text:
ICT in Ghana
The ICT Manual is meant to be a guide for constructing and organizing a computer lab from breaking ground to efficiently networking computers.
- What do I need to do to effectively dual boot Windows and Ubuntu every time on a computer?
- 1 Unit 1 - Computer Lab Construction
- 2 Unit 2 - Organizing a Lab
- 3 Unit 3 - Teaching
- 4 Unit 4 - Sustainability
- 5 Unit 5 - Appendix
Unit 1 - Computer Lab Construction
Action Plan
Forming a Computer Lab Committee
I'm coming.
Computer labs are very expensive. In addition to the initial cost of the computers and lab equipment, there are significant maintenance costs. Therefore, before you even begin, you need to figure out how you will pay for the lab in the long run. A separate and transparent bank account needs to be created for the computer program only. One member of the computer lab committee, usually a counterpart, and yourself should be designated as co-signers to the account and both shall sign all checks for any withdrawal or monies.
Student Fees
In many secondary schools, the students pay an annual ICT fee. Consult with the PTA and school board to determine if the school fees can be used and/or if additional fees shall be collected. As for junior high schools, fees will have to be collected directly from them since there traditionally is not an ICT fee to draw from.
Typically, it is a heavy burden for students and parents to bare the entire cost of constructing, or even renovating, a computer laboratory. Therefore, you must contact every available resource to help supplement the cost that students and parents cannot fill. You can ask donations from the local chief, the district assembly, alumni of the school (works for JHS level also), philanthropic community members and collections at church services. What is more, organizing a fund raising event at the school will increase community involvement and solicit the help of the community to donate materials or volunteer their services. Lastly, you can request funds via grants from the Ministry of Education, USAID, the Peace Corps Partnership Program (PCPP), the Peace Corps Small Projects Assistance Program (SPA), and various NGOs.
Building Requirements
Obviously, the first thing you need to do is to decide where the new lab will be located. The computer lab can be housed in its own building, a renovated existing building or room, or attached to an existing building utilizing the use of an existing (fourth) wall, which saves money. Prior to confirming a location, ensure that the new space can sufficiently accommodate the table space needed for all of the computers you wish to have (including space for additional computers in the future). If you are unsure, designate 3 feet of desk space per computer as a rule of thumb.
Voltage Regulator/Stabilizer
You should install voltage stabilizers to prevent voltage fluctuations from damaging your computers. Electronic voltage regulators operate by comparing the actual output voltage to some internal fixed reference voltage. Any difference is amplified and used to control the regulation element in such a way as to reduce the voltage error. If you cannot afford voltage regulators, you can use surge protectors. Be aware of the fact that surge protectors are simple fuses that 'blow' when the voltage and current go very high. They will not protect your computers from voltage levels that are slightly higher than normal. Over time, higher voltages will wear down the circuits in your computers.
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
It is best to have computers, especially when working on important files, connected to a UPS. A UPS contains a battery that will supply power to a computer instantaneously for a few minutes when there is a power failure. This window of time provides you with the opportunity to save files and turn off the computer correctly. If you do not have a UPS, you can lose data or even damage the hard disk of a computer due to repeated 'abrupt' shutdowns. Unfortunately, UPS are far more expensive then voltage regulators.
Power Distribution
After designating the room or building, you will have to determine how much power each item dissipates. It is generally provided in terms of watts or VA (voltage * amp) on the back of the computer. Occasionally, the value for current is provided. If this is the case, you can use the following approximation to calculate dissipation: Power = 1/2 * Voltage * Current
Or you can use the values in the table below.
|Power Dissipation (Watts=VA)
|Desktop Computer (System Unit and Monitor)
|Laptop Computer
|Air Conditioning
|750 to 3000
|200 (guess)
Deciding on the Number of Phases
If you look outside, at the power lines, you see a number of lines moving form pole to pole, think of each of these as the different main lines (or phases) that can possibly come to your facility. Most houses need only one phase, but your facility, depending on what you have in there may need more than one phase. The capacity of each line is somewhere around 4000 W. This number is difficult to calculate. It can vary a lot depending on where you are relative to other users. the main line fuse provided by VRA is 100 A. A conservative estimate to use per phase is 4000 W. Trying to use anything higher than that over a long period of time, you will start to have problems.
Additionally, when you are working with high power items like refrigerators and air conditioners, you have to consider the transients that occur at start up. When items like these are switched on, they initially absorb a lot of power then quickly dissipate. The dissipation numbers listed above can actually appear twice as large during start up. If you do not take this into account and do not leave some flexibility, then your air conditioner may blow the fuses of other appliances when switched on. Therefore, make sure to calculate for some margin of power fluctuation.
Circuit Definitions
After deciding how many phases you will need for your facility, you will have to allocate the equipment into smaller circuits. This is a good idea because it helps isolate problems when they occur. Additionally, it is an inexpensive extra level of protection against unforeseen events. If something unfortunate were to happen, it will only be channeled to some computers and not all. It would be wise to allocate the air conditioner its own circuit.
Wire Capacity
As stated in the beginning, make sure that every part of your circuit is capable of carrying the power within the circuit. This includes the capacity of the wires that connect the sockets to the 4-way switch. The circuit capacity for wires are shown below. These are conservative values and keep in mind that the wire at the beginning of a series of components is carrying more current than the wire at the end of the series.
|Wire Cross-sectional Area (millimeters squared)
|Current (A)
Adequate grounding is another means of providing cheap protection to your equipment within the facility. It is especially important in electronic equipment as voltage spikes can easily cause damage. to ensure that you have adequate grounding in your facility look at the three power poles closest to your building. Just to clarify, I don't mean the three that are physically closest, but the three closest oles that are supporting the phases of power that are coming into your room. On one of these three poles there should be a thick wire running down the length of the pole and disappearing into the ground. If this wire is not present on one of these poles, your room will not be adequately grounded. If you contact VRA, they should come and install the grounding wire, which should be for free because it is necessary for their system.
Air conditioning is ideal for any computer lab, especially in Ghana. Air conditioning lowers the temperature and humidity of the room, which can easily damage the fragile components of a computer. It also allows you to keep the windows closed to reduce the amount of dust entering the room. With heat, humidity and dust being the main catalyst in the death of many computers in Ghana, AC is ideal but is not always realistic. This is due to the upfront cost of purchasing an air conditioner and its installation, but more importantly, the residual cost of electricity to continuously power it. An even though students are absent from the class, the AC still needs to be on to eradicate the omnipresent heat and humidity in Ghana. However, fans are a viable option. It does lower the temperature in a room, but it does not reduce the amount of humidity or dust in a room, even with the windows closed.
Location, location, location. That is the most important aspect in security. Wherever you place your lab, make sure it is in a well-lit and highly visible area to prevent hawking. Next, you will need to install metal bars for added security around the windows of the computer room and a metal gate or sturdy door. You should have at least half-inch (0.5 in) diameter bars with a maximum spacing of one foot between adjacent horizontal and vertical bars, which are cemented into the building. Furthermore, some schools elect to hire a security guard or watchman who prevent thieves form surpassing the gated bars and door by penetrating the roof of a building, which is not as well-constructed as roofs in America.
Desks and Tables
It is in your best interest to create a floor plan of the furniture prior to hiring a carpenter. This will ensure that their is sufficient desk space being mindful of the 3 feet of desk space per computer, including laptops. It is advantageous to arrange the computer so that a teacher may view what is on each computer screen from one place, but the all students should also be able to see the board.
Flooring is a conundrum similar to the air conditioning issue. Carpet is ideal, but the layer of dust that will frequently accumulate will require the purchase of a vacuum and inevitably it will need to be cleaned at some point in time. The concrete surface is acceptable but make sure that all computers are covered with a cloth cover and switched off when the room is swept.
A white board is preferable, but they are expensive. If you decide to use a black board, you should keep it at least 15 or 20 feet from any computer and use an 'efficient' duster when cleaning the board.
Equipment and Budget
The decision to buy computers in-country or in America is at your discretion. Both methods have there drawbacks. Deciding to buy in-county, both new and used, comes with a high liability of purchasing faulty equipment where their generally are no warranties. However, you can purchase computers from licensed distributors (in Kumasi and Accra) who guarantee a warranty, but you will pay extra for that security. On the other hand, you can purchase computers from the U.S. with a certified guarantee at a considerably lower cost than in Ghana. But the delivery of the computers is where the difficulty comes from. Some volunteers purchase laptops on trips to America and bring them back in their luggage, which is straightforward. But you can only carry so many laptops. Or you can have them shipped from America (or Europe) to Ghana, which avoids the limitation of number, but the shipping fees increase your budget.
See minimum hardware specifications for both desktops and laptops in Unit 2 for operating systems.
|Cost (Cedis)
|Voltage Regulator
|Uninterruptible Power Supply
|Wireless Router
|Hard-line Router
|Wires for Networking
Construction Cost
See projects below for project budgets.
- ICT Computer Lab for JHS (SPA)
Reoccurring Costs
These are costs that should be paid for with funds from the computer lab bank account.
- electricity bill
- There are instances where Ghana Education Services (GES) will pay the bill if your school is located in a financially troubled area.
- Internet
