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Preservationists in Waterloo are hoping to save the 84-year-old Wonder Bread bakery building that closed last month.
The Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier reports the Waterloo Historic Preservation Commission voted unanimously last week to support the preservation of the historic character and facade of the downtown building.
Commission member Ed Ottesen sought the resolution after a city official expressed interest in acquiring the building. Some have suggested turning it into a parking garage or demolishing the structure.
The building has been closed since Texas-based Hostess Brands Inc. moved ahead in November with plans to sell off its assets in bankruptcy court.

subset: commoncrawl


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[quote="Just forget about Lebron, he'll be extended before we even get a chance. He's from the Cle and loves it there. Theyre doing everything they can to keep him, and he appreciates it.
Forget about Big Z. He's a good Center but he's not Knick caliber.
Pierce is Knick caliber, but unfortunately, I doubt he's available. My bad for thinkin he was, I was gettina hardon thinkin Zeke could deal for him, but it won't happen.
Miles would be a nice pickup, but he can't shoot and WE NEED SHOOTING BADLY. ALONG WITH DEFENSE. Why you think Zeke was interested in Wally World? B/c Houston is crippled and we have no accurate 3-point shooters on this team.
If I was Zeke, I would kidnap Pierce and get a Knicks uniform on him as fast as possible. I'd give up anyone but Ariza to get him.
The truth is, we need to get a guy in NY, a guy we can just inject into this lineup, into this f****n city, to change everything. We need the ghost of Spree back. We need that nastiness back. We need Camby's clone. We need a coach who leads us into battle in the playoffs. We need smart players, we need troublemakers on the court, not off of it. Artest is too much a gamble anyway, but he wont be available. Miles is too much a gamble and HE CANT SHOOT. I really think Pierce is the way to go, but it's really sad caz he's not gonna be available and I can't think of anyone else that could get this city back up on its feet. I guess I'll just watch the 99 vid and keep the memory alive.
I have a sneaky suspicion that Lebron is staying in Cleveland as well. I would still make a run at him. I DON'T think he will restructure his contract. I think he will let the market dictate what he is worth and demand that, or very close to the number, from Cleveland. Also, getting another shooter is dependent on which player(s) we trade. If we need to use Crawford to secure a deal, than I would think we would need a shooter, but if we keep Crawford, that we don't need one. That is Crawford's game, even though he does, at times, drive to the rim, he is a jump shooter. Bringing in another jump shooter even though he is more accurate, will just turn the Knicks into a jump shooting team and that isn't the way to go. It's nice to have a weapon that is an accurate jump shooter, but not the prominent theme to the team... Boston has said publicly that they would "entertain" offers on anyone including Paul Pierce. Now, would they trade him within the same division, that's a different story but I think he is obtainable. The only reason I would want Zydrunas Ilgauskas is that he is BIG and he can be a presence in the middle, when healthy. Now I have seen 2 sides to Z and if we could somehow coax a season that resembles what he had his first year, it would be totally worth it. In fact, I don't even care if he puts up huge offensive numbers, I feel any BIG man we bring in is solely for defensive purposes and any offensive numbers we get is a plus. I would make a run at Pierce if I was Isiah. I would see who Boston would want; anyone on the team is game, and try to get Boston to play ball. I've also read that Boston is trying to get Brand from the Clippers and the Clippers are notorious for not wanting big contracts and wanting cheap players so maybe their could be some sort of a three way where Boston gets Elton, we get pierce and LA gets expiring contracts and a low salary talent like Ariza, sweets or a mid level guy like Crawford. Again, I am not a numbers guy but I believe that Elton, Pierces and TT's contracts are similar, within a few million, so maybe TT and throwing in sweets to replace brand in LA could be the three way deal that brings Pierce to NY. If we could still get Kwame on top of that, than I say we have a decent team to start the new season off with. There's always a chance at a trade deadline move to add another piece as well. I've stated it before and I will say it again, I still like Miles and think he is worth the risk, as much as a risk we would take on Kwame; I think it is the same situation. They are both very young, very athletic and are in desperate need of a change of address. To address the additional PG position, what about Sam Cassell? He could be the perfect backup PG and can spot in at the 2 if we need to go small.
c- Zydrunas Ilgauskas/Kwame Brown
f- Kwame Brown/Taylor/JD
f- Darius miles/Paul Pierce/JD/PH
g- Paul Pierce/Darius miles/Wright/Houston/PH
g- Marbury/Cassell/PH
I think I would sign for that right now!!
Is Kyle Korver a free agent or did he resign with the 76s? If not, he could be that junp shooter off the bench and can spot at the 2 as well as the 3. I also think he is a between a LL and ML guy.


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"I have been listening to you on EWTN for about a year now. I left the Catholic Church 42 years ago. After many struggles during this last year, I finally went to confession on Sunday. I cannot begin to explain how excited I am to be home. Thank you so much for helping me on my journey home."
"Ah, sister, thou hast got the start of us, but we will follow thee as quickly as we may."


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Brooklyn man arrested for burglary at the Crossroad Estates bungalow colony
July 20, 2011 —
Sullivan County Deputy Sheriff, Kevin Rogers was flagged down by a passerby, Tuesday, July 19 and told the deputy of a burglary happening at the Crossroad Estates bungalow colony located at 338 Anawana Lake Road in the Town of Thompson.
Shulem Klein, 46, of Skillman Street in Brooklyn, NY was confronted by the deputy. He was loading furniture into a van from two unoccupied bungalows at the colony.
The suspect did not have an explanation for his actions when he was arrested. He was charged with burglary in the 3rd degree, a Felony, and Petit Larceny.
Klein was arraigned before Thompson Town Judge Martin Miller and sent to the Sullivan County Jail in lieu of $7,500 bail.


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Dragon Age: Dawn of the Seeker
Clip 2
Clip | TV-MA
In a land where battles are fought with swords and magic, a young heroine rises to glory as Templars, mages, and dragons clash. Cassandra, a brash and beautiful warrior, must stop a conspiracy that threatens the realm's most powerful religious order. Accused of treasonous crimes and hunted by friend and foe, Cassandra must clear her name and overcome her rage in order to save the day and take her place in legend.
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/dragon-age-dawn-of-the-seekerHide Details


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Choose the period
Today, my 14-year-old daughter came home after sneaking out and partying. She was totally drunk, and started crying on my shoulder because some boy named "Thomas" has a small dick, and she had to fake an orgasm. FML
by valnaj1 / 12/24/2012 at 10:03pm / Denmark (Syddanmark) / Intimacy
Today, my mother-in-law, who apparently made a copy of our house key without permission, walked in on my husband and me doing the deed. She went crazy, yelling at me for "defiling" her son. Last week, she yelled at me for not having given her grand-children yet. FML
by daughterinlaw / 12/18/2012 at 12:09pm / United States (Maryland) / Intimacy
Today, my girlfriend donated most of my book collection because she got me a Kindle for Christmas. Some were signed, including my Harry Potters. FML
by Anonymous / 12/27/2012 at 11:31pm / United States / Love
Today, my boyfriend ended sex by yelling, "THIS IS SPARTA!" and using his foot to push me off the bed. FML
by Saradee / 12/23/2012 at 11:55pm / United States (California) / Intimacy
Today, while sharing a few beers on the couch with my boyfriend, he drunkenly uttered the fateful words, "Babe, if I could suck my own dick, you'd be single as HELL." FML
by well, i am now / 12/27/2012 at 7:24pm / United States / Intimacy
Today, while at the store with my mom and baby brother, a guy started to talk to me. Just as he went to give me his number, my mom handed me my brother and said, "Here's your son, your AA meeting's in an hour, let's go." FML
by Anonymous / 12/26/2012 at 1:30pm / United States (California) / Miscellaneous
Today, I woke up to find pieces of a dead spider stuck in my braces. FML
by gaggin / 12/26/2012 at 2:30pm / United States (California) / Miscellaneous
Today, I asked my girlfriend to marry me. She pretended not to hear me. FML
by anonymous / 12/22/2012 at 7:50am / Australia (New South Wales) / Love
Today, because my boyfriend drives a 2-seated sports car, I had to awkwardly sit on his brother's lap as we drove to the store. I soon felt a poking sensation through his pants, just a few minutes before we hit a bumpy road. FML
by orgasmicriding / 12/22/2012 at 5:55pm / United States (Oklahoma) / Transportation
Today, my boyfriend and I were getting intimate. I was getting pretty horny, and I thought some dirty talk would turn him on. Amid my panting, I breathed the words, "Fuck me." He then stopped and said, "Excuse me, I don't like hearing that language." and wouldn't continue until I corrected myself. FML
by Anonymous / 12/24/2012 at 8:32am / Canada (Ontario) / Intimacy
Today, as her parents were supposed to be out of town, I stayed over with my girlfriend, and we ended up in bed together. Later on, while poking through the fridge, I heard footsteps, so I said, "Didn't think you'd be walking after that." I closed the fridge and saw her dad. FML
by Anonymous / 12/24/2012 at 1:02pm / United Kingdom (Cambridgeshire) / Intimacy
Today, as every day for the past few weeks, my husband won't have sex. His reason? We've decided to have a baby, and he reckons that the longer he waits, the more competition there will be between his sperm and thus the better the result will be. FML
by Bouh / 12/26/2012 at 11:04pm / Love
Today, I got a phone call from my boyfriend breaking things off with me. He waited until the day after Christmas because he wanted all his presents. And he got me nothing. FML
by Jolene / 12/26/2012 at 9:32am / United States (Massachusetts) / Love


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Dot Print Cardigan
Style: 570058839
Out of Stock
Pleated ribbon dresses the placket of this chic, black and white cardigan. Dotted from the waist up, it gives the illusion of a cropped silhouette when paired with black skirts and pants. 78% Rayon, 22% Nylon. Hand wash or dry clean. Imported.
- Stretch fit.
- Jewel neck. Eight snaps close the placket.
- Hits at mid hip (21.25" from shoulder).
Read more… Read less…


