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Arade River Shipwrecks
FilipeCastro (Talk | contribs)
FilipeCastro (Talk | contribs)
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16. Luis Sacramento personal communication.
16. Luis Sacramento personal communication.
17. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 1 - The Site - ShipLab Report 3. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 2 - The Hull - ShipLab Report 5. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 3 - The Artifacts - ShipLab Report 6. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, Filipe, "Archaeology and Dredges: the Arade River Archaeological Complex", ''International Journal of Nautical Archaeology'' (2005) 34.1:72-83.
17. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 1 - The Site- ShipLab Report 3. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 2 - The Hull- ShipLab Report 5. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 3 - The Artifacts- ShipLab Report 6. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, Filipe, "Archaeology and Dredges: the Arade River Archaeological Complex", ''International Journal of Nautical Archaeology'' (2005) 34.1:72-83.
18. Loureiro, V., and Alves, J., "The Arade 1 Shipwreck: Preliminary Results of the 2004 and 2005 Field Seasons" ''The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology'' (2008) 37.2: 273–282.
18. Loureiro, V., and Alves, J., "The Arade 1 Shipwreck: Preliminary Results of the 2004 and 2005 Field Seasons" ''The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology'' (2008) 37.2: 273–282.
Revision as of 15:11, 20 November 2010
(this article is incomplete)
Exposed during dredging operations in 1970, the Arade 1 shipwreck was photographed and inspected by amateur archaeologists during the following summers. Since there were very few artifacts on this site, the shipwreck was quickly forgotten. During the decade that followed its discovery, the Arade 1 hull decayed, broke flat, and was covered by sediments. In the summer of 2001 the now extinct Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática (CNANS) - at the time the Portuguese state agency for Nautical Archaeology - invited Texas A&M University and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology to co-direct a project of survey and excavation of several sites on the mouth of the Arade River, near the city of Portimão, in Portugal. The Arade 1 shipwreck was relocated by CNANS and an agreement was secured with the local municipality (and museum) for a long-term project, which was designated ProArade. A Nautical Archaeology Program field school was integrated in the project.
Historical Background
The mouth of the Arade River has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age. It is believed that during the 6th century BC this area possessed a fairly important harbor - Portus Hanibalis - built by the Carthaginian general Amilcar either on the mouth of the Arade River, or on the nearby small inlet of Alvor. Later, a predominantly rural Roman occupation of this area is well documented by the ruins of several Roman villas.
During the subsequent Arab occupation of this territory - from AD 715 to 1250 - the village of Silves, a few miles upstream, became an important urban center, and traffic through the Arade River intensified. In AD 966 a fleet of 28 Viking ships was sighted of the coast of Portugal. A Muslim fleet left Seville as soon as possible and engaged the vikings in the Arade River. According to the Arab chronicler many Vikings were killed and many vessels sunk. The remaining enemies fled, and the Arab prisoners that had been taken were rescued. At the time Portimão was a small settlement, or a small aggregate of scattered houses on the landscape. An account of the conquest of Silves by an anonymous crusader who took part in the 1189 attack mentions the destruction of Alvor, where a castle was burned and the entire population - said to be around 5,000 people - was put to death. A number of country houses were left burning but the crusaders at the mouth of the Arade River.
In the 13th century the Portuguese conquest - the so-called Reconquista - of the southern portion of today's Portugal, named Algarve, brought new settlements and new settlers to the mouth of the Arade. From a small settlement in the mid-13th century, the future Portimão became a village with about 40 households in 1463, named São Lourenço da Barroza, and possibly dedicated to the fishing of tuna, an ancient activity in the region. On a curious note, the remains of this early settlement are said to have been exposed on November 1st 1755, after a series of tidal waves - which are said have been over 10 m high, following the earthquake that stroke Portugal on that morning - hit the mouth of the river.
Because it was very exposed to pirate incursions, the village was fortified in the second half of the 15th century. By 1615 there were 1802 inhabitants in Portimão, which was only one of five settlements situated nearby: Alvor, Silves, Estombar, and Ferragudo. Two fortresses were built in the first decades of the 17th century in order to protect the river from constant incursions of Muslim and Protestant ships. By 1622 the mouth of the Arade River was protected by the fortress of São João on the left margin and the Santa Catarina fortress on the right margin of the river.
In spite of the two small sand banks that divided the river into three channels until the early 20th century, its course was navigable upstream past the city of Silves as late as the 17th century. The 1755 tidal waves are said to have caused major changes in the shape of these channels. The river course is said to have shifted about 1 Km west after November 1755's earthquake. In spite of the progressive silting of the river, the largest channel - the eastern one - was still 4.8 m deep on the high tide periods as late as the 18th century.
All these centuries of occupation and maritime activity made the mouth of the Arade River an enormous garbage dump. Many artifacts were thrown, abandoned or lost in the river during the more than 25 centuries of documented human activity on this area. After the first major dredging works, carried out in this area between June and November of 1970, the mouth of the river fell under the attention of beachcombers and artifact collectors. The sand removed from the river bottom was deposited on a nearby beach, called Praia da Rocha. Since 1970 perhaps thousands of artifacts were found there by tourists, fishermen, local beach restaurant owners, and interested collectors. Some made it to the museum of Portimão, some were lost for lack of conservation treatment, and some were sold in the antique markets. One largely intact Roman shipwreck is said to have been salvaged and all amphorae sold, after being dried on the roof of one of the divers involved.1
More important than loose artifacts were however the several hull remains which are reported to have been hit by the dredges in that year. Five or six shipwrecks were exposed during the dredging works in 1970. Then, in 1980, dredging works were responsible for the complete destruction of what was left from the Roman shipwreck. The decade of the 1990s would witness more dredging works at the Arade River mouth, but this time the sediments were deposited in the sea, making it impossible to know what or how much was destroyed. Finally, dredging for the construction of a sports harbor - which was followed by a team of CNANS archaeologists - lead to the destruction of another three shipwrecks that laid buried on the left margin of the river, although of quite recent origin and allegedly "of no archaeological interest."
The balance of the dredging interventions on the Arade River estuary in recent times looks quite sad. In spite of the public outcry the port authorities dredged this area repeatedly in the last three decades of the 20th century, carrying on the destruction of the underwater cultural heritage in total disregard of the press and the local groups of pressure.
One of these groups, Grupo de Estudos Oceânicos (GEO), has been very vocal in their protests against the destruction of Portimão's underwater cultural heritage. After the creation, in 1997, of the Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática (CNANS), a state agency for nautical archaeology, the status quo changed noticeably. In collaboration with GEO, state archaeologists promoted and organized a campaign of survey and excavation of the Arade shipwrecks, starting in 2000. Some of the Arade ship remains may have been destroyed forever, and some have yet to be located. New relevant sites were located in the survey carried out by the GEO team during 2000 and 2001, which covered an area close to 1,000,000 m2.
In the summer of 2001 a team of CNANS and GEO initiated the excavation of several sites located by GEO in the previous two years. The results were extremely promising, and another field season was planned for the following year. Four sites were excavated and recorded during the summer of 2002 by a team gathering divers and archaeologists from four different institutions: the Portuguese Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática (CNANS) and Grupo de Estudos Oceânicos (GEO), the Brazilian Universidade de São Paulo, and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology / Texas A&M University.
