
The Brooklyn Baker is at it again. This coming week, I'll be baking for two (count 'em, two!) literary events at Word bookstore in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.
Tuesday night, you can find my Sweet Potato Cupcakes with Toasted Marshmallow Frosting and Vegan Pumpkin Cupcakes with Vanilla 'Butter'cream Frosting at a Largehearted Lit event featuring authors Nathan Larson and Joshua Cody. Wednesday night, you can sample Blueberry Scones and Lemon Scones for the book release party for Leanna Hieber and her new book "Darker Still". Leanna is bringing Earl Grey tea to go with the scones!
Both events are free and open to the public! For more information, check out the Word events page at the link above.


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Bobby Thomson hits the "shot heard 'round the world," Woody Guthrie passes away, Germany comes together, and O.J. Simpson is found not guilty, all on this day.
1984: Singer Ashlee Simpson, the younger sister of Jessica Simpson who rose to prominence in 2004 with the success of her No. 1 debut album "Autobiography," is born in Waco, Texas.


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PAVE hosts anti-bullying workshopFebruary 09,2013Feb. 26 workshop
will tackle bullying
BENNINGTON Project Against Violent Encounters will host a presentation, Helping My Child Stop the Bullies, on Feb. 26 from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. at Molly Stark Elementary School.
Parents are encouraged to bring their school-aged children.
The presentation will deal with questions like: What should a student do when someone picks on him or her, or starts rumors, or never lets the student join a group? Is it really bullying if there is no physical contact?
Steve Breakstone, PAVE Youth Educator and author of the book, How to Stop Bullying and Social Aggression, said the goal of the workshop is to help understand and reduce bullying, cyber-bullying and social aggression.
Social aggression, (which includes) silent treatment, targeting social status, rumor spreading and do or dont do this or I wont be your friend is just as painful as physical bullying; sometimes more painful and often more common, Breakstone said.
Parents will discover appropriate responses and find out how they can help their children respond immediately.
The workshop will involve role-playing and group activities.
Practice is an essential element if a parent is to be secure in knowing they will be able to help their child deal with a bully or social aggressor, said Breakstone.
For further information, call Breakstone at 734-5285 or email him at firstname.lastname@example.com IN This Just InBARRE TOWN Firefighters faced a collection of adverse conditions as a house on Granitville Road... Full StoryWILLISTON Police are asking for help identifying the man who tried to steal roughly $800 worth ... Full StoryNEWBURY Police said somebody stole booze and change from a Welch Road residence. Full Story
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You should be…it can make or break the party! Brides, grooms and other wedding professionals love the Illinois DJs, wedding bands and musicians listed below. How do we know? We ask them ourselves—and if we don't hear raves, we don't consider them Certified By The Guide.
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Consistently voted one of the top wedding bands in Chicago, David Rothstein Music considers themselves experts at packing the dance floor. Their high-energy bands feature professional vocalists with a…
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Run away with that special someone and book a romantic stay at The Westin Kierland Resort & Spa. Indulge. Be inspired to see each other in a new way. The Romance Package includes:
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Exclusive to Scrappin Doodles, our Everyday Stick Kids collection includes adorable Girl & Boy themed graphics. Great for craft projects, teaching projects, teaching lesson plans, teacher papers, student handouts, scrapbooking, digital scrapbooking, paper crafting, card making, etc.. Graphics come in JPEG and PNG format 300 dpi for perfect printing. I created these graphics large so they are suitable for printing and Digital Scrapbooking projects and can be easily resized smaller to suit other needs, graphics measure up to approx 6". Graphics shown at approx 12% of actual size. Original Artwork by Scrappin Doodles
Key words: kids, boy, girl, baby sitter, chef, cooking, baking, cookies, lollipop, bbq, shopping cart, rain, umbrella, sweeping, vacume, chores, recycle bun, bike, bicycle, stick people, cute, clip art, clipart, graphics, illustrations, card making graphics, paper crafting graphics
NOTE: Quality has been reduced in sample picture to prevent digital piracy, you will receive crisp clear 300 dpi images
Product 169/680
This product was added to our catalog on Friday 28 February, 2014.


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You are Here:
Water Management
Hydrology & Hydraulics
/ TR-64 Floodway Determination
Loading Tree...
The NRCS Floodway Determination (FLDWY) computer program is used to calculate a floodway at given cross sections along a stream. For this program, a floodway is defined as the minimum width at a cross section that is required to carry the selected flood with a specified increase in water surface elevation.
Before FLDWY can be used, the elevation of the selected flood at each cross section must be known. The input data for WSP2 can be used directly by FLDWY to make floodway calculations.
downloads These files require a zip utility or Adobe Acrobat.
TR-64, Floodway Determination (50.5 Kb)
TR-64 Documentation (462 Kb)
The Natural Resources Conservation Service used government funds to develop the Technical Release 64 (TR64) computer program. It may be downloaded for use and copying at no additional expense or license requirements.
< Back to H & H Tools and Models
NRCS Home | USDA.gov | Site Map | Civil Rights | FOIA | Plain Writing | Accessibility Statement
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text:
Economy Pro Shipping Boots
Economy Pro Shipping Boots provide great protection during shipping. Reasonable price and great quality. Read more...
