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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, listens during an interview with editorial staff from the Associated Press on Thursday, Sept. 22, 2011 in New York.
(AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)
"Obama should test Iran's nuclear offer"
Op-Ed, The Washington Post
October 7, 2011
Author: Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
President Obama should take a page from Ronald Reagans playbook in winning the final inning of the Cold War. Obama can challenge President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to put his enriched uranium where his mouth is by stopping all Iranian enrichment of uranium beyond the 5 percent level.
A quarter-century ago, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was touting a new glasnost: openness. President Reagan went to Berlin and called on Gorbachev to tear down this wall. Two years later, the Berlin Wall came tumbling down and, shortly thereafter, the Soviet evil empire fell as well.
While in New York for the opening of the U.N. General Assembly in September, Ahmadinejad on three occasions made an unambiguous offer: He said Iran would stop all enrichment of uranium beyond the levels used in civilian power plants if his country is able to buy specialized fuel enriched at 20 percent, for use in its research reactor that produces medical isotopes to treat cancer patients.
Obama should seize this proposal and send negotiators straightaway to hammer out specifics. Iran has been enriching uranium since 2006, and it has accumulated a stockpile of uranium enriched at up to 5 percent, sufficient after further enrichment for several nuclear bombs. Iran is also producing 20 percent material every day, and it announced in June that it planned to triple its output. Halting Irans current production of 20 percent material and its projected growth would be significant.
A stockpile of uranium enriched at 20 percent shrinks the potential timeline for breaking out to bomb material from months to weeks. In effect, having uranium enriched at 20 percent takes Iran 90 yards along the football field to bomb-grade material. Pushing it back below 5 percent would effectively move Tehran back to the 30-yard line much farther from the goal of bomb-grade material. Even more important, extracting from Iran a commitment to a bright red line capping enrichment at 5 percent would stop the Islamic Republic from advancing on its current path to 60 percent enrichment and then 90 percent.
Stopping Iran from enriching beyond 5 percent is not, in itself, a solution to its nuclear threat. Nor was Reagans proposal to Gorbachev. The question for Reagan was whether we would be better off with the Berlin Wall or without it.
Iran today is the most sanctioned member of the United Nations; it has been the target of five Security Council resolutions since 2006 demanding that it suspend all uranium enrichment. The United States and Europe have organized their own, tougher economic sanctions forbidding businesses from trading with Iranian companies and limiting Irans access to financial markets.
But Iran does not require the permission of the United Nations or, for that matter, the United States to advance its nuclear program within its borders. Nor are current or future sanctions likely to dissuade Iran from progressing steadily toward a nuclear weapon.
So far, Obama has essentially continued the Bush administrations policy toward Iran with one addition: an authentic offer from the start of his administration to begin negotiations. Negotiations, however, have not been feasible because of sharp divisions within Iran. Those rifts were exacerbated after the June 2009 elections, in which Irans ruling powers (Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamanei, Ahmadinejad and the Revolutionary Guard) rigged the presidential vote and then moved to suppress the opposition Green Movement protests. In the last two years, they have tightened control over their society.
Enter Ahmadinejads proposal to stop all enrichment at the 5 percent level without preconditions. Although differences between Ahmadinejad and the supreme leader have become evident, the United States should pay attention to the presidents offer.
Arguments against testing the offer are easy to make. An embattled Ahmadinejad may not be able to deliver. Iran will use negotiations to seek to relax or escape current sanctions. If a deal were reached, it would be more difficult to win international support for the next round of sanctions. An agreement that stops only the 20 percent enrichment could imply a degree of acceptance of Irans ongoing enrichment up to 5 percent.
Recognizing all of these negatives, however, the policy question remains: Would the United States be better off with Iran enriching its uranium to 20 percent or without it?
President Obama should act now to test Ahmadinejads word.
Graham Allison is director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvards Kennedy School of Government and the author of Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe.
For more information about this publication please contact the Belfer Center Communications Office at 617-495-9858.
For Academic Citation:


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Form and Content(Masterpieces of Women's Literature)
Departing from the nineteenth century formalities of literary realism, Virginia Woolf pioneered, along with James Joyce and William Faulkner, the stream-of-consciousness technique employed in To the Lighthouse. Composed of three discrete but intimately related sections, the novel provides a poetic examination of English Victorian domesticity and social roles.
Woolf stealthily weaves through her characters' psyches to reveal realities that are not necessarily apparent in either their actions or their speech. Section 1, aptly entitled "The Window," invites the reader's observation of the Ramsays' summer household. Mrs. Ramsay sits by the window with James. She has promised him that they will sail to the lighthouse tomorrow to take provisions to the lighthouse keeper and his son. When Mr. Ramsay, backed by Charles Tansley, insists that the weather will prevent their journey, an angry Mrs. Ramsay offers a more optimistic forecast. It is Mr. Ramsay's pursuit of Truth without any regard for people's feelings that so upsets her. Although Mr. Ramsay repeatedly offends Mrs. Ramsay, she remains the dutiful Victorian wife, accepting his word over hers, accompanying him on silent strolls, and making him feel needed although she is the one who truly rules the house.
Standing at her easel a distance from the window, Lily Briscoe works to capture Mrs. Ramsay and James on canvas. William Bankes lounges nearby. Mrs. Ramsay invites...
(The entire section is 563 words.)
- Places Discussed (Critical Guide to Settings and Places in Literature)
- Context (Masterpieces of Women's Literature)
- Historical Context
- Literary Style
- Compare and Contrast
- Topics for Further Study
- Techniques / Literary Precedents
- Media Adaptations
- What Do I Read Next?
- Bibliography and Further Reading
- Bibliography (Great Characters in Literature)

subset: commoncrawl


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Season tickets are $190 or $99 per seat and donations to the Seahawk Club are required in certain sections (see ticket brochure for seating chart).
There is also an Economy Plan Special that allows you to purchase season tickets for $99 in the second level corner and end zone sections (Sections 201, 207, 211-215, and 221-228).
All tickets are subject to the 7% NC sales tax and all orders include a one-time processing fee of $5.


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Red Mermaid Prom Dresses 2016
Explore more information for red mermaid prom dresses 2016 on our online store now! If you are confused about the huge amount of red mermaid prom dresses 2016 online, browse the product list of Cocomelody and enjoy your convenient and efficient shopping trip! Cocomelody provides dresses in stock or even custom made ones of high quality. And what's the best? They can totally fit your budget!
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My son is almost 14 months old and has slowed way down on nursing. He didn't ask for the breast in the morning (only at bedtime), so I gave him a cup with breakfast. At first, I wasn't sure if he was going to do well with regular milk (both Dad & I are lactose intolerant; his three siblings are milk guzzlers), because he would scream and cry at night. He also didn't drink a whole lot of it and nursed prior to nap/bedtime. I attributed the screaming to his cup of milk at dinner and gave him Lactaid. He did well, guzzling down the cup in the morning times and dinner. No more screaming or fits - then I noticed a suspect tooth... could have been that.
Anyways, I switched back to the regular milk and now he's back to not drinking it at all... Just a few sips. He doesn't ask for the breast though. I'm concerned that he's not getting enough to drink. I don't want to give him juice if he's not going to drink the milk... I'm afraid he'd only want the juice then. But after two times of picking him up from the church nursery and finding that he hadn't finished his milk... I'm concerned. He's not drinking anything but a sip or two from 8:30 am until noon! When I got home today, he barely drank anything with lunch, and it's almost 2!! And he's not asking for the breast.... Could he just not want to drink? Could it be the milk?
I'm ready for him to wean (and he seems ready for it except for bedtime), but don't want him to dehydrate! Should I change milk? Should I just keep giving him the cup throughout the day? -- don't want to create a cup-carrier, lol! (Soy is not an option, our family has various allergies and mom's biggest one is soy)


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'Jaax' is part of the warming trend! A faux, heathered sock thaws the otherwise cold style of a traditional combat boot. Pair these Steve Madden boots with a turtleneck, leather mini and oversized, flannel, wrap shirt for sizzling runway style!
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People experience intuition in many ways. Some intuitions come in dreams; others are experienced through body sensations. Some famous people, such as the philosopher Socrates and the musician Mozart, report hearing an inner voice or an inner musical score. We describe these and other ways of perceiving intuition in this section (and provide exercises to help you experience it).
Regardless of the method your intuition uses, it communicates either directly or indirectly. [1]
Generally, intuition does not give up on important messages. If Bill doesn't respond to an indirect intuitive experience, he is likely to have another intuitive experience that may be more direct.
As we have said, people experience intuition in many ways-through their senses, through dreams, or by quieting their busy, logical minds.
As sensory beings, we all understand what we mean when we say 'I see' or 'I hear' or 'I feel.' This is true even if we are not seeing, hearing, or feeling with our physical senses.
If you are like many people, you may avoid using the terms see, hear, or feel to describe intuitive events and simplify your description by saying, "I sense" which is another way of saying, "I intuit."
Sometimes people call this the sixth sense. This is a way of knowing that doesn't depend on the input of the five physical senses or the ability of language to describe experiences.
Intuition is well-known for providing people with insight or solutions during altered states of consciousness, such as in the dream state or in meditation [2].
Watson's symbolic dream of two intertwined snakes and his correct interpretation of the double helix provided a key to all life. Amazingly, his intuition was so efficient that the double helix was accepted without the verification of one experiment!
For example, Ellen, a long-time executive of a tobacco company, came to accept that tobacco could be dangerous to people's health and was in an ethical quandary. Her question was, "How can my company publicly acknowledge the problems tobacco can create?" Ellen asked this question internally over and over again, but did not force or expect an immediate answer.
One day, when she is walking in the woods, not thinking about her question, Ellen suddenly flashes on an answer, seemingly from nowhere: join the corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement and use advertising to educate the public about the truth. When she explores this answer from many different common sense angles, Ellen decides the idea is valuable enough to share with colleagues.
Intuition is a master teacher about life when we are willing students. We all learn by reading, hearing, seeing and feeling. Intuition is another way of knowing.
Depending on the situation, your intuition may talk to you through the five senses or come to you in [1] dreams, day-dreams, thought processes, or creative endeavors. It may speak to you directly or indirectly.
Intuition thrives in the areas you love and draws upon the context of the moment to enlarge your point of view.
© 2006 Charlson Meadows, used with permission.
[1] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/exercises-developing-your-intuition
[2] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term24
[3] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term21
[4] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term7
[5] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/glossary/3#term31
[6] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/our-experts/sharon-franquemont
[7] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/-their-words
[8] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/refining-your-intuitive-skills
[9] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/using-intuition-improve-health-and-wellbeing
[10] http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/activities/reconnecting-your-intuition