Description of the site
As mentioned above, the mouth of the Arade River has changed substantially in time. According to a 12th-Century report the mouth of the river was further out, near Ponta do Altar (Fig. 1), and the river ran close to the cliffs situated on its left margin2. This is confirmed in an 1800 report signed by Baltazer de Azevedo Coutinho, Captain of the Portuguese Royal Corp of Engineers 3. Previously encompassing a few small islets and sandbanks in middle of its present bed, the Arade River ran to the sea through three narrower channels. The earthquake of 1755 is said to have been at least partially responsible for the disappearance of these islets, and for the already mentioned shift of the river's course about one kilometer to the west. As a consequence of these changes and the silting provoked by the tidal waves of 1755, the Arade mouth presented a depth of only 4.80 m on high tide and 2.4 m at the lowest tide in the early 19th century 4. After 1755 an accumulation of sand on both margins of the Arade River mouth consolidated its new course, and winter floods broke through the SW channel. In the beginning of the 20th century the beauty of the landscape and the amenity of the climate brought the first families to spend holidays at Praia da Rocha, which was the best known and more frequented in the whole south of Portugal already by 1910.
Data from the period 1916-1926 shows that the mouth of the Arade River was very unstable, with depths varying widely, as the main channel path varied. In 1926 and 1927 the sandbanks were dredged for the first time, as a developing fishing industry, associated to a growth of a young preserve industry, called for better conditions for the vessels entering and leaving the river. Although impressive - a total of 360.000 m3 of sand were dredged and deposited on the bottoms in front of Ponta do Altar promontory - these dredging works were not very successful, as the river quickly re-established its ancient form. By 1936 the river mouth was again shallow and unstable. But the dredging works had another effect: the large sandy stripe that formed Praia da Rocha started to diminish. During the decade of the 1950s two jetties were built to protect and regularize the mouth of the river, and allow the construction of a commercial harbor at Portimão. The construction of the first of two jetties that protect the harbor was started in 1948 and interrupted soon after. Started again in 1951, these long structures were soon ready. Although the expected regularization of the river bottom was achieved, the construction of the jetties may have impeded the natural shift of sediments along the coast, and furthered the disappearance of sand in Praia da Rocha, situated immediately to the west.
In 1968 an area inside the jetties - in the plan (Fig.11) marked "anteporto" - was dredged to a depth of eight meters, and the sand deposited in front of Praia da Rocha, in the hope that this could stop the disappearance of that beach. This strategy did not work, and in 1970 a large portion of this "anteporto" area was dredged again to a depth of eight meters. This time the sediments - about 830.000 m3 - were deposited on the beach (Praia da Rocha). During the course of these dredging works in the summer of 1970 five shipwreck hulls are said to have been hit by the dredges. In spite of all the attention given to this event by the local and national presses, including the national television, nothing was done on behalf of the shipwrecks, and they were either destroyed or left to rot, after being exposed on the slope of the dredged area. Maintenance of the depths obtained in 1970 forced other dredging campaigns during the decade of the 1980s, starting on that same year. Other shipwrecks are said to have been hit and partially or totally destroyed, generating further public outcry, which does not seems to have daunted neither the harbor authorities, nor the central government.
In the early 1980s a team from the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, under the direction of Francisco Alves, conducted a survey at the local, but did not find any of the shipwrecks. This action however triggered the interest of the Comissao Nacional Provisoria de Arqueologia Subaquatica, and the shipwrecks were given a certain level of protection as part of Portugal's cultural heritage by the government. Subsequent dredging works were conducted with less public outrage, since the sediments were dumped once again off Ponta do Altar, and although there are scattered reports of destruction and alleged plundering - curiously attributed to the destroyers themselves, the crews of the Dutch dredging ships contracted for the works - nobody knows exactly what or how much was destroyed.
In 1987 Museu Nacional de Arqueologia promoted a survey in the Arade mouth waters, under the direction of Jean-Yves Blot, but none of the sites could be located 5. In the following decade, the 1990s, legislation was issued that protected the Portuguese underwater cultural heritage, and forced the promoters of these type of works to evaluate its impact on the underwater cultural heritage. Moreover, the impunity with which the harbor authorities acted in the previous decades came to an end with the creation in 1997 of the Instituto Português de Arqueologia (IPA), a state agency charged with the coordination of national and local archaeological policies that included a department dedicated to the study and protection of the underwater cultural heritage (CNANS). In this context the harbor authority was barred from promoting further dredging works before the whole Arade estuary was surveyed and its important heritage recorded. An agreement was reached with the local municipality, CNANS, and GEO, especially active in the promotion of the regional underwater cultural heritage. During the summers of 1999 and 2000 the GEO divers surveyed an area of almost one square kilometer in mouth of the Arade River and located a large number of interesting spots, some consisting of only a few amphora shards, and other encompassing extensive hull remains.
In the summer of 2001 Texas A&M University was invited to participate in a closer inspection of the most promising sites located by the GEO team. With the help of one of the 1970 divers, Helder Mendes, one of these sites was immediately identified as one of the shipwrecks hit by the dredges in that year. It was decided to start an excavation of this site, which was designated Arade 1. The hull remains were partially excavated, and a 1/1 accurate drawing was done on perfectly horizontal transparent slates with one square meter each. During the following winter a team from the Nautical Archaeology Program (NAP) was invited by CNANS to complete the excavation and promote the study and publication of this shipwreck.
The Arade River Shipwrecks
There are many reports of shipwreck troves in the mouth of the Arade River. As it often happens, some of these reports are vague, others are contradictory, and some refer to sites that have long been destroyed, or simply to guns, iron anchors, or lead stocks that were removed by fishermen and sport divers, probably to end up melted or, in the case of the iron guns, slowly rotting away on the grass of some front yard. There is no information whether any shipwrecks were hit or destroyed during the 1926 and 1927 dredging works, but it is probable that many artifacts were removed from the Arade River mouth together with the 360.000 m3 of sediments dredged at the time.
In the late 1950s, or early 1960s, a bronze gun was found by divers of Grupo Desportivo da Sacor at the entrance of the river, on the area where know stands the left margin jetty. The gun disappeared before the finders could raise it and there is no trace of it anywhere ever since. Later, two shipwrecks were reported on the area between the jetties, one on the channel, immediately outside the line between the heads of the structures (Arade 8), and another near the head of the left margin jetty (Arade 7)6.
The 1970 dredging works exposed at least five old hulls, as the Dutch captain of the dredge told the press after the works were completed, and soon before leaving Portugal. The news of archaeological troves during the dredging operations had already spread during the summer, and some local inhabitants went to the place where the dredged sediments were dumped on the beach - at Praia da Rocha - to try to recover any antiques exposed7. Following an information of the captain of the dredge Mark - from the company Bos & Kalis, working as a subcontractor of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Dragagens - two rival groups of divers visited the Arade mouth and gathered data about three of shipwreck sites.
It is not sure whether all these three ships had been sighted by the captain of the dredge Mark. As a matter of fact, it seems that six ships were exposed a consequence of the dredging works, and not five, as the captain informed 8.
Then, in 1975, future archaeologist Jean-Yves Blot and a group of sport divers - including local diver Luis Sacramento - found and made a preliminary sketch of a group of five iron guns off Praia dos Caneiros, at Ponta do Altar. Because of another group of guns found nearby some years later, this site is known as Ponta do Altar A and has been tentatively dated to the 18th century.
In the 1980's dredging works started again. At least one shipwreck was destroyed in 1982 (Arade 9), upstream from the former dredged area, near the commercial harbor, possibly the Roman ship mentioned above (Fig.15)9.
An unknown number of pewter ware pieces was found in the dredged sand by a bulldozer operator, and bought by a private amateur archaeologist who was trying to make a small museum at Cascais, in conjunction with the local municipality. This project never saw completion however, and the pewter pieces were later divided between privates and small museums.
Following the 1982 destructions the then director of Lisbon's Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Mr. Francisco Alves, brought the Comissão Nacional Provisória de Arqueologia Subaquática to propose legislation to protect the Arade shipwrecks. This legislation was approved in February 1984.10 In 1993, after a report by Luis Sacramento, eight bronze guns dating from the mid-16th century to 1606 were rescued by a team of the Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, possibly corresponding to the 1611 shipwreck of a Spanish vessel named Nuestra Señora del Socorro.11
Finally, in 1998, the remains of three ships presumably dating to the 19th or early 20th centuries were found during the construction of the marina of Portimão. At that time CNANS was accompanying the works and promoted a preliminary survey. Since these remains corresponded to recent ships, probably derelicts, the construction works were briefly stopped in order to make a quick sketch of the only vessel presenting structural coherence, referenced in this study as Arade 10 (Figs.17 and 19).
