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Peter Berg '00 came to a crossroad in his life that would've defeated many people and decided instead to better himself with a degree from North Central College. Now coordinator of technical assistance and employer outreach for the Disability Business Technical Assistance Center housed at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Berg is an expert on architectural accessibility, the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) and employer accommodations. At the federally funded center, Berg answers questions from people in the Great Lakes region. Of 600 to 700 monthly calls, employment is the most frequent topic on the toll-free hotline.
"Sixteen years after the ADA went into effect, there are still so many issues out there," says Berg.
While Berg is now a recognized expert, he never imagined this outcome when he attended St. Norbert College in the late 1980s, left school and embarked on a career at Dominick's. "I worked my way up from bagger to a customer service manager," says Berg, a native of Elmhurst, IL.
But his life took an unexpected turn when he lost his vision due to diabetes. "I had no concept of what someone who's blind does for work," he says. "I chose to treat it as a new opportunity to do things I wouldn't have otherwise done."
Berg attended an intensive 16-week program at the Illinois Center for Rehabilitation and Education in Chicago, where he learned travel, communication and independent living skills. He remembers the instructor who said he'd only be limited by his ability and imagination. That was the motivation he needed to finish his bachelor's degree, and he applied to College of DuPage in fall 1997. He transferred to North Central in 1998 and two years later, graduated with a history major.
"Dr. Barbara Sciacchitano inspired me," Berg says. "She got me interested in Russian studies, which prompted me to apply for a Richter fellowship. I spent two weeks in Russia in 1999."
He also credits help from Laurie Hamen, vice president for enrollment management, athletics and student affairs, and the Office of Academic Support Services with providing the tools he needed to complete his degree. "I realized that without losing my sight, I probably wouldn't have a bachelor's degree," he adds.
After graduation, he heard about the position with the assistance center and realized he'd found his niche. His expertise was derived from on-the-job study and he continues to follow court interpretation of ADA regulations. Berg frequently attends and presents at conferences, traveling to Washington, D.C., Nevada and Florida.
Today Berg lives in Naperville and especially enjoys time with his children, ages 14 and 10. He may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
North Central NOW Fall 2008


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The source of news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty members and administrators. Online, The Chronicle is published every weekday and is the top destination for news, advice, and jobs for people in academe. The Chronicle's Web site features the complete contents of the latest issue; daily news and advice columns; thousands of current job listings; articles published since September 1989; vibrant discussion forums; and career-building tools such as online CV management, salary databases, and more.
Miami University has a long and proud tradition of student involvement in both radio and television productions. This exhibit will celebrate five decades of students in broadcasting. Many of these productions can be found online in the WMUB Archives. For questions about the exhibit, contact Marcus Ladd at firstname.lastname@example.com or (513) 529-0462.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Your Wish Is Granted!
Well, my birthday wishes came true yesterday – the Phillies DID win, and the Braves DID lose, so the Phils are atop the NL East. For the moment, anyway.
Now that three blogs' worth of wishes in a row have been granted, I think I'd better stop while I'm ahead!
Clash of the Crustaceans
Saw this little news item on the Phillies website. Over the weekend, the Phils' single-A affiliate, the Lakewood BlueClaws, won their South Atlantic League semifinal series over the Hickory Crawdads.
Based on the mascots, I would definitely pick Pinchy the Crab in a mascot smackdown over Conrad the Crawdad. Pinchy just has a more determined look about him, and besides, Conrad is hiding behind a giant 'H'.
The BlueClaws will now face the Greenville Drive for the Sally League title.
For the most part, minor league team names and mascots are a source of great amusement for me. But "Drive"? What kind of team name is "Drive", anyway? Don't the execs in Greenville realize that a catchy team name and mascot will provide multitudinous marketing opportunities, with cute little mascot bobbleheads and stuffed mascots for sale in the team store?
Good luck, BlueClaws!
7 Comments
Happy belated birthday Sue! Glad your wishes were granted! I like the picture of the Bluecraws. So cute, and is blue!
Weird it was my wife's b'day yesterday (12th), I think thats when you say yours was…
here's hoping the Floridian air gives them more W's
Emma – Thanks! In my mind, belated wishes just extend the celebration!🙂
Peter – Yes, the 12th is when it was. Did your wife wish for a Phillies win, too?
Like they say, "a blue claw is better than no claw"… right? Someone said that at some point, right? Happy belated birthday and glad something's going right in the baseball world for someone at least.
Glad you had a great birthday and your wish came true! I sure would love a rematch of last year's WS but the Yankees need some Red Bull to carry them at the moment.
Happy belated Birthday! I am officially going through minor league withdrawals and a case of the blues to boot. BKN Cyclones lost our championship. I went to Lakewood last year for a game. They have a very nice place. Your Philly charge for the pennant is reminding me of 1976 thru 1978. I remember not being happy about it then also. Some things never change. : 0
Glad U had a nice B-Day :O) Looks like the Phils are having a nice September! Hoping they keep it up against the Nats who love to try and crush our hopes and dreams…


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By now, you've likely watched the newly released debut trailer for Grand Theft Auto 5 at least a couple dozen times. Don't feel bad though. We have too. Each time I see it, something new stands out. But rather than keep those observations and analyses to myself, I put together this little trailer breakdown to highlight some of the elements that stood out to me the most. If you spotted something that I missed, please share it in the comments section below. We're all about learning around here.
1. Back to San Andreas: Well, all the speculation and rumor milling were eerily accurate as Rockstar North is taking GTA back to San Andreas, giving it the next-gen treatment ala Liberty City in GTA IV. There are countless Los Angeles (Los Santos) landmarks featured in the trailer including the Santa Monica Pier (Pleasure Pier), the Capital Records building, Venice Beach/Muscle Beach (Vespucci Beach/Muscle Sands), Skid Row, Rodeo Drive, and plenty of panoramic shots of the downtown skyline. In short, prepare to wreck havoc on the most detailed recreation of L.A. ever seen in a game. Just stay away from my house!
2. As in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, GTA 5 will give players the chance to reconnect with nature. Whether the rural counties of Flint, Red, and/or Whetstone will return, it does appear that a massive national park will be explorable. Couple that with the shot of a wind farm (most likely a reference to the windmill-covered landscapes found in Kern County, California, which also happens to be just outside Bakersfield at the foot of the Sequoia National Forest), and it's clear that the game will feature settings outside of Los Santos proper. Whether that means we'll be flying to San Fiero or Las Venturas remains to be seen. However…
3. Jets are back! And while the trailer features several shots of your standard Gulfstream-type planes, one shot shots a fighter jet screaming over downtown. We have no clear evidence that the game will feature other cities, but it would be sort of a waste of some super fight aircrafts if you could only fly it around Los Santos. Also, the original trailer for GTA: San Andreas only featured Los Santos. Just saying.
4. Grand Theft Auto IV: The Ballad of Gay Tony gave players the chance to hit the range and knock a few balls around, and it appears GTA's rich golfing tradition will continue in GTA 5. Side activities have always provide countless hours of distraction, and while I doubt we'll be able to play full on golf in the game, at least we'll have plenty of lush fairways to tear ass across as we engage in cart-to-cart combat.
5. Slightly familiar faces: Obviously, we don't know the identity of the voice narrative the trailer, but there's a good chance it's the fella pictured above. As a lot of people have point out, he looks a bit like an aged Tommy Vercetti, star of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and voiced by actor Ray Liotta. But that voice over is not Ray Liotta, and if GTA 5 takes place in modern day, that would make Tommy somewhere in the mid-to-late-50's, and I'm not sure having a protagonist that old doing the things that GTA characters do would fly. Still, the Vercetti-ish guy seen throughout the trailer does look to be an older gentleman, and the voice over talks about wanting to retire and be normal dad, so the main character is clearly a seasoned professional. He actually sounds like he has a bit more in common with Red Dead Redemption's John Marston than any previous GTA character, especially given the whole "wanted to retire from…that line of work" setup.
Assuming the guy pictured above isn't Tommy, it would keep with the trailer's theme of featuring nods to past GTA leading men, specifically CJ Johnson from San Andreas (who i wouldn't be surprised if we saw pop up at some point in the new game), and GTA 4 star Niko Bellic. They aren't exact matches, I know, but it isn't any more of a stretch than seeing the cowboy hat found in L.A. Noire as a reference to Red Dead Redemption.
Another thing worth mentioning here is that we see two distinct people driving vehicles in the trailer (outside of what are clearly AI-controlled pedestrian drivers). Given Rockstar's recent infatuation with letting players assume the role of multiple characters, it would seem likely we'll be seeing the events of GTA 5 from multiple perspectives as well.
6. Signage, logos, and slogans have always been a big part of GTA (and Rockstar games in general), so it's hardly a surprise to see a number of them on display in the trailer. Here are the ones we spotted:
- Los Santos Police Department – "Obey and Survive"
- Pump Body Magazine – "Plenty of Issues to Work Out"
- Pump and Run Gymnasium
- Up-n-Atom Burger (In-n-Out-styled logo) – "Once it pings, eat like kings."
- Postal service – "We aim not to lose it."
- Bugstars Pest Control "Putting the FU in Fumigate"
7. For all of those gamers who were utterly devastated when they realized you couldn't actually poison people with a crop-duster in GTA: SA, Rockstar has obviously heard your incessant complaints, because it appears that releasing toxic pesticides onto unsuspecting civilians will be possible in GTA V. Finally.
8. It just wouldn't be a GTA game with a plethora of working girls, women of the night, ladies of easy leisure, bordello betties, aka prosties. If I had to put money on it, I'd say you'll be able to approach one of these horizontal professionals in your automobile and offer them a fair monetary exchange for their unique brand of nocturnal-based services should you feel so inclined. Then again, if the narrator is a family man, that could complicate things a bit. Not so much because of the sex, but because of having to keep coming up with excuses for why you keep needing new shovels and more tarps for "yard work."
9. There are tons of vehicles on display in the trailer, from sports cars to jetskis to planes, none of which are terribly surprising. What was surprising was watching as the above car's convertible top retracted into the trunk. Assuming this is now a vehicle option, it would be a first for the series and will ensure plenty of hilarious videos of people exchanging fire with cops in helicopters and closing the convertible top to shield themselves from incoming fire. At least, that's what I plan to spend a significant amount of time doing.
10. It's hard to say if players will be donning a red jump suit and aiding in the above depicted heist, but it does suggest we can once again expect to engage in some good old-fashioned armed robbery with the help of some fellow ne're do wells. More importantly though, I just love that the store's door handle is the same font as the "V" in the game's title. Coincidence?!
So there you go. Just some things to think about, and seeing as we don't have a release date yet (most likely sometime in 2012), we'll have plenty of time to do just that.


