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This page contains answers to many frequently asked questions about the nonprofit sector. More detailed technical notes are also available in the KnowledgeBase.
What are nonprofit organizations?
Formal organizations in the United States are typically thought about in three broad categories:
Although there are legal distinctions among nonprofit organizations and different reporting requirements, all are exempt from paying federal income taxes. About half of nonprofits - called charitable organizations - are exempt under Section 501(c)(3). This status permits donations to charities to be tax-deductible to the donor.
Are all nonprofit organizations public charities?
No. Public charities represent a substantial portion of the nonprofit sector, but not all nonprofit organizations are public charities.
Public charities receive their tax-exemption under subsection (3) of Section 501(c). This privileged status allows donors to make tax-deductible contributions to the organization. The IRS defines these organizations as "charitable" because they serve broad public purposes in educational, religious, scientific, and artistic fields, among others, as well as the relief of poverty and other public benefit activities.
Other tax-exempt organizations and their 501(c) subsection include:
What is the difference between a "nonprofit" and a "not-for-profit" organization?
There is no legal distinction; the terms are often used interchangeably.
How do nonprofit organizations differ from for-profit organizations?
Generally, the purposes of nonprofit organizations and for-profit organizations differ, and the purpose of a nonprofit forms the basis of its formal exemption from paying federal income taxes.
Additionally, unlike for-profit organizations, most nonprofit organizations are legally constrained from distributing residual earnings (profits) to individuals who exercise control over the firm, such as officers, directors, or members. Nonprofit organizations are not prohibited from earning profits or paying reasonable compensation to employees, but they must devote any surplus to the continuing operation of the organization or distribute it to noncontrolling persons.
Which nonprofit organizations are required to file with the IRS? Do they file the Form 990, 990-EZ, 990-PF, or 990-N?
There is a difference between registration and filing. Tax-exempt organizations with at least $5,000 in annual gross receipts must register with the IRS, but they are not required to file one of the forms in the 990 series until they reach annual gross receipts of $50,000 for tax years ending on or after December 31, 2010. Religious congregations have automatic Section 501(c)(3) status and are not required to register or file. Foundations of any size must register and file.
Following the IRS' introduction of a new Form 990 series, a new set of requirements are being phased in over a 3 year period as described on the IRS website. Organizations must file one of the following forms for the 2010 tax year according to the following eligibility criteria:
How many nonprofit organizations are there in the United States?
In 2012, there were more than 1.4 million exempt organizations that had formally obtained recognition of their tax-exempt status from the IRS.
In addition, there are many other organizations that are not required to register with the IRS. These organizations fall primarily into two categories:
To learn more about the number and types of nonprofit organizations that have filed with the IRS in the United States, please click here.
How many nonprofit organizations are in each state?
Information on charitable and other nonprofit organizations by state is available on this website. Click below to view:
Information on the distribution of other tax-exempt organizations is not available.
What are the biggest public charities in the United States by assets or expenses?
Click here to see the NCCS list of top ten charities by major group (arts, health, human service, etc).
The Chronicle of Philanthropy and the NonProfit Times also compile lists periodically.
Please note that these lists vary because of different criteria. For example, some lists may exclude supporting organizations (those that primarily support programs of other charities, such as United Ways) or higher education institutions or hospitals.
Do you have information on the number and types of nonprofit organizations in major cities across the United States? Over time?
NCCS information is based on Forms 990 filed annually by charities with the IRS. While NCCS researchers complete specific projects and annually summarize the scope of the nonprofit sector on a national and state basis, we typically do not create databases for specific cities.
NCCS will provide data to researchers for their own analyses. To order data, please fill out an online Data Request Form online (or download, print, and return the PDF version to us). You should also review the listing of NCCS databases and other data-related FAQs for additional information.
How many public charities have failed in the past decade? The past year?
Organizations registered with the IRS are supposed to notify the IRS when they formally dissolve. However, many organizations fade away gradually and do not formally notify the IRS. Some organizations may be inactive for a number of years but eventually secure new funding or volunteers and become active again.
The IRS periodically mails postcards to organizations that haven't filed a Form 990 for several years. However, many of these postcards cannot be delivered due to outdated addresses.
In 2008, the IRS began requiring organizations that do not file Form 990s (or 990-EZs or 990-PFs) to complete an online "epostcard" to let the IRS know that they are still in business. Organizations that do not respond within three years will be removed from the list of registered organizations.
An IRS study of "nonfilers" conducted in the 1990s found that 21 percent of the nonprofit organizations in the IRS Business Master File that had not filed a Form 990 could no longer be located, indicating that they had probably ceased operations.
Over the five year period from 2000 to 2005, 16% of organizations that filed IRS Form 990s in 2000 failed to file in 2005. This means that they either dropped below the $25,000 filing threshold or went out of business.
Learn more from our Knowledge base.
How do you determine the health of organizations in the nonprofit sector? Do nonprofits suffer from inefficiency, governance or management problems, or budget issues?
These issues are given considerable thought by researchers within the nonprofit field. Although we do not offer guidelines on what constitutes a healthy or unhealthy organization, NCCS data have proven useful to compute various measures of organizational financial health. However, a full portrait requires an understanding of an organization's programs, management and environment.
For more information pertaining to these issues:
Do you have statistics available with regard to nonprofit organizations and their use of the Internet? How are nonprofits making use of the Internet for fundraising and membership?
There are a number of studies and surveys on the use of technology by nonprofits. Check out websites of The Foundation Center or Independent Sector for additional information.
Do you have website addresses for nonprofit organizations?
Currently, NCCS does not have website addresses for all nonprofit organizations. Some organizations have added their website and further details, which is optional. The Form 990 inludes an optional field for organizations' web addresses, which will be collected if organizations provide it.
Who should I contact if I have concerns about the integrity or practices of a particular nonprofit organization?
NCCS is not a regulatory agency; charities are regulated at the federal and state levels: If you believe an organization is not acting in accord with the laws and regulations governing nonprofit organizations, please contact the following groups:
Other groups investigating charities include Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance, Charitable Choices, The American Institute of Philanthropy, and the Charities Review Council.
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On average, what percentage of a nonprofit's budget is spent on fundraising? How are these expenses broken down? What percentage of an average public charity's budget is spent on overhead? A private foundation?
Most people who ask about the percentage of a charity's budget spent on fundraising or administration are really interested in knowing what percentage of the organization's expenses are spent on programs. They want some assurance that the organization meets a minimum level of efficiency, that funds contributed are not just going to raise more funds and that its purpose is not to provide its own employees with jobs.
Watchdog groups provide various guidelines for nonprofit management and fundraising activity. The following table provides several examples of different organizations' standards.
Recommended/required minimum spending on program activity as a percent of total budget
An organization's program, fundraising, or administrative ratios can vary widely based on a number of organizational characteristics. For example, an established university with lots of wealthy alumni may have much lower fundraising expenses as a percentage of total expenses than a newly formed nonprofit with no established contributor base.
Click here to find an NCCS summary of some of the current guidelines on fundraising and administrative ratios.
The Nonprofit Research Collaborative conducts quarterly studies of fundraising and fundraising activities. Links to two of the most recent reports are below. Collaborative members include the Urban Institute's National Center for Charitable Statistics with GuideStar, Indiana University's Center on Philanthropy, the Association of Fundraising Professionals, the Foundation Center, and Blackbaud.
Nonprofit Fundraising Study: Covering Charitable Receipts at U.S. Nonprofit Organizations in 2012
The Nonprofit Research Collaborative: 2012
How efficient are an organization's fundraising efforts? How much does a nonprofit spend on overhead costs?
One easily calculated measure of a nonprofit's efficiency in fundraising is the ratio of fundraising expenses (Form 990, line 15) divided by public support (Form 990, line 1a).
There are many opinions about the appropriate level of fundraising and factors such as size and type of organization that affect the ratio. Some economists argue that the ideal level of fundraising is reached when it costs one dollar to raise the last dollar of contributions. Other theories are more conservative. All nonprofit executives will agree, however, that it takes money to raise money.
The Nonprofit Overhead Cost Study, a joint project of Urban Institute and the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University, found a great deal of variation in what organizations consider to be fundraising expenses. Thus, we chose not to determine standards or benchmarks. However, we do provide information on common practices and pitfalls and some broad ranges for different types of organizations.
Click here to review the study's findings, including the policy briefs and guide books, in greater detail.
Where can I find information about possible sources of funding for my organization?
Here are a few resources you might try:
What percentage of an average public charity's total revenue comes from individuals? From grantmaking foundations? From corporations?
The major source of information on the financing of charities comes from the Form 990, but their funding are all combined on the direct and indirect "private contributions" lines. Thus, there is no way to separate these funding sources on the Form 990.
The Giving USA Foundation publishes national estimates based on a number of sources each year in their Giving USA report. For 2009, Giving USA reported the following national totals:
What percentage of an average public charity's total revenue comes from government?
Government support for charities is difficult to measure because it comes in different forms and is reported on the IRS Form 990 in several places.
A grant to provide a service for the public, for example, is reported under "Government contributions (grants)" on Form 990, line 1c, while a contract to provide a service or good to the government itself is reported under "Program service revenue" on Form 990, line 2. Program service revenue is further divided into revenue from Medicare/Medicaid and from government fees and contracts, as well as other contracts.
In 2004, government grants only made up about 9 percent of revenue for all reporting charities (about $100 billion), but represented a higher proportion for human service, international, and public benefit organizations. This amount does not include government funding from Medicare and Medicaid, and the revenue from contracts for providing services directly to the government, all of which are reported under program service revenues on the Form 990. (Medicare and Medicaid revenues are drastically underreported on the Form 990. See the Nonprofit Almanac 2012 for more information and new estimates for these sources.)