During the last years of the 1990s other remains have been surveyed and positioned by GEO, a local group of sport divers under the direction of Mr. Alberto Machado, who lead the campaign toward a larger public awareness of Arade's archaeological richness at the same time. Between 1998 and 2000 GEO's divers found ten sites of archaeological potential at the Arade's mouth. These sites have been numbered GEO1 to GEO10, and correspond to ship remains and parts, sometimes found as more or less coherent structures, sometimes as disassembled and scattered on the sea bed. The most interesting of these two areas so far are GEO 5, corresponding to well-preserved remains of a large late 19th century vessel, which was called Arade 13, and GEO 2, where a small plank showing mortise and tenon joinery was found and named optimistically Arade 14. At the end of the 2002 field season the total number of shipwrecks reported at the Arade River mouth amounted to fourteen.
The Arade 1 and Arade 2 Shipwrecks
It seems that the Arade 2 shipwreck of 1970 actually corresponded to two different shipwreck sites. As already mentioned above, during the dredging works of 1970 five hulls are said to have been partially destroyed. Two groups of sport divers visited two different shipwrecks each during in October 1970, and it has been assumed that these were the same two sites.
However, it seems that there were at least six shipwreck sites, and that the first group of divers - from the Centro Português de Actividades Subaquáticas (CPAS) - visited indeed the sites of shipwrecks Arade 1 and Arade 2. The second group of divers, however, - from the Federação Portuguesa de Actividades Subaquáticas (FPAS) - seems to have visited the sites of shipwrecks Arade 1 and Arade 6.
According to the testimonies of Mrs. Margarida Farrajota and Mr. Helder Mendes - who in 1970 were part of the first and the second group of divers respectively12 - the director of the harbor authority ordered the dredging works to stop upon learning from the captain of the dredge Mark that he had hit two shipwreck sites. Still according to these witnesses, the port authority director asked Mr. José Farrajota, the local delegate of Junta Nacional de Educação, which was the organism in charge of antiquities in Portugal at the time, to inspect the sites.
An archaeologist and member of CPAS, Mr. José Farrajota visited the site on October 10 and 11, 1970, with a team which included his daughter, Margarida Farrajota, Rui de Moura, Fernando Pina, and Jorge Albuquerque - then president of CPAS. Mr. Helder Mendes, a director at national television and member of the second diving group of divers - FPAS - was invited to join this team on the first day. Mr. Farrajota's team inspected the Arade 1 shipwreck site but could not see the Arade 2 site, for it had been covered with sediments during a recent storm. Later that week a team from FPAS also carried out a series of independent dives on the Arade 1 site, and found what we now believe to be a sixth shipwreck: Arade 6.
These diving expeditions produced a series of pictures, sketches, and measurements that have been extremely useful thirty years later. On the CPAS expedition Jorge Albuquerque and Fernando Pina took pictures and measurements and produced two good sketches of the Arade 1 vessel. We have six pictures from Jorge Albuquerque, and thirteen from Fernando Pina.13 Mr. José Farrajota wrote a report, and his daughter took extensive notes. On the FPAS expedition, which included Helder Mendes, Ricardo Costa also took pictures - two roles of film, of which we have twelve pictures.14 Another set of pictures is known, but their owner did not let us see them, claimimg that they would allow us to locate the Arade 6 shipwreck. Two years later, Mr. Helder Mendes produced a documentary for national television which was aired on July 4 1972 under the title The Mysterious Ships of the Arade River.15
During the investigations carried out by Mr. Francisco Alves, which included the analysis of an extensive file existing in CNANS' archives, and interviewing Mr. Helder Mendes it became clear that the Arade 1 shipwreck site was the same for both groups of divers. However, for the FPAS' group, the Arade 2 shipwreck was a lapstrake built ship presumably located upstream and near the Arade 1 site. For the CPAS group the Arade 2 site was located downstream, near the left jetty, and it was never actually visited since it had been already covered by sediments by October 10 1970, when it was inspected.
There are therefore no doubts that the Arade 1 was a flush laid hull, corresponding to the "position 1" on Fig. 19. As to the Arade 2 shipwreck, Mr. Farrajota marked it clearly near the jetty, in an almost symmetrical position relatively to Arade 1 on the basin dredged. Mr. Helder Mendes, however, is under the impression that it was located upstream from the Arade 1 site, possibly near the position marked on Fig. 20 as site "C". And he is sure that it was lapstrake built. A third witness, Mr. Luis Sacramento, a local diver and an old time friend of Dr. Alves, claims that Mr. Albuquerque's Arade 2 site had several guns, one of which - in bronze - was last seen on the deck of one of the dredges.
In spite of the sketches made at the time, and the pictures taken, thirty years later it was very difficult to make full sense of them. In the summer of 2001 a joint survey carried on by CNANS and the GEO group, with the help of Mr. Helder Mendes, lead to the discovery of several ship remains near the Arade 1 shipwreck area marked on CPAS report of 1970 (Fig. 20). The areas defined on this survey were designated as A1, B1, B2, and C, and several trenches were opened around them during the 2001 field season. Area A1 yielded the remains of a ship's hull, and its excavation started immediately under the direction of Mr. Francisco Alves, carried out by a joint CNANS/GEO team. On area B2 a frame from a lapstrake hull was found (Fig. 22) together with some lapstrake planking. We know now that the A1 vessel is the Arade 1 shipwreck, but we never found the Arade 6, lapstrake-built, shipwreck.16
Arade 1 Shipwreck
As mentioned above, all we know about the 1970 Arade 1 shipwreck we learned from the reports, pictures and sketches produced by the CPAS and FPAS teams. The report issued by CPAS was signed by civil engineer, archaeologist, and sport diver Jose Farrajota, and contained a detailed description of the shipwreck with two sketches and a scantling list. Further documents in CPAS archives contained important data, such as the portions of the shipwreck represented in each one of the nineteen pictures taken, or a map with the precise location of the Arade 1 shipwreck from alignments taken on the coast.
The information gathered by the team from FPAS was also very important. Mr. Helder Mendes is an historian, journalist, and television director who filmed a series of over 50 documentaries about the sea in the 1960s and 1970s - under the titles Segredos do Mar, and A terra, o Mar e a Gente. Jorge Albuquerque, an architect and a pioneer of sport diving in Portugal, was the author of the two sketches in Mr. Farrajota's report (Figs. 18 and 19). In these sketches the Arade 1 vessel shows a full, flush laid hull, with a small keel and a large keelson or mast step.
The pictures show a shipwreck built with flush laid planks fastened with treenails to the frames. On top of the upper ceiling strake there is a row of filler pieces in between the frames. These filler pieces are rounded on the inner edges, forming a smooth 90° curve, flush with the ceiling. This curve is continued between the filler pieces by smaller curves, which are propped against the inner face of the futtocks (Fig. 23). In 2002 CNANS and the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University carried out a joint excavation season.17 Following the 2002 field season the ship was disassembled and all its timbers raised and stored at the CNANS laboratory, where they underwent an extensive study.18
Arade 2 Shipwreck: CPAS' Arade 2 Shipwreck
Although we know that the captain of the dredge Mark dived on this shipwreck - from which the gun seen aboard the dredge by locals is said to have come19 - it had been completely covered by a SW storm when the team from CPAS visited the site, and there is no information on this ship.