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The reason given for building Lake Corpus Christi (Mathis Lake) in 1958 was for boating and recreation. The lake stayed full almost all the time and the area around the lake thrived with revenues associated with boating, fishing, skiing, swimming and construction of homes and businesses.
Choke Canyon Reservoir was built and Lake Corpus Christi has been drained down to 22.9% capacity. Even though the evaporation rate at Choke Canyon is 76 per acre foot and at Lake Corpus Christi is 75 per acre foot. Lake Corpus Christi is nothing but mud flats with sand bars, dead trees and fence posts from when it was farmland Water is still being let out of Lake Corpus Christi. The Corpus Christi parks are still watering in the middle of the day and no water rationing has been announced .
Now, the South Texas Water Authority seeks to sell water to oil and gas companies on the recommendation of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
The Nueces River Authority data states that the "NRA works closely with the City to protect the water quality and supply associated with Choke Canyon." The NRA doesn't even mention protecting Lake Corpus Christi. At some point Lake Corpus Christi will not be able to be revived .
May I ask what the long-term goal is for Lake Corpus Christi and for the 450,000 people Lake Corpus Christi used to serve.


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WWE Hart & Soul - The Hart Family Anthology DVD Set
The Hart family has long served as Canadas first family of Sports Entertainment, from patriarch Stu and his Stampede Wrestling and Dungeon, a training site that has produced multiple Hall of Famers, though sons Bret, Owen, on to a new generation of WWE Superstars, The Hart Dynasty. But the familys journey was never a smooth one, as their accomplishments were often punctuated with devastating tragedies and loss. Now for the first time ever, fans can learn the entire story in Hart & Soul: The Hart Family Anthology. A brand new documentary chronicling more than 5 decades of family lineage is filled with never-before-seen Hart family interviews and supplemented with a dozen matches featuring Bret, Owen, Keith, Bruce, The British Bulldog, The Dynamite Kid, Jim The Anvil Neidhart, The Hart Dynasty, and more!
DISC 1 - Chapters
- Stu Hart
- Falling in Love
- The Promoter
- Hart House
- Riches to Rags
- All in the Family
- Hart Foundation / British Bulldogs
- Stampede Sold
- Dean
- International Spotlight
- Family Feud
- Canadas Family
- Struggles Within
- Family Tragedy
- Third Generation
- Reflections
Special Features
- Stu the Athlete
- Helens Car Accident
- Terrible Ted the Wrestling Bear
- A Letter from Dean
- Stu vs. The Tiger
- A Hart Family Thanksgiving 1987
- Helen Throws in the Towel
- Owen the Prankster
- Chris Jerichos Flight with Owen
- The Uninvited Guest
- Bret Hit Man Hart Returns to WWE
- Post-Raw Celebration (Raw January 4, 2010)
- Introduction with The Hart Dynasty
6-Man Tag Team Match
Keith Hart, Bruce Hart & Bret Hart vs. The Kiwis & Dynamite Kid
Stampede Wrestling May 1979
- Stampede Arrives in WWE
World Tag Team Championship Match
Hart Foundation vs. British Bulldogs
Boston Garden November 1, 1986
- An Unforgettable Match
Intercontinental Championship Match
Bret Hit Man Hart vs. British Bulldog
SummerSlam August 29, 1992
- The Hart Family in a WWE Ring
Family Feud Match
Bret Hit Man Hart, Owen Hart, Bruce Hart & Keith Hart vs. Shawn Michaels & His Knights
Survivor Series November 24, 1993
- Brothers vs. Brothers
Bret Hit Man Hart & Owen Hart vs. Rick Steiner & Scott Steiner
Florence, SC January 11, 1994
- Ripped Apart at the Seams
World Tag Team Championship Match
Bret Hit Man Hart & Owen Hart vs. The Quebecers
Royal Rumble January 22, 1994
- Sibling Rivalry
Steel Cage Match for the WWE Championship
Bret Hit Man Hart vs. Owen Hart
SummerSlam August 29, 1994
- The Hart Family Settles It in the Ring
Bret Hit Man Hart & British Bulldog vs. Owen Hart & Jim The Anvil Neidhart
Raw November 7, 1994
- Decorated in Gold <
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An Italian court will decide if Francesco Schettino, the captain of the capsized Costa Concordia cruise ship, should face a full trial next year for the deaths of 32 people. NBC's Claudio Lavanga reports.
GROSSETO, Italy -- The captain of the Costa Concordia cruise ship that crashed into an Italian reef appeared in court Monday to hear the evidence against him, while hundreds of passengers who survived the deadly shipwreck and the families of those who died in it showed up just "to look him in the eye."
The case of Francesco Schettino, 51, was of such enormous interest that a theater had to be turned into a courtroom in the Tuscan city of Grosseto to accommodate all those who had a legitimate claim to be at the closed-door hearing over the disaster.
As dozens of experts, lawyers and prosecutors packed the building, all eyes were on Schettino, who returned to Tuscany for the first time since his arrest to, in his own words, "Face my accusers."
In the next few days, Schettino, the eight other people accused, and the many survivors and families of victims, will learn if he will face charges over the deaths of 32 people after his ship run aground off Giglio island on Jan. 13.
Schettino is accused of manslaughter, causing the shipwreck and abandoning ship while passengers and crew were still aboard. He denies the accusations and has not been charged. Any trial is unlikely to begin before next year.
"The sooner we can resolve it, the sooner the victims can get on with their lives, they can put this behind them. ... We are anxious to do that, but not so anxious to compromise on our will to change the industry for better standards," John Arthur Eaves, Jr., an Alabama-based lawyer representing several American survivors of the disaster, told NBC News.
Monday's hearing was the first and most important in a preliminary trial, aimed at establishing who should be indicted over the disaster.
Over the next few days experts, who were appointed at an earlier hearing in March, will present their analysis of the data retrieved from the black box, audio recordings and other on-board equipment.
The hearing is off limits to the media, and the only way to learn what is happening inside is through lawyers and witnesses who emerge from the theater during breaks.
Dramatic opening
Schettino himself has become a lightning rod for international disdain for having left the ship before everyone was evacuated.
As befitting a star attraction, the captain arrived Monday at the makeshift courthouse through the back door in a car with darkened windows.
Costa Concordia captain admits he was 'distracted' by phone call
"Schettino looked like he just walked out of a fashion magazine. He was dressed in a black suit, black tie, and was very tanned. He didn't betray any emotion, and took many notes," Eaves told NBC.
Even the weather added to the sense of drama.
Codacons via Getty Images
In this handout image, data from the Costa Concordia's black box reveals the moment when Capt. Francesco Schettino said "let's leave the ship" in the moments after the cruise liner collided with rocks in Grosseto, Italy.
on October 15, 2012 in Grosseto, Italy. (Photo by Laura Lezza/Getty Images)
A massive storm, nicknamed Cleopatra by Italian meteorologists, hit Grosseto a couple of hours after the hearing began, dumping rain on members of the media waiting outside.
A group of German survivors said Schettino was seen biting his nails, and another witness claimed to have seen him shaking hands with another survivor.
"We want to look him in the eye to see how he will react to the accusations," said survivor Michael Liessen, 50, who was attending with his wife.
Schettino is one of nine people facing charges, although eyewitnesses, leaked audio and video recordings, a pre-trial report and even the liner's owners, Costa Crociere (a subsidiary of Miami-based Carnival), appeared to put the blame squarely on him.
Wider fault?
However, Eaves, the American lawyer, suggested the fault may lie wider.
"It was just said in court that musicians on board had more safety training than other crew members," Eaves told NBC.
Costa Concordia cruise ship captain says sacking unfair
"We are not going to save lives if we don't change the standards in the whole industry, not only of this particular captain," he added.
Remo Casilli / Reuters
The Costa Concordia, carrying more than 4,200 passengers, ran aground Jan. 13 off the coast of Italy killing 32 people - including two Americans.
It is alleged Schettino was in command when he steered the gigantic ship too close to Giglio coastline, allegedly to perform a maritime salute to grant a favor to the ship's head master, who was originally from the island.
The Concordia hit a reef, tearing a 160-ft. gash in her hull, taking in water and eventually running aground yards from the island's port.
Video taken by passengers at the time showed scenes of chaos and confusion as the Costa Concordia started to list heavily.
In the intervening months, Schettino has sought to restore his reputation and set the record straight by giving his version of events.
His strategy has not met with widespread approval.
An angry member of an Italian consumer association told NBC News it would be raising a formal objection to Schettino's presence in court.
"We are losing sight of the victims of this tragedy, but they could line the pockets of the shamed captain," the member said.
Complete Europe coverage on NBCNews.com
Many questions
Expert evidence will have to address many questions, among them:
Did Schettino make a personal and fatal mistake in taking the ship too close to the island, or should, as he claims, the blame be shared with other crew members?
Six months after the Costa Concordia cruise ship disaster, some of the survivors say that they have learned the cruise industry has a "lack of oversight." Hundreds of survivors are challenging the settlements offered to them and calling for an overhaul of the industry. Rock Center's Harry Smith reports.
Did Schettino voluntarily abandon the ship hours before all passengers were evacuated?
Did he delay the call to abandon the ship, further endangering passengers?
Did he really save hundreds of lives by steering the ship as close as possible to the coast, as he claims, guided by a "divine hand"?
A pre-trial report, leaked to Italian media weeks before the trial, places much of the blame on Schettino.
Costa Concordia disaster spawns shipwreck tourism for Italian island
The 270-page report, compiled by maritime experts appointed by the court, reveals that the captain abandoned the Costa Concordia hours before the last of the passengers had reached safety and was slow in issuing the order to abandon ship and alerting port authorities.
But the experts -- two admirals and two engineers -- also note that evacuation drills had not been undertaken by all passengers on the ship and not all crew members understood Italian, the operating language of the liner.
"You find a consistent pattern of a lack of discipline on crew training, on the design of the vessel, on the communication problems. They go back to standards that were set up by Carnival in the United States. This captain made a horrible mistake, but we are not going to save lives if we don't change the standards in the whole industry, not only of this particular captain," Eaves said.
Complete World coverage on NBCNews.com
An Indonesian helmsman, for instance, failed twice to understand orders, veering to the right instead of the left as he was told by Schettino, who joked he should pay closer attention or "we will go on the rocks," only minutes before they dram aground.
A local newspaper said Monday the captain's lawyers told the judge and prosecutors to "consider the position of the helmsman."
Schettino, they seem to suggest, was not the only one to blame.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
More world stories from NBC News:
- Assad forces using cluster bombs, rights group says
- Video: Pyramid reopens despite turmoil in Egypt
- Video: Pakistan teen shot by Taliban moves hands, feet
- Clinton reaffirms support for Libya, emerging democracies
- Madonna dedicates striptease to child activist shot by Taliban
- Western intelligence sees 'small signs of wavering' on Iran nuclear policy