Great quality at a reasonable price! Economy Pro Shipping Boots offer complete coverage from knees and hocks down during shipping. Durable hook and loop closures are easy on/off yet will keep boots securely in place. Durable outer shells with protective nylon linings. Front: approximately 22 1/2" high. Hind: approximately 30" high. Set of 4.
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Overall Rating: 5 StarsAverage Based on 2 Reviews Write a Review
Excellent boots for an excellent price. I did a lot of research before I bought these and decided on them because of the quantity of velcro straps. These boots stayed in place for our 26 hour ride wihtout any problems. Kept the horses legs safe even when the one started kicking for a while. They do fit a taller horse (around 16hh) better, but worked fine on the 15hh horse also.
I just bought these and You can't beat the quality for the price I have looked all over and These are awesome shippig boots with well stiched wraps. My gelding loves to step on himself and tare the stitching and He can't rip these.


text:
The best-selling One Year Bible, which helps customers read the entire
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Back Cover CopyThe One Year Bible
Millions of people have benefited from read through God's entire Word by
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text:
"I have been a fan of Catholic Answers from its beginnings. Keep up this great apostolate, as it does help many of our Catholics appreciate their faith, especially in the military. Blessings and prayers for your continued success."
~ Fr. Eric, US Army, Baghdad
0 results sorted by popularity
"I receive Thee, the price of my redemption, for Whose love I have watched, studied, and labored. Thee have I preached; Thee have I taught. Never have I said anything against Thee."
~ Johann Feneberg, German Jesuit; upon having his leg amputated below the knee (without anesthetic) after an accident


text: I am pregnant with my third, and I was unable to breastfeed my first two. Since then, I discovered that I have insufficient glandular tissue, so breastfeeding alone is most likely not in the cards for me. My question is, I want to try using a SNS, but I don't know which one to purchase. I have heard that the Lact-Aid is better, and that it forces the baby to suck more, but some people swear by the Medela. Has anyone used one of these, and if so, what did you think?


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A self-described liberal, award-winning editorial cartoonist Chris Britt nevertheless delights in skewering deserving politicians of every persuasion. Britt's sardonic, biting cartoons are sometimes controversial, often outrageous and always thought-provoking.
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text:
Living conditions and volunteer lifestyles in China
Housing and Site Location
Volunteer sites in China are located from within Chengdu, where the Peace Corps office is located, to up to 1,200 kilometers (744 miles) away. Many Volunteers live on the campus of the college/university to which they are assigned and the school provides housing. All sites have hot water heaters for showering. However, in the winter, there is an occasional water shortage when water may not be available for hours at a time. Electricity is fairly constant, but power failures do occur, especially in winter. Volunteers live in local faculty housing or in apartments. These residences have a living room, a bedroom, a bathroom, a kitchen, and sometimes a study.
Living and Leave Allowances and Money Management
All Volunteers will receive a living allowance that is designed to allow Volunteers to live modestly by the standards of the people they serve, yet not in a manner that would endanger their health or safety. The current monthly living allowance is 1,410 yuan (equivalent to about $196), which is paid monthly.
The living allowance is intended to cover the purchase of food, replacement clothing, local entertainment and travel, and other incidental expenses. You also receive the equivalent of $24 per month for leave allowance which is paid on the same schedule as the living allowance. You will be separately reimbursed for official travel (Peace Corps conferences, medical checkups, etc.). As a Peace Corps Volunteer, you are not allowed to accept any other paying positions during your term, nor can you accept bonus payments from schools or other amounts from individuals or institutions. Any secondary projects such as tutoring or giving lectures must be done without compensation.
A debit card is extremely useful to have in China. A debit card tied to a U.S. account is the easiest way to receive money from the U.S. Amounts can be deposited into the account in the U.S. and you can then withdraw the funds directly in local currency at your site. Credit cards are rarely accepted in many parts of China, but can be of use for travel while on leave.
Food and Diet
Chinese food varies greatly from the Cantonese-style food that is typically found in major cities in the United States. Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou dishes are much spicier and may take some getting used to, though mild dishes are also available. Gansu dishes are more plain-flavored.
The staple in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou is rice. Pork is also served at almost every meal. Although vegetables abound, eating in restaurants can be difficult for vegetarians because meat is often mixed in with dishes featuring tofu or vegetables. The staple in Gansu is noodles, and beef and mutton are the major meats. Sichuan and Chongqing dishes also tend to be oily. Cooking your own food is cheaper and healthier than eating in restaurants. Every Volunteer in China has access to a kitchen with a refrigerator and a stovetop.
A central ingredient in Chinese cooking is monosodium glutamate, better known as MSG. MSG is used to enhance flavor. While MSG has a negative reputation in America, most people can eat it without negative effects. Some people, however, experience moderate to severe allergic reactions, and people with hypertension should not consume excessive amounts. A person with a known allergy to this compound should not accept service in China.