Mr. Alberto Machado found an interesting clue for the localization of this shipwreck on a map with the water depths taken in 1977, long after the dredging works of 1970. Close to the place where CPAS' report placed the Arade 2 shipwreck, this map shows a rather pronounced mound projecting from the natural embankment. Future surveys may unveil the position of this ship.
Arade 6 Shipwreck: FPAS' Arade 2 Shipwreck
This ship is perhaps the most interesting of all the wrecks reported found in the Arade mouth. Built lapstrake according to the reports, it was immediately reported as a Viking ship, and was the reason why sketches, pictures, and wooden samples ended up in Roskilde.
A sketch made at the time by Helder Mendes shows a vessel deeply embedded in the silt with a depth in hold over 2 m half chewed by the dredge, and hanging on the slope.
It is hard to say how accurate these sketches are. For example, it should be mentioned that the lapstrake planking is represented inverted in Mr. Mendes' sketch.
A wood sample taken by Helder Mendes was sent to Groningen, in the Netherlands, and was dated by radiocarbon to the mid-16th century. Corrected with the calibration curves in present use, this date corresponds to a mid-17th century shipwreck.20
1. Robert F. Marx Personal communication
2. Gomes, Nelson Augusto, and Weinholtz, Manuel de Bivar, "Estudo da evolução do estuário do Arade e das praias adjacentes", Portos e Obras Marítimas, document from Direcção de Serviços Marítimos in the library of the Museu Municipal de Portimão: III-4-5.
3. Ibidem: III-4-5.
4. Loureiro, Adolpho, Op. cit.: 187.
5. Alves et. al.," Sistemas de deteccao geofisica em arqueonautica utilizados em Portugal: os casos do Arade 1, Redoutable e Alfeizerao," in Geociencias, 5.1: 135 (abstract).
6. Personal communication of Luis Sacramento to Francisco Alves.
7. Newspaper cut from Diario Popular of June 29, 1972 (in Alves, Francisco, "Acerca dos destrocos de dois navios descobertos durante as dragagens de 1970 na foz do Rio Arade (Ferragudo, Lagoa)", in As rotas oceanicas, Secs. XV-XVII, Lisboa: Ed. Colibri, 1999: 75). Also, Luis Sacramento, a local diver and old collaborator of CNANS, mentioned an iron gun and other artifacts being recovered by the dredges.
8. Helder Mendes, one the divers to visit the sites in 1970, is under the impression the clinker built ship found by his group had not been seen by the dredge crew.
9. Alberto Machado personal communication.
10. Alves, Francisco, "Acerca dos destrocos de dois navios descobertos durante as dragagens de 1970 na foz do Rio Arade (Ferragudo, Lagoa)", in As rotas oceanicas, Secs. XV-XVII, Lisboa: Ed. Colibri, 1999: 92.
11. Alves, Francisco, "Ponta do Altar B - Arqueologia de um naufrágio no Algarve nos alvores do século XVII." Arqueólogo Português, 4.8/10: 357-424. Lisboa: MNA, 1990-1992.
12. Already an old admirer of both Margarida Farrajota, and Helder Mendes, I am greatly indebted to them for their patience and willingness to search into their memories for the details of this old story.
13. We must thank again Margarida Farrajota, presently president of C.P.A.S., for all the data supplied.
14. In CNANS's archive, thanks to Helder Mendes and Alberto Machado.
15. Rádio Televisão Portuguesa, "Os misteriosos barcos do rio Arade," by Helder Mendes.
16. Luis Sacramento personal communication.
17. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 1 - The Site - ShipLab Report 3. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 2 - The Hull - ShipLab Report 5. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, F., The Arade 1 Ship - 2002 Field Season - Vol. 3 - The Artifacts - ShipLab Report 6. On file in IPA/CNANS' library, 2002, and in Nautical Archaeological Program Library, Texas A&M University, 2002. Castro, Filipe, "Archaeology and Dredges: the Arade River Archaeological Complex", International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (2005) 34.1:72-83.
18. Loureiro, V., and Alves, J., "The Arade 1 Shipwreck: Preliminary Results of the 2004 and 2005 Field Seasons" The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (2008) 37.2: 273–282.
19. Luis Sacramento personal communication to Dr. Alves.
20. Alves, Francisco J. S. & Soares, A. M. Monge & Cabral, J. M. Peixoto & Gomes, M. Varela & Ribeiro, M. I. M. (1994) - "Datações de radiocarbono relacionadas com o património arqueonáutico em Portugal", in Actas do 1º Congresso de Arqueologia Peninsular (Porto, 1993): Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia, Porto 34.3-4: 405- 411.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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#213232 - 11/14/13 09:38 PM Gettin' nowhere fast [Re: jenny jenny]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 08/06/01
Posts: 6943
Loc: Worcester, MA
NULLIGAN - took another swing, thank you, and missed the ball completely this time too.
#213242 - 11/15/13 10:25 PM While they mull call the police [Re: wofahulicodoc]
Registered: 06/05/10
Posts: 1554
Loc: Lower Aberdeen, Mississippi
MULLIGANG - an Irish street gang notorious for meeting at a local pub and mulling over plans to blow up parliament. At closing time they all go home to sober up to drink and mull and plot again tomorrow.
#213243 - 11/15/13 10:55 PM Last but not least [Re: jenny jenny]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 08/06/01
Posts: 6943
Loc: Worcester, MA
PRONUNCIATION: (roob)
MEANING: noun: An unsophisticated person from a rural area.
ETYMOLOGY: Shortened form of name Reuben. Earliest documented use: 1891. Also see "hey rube."
RUHE - original name of "All's Quiet on the Western Front" (prior to translation)
(Actually, the name was "Im Westen Nichts Neues." Nice try, doc, but not even close)
#213245 - 11/16/13 12:40 AM Re: Last but not least [Re: jenny jenny]
Registered: 11/16/13
Posts: 2
RUWE. A brand of pencil. Made by Ruwe pencil co., past CEO named Ruwe Halsey, who was grandson of Admiral Halsey of US Pacific fleet in WW II.
#213249 - 11/16/13 09:43 AM Least but hopefully not last [Re: Pfred]
Registered: 06/05/10
Posts: 1554
Loc: Lower Aberdeen, Mississippi
RUNE - a letter of the mystical German alphabet used in Scandinavia until the Middle Ages. As in:
Keeping time, time, time
In a sort of Runic rhyme
To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells
From the bells, bells, bells, bells
__________________________________ Poe
#213267 - 11/18/13 01:36 AM The early bird has more options [Re: jenny jenny]
Registered: 06/05/10
Posts: 1554
Loc: Lower Aberdeen, Mississippi
noun: A person who indulges in idle daydreaming or leads a life of luxurious ease, instead of dealing with practical matters.
From the lotus-eaters, people in Homer's Odyssey, who ate the lotus fruit that supposedly induced a dreamy forgetfulness. Earliest documented use: 1832.
LOCUS-EATERS - are hungry and avid readers of R A Lafferty's eclectic writings that Locus SF Magazine (the copyright owners of all of Lafferty's many books) has greedily witheld publication for three years in order to assuage an already eager market.
Since R A Lafferty was and is the most important writer of the 20th Century this is a most reprehensible act.
A spokeman for Locus has said that they will begin releasing Lafferty's short stories this month.
We shall see.
#213279 - 11/18/13 09:40 PM East is East and West is West [Re: jenny jenny]
Carpal Tunnel
Registered: 08/06/01
Posts: 6943
Loc: Worcester, MA
LOTUS-HATER -- if I have to go to one more Yoga class I'm going to SCREAM !!!
(contrast LOTUS-SEATER)
#213291 - 11/19/13 09:51 PM Life's a holiday [Re: wofahulicodoc]
Registered: 06/05/10
Posts: 1554
Loc: Lower Aberdeen, Mississippi
primrose path
PRONUNCIATION:(PRIM-rohz PATH)
1. An easy life, especially devoted to sensual pleasure.
2. A path of least resistance, especially one that ends in disaster.
From Latin prima rosa (first rose). Earliest documented use: 1604.