A third source of government support for charities is more indirect, as individuals may receive grants or subsidies and then use them to pay fees for services and goods provided by nonprofits. This would include, for example, primary and secondary school vouchers or college scholarships. Further research is necessary to measure this source of government support for charities.
Under the requirements of the Single Audit Act, any state, local government, or nonprofit that receives $300,000 or more from the Federal Government in grants per year must have an audit conducted. The Federal Audit Clearinghouse, maintained by the US Census Bureau, offers a user-friendly online system for accessing this data.
A recent survey conducted by the Urban Institute's Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy provides updated information on government contracting as well as state-by-state profiles. Links to the reports are below:
Human Service Nonprofits and Government Collaboration: Findings from the 2010 National Survey of Nonprofit Government Contracting and Grants
Contracts and Grants between Human Service Nonprofits and Governments
National Study of Nonprofit-Government Contracting: State Profiles
Discussions of government support for charities are included in The Nonprofit Almanac published by the Urban Institute. The "New Nonprofit Almanac and Desk Reference: The Essential Facts & Figures for Managers, Researchers, Volunteers" published by Jossey-Bass in 2002 provides data for older time periods.
Where can I find salary information on nonprofit employees?
Charities report salary information on the Form 990 in several places. (Please see our data dictionaries for a description of variables contained here.)
There are several other sources of information on nonprofit employee salaries.
Do you keep nonprofit employment statistics?
Yes. However, the Form 990 has only required the number of employees to be listed since 1997.
Additional sources for this information include:
What do you know about employee turnover rates among nonprofit organizations?
According to the Council on Foundations, the average annual turnover rate for associations is 24%, but there appears to be wide variation among nonprofit subsectors. For example, employee turnover has become such a widespread problem in child welfare agencies that the Child Welfare League of America has formed national workgroups to address annual turnover rates often in the 100%-300% range.
Do you have statistics on nonprofit volunteers or volunteer hours? What is the worth of a volunteer hour?
Information regarding volunteer hours and volunteering can be found at:
Independent Sector offers the most well publicized estimation of the worth of a volunteer hour. However, researchers differ on how best to calculate the value of volunteer time.
Where can I find information on foundations?
NCCS creates a file from IRS data from Forms 990-PF that is available for research purposes. For a listing of variables available, click on the corresponding Data Dictionary.
To find the Form 990-PF for a specific foundation, click here.
Both The Foundation Center and the Council on Foundations are also important sources of information on foundations.
Where can I find a list of private foundations ranked by size? What are the top ten private foundations in the United States by assets? By total giving?
The Foundation Center publishes a list of the largest private foundations by asset size and by total giving. Information on the largest foundations in each state is also available.
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Where can I find information concerning tax deductions for charitable contributions? Where can I find a breakdown by state?
The IRS website provides Publication 526, "Charitable Contributions."
For information on individual states, check the webpage for the revenue department in the relevant state.
Are nonprofit organizations required to report grant recipients?
If the recipient is a charitable organization, the foundation that makes the grant and the charity that receives it may both list the grant in their annual reports. The Chronicle of Philanthropy lists nonprofit recipients of grants from large foundations in each issue.
Private foundations must provide a list of grant recipients in Part XV of the Form 990-PF. Scanned images of the forms can be viewed at GuideStar or NCCS.
The Forms 990 filed by the charities also include the names of some recipients - both individuals and organizations - of grants:
Where can I find information identifying current trends in charitable giving?
NCCS has prepared Profiles of Individual Charitable Contributions at the state level.
The following resources may be useful:
Where might I find information on a for-profit corporation's charitable giving?
Businesses are not required to divulge this information. However, if they do participate in charitable giving, they may be inclined to publicize this information. Such information may be found by visiting the company's website or by contacting the public relations department. The following sources may also be useful:
What statistics do you have available on individual giving? Where might I find a contributor demographic profile for a particular state?
NCCS has prepared Profiles of Individual Charitable Contributions at the state level.
Demographic profiles of contributors who itemize deductions on their annual tax returns are not available. National estimates of contribution levels of non-itemizers based on the Urban Institute Charitable Giving Model are also available. (The Charitable Giving Model estimates that non-itemizer giving is equal to about one-third of the total charitable giving reported on individual tax returns by taxpayers who itemize deductions.) But there are no state, regional, or local estimates.
Additional information can be found at the following websites:
Where might I find information on tax policies for corporate and individual giving?
The primary national document is the Internal Revenue Code. Interpretations of the Code are offered at various websites. For legal advice, consult your tax attorney or financial advisor.
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How do I start a charity? What steps are necessary?
The IRS has a variety of resources available to help new nonprofit organizations apply for the correct form of tax-exempt status.
Additional IRS tax information on nonprofit organizations is available in IRS Publication 557 Tax-Exempt Status for your Organization and these easy-to-use links on the life cycle of nonprofits.
Additional websites that may be useful include:
Why is the information on the Form 990s public?
In the mid-1990s, legislative changes to the federal laws governing exempt organizations were made to encourage public disclosure of Forms 990 to promote accountability.
Section 6104 of the Internal Revenue Code addresses the disclosure requirements for Forms 990 and other IRS forms. General Instruction M of the IRS Instructions for the Form 990 provides additional information. For a summary of disclosure regulations click here.
What if our organization would prefer not to have our Form 990 made available on the web?
GuideStar and NCCS have created a national database of information about charitable organizations in the United States to enhance access and accountability. Congress views such public inspection as a price to be paid in return for exempt status, and an aid to ensure that exempt organizations operate in accordance with the requirements of their particular category of tax-exempt status.
According to a letter from the IRS, "public disclosure promotes accountability and discourages inappropriate activities, which, in turn, enhances voluntary compliance and assists...in the administration of the tax law." Although we cannot remove your organization from the website, you can choose to remove your organization's name from the list of organizations whose information can be licensed at other sites. Contact GuideStar directly to do so.
GuideStar and NCCS take the responsibility of bringing information to the public very seriously. Several million dollars are spent each year digitizing the information that appears on the Forms 990, including double-keying most entries, checking for spelling and math errors, and verifying that what is reported on the form is correctly entered in the database. We also safeguard the privacy of tax preparers and executive directors by blocking social security numbers and signatures that appear on the Forms 990.
As nonprofit organizations have grown to understand GuideStar and NCCS and our high standards, most now welcome the posting of the information and use GuideStar as a free way to publicize their charities. We regularly hear anecdotal stories about organizations that have received large, unsolicited donations because the donor found them at GuideStar.
We encourage charities to become GuideStar participants by filling out the GuideStar Information Form.
Does the posting of our Form 990 on your website satisfy our public disclosure requirements?
No. The public disclosure law requires that all tax-exempt organizations (except for private foundations, which have slightly different requirements) make available upon request:
An organization is not required, however, to disclose the parts of the return that identify names and addresses of contributors, nor is it required to disclose Form 990-T.
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Are mailing lists of nonprofit organizations available?
For information regarding mailing lists, please call our data request line at (202) 261-5397 or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
How do I obtain a list of nonprofit organizations in a particular area?
See our Database Access page for submitting a request for data.
Is it possible to look at the Form 990 for a specific nonprofit organization?
Yes, click here to search for scanned images of Forms 990. You will be able to find information on charities or private foundations, along with scanned images of Form 990.
How can I order copies of the Nonprofit Almanac 2012 and other Urban Institute publications?
Please call the Urban Institute Press at 1-800-537-5487 or visit our website.
Can data requests be processed more quickly for an additional fee?
The standard time for filling data requests is 2-3 weeks. If you would like your data sent overnight once they have been compiled, please submit an express mail service account number (FedEx, USPS Express, etc.) along with your data request form.
How do I extract your data files so I can view and manipulate the data directly?
You can set up an account and submit a data request here. It may take up to 3 business days for us to complete this process. You will be notified if payment is required.
If payment for a data request is necessary, where do I send the check? Can I use a credit card for payment instead?
Checks for data should be made out to The Urban Institute and sent to:
NCCS/Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy, The Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037.
We also accept credit cards payments through PayPal.
Do you have information regarding possible sponsors for nonprofit events?
Do you have a list of recommended charities?
No. NCCS provides data on charities but does not rate them. There are many sources of information on individual charities, including their own web sites and GuideStar. There are a number of groups that do rate charities, including:
Search the web for additional resources.
Where can I find information on the variables included in NCCS datasets?
The data dictionaries provide information on each variable provided in our datasets.
Which is the best variable to use to identify "type of organization?"
The best variable is the organization's National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities - Core Codes (NTEE-CC) classification. See the NTEE two pager for an overview of available codes or the Manual for more information.
Is there a way to extract the files by county?
The standard extraction variable for counties is FIPS (federal information processing standard) codes. FIPS codes are 5-digit numbers assigned to each county, with the first two digits unique to each state and three unique digits assigned to the county. Click here to find a list of FIPS codes. This site also provides population counts for each county.
Metropolitan statistical area (MSA), primary metropolitan statistical area (PMSA), and New England Consolidated Metropolitan Area (NECMA) variables are also included in NCCS datasets to allow various metropolitan groupings.
How do I find public charities grouped by specific cities, counties, or states?
Information for states and counties is on NCCS State Profiles page. If data for specific cities are needed, please submit a data request.
Is the ruling date of an organization the date on which the organization was founded?
No, the ruling date is the date the organization received its recognition of exemption from the IRS. The organization could have been in existence prior to the ruling date. Information on when an organization was founded or incorporated is not collected on the Form 990.
For questions not covered on this site, please contact us. An NCCS researcher will respond within forty-eight hours.
Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com
Navigate the NCCS website: NCCS Sitemap