- A local and trusted computer technician must be identified prior to construction a service fee should be agreed upon in excess of purchasing replacement parts. This is imperative because even though a volunteer may be able to teach ICT; they will not necessarily be able to repair broken computers. And there will be broken computers, so securing a technician prior to construction will keep everyone mindful of the inevitable.
- With the latter in mind, purchasing replacement parts.
- The possibility of expansion.
Unit 2 - Organizing a Lab
Put First Things First
Whether you are constructing a computer lab from the ground up or appointed to be the 'ICT Master' of an existing lab, it is vital to construct an inventory of both hardware and software of each computer. Maintaining inventory facilitates the process of upgrading or repairing computers so that all machines are the same. That is, if all machines are the same, as a teacher you can stand at one computer and masterfully give instructions for procedures that will apply to all computers since they are identical.
Hardware Specifications to Catalog
- computer make and model
- hard disk size
- RAM (random access memory)
- processor speed
Hardware Troubleshooting
The first step to hardware troubleshooting is to make sure that all cords and components are properly connected. If they are, a do-it-yourself method of repair is to exchange components with one that you know works. Yet, do not attempt to do this if you are unfamiliar with the proper configurations of hardware components!
BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) and RAM (Random Access Memory)
- BIOS is the cause of the beeps you often hear when you turn on a computer, which signifies that there is a booting error or a hardware malfunction.
- RAM will continue to work at an unpredictable capacity until it totally fails. A blue screen indicates physical memory failure is a precursor to this inevitability.
- If you do decide to buy RAM, make sure to bring your old RAM with you to make sure you buy the correct type. This strategy goes for any new parts you buy.
Hard Drive
- Hard drives are very fragile pieces of equipment, thus when you hear anything out of the ordinary take note of it and make sure to backup your data. With that being said, there is not much you can do if your hard drive does crash.
- In practice of prevention is better than treatment, it is wise to create two or three partitions on you hard drive. The largest will be for you primary OS (typically Windows). The next will be both free and unformatted space (>5 GB, which is enough space to install Windows in case the primary installment crashes), or it will be space for a secondary OS like Ubuntu. The last open space is a default partition, which is less than a GB. However, do not repartition a hard drive if there's any valuable data currently on it, unless you've backed it up first!
- In the event that a hard drive does fail, there are Live CDs that contain small operating systems on them that allow you to repair or isolate bad sections of a hard drive with partitions. Knoppix and SystemRescue CD are examples of free live CDs. Please, contact your Think Tank Coordinator or local Strike Force member for assistance and/or a copy.
Power Supply
- If the power supply fails, there will be no lights or sounds when you attempt to turn on the system unit. Also, the lights on the motherboard will not work, which are always lit when the computer is plugged in. After it has been confirmed to the best of your knowledge, it is permissible to replace the power supply from another computer that is spoiled.
- Power supplies often fail after low current or persistent fluctuating current. Utilizing a voltage regulator is the best solution for this problem.
- In addition to the power supply of computers, be conscientious of other equipment, like air conditioners, that also detract and affect the flow of electricity.
Peripheral Devices
- These are your mice, keyboards, printers and monitors. At the first sign of a problem, always check the connection and condition of the cables and connector pins at the end of the cable, which can be easily bent. A secondary solution is to make sure that the devices are sufficiently clean because dirt and other unidentified objects can become lodged in hard to reach places that can cause a device to not work properly.
- Another strategy is to perform a diagnostic test using the OS built-in check system. Sometimes viruses or users can delete or misplace vital files known as drivers that maintain the operation of these devices.
- For monitors, if the monitor is tinted with a weird color, check to see if any pins are bent. If the monitor power supply is damaged, which is signaled by an amber light that never goes away or it will not turn on at all, you have to have it repaired in order for it to work again. Furthermore, if you connect another monitor to a system unit and it still does not work, it may be the video card or power supply in the system unit that is the problem.
- For keyboards, if the computer beeps continually, make sure to see that none of the keys are stuck.
Choosing an Operating System (OS)
Microsoft Windows
- Advantage
- It is the gold standard of office suites, which is why Windows controls about 85% of the market for OS. This makes it the most widely used and recognized OS in the world. However, its dominance does not stem from its superior product or, in other words, its software programming. It is due to its positioning. When IBM created the first mass-produced personal computers (PC), called IBM-PC, Microsoft was the OS that was installed on each system (which is where the alias PC originated from being synonymous with the first personal computer). From there, through aggressive marketing and clever tactics, it has never relinquished its hold on the market.
- Disadvantage
- Being the Goliath of the market, it has made itself the primary target of malware (or viruses). Malware production appears to coincide with the proportion with which an OS controls the market. Furthermore, its vulnerability is increased by its source code (the foundation of the OS) being too readably accessible to manipulation, which is a major flaw that Windows is still working on.
Ubuntu (Linux)
- Advantage
- It has recently gained public recognition (still < 5% of overall OS) for being the largest open source OS community, even though it was derived from one of the first OS systems (Unix) and operates 90% of supercomputers. Its status as a free OS was not by design, but created by legal troubles with one of Unix's first proprietors, AT&T. After which, its vitality has been greatly assisted by one of the largest open source communities, universities. It is a Linux community where Ubuntu has become its largest branch (about 50%) in the family tree. As a consequence of being nurtured by universities, Linux (Ubuntu) has used its relationship with academia to create an extensive list of educational software, with EdUbuntu being Ubuntu's own educational package. Linux, especially Ubuntu, has been gaining momentum due to its price, or lack there of, and its resistance, not immunity, to malware with one of its most notable converts being the entire French police department. Even though Ubuntu is free, the major reluctance of organizations and industries to make the switch to it is the cost of retraining staff, which is how Ubuntu makes its money, and how well-fused Windows is in peoples minds. Consequently, realizing that the short-term cost associated with making the change is nominal, the most significant obstruction is still, and may always be the resistance of people to CHANGE.
- Disadvantage
- Its greatest deterrent may arise before a user has an opportunity to use it and that is the installation (especially dual booting) is difficult for some machines, which is not without a little assistance from Goliath (Windows). Furthermore, it is also difficult to add software to the OS without Internet access, which is a major drawback when developing countries, like Ghana, could thrive on free open source software (FOSS), yet due to its underdeveloped infrastructure readily available access is a significant hurdle to its propagation.
Dual Booting
- I am coming.
- EdUbuntu - it is the normal Ubuntu with a vast array of education software, from an interactive periodic table for chemistry to games for mathematics.
- KUbuntu - it is a lightweight version of Ubuntu for older computers, or in other words. Its minimum hardware specifications are an anemic 1 Ghz processor and 526 MB of RAM.
- gOS (Linux) - GNOME that works like Mac OS X and features: google aps, Picasa, Google gadgets, other web-based applications, and comes with Wine 1.0 pre-installed.
- Fedora (Linux) - features the most cutting-edge Linux technology and it is the second most used Linux OS behind Ubuntu
- SUSE Linux - it is the most popular Linux OS in Europe
Appropriate Software
- Microsoft Office (MS) Suite or OpenOffice.org (Open) Suite (see Resource CD for OpenOffice.org, which is a viable alternative to pirating MS Office Suite)
- Anti-virus
- AVG is the best free anti-virus. (see Resource CD)
- Avira is the second best.
- typing and mouse skills (see Resource CD)
- MS Window Paint (default) or Open's Drawing (default)
- Inkscape is a FOSS that is equivalent to Corel Draw. (see Resource CD)
- VLC is the best multimedia player there is and it's free. (see Resource CD)
- Wine
- If you are running Ubuntu, it is a free application that enables you to run certain Windows software in Ubuntu; Microsoft Office is one of them.
- HTTrack - it is a web crawler that saves the pages that you access while on the Internet. It's best used when teaching about the Internet without having Internet access in your lab. The students can use a web browser to access the web pages you capture and learn how to navigate through them.
- Others will be added at a later date and time.
Why FOSS?
Open source software, which is not always free, is software whose source code (core of a program) is made available to either the general public or a particular community of software developers who collaborate to make a more well-rounded program that the original developer could not create on its own. It is a developmental methodology that can be used to establish an industry standard, or in some cases, open source software is created as an alternative to proprietary software (software you have to pay for). Notwithstanding, free open source software (FOSS) has mistakenly gained the rep of being an inferior product to proprietary software based on the proverb that you pay for what you get. This is surely not the case, especially in light of the monopoly that Microsoft has on many software programs. Because of Microsoft's strong-arm mentality, the open source software community has become stronger and more organized in an attempt to assuage the market dominance of Microsoft.
With that being said, FOSS can fill a vital niche in developing countries simply because of its price, a cogent aspect that should not be overlooked. Even though Microsoft is the designated software program for most of academia, it must be stated that it is the skills that are important and not the name of the software or functions. Most open source software do have the same functions and capabilities as its proprietary counterpart; it just has different names and locations. For instance, a little known fact is that OpenOffice.org has been around for 20 years and has established itself as a viable alternative to Microsoft Office, including the ability to open and save documents in Microsoft format. Furthermore, on a personal level, I compare switching from popular proprietary software to open source software to that of moving from one house to another. It takes some time to remember where you place things, like 'Is it this drawer or that one?' 'Is it this closet or that one?' The switch to open source software is initially painful, but in the long run it pays off not to have to pay.