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Response made issue clearerApril 17,2013
Response made issue clearer
First I would like to thank Gov. Shumlin for taking the time to reply.
His response reinforces that knowing consequences may complicate if not negate a seemingly simple solution.
My suggestion to stop issuing front registration plates and making use of a small billboard on the front of all Vermont vehicles by selling official Vermont alternatives such as a plate to support Fish&Game,VTParks,CleanEnergy,VTLottery,Education. The proceeds of which could go directly to that state budget seems naively simple when you consider the consequences of removing the plate.
Although the Legislature has made a temporary exception for Vermont Strong license plates, the Department of Motor Vehicles and the Department of Public Safety continue to be strong advocates for requiring front and rear license plates. This is especially important for law enforcement. Additionally, the DMV has reviewed the success rate of other states who have removed the requirement for the front plate. In order to save costs, some states simply advised residents to take their front plates off and destroy them. However, in these states, the second plates started showing up on different vehicles, causing significant cost and enforcement resources. For states that made the switch successfully, it required a statewide license plate re-issue, at an expensive cost to the state. ... We do plan to keep the front plate issue in mind as we learn from our I Am Vermont Strong campaign, he responded.
I never gave a second thought to what happens to the front plate. This simple suggestion makes clear the need to have all the facts before assuming anything.
Alfred S. Blakey
BarreMORE IN LettersMSNBC news analyst Rachel Maddows report on the election of Republican Rutherford B. Full StoryThe Barre Historical Society wishes to thank all the many people who made the Rise Up Bakery... Full StoryI was so pleased to see the picture and the write-up of the kittens and children at the school in... Full Story
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Presenting this season's must have rain bootie, 'Bradwell'. This latest from Hunter is made well and will wear well. What are you waiting for?
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Pacific Southwest, Region 9
Serving: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Pacific Islands, Tribal Nations
Climate Change in the Pacific Southwest
U.S.-Mexico Border
In order to protect the environment and public health in the U.S.-Mexico border region, numerous binational entities developed the Border 2012 program, consistent with the principles of sustainable development. The ten-year Border 2012 program takes a bottom-up, regional approach which relies heavily on local input to best address environmental issues in the border region. It brings together a wide variety of stakeholders to prioritize sustainable actions that consider the environmental needs of the different border communities.
On this page:
- Border 2012 Climate Change Goals
- Projects to Reduce Border GHG Emissions
- Energy Audits
- Biodiesel Fuels
- Engine Retrofits
- Engine Idle Reduction
- Additional Resources
Border 2012 Climate Change Goals
Six goals were identified to help meet the serious environmental and public health challenges facing the border region, including reducing air, water and land pollution, and improving environmental health, emergency response and environmental stewardship.
As part of the goal to reduce air pollution, we have completed the U.S.-Mexico Border Region Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Policy (PDF) (42 pp, 808K). Using the results from the baseline emissions reductions study, specific emission reductions strategies and air quality and exposure objectives are targeted to be achieved by 2012. The states of Sonora (PDF) (91 pp, 2.7MB) and Baja California (PDF) (13 pp, 140K) have also completed emissions inventory.
In 2008, an new climate change objective was incorporated into Border 2012, which will estimate GHG emissions in at least eight border states, and identify the sources and locations from which reductions may be achieved. This will include promoting and/or expanding voluntary energy efficiency and other GHG reduction programs (i.e., Methane to Markets, Smartway, others) in at least two border states, and track the emissions reductions associated with those programs.
Projects to Reduce Border GHG Emissions
Engine Idle Reduction Activities
Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act's automatic funding to all U.S. states for diesel emission activities, Region 9, through the West Coast Collaborative, funded the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality $1.73 million in April 2009. These funds will be used to install electric systems to prevent unnecessary engine idling by heavy-duty trucks along the Arizona-Mexico border and rest stops through southern Arizona, significantly reducing diesel fuel use and, in turn, reducing greenhouse and criteria pollutant air emissions.
Energy Audits
EPA funded the Western Governors' Association to perform four energy audits of manufacturing plants in Baja California. The purpose of these audits was to identify opportunities for increasing energy efficiency at the plants. The audits enabled the plant not only to complete simpler, less expensive energy efficiency investments, but also provide data to support larger investments. The types of plants that were audited were an auto parts manufacturer, a food processing plant, a controls technology plant, and a manufacturer of semiconductor chips. The audits showed that the four plants combined could save 5.3 million kilowatt hours annually.
Biodiesel Fuels
Biodiesel Production from Waste Great in Mexicali
This project promotes the processing of waste grease from restaurants to generate biodiesel.
Ambos Nogales Biodiesel Capacity Building Project
The Arizona-Sonora Air Water, Waste and Environmental Health Task Forces developed a project to build biodiesel production and distribution capacity within the Ambos Nogales region. This demonstration project intends to reclaim waste vegetable oil and grease from local restaurants and maquiladoras, covert it to biodiesel, and demonstrate the use of the fuel in school buses and public sector safety vehicles.
Alternative Fuel Research for Brickmakers in Aqua Prieta
This project investigates the use of residual cooking oil from restaurants as an alternative to residual motor oil.
Engine Retrofits
Diesel Truck Retrofits
Trucks from Mexicali and Tijuana were retrofitted with either a diesel oxidation catalyst or diesel particulate filters to significantly reduce carbon emissions.
Retrofitted School Buses
Rio Rico School District
The school district retrofitted 32 buses, 29 with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOCs) and 3 with Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs). All buses are using biodiesel (B20). The school district acquired a storage tank for biodiesel exclusively.
Nogales Unified School District
The school district is in the process of retrofitting 10 buses. The original plan was to use DPFs, but after the initial testing the selected buses did not reach the required temperatures so the contractor is now analyzing the possibility of using a different type of equipment, probably DOCs.
Engine Idle Reduction
This report describes a concept for using anti-idling technologies, with an emphasis on Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) to reduce diesel emissions at international Ports of Entry between the United States and Mexico.
- Truck Stop Electrification and Anti-Idling as a Diesel Emissions Reduction Strategy at U.S.- Mexico Ports of Entry (PDF) (31 pp, 603K)
Additional Resources
- Improving Air Quality in Arizona and Sonora (PDF) (2 pp, 780K)


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A Nashua, N.H. couple's honeymoon gets off to a rough start when the groom loses his wedding ring on a jet.
Honeymooner loses ring in an unpleasant spot
Published On: Mar 21 2014 03:16:05 AM HST Updated On: Apr 30 2014 08:49:31 AM HST
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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RAW Mazarine
With RAW Mazarine G-Star goes beyond the modern history of denim, unveiling the denim roots which go way further back than American workwear. A lot of research has gone into reinventing the intensity of Toile de Chine, a double dyed indigo fabric that pre-dates denim. G-Star designed a range of double-dyed denim styles with an intense blue colour, reminiscent of the Mazarine butterfly.
Indigo is the natural pigment used for dying the white cotton yarns that are at the bases of denim. After the spinning process the yarns are dipped in an indigo dying bath to get their authentic blue colour. The number of dips is essential to the depth of the colour of the denim. More dips will give a darker and deeper shade of blue, where each dip will add to the shade.
G-Star's RAW Mazarine is inspired by a dark blue fabric originally used in China and brought to France by explorers in 17th century, hence the name Toile de Chine (fabric from China). The fabric, woven from yarns that were all indigo dyed, became the preferred fabric for traditional European workwear due to its strength and the fact that it hardly showed staining. It was not until the start of the industrial revolution, that this fabric turned into denim as we know it today.
Denim is a twill fabric, where the one thread (warp) floats over two or more threads (weft), creating the recognizable diagonal ribbing. Typically for denim today is that only the warp threads are indigo dyed; the weft remains plain white to save on costs. Because the warp passes over 2 or more weft threads, one side of the fabric is indigo blue, and the other is white.
" G-Star designed a range of double-dyed denim styles with an intense blue colour, reminiscent of the Mazarine butterfly "
The Collection
Inspired by Toile de Chine, G-Star designed a range of double-dyed denim styles with an intense blue colour. Double dyed means that, unlike denim today, both the warp and the weft of the fabric are dipped in indigo. Since there are no real samples of Toile de Chine anymore, the G-Star denim designers reconstructed the initial colour.
All aspects were taken into account, including the number of dips in indigo, the tightness of the weaving, and fading experiments. That is also why neither RAW Mazarine fabric is alike and has multiple shades; it reflects the research conducted to recreate this fabric.
> Explore our complete G-Star Collection


