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Health care and safety in Ethiopia
|Health care and safety in [[{{#explode:Health care and safety in Ethiopia| |5}} {{#explode:Health care and safety in Ethiopia| |6}} {{#explode:Health care and safety in Ethiopia| |7}}]]
|The Peace Corps' highest priority is maintaining the good health and safety of every Volunteer and trainee. Medical programs emphasize the preventive, rather than the curative approach to disease.
Serving as a Volunteer overseas entails certain safety and security risks. Living and traveling in an unfamiliar environment, a limited understanding of the local language and culture, and the perception of being a wealthy American are some of the factors that can put a Volunteer at risk.
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See also:
The Peace Corps' highest priority is maintaining the good health and safety of every Volunteer. Peace Corps medical programs emphasize the preventive, rather than the curative, approach to disease. The Peace Corps in Ethiopia maintains a clinic with a full-time medical officer, who takes care of Volunteers' primary health care needs. Additional medical services, such as testing and basic treatment, are also available in Ethiopia at local hospitals. If you become seriously ill, you will be transported either to an American-standard medical facility in the region or to the United States.
- 1 Health Issues in Ethiopia
- 2 Helping You Stay Healthy
- 3 Maintaining Your Health
- 4 Women's Health Information
- 5 Your Peace Corps Medical Kit
- 6 Before You Leave: A Medical Checklist
- 7 Safety and Security—Our Partnership
- 8 Factors that Contribute to Volunteer Risk
- 9 Summary Strategies to Reduce Risk
- 10 Support from Staff
- 11 Crime Data for Ethiopia
- 12 Security Issues in Ethiopia
- 13 Staying Safe: Don't Be a Target for Crime
- 14 Preparing for the Unexpected: Safety Training and Volunteer Support in Ethiopia
Health Issues in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is geographically diverse. Health risks in Ethiopia include insect-borne diseases such as malaria, tick-borne typhus, and dengue fever; food- and water-borne diseases such as intestinal worms, giardiasis, amebiasis, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and E, cholera, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, polio, rabies and snake bites. There are also periodic outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis in some areas, and fatal hemorrhagic fevers are present but rare.
Helping You Stay Healthy
The Peace Corps will provide you with all the necessary inoculations, medications, and information to stay healthy. Upon your arrival in Ethiopia, you will receive a medical handbook. At the end of training, you will receive a medical kit with supplies to take care of mild illnesses and first-aid needs. The contents of the kit are listed later in this chapter.
During pre-service training, you will have access to basic medical supplies through the medical officer. However, you will be responsible for your own supply of prescription drugs and any other specific medical supplies you require, as the Peace Corps will not order these items during training. Please bring a three-month supply of any prescription drugs you use, since they may not be available here and it may take several months for shipments to arrive.
You will have physicals at midservice and at the end of your service. If you develop a serious medical problem during your service, the medical officer in Ethiopia will consult with the Office of Medical Services in Washington, D.C. If it is determined that your condition cannot be treated in Ethiopia, you may be sent out of the country for further evaluation and care.
Maintaining Your Health
As a Volunteer, you must accept considerable responsibility for your own health. Proper precautions will significantly reduce your risk of serious illness or injury. The adage "An ounce of prevention …" becomes extremely important in areas where diagnostic and treatment facilities are not up to the standards of the United States. The most important of your responsibilities in Ethiopia is to take the following preventive measures:
Many illnesses that afflict Volunteers worldwide are entirely preventable if proper food and water precautions are taken. These illnesses include food poisoning, parasitic infections, hepatitis A, dysentery, Guinea worms, tapeworms, and typhoid fever. Your medical officer will discuss specific standards for water and food preparation in Ethiopia during pre-service training.
Abstinence is the only certain choice for preventing infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. You are taking risks if you choose to be sexually active. To lessen risk, use a condom every time you have sex. Whether your partner is a host country citizen, a fellow Volunteer, or anyone else, do not assume this person is free of HIV/AIDS or other STDs. You will receive more information from the medical officer about this important issue.
Volunteers are expected to adhere to an effective means of birth control to prevent an unplanned pregnancy. Your medical officer can help you decide on the most appropriate method to suit your individual needs. Contraceptive methods are available without charge from the medical officer. It is critical to your health that you promptly report to the medical office or other designated facility for scheduled immunizations, and that you let the medical officer know immediately of significant illnesses and injuries.
Women's Health Information
Pregnancy is treated in the same manner as other Volunteer health conditions that require medical attention but also have programmatic ramifications. The Peace Corps is responsible for determining the medical risk and the availability of appropriate medical care if the Volunteer remains in-country. Given the circumstances under which Volunteers live and work in Peace Corps countries, it is rare that the Peace Corps' medical and programmatic standards for continued service during pregnancy can be met.
If feminine hygiene products are not available for you to purchase on the local market, the Peace Corps medical officer in Ethiopia will provide them. If you require a specific product, please bring a three-month supply with you.
Your Peace Corps Medical Kit
The Peace Corps medical officer will provide you with a kit that contains basic items necessary to prevent and treat illnesses that may occur during service. Kit items can be periodically restocked at the medical office.
Medical Kit Contents
Ace bandages
Adhesive tape
American Red Cross First Aid & Safety Handbook
Antacid tablets (Tums)
Antibiotic ointment (Bacitracin/Neomycin/Polymycin B)
Antiseptic antimicrobial skin cleaner (Hibiclens)
Butterfly closures
Calamine lotion
Cepacol lozenges
Dental floss
Diphenhydramine HCL 25 mg (Benadryl)
Insect repellent stick (Cutter's)
Iodine tablets (for water purification)
Lip balm (Chapstick)
Oral rehydration salts
Oral thermometer (Fahrenheit)
Pseudoephedrine HCL 30 mg (Sudafed)
Robitussin-DM lozenges (for cough)
Sterile gauze pads
Tetrahydrozaline eyedrops (Visine)
Tinactin (antifungal cream)
Before You Leave: A Medical Checklist
If there has been any change in your health—physical, mental, or dental—since you submitted your examination reports to the Peace Corps, you must immediately notify the Office of Medical Services. Failure to disclose new illnesses, injuries, allergies, or pregnancy can endanger your health and may jeopardize your eligibility to serve.
If your dental exam was done more than a year ago, or if your physical exam is more than two years old, contact the Office of Medical Services to find out whether you need to update your records. If your dentist or Peace Corps dental consultant has recommended that you undergo dental treatment or repair, you must complete that work and make sure your dentist sends requested confirmation reports or X-rays to the Office of Medical Services.
If you wish to avoid having duplicate vaccinations, contact your physician's office to obtain a copy of your immunization record and bring it to your pre-departure orientation. If you have any immunizations prior to Peace Corps service, the Peace Corps cannot reimburse you for the cost. The Peace Corps will provide all the immunizations necessary for your overseas assignment, either at your pre-departure orientation or shortly after you arrive in Ethiopia. You do not need to begin taking malaria medication prior to departure. Bring a three-month supply of any prescription or over-thecounter medication you use on a regular basis, including birth control pills. Although the Peace Corps cannot reimburse you for this three-month supply, it will order refills during your service. While awaiting shipment—which can take several months—you will be dependent on your own medication supply. The Peace Corps will not pay for herbal or nonprescribed medications, such as St. John's wort, glucosamine, selenium, or antioxidant supplements.
You are encouraged to bring copies of medical prescriptions signed by your physician. This is not a requirement, but they might come in handy if you are questioned in transit about carrying a three-month supply of prescription drugs. If you wear eyeglasses, bring two pairs with you—a pair and a spare. If a pair breaks, the Peace Corps will replace it, using the information your doctor in the United States provided on the eyeglasses form during your examination. The Peace Corps discourages you from using contact lenses during your service to reduce your risk of developing a serious infection or other eye disease. Most Peace Corps countries do not have appropriate water and sanitation to support eye care with the use of contact lenses. The Peace Corps will not supply or replace contact lenses or associated solutions unless an ophthalmologist has recommended their use for a specific medical condition and the Peace Corps' Office of Medical Services has given approval.
If you are eligible for Medicare, are over 50 years of age, or have a health condition that may restrict your future participation in health care plans, you may wish to consult an insurance specialist about unique coverage needs before your departure. The Peace Corps will provide all necessary health care from the time you leave for your pre-departure orientation until you complete your service. When you finish, you will be entitled to the post-service health care benefits described in the Peace Corps Volunteer Handbook. You may wish to consider keeping an existing health plan in effect during your service if you think age or preexisting conditions might prevent you from reenrolling in your current plan when you return home.