As a result of what is at hand, an ethical question arise: Is it better to use unfamiliar free open source software or popular pirated software?
|Ubuntu (offline)
|Office Suite
|Replaces Microsoft Office
|Replaces Apple Works
|Web Browser
|Replaces Internet Explorer
|Replaces Safari
|ClamAv is best for Ubuntu
|Keyboarding and Mouse Skills
|Replaces Mavis Beacon
|Replaces TuxType
|Audio Player (also an ipod manager)
|Replaces Windows Media Player
|iTunes is the king
|Replaces Rhythmbox
|Multimedia Players
|VLC (the best)
|Replaces Windows Media Player
|Replaces Quicktime Player
|Replaces Movie Player
|Multimedia Editing
|Cinelerra (video editor)
|iMovie is sufficient
|Audacity (audio editor)
|Garageband is the best
|Jokosher (music editor)
|Garageband is the best
|Image and Graphics Editing
|GIMP (image editor)
|Replaces Photoshop
|iPhoto is sufficient
|Picasa (photo manager)
|Replaces iPhoto
|Inkscape (graphics editor)
|Replaces Corel Draw
|Replaces TuxPaint
|Google SketchUp (CAD)
- Thin Client
- I'm coming.
- Clonezilla
- I'm coming.
- GIFEC Server (Ubuntu)
- I'm coming.
- Modems
- I'm coming.
- The Rachel Server is meant to be a standalone server in a computer lab where Internet access is not possible or infeasible due to cumulative cost.
Viruses in Ghana
Viruses for computers are similar to those for animals. A virus that is made for Windows usually will not infect a Mac or Linux, yet it is possible for a virus to be compatible for multiple platforms (operating systems), in the case like bird flu (humans and birds).
Viruses on pen drives will display some of the following tell-tell signs:
- It says 'autorun'.
- It is a locked file or folder that you have not locked yourself, and you cannot initially delete the virus because of this. If this happens, right-click on the file or folder and in the properties unlock the file or folder so that you may then empty your trash.
- It is a file or folder that you did not place on your pen drive. And sometimes it is a duplicate of an existing file or folder on your pen drive but if you right-click on it and look at its date of creation in the properties, you can distinguish it from your original files.
Due to the vast number of viruses in Ghana, it is important to update your anti-virus and software package (especially Windows), which shore up vulnerable 'holes' in an OS's defenses, on a regular basis. Depending on how often people access their pen drives on a computer will determine how often you need to update your system defenses.
An additional strategy for protection is to turn off autoplay, or autorun. Autorun is a Windows feature that automatically enables applications on devices, like pen drives and CD-ROMs, to launch without notification. It was implemented in Windows to ease application installation for non-technical users and reduce the cost of software support calls. Consequently, this is how malware gains its access to your system. Therefore, it is best to turn it off because anti-viruses will not detect all viruses. To disable autorun, click Control Panel, Hardware and Sound, then Autoplay.
With all of the precautionary measures that must be taken to protect Windows from infection, this is why converting to Ubuntu is so advantageous. There are very few viruses in Ghana that are written to infect Linux systems, and those that are rarely gain access to the root source code (heart of an OS) due to its security protocol, in comparison to viruses for Windows.
I'm coming.
Unit 3 - Teaching
General Teaching Overview
Junior High School
- [[media:]]
Due to the recent addition of ICT to the BECE ( ) and the lack of qualified teachers in the subject. PCVs are increasingly being asked ('persuaded') to teach ICT at the JHS level even though Peace Corps only recognizes Mathematics and Integrated Science in its current project plan and training. Teaching ICT at any level in Ghana is difficult due to the lack of daily interaction with technology, more specifically, computers. And to make the situation more difficult, besides the absence of computers, is that most JHS's do not have electricity.
However, depending on how you look at it, PCV's are more qualified than the average Ghanaian to teach ICT stemming from our experience with computers and other technologies. A truth that is illustrated by the fact that most Ghanaian teachers do not develop their computer literacy beyond the few classes they have at the SHS level and in teacher training college.
Nonetheless, if you do decide to teach ICT, which is not as dire as my description may suggest, focus on the topics that appear on the mock BECE exams. This is important especially for those who will be teaching without computers. (See [[//]]) This notion is not logical, but it is reality in Ghana. The better your students know the 'facts', the more time they can spend on the practical aspect in SHS where computer labs are more common. And if you are fortunate to have even one computer, focus on helping the students to consistently execute the following:
- Properly turning on and off a computer.
- How to properly hold and use a mouse.
- FYI, it is very difficult to teach students how to type, especially when there are often three or more students to a computer. Therefore, proceed at your own risk.
- Identifying parts of the desktop (taskbar, wallpaper, etc.).
- How to manage windows: minimize, maximize, close and restore.
Senior High School
I'm coming.
Teacher Training College
I'm coming.
See the Teacher's Corner for a sample syllabus and past Cape Coast exams for Teacher Training Colleges.
Teaching Without Computers
Whether you have a fully-stocked computer lab, few computers, no computers or lights out, it helps to have a bag of alternatives to help clarify unfamiliar ideas associated with ICT, especially when trying to convey such ideas that can be lost in translation. Accordingly, psychologists have proven that using analogies that students can understand to develop a familiar relationship is paramount.
Information Processing Cycle
Use an analogy that has a raw resource because data is unorganized facts. This being transformed or processed into an action or product that represents information, which is organized facts. It could be food (data) being eaten, digested (processed) and used to provide a person with energy (information). Or fuel that is converted into power by the engine. Or an open field that is planted with, let's say, plantain seeds that transform into trees because sunshine and rain assist in the processing aspect. And then harvesting is the production of information. Utilize your imagination to create rationale relationships to explain what it means to process a raw resource into a product.
Parts of a Computer
There are two options here. One, it is best to find broken computers in one of the following places: your community; yours or a nearby SSS; or a larger town where you have more opportunities to ask vendors. The idea is to give the students something tangible to galvanize their memories. The other alternative is to print pictures of computer parts so that your students can better visualize what the components look like. Even if you are a direct descendant of Picasso's, digital photos are always better than anything you can draw on the board.
When it comes to input and output devices, make sure to emphasize that "input devices send data to the system unit" and "output devices receive information from the system unit." Therefore, a "keyboard sends data to the system unit" or a "monitor receives information from the system unit." This is to emphasize phrasing your answers and questions in a fill-in-the-blank style so not to make concepts too difficult due to language barriers.
Here again, displaying pictures of storage devices is a viable alternative if you cannot find any storage devices. An appropriate analogy is to develop the following relationships: a bucket is like a hard disk; a cup is like a removable storage device; and water (inside of the bucket) is information. Therefore, transferring water from one bucket to another is like using a removable storage device to transfer information from one computer to another. Furthermore, a game that could be used is to illustrate the importance of storage devices is to write down a phrase or number and show it to the first student in a row or aisle. After which, have the students relay the phrase or number (like data or information) one-by-one by whispering to each other without writing the "data" down. And at the end see how accurate the last student's "data" is to the first student's.
Turning On and Off a Computer
You are on your own with this one.
Introduction to the Desktop and Lauching an Application
Develop the following relationships. A computer desktop is like the top of a student's desk; it's where you do work. A software application is like a textbook that is retrieved from their book bag, which is like the hard disk. And compare the act of trying to place an opened book (like an application) inside their bag (like the hard disk) without closing it to clarify the importance of closing all programs before you shutdown the computer. Furthermore, use folders or notebooks and sheets of paper to illustrate the differences between folders and files, respectively.
Print out the keyboard template located on the Resource CD or have them copy it into their notes so that the students may see how the keys are arranged. To add interest to typing activities, translate the names of the fingers into the local language as it is shown below in
- Thumb = kokurobeti
- Index = akerε kyerε kwan ("let me show you the way")
- Middle finger = nsateahne ("the chief")
- Ring finger = aheneakyire ("he who follows the chief")
- Pinky = k⊃kr⊃moto
From here, you can create assignments where the students answer questions by correctly writing which finger to use for a particular letter or each letter of a word.
Word Processing
Teaching word processing and spreadsheets are perhaps the most difficult topics to teach without computers because of the distinct steps that one must follow to use each feature. These are steps that cannot be truly comprehended by using pictures or diagrams on the board. However, cutting, copying and pasting can be illustrated by writing questions on the board and leaving a blank ("dash") in place of the answer. Here, you would provide students with clips of papers with the answer and illustrate how to paste an answer from a clipboard or how to cut or copy, in the case of an answer being used in multiple blanks.
For formatting, how to teach the difference between bold, italics and underlining is self-explanatory. But for fonts, having multiple students write the same sentence on the board can be used to illustrate that a font is merely a type of writing style.
Furthermore, split a board in half and designate one side of the board as unformatted and the other as formatted, like when one is teaching formatting that not only includes fonts and styles, but also numbering and bullets. And the same strategy can be used when explaining the different pasting options when copying text from a website and pasting it into a word processing document.
I think it is pertinent to first emphasize why one would use a spreadsheet before going into intricate details. Use examples like class rosters, timetables and payrolls and compare its use to that of tables in mathematics.
The Internet
Capturing the dynamic attributes of the Internet comes second only to explaining how to use the features of a word processing document and spreadsheet. This is because using a magazine and describing the Internet as a collection of magazines and notebooks provides a basis from which to work with because that's essentially what much of the Internet is, a library of interactive magazines. Furthermore, try to explain how the topics on the table of contents are like hyperlinks or shortcuts to that particular article without needing to flip through each page. In addition, the connection of computers are like that of mobile phones, but with wires, for the most part.