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Click here to join the Pretlow Anchor Branch book club. With your free book chapters, you will also receive a list of events at Pretlow Branch Library.
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INGREDIENTS:12 cups frozen hash browns 6 Tbsps. drawn butter Cinnamon and sugar for sprinkling 12 cups prepared pancake batterDIRECTIONS:1. On a preheated 350ºF griddle, cook hash browns in drawn butter until crisp, making sure they stay loose and separated. Sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar. 2. Divide hash browns into 24 equal sections on griddle. Pour ½ cup pancake batter over each section of hash browns, making sure to blend thoroughly. 3. Cook each side. Remove to plate and double stack ...
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You can also order print versions from our online catalog.
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic, or long lasting, injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and partially blocks the flow of blood through the liver.
The liver is the body's largest internal organ. The liver is called the body's metabolic factory because of the important role it plays in metabolism—the way cells change food into energy after food is digested and absorbed into the blood. The liver has many functions, including
A healthy liver is necessary for survival. The liver can regenerate most of its own cells when they become damaged. However, if injury to the liver is too severe or long lasting, regeneration is incomplete, and the liver creates scar tissue. Scarring of the liver, also called fibrosis, may lead to cirrhosis.
The buildup of scar tissue that causes cirrhosis is usually a slow and gradual process. In the early stages of cirrhosis, the liver continues to function. However, as cirrhosis gets worse and scar tissue replaces more healthy tissue, the liver will begin to fail. Chronic liver failure, which is also called end-stage liver disease, progresses over months, years, or even decades. With end-stage liver disease, the liver can no longer perform important functions or effectively replace damaged cells.
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic injury.
Cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly 32,000 deaths each year. More men die of cirrhosis than women.1
Cirrhosis has various causes. Many people with cirrhosis have more than one cause of liver damage.
The list below shows common causes of cirrhosis in the United States.2 While chronic hepatitis C and alcohol-related liver disease are the most common causes of cirrhosis, the incidence of cirrhosis caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is rising due to increasing rates of obesity.
Chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is due to a viral infection that causes inflammation, or swelling, and damage to the liver. The hepatitis C virus spreads through contact with infected blood, such as from a needlestick accident, injection drug use, or receiving a blood transfusion before 1992. Less commonly, hepatitis C can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person or at the time of childbirth from an infected mother to her newborn.
Hepatitis C often becomes chronic, with long-term persistence of the viral infection. Chronic hepatitis C causes damage to the liver that, over years or decades, can lead to cirrhosis. Advanced therapies for chronic hepatitis C now exist, and health care providers should treat people with chronic hepatitis C before they develop severe fibrosis or cirrhosis. Unfortunately, many people first realize they have chronic hepatitis C when they develop symptoms of cirrhosis. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, What I need to know about Hepatitis C.
Alcohol-related liver disease. Alcoholism is the second most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States. Most people who consume alcohol do not suffer damage to the liver. However, heavy alcohol use over several years makes a person more likely to develop alcohol-related liver disease. The amount of alcohol it takes to damage the liver varies from person to person. Research suggests that drinking two or fewer drinks a day for women and three or fewer drinks a day for men may not injure the liver.3 Drinking more than these amounts leads to fat and inflammation in the liver, which over 10 to 12 years can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis.4
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In NAFLD, fat builds up in the liver; however, the fat buildup is not due to alcohol use. When the fat accompanies inflammation and liver cell damage, the condition is called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH, with "steato" meaning fat, and "hepatitis" meaning inflammation of the liver. The inflammation and damage can cause fibrosis, which eventually can lead to cirrhosis.
Extra fat in the liver has many causes and is more common in people who
NASH now ranks as the third most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.
Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatitis B, like hepatitis C, is due to a viral infection that causes inflammation and damage to the liver. Chronic infection can lead to damage and inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The hepatitis B virus spreads through contact with infected blood, such as by needlestick accident, injection drug use, or receiving a blood transfusion before the mid-1980s. Hepatitis B also spreads through sexual contact with an infected person and from an infected mother to child during childbirth.
In the United States, hepatitis B is somewhat uncommon, affecting less than 1 percent of the population, or fewer than one in 100 people.5 In many areas of the world, however, hepatitis B is common. In some parts of Africa and in most of Asia and the Pacific Islands, about 5 to 7 percent of the population has chronic hepatitis B. In some parts of Africa, more than 8 percent of the population has chronic hepatitis B.6 For these reasons, hepatitis B is likely the major cause of cirrhosis worldwide. However, in the United States, hepatitis B ranks well behind hepatitis C, alcohol-related liver disease, and NASH.
Therapies for chronic hepatitis B now exist and health care providers should treat people with chronic hepatitis B before they develop severe fibrosis or cirrhosis. Unfortunately, many people first realize they have chronic hepatitis B when they develop symptoms of cirrhosis.
Hepatitis B is also a preventable disease. Since the 1980s, a hepatitis B vaccine has been available and should be given to newborns and children in the United States. Adults at higher risk of getting hepatitis B should also get the vaccine. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics, What I need to know about Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B: What Asian and Pacific Islander Americans Need to Know.
Less common causes of cirrhosis include the following:
Autoimmune hepatitis. In this form of hepatitis, the body's immune system attacks liver cells and causes inflammation, damage, and eventually cirrhosis. Normally, the immune system protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful foreign substances. In autoimmune diseases, the body's immune system attacks the body's own cells and organs. Researchers believe genetics, or inherited genes, may make some people more likely to develop autoimmune diseases. At least 70 percent of those with autoimmune hepatitis are female.7 More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Autoimmune Hepatitis.
Diseases that damage, destroy, or block the bile ducts. Several diseases can damage, destroy, or block the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine, causing bile to back up in the liver and leading to cirrhosis. In adults, the most common of these diseases is primary biliary cirrhosis, a chronic disease that causes the small bile ducts in the liver to become inflamed and damaged and ultimately disappear. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a disease that causes irritation, scarring, and narrowing of the larger bile ducts of the liver.
In infants and children, causes of damage to or disappearance of bile ducts that can lead to cirrhosis include
Long-term blockage of the bile ducts by gallstones can cause cirrhosis. Cirrhosis may also develop if the bile ducts are mistakenly tied off or injured during surgery on the gallbladder or liver.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics:
Inherited diseases that affect the liver. Inherited diseases that interfere with how the liver produces, processes, and stores enzymes, proteins, metals, and other substances can cause cirrhosis. These diseases include alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, galactosemia, and glycogen storage diseases. More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics:
Rare viral infections of the liver. Hepatitis D, or hepatitis delta, and hepatitis E are two rare viral infections of the liver. Hepatitis D infection occurs only in people who have hepatitis B. People infected with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis D are more likely to develop cirrhosis than people infected with chronic hepatitis B alone.9
Hepatitis E is a virus found in domestic and wild animals, particularly pigs, and can cause hepatitis in humans. People with weakened immune systems, including people who are liver or kidney transplant recipients or who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), can develop chronic hepatitis E. Chronic hepatitis E can cause scarring of the liver and cirrhosis. Current treatments for chronic hepatitis D and E are experimental and only partially effective.
Other causes. Other causes of cirrhosis may include
Trauma to the liver or other acute, or short term, causes of damage do not cause cirrhosis. Usually, years of chronic injury are required to cause cirrhosis.
Many people with cirrhosis have no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. However, as the disease progresses, a person may experience the following symptoms:
As the liver fails, complications may develop. In some people, complications may be the first signs of the disease. Complications of cirrhosis may include the following:
Portal hypertension. The portal vein carries blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, gallbladder, and pancreas to the liver. In cirrhosis, scar tissue partially blocks the normal flow of blood, which increases the pressure in the portal vein. This condition is called portal hypertension. Portal hypertension is a common complication of cirrhosis. This condition may lead to other complications, such as
Edema and ascites. Liver failure causes fluid buildup that results in edema and ascites. Ascites can lead to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, a serious infection that requires immediate medical attention.
Varices. Portal hypertension may cause enlarged blood vessels in the esophagus, stomach, or both. These enlarged blood vessels, called esophageal or gastric varices, cause the vessel walls to become thin and blood pressure to increase, making the blood vessels more likely to burst. If they burst, serious bleeding can occur in the esophagus or upper stomach, requiring immediate medical attention.