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Fayne had the scapholunate ligament of his left wrist repaired, and that typically sidelines a player for 3-4 months.
Fayne, 25, is one of three players the Devils tendered qualifying offers to on Monday.
He had four goals and 13 assists while playing all 82 regular-season games this past season. He had three assists in the postseason.


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Harley-Davidson introduces electric motorcycleap photo
This photo shows Harley-Davidsons new electric motorcycle at the companys research facility in Wauwatosa, Wis. The company plans to unveil the LiveWire model Monday, June 23, at an invitation-only event in New York.
MILWAUKEE Harley-Davidson will unveil its first electric motorcycle next week, and President Matt Levatich said he expects the company known for its big touring bikes and iconic brand to become a leader in developing technology and standards for electric vehicles.
Harley will show handmade demonstration models Monday at an invitation-only event in New York. The company will then take several dozen riders on a 30-city tour to test drive the bikes and provide feedback. Harley will use the information it gathers to refine the bike, which might not hit the market for several more years.
The venture is a risk for Harley because theres currently almost no market for full-size electric motorcycles. The millions of two-wheeled electric vehicles sold each year are almost exclusively scooters and low-powered bikes that appeal to Chinese commuters. But one analyst said investment by a major manufacturer could help create demand, and Levatich emphasized in an interview with The Associated Press that Harley is interested in the long-term potential, regardless of immediate demand.
We think that the trends in both EV technology and customer openness to EV products, both automotive and motorcycles, is only going to increase, and when you think about sustainability and environmental trends, we just see that being an increasing part of the lifestyle and the requirements of riders, Levatich said. So, nobody can predict right now how big that industry will be or how significant it will be.
At the same time, Levatich and others involved in creating the sleek, futuristic LiveWire predicted it would sell based on performance, not environmental awareness. With no need to shift gears, the slim, sporty bike can go from 0 to 60 mph in about 4 seconds. The engine is silent, but the meshing of gears emits a hum like a jet airplane taking off.
Some people may get on it thinking, golf cart, lead engineer Jeff Richlen said. And they get off thinking, rocket ship.
One hurdle the company has yet to address is the limited range offered by electric motorcycles. The batteries must be recharged after about 130 miles, and that can take 30 minutes to an hour.
San Jose State University police Capt. Alan Cavallo helped his department buy two bikes from Zero Motorcycles, the current top-selling brand, and said officers have been super happy with the quiet, environmentally friendly bikes made nearby in Scotts Valley, California. But he said American riders who like to hit the highway would likely lose patience with the technology.
Thats the deal with the cars; you cant jump in a Tesla and drive to LA, it wont make it, Cavallo said, adding later, People want the convenience of I pull into a gas station, I pour some gas in my tank and I go.
Zero Motorcycles introduced its first full-size motorcycle in 2010 and expects to sell about 2,400 bikes this year, said Scott Harden, the companys vice president of global marketing. That would give it about half of the global market for full-size, high-powered electric motorcycles.
In comparison, Harley-Davidson alone sold more than 260,000 conventional motorcycles last year.
Outsiders focused on electric vehicle development predicted Harley would help boost sales for all electric motorcycle makers by creating greater awareness of and demand for electric bikes. Yamaha also has an electric motorcycle in development.MORE IN World/National BusinessWASHINGTON Long-term U.S. Full StoryNEW YORK Its not just the musical Hairspray that will air live on NBC tonight. Full StoryOXON HILL, Md. Far from the Las Vegas Strip, MGM Resorts International opens its $1. Full Story
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Part 3737
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U.S. and Western Hemisphere: Partnership and Shared ResponsibilityAbout the Authors: Peter Kranstover serves as a Conflict Prevention Officer in the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction & Stabilization. LCDR Spencer Abbot, U.S. Navy, serves as the U.S. Southern Command Representative to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
In San José de Apartadó, Colombia, people are returning to their homes. Businesses and public institutions in this town nestled amid banana and plantain farms are beginning to function again. Thanks to a reinvigorated effort by the Government of Colombia supported by the U.S. government, this former battleground between the Colombian military and armed insurgent groups is slowly coming back to life after suffering two decades of violence.
San José de Apartadó is well-known as an area that has experienced more than its share of violence over the past two decades. Right- and left-wing groups have been fighting for territory throughout northern Colombia for years, and the local people have been caught in the middle. The years of brutal violence caused many of the former residents to flee, and the region surrounding San José de Apartadó was the scene of a number of massacres by both groups, as acknowledged in May 2008 by the Colombian military. The protracted violence and instability in the region, combined with substantial numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and sustained high levels of narcotics production, called for a new approach on the part of the Colombian government to confronting these problems.
In the first Uribe administration, beginning in 2003, the Colombian government adopted a population-centric approach to combating insurgency that focused on protecting and providing services to the local populace, as well as training its own personnel in human rights and the rule of law. As a result, the Colombian military has established significant trust and credibility within the local population, many of whom had until recently been very suspicious of the Colombian military's methods and motives.
A prime example of reestablished trust is the mayor of San José de Apartadó, Osvaldo Cuadrado. Alcalde Cuadrado is a former member of the Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL), an insurgent group demobilized in 1991. He began his involvement in politics as a leader within the Central Unitaria de Trabajadores labor union, and now presides over an area that at long last enjoys a consistent and effective Colombian government presence. Mayor Cuadrado serves as an important advocate for security and social services in this region. He has seen the transformation of the Colombian military and relies on them, in coordination with the Colombian police, to maintain a regular and professional presence in San José de Apartadó. With this increased security, he has been able to assure local residents that they can engage in their daily routines without fear of violence. He is now one of the Colombian military's strongest supporters within his region.
With the surge in U.S. foreign assistance funding for Colombia in early 2001, the Government of Colombia engaged a number of local and international NGOs to assist the people of the area, focusing on those who had been displaced from their villages and homes by violence. These funds also helped the government hire more investigators for the Colombian Attorney General's office, which has worked diligently to reveal the extent of the massacres and those responsible, both in this region and throughout Colombia. In addition, technical training and funds for the police and military were provided by the U.S. government, and coordinated with support from U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) in Miami and the U.S. Military Group (MILGP) in Bogotá.
The people of San José de Apartadó and the surrounding area have received relief assistance from a variety of sources, including nongovernmental organizations, the United Nations, and the Government of Colombia. Much of the assistance has been coordinated through an executive level agency known as Acción Social, a sort of internal development agency for the Colombian government that serves as the umbrella for another executive level agency, the Center for Coordination of Integrated Action (CCAI). CCAI, with representatives throughout the various regions of the country, serves as the government entity responsible for development and security efforts in zones recently taken from insurgent groups.
Numerous U.S. government agencies have assisted CCAI in building its coordinative capacity. Programs by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), SOUTHCOM, and Section 1207 funds coordinated by the Department of State's Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction & Stabilization and provided to USAID have all played important roles in supporting CCAI and its efforts.
The changes apparent in this part of Colombia are indicative of the effectiveness of the Colombian government's recent "whole-of-government" approach to an insurgency that had kept vast areas outside of central government control for decades. Both Colombian government resources and U.S. foreign assistance efforts have combined over the past eight years to bring fundamental change to areas in the north like San José de Apartadó, as well as a number of villages in Meta province, further south. The extensive cooperation with respect to CCAI and its initiatives, both among U.S. government agencies, and between the U.S. and Colombian governments, represents an important case study and model for collaborative action to facilitate stabilization and reconstruction in areas of previously failed governance, such as the now thriving town of San José de Apartadó.


