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Natrol, Green Tea, 500 mg, 60 Capsules
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
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Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.18 lbs (0.08 kg)Shipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: NTL-00892
- UPC Code: 047469008925
- Package Quantity: 60 Capsules
- Dimensions: 2 x 2 x 4.1 in, 0.15 lbs (0.07 kg)
|Combo Discount:
- Helps Boost Energy
- Powerful Antioxidant
- With Potent Polyphenols
- Dietary Supplement
Green Tea, a powerful antioxidant, has been used for centuries to promote good health.
Suggested Use
Take 1 capsule, one time daily, with a meal.
Other Ingredients
Gelatin, water, magnesium stearate, rice flour, silica.
NO yeast, wheat, corn, milk, egg, soy, glutens, artificial colors or flavors, added sugar, or preservatives.
Consult your healthcare professional prior to use if you have or suspect a medical condition, are taking prescription drugs or are pregnant or lactating. Each serving contains as much caffeine as about one-third cup of coffee. Too much caffeine may cause nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness and occasionally, rapid heart beat. Not for use by individuals under the age of 18 years.
Store in a cool, dry place.
Keep out of reach of children.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 1 Capsule
|Amount Per Serving
|Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis)(leaf)
|500 mg
|250 mg
|125 mg
|35 mg
|* Daily Value (DV) not established.
very good green tea
Posted by 5750802724441781491 on May 13, 2016
really works with me it protect me from cold and make me active
very good
Posted by 5455442806223734206 on Jul 26, 2013
very good
Wakes Me Up
Posted by Reviewer1432028 on Feb 10, 2009
This helps me wake up in the morning without giving me the jitters. It has worked well for weight loss too.
Natrol Green tea caps
Posted by Reviewer2229012 on Jun 14, 2008
Great product, great value, fast service
Posted by Reviewer2848928 on May 04, 2008
Works for me thanks


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Fishing is Great on the Hiwassee
My last two trips have been on one turbine and the best fishing for thirty minutes after it shuts down. Very slippery conditions and the felt with cleats cant be beat!!
Caught my largest rainbow 20"+.
If you go this weekend stop by the fly shop and see Dean reference the current bite. All I took to hand were on Hares Ear nymph in the deepest pools before the water fell.
Underwater pic.
Good Luck!!
Where's the pic of the toad. I haven't been able to fish,so I need a fix. Great report have'nt been to the Hi in a long time.
Great Question!! 2 ft. of water and ran right at me. Being a "Novice Blueliner" I failed to
expect therefore failed to strip fast enough before throwing my nymph. Rookie mistake!!
However, after a couple of minutes of dry heaving, I realized another chapter I had no
clue about when fishing tailwaters. I will never forget this fish as he looked at me and I at
him!! Back to the river again this Sunday!!
Any advice is greatly appreciated.
Thank You,
Well you got the best part of him. The fight. Every time I loose a large fish which seems to be more often than not it just kills me. Every time I blink I see the big one that got away. Better luck Sunday.
I drove down to Reliance Friday night, got up Saturday morning @ 8am, made some coffee and breakfast, filled my travel cup, jumped into car around 8:40 and headed over to the river. I was passing Big Bend about 8:55 saw one car parked there and did not see another up to Towee Shoals, so I turned around from that spot and parked downstream several hundred yards from the shoals where I decided to fish. I put my waders on and grabbed my gear, was about 9:10 when I started to wade out into the river. They were pulsing 1 generator from 7-8 AM, takes 1 hour for the water to reach the shoals so I knew at 9 it would start receding which it was doing. I started about 300 yards downstream of the shoals; I could see upstream past the shoals and well downstream and could not see another person on the water which was amazing. There was little surface activity, I saw a few caddis coming off the water, nothing chasing them, but I decided to tie on a size 16 caddis anyway and see if I could get something started. After about 20 or so casts and still not seeing any activity and no takers, I went to my nymph box and put on one of my favorite, a bead head flash back caddis on 6X tippet. I was casting up stream at a bias, mending it as it swung through the pool (no strike indicator) in front of me at on the second cast, got my first take, a healthy 11" rainbow. I stayed with that approach, caught one small rainbow and a chub so I started to moved up stream a little ways to another run I like to fish. As I got closer to the run, I noticed another fisherman about 100 yards above me working a streamer so I stopped where I was at and started fishing a nice run. A couple of casts into this run I had a bump that I missed, threw it back in the same spot and hooked and landed a nice 14" brown. I continued working this run for 30 mins, caught another small rainbow and then a nice 16" fish. I could now see a couple of other guys walking into the river downstream of me by a couple hundred yards. I noticed some surface activity starting, the fish were midging so I went to a griffiths gnat. I had one hook-up that I lost shortly into the battle and one other miss, then I heard the roar of the water coming through the shoals as they had the water back on so I started to pull back. I had promised the wife I would be back before noon to do some things around the cabin, so I thought this would be a great time to cut the morning short and hold up my end of the bargain so I could return a little later toward evening. If someone can guide me on how to post pictures, I will be glad to show the nice brown and rainbow I caught. Kinda new to this, not sure how to do it.
I will pass on to you as it was me.
Open a photobucket account. It's free. Download your pics to your computer from your
SD card.
Go to photo bucket and click create a new album, name it, open it and then click Upload pictures.
Hi-light the the pics you want downloaded. Click upload , start or finish at this stage.
Go to photobucket. Go to each picture and click on it. It will get larger. At this point go
to top left of the pic and drop downs will appear. Go to resize and click on the 1280 - 960.
Click the closest variation to the above size.
Now the fun part....right click in the center of the picture. Click on: Copy Address. In another window, open our forum. Click home, open the Subject area u want to make a post and click new thread.
Title your subject block, drop down to the block I'm typing in and put your comments. Then click the yellow icon above with the mountain. It will show http:. Delete it. Then right click your mouse where the http was and paste. Then enter.
Drop down below....click preview and u can then see your success. Go back to photo bucket, resize, right click then to our forum and repeat.
Hope this helps. Please let me know.
Post away my friend!!
Thanks Breck for your help. Here is the 13" Brown that I landed.
here is the 16" rainbow
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"The work of Catholic Answers was instrumental in bringing me back to the Church. With the help of God's grace, I was then able to help bring my wife back too. Keep up the good work!"
"Man must be changed by what is holy, not what is holy by man."


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"I have been listening to you on EWTN for about one year now. I left the Catholic Church 42 years ago and have been attending Protestant churches. After many struggles during this last year, I finally went to confession on Sunday. Thank you all so much for helping me on my journey home."
"There is one jewel for my poor soul, in a life which desires not sin; it is the beads... Suitable are these for a gift; bits of the tree of Him Who redeemed us."


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Panel set to scale back tax rate hikeBy Neal P. Goswami
VERMONT PRESS BUREAU | March 26,2014MONTPELIER — The House Ways and Means Committee is poised to advance legislation that would raise the statewide residential property tax rate by 4 cents instead of the 7 cents that Gov. Peter Shumlin had recommended.
The committee used a variety of ways to cut back the increase. The base homestead property tax rate under the committee's bill would rise to 98 cents from 94 cents.
Meanwhile, the nonresident property tax rate would increase 8 cents to $1.52 from $1.44. The committee tacked on an additional penny to the nonresidential rate to help lower the residential rate.
Rep. David Sharpe, D-Bristol, the ranking member on Ways and Means, said the 7 cent increase Shumlin had recommended earlier this year was reduced in three additional ways:
School budgets across the state were expected to rise an average of 3.8 percent, but the average increase came in at about 3 percent after Town Meeting Day.
The committee tapped into a tax stabilization fund to the tune of $4 million.
And $6 million in one-time money is being used from a surplus in the education fund.