Daily travel in many parts of China, including many, but not all, of the areas where Volunteers serve, is often by bicycle. Although Peace Corps/China does not provide bicycles, many Volunteers use them as their regular means of transportation. The Peace Corps requires every Volunteer to wear a bicycle helmet and will issue one if needed. You are not allowed to drive any motorized vehicle during your service in China or when you travel to other countries where there is a Peace Corps program. You are not allowed to ride on the back of motorcycles.
Buses and minibuses are also a common form of transportation, and bus service is available within and among all cities and small towns. Bus transportation, due to the poor condition of some roads, lack of regualr vehicle maintenance, and schedule changes, is not always reliable, so contingency planning is important. Taxi service via cars is available in every city.
Long-distance travel occurs by air or by train. Although there is regular air service to most cities in China, official travel is almost always by train. Train service is reliable and there are sleeper car options for overnight trips.
Geography and Climate
China is subject to extremes in weather, from bitterly cold to unbearably hot. All Volunteer sites are cold in the winter, and several weeks of sustained temperatures in the 32- to 38degree Fahrenheit range can be uncomfortable for Americans used to central heating. Although heat is provided, rooms may still be cooler than some people would prefer. Also, Chinese generally believe that artificial heat and closed-in areas are unhealthy. Be prepared to wear several layers of clothing, especially when away from your residence (including when you are teaching). Summers in western China, on the other hand, can be hot and extremely humid, with temperatures reaching into the 90s for many days. Most Volunteers' residential apartments have air-conditioners and most classrooms have electric fans, but the heat can be challenging for some people.
Social Activities
The Chinese are generally friendly and pleasant people, but it is sometimes difficult for foreigners to integrate into Chinese society. Until fairly recently, social contact between Chinese and most foreigners was limited to business relationships. Despite the increased openness and greater opportunities for interaction it can still be very challenging to become friends with a Chinese person in a way that Americans typically define friendship. Intimate relationships between Chinese and foreigners, depending on the nature of the relationship, the location, and the parties involved, can be sensitive and potentially controversial.
Life in western China is generally much slower than life in the United States. Current Volunteers recommend taking the initiative in joining activities outside of work, such as learning Chinese calligraphy, kung fu, mah-jongg, or go (weiqi); joining a sports club; or inviting friends and colleagues to go out for karaoke. Your Volunteer experience will be much richer and fulfilling if you readily look for cultural-sharing opportunities at site.
Professionalism, Dress, and Behavior
Great importance is likely to be attached to neatness and proper dress, particularly in professional fields. Volunteers should dress suitably both on and off the job and respect host country and community attitudes toward personal appearance. Based on accepted norms for teachers in China, Peace Corps/China has adopted the following dress and appearance code for Volunteers, which is required during pre-service training, teaching time, office hours, important social activities, and while visiting the Peace Corps office in Chengdu. When participating in athletic activities, you are encouraged to wear modest sports clothes.
Appropriate dress includes collared shirts (not T-shirts) and pants for men (short-sleeve shirts are recommended); blouses, knee-length skirts, dresses, or dress slacks for women; and sturdy sandals or closed shoes (not rubber thongs). Additionally, no hats should be worn during sessions or while teaching; no earrings for men and only one earring in each lobe for women; no body piercings for men or women; and any tattoos must be kept covered at all times. Male teachers are expected to have neat hair. Thus, short haircuts that are neat and well-kept are strongly recommended.
Short-shorts, revealing clothing, military-style clothing, spaghetti straps, or flip flops should never be worn. Walking shorts (knee length) or culottes, clean jeans and T-shirts, and sandals are acceptable casual dress.
Peace Corps/China has a policy regarding the use of alcohol by Volunteers and staff. That policy requires moderation in consumption and holds Volunteers and staff responsible for behavior that could harm the reputation of the Peace Corps, disrespect local cultural traditions, or compromise the personal health and safety of Volunteers or staff. Should you have personal concerns about the issue of alcohol use and your interest in being assigned as a Volunteer to the China, please feel free to discuss this with your program manager or the Peace Corps medical officer Volunteers and trainees who create their own websites, or post information to websites that have been created and maintained by others, should be reminded that (unless password-protected) any information posted on the Internet can probably be accessed by the general public, even if that is not intended. They are responsible for discussing the content in advance with the country director to ensure that the material is suitable and complies with general guidelines as well any country-specific guidance. Volunteers and trainees are responsible for ensuring that their IT use meets Peace Corps general guidelines.
Volunteers are required to take extreme care in or avoid taking photographs of what are clearly or could be perceived as sensitive areas, including but not limited to military installations, government buildings, police stations, airports, and airplanes. If you are unsure, it is safer to refrain from taking the photograph.
Personal Safety
Becoming a Peace Corps Volunteer entails certain safety risks. Living and traveling in an unfamiliar environment (oftentimes alone), having a limited understanding of local language and culture, and being perceived as well-off are some of the factors that can put a Volunteer at risk. Many Volunteers experience varying degrees of unwanted attention and harassment. Petty thefts and burglaries are not uncommon, and incidents of physical and sexual assault do occur, although most China Volunteers complete their two years of service without personal security incidents. The Peace Corps has established procedures and policies designed to help you reduce your risks and enhance your safety and security. These procedures and policies, in addition to safety training, will be provided once you arrive in China. At the same time, you are expected to take responsibility for your safety and well-being.