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Special to the Countywide
KARNES CITY – For four years, a bubbly, blonde-haired, brown-eyed girl has roamed the halls of Karnes City High School with a certain sparkle to her. At times that sparkle came from her many crowns, shiny medals, or cheerleader glitter, but in reality she never needed any of those to help her shine – her heart, smile, and actions do that on their own.
The name "Lauren Kelley" is not only a staple at KCHS, but is even viewed as a standard other students hope to reach someday. This 17-year-old graduate has been involved in multiple organizations and teams, has served as a leader in most of them, and has been the recipient of many awards and honors, and she still finds time to assist others and keep a smile on her face while doing so.
"Lauren is driven, focused, dedicated…She truly stands out as one of the most 'together' students I've taught because she can juggle so many activities and do them all well," Lauren's former Journalism coach Julie Nichols said. "She doesn't seem to get easily stressed out. She possesses wisdom beyond her years. When she sets her mind to a goal, she gives it her all. She is hard-working, talented in various activities – Academics, Athletics, Cheerleading, UIL Journalism, yearbook, musically-inclined – analytical and creative."
This year alone, Kelley has achieved numerous successes. She was crowned homecoming and prom queen, was first runner-up for Miss Karnes City, achieved Academic All-State volleyball, medaled as district and regional champ in feature and editorial writing, respectively, received a prestigious FCA scholarship, and earned the title as valedictorian of the senior class. She thought these titles and honors would sum up her senior year – until she won second place at State editorial writing.
"Lauren called me and said, 'Mom, guess what? I got second!'" Lauren's mother Carol Kelley said. "Her voice was shaky and she was so excited. I see how hard Lauren has worked over the years – reading, preparing for competitions, communicating with peers and adults, caring for others…and I feel so happy for her because I see how hard she has worked to get to where she is."
Kelley has competed in journalism all four years of high school. She has medaled high at various meets during her high school career. This year was her first time to advance to state competition, and she definitely did not let that opportunity go to waste.
"Lauren competed in UIL journalism events for me since her freshman year and contributed to the success of the J-team," Nichols said. "Even though she wanted to advance to state so badly in spring 2013 – and was disappointed at regional when she got the news that she had not placed – she never gave up, and it paid off immensely her senior year with her earning that silver medal. As a teacher or coach, we want to see students' hard work bear out through achievement; I wish I could have been there to celebrate with her."
As the oldest of four sisters, Kelley's triumphs and actions in and out of school set an example for her younger siblings.
"Lauren has been a role model by always giving whatever she's doing 100 percent of her effort," younger sister, rising freshman Kendall Kelley, said. "She won't do anything halfway. She inspires me to always do better, and her success is something I want to live up to. I definitely think she has had an influence on who I am today."
While Lauren's dedication and success in her extra-curricular activities defines who she is, her heart, personality, and kindness to others is what make her stand out.
"Lauren will put others in front of herself, and she is very accepting," Lauren's sister, senior Morgan Kelley, said. "She cares about everybody regardless of where they came from or who they are. She has set a good path for me and my sisters to follow. She has definitely proven to me that being nice to everyone pays off."
With such a packed schedule and so many people to please within school, it can be hard to put as much energy into familial relationships and responsibilities at home. However, this is not the case for Lauren.
"The thing I like most about Lauren is that even though she is so busy, she still finds time to hang out with me and my sisters," Lauren's youngest sister, seventh-grader Brittany Kelley, said. "I know I can always come and talk to Lauren about anything, and she will always be there for me."
Outside her home, Lauren serves as a role model for her peers and underclassmen. Her willingness to offer her assistance and guidance to those who seek it has helped her influence the lives of many students.
"Being a freshman, I did not know much about high school and Lauren was always there for me," sophomore Kyler Palmer said. "She stuck me under her wing and taught me how to survive high school. I have made so many memories with her this year and she has truly made a huge impact on my freshman year. I'm going to miss her so much. I hope she doesn't let a diploma and freedom from KCHS keep her from here. I am going to be here for three more years, and I'll need her to help me get through them."
Even those who have grown up with Lauren voice their awe for all she does.
"The things I admire about Lauren could go on a list that probably goes on for a mile," fellow graduate and yearbook editor Krupa Bhakta said. "She cares so much about all that she does, and the dedication she puts into everything is amazing. I not only admire her, but am also thankful for everything she has done for the school, and for me. I would not have been able to go through senior year of yearbook without her help."
Dedication to helping and forming strong relationships with others is something Kelley hopes to embrace in her future career. Next fall, she will attend the University of Texas at Austin to pursue her chosen major of speech pathology. Born and raised by two A&M alumni, Kelley's chosen university came as a shock to the Aggie household.
"My initial reaction was hurt, but after knowing what field of study she wanted to pursue, and after a visit to the university, I felt better," Lauren's father Danny Kelley said. "I just want Lauren to get a good education and seeing her excitement calms my fears. She is a good candidate for the speech pathology program, which assists children with speech disorders, because she has a special bond with kids and is very patient."
Graduation is only the beginning for Kelley. Her contributions to the community and church and her triumphs within school signal that she will continue to succeed and shine in her future endeavors.
"I'm quite sure Lauren will exceed all of her goals," Nichols said. "I see a young woman with focus and dedication to making a difference in the world. I think her goal to pursue a master's of speech pathology at the University of Texas at Austin is admirable, and I know she will keep impacting lives. She certainly has made a huge difference in our little corner of the world."


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Browse by Title
|Title: : 1 of 1
Abstraction, 1964
Takeshi KawashimaAmerican, 1930-
Oil on canvas
overall: 100-1/2 x 80 in. (255.27 x 203.2 cm)
Norton Simon Museum, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frederick R. Weisman
Not on view
When Takeshi Kawashima moved from Tokyo to New York in 1963, he was 33 years of age. He was among a number of Japanese artists who immigrated to America due, in part, to the lack of a market for contemporary art and supporting venues to exhibit it in their homeland. Kawashima's timing could not have been more auspicious, as new modes of picture-making—Color Field, Minimalism and Pop—won increased attention from critics and curators alike. His paintings from the 1960s demonstrate the meeting of his native artistic culture with that of his adopted country. In Kawashima's large abstractions, a geometric grid imposes order over the painted field. Boldly drawn pictographs, reminiscent of mon (Japanese coats of arms), inhabit the interior squares. Variations between these organic, stylized motifs are subtle enough to create a distinctively decorative effect, enhanced by the lack of both painterly activity on the surface and compositional focus.
This painting is the left side of a triptych from Kawashima's Red and Black Series. The center panel was included in MOMA's 1965–66 exhibit "The New Japanese Painting and Sculpture" and was acquired by that museum. The right panel is in a private collection in Toronto, Canada.
View Provenance
|Title: : 1 of 1


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Police seek car after burglaryApril 28,2013
SunplusPolice seeking car
after Danby theft
DANBY Police are seeking information about a vehicle believed to have been involved in a burglary on Old Otis Road in Danby last week.
Vermont State Police said a man was driving the car (shown above) and a woman was seen in the passenger seat of the two-door Chevrolet Cavalier with Vermont registration.
A jewelry box containing three rings and numerous necklaces and bracelets was stolen in the burglary Wednesday night, police said.
Anyone with information about the incident or the car is asked to call state police at 773-9101.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER — FairPoint Communications is being purchased by Illinois-based... Full Story
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In response to The Wall Street Journal article "Heart Gadgets Test Privacy-Law Limits"
This story shows the ethical and legal absurdity of private corporations' claims to own and control patient records. Greedy corporations are copying their business models from Google and Facebook: sell every piece of information about every individual to any willing buyer.
Despite patients' strong rights to obtain copies of their entire medical records, including data from devices that monitor health status, most hospitals and electronic health systems don't yet offer patients a way to download personal health information, which is required by HIPAA and HITECH.
EVEN MORE IMPORTANTLY patients also have very strong ethical, legal, and Constitutional rights to control the disclosure and use of personal health information.
Today's health IT systems and data exchanges were designed to prevent patient control over personal health information. Most health IT systems have abysmal data security (millions of health data breaches and thefts) and no means for patients to control who can see, use or sell their health data.
Government and Congress have poured $29 billion in stimulus funds into defective technology systems that violate the public's rights to privacy and control over health information in electronic systems.
Medtronic and hospitals are hiding behind illegal contracts that violate patients' rights to access and control sensitive personal health information.
We need clear new laws to ban the sale of personal health information without informed consent and RESTORE patient control over use, disclosure, and sale of health information.
-Deborah Peel