Safety and Security—Our Partnership
Serving as a Volunteer overseas entails certain safety and security risks. Living and traveling in an unfamiliar environment, a limited understanding of the local language and culture, and the perception of being a wealthy American are some of the factors that can put a Volunteer at risk. Property theft and burglaries are not uncommon. Incidents of physical and sexual assault do occur, although almost all Volunteers complete their two years of service without serious personal safety problems. In addition, more than 83 percent of Volunteers surveyed in the 2008 Peace Corps Volunteer Survey say they would join the Peace Corps again. The Peace Corps approaches safety and security as a partnership with you. This Welcome Book contains sections on: Living Conditions and Volunteer Lifestyle; Peace Corps Training; and Your Health Care and Safety. All of these sections include important safety and security information. The Peace Corps makes every effort to give Volunteers the tools they need to function in the safest and most secure way possible, because working to maximize the safety and security of Volunteers is our highest priority. Not only do we provide you with training and tools to prepare for the unexpected, but we teach you to identify, minimize and manage the risks you may encounter.
Factors that Contribute to Volunteer Risk
There are several factors that can heighten a Volunteer's risk, many of which are within the Volunteer's control. By far the most common crime incidents that Volunteers experience are thefts. Frequently these occur in crowded locations, such as markets or on public transportation, or are due to Volunteers leaving items unattended. More serious assaults, however, do occasionally occur. Based on information gathered from incident reports worldwide in 2007, the following factors stand out as risk characteristics for crimes against Volunteers, many of which can be avoided with appropriate actions. Assaults consist of physical and sexual assaults committed against Volunteers; property crimes include robbery, burglary, theft, and vandalism.
- Location: Most assaults (53 percent) occurred when Volunteers were in public areas (e.g., street, park, beach, public buildings). Specifically, 36 percent of assaults took place when Volunteers were away from their sites. Most property crimes occurred in the Volunteer's residence or another Volunteer's residence, followed closely by public areas. Forty-eight percent of property crimes occurred when Volunteers were away from their sites
- Time: Assaults usually took place during the evening, between 6 p.m. and 11 p.m.— though the single hour with the largest percentage of assaults was 1:00 a.m.(8 percent) Property crimes were more common in the middle of the day, from noon to 9 p.m.
- Day: Assaults and property crimes were more commonly reported on weekends (48 percent and 49 percent, respectively).
- Absence of others: Assaults and property crimes (64 percent and 53 percent, respectively) occured more frequently when the Volunteer was alone.
- Relationship to assailant: In most assaults and property crimes (64 percent and 85 percent), the Volunteer did not know or could not identify the assailant.
- Consumption of alcohol: 23 percent of all assaults and 4 percent of all property crimes involved alcohol consumption by Volunteers and/or assailants.
Risk factors can vary within countries throughout the world that are served by the Peace Corps. A Volunteer in Ethiopia may face risks specific to this country in addition to risks associated with living in a developing country.
Summary Strategies to Reduce Risk
Before and during service, your training will address these areas of concern so you can reduce the risks you face. For example, here are some strategies Volunteers employ:
Strategies to reduce the risk/impact of theft:
- Know the environment and choose safe routes/times for travel
- Avoid high-crime areas per Peace Corps guidance
- Know the vocabulary to get help in an emergency
- Carry valuables in different pockets/places
- Carry a "dummy" wallet as a decoy
Strategies to reduce the risk/impact of burglary:
- Live with a local family or on a family compound
- Put strong locks on doors and keep valuables in a lock box or trunk
- Leave irreplaceable objects at home in the U.S.
- Purchase the Peace Corps recommended personal property insurance
- Follow Peace Corps guidelines on maintaining home security
Strategies to reduce the risk/impact of assault:
- Make local friends with local people who are respected in the community
- Make sure your appearance is respectful of local customs; don't draw negative attention to yourself by wearing inappropriate clothing
- Get to know local officials, police, and neighbors
- Travel with someone trusted by your community whenever possible
- Avoid known high crime areas
- Limit alcohol consumption
Support from Staff
In March 2003, the Peace Corps created the Office of Safety and Security with its mission to "foster improved communication, coordination, oversight, and accountability of all Peace Corps' safety and security efforts." This office is led by an associate director for safety and security who reports to the Peace Corps Director and includes divisions which focus on Volunteer safety and overseas security and crime statistics and analysis.
If a trainee or Volunteer is the victim of a safety incident, Peace Corps staff is prepared to provide support. All Peace Corps posts have procedures in place to respond to incidents of crime committed against Volunteers. The first priority for all posts in the aftermath of an incident is to ensure the Volunteer is safe and receiving medical treatment as needed. After assuring the safety of the Volunteer, Peace Corps staff members provide support by reassessing the Volunteer's worksite and housing arrangements and making any adjustments, as needed. In some cases, the nature of the incident may necessitate a site or housing transfer. Peace Corps staff will also assist Volunteers with preserving their rights to pursue legal sanctions against the perpetrators of the crime. It is very important that Volunteers report incidents as
they occur, not only to protect their peer Volunteers, but also to preserve the future right to prosecute. Should Volunteers decide later in the process that they want to proceed with the prosecution of their assailant, this option may no longer exist if the evidence of the event has not been preserved at the time of the incident.
Crime Data for Ethiopia
The country-specific data chart below shows the incidence rates and the average number of incidents of the major types of safety incidents reported by Peace Corps Volunteers/ trainees in Ethiopia as compared to all other Africa region programs as a whole, from 20022004–20062008. It is presented to you in a somewhat technical manner for statistical accuracy.
To fully appreciate the collected data below, an explanation of the graph is provided as follows:
The incidence rate for each type of crime is the number of crime events relative to the Volunteer/trainee population. It is expressed on the chart as a ratio of crime to Volunteer and trainee years (or V/T years, which is a measure of 12 full months of V/T service) to allow for a statistically valid way to compare crime data across countries. An "incident" is a specific offense, per Peace Corps' classification of offenses, and may involve one or more Volunteer/trainee victims. For example, if two Volunteers are robbed at the same time and place, this is classified as one robbery incident.
The chart is separated into eight crime categories. These include vandalism (malicious defacement or damage of property); theft (taking without force or illegal entry); burglary (forcible entry of a residence); robbery (taking something by force); other physical assault (attacking without a weapon with minor injuries); other sexual assault (fondling, groping, etc.); aggravated assault (attacking with a weapon, and/or without a weapon when serious injury results); and rape (sexual intercourse without consent).
When anticipating Peace Corps Volunteer service, you should review all of the safety and security information provided to you, including the strategies to reduce risk. Throughout your training and Volunteer service, you will be expected to successfully complete all training competencies in a variety of areas, including safety and security. Once in-country, use the tools and information shared with you to remain as safe and secure as possible.
Few Peace Corps Volunteers are victims of serious crimes and, naturally, crimes that occur overseas are investigated and prosecuted by local authorities through the local courts system. If you are the victim of a crime, it is up to you if you wish to pursue prosecution. If you decide to prosecute, Peace Corps will be there to assist you. The Office of Safety and Security, through our regionally-based Peace Corps safety and security officers, will work with the security officer at the U.S. embassy and the staff at the Peace Corps office in-country to coordinate with local police and prosecutors. One of our tasks is to ensure you are fully informed of your options and understand how the local legal process works. We are here to provide support and assistance every step of the way. Peace Corps will help you ensure your rights are protected to the fullest extent possible under the laws of the country. If you are the victim of a serious crime, get to a safe location as quickly as possible and contact your Peace Corps office. It's important that you notify Peace Corps as soon as you can so we can get you the help you need.
Security Issues in Ethiopia
When it comes to your safety and security in the Peace Corps, you have to be willing to adapt your behavior and lifestyle to minimize the potential for being a target for crime. As with anywhere in the world, crime does exist in Ethiopia. You can reduce your risk by avoiding situations that make you feel uncomfortable and by taking precautions. Crime at the village or town level is less frequent than in the large cities; people know each other and generally are less likely to steal from their neighbors. Tourist attractions in large towns are favorite worksites for pickpockets. The following are safety concerns in Ethiopia of which you should be aware:
Major Ethiopian cities are growing at a rapid rate, and with increasing economic difficulties, they are becoming more dangerous. There are increases in the number of beggars, street children, and violent crimes in all the large cities of Ethiopia.
Travel is by far one of the biggest concerns for Volunteers in Ethiopia. The safest response is to avoid travel whenever possible; yet, the reality is that for work, medical, or other reasons Volunteers do travel from time to time. As part of Peace Corps/Ethiopia's overall preventive strategy to reduce road travel, the post has developed a safety and security plan that includes bringing service closer to Volunteers (e.g., conducting medical clinics at regional offices and conducting regional meetings). The post also has developed detailed safety policies regarding Volunteer travel. Regional meetings provide opportunities to review safety and security information at Volunteer sites, discuss preventive strategies, and review or revise locator maps and the emergency action plan.