Rewards and Frustrations
Serving as a Peace Corps Volunteer may be the most rewarding thing you do in your life, and living in China is likely to be an extraordinary experience. But many Westerners find that they have to adjust to living in China, and that day-to-day life here presents some challenges.
Not feeling accepted by Chinese is a common experience. Staring, name-calling (e.g., waiguoren or laowai), and seemingly impolite shouts of "Hello!" followed by giggling are all things you may face on a daily basis. This is by no means considered acceptable behavior by most Chinese, but at times it may seem that way. Although staring is unnerving to most Americans, it is not meant to be offensive. In China, it is okay to stare intensely at anything or anyone. This can be a source of frustration and even friction as you begin to feel more integrated into Chinese culture. You may always stand out in a crowd, so you will have little of the anonymity you might get in other places where you are unknown. You might be asked very personal questions (e.g., about your age, weight, or income) by Chinese, but that is a way for them to show a friendly interest in you. The American desire for privacy is not always understood and therefore not often honored. At some campuses, officials have keys to on-campus housing and may feel free to enter your apartment to check on things while you are out.
Casual dating is not common and is generally discouraged. High school students are forbidden to have a boyfriend or girlfriend, and relationships between college students are everyone's business. Serious dating is bound to be noticed because of the general lack of privacy. Gaining a bad reputation in China is not desirable, and a Westerner who wants to date a Chinese must realize that such dating may be a delicate matter for the Chinese person involved.
Volunteers may also become frustrated with aspects of Chinese cities such as a seeming lack of traffic regulations, restrooms and other public facilities that do not meet American standards of cleanliness, and a general lack of building and equipment maintenance.


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At this spa there are lots of treatments that pamper and moisturize skin. But can body lotions you buy at the drugstore do a good job? Consumer Reports ShopSmart magazine checked out 14 moisturizing body lotions from names like Aveeno, Vaseline, and Jergens, as well as store brands from CVS, Walmart, Walgreens, and Target. Jody Rohlena Consumer Reports ShopSmart "Our testers rounded up 26 women to see how well each of the lotions moisturized over the course of a day." All the testing is done inside this humidity-controlled chamber.
Testers use this instrument to measure the moisture level in each panelist's skin - before applying the moisturizer, then after applying the moisturizer at intervals of two hours, five hours, and finally 24 hours. This Up & Up Extra Healing Moisturizer from Target was the least moisturizing lotion. Consumer Reports' sensory panelists also evaluated the feel of each lotion, as well as the aroma. Jody Rohlena, "Some smelled a bit like plastic. As far as skin feel, some were thin, others were a bit waxy." Some of the moisturizers were virtually aroma-free. Among them - this Cetaphil Moisturizing Lotion, which was also the most moisturizing lotion tested. It costs about 10 dollars. "


text: Hi, I'm a working mom to an almost 10 month old baby. I've oversupply issues from the beginning. Currently I pump twice a day so that he can have expressed milk during the day. We also cosleep and he eats a couple of times at night. I'm still leaking a ton at night and soaking the sheets, I keep hoping it will slow down, but hasn't yet, was wondering when it slowed down for those with oversupply, I'm getting tired of sleeping on wet sheets.:o


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Home List of Titles Art, media and design research and practice: views of educators in a 'new' Australian university
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/210793
- Title
- Art, media and design research and practice: views of educators in a 'new' Australian university
- Author(s)
- Melles, Gavin
- Abstract
- During the late 1980s and early 1990s further and higher education in the UK and Australia underwent restructuring, bringing institutional mergers and the transformation of institutes of technology and colleges of education into 'new' universities. Vocational fields, including the creative arts and industries of design and film, came into the higher education sector and had to now adjust their vocational creative focus to include research. The development of a research culture was pursued through a range of strategies, including the 'doctoring' of staff, the development of 'creative' practice-based alternatives to traditional PhDs and research outputs, and the recruitment of research-qualified academics from other fields. This qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews conducted over 2006–2007 examined research views and aspirations of 53 full-time and part-time lecturers in design, media and arts fields in an Australian university of technology. Drawing on concepts from Gee's D/discourse analysis, this paper explores how visual arts (design and media) educators' positions regarding research are informed by their identities in communities of practice. Employing a constructivist grounded theory approach; interview analysis suggests that conflicting discourses around practice, profession, industry, and research in practitioner and academic communities of practice present significant challenges to identities in these fields.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Design
- Source
- Research in Post-Compulsory Education, Vol. 16, no. 4 (Dec 2011), pp. 451-463
- Publication year
- 2011
- FOR Code(s)
- 1301 Education Systems
- Keyword(s)
- Australia; Design educators; Design research; Higher education; Industry; Practice-based research; Professions
- Publisher
- Routledge
- 1359-6748
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2011 Further Education Research Association.
- Peer reviewed


text:
I am all for Rihanna at the Garden.