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Please Note: Baits and Jigheads not included.
Taking the bass fishing world by storm, the castable umbrella-rig has been responsible for several high profile tournament wins. A deadly way to target suspended Fall bass feeding on shad, the Sworming Hornet Swarm Castable Umbrella Rig has what it takes to take down up to five bass at once, and it can even be cast on a stouter, standard rod. Featuring a realistic painted head and five, durable wires with swivels extending behind it, you can affix your choice of swimbaits, grubs, spinnerbaits, jigs, etc. and create your own school or "swarm" of baitfish. Don't get stung by the competition, get your Sworming Hornet Swarm Castable Umbrella Rig today.
Professional bass angler, Paul Elias used an Umbrella rig to run away with the win at the October 2011 Lake Guntersville FLW Tour Open. The entire top 5 actually used Umbrella rig as well. Dan Morehead also used the Umbrella rig to win at the Kentucky Lake Everstart Championship, as did Scott Brummett at the Walmart BFL Wheeler Lake Regional.
**Don't forget to check your State's fish and game rules and regulations, a fully rigged umbrella rig is illegal in some States.
Don't forget to check out the Plano Alabama Rig Stowaway Box.
0 Colors
Customer Reviews
Comments: i have 3 of them and they are fine the only problems are the swivels break easily and it always twists around
Comments: Illegal in Minnesota, Tennessee, Iowa and maybe others (check our regs).
From: Rollie: Knoxville, TN
Comments: I have 2 of these. They work great caught 20 saltwater stripper on them. They hold up just as well as the real alabama rigs.
From: Stephen: Belmont, MS
Comments: I just received The Swarm from TW. I bought this one because I wanted one of the smaller ones. It is 6" and weighs 3/8 ounces. (I don't know if "size matters" in this case, but it is short).
The quality seems OK, but I don't know what the other brands are like. Most are longer I think, but to keep the weight down, the rig has to be slight I guess, which this one is. The Picasso School E and the Rago Bait Ball are each 8" long.
It has to be manageable using a heavy, freshwater spinning or low profile, baitcasting combo. You have to be able to reasonably cast it, along with up to 7/8 ounces of fish head spins or other jig heads, with plastics attached. The School E weighs 1/2 oz. and the Rago weighs 3/4 oz. Others might weigh close to the 3/8 ounces.
The previous reviewer complained that The Swarm has defects. He indicated that the loops at the end of the rods are not closed and that the cheap barrel swivel could fall off. I don't think it's advisable to permanently affix the snap anyway. If the swivel breaks or gets too loose, it has to be replaceable. (I'm more worried about losing the whole darn rig, spins and five baits.) I plan on switching to different snap swivels anyway
I plan on keeping it unless I read some poor reviews on it, or better reviews on others, in a week or so.
From: Ed: Astoria, NY & Tennanah Lake Roscoe, NY
Comments: This rig works but it has problems. One problem is the absence of a twist at the end of the wires where the clip goes. The wire is just rounded and not twisted. You will eventually lose fish and jigheads due to this because the barrel swivel can slide out of the loop. The other problem is the cheap split rings/barrel swivels. They are lightweight and they break, frequently. These problems would be understandable if this rig was $10. It isn't though, it's one of the more expensive models and these cut corners are inexcusable. This rig CANNOT hold up to quality bass and the inevitable striper catches.
From: Michael: Nashville, TN


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By now you've at least heard about Roger Ebert's article on the Chicago Sun Times' website, Video Games Can Never Be Art. If you haven't read it yet, click that link and give it a skim, because Adam uses is as the topic for this week's Soapbox. We've all been involved in this debate before, but this time Adam doesn't necessarily disagree with Ebert. At least not completely. We all know that games require a lot of artistry in order to develop them, but is a game, in itself, art?
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Group in Minn. House DFL key to gay marriage fate
Gay marriage supporters in Minnesota may have national momentum on their side, but they also have a math problem in the Minnesota House.
So far, no House Republicans have pledged support for a bill that could come up for a vote later this spring. If House Democrats have to pass the bill alone, only five of their 73 members could defect.
But 17 House Democrats represent districts where most voters supported last fall's gay marriage ban. Many won't say how they'll vote, and say they might have to weigh their own personal view against the will of constituents.
Backers acknowledge they're still a handful of votes short in the House. They say House Democrats should consider not just their district, but what they think is right.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Follow us
After the Clark's first hot spot is tapped out, Zeke and Emily head out to find a new honey hole.
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Honey Hole Hunt
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Zeke and Emily Story
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: The Clark
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Out of Everything
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Desperate Emily
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Zeke Drops A Bombshell
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Emily On The Beach
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Bering Sea Dredge Boats
UP NEXTDeadliest Catch: Leaving Home
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Clean Out 8
UP NEXTBearing Sea Gold: No Stopping
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Dredger Funnies
UP NEXTBering Sea Gold: Scott's New Gig
Ragin Cajuns: Catching Lock Jaw
The crew of the Lady Cindy are hitting the shrimping jackpot and don't have plans to tell anyone where they are.
Material Marvels: The Science of the Space Shuttle
Space shutte reentry can generate an incredible amount of heat. Tune in as Dr. Ainissa G. Ramirez, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, explains the science behind space shuttle materials. www.seas.yale.edu
Gold Rush: Wash Plant Death
Off his game with bad cold, Dustin Hurt accidentally drops a huge boulder on the wash plant that knocks it out of action.
Gold Rush: Keeping Up With The Schnabels
What's the hardest part about filming at the Big Nugget Mine? Keeping up with three generations of Schnabels at once.
Ragin Cajuns: Shrimp Jackpot
After an unfortunate shrimping trip in Alabama, Captain Kip of the "Louisiana Experience" comes up big back in the bayou.
Gold Rush: Old Gold Dredge
The Hoffman crew checks out the old gold mining dredge that once worked the Quartz Creek claim.
Material Marvels: Graphene
Imagine if you could power light bulbs with pencils. In this clip, Dr. Ainissa G. Ramirez, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, describes graphene, and how it may revolutionize civilization. www.seas.yale.edu
Material Marvels: Shape-memory Alloys
Shape-memory alloys are used in everything from space exploration to dentistry -- but how could metal have a memory? Tune in as Dr. Ainissa G. Ramirez, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, explains. www.seas.yale.edu
Gold Rush: First Klondike Nugget
The Hoffman crew finds a nice nugget in leftover pay dirt, but the discovery leads Todd to think about opening up a third cut with little time left.
Material Marvels: Quasicrystals
Metals are generally great conductors of electricity -- except for quasicrystals. Join Dr. Ainissa G. Ramirez, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, as she explains the weird world of quasiscrystals. www.seas.yale.edu
Gold Rush: Feds Hit Big Nugget
A Federal mining inspector pays a surprise visit to the Big Nugget Mine and the Schnabels are soon forced to submit to a higher authority.
Material Marvels: Solar Materials
Every hour the sun produces enough energy to power the Earth for a year. Dr. Ainissa G. Ramirez, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, shows how photovoltaic materials can harvest the sun's energy. www.seas.yale.edu
Bering Sea Gold: Dredger Funnies
Have some fun with a few of our favorite Bering Sea Gold outtakes.
Bering Sea Gold: Don't Call Me A Thief
Scott Meisterheim gives After The Dredge host Thom Beers his thoughts on the fight with Wild Ranger owner Vern Adkinson.
Bering Sea Gold: What Is Gold?
After The Dredge host Thom Beers brings in UC Santa Barbara scientist Doug Fischer to help explain exactly what gold is and where it originates.
Bering Sea Gold: Zeke Drops A Bombshell
Seemingly out of nowhere, Zeke accuses the Sluicey crew of making back-handed deals.
Bering Sea Gold: Cosmic Gold Origins
Our gold science expert Doug Fischer shares more about where gold came from billions of years ago.
Bering Sea Gold: Ice and Wolf Eels
The crew talk about the challenges of ice dredging and all agree that the wolf eel is the weirdest underwater creature.
Bering Sea Gold: Zeke and Emily Story
Zeke and Emily talk about their long relationship on and off The Clark.
Bering Sea Gold: Meet John Mehelic
Find out more about John Mehelic, the mystery man who has been our guide to Nome's golden history.
Bering Sea Gold: Crabby But Happy
The Pomrenkes and crewman Cody Moen talk about working hard and trying to get along.
Bering Sea Gold: Wild Ranger Boils Over
The Wild Ranger crew's tense reunion boils over as Vern and Scott let their deep-seated anger get the better of them.
Bering Sea Gold: Wild Ranger Reckoning
The Wild Ranger crew's reunion comes to blows as Steve Riedel pushes Scott Meisterheim's buttons and owner Vern Adkinson hurls accusations at his former captain.
Bering Sea Gold: Bidding On The Future
The Pomrenkes bring everything to the table in the Nome Gold Auction to obtain the mining lease that will secure their future.