Splenomegaly. Portal hypertension may cause the spleen to enlarge and retain white blood cells and platelets, reducing the numbers of these cells and platelets in the blood. A low platelet count may be the first evidence that a person has developed cirrhosis.
Hepatic encephalopathy. A failing liver cannot remove toxins from the blood, so they eventually accumulate in the brain. The buildup of toxins in the brain is called hepatic encephalopathy. This condition can decrease mental function and cause stupor and even coma. Stupor is an unconscious, sleeplike state from which a person can only be aroused briefly by a strong stimulus, such as a sharp pain. Coma is an unconscious, sleeplike state from which a person cannot be aroused. Signs of decreased mental function include
Metabolic bone diseases. Some people with cirrhosis develop a metabolic bone disease, which is a disorder of bone strength usually caused by abnormalities of vitamin D, bone mass, bone structure, or minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous. Osteopenia is a condition in which the bones become less dense, making them weaker. When bone loss becomes more severe, the condition is referred to as osteoporosis. People with these conditions are more likely to develop bone fractures.
Gallstones and bile duct stones. If cirrhosis prevents bile from flowing freely to and from the gallbladder, the bile hardens into gallstones. Symptoms of gallstones include abdominal pain and recurrent bacterial cholangitis—irritated or infected bile ducts. Stones may also form in and block the bile ducts, causing pain, jaundice, and bacterial cholangitis.
Bruising and bleeding. When the liver slows the production of or stops producing the proteins needed for blood clotting, a person will bruise or bleed easily.
Sensitivity to medications. Cirrhosis slows the liver's ability to filter medications from the blood. When this slowdown occurs, medications act longer than expected and build up in the body. For example, some pain medications may have a stronger effect or produce more side effects in people with cirrhosis than in people with a healthy liver.
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cirrhosis causes resistance to insulin. The pancreas tries to keep up with the demand for insulin by producing more; however, extra glucose builds up in the bloodstream, causing type 2 diabetes.
Liver cancer. Liver cancer is common in people with cirrhosis. Liver cancer has a high mortality rate. Current treatments are limited and only fully successful if a health care provider detects the cancer early, before the tumor is too large. For this reason, health care providers should check people with cirrhosis for signs of liver cancer every 6 to 12 months. Health care providers use blood tests, ultrasound, or both to check for signs of liver cancer.
Other complications. Cirrhosis can cause immune system dysfunction, leading to an increased chance of infection. Cirrhosis can also cause kidney and lung failure, known as hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndromes.
A health care provider usually diagnoses cirrhosis based on the presence of conditions that increase its likelihood, such as heavy alcohol use or obesity, and symptoms. A health care provider may test for cirrhosis based on the presence of these conditions alone because many people do not have symptoms in the early stages of the disease. A health care provider may confirm the diagnosis with
Medical and family history. Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a health care provider may do to help diagnose cirrhosis. He or she will ask the patient to provide a medical and family history.
Physical exam. A physical exam may help diagnose cirrhosis. During a physical exam, a health care provider usually
The health care provider will perform a physical exam to look for signs of the disease. For example, the liver may feel hard or ascites may cause the abdomen to enlarge.
Blood test. A blood test involves drawing blood at a health care provider's office or a commercial facility and sending the sample to a lab for analysis. Blood tests can show abnormal liver enzyme levels or abnormal numbers of blood cells or platelets.
Blood tests can help find the cause in people with diagnosed cirrhosis. For example, a health care provider may use blood tests to diagnose hepatitis B and C.
Health care providers use three blood tests to measure the severity of cirrhosis:
The results of these blood tests are used to calculate the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Experts developed the MELD score to predict the 90-day survival rate of people with end-stage liver disease. MELD scores usually range between 6 and 40, with a score of 6 indicating the best likelihood of 90-day survival. The MELD score is used to determine whether a person is eligible for liver transplantation.
Imaging tests. Imaging tests can show signs of advanced cirrhosis, such as irregularities in the liver surface, gastric varices, and splenomegaly. These tests can also detect signs of complications, such as ascites and liver cancer.
Liver biopsy. A liver biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a piece of liver tissue for examination with a microscope for signs of damage or disease. The health care provider may ask the patient to stop taking certain medications temporarily before the liver biopsy. The health care provider may ask the patient to fast for 8 hours before the procedure.
During the procedure, the patient lies on a table, right hand resting above the head. The health care provider applies a local anesthetic to the area where he or she will insert the biopsy needle. If needed, a health care provider will also give sedatives and pain medication. The health care provider uses a needle to take a small piece of liver tissue. He or she may use ultrasound, CT scans, or other imaging techniques to guide the needle. After the biopsy, the patient must lie on the right side for up to 2 hours and is monitored an additional 2 to 4 hours before being sent home.
A health care provider performs a liver biopsy at a hospital or an outpatient center. The health care provider sends the liver sample to a pathology lab, where the pathologist—a doctor who specializes in diagnosing diseases—looks at the tissue with a microscope and sends a report to the patient's health care provider.
A liver biopsy can confirm the diagnosis of cirrhosis; however, a person does not always need this test. A health care provider will perform a biopsy if the result might help determine the cause or affect treatment. Sometimes a health care provider finds a cause of liver damage other than cirrhosis during biopsy.
A liver biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a piece of liver tissue for examination with a microscope for signs of damage or disease.
Treatment for cirrhosis depends on the cause of the disease and whether complications are present. In the early stages of cirrhosis, the goals of treatment are to slow the progression of tissue scarring in the liver and prevent complications. As cirrhosis progresses, a person may need additional treatments and hospitalization to manage complications. Treatment may include the following:
People with cirrhosis should not drink any alcohol or take any illegal substances, as both will cause more liver damage.
People with cirrhosis should be careful about starting new medications and should consult a health care provider before taking prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, or vitamins. People with cirrhosis should avoid complementary and alternative medications, such as herbs.
Cirrhosis slows the liver's ability to filter medications from the blood. When this slowdown occurs, medications act longer than expected and build up in the body. Some medications and vitamins may also affect liver function.
All people with cirrhosis should consider vaccination against hepatitis A and B. An infection with one of these hepatitis viruses can cause cirrhosis to get worse. Vaccination can easily prevent both infections.
People with cirrhosis should also get a screening blood test for hepatitis C.
Health care providers can treat some causes of cirrhosis, for example, by prescribing antiviral medications for hepatitis B and C. In some instances, these medications cure the viral infection. Health care providers treat autoimmune hepatitis with corticosteroids and other medications that suppress the immune system. Health care providers can treat hemochromatosis and Wilson disease—inherited forms of liver disease caused by the buildup of iron or copper in the liver—if detected early. Health care providers usually treat liver diseases due to blockage or loss of bile ducts with ursodiol (Actigall, Urso). Ursodiol is a nontoxic bile acid that people can take orally. Ursodiol replaces the bile acids that are normally produced by the liver, which are toxic and build up in the liver when the bile ducts are blocked.
Itching and abdominal pain. A health care provider may give medications to treat various symptoms of cirrhosis, such as itching and abdominal pain.
Portal hypertension. A health care provider may prescribe a beta-blocker or nitrate to treat portal hypertension. Beta-blockers lower blood pressure by helping the heart beat slower and with less force, and nitrates relax and widen blood vessels to let more blood flow to the heart and reduce the heart's workload.
Varices. Beta-blockers can lower the pressure in varices and reduce the likelihood of bleeding. Bleeding in the stomach or esophagus requires an immediate upper endoscopy. This procedure involves using an endoscope—a small, flexible tube with a light—to look for varices. The health care provider may use the endoscope to perform a band ligation, a procedure that involves placing a special rubber band around the varices that causes the tissue to die and fall off. A gastroenterologist—a doctor who specializes in digestive diseases—performs the procedure at a hospital or an outpatient center. People who have had varices in the past may need to take medication to prevent future episodes.
Edema and ascites. Health care providers prescribe diuretics—medications that remove fluid from the body—to treat edema and ascites. A health care provider may remove large amounts of ascitic fluid from the abdomen and check for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A health care provider may prescribe bacteria-fighting medications called antibiotics to prevent infection. He or she may prescribe oral antibiotics; however, severe infection with ascites requires intravenous (IV) antibiotics.
Hepatic encephalopathy. A health care provider treats hepatic encephalopathy by cleansing the bowel with lactulose, a laxative given orally or as an enema—a liquid put into the rectum. A health care provider may also add antibiotics to the treatment. Hepatic encephalopathy may improve as other complications of cirrhosis are controlled.
Hepatorenal syndrome. Some people with cirrhosis who develop hepatorenal syndrome must undergo regular dialysis treatment, which filters wastes and extra fluid from the body by means other than the kidneys. People may also need medications to improve blood flow through the kidneys.
Osteoporosis. A health care provider may prescribe bisphosphonate medications to improve bone density.