PRIMROSE MATH- the new math which is easier than the old math because the correct answer is the average of all the students answers.
#213295 - 11/20/13 11:56 AM Life's a holiday. Have a drink. [Re: jenny jenny]
Registered: 06/05/10
Posts: 1554
Loc: Lower Aberdeen, Mississippi
adjective: Cowardly or timid. ETYMOLOGY:
In earlier times, the liver was considered to be the seat of courage. Hence, lacking blood, a white liver, indicated lack of courage. Earliest documented use: 1616.
LILY-SLIVERED - a chief ingredient of the Choctaw Black Drink usually given as; a sliver of a lily freshly cut, the left eye of the false slink, the venom of three mudsnakes extracted when angry, a pinch of the poison nightshade plant finely powered.
To drink the Black Drink was said to restore courage.
#213302 - 11/21/13 01:44 AM Life's a holiday. Buy me a drink sub rosa, [Re: jenny jenny]
Registered: 06/05/10
Posts: 1554
Loc: Lower Aberdeen, Mississippi
sub rosa
PRONUNCIATION:(sub RO-zuh)
adverb: Secretly, privately, or confidentially.
From Latin sub (under) rosa (rose). Earliest documented use: 1654. The English term "under the rose" is also used to refer to something in secret.
SUB PROSA - obtuse legalese used by lawyers to befuddle thier clients into believing that they know mumbo jumbo words that are magic.
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Welcome to the Muppet Central Forum!
You are viewing our forum as a guest. Join our free community to post topics and start private conversations. Please contact us if you need help with registration or your account login.
Christmas Music
Our 16th annual Christmas Music Marathon is underway on Muppet Central Radio. Listen to the best Muppet Christmas music of all-time through December 25.
Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas
The Muppets show how "the most unfriendly street in town" transformed into Sesame Street in this new, one-hour Christmas special.
Christmas Shopping
Get great deals and go Christmas shopping for everyone on your list! From Blu-rays and DVDs to Plush and Toys to Collector's Books you'll find something for everyone.
The Muppets Open Macy's Parade
On Thanksgiving morning, the Muppets kicked off the 90th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. Let us know your thoughts on this anticipated appearance.
Article on the Grogs and Nana'lan
Discussion in 'Puppet News' started by Buck-Beaver, Jan 29, 2004.


text:
Brazil's newest "love hotel" stands apart from the rest not for its amenities but its clientele -- dogs.
That's right, a brother and sister in the southeastern city of Belo Horizonte have devoted an entire floor of their eight-story Animalle Mundo Pet to doggie trysts, Agence France-Press reported.
Discerning dog owners pay $50 a day for a room to breed their canines, complete with dimmed lighting and even a heart-shaped mirror on the ceiling and red cushions on the floor, according to The New York Times.
"For many people, the dog is a child who must be well treated," 26-year-old hotel co-owner Fabiano Lourdes told the economic daily Valor. "Our market studies showed that people work all day long and they do not know where to drop their pets for mating."
He and his sister, Daniela, invested $1 million in the venture and hope similar hotels will sprout up elsewhere in Brazil.
Besides "mating services," Animalle Mundo Pet features a store filled with items like beef-flavored Dog Beer (nonalcoholic), a dog spa with a Japanese ofuro soaking tub, and canine apparel emblazoned with the symbols of the local soccer clubs Atlético Mineiro and Cruzeiro, according to The Times.


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Which presidents were most unhealthy
Published On: Sep 27 2012 11:55:46 AM PDT Updated On: Oct 31 2012 01:59:56 PM PDT
The health of a president can change the attitude of a nation -- or the course, if he dies. Take a look at how healthy some of our past leaders were.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to our Terms of Use.


text:
(COLUMBUS, Ohio) -- Imagine trying to learn to read if this sentence actually looked like this:
Ignmiea rtiyng to leanr to rade if this eesnetcen acutaulyl loodek like tish.
That's the frustration many people with dyslexia feel every day. It's estimated some 40 million Americans¹ struggle with some level of dyslexia, which can leave them confused, frustrated and struggling to keep up.
Doctors have known for years that those with dyslexia process information differently than others, like seeing words with transposed letters. But there is mounting evidence that they might also hear language differently, as well.
"Any sort of language problem could very well have its roots in perception itself," said Susan Nittrouer, Ph.D., of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. "To many people, the solution seems to be, well, we will just train those with dyslexia how to recognize words correctly. But the problem is really more fundamental than that."
Nittrouer said she began to suspect the role hearing might play in dyslexia after nearly a decade-long study involving children who were born deaf or with profound hearing loss. "We began following this group of over a hundred children, basically, since they were infants," Nittrouer said. All the children in the study got cochlear implants, which use microphones mounted just behind their ears, to capture and feed sound waves to nerves near the brain.
Through consistent testing, researchers found that the implants made a remarkable difference in terms of childrens' ability to hear, but they've raised some intriguing questions as well.
"Cochlear implants have been able to help children who are deaf basically function as hearing children do," said Nittrouer. "However, once you begin to scratch the surface, you often find that children who have cochlear implants function similarly to how children who have dyslexia function."
Nittrouer says that's important because it points to the role of hearing in dyslexia. "Given that they look so much like children with dyslexia," said Nittrouer, "we can really connect the dots between their perception, the kind of signal that they're getting, and the sort of language problem that results."
Even more encouraging, is that researchers say they spotted problems in these children long before they would have been obvious in dyslexic children who have normal hearing.
"We were able to identify these emerging problems in these children at kindergarten," Nittrouer said. "If they didn't have cochlear implants and weren't in this project, in all likelihood, these problems learning to read would not have have shown up until they were in 3rd grade."
Nittrouer says more research needs to be done, but her findings could eventually lead to a new approach to dyslexia.
"We might be able to develop tests that could be administered earlier to predict who might be at risk for dyslexia," she said.
"If, indeed, it turns out to be that these children have broader perceptual issues, then we need to begin to put together a broader intervention approach," said Nittrouer, "one that does not involve just pulling the children out of the classroom for 20 minutes of tutoring a few times a week, but rather a program that involves all educators for the child's entire day at school."
¹What is Dyslexia?, National Center for Learning Disabilities, (citing the National Institute of Child and Human Development), June 2012. Retrieved online: http://www.ncld.org/ld-basics/ld-aamp-language/reading/dyslexia
²Perceptual organization and language learning: Challenging traditional ideas of auditory processing of speech signals, Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, July 2012.


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Korea Electric Power Corp. (NYSE:KEP) stock is gapping down before the bell, indicating risk for investors. This stock should be on high alert today as traders determine whether the selling will continue or if the stock will reverse course today. The current price is at $19.23, indicating a downward gap of -2.73%.
A gap is a space between prices that happens when the stock price makes a move down or up when there is no trading happening in between. Gaps are caused by a number of factors. Poor earnings, negative news, organizational modifications and/or market influences can result in a sudden stock price drop.
Downward gaps occur due to both technical or fundamental factors. If a company's earnings are much lower than expected, the company's stock may gap down before the next trading session. This means that the stock price opened lower than it closed the day before, leaving the gap. It is not terribly uncommon for a news report to generate so much buzz that it changes demand to the point where large gap can be seen on a chart. A stock dropping to a new low in the current session may open lower in the next, gapping down for technical reasons.
The simple moving average is the most common method used to calculate the moving average of prices. It takes the sum of all of the past closing prices over a specific time period and divides the result by the number of prices used in the calculation. Increasing the number of time periods in the calculation is an effective way to ascertain the strength of the long-term trend and/or the likelihood that it might reverse. Some argue that this type of average is not necessarily useful because each data point in the series has the exact same impact on the result no matter where it occurs in the sequence. Korea Electric Power Corp. (NYSE:KEP)'s 20-Day Simple Moving Average is -5.39%. Extending back, their 50-Day Simple Moving Average is -14.13%, looking even further back, their 200-Day Simple Moving Average stands at -22.73%.