[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]
Just a rumor and if the mods have to move this thread, please do what u need to do. Props to JR if this is true, I get an extra inch when im tuggin to pics of RihannaRihanna has been linked to another sportsman less than a year after ending her romance with baseball star Matt Kemp.
The singer was spotted getting cozy with New York Knicks basketball player J.R. Smith at a New York nightclub last week.
One onlooker who saw the pair together at Veranda tells In Touch magazine, They were very flirty in the club all night and holding hands. She was sitting on his lap and appeared to be really into him.
Like Rihanna, Smith, 26, is no stranger to the headlines for his sexy exploits he was fined $25,000 by the NBA in March after tweeting a photo of a womans butt in a thong from his bed.
I am all for Rihanna at the Garden.
Sig made by Sons of Thunder
****, I don't want this!
Remember when she dated Matt Kemp? Dude played like an absolute wash that year.
Then they broke up last season and he was the best player in baseball
Define 'smashing' Chris Brown proved it had more than one meaning when it comes to Rihanna
Who freaking cares who has JR been dating lately? Seriously folks, is it something to discuss in the Game On section of KO?
I don't care what JR does in bed or who he is banging. He could be banging another dude for all I care as long as he deliver on the court.
But at least if he is playing like ****, I know what/who to blame. LMAO!
Rhianna is out of control
chick is smashing everybody. definitely lost some points with me for turning into a smut but she is bad though. can't blame J.R. LOL
Lindsay, kardashian, Manaj, Spears, Rihanna, GaGa, and Hilton are all attention seeking freaks. I can only imagine horny teenagers and loney young men being interested in these chicks. Women are a dime a dozen...so lets forget about these mishaps in life and keep them out of the Knicks forums.
I could care less who he's banging or taking ass pics of, as long as he produces IF he resigns with the Knicks.
Are we surprised? Rihanna bangs anything that dribbles a ball, carries a bat or raps. A few weeks ago she was caught leaving Ashton Cutchers house at 2 am and now this.


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Vermont's vanishing churchesJuly 27,2014Julie Parker Photo
Ellie Holsman, wife of the Rev. Wayne Holsman, stands in the the Hancock-Granville Community Church.On Route 100, about midway from all four boundaries of the state, Granville and Hancock are far from the most prosperous towns in Vermont. Despite or perhaps because of the nature of the residents of these villages, they have overlooked their denominational and geographical differences in order to keep their white-steepled church open for Sunday services. I found my first niche in this church in summer when they welcomed my hitting wrong notes on their electric organ to accompany hymns.
More moneyed communities with museums or ski areas have let many of their clapboard sanctuaries convert to quilting boutiques or go vacant, leaving water stains over the pulpit and abandoned pews no derriere has graced for years. A little of the heart and soul of a village takes flight when its church locks up permanently.
Last week our Hancock-Granville Community Church had four attendees besides the three choir members and church organist. One was the minister's wife, Ellie. Ellie stands at the back window before the service begins, perhaps praying for a miracle that one more car might pull into the parking lot. The church is struggling, its longevity linked to that of the faithful parishioners. Fifteen funerals of members have been celebrated during the summers we have spent in Granville, when 26 in the pews was a banner number. And yet Wayne Holsman, our pastor, is one of the outstanding personalities of our valley, erudite and iconoclastic, loving and full of fire for his favorite causes and human beings. He inspires listeners to action as effectively as any of America's great talk show hosts (Tom Ashbrook comes to mind.) Yet he preaches to five or 10 elderly people each week a cohesive service reflecting his intimacy with the Bible and current events.
Wayne knows and loves everybody in town whether they come to church or not. He will do their weddings, baptisms, burials. Which is not to say he won't castigate them and us for our thoughtlessness, weak wills and petty distractions which he confides he shares. And he won't miss the humor counterbalancing each tale of woe. He thunders in righteous indignation over the fate of the Central American kids heartlessly turned back, then breaks out in a blazing smile as he suddenly recalls a past parishioner, or a teacher at Union Seminary, or a saying of Karl Barth, the great Swiss Protestant theologian, or a Jordanian shopkeeper friend in Middlebury who is "a more faithful, generous Muslim than most Christians I know."
A graduate of Amherst College and cleric who left his mark at Union Theological, Chicago Theological and Hartford seminaries, Wayne is a recovering alcoholic who is proud to announce he has been sober well over 20 years. He befriends or counsels many a substance abuser as one who has been there. He suffers excruciating back problems which don't keep him from driving over the Middlebury Gap from Ripton summer and winter to officiate on Sunday mornings. No longer able to mount the four steps to the pulpit, he sits at a table in front of them and delivers sermons eye-level with the congregation. His love for these few members scattered throughout the vacant pews could be compared heretically to the love Jesus experienced for his disciples. "You people," he often pronounces, shaking his head as he chuckles fondly, "you are salt of the earth, I love you. You pitch in whatever the need is, you sacrifice, you roll up your sleeves. You are doers. I wouldn't exchange you for all the fine, upstanding parishioners of …," and he names some cathedral of repute where he knew the minister.