When describing the process of creating an e-mail account, duplicate that of setting up a bank account or registering for school. While the personal details are similar to the previously stated analogies, compare usernames to a student's nickname, or account/student number, and passwords to a key or "secret code".
Beyond the scope of ICT without computers, Wikipedia for Schools is a great alternative when teaching about the Internet without a connection. This is because you navigate through the encyclopedia using a web browser. Furthermore, you can create a scavenger hunt-like assignment where students navigate through the section on countries to find specific information, like populations or presidents' names, and complete a crossword puzzle or copy and paste the information into a word processing document.
Integrating ICT Into Other Subjects and Sectors
Art can use ICT by creating TLM (teacher-learner material) for themselves and other teachers. These TLM can include flashcards like those used for learning the alphabets with pictures signifying the first letter of the word. This can be done creating drawings from scratch using Inkscape or editing existing drawings and adding a Ghanaian aspect with GIMP. A teacher may also create templates for coloring like those for coloring books. Or templates could be created for paper-based arts like Origami illustrating where to fold or cut.
Printed Materials
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Unit 4 - Sustainability
Training a Ghanaian to Run a Computer Lab
Basic Tasks to be Transferred
- Printing
- Deframenting and Disk Cleanup
- Adding/Removing Software
- Virus Prevention
- See Hardware Troubleshooting
Steps to Hand Over a Lab
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Generating Income
It's about business.
- Typing - Typing services in Ghana generally charge 50 pesewa to 1 cedi per typed and printed 'master copy'. You may choose to match the prices of local business or set a discounted price to increase business. And this is an opportune time to focus on teaching a handful of teachers or students to handle this job.
- Copies - The price of copying is between 5 and 10 pesewa per page face or, simply, the front and back of a page.
- Selling Resource CDs - You can create a software package that contains any of the software on the equivalent list in the Why FOSS? section. However, it is still a crime in Ghana to distribute copies of proprietary software, especially Microsoft products.
- Tutoring - You can organize remedial computer classes for teachers or community members. But make sure that you have worked out the details with the proper authority figures.
- Running an Internet Cafe
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- Fundraising Events - This can be done, as previously stated, for initial funds for a computer lab or for upgrades to it.
Unit 5 - Appendix
Computers in Ghana
Computers are an excellent way to pass the time here in Ghana whether it be watching movies or listening to music. However it is important that you be aware of the numerous hazards such as theft (insurance cannot recover files from your stolen computer), viruses, electrical fluctuation and surges, hot and humid climate, dust, and other critters. Quality replacement parts can only be found in the major cities and are expensive. Therefore, bring a computer at your own risk!
Suggested things to do before arriving in Ghana:
- Unsubscribe from any unwanted/unnecessary email lists. These consume bandwidth which is precious here.
- If you don't have one already, please create a Yahoo or Gmail accounts for your email correspondence in-country. Other web-mail services, such as Hotmail, AT&T, and Comcast perform poorly in Ghana due to limited bandwidth and attachments. Yahoo and Gmail work best here.
- Identify if your computer requires a voltage converter and adapter to function in Ghana. The electricity here is 50 cycles, 220 volts which is twice what it is in America. Most computers, already have built-in converters, but will require an adapter to work here in Ghana since the plug type is different. You can find out if your computer has a built-in converter by looking at the small box on your computer's power cord. There should be some information on it looking like this. If the power adapter says the input AC100-240V, then that means there is a built-in converter and no voltage converter is needed to operate here in Ghana.
- If you don't have these already installed on your computer, download an anti-virus and/or spyware program. Free and reliable anti-virus programs are Avira and Avast. A free spyware program is Ad-Aware. Click on respective links to download the software.
- Ensure that you have the latest software updates: Windows, Ubuntu/Linux, Firefox, Anti-virus, Spyware, etc.
- Insure your computer.
- If you want to be extra cautious, bring some spare computer parts (ie. power adapter, network cables, hard drive, etc.) as quality replacement parts are difficult to find and expensive in Ghana.
Computer Maintenance in Ghana:
- Scan your computer for viruses and spyware on a weekly basis. (Make sure you have the latest updates of the software)
- Plug your computer into an AVR so it doesn't permanently get damaged. (See Electricity in Ghana for more details)
- Cover your computer to protect it from dust, heat, liquids, etc.
- Place your computer in a cool place (and no, not refrigerator cool!).
- Don't insert a flash drive or external hard drive into your computer without first checking it for viruses. To prevent contracting viruses this way, disable auto-play. What is auto-play?
- Regularly back-up important files from your computer onto a flash drive or external hard drive.
USB Modems in Ghana
In Ghana, you can get a USB modem to plug into your laptop or desktop, and the USB modem will make a network connection with a nearby cellular tower to connect your computer to the internet. The speed is much slower than you are used to in America, but it is enough to browse websites, check email and news, etc. The only issue is whether or not you can get a network signal at your site. Fortunately, the chances of getting a network signal at your site might be better than you think, and you may even have the luxury of choosing between several providers. The cost of the internet is fairly reasonable and can generally be afforded by a PCV on a PCV salary. There are 5 different internet providers and all 5 of them have their own unique way of selling their USB modem service. You will first need to find out which one is available in your area (you really will not know until you arrive to your site), and then decide which provides the best internet package based on your internet needs.
Please read the USB Modems in Ghana (Rev 2.1) document for extensive details.
Mobile Phones in Ghana
If you did not know, mobile phones have different bands, which means it is capable of picking up the different frequency bands for networks around the world, like for example in Ghana.
A Tri-Band GSM phone is one that supports three of the four major GSM frequency bands. America's tri-band phones typically support the 800/850, 1800, and 1900 frequency bands, but not the 900 frequency used by the largest carriers (MTN, Tigo and Vodafone, respectively) here in Ghana. Yet the burgeoning networks of Airtel and Glo do use the 1800 frequency. Furthermore, a Quad-Band GSM phone is capatible with all four bands around the world. So prior to coming to Ghana, check to see if your phone is compatible with the 900 frequency. If so, you will have to have your phone unlocked because most mobile phone carriers in America add codes onto their phones to prevent a user from accessing another carriers network. Otherwise, you can simply buy a phone during training for about $30.
Lastly, there are no annual or monthly mobile phone contracts in Ghana. Everything is prepay. You simply buy units at any of the numerous kiosks or 'minute men' for the chip in your phone, which are interchangeable because none of the phones in Ghana are locked. Furthermore, your generally pay less than 10 cents per minute in-country with constantly fluctuating deals that are always shown on your phone (i.e. 10% of base price per minute, 20%, etc.). And you will not spend more than 15 cents per minute on calls to the States.
Electricity in Ghana
Electricity is available in major cities, most towns, and even a few villages. Expect to have electricity if you are a teacher. Electricity in Ghana is 220-240 Volts. Its primary socket types are the British BS-1363 and Indian. See Electrical Plug/Outlet and Voltage Information for acceptable plugs, converters, adapters, etc in Ghana.
Ghana has two major problems with electricity. The first one is that the electricity is not reliable; it turns on and off about four times a week (more during the rainy season) for an average of 5-6 hours at a time. Most outages are planned and conducted by the electrical companies (some companies even announce these outages in advance). The other problem is unpredictable electrical fluctuations. These fluctuations can permanently damage your beloved electronic devices such as computers and refrigerators.
To deal with the first issue, you can do several things. First, you could purchase a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) which essentially serves as a battery that will allow you to keep electrical devices operating for a short time (like 15 minutes or so). However, UPS's are expensive; like 250 GHS. The next solution is to use a solar charger. However, that requires sunlight and they do not provide sufficient power for a long time. The last solution is to do what most PCV's do: which is sit around and wait (candles are a good option in this case)! But as you get situated at site, you will begin to notice some patterns with the electricity. For instance, if the electricity has not been turned off by 10 a.m., then there is a good chance it will remain on the rest of the day. Moreover, the electricity is usually on during the night time. By noticing these patterns, you can plan your electrical usage accordingly.
To deal with voltage fluctuations, purchase an AVR (Automated Voltage Regulator). These can be bought in Ghana for around 35-50 GHS or from a departing volunteer. It is highly recommended to plug in ALL electronic devices especially computers, refrigerators, iPods, into the AVR. Not doing so could risk permanently damaging your devices. (Note: many UPS's have a built-in AVR feature.)
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Vendors in Ghana
- PC Direct - Modern computer hardware store with many of the basic supplies you may need. Tel: +233 0302 780142 (Google Map)
- The Aseda House is a multistory blue and white building located at the southern part of Adum (downtown Kumasi). It is a building where most of the computer vendors are located in Kumasi, which includes computer technicians.
- Verizon Apricot is located on the second floor of a building about a block from the Aseda House. It is like a small CompUSA computer store whose prices are surprisingly not much higher, if not the same, as the smaller shops in the Aseda House.
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ICT Initiatives in Africa
Extra Reading
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Resource Sharing Best Practices: Direct Request
This webinar about use of Direct Request in ILLiad and WorldCat Resource Sharing features Jennifer Kuehn, Head of Interlibrary Services at the Ohio State University Libraries. Jennifer speaks about how use of Direct Request for loans has benefited her library and its users and shares tips for successful use of the feature.
This event has passed.
Start Date
16 May 2011
End Date
16 May 2011