Korea Electric Power Corp. (NYSE:KEP)'s performance this year to date is -6.52%. The stock has performed -2.27% over the last seven days, -9.26% over the last thirty, and -23.47% over the last three months. Over the last six months, Korea Electric Power Corp.'s stock has been -21.96% and -8.17% for the year.
Disclaimer: Nothing contained in this publication is intended to constitute legal, tax, securities, or investment advice, nor an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, nor a solicitation of any type. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. This is no way is a recommendation to buy or sell Korea Electric Power Corp. (NYSE:KEP).


text:
NFC blows out AFC 62-35 in Pro Bowl in HawaiiBy OSKAR GARCIA
The Associated Press | January 29,2013AP Photo
Tampa Bay wide receiver Vincent Jackson, left, and New York Giants wide receiver Victor Cruz celebrate Jacksons third-quarter touchdown during Sundays NFL Pro Bowl in Honolulu.HONOLULU Sack-happy defensive end J.J. Watt went out for a couple of passes as a wide receiver, retiring center Jeff Saturday snapped to two Mannings on opposite teams and the NFC blew past the AFC 62-35 in a Pro Bowl that could be the leagues last.
Whether the NFLs all-star game will return or not is a question league officials will ponder the next few months. And the players gave plenty to consider on both sides of the argument Sunday.
The NFC was unstoppable on offense, with nearly each player putting up fantasy-worthy lines in limited play. The AFC, meanwhile, had five turnovers and scored most of its points well after the game was no longer competitive.
Minnesota tight end Kyle Rudolph was voted the games MVP with five catches for 122 yards and a touchdown.
Watt, who had 20 1/2 sacks for Houston, lined up as a wide receiver on the AFCs third play from scrimmage, but missed a pass from Denver quarterback Peyton Manning. He was targeted one more time, but didnt make a catch.
He later showed a television camera a bloody left pinkie, joking with NBC telecasters that the players were trying.
Hey, Commish, were playing hard, Watt said as he showed his bloodied finger.
Roger Goodell has said the Pro Bowl wont be played again if play didnt improve this year. Last year, fans in Hawaii booed as lineman were clearly not trying. On one play in that game, Minnesota defensive end Jared Allen did a barrel roll to switch positions with a teammate.
If players were coasting this time around, it was less obvious. The AFC just played poorly. And fans didnt boo much the stands were relatively empty even though the game sold enough tickets to lift a local television blackout.
Saturday, the Green Bay center retiring at the end of this season, played for both teams though he came representing the NFC. He lined up on one play for the AFC to snap the ball one last time to Manning, his longtime former Colts teammate.
Saturday played 13 seasons in Indianapolis, all with Manning except 2011, when Manning was out with a neck injury. Saturday then played later in the game for the NFC, snapping to Peytons brother, Giants quarterback Eli Manning.
Even as the NFC piled up touchdowns, the game struggled for memorable moments after Saturdays momentary switch.
In the second quarter, referee Ed Hochuli drew cheers when announcing a pass interference penalty on Denver cornerback Champ Bailey in the second quarter the first flag of the game.
Yes, there are penalties in the Pro Bowl, Hochuli said, drawing laughs and loud cheers.
Giants wideout Victor Cruz broke a Pro Bowl record with 10 catches. Tampa Bay receiver Vincent Jackson had 91 yards and two touchdowns. Eli Manning threw for 191 yards and two touchdowns, while Seattle quarterback Russell Wilson had three touchdown passes in the second half.
Cincinnatis A.J. Green had three TD catches for the AFC.
NFL officials said earlier in the week that the league wants to decide the future of the Pro Bowl by the time next seasons schedule is released in April.
First Quarter
AFC-Green 6 pass from P.Manning (Dawson kick), 14:01.
NFC-Jackson 36 pass from Brees (Walsh kick), 10:09.
Second Quarter
NFC-FG Walsh 48, 14:54.
AFC-D.Johnson 42 interception return (Dawson kick), 11:14.
NFC-Cruz 9 pass from E.Manning (Walsh kick), 7:00.
NFC-Lynch 1 run (Walsh kick), 1:41.
NFC-Rudolph 3 pass from E.Manning (Walsh kick), :00.
Third Quarter
NFC-Martin 28 pass from Wilson (Walsh kick), 12:56.
AFC-Cribbs 4 pass from Schaub (Dawson kick), 6:21.
NFC-Fitzgerald 9 pass from Wilson (Walsh kick), 3:52.
NFC-Jackson 5 pass from Wilson (Walsh kick), 1:51.
Fourth Quarter
NFC-FG Walsh 26, 14:38.
AFC-Green 4 pass from Luck (Dawson kick), 11:36.
NFC-Felton 3 run (Walsh kick), 7:55.
AFC-Green 49 pass from Luck (Dawson kick), 5:54.
First downs 22 27
Total Net Yards 356 478
Rushes-yards 11-15 27-78
Passing 341 400
Punt Returns 1⁄3 4-14
Kickoff Returns 5-115 4-167
Interceptions Ret. 1-42 3-27
Comp-Att-Int 30-53-3 32-44-1
Sacked-Yards Lost 3-20 3-20
Punts 4-51.5 2-33.5
Fumbles-Lost 2-2 1-1
Penalties-Yards 2-24 2-10
Time of Possession 26:55 33:05
RUSHING-AFC, Charles 3-12, Schaub 1-11, Reece 1-1, Luck 1-0, Foster 3-(minus 2), Spiller 1-(minus 2), Wayne 1-(minus 5). NFC, Lynch 4-21, Felton 4-18, A.Peterson 5-13, Wilson 4-10, Martin 3-8, L.Washington 5-7, Brees 2-1.
PASSING-AFC, Luck 12-19-1-205, Schaub 12-22-2-113, P.Manning 6-12-0-43. NFC, E.Manning 16-23-1-191, Brees 8-11-0-131, Wilson 8-10-0-98.
RECEIVING-AFC, Green 7-119, D.Thomas 5-52, Daniels 4-45, Spiller 4-25, Cribbs 3-56, A.Johnson 3-34, Wayne 2-12, Slater 1-13, Gresham 1-5. NFC, Cruz 10-96, Jackson 6-91, Fitzgerald 6-59, Rudolph 5-122, Martin 3-40, Witten 2-12.
MISSED FIELD GOALS-None.MORE IN Wire SportsORLANDO, Fla. Full StoryOXON HILL, Md. Wade Davis already had closed out a World Series. Full StoryBOSTON New Boston Red Sox pitcher Chris Sale said he isnt worried that he might not be the ace... Full Story
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An 11-year-old California boy born with a rare orthopedic condition is getting his wish -- to have his right leg amputated.
His mother, Zimra Vigoda of Sacramento, told ABC News it is the hardest decision she's ever made.
But also a necessary one.
Amit was born with something called congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia and fibula with osteofibrous dysplasia, which caused his right leg to constantly fracture.
"I awake to a familiar screech. 'Mommmmmyyyy……HELP!'" Vigoda wrote on the blog, Kveller.com. "'Mommmmmyyyy……I want to cut it off, I can't stand it anymore…I hate my leg….make it stop,' he hollers, eyes wide open yet not quite awake."
Growing up, he had never been allowed to jump or play any contact sports for fear of breaking his leg.
On April 10, Amit will undergo a below-the-knee amputation at Shriner's Hospital for Children in Sacramento.
Six weeks later, doctors will fit him with a prosthetic. Three months later, he's expected to be up and running -- and jumping and kicking and playing.