Today the theme is his distrust of abstraction. "I'm not a philosopher," he announces. "Once a churchgoer asked me, 'What do you see when you talk of God?' I don't get into these vague discussions that lead to the nature of being or that kind of stuff. I'm a doer." There is a pause. He seems to change course with a chuckle. "You know, I love bumper stickers. I love the one that says, 'I shop, therefore I am.' Cogito ergo sum. I think, therefore I am. No. Descartes had it wrong."
The listeners lean forward a little. Wayne continues. "I used to have weekly discussions with my friend the professor at Middlebury College. I love that man. He was a member of the Salisbury congregation." Wayne treasured his years at the helm of the Salisbury church, which he refers to often, full of thinkers, professors, writers at the Rutland Herald. But Wayne feels the professor had it wrong, stuck on Descartes. "Thinking has never changed anyone's life. Do you think the addict doesn't know his addiction is killing him? Do you think the smoker struggling to quit doesn't know she's destroying her lungs? No. 'I think, therefore I am' is just plain wrong. And I shop, (chuckle) therefore I am, is not much better."
Now Wayne has us in his hands. What does he feel the saying should be? He tells us. "That saying should be — oh, how I struggle with this in my life — it should be, 'I care, therefore I am.'" These five words are stated profoundly. Then, realizing how hard this is, he adds in fury, "I try to care for all these eight-balls who deny that gun restriction might help reduce violence. I struggle and I just want to know that everyone is struggling with me, trying to care."
Wayne ends admitting there is no more difficult business than that of trying to be caring, especially for those with whom we differ drastically. He has unleashed his loving ferocity for another week on the handful of us listeners, and we feel stirred, aroused, inspired. Will we keep struggling with the idea that if we are not caring, we are not existing? Who will remind us once our pastors and their congregations are only memories? Whether one is a Congregationalist, Unitarian, agnostic, Buddhist, Episcopalian, follower of Yogananda or silent worshipper of life, and I have been all, pastors who exemplify a true calling, as Wayne Holsman does, are treasures we are ignoring as they slowly slip into silence for lack of listeners.
Julie Parker is a Middlebury College alumna who lives half the year in Granville and the other half in Altadena, Calif. She spent childhood summers in Rutland at the home of her grandfather, Dr. George G. Marshall.MORE IN PerspectiveVermonters have waited patiently for almost nine months now an exceedingly long period of time,... Full StoryEducation was in the shadows during the presidential election. Full StoryBricks. The wall was full of bricks. Full Story
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Gunfire erupted in a Columbia, Maryland, shopping mall late Saturday morning, leaving three people dead and four injured, police said.
Howard County Police Chief Bill McMahon told reporters that the shooter apparently shot two people before shooting himself in a store on the second floor. The motive was unclear.
Police entered the mall and found three people dead, including one person who was found near a gun and ammunition.
Mall employees said the gunfire erupted near a second-floor food court in the late morning, sending shoppers and workers running for cover.
The scene was secure shortly before 1 p.m., police said.
Four people from the mall were transported to Howard County General Hospital, a hospital spokeswoman said in a statement.
Police work to evacuate mall-goers from The Mall in Columbia following a shooting that left three dead. Police said one of the three was likely the shooter.
Armored police stand ready outside a Columbia, Maryland mall after three people were shot and killed. Police said one of the dead is likely the shooter.
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Soldiers with the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Division, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Battalion 27th Infantry Regiment based in Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, hold a ceremony commemorating the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks and soldiers the unit has lost.
(AP Photo/David Goldman)
"America's Choices - and Their Costs"
Op-Ed, The Boston Globe
September 10, 2011
Author: Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
AMERICAS LAST 10 years might be called The Decade the Locusts Ate. A nation that started with a credible claim to lead a second American century lost its way after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Whether the nation will continue on a path of decline, or, alternatively, find our way to recovery and renewal, is uncertain.
The nation began the decade with a growing fiscal surplus and ended with a deficit so uncontrolled that its AAA credit rating was downgraded for the first time in its history. Ten years on, Americans confidence in our country and the promise of the American Dream is lower than at any point in memory. The indispensable superpower that entered the decade as the most respected nation in the world has seen its standing plummet. Seven out of every 10 Americans say that the United States is worse off today than it was a decade ago. While many of the factors that contributed to these developments were evident before 9/11, this unprecedented reversal pivots on that tragic day - and the choices made in response to it. Those choices had costs: the inescapable costs of the attack, the chosen costs, and the opportunity costs.
Inescapable costs of 9/11 must be counted first in the 3,000 innocent lives extinguished that morning. In addition, the collapse of the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon destroyed $30 billion of property. The Dow plunged, erasing $1.2 trillion in value. Psychologically, the assault punctured the security bubble in which most Americans imagined they lived securely. Today, 80 percent of Americans expect another major terrorist attack on the homeland in the next decade.
Were this the sum of the matter, 9/11 would stand as a day of infamy, but not as an historic turning point. Huge as these directs costs are, they pale in comparison to costs of choices the United States made in response to 9/11: about how to defend America; where to fight Al Qaeda; whether to attack Iraq (or Iran or North Korea) on grounds that they had chemical or biological weapons that could be transferred to Al Qaeda; and whether to pay for these choices by taxing the current generation, or borrowing from China and other lenders, leaving the bills to the next generation.