Gallstones and bile duct stones. A health care provider may use surgery to remove gallstones. He or she may use endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which uses balloons and basketlike devices, to retrieve the bile duct stones.
Liver cancer. A health care provider may recommend screening tests every 6 to 12 months to check for signs of liver cancer. Screening tests can find cancer before the person has symptoms of the disease. Cancer treatment is usually more effective when the health care provider finds the disease early. Health care providers use blood tests, ultrasound, or both to screen for liver cancer in people with cirrhosis. He or she may treat cancer with a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
A health care provider may consider a liver transplant when cirrhosis leads to liver failure or treatment for complications is ineffective. Liver transplantation is surgery to remove a diseased or an injured liver and replace it with a healthy whole liver or part of a liver from another person, called a donor.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Liver Transplantation.
A healthy diet is important in all stages of cirrhosis because malnutrition is common in people with this disease. Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients. Cirrhosis may lead to malnutrition because it can cause
Health care providers can recommend a meal plan that is well balanced and provides enough calories and protein. If ascites develops, a health care provider or dietitian may recommend a sodium-restricted diet. To improve nutrition, the health care provider may prescribe a liquid supplement. A person may take the liquid by mouth or through a nasogastric tube—a tiny tube inserted through the nose and throat that reaches into the stomach.
A person with cirrhosis should not eat raw shellfish, which can contain a bacterium that causes serious infection. Cirrhosis affects the immune system, making people with cirrhosis more likely than healthy people to develop an infection after eating shellfish that contain this bacterium.
A health care provider may recommend calcium and vitamin D supplements to help prevent osteoporosis.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and support research into many diseases and conditions.
What are clinical trials, and are they right for you?Clinical trials are part of clinical research and at the heart of all medical advances. Clinical trials look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease. Researchers also use clinical trials to look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses. Find out if clinical trials are right for you.
What clinical trials are open?Clinical trials that are currently open and are recruiting can be viewed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
This information may contain content about medications and, when taken as prescribed, the conditions they treat. When prepared, this content included the most current information available. For updates or for questions about any medications, contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration toll-free at 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332) or visit www.fda.gov. Consult your health care provider for more information.
The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this document are used only because they are considered necessary in the context of the information provided. If a product is not mentioned, the omission does not mean or imply that the product is unsatisfactory.
This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings through its clearinghouses and education programs to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.
The NIDDK would like to thank:Bruce A. Runyon, M.D., Loma Linda University Medical Center; Gregory Gores, M.D., and Jayant A. Talwalkar, M.D., M.P.H., both from the Mayo Clinic
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April 2014
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Despite the 8 inches of snow outside and my perennial symptoms of seasonal depression, I know life is gonna get good again real soon. Pitchers and catchers for the majority of Major League Baseball reported today and with that I know that the smell of hot dogs, the aftertaste of Miller Lite and the dizzying effects of indigestion are right around the corner. Yes, baseball is upon us folks. Soon I will be at arms with most everyone in this city (Chicago). I will be banned (again) from many a bar in Wrigleyville. Yes. I will live again.
Three cheers for:
Which brings me to my next point: Expectations. Despite his inferior team affiliation, Allen is right in that he has something to be excited about. The Tigers loaded their team with big money bats and big money arms. And while the Cubs, Astros, Brewers and Reds went out and got big name talent (Fukudome, Tejada, Cameron, Baker and many more), the St. Louis Cardinals, the most decorated team in the National League with 10 World Series championships, led by rookie GM John Mozeliak, did practically nothing. Oh wait, no…
I'm wrong. We got rid of Rolen. That's okay. I'm not upset about that (I'm not being sarcastic, really). Scotty Ro-Ro, let's face it, will never be the Scotty Ro-Ro of 2004, 2005. We got the better end of the deal with Glaus, with or without HGH. Good luck against that Boston pitching staff.
Jimmy Edmonds. Adios, pal. It was a good run. I'll love you forever for that bomb you hit in Game 6 of the 2004 NLCS. That was heaven, man. My cousin Holly will miss you very much because she thinks you're super cute.
Eckstein. Dude. You shouldn't have played us. We wanted you to stay, but you overplayed your hand. And now look…you play in Toronto. Good luck against that Boston pitching staff.
Encarnacion. Man, I hope your eye gets better. I hope you can get back in the batter's box but I'll understand if you never do again–ever. I wouldn't. At least you have workman's comp.
Additions? Welcome to the team Matt Clement. I think this was a ridiculous move but I thought that about an ailing Chris Carpenter several years ago and was proven drastically wrong. I hope this is a repeat. Welcome Cezar Itzuris. He's no Ozzie Smith (or Eckstein) for that matter, but he'll fill a gap until Brendan Ryan is ready to be the Superstar everyone thinks he'll be. And at least Cezar isn't a Cub anymore, right? I already talked about Troy Glaus. Welcome, Troy. Keep the needles outside of the clubhouse and don't I REPEAT DON'T write a personal check to any of the clubhouse coolies for your drugs like my man Lo Duca.
When we come down to it, the Cards didn't do much to excite their fans in the offseason. Maybe it's true that we've been spoiled for the last ten years, expecting, KNOWING, we'll finish at or near the top. We're not ready to accept an offseason as a 'rebuilding' year. No, not with Albert in the lineup. But the fact of the matter is, our pitching is scary. Sure, the bullpen looks solid still, but after Wainwright at the top we run into some major worries. (Uncle Iggy, get out the beer) Looper proved to be a pleasant surprise as a starter. If he does half of what he did last year we'll be happy. Piniero has promise. The National League did him some good last year, but I think that may wear off as hitters get to know him. Even in the AL, he was a modicum of mediocrity, just what we don't need. I hope I'm wrong on this one. Then we get into really REALLY scary territory: Clement and ???
Matt Clement has a lot to prove. Having been off for so long, there are a lot of disbelievers (myself included). I will say that I hated this guy when he was a Cub. Hated him–almost as much as Zambrano and Neifi Perez, the ultimate Cardinal Killer. I give Clement until mid May. If he has a 500 record and a sub 4.50 ERA, I'll say it was a decent move.
As for the fifth spot in the rotation, we're picking at the bottom of the barrel. In theory, I like Reyes. But I want the Anthony Reyes who pitched that brilliant Game 1 of the 2006 World Series. I want the guy who had Sheffield and I-Rod buckling at the knees. I want the guy who blew us away with his 2005 debut. I want that Reyes, not the guy who went 2-14 with a 6+ ERA. Please, not THAT GUY. I do gotta give props to the guy's style:
So, what else can I say? Do the Cardinals look like the team to beat in the NL Central this year? Maybe not. But I got two words for you: Albert Pujols. The guy is a rock. Oh, and two more words: Chris Carpenter. He'll be back by the All-Star game. Oh, and two more: Mark Mulder. He'll be back too. Oh, and two syllables: YA-DI. Molina, for his game-winning blast that put us in the '06 WS, will always be a catalyst for winning to me. And nobody hustles more than Taguchi. And nobody has a better story that Ankiel. And Colby Rasmus is on the way. The guy is gonna be perennial MVP candidate. And Chris Duncan, the ugliest greatest ballplayer in St. Louis since Willie McGee will provide lots of fun.
So…yes, I'm excited. We play in the NL Central. Anything could happen. I love this *******' game.
7 Comments
Jeffy, at this moment, you have the best post so far with this in depth synopsis of the season to come.
Allen, what's up with the blue team?
I actually like the Clement deal. Remember, his stuff is great. I'd argue that his issues have been mental, which is understandable when you take a line drive off the head.
Clement put up great numbers in 2005 with the Red Sox for the first half of the season, and looked like he was going to dominate. Unfortunately, taking one off the bean changes a guy.
But you've got him held to a million and a half deal. For a guy with stuff that good, he's well worth it. And if you're feeling bad about it, just remember that you could been that other Missouri team and signed the immortal Gil Meche to a 5 year 55 million deal.
Feel better yet?
Madhattr84, you make a good point. And I'm glad you did because it makes me feel a little bit better. It doesn't take all the worry away though, because anytime a guy sits out an entire year there are bound to be major question marks. Like I said, I hated him when he was Cub because he always found a way to make the Cardinals look retarded at the plate. We signed him for pennies, so if it doesn't work out, at least we won't be losing much. With very few major free agent starters on the market this year, there wasn't much to choose from; but during the Jocketty years, we STL fans got real used to the "Big" offseason move. And it didn't happen this year.
Clement is the new Rick Ankiel, except he can't play in the out-field. The only thing the cardinals have to look forward to in the next 7 years is Mark McAndrogel falling off the HoF Ballot. I'm willing to bet on the yellow (Pirates) out winning the red this year. That said, I was counting on the Mets to sail off into the sunset last september, not careen against the sun and implode, so what do I know??… except of course #57 Santana is my new Dedalus against further Icarus Met Worries.
And come on.. Gil Meche… man that's my cracka! I struck out 26 batters with him on MLB 2K7(ranked XBOX LIVE) , its hard to hit a fast slow-ball.
HI!! Hey I did this for the heck of it! Love Ya Jeffy! Secret and I are doin good! Cant Wait for Leslie, and all of us to be together! Go Cards! Go OBAMA!!! LOVE YA AND HAPPY V-DAY!!
Sis and Secret
Keep up the good work and GO CARDINALS!!!!!!!
I would like to see what Santana's batting stance looks like, Sauceblade. That will be entertaining, I'm sure.