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Technical Resources
Data, Maps & Analysis
/ Dominant Cropland Irrigation Water Source, 1982
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Technical Resources
This shaded polygon map shows the dominant water source for irrigated cropland for each 8-digit hydrologic unit. Water sources are categorized by 1) Well, 2) Pond, Lake, or Reservoir, 3) Stream, Ditch, or Canal, 4) Lagoon or Wastewater (not tailwater), and 5) a combination of water sources. The dominant water source is defined as the water source that is the most common in that hydrologic unit. Areas with 95% or more Federal area are shown as gray. Areas without irrigated cropland are left white.
Cautions for this Product:
In many areas shown on this map as irrigated, non- irrigated cropland may be more common than any type of irrigated cropland. The total amount of irrigated cropland may be small. Irrigation of land uses other than cropland is not included. Data are not collected on Federal land. Data are not available for Alaska, and the Pacific Basin. Data for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are shown by 6-digit hydrologic unit.
Source: National Resources Inventory, 1997
Distributor: USDA-NRCS-RIAD
NRI sample data are generally reliable at the 95% confidence interval for state and certain broad substate area analyses. Generally, analyses that aggregate data points by smaller geographic areas and/or more specific criteria result in fewer data points for each aggregation and therefore less reliable estimates. NRI maps reflect national patterns rather than site- specific information.
Aggregate Layer: 8 Digit Hydrologic Unit Areas with Federal Land
Other Layers Displayed: States, Rivers
An artificial waterway used for irrigation. [NRI- 97]
A Land cover/use category that includes areas used for the production of adapted crops for harvest. Two subcategories of cropland are recognized: cultivated and noncultivated. Cultivated cropland comprises land in row crops or close-grown crops and also other cultivated cropland, for example, hayland or pastureland that is in a rotation with row or close-grown crops. Noncultivated cropland includes permanent hayland and horticultural cropland. [NRI-97]
A long, narrow trench or furrow dug in the ground, as for irrigation. [NRI-97]
Hydrologic units:
A hierarchical system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey that divides the United States and the Caribbean into 21 major regions, 222 subregions, 352 accounting units, and further subdivided into 2,150 cataloging units that delineate river basins having drainage areas usually greater than 700 square miles. [USGS]
Irrigated land:
Land that shows evidence of being irrigated during the year of the inventory or during two or more years out of the last four years. Water is supplied to crops by ditches, pipes, or other conduits. Water spreading is not considered irrigation; it is recorded as a conservation practice. [NRI-97]
Lagoon - waste treatment:
An impoundment made by excavation or earthfill for biological treatment of animal or other agricultural waste. [NHCP]
An inland body of water (fresh or salt) of considerable size occupying a basin or hollow on the earth's surface, and which may or may not have a current or single direction of flow. [ASCE- "Nomenclature for Hydraulics"]
A flow of water in a channel or bed, as a brook, rivulet, or small river. [NRI-97]
A hole drilled or bored into the earth providing access to water. [NRI-97]
Product ID: 5948
Production Date: 2/8/01
Product Type: Map
For additional information contact the Resources Inventory and Assessment Division. Please include the Product ID you are inquiring about. firstname.lastname@example.com or 1400 Independence Avenue SW - P.O. Box 2890 - Washington D.C. 20013. If you use our analysis products, please be aware of our disclaimer.
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/1108
- Title
- Warm dark matter versus bumpy power spectra
- Author(s)
- Little, Brett; Knebe, Alexander; Islam, Ranty R.
- Abstract
- In this paper we explore the differences between a warm dark matter (WDM) model and a cold dark matter (CDM) model where the power on a certain scale is reduced by introducing a narrow negative feature ('dip'). This dip is placed in a way so as to mimic the loss of power in the WDM model: both models have the same integrated power out to the scale where the power of the dip model rises to the level of the unperturbed CDM spectrum again. Using N-body simulations we show that some of the large-scale clustering patterns of this new model follow more closely the usual CDM scenario while simultaneously suppressing small-scale structures (within galactic haloes) even more efficiently than WDM. The analysis in the paper shows that the new Dip model appears to be a viable alternative to WDM, but it is based on different physics. Where WDM requires the introduction of a new particle species, the Dip model is based on a non-standard inflationary period. If we are looking for an alternative to the currently challenged standard ΛCDM structure formation scenario, neither the ΛWDM nor the new Dip model can be ruled out based on the analysis presented in this paper. They both make very similar predictions and the degeneracy between them can only be broken with observations yet to come.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. School of Biophysical Sciences and Electrical Engineering. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
- Source
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 341, no. 2 (May 2003), pp. 617-622
- Publication year
- 2003
- Keyword(s)
- methods: N-body simulations; methods: numerical; cosmology: theory; dark matter; large-scale structure of Universe
- Publisher
- Blackwell Publishers
- 0035-8711
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2003 Royal Astronomical Society.
- Peer reviewed


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"I started listening to Catholic Answers Live when I was struck down by an illness that basically left me bedridden. This left me questioning my faith and mortality, and my son introduced the Catholic Answers Live podcast to me. Listening to all the guests explain and defend the Catholic Faith has been instrumental. Has Catholic Answers made a difference in my life? It has become part of my life!"
~ Robyn, Australia
Q&A Newsletter
"Jesus receive our souls."
~ The cries of children, just 5 and 6 years old, burned alive in the arms of their mothers at Miako, Japan; as reported by an English sea captain (Calendar of State Papers: Colonial East Indies, 1617-1621, p. 357).