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I'm very happy to a doing a cooking demo and book signings Saturday and Sunday, Sept, 27 and 28th in Portland at Oregon's largest plant-based food event!
- Free samples of hundreds of different foods!
- Speakers
- Cooking Demonstrations
- Ask the Experts
- Family and Teen Activities
- Restaurants
- Non-Profit Organizations
- Film Screenings
All funds will support NY Coaltion for Healthy School Food's work to get healthy, plant based meals in schools as well as the coalition's nutrition education programs.
American Bean Products
Candle Cafe, Candle 79, Candle Cafe West
Forks Over Knives
Fruit Bliss
Lunch Hour
Power Plant Life
American Bean Products
Angelica Kitchen
Candle Cafe, Candle 79, Candle Cafe West
DF Mavens
Fran Costigan
Fruit Bliss
Jay Kitchen
Laura Dardi
Mediterranean Gyros Products
National Kale Day
Rama Sushi
Regal Vegan
Treeline Cheese
Ayala's Herbal Water
D'Vida Green Smoothies
Tumeric Alive
Wolaver's Organic Brewing
Ithaca City School District Child Nutrition Program
Jennie Steinhagen – Volunteer
Lunch Hour Movie
Whole Foods Market/Rick Marquardt
Silent Auction
Gift Bags
This Festival brings together an amazing array of vegetarian natural food providers, top national speakers and chefs, and educational exhibitors in a fun and welcoming environment. It is a chance to talk directly to food producers, learn the newest items in the marketplace, taste free food samples, shop at show special discounts, or simply learn what vegetarian foods are available and where you can find them!
Whether you are a longtime vegetarian or vegan, or someone simply wanting to add more delicious plant-based foods to your meal repertoire, or if you are just curious what it's all about, you are welcome here! We offer you free admission, free food sampling, free speaker presentations, free parking and a T stop across the street.
You also can learn of ways to help animals and protect the environment, and enhance your health and well being. There are activities for kids, too!
I'll be doing a baking demo on Sunday. The time is TBD.
My vegan chocolate demo, after dinner on Friday night, Feb 6th kicks off this sensational weekend as you explore the divine world of chocolate at Mohonk Mountain House. If you love chocolate, this is the time to visit the mountaintop! Get the best recipes, advice and samplings from those who have made their chocolate passion a lifetime pursuit. Chocolate infused Mohonk—two great things mixed together to create the ultimate chocolate obsession.
ART OF CHOCOLATE SPECIAL—15% OFF OUR REGULAR RATES. BOOK NOW! When making reservations, be sure to specify THE ART OF CHOCOLATE. Inclusive rates feature bountiful breakfast and lunch buffets with dinner as a traditional served meal, afternoon tea and cookies, and most activities, including use of the indoor heated swimming pool in our Spa wing.
Party with us! GUEST LIST ONLY. TO ATTEND, YOU MUST RSVP YOUR FULL NAME AND GUEST (+1) TO: firstname.lastname@example.com AND RECEIVE AN EMAIL CONFIRMATION.
The 5th annual NYC Vegetarian Food Festival returns to the Metropolitan Pavilion on March 14-15, 2015 with yummy food samples, inspiring speakers, and fun activities.
Chef Fran, the "Queen of Vegan Desserts" will demonstrate, and you will taste, some quick to make, easy to love desserts, all made with high-percentage ethical chocolate. Fran will offer tips, tricks, and information about types of chocolate as we celebrate everyone's favorite bean!
For more information or to buy tickets visit http://nycvegfoodfest.com
The IACP 2015 Annual Conference takes place in Washington, D.C, March 27-30 at the Marriott Renaissance Downtown Hotel. I'll be there as an attendee, not a speaker, but I'll be blogging about the conference as well as the vegan scene in DC.
Visit the IACP website for more information: http://www.iacp.com/blog/more/2015_conference_highlights
The fourth annual The Seed Experience expo and conference takes place June 20th and 21st. Focusing on living a healthy, compassionate and eco-friendly lifestyle. The two-day festival will be filled with leading national brands and best-of-class local merchants featuring, sampling and selling their delicious plant-based foods, and environment-friendly, cruelty-free products and services. And, the most inspirational roster of speakers yet will be presenting and holding workshops that will empower and introduce you to a plant-based way of life, and answering any of your questions.
- Over 100 exhibitors will be sampling, selling and showcasing their amazing products and services.
- World-renowned speakers, doctors and nutritionists, and inspirational champion athletes will be presenting.
- Top chefs will be giving cooking demonstration.
- Various workshops will be offered.
- Award-winning films will be screened with the director present for Q&A.
My cooking demo will take place at 2:00pm on Saturday.
The buy tickets visit: http://theseedexperience.com/expo2015/ticket/ Use the code "fran50" when checking out for a 50% discount.


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Witness: Murder defendant believed victim stole from him
RUTLAND On the day Melissa Barratt was killed Doug Radcliffe received a call, he said, from Frank Caraballo demanding money to cover thousands of dollars worth of drugs Caraballo suspected she had a hand in stealing from him.
Radcliffe testified Thursday in Caraballos trial in U.S. District Court in Rutland, where he stands accused of killing Barratt in July 2011.
At the time, Radcliffe testified, he was a heroin and crack cocaine addict living in Brattleboro, where he said he bought drugs from Caraballo to use and to sell to support his habit.
The 31-year-old Radcliffe said it was a business arrangement that worked for a while. But eventually he became deeply indebted to the Holyoke, Mass., man who fronted him some drugs on July 27, 2011, with orders to make some money.
He told the court he was surprised when Caraballo called him the next morning demanding that he pay all of the $1,800 he owed.
He said he needed all the money I owed him, but I hadnt had a chance to sell the drugs he gave me the night before, Radcliffe said.
When he asked what the hurry was, he said, Caraballo told him that someone stole his safe full of $10,000 worth of heroin, cocaine and crack cocaine.
He said he thought it was one of two people, Radcliffe testified. I said, Let me guess, one of them is Melissa Barratt, and he said, Yes.
Radcliffe added, He told me that she had called him away that morning for a booty call and when he came back the safe was gone. He thought she called him away from the hotel room so someone else could get in there and steal it.
When Radcliffe said he would have struck the Brattleboro woman if she had stole from him, Caraballo allegedly responded: No, (Im) so calm its scary.
At some point during multiple discussions on the morning of July 28, 2011, Radcliffe said, Caraballo asked him an unusual question.
He said he was about to make some noise and he didnt know where to do it, Radcliffe said.
Federal prosecutors have argued this week that it was hours after that phone call that Caraballo walked Barratt into a wooded area off East West Road in Dummerston and killed her with a single gunshot to the back of the head.
Radcliffe was one of more than a half-dozen witnesses to take the stand on the fourth day of Caraballos homicide and drug distribution trial.
Federal prosecutors spent much of the day laying evidentiary foundations by calling a mobile phone company manager to the stand to testify about Caraballos phone records; hearing forensic evidence that showed the heroin, crack cocaine and powder cocaine bought from Caraballos alleged drug ring was real; and analyzing motel receipts at places where he stayed.
They also called a handful of people who testified about their involvement in Caraballos alleged drug- and gun-trade activities.
Jacqueline Derby, 21, of Newfane, told the jury that she stole a Glock handgun of the same caliber as the one used to kill Barratt from a home she was staying at in Bellows Falls.
She said she traded the gun for a small amount of crack cocaine and to erase a debt she owed.
On Wednesday jurors had heard from Putney resident Thomas Parrott, who said he received the gun that Derby stole and traded it to Caraballo for crack cocaine roughly two weeks before Barratt was killed.
Toni Lynn Fontaine, 26, of Brownsville, told the jury Thursday that when she was living in Brattleboro in 2011 she traded a stolen Desert Eagle .357-caliber handgun to Caraballo to erase a drug debt she owed him.
