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4x4 Bolt Action .270 Winchester 24 Inch Fluted Barrel Marinecote Classic Synthetic Stock 4 Round Plus 3-9x40mm Riflescope
Features fluted barrel and the LBA adjustable trigger. Classic style stock, Weaver-style scope base and box magazine. Twenty-four inch fluted barrel with a one in ten twist ratio. Comes with 3-9x40mm riflescope.
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Holbert Quarry dispute resolved; mining operations limited to four acres at a time
The issue of the proposed expansion of the Holbert Quarry in Lackawaxen has been resolved by the limitation of the amount of land that can be worked at any given time. According to a press release from the Upper Delaware Council (UDC), one of the organizations that had opposed the expansion, the permit from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) will specify that only two acres of the 40 acres in question may be mined at one time, and another two-acre area may be used for supporting operations. Further, a mined parcel will be reclaimed and reseeded before operations may begin on a new parcel.
There are two existing permits for two separate five-acre parcels. The permit sought by the Holbert brothers, who mine bluestone at the quarry, was to expand to a single 40-acre parcel. But according to Laurie Ramie, executive director of the UDC, that would have run afoul of the River Management Plan. The press release said, "The Land and Water Use Guidelines prohibit major surface mining operations in the river corridor, as defined by 'any new land use operation which extracts minerals from the earth from active operations exceeding two acres in size…' and defines minor surface mining operations as 'not exceeding two acres of active face at one time, plus an area equal in size to the active face necessary for accessory use.'"
The Lackawaxen Township Supervisors granted a permit for the expansion in July 2011, and in October 2011, Wayne Holbert, one of the quarry owners, applied for a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Industrial Mineral Mine permit from the DEP.
The UDC, along with Sean McGuinness, superintendent of the National Park Service (NPS) Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River, and Delaware Riverkeeper Maya K. van Rossum, had asked DEP for a public hearing on the proposed expansion back in January.
On November 20, however, representatives from the DEP's Pottsville Mining Office met with staff from UDC and NPS and explained the conditions that would be attached to the permit, which prompted all three organizations to withdraw the requests for a hearing.
UDC chairperson Nadia Rajsz wrote in a letter to DEP on December 6, "We feel that the NPDES permit does protect the outstandingly remarkable values of the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River through regulation of surface discharge and appropriate erosion and sediment controls… The NPDES permit is viewed as an adequate compromise to accommodate the interests and goals of all parties. We will rely on the DEP to uphold its regulations throughout the duration of this mining operation and are gratified to learn that there is a more rigorous, quarterly inspection schedule associated with this permit."
The expansion had also been opposed by neighbors in the area who were concerned, among other things, about the amount of truck traffic the expanded quarry would produce.
The Holbert brothers did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sunday, April 21, 2013
More on Miranda
Sandy Levinson
First, I thank Professor Mazzone for his completely courteous reply to my critique of his earlier post. We do have a disagreement about the best interpretation of Miranda. Although he is certainly correct that the case involved the question of the exclusionary rule, it would make no sense if there weren't a preceding constitutional norm against potentially abusive police interrogation. I agree with him that Miranda is a prophyactic rule, and that it therefore prevents, through the exclusionary rule, non-abusive interrogation as well. But adoption of that prophyactic rule presumably rests on an inference that police interrogation is sufficiently likely to be abusive that it's worth the cost to "handcuff the police" more generally.
The predictions re Sibelius can hardly be said to have failed. After all, the Court did uphold the law.
It's true that the vote was closer than expected, and the grounds on which Roberts relied were different, but those features are pretty easily explained by politics rather than by precedent. Obviously the professoriat needs to give greater heed to legal realism. :)
The title of Hyman's article is
"Why Did Law Professors Misunderestimate the Lawsuits against PPACA?"
Never misunderestimate the…
Well, no. It doesn't even work as a joke. The word makes no sense.
"The professoriate" [sic] needs to give greater heed to the english language.
The legal poobahs by and large thought they were being realistic. What they lacked was not realism but the appropriate level of cynicism.
I have never understood why the mere recitation of Miranda rights causes apoplexy in right-wing politicians. A suspect who, in the absence of warnings about his right to remain silent and/or to have a lawyer present during questioning, will sing like a canary but who will clam up when warned is exceedingly rare.
Someone with enough fortitude to remain silent in the face of police interrogation is likely to do so whether warned or unwarned.
A coerced statement which is preceded by Miranda warnings is every bit as inadmissible as a coerced statement which is not preceded by Miranda warnings.
The posturing by politicians has a lot more to do with wanting to seem hairy-chested than with actual law enforcement procedures. Perhaps such a right-winger should emulate the late Doug Marlette's Kudzu DuBose character, and buy a chest wig.
Never misunderestimate the…Post a Comment
Well, no. It doesn't even work as a joke. The word makes no sense.
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John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls' Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Gerard N. Magliocca, American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment (New York University Press, 2013)
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Linda C. McClain and Joanna L. Grossman, Gender Equality: Dimensions of Women's Equal Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Mary Dudziak, War Time: An Idea, Its History, Its Consequences (Oxford University Press, 2012)
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Richard W. Garnett and Andrew Koppelman, First Amendment Stories, (Foundation Press 2011)
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1) Get your yoga (and yoga pants) on. The new Lululemon location opens inside Polaris Fashion Place in about five minutes (12 p.m. Friday, Oct. 12). Check out the deals they've got on their painstakingly-designed-for-your-comfort workout gear for opening weekend. Then scurry your spandex-clad bottom to Om-H-I-O at 10 a.m. Saturday, Oct. 13. Om-H-I-O is Lululemon's massive annual outdoor yoga class at the Oval on Ohio State's campus. The class is free. More information here.
2) Shop Reduction. The Short North's hippest retail stores converge once a year for Reduction, a huge event that allows them to get rid of extra items and shoppers to pick up some seriously smoking sales — up to 90 percent off past season items. The sale is from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 13, inside Skully's. This year's stores include Milk Bar, Rowe, Brigade, Tigertree, Substance, Ladybird and the Candle Lab.
3) Reconsider vintage photographs. That's what artist Jaime Hesper did for her new show at Image Optical in the Short North. "Moments Reconsidered" stars Hesper's oil paintings inspired by vintage, found and historical photographs. Hesper employed expressionist texture and color in her new versions of the images, leaving her paintings feeling at once familiar but new.


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Hain acquires Rudi's bakery for $61.3 million
- published_in
- Today's News
A Rudi's spokesperson on Monday afternoon declined comment, referring questions to Hain Celestial. An official for Hain Celestial could not immediately be reached.
Boulder-based Rudi's offers a variety of breads, tortillas, pizza crusts and other products under the Rudi's Organic Bakery and Rudi's Gluten-Free Bakery brands. The business was a portfolio company of New Jersey-based Charterhouse Equity Partners LLC.
The Hain Celestial press release noted that Rudi's had about $60 million in 2013 net sales.
"At Hain Celestial we look for the latest trends, and consumers are increasing their purchases of whole grains, organic and gluten-free product offerings," Hain Celestial founder, president and chief executive Irwin Simon said in the release. "As a company committed to driving product innovation, we plan to build upon Rudi's leadership position and see the opportunity to take Rudi's into other categories where the brand does not have products today.
"We have a proven ability to expand great brands and products into various channels of distribution, including the conventional, mass and club channels where we see significant opportunities for increased distribution."
Rudi's, based at 3300 Walnut St., had 180 employees as of January.
"I am thrilled for all of the employees of Rudi's that we are joining the Hain Celestial family," Rudi's president and CEO Jane Miller said in the announcement. "They are a leader in organic and natural products, and this will be the perfect home for our brand, an industry icon since 1976."
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Rescue Dog Helps Kids Save Themselves and Father from House Fire
Today I had the privilege of interviewing Firefight Dayna Hilton and her fire safety Dalmatian dog, Sparkles, on Working Like Dogs at www.petliferadio.com. It was so great to experience Firefighter Dayna's passion for working with Sparkles to educate children and their caregivers throughout the United States about fire safety.
Firefighter Dayna has created some really cool interactive web sites and (www.firefighterdayna.com and www.sparklesthefiresafetydog.com) that engage children, parents and teachers to learn about fire safety with Sparkles' guidance. I never cease to be amazed by all of the ways that animals enhance our lives. Listening to Firefighter Dayna talk about Sparkles and how they have worked to change people's perceptions and increased their knowledge about fire safety is just one more reminder.
Dayna shared with us about one family in particular whose child participated in one of her and Sparkles fire safety presentations in Oklahoma. The child listened to Dayna share fire safety messages in the program and then watched Sparkles reinforce how to crawl low under smoke.
Little did they know that the young girl that witnessed Sparkles' demonstration would have to put those newly acquired skills to use when she was awakened early one morning by the smell of smoke. Thankfully, she knew what to do and was able to help her father get out to safety. Their home was completely engulfed in flames but fortunately, because of Sparkles and Firefighter Dayna's fire safety presentation, they knew what to do and they were all saved.
I hope you get a chance to listen in to Firefighter Dayna's interview so that you can hear another story of how dogs have given of selflessly of their talents and love to once again, serve us. It always makes me smile when I think of our canine partners and the unwavering devotion and love that they so freely shower upon us every day. Thank you Firefighter Dayna and Sparkles for all the wonderful work you are doing together!