A provision in state law allows a portion of any higher-than-expected tax receipts to go to the education fund. The committee is using $6 million of the $11 million available. The state used about $20 million in similar funding last year.
"The problem with spending one-time money for tax rate reduction is the next year you have to deal with the increases that year plus the hold created with one-time money," Sharpe said.
The committee made other changes affecting property taxes. The base education amount, used in the formula for calculating the rate at which property taxpayers are assessed, will rise from $9,151 to $9,382.
The panel tinkered with the income sensitivity formula to provide relief to middle-class Vermonters. Households earning less than $47,000 a year will not see a change in their property tax adjustment under the plan. Households earning between $47,000 and $90,000, however, will see some benefits.
Additionally, the committee lowered the maximum amount of an income-sensitized adjustment to $6,000, from $8,000. And the base income rate — used to determine income sensitivity — will rise to 1.9 percent, from 1.8 percent, in effect raising property taxes for income-sensitized Vermonters in fiscal year 2015.
Rep. Patti Komline, R-Dorset, said she hoped her fellow committee members would go further in addressing annual increases in property taxes.
"Basically, what we do in here is trade around every year who gets hit, which I don't support doing," she said.
Komline, who has advocated repealing and replacing the current education financing formula, said the committee failed to seek a long-term solution to unsustainable education costs.
"We didn't do enough. If we were doing this this year with a very sincere focus that we're going to attack this and solve this problem next year I'd feel better about it. But the projection for next year is another 5 cents and the year after that another 5 cents for the residential rate. So it's not like this is an anomaly," Komline said. "We're not tackling the issue. I don't feel good about it at all."
The Ways and Means Committee is expected to vote the bill out today.
neal.goswami @rutlandherald.comMORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Gov. Full StoryMONTPELIER Gov. Full StoryMONTPELIER Former Vermont Gov. Full Story
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This item is no longer available for purchase.
Now you can enjoy dramatically better TV sound, all from a one-piece solution. The Bose® Solo TV sound system fits neatly under your TV* and reveals more of the dialogue, sound effects and music you've been missing. Bose technology brings out the details you're meant to hear, clearly and naturally, at any volume. One listen, and you'll realize there's more to experience in your TV shows than you ever imagined.
*The Bose® Solo TV sound system is designed for TVs with bases that are no wider than 20″ and no deeper than 10.25″. Most TVs up to 32″ and many 40″– 42″ TVs meet these requirements.
Experience the TV sound Bose® technology makes possible – more dialogue, sound effects and music.
Speaker array technology delivers deep, rich sound, spread evenly throughout the room.
One unobtrusive speaker fits neatly under your TV for most 32″ TVs, and many up to 40-42", and requires no additional equipment.
The Bose® Solo TV sound system is designed for TVs with bases that are no wider than 20″ and no deeper than 10.25″. Most TVs up to 32″ and many 40″– 42″ TVs meet these requirements.
Sets up with one connection to the TV and one plug to the wall.
Easy to use with slim remote control or with most universal remotes.
(based on 2 reviews)
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Great product
By technically challenged
from NY
About Me Movie Enthusiast, Practical, Technically Challenged
Best Uses
Comments about Bose® Solo TV Sound System:
Great product. Does what it claims to do. Easy to set up.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
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(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Sound Solution with Ergonomics
By STD Philly 69
from Philadelphia, PA
About Me Movie Enthusiast, Practical, Technically Challenged, Tech Savvy
The problem with most HDTVs LCD,LED or Plasma is the sound quality from the speakers. When a TV Show or Movie is shown...you can hardly hear the words spoken by the actors or the commentary given by a sports or news caster. Then the commercials are louder then the program you are watching and the volume has to be turned down. Being a satisfied Bose Home theater system owner, I wanted the Bose quality without really blowing the Box in a bedroom. After purchasing this system, hooking it up to the 42" HDTV in the bedroom, I was impressed...(still will get another Bose Home Theater Sound Bar for the other HDTV)a Sound Bar Solution for a small room that is loud enough for a large room with ease and clarity. It was easy to hook up, lightweight, and fits nicely under a 50" or smaller HDTV. The advantage is that you can use both the TV Speakers and this Bose System at the same time to make a great sound enhancement. Yes, it costs more. If you want quality sound without the hassle...this Bose system is worth it! Highly Recommend Bose for HDTV Sound Enhancement.
Service and delivery comments:
The P.C. Richards Store (NE Philadelphia, PA) Sales Representative - Sean , was very prompt in getting this Bose System to me. The store didn't have it in stock, yet he was able to get it within a day. Being a Mass Transit user, they even made sure it was packaged to conceal and carry the product (being lightweight) back home.Never have a complaint with this P.C. Richards Location. They do look out for the customer like the old neighborhood appliance stores of past.
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Fraternities and Sororities
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You are here
Do You Have Questions about the Health Care Marketplace? Hangout with SBA & Cover Oregon for Answers
Comments welcome on this page. See Rules of Conduct.
Do You Have Questions about the Health Care Marketplace? Hangout with SBA & Cover Oregon for Answers
Not sure how the health care law may impact your business in Oregon? SBA and Cover Oregon are teaming up to bring you three Google+ Hangouts that will dive into specific topics of the Affordable Care Act like the Marketplace and the small business tax credit.
The first Hangout kicks off on August 13th and will cover what businesses need to know about the Marketplace, also known as Cover Oregon. Through Cover Oregon, employers and individuals will be able to shop for health insurance plans. Oregon is among the 17 states and the District of Columbia that has chosen to establish their own Marketplace.
Here's what you need to know about the Hangout:
What is a Marketplace and How can it Help my Business in Oregon
August 13 | 12-12:30pm PT
- Meredith Olafson, Senior Policy Advisor, SBA
- Marisa O'Brien, Business Marketing Specialist, Cover Oregon
- Jim Houser, Small Business Owner, Hawthorne Auto Clinic, Inc.
Elizabeth Hayes, Reporter, Portland Business Journal
Watch from either SBA's:
- YouTube Channel http://www.youtube.com/sba
- Google+ Page www.google.com/+sbagov
How you can participate:
Tweet your questions using the hashtag #CoverOregon
Registration is not required for this Hangout. Simply click on SBA's YouTube channel http://www.youtube.com/sba or Google+ Page www.google.com/+sbagov to watch the Hangout live on August 13 at 12pm PT. The Hangout will also be recorded and will be available on SBA's YouTube channel and Google+ page.
About the Author:
Natale Goriel
SBA Official


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Lecture 22 | Programming Paradigms (Stanford)
Lecture by Professor Jerry Cain for Programming Paradigms (CS107) in the Stanford University Computer Science department. In this lecture, Prof. Cain elaborates upon Scheme programming language by giving several detailed code examples.
Programming Paradigms (CS107) introduces several programming languages, including C, Assembly, C++, Concurrent Programming, Scheme, and Python. The class aims to teach students how to write code for each of these individual languages and to understand the programming paradigms behind these languages.
CS 107 Course Website:
Stanford University:
Stanford University Channel on YouTube:


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Some of the best acting yet this year crackles on screen in Tate Taylor's new biopic of singer James Brown in the film Get On Up. Too bad Taylor's movie can't match the sizzle. Maybe there's just way too much to cram in. Despite the movie's more than 2 hour running time, the montage of Brown's life from his dirt poor upbringing to the grand finale of his seem like just that -- snippets.
Taylor infuses Get On Up with the same skill that we saw in his last directorial outing, The Help, but he had more to work with there. An opening scene where a PCP-induced high has Brown toting a shotgun and threatening to shoot someone who has used his private toilet, is humorous but needs a bit more explaining to make it pop. And people who come in and out of Brown's life are so underdeveloped, it's difficult to keep track.