subset: commoncrawl


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Please login first to complete purchase/ quotation request, view custom order reports, or create favorites list.
Don't have an account with us yet? Please set up an account to place order or obtain customer services.
This 21-mer Notch-1 Aβ-like peptide is secreted during the Notch signaling pathway. Presenilin (PS)-dependent intramembrane proteolysis cleaves the Notch receptor at multiple sites, resulting in the release of Nβ21 and C-terminally elongated Nβ25, in a process similar to the production of Alzheimer disease-associated Aβ during regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP).


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Contact Audrey's: (310) 440-4505
Audrey's is a treasure chest for jewelry lovers. We carry some of the finest and most innovative jewelry designs from around the world. Our selection ranges from the contemporary to the traditional, many pieces uniquely handcrafted. Audrey's features a number of artisanal Fair Trade pieces as well, in addition to cutting-edge designs from Israel.
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My dream podium, that means I can be as much subjective as I want and it has nothing to do with a real prediction
Men: I definetly want Daisuke to win but I would also like Hanyu. I love Fernandez programs and it will also be nice to see a european on podium. I also like Kozuka and very much Machida (Lambiel is a genius). I already said it, this I also like a little bit of Chan. So it's hard with only 3 places. But: 1. Daisuke, 2. Hanyu, 3. Fernandez
Ladies: When I first saw Akiko's LP on youtube, before she presented it at JO I said :"I want her to be world champion this year!". I don't like her SP and until now it wasn'tvery well received by the judges. But she is a late bloomer, so I think at world she will look much better and consistent than now. I don't know about Yuna and Carolina, if they are coming or not. I like both of them but this year I want some new faces on the podium. I think I would like 1. Akiko 2. Ashley and 3. Kiira and Mao and Gracie around the podium.
Pairs: I don't know yet, Tatiana and Maxim were my fav but I didn't like the way they won at CoR. If they win worlds then they should skate clean just because they can and have far more better programs than the germans (and costumes!!!). Than I really don't know, have no favourites.
Ice dance: exactly the opposite, I have too may favourites: Tessa&Scott, Kaetlyn&Andrew, Nathalie&Fabian, Anna&Luca, Madison&Evan and I also like Meryl&Charlie's SP but they were never my fav. This is hard: 1. Tessa&Scott 2. Nathalie&Fabian 3. Kaetlyn&Andrew and the rest around the podium.


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NIKE GOLF JUNIOR AT LEE COUNTYMiromar Lakes Beach & Golf ClubFort Myers, FloridaJuly 19-22, 2004 COLE CHARGES TO FIVE SHOT LEAD HEADING INTO FINAL ROUNDWenglasz and Detlefsen lead Girls Division
FORT MYERS, Fla. â Fifteen-year-old Spencer Cole of Greer, S.C., holds a 5-shot lead after finishing his 36-hole day at 10-under-par 134 in the Nike Golf Junior at Lee County. Sharing the lead in the Girls Division is Kathryn Detlefsen of Eagan, Minn., and Whitney Wenglasz of Oldsmar, Fla., each carding a 6-over-par 150 entering the final round.Conducted by the American Junior Golf Association, the Nike Golf Junior at Lee County features 80 players, 66 boys and 14 girls, ages 12-15 from 20 states and four countries. The 54-hole stroke play event is in its first year at the Miromar Lakes Golf & Beach Club.In order to make up for the postponement of Tuesdayâs first round due to heavy rains, players completed two 18-hole shotgun rounds on Wednesday. During his stellar first round, Cole hit 12 fairways, 12 greens and needed only 24 putts to set the Miromar Lakes Beach & Golf Clubâs course record, a 7-under-par 65. Cole continued his impressive play during the afternoon round, carding a 33-36â69 to end the day at 10-under-par.âPlaying 36 holes in one day is really hard because you have to stay focused the entire time,â Cole said. âI came out on top because I feel like I was the person that was able to manage my game the best and stay concentrated throughout both roundsânot because I was the best player.âCole said he avoided big mistakes en route to making birdie on Nos. 4, 15, 16, 17, and 18 during both rounds.Trailing Cole by five strokes is Gregor Slabe of Bradenton, Fla., who totaled a 5-under-par 139 on the day. Also on the leaderboard is Aaron Sherry of Fort Myers, Fla. at 140, Jay Vandeventer of Bristol, Va. at 142, and Daniel Brown of Memphis, Tenn., and Johnny DelPrete of Palm City, Fla. tied at 143.In the Girls Division, Detlefsen and Wenglasz share the lead coming out of the second round. Carding a 75-75â150, Wenglasz has learned how to use her strengths in a tournament setting despite her young age.âI have a strong drive and I can really get the distance compared to most girls my age,â the 13-year-old Wenglasz said. âIâve also been able to develop a lot of confidence in my chipping and pitching because I spend so much time practicing them both. They really allowed me to get up and down to set up short putts.âDetlefsen used the back-to-back rounds to her advantage by getting right back in and making the changes she needed after the first round. The strategy worked as her second-round score of 34-37â71 was the low Girls Division round of the day.âI obviously like where I am right now. Iâd always rather be tied than chasing the lead though,â the 15-year-old Detlefsen said. âI know that I canât control the other player, so I have to play my own game and play it well. If I put out my best effort tomorrow and get beat, I can never feel bad about the round.âCourtney Ellenbogen, who led after the first round, now sits only one stroke behind the leaders with a solid posting of 74-77â151. Also posting top scores were Kristen Hill of Weston, Fla., and Courtney Harter of Clearwater, Fla. Hill tallied a two-round total of 153 and Harter currently sits in fifth with a 154.The American Junior Golf Association is a 501(c) (3) nonprofit organization dedicated to the overall growth and development of young men and women who aspire to earn college golf scholarships through competitive junior golf. The AJGA has a membership (boys and girls ages 12-18) of approximately 5,000 junior golfers from 50 states and 30 foreign countries.Titleist, the AJGAâs National Sponsor, has been the catalyst and driving force behind the Associationâs success since 1989. Rolex Watch USA, a supporter of the AJGA since 1983, became the inaugural AJGA Premier Partner in 2004.The final round of the Nike Golf Junior at Lee County will be a shotgun start beginning Thursday morning at 8:30 a.m. For more information about the Nike Golf Junior at Lee County, please contact tournament headquarters at (239) 482-7644.#AJGA#
The Foundation
The Achieving Competitive Excellence (ACE) Grant program provides financial assistance to junior golfers who wish to play in AJGA events. Its goal is to give top-flight golf opportunities to young golfers regardless of financial resources. This program helps to fulfill the AJGA's mission of developing young men and women who aspire to earn college golf scholarships through competitive junior golf.
What is Leadership Links?
Leadership Links is a new program whereby the AJGA is able to further its mission to help develop young men and women by teaching charitable giving skills and service-oriented practices at an early age. This program gives juniors all the tools necessary to donate their time, talent and resources to local charities and the AJGA youth development programs. Please click here to learn more about the program and the different opportunities available.


text: This past weekend was the Forward on Climate rally in Washington D.C. I was fortunate enough to cover it for The Ithacan. So, myself and a staff of 4 other reporters, photographers and videographers headed to D.C. to check it out. It was a great time, here are some quick shots.