Unquestionably, much of what was done to protect citizens at home and to fight Al Qaeda abroad has made America safer. It is no accident that the United States has not suffered further megaterrorist attacks. The remarkable intelligence and Special Forces capabilities demonstrated in the operation that killed Osama bin Laden suggest how far we have come.
But the central storyline of the decade focuses on two choices made byPresident George W. Bush - his decision to go to war with Iraq and his commitment to cut taxes, especially for wealthy Americans, and thus not to pay for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The cost of his decision to go to war with Iraq is measured in 4,478 American deaths, 40,000 Americans gravely wounded, and a monetary cost of $2 trillion.
Bush justified his decision to attack Iraq on the grounds that Saddam Hussein might arm terrorists with weapons of mass destruction, arguing that 19 hijackers armed by Saddam Hussein could bring a day of horror like none we have ever known. In retrospect, even Bush supporters agree that we went to war on false premises - since we now know that Saddam had no chemical or biological weapons.
Suppose, however, that chemical weapons had been found in Iraq. Would that have made Bushs choice a wise decision? What about the many other states that had chemical or biological weapons that could have been transferred to Al Qaeda, for example Libya, or Syria, or Iran? What about the state that unquestionably had an advanced nuclear weapons program, North Korea, which took advantage of the US preoccupation with Iraq to develop an arsenal of nuclear weapons and conduct its first nuclear weapons test?
As for cutting taxes for the wealthy, Bushs decision left the nation with a widening gap between government revenues and its expenditures. Brute facts are hard to ignore: having entered office with a budgetary surplus that the CBO projected would total $3.5 trillion through 2008, Bush left office with an annual deficit of over $1 trillion that the CBO projected would grow to $3 trillion over the next decade.
Finally, and most difficult to assess, are opportunity costs, what could be Robert Frosts road not taken. In the immediate aftermath of 9/11, the United States was the object of overwhelming international sympathy and solidarity. The leading French newspaper declared: We are all Americans. Citizens united behind their commander in chief, giving him license to do virtually anything he could plausibly argue would defend us against future attacks.
This rare combination of readiness to sacrifice at home plus solidarity abroad sparked imagination. Would Americans have willingly paid a terrorist tax on gas that could kick what Bush rightly called Americas oil addiction? Could an international campaign against nuclear terrorism or megaterrorism have bent trend lines that leave Americans and the world increasingly vulnerable to future biological or nuclear terrorist attacks? What impact could $2 trillion invested in new technologies have had on American competitiveness?
That such a decade leaves Americans increasingly pessimistic about ourselves and our future is not surprising. American history, however, is a story of recurring, impending catastrophes from which there is no apparent escape - followed by miraculous recoveries. At one of our darkest hours in 1776 when defeat at the hands of the British occupying Boston seemed almost certain, the general commanding American forces, George Washington, observed: Perseverance and spirit have done wonders in all ages.
Graham Allison is director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Universitys Kennedy School of Government.
For more information about this publication please contact the Belfer Center Communications Office at 617-495-9858.
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by Anton Shilov
A little less than exactly four years after Ebay acquired Skype Technologies, it announced intention to get rid of the voice-over-Internet-protocol (VoIP) company. Financial performance of Skype not only allowed Ebay to return of its initial investment, but the operator, which is probably among the largest in the world, has never managed to become an integral part of Ebay.
"We've acted decisively on a deal that delivers a high valuation, gives us significant cash up-front and lets us retain a meaningful minority stake with talented partners. Skype is a strong standalone business, but it does not have synergies with our e-commerce and online payments businesses. As a separate company, we believe that Skype will have the focus required to compete effectively in online voice and video communications and accelerate its growth momentum," admitted John Donahoe, president and chief executive officer of Ebay.
Ebay has signed a definitive agreement to sell its Skype communications unit in a deal valuing the business at $2.75 billion. The buyer, who will control an approximately 65% stake, is an investor group led by Silver Lake and includes Index Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz and the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Investment Board. Ebay is expected to receive approximately $1.9 billion in cash upon the completion of the sale and a note from the buyer in the principal amount of $125 million.The company will retain an approximately 35% equity investment in Skype. The transaction, which is not subject to a financing condition, is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Skype originally paid about $3.1 billion for Skype back in 2005 – 2006. However, the transaction is considered to be one of the biggest fiasco in the tech world. Skype has never become an actual part of Ebay and its revenues were not as high as expected initially. Potentially, Skype may become much more successful as a standalone company.
In 2008, Skype generated revenues of $551 million, a 44% increase compared to 2007. Total Ebay revenues for 2008 were $8.5 billion. Registered Skype users reached 405 million by the end of 2008, a 47% increase from 2007.
"Skype is an innovative, next-generation company that has changed how people and businesses communicate with each other. This transaction benefits all parties involved and will allow Skype the opportunity to accelerate the growth of its business by harnessing the deep technological and company development expertise that resides within the investor group," said Egon Durban, managing director at Silver Lake.