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Garibaldi: Have you ever tried one of these?
Miss Cramer: What is it?
Garibaldi: I'm not sure. According to the translator, it's either an aphrodisiac or a floor wax. I can't decide if it's worth the risk or not.
--Babylon 5, "Infection"
Eclipse is a popular Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Java programming. It can also be used as an environment for other languages like C++ and Ruby, as a framework for consolidating tools of any kind, and as a Rich Client Platform for creating desktop or server applications. The Eclipse open source community is responsible for dozens of projects, ranging from business intelligence to social networking. Eclipse is the name of the non-profit foundation that manages those projects, as well. (And, while I'm pretty sure it's not a floor wax, there is also an Eclipse automobile, a soccer team, and a brand of chewing gum.)
Eclipse version 3.2 forms the cornerstone of the Eclipse Callisto release train: a simultaneous release of ten Eclipse projects on June 30, 2006. This article will focus on the Eclipse IDE, in particular its Java Development Tools (JDT).
JDT's lineage can be traced back to Visual Age for Java (VAJ), written in Smalltalk around 1996. In VAJ, everything was compiled as you typed and fully resolved in memory. This design didn't scale well, was difficult to extend, and made it hard to recreate file artifacts.
In 1999, the IDE team started working on Visual Age Micro Edition (VAME). Written entirely in Java, it used the Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) for its user interface. VAME was targeted for the embedded space. It used standard Java VMs, and kept the workspace in the file system. However, the files and folder names were unreadable UUIDs.
VAME's incremental compiler was about ten times faster than the one in VAJ. The model was build state-based (as opposed to current Eclipse, which is source-based). VAME had its own repository system called Rapier, and was extensible using plugins.
VAME didn't really catch on in the community, but contained a lot of good ideas that the developers carried to their next project: Eclipse. In 2001, Eclipse 1.0 was released. It was described as "an IDE for anything and nothing in particular." From the beginning, both Eclipse and the JDT were built as a platform for other development tools. The workspace was stored on disk and open to others. Instead of a proprietary repository, Eclipse 1.0 shipped with CVS integration.
Eclipse had one other important difference with its predecessors: it was open source. The user community exploded and became self-sustaining. Most of the new and improved features of Eclipse 3.2 are the direct results of enhancement requests filed by Eclipse users. Over 30,000 requests for fixes and enhancements have been resolved since 3.1. Since it would take too long (and be extremely boring) to go through all of them, we'll just highlight a few that are particularly important for most Java developers.
One of JDT's more powerful features is its built-in incremental Java compiler, which is fully compliant with
javac. Although you can make Eclipse use Ant and
javac, and even have problem markers show up in the IDE (that's new in 3.2), the Eclipse compiler provides better diagnostics and quicker turn-around time.
The JDT compiler was originally written for VAME, and modified for Eclipse. It was built on what the developers call "The Three Rules of Compilation," patterned after Asimov's rules of robotics:
Correctness: When designing a Java compiler, you have to match not only the specs, but the "spirit" of the specs. You don't want to be right alone. So the JDT developers have worked hard over the years to meet the consensus of what the other compilers are doing, including Sun's. Correctness is checked by over 15,000 unit tests in Eclipse 3.2 (compared to zero in VAJ).
Efficiency: Thousands of projects and millions of lines of code is the norm. This has a lot of implications, for example memory consumption has to be predictable and level. Eclipse 3.2 continues to refine this with aggressive optimizations. For example, the developers rewrote a flow graph to use bit operations and it went from 20 percent of the time down to 4 percent.
Friendliness: Reporting errors is an art. A line number is not good enough. Secondary errors are minimized; for example, if you have a missing semicolon in one file, it doesn't impact all the other files that depend upon it. Improved static analysis finds patterns of errors. Eclipse also checks the Javadoc for correctness.
As of release 3.2, the Eclipse compiler is Java-SE-6.0-compliant. That's right, Eclipse supports Java 6 categories and
StackMapTable attributes, even before Java 6 is released. In addition, the compiler has a ton of new diagnostics that will help you discover problems in your code even before you try to run it. VAJ had three diagnostics, compared to the 3.2 compiler, which has 45 diagnostics. Some of the newest ones include detection for:
$NON-NLS$ tags.
Most of these are off by default. You can also silence them using the
@SuppressWarnings annotation.
If you'd like to use the Eclipse compiler outside of Eclipse, starting in 3.2 there is a separate download for that. Its command-line parameters are compatible with
javac, and the download is only about 1MB. Since the Eclipse compiler is open source, a number of other projects, such as Apache Tomcat, bundle it with their software.
The most basic feature of any development environment is the editor. You'll spend most of your time there, so the editor has to be comfortable and unobtrusive, yet powerful. Just about every editor since Emacs has been imbued with at least a rudimentary knowledge of common source languages so that it can provide syntax highlighting. JDT uses its Java model to go way beyond this; for example, it knows the difference between class and instance variables, so it can color them differently. It can even peek inside the source code comments to tell if a method you're calling is obsolete (deprecated) and draw a line through the method call to emphasize that this is a section of code that needs attention.
One of the more useful commands in the Java editor is
Space (content assist). Can't remember what the methods of an object are, or how to spell a class name? Press
Space and Eclipse will offer a list of possibilities that are valid at any given point. Eclipse 3.2 continues to improve this feature. For example, do you find yourself typing long identifiers like "LongJavaName?" Now you can enter "LJN" and press
Space, and Eclipse will know what you mean. This is called CamelCase completion. It works when searching for types, too (
Do you get tired of typing idioms like "
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();"? Don't repeat yourself. In 3.2 you can type this instead: "
Space, "
= new ",
Space, "
();". That's 16 keystrokes instead of 47. Want a different prefix on that variable name? No problem--just start typing it before that second
Space. For example, in 3.2, "
Element root" +
Space is completed to "
Element rootElement" (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Content assist (
Space) continues to get smarter in 3.2 with its support for CamelCase and keeping already-typed characters
Here's another time saver. In 3.2,
Space will dynamically rearrange its suggestions based on your usage patterns. So, for example, if you always assign
ArrayList instances to
List variables, the
ArrayList proposal will be ranked first so you can pick it more quickly. Code completion even works in Javadocs now, so you can create
@links or regular references without having to remember those long names.
Do you ever find yourself asking, "If the IDE is smart enough to figure out there is a problem on this line, why can't it correct it?" Well, Eclipse has a feature called Quick Fix that does that and more. Put your cursor on a line with a problem and press
1, and Eclipse will offer suggestions to fix it.
Each new release of Eclipse adds new quick fixes; for example, in 3.2, if you're getting a warning about using raw types, put the cursor on that line, press
1, and select a fix like "Add type parameters." Also in 3.2, Quick Fix can take care of many common problems in the same file, or even in multiple files, instead of dealing with each problem individually.
One more feature that I wanted to mention is "rename type." If you're like me, you'll often name your variables and methods similarly to your types. For example if you have a
Bar type, you might have a variable called
fBar and a method called
createBar (see Figure 2). The problem is, if you want to rename
Bar to something else, you've got a bunch of other places that have to be changed, too. Well, 3.2 makes this easier by offering to change variables and methods that have similar names to the type you are changing. This magic renaming is one of my favorite features in 3.2.
Figure 2. When you rename a type in Eclipse 3.2, it offers to rename variables and methods that have similar names
In some IDEs, you set one project to be the "main project" and use a global Run command to run the program. Eclipse doesn't work that way. In Eclipse, you have a list of launch configurations, which contain all the details necessary to run or debug or test the code, such as command-line parameters, class paths, JRE versions, and so forth. Eclipse 3.2 makes it easier to manage the launch configurations through the use of filtering and execution environments.
Filtering lets you cut down on the configurations listed to be just the ones in which you're interested. Execution environments let you describe the capabilities of a Java runtime using a generic name like "J2SE-1.4." Eclipse will pick the JRE that meets or exceeds the requirements of the environment you specify.
Do you find yourself running more than one test suite during development? In 3.2 you can have multiple suites running at the same time, and you can go back and look at the history of previous runs. Eclipse 3.2 also supports the latest version of JUnit, version 4.0.
Do you ever find yourself staring at a line of code, wondering who put that in and why? Eclipse 3.2 can show color-based annotations of who did what in the current file by reading the CVS history (see Figure 3). Hovering over a change block will show the developer name, date, and comments that were entered for that change. It will also highlight other sections of code in the rest of the file that were contributed in the same revision.
Figure 3. CVS Quick Diff annotations show color-based annotations of who did what in the file. Hovering over a section shows the details of that revision.
I'm sure you've had this experience: you're calling somebody else's code, and everything is working until they come out with a new version. Then you start getting deprecation warnings, or worse yet, compiler errors, until you modify your program to conform to their changes. Well, Eclipse 3.2 has a cool new feature called "refactoring scripts" that can make this much less painful.
Refactoring, of course, simply means making changes to source code without changing its behavior. For example, maybe there was a field that was misspelled, or a method needed a new parameter. Eclipse has always had good support for automating these changes if you were the developer of the code being changed. And now it provides help for the consumers, too.
Every refactoring operation you do is recorded in a history. Eclipse 3.2 lets you write that history out into a script file, and then play it back later. You can save the script in CVS or include it in a JAR file so users of the JAR can play back the same changes when they get a new version. This is different than applying a patch or diff. Patches only operate on the specific source files for which they were created. Refactoring scripts can operate on any arbitrary source file that uses the refactored API.
Maintaining a growing an API for others to use is hard work, and now Eclipse makes it easier. When you rename a method, Eclipse 3.2 will offer to leave the old method there, mark it deprecated, redirect it to call the new method, and make a refactoring script to automatically convert all callers when they import your new JAR file.
Eclipse has long had a very powerful code formatter to help you apply code formatting standards across an entire team. Version 3.2 takes this a step further with a new Clean Up wizard (see figure 4). Here are just a few things this wizard can optionally do:
@Override and
@Deprecated annotations.
$NON-NLS$ tags, or remove unnecessary ones.
for loops to be enhanced-
for loops.
Serializable and
Externalizable classes.
The Clean Up wizard can be run over one Java file, a package, or a whole project.
Figure 4. The Clean Up wizard lets you apply consistent standards across your entire project (Click for full-size image).
Java programmers have a wide variety of environments to develop in, more so than any other language or platform. I'm not sure why that is--perhaps it's a result of the energy and enthusiasm of the users, or perhaps it's a result of the lack of a single dominating vendor like Microsoft imposing its will and tying their tools directly to the platform. Whatever the reason, Eclipse competes with many alternatives, including NetBeans, IDEA, JDeveloper, and JBuilder. With release 3.2, Eclipse has raised the bar once again on Java IDEs, which will benefit all Java programmers, regardless of which tool you ultimately choose.
Ed Burnette is a professional developer and author living in Cary, North Carolina.
Return to ONJava.com.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


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Beauty Prep School
Get The Most Out Of Your Skin-Care Routine
Photographed by Amelia Alpaugh; Beauty Contribution by Annie Tomlin; Skin-Care Expertise by Sasha Belousova for Paul Labrecque; Styled by Hayley Loewenthal; Camera A by Jack Pearce; Camera B by Kenny Wu
To say skin care can be confusing in this day and age is an understatement. Between your cream gels, serum oils, essences, waters, and your sleeping masks, it can be tricky to tell what to apply and when. And, as we've learned from many an aesthetician and dermatologist, your products won't do you much good if they aren't able to penetrate your skin.
Fortunately, you don't need a degree in cosmetic chemistry to figure out what goes where in your routine. Watch the video to learn the super-simple way to tell what order you should be applying your skin-care lotions and potions in.


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Mr. Garcia was born Nov. 29, 1943, in Berclair to Alonzo and Timotea Garcia.
He was preceded in death by his parents; and a sister, Rebecca Ortiz.
Survivors include a sister, Gregoria (Gabino) Guerrero of Houston; two brothers, Louis (Romana) Garcia of Houston and Domingo E. (Alvina)Garcia Sr. of Beeville.
Visitation was held Tuesday, May 28, from 3 to 9 p.m. at Treviño Funeral Home. A rosary was recited there that evening at 7 o'clock.
The funeral was held Wednesday, May 29, at 9:30 a.m. at the Treviño Funeral Home chapel with a committal service following at the Riverdale Cemetery in Riverdale at 10:45 a.m.
Pallbearers were Domingo P. Garcia Jr., Jesse Garcia, David Garcia, Danny Garcia, Eddie Garcia and Roland Banda Jr.
Treviño Funeral Home


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Ravens walk all over Raiders
Flacco throws for 341 yards, 3 TDs
Joe Flacco threw for 341 yards and three touchdowns and Torrey Smith caught a pair of scores as host Baltimore trounced Oakland.
Punter Sam Koch scored his first NFL touchdown on a fake field goal in the third quarter and Jacoby Jones returned a kickoff 105 yards for a score for the Ravens (7-2).
Baltimore began to open it up before halftime, when Flacco guided a seven-play, 80-yard drive in 1:13 that ended with Ray Rice's 7-yard touchdown burst and sent the Ravens into the break with a 27-10 lead. Baltimore got the ball to start the second half and needed only three plays to find the end zone again, when Flacco and Smith hooked up for a 47-yard score.
Smith and Flacco hooked up on a 20-yard score following a muffed punt by the Raiders with 9:27 left in the third and the special teams took over from there. Koch, serving as the holder on a field goal attempt, peeled off for a 7-yard score later in the third and Jones responded to an Oakland field goal with his second kickoff return TD of the season to make it a 55-20 gap with 12:47 left.
Carson Palmer completed 29 of 45 passes for 368 yards, two touchdowns and an interception for the Raiders (3-6), who turned the ball over three times.
GAME NOTEBOOK: Oakland RBs Darren McFadden and Mike Goodson both missed the game with high ankle sprains. Marcel Reece led the Raiders with 48 yards on 13 carries. … Baltimore TE Dennis Pita made five catches for 67 yards and a touchdown. … The Ravens extended their home winning streak to 15 games - the longest current mark in the NFL.