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Tel: +49 - 3302 - 883 - 0
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As part of a project funded by the State of Brandenburg, represented by the Brandenburg Economic Development Board (ZAB) and the Investment Bank of the State of Brandenburg (ILB), Thermo Fisher Scientific received funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). In two research and development projects from April 2009 to December 2013 innovative solutions for medical diagnostics were created.
"Biomarkers in Cardiology 8" study published in European Heart Journal HENNIGSDORF, Germany – (June 17, 2014) – A study conducted by clinicians in leading German, Swiss and Austrian hospitals demonstrates that low-to-intermediate risk patients with suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) can safely be discharged earlier from the Emergency Department (ED) using cardiac Troponin together with Copeptin. The study suggests that, by implementing the new process, clinics can better manage overcrowded EDs and increase patient well-being.
-- Company expands cardiovascular pipeline and aims to address large unmet need for prognosis and risk stratification in patients with heart failure --SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.- (March 05, 2014) - diaDexus, Inc. (OTCQB:DDXS), a company developing and commercializing proprietary cardiovascular diagnostic products, today announced an exclusive licensing and supply agreement with Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., the world leader in serving science with $17 billion in revenues, that will provide diaDexus with the ability to develop and commercialize three independent biomarkers (MR-proADM (midregional pro adrenomedullin), MR-proANP (midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide), and CT-proET1 (C-terminal pro endothelin-1)) to aid in risk prediction and prognosis for heart failure.
Marcy l'Etoile, France and Hennigsdorf, Germany (October 2, 2012) – bioMérieux and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., the world leader in serving science, today announced they have renewed their non-exclusive, long-term, royalty-bearing agreement for Procalcitonin (PCT) testing. This agreement extends a long-standing relationship between the companies for biomarker testing using Thermo Fisher's PCT product on bioMérieux's VIDAS® and mini VIDAS® immunoassay platforms, and now also includes the new-generation VIDAS® products.
(WALTHAM, MA – September 24, 2013) – Thermo Fisher Scientific applauds the tenacity of the Staunton family, as well as Chairman Tom Harkin and Ranking Member Lamar Alexander, for raising the profile of sepsis education among the public, legislators and other government officials.
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Raw: Obamas Visit Mandela's Prison
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Raw: Obamas Visit Mandela's Prison
Refrigerator Ruled Out As Source of Oakland Fire
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Raw: Obamas Visit Mandela's Prison
President Barack Obama and his family visited Robben Island Sunday, where anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela spent 18 years confined to a tiny cell and working in a quarry. (June 30)
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Refrigerator Ruled Out As Source of Oakland Fire
A refrigerator was ruled out as the cause of a fire at a warehouse in Oakland that killed 36 people, but the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives said they were still looking at electrical systems as possible ignition sources. (Dec. 9)
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Former NASA Chief: Glenn a 'Remarkable American'
Former NASA Administrator, Sean O'Keefe, called Glenn a "remarkable American" who was "among the most extraordinary explorers and human beings you would ever want to meet." (Dec. 9)
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Glenn's Former Crewmate Reflects on His Life
Scott Parazynski, an astronaut who was John Glenn's personal physician aboard his 1998 Space Shuttle flight, says knowing Glenn was "extraordinary." (Dec. 9)
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Madonna honored by Billboard as 'Woman of the Year'
Madonna walked the red carpet Friday in New York to receive her Billboard 'Woman of the Year' honor. Kesha, Shania Twain, and Maren Morris also received honors, but spoke highly of the 'Material Girl' before the event. (Dec. 9)
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Here's the latest for Friday, December 9th: President-elect Trump campaigns for Louisiana Republican; Washington State Congresswoman Rodgers for Interior Secretary; Obama adds protections to waters off Alaska; and public viewing for John Glenn.
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President-elect Donald Trump hits the Louisiana State Senate race campaign trail and attends the GOP "Get Out The Vote" Rally in Baton Rouge.
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Missing people found years later
Published On: May 07 2013 11:08:13 AM CDT Updated On: Aug 26 2014 01:00:00 AM CDT
Five years ago today, Jaycee Dugard was found alive nearly 20 years after being kidnapped at age 11. She's a rare example of missing people found alive years later.
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Please help us! Donate
Key Votes
HR 890 - Preserving Work Requirements for Welfare Programs Act of 2013 - Key Vote
National Key Votes
Eleanor Norton voted NA (Passage) on this Legislation.
Read statements Eleanor Norton made in this general time period.
Stage Details
Legislation - Referred to Committee (Senate) - March 14, 2013
Legislation - Bill Passed (House) (246-181) - March 13, 2013(Key vote)
Title: Preserving Work Requirements for Welfare Programs Act of 2013
Vote Result
Yea Votes
Nay Votes
Vote to pass a bill that prohibits waivers from being given to states for the work requirements of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program.
- Prohibits the Secretary of Health and Human Services from authorizing, modifying, or extending any state experimental or demonstration project that waives compliance with a work requirement of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program (Sec. 2).
- Requires the repeal of any TANF work requirement waiver granted before the enactment of this bill (Sec. 2).
- Extends appropriations for the TANF program and related programs through December 31, 2013 (Sec. 3).
Legislation - Introduced (House) - Feb. 28, 2013
Title: Preserving Work Requirements for Welfare Programs Act of 2013
- David Lee 'Dave' Camp (MI - R) (Out Of Office)
- John R. Carter (TX - R)
- Scott Garrett (NJ - R)
- Robert W. 'Bob' Goodlatte (VA - R)
- John Thomas 'Tom' Graves Jr. (GA - R)
- Tim Griffin (AR - R) (Out Of Office)
- Bill Huizenga (MI - R)
- Lynn M. Jenkins (KS - R)
- Walter Beaman Jones Jr. (NC - R)
- James 'Jim' Jordan (OH - R)
- John P. Kline (MN - R)
- Jefferson B. 'Jeff' Miller (FL - R)
- Patrick Alan Nunnelee (MS - R) (Out Of Office)
- Erik Paulsen (MN - R)
- Bill Posey (FL - R)
- Thomas E. 'Tom' Price (GA - R)
- Thomas W. 'Tom' Reed II (NY - R)
- David George 'Dave' Reichert (WA - R)
- David P. 'Phil' Roe (TN - R)
- Todd Rokita (IN - R)
- Stephen J. 'Steve' Scalise (LA - R)
- William Steve Southerland (FL - R) (Out Of Office)
- Daniel Webster (FL - R)
- Todd Young (IN - R)


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MLB is losing tons of revenue
How cute is this basic white tee? If you're a girl fan? I bet you want it. If you're a (straight) guy? I bet you want to see a girl in it. If only you could actually buy it.
Are you on the girly side, like I am? These two would be adorable:
Or maybe you just want a basic tank or tee that actually fits well? And maybe comes down past the very top of your jeans?
In fact, here's a WHOLE ALBUM of clothes where I bet all female Mets fans will be able to find at least one item they want. Well, too bad. These tops only exist in a land called Photoshop.
Yesterday, I ranted a bit about the lack of stylish, well-fitted Mets women's clothing available for purchase. Metsgrrl vented her frustration as well over at her place. She acknowledged that I *heart* my pink Mets cap, even though she wouldn't. But you know what I don't ever want? A giant pink "Mrs. Wright" sweatshirt. After the age of, say, 21? A girl has to regulate the amount of pink she wears. MLB, please make note of that.
The crucial thing is: I'm girly and on the small size. Metsgrrl is not so girly, and has a much larger chest. We've got about as different sizes and different tastes as two female consumers can have. And yet we both HATE the available merchandise. That is certainly saying something.
This weekend I went shopping for a Mets jacket (which I got, an uninspired black kids medium, sigh) or maybe a long-sleeved tee or a tank (nothing good to be found). God, shopping should not be so depressing. I had a nice discussion with the owner of the club store on 42nd Street, and he completely agrees with me! His one dinky half-wall of women's clothing just isn't making him much money. He'd love to have more styles or fits available because–duh–women are the ones who buy these things! We buy different styles of a tee or tank rather than just one shirt with a player's number on it. (Also, as Metsgrrl noted, it would be great to have other players' numbers available besides David Wright's–not to take anything away from dear David.) And have you been to Shea lately? There are a lot of women there!
MLB, trust me. You're missing a superb opportunity to sell more merchandise–especially in New York, where a girl tends to like some style. Check out the album, and see if you can't redesign something for us.
Help us support our team!
Help us. Help you.
Come on, women. Don't you want some of these tops? And guys, don't you want to see us in them?
10 Comments
I completely agree! I was just thinking about this yesterday when looking @ the online store. I don't like that much pink in my life and yes I want to wear my team colors!
That's why I haven't bought anything and all I own is a David YOUTH shirt that 1) can fit me and 2) is not pink.
Humm? You might have something here😉
oh and yeah I want something else that doesn't say David LOL
Can a girl have one of those blue on blue shirts with the cute logo?
Alyssa Milano is creating a line of clothing for women who like baseball. Here are some of the designs: http://editorial.gettyimages.com/source/search/FrameSet.aspx?s=EventImagesSearchState%7c0%7c1%7c0%7c100%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c1%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c71714978%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c%7c%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0&p=3&tag=36 (sorry it's so long, but i don't know how to put in a hyperlink)
Okay, I looked at the Alyssa Milano clothes. Those were clearly designed for the girlfriends of ballplayers who can wear cleavage down to their bellybutton, not have to worry about getting cold, or about a pricetag…
I did appreciate that there was a Mets example as well as The Other NY Team Who Shall Not Be Named
Thanks for the link, piazzapower. I'd seen some of the pics before. I'd kind of love a pair of Mets jeans–and probably would wear another item or two out at night. But most of the Alyssa Milano clothes feel too fancy for the ballgame–especially when it's 90 degrees outside!
Way too much David Wright gear at the stadium but ah they do need some other players too lol. But i just actually posted about davis 15 facts in which you didnt know about him so check it out. Also i cant wait for the playoffs to start, these games are boring when they are meaningless lol.
Va Va Va Voom… Yes siree I think this is finally the answer to converting my girlfriend from a Yankee fan to a Mets' fan. Her birthday's coming up, do you think you could make me one of those low neck black shirts or that Mets dress. I'd actually pay you for them and it would save me from the dreaded birthday shopping.
By the way,
Plan B is Maine
Plan C is O. Perez
Plan D is busting Gooden out of jail and slapping a uniform on him.
Hi Carl! I wish I could! I think what you see as a dress is actually a top–a baby doll top.
I've been looking for a good NY patch forever, but all the stores have are the huge shoulder patches, which just wouldn't make for cute Mets clothes.
Even ebay hasn't been good yet for finding small patches. But I'll keep looking.
Alyssa Milano's line is in junior sizes so it will fit some female fans, but not all. And like others said, it's probably high priced and out of the price range for the average fan.
I say MLB follows Zoe's clothing design suggestions.