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Home List of Titles Actively engaging older adults in the development and evaluation of tablet technology
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/238320
|Download PDF (Accepted manuscript) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, 302 KB)
- Title
- Actively engaging older adults in the development and evaluation of tablet technology
- Author(s)
- Waycott, Jenny; Pedell, Sonja; Vetere, Frank; Ozanne, Elizabeth; Kulik, Lars; Gruner, Alan; Downs, John
- Abstract
- In this paper we describe a multi-faceted approach for engaging older adults in the design and evaluation of a tablet application. Our approach consisted of five key elements: 1) involving care providers in the research, 2) conducting social events, 3) supporting use of the technology through scaffolding, 4) providing multiple channels of communication between participants and researchers, and 5) progressively revealing the technology functions. We explored this approach with seven participants (aged 71-92) who used a prototype iPad application to engage in peer-to-peer communication. We found that each of the five elements contributed to successfully engaging older people in the development and evaluation process. This paper provides insights into suitable approaches for designing technologies with older users, illustrating the importance of creating a supportive environment and employing strategies that help to build participants' confidence, both in using the technology and in participating in the design and evaluation process.
- Publication type
- Conference paper
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Design
- Source
- Proceedings of 'Integration, interaction, innovation, immersion, inclusion', the Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group (OZCHI 2012), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 26-30 November 2012, pp. 643-652
- Publication year
- 2012
- Keyword(s)
- Design methods; Engagement; Older users; Social technologies; Touch tablet applications; User-centred design
- Publisher
- 9781450314381
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2012 ACM. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of OZCHI 2012, http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2414536.2414633
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


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MALVEAUX: 'Obama' as a Prefix
Julianne Malveaux | 4/17/2013, 9 p.m.
The right wing seems determined to associate President Obama with any government program that helps people on the bottom. Thus, the term Obamacare was used to attack the health care program that President Obama fashioned and worked with Congress to approve. While Obamacare is not perfect, it brings more people into the health care system, and further solidifies the safety net that many have attempted to fray.
Now these folks are running with the term "Obamaphone," which speaks to the fact that President Obama has simply extended a Lifeline plan that was authorized by Republican President Ronald Reagan when it was clear that those who were either isolated by poverty or by their rural status needed telephones to connect themselves to the world.
The Reagan program used taxes on some of us to provide telephones for the rest of us. People were able to get a telephone that offered basic service for a basic fee. With the onset of technology, Lifeline customers had the option of getting a landline phone or a cellular phone. This is not an Obama initiative. It began in 1996.
Those who get a subsidized telephone have numerous restrictions. They don't get to choose their phone, but are offered whatever is available, usually a refurbished phone. They get 250 minutes a month if they get a cell phone. The 250 minutes is about four hours a month, or an hour a week. Is this really some kind of rip off, or is it a reasonable way to bring people on the periphery to the center? What do you do with no phone when there is a medical emergency or even a job call? Absent Lifeline, you are yet again a peripheral citizen.
Obamaphone? Give me a break. Until the Tea Party began to hold sway on our national consciousness, Republicans were among those who embraced the notion that every American should have basic telephone service. Now, anything associated with government assistance is associated with President Obama, despite the fact that both Democratic and Republican presidents have attempted to assist people at the bottom, albeit with different levels of energy.
Let's not forget that it was Democratic President Bill Clinton who pushed the "welfare reform" that limited government assistance to 60 months or five years. When President Clinton, long a favorite among African Americans, proffered a 1996 reform that I described as "welfare deform," several of his African American supporters excoriated him. He weathered the storm, as did the public assistance program. Still, nobody describes it as Clintonwelfare. It was an ill- conceived and pandering policy change that allowed President Clinton to brag that he'd gotten "tough" on public assistance.
Associating President Obama with government support to the poor is a subtle way of associating people of African descent with public assistance, and with the pejorative term "welfare." This is a most understated form of racial coding, a coding that enabled former Congressman Newt Gingrich to describe President Obama as a "food stamps" president and to falsely assert that President Obama "put" more people on food stamps than any other president in history. Does Mr. Gingrich remember the Great Recession that the scion of his party, former President George W. Bush, enabled, or is he too busy purchasing jewelry for his blushing bride of a decade to pay attention to our nation's economic situation?
One in six Americans lives in poverty. More than one in four African Americans and Latinos live in poverty. One in 10 of all Whites live in poverty. The Great Recession and economic restructuring have kicked these diverse groups of poor people, many who are grateful for food assistance, to the curb. President Obama has been responsive to this group of people to the extent that a hostile Congress has allowed it.
If I were President Obama, I'd be flattered by descriptions of Obamacare and Obamaphones. I would not even mind having food stamps being described as Obamafood. Would we prefer to describe poverty as Romney starve, or sequester starve? Make it plain. Associating President Obama with health care, Lifeline telephones and healthy eating is to his credit, not his detriment.


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20 ways you're getting ripped off
Published On: Dec 06 2011 12:36:36 PM CST Updated On: Dec 08 2016 01:00:00 AM CST
You know you're paying too much for all sorts of things. But just how much?
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.


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One of the world's oldest automobile marques, General Motors' near-luxury brand remains an ambitious survivor, as one of GM's last four active consumer vehicle lines. Founded in 1903, Buick served as the platform for GM's early corporate conglomeration. As Alfred Sloan refined the GM business model around mid-century, Buick was charged with holding onto customers who were growing and aging out of the Chevrolet and Pontiac brands. It became known for sleek styling, such as the 1949 Roadmaster, and ageless cues such as "waterfall" grilles and "Ventiport" holes on the hood or front fenders. Over the last few decades, Buick also gained as a performance brand, a tack that culminated in the 1988 introduction of the Buick Reatta two-seater. But as GM homogenized brands to cut development and manufacturing costs over the last couple of decades, Buick's identity suffered the most, and its demise was speculated. Instead, GM deep-sixed Oldsmobile and recommitted to Buick. Brand management stepped up, making Buick a domestic hallmark for product quality in J.D. Power surveys. In the vanguard of GM's globalization, Buick has become the most popular automotive brand in China, and GM engineers there are helping design new Buicks for North America. In the U.S., new models including the Enclave crossover, and renewed nameplates including LaCrosse, are making Buick a winning product line again.
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text:
Expert Q & A Answers About IVF risks
Is it possible to get pregnant after having my tubes tied?
I've had my tubes tied for eight years, but now I'm with a new partner and we've both been talking about how great it would be to have a baby. Would it be possible to reverse my procedure so I could have a baby?


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Welcome to TheZone, a notch above other Jewish summer camps.
TheZone is everything a summer camp should be… and so much more. Experience TheZone for a summer and you'll see why we've got a reputation as the best of the Jewish camps. Friendship, fun and excitement are packed into everyday activities- from sports to workshops, swimming to the arts, we've got it all! And it's all on our breathtaking campgrounds in beautiful upstate New York.
TheZone's Jewish sleepaway camp comprises two exceptional programs with separate, fully-equipped campuses for the Boys and Girls Divisions. Conveniently located in close proximity in the upper Catskill region of New York, our camps run through the summer and attract staff and campers from around the world.
Don't miss the summer of a lifetime!


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Can We Get Bear Stearns in on This, Too?
In case you hadn't noticed recently, things are a little rough out there in the world. When organizations like "Cash for Gold" are advertising during the Superbowl, well, you know that it's going to hurt when we finally hit bottom. But how will this frantic fusillade of FUBAR affect the teams we really care about? And when I say "teams we really care about," I'm using the ESPN definition which means Boston, the two New York teams and occasionally Philadelphia.
Well, the news is mixed. Boston appears to be sitting pretty and Philly just wrote and directed a hit World Series so they aren't sweating it. But, considering that this is a "financial crisis" and the financial capital of our fair country is New York, one would expect the Big Apple to be hit extra hard. And one would be correct.
With both teams set to move into new stadiums this year and with the accompanying ticket price mugging, it's not a good time to be a marketer for the Yankees or Mets. Those bankers just aren't throwing the cash around like they used to. Perhaps it's because their new day jobs don't allow for such wanton displays of consumption.
But the big question is, what happens to the new stadiums themselves? I'm sure the new Yankee Stadium won't be affected but what about the Mets' new ballpark where the main sponsor is now almost half-owned by the government? If this is the future of CitiBank (NSFW):
…then what is the future of Citi's deal with the Mets? Is it this? Or should we believe this? It probably doesn't help when you've managed to catch the attention of some boisterous politicians, either. Just ask former ambassador Charles Freeman about that one.
At this point, though, no one knows what is going to happen. Maybe the Mets will do like the Astros following the Enron debacle and find a new sponsor. Welch's Grape Juice, perhaps? And maybe Citi will go ahead and decide that plowing part of their Federal stimulus money into some ego-stroking m^sturbation is just what the doctor ordered. All I know is that I'll be busy melting down my class ring and wondering how much Ed McMahon will give me for it.
8 Comments
Hey, at least Madoff's in jail for the rest of his life (unless he lives forever, which might happen)
Well, I guess Citifield has now come full circle. It was mostly paid for with taxpayer money, and now it's being sponsored with mostly taxpayer money. Hmmm, maybe they should rename it Taxpayer Field? Government Bailout Park?
Hey can I get a f***ing ticket and my name put on a seat since I faithfully pay my federal taxes?
Cash for Gold – I do believe that is the federal bailout plan… :O)
I guess I'll get all the split-concourse, bad sightline benefits of Citi Field for pretty much free next time I visit. No wait, that was before the dollar plummeted on my English pound. That's ok though, maybe they can subsidise the cost of the over-priced beer with in-state pension funds?Ashhttp://ashleymarshall.mlblogs.com
Oooh, I like Erin's name ideas. Names go a long way in this business.
Speaking of, I know the guy's a top-notch a-hole, but how charming is it that his name is Madoff? 'Cause, you know…he "made off" with billions of other people's money?
yuk yuk yuk
Welch's Grape Juice would be sweeeeet damage control! Or the Mets can stick it out, provided the bank changes slogans to "The Citi Never Sleeps, Except At The Wheel"
I like Taxpayers field – and on April 15th we can all get in for free!


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Coaches and the AJGA
Coaches Corner Home Page
coaches across the country have long enjoyed a productive
relationship with the American Junior Golf Association. The
AJGA continues to do all it can to help college coaches improve
their programs as part of the Association's mission:
the overall growth and development of young men and women
who aspire to earn college golf scholarships through competitive
junior golf.
A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, the AJGA has an annual
membership (boys and girls ages 12-18) of more than 5,000
members from 50 states and more than 25 countries. Past AJGA alumni
include Tiger Woods, Phil Mickelson, Jim Furyk, Stewart Cink, Davis Love III, Hunter Mahan, Cristie Kerr, Pat Hurst, Paula Creamer, Brittany Lincicome, Vicky Hurst and Morgan Pressel.
NOTE: The AJGA Coaches Corner is available only to college golf coaches employed by a university. Private individuals and organizations are not permitted to join the AJGA Coaches Corner.
Coaches Corner Website
Search the entire AJGA membership by name, graduation year
and state in this coaches-only database.
• Retrieve mailing address, e-mail address, parents'
names, phone numbers and graduation dates for all players.
• Access player results from AJGA and non-AJGA events.
Access detailed information, such as academic resume (GPA, class rank, ACT/SAT scores, honors), a detailed golf profile (stroke average, athletic awards, top university choices) and upcoming events.
available at ajga.org include:
Up-to-date AJGA results
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• AJGA Coaching Membership Application
Coaches Badges, complete with your school logo, for all coaches to make you readily identifiable to
juniors, their families and AJGA staff at all AJGA tournaments
Free admittance to all AJGA tournament cookouts, usually held
following the first round or coaches will receive a voucher for a free meal at the host facility
• Names of all coaches in attendance at tournaments
posted on the scoreboard
• AJGA members readily identifiable at tournaments thanks
to AJGA bag tags, complete with name and color-coded
by graduation year
All AJGA results and coaches summaries available immediately
following events for both tournaments and AJGA Golf Qualifiers
• Updated list of college signees available on ajga.org.
• Advance tournament pairings and practice round pairings
(when available) for all AJGA Invitationals
Golfweek Digital — An exact digital replica
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New! You can apply online quickly and securely at ajga.org. Click on the Coaches
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AJGA Coaching Membership Costs
Coaching Membership: $265
Women's Coaching Membership: $215
Men's & Women's Coaching Membership: $435
If you have any questions,
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please contact AJGA Player Services at (877) 373-2542 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Foundation
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15 NCAA Div. III individual championships
NAPERVILLE, ILL.—The Central College mens's and women's track and field squads made one more attempt for national qualifying marks at the North Central (Ill.) Gregory Invitational Friday evening.
The women's 4x400-meter squad of Camie Kibbee (sophomore, Mason City), Taylor Beckman (sophomore, Panora, Panorama HS), Elin Phipps (freshman, Boone), and Katie Sunderman (freshman, Pella) took eighth overall with a season's best time of three minutes, 56.99 seconds. Meanwhile, the men's foursome of Mason Zimmerman (sophomore, Urbandale), Austin Roberts (freshman, Bloomfield, Davis County HS), Ty Westphal (senior, Le Mars), and Spencer Hammack (freshman, Ottumwa) was ninth overall in 3:18.61.
Ben Schornack (senior, Urbandale) crossed the line in the 800 meters 17th with his fastest time of the year (1:54.98), while Eli Horton (sophomore Runnells, Southeast Polk HS) was fifth in the 1,500 meters (3:55.26) and Drake Hickok (freshman, Cedar Rapids, Washington HS) was seventh in the 400 hurdles (54.62).
The Division III national meet will be staged at La Crosse, Wis. May 23-25 and qualifiers will be announced Sunday. The men's and women's fields will take the top-20 and top-22 marks, respectively, along with the top 16 relays.


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He was born to Valorus William and Wilma (Canfield) Darling on July 17, 1942 in Kansas City , Kansas. He married Connie Lucy (Stapleton) on November 24, 1961 at the Good Hope Baptist Church, and later became the preacher for Good Hope Baptist Church. He was preceded in death by his father and grandson, Samuel Edward Darling.
Survivors include his wife of 52 years, Connie Lucy Darling of Three Rivers, Texas; his mother, Wilma Atwell of Greely Colorado; his daughter, Tammy (Adam) Martinez of Three Rivers, Texas; his sons, David Paul (Jeanelle) Darling, Johnny Darling; and adopted son, Toby Perez, all of Three Rivers, Texas. He loved and adored his grandchildren and great-grandchildren; granddaughters, Jami Martinez, Megan Darling, Sara Darling, Erin Darling; grandson: Aaron Martinez; great-granddaughter, Arianna Martinez; great grandsons, Steven and Abran Martinez. He was also survived by his sisters, Jeannie (Gerald) Stauch of Mansfield, Texas, and Patty (Dave) Eddy of Greely, Colorado; along with numerous nieces and nephews that will love him and miss him dearly.
Visitation was Sunday June 8, 2014 from 2-8 PM with a prayer service that same evening at 7 PM at the Haven of Rest Mission in Three Rivers, Texas. Cremation to follow. Services entrusted to Roberson Funeral Home, Three Rivers, Texas. For online condolences visit our website at robersonfuneralhomes.


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Last night's victory of the Sydney Roosters over Parramatta was one of the most scintillating and breathtaking displays of open rugby league that I have ever seen. The ball was thrown from one side to the other, as forwards and backs smashed through the Danilel Anderson coached Parramatta defence. Moreover the Roosters displayed a defensive technique that no SUper League club is likely to penetrate more than once. (One has to discount the one try by the freakish Jarred Hayne, because no SL player has the talents of Jarred Hayne).
As much as I admire some of the talented Wigan players, their forwards will struggle to break even with the Roosters pack, while they simply cannot compete with the likes of Pearce and Carney in the halves, and Shaun Kenny-Dowall and Kate Linnett in the centres, and Anthony Minichiello at full back.
Edited by ParisSurtout, 01 August 2010 - 04:54 PM.


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The assembly line in Georgetown, Kentucky yesterday produced the 25 millionth vehicle that Toyota has built on North American soil since 1986, a 2013 Toyota Avalon hybrid.
The milestone 25 millionth vehicle was a 2013 Toyota Avalon hybrid painted Classic Silver. The Toyota plant in Georgetown also builds the Camry, Venza, and Sienna. In total, Toyota has built 9.25 million vehicles at its plant in Georgetown; 5.8 million at the former NUMMI plant in Fremont, California; 3.24 million in Princeton, Indiana; 4.99 million vehicles in Cambridge, Ontario; 111,000 in Blue Springs, Mississippi; 336,000 in Baja California, Mexico; 806,000 vehicles in San Antonio, Texas; and 465,000 vehicles at the Subaru Indiana Automotive plant in Lafayette, Indiana.
"Toyota's 25 millionth vehicle signifies the tireless work of thousands of Toyota team members, hundreds of North American supplier partners, and great dealers giving their best every day," Toyota North America manufacturing executive vice president Steve St. Angelo said in a statement.
About 70 percent of all Toyota vehicles sold in the U.S. are built in North America, and the company directly employs 37,000 people on this continent. Toyota vehicles built here comprise the Avalon, Camry, Corolla, Highlander, Matrix, Rav4, Sienna, Sequoia, Tacoma, Tundra, and Venza. The Lexus RX crossover is also built in Canada.
Source: Toyota


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Travel and Camping
As a part of all trips, we seek to appreciate the region's natural areas. We spent significant time in Anza Borrego Desert State Park, the Kofa Mountains Wilderness area, and in Joshua Tree National Park. We hiked short distances on the Pacific Crest trail, both near Borrego and near Big Bear Lake. Sunset hikes in the Kofa mountains and up Ryan Mountain in Joshua Tree provided spectacular views of the desert vastness.
These views led to an appreciation of desert viewscapes, and thus a deeper appreciation of concerns related to projects such as the construction of transmission lines which must be resolved in this region.
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Selvi B. Williams, MD, MPH; Evelyn P. Whitlock, MD, MPH; Elizabeth A. Edgerton, MD, MPH; Paula R. Smith, RN, BSN; Tracy L. Beil, MS
Disclaimer: The authors of this article are responsible for its contents, including any clinical or treatment recommendations. No statement in this article should be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the reviewers of the full evidence report (Flaura Winston, MD, MPH; Randy Elder, MEd; and David Grossman, MD, MPH); the guidance from the USPSTF liaisons; and Janelle Guirguis-Blake, MD, MPH, for their contributions to this project. The authors also acknowledge Elizabeth O'Connor, PhD, and Jeffrey Fellows, PhD, for their scientific contributions throughout the course of conducting the evidence review and thank Daphne Plaut, MLS, Taryn Cardenas, BS, and Kevin Lutz, MFA, for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest: None disclosed.
Requests for Single Reprints: Reprints are available from the USPSTF Web site (http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov).
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Williams and Whitlock, Ms. Smith, and Ms. Beil: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227.
Dr. Edgerton: Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010.
Williams SB, Whitlock EP, Edgerton EA, Smith PR, Beil TL. Counseling about Proper Use of Motor Vehicle Occupant Restraints and Avoidance of Alcohol Use while Driving: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:194-206. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00009
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© 2016
Published: Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(3):194-206.
Motor vehicle–related injuries are the leading cause of death among children, adolescents, and young adults.
To systematically review evidence of the effectiveness of counseling people of any age in primary care settings about occupant restraints or alcohol-related driving to prevent injuries.
MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Traffic Research Information Service; published systematic evidence reviews; experts; and bibliographies of selected trials.
Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs); controlled clinical trials (CCTs); or comparative observational research studies that evaluated behavioral counseling interventions feasible to conduct in primary care or referral from primary care.
Investigators abstracted data on study design, setting, patients, interventions, outcomes, and quality-related study details.
Trials report that counseling to increase the use of child safety seats leads to increased short-term restraint use (7 CCTs, 6 RCTs). Interventions that included a demonstration of correct use or distribution of a free or reduced-cost child safety seat reported larger effects. Few trials described the effect of counseling children 4 to 8 years of age to use booster seats (1 RCT); counseling older children, adolescents, or adults to use seat belts (1 CCT, 2 RCTs); or counseling unselected primary care patients to reduce alcohol-related driving behaviors (no trials).
Most of the relevant trials were published before the widespread enactment of child safety seat legislation and had methodological flaws.
The incremental effect of primary care counseling to increase the correct use of child safety seats in the current regulatory environment is not established. The effectiveness of primary care counseling to reduce alcohol-related driving has not been tested. Studies are needed.
Motor vehicle–related injuries are the leading cause of death among individuals between 3 and 33 years of age in the United States (1) and are a large source of morbidity for the nearly 3 million people who sustain nonfatal injuries annually (2). Increasing the correct use of occupant restraint devices and decreasing alcohol-related driving (that is, driving while under the influence of alcohol or riding with drivers who are under the influence of alcohol) are among the most important strategies to effectively reduce motor vehicle–related fatalities (3–8). Overall, occupant restraint use has been increasing and is considered a public health success (9). All 50 states currently have laws requiring child safety seats for infants and children, and 49 states and the District of Columbia have adult seat belt laws (10). Although belt-positioning booster seats reduce the risk for injury by nearly 60% for children 4 to 7 years of age (11) compared with seat belts, 22 states do not have any laws pertaining to booster seats. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have laws that make it illegal to drive with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 g/dL or higher (9), and rates of alcohol involvement among fatal crashes have decreased during the past 2 decades (12).
Despite widespread regulation and overall increases in safer motor vehicle–related behaviors, recent crash data show that more than 50% of fatalities were among unrestrained occupants and nearly 40% involved alcohol (2). Primary care providers and their staff have many opportunities to intervene with patients about these health behaviors already known to reduce the risk for motor vehicle occupant injuries (MVOIs). Children and adolescents younger than 15 years of age average more than 2 visits per year to office-based physicians, and older adolescents and adults average 2 to 8 visits per year (13). Additional public health strategies, such as closing gaps in current laws (14) and implementing evidence- and population-based approaches (8, 15, 16), will be important to make further improvements in motor vehicle safety behaviors. These strategies could include components delivered by primary health care providers or their staff.
Our objective was to systematically assess the evidence on the effectiveness of primary care counseling among people of all ages to increase the correct use of age- and weight-appropriate occupant restraint devices and reduce alcohol-related driving. The Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) conducted the review to assist the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in updating its 1996 recommendation (17). The full evidence report is available at http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov. This article summarizes the review's findings.
In conjunction with members of USPSTF, we developed an analytic framework (Appendix Figure 1) and 4 key questions to guide our evidence review.
Key question 1: Do primary care behavioral counseling interventions for children, adolescents, and adults to increase the correct use of age- and weight-appropriate restraints or reduce driving/riding with drivers under the influence of alcohol reduce morbidity and/or mortality from motor vehicle occupant injuries?
Key question 2: Do primary care behavioral counseling interventions for children, adolescents, and adults lead to increased correct use of age- and weight-appropriate restraints?
Key question 3: Do primary care behavioral counseling interventions for children, adolescents, and adults reduce driving/riding with drivers under the influence of alcohol?
Key question 4: What are the adverse effects of counseling children, adolescents, and adults to correctly use age- and weight-appropriate restraints and reduce driving/riding with drivers under the influence of alcohol?
Key question 1 addressed the direct effect of counseling interventions on actual health risk reductions, whereas key questions 2 and 3 addressed effects on intermediate behavioral outcomes known to lead to health risk reduction. This report did not examine the evidence for the efficacy of health risk reduction for the targeted MVOI-related safety behaviors, because the USPSTF found strong evidence for those relationships in 1996 (17). Correct use is defined by age, weight, and location as recommended by traffic safety organizations (18). Appendix Table 1 describes recommended occupant restraint devices for children younger than 9 years of age. Children younger than 13 years of age should ride in the rear of the vehicle. Safety belts with straps across both the lap and shoulder are recommended for children who have outgrown booster seats, as well as for adolescents and adults.
We considered all studies that were included in the 1996 USPSTF recommendation, and we conducted 5 additional literature searches that were limited to English-language studies. For the key questions pertaining to occupant restraint use (1 and 2), we searched for relevant studies in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Traffic Research Information Service (TRIS) published from 1992 to July 2005. We also searched the bibliographies of 4 systematic evidence reviews that addressed the effectiveness of counseling for occupant restraints in pediatric populations (16, 19–21). For the key questions addressing counseling about driving while under the influence of alcohol (1 and 3), we considered trials that were included in 3 recent systematic evidence reviews (22–24) and searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and TRIS for studies published from 2002 to September 2005 to update the searches conducted for those reports.
In 1996, the USPSTF recommendation did not specifically address the effectiveness of counseling patients about riding with someone who was under the influence of alcohol (key question 3) or the harms of counseling (key question 4). To cover these 2 areas, we searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and TRIS for studies published from 1966 to July 2005 and MEDLINE and TRIS for studies published from 1966 to September 2005, respectively. Although no key questions were related to cost, we searched the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database for data published from the database's inception through July 2005. Literature searches are described in detail in Appendix Table 2 and were supplemented with outside source material from experts in the field.
Two authors reviewed each abstract for potential inclusion by using the inclusion and exclusion criteria described in Appendix Table 3. We conducted 5 searches to cover the separate focus of each key question, and we reviewed all abstracts for potential inclusion for any of the key questions. For all key questions, we included English-language reports of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) or nonrandomized, controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and comparative observational studies that included patients of any age and were conducted in the United States or other similarly developed countries. Any intervention that included behavioral counseling as 1 of its components was considered. Studies were required to report 1 of the behavioral or health outcomes specified in our key questions and analytic framework or cost-effectiveness outcomes. We excluded studies rated as having poor quality on the basis of the criteria described in the following section.
To be within the scope of the USPSTF, interventions needed to be feasible for, or conducted in, a primary care setting or be available for primary care referral. Criteria for deciding whether the intervention was feasible for a primary care setting were developed previously by members of the Oregon EPC and the USPSTF. These criteria included 4 domains: 1) how the participant was identified, 2) who delivered the intervention, 3) how the intervention was delivered, and 4) where the intervention was delivered. Appendix Table 4 contains a more detailed description of these domains. For an intervention to be feasible for primary care referral, we required that it be conducted in a health care setting or be widely available in the community at a national level (such as a car seat–fitting station within a hospital). We excluded studies that enrolled selected populations (for example, injured or intoxicated patients recruited from an emergency department) that were not representative of patients normally seen in primary care.
Our review did not include programs that counseled risky or harmful alcohol users to reduce alcohol consumption, which was reviewed previously for the USPSTF (22). Rather, we required that alcohol-related counseling interventions target general primary care patient populations of any age and specifically advise patients to reduce drinking and driving (not just reduce overall use of alcohol).
Using the USPSTF's study design–specific criteria (25, 26), 2 authors rated the quality of all included studies and those excluded because of quality issues. For randomized, controlled trials, criteria included 1) the initial assembly of comparable groups (based on adequate randomization, including first concealment and whether potential confounders were distributed equally among groups); 2) maintenance of comparable groups (including attrition, crossover, adherence, and contamination); 3) important differential loss to follow-up or overall high loss to follow-up; 4) equal, reliable, and valid measurements (includes masking of outcome assessment); 5) clear definition of interventions; 6) all important outcomes considered; and 7) an intention-to-treat analysis. For nonrandomized, controlled trials or cohort studies, the initial assembly of comparable groups was judged on the basis of consideration of potential confounders, with either restriction or measurement for adjustment. In the analyses of results of nonrandomized studies, adjustment for confounders was a quality criterion. The USPSTF Methods Work Group has defined a 3-category rating of "good," "fair," and "poor" on the basis of these criteria. In general, a good-quality study meets all criteria well. A fair-quality study does not meet, or is not clear that it meets, at least 1 criterion but has no known important limitation that could invalidate its results. A poor-quality study has important limitations. The specifications are not meant to be rigid rules. Rather, they are intended to be general guidelines. Individual exceptions, when explicitly explained and justified, can be made. Appendix Table 5 describes the USPSTF quality criteria in detail.
For all included studies, 1 primary reviewer abstracted relevant information into standardized evidence tables and a second author checked the abstracted data. If the investigators disagreed on study content or quality, a third investigator reviewed the study and the final quality rating was based on agreement between 2 of the 3 reviewers. Studies receiving a final quality rating of "poor" (n = 23) were excluded. Major quality problems in studies rated as poor included noncomparable groups at baseline, attrition greater than 40%, and nonblinded outcome assessment by the interventionists or nonstandardized outcome assessment. Because many trials had several methodological problems but were not clearly biased, we rated some included studies as "fair to poor quality." In general, fair-quality studies reported or matched on some important baseline characteristics, measured outcomes by observation, specified correct use, and had lower attrition. Fair- to poor-quality studies often did not report baseline characteristics, used self-reported outcomes, did not specify correct use, and had higher attrition rates.
We could not conduct quantitative synthesis for any key question because of heterogeneity of intervention methods, populations addressed, and settings. Instead, we qualitatively synthesized our results within categories, focusing first on the age of the population for which MVOI safety behaviors were addressed and second on the setting in which the population was identified and in which the intervention was delivered. Detailed qualitative summaries are reported in the full evidence report and are summarized in this review. For interventions targeting child safety seat use, results were also stratified by whether the program included a demonstration of correct child safety seat use or increased access through a free or discounted distribution program. We calculated absolute differences with 95% CIs for use of restraints between the intervention group and the control group, when sufficient data were reported, by using the RISKDIFF option of the FREQ procedure in SAS, version 8.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). This procedure uses a normal approximation to the binomial distribution to construct asymptotic CIs.
This research was funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) under a contract to support the work of the USPSTF. Members of the USPSTF participated in the initial design and reviewed interim results and the final evidence review. The AHRQ had no role in study selection, quality assessment, or synthesis, although AHRQ staff reviewed interim and final evidence reports and distributed the initial evidence report for external review of content by outside experts, including representatives of professional societies and federal agencies. The final published systematic evidence review on which this paper is based was revised on the basis of comments from these external reviewers.
We reviewed 1289 abstracts and 155 complete articles for all key questions (Appendix Figure 2). Seventeen studies (9 RCTs [27–35] and 8 CCTs [36–43]) reported in 17 articles met our inclusion criteria (Tables 1 and 2): 7 from the 1996 USPSTF review, 6 from other systematic reviews or outside sources, and 4 from searches that were conducted for this review. No study that met our inclusion criteria was related to counseling about alcohol-related driving (key question 3) or the harms of counseling (key question 4). Appendix Tables 6 to 13 contain detailed evidence on all included studies. Narrative descriptions of individual included studies and a list of excluded articles describing reasons for exclusion are available in the full evidence report (22). Table 3 summarizes the overall quality of evidence according to USPSTF criteria (20) for each key question.
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Do primary care behavioral counseling interventions for children, adolescents, and adults to increase the correct use of age- and weight-appropriate restraints and reduce driving/riding with drivers under the influence of alcohol reduce morbidity and/or mortality from motor vehicle occupant injuries?
One large, fair-quality, group-level CCT (n = 286 676) reported the direct effects of behavioral counseling on the incidence of MVOIs among children from birth to 5 years of age (36) (Table 1). In the trial, interventions targeting child safety seat use included behavioral counseling components that were delivered in inpatient and primary care settings. These components were tested in the context of multiple, community-wide approaches to reducing MVOIs and other injuries. Investigators measured MVOIs through a hospital surveillance system during the year before the study and for the 2 years during which the injury prevention programs were conducted. During the 2 years of the programs, MVOI rates in the intervention communities decreased, whereas those in the control communities increased. The odds ratio of risk for MVOI during the preintervention period, compared with the intervention period, in the intervention communities was 2.78 times (95% CI, 1.66 to 4.66 times) as large as that for the control communities, after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Given the trial's nature, however, the effect of the clinical counseling components on MVOI reduction cannot be separately determined from community-based approaches. In addition, this trial was conducted in the early 1980s, when the Massachusetts state legislature was debating a child automobile restraint bill and the baseline use of child restraints was 49%, which is much lower than the current prevalence of use. The effects of clinical counseling about child safety seat use on MVOI in the current, widely regulated environment remain untested. Similarly, we found no study that reported health outcomes of counseling interventions targeting the use of booster seats or safety belts for older children, adolescents, or adults or of interventions targeting alcohol-related driving for any age group.
Do primary care behavioral counseling interventions for children, adolescents, and adults lead to increased correct use of age- and weight-appropriate restraints?
All 17 included trials reported on the use or correct use of age- and weight-appropriate restraints. Most of these were published during the late 1970s or 1980s, before the widespread enactment of child safety seat or safety belt legislation. Overall, the trials addressed patient populations of all ages, with the most extensive literature involving infants and toddlers up to 4 years of age (6 RCTs [27–32] and 7 CCTs [36–42]) (Table 1). One RCT (33) focused on booster seat use among children 4 to 7 years of age, and 3 trials targeted safety belt use among older children, adolescents, or adults (1 CCT [43] and 2 RCTs [34, 35]) (Table 2). Across all trials, the tested behavioral counseling interventions comprised a wide range of educational approaches, including counseling by clinicians, written materials, films on automotive safety, live demonstrations of child safety seat use, and group-level informational sessions. Five trials included both educational components and the distribution of a free or reduced-cost child safety seat (29, 31, 39, 40) or booster seat (33). One trial included education plus behavioral reinforcement components (28). Interventions were conducted in primary care outpatient clinics and inpatient maternity wards (where clinicians encounter mothers of newborn infants) or met the criteria for being feasible for delivering in primary care or for referral for primary care. Table 1 describes trials among infants and children up to 4 years of age and stratifies the studies by setting and time of delivery (antepartum period vs. during well-child care). Interventions also varied in other characteristics, such as who delivered the counseling or the intensity of the counseling. All trials had methodological flaws (7 fair-quality and 10 fair- to poor–quality trials), and none were of good quality according to the USPSTF criteria. Because trial characteristics were highly heterogeneous and study quality was limited, we did not quantitatively combine results across any of the trials.
Results varied widely among the trials targeting increased use of child safety seats among infants and toddlers up to 4 years of age. The largest absolute differences in use between intervention and control groups (47% to 72%) were reported in 3 of 4 trials that assessed interventions of combined education with distribution of a child safety seat (2 RCTs [29, 31] and 1 group-level CCT [39]). In these trials, the interventions were delivered either during the end of pregnancy or during the peripartum hospitalization to newly postpartum women. These large differences in use or correct use were measured at the initial follow-up either immediately after hospital discharge (29, 31) or 9 months after the intervention (39). The effects were diminished at subsequent follow-up measurements (1% to 43%). Several methodological limitations may have led to an overestimate of effect size among these trials. The 2 RCTs included very small samples (n = 14 and 30), and the third trial measured outcomes by self-report, did not specify correct use, and excluded 13% of infants eligible for the intervention group because their caregivers did not accept the car seat loan. In contrast to these findings, a fourth trial that also assessed an intervention of education plus child safety seat distribution reported a small difference in correct use of child safety seats between the intervention and control groups (absolute difference, 5% to 7%) (40).
Of the remaining trials targeting children up to 4 years of age, 4 trials (3 fair-quality [36, 37] or fair- to poor-quality [38] CCTs and 1 fair- to poor-quality RCT [27]) evaluated counseling by pediatricians during well-child care. Two trials measured follow-up at 2 months and reported an increase in restraint use, ranging from an absolute difference between the intervention and control group of 13% to 21% (37, 38). Trials that reported initial or repeated follow-up later than 2 months reported that use was similar between the intervention and control groups (absolute difference, 2% to 6%) (27, 36, 37). The remaining trials targeting child safety seat use varied in setting, when the intervention was delivered, and results, and each had multiple methodological flaws (all were rated fair to poor quality) (28, 30, 32, 42). Among the trials targeting increased use of infant or child safety seats, a demonstration of correct child safety seat use was an intervention component of trials reporting larger increases in use or correct child safety seat use. More specifically, among the 8 trials that included a demonstration of correct child safety seat use (28, 29, 31, 37, 39–42), 6 reported increases in child safety seat use (absolute differences, 17.8% to 72%) (28, 29, 31, 37, 39, 42). Five trials did not include a demonstration of correct use as part of the intervention (27, 30, 32, 36, 38), and only 1 of these (a fair- to poor-quality CCT [38]) reported an increase in use.
Investigators of 1 fair- to poor-quality RCT evaluated an intervention to increase the use of booster seats among primarily low-income, African-American children 4 to 7 years of age (33). The intervention consisted of brief (5-minute) educational counseling by a certified car seat technician in an emergency department setting, delivered either with or without a free booster seat, and was compared with a usual care control group. On the basis of self-reported data at 1 month after the intervention was delivered, 98% of families in the education plus distribution group reported using a booster seat, compared with 5.5% of families in the other 2 groups (control or education only) combined (P < 0.001). The trial had several methodological problems that could have introduced bias, including high overall attrition (35%), differential attrition across treatment groups (40%, 39%, and 25%), self-reported outcomes, and analysis of only the completers. In addition, families who reported using a booster seat when presenting to the emergency department were not eligible for inclusion. Therefore, the magnitude of benefit from the education plus distribution programs in a general primary care population cannot be directly determined from these findings.
Investigators of 3 trials evaluated safety belt use among children, adolescents, or adults. Of these, 1 fair-quality CCT reported short-term improvement in observed seat belt use in the intervention group compared with the control group immediately after the intervention (38% vs. 5%; P < 0.001), but investigators analyzed only children and adolescents who were not wearing seat belts when arriving to the visit (43). Investigators of the remaining 2 trials measured seat belt use at 6 to 36 months of follow-up and reported that use was similar between intervention and control groups at these times (34, 35). Among these trials, the most intensive seat belt intervention was tested in the Dartmouth Prevention Project (34), a large, fair-quality, cluster-randomized RCT evaluating an office-based structured prevention intervention delivered to 3145 fifth- and sixth-grade children. Counseling by a pediatrician or nurse practitioner during well-child care visits was supplemented by a contract for a family policy, reinforcement of the message at subsequent office visits over 36 months, written materials mailed to the home, and telephone calls alternately targeting the parent and child. No statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of children who reported always wearing seat belts during the previous month at the 12-, 24-, or 36-month follow-up (odds ratios, 0.87, 0.96, and 0.89, respectively [all 95% CIs include 1.0]).
For all age groups, the volume and quality of research were inadequate to quantitatively address questions about essential elements of efficacious interventions, other positive outcomes from behavioral counseling interventions addressing seat belt use, or maintenance of MVOI safety behaviors after behavioral counseling interventions. The complexity of the type of restraint device needed (for example, child safety seat, booster seat, or safety belt) and receptivity of the patient because of differences in age influence the type of intervention that may be needed. These issues were not specifically addressed in the studies.
Do primary care behavioral counseling interventions for children, adolescents, and adults reduce driving/riding with drivers under the influence of alcohol?
Our searches found no studies of primary care interventions evaluating behavioral counseling in general populations to reduce driving while under the influence of alcohol or riding with drivers who are under the influence of alcohol.
What are the adverse effects of counseling children, adolescents, and adults to correctly use age- and weight-appropriate restraints and reduce driving/riding with drivers under the influence of alcohol?
Our searches found no studies of adverse effects of counseling to use age- and weight-appropriate restraints or reduced driving while under the influence of alcohol or riding with drivers who are under the influence of alcohol.
The evidence for reducing the risk for injury and death when using recommended motor vehicle occupant restraints has been previously demonstrated to be strong. The current prevalence of restraint use is near the Healthy People 2010 goal of 100% use for infants and is more than 90% for children age 1 to 3 years (44). Incorrect use, however, remains common in these age groups and diminishes the level of protection provided. Restraint use is less prevalent among children 4 to 7 years of age, among whom premature advancement to seat belts increases the risk for injuries and among adolescents and adults (20% to 25% nonuse in these age groups) (45).
The available scientific literature provides fair evidence that, among infants and children up to 4 years of age, behavioral counseling interventions have been effective in increasing short-term correct use of infant and child safety seats at the time of hospital discharge or within 2 months after initially delivering the intervention. Effects have subsequently diminished, in many cases because use increases over time in groups without intervention. Many of the successful interventions included a demonstration of correct safety seat use. The largest effect sizes were seen among the trials that included a safety seat distribution program through a reduced-cost loan or giveaway program. Several interventions that did not include distribution programs, however, were also effective, at least in the short term.
Most of the studies included in this review had multiple methodological flaws, and no study was of good quality according to the USPSTF criteria. Some of the better-quality trials that were most relevant to the primary care setting were nonrandomized, controlled trials conducted during the late 1970s to 1980s, when many states first began passing child seat restraint laws. Some studies reported observed prevalence of correct use of child safety seats in fewer than 10% of the study population. Awareness and attitudes about restraint use differed greatly from current awareness and attitudes. Experts in the field, including authors of previous evidence reviews, have expressed concern about the limited quality and lack of recent studies in this body of evidence (19, 20, 46), especially given the magnitude of public health burden.
Because of recently revised safety recommendations, only 28 states currently have laws that apply to children in booster seats, and most of these do not cover all children up to age 8 years (10). We found few relevant data describing the effectiveness of primary care clinician counseling of children or parents on the use of booster seats. One recent trial conducted in an emergency department setting demonstrated a large increase in self-reported use among low-income families that received both education and a free booster seat (33). The intervention, however, was delivered by certified car seat technicians who had undergone intensive training, and it required the distribution of a free booster seat to be effective. Translating these findings to the primary care setting is not yet tested. Few adequate-quality trials have evaluated counseling to increase seat belt use among older children, adolescents, and adults.
We found no research addressing the effect of behavioral counseling interventions delivered to unselected patients in primary care to reduce alcohol-related driving or riding with an impaired driver. The USPSTF, however, has previously recommended screening and brief interventions for alcohol misuse in primary care (47), and these interventions may also improve alcohol-related MVOIs. Among the trials included in the systematic review on primary care screening and interventions for risky and harmful alcohol use that were prepared to support the USPSTF recommendation (22), 1 RCT found a reduction in the self-reported rate of driving after drinking among risky or harmful alcohol users who received an intervention to reduce alcohol use (48). Another RCT of a similar intervention reported a reduction in motor vehicle crashes with nonfatal injuries in a subanalysis of adults 18 to 30 years of age (49). More than 80% of alcohol-impaired driving episodes are reported by people who also reported binge drinking (50). Thus, screening all patients for alcohol misuse and then intervening with risky and harmful users (instead of counseling all primary care patients about reducing alcohol-related driving) may be the best evidence-based approach that is currently available for primary care clinicians.
Interventions to reduce MVOIs are complex, involving both regulatory approaches and behavioral counseling through community-based and clinical settings. Furthermore, the complexity of behavioral counseling approaches changes as the individual ages (complex restraint systems for infants and children, inherent risk-taking behavior for adolescents, and established behaviors for adults). Although primary care behavioral counseling interventions to increase correct age- and weight-appropriate restraint use among infants and toddlers may increase short-term use of restraints, these effects may diminish over time. Effective interventions included education, demonstration of correct use, and child safety seat distribution programs and were tested during a time of growing cultural support and increasing regulatory requirements for child safety restraint use. Data from primary care studies were lacking for interventions to increase the use of belt-positioning booster seats for children 4 to 8 years of age, an area where interventions are needed because of lower use and gaps in current child safety seat legislation. Similarly, no interventions targeting drivers 16 to 24 years of age, a known high-risk group, were available. Data describing the effects of behavioral counseling interventions among adults were also limited. Across age groups addressed, recent or good-quality trials for any MVOI-related safety behaviors were lacking. Many of the available studies were conducted when restraint use was less common, and the studies in populations with higher baseline use did not show improvements in restraint use, suggesting a possible ceiling effect. Misuse of child safety restraints remains common and diminishes their effectiveness.
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text:
We are up bright and early for our audience with the Pope.
Three years ago for the Damien pilgrimage audience, we arrived before everyone and were able to place the patients' wheelchairs up front and center. And then everyone else came with their wheelchairs and our folks ended up in the fourth row!
It really doesn't matter actually since the Pope does not alight from his popemobile, unlike our private audience with John Paul II in 1994 where we were able to touch hands and receive a personal blessing for the people of Hawaii.


text:
It's not known when one of the busiest restaurants in Waikiki will reopen after an early morning fire.
Honolulu Fire Department investigators said the fire started in the kitchen of The Cheesecake Factory at the Royal Hawaiian Shopping Center just before 3:30am Friday.
Fire investigators say the cause of the fire was an accidental gas leak to a deep fat fryer. The cause of the leak is undetermined. A pilot light in the appliance was the source of ignition for the leaking gas.
Damage is estimated at $2,500,000. This includes damage to the restaurant's kitchen, exhaust duct and smoke damage to adjacent businesses in the shopping center.
A restaurant cleaning employee described hearing an explosion and tried putting out the fire with an extinguisher.
But the flames spread quickly through the ventilation system, creating a challenge for firefighters.
"The ducting system is designed to move cooking grease and smoke up to the roof where there's penetration," said Capt. Terry Seelig, HFD spokesman.
Shocked employees watched helplessly as crews worked to contain the fire.
"Honestly, it's like heartbreaking. It's like our family. This is how we make a living and the fact that we're probably going to be closed tomorrow is heartbreaking for us," said Cheesecake Factory employee Natasha Flores.
Click here to see photos from the fire scene on your mobile device.
Guy Higuet and his wife Ivy, who are visiting from Chicago, could see the flames from their ninth floor hotel room next door.
"It was a very shocking," said Guy Higuet.
"Very shocking, especially since we'd had dinner here and it was like, 'Oh my god, is that The Cheesecake Factory on fire?'" said Ivy Higuet.
The fire was extinguished about two hours later.
HFD said the fire caused moderate damage to the restaurant's duct system.
One-hundred and fifty guests at the Royal Hawaiian Hotel were evacuated because of the heavy smoke, which spread throughout the shopping center.
Retailers Forever 21, Bebe and Beijing Chinese Restaurant were the only businesses affected by the fire. They're open for business on Friday with the only evidence of the fire is the lingering smell of smoke.
Forever 21 spent the morning airing out their store. They're still assessing any losses, if any, and said they'll bill the restaurant for any damages.
Restaurant goers were somewhat disappointed.
California visitors Guy and Tierni Martins had hoped to have lunch on this last day of their vacation.
"Well, there's plenty of restaurants. We'll find something else," said Tierni Martins.
"Yeah, we're pretty relaxed after a week here, but it would have been nice to have their Cobb Salad," said Guy Martins.
The restaurant hopes to reopen as soon as possible.
In a statement, the company said "We'd like to thank the Honolulu Fire Department for their quick response and tremendous efforts in distinguishing the fire."
The Waikiki Cheecake Factory opened in 2004 and is one of the top-grossing restaurants in the company's chain.


text:
Get a first look at Adobe Experience Design. Learn how to use Adobe XD to create interactive prototypes for websites, mobile apps, and other digital experiences.
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Put your web motion skills to the test in this final project of the series, which uses Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop, and Edge Animate to create an animated banner ad.
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Explore the emerging workflow between the Adobe Creative Cloud applications and Edge Animate through a series of hands-on projects.
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Master each tool in Fireworks to create and edit all kinds of amazing web-based graphics.
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text:
A few races still too close to call
After months of campaigning, the 2013 election still isn't quite over for a handful of candidates.
Just five votes separate the third- and fourth-place candidates in the race to fill three seats on the Frontier Local Board of Education, with as many as a dozen provisional ballots that could still be counted. Meanwhile, two incumbent Barlow Township trustees will have to wait for seven provisionals to be reviewed and perhaps some absentees to be counted before finding out which of them will remain in the job.
Provisional ballots are those whose validity is in question, for a reason like their ballot not being signed or the address they present at the polls not matching the one on file. They will be reviewed by the board of elections, which will decide whether they are valid. If so, they'll be added into the totals at the canvas, tentatively scheduled for Nov. 25.
"Wow. That's three weeks," said Barlow Township Trustee Richard Best, who led fellow Trustee Darren Roddy by three votes according to final, unofficial totals released Tuesday.
In addition to the seven provisionals, there are three absentee ballots that were mailed out to township voters but hadn't been returned by Election Day. If postmarked by Nov. 4, they would still count.
Best and Roddy – who finished behind Corey Proctor and his 346 votes – say they aren't too worried about the outcome.
"However she shakes out between me and Darren, it's fine with me," said Best, who was appointed to the seat two years ago following the death of Al Harris. "Those provisionals could all be for him. Or they could all be for me."
Roddy, who has been a trustee for 14 years, said he won't be bothered if the results don't change in his favor. In fact, he'd like it that way.
"Honestly, I think Dick Best goes out and works with the guys every day, and I'd rather see him get it, I guess. He deserves it," said Roddy, who added that if he is the odd man out he might consider a run again in two years or perhaps seek another office.
In the Frontier Local school district, the top vote-getter, Todd Collins of Newport, and the fourth-place finisher, Whipple resident Daryl Bowersock, were separated by just 55 votes. While the 12 provisional ballots to be considered – plus two possible absentee ballots – won't be enough to raise Bowersock's tally of 733 votes up to the level of Collins' 788 or Gale DePuy II's 754, it could allow him to pass Lawrence Township resident Kurt Bohlen, who received 738.
Neither Bowersock nor Bohlen could be reached for comment Wednesday.
And even after the canvas, there could still be another step: if the difference between the vote totals falls within one-half of 1 percent of the total votes cast, an automatic recount is triggered.
Some other races that had close finishes don't have enough outstanding ballots to change the outcome.
Jeremy D. Gribble received 90 votes in the race for Fairfield Township trustee to Betty Watson's 85. But even if the single provisional ballot in the race and an unreturned absentee are counted for Watson, the three-vote margin wouldn't be low enough to trigger a recount.
The difference that gave Kurtus Marshall the second trustee seat in Liberty Township over David Kehl was even smaller – 60-57. There are two absentee ballots that hadn't been returned, and both would have to be for Kehl to qualify for an automatic recount.
The Lawnsdale in Dunham Township had its Sunday liquor sales petition approved 100-98, and with only one provisional ballot for the Dunham East precinct, it will apparently stand.
A few seats were going to remain empty for a while no matter how many people cast votes on Tuesday.
Only one person ran for Lowell Village Council, leaving three seats empty. There's also a vacancy on the village's board of public affairs.
The Lower Salem Village Council had a quartet of seats on the ballot and just one candidate, while New Matamoras had two candidates for four seats. New Matamoras also needs someone else for its public affairs board.
Filling vacant council seats is a duty that falls on the remaining council members. If they don't do so within 30 days of the seat being vacated, the mayor makes the pick. The mayor makes appointments to the board of public affairs as well.
"Anyone that's interested in serving on council just needs to get ahold of one of the current council members or me or the clerk" and let them know they'd like to be considered, Lower Salem Mayor David Brightbill said, noting appointments would not be made until January, when the seats are officially open.
Lowell Mayor David Pitzer said the details of that village's search will be discussed at upcoming council meetings and announced at a later date. People can contact the village office for more information.


text:
BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//18.104.22.168//NONSGML kigkonsult.se iCalcreator 2.16.1// CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH X-WR-CALNAME:Artswego X-WR-CALDESC:The Performing Arts at Oswego pages and the content within are produced by ARTSwego\, a collaboration of students\, faculty and administ ration\, whose goal is to support the presentation of cultural programs fo r the campus and community. X-FROM-URL:http://oswego.edu/arts X-WR-TIMEZONE:America/New_York BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/New_York X-LIC-LOCATION:America/New_York BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20171105T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 TZNAME:EST END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20170312T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:EDT END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:http://oswego.edu/arts/?post_type=ai1ec_event&\;p=978&\;instanc e_id= DTSTAMP:20161211T081639Z CONTACT: DESCRIPTION:
Celebrate the season with the joyous sound of holiday music.
The Festival Chorus will open with Bach's Magnificat and State S
ingers and College Choir will present a varied program of Christmas music.
\nFree and open to the public.


text:
Skip Left Navigation
County Home
BOS Home
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 5
Agenda Items
Meeting Schedule
Summary of Proceedings
Ordinance Codes
Clerk of the
District Map
email Supervisor Abe
Supervisor Roger Abe was elected to the Yuba County Board of
Supervisors in 2008, took office on January 5, 2009, and was re-elected in
2012. Supervisor Abe served as Board Chairman in 2011 and in 2016 was
elected Chair.
Roger lives in the Wheatland area with his wife of 27
years, Susan, and owns and farms 40 acres of walnuts. Roger and Susan
have three sons, Brian, John, and Henry and one grandchild.
Roger graduated from Wheatland Union High School in 1973 and Yuba College in 1975. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from California State University, Sacramento in 1977. Roger received a Juris Doctor (JD) from University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law in May 1982, and passed the California bar exam in July 1982.
Roger represents the County in his capacity as
Supervisor on the following:
Roger has served on the following:
Roger worked as a Yuba City police officer from July
1977 – September 1979. Since December 1982, he has operated a small
general law practice.
Board of Supervisors • 915 8th Street Suite
109, Marysville, CA 95901 • (530)749-7510 • Fax: (530)749-7353
General Comments/Contact
©2009 County of Yuba, CA


text:
This fish finder's display is worn on your wrist, letting you move freely as you angle, unlike other sonar sensors with screens that must be handheld or affixed to a boat. It operates in a wide 75' remote radius, transmitting real-time views of fish and underwater terrain to the 1 1/4" LCD display. The sensor reads depth to 120' with a wide 90� sonar beam and also measures water surface temperature. Includes display backlighting and a pulse-lit advanced sensor for night fishing. All controls are easily accessed from the waterproof wrist unit that doubles as a wristwatch. The ABS plastic remote sensor runs 500 continuous hours, and automatically shuts off after removal from water. CR-2450 battery for wrist display included. 2" H x 2" W x 2 3/4" D. (1 oz.)
Lifetime Guarantee
The Wrist Strap Fish Finder comes with The Hammacher Schlemmer Lifetime Guarantee at no additional charge. If this product ever disappoints you, for any reason, you may return your Hammacher Schlemmer purchase for exchange, credit, or refund.Should you have any questions, we are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Please call 1-800-321-1484 to speak with a product specialist or email us at email@example.com to receive a response within one hour.
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(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
zone in on fish
By patti anne marie dd
from clearwater,fla
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my Grandson liked it for gift
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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#116268 - 11/19/03 06:11 AM rapprochement
Registered: 11/19/03
Posts: 4
Hey, isn't the word "process" redundant in the example from the Borneo Bulletin?
#116269 - 11/19/03 08:27 AM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 03/15/00
Posts: 11613
Loc: Louisville, Kentucky
Welcome to you, Norah. I had to go searching for your ref.--I am not meticulous in reading my W.'s A. D., I'm afraid. But you did make me go and check Monday's Word--I do love them the best, because of the little narratives that go with them. And I found out--Anu's back, Anu's back! All's right with the world again.
Anyway--the quote is "Japanese anger over the kidnappings and North Korea's nuclear weapons ambitions have stalled the rapprochement process between Tokyo and
And the def. is:
Establishing or reestablishing of cordial relation,
especially between nations.
Oh man--every time I'm about to type yes or no to your question, I see the argument for the other way! We need an expert, please!
#116270 - 11/19/03 08:38 AM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 12/01/00
Posts: 13803
In the context of Anu's definition, perhaps it could be considered slightly redundant (not that there's anything wrong with a little redundancy now and then for the sake of clarity, but). AHD4 gives another definition that has rapprochement as the product and not the process, and, using this definition I would say that is definitely not redundant.
#116271 - 11/19/03 08:52 AM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
I think "rapprochement process" is correct. Rapprochement between two countries that have been bitter enemies requires many conciliatory actions on both sides over a long period of time, so it is a process.
#116272 - 11/19/03 09:38 AM Re: rapprochement
Registered: 11/19/03
Posts: 4
Let's see, I think my point is that rapprochement is a state, not a process, and that it may take a process to reach it but in this context whether or not there's been a long history of friction it's a little like saying "enmity process" ...
#116273 - 11/19/03 09:39 AM Re: rapprochement
Registered: 11/19/03
Posts: 4
you're arguing for my side, honey
#116274 - 11/19/03 09:47 AM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 12/01/00
Posts: 13803
I dunno. Anu's definition was that of a process, so, given that definition, I'd go along with the idea of its being redundant*, with the disclaimer of my first post. If we are defining it as a state, the rapprochement process is the process of reaching that state. I still see no problem with that usage. But I'm just one voice in the AWAD Usage Panel.
*Remembering that the language is full of redundancies, many staunchly defended by the most prescriptive of grammarians.
#116275 - 11/19/03 09:49 AM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 12/01/00
Posts: 13803
arguing for my side
And reaching a different conclusion?
#116276 - 11/19/03 09:57 AM Re: rapprochement
Registered: 11/19/03
Posts: 4
My dictionary gives two definitions, one "the re-establishing, etc..." and the other "the state of...", so I stand corrected, both are acceptable uses.
#116277 - 11/21/03 01:46 PM Re: rapprochement
Registered: 11/09/03
Posts: 619
Loc: Carpal Tunnel Country
I stand corrected
Why is it we "stand" corrected? Does that imply that we have been corrected but our dignity remains intact because we have not been knocked off our feet?
Just wondering where the term came from?
#116278 - 11/21/03 01:54 PM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 12/01/00
Posts: 13803
Why is it we "stand" corrected?
The definition of stand covers quite a bit of real estate. 8a is the one to take particular note of, but compare with some of its neighbors:
#116279 - 11/21/03 04:53 PM Re: rapprochement
Registered: 11/09/03
Posts: 619
Loc: Carpal Tunnel Country
8a. To be in a specified state or condition: I stand corrected.
Personally, I can't stand being corrected ... but I guess it's better to take it standing up than lying down.
#116280 - 11/21/03 05:31 PM Re: rapprochement
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 01/18/01
Posts: 13858
It used to be that when corrected, you had to go way back and sit down.
#116281 - 11/24/03 06:37 PM Re: rapprochement
Registered: 08/27/02
Posts: 2154
Loc: British Columbia, Canada
or stand (corrected) in the corner
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