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Events » Family & Youth Programs » Stories in the Afternoon
Stories in the Afternoon
Family Portrait, c. 1670-75
Jacob Ochtervelt
Dutch, 1634-1682
Oil on canvas
36-1/8 x 31-1/8 in. (91.8 x 79.1 cm)
The Norton Simon Foundation
Celebrating Family
Date: Sunday, December 29, 2013
Time: 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm
Educator: Museum Educator
Type: Stories in the Afternoon
The holidays are a time to celebrate with family and loved ones. Spend an afternoon in the galleries exploring pictures of families in the Norton Simon collections, and make a family portrait to share during the holidays.
Meets in Entrance Gallery | Free with admission. This activity is designed for families with children ages 4-8. | No reservations needed


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After a long time stalking everybody posts on NB , i finally decided to join u pll in yours conversations.
Take care and cya soon ))
Welcome to the base!
~Global Rules~
~How To's~
~Frequently asked questions~
~How to RolePlay~
U Stalker
welcome to NarutoBase !!
Have fun and don't forget to read the rules :D
i only have 1 question....do u like The Fourth Hokage?
Greetings and welcome to the forums I do hope you enjoy your stay !
Welcome to the base.
Here's a quick link to get you started ^_^
Welcome to NB!!
I hope you enjoy your stay :D
Welcome to NB :D
wow thx for the warm welcoming. Everybody telling me to read the rules :s , and im obeying rule no. 4 .Those who have mastered byakugou are allowed to break all the above rules
-NB Rules, Info and FAQ- -Pm me for Help-
Forum Rules