But then there's that main cast that just keeps Get On Up mesmerizing. Chadwick Boseman, whose feature-film breakthrough was incarnating Jackie Robinson in "42," had to exhibit a slow burn in that film. Here he's "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business," a man whose ego covers his tortured soul. Boseman captures every essence of it.
Viola Davis as Brown's mother, Susie, is her usually captivating self -- never relenting as the abused mother who chooses freedom over her son, which eventually leads the boy to learn the tricks of the trade at his aunt's brothel. When she returns years later to claim her place as his mother, Davis captures a woman who has let years gone without a look back.
Musician Jill Scott plays Brown's second wife, Deirdre "Dee Dee" Jenkins, but her introduction and subsequent marriage to Brown is part of the choppiness -- first she's a groupie in the audience, then in practically the next frame, she's the victim of Brown's spousal abuse. Scott's role, though, is seriously underwritten, which is a shame, because she has such a presence that you want to feel her pain instead of just see it.
Nelsan Ellis is another standout as Brown's patient sideman Bobby Byrd, whose understated portrayal speaks volumes.
The low point of the main cast, however, unfortunately is Dan Ackroyd as Brown's manager, Ben Bart. He's at his most grating with an odd, tough-guy accent that sounds like one of his non-perfected characters on Saturday Night Live – a cross between Midwestern and Brooklynese that's so distracting, you hope Brown will fire him sooner rather than later.
Where this non-linear movie does its best is in its concentrated ability to capture where Brown was at his best — in his concert performances. Boseman, who did some of the singing on the soundtrack (the rest of it is Brown himself), has the moves and the style, but credit Taylor for how he focuses his spotlight on the infectiousness of Brown's performances.
Brown's moves and presence have influenced everyone from Prince to Pharrell Williams to Michael Jackson to Mick Jagger, and there's no way to watch the film without considering the impact that he had on modern music.
Meanwhile, it should be noted that the movie wouldn't have gotten made had it not been for Mick Jagger (yes, that Mick Jagger) who was one of the producers along with Hollywood powerhouse Brian Grazer (Jagger is credited with securing the rights to make the production possible; this was a longtime Spike Lee passion that never got off the ground). Jagger knew Brown and they first worked together in 1964 when they were on the same television entertainment show in Santa Monica. It's one of the best scenes in the film when Brown is informed by his manager that he wouldn't be headlining the show as originally planned. A last-minute decision gave the honor to Jagger and his Rolling Stones. These are the types of snippets that give Get On Up its gold record moments.
Choppy or not, with these and the film's stand out cast, Get On Up can certainly bust a move.


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Check it out!
I reviewed two awesome Mets DVDs for MLB.com–it was a fun project, watching almost twenty hours of some of the best Mets games ever along with a fittingly fun and poignant goodbye to Shea. Take a look!🙂
I'm off to Shea tonight and tomorrow for what I hope will be continued taking care of business by our beloved team.
And stay tuned Monday for a special announcement of a new group project–an exciting new addition to the Mets online community!
3 Comments
What? We have to wait till Monday?😦
Nice work on the review😉 Def not the prettiest park but the memories make it what it is…. home.
Keep up the good work, Z!🙂
— Desiree
What a great job–watching Mets videos. Does it get any better than that? I finally got my copy of Shea Goodbye (after being on backorder for several weeks), and was thoroughly pleased. Shea has pretty much been my second home, my summer home since I started following the Mets in 1985. What a fitting way to remember the great times I've had there.
Looking forward to hearing about your new project.
Nice review, Zoe– I'll definitely be picking these up. I'm starting to get teary about Shea.
I'm also teary about John Maine.😦


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Sizing is way off
By TJ the ride-fly
from PDX
Comments about Pearl Izumi X-Alp Seek IV WRX Cycling Shoes - Closeout:
Bought these for my wife- she normally wears size 39 and the 39s for this model is way too small. I don't know if this these run small or if this is a singular case of getting the size wrong. It's too bad, because they're great looking shoes and of course, comes with the normal PI quality. If you get these shoes, be sure to size up at least one full size. I'd give these 5 stars for a recreational shoe, but because of the sizing issue, I can only give it 3.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Comment on this review
Wonderful shoes
By old but still going
from Minnesota
About Me Avid Cyclist
I tried Schimno "road" shores but came back to these. They are not heavy, the fit well, and they allow you to walk if necessary. I love 'em. Have a pair at home, in the SUV, at the lake.
Comfortable and light as a feather
By Nomo
from Portland CT
See all my reviews
Good shoe for all around use. Most cycling shoes are about as comfortable as wooden clogs but I actually wore these to work before I put cleats on. Sole is pretty stiff but my five tens are still the best shoes for mountain biking (I ride flat pedals on hard trails)
A versatile shoe.
By Berdi
from Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Looks like normal sport shoe. Took very steep inclines and did have to walk and thankfully this shoes are decent at walking. Comfy, a little bit tight for a size 9. Love all the reflective parts since sometimes I ride road at night.
A nice change
By JoelA
from New Jersey
About Me Casual/ Recreational
I bought these because walking with my road shoes was getting to be a hassle. I sometimes go on all day bike trips with my friends and when we get off to look around I need something better to walk in. These shoes fit the bill perfectly. They do ad weight. I had to buy new pedals as well. Overall I believe it was worth it to change.
Great shoe! Check sizing chart though
By Catracho Cyclist
from lincoln, NE
This is a great shoe! I agree with the other comments in regards sizing...make sure you check out the sizing chart before buying. I had to return a pair and order a size larger; now they fit great. I use them all day and they are very comfortable, just as comfortable as regular tennis shoes. The only con I find is that shoe lace compartment, it is great to have it but the opening is a bit too low, but the shoes are great and they look great!
Comfortable fit. Good looking!
By Bike collector
from Detroit Area! Michigan
I ordered 1/2 size larger than normal. Perfect fit!
Great Shoes. Know your size
By mboyte
from Tacoma, WA
About Me Commuter
I bought these to supplement a pair of Keen Austin cycling shoes that I Use for my ten mile commute. The Keens are quite comfy but they really soak up the water during the winter and they were starting to look pretty rough.The Pearl Izumi are more of a traditional cycling shoe, so a bit narrow. But they are quite comfortable and they look great with cycling gear or casual commuting clothes. They offer a good compromise between stiffness and walkability. I could see wearing these at work occasionally. The SPD are sufficiently recessed as to mostly avoid the irksome sounds of metal on concrete when walking.I bought a size smaller than I ultimately needed and had to return them for an appropriate size. That is always a risk when buying online and when buying a brand that you aren't familar with. Bike Nashbar did a fine job during the return and re order process.
excellent shoes
By markinsofla
from south florida
this is my second pair of pearl izumi and I love them because you can walk on any surface without the slip and fall issues of other cycling shoes
Great for spin class
By Grinder
from Hartford, CT
I'm not a mountain biker but I do take spin class twice a week. These shoes are great for that purpose.
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Bradley principal to receive $25,000 national Milken teaching award
October 9, 2001
Further information, call: 312/814-3490 or
Springfield-Helping kids succeed is a common motto heard in schools across the country. However, for Steve Severson, principal of Bradley Middle School, it is way more than a motto—it is a way of life.
Severson is described as a "truly exceptional administrator," by his colleagues. He is credited with creating an atmosphere of mutual trust and support that positively affects both the students and staff at Bradley Middle School.
His dedication and commitment to creating the best learning environment possible have now earned him national recognition as one of 120 educators nationwide to receive the Milken National Educator Award for 2001. Recipients of the Milken National Educator Award also receive $25,000 to be used in any manner they choose.
Severson truly fits the Milken mold.
"The Bradley Central staff is truly a 'team in action' with Steve as an active part of that team. His high expectations for student learning and achievement have helped Bradley Central become a model for other schools in the area," wrote Judy Trumble, School Improvement Coordinator in a letter recommending Severson for this award.