Staying Safe: Don't Be a Target for Crime
You must be prepared to take on a large degree of responsibility for your own safety. Only you can make yourself less of a target, ensure that your home is secure, and develop relationships in your community that will make you an unlikely victim of crime. In coming to Ethiopia, do what you would do if you moved to a new city in the United States: Be cautious, check things out, ask questions, learn about your neighborhood, know where the more risky locations are, use common sense, and be aware. You can reduce your vulnerability to crime by integrating into your community, learning the local language, acting responsibly, and abiding by Peace Corps policies and procedures. Serving safely and effectively in Ethiopia may require that you accept some restrictions on your current lifestyle.
Volunteers tend to attract a lot of attention both in large cities and at their sites, but they are more likely to receive negative attention in highly populated centers, and away from their support network ("family," friends, and colleagues) who look out for them. While whistles and exclamations may be fairly common on the street, this behavior can be reduced if you dress conservatively, abide by local cultural norms, and do not respond to unwanted attention. In addition, keep your money out of sight by using an undergarment money pouch, the kind that hangs around your neck and stays hidden under your shirt or inside your coat. Do not keep your money in outside pockets of backpacks, in coat pockets, or in fanny packs. And always walk with a companion at night.
Peace Corps/Ethiopia has developed a comprehensive Volunteer safety and security handbook that will be issued to you when you arrive in-country.
Preparing for the Unexpected: Safety Training and Volunteer Support in Ethiopia
The Peace Corps' approach to safety is a five-pronged plan to help you stay safe during your two-year service and includes the following: information sharing, Volunteer training, site selection criteria, a detailed emergency action plan, and protocols for addressing safety and security incidents. Ethiopia's in-country safety program is outlined below.
The Peace Corps/Ethiopia office will keep you informed of any issues that may impact Volunteer safety through information sharing. Regular updates will be provided in Volunteer newsletters and in memorandums from the country director. In the event of a critical situation or emergency, you will be contacted through the emergency communication network. An important component of the capacity of Peace Corps to keep you informed is your buy-in to the partnership concept with the Peace Corps staff. It is expected that you will do your part in ensuring that Peace Corps staff members are kept apprised of your movements in-country so that they are capable of informing you.
Volunteer training will include sessions on specific safety and security issues in Ethiopia. This training will prepare you to adopt a culturally appropriate lifestyle and exercise judgment that promotes safety and reduces risk in your home, at work, and while traveling. Safety training is offered throughout service and is integrated into the language, cross-cultural aspects, health, and other components of training. You will be expected to successfully complete all training competencies in a variety of areas, including safety and security, as a condition of service.
Certain site selection criteria are used to determine safe housing for Volunteers before their arrival. The Peace Corps staff works closely with host communities and counterpart agencies to help prepare them for a Volunteer's arrival and to establish expectations of their respective roles in supporting the Volunteer. Each site is inspected before the Volunteer's arrival to ensure placement in appropriate, safe, and secure housing and worksites. Site selection is based, in part, on any relevant site history; access to medical, banking, postal, and other essential services; availability of communications, transportation, and markets; different housing options and living arrangements; and other Volunteer support needs.
You will also learn about Peace Corps/Ethiopia's detailed emergency action plan, which is implemented in the event of civil or political unrest or a natural disaster. When you arrive at your site, you will complete and submit a site locator form with your address, contact information, and a map to your house. If there is a security threat, you will gather with other Volunteers in Ethiopia at predetermined locations until the situation is resolved or the Peace Corps decides to evacuate.
Finally, in order for the Peace Corps to be fully responsive to the needs of Volunteers, it is imperative that Volunteers immediately report any security incident to the Peace Corps office. The Peace Corps has established protocols for addressing safety and security incidents in a timely and appropriate manner, and it collects and evaluates safety and security data to track trends and develop strategies to minimize risks to future Volunteers.
See also: Ethiopia


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Posted In:
Metrics & Measurements
23 October, 2007
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Please note: PUE: A Comprehensive Examination of the Metric supersedes all prior white papers and consolidates all of the new and previously published content that The Green Grid has developed related to PUE.
Editors: Christian Belady, Microsoft
Contributors: Andy Rawson, AMDJohn Pflueger, DellTahir Cader, Spraycool
The Green Grid is an association of IT professionals seeking to dramatically raise the energy efficiency of data centers through a series of short-term and long-term proposals. This is an update to the very first white paper published by the Green Grid in February 2007 called "Green Grid Metrics: Describing Data Center Power Efficiency" to refine the nomenclature and intent of that paper. In that paper, The Green Grid proposed the use of Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and its reciprocal, Data Center Efficiency (DCE) metrics, which enable data center operators to quickly estimate the energy efficiency of their data centers, compare the results against other data centers, and determine if any energy efficiency improvements need to be made. Since then, PUE has received broad adoption in the industry but DCE has had limited success due to the misconception of what data center efficiency really means. As a result, this paper reaffirms the use of PUE but redefines its reciprocal as data center infrastructure efficiency (DCiE). This refinement will avoid much of the confusion around DCE and will now be called DCiE.
Posted at 08:51 AM on May 09, 2015 by 1
Is PUE also applicable for Telecom Equipments?
Can I estimate what would be my new PUE if I upgrade my CRACS?
Posted at 12:22 AM on May 23, 2013 by roger amper
Hello DK,
Thank you for your post. We understand that the air conditioning load can be a large portion of a data center's energy use. Please see the subsequent PUE related white papers, specifically White Paper #22 (Usage and Public Reporting Guidelines for The Green Grid's Infrastructure Metrics (PUE / DCiE) for further direction where The Green Grid recommends PUE to be measured in energy. Although the metric is named Power Usage Effectiveness from the original publication, the measurement can be performed in energy or power depending on one's need. Provided the proper nomenclature is used as outlined in White Paper #22 everyone can distinguish between a PUE that measured energy or power.
Thank you,
Posted at 09:11 AM on September 20, 2012 by TGG Admin
It can be very well noted that major component in data center is Air – conditioning load which is depend upon climatic zone i.e. ambient temperature and vary season to season and also during day.
Hence considering this aspect we may adopt
Energy Utilization Effectiveness
EUE = Total facility Energy consumption / Exchange equipment Energy consumption
Considering Energy Consumption Instead of Power will take into account time factor, as Power measurement is single-point efficiency measurement.
Posted at 03:58 AM on September 19, 2012 by D K SATHE ...... firstname.lastname@example.com
So when you get down to the nub of it, it's about what temperature to operate IT equipment at. Getting the most bang and the most bang for the buck from HVAC equipment including plate and frame heat exchangers, heat recovery chillers, etc. is very old news to engineers. What's new is operationg IT equipment at 95 degrees F and above, in fact as high as 115 degrees F. IT people used to tell engineers and plant operations personnel that operation above usual ambient temperature, say 68 degrees F caused unacceptable increases in data processing errors and shorter MTBF. Design engineers had a tough time designing to those temperatures when loading per rack started creeping well up above 3 or 4 kw. As power density increased even with 55 to 60 degrees inlet temperature equipment at the bottom of the rack, air discharge temperature at the top of the rack could reach 100 F. Beyond hot aisle-cold aisle conventional HVAC installations, in-row and in-rack cooling including circulating liquid systems have become the drastic measures necessary to meet traditional target expectations. This can compromise reliablity due to failure of compartmentalization among other factors but that's the price that's often paid. Are facilities owners aware of the tradeoff or are the mesmerized by opearational cost savings? Now with IT equipment operating at much higher temperatures what's acceptable to data hardware personnel is OK for facilities design engineers too, so long as we don't have to be the ones to work in them once they're turned on.
The term efficiency used as the reciprocal of PUE is a most unfortunate perversion of the term. Engineers think in terms of efficiency of HVAC systems compared to a Carnot cycle, the most efficient system possible. Here the term refers to power expended on non IT utilization compared to power required for IT equipment. Without much more detailed information to explain it such as acceptable maximum in-rack operating temperature and detailed climatic data it is impossible to legitimately compare one data center's PUE with another. Correction factors to normalize measured PUE to a fixed reference by negating these variables would make the measurement much more useful than it is so far.
Posted at 01:33 PM on April 05, 2012 by Mark, Electrical Engineer
Posted at 09:49 AM on April 05, 2012 by Mark, Electrical Engineer
In what I have reviewed thus far, in all of the data center literature that addresses energy efficiency, the PUE level is generally not indicated. So unless the level can be determined from the text, it is not known what the level is. As such, it can only be taken as a relative measurement within the context of the reporting organization. Comparing data centers to each other becomes impossible and defeats one of the purposes of developing a standard.
Posted at 08:26 AM on December 01, 2011 by Robert Lundquist, MnTAP
Posted at 08:23 AM on December 01, 2011 by Robert Lundquist, MnTAP
You can redefine terms to play games all you like and governments and industry can fool themselves and many others but until you can repeal the laws of thermodynamics or change the methods accountants use to determine whether or not an investment makes good business sense you haven't really done anything of value. The facts remain the facts and engineers and accountants who know how things really work won't be fooled for one second when they care to take the trouble to examine bogus claims. There are no free lunches. Compromising the acceptable criteria for maintianing the data center envelope does not constitute increased energy efficiency, it just makes the operation cheaper and the data center less reliable.