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There is a mounting excitement for the upcoming OpenBSD 3.6 release, as it is the first release that supports multiprocessor systems. To celebrate the event, Federico Biancuzzi interviewed several core developers by email to discuss new features, tools, and future plans.
FB: This is the first OpenBSD release that includes SMP support. Who worked on it?
Niklas Hallqvist: First off, I must tell you that OpenBSD MP support stems from the NetBSD work mainly done by Bill Sommerfeld. Of course, lots of other developers in their camp have added to it; these days I think Frank van der Linden is maintaining the i386 parts. However, stuff like this is impossible to just move over verbatim, and I have spent weeks of work making it fit into our tree. It deserves to be mentioned I got funded by GeNUA for big parts of this work; we thank them for that very kind support.
A handful of other OpenBSD people have done their share as well. Artur Grabowski did the amd64 work; Dale Rahn, Ted Unangst, Hakan Olsson, Andreas Gunnarsson have provided debugging as well as coding help. I am sure a few more, but I don't remember offhand. Lots have helped test, too many to mention. [Dozens] of people donated equipment to make this happen.
FB: What techniques have you chosen?
Niklas Hallqvist: Biglock. That means that while a process is executing inside the kernel, no other process gets access to it; instead they will spin until the first process leaves it. This is a bit crude, since some applications won't benefit at all from this kind of multiprocessing. However, most do, especially if things are set up with multiprocessing in mind.
The reason we have chosen biglock is that it is really simple, and simplicity is a prime objective if security is considered. Fine-grained locking is much harder to do completely right, and things like starvation and deadlocks are much more common. We are just too conservative to risk this.
FB: How does this compare with FreeBSD 4, FreeBSD 5, and DragonFlyBSD?
Niklas Hallqvist: Actually I don't know. I'd expect we'd do worse in anything that is interrupt-intensive. We probably do worse even for the common case where several runnable processes exist simultaneously as well. But ... we do not aim to compete at the edge here. We want to make scalability happen without disrupting our security and robustness track record. We just have other priorities. We will kick SMP out of the tree if it proves to not be trustworthy enough. As it was before we had SMP support, some people had to chose other OSes because we just did not run on big machines enough, so they felt they had to make a compromise on the security to get work done. Hopefully that is not the case anymore.
FB: At the moment the code works on i386 and amd64 platforms. Which platforms do you plan to support in the future?
Niklas Hallqvist: Loose plans, not any guarantees made: alpha, ppc, sparc(64), and maybe mvme88k :-) Maybe the new mips port? Who knows. This is work that probably must be done just because it is fun. There's hardly a large demand with funders around the corner. And today, unfortunately, there's not much time left for fun projects anymore. I was very lucky to get paid to do part of this fun work; otherwise it might not have happened.
FB: The 3.6 kernel includes new timecounter code. Why? Maybe for SMP compatibility?
Artur Grabowski: It's not enabled on any architecture yet, so it's just work in progress. It's definitely not relevant for 3.6. It's relatively important for SMP, since we figured out that it's very hard to access time structures in an MP-safe way. Instead of reinventing the wheel we just took a wheel that someone else has already implemented. It also lets us have precise timekeeping with a central infrastructure, without doing too much hairy work on each architecture. Now, most of the timekeeping code can be shared between architecture.
FB: How does it work? What type of advantages does it bring over the old code?
Artur Grabowski: Check this.
FB: Is there any special hook for OpenNTPD interaction?
Artur Grabowski: Not yet, but we've been talking about it. It won't be a special hook for OpenNTPD, but rather a bunch of hooks for any ntp implementation.
FB: You've introduced a new little tool, OpenNTPD. What is it?
Henning Brauer: Well, as the name says, it's a Network Time Protocol daemon.
FB: Why a new Network Time Protocol daemon?
Henning Brauer: There has been basically only one ntpd around--which has a slight problem with the license--that is huge, runs as root, and doesn't exactly have a promising security record. And it is complex and thus complicated to configure. As a result, the majority of machines out in the wild run without synchronized clocks.
So Theo mentioned that we perhaps should do our own; I liked the idea and sat down and did it. As a result, we have OpenNTPD, which is free, written with security in mind, and easy to use. It of course is privilege separated. (It is a very good example for privilege separation, even: just two message types, one needing privsep because the adjtime syscall requires root privileges, the other--name resolution--requiring access to /etc, thus outside the chroot.) OpenNTPD is really easy to configure, there are just three config file statements. The default config file is perfectly fine for the majority of uses, so for most people, getting synchronized clocks breaks down to enabling ntpd, no configuration needed.
FB: What is the new utility
Markus Friedl: It allows you to terminate any TCP
connection that connects to or originates from the local machine. You specify
the connection, and
tcpdrop tells the kernel to send out a TCP
reset segment and remove the local state associated with this connection.
FB: When would you use it?
Markus Friedl: While working on a fix for a denial of
service attack
involving out-of-order TCP packets, I've found that it's hard for an
administrator to terminate a misbehaving TCP connection. Usually you have to
kill the application, unless there is a way to tell it to close a given socket.
The attack mentioned before can even lead to situations where closing the
socket does not help (e.g., when the connection is in the
Without tcpdrop, you could use a packet-generating tool like libdnet and send out fake TCP resets. However, this is difficult since it requires that the administrator figure out the correct TCP sequence numbers.
FB: Reading some CVS logs, I found the initial
tcpdrop commit message saying "drop tcp connections using
sysctl(2)." I'm very curious; why
sysctl and how does
it work?
Markus Friedl: There are two system calls that can be used
to add functionality to the kernel (without adding yet another system call):
ioctl(2) and
sysctl(3). The latter was chosen because it
was very simple to implement the new feature. Basically,
allows you to modify a number of kernel variables. These variables are arranged
in a tree; the command
sysctl net.inet will show the subtree
related to the IP protocol. In order to implement the
tool, the new
sysctl variable
net.inet.tcp.drop was
tcpdrop writes a local address/port and foreign
address/port tuple to this variable. This causes the kernel to terminate the
matching connection.
FB: OpenSSH 3.9 includes support for session multiplexing. What is it?
Markus Friedl: It allows you to run multiple login shells, scp or sftp sessions over a single SSH connection. For example, you log in to a host and enter your password one time. Then [you] can do multiple scp and sftp sessions to the same host without authenticating again.
FB: Is there anything you can do with it that wasn't possible before?
Markus Friedl: You can use this feature to speed up cvs access over ssh. Usually you have to enter the ssh password for every cvs command. With this feature you start a ssh client, it connects to the cvs server, and you enter the password. Further invocations of ssh will not contact the server directly but pass the connection request to first ssh client process. This client in turn asks the sshd server to start an additional remote process. This way you don't have to reauthenticate. Moreover, it also speeds up the cvs commands because the computationally expensive authentication operations are skipped and the setup requires less round-trip times.
You can use session multiplexing by adding something like this to your .ssh/config:
Host cvs-server
Hostname cvs-server
ControlMaster yes
ControlPath ~/.ssh/cvs-mux
Host cvs-server-fast
ControlMaster no
ControlPath ~/.ssh/cvs-mux
Now, open a ssh connection with
ssh cvs-server and keep it
open. The command
% cvs -d cvs-server-fast:/cvs diff
will use the first connection and will be be faster than
% cvs -d cvs-server:/cvs diff
Damien Miller: Others have been interested in using multiplexing for distributed compilation (distcc and Nikolay Sturm's distributed ports builder). In the distcc case especially, the cost of setting up a new connection would often be greater than the time it takes to compile a single .c file, so the multiplexing support should be a real help.
FB: What is
Alexander Yurchenko:
hotplugd(8) is a userland
part of the device hot-plugging notification. The main part is in the kernel.
It doesn't do anything magic, just hooks into our
framework, which deals with device attachments and detachments. Every time a
device attaches or detaches, a corresponding event is queued in the hotplug
queue. This queue can be accessed from the userland through the
/dev/hotplug device file. This device file supports usual
notification mechanisms such as
poll(2) and
kqueue(2). So the
hotplugd(8) daemon waits for events to
be read from the /dev/hotplug file. Each event includes the
information if it's an attachment or detachment, what's the class and the name
of the device that appeared or disappeared. On every event,
hotplugd(8) runs shell scripts from the /etc/hotplug
directory, where you can describe what you want to do with your devices.
Note that hotplug can only work with [a physical bus] that already has
support for hot plugging in its drivers; i.e.,
cardbus(4), and
usb(4). SCSI or PCI hot plugging
requires some additional work on the drivers.
FB: What type of future uses do you see for it?
Alexander Yurchenko: I use
hotplugd(8) to
automatically download photos from my camera. You might use it to configure
cardbus wifi cards, upload firmware to it, run
ppp(3) on
ucom(4) when [plugging] your gprs-capable cell phone to usb, and so on.
hotplug is for lazy slackers ;-)
FB: There is a new driver called
for Inter IC (I2C) master/slave buses. I've already heard that acronym, but I'm
wondering, what is it exactly?
Alexander Yurchenko: I2C (I square C)--Inter Integrated Circuits--is a two-wire bus originally developed by Philips; [it is now the industry] standard now for connecting simple devices such as sensors, EEPROMs, tuners, and so on. It's cheap, simple, has hot-plugging ability by design. I2C is very common in the embedded world. On usual PCs, I2C is often used for connecting hardware-monitoring sensors to the CPU or for controlling video and radio receivers.
iic(4) kernel framework was written by Steve C. Woodford and
Jason R. Thorpe for NetBSD, and I've ported it to OpenBSD. It provides a uniform
programming interface layer between I2C master controllers and various I2C
slave devices.
FB: What type of devices use it?
Alexander Yurchenko: For now we support only one master controller and one slave thermal sensor, both found on the WRAP x86 board.
gpio(4) supports General Purpose
Input/Output controllers, while
gpioctl(8) can manipulate device
pins. Is this interface available on common hardware?
Alexander Yurchenko: GPIO, like I2C, also came from the embedded world. Though GPIO controllers are integrated now in many popular PC chipsets, they're not used. You could find GPIO pins on the single-board computers like Soekris or WRAP. ARM- or PPC-based system-on-chip devices also have integrated GPIO controllers.
gpio(4) framework allows you to manipulate pins either from
userland or from kernel. For example, you can connect a red LED to a GPIO pin
and switch it on if something's wrong with your system.
FB: This release ships with the driver for AIC79xx-based Ultra320 SCSI adapters. Is this the first Ultra320 SCSI driver?
Marco Peereboom: No, and to my knowledge there are currently only two U320 SCSI offerings. One from Adaptec and one from LSI. All other offerings that use U320 are based on either chip.
OpenBSD supported firstly the LSI-based 53c1020/1030 U320 chip with the
mpt(4) driver. This chip is used on a plethora of servers from
different vendors. With the introduction of the chip, we also started supporting
LSI megaraid-based RAID cards like the Dell PERC 4/DC and SC that use the
ami(4) driver.
Before we introduced the Adaptec
ahd(4) driver, we actually
supported Adaptec's U320 RAID cards. These were
aac(4) based and
therefore easy to add to the list.
The glaring thing that is missing on this list is LSI's IM/IS/IME extensions to the 53c1020/1030 chip. These are RAID 1 (Integrated Mirroring + Enhanced) and RAID 0 (Integrated Striping) that can be provided using the 53c1020/1030 chips that have the required peripheral hardware (EEPROM). I am actually working on adding support for this, but I am unsure when it'll be ready.
FB: Would you suggest to buy U320 hardware or U160 for an OpenBSD-3.6 server?
Marco Peereboom: Absolutely! Nothing beats compiling a kernel on a bunch of SCSI drives. SCSI is considered higher end than PATA/SATA, the difference being that PATA/SATA are pushing technology for density and speed. As with any technology that is pushing its limits, it is inherently less reliable. The technology that proves to be most reliable is then reused in SCSI drives. The PATA/SATA technology however uses a considerably simpler bus and has nowhere near the same amount of intelligence. SCSI is more reliable and faster because "all" complexities are offloaded to the physical devices. This is important because the OS therefore does not need to waste any time dealing with the underlying protocol. Currently PATA/SATA drives are creeping up into the SCSI domain by providing SCSI-like technologies such as tagged queuing. Problem is that these are vendor specific and not defined in a spec that is widely available. Because of this, most OSes are not using these devices to their full potential.
A common misconception between SCSI and PATA/SATA is that people will note that sometimes the latter seems faster. What really is happening is cache trickery. Since PATA/SATA is ended toward home users, vendors turn on all the caching that they have on those drives to wring out every bit of performance. The SCSI products, on the other hand, are ended toward enterprise customers who value data integrity over speed, so they disable all cache on these drives to prevent data loss/corruption. Both types have utilities or mode pages to change this behavior for specific needs; choose wisely.
U320 devices are over the hump; as with all new technologies it takes a while to remove the final kinks, and U320 gear is nowadays as stable as the slower U160 counterparts.
I personally only use SCSI on production boxes, the only exception being firewalls that basically have no I/O load at all.
FB: Which adapters in particular?
Marco Peereboom: I am a sucker for the LSI U320 gear. The reason for this that mpt (message-passing technology) basically is a generic transport mechanism that can be used for a wide variety of devices. With minimal changes an mpt-based driver can be adapted to add support for GigE, iSCSI, FC, and SCSI, our driver currently supports FC and SCSI. The mpt spec can and is being scaled beyond these devices. Besides this generic interface for a bunch of gear, mpt also offloads all the protocol specifics in hardware. This is really cool! The driver sends of an I/O, and a while later it gets an interrupt telling it if the I/O completed or failed, and based on that it will send it back to the SCSI midlayer. In other words, the driver has a very small footprint and is extremely simple and fast.
All this said, I want to thank LSI for all the hardware and documentation they donated to OpenBSD. I got a lot of good suggestions from their engineers on particulars of the chip.
I also want to thank Adaptec, who donated quite a few boards to OpenBSD. They did, however, not provide us with documentation and pointed us to the FreeBSD driver as their documentation. In all fairness, Justin Gibbs from Adaptec and FreeBSD did answer all questions promptly.
And I want to make sure that credit is given where due. I codeveloped these goodies with two brilliant guys, Kenneth R. Westerback and Milos Urbanek.
FB: This release supports a new platform. Since I don't own any LUNA-88k box, I'm wondering what type of things you can do with OpenBSD 3.6 on it (workstation, firewall, server, ...).
Kenji Aoyama: Well, at this moment, I am using my box just for "fun"; i.e., porting OpenBSD itself. But OpenBSD/LUNA-88k becomes relatively stable now, I would like to use it as a server in my home network.
FB: I've read that there are still some unsupported devices and features like SMP. Are you looking for any particular help from the community (hardware, money, resources, ...)?
Kenji Aoyama: It would be nice if I got an original working LUNA-88K box, not LUNA-88K2 that I already own. They have some difference in peripheral devices, so it makes better LUNA-88K support. In addition, if I have two boxes, I can develop on one box and build a snapshot on the other box at the same time. It takes three days to build a snapshot on LUNA-88K.
FB: OpenBSD is probably the BSD project with the best support for Apple's hardware. What type of contributions is Apple sharing with you?
Dale Rahn: Basically, none. I talked with Apple's open source representative at USENIX 2001 and USENIX 2002 but was unable to obtain anything useful. After USENIX 2002, the APSL was modified to make the code somewhat more free; however, OpenBSD developers still avoided using it as a source of information to avoid APSL contamination. It had not been a free license. Recently this has improved with APSL 2.0; it is now more GPL-like, which is slightly more but not completely free. Note that OpenBSD has removed GPL code where is was possible; there is no GPL code in the kernel, for instance.
FB: Have you obtained all the docs and specs you needed?
Dale Rahn: I have obtained no documentation to assist with the effort. Most of the development is based on NetBSD or Linux code. Most of the improvements have been the result of dedicated developers trying to make their macppc laptops run nicely. While greatly outnumbered by i386 laptops, a significant number of developers were using macppc laptops at the last hackathon.
FB: Is Darwin/OpenDarwin a good resource for code sharing?
Dale Rahn: Because the APSL has not been a free license, this resource is normally avoided. Sometimes it has been used as a reference when the Linux code was not clear.
FB: Has Apple showed any worry or interest about the OpenBSD porting to the PowerPC platform?
Dale Rahn: I have never been contacted by Apple. The fact that Apple ships OpenSSH with MacOS shows that they know that OpenBSD exists, but they appear to not have acknowledged that OpenBSD/macppc exists.
FB: ethereal was removed from the ports tree because "the ethereal team does not care about security, as new protocols get added, and nothing gets done about the many more holes that exist." I hope that this is not the beginning of a hunting season to remove software because it's [insecure. That] will end with a system that's secure because [it] can't do anything. I'm wrong, right?
Peter Valchev: You are in part correct.
People often forget the main purpose of the ports tree is to provide packages, especially on the CDs when a release is done, for convenience. When a piece of networking software running with root privileges continuously gets holed, and the developers do not address the root of the problem (the big hunk of code running as root), the other facts aside, means we ship a holed version in our releases. Then many people, not knowing better, will just add the package in question and get in trouble. Namely, that was the case in 3.5. This kind of software does not belong to the ports tree for mainly that reason ... especially when alternatives exist. And maybe someone who cares about this particular piece of software and relies on parts of it can use this as motivation and address the root problem. You are not wrong that OpenBSD will discourage the use of insecure software in the future, in the ports tree or not. It's why rlogin was removed from the source tree, for example. I know of a big institution that recommends rlogin over ssh to this day. I don't think that is the world OpenBSD enthusiasts want to live in.
FB: How does the port team interact with ported software developers? Do you submit any patch for OpenBSD portability or to improve the security of their projects?