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Profits up, business doing well… but still no bonus
JLT Benefit Solutions, one of Britain's largest pension consultants, has told its UK staff they are not getting a bonus for the year to December, even though trading profits rose 16% to £32.2 million.
In an internal memo to staff, its chief executive Mark Wood said: "Although our business performed well in 2013, we did not achieve the level of profit necessary to trigger bonus payments".
A former JLT consultant commented that Wood had always said bonuses would be linked to meeting targets, rather than lifting profits. "People may not like the decision, but they shouldn't be surprised," he said. But he added the policy could result in defections.
However, the executive directors of the wider parent business all received bonuses, according to the company's latest annual report.
A JLT spokeswoman declined to comment on defections and the contents of the memo.
JLT Benefit Solutions employs 2,000 people, mainly in the UK. The majority of professional staff are covered by the bonus scheme.
JLT's share of the UK actuarial market was 11%, last year. Investment consulting margins are improving as it shifts from advisory business to higher-margin fiduciary work. Assets under management doubled to £1.5 billion in 2013.
Its parent JLT Group is a FTSE-250 listed company.
Wood said JLT Benefit Solutions fell £2.5 million short of its £34.8 million target last year, noting the acquisition of Alexander Forbes contributed nearly half of a £4.5 million profits increase.
In his memo, Wood added: "A disciplined adherence to targets is fundamental to our performance culture." Earlier this year, Peter Ball quit as head of investment consulting. His friends said JLT's exacting targets were a factor behind his departure. Peter Breedon, formerly head of corporate consulting, has taken over Ball's role.


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HEADLEY, Doris K.
HEADLEY, Doris K., 80, of Beallsville, died Friday in Emerald Pointe Nursing and Rehab Center, Barnesville.
She was born December 29, 1932 in Miltonsburg, a daughter of the late Otto and Murl Starr Burkhart.
Doris was a member of St. John the Baptist Catholic Church, Miltonsburg.
In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by her husband, Carlos and a granddaughter, Sheena Ann.
Surviving are four daughters, Cathy (Gerald) Louden, Karon (Dave) Caldwell, Shelly Carpenter, all of Beallsville, and Reta (Tommy) Funk of Asheboro, NC; a son, Don (Ruth) Headley of Beallsville; a brother, Otto (Lou) Burkhart, Jr. of Woodsfield; four sisters, Carol Hunter and Kay Robb, both of Barnesville, Patty Sharrock of Kirtland, Ohio, and Charolette Morris of Woodsfield; 13 grandchildren; 15 great – grandchildren.
Doris' family would like to offer special thanks to her caregivers.
Visitation will be held Sunday 2 to 4 p.m. and 6 to 8 p.m. at the Harper Funeral Home, Beallsville.
Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated Monday at 11 a.m. at St. John the Baptist Catholic Church, Miltonsburg. Interment will follow in Beallsville Cemetery.
Online condolences may be offered at www.harperfh.net.


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Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store and online.
Action - Semi-Auto
Gauge - 12 Ga.
Chamber - 3-1/2"
Barrel Length - 26"
Weight - 7.8 Lbs.
The reliable Super X2 has become one of the best selling turkey guns on the market. The gas-operated Active Valve system allows the Super X2 to fire up to five shells in just over one half second, making it the fastest shotgun around. This shotgun features a ventilated rib, a front bead sight, a cross-bolt safety, and a modified choke tube. Its stock and metal are in good condition and its bore is in very good condition.


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NEW YORK Mike D from the Beastie Boys sported a red t-shirt with a green dragon licking an ice cream cone to the 2006 VH1 Hip Hop Honors. A regular customer of the Chinatown Ice Cream Factory here, he posed for a Wired Magazine cover photo in the shop's yellow dragon tee. The buzz about the Chinatown Ice Cream Factory is a relatively new phenomenon that co-owner Christina Seid is trying to infuse into the 30-year-old shop that her father founded. As one of the youngest female ...
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Get Tickets
Show Details
- Ticket Price: $0.00
- Door Time: 7:30 PM
- Show Type: Comedy
- Tags: Theater, Cultural, Hot Ticket
18 & over
- Presented By:
Face Off Unlimited 15 St. Marks Pl. New York, NY 11103
NYC's live Japanese game show has become
an underground "East Village sensation!"
(Asian Fusion Magazine)
In Japan, batsu means "punishment" and the batsu-game is a form of comedy competition where the losers are forced to endure hilarious and outrageous penalties. Face Off Unlimited has blended this wildly popular piece of Japanese culture with their own hysterical style of improv comedy to create BATSU!
Hosted by Japanese child star Brian "Bu-Chan" Walters, with the help of the beautiful, yet merciless, Noriko Sato, BATSU! is full contact comedy! Four warriors compete in comedic challenges to avoid electric shocks, paintball guns, a giant egg-smashing chicken, and many more hilarious and jaw-dropping punishments! The performers of BATSU! are members of acclaimed comedy group Face Off Unlimited (who the NY Times has called "Very Funny!") and can regularly be seen on national television, radio, commercials, and Broadway.
BATSU! takes place in a cool underground lounge theatre in NYC's "Little Tokyo" - St. Marks Place. A full menu/bar is available and audience members enjoy sushi, noodles, and sake, while the bravest may even sign up for a chance to participate in the show to win free beer and prizes!
BATSU! is one of the "Best Things To Do In NYC" (CBS NY) and is perfect for birthdays, office celebrations, a night out with the ladies (or fellas), bacholorette parties, and for those out of town guests looking for something you can find ONLY IN NEW YORK!
Doors open at 7:30pm for dinner service - Please arrive prior to 7:45pm
Joe Tex
Jay Painter
Eric Robinson
Alexander L. Hill
FEATURING: Whit Baldwin, Kae Sato, Taylor Van Putten and Isaac Tercero
Announcer/Point Tally Offical/Board Operator: Luis Linestro
"One of the most entertaining Monday nights in the city" - Backstage
"They're not messing around!" and "Voice Choice" selectoin - Village Voice
18+ recommended - info@faceoffunlimited faceoffunlimited.com
Visist JeBon's Website for menu: jebonusa.com
Doors open at 7:30pm for dinner service - Please arrive prior to 7:45pm
Follow and Like us on TWITTER AND FACEBOOK: @FaceOffImprov
Email info@faceoffunlimited.
Purchase Tickets
- 18 & over
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Face Off Unlimited


text: My son has been sick the last couple days. When he is sick, he wants to be up in the middle of the night for a couple hours every time he wakes up. It is exhausting because I have to work the next day. Last night I tried to rock him back to sleep and putting him in his bed and let him fall asleep (he usually does really well on his own doing this, maybe a short 1 minute of light crying) but he kept screaming. The only thing that seemed to work was nursing him (the pacifier nursing), but I didn't want to stay up and nurse him all night so I took him to bed with me, which has been a no no. Last night was probably one of the best nights sleep I have had in 9 months. He woke up SEVERAL times to nurse, but it was easy to just start nursing him and fall back asleep. It really makes me feel like I want to keep up with the co-sleeping since he still doesn't sleep through the night and I am exhausted. DH says it is up to me, but we are both worried about the transition back to his bed when he gets older. How hard is that, and when and how do you do it. I know co-sleeping is something many people here recommend, but I need to know that I can eventually get my bed back.