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Introducing and Creating the CAN SLIM No Float ScreenDownload printable PDF
The Stock Investor Pro program currently contains two screens based on William O'Neil's CAN SLIM approach. The first screen, listed as *O'Neil (CANSLIM) in SI Pro, is based on William O'Neil's investing methodology outlined in the second edition of his book, "How to Make Money in Stocks." The second screen, called *O'Neil (CANSLIM Revised), was updated to reflect the third edition of the book. Though both screens have enjoyed strong price performance over our backtesting period, AAII's original O'Neil CAN SLIM really took off and has been one of our top-performing screens from 1998 through 2012. Recently, however, the screen has produced very few passing companies, making it increasingly difficult to utilize this screen in a balanced investing strategy.
Modifying the CAN SLIM Screen
A method to adjust the O'Neil CAN SLIM screen to allow for more passing companies while keeping the approach true to its methodology was discussed by Wayne A. Thorp, CFA, in the Second Quarter 2013 issue of Computerized Investing. The newly created screen removes a float requirement of a maximum 20 million shares outstanding. (Float is the total number of shares publicly owned and available for trading; it is used in the original SI Pro screen based on O'Neil's suggestion to invest in stocks with a limited number of outstanding shares. However, a specific limit was never quantified by O'Neil in his books.) When backtested for long-term performance, the new screen, called CAN SLIM No Float, pales in comparison to the original CAN SLIM screen. However, the CAN SLIM No Float screen performs better than the CAN SLIM Revised screen.
Computerized Investing subscribers can read more about the CAN SLIM No Float methodology by clicking here. In addition, a new stock screen page on AAII.com has been created where you can track the performance of the CAN SLIM No Float screen, which can be found here.
Using the Screen Editor to Create CAN SLIM No Float
The CAN SLIM No Float screen has yet to be added to Stock Investor Pro. However, you can create the modified screen very easily, since the only difference between the original CAN SLIM screen and the CAN SLIM No Float screen is that the float criterion has been removed. Therefore, we simply need to delete that criterion from the original CAN SLIM screen.
After you have loaded Stock Investor Pro, open the Screen Editor by going to Tools and selecting Screen Editor or by pressing on the funnel icon. Load the original CANSLIM screen, which is predefined in Stock Investor Pro. All of the criteria in the original CANSLIM screen will be shown. At the bottom right of the window, you can see that the original CANSLIM screen results in four passing companies with data as of March 15, 2013.
To delete a line of criteria in a screen, first click on the criterion line you would like to remove, in this case the float criterion. An arrow will appear to the left of the line selected. Then press Delete at the bottom of the Screen Editor. The criterion line selected will be removed from the screen. As shown at the bottom right of the modified screen, 14 companies passed all the criteria after taking out the float requirement. To save the screen, click Save As at the bottom of the Screen Editor. You are not able to save over a pre-loaded screen, so the screen must be given a different name. After the screen is saved, you can pull the new screen up at any time.


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Apr 16, 2012 0
2012 NFL Draft Team Needs: NFC East
The 2012 NFL Draft is nearly upon us, and this edition is much clearer than last year, at least in terms of team needs, because free agency has already taken place. Here on the staff blog, I'm going to break down each team's top needs and fantasy outlook for the draft, going division by division. Today we head to the NFC East, and, if you missed them, check out the AFC East, AFC North, AFC South, and AFC West. Got a player you want your team to target? Let me know in the comments.
Also, be sure to take a look at our massive 2012 Pre-Draft Rookie Report, which takes an in-depth look at all the top fantasy prospects.
Dallas Cowboys
Picks: 14, 45, 81, 113, 135, 152, 186, 222
Top Needs:
1. Safety – The Cowboys signed former Jet Brodney Pool, but this unit is still in need of a playmaker. The Cowboys have had frequent issues on the back end, and they could be in perfect position with the 14th overall pick to draft Alabama SS Mark Barron, who is easily the best all-around safety in the draft, capable of making plays in the run game and against the pass.
2. Cornerback – The [...]


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Saint Honore
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- 98% cotton, 2% spandex. Hand wash, cold. Imported.
- Regular inseams: 27.5" Short, 30" Regular, 32" Long.
Read more… Read less…


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First term City Councilman Stanley Chang announced a run for Congress Wednesday, saying he's prepared to bring "fresh ideas" to Capitol Hill.
"It's about investing in our future, it's about our families, our children and fighting for a better quality of life, not just two years from now, but 10, 20, 50 (and) for generations to come," Chang said, as he was surrounded by about two dozen supporters at the corner of Punchbowl and Pohukaina streets in downtown Honolulu.
Chang, the son of immigrant parents from China, who graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School, will run as a Democrat for Hawaii's 1st Congressional District. The seat is currently held by Rep. Colleen Hanabusa, who will challenge Sen. Brian Schatz in the 2014 election, according to a source close to her campaign.
Chang shied away from discussing specific policies that he would champion in Congress, but when pressed for details, he said he supports President Barack Obama's current push for gun control legislation and favors same-sex marriage, but is concerned about unbalanced federal budgets runaway deficit spending.
"When we're talking about sustainability of our federal government, our nation that we believe in ... I think that needs to be our main focus and our main commitment," said Chang.
Change, 30, was elected to the City Council's District 4 in 2010 at the age of 28. He will finish his term at the end of 2014. He is not required to resign his council seat while campaigning for Congress, according to the city's chief elections administrator Glen Takahashi.
However, Chang may be opposed by a familiar face in next year's Democratic primary. Fellow councilman Ikaika Anderson, District 3, is currently mulling a run for Hanabusa's House seat.
"I am considering that possibility, if in fact there's an opening, and will talk with my family and supporters and make a decision collectively," Anderson told KITV4.
Meanwhile, Republican Charles Djou, who once held Chang's council seat and served seven months in the U.S. House, is also taking a wait-and-see approach. He posted a statement on his website,www.djou.com, Tuesday evening.
"My family and I have not yet made any final decision on running for office next year, but we look forward toward continuing to listen to you and finding the best way to most effectively make a positive difference for our community and our country," wrote Djou.
Councilman Stanley Chang sets sights on Congress
First term City Councilman Stanley Chang announced a run for Congress Wednesday, saying he's prepared to bring "fresh ideas" to Capitol Hill.
Copyright 2013 by KITV All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Stefan Sagmeister is one of those designers whose personality and work bubbles beyond colleagues and clients in his own industry. He does have rock-star cred (he's designed album covers for the Rolling Stones, Talking Heads, Aerosmith and others) and the Grammys to go with it.
Sagmeister's design firm creates corporate identity campaigns, retail packaging, billboards and other materials of business, but it also spends considerable time and energy on more artistic pursuits. Statements about politics and the social order are common themes in Sagmeister's work (an image of a commercial yard filled with shipping containers, some of them arranged to read "ambition," for example). He infuses these potentially heavy statements with a sense of wonder and discovery that is a delight for the eyes and mind.
Sagmeister is a well-amplified voice for explaining how design touches the most essential aspects and most memorable moments of our lives. Take a look at his TEDx talk on that subject, and you'll be moved to go to CCAD on Thursday and listen to him live.
Credit: John Madere


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"Your show has taught me so very much in the last two years. It helped bring me to the Holy Catholic Church."
~ Debbie
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Subscribe to Catholic Answers Magazine
"We consider that iron for this cause borne on earth shall surmount gold and precious stones in Heaven."
~ John Bodey, Venerable, English martyr; in a letter from prison, describing the honor he and his companions felt for bearing chains and imprisonment for the Catholic faith.


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Micron Technology, a leading producer of dynamic random access memory and flash, on Monday said that it had started producing of flash memory with improved potential lifespan using 34nm process technology. The company also said that its new single-level cell (SLC) and multi-level cell (MLC) flash can boast with six times longer endurance compared to existing devices.
Micron's new MLC Enterprise NAND device achieves 30 thousand write cycles – a 6x increase in endurance when compared to standard MLC NAND, according to the company. For enterprise applications that are more performance driven, Micron today also introduced a 34nm SLC Enterprise NAND device that achieves 300 thousand write cycles – a 3x increase in endurance when compared to standard SLC NAND.
"By leveraging our mature 34nm NAND process, Micron has developed Enterprise NAND products that support customers' high-endurance requirements. These products ensure that enterprise organizations have a highly reliable NAND flash solution – be it MLC or SLC – for design into the broader enterprise storage platform," said Brian Shirley, vice president of Micron's memory group.
Additionally, leveraging the full performance capability of NAND, Micron's newest Enterprise NAND products also support the ONFI 2.1 synchronous interface, delivering a 4- to 5x improvement in data transfer rates when compared to legacy NAND interfaces. Micron's 34nm Enterprise NAND portfolio includes a 32Gb MLC NAND chip and a 16Gb SLC NAND chip that can be configured into multi-die, single packages supporting densities up to 32GB MLC and 16GB SLC, respectively.
Micron is now sampling its Enterprise NAND products with customers and controller manufacturers, and is expected to be in volume production in early 2010. For further explanation on Micron's Enterprise NAND products, visit Micron's Innovations blog to catch a video that describes how Micron leveraged its mature 34nm NAND process to achieve these levels of reliability.
Tags: Micron, Flash, SSD, 34nm