Peter Valchev: The main job of a port maintainer is to interact with the upstream author/maintainer of the software. The goal is to submit all patches and solve portability or security/other problems, and usually the authors are very helpful and consensus is reached, with these changes making it into the new releases. Of course there are exceptions, as well as abandoned or "dead" projects, so the ports tree will always be full of patches maintained by us.
FB: On the
misc@ mailing list there were
some discussions about Apache and the version in the OpenBSD source tree. It
seems that you chose to fork from version 1.3.29 and then introduced a lot of
fixes, some of them security related. This sounds good to me, but do you think
that keeping the name "Apache" is judicious?
Henning Brauer: No, this is completely backward. We did NOT fork from 1.3.29 and then did a lot of security fixes. We always had a number of security fixes, mostly in mod_ssl. Some releases ago I wrote the chroot extension. We did more fixes over time, as we found more problems. Of course, we always notified people in the Apache team, but they apparently decided to not care, or in some cases to ignore problems because they could not solve them on some obscure platforms that don't have [reasonable sources of] randomness. So yeah, good idea, let everyone suffer because one or two platforms can't get it right. If there was proof needed that it is impossible to write reasonable code for both Unix and completely non-Unixy platforms, they made it.
So by now the diff between our in-tree Apache and their 1.3.29 is well beyond 4,000 lines.
After the 1.3.29 they decided to muck with their license, introducing stupid
patent terms without understanding what they turned their license (that used to
be a BSD-derived one) into with that, so we cannot import new versions unless
they fix their license. It is not a big loss tho'. The Apache people have
mostly given up on 1.3 anyway, and all that happened over the last years was
bug fixes, documention work (actually, mainly translation), and some stupid code
shuffling, that only made diffs bigger without improving anything. Now that it
is certain that we don't have to worry about syncing to them any more, we can
start making the mess of code readable tho'. That is, un
replacing all those
ap_something function calls by their native
counterparts (e.g.,
ap_snprintf ->
snprintf), and
such. I am pretty certain that there will be bugs discovered or "accidentally"
fixed in that process. It is a lot of work and I cannot do it all by myself,
but I hope to get help.
FB: If I'm not wrong, this release doesn't add any new
feature to
spamd. Isn't there any new idea to fight spam that you
would like to add to
Bob Beck: Nope, no new
spamd features in 3.6.
The work I've done post-3.5 has been in other areas. I had a few grand plans,
which were mostly put on hold by a big flood we had in my hometown (Edmonton,
Alberta). It backed up raw sewage into my basement, forcing me to tear down my
entire computer room and store all my machines in piles upstairs. (This was my
computer room on July 16.) Since when this happens there are no contractors
available to do any work for you, I've had to do it all myself/bug friends
to help, and rack my credit cards up to pay for it. I'm still waiting for my
insurance company to give me a dime so I can pay the bills and replace some of
the furniture I lost. (Let's just say I have a special place in my heart for
Meloche Monex Insurance, right next to the place for all the spammers.) I'm just
now getting back to where I'm not spending every free minute doing forced
renovations, and I can have fun again.
I'm currently most interested in making it possible to distribute the spamd database in a couple of ways for post-3.6. This is important so people running multiple MXes can still make use of greylisting properly.
I'd like to look at adding features to
spamd that make it
possible to more effectively share information between or from trusted sites,
particularly the whitelist information, which is actually the powerful stuff. I
think there's also room in
spamd to allow for spamtraplike
functionality from the greylist, and I will be looking at getting a clean
implementation of that in.
There are many other spam-fighting possibilities that do *not* belong in
spamd; it's important to keep that in mind. If it's better done in
the MTA, then that's the place to do it. I do like keeping
small, simple, low impact, and secure.
FB: What is your opinion about caller ID technology?
Bob Beck: Short answer: it sucks dead moose through bent straws.
Long answer: for spam fighting? I don't think it will work well. SPF and caller ID don't stop spam--all they do is make sure that the envelope-from of a message comes from a place that the DNS for the supposedly sending domain says it should, or could, come from. That doesn't mean it's not a spam message. It's a nice thing for AOL or MSN to be able to provide people with a mechanism to identify their outgoing SMTP addresses. (Of course there are other ways they could actually do that, like publishing a whitelist?) My other big problem with these mechanisms is they break mail forwarding. Yes, I know there's another proposal to get around that problem too--but that involves more changes to MTAs, and I would hope to see some benefit for that in exchange for such a change. Truth be told, I haven't, and I've looked.
As you can imagine, I've received a bunch of suggestions to "make
spamd do SPF! wouldn't it be cool!" I agree it might be cool, but
cool alone doesn't cut it; it needs to work to justify its existence, code
complexity, and maintenance with some actual benefit. So I did a little
experiment around the middle of September. I have a
box in front of a large domain with about a hundred thousand users or so. It
runs greylisting only, no blacklists. This machine consistently sits at about
40,000 greylist entries in
spamdb, with a 4-hour expiry time. So
figure on about 10,000 connections an hour in the greylist, the vast majority
of which are spambot-generated spam that never retries. I wrote a small Perl
script using the reference SPF implementation (
Mail::SPF) to walk
through my greylist. I was interested in two things:
The result was very interesting. Obviously if there was lots of case 1, it would be a compelling argument to add functionality to spamd to do this. Out of my approximately 40,000 entries in my greylist, there were about 25 connections that showed this. So really, for all that cost of DNS lookups and code complexity, I would have blocked 25 spams. Big deal :)
No. 2 was even more interesting. There were about 1,500 greylist entries
where the envelope from indicated a valid or at least possibly permitted
sending IP in SPF. But then it gets fun. Take a look at the sender and
recipient, and turn on
spamd debugging, and take a look at the
content. Almost all of these were spam.
What's my conclusion? SPF and caller ID does two things, which I would do if I were writing spam software:
If I were a spammer, I would publish SPF records for my throwaway domains to allow the places I'm spamming from. There's a nice site about SPF that tells me how to do it :) The biggest SPF adopters I see on my site (from No. 2 above) are spammers.
(And don't forget, this is what AOL and MSN *really* care about.) If I were a spammer and were completely untalented and didn't have a throwaway domain, if I were sending a message with a random valid domain as the source, I would first do a quick DNS lookup to see if the domain published SPF records. If it does, pick a different random domain. Not that hard, and not that expensive. The result is I don't use AOL or MSN addresses. While this is good for AOL or MSN, it doesn't really do much for the average mail site maintainer. True, you could say, "I will only accept mail from sites with SPF records," but right now that means "I will only accept mail that is 90 percent spam," because while lots of people have SPF records, other than MSN and AOL and their ilk, most of the mail flying around out there from SPFed domains, at least that hits my server, is spam!
I sometimes wish my sense of ethics was surgically removed at birth so I could write spam software. I'd make more money to pay someone else to shovel the s### out of my basement and fight with the insurance people ;)
FB: And what about its proposed license?
Bob Beck: When you consider the Microsoft patent issues, not only does it not work well for stopping spam, but it's also probably going to end up being free-implementation hostile like VRRP anyway. I don't want to have to get drunk and make up another IETF-bashing song about SPF/caller ID/MARID/blah blah ...
Wait, what's that noise I hear? It's a band of zealots screaming, "It's not for stopping spam, it's for stopping forgery!" after reading this. Right--but people are touting it to stop spam and I don't think it will. It also can't stop forgery, only make it a bit more difficult. When I don't want my mail to be forged, I do it the way God intended man to have secure conversations: strong cryptography--not the DNS. (I'm crossing myself saying, "PGP, IPSec, SSH.") :)
FB: NAT-Traversal support has been added to
isakmpd. What is it?
Hkan Olsson: NAT-Traversal addresses the problem that IPsec has with NAT.
The normal operation of NAT is to multiplex (modify) the TCP or UDP port number to distinguish between different hosts/ports on the inside network--typically to "hide" a number of hosts behind a single, externally visible IP address.
IPsec does not work well with NAT for a number of reasons; perhaps most obvious is that the IPsec protocols do not have port numbers (being neither TCP nor UDP).
The solution--i.e, "NAT-Traversal"--is to encapsulate the IPsec packets inside normal UDP packets, normally on port 4500. This traffic, being UDP, works well with NAT.
There is thus far no finished IETF standard describing how NAT-T should be done. The OpenBSD IKE daemon (isakmpd) currently implements roughly the -02 and -03 NAT-T drafts from the IETF IPSEC working group. This seems to match what most other vendors do.
FB: Does it interact with PF?
Hkan Olsson: Yes, and it is fairly straightforward. IPsec packets using NAT-T are to be matched on UDP port 4500 instead of (or in addition to) IP protocol 50 (ESP).
FB: Sometimes I read on the PF mailing list that someone hit the queues limit number with his ruleset. Is there any plan to increase the max number of queues that PF can handle?
Henning Brauer: Completely pointless. The number of queues is not limited because we like to impose limits ... the time resolution of the kernel is limited; we cannot reasonably break down the network traffic to an arbitrary number of queues, they would simply not work as intended. That said, there is at least some ideas for the PRIQ scheduler to allow people to specify more queues than now. As it is only about priorities and not bandwidth, the time resolution is not such a big factor there.
FB: I'm very interested in the
optimizer feature. How does it work?
Mike Frantzen: The basic premise behind the ruleset optimizer is that it doesn't matter which rule passes or blocks a packet as long as it gets passed or blocked like intended. To that end the optimizer will split the ruleset into superblocks of adjacent rules that it can safely reorder. For example:
pass in proto tcp to $BOB port ssh keep state
pass in proto tcp to $JIM port ssh keep state
pass in proto tcp to $BOB port smtp keep state
pass in proto tcp to $JIM port www keep state
pass in proto tcp to $BOB port ident keep state
Those five rules can safely be reordered without changing the meaning of the ruleset. So what ... The kernel implements skip steps such that if a packet does not match part of a rule (for instance, the port), then the kernel will skip over the next rules that it knows cannot match. So in the above example, we would reorder the rules to:
pass in proto tcp to $BOB port ssh keep state
pass in proto tcp to $BOB port smtp keep state
pass in proto tcp to $BOB port ident keep state
pass in proto tcp to $JIM port ssh keep state
pass in proto tcp to $JIM port www keep state
When the kernel is evaluating a packet against the first rule and the packet
is not destined to
$BOB, then the kernel will skip over all of the
$BOB rules. In the unordered case, the kernel would have
evaluated five rules. In the optimized case, the kernel will only evaluate two
to four rules.
The ruleset optimizer can also remove duplicate rules, rules that are a subset of another rule, and it can automatically combine rules with different IP addresses into a single rule with a table lookup. The optimizer can even look at the statistics of the currently running ruleset and use that as feedback to direct the optimization of "quick" rules.
Most people get a 10 to 30 percent decrease in effective ruleset size. Some script generated rulesets get cut by 300 percent.
Here I should probably plug my employer, NFR Security. I wrote the ruleset optimizer under the auspices of NFR's intrusion prevention system that incorporates PF.
NMBCLUSTERS is gone. How does the
kernel manage networking memory now?
Henning Brauer: Well,
NMBCLUSTERS was the
(fixed) size of the mbuf cluster pool. Now, there is an initial size for it,
and whenever it is used up beyond a certain point, the pool is grown. The
growing happens outside interrupt context, of course.
FB: It seems that OpenBSD is moving toward the Cisco replacement market. Why have you added support for T1/E1 hardware?
Henning Brauer: We are not moving toward any market. We solve problems, often our own ones.
There is increasing demand to terminate T1/E1/T3/E3 lines on OpenBSD machines. So we contacted some vendors; Cyclades provided two cards (for that, support is still to be written), and Sangoma provided [many] cards and sent us one of their engineers, Alex, to the hackathon. He and a few of us worked together to get the driver into a shape where it could be committed to OpenBSD, and in it went.
FB: Is there any plan for DSL hardware support too?
Henning Brauer: I do not see the point; the DSL-Ethernet bridges are the devices to use IMHO.
FB: I found this post, which includes a link to a patch for in-kernel PPPoE. Is there any chance to see a kernel side PPPoE implementation in the tree?
Todd C. Miller: I don't use PPPoE myself, but this has been
a topic of discussion among the OpenBSD developers. The consensus was to do
this in pieces by updating the
lmc(4) driver first and then adding
bits specific to PPPoE.
FB: What is the generic framework IEEE 802.11 introduced in this release?
Todd C. Miller: OpenBSD 3.6 ships with an IEEE 802.11 networking stack originally developed by Atsushi Onoe (NetBSD) and heavily modified by Sam Leffler (FreeBSD). Previously, most popular 802.11 chipsets (prism, lucent, aeronet) did most of the actual 802.11 protocol themselves. More recently, the trend has been toward chipsets that require almost everything be done in software (presumably for cost reasons).
In a way it is similar to the prevalence of software modems these days. With the 802.11 framework we can support the older cards that are "smart" as well as the newer "dumb" ones. Note that "smart" doesn't necessarily mean better. When the stack is done in software, we have more control over things, allowing for host-base access points (HostAP) and alternate encryption schemes.
Currently only the ADMtek ADM8211 driver uses the 802.11 framework, but in time I expect the other wireless drivers to be converted as well.
FB: This release adds the support for ADMtek ADM8211 802.11b wireless adapters. What is the plan for other chips and technologies like 802.11g?
Todd C. Miller: The relative dearth of supported 802.11g chipsets is really due to a lack of documentation and/or firmware. For instance, there is a driver for the Intel 802.11g (Centrino) chipset but it requires a firmware image that is only available via click-through license, which prevents us from shipping the firmware. Likewise, there is a Linux driver for the Prism 802.11g chipset, but it also requires a firmware image for which there is no legal source. The 802.11b cards we support have firmware stored in flash memory, but newer designs omit the flash to save money. Without the firmware there is little point in having drivers for the hardware. While there are people putting pressure on vendors to release their firmware under an acceptable license, so far they haven't had much luck.
FB: Most security-sensible people use IPSEC to protect wireless networks. Do you think that the new WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) could make it unnecessary?
Todd C. Miller: I have not looked at WPA in enough detail to have a very informed opinion on this. It is certainly an improvement over WEP (but [that's not] saying much). I do know that Sam Leffler has changes to the 802.11 framework to support WPA, though I don't know if he has integrated those into FreeBSD yet.
FB: Mike Frantzen has introduced a new feature called StackGhost on the Sparc platform. How does it work?
Mike Frantzen: Sparc is a weird, fun computer architecture. The return address is saved on the stack when a programmer calls a function on most architectures. And thus a buffer overflow will overwrite the return pointer in order to execute an exploit. But Sparc is weird. To greatly simplify the explanation, Sparc puts the return address in a list of registers. Then the kernel is the one that actually writes userland's return addresses to the stack once the function calls go deep enough to exhaust all of the registers.
So StackGhost will go ahead and XOR a random 32-bit number into the return address before written to the stack, and it will remove the random number when it retrieves it from the stack. When an attacker overwrites the return address with a pointer into his exploit payload, his pointer will be off by that random 32-bit number and the program will crash instead of running his exploit. The performance impact is about 1 percent, and it requires no changes to userland, not even a recompile.
FB: Is there any chance to port it to other platforms?
Mike Frantzen: StackGhost takes advantage of a nuance of the Sparc architecture. Sparc64 would obviously be fairly easy. Similar nuances exist in Itanium but would be more difficult to take advantage of. And I'm told there might be games we could play on HPPA or M88k.
FB: Is there any other OS that uses it?
Mike Frantzen: Not that I know of. StackGhost itself is pretty easy to implement. The really hard part is making GDB usable under StackGhost, which was done by Mark Kettenis.
FB: Why have you developed
another function to convert strings to numbers?
Todd C. Miller: We developed
strtonum(3) for
the same reason we added
strlcpy(3) and
strlcat(3)--the existing mechanisms were difficult or impossible to use safely. The most
common function used to convert a string to a number,
provides no way to check for error conditions such as overflow, underflow, or
invalid input. While
strtol(3) and its variants do provide ways to
detect this, they lack the ease of use of
atoi(3) and so tend not
to be used. With
strtonum(3), a programmer can easily replace
existing calls to
atoi(3) and get bounds checking and error
detection for free. As an added benefit, using
strtonum(3) makes
people think about [which] upper and lower bounds actually make sense for the
given input.
FB: I was wondering if you ever thought to replace the old plain text logs format with something like Bruce Schneier's Cryptographic Support for Secure Logs. Tampering with logs is pretty easy, and this has gone unaddressed for years.
Damien Miller: It doesn't make sense to change the log
format to something other than text. The best thing about syslog is that you
can wield the entire range of Unix text-processing tools over syslog output,
and even do it in real time (using
tail -f). I'm also quite
concerned about adding more complexity to
syslogd--it is one of
the really critical parts of the system, and it must be robust in the face of
all sorts of untrusted input. That being said, there may be a way to add some
sort of simple integrity stamps (perhaps based on Schneier's design) to the log
in a textual format. It could be a good project for someone who is
I think that a more practical problem to solve is how to export logs off a
system in a secure fashion. If the log data is no longer on a system, then it
cannot be retrospectively compromised. Also, log information is more useful
when it is centralized and available for event correlation. It might be cool to
add some simple way for syslogd to automatically set up IPsec SAs for when
exporting logs to an external host, probably using the code from
bgpd. But, I don't have any immediate plans to work on this.
Federico Biancuzzi is a freelance interviewer. His interviews appeared on publications such as ONLamp.com, LinuxDevCenter.com, SecurityFocus.com, NewsForge.com, Linux.com, TheRegister.co.uk, ArsTechnica.com, the Polish print magazine BSD Magazine, and the Italian print magazine Linux&C.
Return to the BSD DevCenter.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