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Clarence Faust
Class Year:1923
Outstanding Alumni Award Winner 1960
Clarence Faust was president of the Fund for the Advancement of Education and vice-president of Ford Foundation. He later served as dean of the faculty of humanities and sciences and acting president of Stanford University. Faust was awarded the Tuition Plan Award for Outstanding Service to Education and was the recipient of the University of Chicago Award for Outstanding Teaching. He held honorary degrees from both the University of Louisville and North Central College. Faust also wrote about literary, theological and educational subjects.


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text:
*takes a seat, sigh* maybe I should leave
Dimencha: *appears next to you*
Originally Posted by juana maaki
Dimencha: *appears next to you*
*looks over* this seems to be a dancing party, not really my specialty.
Originally Posted by ITACHIUCHIA101
*looks over* this seems to be a dancing party, not really my specialty.
Dimencha: *takes off her hood so you can see her face*
while i'll teach you
Alright i guess, but who will dj?
Originally Posted by ITACHIUCHIA101
Alright i guess, but who will dj?
Dimencha: i have it on auto now come on
*pulls you up to the dance floor*
just follow me
alright *gets pulled up* what kind of dance will i be learning :shrug:
Dimencha: simply free style where you make you own moves
*starts off with arm movement*
like this and you add on from there
I know how, just not really good ha
Dimencha: *giggles* only if YOU don't believe
*starts free style*
an don't let other put you down not matter what
I do however like slow songs
(I slowly walk to the house wall, and write graffiti that says:
(I walk away as if nothing happened.)
Originally Posted by ITACHIUCHIA101
I do however like slow songs
Dimecha: really
*gets behind the dj stands and changes to a slow song*
how is this
It's fine :D
Dimencha: *ajust the volume*
*grabs her waist and brings her close* well..
Originally Posted by ITACHIUCHIA101
*grabs her waist and brings her close* well..
Dimencha: *blushs* um...
well you see i don't know how to slow dance
I'll take lead, step on my shoes and just let your legs move with mine.
Dimencha: ok..
*looks down and follows*
*has hands around her waist and gently and slowly takes steps around*
Forum Rules


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While many women of a certain age who experience symptoms such as dry skin, moodiness, insomnia , and irregular periods may jump to the conclusion that they are menopause-related, it is possible that their symptoms are actually due to hypothyroidism, a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland that also tends to affect women 50 years and older.
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. It may be small, but it is a veritable powerhouse when it comes to producing and regulating the hormones that affect every cell in your body. So how can you know if your symptoms are caused by menopause or hypothyroidism?
Similar Symptoms
There are several reasons why symptoms of hypothyroidism might be identified as symptoms of menopause:
There is a great deal of overlap between the symptoms of hypothyroidism and those of initial phase of menopause (perimenopause, which can last several years). Similar symptoms include:
- Dry skin
- Fatigue
- Weight changes
The symptoms of hypothyroidism may become more pronounced due to the hormonal changes occurring during perimenopause. Here are
of the other symptoms you may experience with hypothyroidism:
- Constipation
- Anemia
- Intolerance to cold
Undiagnosed thyroid problems are a common problem. Since the risk of developing thyroid disease increases with increasing age, women have a particularly high risk for such disorders. The majority of post-menopausal women with thyroid disorders will have either no or very subtle symptoms and have what is known as subclinical thyroid disease. So women may have it and not know it.
Is Treating Hypothyroidism Important?
Most people with symptomatic hypothyroidism will get treatment to help reduce symptoms. However, for women that have subclinical (asymptomatic) hypothyroidism, the answer is not so clear. Some research shows that hypothyroidism, particularly when it is subclinical, should be carefully monitored, but not necessarily treated.
Research also shows that women without symptoms had no improvement in quality of life whether they had medication or not.
Evidence is mixed that there is an increased risk for atherosclerosis (which could lead to a heart attack) in women without symptoms. Some doctors advocate treatment, others like to wait and see. Either way, the best advice is to talk to your doctor about your concerns and monitor your health through scheduled check ups.
The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists recommend treatment for asymptomatic women with a goiter or positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (determined from a blood test). In most cases, one or both of these generally leads to symptomatic hypothyroidism.
The Bottom Line
Talk with your doctor about symptoms you may be having. You and your doctor can make a plan to manage your symptoms and if necessary, plan for further testing. Testing, if needed, usually requires no more than a simple blood test to measure the level of a substance called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). When the thyroid is underactive, the levels of TSH in the blood increase in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid to be more active.
If you are found to have hypothyroidism, rest assured that treatment for hypothyroidism is relatively simple and generally very effective. A synthetic thyroid hormone called levothyroxine can be given orally, usually resulting in complete relief of symptoms.
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 10/2014 -
- Update Date: 10/24/2014 -


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American Hustle
Release Date: December 13th, 2013
R|2 hr. 18 min.
Plot Summary
Irving Rosenfeld (Christian Bale) dabbles in forgery and loan-sharking, but when he falls for fellow grifter Sydney Prosser (Amy Adams), things change in a big way. Caught red-handed by FBI agent Richie DiMaso (Bradley Cooper), Irv and Sydney are forced to work under cover as part of DiMaso's sting operation to nail a New Jersey mayor (Jeremy Renner). Meanwhile, Irv's jealous wife (Jennifer Lawrence) may be the one to bring everyone's world crashing down. Based on the 1970s Abscam case.
Cast: Christian Bale, Bradley Cooper, Jeremy Renner, Amy Adams, Jennifer Lawrence, Louis C.K., Jack Huston, Michael Peña
Director: David O. Russell
Genres: Comedy drama
Distributor: Sony Pictures Entertainment


text: Mayan Astronomy (3) tv-pg Play video Select your TV provider to log in to have full access to videos Select your TV provider See all providers Don't see your TV provider? Learn more You can access this video on the free HISTORY® app. *You must verify your TV provider towatch this video on the App Your Parental Control settings do not allow you to view this content. Mayan Astronomy (3 min) tv-pg Ancient Mayans studied the skies thousands of years before modern astronomical observatories.


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[479 KB, 12 pgs.]
Summer 2008 | Vol. 10 | No. 4
Family's Tragedy Leads to New Tools to Fight Drunk Driving
By: Maureen Sczpanski, Public Information Officer
New Jersey Division of Highway Traffic Safety
On Saturday, July 22, 2000, Bill and Muriel Elliott, of Egg Harbor Township New Jersey, received the horrific phone call parents fear the most. Their son, Navy Ensign John Robert Elliott, had been killed in a drunk driving crash.
The crash that took 21-year-old Ensign Elliott's life was caused by a motorist who had been arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated earlier in the evening. After being released to a friend, the driver got back behind the wheel, where he collided head-on with John's vehicle, killing both of them. That evening, John and his girlfriend Kristen, who was in the car at the time of the crash and survived, were on their way home from Annapolis, Maryland to celebrate his mother's birthday.
Shortly after John's death, the Elliott family approached State representatives about strengthening New Jersey's drunk driving laws. The tragic loss of John's life served as the driving force behind the Elliott's commitment to ensuring no other family would have to endure the overwhelming sadness and grief they now faced every day.
In September of 2000, the John Elliott Law, now known as John's Law, was introduced in the New Jersey Senate and Assembly. The bill gave police the authority to impound the vehicles of drunk drivers for 12 hours. The law also required drunk drivers be detained until they are sober or a friend or relative takes legal written responsibility for ensuring they do not get behind the wheel while they are still drunk. Both John's father and Kristen testified before the Legislature and presented more than 8,500 signatures supporting the bill. In April of 2001, John's Law was signed. A few years later, John's Law II was passed, giving municipalities the authority to enact laws that require police to make sure a drunk driver remains in protective custody for eight hours or until his or her BAC drops below .05.
While John's Law gave police additional tools to keep drunk drivers off the roadways, the Elliott family also recognized the need for increasing public awareness about the horrific consequences of drunk driving. With that in mind, the family simultaneously launched the HERO Campaign for Designated Drivers. Designed to encourage people to use a designated driver, the campaign uses posters, bumper sticker decals, billboards, and other items to help spread the message of staying safe and sober behind the wheel.
Through the campaign's Adopt- A-Tavern Program, volunteers encourage bar and tavern owners to display the posters and other collateral items, providing patrons with vital information on drunk driving. Participating restaurants or bars are encouraged to provide free non-alcoholic drinks to designated drivers and often sell HERO Campaign wristbands to those wishing to show their commitment to being a designated driver.
The New Jersey Restaurant Association, the New Jersey Licensed Beverage Association and the New Jersey Beer Wholesalers have also supported the effort.
Along with restaurants and taverns, the HERO Campaign has successfully partnered with colleges and universities, major sports teams and many other public and private entities, to further promote the effort. The effort also includes extensive use of highway billboards across the country, as well as nationally distributed television public service announcements.
New Jersey was first in the nation to become an official HERO state. States across the nation have followed New Jersey's lead and adopted similar campaigns, including, most recently, New York, which embraced the program in March, 2008. To further encourage national involvement in the campaign, Governor Jon S. Corzine co-signed a letter of support with Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner that was distributed to their Democratic counterparts in seven states. In addition, the National Lieutenant Governor's Association Executive Committee unanimously endorsed the program in February 2008.
The New Jersey Division of Highway Traffic Safety continues to work closely with the Elliotts on numerous drunk driving prevention initiatives.
Additional information on the HERO Campaign and John's Law is available on the John R. Elliott Foundation website, at www.herocampaign.org, and the Division's website, www.njsaferoads.com.