In April 2009, Ebay announced plans to separate Skype from the company, beginning with an IPO in 2010. As it prepared for an IPO, the company said it would naturally consider bids for Skype that offered an attractive valuation. The head of Ebay said the deal offered by the investor group achieved that.


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"I've been listening to the Catholic Answers Live podcast for about a year now. Today I heard Patrick Coffin say you were reaching all nations, and I felt I had to confirm it! I love your show and I learn every day. Thank you very much!"
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"Behold, for a thousand years the pictures of your forefathers holding rosaries in their hands have stood in this church."
~ Cardinal Klesl, to the citizens of Sankt Polten (Lower Austria) during the Reformation, explaining the historic and ancient nature of Catholic praxis.


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10 U.S. Code § 12007 - Reserve officers of the Army: distribution
§ 12007.
Reserve officers of the Army: distributionThe Secretary of the Army shall distribute the number of reserve commissioned officers, other than commissioned warrant officers, authorized in each commissioned grade between those assigned to reserve units organized to serve as units and those not assigned to such units. The Secretary shall distribute the number who are assigned to reserve units organized to serve as units among the units of each reserve component by prescribing appropriate tables of organization and tables of distribution. The Secretary shall distribute the number who are not assigned to such units between—
(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2986.)
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 3220 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, § 1662(a)(3).
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Once the focus of a television nighttime soap opera, Dallas is the eighth largest city in the United States. Today Dallas is home to major business, sports and entertainment venues, making it a wonderful place to visit for business or pleasure.If you are looking for hotels in Dallas, Extended Stay America has several great places to stay, each offering comfortable accommodations and low rates.
Only two other U.S. cities are home to more Fortune 500 companies than Dallas, making it a diverse and vibrant business community. The city's three largest employers are JC Penny, Electronic Data Systems and Texas Instruments. JC Penny has a large corporate campus in Plano, as does high technology infrastructure provider Electronic Data Systems. Another technology giant, Texas Instruments, has its headquarters in the heart of Dallas with several other facilities scattered around the city.
History buffs flock to the Sixth Floor Museum, where visitors can learn about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and view some of the items relating to that day. Also downtown is the Dallas World Aquarium. Located in the historic West End District, visitors to the Dallas World Aquarium begin their tour walking through a rainforest as they descend to the aquatic exhibits. Just south of downtown is the Dallas Zoo. This 97-acre attraction features over 8,000 animals, making it well worth visiting.
Dallas offers thrill-seekers a variety of opportunities. The Zero Gravity Thrill Rides Amusement Park uses bungees and nets to give participants the ultimate thrill ride. For a more traditional style thrill, head west to Arlington. Here you can enjoy the roller coasters at Six Flags over Texas or try water-powered excitement at the Six Flags Hurricane Harbor water park.
Sports fans have a lot to cheer about in Dallas. They can head to the American Airlines Center and take in great Mavericks basketball or watch the Dallas Stars play Hockey, just not on the same night. Texas is football country, and a trip to see the five-time Super Bowl Champion Dallas Cowboys play in Cowboy Stadium is something you will long remember. Of course, Major League Baseball fans have something to cheer about in Texas; the Texas Rangers play their home games at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington.
When you come to Dallas, come hungry. Dallas is famous for three great types of food, like barbecue, authentic Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine. With names like Red, Hot and Blue and Sammy's Bar-B-Q, it isn't hard to find melt-in-your-mouth barbecued ribs, pulled pork or any Texas barbecue specialty. For something a bit more upscale, Dallas is also home to Bob's Steak & Chop House, consistently ranked in the top five steakhouses nationally.
Dallas offers visitors and locals exciting nightlife. Fans of Country music will find Gilley's Dallas a must see attraction. Just be sure you arrive in time for the free dance lessons. To say that the Dallas nightlife is diverse would be a major understatement. Whether you go for techno at the Lizard Lounge or some hip-hop at Cirque, there is always plenty to do after the sun goes down.
As any real shopper knows, Neiman Marcus, one of the most famous department stores of all time, was founded in Dallas. The downtown Neiman Marcus is the flagship store and a popular destination for shopping and people watching. However, you don't have to go downtown for great Dallas shopping. The Galleria in North Dallas, the North Park Mall uptown and Grapevile Mills are all great places to exercise your shopping talents.
Golfers will love their time in Dallas and have plenty of municipal and public courses from which to choose. If you are looking for a municipal course with a bit of a challenge, visit Tenison Highlands in East Dallas. Whichever course you pick, you're sure to have a memorable experience on the green.
If you are searching for hotels near Dallas, Extended Stay America has you covered. Each of our locations offers guests comfort, convenience, and exceptional value.


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4.8 inch USB Cable Keychain for 30-Pin Apple Devices - Blue
4.8 inch USB Cable Keychain for 30-Pin Apple Devices - BlueThe USB cable keychain for the iPhone is great for traveling and for people on the go. This is a very convenient accessory because of its compact size and allows you to charge and sync your iPhone, iPod and iPad. Designed with a hole to easily attach to your keyring. The connectors flip out from the body and flip back in for a quick and easy clean up. Features
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- Size: 48.5 x 31 x 8mm
- Color: Blue
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