Posted at 06:20 AM on November 22, 2011 by Mark
Hello Mark,
Thank you for your concerns. PUE has been widely adopted globally and continues to be valuable in the industry. PUE is one of many metrics but it is the only one consistently used by companies, industry groups, and government agencies to measure the IT to Infrastructure ratio of data center energy consumption. The Green Grid is dedicated to finding the best methods to drive the industry toward energy efficient IT and to be the global authority on resource efficient data centers and business computing ecosystems.
Thank you,
The Green Grid Administration
Posted at 09:36 AM on October 26, 2011 by kavi\admin
You can get PUEs of 1.0 IF...you build your data center out in the open in Antarctica. You'll get 100% free cooling all year round and sufficient ambient light for half a year. For the other half when it's night you can issue miner's helmets with battery operated lamps. Just pray it doesn't snow and the ice doesn't melt. Clearly PUEs are strongly related to the extent of using free cooling and the local climate. The only other significant factor is heat gainor loss at the envelope perimeter. Improvements of real efficiency in mechanical cooling systems as scientifically defined only offer thermodynamically marginal gains.
Posted at 02:29 PM on October 12, 2011 by Mark, Electrical Engineer
The solar energy would not reduce the PUE as described. The solar energy would be part of the total energy, and would be listed in the numerator. As an example if a DC procures electricity from the grid and solar energy from an on-site implementation, the total energy for the PUE numerator would be total electricity from the grid + total electricity from solar. The reason total energy includes all energy inputs is due to the intent of the PUE metric. The PUE metric is not intended to evaluate how efficiently one brings energy to the data center, the metric evaluates how efficiently the energy is used within the data center.
Posted at 12:54 PM on June 13, 2011 by Dan Azevedo
if DC has a solar panel that can provide power to the DC. will the energy generatred from the solar panel reduce the PUE number?
in other word is this formula valid?
PUE= (total energy used-solar energy generated)/(IT energy used)
Posted at 11:41 AM on June 13, 2011 by vincent email@example.com
Will the PUE of a Data Center change or affected if instead of One source of Power , we are using a redundant source of Power, like Feed A and Feed B ?
Posted at 12:13 AM on April 20, 2011 by DD
The best thing I know for converting sound (vibration) energy into electricity is piezo ceramic. It is used in the wing tips of F-16 fighters and the ski tips of K2 ModX skis to dampen vibrational energy and convert it to electricity or heat. However, even as noisy as data centers sometimes are, very little of the total energy used in a data center is lost to noise. Think of it this way, it doesn't take much electricity to generate a lot of noise with a stereo. So even thought it could be made to work, it probably wouldn't be the most effective use of the investment.
Posted at 12:15 PM on February 15, 2011 by Lance
Thank you for your question relating to cooling efficiency in the data center. The white paper refers to a metric called PUE (or DCiE). The metric is defined as:PUE = Total Facility Power / IT PowerMany data centers are coming in with PUEs around 2.04 (the latest EPA data). This means that for every 1W consumed at the IT equipment, e.g., a server, 1.04W additional power are consumed to deliver power to and cool that piece of IT equipment. It gets a little more complicated to separate the power distribution losses from the cooling system power consumption, but this example gives the general idea of what is involved. Of the additional 1.04W, most of this power will go to running the cooling system.
Posted at 11:59 AM on August 21, 2009 by Tahir Cader, HP, member of The Green Grid
Thank you for your interest in joining The Green Grid. This is an exciting time to get involved in The Green Grid and support our efforts to improve energy efficiency in data centers. Please visit the Become a Member tab to learn more on how to join. We have also sent you a follow-up email for more information. Again, thank you for your interest in engaging with The Green Grid. We look forward to working with you and are happy to answer any questions you may have about The Green Grid's initiatives and membership in the organization.
Posted at 02:09 PM on July 27, 2009 by The Green Grid Administration
Hello, I would like to know how to perform de PUE determination for a Data Center with CHP associated.Thanks
Posted at 12:22 PM on February 19, 2010 by Alvaro Santos
Thank you for your question relating to PUE values for Enterprise Data Centers. Assuming that the sites reporting these values are following the reporting and usage guidelines recommended by The Green Grid (see associated white paper on The Green Grid website), values as low as 1.2 are achieved through a number of ways:1. Free air-cooling, also implemented as air-side economization.2. Water-side economization.3. Highly efficient power distribution path, e.g., highly efficient UPSs.In general, being able to cool without the benefit of a chiller seems to have one of the largest impacts on driving PUE down. Of course, there are a number of other practices that can be implemented, including water-cooling. The latest EPA data for PUE shows an average PUE of 2.04. Unfortunately, I have not seen a breakdown of the data center Tier levels for the data reported by the EPA.
Posted at 04:04 PM on August 28, 2009 by Tahir Cader, HP, member of The Green Grid.
helloi am hamed salehii live in asiai need to know how can i join as a grid memberand how much do i email@example.com answer me as soon as possible
Posted at 08:04 AM on July 14, 2009 by hamed salehi
I was reading another site where it indicates that some of the top enterprise class data centers may have a PUE as low as 1.2. Is that a realistic number? If so, are these data centers using some new type of water cooling technology that is more energy efficicient? The EPA predicts that data center power usage may double between 2006 and 2011. That EPA report is a couple of years old. Does it still hold or are we more efficient than that now.thanks,
Posted at 03:02 PM on August 28, 2009 by Joyce Johnson
Just for my benefit, it would be interesting to see how much energy is expended to cool a data center. For instance, if the actual work from a server requires 1W of power, how many additional watts are needed to remove the heat dissipated from that particular server?thank you
Posted at 09:49 AM on August 20, 2009 by Joyce Johnson
Raising the data center drybulb set point theoretically increases the PUE in two ways. It reduces the energy used by the cooling system to meet the less stringent requiement and it increases the IT power draw by making the server fans operate at higher speed to keep the internal temperature within acceptable limits. Both improve PUE but one reduced energy consumption and the other increases it.
Posted at 03:55 PM on March 25, 2010 by Glen Goss
What are the differences between effectivity and efficiency?
Posted at 10:20 AM on February 25, 2010 by
I'd like to know the difference between mission & vision?
Posted at 10:25 AM on February 25, 2010 by
At Cambridge we are building 700,000 sq ft ( 65,000 sq M) and utilising existing technology, Elean reduces the energy footprint from 65 MG to 34MG (52%), actual utility bills by 27% guaranteed for 25 years. The project will be exempt from CRC Taxing, this further increases the energy costs. This is achieved by on site Combined Heat & Power, and all base chilled water generated by Absorption Cooling. Through this unique model the site PUE will be below 1. Energy Cost savings across the site will exceed £1.4B, over 25 years which makes no allowance for proposed CRC Levy. See eleandata.com for technical information
Posted at 01:54 AM on October 21, 2009 by ALEX J Arthur CEO BNB Developments Ltd
I would like to know if there are ways in which we can reuse the sound energy in data centers. May be use a transducer or nanotechnology to convert the sound energy into electrical energy?
Posted at 06:43 AM on September 09, 2009 by Jyothi
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Shackle VIII
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text:
Why Study Criminology at Fisher?
Fisher's new criminology major is for you if you are interested in crime and the law, or if you are considering a career in law enforcement or the criminal justice system.
Some of the topics you will study include:
- Crime and its causes
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- Origins and ongoing development of the U.S. justice system
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The criminology major addresses a broad range of issues pertaining to the social and historical origins of criminal activities, the means of policing and punishing persons engaged in criminal activities, and the laws and legal institutions directing the criminal justice system.
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text:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Vol 57 (12 Issues in 2016)
Edited by: Edmund Sonuga-Barke
Print ISSN: 0021-9630 Online ISSN: 1469-7610
Impact Factor: 6.615
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) is internationally recognised to be the leading journal covering both child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. JCPP publishes the highest quality clinically relevant research in psychology, psychiatry and related disciplines. With a large and expanding global readership, its coverage includes studies on epidemiology, diagnosis, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatments, behaviour, cognition, neuroscience, neurobiology and genetic aspects of childhood disorders. Articles published include experimental, longitudinal and intervention studies, especially those that advance our understanding of developmental psychopathology and that inform both theory and clinical practice. An important function of the Journal is to bring together empirical research, clinical studies and reviews of high quality that arise from different points of view, different theoretical perspectives and different disciplines.
Empirical Papers
Research Reviews
Practitioner Reviews
Annual Research Reviews
Book Reviews
In each Volume one issue is devoted to the Annual Research Review. This identifies current and future trends and enables readers to keep up-to-date with research both in and outside their main area of specialization.
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry is one of the journals published by Wiley on behalf of the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH - formerly the Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.) Members receive both JCPP and Child and Adolescent Mental Health as part of their membership benefits. Information on joining ACAMH can be found by visiting the Society website using the link at the top of this page.