text:
The wife of Muhammad Ali on Sunday countered British news reports of the near death of the boxing legend by posting on Twitter a photo of The Champ in a Ravens jersey getting ready to watch the Super Bowl.
Ali and his wife, Lonnie, were at home in Phoenix watching the game, said Lonnie Ali.
"All I can tell you is that Muhammad is rooting for the Ravens and Muhammad was completely (taken) with Beyonce," Lonnie told USA TODAY Sports Sunday night. "His eyes and mouth were wide open, so he's fine."
Family spokesman Bob Gunnell told the The Courier-Journal, "He looks great. He's having a Super Bowl party."
Gunnell said the report of Ali's pending death, published over the weekend by both The Sun and The Daily Mail newspapers, was based largely on an interview with Ali's brother, Rahman Ali, who was quoted as saying, "It could be months, it could be days. I don't know if he'll last the summer. He's in God's hands."
Lonnie Ali said the interview with Rahman that spawned the story was done last summer during the Olympics.
"(Rahman) was in London and we were there too," she said.
"It happens every year at this time," Lonnie Ali said of reports of Ali's failing health.
Mrs. Ali said the story has caused such a stir around the world that the office of Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia called several times to inquire on Ali's health.
As the story spread across the Internet, other accounts made his condition seem even more dire, as if Ali were on his deathbed.
Ali's daughter, Rasheda, said the accounts were not accurate, and agreed with her stepmother that these rumors surface every year around this time.
"It's a rumor. I just talked to him today and he's fine," Rasheda Ali-Walsh told USA TODAY Sports on Sunday night from her home.
The photo of Ali in a Ravens jersey was sent out on a little used and yet to be widely discovered personal Twitter account for Ali, "realALI_me," Gunnell said.
It shows Ali with his fists up and holding an inflated Ravens helmet balloon, followed by, "The Greatest is ready for the Super Bowl! Go @Ravens!"
Ali has suffered from Parkinson's disease, but has continued to make public appearances. He was, for example, at the Sugar Bowl in January wearing a Teddy Bridgewater jersey, where he joined former Louisville linebacker Tom Jackson in representing the Cardinals during the pregame coin toss.
Phone messages left Sunday night with Rahman Ali and the Muhammed Ali Center were not returned.