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Submit News
Obama's DOJ Tries to Sneak Around Supreme Court GPS Tracking Ruling, ACLU Upset
Jason Mick
January 17, 2013 2:08 PM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
You want the truth? You can't handle the truth! (says the DOJ)
The American Civil Liberties Union
(ACLU) hit a brick wall when its Freedom of Information Action (FOIA) of 1966 (
§ 552
) lawsuit requesting detailed documents on GPS tracking procedures was rejected by the U.S. Department of Justice.
I. GPS Tracking is Back
The issue of GPS tracking has been a contentious one. In some high profile incidents federal agents, state police, or local police have attached GPS trackers to citizens' cars and used the continuous tracking as incriminating evidence. While law enforcement agencies contend that GPS surveillance is a powerful tool for fighting crime, the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) clearly thought otherwise,
deciding unanimously
U.S. v. Jones
, 10-1259
; PDF) that
planting GPS trackers on citizens' vehicles
generally is a violation of Fourth Amendment rights.
Following the January ruling, the FBI General Counsel Andrew Weissmann provoked ACLU scrutiny when he spoke at a February law enforcement convention in San Francisco, suggesting that other forms of location tracking were arguably legal.
While not specifically mentioned, one such form of tracking would be to seize citizens' cell phones or request records from mobile carriers in order to gain a record of locations based on tower pings. Such tracking has only been used in a handful of cases nationwide, but is growing in use.
GC Weissmann also suggested that boats and other types of vehicles may be fair game for tracking as his interpretation was that the SCOTUS prohibition was narrow, only covering GPS tracking on cars.
The FBI argues that it may still be legal to use GPS tracking on boats.
[Image Source: Ron Niebrugge]
He also makes reference to a pair of memos, detailing how tracking was to be carried out.
II. ACLU Gets Non-Answer From DOJ
In the wake of those comments the ACLU filed suit to obtain those memos, arguing that their release would make clear whether the FBI and other DOJ agencies are actively pursuing such forms of location tracking, and what the rules are (e.g. whether a warrant is required).
The DOJ gave the ACLU the memos this week, but they were almost entirely redacted, leaving little useable information. The sweeping redactions were justified in a note from the DOJ that cites the stipulation that FOIA requests can be redacted to prevent the release of information that would aid criminals.
In a
blog post
Catherine Crump, an attorney for the ACLU, blasts the DOJ memos, writing:
The Justice Department's unfortunate decision leaves Americans with no clear understanding of when we will be subjected to tracking — possibly for months at a time — or whether the government will first get a warrant.
Privacy law needs to keep up with technology, but how can that happen if the government won't even tell us what its policies are?
The DOJ release the FBI memos, but it redacted most of the details in the documents.
[Image Source: Iceni]
Given the DOJ's relative non-response it appears that the DOJ and ACLU will continue to square of in federal court or possibly in another Supreme Court case.
The ACLU's position is clear -- warrantless tracking is a danger to Americans' freedoms.
The DOJ's position appears to be that while it will respect the SCOTUS rulings narrowly, it will freely engaged in any form of investigation not explicitly prohibited. The Obama administration has gone to bat for the DOJ in court, arguing that when it comes to law enforcement, sometimes
safety trumps the need for transparency and protection of civil liberties
"I'm an Internet expert too. It's all right to wire the industrial zone only, but there are many problems if other regions of the North are wired." -- North Korean Supreme Commander Kim Jong-il
Related Articles
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January 23, 2012, 1:54 PM
Obama Administration Fights to Allow Warrantless GPS Tracking
June 28, 2011, 9:17 AM
Police Secretly Planting GPS Trackers on Cars Without Warrants
August 14, 2008, 10:31 AM
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Residence Life and
Housing Services
West Chester University
202 Lawrence Center
West Chester, PA 19383
All resident students may submit work requests 24 hours a day/7 days a week, through the University's web-based system called iService Desk. (This system is configured for and certified by Internet Explorer, use of another Web Browser may result in the inability to access the database). An ID and Password are required which you may obtain from the front desk of your residence hall. You must use your University E-mail account to submit requests via the web site.
Work Requests are sent directly to Work Control. Work Control reviews each request and issues a work order to the appropriate shop for valid requests. Email notifications are sent indicating the status of Work Request such as Accepted, Rejected, Completed, etc.
Questions may be addressed to Work Control at 610-436-2444. Office hours are 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Students in affiliated housing may also submit work orders via the web. This access may be found by going to http://www.wchousing.com, selecting the facility you live in, and then clicking on the work order icon at the bottom of the page. After you fill in the requested information, a work order number will be provided. All repair work will be done by University Student Housing staff.


text:
Housekeeping - PT Weekends
|Southwestern Regional Medical Center
|Tulsa, OK
|Environmental Services
|Shift Hours / Days:
|Hours / Pay Period:
|Position ID:
|Job Function:
|Support Services
The laundry custodian works as a member of the CTCA Environmental Services team in an effort to provide non-medical sanitation support as a contribution to positive patient outcomes. Positions includes removing soiled linens from all patient areas Special care unit, clinic areas and ancillary areas, taking all soiled linen to the specialty room, collecting clean linens to place in the linen room distributing clean linen to all patient areas, special care unit clinic areas ancillary areas and guest rooms.
If you are a previous applicant, please log in below to access your account. Once logged in you can apply to additional positions, update your information, or view your active applications.Click Here


text:
A man who was working as a mall Santa Claus was in court Monday, accused of assaulting a co-worker.
Mall santa accused of assaulting elf in Boston
Published On: Nov 26 2013 08:46:03 AM HST Updated On: Apr 30 2014 08:52:02 AM HST
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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BEST ENTRANCE: JCPenney Parking Structure
LOCATION IN MALL: Located inside JCPenneys. Upper Level next to Customer Service
Call (714) 990-2040 |
Get Driving Directions |
Visit jcpenney Portrait Studio Website |
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The Spa at the Glen
The Noerr Programs-Santa Set
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text:
The FX30 provides a solid and stable mounting solution for displays weighing up to 30 lbs. Its very low profile keeps the screen very close to the wall.
Compatible with most small- and mid-sized LCDs.
Holds monitors less than one inch (two cm) from wall.
Solid and stable platform for touch-screen monitor compatibility.
Steel construction for long-lasting durability.
A quick-release lever facilitates easy attachment and removal.


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You have no items in your shopping cart.
This print started out as a baseball card more than twenty years ago. Every aspect of it is designed to preserve the original look and feel of the card, from the printing pattern to the slightly worn edges. In fact, this print started by finding the actual card in our vault and then painstakingly re-mastering it with a team of designers. The authenticity extends to manufacturing; each print is made on high-quality, cotton fine art paper that measures 1/64 inches in thickness. Framed prints feature 2-inch flat wood or metallic frames with high-end, glare-resistant glass. And all prints are officially licensed by MLB and the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Orel Hershiser had one of the great seasons of any modern era pitcher in 1988, the year of this Topps card. He carried the Dodgers to the World Series almost single-handedly by going 23-8 and leading the National League in wins, complete games (15), shutouts (eight) and innings pitched (267.0). He was named to his second All-Star team and won the Cy Young Award and a Gold Glove.
Intellectual Property Notice


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'Zero Dark Thirty' follows dark, tangled threads to death of bin Laden
There are two misconceptions about "Zero Dark Thirty": that it portrays information gathered during torture as integral in the search for and killing of Osama bin Laden, and that it lionizes President Barack Obama's role in the process.
The latter caused the film's release to be delayed until after the November election. In fact, Obama only appears in a news clip saying he opposes torture. »Read Full Article(4)
Singles Scorecard: Hear new tracks from Jonas Brothers, Hanson, Selena Gomez and more
The Jonas Brothers, pictured here performing at the Bradley Center in 2009, is back with a new single, "Pom Poms." Photo by MaryJo Walicki. »Read Full Blog Post
Ed Sheeran to play the Rave May 10
British singer, songwriter and guitarist Ed Sheeran of "The A Team" fame, will headline a bill with Nikki Williams at 8 p.m. May 10 at the Rave, 2401 W. Wisconsin Ave.
Tickets, at $26.50 and $36.50 excluding service charges, go on sale at 10 a.m. April 13 at the box office, (414) 342-7283 and therave.com. »Read Full Article
Jazz star Ben Sidran's free talk explores influence of Jews in American music
Jazz artist Ben Sidran will discuss his book "There Was a Fire: Jews, Music and the American Dream" at a talk at 8 p.m. May 2 at the Rubenstein Pavilion, 1410 N. Prospect Ave.
Sidran, a Wisconsin native, will conduct his commentary from the piano to illustrate his remarks with music. »Read Full Article
WMIL-FM has no plans to play 'Accidental Racist'
Brad Paisley sings that he is caught between Southern pride and Southern blame, but his song "Accidental Racist" is caught between "undercooked" political naivete - to paraphrase The New York Times - and "epic fail," as USA Today wrote about reaction to it on social media.
"Just heard 'Accidental Racist,' " Questlove of The Roots wrote on Twitter. »Read Full Blog Post(34)
Niki Johnson's portrait of Pope Emeritus Benedict hardly a salacious stunt
Good political art always gets a reaction.
Summerfest adds more ground stage headliners, including Matt & Kim, Talib Kweli, Go-Go's
In addition to unveiling its new "Fest Flag" promotional campaign, Summerfest Wednesday morning announced seven more ground stage headliners for the fest's 2013 edition.
Added to the lineup - without dates or stages attached - were Matt & Kim, ZZ Ward, The Go-Go's, Cold War Kids, 311, Talib Kweli and Courtyard Hounds. »Read Full Article(6)
Old World Wisconsin offers new ethnic and Civil War events
Old World Wisconsin, the outdoor museum of pioneer life, has announced a series of new programs for the 2013 season.
They include: »Read Full Article
April 12 is Savor the Flavor of Waukesha County in Wales
Sample appetizers, entrées and desserts from 15 restaurants and vendors Friday at Savor the Flavor of Waukesha County, at the Legend of Brandybrook country club.
Participating are 8-twelve MVP Bar & Grill, Albrecht's Delafield Market, Au Bon Pain, Becky's Blissful Bakery, Burke's Lakeside, La Fuente, Lakefront Grille, the Melting Pot, NuGenesis Farm, Old Tavern foods, Pat's Rib Place, Rochester Deli, Saz's Catering Lake Country, Taylor's Peoples Park and Weissgerber's Seven Seas. »Read Full Blog Post
Summerfest unveils 'Fest Flags' prize promotion
MILWAUKEE - Summerfest is putting its money where its flags are for the next two months in a big prize promotion.
On Tap Today: Not middle of the road
Wednesday. It may be the middle of the week, but here's hoping it's not a middle-of-the-road kind of day.
With that in mind, you might consider a blast from the past, an exhibit about the once formiddable Avant Garde Coffeehouse, a giant used book sale, a beer sampling, some yoga or an art-and-tea combo deal. »Read Full Blog Post