text:
Jonah Lehrer, a contributing editor at Wired, recently posted an article that briefly touches on the phenomenon of a "manicured life" in the vast, chaotic frontier of social media (he focuses specifically Twitter, though I believe his thesis rings more true for YouTube–more later). Backed by a convincing vignette by an author at Gizmodo and a psychological study conducted at the University of California-Berkeley, Lehrer attests that social media services like Twitter present us with such a glut of information that we tend to fall into a dangerous animal-reaction lockstep: we interact with the service akin to the eighth grader who went to a new high school with one other friend, and latch on to comfort zones. We follow our friends, Shaq, and maybe Isaiah Mustafa for hip points; we utilize or exploit none of the essentially unlimited opportunities to meet new people.
Lehrer's argument is actually about creativity vs. uninspired redundance, so I lied a little bit. He wants us to follow strangers on Twitter so that we don't become hipstarr-drones and have access to perspectives on "God, Detroit and the Kardashians" that we would not normally consider.
The UC-Berkeley study is the crux of his argument: a psychologist put a bunch of people in a room and showed them a Powerpoint of solid colors, asking the subjects to identify the color presented. Later, she asked them to do free-association with the color words (e.g. "blue"-"sky," "green"-"grass"). The control group presented totally banal responses, akin to the examples I just gave. They relied on the hardwired, comfortable associations that pretty much everyone has. The experiment group, though, was pretty great: she planted a research assistant in the group and told her to intentionally misidentify one of the colors. The experiment group's association was much more complex; some subjects responded to "blue" with "Miles Davis," among other nontraditional color associations.
Lehrer interprets these findings as evidence that injecting the unknown and strange into a gray life forces us to tap into the storied human ability to adapt; this adaptation makes stretches our imaginative capabilities and makes the neuron network in our brains look like steel wool on fire. It seems like a miniscule leap of faith to apply these ideas to social media and fame; a service like YouTube allows us to envision fame in unconventional channels, changing the very definition of the word and allowing us nearly unfettered creativity.
YouTube allows users to redefine fame by sheer alteration or interjection: Bear Vasquez attained his shining viral moment by playing the role of breathless documentarian; in reality, he was simply staring at rainbows in his backyard. The child in David After Dentist (and his father) achieved fame simply through a humorous display of the effects of anesthetics. While some chase fame through traditional channels using Youtube– examples of acoustic crooners and sports phenom-prodigies abound– others sit dutifully in the digital room with no walls, looking at a Powerpoint of blues and seeing radiant shades of gold.


text:
Comprehensive DescriptionRead full entry
DescriptionRather large, up to 24 × 15 mm (DBUA 667). Overall colour is variable (black, blue, olive, orange, cream). Valves typically olive-green with reddish blotches; the wide jugal area is usually lighter (cream or beige) with dark longitudinal streaks. Visible portion of the valves is trapezoidal, little or no beak. The central area with faint longitudinal grooves; lateral areas covered with closely-spaced, small round granules in quincunx and forming radiating rows. Girdle broad and densely covered with short spicules, with 18 large tufts of spines arranged around the head and at the sutures. One specimen from the Azores had a girdle that appeared cyan blue in life. There is a distinct marginal fringe of small tapered spicules.


text:
It's no ordinary chili.
The main ingredients are pumpkin, quinoa, and ground turkey.
It was cooked in a solar-powered oven.
It won Liam Kivirist a trip to the White House.
"It's just a lot of fun," Liam said. "It's kind of putting your passion into food and then sharing it with other people."
The 11-year-old tried out the recipe three or four times before perfecting it. Kivirist then entered it in the Let's Move Lunchtime Challenge.
Young cooks ages 6 to 12 from all over the country turned in their best healthy recipes. There were 54 finalists in all, and each of their dishes was published in a cookbook.
Only one recipe from every state could be chosen, and Liam's chili beat out Wisconsin's competition.
"The whole thing of this chili is to go out into your garden, to pick all of these veggies, to come back inside, to put it all in a pot, to put this pot in your solar oven and just let it simmer and amaze," Liam said. "That's the whole point of this chili."
Liam got the invitation to a state dinner for kids when he least expected it.
"I woke up in the morning. My mom called me over, and she told me," Liam explained, "and I was just like, mind blown. It was so cool because it had just slipped out of my mind."
Liam just returned from his trip, one where he was treated to a pizza party, toured the president's garden, and got special recognition from first lady Michelle Obama for the Harvest Ninjas program he started to spread the word on childhood hunger.
"Michelle Obama kind of gave a shout-out to it," Liam said, "which is pretty cool for a program that has about 20 members."
The ingredients for the chili or any of Liam's culinary endeavors aren't hard to find. His parents, Lisa and John, run a bed and breakfast and have a big garden going in the back yard. Liam's been picking the rows of vegetables since he was very young.
"If we get kids excited about food, it's something that will stay with them their whole life and be an important part," mom Lisa said.
Lisa joined Liam on the trip to D.C. She said the kids were treated like formal guests, and she was very proud to be accompanying her son.
"We may have a long way to go in really embracing sustainability on all fronts," Lisa said, "but the fact that the White House has recognized this from a small town in Wisconsin with a population of 200 is very inspiring to us to keep going in our own personal mission and to share that."
Liam said people need to step away from the microwave and start cooking again.
"It's something that I feel is very important is to get people back into the kitchen," Liam said.
For more information here.


text:
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text:
A Certain Magical Index
Ars Magna (Golden Transmutation)
Episode 8 | TV-14
Kamijo and Stiyl quickly fall under attack after infiltrating Misawa Prep School! During the raid, Kamijo runs into the girl they hoped to rescue – but there's a chance she isn't interested in leaving the campus!
Dub Expires: 01-17-2014
Official Site: www.funimation.com/shows/a-certain-magical-indexHide Details


text:
Wordsmith Talk
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You are not logged in. [Log In] Wordsmith.org » Forums » General Topics » Weekly Themes » cumshaw variant Register User Forum List Calendar Active Topics Search FAQ
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#85586 - 11/04/02 09:26 AM cumshaw variant
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
From Internet:
"I can remember the "Submarine Races." I remember the long walk from the sub piers to the Bushnell tied up on the
far side. I was the only non-qual EM for awhile so I made the walk chasing down parts. I got pretty good at this.
(Cumshaw Artist, I think that's how you spell it.)
I was on the Atule (SS-403). One of our air conditioning units "quit" and was beyond repair. I was told that there was
another unit in the warehouse but it was for the Tirante (SS-420). (Sorry T-Spoon) It was a 125-ton unit. (huge for the
times) The warehouseman would not issue it to us.
To make this story short I "borrow" a uniform from a new Ensign, a "cherry-picker", one engineman, two other
electricians, and without any rank or name tag I walked into the warehouse and stated that we were from the Tirante
and came for our A/C unit. (I was 19 and looked 15) The warehouseman ensured that I signed all the copies of this
form and that form and many others before he would release the air conditioning unit. I told him his dedication to duty
and to the Navy would not go unnoticed. If we could have run back to the boat we would have. We all worked until
the "wee hours" and got underway for Gitmo that next day. The captain noticed that the boat was exceptionally cool
and started to ask but just turned away. Oh yea, on the way back to the Atule, I found a new movie projector just
sitting there. It kept saying "take me, take me". At 19 I hadn't heard that much, so I couldn't resist .."
Gary Walker EM2(SS)
AThere was also the useful term "liberate" as a euphemism for unlawful conversion of property.
#85587 - 11/04/02 11:37 AM Re: cumshaw variant
Registered: 10/23/02
Posts: 7
Loc: Beijing, P.R.C
Surprised to find that 'cumshaw' comes from Xianmen dialect, China:) But this dialect is one of the most difficult dialects of Chinese! Though I was born in its neighbour province, it is hard for me to learn:(
The T'ang Dynasty, China
Tomghaji, guy from the T'ang Dynasty:-)
#208584 - 12/31/12 03:16 PM Re: cumshaw variant [Re: wwh]
Registered: 12/31/12
Posts: 1
Subject: cumshaw
Definition: Handout to beggars
Not being Chinese, I've lived in China, off and on, for over 20 years. I have never seen "cumshaw" in print until your E-mail.
Very few of the Chinese I know (from all over China) ever even heard of it. It most certainly is not used in Chinese as a "tip" or a "gift".
The word probably originated in China among foreigners, especially tourists and beggars. While in China, I have come across the word numerous times. The word was always pronounced "kumashaw". And, was never used in any sense than the arabic "baksheesh". And, only in the sense of a "handout to beggars."
#208590 - 12/31/12 05:05 PM Re: cumshaw variant [Re: wwh]
old hand
Registered: 11/13/11
Posts: 1075
Loc: Lancaster, UK
Thanks you, ren, for throwing informed light on this strange word.