text:
So how do you go from being an engineering student to an animator? According to Cogswell student, Robert Mariazeta, you identify and then follow your dream. Since coming to Cogswell, Robert started the Animation Club, is working in Studio E and was one of the 5 Cogswell students selected by Disney to attend their 2013 Inspire Day.
In this short video, Robert talks about the journey that brought him to Cogswell to major in animation, his love of the field and why he thinks it's important to be a 'T' shaped worker.
Visit Cogswell's website to learn more about our Digital Art & Animation degree program.


text:
WVU has QB options
MORGANTOWN – I heard a highly successful college head football coach once say if you try to go with two quarterbacks in games you really don't have any.
That comes to mind only because I heard Dana Holgorsen, West Virginia University's third-year football coach, say earlier in the week that his two top signal callers may share the job in the season's opening game on Saturday against William & Mary.
He explained there is a good chance that junior Paul Millard and newcomer Clint Trickett both could see action and continue competing for the starting nod.
However, he still has not revealed which one will be in there at the start. But most observers think Trickett will get the call.
A Morgantown-area native, he has more collegiate experience than Millard, who backed up graduated superstar Geno Smith for two years.
Trickett made two starts as the backup at Florida State, from which he graduated in three years. He joined the Mountaineers in May.
While I haven't seen WVU practice since last spring's intrasquad game, I'm guessing that it really shouldn't make much difference who starts.
West Virginia is a 32-point favorite against William & Mary. The kickoff is set for noon.
Holgorsen said both Trickett and Millard have raised their game since the start of fall camp. Because of that, the competition has heightened between them.
With both Trickett and Millard seeing action, Holgorsen said, "How that plays out, I'm not sure yet.
"Both guys bring something to the table, but it's about the guy who is not going to make mistakes."
Holgorsen admittedly has never used a two-quarterback system in his 14 years of Division I coaching. "You'd rather have one," he said on Big 12 media day in Dallas last month.
"And the more reps that they can take, the better off they're going to be.
Holgorsen emphasized, "They both (Trickett and Millard) bring a little something different to our offense," when he was asked to compare them.
"Paul knows the offense better. He's a little more comfortable with the communication, getting calls and knowing where to go based on the reps he's had in this offense.
"Clint is seasoned. He has more game experience, and has really good leadership skills.
"He's calm under pressure, and he keeps plays alive."
Millard, 6-foot-2, 215 pounds, has experience in 11 games, completed 16 of 34 passes for 211 yards and three touchdowns.
Trickett, 6-foot-3, 185 pounds, played in 17 games at Florida State, completed 66 passes for 947 yards and seven touchdowns.


text:
Rod Savage, vocational agriculture instructor at Portales High School, was named best agriculture teacher in New Mexico by the state Agricultural Education Teachers Association during their July 20-Aug.t 3 conference in Albuquerque, according to Portales news archives. He was presented the "Ag Teacher of the Year" plaque by Kenneth Taylor, president of the association.
Aug. 21, 1990
August 17, 2009


text:
Would you like to receive free chapters from popular books in your daily email?
Click here to join the Larchmont Branch book club. With your free book chapters, you will also receive a list of events at Larchmont Branch Library.
Wii Gaming
- Date: 07/30/2014 2:00 PM
- Location: Larchmont Branch Library
6525 Hampton Boulevard
Norfolk, Virginia 23508
Return to full list >>
Come play the wii at the library. We have many games to choose from: Just Dance, Band Hero, Super Smash Bros Brawl and many more. Come with your friends or make new friends while playing. (School Age & Teens)


text:
SPRING GROVE – Spring Grove Police announed its plans for July 4th traffic enforcement, focusing on both drunk and unbuckled drivers.
The intensified enfocement effort will focus on late-night hours. Statistics show a disproportionate number of traffic deaths that happen late night and involve a drunken and/or unbuckled drivers.
The crackdown is part of the statewide Independence Day "Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over" and "Click It or Ticket" effort.
"Too many people die behind the wheel each year due to those who choose to drive after drikning, so our officers will be out in full force this Fourth of July showing zero tolderance for drunk drivers," Spring Grove Police Chief Tom Sanders said in a news release.
Spring Grove Police Department will join the Illinois State Police and more than 200 local police and sheriff's departments in a statewide enforcement effort that begins June 22 and runds through July 4.
There are many tips to avoid a potential crash or arrest involving drunken driving, such as designating a sober driver and not letting friends or family members drive drunk.
Other tips include:
• Plan ahead. Designate a sober driver before going out and give that person your keys.
• If you are drunk, call a taxi, use mass transit, or call a sober friend to drive you home safely.
• Use your community's designated driver program.
• Promptly report drunk drivers you see on the roadways to law enforcement by pulling over and dialing 911.
• Make sure everyone in your vehicle wears their seat belt. It is your best defense against a drunk driver.
The law enforcement crackdown is funded by federal traffic safety funds through IDOT's Division of Traffic Safety.