Superintendent Gael Kent wrote that one of Steve's greatest strengths is, "he addresses concerns in a forthright manner and is exceptional in dealing with parents, students, and staff."
Severson began his career in education in 1986 as a science teacher. In 1991 he decided to follow his desire to have a bigger impact on students by becoming a principal. It was obviously the right choice for him based on the level of respect and admiration his staff, his supervisors, his students, and members of the community have for him.
His assistant principal Scott Goselin says that "while working with him, I have been continually impressed with his driving commitment to excellence, work ethic and knowledge of his profession. He never loses sight of students and their needs."
Clearly, Steve Severson is not only helping kids succeed, he is helping education succeed.


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2015 Veterans Mental Health Summit - Southeast Texas Region
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2015 Veterans Mental Health Summit - Southeast Texas Region
taken by Traci Patterson Licensed under
On Friday, August 14, 2015, the Veterans Mental Health Summit for the Southeast Texas Gulf Coast Region took place on the campus of the University of St. Thomas. It promoted awareness and use of VA mental health resources, helped Veterans gain access to local community services and resources, and encouraged strategies for building healthy communities for Veterans and their families. The summit also honored Veteran peer mentors who serve as volunteers or employees with veteran-serving organizations. The 2015 Veterans Mental Health Summit is a collaborative, community event between the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Mental Health America of Greater Houston, City of Houston Office of Veterans Affairs, Gulf Coast Center, Grace after Fire, Lone Star Veterans Association, MHMRA of Harris County, Military Veteran Peer Network, Playsmint LLC, Tri‐County Behavioral Healthcare, United Way of Greater Houston, University of St. Thomas, and Via Hope.
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Originally Posted by miyako uchiha
Kisame scares me.
Which is why I like him. ;'D Scary/demented men ftw.~
Hai..I think there is another one who would like to join.. Can I join this club? hehe..:D
join..... please
i would like to join Sasori is my favorite from the akatsuki
I would like to join. My favorite characters, I have many and a few from Akatsuki athough I'll tell you one . It's Itachi because he's smart,powerful,fast,and tricky. Itachi knows what to do and what not to do, he had the choice of betraying the village or the Uchiha clan. He knows the past of Madara and knows lots of jutsu. He's well trained with the sharingan and can beat Sasuke. Lol I'd create a bio but I wouldn't want you get bored.
i love itachi...
To ezooone: Yes you may join.~
To Chode: Of course.~
To Bluetwilight: Yes you may, and Sasori is cool. ;D
To Corrupted: Haha. You may join and Itachi is pretty cool.~ My favorite Akatsuki is Kisame.~ Hurhur
To naruto s06p beastmode: ;D
So that means you like Hidan too right?
cause he's even scarier!
Originally Posted by miyako uchiha
So that means you like Hidan too right?
cause he's even scarier!
Yuus Hidan is awesome, and scary.~
However I think Kisame is more scarier than Hidan. Hidan is just...crazy.
Hidan........is a... psycho. xD
but he's a funny psycho.
Originally Posted by miyako uchiha
Hidan........is a... psycho. xD
but he's a funny psycho.
Yesss exactly. Took the words right out of my mouth. ;
And him and Kakuzu are one of the funniest pairs.
Deidara and Tobi are at the top of the hilarious comrades.
tobi is the funniest IMO
Can I join? The Akatsuki rock, I'm sad most of them died though.
It's a shame they died, then they come back.....and die all over again.
i would like to join the akatsuki fc. my favorite member is nagato/pein
i would like to join fav character is itachi of course
Yes you may all join, and I agree. I think they died way to quickly in my opinion. Alsoo loveee Kakuzu. ~
Hi!! I'm new here in base, can i join in this club??
Akatsuki NEVER dies! x_x
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"The civil authority has been, ever from the days of Herod, the enemy of Christ. The question, now pending, is whether the Church shall admit to ministry those only who, according to the dictation of the civil power, are fit for the office."
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Kevin Youkils vs Mark Teixeira–a friendly comparison
For those of you that did not already know, I have a research paper coming up. We are supposed to focus on a certain kind of liberty or "space" that was created during America's Gilded Age. And what better space to talk about than baseball: America's past time! It's a new cultural space, that provided lots of liberties, and even took some away. Last night, we had to e-mail our ideas to our teacher, and his response started with: 'I should've known!'.
regardless of their age, ethnicity, gender, political views, religious views or sense of humor.
15 Comments
I LOVE the definition of MLBlog! You should send that to Mark and it needs to be posted on the homepage. Youk vs Tex – enough said! And I look forward to reading your paper ideas as you move along. Good luck and thanks for the kind words. I would say you got some GREAT true sentences. What an amazing group of people we have here at MLBlogs!
I liked the Youk Tex' story. I want to compare them when each was in his prime. I'm with Julia send the MLBlogs definition to Mark. My sentence would be "Every second is the future good things happen and bad things happen."
Julia: Thanks! I think I will. And I feel lucky to be part of such an amazing community!
Bigpapi: I love the sentence, it'll be in my next post. And I'm about to send it to Mark now!
LOVE the MLBlog definition. Love all the sentences. We're a smart bunch of people here. Youk and Tex really are quite similar. I never knew. And you guys are getting Youk for a great price. Good for you guys!
In case no one's noticed, Randor Bierd is just a great baseball name.
Jen: We are getting Youk for a bargain seeing that he and Tex are so similar!
Jane: Randor Bierd is a great baseball name–so is Rocco Baldelli!
Glad Miami has my back! Hhmm, sentence…Well I could easily rattle off so many great sentences but not sure if one would encompass "everything" and I think Ernest struggled with an overall. For now I would say, "The smartest man realizes that for as much as he knows there is so much more he does not." Basically the idea never close your mind because there is always something you can learn. And Randor, somebody needs to find the origin of that puppy!
They are both good players, I don't see it as that outlandish of a comparison. Can't believe I used the word outlandish … Good word.
Tommy: Like Socrates right? Accepting the fact that we know nothing. And I'm on it (Randor's background!).
Homer: Nice use of outlandish LOL.
I'm with Jeff on this one: "The Cardinals win the Pennant!" or maybe "The Cardinals are the World Champions!"
Hi, Elizabeth …
Excellent definition of a MLBlog !!! … There was great teamwork by all of the mlbloggers [including myself] who listed many good definitions of a MLBLog in the comment section on you last post, which inspired you to come up with your definition !!! … Your post encouraged us to give some thought to two interesting questions: "What is our defination of a MLBlog"?, and "What is our one true sentence"? … It was a pleasure to think about, and write a response for both these thought provoking questions !!! … Also, thanks for listing my "one true sentnce" on your above post, with the others !!! Take care, Elizabeth !!! ….. Jimmy [27NYY], "BY&L" ….. http://baseballtheyankeesandlife.mlblogs.com/
Mark Teixeira vs. Kevin Youkilis …
Well, Elizabeth, you make some good points comparing both great first basemen !!! … You should consider being a lawyer in your off-hours of your writing career !!! … Both players had great numbers last year; and, Youkilis continues to improve each season !!! … Teixeira's numbers are more consistent over the years, and you already conceded that Tex has more power !!! … So, there is no question that both are very valuable to their teams, and it will be interesting to see this head-to-head matchup over the next five to eight years !!! … Both players in their teams lineup will make the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry even more fun to watch in the years to come !!! … Now, as a Yankees fan, I shouldn't be saying this, but I will give you one more point in your defense of Youkilis in this comparison … When Mark Teixeira was introduced to the NY media, at his press conference, he said, "I haven't accomplished anything yet, since I don't have a World Series ring" … He also said, he's "going to work hard to improve as a player, and the goal is to win the World Series every year." !!! … Just like in the great debate between Don Mattingly and Kirby Puckett, both those players have very similar numbers, but Puckett is in the Hall of Fame, and Mattingly is not … The only difference in their careers is the fact that Puckett has "two" World Series rings, and Mattingly never played on a Yankee World Championship team !!! … Putting the numbers aside, Kevin Youkilis has "two" World Series rings with the Red Sox, and that does add extra value to any players career [as in the case with Puckett] … Teixeira doesn't have a WS ring yet [I do expect him to receive, oh, I don't know, maybe, at least, three-five World Series rings over his Yankees career, maybe more] … But, Kevin Youkilis already has those rings, and that's something no one can take away from him !!! … Youkilis played on two World Champonship teams with the Red Sox, and it's only fair to bring up that fact because as Yankee fans we always mention the "four" World Series rings that Jeter, Rivera, Posada, and Pettitte have earned from the great Yankee Championship teams of the late 1990's … The value of the Yankee players on those Championship teams will always be connected with the rings they wear on their fingers, which is also the case with Kevin Youkilis, and the Red Sox players who also received WS rings !!! … Well, what more can I say, Elizaberth? … You always inspire me to write many words about the great passion we all have for our teams and the great game of Baseball … Another excellent "post" as usual, Elizabeth !!! … Jimmy [27NYY], "BY&L" http://baseballtheyankeesandlife.mlblogs.com/
Kathy: Great feeling in '06 huh?