text: I am pumping using the Medela Swing. My first time after about 15 minutes I got 1/2 oz and the second time 1 oz. Now I am not getting anything! My milk lets down but after the initial let down, nothing. I am pumping to increase milk supply and provide supplementing. I only pump after he has eaten his fill. I am very concerned about milk supply as my LO (15 days) is 5oz below his birthweight. The dr. said if he isn't up to his birhtweight next week she is going to recommend supplementing with formula!


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A Stockton, California, man is under arrest after leading police on a four-hour chase through residential streets in a stolen truck full of scrap metal.
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From 2010 through 2012 to enhance speeds, reliability and performance for customers. Expanded 4G Coverage, New Cell Sites and Boosted Capacity Drive Improved Customer Experience AT&T invested more than $30 million in its Tyler area wireless and wireline networks from 2010 through 2012, with a focus on expanding 4G mobile Internet coverage and enhancing …
Tag Archive: AT&T Regional Director east texas
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/att-invested-more-than-30-million-in-tyler-area/
Feb 27 2013
AT&T, UT Tyler partner to provide funding to students
AT&T and The University of Texas at Tyler will provide a financial boost to a program aimed at increasing the number of highly qualified math and science teachers. AT&T will contribute $20,000, which will be matched by UT Tyler, to the UTEACH Scholars Program, according to a university news release. The program, which started at …
Permanent link to this article: http://www.easttexasreview.com/att-ut-tyler-partner-to-provide-funding-to-students/


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Tag Archives: Matt Werner
Bay Area Underground: A cornucopia of sub-cultures
Two local lads — Matt Werner, a Cal English grad who now works at Google, and Joe Sciarrillo who is studying for his masters at Cal — have published a book that embraces many of the Bay Area's "big" moments of the past five years, be it the Occupy protests or the Giants winning the World Series. A smattering of those events took place in Berkeley, as the photos here show. We caught up with co-author Matt Werner to find out more about 'Bay Area Underground.'
What is Bay Area Underground about?
Bay Area Underground is a photobook featuring candid images of life in the San Francisco Bay Area from 2008-2012. The photos invite readers to revisit key moments that have defined living in the Bay Area during the Great Recession. The book captures the major social movements and cultural events in the Bay Area over the last five years from the Giants winning the World Series to the Bay to Breakers. It's also one of the first books to cover Occupy Oakland and Occupy San Francisco, as well as the Oscar Grant protests in Oakland. … Continue reading »


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Lucky's plans to open market in Longmont
- published_in
- Today's News
The 26,000-square-foot market at 700 Ken Pratt Blvd. in Parkway Center, expected to open in early 2013, is the second market for the Lucky's brand. The first is a market and cafe that has been open in North Boulder for nearly a decade and recently added a bakehouse and creamery.
Blackfox Parkway Associates is renovating and renaming the center Parkway Promenade to accommodate a number of new retailers. Lucky's will be the main anchor.
The market will feature natural foods and local products including locally grown produce and meats. The supermarket also will have a full-service liquor store.
"I am excited to bring our product, service and ethic to this community,´ said Lucky's owner Bo Sharon. "We recognize Longmont's demand for quality locally-sourced foods and will be a one-stop shop for everything they need. Additionally, I am happy to be able to offer growth opportunities to my loyal staff of nearly a decade as this new store will create nearly 100 new jobs."
Michael DePalma and Sean Kulzer of SullivanHayes represented the owner as brokers, and Michael Ruiz of The Hart Team LLC represented Lucky's in negotiations of the lease.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|January 15, 2014 09:01 AM EST
TORONTO, Jan. 15, 2014 /CNW/ -
|CT Real Estate Investment Trust ("CT REIT") (TSX: CRT.UN) to release 2013 period end results and host an earnings conference call
|Wednesday, February 12, 2014 at 9:00 a.m. ET
|Call details:
|416-340-2216 or 866-223-7781
|The conference call will be webcast live in its entirety at 9:00 a.m. ET at www.ctreit.com in the "Events and Webcast" section under "News and Events" and will be archived for 12 months.
A conference call replay will be available at 905-694-9451 or
Pass code: 4330826 (available until March 14, 2014)
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I Downloaded Fruity Loops Two Days Ago And Now...
Posted 24 January 2007 - 07:27 AM
Anyway, some of the better beats I have uploaded onto a temporary MySpace, if anyone's interested. Give my music your time.
Btw 'Patlib' is not my artist name - I haven't thought of one yet, I just called it the first thing i thought of.
Posted 24 January 2007 - 09:03 AM
If I were you I would start sampling percussion so I could fix those snares/claps/snaps
Posted 24 January 2007 - 11:21 AM
i do sample some of the percussion. i've only been using it for two days, i don't have a library of percussion. plus i've only had this computer a couple of weeks; i don't have much music on it.
not bad
If I were you I would start sampling percussion so I could fix those snares/claps/snaps
also, do you mean that i should fix the claps? i like the claps; homage to dilla.
Posted 24 January 2007 - 01:41 PM
Posted 24 January 2007 - 09:13 PM
Posted 25 January 2007 - 03:47 AM
Posted 25 January 2007 - 03:50 AM
yeh, i had lanquidity on my computer and i just started listened to the first track at random and sampled that. then i looked at the next track, and the next track. every song on that album has a really nice feel to it. and the horn on hello horns is from cosmos yeh.
not terrible. hello horns has the melody from carl sagan's cosmos. i think what dude was trying to say about the claps is the'yre a little harsh and computery sounding. maybe try EQing out some of the mids. spark is from sun ra--my fav track on lanquidity. patlib sounds like a sun ra melody too. the drums on onethreo208 are the best part of any of your beats. buttery, dirty, not too harsh--very pleasing to the ears. but the melody is a little redundant. maybe throw a bassline or harmony in there...
Posted 29 January 2007 - 11:47 PM
Posted 30 January 2007 - 03:52 AM
Posted 30 January 2007 - 08:28 PM
Nice sounds, a lot better than I sounded with it when I first got it.
Posted 30 January 2007 - 08:30 PM
Posted 04 February 2007 - 11:12 AM
also, if anyone would like to mc over one of my beats please feel free, i'd really appreciate it. and if you do could you send me a complete version. thanks.
Posted 05 February 2007 - 11:32 AM
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Now that spring is upon us and we're ready to don lightweight fabrics, I researched bamboo as an alternative to environmentally unfriendly cotton. What I discovered reinforced the fact that it's often really, really befuddling to make sustainable choices.
Bamboo, technically a grass, grows quickly and abundantly without pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers. Its substantial root system helps prevent run-off and soil erosion. It absorbs five times the amount of carbon dioxide and produces 35 percent more oxygen than an equivalent stand of trees. It's 100% biodegradable and doesn't produce pollutants like methane while it biodegrades. A truly organic fiber, right?
Wrong. While it's ecologically kind to the planet as it grows, when humans try to transform the plant into a shirt, trouble starts. Bamboo can be processed mechanically, using enzymes to break down the wood into pulp, which is then spun into yarn. That process is more labor intensive and more expensive than chemical manufacturing, the preferred process which, unfortunately for us consumers and other living organisms, uses sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and the primary ingredient in Drano; and carbon disulfide, a chemical linked to serious health problems such as nerve damage. Visit
organicclothingblog.com for a full description of chemical manufacturing.
In 2009, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) charged four companies with violating the Textile Act and Rules. The companies claimed that they used "environmentally friendly methods" to manufacture bamboo, while in truth the bamboo fabric was no different from rayon, "a man-made fiber created from the cellulose found in plants and trees and processed with a harsh chemical that releases hazardous air pollutants," according to the FTC.
Once again we face a familiar conundrum in our attempts to make sustainable choices—weigh the various pros (the growing of bamboo) against the cons (chemical manufacturing) and then compare our findings to the environmental footprint of other fibers like organic cotton. Why does it have to be so hard?
I resist the urge to give up. There is a way to circumvent a system that offers few viable choices and reclaim a sustainable wardrobe.
1. Buy less. If you're like me, you have more clothing in your closet(s) at this moment than your grandmother had in her entire lifetime. Do you really need another T-shirt?
2. Wear what's already here. Support thrift shops or have a clothing swap with friends and family.
3. Refashion your clothes by cutting up old garments and recombining the pieces, a hip trend on the cutting-edge fashion scene. Instead of wasting your time shopping, you could be creating unique garments and bypassing the dysfunctional system that gives us mostly toxic choices. In 2010, Barryville artist (and my friend) Daria Dorosh, PhD, created FliP™ , Fashion Lab in Process, which shows consumers how to do it. "The lab's concept is to help tackle sustainability issues by revaluing overflow and unwanted fashion in a highly creative way, simultaneously developing and promoting other ideas about fashion, ecological balance and fashion job creation. Visit psychologytoday.com/blog/sensoria/201010/re-made-in-america and fashionlabinprocess.com/index.html.