Welcome to the Board!_________________________
I'm immortal until proven otherwise
#208592 - 12/31/12 05:28 PM Re: cumshaw variant [Re: Rhubarb Commando]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 04/03/00
Posts: 10538
Loc: this too shall pass
"ten years after", as it were.
#208594 - 12/31/12 05:36 PM Re: cumshaw variant [Re: wwh]
old hand
Registered: 11/13/11
Posts: 1075
Loc: Lancaster, UK
It is, therefore, a considered response, perhaps?_________________________
I'm immortal until proven otherwise
#208601 - 12/31/12 08:08 PM Re: cumshaw variant [Re: wwh]
Registered: 12/16/11
Posts: 2
Loc: Dallas, TX, USA
The comments in the weekly roundup reminded me of this true story. About 12-15 years ago, a fellow I worked with, Mike, was in charge of putting together a proposal for a prospective client. The project team included Carl, a consultant from another office. As it was getting down to the wire Mike began to wonder why he hadn't received a package of material from Carl for the proposal. Carl said it had been e-mailed through the company's system. Mike said he had never received it. There followed two hours of panic, with the denouement being the discovery that the company's spam/porn filters had quarantined the document, because Carl had said in his bio that he had graduated magna cum laude.
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text:
Written by ItalktotheWind on 21.12.2006 at 12:25
The studio diary for the up-coming album is quite entertaining. I highly enjoy the bit about Lisko, the accordian player. Funny shit.
Written by GT on 19.03.2007 at 20:18
A very nice read. It really makes me wanna run down and buy this album right away


text: Lips come in many shades with some darker than others, regardless of your skin tone. My clients with darker skin tones tend to have darker lips or a dark line on the perimeter of the lip area. My client Krysten Ritter has very fair skin and raspberry red lips naturally. I also have fair skin but my lips barely have any pigment to them at all. So it's the luck of the draw, really. But if your lips are naturally pigmented, you've probably struggled with lipsticks looking different on you than they do in the tube. If that's the case, then this tutorial is for you! Grab your favorite lipstick and do a comparison of what it looks like directly on your lips versus what it looks like after these four steps. (more…)


text:
Add to Cart to see the price
Reward Points on this item:11
Availability: In Stock Usually Ships in 1-2 Business Days
Kid-e-Reg is a gentle, yet effective lower bowel tonic. It contains herbs that soothe and cleanse the lower intestinal tract, providing relief from discomfort. It is powerful enough for effectiveness and gentle enough for infants. It tastes great and is made with only the finest ingredients.
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text:
A 19-year-old high school student has been arrested after authorities said she bit her boyfriend's penis when he refused to have sex with her.
The Manatee County Sheriff's Office said Krystle Harrison made several advances toward her boyfriend of three years and he rebuffed her. According to an arrest report, she grabbed him and bit his genitals.
MUGSHOTS: Have You Seen Death Row's Female Faces?
He left the house, but the arrest report said Harrison followed him and slapped and spit in his face. The report said he declined medical treatment, which also included scratches on his chest. The victim was not identified.
The Bradenton Herald reported the couple has an infant together.
Harrison was arrested Wednesday and charged with domestic battery. She was released Friday after posting a $1,500 bond.
A telephone listing for Harrison was not available.


text:
|Thread Tools
Possessed -- City of Industry, CA -- February 24th, 2012
Possessed: (I'm pretty sure this is everything, 3 through 12 are not in order)
1. Intro/Pentagram
2. Seance
3. Tribulation
4. March To Die
5. Fallen Angel
6. Beyond The Gates
7. My Belief
8. The Eyes Of Horror
9. The Exorcist
10. Burning In Hell
11. Holy Hell
12. No Will To Live
---- Jeff's Piss Break -----
13. Intro/The Heretic
14. Confessions
15. Satan's Curse (CUT OUT!!!!)
16. Death Metal
I seem to always write long reviews when I attempt to do these so I hope you guys are up for one.
I arrived at Veterans of Foreign Wars-Post 1944 at around 7, when the doors were supposed to open. They had us stand around for 20 minutes or so before we were let inside. I was worried about my parking job, as it looked like I was blocking the path to the other side of the parking lot since there was a van right next to the back of my truck.
They let us inside and I got to check out the first local band, Morfin. Not many people were around when they were playing. They had a very old school sound, and the vocalist reminded me of Chuck Schuldiner. And they ended up playing a Death cover (Leprosy) at the end of their set. Their set was pretty good, and they looked really young.
Before Exmortus came on, they announced over the intercom that a White Chevy Silverado was about to get towed (FUCK that's me!) and I raced outside to straighten it out. The security guard stopped me because there were no ins and outs, but when I told him they were going to tow my truck he let me go. They had me park straight up in front of the van and I went back inside. Turns out that wasn't good enough because one of the security guards came inside and told me I'd have to move it again, and they had me park straight up in front of another car. I was cool about it, because after all I did a shitty job on the original park to begin with. And they were apologizing to me for having to move it twice.
Exmortus came on and were given a pretty long set time for the second band to play, 40 minutes. These guys like to shred, and shred some more. I enjoy them a lot live. I think this was my 4th time seeing them. They were as good as they were before, and I had a lot of fun during their set.
The next band was Demolition, apparently veterans of the LA death metal/grindcore scene. At this point I headed over to the bar to have a few beers. I chilled in the back for their set. I think they had two bassists. Either they had two bassists, or three guitarists and one bassist, but the guys on the far right and left both looked like they had basses. They were alright but I didn't care much for them. Their whole set seemed to blend together. During their set though, some crazy shit happened. Two guys got into it in the pit and were about to fight but were broken up. Later on in the set, a group of about 5 or 6 people jumped who I assume to be one of those guys who was involved in that initial scuffle, and started beating the shit out of him. At first I thought they were helping somebody up, but then I realized they were all throwing punches. No security guards were near the pit at the time so the damage was done before the security guards even noticed. Everyone involved left the venue I'm assuming, and there was a decent sized pool of blood in the middle of the pit that had to mopped up. And also there was blood on the Men's room door, and bloodied tissues all over the sink. Probably the craziest thing I've ever witnessed at a show.
Next up were Gravehill. This was my first time seeing this band and they seem like really cool guys, the vocalist had some amusing banter in-between songs. I chilled in the back during their set as well but enjoyed their performance from afar. They played for quite a while, had to be at least 50 minutes, but I'm not sure. By the time they finished it was already pretty late, somewhere between 11-1130.
It was finally time for Possessed to take the stage and I grabbed my spot near the front. They took forever to finally get started. They didn't start until just before 1230, so we were all waiting there for about an hour. When they finally came on though, it was worth the wait. The crowd erupted when Jeff was brought on stage, and after the intro finished they opened with Pentagram, and the craziness ensued. Somebody spilled a pitcher of beer all over my back as they were getting knocked around. The pits looked violent, and there were also some guys almost getting into fights a few times, which was pretty lame and kept me away from the pit, somebody had already gotten fucked up not too long ago. I just stayed in the front center right in front of Jeff and kept to my headbanging. Jeff sounded great, as did the rest of the band. Jeff was really digging the crowd reaction, and was interacting with the crowd and what people were saying to him in between songs. He looked like he was enjoying the show just as much as everybody in the crowd.
Near the end of the set before the encore, Jeff announced he had to take a piss and that there would be a short break. It was already about 120-130 at the time. I could see that there were four songs left on the setlist, but everyone in the pit and back either seemed to think the show was over or didn't feel like waiting, as more than half of the crowd left at this point! Only the people in front and some in the back were left after that. They came back on and played The Heretic. Then after playing Confessions, the venue turned the lights on signaling time was up, so they went right into Death Metal. They had Satan's Curse as the second-to-last song on the setlist but ran out of time and had to cut it.
Overall it was a great show, but the venue is kinda sketch. That incident with the guy getting beat up was pretty shitty, and the security were completely oblivious to it. I still had fun though, and finally got to see a legendary old school band that I had not seen before but had opportunities to.
1/9 Municipal Waste/Repulsion/Terrorizer LA/Ghoul
Nice review. Sounds pretty crazy with that guy getting beat up. I really wanted to go to this but I'm tight on money. Possessed's set looks pretty awesome, I can only imagine what it was like to hear it all.
1.23 Ash Borer / Volahn
2.2 Obliteration
2.7 Mayhem / Inquisition
1/9 Municipal Waste/Repulsion/Terrorizer LA/Ghoul
So elaborate more on the Morfin performance. I'm very good friends with the guitarist and drummer, like very very close friends. Would like to get your input.
"Bleach is healthy. It's mostly water, and we are mostly water, therefore we are bleach." - Nathan Explosion
I would've grabbed one of the demos they were giving out, but I don't like holding onto stuff during a show.
1/9 Municipal Waste/Repulsion/Terrorizer LA/Ghoul
Sick review man.