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Week In Politics: Mitt Romney In Europe
By editor • Jul 27, 2012
Originally published on July 27, 2012 6:02 pm
Audie Cornish speaks with regular political commentators, E.J. Dionne of The Washington Post and Brookings Institution, and David Brooks of The New York Times. They discuss Mitt Romney's trip to Europe.


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(Photo by courtesy of Diane Johnston)
The panorama of Case 1 shows that the focus of the exhibit was on the five WASP that were associated with Klamath County, Oregon; left to right, Blanche Osborn Bross, Margaret DeBolt Christian, Peggie Parker Eccles, Margarete McGrath Armstrong, and Gail G. Sigford.
WASP Peggie Parker Eccles, 44-W-4
Feb. 16, 1928 – May 9, 2009
|Peggie Parker Eccles
Courtesy of Texas Woman's University
An Oregon girl by birth, at the age of 16, Peggie Parker entered Mills College in the San Francisco Bay area, with the intent of going to medical school. However, Mills College offered a Civil Air Patrol training program and aviation was a passion for her and her father. During the early days of WWII flying along the coast was not allowed, so to complete their CAP hours, she and her father drove to an airport that was an hour inland from the coast . Parker obtained her pilot's license in 1941 and was interviewed and asked to join the WASP in the spring of 1942. She opted to finish her college degree before joining the WASP.
By June of 1942, Parker had taken and passed the required physical and completed the required paper work, however the paperwork was lost somewhere at Randolph Field, TX. After several months delay, she joined WASP class 44-W-4 at Avenger Field, Sweetwater, Texas.
Upon graduation she was assigned to the Air Transport Command where she ferried B-24s and B-17s to point of embarkations, which included Great Falls, Montana, the San Francisco Bay and Newark, New Jersey. She also flew several Norsemen to Montreal, Canada, which were crated and sent to England. Later, she was sent to a B-29 base near Alamogordo NM, where she was the "taxi service," for four physicists who were working on the top secret atom bomb project. She would fly the scientist from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque to Edwards AF Base in CA, and then on to Washington D.C. According to Eccles, "The project was very hush-hush! I even had to carry a gun while I transported those men."
After deactivation of the WASP, Parker, along with some other WASP, continued in her activities in aviation for another at the Palm Springs Airport in California. She taught flying and continued to ferry planes.
Later she married Julian Eccles.They lived and raised their family in Klamath Falls, Oregon for many years. Peggie Parker Eccles continued to fly whenever she got the opportunity.


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If he was tebow he would be 4/18 from the Field until the 4th quarter.
there's been comparisons to Tebow and Lin even cites he is inspiration. if the comparisons are true then we lose to the Kings tongiht like Broncos had streak snapped by Patriots ending 6 straight, also peep Renaissance Mans teardrop tattoo in honor of Hazel jail history and crimes
image courtesy amareisreal
If he was tebow he would be 4/18 from the Field until the 4th quarter.
The only similarities are they both praise God after wins. Totally different in every other way. Hopefully he's more like Kurt Warner and leads us to a championship.
I personally find praising god when they win in sports kind of silly though but hey, to each his own.
Last edited by LJ4ptplay; Feb 15, 2012 at 11:39.
It's all about belief. When one starts to believe he/she can overcome anything. Religion is just another form of transferring that energy. Energy that can't be created nor destroyed. It's there for empowering... as well as disempowering, depending on the individual...
If you believe you'll have success for doing what you feel is right...good fortune will shine on you. Plus it helps to think positive, reality is only a manifestation of ones thoughts.
I noticed that tatoo aswell. It's disgraceful, but that's my personal oppinion. It seems like he rally picked up all 'fashion habits' from drug dealers and gangsters....grillz, ridiculous tattos like 'black jesus', '***** with an attitude' or the teardrop now....gangmembers do that, pretty disgraceful for a professional athlete.
Thank god there are guys like Allan Houston, Jeremy Lin or Tim Tebow, who don't need that kind of lifestyle and focus on playing basketball and their love of god!
Here is Amar'e for you:
Looks like a scene from Training Day or Menace 2 Society, where is the crack?
I heard Lin wants to become a pastor once his playing days are over, praise the lord!
Although, I would like, just once, for an athlete after a win to say, "I want to thank Darwinian evolution and my parents for giving me the genetic makeup that made this possible". That would be funny. But sadly I think said athlete would be ripped apart and booed for saying it though.
yes the comparison can be made what a coincidence both of them have winning streaks snapped by "New" teams, new england new orleans
image courtesy amareisreal
exactly, LJ4 and iSayugh...unfortunately, such power... in the wrong hands can be used tactically to weakened the will of those succeeding. In the episode "to the point" Lin, I think was interviewed b4, or the day b4 he lost to Nola. I think the Interviewer Jinked him and created a seed of doubt...saying something like "You know you're going to loose sooner or later, right?" The look on Jerry's face was a bit disheartening...as I'm sure he only was thinking of success...until that moment....
Here's the interview if you guys are interested.... thanks btw
[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]
He'll be alright, thou....just as long as he stays confident and disciplined.
To me, their faith is not the main reason they are compared. Both are true underdog stories, guys nobody thought could hold their own, let alone have success in their respective leagues. Both turned around teams that were going nowhere and in doing so, they built a cult-like following. You either love or hate these guys. Personally I don't understand the hate for either. I loved the atmosphere Tebow created in Denver, those fans were going nuts at the end of the Bears and Steelers games. I am thrilled to have someone who can do that here in NY! Jeremy Lin has got MSG ON FIRE!


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Nearly two years ago I started this blog in an effort to share my peculiar eating habits, practice food styling, and someday contribute to the ministries I support. In the last two months my traffic has increased over 150%, and when I looked into why I found that one of my simplest and oldest recipes just hit the right chord with the internet. To everyone who has contributed to this recent boom, thank you! Along with the spread of this recipe has come a barrage of questions, so this repost is to answer every question I've ever received about the recipe…and to give it a new look :)
Scroll down for the recipe and FAQs.
Strawberry Ice Cream
2 cans coconut milk
6 ounces frozen strawberries OR 1 ½ cups fresh strawberries
1/3 cup raw honey
Using only the fat* from the canned coconut milk, blend all ingredients. Now there are several ways to freeze the ice cream base, and there are several ways to process the ice cream.
Freezing and processing options:
-Freeze ice cream base in ice cube trays. Once frozen process in a food processor until creamy.
-Freeze ice cream base in ice cube trays. One frozen press through a Champion Juicer.
-Pour ice cream base into a bowl and stir occasionally as it freezes. Eat as soon as it reaches a thick consistently.
-Pour ice cream base into a large shallow dish (like a casserole dish). Once frozen scrape the solid mass with a fork until soft enough to serve.
-Freeze ice cream base in popsicle molds.
-Use an ice cream maker.
*Canned coconut milk will separate into fat and water. Do not shake the can and you will be able to remove the fat from the can while leaving the water at the bottom. You will need 2 cups of coconut milk fat for this recipe.
Where do I buy canned coconut milk?
I buy Native Forest Organic coconut milk from VitaCost. Most grocery stores carry Thai Kitchen coconut milk, and every health food store carries some brand of coconut milk. Although unmarked, I read that Native Forest uses BPA free cans, which is why I prefer their brand.
How many cans do I need?
Two. Every brand of coconut milk is slightly different, but two cans is enough for this recipe.
How many servings does this make?
Four servings
Can I use coconut cream?
Yes. Trader Joes sells a canned coconut cream, which is the same as coconut milk but it has more fat and less water in each can. You need 2 cups of coconut fat (cream) for this recipe.
Can I use coconut oil?
No. Coconut oil is just the oil pressed from the meat of the coconut. You want coconut milk, which is the meat and water blended together.
Can I use coconut butter?
Yes. Coconut butter is dried and ground coconut meat. Blend ¼ cup coconut butter and 2 cups water to make milk before adding the strawberries and honey.
Can I use a base other than coconut milk?
Yes. You can use cream or yogurt, and if you don't eat dairy you can make your own nut cream. Just make a simple nut milk, but use less water for a thicker consistency and a more creamy ice cream.
Can I use a sweetener other than honey?
Yes. Agave, maple syrup, and date paste work well in place of honey. Stevia can be used to taste.
Can I make other flavors?
Yes! Raspberry, chocolate, vanilla, peanut butter, mint, and many more flavors can be made.
What if I don't like coconut?
Try using vanilla extract to mask the flavor of the coconut milk.
What if I do not have a high-speed blender?
You do not need a high-speed blender for this recipe. When using frozen strawberries just thaw before hand for easiest blending.
What if I do not have an ice cream maker?
You do not need an ice cream maker for this recipe. See above for a list of options for freezing and processing the ice cream.
What can I do with the remaining water in the can?
You can use it in smoothies, to make popsicles, bake with it, or wherever else you may need a liquid in a recipe.
Remember, this is ice cream :) Enjoy!
You may also like:
» Raspberry & Vanilla Ice Cream Sandwiches
» Salty Candied Almond & Honey Marshmallow Rocky Road Ice Cream
» Maple Ice Cream