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I'm privileged to own the book, "Six Miles to the Windmill," by Annie King Greaves. It's her personal recollections from 1908-1913.
She tells about this ice cream social. Frank rode 12 miles to invite the neighbors, and they spread the word by riding on out to their neighbors.
Don drove a big team of red mules 21 miles to town, leaving before sunup to get 300 hundred pounds of ice and return at sunset.
About 30 people showed up with gallon buckets, milk, eggs and cake. The men took turns with the freezing while the children played games, and they'd yell for everyone to come get more ice cream when the next batch was ready.
She says this went on into the "small hours of the morning," when the wagons were loaded, and sleeping children were nestled into quilts for the ride home. Everyone was happy because they'd had ice cream at least once that summer.
And that's what our families were doing 100 years ago on the in Roosevelt County.
I'm so proud of them. I think they were amazing people to roll our here in covered wagons and establish such wonderful little communities.
Make some homemade ice cream in their honor this summer.
Sandy keeps an online journal at her website www.field-days.com. E-mail her at email@example.com.


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A great job for daydreamers
October 2, 2013 —
HAWLEY, PA — It's a rare workday in glass cutter Kathy LaTournous' studio when the air isn't filled with the sound of big band music or an audio book in the telling. LaTournous says that listening to music or a good story provides a distraction from the physical hardships of her painstaking and repetitive precision work. Her father, Raymond, told her early on during her seven-year apprenticeship with him that glass cutting was a great job for daydreamers—the mind is free to wander while the hands do their work.
Glass cutting is both art and craft. LaTournous explains the process. First she studies her "blank," the unadorned glass object on which she will cut her design. Next she conceives a design on paper that will highlight and complement the contours of the blank. Then she does a freehand drawing of the design on the blank, using a wax crayon, pen, or stylus dipped in latex paint. And finally, she cuts the design into the blank using a wet stone wheel and lathe. This last step means hours of work hunched over the wheel, holding and turning the blank until the design is uniformly cut into it. These days, hand fatigue limits her work at the stone to four to five hours per day.
LaTournous' art is entwined with love. Following her apprenticeship with her father, she partnered with him for over 30 years, producing some of the most beautiful original light-cut glass in the world. Hand-drawn botanical patterns, including floral, fern, rye and cattail designs, adorn many of the vases, pitchers, trays and candlesticks for which the father-daughter team is famous. Her father has two sons who also inherited the family's artistic genes, but LaTournous states with unabashed pride that she is the only one of his three children to follow him into the family business, which traces its glass decorating skills to 18th century France. And she emphasizes that no other aspect of her art has been as satisfying as working beside her father.


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- The author contacted me and asked if I'd be interested in checking this one out. I agreed because I enjoy Fantasy and it was getting great reviews.
I also recommend:
- The Crown Conspiracy by Michael Sullivan
Summary from GoodReads:
Nikalys and his sister Kenders grew up living a peaceful life in the quiet farming village of Yellow Mud… until the blistering hot day when they go to the nearby lake for a swim. When they reach the lake, they spy an unknown mage conjure a massive water creature hundreds of feet tall. They watch in horror as the water creature plunges toward their home, apparently drowning all in its path, including their parents and older brother, Jak.
(Read the rest of the summary on GoodReads here)
My Review:
I don't normally read and review self-published books, but when Mr. Kaelin contacted me with the pitch for Progeny (and after seeing numerous five star reviews – and a few one star) I decided to give this one a go. My package arrived complete with Progeny bookmark and business cards and a bright, shiny, HUGE book.
Overall, I was not disappointed by Progeny. On a scale of 1-5 I'd give it a solid 3 1/2 stars. There were things that needed fixing, but there were some masterful parts of the story as well and, let's face it, it's hard work writing a high fantasy novel the size and length of this one.
In a way, Kaelin's magic system reminded me of Brandon Sanderson. It was thrilling, unique and very interesting and came across as well thought out. A thorough explanation provided in the story, as well as an Appendix, helped with grasping its intricacies as well as made certain parts of the story even more astounding. I think that the magic system was the best part of this book and will be enough to keep me reading to see if Kaelin has made improvements to the style of the story in Book 2.
So what needed improvements? The length. It was much too long, and much of that was travel time, endless repeating of the background of the characters (we know most of it, we don't need to hear it retold), some editing errors here and there (pg 627, second to last paragraph for example), and the pace was just too slow. It is possible to give the illusion of time passing without spelling out the endless meals, talks and flirting? of the characters with one another. I felt as if there was this huge story just simmering beneath, this massive conflict, but the book gave me 500 pages of set-up with very little actual action that fit with the storyline.
And I don't even want to talk about the history that came with the introduction of the character Nundle (whom I loved, the history lesson.. I did not). That soon into the story, when the reader is so overwhelmed with everything, it just induces yawns and made me want to skip over the whole thing.
But I did love the characters! I found Nundle to be perfectly cast, given that he's a halfling. I found Broedi to be intimidating and comforting at the same time. I'm harboring a bit of a crush on Sargeant Trell, and I loved seeing Zecus come into his own. Sabine was a bit of an annoying distraction, I have to admit, but the addition of Helene made for some great comedic moments.
And most of all, the siblings. I found the bond between Jak, Nik and Kenders to be tightly woven and I admit to even shedding a tear now and then when circumstances and fate seemed to want to play with them more than was necessary.
Overall, Progeny is a promising beginning for R.T. Kaelin, and I'll be looking for his second book, with the hopes that some of the things I've talked about here will be addressed. I'm sure he's heard them from more than me – and as this was his first venture, it shows great promise!
Check these reviews!


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