12/16-Excel/Despise You
As the others said, really interesting review! I wish we would get such great line-ups at shows here. I hope seeing Possessed sometime, maybe at a MDF in the upcoming few years...
8/6 - SubRosa
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Come join Sacramento SPCA for the 20th Annual Doggy Dash and Bark at the Park Festival on Saturday, June 8th from 8 AM to 1PM! Attendees are invited to participate in the 5K or 2K dog walk, visit with pet-friendly businesses, and watch live demonstrations by the Sacramento Police K9 Unit. Guests are also invited to enter their canine in the Pup Show, High-Flying Disc Contest, and enjoy Pug Races.
Be sure to stop by VCA Animal Hospital's booth with your canine companion to meet and greet with the local VCA staff and veterinarians who will be available for pet healthcare questions and can direct you to your local VCA Animal Hospital. Guests and their pets are invited to enjoy VCA's Photo Booth and enter for fun giveaways too!
See you on June 8th!
*For those interested, here's the link for walk registration:nhttp://sspca.convio.net/site/TR?fr_id=1090&pg=entry


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We are thrilled you are interested in Chicago Booth and invite you to learn more about the school. We offer a variety of event formats and locations across the country for you to gain admissions information, as well as talk with alumni, students, and staff about any questions you might have.
Information Sessions in Chicago. Attend a presentation by admissions staff and participate in a panel discussion with current students and alumni. Networking with current students and alumni follows the event. See schedule.
Information Sessions across North America. Join us in a city near you for a presentation by admissions staff and participate in a panel discussion with current students and alumni. Networking with current students and alumni follows the event. See schedule.
Lunch and Learns. Enjoy lunch with admissions staff members, current students, and alumni who can answer questions regarding the application process and requirements, curriculum, student life, and networking opportunities available at Chicago Booth. See schedule.
Diversity & Women's Events. Participate in one of the diversity events Booth hosts in a small group setting. These events are a valuable way to learn more about the Booth community firsthand. See schedule.
Online Events. Participate in our monthly live admissions chat. Chats are an easy way for you to learn more about Chicago Booth and ask your questions about admissions and the student experience. See schedule and transcripts from previous chats.
Visit a Class. After attending an information session or one of our receptions across the United States, you are invited to visit a Chicago Booth class and experience our culture firsthand. Schedule a class visit.
Other Booth Events. Throughout the year, Chicago Booth offers a wide variety of programming that allows you to learn about different issues and meet Booth alumni. We encourage you to join us for Chicago Conversations, industry-specific events held in cities where those industries thrive. Our Global Leadership Series events will offer you an unparalleled view of the complex environment and current trends facing business today.
For directions and parking information, see map.
© Copyright 2004-2016 The University of Chicago Booth School of Business


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Material - Country Of Origin: USA


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Yoga Teacher Training Costa Rica, Yoga Retreat Center Costa Rica
Last Updated on Sunday, 07 December 2014 23:30 Written by Administrator Tuesday, 18 January 2011 00:29
The Goddess Garden
Where the rainforest meets the Caribbean Sea
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Transformation can take place by practicing yoga, meditating and living fully in the present. The Goddess Garden provides the facilities for yoga teacher training with the best yoga instructors and yoga group retreats in Cahuita, Costa Rica.
Costa Rica is great for yoga practice since it is a non belligerent country that disposed of the army many years ago and has a consciousness geared for peace. The practice of yoga and meditation will help to bring peace in an individual and affect the country and the world. So choose to come to our yoga retreat and yoga teacher training resort to practice and learn yoga in Costa Rica, in the midst of awesome natural surroundings.
The environment at The Goddess Garden Yoga Retreat and Yoga Teacher Training Retreat Center is designed to help us remember our true nature, our essence. We have opened the doors of our Yoga Retreat Center and Yoga Teacher Training Center for people who want to feel in harmony with nature and wish to practice yoga in this lovely rainforest and beach scenario.
Come to The Goddess Garden Yoga and Nature Retreat Center and enjoy the enchanted Caribbean Sea and the Magic of the Rainforest in Costa Rica. Surprise your yoga and meditation groups by bringing them to Cahuita in Costa Rica for a yoga practice or yoga teacher training retreat with a touch of paradise and the essence of pure nature.
Many certified yoga instructors have chosen this yoga retreat destination for yoga teacher training retreats, not only because of its natural beauty, but also because its suitable installations offer the best atmosphere to practice yoga in groups.
Receive a certified yoga teacher training in Costa Rica at The Goddess Garden yoga retreat center in Costa Rica. Book a yoga retreat here.
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Photos by Mikiko Kikuyama
Much like Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty, which has for more than a century, embraced individuals in need of a second chance at life, the new $27 million Union County Juvenile Detention Center in Linden, N.J., provides male and female wards with an opportunity to change their lives for the better in an environment of direction, order, humanity and safety.
The new center is a world away from the county's existing juvenile facility, which occupied the 6th floor of a judicial-complex parking structure in Elizabeth. The facility, which was built in 1968 to accommodate 34 single-cell beds, was outmoded overcrowded, dilapidated and unsafe.
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The 72,000-square-foot secure facility provides 76 beds residential and 4 intake beds within a square-doughnut footprint that encloses a central courtyard. The design enhances characteristics of openness and space within the facility and establishes a sense of connectedness with the outside.
Seeking to optimize light, space and connectivity, the design team incorporated steel, glazed-masonry and expansive glazing into a thin building design concept. Only one room deep at any given point, all facility spaces, from housing and classroom to dining and administrative, receive natural light from at least one side.
"This is a beautiful building that provides kids in trouble with a secure, safe, comfortable and positive place to overcome their problems," says Frank Guzzo, director of human services. "It's the light; if it wasn't a correctional facility, it would make a great school."
Facility Name: Union County Juvenile Detention Center
Facility Type: Juvenile Detention Center
Construction Budget: $26.9 million
Number of Beds: 80
Area: 70,000 square feet
Start Date: January 2006
Completion Date: April 2008
Owner/Operator: Union County Improvement Authority
Owner Representative: Frank Guzzo, director of human services
Project Manager: Joseph Jingoli & Son
Architect: Ricci Greene Associates
Engineer: PMK Group
General Contractor: Chanree Construction
Courtesy of Ricci Greene Associates
The center embodies an overarching philosophy of normative justice in which offenders are not treated only as criminals. Incarceration at the center is not viewed only in terms of punishment, but as an opportunity to change behavior for the better in a way that will benefit the offender, their family and the whole community.
"Today, even within the detention facility, incarceration is secondary," Guzzo says. "It's programs, programs, programs; you've got a captive audience that will eventually return to the community."
Facility components are aligned along an 8- to 10-foot, glass-walled floor-to-ceiling common corridor that wraps around a linear floor plan to form a square footprint. The building envelope creates an interior central courtyard that delivers almost one acre of enclosed recreation space.
Normative Space
Incorporating composite security glazing throughout, the building envelope also functions as the facility's secure perimeter, negating the need for steel bars, razor wire or perimeter fencing. Integrated design elements create clear distinctions for span of control and facilitate both passive and direct supervision, while minimizing overt security components.
"The facility is dominated by glazing and the design yields beautiful lines of sight," Ricci says. "The outer skin is relatively solid and secure, while the inner skin is open and fluid."
Surveillance cameras and security-access doors throughout the facility are monitored indirectly from a master control room, with a minimal number of camera installations deployed at strategic points to monitor access and movement.
"The courtyard enclosing building envelope wraps a round on itself to form a world of its own," Ricci says. "This facility is completely separate to what these kids are used, it provides a sanctuary with order, rules and safety where they can find themselves."
|Incorporating expansive glazing, high ceilings and accent paneling, housing units are infused with light, space and color.
The roofing system incorporates prefinished steel trusses and overlayed decking and designers integrated colored wall panels in the housing units to control reverberation time. Sleeping areas are separated from bathroom facilities in a dry bed configuration.
"The facility is designed to allow wards to experience a degree of control over their environment and to have access to light and space like a normal person," Ricci says.
Entering the center's lobby, visitors are greeted by an exterior of glazed masonry units, while an overarching palette of sand and suede defines finishes, paneling and furnishings to engender a sense of calm and comfort.
The design team integrated a variety of welcoming elements, such as an open reception desk and wall murals, to further minimize the correctional nature of the center's public component.
The terrazzo-floored public foyer features floor-to-ceiling glazing designed to establish a sense of transparency and a light, open atmosphere. Glazing again predominates in the visitation room, which is filled with natural light from two sides.
"From the terrazzo to the glass walls to the color palette, we wanted the sun and the warmth of sunlight to be the primary accent that enhanced various architectural elements," Ricci says. With a southeast aspect, the public lobby is adorned with a deep canopy to shield visitors from intense sunlight during the summer months.
|Approximately 40 percent of facility space is devoted to programming and services.