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Luanda, the capital of Angola, is on the Atlantic coast. It has beautiful beaches and a number of sights.
The sights to be found in the centre of Luanda include a Military Museum, the National Anthropological Museum and Roque Santeiro, a huge open-air market. Futungo market, which is just outside the city, is Angola's biggest arts and crafts market. Every Sunday, the market is transformed into a truly popular festival by musicians and dancers in local traditional costumes.
The Slavery Museum is about 25 kilometres from the centre of Luanda and contains objects and documents from the time of the slave trade. It is estimated that 3 million slaves were shipped from Angola.


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News & Media
News and Media
Integrate disaster risk reduction and development, says IPCC Special Report
SEI researchers Richard Klein and Lisa Schipper are lead authors of the new IPCC Special Report, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX), for which the Summary for Policymakers was released today in Kampala, Uganda, after approval by governments and scientists.
The report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) evaluates the best data, scientific research and analyses on observed and projected changes in weather and climate; the impacts of those changes, opportunities for and constraints on adaptation; the relationship between disaster risk management and sustainable development, and the nature of risk and decision-making under uncertainty.
The authors find that human-caused climate change, natural climatic variations and socio-economic development are all factors in the toll taken by climate extremes and disasters. The biggest climate impacts already being observed are increases in heavy precipitation, record high temperatures and heat waves, and those trends are expected to continue. Combined with rapid population growth in exposed areas and high-value development, this means much greater potential impacts from disasters.
The death toll so far has been much greater in developing countries – more than 95% of deaths from 1970 to 2004, the report shows – and poor countries are also suffering greater losses as a share of their GDP. In absolute terms, however, developed countries' losses are higher, because their physical assets are more valuable. Developed countries also tend to be better equipped to plan for and respond to disasters, though they too can be inadequately prepared.
Focusing on vulnerability
Richard Klein, a lead author and senior research fellow at SEI, said the report highlights the importance of addressing socio-economic factors that compound vulnerability to disasters and climate extremes. "For example," he said, "the disaster following Hurricane Katrina was not due only (or even primarily) to the strength of the storm or the failure of the levees, but also to social inequalities and poor disaster preparedness."
This has major implications for climate finance, Klein said, because "any money mobilised for adaptation or risk reduction will have only limited effect on people's vulnerability if the underlying causes are not addressed – linked to factors such as wealth, education, race, religion, gender, age and health status."
Klein is a lead author of the report chapter "Managing the Risks: International Level and Integration Across Scales," for which he reviewed the role of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in advancing climate change adaptation and disaster risk management, and assessed how existing and new international finance mechanisms could strengthen efforts to reduce vulnerability, especially in developing countries.
Contributing to the same chapter, SEI research fellow Clarisse Kehler Siebert analysed the international legal context in which climate change adaptation and disaster risk management take place, as well as the opportunities and constraints provided by international law to advance these processes.
Integration with development
One of the chapter's findings, Klein noted, is that stronger international efforts will not necessarily lead to substantive and rapid results at the local level, because there is a need for greater integration. There is also a pressing need to integrate adaptation with socio-economic development, he said, both within the UNFCCC and in individual countries.
"There are very few examples of effective integration of adaptation and development," he said. "And even though investment in disaster risk reduction pays off, the separation between adaptation and development means that finance flows are often separate as well, so potential synergies between adaptation and disaster risk reduction are missed."
Lisa Schipper, a senior scientist at SEI whose work focuses on the intersection of adaptation with disaster risk reduction, is a lead author of the chapter "Determinants of Risk: Exposure and Vulnerability." Like Klein, she stressed the importance of development in addressing vulnerability, noting that while poor countries are, in some cases, more exposed to natural hazards, it's the underlying conditions that often lead to disasters.
"Disasters are a social construct: more disasters happen where people are vulnerable," she said. "There are more disasters in developing countries because people tend to be more exposed, more sensitive, have less awareness and are less prepared."
SEI has been closely involved in the work of the IPCC since its founding, and several SEI researchers, including Klein and Schipper, are also lead authors of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, slated to be released in 2013. The Special Report released today was prepared in recognition of the need to learn from experiences in managing and reducing the risk of extreme climate events and provide guidance to countries in their adaptation activities.
"This IPCC report was the first time climate scientists worked together with adaptation experts and disaster scholars," Klein said. "The collaboration has led to a unique outcome, both from a scientific and a policy perspective, which may well prove to be an important breakthrough in advancing efforts to reduce vulnerability to climate extremes and disasters around the world."
Learn more and download the report (IPCC website)


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View from the Top
This proved to be rather difficult; Dylan and the Great Dane (Diogi) we brought with us had to turn around. The rest of us pressed on, and after some complaining, one snake sighting, and two snack breaks, we made it to the top of the waterfall. A sense of accomplishment rushed over us. The view was spectacular, but we knew even greater views lay ahead. Onward and upward.
We knew that once we had reached the waterfall, the top of the mountain was not far off. We walked the path through the woods and veered off to the right, which took us to a spot none of us had been to before. It is at the top of the mountain but not the usual spot, and the ground is made of broken up rocks. Travelers before us had created a cone-shaped rock sculpture and a chair and foot rest made entirely of rocks for weary hikers to rest and take in the view. I definitely suggest going to this spot, but I think that, kind of like Narnia, it has to be found by accident.
We then walked to the left, sensing that it must be where the top is, and we soon found it. The view literally took my breath away; I passed out and fell down the mountain (just kidding, but that would make a good story). Anyway, the view really is breathtaking. The Delaware River winds below you, nestled in vast mountains covered in trees with only a few houses dotting the landscape. It is truly no-man's-land, an unconquered territory, no Wal-Marts in sight, although I joked that they should build one. And a bar called Cliff Bar. (It was funnier at the time).
We sat on the smooth rock covered with carvings ("Jack was here," "CB<3LR" and the like), and ate some more snacks and took pictures. Then, after the right amount of time of admiring the view from the top, we headed back down (this time on the trail).
Now, I wouldn't recommend taking the waterfall route unless you are ready for a challenge. So, I'll talk about the regular path. The first time I hiked it was last spring, and it is more challenging than I thought it would be; some spots are quite steep. I definitely had to stop and catch my breath a few times. But, it's a really nice walk, and as Demetri Martin said, "Hiking is just walking where it's okay to pee." Also, you can see the waterfall from this trail, as well.


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Bubbles Set in Stone
By Rory Winston
"Come meet me in the sky", sings Lily Allen in her recent hit single Air Balloon – an escapist anthem that asks us to enter an alternate universe in which 'monkeys run off from zoos' and 'ceilings turn into floors'. Reveling in a host of exotic images, the song entreats us to partake in an elevated experience by simply stepping through a door. What door? Where? Getting directions for a place that exists solely in someone's imagination can be quite a challenge.


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The Purchasing Division of the General Services Department of the County of Santa Cruz serves the purchasing requirements of all County departments and agencies. This division is responsible for purchasing, leasing, lease/purchasing or renting all equipment, materials, supplies, and all other personal property for the County. Purchasing shall engage independent contractors for personal services where the cost does not exceed the amount set forth in Section 25502.5 of the Government Code. Purchasing employs independent contractors for construction and repair work where the estimated aggregate cost does not exceed the amount set forth in Sections 20121 & 20132 of the Public Contracts Code.
Purchasing Agents work with requesting departments and vendors during the evaluation of proposals to find the right combination of cost, quality, and service that best meet the County's needs.
By law, many County purchases must be made by competitive bid. In these cases, suppliers, who are on a bid list for a particular commodity or service, are notified of the upcoming bidding opportunity.
In the case of informal requests, specifications detailing the product or service needed are also sent to potential vendors who have expressed an interest.
Capital improvement public works projects, such as the County building construction or repairs which exceed an estimated cost of $10,000, are awarded through a formal bid process and usually include detailed plans and specifications.
These projects are always advertised in the newspaper. Your firm can be placed on a bidders list and will be directly notified of any projects which fit the category of work your firm performs.
Plans and specifications are normally available for purchase at the General Services Department, or for public review at the Clerk of the Board of Supervisor's Office or at local builder's exchanges. Bids are awarded to the lowest responsive bidder.


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