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Buy for$3.70(10 items)
Written by Dentura on 24.10.2012 at 19:32
To be honest, this is probably my favorite Emperor album. A lot of people say this album is difficult to get into, but for some reason, I found it easier to get into this album than Anthems To The Welkin At Dusk (which is still awesome). That might be because I'm more into progressive-styled metal (this is definitely Emperor's most "proggy" album), than regular black metal (which I still love). The mixing on the vocals is also much better than Anthems. Amazing stuff.


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"I am a convert to the Catholic Church and barely knew the basics about the faith. I have learned so much since I have been listening to Catholic Answers Live. Thank you for answering my questions and helping me better understand my faith."
~ Brenda, Vancouver, WA
Q&A Newsletter
"Who does not see that knowledge precedes faith? Nobody believes unless he knows what to believe."
~ Augustine of Hippo, convert, bishop, theologian, Father and Doctor of the Church, Saint; noting that the assent of faith is a rational act; before it can be made, it must be known for certain that there is a God, that He has spoken, and that what He has spoken is known. (see "Science and the Church")


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WEF Discussion Forums
Laboratory Management and Technical Issues
Dear GGA, We need to talk
I've been communicating with Perry about this problem, and I thought I'd throw it out there for others to ponder.
For seed material, I use rehydrated Polyseed spiked with WWTP raw influent. Historically, this has worked well for BOD and CBOD in the sense that 198 ppm was achievable for both. About two months ago, however, ONLY my CBOD values began to fall drastically into the 150-170 range. TCEQ auditors tell me that I have to use 198ppm as a target for both BOD and CBOD, pointing to SM21 authors who say that overseeding is the answer to raise CBOD GGA values. However, I have not been able to elevate the GGA values by overseeding or by concentrating the Polyseed. I can run a same-day batch of BODs and CBODs using the same equipment, reagents and standards and get 200ppm for BOD and 160 for CBOD. If there are no nitrifiers in Polyseed, how is it that my numbers are so different. I have just recently acquired some seed capsules from BioSystems and will have some results on those next week. No nitrifiers in that seed either, though.
Has this ever happened to anyone else out there? I realize that many/most/all WWTPs may not have to run both BOD and CBOD, so maybe I'm barking up the wrong tree. But, any help is appreciated.
I analyze samples for a WWTP and I use rehydrated Polyseed, with no additions. I routinely analyze both BOD and CBOD with spike values averaging 210 ppm. My CBOD values are higher than my BOD values on average. I use the same amount of seed for both.
We have been having the same poblem with our GGA numbers for the last couple of months. We had been using NSI GGA and decided to try the Environmental Express GGA. So far our numbers are looking good. What brand GGA are you using?
We have had the same problem for last few weeks. We use polyseed, so no nitrifiers. For us, a couple of weeks after the CBOD dropped, the BOD also had a sudden drop. We had 21 GGA's in a row average 200 with a std dev of 7.89 with a couple of outliers at 186 and a 222 (no trending). The previous 102 GGA's averaged 197 with a std. dev of 28.6 (we were adjusting our protocol during this time as well having some trouble with outliers). After the 21 stellar GGA results, we had a sudden drop to 142, back up to 170 then down into the mid 140's again. We have seen this before and ruled out GGA, Polyseed itself , glassware, change in procedure. I am down to that the polyseed is sensitive to a change in our DI water that is exacerbated by the nitrification inhibitor. Grasping at straws really.
I would be very interested in your biosystems results.
I'm sad to report that the Biosystems seed behaved exactly the same. In other words, I had no problem hitting 198 for BOD but that same value for CBOD is elusive. I have overseeded, hyperseeded, insanely seeded the GGAs for CBOD all with the same results: 155-175ish.
I talked with Polyseed yesterday, and they tell me this is quite common and that they do not recommend using polyseed for CBOD. They're telling me that the Hach nitrification inhibitor is toxic to the seed. I've heard all this before. The question is, why can some labs use polyseed and Hach nitrification inhibitor and get identical values (19 for BOD and CBOD? If there truly is a toxic effect, nobody should be able to successfully use these two products together for CBOD analysis.
Over the past six months, I've played with: rehydration volumes, adding WWTP raw influent (from three different cities) to the rehydrating seed, overseeding, Biosystems seed, and different water sources. No matter what I change (one thing at a time), I see the same trend with depressed CBOD values. Everything points to the inhibitor changing the value. So, my next step is to try ATU instead of TCMP. If anybody has any helpful tips for using this form of inhibitor, please let me know.


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Abu Garcia REVO Toro Low-Profile Baitcasting Reel, 50HS
Key Features
Works well in both saltwater and freshwater
Oversized Duragear brass main drive gear
24-lb. Carbon Matrix drag system
Rugged, lightweight X-Cräftic aluminum alloy
7 HPCR bearings with instant anti-reverse
Our Price $269.99
Availability: Sold Out
- Please note: This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
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Product DescriptionThe new REVO Toro Low-Profile Baitcast Reels have started a REVOlution among serious anglers everywhere. With a sleek, ergonomic design, the REVO Toro is smaller and fits more comfortably in your hand, yet holds more line and gives you a smoother, faster cast every time. Designed to offer the line capacity of a round reel, the Toro holds up well in both freshwater or saltwater.
This reel delivers premium fish-fighting power thanks to its oversized Duragear brass main drive gear. Its 24-lb. Carbon Matrix drag system is remarkably smooth and significantly more powerful than any other reel in its class. Rugged, lightweight X-Cräftic aluminum alloy frame and sides. Seven High Performance Corrosion Resistant (HPCR) bearings with instant anti-reverse provide durability and long life.
Other Abu Garcia REVO Features:
• Infini II Spool diminishes friction
• Synchronized TiN-coated level wind system
• 6-pin centrifugal brake
• Bait clicker
• Line out alarm
• Lube port
• Extended power and throw handles
• Water-protected


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The Cochecton Town Board voted unanimously at its November 13 monthly meeting to adopt the newly amended Climate Smart Community Pledge provided by Sullivan County. Cochecton became a target of criticism from the Department of Environmental Conservation for its failure to adopt all elements of the first Climate Action Plan (CAP) received from the county earlier this year, when town supervisor Gary Maas edited the first CAP document to include only those elements with which Cochecton could currently comply. Making no attempt to conceal his satisfaction at this outcome, Maas remarked that he felt a sense of personal vindication and was pleased that feedback from other towns of Cochecton's size and demographics had prompted the county to draft a document containing more realistic near-term goals.
The CAP notwithstanding, the first order of business was to vote on a resolution for early payment of the town's New York State and Local Retirement System invoice. The town has a longstanding policy of making early payment on the invoice, next due on February 1, 2014. If payment is made by December 15, 2013, the town will realize a savings of $780. Early payment was guaranteed by unanimous vote.
In correspondence news, Maas read a notice from the Senior Legislative Action Committee of Sullivan County (SLAC) announcing that Theresa Tolonsky will address American Cancer Society issues affecting Americans of all ages, including unexpected out-of-network medical bills and palliative care concerns, at SLAC's next monthly meeting on Friday, November 22, at 10 a.m. in the Legislative Hearing Room of the Government Center in Monticello. SLAC is an organization that advocates for senior needs and services on the federal, state and local level. Its meetings are free and open to the public. SLAC's holiday meeting will be held Friday, December 20, at the Ted Stroebele Recreation Center in Monticello. For more information about SLAC call 845/807-0241.
Miscellaneous news from various segments of the meeting included Upper Delaware Council liaison Larry Richardson's report that the council has observed a 10% drop in river use since 2012. Code Enforcement Officer Greg Semenetz reported that many homeowners around the town are putting new roofs on their homes. Maas and Semenetz discussed the ongoing completion of the new town hall basement, weighing the bids, credentials and reputations of general contractors and electrical contractors. Contractor selections were made and, pending availability of those contractors, the basement should be completed by December 31.
For more information about the Town of Cochecton, its government and officials, visit www.townofcochectonny.org [2].