The facility is over-scaled to blend with a surrounding urban landscape dominated by big-box, warehouse and light industrial properties. The design team also interspersed more human-scale elements to foster associations with the facility's people-oriented function and to establish an aspect of intimacy and community connectivity.
County officials did not pursue LEED certification for the center, but environmentally sustainable concepts were applied throughout the facility. Extensive use of daylighting, utilization of radiant heating in floors, integration of underground cisterns to control stormwater runoff — sustainable elements run the gamut from the prominent to the understated.
"The project generated a reasonable number of LEED points, but the county was not prepared to absorb the extra expense of getting over the hump for USGBC certification," Ricci says.
Classified as a brownfield redevelopment, the center is accessible from nearby communities by public transport.
|The public foyer is designed to engender a sense of calm, comfort and transparency.
The Old and The New
The county's existing juvenile detention facility, built in 1968 on the 6th floor of a parking structure, was designed to accommodate 34 beds in an outmoded single-cell configuration.
"The existing facility was 8,000 square feet, old, small and dilapidated, and the state was hammering us over the conditions and overcrowding," Guzzo says.
Consistently accommodating 70 to 80 wards, the aging facility had no separate classification capability and was not big enough to accommodate the necessary programming.
Although the county's juvenile justice system experienced problems since the 1980s, it was difficult to convince policymakers of the necessity for action and reform.
In 2003, the state set facility capacity at 34 wards following the suicide of 17-year-old youth, who hanged himself from a broken fire sprinkler. State authorities had previously declared the facility in need of major improvements.
"Things really only get done in crisis situations," Guzzo says. "We wanted to build a more modern facility that did not look correctional in nature, but that was still safe and secure, and the impetus was finally there."
|Facility spaces are aligned along a common glass-walled corridor, which encloses the facility's internal courtyard.
"When individuals get in the system as kids, they tend to stay in it as adults and that's mighty costly," Guzzo says. "It's cheaper to spend the dollars up front on prevention and diversion than to wait until they get into system."
Initially on the margins of the project, Ricci Greene Associates gradually assumed a more central role in driving the nature of the development. The firm performed a comprehensive needs assessment and worked closely with the county and juvenile justice stakeholders to establish detention bed space requirements, operational philosophy and mission, facility concepts, and site evaluation and selection.
"Ricci Greene's only business is justice and detention, and they came up with a great design," Guzzo says. "They don't look at the building as just a building, but as one of many normative components in a system."
As part of the needs assessment process, Ricci Greene conducted a review of the entire juvenile justice system, recommending several reforms and initiatives. Developed in conjunction with New Jersey juvenile justice authorities, recommendations focused on streamlining the system, improving efficiency and standardizing operations and procedures.
"We wanted to bring Union County into the 21st century, while limiting the number of beds and facility footprint," Ricci says. "We had a highly simpatico client with a people-oriented perspective who endorsed our goals for the project."
The review recommended expediting cases through the court system and hastening implementation of court actions to reduce languishing paperwork and the unnecessary detainment of offenders. The report also recommended the adoption of standardized intake and processing procedures across the system.
Electronic Security Systems: Trentech
Touchscreen Control System: Emcor
Televisitation System: Toshiba
Intercom/Communications Systems: Telecor
Detention Equipment Contractor: Norment Security Group
Security Windows/Skylights: CM Security Group
Security Cell Doors: Weyerhaeuser Detention
Security Locks: Southern Steel
Plumbing Fixtures: Willoughby
Building Management System: Seamens
Fire Suppression Sprinkler System: Viking
Roofing: Carlyle
Insulation: Dow Chemical/Owens Corning
Floor/Wall Systems: Karastan/Centria Arch System
Ceiling System: Armstrong/Wilsecure
Laundry Equipment: Milnor
Correctional Furniture: Norix
Courtesy of Ricci Greene Associates
The needs assessment also included a review of alternatives to incarceration and diversified sanctions with recommendations to expand and develop initiatives such as day reporting centers, electronic monitoring, and educational, vocational, life skills and substance abuse programming.
"The review looked at the effectiveness of programs that were in place and recommended expanding those programs that worked," Guzzo says.
System Overhaul
The county's task force also worked in conjunction with the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative, a project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation.
"The JDAI helped us overhaul the county's entire juvenile justice system," Guzzo says.
JDAI was established to reduce reliance on secure detention through alternatives to incarceration and its initiatives were implemented in more than 80 jurisdictions throughout the United States.
"You will never be able to build enough beds, so you need to achieve a balance between detention beds and community programs to handle juveniles who need detention and meet the needs of youth offenders who will benefit from alternatives, Guzzo says.
"For the most part, detention should be the last resort for kids," he says. "It's a field of dreams syndrome, where if you build it, they will come."
The initiative provides help in implementing a comprehensive series of inter-related reform strategies to improve and strengthen state and local juvenile justice systems.
At the state level, the juvenile justice commission has been implementing statewide reforms for the last five years.
"We spent a lot of time and money conducting the necessary studies to get us out of the situation we were in and we're better today in everything we do," Guzzo says.
Anger-management programs, home detention with electronic monitoring, nonsecure shelter programs, work and educational programs are all alternatives to incarceration endorsed by the family court system.
"We made the decision to build on alternatives to incarceration that were truly working and that allow kids to live under supervision in the community," Guzzo says. "It's an ongoing process and we're still developing responses, strategies and alternatives."
Right-Sized Sanctuary
Implementation of various recommendations generated during the needs assessment process allowed the county to reduce the number of committals and length of stay for wards, which yielded a significant reduction in the design capacity and number of beds required for the new juvenile detention center.
"We pursued a sustainable approach in theorizing and designing the project and in right-sizing the facility to best serve the county," Ricci says.
Preliminary projections identified a baseline capacity requirement of 90 beds, but Ricci Greene estimated that the number of beds could be reduced by about 10 and project costs by about 8 percent.
The facility features six podular housing units — two eight-bed 2,500-square-foot pods and four 4,000-square-foot pods that each contain one double-bunk and 14 single rooms.
"We were able to reduce the number of beds from 90 to 76 and eliminate one housing pod, which equates to about 8,000 square feet at $375 to $400 per square foot," Ricci says.
With a cost per bed of about $350,000 and a facility area of approximately 72,000 square-feet, the project cost came in under $28 million. Site acquisition, planning and development, and fixtures and furnishings increased costs to approximately $37 million.
"You need to be very cautious with these kinds of projects," Guzzo says. "You don't want to overbuild, but neither do you want to under build."
Forced to transfer wards from its own overcrowded facility to other counties, Union County officials plan to generate revenue and recoup some of the capital investment by housing wards for other jurisdictions.
"There isn't a facility anywhere in this region to top this one, Guzzo says. "We've gone from a facility that no one would want to claim to one that set's a new standard for how things can and should be done."
"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
— Concluding lines of Emma Lazarus' poem "The New Colossus," inscribed on a bronze plaque inside the Statue of Liberty.
"They liked that it's full of sunlight and doesn't feel like a correctional facility," Ricci says. "Most of all, they like that the center makes a statement in the skyline that is visible from a distance."
Incorporating transparent panels into the final 9 feet of its 25-foot vertical span, the gymnasium, in conjunction with the 14-foot raked-roof housing units, are transformed as darkness replaces daylight.
"As the evenings draw and daylight fades, these architectural elements glow in the distance like a beacon," Ricci says. "This is a building that announces itself as a sanctuary."


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by Anton Shilov
On Monday Sun Microsystems continued to express its interest in AMD's forthcoming x86-64 Opteron processors for servers and powerful workstations, saying that the IA64 chips will hardly ever be successful at all. At the same time, the company announced its intentions to launch another series of entry-level x86 servers based on Intel Xeon and Intel Pentium 4 processors.
According to eWeek, Sun Microsystems has no plans to support Linux or Solaris on Intel Itanium systems, but it is evaluating AMD's upcoming Opteron processors. Sun claims that its clients also do not indicate the desire to go with IA64, but are really interested in AMD Opteron processors essentially because of its 32-bit compatibility, a feature that the Itanium CPUs practically lack. Native x86 support partly erodes the necessity to get new applications for the new platform.
But while Opteron processors are still in AMD's garage in
Sun Microsystems seems to be really interested in Opteron, however, has not yet issued officially any actual plans about its utilization in future servers from the company. I am pretty sure that Sun will offer Opteron-based machines some day, but there is a question, whether Sun plans to use AMD Opteron because it is a powerful chip that can provide enough power for today's and tomorrow's applications, or because Sun simply does not want to give a chance for IA64?


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Welcome to the CRG Discussion Forum!Forum registration problems: Make sure you enter your email correctly and you check your spam box first. *Then* email KurtS2@gmail for help.
John Z,Checked out your garage article and drooled over your Z. I noticed it has wheel opening and drip rail moldings, so I'm guessing it's an X33? It doesn't look like it has the quarter trim pieces though? Or maybe I just can't tell in the pics?Jimmy V.