Jimmy: I like your whole argument about the World Series rings. I think it should be somewhat of a factor, but not for the HOF. You have to look at individual statistics for that. I'm glad I inspired you!!
The reason the Red Sox made the trade with the Orioles was to get something back for him. After being DFA'd, Pauley could elected to become a free agent and the Red Sox would have gotten nothing. At least by getting Bierd, they'll have an MLB capable middle relief arm in Pawtucket.
Hopefully they'll let Bierd develop in the minors. Once Smoltz and Penny are gone, he might be needed!


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Even a great movie or TV show isn't above throwing in one ridiculous, larger-than-life character who almost ruins any element of realism in the plot. The genius who's too smart, the hero who's too cool, the rebel who breaks the rules but somehow never gets punished for it.
Hey, you know where else you find ridiculous characters like that? Real life.
The Ridiculous Premise
We're so used to Sylvester Stallone playing sneering, invincible killing machines that we forget that the whole point of Rocky was that the guy was a vulnerable, everyday schlub who worked odd jobs because he stunk at boxing. Hell, half of you reading this probably only saw the sequels and don't even realize the original Rocky ended with him losing the match.
Despite punching so much meat
No, the inspirational -- and laughably unrealistic -- part of the story was that this Philadelphia doofus and part-time boxer somehow got a shot at the flamboyant world champ, knocked him down, then went toe-to-toe for the duration of the fight, taking the best the champ could dish out. At the end, Rocky's face is a swollen, bloody mess, but he hangs tough and for one night proved he could hang with the best.
The Reality
The real guy's name was Chuck Wepner. In 1975 he was a liquor salesman in New Jersey by day, boxer by night. And he got the same deal as Rocky. A lottery ticket of a fight that, if he won, would make him the champion of the world. It was considered such a big deal at the time that Wepner made the cover of Sports Illustrated, despite the fact that he looked like this:
Neil Leifer
"Take some of the light off his face? Or maybe throw a bag over it?"
Remember how by the end of his climactic fights, Rocky's face always looked like an animal you've never seen before had been run over by a truck? And the unrealistic amounts of blood leaping off of Rocky's face in slow motion every time he got punched? Wepner's boxing nickname was "The Bayonne Bleeder" because his face would spurt blood pretty much the moment a boxing glove touched it (Wepner had more than 300 stitches in his face -- he was apparently not the most elusive boxer of his era).
Instead of Apollo Creed, Wepner simply had to face one of the best boxers in the history of human civilization - Muhammad Ali. The champ wanted an easy fight as a warm-up to a real match later, so we're guessing he was looking at a list and picking between "The Bayonne Bleeder" and a guy named "Brittle Ribs Ranalli." Ali and Wepner would split the purse 94% to 6% in Ali's favor.
Just as in Rocky, Ali toyed with Wepner early on and just as in the film, Wepner knocked Ali down, shocking the boxing world.
Via boxrec.com
And seriously, look at the guy
Ali got up, and spent the rest of the fight using Wepner's face as a speed bag. But just like Rocky, Wepner would not go down. Finally, in the 15th and final round, the refs stopped the fight. Wepner's face looked worse than Rocky's -- he'd need 23 stitches after it was over. But he stayed on his feet.
A young Sylvester Stallone watched that match on TV, and immediately pounded out the screenplay for Rocky, spawning an Academy award-winning film, five sequels and an entire generation of scrappy underdog protagonists in sports movies. Wepner would live on in obscurity, only capturing the public eye when he emerged from retirement years later to fight a Soviet superman and single-handedly end the cold war.
8Sherlock Holmes
The Ridiculous Premise
Two things about the character of Sherlock Holmes clearly mark him as the figment of a writer's imagination:
A) His nearly magical crime-solving skills, including the ability to glance at a stain on the carpet and from that somehow deduce the killer's height, weight, age and current location;
B) The fact that he's not a cop but is allowed to solve crimes because he's so awesome at it.
"Don't argue. Clearly, I have the best hat."
That second one is something you might not have caught if you haven't read the stories. Holmes doesn't work for the police department, he doesn't have a badge and he has no authority to make arrests. In the stories, people hire him as a private investigator, and Scotland Yard calls him in to work under the table on cases that were too difficult to solve.
And according to Guy Ritchie's version, he was handy in cases that involved homoerotic pit fighting.
It's a classic fantasy of the armchair amateur sitting in his drawing room, puffing on a pipe and solving puzzles that baffle the professionals. And about as likely as those novels about crime-solving cats.
The Reality
Sherlock Holmes, and basically every other character like him, ever can be traced back to this dude:
That's Eugene Francois Vidocq, the guy who invented modern criminology and who was, by the way, the world's first private detective. Before forensic science existed, the guy had his own laboratory -- he invented chemicals to detect forged documents and came up with the technique of making plaster casts of footprints. It is claimed that the guy was studying musket balls to match them to a murder weapon more than a decade before the science we now know as ballistics was even invented.
He created the first "database" of criminals and their modus operandi on organized index cards. Not that he needed them -- he is said to have memorized the face and details of every single bad guy he ran across.
How Holmes-esque was the guy? Police claimed that Vidocq showed up at the scene of a burglary in 1831, glanced at the damage done to the door and immediately told them the name of the thief. And he was right.
But the manner in which he got that job in the first place is even more ridiculous. On one hand, it's true that Vidocq studied crime his whole adult life. On the other, those studies consisted of being a criminal. Finally, at age 34, he found himself in prison and agreed to turn informant for the police, who hid his early release by staging an elaborate fake escape. Seriously, with everything this guy did, you can perfectly picture a glib Robert Downey Jr. in his place.
Turns out this film was pretty accurate.
Once back in the world, Vidocq put together his own private group of undercover detectives -- most of whom were ex-cons like himself -- and went about solving crimes, Holmes-style. Vidocq was a master of disguise and would slip into criminal gangs under fake identities. Which is to say, he revolutionized the concept of going undercover. By 1817, he and his crew were catching more than 800 criminals a year (compare that to Holmes' leisurely pace). By that point, the police were so impressed (and somewhat pissed off by how bad he was making them look) that they put his team (of ex-criminals, mind you) on the payroll. But he still took private cases on the side, and in 1833, he started the world's first private detective agency.
Today his legacy is carried on by the Vidocq Society, a club of crime experts who get together in their spare time and solve cases just for the hell of it. One 1984 murder went unsolved for 14 years until the club got a hold of it. Sixteen months later, the killer was getting sentenced to life in prison without parole.


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These days, the functional languages are all the rage. You see more and more hackers from the traditionally vanilla languages trying out things like Haskell or Scheme or OCaml. Breaking away from an imperative tradition forces us to think in a different way, which is always a good thing.
Recently, I've heard a lot about Erlang, especially from curious members of the Ruby community. This article is the result of my quick dive into the language, and will hopefully serve as a starting point for anyone else who's been hearing the buzz, but hasn't taken the plunge yet.
For this article, I'm assuming you're familiar with the general ideas behind functional programming, and that you have at least a conceptual grasp of concurrency. I'm also counting on you having at least an intermediate level of experience programming in any language. However, I'm not assuming you know any Erlang, so don't worry if this is the first time you've ever heard of the language.
There are a lot of functional languages out there. All of them have their strong points and their foibles. Some seem wholly academic, while others are as pragmatic as the best object oriented languages out there. Choosing which languages to study is really a matter of figuring out what concepts you want to learn.
Erlang is known for an extremely elegant concurrency model. I've always been one to cringe at the mention of things like mutex locks, race conditions, and the entire motley crew of conceptual baggage that typically come along with any sort of parallel programming.
Joe Armstrong claims in "Programming Erlang" that because Erlang is designed from the ground up for concurrency, it makes life a lot easier. This, along with the promise of a small, efficient, and well thought out language implementation was enough to get me interested.
We'll start by going through the nuts and bolts of the language, and eventually ramp up to a simple concurrent program in Erlang that implements a basic chat system. Though it's far from fancy, it will show you how spinning off a few processes and getting them to communicate is almost trivial in Erlang.
It seems like screen I/O is something that often comes in the middle of functional programming texts, and though that's not necessarily a bad thing, a lot of us are used to the instant gratification of a "Hello World" program.
It's really nothing fancy, and if you run it as an Escript, it's quite simple:
#!/usr/bin/env escript
main(_) ->
io:format("Hello World\n").
From the *nix shell:
$ chmod +x hello $ ./hello Hello World $
What you're seeing there is a function definition for
main(), which gets executed by our script. The
io:format() is what does our screen output.
Of course, none of this is exciting. Let's take a look at a more functional friendly primer, which is defining factorial:
fact(0) -> 1;
fact(N) -> N * fact(N-1).
This code represents a trivial Erlang module, which gives functions a namespace to live in. From this example, you can see that Erlang allows for piece-wise function definition, which makes the syntax quite pleasing to the eye for most folks who have an interest in mathematics.
To run this code, we'll make use of the Erlang shell, compiling the module and then running some basic tests:
$ erl
Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.5.5 [source] [64-bit] [async-threads:0] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]
Eshell V5.5.5 (abort with ^G)
1> c(example).
2> example:fact(0).
3> example:fact(5).
4> example:fact(10).
5> example:fact(25).
What we've done here is actually compile our module and then run some examples, live in the shell, against the compiled code. Being able to easily build your modules from within the Erlang shell is very nice, it makes you almost forget that you're working with a compiled language.
When we call
c(example), Erlang looks for a file called example.erl in the load path, which includes the current directory. When it finds it, it populates the object code in a file called example.beam. You can then use the code freely from the shell, and even can recompile when you make changes.
In this example you can see we call
example:fact(n) and get the proper results back. Seeing how the function is invoked, it's easier to explain what the
export() line in our file means:
Here we are telling the compiler that we want the function
fact() with one argument to be callable from outside the module definition. Without this line, we would not be able to call the function from the shell, because it would be private to the module.
In Erlang, a function definition with a different number of arguments is actually an entirely separate function, which is why we need to specify the number of arguments when exporting.
For example, this function shares nothing in common but the same name as our original fact definition:
fact(A,B) -> io:format("Chuck Norris kicks ~p people in ~p places ~n",[A,B]).
If we wanted to export this and use it in the shell, we can change our export code to look like this:
You can see that both function definitions are now accessible:
1> c(example).
2> example:fact(4,5).
Chuck Norris kicks 4 people in 5 places
3> example:fact(4).
Of course, we're starting to get ahead of ourselves. Let's now take a look at some of the common language elements and control structures in Erlang, so that we can begin to do something useful with them.
Though we've looked at a couple trivial examples of Erlang code and played around with the shell a bit, we should really go over the core set of features you need to know about when working with any programming language. Erlang definitely does some things differently, so it's worth mentioning some of the surprises, too.
Once you bind a value to a variable in Erlang, it cannot be changed.
In practice, this is what that means:
When you execute this code in Erlang, what actually happens is that the
= operator compares the lefthand side to the righthand side and tries to find a pattern that matches them. It finds that the lefthand side is an unbound variable, and the righthand side is a value, so it then sets the variable's binding to that value.
You'll actually get an error message if you try something like this:
You cannot change the state of a variable once it has been set. This prevents Erlang programs from relying on mutable state. Essentially, Erlang's notion of variables is closer to that of algebra than it is something like C or Java.
One limitation this imposes is that you can't do something like this in Erlang:
Most state transformations that are done in functional languages are done by creating new values, often building them up recursively, so this issue isn't as much of a concern as it might seem at first.
In Erlang, assignment is just one of the many things that you do with
In fact, when you write something like
X = 3., it is interpreted as a pattern, and the left and right sides are analyzed. On the lefthand side, we find an unbound variable, and the right side, a value. Erlang figures out that the smart thing to do is bind that variable to the value and that is when assignment actually happens. However, when you attempt to assign a new value to X, the pattern is different. In this case, the lefthand side is recognized as a bound variable, and will throw an error unless the value is exactly the same as the one the variable is bound to.
We'll revisit this topic when we look at some other structures, but it's worth keeping in the back of your mind that when you see
= in Erlang, you shouldn't immediately assume that it means assignment.
Atoms in Erlang are somewhat similar to symbols in Ruby, and are simply named elements that you can use as labels in your code. You can use any lowercase alphanumeric characters, plus the
@ and
_ to construct an atom. The following are all examples of atoms.
1> A = foo.
2> B = foo_bar.
3> C = foo@bar.
You can do equality comparisons on atoms:
4> A =:= foo.
5> B =:= foo.
6> C =:= foo.
However, they are mostly used in conjunction with Tuples, which are sets of arbitrary objects.
For example, we may have an address tuple, made up of other tuples and some atoms and text:
1> Address = { { name, "Gregory" }, { email, "gregory.t.brown at gmail.com" } }.
We could then extract out the information from the Tuple by giving a pattern that matches it:
2> { { name, Name }, { email, Email } } = Address.
{{name,"Gregory"},{email,"gregory.t.brown at gmail.com"}}
>> Name.
3> Email.
"gregory.t.brown at gmail.com"
In this example, the atoms are just used to help make it easier to know what the structure represents, and to make the patterns clearer. Though we won't cover them in this article, you'll want to have a look at Erlang's Records if you have a bunch of data with associative attributes.
Though you'll be sure to use plenty of atoms and tuples in your code, virtually all of your code will also make use of lists, so let's take a look at some of the common operations you can do with them.
Lists are collections of objects that have a head and a tail. The head of a list is the first element of the list in sequential order, and the tail is everything that's left over.
The following are all examples of lists:
2> L2 = ["kittens",trees,"bears",1,true].
3> L3 = [[{apple,banana},{cat,dog}],{tomato,avocado}].
We can separate the head from the tail of a list by using the
| operator in a pattern:
Notice that the original list has not changed. We can use the same operator to efficiently construct a new list by appending a value to the head of an existing list:
Again, notice that the original list is not modified, we are always creating new lists.
We can also do a large number of operations that act upon the whole list, but before we get into them, we should quickly cover Funs.
Funs are functions without a name that can be passed around as values. These should come as no surprise to anyone working in languages with lambdas, but might be a little tricky for those who haven't.
Here is a trivial example:
1> F = fun(X) -> X*X end.
As you can see, we are basically creating a simple function that squares a value and assigning that function to a variable.
The real power here of course is that we can pass these anonymous functions around as if they were ordinary values, allowing us to even use them as arguments to functions.
Just to illustrate this, here is a trivial example. We will show some practical examples just around the bend when we cover list manipulations.
call_with_five(Func) -> Func(5).
This function will call any function passed to it, passing it 5 as an argument. Playing around with the shell makes it clear how this works.
1> c(example).
2> Fun1 = fun(X) -> X + 1 end.
3> Fun2 = fun(X) -> X * X end.
4> example:call_with_five(Fun1).
5> example:call_with_five(Fun2).
In a similar vein, you can also create anonymous function references to named functions:
6> example:call_with_five(fun example:fact/1).
You can actually do a lot more with Funs, but we'll stop here for now. It is worth noting that it is possible to create higher-order procedures by creating Funs which return Funs, but that's a bit out of the scope of this article.
For now, let's get back to list manipulations, where we'll use Funs to apply functions across all the elements of a list.
Erlang comes with a bunch of handy ways to iterate over a list and do something with it. We'll take a look at how to loop over each element and perform an action, how to filter a list based on a boolean function, and also how to transform a list into a new list by applying a function to it element by element. From there, we'll take a look at List Comprehensions, which provide a more concise way to do several of these operations at once.
Coming from any language with iterators, it's nice to be able to avoid manually traversing lists with indices. Erlang is no exception and makes such a task quite simple:
1> Printer = fun(E) -> io:format("E: ~p~n",[E]) end.
2> lists:foreach(Printer,[1,2,3,4,5]).
Here we simply create a Fun that prints out the elements one by one, and we pass this and the list we want to iterate over to
But what if we only wanted to print a subset of the list, such as the odd numbers only? This is where filters come in handy.
3> lists:filter(Odd,[1,2,3,4,5]).
4> lists:foreach(Printer,lists:filter(Odd,[1,2,3,4,5])).
Of course, this is somewhat inefficient because it iterates the list twice, but it gives you a general idea of how filters can be used to reduce a list based on a Boolean function.
Sometimes you'll want to transform a list based on a function that is run for each element, this is where
lists:map comes in handy.
5> lists:map(Odd,[1,2,3,4,5]).
6> lists:map(fun(X) -> X + 1000 end,[1,2,3,4,5]).
This essentially says for each element X in the list, give me the result of f(X). Many tasks will involve mapping a list of data based on a series of transformations, and this feature comes in handy for that.
We'll now take a look at a very powerful and syntactically elegant approach to the same problems, called List Comprehensions. These can help simplify your code and make it easier for you to quickly filter and transform a list.
A list comprehension allows us to simultaneously transform our data and filter it. Here are a few examples:
4> [E + 1000 || E <- L, E =/= 1, E < 3 orelse E > 4].
In each of these, you can see the general form: "f(E) for each E in L where the conditions are satisfied." The result of this is a filtered down and transformed list that doesn't require explicit creation of Funs or clever ways of constructing your code for efficient list processing.
List comprehensions are actually even smarter than what you see here, you can use a large range of predicates that help constrain your datasets. A simple example is shown here, but see the Erlang documentation for more details:
1> [E + 1 || E <- [1,"Kitten","Batman",5], is_integer(E) ].
You can actually also use the pattern for elements as a filter, as you can see here:
1> [ A || {A,B} <- [{a,b},{c,d},1,tomato,{e,f}] ].
All values that don't match the pattern are simply ignored in your list comprehension code.
Now that we've covered the basics of Erlang's elemental constructs as well as simple ways to traverse and manipulate lists, we're ready to take a look at a simple concurrent program.
Though we've taken the express lane to get here, this article has covered all of the language constructs necessary to build simple concurrent programs. In a moment, we'll take a quick look at a simple chat program, which consists of two modules, a room, and users who log in to the room where they can communicate with others. Before we dive into those details however, we should talk about the basics behind Erlang's concurrency model.
Unlike state based languages which have shared memory and other messy issues which require things like mutex locks, Erlang's relatively strict functional model makes concurrency inherently more simple.
This is combined with a very pleasant way of handling events, which are interpreted in Erlang as messages in queue. Lightweight processes communicate with each other via messages, with all of the lower-level scheduling being done under the hood.
The most simple concurrent applications in Erlang simply spawn a process which runs in parallel to the other running processes. These processes then typically will enter a
receive() loop, attempting to match patterns against messages that have been sent to the process.
A trivial example of this is a simple process which just prints out the messages it receives:
start() ->
spawn(fun() -> loop() end).
loop() ->
Any ->
io:format("~nI got the message: ~p~n",[Any]),
In this code, our
start() function spawns a process which kicks off the
loop() function. It then waits to receive any message, which it then prints out. After it has completed printing the message, it starts the loop again, allowing it to process further messages.
Let's fire up the shell, create a process, and send some messages to it:
1> c(trivial_process).
2> Pid = trivial_process:start().
3> Pid ! something.
I got the message: something
4> Pid ! [something,else].
I got the message: [something,else]
It's really this simple to spawn a process that listens for messages and responds accordingly. Of course, we're not putting any restrictions on who gets to send messages to the process or doing any error handling, but the simplicity of this code is still quite impressive.
Let's use these same basic ideas to take a look at and dissect my simple chat program, listed below:
start() ->
register(room,spawn(fun() -> loop([]) end)).
add_user(Pid, MyName) ->
room ! {Pid, add, MyName}.
loop(Chatters) ->
{From, broadcast, SenderName, Message} ->
[ Member ! { accept, SenderName, Message } || Member <- Chatters,
Member =/= From ],
{From, add, MyName } ->
lists:foreach(fun(Member) ->
Member ! { accept, "Server", MyName ++ " has joined" } end, Chatters ),
-module(user). -compile(export_all). create(MyName) -> Pid = spawn(fun() -> loop(MyName) end), room:add_user(Pid,MyName), Pid. loop(MyName) -> receive { accept, SenderName, Message } -> io:format("~n~s receives from ~s: ~s ~n", [MyName, SenderName, Message]), loop(MyName); { say, Message } -> io:format("~n~s says ~s ~n",[MyName, Message]), room ! { self(), broadcast, MyName, Message }, loop(MyName) end.
This code implements the bare minimum for functional chat application, which include a room that can accept new users and broadcast messages, and a user which can say things or accept messages from the room.
You'll notice our
start() function in room.erl introduces a new command,
register(room,spawn(fun() -> loop([]) end)).
Typically, it's best to use the process id that spawn returns for your message passing needs, because it is private and secure. However, in certain situations, you might want to register a process with a label so it is easily accessible. We have done this with room, and it allows us to send messages directly to this process using
room ! some_message without knowing its explicit process identifier.
Our room module only matches two patterns, the first of which is a message which initiates a broadcast, where each user in the current list of users (except for the sender) is sent a message asking him to accept the broadcasted text. A list comprehension is used to walk a list of Pids that point to users who have joined the room.
{From, add, MyName } pattern and associated
add_user function simply broadcast a message to all present room members that a new user has entered the room, and then restarts the loop after adding the new user to the head of the list.
This is really all it takes to get basic functionality out of our room, the only important feature that has been left out to keep the example short is disconnecting users from the room.
When we look at the
user.erl code, it is somewhat similar in nature, a simple processing loop that handles accepting and sending messages to other users via the room. You can see that when a user is created, she is autojoined to the room, which means the room must be started before any users can be created.
In use, the code you see here looks something like this:
1> room:start().
2> Jim = user:create("Jim").
3> Joe = user:create("Joe").
Jim receives from Server: Joe has joined
4> Jack = user:create("Jack").
Joe receives from Server: Jack has joined
Jim receives from Server: Jack has joined
5> Jack ! { say, "Hello" }.
Jack says Hello
Joe receives from Jack: Hello
Jim receives from Jack: Hello
6> Joe ! { say, "Hi Jack!" }.
{say,"Hi Jack!"}
Joe says Hi Jack!
Jack receives from Joe: Hi Jack!
Jim receives from Joe: Hi Jack!
7> Sarah = user:create("Sarah").
Jack receives from Server: Sarah has joined
Joe receives from Server: Sarah has joined
Jim receives from Server: Sarah has joined
You can see how the room is acting as a server, broadcasting messages to its users. You can also see how as more users are added, the code simply does the right thing. Although we're just running these from the console with the same IO streams, these could conceivably be passing messages over a network and the code would work just as well.
I consider myself someone with a middling grasp of concurrency at best, and though I'd likely be scratching my head trying to write this in many other languages, I hacked this together in about 20 minutes with only a beginner's level of experience in Erlang. This certainly says a lot for the possibilities of the language to make parallel programming very easy.
In this article, I've tried to cover as much of the essentials as possible without spending too much time on any one topic. There are some important beginner level topics I've skipped, such as Records and Guards. I've also skipped a number of the control structures such as the
case() statement, and have not exposed many of the builtin functions that come in handy when programming in Erlang. I've also left out the details about a couple other surprises that are in store for people new to Erlang.
My best suggestion is to pick up Programming Erlang by Joe Armstrong and work your way through it. That's where I got most of the ideas and working knowledge to write this article, and it has much more in depth examples than what you've seen here. You can also check out the #erlang channel on Freenode for some helpful folks to ask for help. The users there convinced me to use this chat example instead of a more trivial timer example that I originally planned, and I hope that is for the better.
As always, I've made the source available for everything you've seen in this article, as well the example that didn't make the cut (see bomb.erl and bomb2.erl).
Seasoned Erlang hackers, please feel free to speak up if there are things in this article that have room for improvement. I'm mostly still at the exploring stage, and though I think this article will be helpful to others who are in the same ballpark, some notes from the experts can never hurt.
Gregory Brown is a New Haven, CT based Rubyist who spends most of his time on free software projects in Ruby. He is the original author of Ruby Reports.
Return to ONLamp.
Copyright © 2009 O'Reilly Media, Inc.


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/43435
- Title
- E-role play for inquiry into transnational education
- Author(s)
- Vallack, Jocene; Charleson, Ian
- Abstract
- This paper was inspired by the need to evaluate and make recommendations regarding the future directions of Swinburne University's Transnational Education program This paper postulates that a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, using online role play, would produce more meaningful and productive results. The cultural awakening brought about by this process of assuming and acting out roles based on life in Australia may encourage more students to give further consideration to the possibility of completing their degrees in Australia. The authors propose to use an established and reliable approach to qualitative data analysis. Crotty's (1996) 5 step phenomenology is a suitable methodology, favoured by the authors for this particular research. Other phenomenological methodologies (Husserl (1977/1925), and Vallack (2005), are not appropriate in this case. Whereas Crotty's theoretical framework is informed by constructivism, and allows the researchers to work external to the inquiry, the latter two methodologies demand a degree of subjectivity, which is not feasible for this research.
- Publication type
- Conference paper
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Business and Enterprise
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Academic Development and Support
- Source
- ICT: Providing choices for learners and learning: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite) Conference, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 02-05 December 2007
- Publication year
- 2007
- Keyword(s)
- Cultural awareness; Online role play; Phenomenological methodologies; Swinburne University of Technology; TNE; Transnational education
- Publisher
- Centre for Educational Development, Nanyang Technological University
- 9789810595791
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2007 Jocene Vallack and Ian Charleson. The authors assign to ascilite and educational non-profit institutions a non-exclusive licence to use this document for personal use and in courses of instruction provided that the article is used in full and this copyright statement is reproduced. The authors also grant a non-exclusive licence to ascilite to publish this document on the ascilite web site and in other formats for Proceedings ascilite Singapore 2007. Any other use is prohibited without the express permission of the authors.
- Peer reviewed


text:
Dave Beck and I have had another paper accepted for this year's Evangelical Philosophical Society's annual conference. This year the conference is in Atlanta so I may try to attend it this year but if I'm unable to (contingent on funds and teaching schedule) Dave will be presenting the paper on behalf of both of us.
Date: November 18 at 9:20am
All of my [and our] previous papers have been concerning, primarily, the philosophy of science with the philosophy of religion in tow. Ethics is a new area of professional research for me but the paper will focus on both the ethics/metaethics of the argument and the logic and rationale.
Here's the abstract to our paper "The Internal Logic of the Moral Argument":
All of the theistic arguments have the following logical pattern: (1) identify a particular in need of explanation. (2) Eliminate all natural explanations. (3) Conclude to a non-natural alternative. The uniqueness of the Moral Argument, as an attempt to explain moral obligation, is that the non-natural alternative only emerges in the course of the argument and in two phases: (a) A best explanation phase in which neither natural/causal nor the human/free model works. (b) This, in turn, sets up the following dilemma: a fitting explanation must be personal (not causal) but it cannot be other persons because all persons are free and equal in relation to moral obligation. This forces the abduction to the conclusion that there must be a superperson somehow authorized to obligate persons.
The logic of the argument itself forces us to an inference to the best explanation that avoids the aforementioned dilemma: another person, but who is authorized to legislate ethics. In defending our argument we will construct a clear abductive argument, which factors in the set of all explananda. The explanans that we will infer to is a morally capable person and what is of paramount note is that this explanation does not take us fully to the Anselmian God. That is a task for further arguments and sub-arguments.


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- Camera Type Interchangeable Lens
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Full Specifications
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Climate range in which a camera can operate, as measured in Celsius degrees. 0-40 C = 32-104 F.Software
Included in Box intelli-studio 3.0, Samsung RAW Converter 4, Adobe Reader
This SAMSUNG brand product, as supplied and distributed by SAMSUNG and delivered new, in the original carton to the original consumer purchaser, is warranted by SAMSUNG against manufacturing defects in materials and workmanship for a limited warranty period of: All Warranty Info
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User Manual ver. 1.0 (ENGLISH,7.04 MB)Jan 28, 2013
User Manual ver. 1.0 (KOREAN,8.86 MB)Jan 28, 2013
User Manual ver. 1.0 (SPANISH,6.81 MB)Jan 28, 2013
Lens Upgrade File (Firmware) ver. 1.11 - All OS (MULTI LANGUAGE,0.37 MB) ?Apr 02, 2014This is the latest LENS firmware package.To maximize improved firmware performance, body firmware should be the latest version.
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Related Places
- Damai Indah Golf-PIK Course
Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) course is one of Damai Indah Golf's courses that is located along the Java Sea coastline that incorporates relaxing pools and gently winding streams as strategically positioned water hazards and bunkers, and rustic fieldstone walls made of indigenous stone. The "Spirit of the Sea" has been designed to offer enriching new perspectives within this unique 72-par, 6,048-meter golf course by skillfully integrating the natural beauty of the coastal wetlands to create playable golf rich with strategic variety.
- Padang Golf Pangkalan Jati
Carrying the motto "Challenges among natural atmosphere" Padang Golf Pangkalan Jati or Pangkalan Jati Golf Course is pleasantly situated between Depok and Jakarta. Encompassing a total area of 40 hectares with an actual natural river running through, the course is designed by Indonesia's own designer in 1976 and started operations in 1979.
- Senayan Golf Driving Range
The Senayan Golf Driving Range is located right at the heart of the prime Jakarta business district, surrounded by five star hotels and only minutes away from the Semanggi toll road exits. The spacious driving range offers busy executives, business people and enthusiastic golfers a great place to learn and improve their golfing skills during a lunch break or after a busy day in the office.