text:
Pedro's back!
2 Comments
O i believed alright. And we slapped the bravos around like a bunch of little girls. As for the Braves talk in the paper about catching the mets, The only thing they will be catching is fish in the offseason.
Wow… nice line from John! My sentiments exactly! The Braves have been yapping it up lately… and did u hear those "who's your daddy" chants from their fans in the first inning? lol These guys really think they are going to pull this thing off. It's only going to be more painful when we clinch! This NL East dynasty is about to end.
~Eddie @ Willie Ball


text:
Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library:
May 25, 2010
Annual Reagan Lecture with Mitt Romney*
3:30 p.m. Book Signing
6:00 p.m. Lecture
7:00 p.m. Dinner
Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney will deliver the annual Reagan Lecture at The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library on Tuesday, May 25, 2010.
Governor Romney will also be signing copies of his latest book, No Apology: The Case for American Greatness (Release date: March 2, 2010) from 3:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. In his latest book, Governor Romney proposes simple solutions to rebuild industry, create good jobs, reduce out of control spending on entitlements and healthcare, dramatically improve education, and restore a military battered by eight years of war.
UPDATE: Romney sounding more like candidate
Toward the end of Mitt Romney's bid for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election, his wife, Ann, turned to a documentary camera and said: "We're never doing this again."
But today, she is worried about the direction of the country.
"And she's changed her mind," Romney said Tuesday night to an energized room of his supporters at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum in Simi Valley.
Romney delivered the eighth Reagan Lecture at The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, joining influential leaders who have spoken at the annual event in the past, including Former Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Chief Justice John Roberts.
Romney escorted former first lady Nancy Reagan into the Presidential Learning Center, where an audience of about 700 rose to greet them.
Although there was no announcement of his candidacy, Romney went through a litany of criticisms of current social, diplomatic and financial policies coming out of Washington and the Obama White House.
"America doesn't need to hear about a president who makes apologies for his country," he said.
He said the American principles of education, taxes and growing the economy remain the most important.
He said there is optimism. Americans are "awakening that this administration is on the wrong track," he said.
Davia Navarrette of Oak Park attended the lecture with her mother and said Romney "lit the room on fire."
"He has got a strong love for the country. He will have our support if he runs for president," she said.
(emphasis mine)
UPDATE 5/27/10: For video of Romney's Annual Reagan Lecture speech click here.


text:
Dear members,
Thank you, NarutoBase Staff
Gaara was amazing in part 1. That's how you write a villain, have them actually be a threat to your main characters. He was the best bad guy in Part 1 after Orochimaru.
funny thing is gaara lost cause he transformed naruto was never fast for the sand he would have lost had gaara stayed in his human form lol
Originally Posted by ayush0735
Do not agree. Gaara was being controlled by the beast within him unlike Naruto who always used Nine tails chakra under his own control. So, it was more like a fight b/w One tails and naruto+sasuke. I would say they did fairly well.
Part 1 naruto and a little of shippuden naruto wae being contrilled by the fox anything past 4 tails he didnt recgonize friend or foe. He almost killed jiriryia
Garra was out of control but look how they treated him in the sand. wrll his father.. but his strength>>>>>
he was beastin when he fought naruto & sasuke too... Things changed when i saw him battle Kimmimaro tho... >>>
I still think Neji would've been an interesting fight to Gaara as well.
he is truley underrated
he can easily block amatersau i have him in my top 15
and when he was a villian i liked him more than he is now
he was such a classic villian like Orochimaru
Forum Rules


text:
How to Make Rice Krispie Treats
If you have childhood memories of learning how to make rice crispy treats in the kitchen with your mom, you're not alone. Rice crispy treats date back to 1939 when Mildred Day, then an employee of the Kellogg's company, first concocted the delectable snacks for a bake sale to raise funds for the Campfire Girls. The recipe appeared on the Kellogg's Rice KrispiesŽ box in 1941 and has been an American favorite ever since. These days, you can even buy them pre-packaged and ready to eat, but what fun would that be? Making rice crispy treats yourself is nearly as satisfying as eating them. While the official recipe calls for Kellogg's Rice Krispies, any brand of crisped rice cereal will do. At just 140 calories per serving, rice crispy treats are a sensible snack for children and adults. The whole recipe takes just a few ingredients and is so quick and easy to make that even very young children can lend a hand. More important, when you get the little ones involved, you'll be doing more than making a tasty treat--you'll be making memories that will last your kids a lifetime.
Hi, it's Miranda with Recipe.com, and today, we are going to be making the original treats, those special Rice Krispie Treats, that everyone knew and loved as a child, and perhaps still now as an adult. They're incredibly simple to do, only 3 ingredients, so really easy-peasy, let's get started. So, right here, we have 6 cups of Rice Krispies. Obviously, they're Rice Krispie Treats, so 6 cups of Rice Krispies. We have one 10-ounce bag here of regular-sized marshmallows, or if you're using those mini marshmallows, you would just do 4 cups of those little miniature marshmallows. We have about 40 of these large size here. And 3 tablespoons of butter or margarine. So I've got this nice large pot over here, and I'm gonna turn my heat on, just like low 'cause we're gonna melt the butter. I don't want it to burn. You always wanna make sure that it's not too high-- your heat's not too high when you put in the butter, 'cause the last thing you want is burnt butter. You'd have to start all over again, so we just want it to melt. So we're gonna let this hang out and melt for a moment. Okay, so our butter's all melted. Now, it's time to add in the marshmallows. So, add those in. And we're gonna just also start-- give this-- like get it nice and coated. It's gonna start to melt right away which is great, that's exactly what we want. It's gonna be really sticky, so, you know, don't worry, it's just like if you're making s'mores, you know, how they get all like, kinda look like-- they're like the mozzarella cheese of the sweets world. Okay, so I'm gonna keep an eye on this and let this cook down until it gets all nice and melted and then we'll come back. Okay, so check out...my marshmallows, completely melted down. Is this what fluff is, kind of? Like isn't that kinda like fluff? So you just wanna make sure you-- you kept it going until you had no lumps left. Let's turn off the heat. If you check out the bottom, you'll see that it wants to get golden brown with the butter. You know how like when you do s'mores like in the fire, you're melting your marshmallow or whatever first, but if you're just doing your marshmallows when you're camping, I'm sure you all know what I'm talking about, and it gets like all golden brown and yummy on the outside and then super, super smooth on the inside. This is a little bit different. We don't want it to get super golden brown so you wanna keep the heat low, continue to stir and keep an eye on it. So we're good to go. That was just a few minutes. Turn the heat off. Now we are going to introduce the Rice Krispies. So, pour those on in. Give that a nice stir. Woo. Toss some Rice Krispies around. Oh, gosh. All right. It's very sticky so you're really gonna have to like... Ooh, but, look! Look at all the neat little like...looks like spiderwebs, like food spiderwebs. This would be very fun for children. Look how much fun I'm having and I'm a grown adult. I can't even imagine what this would be like, if you were a child getting to make Rice Krispie Treats. Okay. All right. So, perfect. And, now, we are gonna pour this-- well, pour is perhaps not the right word. We're gonna transfer to a greased, I just used cooking spray, just-- and that's what I'd recommend as you're not actually baking it, you're just gonna let it cool, to a greased 13-inch by 9-inch pan here. So either using wax paper or a buttered spatula which I have right here, we're gonna transfer this to here. It's incredibly sticky, so definitely you want buttered or wax paper. So we're just gonna transfer this all over, and then we're gonna let it cool, so once I have it all transferred, I'll show you how gorgeous it looks. We'll be right back. Okay, so I have it all packed in here evenly to this pan. It's going to cool really, really fast. As soon as it cools, just cut these into like little 2-inch squares or however large. Frankly, if you just wanted, you know, you're an adult now. If you just wanted this whole thing as one giant Rice Krispie Treat, who am I to say you should cut it into 2-inch squares, but that's how we recommend it. These Rice Krispie Treats are definitely best if they are served and/or eaten on the same day that they're made, so just keep that in mind, but just wrap them in an airtight container if you're not going to eat them that same day, and there you go, how easy was that? Three little ingredients, and there you go, childhood favorite. That's how you make the Original Treats. Thanks for watching, and for more great recipes and savings, visit us at Recipe.com.
What You'll Need
- 3 tablespoons butter or margarine
- 1 10 ounce package regular marshmallow (about 40) or 4 cups miniature marshmallows
- 6 cups Rice Krispies®
Step By Step
In large saucepan melt butter over low heat. Add marshmallows and stir until completely melted. Remove from heat.
Add KELLOGG'S RICE KRISPIES cereal. Stir until well coated.
Using buttered spatula or wax paper evenly press mixture into 13 x 9 x 2-inch pan coated with cooking spray. Cool. Cut into 2-inch squares. Best if served the same day.
Microwave Directions:
In microwave-safe bowl heat butter and marshmallows on HIGH for 3 minutes, stirring after 2 minutes. Stir until smooth. Follow steps 2 and 3 above. Microwave cooking times may vary.
For best results, use fresh marshmallows. 1 jar (7 oz.) marshmallow creme can be substituted for marshmallows. Diet, reduced calorie or tub margarine is not recommended. Store no more than two days at room temperature in airtight container. To freeze, place in layers separated by wax paper in airtight container. Freeze for up to 6 weeks. Let stand at room temperature for 15 minutes before serving.
Wondering how to make Rice Krispie Treats even better? Try different varieties of crisped rice cereal, such as cocoa flavored. Stir in chocolate chips or candy pieces. Drizzle caramel or chocolate syrup across the mixture after you've put it in the pan, or dip pieces into melted chocolate. You can even experiment with food coloring and molding the mixture into different shapes for fun holiday motifs.
nutrition information
Per Serving: cal. (kcal) 140, Fat, total (g) 3, chol. (mg) 10, sat. fat (g) 2, carb. (g) 28, sugar (g) 14, pro. (g) 1, vit. A (IU) 486, vit. C (mg) 6, sodium (mg) 105, iron (mg) 4, Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet