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After his last arrest, he was sentenced to 18 months in a federal prison. With mounting health problems and personal convictions about the law, he found himself at a dead end. Rather than report to jail, he committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in 2009 at age 62.
ŌĆ£He didnŌĆÖt care about anything but making moonshine, and he didnŌĆÖt feel like he was doing anything wrong,ŌĆØ said his widow, Pam Sutton.
Though already a legendary and controversial figure during his lifetime, PopcornŌĆÖs death immortalized his role as the outlaw moonshiner. The iconic image of a bootlegger has been part of American culture since the countryŌĆÖs inception and with that image came centuries of confrontation, vilification and condemnation.
ItŌĆÖs an Appalachian tradition as deep and rich as the Great Smoky Mountains themselves ŌĆö one still finding its footing in a modern world where few things survive the onslaught of time.
HeadinŌĆÖ south
The practice of distilling and making spirits in Southern Appalachia dates back hundreds of years. With an influx of Scots-Irish settlers into the area during the 17th and 18th centuries, their ancient methods and techniques of making liquor came with them. Whisky production was not only an economic vehicle for society but also one that influenced politics and culture.
Once in America, these early pioneers molded their distilling ways to fit the new crop they discovered ŌĆö corn, which was a plentiful ingredient grown by Native Americans and quickly adopted by newcomers.
ŌĆ£Making liquor was a natural way of life for these settlers,ŌĆØ said Dan Pierce, chairman of the history department at UNC-Asheville and author the newly published book on moonshining, Corn From A Jar. ŌĆ£These early Appalachian people had long traditions of making liquor, and they adapted it to the new grains of the land, particularly corn.ŌĆØ
Dark side of the moonshine
During the 18th and 19th century, several attempts by the U.S. government to tax liquor spurred protest and, in certain situations, violence. According to Pierce, Congress brought about a $2 tax on liquor, an enormous jump from the 20 cents taxed in previous years. Distillers immediately became outlaws, with federal revenuers looking to collect.
ŌĆ£From the start, moonshiners have always had this ŌĆśoutlawŌĆÖ image,ŌĆØ Pierce said. ŌĆ£SocietyŌĆÖs fascination with the moonshiners is part nostalgia, part outlaw, where that person pushes the boundaries, all in an effort to make a living. Once something like that gains momentum, it just takes off.ŌĆØ
In 1876, moonshiner Lewis Redmond found himself in a shootout with a federal marshall. Redmond killed the official and was dubbed ŌĆ£King of the Moonshiners.ŌĆØ After the incident, Redmond relocated to Bryson City, where he continued his distilling empire in Western North Carolina. Sylva writer Gary Carden wrote a play, ŌĆ£The Prince of Dark Corners,ŌĆØ about Redmond, which was also made into a PBS special.
With the popularity of moonshine came stereotypes. Those in other parts of the country often viewed the entire South as a band of outlaws. Though an important aspect of the history of Southern Appalachia, many feel it isnŌĆÖt the whole story.
ŌĆ£Moonshining is a part of the cultural history here, but not the entire history,ŌĆØ said author, historian and folklorist George Ellison, of Bryson City. ŌĆ£These characteristics of the moonshiner put us in a cubby hole. ItŌĆÖs not a bad thing, but itŌĆÖs not accurate of the entire population and culture.ŌĆØ
Into the mid-20th century, the illegal moonshiners developed new tactics to get their product to clients. Faster, more savvy automobiles graced the twisted backroads of the mountains. Bootleggers customized their vehicles with faster engines in seemingly slow vehicles, stronger axles and leaf springs to not make a heavy load of moonshine obvious when driving down the road.
The 1958 crime-drama thriller ŌĆ£Thunder RoadŌĆØ saw Hollywood introduce their take on the ŌĆ£life of a moonshinerŌĆØ to the world. Starring Robert Mitchum, the film became a cult classic that perpetuated the outlaw image of moonshiners.
ŌĆ£ŌĆśThunder RoadŌĆÖ definitely fired up a national hype by overly romanticizing moonshining,ŌĆØ Ellison said. ŌĆ£And a lot of people related to it, because almost everyone has a story about trying moonshine.ŌĆØ
Consequently, many of those actual bootleg drivers became pioneers in another Southern tradition ŌĆö stock car racing. Taking their talents of evading the law, these moonshine drivers, most notably Junior Johnson, were part of the newly formed National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, or NASCAR, which today is AmericaŌĆÖs biggest spectator sport.
ŌĆ£Moonshine really was integral to the inception of NASCAR,ŌĆØ Pierce said. ŌĆ£Everyone was involved in moonshine, from drivers to track owners to promoters. They were looking for the next thing, and they found it with racing.ŌĆØ
The man behind the ŌĆśshine
Pam Sutton was working at a caf├® in Parrottsville, Tenn., when a skinny, bearded man walked in. Adorned with a rolled cigarette hanging from his lips, trademark bib overalls, long sleeve plaid and floppy hat with a raccoon penis bone through the top, he looked at her and soon walked back out.
ŌĆ£I knew who he was; I knew it was Popcorn,ŌĆØ she said. ŌĆ£He came down again the next day for some business with somebody, and he gave them a card to give me. It said, ŌĆśCall me.ŌĆÖŌĆØ
From there, a romance blossomed. At the time, Popcorn resided in Parrottsville. He made every effort to win over PamŌĆÖs heart. It was a notion many aware of his legend may have been surprised by.
ŌĆ£Personally, he was a very caring, loving man,ŌĆØ Pam said. ŌĆ£He was totally different with me than in public ŌĆö he treated me like a queen. He was a very romantic guy, and you wouldnŌĆÖt think that by looking at him.ŌĆØ
The couple was married for two years before Popcorn committed suicide to avoid spending what arguably would have been the rest of his life in prison, given his poor health at the time. In his final years, he was setting the foundation to make his longtime illegal practice legal by starting his own licensed business.
But, heŌĆÖd never see the fruits of his labors. In his honor, Pam has taken the reins and created ŌĆ£Popcorn SuttonŌĆÖs Tennessee White Whiskey.ŌĆØ The company brings together Pam, J&M Concepts LLC and outlaw country musician Hank Williams Jr., who was a fan of PopcornŌĆÖs moonshine and wanted to continue the tradition.
ŌĆ£Moonshine keeps our culture here in Southern Appalachia alive; itŌĆÖs our history. ItŌĆÖs how people made a living in these mountains, and it keeps PopcornŌĆÖs memory alive,ŌĆØ Pam said.
In its fourth year, the Popcorn Sutton Summer Jam, a.k.a. ŌĆ£Hillbilly Woodstock,ŌĆØ is held at the Maggie Valley Festival Grounds. The event is Aug. 2-3. Starting as a grassroots get-together of a couple hundred people, the festival has grown to more than 4,000 attendees, according to promoters.
Distilling tradition
For every batch of moonshine he makes, Cody Bradford is distilling his lineage. The tradition of making ŌĆśshine has been in his family for more than 150 years. The recipe remains the same, and itŌĆÖs as strong and real as each generation of crafters.
ŌĆ£ItŌĆÖs in my blood; itŌĆÖs the whole reason I wanted to do this, to keep the tradition alive,ŌĆØ he said. ŌĆ£By learning about moonshine, youŌĆÖre learning the history behind the hardworking people of these mountains. I want people to know whatŌĆÖs good moonshine and whatŌĆÖs not.ŌĆØ
In 2010, Bradford opened the Howling Moon Distillery in Asheville. Putting out hundreds of gallons of moonshine, Bradford canŌĆÖt keep up with demand, even with the product only being sold in Western North Carolina.
ŌĆ£Making liquor is the hardest job IŌĆÖve ever had,ŌĆØ he said. ŌĆ£And doing it legally, I can pass along the tradition without the fear anymore of getting caught.ŌĆØ
In a twist of fate, his wifeŌĆÖs great-great uncle was the federal marshal shot by ŌĆ£King of the MoonshinersŌĆØ Lewis Redmond in 1876.
ŌĆ£Moonshine isnŌĆÖt about a bunch of hillbillies getting drunk,ŌĆØ he said. ŌĆ£ItŌĆÖs about people whose only survival was brewing ŌĆśshine. For me, brewing it is a thrill, and itŌĆÖs part of who I am.ŌĆØ
In recent years, the image of the bootlegger has increased through popular reality shows like ŌĆ£MoonshinersŌĆØ and ŌĆ£Hillbilly Blood.ŌĆØ But still, how has the public fascination with moonshiners remained so strong through the generations?
ŌĆ£People like outlaws, whether itŌĆÖs Al Capone, Jesse James or Billy the Kid,ŌĆØ Bradford said. ŌĆ£And moonshiners are the last real outlaws still out there.ŌĆØ
Flowing into modernity
Moonshine arrests and convictions have drastically dropped in recent decades. With illegal trades shifting more to hard drugs and black market materials, the number of stills confiscated is nearly nonexistent in Western North Carolina.
ŌĆ£IŌĆÖve been here over eight years and have yet to see one still,ŌĆØ said Swain County Sheriff Curtis Cochran.
But Bradford assures there is no shortage of bootleggers still operating in Southern Appalachia. He estimates hundreds of ŌĆśshiners are cooking up their trademarks brews to this day, high up in the deep forests, far away from Main Street America.
ŌĆ£There are more moonshiners out there today than I can count,ŌĆØ he said. ŌĆ£TheyŌĆÖre smarter these days; they donŌĆÖt talk about it at all, and theyŌĆÖve survived.ŌĆØ
And the proof of their existence is in the ŌĆśshine. Just last month, sheriff deputies in Mitchell County (north of Asheville) seized more than 150 gallons of illegal moonshine in a raid on a production facility following a tip.
ŌĆ£ItŌĆÖs not a common occurrence anymore, but we still come across them once in a while,ŌĆØ said Josh Sparks, chief deputy for Mitchell County. ŌĆ£More than anything, we have our sights on the increasing drug problem. It was a good bust, though.ŌĆØ
Sparks said moonshine arrests and convictions are nowhere near the numbers 30 or 40 years ago. He feels moonshiners are keeping their clients closer these days and not expanding as far, where those who do expand tend to be the ones getting ahead of themselves and caught. But, that doesnŌĆÖt mean public interested has decreased.
ŌĆ£WeŌĆÖve had more calls about what we were going to do with that seized moonshine than on anything else,ŌĆØ Sparks chuckled. ŌĆ£It all gets poured out and destroyed, but people wanted to know if we ŌĆśwould donate a jar here and there to them.ŌĆÖŌĆØ
Making a stand
Moonshine has remained a line in the sand that places American citizens on one side of the law or the other. The rebellion behind the making and selling of the liquor has pushed through the ages with a ŌĆ£Whack-A-MoleŌĆØ mentality, where for every moonshiner caught, several more pop up. Co-owner of Twisted Hillbilly Magazine, a key sponsor of the Jam, Jeff Whitaker looks towards Popcorn as a hero to the individual.
ŌĆ£You look at Popcorn like you look at Hank Williams III or Willie Nelson, who were people with their finger in the air, just rebels, and Popcorn was the ultimate rebel,ŌĆØ he said. ŌĆ£Popcorn held his finger in the air ŌĆśtil the very end.ŌĆØ
Whitaker noted that Popcorn felt he had already paid his taxes by purchasing the materials and ingredients he used to make his moonshine. For both men, making ŌĆśshine is a form of protest that is an essential right of being an American.
ŌĆ£People can embrace this kind of rebellion; itŌĆÖs a quiet and harmless rebellion that crosses a broad spectrum,ŌĆØ Whitaker said. ŌĆ£I love the fierce independence of this region. In Southern Appalachia, we want to do our thing and be left alone. YouŌĆÖre either a decent person or not, and thatŌĆÖs the way we measure things in these parts ŌĆö itŌĆÖs always been that way.ŌĆØ
And as moonshining rolls into the 21st century, it seems thereŌĆÖs no stopping a storied and proud tradition in Southern Appalachia. Though production numbers may have dwindled, on paper, one can find a jar of white lightning with the slightest of ease. ItŌĆÖs about trust and confidence in doing so, which are key traits of this wild landscape.
ŌĆ£Popcorn was great at marketing himself, and when youŌĆÖre doing something illegal, and in the public eye, you tend to be in the crosshairs of the law,ŌĆØ Pierce said. ŌĆ£They say Popcorn was ŌĆśThe Last One,ŌĆÖ but he wasnŌĆÖt the end of the line; he was the beginning of a Renaissance for moonshining.ŌĆØ
ŌĆśShining a light on history
During AmericaŌĆÖs infancy, distillers were able to practice their trade legally, making liquors to not only consume but for trade, medicine and seemingly everything in between. All walks of life from farmers to the President of United States purchased, consumed and enjoyed spirits.
It was an honorable and sacred profession, one that was left alone for decades during the nationŌĆÖs development. But, that all changed with the Whiskey Rebellion of 1791. According to the Library of Congress, in an effort to increase the power of the government and pay off state debts from the Revolutionary War, U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton introduced a new tax on people who made and used whiskey as a means of exchange. The tax sparked a protest, one that was ŌĆ£against taxation without local representation.ŌĆØ
The feuding hit a head in 1794 with protesters attacking the home of a tax inspector who was serving writs to people who hadnŌĆÖt adhered to paying the tax. President George Washington sent peace commissioners, with thousands of militia later being deployed to quell the rebellion.
The suppression showcased a change in the new nation where resistance could be thwarted by the government. The tax was eventually repealed when President Thomas Jefferson came to office in 1801.
Following the Civil War, another tax on spirits was enacted by the federal government to once again pay for the cost of battle. Already physically and economically devastated by the war, the Confederate States of America felt they couldnŌĆÖt take another financial blow by allowing the tax in the years during Reconstruction.
ŌĆ£Making moonshine was the primary way people paid their taxes. It was a dependable thing for a cash crop when a lot of these agricultural families of the South couldnŌĆÖt rely on their farms every year,ŌĆØ said Dan Pierce, UNC-Asheville history professor and author of Corn From A Jar. ŌĆ£Making and transporting liquor was cheaper and more profitable than growing corn. But, by the 1870s, the government started cracking down on the production.ŌĆØ
If a distiller did pay tax on their product, they were legally allowed to keep brewing. But, for small-time farmers and producers, the tax ate up too much of their profit to justify making the liquor.
ŌĆ£Liquor was a poor farmerŌĆÖs hedge,ŌĆØ Pierce said. ŌĆ£When agriculture in this area went down in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these distillers relied more and more on making moonshine to get by.ŌĆØ
Though a temperance movement to ban alcohol has early roots in this country, it gained significant momentum at the turn of the 20th century. By 1918, Congress passed the 18th Amendment to the Constitution ŌĆō an action that prohibited the manufacture, transport and sale of alcohol. ŌĆ£ProhibitionŌĆØ was finally repealed in 1933, after years of heightened crime, violence and protest due to the controversial laws.


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Two Cabot women dead in two-car Marshfield crash - Updated 2:35 p.m.
MARSHFIELD – Two Cabot women who weren't wearing seat belts died Saturday morning when their 2002 Chevrolet Cavalier collided head-on in the oncoming lane with a 2001 Toyota Tundra pick-up truck, police said.
The driver of the car, Holly Trombly, 28, of Cabot, and one of her three passengers, Jennifer Hurley, 29, also of Cabot, were found dead at the scene, police said. The crash occurred around 6:50 a.m. near the Beaver Meadow Road intersection.
Two passengers in the rear of the car, John Bates, 26, and Andrew Rivera, 22, were transported by a Cabot ambulance to Central Vermont Medical Center in Berlin, then transferred by helicopter to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
Their injuries were not life-threatening. They also were not wearing seatbelts, police said.
The car was traveling in an easterly direction, and the collision occurred in the westbound lane, police said.
The Cavalier had been passing vehicles in its lane, police said. Police said improper passing and speed were also believed to be contributing factors.
The front of the car was completely destroyed. Police said the vehicle was totaled. The truck had front-end damage.
The driver of the truck, Nathaniel Smith, 26, of Cabot, was wearing a seat belt, did not report any injuries and refused medical transport, police said.
A portion of Route 2 was closed for about four hours this morning. Those responding to the crash scene included Marshfield, Plainfield and East Montpelier fire units and Cabot Ambulance Service.
Trooper Jacob Metayer led the investigation of the accident.MORE IN This Just InWASHINGTON The House on Thursday cleared bills to keep the government running through April and... Full StorySALISBURY, N.C. Full StoryMEUREUDU, Indonesia Humanitarian organizations descended on Indonesias Aceh province Thursday ... Full Story
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Black Braided Sleeve V-Neck Knit Top
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Braiding opens up flutter sleeves on this stretchy black knit top with a tapered fit. 67% Rayon, 29% Polyestser, 4% Spandex. Machine wash, cold; lay flat to dry. Imported.
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Stars Pitching Unhealthy Products?
By Health Day
A new study published in the journal Pediatrics shows the products endorsed by famous athletes aren't always as healthy as parents and kids might think.
Researchers tracked more than 5-hundred brands associated with athletes Nearly 24% of them involved food and beverages with the majority of those being for sports drinks, soft drinks and fast food.
A whopping 93-percent of the 46 beverages endorsed by athletes got 100 percent of their calories from added sugar.
According to the study, LeBron James, Peyton Manning, and Serena Williams contributed the most to marketing energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods.
Study authors say in 2010, 12 to 17 year-old children viewed more athlete-endorsed commercials than any other age group and they worry about the mixed messages kids are getting about diet and health.
They're calling on celebrity athletes to become aware of the health value of the products they promote.
I'm Dr. Cindy Haines of HealthDay TV with the news doctors are reading health news that matters to you.
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Since becoming consolidated in 1971, the Columbus, Georgia Consolidation Government has been committed to preserving the historical significance of our city. The Planning Department is responsible for establishing development guidelines to protect Columbus' historic architectural heritage.
The Board of Historic & Architectural Review shall encourage preservation, maintenance and improvements of buildings of historic and/or architectural significance within the Historic Districts. It has eleven appointed and voting members, four, which are appointed exclusively by the City Council. The other seven voting members are also appointed by the Council, but they must be members of and recommended by certain organizations as stated in the ordinance that established the board. There are three other nonvoting members, one of which is a representative of the Columbus Housing Authority, one of which represents the Planning Department and the other represents the Columbus Inspections and Code Enforcement Division.
Ten neighborhoods in Columbus, Georgia have been designated as historic districts in recognition of their importance in the history and character of the city. These neighgborhoods are subject to the design guidelines approved by the Board of Historic & Architectural Review.
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June 2, 2005: On July 4, NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft will attempt an extraordinarily daring encounter with the far-flung comet Tempel 1 hurtling through space at tens of thousands of miles per hour. As if that is not challenging enough, the comet's size, shape and other characteristics are not entirely known.
Two of NASA's eyes in the sky, the Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescopes, helped scientists prepare for the comet encounter. From their orbits high above Earth, the telescopes watched Tempel 1 in early 2004. Together they came up with the best estimates of the comet's size, shape, reflectivity and rotation rate. The data may help Deep Impact snap pictures of the dramatic rendezvous and increase the probability of making contact with the comet.See the rest:
Credit: NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory-Caltech and T. Pyle (Spitzer Science Center)


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INGREDIENTS:1 gal.fat-free Italian dressing 2 ½ Tbsps. ground cumin 2 ½ Tbsps. crushed red pepper 4 Tbsps.chili powder 1 ¼ tsps.ground red pepper 1 Tbsp.granulated garlic 2 tsps.liquid smoke 72yellow baby sunburst squash or 4 ½ lbs. yellow squash 18 ozs.red peppers 2 ¼ lbs.red onions 4 ½ lbs.fresh mushrooms 4 ½ lbs.cherry tomatoes 18 ozs.green pepper ¼ lb.margarine or butter 1 oz.Montreal steak seasoningDIRECTIONS:1. Combine marinade ingredients (Italian dressing through liquid smoke), cover ...
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dont forget to increase your calories again
Started blasting and cruising about 7 months ago. started off with just a gram of test c a week for good gains then cruised about 8-10 weeks did a second cycle of tren and tren with no gains i think it as bunk but test was real so i threw tren in the thrash and cruised for about 3 months. just started another blast at 1000 mg test c, 600 mg deca, 500 mg eq wk. been 12 days and i dont see or feel any different. know it takes longer like another week or 2 to really feel but id feel something by now. heard when blasting and cruising your receptors get shot from being on so long even though you cruise awhile thats why im doing both deca and eq at a moderate dose instead of just one like most people will say. i just wanted to make sure i get some gains because i havent in awhile and have spent alot of money to get them. looking for any advice about how to keep gains going when blasting and cruising. im running alpha pharma line and all the codes checked out on the site. first time with this brand but i heard they good. im just not feeling it though. im up 2 lbs in 12 days and i think thats just from eating more. no strength gain yet.
dont forget to increase your calories again
Aussies and Philadelphians are the only people here
Yeah you gotta be eating tons of protein too-gear alone won't do much-diet makes all the difference
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yeah been eating 4 food meals a day and 2 shakes a day but i eat mostly clean stuff like breakfast is always 4 eggs, bowl of oats and glass of fat free milk other meals are like chicken breast and veggies or ground turkey spagetti and i eat alot of like tuna chicken and hamburger helpers to.
those calories arnt probably want you want to see but i dont want to put on fat either though. all muscle.
Not the expert here but I wouldn't expect much in 12 days...EQ and Deca both take a while to kick in
it's true but i think i would at least feel different by now. alsow hen blasting and cruisine can you get to a point where you cant grow no matter what you take? worried that might be the problem if thats possible.
Those are long estered oils the EQ takes almost 5 weeks to really get going which is why most people will do it for at least 14 weeks 16-20 is best. Same with deca. Nothing you can do about it now since you already own that gear. Next time around go for the short esters like test prop, NPP which is same as deca but short ester so it hits within a week. EQ well that is what it is. I'm planning an EQ run this fall that will last 20 weeks that one is for the long haul bro. Your short blast cruise cycles I am not sure how far you will get on those. Building true muscle takes time even on high amounts of gear. Don't expect to gain 20 pounds on a cycle. 7-12 would be a good cycle in my opinion. I gain around 10-15 each cycle but these are long cycles at least 12 weeks long. The stories of guys that say they gained 10 pounds in 2 weeks might be true but I bet they are eating garbage and bloating like a mutha. It is impossible to gain 10 pounds of muscle in a few weeks.
Everything I say is for entertainment purposes only and not to be taken seriously.
How much weight muscle/fat you gain really depends on your diet.. Hard to really grow on 4 eggs, "bowl of oats" and milk then chicken and veggies rest of the day. Without going in to to much detail on the diet, I'd recommend following an easy strict diet that way you can find your baseline and what you need to gain/lose.
As far as the blast/cruise goes I am a fan at times.. I also believe it is a good idea to come off and let the body "reset" after a while. When I think blast/cruise I think test/eq/deca (or whatever you choose) for 8-10 weeks and then cruising at 100-200mg/wk. The immediate weight gain in the first couple of weeks is usually water weight and maybe some muscle/fat. good luck !
Idk, at 10 weeks the EQ is just starting to get good. Seems like we are leaving a lot of gains on the table by going just til the EQ starts helping you then stopping. However a lot of guys do have a lot of success with the short blast and cruise. I do a 16 week cycle then cruise on 250 a week test for 6-8 weeks then go again for another 16 week. Its like 2 1/2 cycles a year. Ive been gaining consistently 12 pounds a year for the last 3 I've done this and still maintained my BF never above 13% and always go down to around 8% before bulking again. Diet is the key here. Once I got my food intake dialed in it got a lot easier.
Can you give your stats? How long training? Height and weight ect?
Guess ill get more gear and run for about 15 weeks soon as i start feeling it. my stts below
25 years old been lifting since i was 14 years old and played football in high school. im about 5 ft 11" with no shoes on
weight 218 lbs in morning with no clothes on. probably about %12 BF. The little pudge i got on my stomach is only fat on my body really. pretty vascular for a guy my weight in my arms and legs.
Tired of cycleing and lpsing alot of muscle and all the stupid sides that come with it is why i made the choice to stay on. i just hope this alpha pharma shit i got is legit. the codes checked out on the site.. if anyone knows about them shoot me a PM let me know please. I got Nolva and clomid in case something bad happens and i have to come off it though. got some alpha clen and t3 on the way now as hope im about to mix in there.
and my cruise doses have been 250 mg wk test c
I had a dozen eggs(10 of which whites)with 3/4 cup of brown rice mixed in, 300g of sweet potatoes, a banana, some blueberries and strawberries for breakfast. Just to give you an idea of how to eat to grow. You can't consume 2000calories a day and then wonder why you're not gaining on gear.
Alpha Pharma is g2g.
FWIW I bulk on 5,000 calories
If you want help, you need to post all your information. Complete and detailed diet and training regimen. Years training. Size and weight. Pct body fat, ect. Not enough info here.
height 5 ft 11 in
weight 219 lbs
25 years old and been lifting since i was 14
around %12 BF
1) breakfast 4 eggs, bowl of oats, glass of fat free milk
2) protein shake
3) hamburger helper meal with ground turkey instead since its leaner and healthier for you
4) chicken breast and veggies
5) 2 tuna sandwiches on wheat bread
6) protein shake before bed
mondays- chest,triceps
wendsdays-back, biceps
thursdays- shoulders
fridays, saturdays, and sundays been off but im about to throw in some cardio on those days. I work out at my local college and gyms closed on those days. I work 2 jobs and go to school so i do what i can when i can do it pretty much lol.
I'm not sure of the portions but I doubt you're breaking 3,000 calories, maybe not 2,500.
1. Drink whole milk
2. Eat red meat
3. Don't be scared of carbs/fats
4. Eat more whole foods and don't rely on shakes
Not enough Food Brother. Unless your cutting, EAT!! otherwise your wasting all that gear. Another thing not sure how many cycles you have done but that's a lot of gear even for an experienced user. Besides 12 days? These are all long estered anabolics. If you get to week 5 and still nothing then I'd worry. If your gear is legit that shit is gonna hit hard. a gram of test? Hope you got all your AI's.
I got nolva and i been cycleing for 3 years.
Just got tired of losing muscle and having erection problems is why i decided to just stay onat a low dose when not cycleing. it's my choice and i am well aware of the consicuences also.
Ok all good. You have 3 years experience in steroid use, but you don't have a handle on the basics like caloric intake? Not trying to be a dick just saying brother. Trying to help you out on your quest for Huge!!
want to put on muscle i dont want to put on fat but ill up the calories some.
If you dont eat you might as well be pinning gears and praying.... fuck the gym to much work.
Basically the problem isn't your gear.
All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental.
Here ya go. Maybe it will help you get a better idea of what you need...
I like using "my fitness pal" for diet logging on my iPhone. Makes it super easy to count everything. These guys are right though. At 5"11 218 you probably have a pretty quick metabolism. I would up your food. I personally eat 6 meals whether I'm cutting or bulking but the macronutrients vary greatly depending on my goals at that time.
yeah ill up the calorie intake see what happens


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Sarah Wulchak has been arrested in Volusia County 19 times since 2003, most recently in January after deputies there said she bit off a chunk of her boyfriend's ear.
Take a look at the mugshots from her 19 arrests. It's important to note that an arrest is not an indication of guilt.
MOBILE USERS: Tap right here to view the mugshots.


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Suite 1400
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
Benjamin P. Smith is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Litigation Practice. He is a trial lawyer with a particular focus on high-stakes disputes in the biotechnology, medical device, and internet industries.


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TYR Challenger Trunk.100% sanded polyester. Comfortable mesh lining. Side Pockets. Velcro expandable patch pocket. Flat braided drawcord. Inseam 9 1/2".
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Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning
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Hacking the Brain – A New Paradigm in Medicine
The word "paradigm" is over misused and overused, diluting its utility. Thomas Kuhn coined the term in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions to refer to an overarching explanatory system in science. Scientists, according to Kuhn, work within a paradigm during periods of "normal science," punctuated by occasional "paradigm shifts" when the old explanatory model no longer sufficed, and a radically new explanatory system was required. The term has since come into colloquial use to mean any scientific breakthrough, which marketers quickly overused to refer to just about any new product.
I am therefore cautious about using the term, but I think it is appropriate in this case. In medicine I would consider a new paradigm to be an entirely new approach to some forms of illness. Common treatment paradigms include nutrition, physical therapy, surgery, and pharmacology. A new paradigm is emerging in my field of neurology – directly affecting brain function through electromagnetic stimulation.
The brain is a chemical organ, with many receptors for specific neurotransmitters. This has allowed us to use a pharmacological approach in treating brain disorders – using drugs that are agonists (activators) or antagonists (blockers) of various neurotransmitter receptors, or that affect the production or inactivation of the neurotransmitters themselves. There are limits to this approach, however. First, neurotransmitters are not the only factor affecting brain function. The brain is also a biological organ like any other, and so all the normal physiological factors are in play. Further, there is only so much evolved specificity to the neurotransmitters and their receptors.
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The new Volvo FMX
Volvo FMX Classic
The new Volvo FM
Volvo FM Classic
All vehicles registered from 1 October 2006 have to meet Euro 4 legislation. Euro 5 comes into force on 1 October 2009.
The new Euro norms for exhaust reduction impose tough demands on all vehicle manufacturers. The difference in exhaust emissions requirements between a Euro 3 and a Euro 4 engine is considerable. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have to be cut from 5 to 3.5 g/kWh, a reduction of 30%. Particulate (PM) emissions must drop from 0.1 to 0.02 g/kWh. This corresponds to a reduction of no less than 80%.
Governmental incentivesSeveral European countries are already encouraging advance compliance with Euro 4 and Euro 5 through incentives such as lower road tolls (for instance 10 instead of 12 cents/km in Germany) or more favourable depreciation rates for correspondingly equipped vehicles (for instance in the Netherlands). Incentives to use this environmentally friendly technology are shortly to be expected in other European countries as well. Please contact the appropriate authority in your country for details. You can also turn to your Volvo Trucks Euro 4/Euro 5 contact for more information on this matter.
Fuel efficiencyThanks to efficient combustion in Volvo's Euro 4 and Euro 5 incentive engines, these units ensure the most fuel efficient solution among competing technologies, which in itself is a gain both financially and environmentally. Although the catalytic reduction process requires an additive in the form of a fluid named AdBlue, with current estimates for the price of AdBlue the overall operating cost will not increase compared to today's Euro 3 specification.


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by Anton Shilov
Western Digital Corp. on Monday announced the release of the WD Black2 dual drive, a unique storage device that fuses a 2.5" 120 GB solid state drive (SSD) with a 1TB hard disk drive (HDD) to offer a powerful dual drive solution. The WD Black2 dual drive connects through a single cable and fits into a conventional 9.5mm slot.
"Our customers told us they like our solid state hybrid drive technology, but our tech savvy users asked for more control of where they store their data. The WD Black2 dual drives empower our customers to enjoy SSD performance and access high capacity storage in a no-compromise package. The WD Black2 dual drive is a direct result of our interaction with our customer base through WD Labs initiatives. WD devised its beta labs program to provide an exclusive testing arena for key customers and technology influencers of existing and emerging WD storage products," said Matt Rutledge, senior vice president of WD's storage technology business unit.
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WD Black2 is free of caching algorithms and benefits from Serial ATA-6Gb/second interface speed. It is packaged in a standard 9.5mm, 2.5" form-factor with legacy SATA connector, making the WD Black2 dual drive compatible with most modern PCs. The drive supports operating systems ranging from Windows XP to Windows 8.1, but does not support Apple Mac OS or Linux.
Available at wdstore.com and through etailers such as Newegg.com, WD Black2 dual drives are covered by a five-year limited warranty. MSRP for the 2.5" 120 GB SSD + 1TB HDD WD Black2 dual drive is $299.00 USD.


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GV Now
Current Business Trends: Slow Growth
Posted on February 05, 2014
The greater Grand Rapids industrial economy experienced sustainable slow growth, according to the results of a monthly survey compiled by Brian G. Long, director of Supply Management Research in the Seidman College of Business at Grand Valley State University.
The survey results are based on data collected during the last two weeks of January. See full report here.
The survey's index of business improvement, called new orders, gained strength by rising to +14, from +5. However, the production index eased modestly to +7 from +10. The employment index returned to double digits at +12, up from +9.
Long said returning to a double-digit employment index is significant. "Even though it's not strong double digits, it means there is some growth left in the industrial sector for the employment market," said Long. "Smaller companies are lagging with new employment because owners are still worried about the future with talk of raising the minimum wage and Obamacare."
Long said the furniture industry remains on a very steady, but improving trend line, and auto parts firms turned in a mixed performance for January. He said January is usually a slow month for capital equipment firms, but several local respondents reported very positive sales. "Overall, we have numerous local factories at full capacity, and we still have firms looking for qualified people to fill positions," he said.
The Institute for Supply Management survey is a monthly survey of business conditions that includes 45 purchasing managers in the greater Grand Rapids area and 25 in Kalamazoo. The respondents are from the region's major industrial manufacturers, distributors and industrial service organizations. It is patterned after a nationwide survey conducted by the Institute for Supply Management. Each month, the respondents are asked to rate eight factors as "same," "up" or "down." An expanded version of this report and details of the methodology used to compile it are available at www.gvsu.edu/scblogistics.
For more information, contact Brian Long at (269) 323-2359.
* Long said January was a very positive month (audio).
* Long said a double-digit employment index is significant (audio).
* Long said smaller businesses are lagging when it comes to new hires (audio).
* Long said it will be several years before a complete economic rebound (audio).


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Visualize your Music with Color featuring a Full-Color OEL Display
Full-Color OEL Display with Customizable Displays
Rotary Commander for Easy File Searches
iPod Adapter and SAT Radio Ready
Suggested Price: $420.00
- Check out Premier
If you like this model, check out the Premier DEH-P780MP.
Much more than a CD player, the DEH-P7800MP can bring your music to life - and in life-like color, too! The new Full-Color OEL display is the first thing that will catch your eye. But the beauty of this model goes deep, with outstanding sound quality features such as DSP, 16-Band Graphic EQ, and much more.
Customizable Full-Color OEL Display
The DEH-P7800MP offers a first for CD receivers, a Full-Color (65,000-color*) OEL (Organic Electro Luminescent) display with animated graphics that retain amazing brightness. It's an innovation that, for the first time, allows the projection of motion and 3D animated graphics in multiple colors.
Like to customize the graphics on your OEL Display? No problem. Pioneer makes it easy to personalize your display. From a Pioneer website, you can download the necessary software that allows you to edit and create BMP, JPEG or PNG images. You can add animation, special effects, titles and more. Once the data is completed, burn it onto CD-R and insert into headunit. Custom images are uploaded and visible on your display. Download the OEL Screensaver Studio software and new display content at the following site: OEL Screensaver Studio website
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Auto-Flap Motorized Face
Loading a CD into the Auto-Flap Motorized Face is actually fun. Push the OPEN button and the motorized face plate slides out of the way to expose the CD slot, and back again when the CD's loaded. Just for fun, do it again. And when you leave the vehicle, the face can go with you. Just push the OPEN button, pull the face toward you, and pop it into the included face case. And out you go. Another advantage with this design: the face protects the CD slot from dust.
iTunes® AAC Playback Compatibility!
Here's an important first from Pioneer: Apple iTunes AAC compatibility! The DEH-P7800MP can play CDs with AAC files ripped using Apple's iTunes Media Player. Now you can make iTunes your one-stop music player for your PC, iPod and CDs as well.
(Note: Not compatible with DRM-protected music purchased from Apple iTunes Music Store)
MP3 and WMA Playback
Enjoy your favorite music downloads and burn onto CD-R or CD-RW and play them on our MP3 and WMA compatible headunits. You'll also be surprised to find that our players support ID3 Tags and WMA text, which display artist, title, track and album information.
Hi-Volt (5V) Pre-Outs
If you decide to connect an amplifier to the DEH-P7800MP, its three Hi-Volt (5V) pre-outs will deliver a clean, powerful signal path. The higher the volts that a pre-out provides, the better the signal strength to your amp, and then your amp doesn't have to work as hard. These Hi-Volt pre-outs help give you better dynamics, crisper highs, and big, deep bass.
Built-in Auxiliary Input
The DEH-P7800MP features a new built-in AUX input, which can be easily connected with a wide range of external devices, such as digital audio players. Simply connect a mini-jack cable to the connector on the back of the unit.
Satellite Radio Ready? Ready.
Satellite Radio. It's digital, high-quality programming beamed from satellites. And the signal that doesn't fade, no matter where you drive. It offers commercial-free music of nearly every genre, plus talk, news, sports, weather, and more. There are two companies that offer this great product — XM Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio — and the DEH-P7800MP is compatible with both of these subscription-based services. So you choose. You'll just need a Pioneer digital satellite tuner to match the satellite service you select.
iPod Adapter Ready with New Full Control
Attention current and future iPod owners: this deck can be your gateway to taking your iPod music collection on the road! The CD-IB100II (or CD-IB100) iPod Adapter is available to add to your Pioneer headunit. Once you connect this adapter, you can control your iPod through the headunit and even view album, artist, and other music info on its display. iPod interface has improved with "Full iPod Control" with key features including control by Rotary Commander which is similar to actual iPod control. You can easily scroll through lists and there is also a multi-line display and list search available. The Pioneer iPod adapter powers your iPod and even re-charges its internal battery. Just think: now you can play all of your iPod tunes via a powerful Pioneer mobile audio system!
iPod and iTunes are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. registered in the U.S. and other countries.
XM Satellite Radio is a subscription service not affiliated with Pioneer Electronics - service is available only in the 48 continental U.S. states (not available in Alaska, Hawaii, or U.S. territories). More information is available at www.xmradio.com.
Sirius Satellite Radio is a subscription service not affiliated with Pioneer Electronics - service is available only in the 48 continental U.S. states (not available in Alaska, Hawaii, or U.S. territories). More information is available at www.siriusradio.com


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All Sales 5412ICR Interior Dash Knob
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Greetings to everyone. I regret having to write this letter, because it's in regard to law enforcement. About three months ago, I accidentally left my checkbook at the checkout counter in a local store. I'm not careless about important things, but I was feeling ill. I went back to look for it and was informed that the person in line "after me" had taken it.
Yes, I am upset; I immediately reported this to the police department and also made a trip to the bank to change my checking account number (I was taking all kinds of precautions to protect myself). I had already sent checks off for payments, so those would come in on my closed account. I pleaded with the bank to work with me in regards to my problem. They did not do it. It was not their problem my checks were returned to those businesses. I had to pay a fee for the returned checks plus another fee because then my payments were late. No consciences for some people.
It was a big upsetting mess. As if this were not enough, the people at the store said that the person who took my checkbook had been back in the store, but it's not up to them to do anything about what happened to me. The police department has a video from the store. They too know who the thief is, but they are sitting on the case. Between the store, the bank and the BPD, we have some happy thieves out there. That's what I call elderly abuse.
I am almost 69 years old and in poor health. I live on $718 a month – as they say, a "Ramen noodle budget." I am hurting financially and this problem is putting a real mental strain on me.
What's going on in Beeville? No justice?
Ortencia C. Cantu


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Benelli's R1 big game rifle recently got bigger. The R1 is now
available in .338 Winchester Magnum, considered one of the most
respected North American big game cartridges that's suitable for
hunting large game like brown bear, moose and elk and Africa's
largest plains game. The Benelli R1 with ComforTech®
is currently available in .30-06, .300 Win. Mag., and the latest
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allows you to get back on target faster than the R1 with
ComforTech®—just the ticket for hunting game anywhere
in the world.
Pairing R1's ComforTech® recoil dampening stock with
Benelli's ultra-reliable A.R.G.O. piston-driven system really takes
the sting out of recoil. Imagine a .300 Winchester Magnum that feels
like you're shooting a light .270 and you'll understand what this
hunting rifle from Benelli is all about. To put it more graphically,
other high-powered hunting rifles kick about twice as hard.
On August 4, 1998 Benelli delivered five shotgun samples
featuring the A.R.G.O. system to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The
guns were put through an intensive, grueling test for safety, function
and performance. Subjecting them to mud, sand, baking heat and extreme
cold, the guns beat out the competition to be chosen as the new U.S.
"Joint Service Combat Shotgun." Benelli's patented Auto-Regulating
Gas-Operated (A.R.G.O.) system has more than met the needs of the U.S.
Marines' M1014 semiautomatic � an ultra-reliable, battle-proven
The A.R.G.O. Piston-Driven System is also the heart of the
Benelli's R1 and MR1 rifles, featuring simplicity, sturdiness and
accuracy, all packaged in an ingenious design.
Upon firing a Piston-Driven gun, single port, located just
forward of the chamber, bleeds gases where they are hotter and cleaner.
The results are less fouling and more reliable cycling. A short-stroke,
self-cleaning piston and two tappet pistons push directly against the
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action bars. Because the pistons push directly against the bolt, they
move only ½-inch for complete and rapid cycling with minimum vibration.
Type of Sights: Receiver is drilled and tapped for scope mount;
picatinny rail is included; open sights are available for purchase
Length of Pull: 14"
Drop at Heel: 1-3/4"
Drop at Comb: 1-1/4" Comb: Raised comb included.4 + 1 capacity
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- Montevideo
Uruguay Travel Information
- Uruguay safe for a vacation?
- Uruguay a safe destination !!!
- Got a question or comment about Uruguay? Ask a Travel Expert!
The Basics
Electrical current is 220 volts, 50Hz. There are various types of plugs in use, including 'Schuko' plugs and receptacles with side grounding contacts, and the plugs commonly used in Australia.
The official language is Spanish.
Travel Health
A hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for visitors to Uruguay, and a yellow fever vaccination is required for those arriving from infected areas. Travellers are advised to take precautions against mosquito bites because of a high risk of dengue fever.
Medical facilities in Uruguay are adequate for general problems, with 24-hour emergency care available at the British Hospital in Montevideo. Most doctors and hospitals expect payment in cash. Serious medical problems require air evacuation to a country with better medical facilities, therefore comprehensive travel health insurance is strongly recommended. Pharmacies supply most drugs and medications imported from the USA or Europe, many of which are available without a prescription. Visitors are advised to take sensible precautions regarding the consumption of food and water; bottled or purified water should be used, and food should be eaten washed, peeled and/or well cooked.
Tipping is discretionary in Uruguay, but a gratuity of between five percent and 10 percent of the bill is usually offered in restaurants. Rounding up the bill is sufficient for taxi drivers, and hotel porters receive about US$1 per bag.
Safety Information
Visits to Uruguay are generally trouble free, with a a low risk of terrorism and no political instability to speak of. There are occurrences of street crime in Montevideo, but police patrols are active and act as a good deterrent; in fact, Uruguay is renowned for having very low crime by South American standards. Visitors should, however, take sensible precautions with their valuables and when using ATMs.
Local Customs
Uruguay is a secular and progressive state, and is welcoming to gay and lesbian visitors. Avoid making critical comments about the country, or comparing it to Argentina, Chile and Paraguay. In conversation, Uruguayans are direct and stand close together, and it is considered rude to back away. Close acquaintances may greet with a kiss on the cheek, but a handshake will suffice for introductions. While gender equality is progressive in Uruguay, women may experience a fair amount of attention, including staring and comments, that can at times border on harassment but is largely ignored.
Uruguayans enjoy discussing politics and answering questions about their country. Meetings tend to be highly formal but seldom start on time. Most businessmen speak English but always arrange for an interpreter as a sign of consideration.
The international direct dialling code for Uruguay is +598. The government-operated telephone service is efficient. Area codes are in use for cities, e.g. (0)2 for Montevideo. ANTEL is the major mobile phone operator and a GSM 1800 network is available with good coverage in urban areas. Internet cafes are available in Montevideo and the main towns.
Duty Free
Visitors to Uruguay do not need to pay customs duty on 400 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 500g of tobacco; two litres of alcohol; two items of electrical or optical equipment (including cameras); and up to 5kg of foodstuffs.
Become our Uruguay Travel Expert
We are looking for contributors for our Uruguay travel guide. If you are a local, a regular traveller to Uruguay or a travel professional with time to contribute and answer occasional forum questions, please contact us.
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Intrepid Travel is one of the world's leading suppliers of small group adventures focused on getting off the beaten track and having real life experiences in Uruguay.


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Product Description
"Layers of blue mountains, the thin smile of a crescent moon, a pair of bunnies playing in a meadow, the elusive mystery of a black bear, the heart-touching beauty of a small blue violet are a few of the things that inspire me to create pictures." This begins Debbie Littledeer's wonderful artist statement.
Children to Love is part of the Benjamin and Iris series by Debbie Littledeer. Benjamin first spotted Iris singing in the choir, and he was smitten. They fell in love, got married, and soon thereafter had a bunch of baby bunnies!
Image is 5 3/4 inches square, mounted in a 10 inch square, white matte.
Artist statement included.


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I have been on the hunt for some vintage glass Christmas ornaments for a while now. Not aggressively, but keeping my eyes pealed. And I haven't had much luck – until a couple of weeks ago.
And there they were just piled up on a wall, waiting to get smashed. (Sadly, a couple already had.) I was so excited to rescue them and give them a loving home. (The random 80's teddy bears in pioneer clothes and anthropomorphic snowballs that were mixed in will probably go right back to the thrift store.)
I've hung a couple on the tree, but I'm a little tentative because of these cute chuckleheads who proudly "decorated" the tree for me. (If I was totally awesome, I would have just left it like that all month.)


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The deadline for submitting entries for this year's bow hunts is noon on Aug. 22. The 17th annual bow hunt for white-tail deer and feral hogs will take place from the end of September to the beginning of January.
The bow hunts are restricted to the use of archery equipment and will be held on 15 consecutive weekends beginning on the weekend of Sept. 26 and ending on the weekend of Jan. 2-4, 2015.
On the first weekend of archery season, legal hunting is only allowed on Saturday and Sunday. For the remaining weekends, hunters selected by random drawing will be allowed to pre-scout and begin hunting assigned areas on Friday of their hunting weekend, and continue through Sunday.
"These yearly hunts began in 1999 to help reduce the size of the deer herd that has continued to grow beyond the carrying capacity of the reservoir's lands, and to reduce the numbers of feral hogs that continue to increase in numbers and damage reservoir property. Each year the drawn hunters see a lot of deer," said GBRA Reservoir Ranger and Hunt Coordinator, Curtis Seiler.
The annual hunt takes place on more than 1,400 acres managed by GBRA around the reservoir, but not a part of the Coleto Creek Park. Hunters will be allowed to harvest two antlerless deer and an unlimited number of feral hogs. Hunters may apply for the hunts individually or as a group of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 per party. Each individual or group will be assigned a specific hunt area dependent on the size of the group. The fee to hunt per weekend will be $150 per hunter.
To enter the random drawing for the hunts, send a 3.5x5.5 postcard that includes a name, address, daytime phone number, email address, and all names of those in the hunting party. Each hunter may submit a postcard in his/her own name.
Send to GBRA bow hunt, Coleto Creek Park, P.O. Box 68, Fannin, TX 77960 or drop off at the Coleto Creek Park office at 365 Coleto Park Rd.
Each individual is limited to only one postcard entry. No email entries will be accepted. Only those applicants drawn will be notified of the results of the annual draw.
For more information, contact Wilfred Korth, Chief Ranger, at the Coleto Creek Office at 361-575-6366 or email to email@example.com.


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"I started listening to Catholic Answers Live when I was struck down by an illness that basically left me bedridden. This left me questioning my faith and mortality, and my son introduced the Catholic Answers Live podcast to me. Listening to all the guests explain and defend the Catholic Faith has been instrumental. Has Catholic Answers made a difference in my life? It has become part of my life!"
~ Robyn, Australia
"Holy Father, now I believe."
~ Bishop Edward Fitzgerald of Little Rock, Arkansas; one of only two bishops at Vatican Council I who had opposed the definition of papal infallibility in the final vote; publicly acknowledging his acceptance of the truth thus defined.


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Hubert Silly is one of Columbus' biggest property investors and the city's No. 1 code-enforcement headache.
He's an educator with a doctorate who bought dozens of run-down houses in some of Columbus' poorest neighborhoods. He named his real-estate company, Miromesnil Investment LLC, after a street where he works.
That would be Rue de Miromesnil.
In Paris, France.
Rue de Miromesnil is lined with art galleries, posh jewelry stores and swanky apartments renting for $5,000 a month. It's a five-minute walk from the famed Champs-Elysees in the heart of one of the most expensive cities in the world.
The ocean between Silly and his properties creates problems for Columbus city officials trying to force him to fix his blighted properties. Miromesnil is the city's top code violator, amassing 208 citations since 2008.
But the geographic issues pale in comparison to the fact that Silly created his business as a limited-liability company, a legal entity that helps shield owners from personal responsibility and debt — and often cloaks their identities. Scores of Columbus properties owned by LLCs such as Miromesnil sit boarded up. They are vacant and rotting, frustrating neighbors and community leaders.
Ohio law has made such companies virtually untouchable and their owners often untraceable.
"If you have an LLC that walks away from a property, how do you hold an LLC responsible if there are no human beings responsible?" said Columbus City Attorney Richard C. Pfeiffer Jr.
Miromesnil isn't the only out-of-town, limited-liability company whose lax upkeep has harmed Columbus neighborhoods, a seven-month Dispatch investigation found.
Others include OH Seven LLC and PA Seven LLC, both based in Columbia, S.C., which have racked up 71 and three violations, respectively, since 2008, and Go Invest Wisely LLC, a Utah-based company that bought and sold distressed and vacant houses, with 138 violations.
Others hail from New Jersey and Washington state. Some are as close as Westerville. And in many cases, they are holding neighborhoods hostage.
Of the top 20 code violators in Columbus since 2008, in terms of numbers of violations, 13 are limited-liability companies.
Ohio allowed the creation of limited-liability companies in 1994 after the Internal Revenue Service issued favorable rulings for these types of entities. LLCs provide the limited liability of corporations with the tax advantages of partnerships. They protect the individual members of the LLC while often making it difficult to find out who is behind them.
"We find that human beings are often hiding behind LLCs," Pfeiffer said.
The business community pushed to form these more-flexible creations, said J. Anthony Kington, a Columbus lawyer and expert on LLCs. Ohio jumped on board after more than 30 states had enacted similar legislation. Former state Sen. Roy L. Ray, R-Akron, championed the law. All 50 states now allow LLCs.
While Miromesnil is No. 1 when it comes to code violations, its problems stretch beyond property maintenance.
It owed $42,834 in back taxes on 42 properties, according to the Franklin County treasurer's office, before Silly made payments totaling $1,157 on two properties on Oct. 22.
The county placed tax liens on two properties, at 2084 Berrell Ave. and 1522 Republic Ave., both in the Linden area, according to the Franklin County auditor's office. Tax-foreclosure cases are pending on three other properties. And that's not all.
On Oct. 24, Columbus' income-tax office sent Silly a letter saying that it had no account for Miromesnil, which must report profits or losses from rental property.
In emails, by phone and in person, Silly told The Dispatch he has been trying to dig himself out of a mess.
"I have made no money so far," he said.
Since 2008, city lawyers have filed 14 criminal and civil charges against Miromesnil properties in Franklin County Environmental Court.
That includes one that Columbus prosecutors filed on Oct. 22 for 16 vacant properties with a host of violations: homes not boarded properly, broken windows, damaged roofs, exposed wood, missing gutters, missing or loose brick on chimneys.
"We will be seeking demolition or bringing them into compliance," said Jaiza Page, an assistant city attorney.
Silly acknowledges that his properties are hurting Columbus neighborhoods. He said on Oct. 29 that six of the 16 houses have been repaired, and he is trying to make things right with the others.
Pfeiffer hopes so.
"If he is sincere about that, fine," he said. "If he walks away from it and stays in France, what are we going to do?"
Real-estate gold in Columbus
Silly's dream after his 2010 divorce was to start anew, making money from rental properties in Ohio.
"I thought I would make my life in America," Silly said from France.
Silly's original intention was to buy properties in Columbus, rehabilitate them and turn them into rental properties with federally subsidized rents for poor people, said Luke Lumsden, a Worthington real-estate broker who managed Silly's Columbus portfolio.
Why Columbus? "The properties are very cheap," Silly said.
He bought more than 40 properties for about $360,000, each at an average of about $8,600. The most he paid was $15,750. The least was $3,500.
But he renovated only five of the properties. He rents out two, at 2084 Berrell Ave. near Linden and at 54 S. Richardson Ave. on the Hilltop.
Since 2010, in six criminal cases, Miromesnil has been found guilty and fined a total of $820, generally for homes that weren't secured.
"We were told he was going to try to fix the ones that weren't too bad," Page said. "He hasn't really done anything."
His houses continue to degrade the neighborhoods, she said.
For example, Miromesnil Investment LLC bought a Linden duplex at 1154-1156 E. 23rd Ave. for $7,100 in September 2010. The 71-year-old property had changed hands nine times since 2003. It is one of the 16 properties listed in the city's most recent complaint against Miromesnil.
The duplex is vacant. Taped to a side door is a faded note that reads, "I Do Not Stay In This Dump Anymore. I have not lived in it for about 2 weeks. Now you can keep it and the trash in it."
Yolanda Foster lives next door in a rent-to-own house built by Homeport, a Columbus-based nonprofit developer.
Foster, 42, worries about what could happen next door. She has seen a man with tools eyeing the property. She wonders if he was going to strip out plumbing or other valuables. What if someone tries to squat inside when it gets cold this winter and starts a fire?
"People pull up in front and just sit there," she said.
Someone cut the grass recently, she said. She doesn't know who.
Foster treats her yard with insect spray so that neighborhood cats won't bring bugs into her yard from the Miromesnil property and another vacant duplex with broken windows next door.
That duplex is owned by yet another LLC, Four Corners Investment, its address a Westerville post-office box.
Who is behind Four Corners? Its former statutory agent, Kington, the Columbus lawyer, said he can't recall.
Kington used to receive correspondence from city code officers about violations. "I would forward them and get no response," said Kington, who recalled that he felt that he was sending them into a "black hole."
Limited-liability companies shield their members from personal liability.
So, for example, if someone slips on a porch and hurts himself, he can sue and try to collect from the company but not the individuals who own it.
LLCs also present a challenge for prosecutors.
"If we file a criminal charge against an LLC and no attorney shows up to represent the LLC in a criminal proceeding, we can do nothing to the LLC," Pfeiffer said.
He said that a Cleveland judge was so frustrated that he tried an LLC without representatives of the company in court. The Ohio Supreme Court reversed his decision, Pfeiffer said.
The Ohio secretary of state's office lists a legal contact who might or might not be one of the owners.
Page, the assistant city attorney, said that while Silly has a statutory agent and lawyers in Columbus, prosecutors still have to send legal filings to Paris. "As far as getting service, it's difficult," Page said.
Donna Hicho, executive director of the Greater Linden Development Corp., said that many times these companies have no connection to the community. "They have no clue as to the devastation they are doing," Hicho said.
A lot of companies that bought in bulk are based out of state, and it is hard to track down the principals, Hicho said.
"It's devastating to neighborhoods, it really is. It's particularly frustrating with individuals who aren't from Ohio. They're making it hard for our neighborhood to be healthy and successful."
Juawann Ambler has lived in Silly's Berrell Avenue house for two years with Canetha Flagg, the leaseholder. Ambler has cut the grass at some of Silly's properties.
Ambler said Lumsden, Silly's property manager, has responded quickly when he has called about problems, including a backed-up water line.
But he and Flagg were unaware of a tax lien on the house. And Flagg doesn't want to move.
"Can't afford to go anywhere else," said Flagg, 40, who moved to Columbus from Dayton two years ago. Berrell Avenue is quiet, she said. And she doesn't want to move deeper into the Linden area. " Too rough and tough up there," she said.
Too many properties?
Silly, 45, has a doctorate in education. He said he studied at Harvard and Yale and founded the MBA Center in Paris.
Lumsden said Silly might have scooped up too many properties too quickly.
"He ran out of money for a while. He didn't have the money to pay general contractors," Lumsden said.
But Silly blames his problems on people he hired in Columbus.
According to Silly, he began buying the houses in 2010 through Lumsden. He said he sent $200,000 here between June 2012 and May 2013 for Lumsden to renovate his portfolio and rent the houses. "Not a single cent was used to renovate the properties," he said.
Lumsden said he received $158,636 from January 2012 to June 2013, providing The Dispatch with a list of payments. He said he can account for the money, which he said went to pay attorney fees and for rehabs of some houses. "If I'm guilty of something, then take me to court," he said.
During an October visit, Silly said that he has hired a new property manager to help fix up 30 of his properties and find tenants for them. He might sell some of the rest, although he acknowledged that some are in such bad shape that they will have to be demolished.
"I bought these houses to renovate them and rent them," said Silly, who said he has been to Columbus 14 times to check on things since 2010. He said he has canceled classes at his Paris-based college-preparation testing center to make trips to Columbus.
"It's a nightmare to come here," said Silly, who looked tired during his early morning interview after five days of visiting properties. He then went to county offices to begin paying back property taxes before his flight home.
He said he was unaware of laws in the United States requiring vacant properties to be boarded up and lawns to be cut.
Silly also said he did not fully realize the poor condition of some of the neighborhoods where he bought properties. Now, he is paying for it.
"We are doing our best," he said. "I don't want to give up."
William Fergus Jr., a lawyer who represented Miromesnil in Columbus, said someone in New York trying to act as an investment intermediary told Silly about low-income rental opportunities in Columbus.
"It's probably not a very good deal for him," said Fergus, who represented Silly until a dispute over legal fees in May 2012. "He spent a lot of money on those properties. You're not getting any return on those properties if those properties are going to waste."
Target for investors
In 2004, another out-of-state company scooped up hundreds of houses in Columbus' poorest neighborhoods and then left them to rot.
Stillwater Asset-Backed Fund, a New York hedge fund, bought 326 houses that soon became code-enforcement nightmares. The properties were tangled in a massive fraud that sent some local real-estate speculators to prison and left the city without an owner to hold accountable.
In the mid-2000s, the city was writing as many as 40 violations a week with few results.
Since 2008, the city has filed 94 code-enforcement cases against Stillwater's properties. The company sold at least five dozen properties to other out-of-state limited-liability companies, which also failed to correct code violations left by Stillwater.
In 2010, the city began acquiring the most blighted Stillwater properties and has taken over ownership of 18.
Today, three houses remain in Stillwater's name. All have current code violations for overgrown yards and deteriorating exteriors.
But other limited-liability companies tied to Stillwater, including Birch Commons LLC, Home Landings LLC and Kingdom Twice LLC, still own scattered properties in town. Those three entities have accumulated 238 code violations since 2008.
The Stillwater mess is a stark reminder of why the city needs to address these situations early, said Dana Rose, Columbus' code enforcement administrator.
Nan Whaley, a Dayton city commissioner and mayor-elect, serves on a committee of public officials, bankers and the nonprofit Greater Ohio Policy Center that has been meeting for about a year to discuss crumbling neighborhoods.
The committee wants to propose state legislation to require local contact numbers on deeds for LLCs, which officials could call with concerns about properties.
Whaley believes the banks will agree to the proposal, since in Dayton the banks are taking better care of their properties than the LLCs.
Without a local contact for LLCs, finding responsible parties can be difficult, Whaley said.
Kington, the lawyer, has helped form LLCs for years. He said state law already requires that LLCs have registered agents who could be served with legal papers. "Going beyond that is not going to be viewed as business-friendly," he said.
"Some people form LLCs for anonymous ownership for legitimate business purposes, not because they're deadbeats," he said.
Meanwhile, out-of-state companies continue to buy properties in Columbus and Hubert Silly says he will continue to try to make things right from across the ocean.


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Barbara Jordan Freedom Foundation School Discipline: Implementing Reforms at the District Level
Date: Monday, February 20, 2012
The Barbara Jordan Freedom Foundation, in collaboration with the Center for Health and Social Policy (CHASP) at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at The University of Texas at Austin, presented a symposium focused on the issues of school discipline and the juvenile justice system on Monday, February 20. The event, which took place the week of Barbara Jordan's birthday, was co-sponsored by the William Wayne Justice Center at the University of Texas School of Law.
The statements made here represent the speakers' own thoughts. Neither the LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, nor any organization providing support for this effort necessarily endorses the views and statements included here.