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Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – The Panasonic Lumix GM1 features a substantial 16MP Live MOS sensor in a body that's barely bigger than a pack of cards. Is this the perfect pocketable CSC? Read our Lumix GM1 review to find out
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review
Not to be outshone by its rivals, Panasonic seem to have their finger on the pulse when it comes to imaginative designs and the recent release of the Panasonic Lumix GM1 is a classic example. With a body size that's not dissimilar to that of a pack of cards, Panasonic have yet again demonstrated what is possible in terms of the technology that can be squeezed inside a tiny space.
The question is; has the GM1 been made so small that it has an adverse effect on the handling and performance?
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – Features
Interestingly, Panasonic sought inspiration from its premium GX7 before developing the GM1. Though there's a significant difference in size between the two, the GM1 inherits many of the GX7's innards, which can only be seen as a good thing having been so impressed by the GX7's performance earlier in the year.
Behind the GM1's Micro Four Thirds lens mount that makes it compatible with all Micro Four Thirds lenses, lies the same 16MP Live MOS sensor as found in the GX7. This is capable of a 4592×3448 pixel output with a standard output sensitivity range of 200-25,600, and is extendable to an equivalent of ISO 125.
Panasonic previously said the GX7 is capable of producing up to 10% better images than the GX1, and this is also true of the GM1 thanks to the inclusion of the latest Venus processing engine that's designed to have better light-gathering capabilities, an improved image noise performance as well as a broader dynamic range.
It's perhaps no surprise to find that the camera also inherits Panasonic's tried-and-tested Light Speed AF system which has a sensor data read out time of 240fps and focus speeds of around 0.06secs. For practical control of focusing, the GM1 also supports Focus Peaking in three levels (High, Low, Off). The purpose of this is to illuminate the in-focus areas of an image onscreen to make them more visible – an extremely useful feature that comes into its own when focusing manually, both on near and far subjects.
In addition to this, those who regularly find themselves shooting in low-light will appreciate the GM1's -4EV detection range (roughly equivalent to starlight), while there's also the intuitive Pin-Point AF mode that allows you to precisely select the area of focus within a magnified view of up to 10x on the screen.
LCD Screen
On the subject of the screen, this is an area where the GM1 differs to the GX7. Rather than being the tilt type, the 3in, 1,036k-dot display remains fixed, however its 100% coverage of the sensor and touch functionality will prove popular for novice users and more advanced photographers who may be looking at the GM1 as a pocket-friendly alternative to a larger camera.
Another feature that'll appeal to the more experienced photographer includes an impressive shutter speed range that spans from 60 – 1/16000 sec – something that's made possible thanks to the GM1's electronically-controlled focal plane shutter. To help reduce the size of the shutter mechanism, the shutter itself is powered by a small stepping motor instead of having a sprung-loaded design.
The result is a maximum mechanical shutter speed of up to 1/500sec, after which the electronic shutter takes it up to 1/16,000sec. Other reductions in size have been made to the sensor unit and circuit board, both of which are said to have been reduced by 30% according to the manufacturer.
Missing viewfinder
The key feature the GM1 lacks is a viewfinder. Unlike two of its rivals – the Sony RX100 II and Pentax Q7, there's sadly no option to attach one via an accessory port or a hot shoe, leaving users of the camera to rely solely on the screen for composition purposes.
There is a small popup flash that sits flush to the body when not in use and for those who'd like to rattle off a quick succession of shots, the GM1 can shoot at up to 5fps set to its AF-S autofocus mode with its mechanical shutter, or up to a spritely 40fps once the electronic shutter is enabled.
Despite its dinky proportions, the GM1 features Wi-fi connectivity, just as we've come to expect from Panasonic's G-series cameras.
To take full advantage of it users will be required to install the free Panasonic Image app (available for iOS and Android) from after which it's possible to transfer images wirelessly before sharing them with others, or alternatively there's the option to control the camera remotely and take control of settings without having to physically hold the camera.
To round off its feature set, Full HD 1920×1080 video is supported in variety of frame rates with an image sensor output of 50p,25p and 24p in the AVCHD format, or 25p in the more versatile MP4 format. As to be expected there is a stereo microphone, but the lack of a hot shoe to support an external mic is the giveaway there's no 3.5mm port.
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – Design
The key talking point about the Panasonic GM1 is its size, and to come up with the idea it's as if Panasonic's designers upended a lens, drew around the circumference of the Micro Four Thirds mount with a pencil and said that would be the height of the camera the body should be designed to.
This is no bad thing however, and thanks to it being so small it's lightweight, weighing a mere 204g (body only) that rises to just 274g when the G Vario 12-32mm f/3.5-5.6 MEGA OIS kit lens is attached.
The lens is bespoke to the GM1 and is superbly made with a smooth zoom ring that has to be rotated to extend the lens to its minimum focal length. Equivalent to 24-62mm, the lens protrudes from the front of the body but remains slim to ensure it easily fits most trouser or jacket pockets.
The metal-to-metal lens to body mount adds to the cameras high-end feel and soon after picking the camera up you get the sense Panasonic has paid close attention to its finish. There are no creaks from the GM1's body when its squeezed, while the durable magnesium alloy construction that's united with the faux-leather frontage puts it in a higher league of finish compared to its Lumix cousin, the GF6.
Due to the nature of its size, the body isn't littered with buttons. A mode dial offering full manual control is provided, as is a switch to control the autofocus mode (AF-S, AF-C, MF), with a customizable function button located within, which can be used to switch on Wi-fi as default. At the rear beside the screen there's a small thumb wheel to change settings or scroll through the menu, but for most commands the touchscreen can be used.
The Q.Menu gives instant access to important settings such image quality, drive mode and metering modes, while the central button within the thumb wheel loads the main menu, with white text appearing on black and bold icons positioned off to the side.
In the average sized hand, the GM1 feels small, meaning those with large hands or thick fingers could find it problematic to use. At times we found our thumb casually rested over the top of the screen, and this combined with the amount you rely on the touchscreen means the screen does need a wipe frequently to keep it fingerprint free.
There's no handgrip to wrap your fingers around either, and while this may have been done on purpose to preserve the minimalist styling, it certainly wouldn't have gone amiss. In an attempt to make up for the oversight, Panasonic has produced the DMW-HGR1 (£88) handgrip that attaches via the tripod thread, but this seems an exorbitant price of pay for what should have been included in the design or offered as an extra within the box.
The other compromise you have to make for it being so small is the lack of command dials to control aperture and shutter speed independently. If this is a preferable for your style of working, you may find the GX7's larger body and twin command dial design better for you.
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – Performance
Whereas most CSCs can shoot over 300 frames before a recharge is required, the Panasonic GM1 has a more modest battery life of 220 images. The physical size of the battery is smaller than that used for the Lumix GF6 and GX7, and given its conservative battery life, it's disappointing the GM1 doesn't support USB charging.
At some point or other, most users of the GM1 will find themselves purchasing an additional DMW-BLH7E battery pack, and it's worth bearing in mind this could cost an extra £55.
The GM1 really impresses when it comes to focusing. Just like the GX7, the GM1 locks onto targets in a blink of an eye and rarely struggles or shows any signs of hesitation in low-light, which is in part thanks to its bright orange AF assist beam. Having the option to pin-point, reposition and resize the AF point so intuitively means you can work incredibly quickly without waiting around for the camera to function.
In single (AF-S) mode it always feels one step ahead, whereas switched to continuous (AF-C) mode the kit lens did have a tendency to hunt, with a very low-frequency whir. This was picked up by the in-built mic when recording HD video, but could barely be traced in anything other than silent scenes.
Face detection and AF tracking work instinctively too, with the latter being able to follow most slow-medium paced subjects around the scene, keeping up to speed with sporadic movements.
Lens and screen
With the lens pre-extended, the Panasonic Lumix GM1 fires into life in a fraction over a second and just wants to get on with the job of taking images. Retract the lens with the camera still switched on though and won't go into its sleep mode for over five minutes – something we'd like to see speeded up to preserve the already limiting battery life.
Although the 3in screen at the rear may not be the vari-angle or tilt type we're so used to seeing on G-series models, it's an impressive display all the same. The 1,037k-dot resolution provides a clear view of detail with an image, both for composition and review. The rich colours and high level of clarity tie in well with its functionality and for those coming from a touchscreen device such as a smartphone or tablet, the double tap, pinch and zoom and slide gestures will be welcome for reviewing images in playback mode.
Though its been said before, if there's one minor gripe, its that the 3:2 aspect ratio of the screen doesn't marry up with the native 4:3 format of the GM1's sensor, resulting in small black bars running either side of the image, though for those shooting video in 16:9 format or images in 3:2 (at a reduced resolution), this may offer the best all round solution.
Something we've long been a fan of is Panasonic's sophisticated, yet refined menu system. The GM1's is no different, with options in the menu being listed in priority order – for example the picture size, image quality and sensitivity are all listed on the first page under the record heading.
There's an excellent level of customization too, particularly in the Q.Menu where five of your most frequently used settings can be arranged from a selection of twelve options.
For those who'd like to take advantage of touch shutter, whereby the shutter can be fired by simply touching the screen, the small outwards arrow above the function button at the bottom right of the screen can be used. The onscreen function button mentioned above can be used to turn on the electronic leveling function or reveal a live histogram based on the positioning of the AF-point.
Loaded with a class 10 Lexar Premium Series SDHC card, the GM1 is capable of shooting 7 Raw files at 5fps before the buffer interrupts and slows down shooting. Switching the file format the Raw&JPEG resulted in the same figure, while it was happy to shoot a continuous burst of JPEG files without slowing up for over 27 files.
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – Image Quality
Panasonic Lumix GM1 review sample image gallery
The key difference between the GM1 and the similarly sized Pentax Q7 is the increased level of detail that the sensor is able to resolve. The GM1's Micro Four Thirds chip is significantly larger than the 1/1.7in type as found on the Q7 and as a result our lab tests revealed that it's capable of resolving 24 lines per mm (lpmm). This puts it on par with the GX7, which isn't surprising given that it's the same sensor partnered alongside the same image processor.
A 24lpmm readout was observed up to ISO 800 beyond which detail slowly starts to tail off, with a readout of 20lpmm at ISO 6400 and 18lpmm readout at its highest ISO 25,600 setting.
Image Noise
An inspection of JPEG images at 100% revealed a noise-free performance between ISO 125-400, with only the faintest trace of noise visible in images at ISO 800. Luminance noise becomes progressively pronounced at ISO 1600 and 3200, with finer detail becoming harder to distinguish at ISO 6400 and beyond. ISO 12800 is just about useable if you're desperate, but we'd say clear of using ISO 25,600.
It's a similar story for Raw files, with noise creeping in fractionally later at ISO 1600. Again, ISO 3200 and 6400 can be used effectively by adding a touch of noise reduction in post processing and the most noticeable fall off in detail is traced between ISO 6400 and 12,800, with ISO 25,600 producing an unwanted waxy appearance but with relatively little colour noise.
Raw vs JPEG
A side-by-side comparison of JPEG versus Raw revealed you'll want to shoot in the latter format to achieve the very best results and image quality from the GM1's sensor. While JPEGs do appear a fraction sharper and have a touch more contrast applied (most noticeable at higher ISOs), Raw files display more noise at higher sensitivities, but ultimately retain better detail and don't feature a waxy appearance.
Given the choice to shoot JPEG or Raw, we'd always shoot Raw, however the GM1 does provide the option to shoot both simultaneously with the choice of either standard or fine JPEG capture. At the time of writing the GM1's Raw files were supported by a Camera Raw and DNG converter 8.3 release candidate via Adobe labs.
Colour and White Balance
We found little to fault in regard to how well the GM1 resolves colour. Straight out the camera images appear as vibrant as we remember seeing them with our eyes at the point of capture, however there is the option to enhance colour saturation and vibrancy with seven different photo styles, which include Standard, Vivid, Natural, Monochrome, Scenery, Portrait and Custom.
For day-to-day shooting we selected Standard and only switched to Vivid or Scenery modes when a little extra punch was required in overcast conditions. The Auto White Balance System can be relied on too. It produced accurate tones that appeared neither too warm nor too cool in outdoor and indoor scenes we subjected the camera to on test.
The GM1 adopts the 1728-zone multi-pattern sensing system from the Lumix GX7, which has been tried and tested before in the Lumix G6. It's a system that works effectively – producing accurate exposures in a vast range of lighting conditions from dark indoor scenes through to high-contrast landscapes.
In scenes where there's stark contrast, the GM1's i.Dynamic mode is handy for retaining a little extra detail in the shadows. There's the choice of five modes – Auto, High, Standard, Low, or Off. For many of our shots we left it set to Auto and found no disadvantage in doing so.
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – Verdict
Panasonic have achieved something quite remarkable with the GM1. The way such impressive features have been squeezed into such a small body goes to show what is possible, and as well as being a great technological achievement in its own right, its put its own stamp on what we define as compact in compact system camera.
In comparison with a majority of other CSCs, and other Lumix models for that matter, it makes the competition look big and bulky. The GM1's petite size will undoubtedly win people over, especially those that don't want bulk but want the versatility of being able to interchange lenses. With the kit lens or Panasonic's 20mm f/1.7 LUMIX G II ASPH G pancake lens it's an ideal pocket-friendly companion, but with anything bigger, such as a long telephoto zoom, it feels a bit lost and indistinct.
While we're full of praise of the features, build quality and image quality, the performance, or to be more specific the battery life is the underlying concern. You really need to be able to shoot more than the allotted 220 images from a single charge, and what with USB charging not being supported, the main trade off for choosing a camera so small is having a much more limited battery life. While we predict users will run out of power fairly quickly, at least there is the option of purchasing an additional battery.
Other than the battery life issue, the GM1 is a cracking little camera and would make a top choice for those stepping up from a basic point and shoot compact or those seeking a model that's smaller and less cumbersome than the camera they already own.
The GM1 could also spark the arrival of other dinky system cameras from other manufacturers, so watch this space, it could become a camera in a new sector of the market.
Panasonic Lumix GM1 Review – Sample Image Gallery
This is just a small selection of images captures with the Panasonic Lumix GM1. For a wider range of images, along with a full set of ISO comparison shots, head to the Panasonic Lumix GM1 review sample image gallery.
First Look
Panasonic's new ultra-compact Micro Four Thirds CSC is quite a feat of engineering. Using the same 16MP sensor and Venus processing engine as the excellent GX7, Panasonic's engineers have worked hard to reduce the size of pretty much every internal component to arrive at the GM1's diminutive proportions of 99 x 55 x 30mm. That's actually smaller than Pentax's Q7, which sports a much smaller sensor.
Panasonic say they've reduced the size of the sensor unit by 30%, the shutter size by 80% and the circuit board by 30%, while the GM1 features a aluminium frame and magnesium alloy chassis which we have to say provides a real high-end, luxury feel.
There's a broad ISO range from 125-25,600, while the contrast-detect AF system can focus in light levels as poor as -4EV, so we should expect a similar performance to the GX7 in that respect.
With such a compact body, its little surprise not to see a built-in electronic viewfinder, while the GM1 has also foregone a hotshoe, so there isn't the option to attach an optical viewfinder at a later date. That said, that isn't the market its aimed at and the large 3in touch-sensitive display appeared bright and crisp in our brief hands-on.
There's no space inside the body for NFC connectivity, but it does have Wi-fi built in and couples with Panasonic Image App to allow remote shooting with mobiles or tablets and instant sharing of images to the web.
The GM1 will be shipping with a newly developed 12-32mm f/3.5-5.6 Lumix G Vario lens (Micro Four Thirds equivalent 24-64mm), which is incredibly compact, collapsing down to the size of a pancake lens when positioned in it off position. Not only that, but it incorporates a stepping-motor for smooth AF and the metal exterior is a nice complement to the metal body.
The GM1 and 12-32mm lens will be available as a kit from the middle of November priced at £629.
First Thoughts
Panasonic believe they've found a gap in the market for the GM1 – those looking for a high-quality, large sensor camera, but with a small footprint and who place a lot of emphasis on style.
We have to say that it certainly looks the part, and while we're impressed with the engineering that's gone into the GM1, it almost feels just that bit too small from our initial experience with it. This may be a personal thing, and we'll get a clearer idea of what its like to shoot and live with once we get our hands on a full test sample.