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1 result
"One day, on my way back from work, I tuned-in to what used to be my favorite station and started listening to Catholic Answers Live. Slowly, the hard shell that had been built around me started breaking apart every time I listened to your show. There have been several programs that have touched me very deeply, even to the point of tears."
"In order to restore in the world the reign of Jesus Christ, nothing is as necessary as the holiness of the clergy."


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A Definite Book To Buy This Baseball Season
The 2011 Major League Baseball season will soon be upon us. What better way to kick off a new season of baseball, then to read a great new book about; well….baseball. Best selling author of, "Watching Baseball Smarter", Zack Hample, has just finished writing yet another book entitled, "The Baseball". But this book isn't just about the ball; but also the "Stunts, Scandals, and Secrets" surrounding it. (FYI, the official full title of Zack Hample's new book is, "The Baseball: Stunts, Scandals, and Secrets Beneath the Stitches." But I'm too lazy to type the whole title over and over again. So I'm going to stick with just "The Baseball.")
"The Baseball", isn't set to be released until March 8th.(Mark it on your calendar.) But I was lucky enough to stumble across a galley of it on Ebay. (Just in case you're not sure. A galley is a rough draft of the book. But has the same basic contents.) Now that you've been caught up with how I have read a book, that hasn't been released yet. Let me get to the part where I give my opinion of it.(For what it's worth.)
First of all, I hate to read. "What? You're giving a review of a 300 page book, and you hate to read?" In a word, YES. Reading is not one of the things I choose to do in my free time. So how did I manage to read a 300 page book? That's where this book diverges from any other book I (and probablly you) have ever read. Other books,about baseball, give great facts and details; but it is a real struggle to keep interest throughout the entire thing. Not this book. "The Baseball" is written in such a way, that you learn tons and tons of interesting information, while at the same time you're having fun reading it.(You know how you had that one teacher in school, that could teach the same information as all of the other teacher's; but you grasped it better than the students in the other teachers' class; because you were having fun at the same time? Well, Zack Hample is that one "teacher", that makes learning new information fun and interesting.)
"The Baseball", covers a wide range of topics. From people who have been killed by baseballs, to celebrities who have snagged them, and then onto how they are constructed. (The construction of a single Major League baseball, is a more tedious task than most people realize.) There is even a section on how YOU, can take apart a baseball to discover what lies within. (Why? Just because.)
"The Baseball", is broken up into three major parts. With the third part being about how to snag a baseball of your own; from your local Major League ballpark. Don't have a Major League ballpark nearby? Don't worry. These amazing strategies work at minor league ballparks too. This part of the book teaches you exactly: when to arrive, where to go, and what to do; in order to get a baseball. Zack Hample should know. He has snagged over 4,600 baseballs from 48 Major League Stadiums.
Well, there's my two cents on Zack Hample's new book, "The Baseball."
Still not convinced that this is a must have book? Then go to Zack Hample's website:
There you can read more about, "The Baseball." Including official reviews by the media. While you're there, check out Zack's other two books he has written; "Watching Baseball Smarter", and "How To Snag Major League Baseballs."
CLICK HERE to order "The Baseball" from Amazon.com.
2 Comments
Awesome review! Thanks so much for (a) reading my book despite hating to read and (b) writing such nice things about it. That really means a lot to me. I hope we'll finally get to meet in person this season. Talk to you soon…
I left a comment on YOUR blog thanking you for your positive opinion of my review. But I thought that I would thank you again; here on MY blog. THANKS!!! I hope we'll get to meet in person this season too.


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On Saturday, May 4, "Cinderella," a production of the prestigious Corpus Christi Ballet dance company, will magically appear on the A.C. Jones High School Auditorium stage.
The one-time performance of the world-famous children's folk tale, presented by the Coastal Bend College Foundation, will begin at 7 p.m. The Corpus Christi Ballet's appearance in Beeville graciously has been underwritten by the Joe Barnhart Foundation.
"Cinderella" will be brought to vibrant life through Sergei Prokofiev's evocative score, beautiful costumes and scenery, and a colorful cast of more than 60 dancers and actors. The stepsisters' comic antics, some "fairy dust," a handsome prince and an ill-treated servant girl who finds true love combine in a visually stunning presentation that will charm children and adults alike.
The lead role of Cinderella will be danced by Mia Carvalho and her prince will be Nathan Reagan. The wicked stepmother will be played by Xavier Barrera.
Tickets went on sale Monday, March 18, and are priced at $10 each for adults and $7 for children 12 years and under.
For ticket information, contact the CBC Foundation at 361-354-2348 or email email@example.com.
But don't delay in ordering tickets, or you may discover to your great dismay that the clock has struck midnight.


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Liberman: "We Need To Look At This Culture Of Violence"
Retiring Senator Joe Lieberman makes a few good points
(The Hill) Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-Conn.) on Sunday called for a "national commission on violence," in the wake of Friday's shooting at an elementary school in Newtown, Conn.
"I'm always reluctant about commissions, but I really believe we ought to have a national commission on violence," said Lieberman, according to a White House pool report. "These events are happening more frequently and I worry that if we don't take a thoughtful look at them, we're going to lose the hurt and the anger that we have now."
Guns are the tools being used, but they are not the result. When people drive drunk and kill someone, we don't blame the alcohol or motor vehicle, we blame the person who got liquored up. When some Islamist straps on a bomb and goes out to blow himself up with a whole bunch of women and children, we don't blame the bombs and clothes, we blame the jihadi and that culture of violence (well, many liberals tend to blame Israel and the United States).
Lieberman suggested the commission should have a broad scope and not focus only on the nation's gun-control restrictions.
"That includes looking at violence in the entertainment culture, mental health services and, of course, gun laws," he said.
Let's look into that violence in the entertainment industry, chock full of liberals who wield and even glorify guns. Look at all the violent and popular shows. Person of Interest, NCIS, Criminal Minds, Blue Bloods, Bones, Dexter, Law and Order (on tons of times and with different spin offs), shows on prison, Gangland (one of my favorites), Burn Notice (also one of my favs), and so many others. Plus so many others in regular and syndication.
The top video games of the year include Assassins Creed 3, Halo 4, Dishonored, Ninja Gaiden 3, Max Payne 3, Binary Domain, Sleeping Dogs, Call Of Duty: Black Ops 2, and Borderlands 2, among others.
Look at all the violence in the movies released this and every year.
Hey, look
Deyon Durham, 24, of 279 Faulkner St., was found shot to death at 1221 Montgomery St. shortly after 7 a.m., police said.
The initial investigation suggests that Durham was breaking and entering at the home when the homeowner, whose name was not released, shot him.
Durham had convictions, starting in 2005, for indecent liberties with a minor, sexual battery, breaking and entering vehicles, larceny and failure to register as a sex offender, according to state Division of Adult Correction records.
We should make sure that guns are taken away from law abiding citizens so criminals are never in danger.
Crossed at Pirate's Cove. Follow me on Twitter @WilliamTeach.
Also see...
Even though my father, brother, uncles and grandfather were in the military, I seldom handled guns growing up. That's because unlike many of the other people in my family, I've...Read More
William Teach
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