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"Approaching, do not come with your palms stretched flat nor with fingers separated. But making your left hand a seat for your right, and hollowing your palm, receive the Body of Christ, responding Amen. And having with care hallowed your eyes by the touch of the Holy Body, take it, vigilant lest you drop any of it."
~ Cyril, Bishop of Jerusalem, Doctor of the Church, Saint; on the proper technique for receiving Holy Communion in the hand (circa A.D. 347).


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View Rule
|View EO 12866 Meetings
|Printer-Friendly Version Download RIN Data in XML
|Publication ID: Spring 2011
|Title: Facility Guarantee Loan Program (FGP)
|Abstract: The FGP provides payment guarantees to finance commercial exports of U.S. manufactured goods and services that will be used to improve agriculture-related facilities. Under the provisions of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, regulations will incorporate changes to simplify the implementation and application process of the FGP program. Improvements to the application process will be incorporated into the proposed rule. USDA will incorporate program changes that resulted from automation of the sales registration process, the establishment of regional programs, and changes to construction requirements. USDA will add and refine definitions within the regulations.
|Agency: Department of Agriculture(USDA)
|Priority: Substantive, Nonsignificant
|RIN Status: Previously published in the Unified Agenda
|Agenda Stage of Rulemaking: Proposed Rule Stage
|Major: No
|Unfunded Mandates: No
|CFR Citation: 7 CFR 1493
|Legal Authority: 7 USC 5602, 5622, 5661, 5662, 5663, 5664, 5676 15 USC 714b(d), 714c(f)
Legal Deadline:
|Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required: No
|Government Levels Affected: None
|Small Entities Affected: No
|Federalism: No
|Included in the Regulatory Plan: No
|RIN Information URL: www.fas.usda.gov
|RIN Data Printed in the FR: No
Agency Contact:
Tamoria S Thompson-Hall
Budget Analyst
Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
Room 6087, Room 6083-S, MS 1028, 1400 Independence Avenue SW,
Washington, DC 20250-1028
Phone:202 690-1690
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Janet from FantasticToe.com invited me to check out their site, and I must say I'm impressed! Fantastic Toe is a shoe community where you can share shoe pics, meet other shoe lovers, tell your shoe stories, and even organize your footwear collection. I just joined in less than a minute and invite you, my fellow shoe addicts to do the same - it's FREE - so what are you waiting for? Visit FantasticToe.com now! … [Read more...]
My Shoes are Fantastic
November 12, 2008 By 2 Comments


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New Approach Needed to Dismantle Street Gangs
Harry C. Alford | 4/10/2013, 2:20 p.m.
During my research on street gangs, one thing became clear: They are the primary source for drug distribution. The crimes conducted by these street gangs on a daily basis also include murder, bribery, extortion, robbery, carjacking, prostitution, human trafficking, and money laundering. Some gangs concentrate on some of these crimes but all of them have drug trafficking as their number one activity. This makes them truly a menace to our society. Yet, we ignore them for the most part. We tend to be blind to their destruction and terror. There are 1.4 million street gang members (2011) and we act like they don't exist.
There are more than 2.1 million men and women incarcerated. The majority are there for drug related -crimes. Approximately 650,000 persons are released from our jails/prisons each year but at least 52 percent will return within three years for parole violation or a criminal act. It is a social disgrace to have that many human beings incarcerated and then they get into a "revolving door." The cost of housing a state prisoner can be as high as $45,000 per year. Wait - it gets worse. It is so disappointing that when we persuade a company to hire some of our youngsters for on the job training they cannot pass a drug test. During the Katrina rebuilding, we warned potential job applicants that they would be tested for drugs and urged them to become clean. For many it was too late because they were hooked and couldn't shake it.
Dealing is a very big "business" for many drug dealers and unlike many other sectors in the U.S., business is booming. The gang leaders don't have a recruiting program; they "draft" top prospects. One day, my aunt in Los Angeles asked her grandson if he were in the Crips. His reply was, "Grandma, I have no choice; it is Crips or die."
And these young members have quotas to fill. They must push dope and get as many hooked as possible. The Peoria, Ill. Chamber of Commerce once did a job study for Black youth (18 - 30). The number one employer was the city government; number two was the local utility company and number three was the illegal drug activity. Peoria has a population of approximately 100,000 persons. No place of any size is immune from drug trafficking. I could not find credible estimates of how large the illegal drug business is in America but with certainly it is at least $250 billion per year. I bet we would be surprised where some of it ends up.
My brothers and sisters we have an extreme problem that needs urgent fixing. I would like to see Black elected officials become more active about addressing this problem. It is my firm belief that withdrawal programs are not the end solution. We need to come together and do something radically progressive. Nothing that has been tried in the past has improved this "illness."
The time has come for bold, Americana style action. The first thing we should do is legalize drugs. Treat it like liquor and cigarettes by taxing it to the limit and regulate it wisely. The demand for illegally transported drugs will soon dry up and the use of street gangs will be a public danger. We could close many prisons and reduce enforcement officers along with parole and probation officers.


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Solving the talent crisis with education and training is more complicated than it sounds. Many of today's students choose other professional avenues over a career in manufacturing, and manufacturing training programs often come at a very high cost. "Manufacturing has been an industry outsourced overseas … so a lot of families and parents aren't encouraging their kids to get into manufacturing," says Jim Hefti, vice president of human resources at Advanced Technology Services. "Now you're seeing a resurgence, but you don't necessarily have the skill sets to fill the need." Inquire within
The manufacturing skills gap is not only occurring with machinists. We are constantly reminded that the talent shortage is occurring at multiple levels of the organization. While it presents a difficult question for companies who need workers, it's also a great opportunity for those willing to devote the time and effort to become competent in a manufacturing career path such as supply chain and operations management. In the current economic climate, it's vital to demonstrate to employers that you have the knowledge and ability to perform the job. It requires external markers of skill, which include direct work experience, secondary education degrees, and respected industry certifications.
The APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM) and Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP) designations were created with the goal of demonstrating an individual's commitment to acquiring current industry knowledge and achieving continual development. In supply chain and operations management, an APICS CPIM or CSCP credential proves your command of a discipline that's not only growing in importance, but is constantly changing.
It's true that the United States is in the midst of a manufacturing resurgence; but it may require deeper societal changes before the talent crisis is solved. In the meantime, savvy professionals can take advantage of the shortage by enhancing their own worth to employers. And they can do this through the education and training that APICS provides. To learn more about the benefits of APICS certification, visit our website at apics.org. Idea exchange
Now, you can take the APICS Operations Management Now discussion to your social networks on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and the APICS Supply Chain Channel. Be sure to use the hashtag #OMNow and include @Tweet_APICS in any tweets to have your words featured on the APICS homepage.
Demonstrated Forward Thinking
By Elizabeth Rennie
May/June 2012, APICS magazine
Sharing a Common Outlook
By Gary A. Smith, CPIM, CSCP
May/June 2011, APICS magazine
Anchor Change
By John R. Schultz
March/April 2011, APICS magazine
I have been un-employed for almost a year,
because the organization for which I had worked merged the division into
another in a different state. Therefore, I had been struggling to get into
another job as a material and production planner. The organizations to which I
had sent my resume (238) are looking youngsters with less experience to perform
the job that I had been doing for 20 plus years and with a BA in management. Of
those 238 applications, I went to an interview to 25 of them, for some am
overqualified, some others does not bother to respond. Aim a healthy 60 years
old man looking to engage into a job market for at least 10 more years. Aging
discrimination is a fact that I had been encountering because is denying the
opportunity to mature people to fill up those open positions.
Type the code from the image


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Twill Drapey Utility Crop
Style: 570107090
Out of Stock
Easy going, airy and comfortable, our smocked stretch hem and cargo pockets bring a utility feel to these twill pants. Gold buttons and rhinestone details deliver a dose of femininity.
- Relaxed fit. Elastic hem.
- Button shank closure with zip. Back button shank flap pockets with grosgrain and rhinestone rivet belt loops.
- Front patch pockets. Side cargo pockets with looped closure, grosgrain and rhinestone trim.
- 63% rayon, 37% cotton. Machine wash. Imported.
- Regular inseam: 28"
- Petite inseam: 26"
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Deer hunt numbers down for this year
Washington County saw 132 fewer deer harvested in the most recent hunting season than the previous year, according to Ohio Department of Natural Resources records.
The end of archery season on Feb. 3 marked the completion of the 2012-13 deer season. During the more-than-four-month archery season and shorter gun and muzzleloader periods, 4,091 deer were taken in the county, a decrease of about 3.1 percent.
Statewide totals were about 1 percent behind last year's totals going into muzzleloader season. Wildlife officials attributed the lower numbers to a variety of factors, including efforts to decrease the size of the herd, the season starting a week earlier and a lack of snowy weather.
But the numbers received a boost during the Jan. 5-8 muzzleloader season, with more than 21,000 deer harvested, representing a 12 percent increase from the year before.
"The muzzleloader season was up significantly this year, so everything kind of evened out," said Lindsay Rist, wildlife communications specialist for the ODNR Division of Wildlife's District 4, which includes southeast Ohio.
The final statewide total of 218,910 deer taken was less than four-tenths of a percent lower than the 2011-12 total.
Washington County actually saw a small decline – 20 deer – during muzzleloader season, but surrounding counties were up, from 11 more in Athens County to 120 more in Morgan County.
The lower harvest totals didn't translate to less activity at the Barlow Volunteer Fire Department, which offered lunch to hunters and other residents during the deer gun season from Nov. 26 to Dec. 2.
"We get a lot of community as well as hunters, so we get a lot of support," said Janet Seaman, the department's treasurer.
The Lakeside Motel in Beverly had 30 of its 38 rooms booked by hunters during the gun season. In Marietta, Magnuson Hotel manager David Fitzgerald said it seemed like there were fewer hunters at that establishment this winter, continuing a trend in recent years.
Still, any boost outside the warmer weather traveling season is a benefit, Fitzgerald said.
"It's people in December, and that's important," he said.


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One of Casio's slimmest time pieces to date, the "Poptone Cubic Puzzle Watch" has a long case with a custom designed LCD display and buttons arranged at the bottom in a Tetris-like layout.
The rubber case and band make this a casual design but it's functional too, with a stopwatch, alarm and date mode.
With the added touch of an attractive animating display and patent white clasp, this is a modern design that you'll love!
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UK: Bakkavor in talks for debt-to-equity conversion
UK own-label manufacturer Bakkavor is in talks with its lenders to negotiate an early conversion of outstanding bank debts into equity and to reorganise its corporate structure.
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Authorities say a 55-year-old man who shot and wounded an Adams County sheriff's deputy has died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
The Adams County sheriff's office says Thomas Costigan of West Allis was pronounced dead Wednesday evening.
The sheriff's office says Costigan shot Deputy Todd Johnson Tuesday after Johnson and another deputy went to a house in the Town of Big Flats looking for Costigan's wife.
The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reports West Allis police had notified Adams County authorities that the woman, who had a no-contact order against Costigan, was reported missing and that she might be with him.
Sheriff Sam Wollin says the suspect fired several shots at the deputies, wounding Johnson before shooting himself. He says the deputies did not return fire.
Johnson's condition was not released.


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Calculus and Its Applications, Thirteenth Edition is a comprehensive, yet flexible, text for students majoring in business, economics, life science, or social sciences. The authors delve into greater mathematical depth than other texts while motivating students through relevant, up-to-date, applications drawn from students' major fields of study. The authors motivate key ideas geometrically and intuitively, providing a solid foundation for the more abstract treatments that follow. Every chapter includes a large quantity of exceptional exercises—a hallmark of this text--that address skills, applications, concepts, and technology. The Thirteenth Edition includes updated applications, exercises, and technology coverage. The authors have also added more study tools, including a prerequisite skills diagnostic test and a greatly improved end-of-chapter summary, and made content improvements based on user reviews.


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First year of deal = 2.5 MILLION?!?!
That is highway robbery and a moronic signing. Nice work Steelers coaching and FO.
First year of deal = 2.5 MILLION?!?!
That is highway robbery and a moronic signing. Nice work Steelers coaching and FO.
Be a good fan. Support the team and FO.
The phrase "same old, same old" is getting very literal in Pittsburgh right now.
I always been A Tomlin /Colbert supporter but these last two years are leaving a lot of question marks in my eyes. All this bringing back have been. Make me think that neither can spot talent and another losing embarrassing season and One or both need a quick ticket out of town.
$2.5 in year one ... does that include SB... if so, that's peanuts for a guy who just may start, but, they're hoping is simply an experienced backup... good job FO
2013 MNF Executive Champion!
Round 1, Pick 25 (25): Artie Burns, CB; Miami
Round 2, Pick 27 (58 ): Sean Davis, S; Maryland
Round 3, Pick 26 (89): Javon Hargrave, DT; South Carolina State
Round 4, Pick 25 (123): Jerald Hawkins, OT; LSU
Round 6, Pick 45 (220) (Compensatory Selection): Travis Feeney, OLB; Washington
Round 7, Pick 8 (229) (From Giants): DeMarcus Ayers, WR; Houston
Round 7, Pick 25 (246): Tyler Matakevich, OLB; Temple
I hope I'm wrong but I can't see how this team will be any better this year than last.