Defense attorneys Mark Kaplan and Natasha Sen attacked the credibility of Fontaine and Radcliffe, who both accepted plea deals from federal prosecutors for sentencing consideration on drug-distribution charges that could send them to jail for up to 20 years.
Kaplan also questioned Radcliffe repeatedly about his history of cooperating with police to have criminal charges reduced or eliminated.
You figure youll always get out of it and the reason is, you shift the blame to somebody else, Kaplan said. Youve done that over and over and over.
The trial resumes today and is expected to last two more weeks.
brent.curtis @rutlandherald.comMORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER A new report from a commission that studied the cost, availability and quality of... Full StoryVermont fish hatchery changes focus, looks inland
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East Barre man pleads guilty, faces possibility of deportation
BARRE An East Barre man has admitted to repeatedly raping a female relative and could be deported because of it.
Reco A. Jones, 52, pleaded guilty Friday in Washington County criminal court in Barre to sexually assaulting a child under 16.
He agreed to a sentence of 12 years to life in prison, but Judge Thomas Zonay ordered a presentence investigation be completed by the Department of Corrections before formal sentencing.
By pleading guilty, Jones admitted to repeatedly sexually assaulting a female relative over a period of seven years.
He had originally been charged with aggravated repeated sexual assault against a child, which carries a minimum sentence of 25 years, but that charge was amended as part of the plea agreement.
Jones may never serve his sentence as he is a native of Barbados and not a U.S. citizen. Court paperwork submitted by Thomas McCarthy of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services says that any person applying to become a citizen of the U.S. who is convicted of sexual abuse on a minor is considered an aggravated felon and subject to deportation.
An official at Immigration and Customs Enforcement said the agency is aware of the Jones case and would review it. Since Jones is the holder of a so-called green card, which grants an immigrant permanent resident status in the U.S. provided the holder doesnt commit any actions that would make him or her removable under immigration law, a federal immigration judge from the Department of Justice would have to strip Jones of his right to be in the country before he could be deported.
Jones also pleaded guilty to two counts of violating his conditions of release. Jones admitted he was communicating with the victims mother by sending letters asking to get the girl out of the country if a trial were to take place to keep her from testifying. Jones was barred from having contact with the victim or her mother.
In the letters, portions of which were read in court in November, Jones mentions the girls refusal to testify and tells the girls mother that his attorney, Maggie Vincent, has advised him not to take the case to trial, but (Vincent) doesnt know that there is an agreement or understanding.
According to Deputy States Attorney Megan Campbell in November, her office had received 46 letters written to the victims mother and CDs of more than 250 phone calls between Jones and the mother.
As part of Jones plea agreement, four charges of violating conditions of release were dropped.
@timesargus.comMORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER A new report from a commission that studied the cost, availability and quality of... Full StoryVermont fish hatchery changes focus, looks inland
BETHEL, Vt. Full StoryHONOLULU (AP) A group of Hawaii musicians and a Hawaiian Airlines flight attendant provided... Full Story
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Anti-wind hysteriaFebruary 23,2013
Anti-wind hysteria
It seems that with every passing day, every edition of The Times Argus, the anti-wind folks get more and more hysterical in their letters and commentary. And the Times Argus gets further and further away from practicing responsible journalism. Each day the newspaper presents us with more commentaries attacking wind and none supporting it.
Any independent newspaper has the right to print whatever they want, to support any issue they so choose. But a good newspaper uses the editorial honesty to at least present the other side as well. There is no such thing as balance that some call for in print and electronic journalism, nor can there be. As a life-long liberal Democrat (and I have reached the stage where that is pretty long) I generally agree with most of The Times Arguss point of view. But certainly not on wind.
Part of the problem is the growing hysteria, the diatribes, the misrepresentation and false pretenses of the wind foes. One recent commentary claims that wind power will destroy wildlife habitat, kill bats and eagles, pollute our headwaters, fill valuable wetlands, polarize our communities, make people sick, mine rare-earth minerals. Anything else? Maybe cause hangnails?
It goes on and on. The usual talking points. You know them, theyve been blathered across the newspapers pages daily: blowing up our mountains; cancer-causing; stripping our forests; industrialize our wild spaces and so on. They go through rhetorical contortions that a pretzel manufacturer would love.
Another frequent claim is that study after study shows that wind turbines makes people ill. Mysterious studies are often mentioned, except they never tell us what studies, carried out by whom. I havent seen or heard of peer-reviewed scientific studies making such claims. If opponents want to claim studies to back up their (often fanciful) assertions, then they should the cite specific studies and the scientists (with their affiliations) carrying them out. Anyone can say they have made a study of this or that; I could, but it wouldnt have much validity.
Finally, in this Sundays edition (Feb. 17, Times Argus), a commentary by Lukas Snelling that at least tries to sound reasonable (a rarity in this debate), calls for a time out (that lurking moratorium) on wind projects so that we can resolve ridgeline winds uncertainties and study the impacts. As if wind-power was a new thing Vermont just invented? Hardly. I recall visiting a wind project on Prince Edward Island in Canada more than 20 years ago. Wind power has been made use of for decades; indeed, for hundreds of years.
There are wind turbines all over Europe. Even us old crocks grew up reading about Dutch windmills when we were children, and believe it or not they were in use long, long before that. And as far as I know, human life has continued to exist. When you want to kill something, initiate a study.
Come on, Times Argus, use a little bit of journalistic and editorial integrity in choosing your commentators. Filter out the nutty ones and the tired talking points. They just cloud the issue. Give us reasonable, sensible arguments, not junk pulled out of the wind.
Edward C. Day
East Montpelier CenterMORE IN LettersA sixth-offense DUI gets plead down to a misdemeanor. A breathalyzer is refused. Full StoryBurr Morses recollection (Whats good for the goose, Nov. Full StoryMSNBC news analyst Rachel Maddows report on the election of Republican Rutherford B. Full Story
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Welcome to Facebook Like-You-Back hosted by:
|Kelly's Lucky You
|Heavenly Mommy
|Baby Cachet
|Belly Charms
|This Mama Loves Her Bargains
|Madame Deals
Are you looking for new Facebook pages to follow and new friends who like your page? Then join us!
- Add your Facebook page to the Linky below (you only have to add it to one and it will appear on all). Please link up directly to your Facebook page only. All other links will be deleted.
- Click on the Facebook link for the 6 hosts and "like" them on Facebook. Leave a comment on their wall and they will like-you-back.
- Like as many more Facebook pages as you want, leaving comments with links so they'll know where to like-you-back.
The Facebook Page of the Week is Mommy Michelle! It takes the next spot on the Linky under the hosts and will get a shout out on each of the hosts' Facebook pages! Next week's page of the week will be drawn from all of the entries from this week's hop.
By the way, we'd love to have you stop by our websites/blogs too & here's where we are:
- Kelly's Lucky You
- Heavenly Mommy
- Baby Cachet
- Belly Charms
- This Mama Loves Her Bargains
- Madame Deals
Have you upgraded your Facebook Page? With it, you can use Facebook as a person (yourself) or as your page. But, as a page, if you Like another page, it won't count in their totals. So, please, switch to "Use Facebook as yourself" before you start going through the list Liking other participants.
Tips: Sometimes legitimate comments are marked as spam by Facebook. To find them, go to your page and click on Hidden Posts (under your profile pic).
Want to help spread the word and add this Linky to your blog? Write your own post telling your readers about FLYB. Get the codes under the Linky box.
Thank you for participating and let's have fun!


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Eyes on GazaDecember 08,2012
Why wont Gaza sit still? Why do its fighters periodically fire cascades of rockets, brainless tin-can affairs most of them, with little or no precision of aim, into the land mass of Israel? A war crime, by the way, because of that fall where it may aimlessness, and certainly a moral crime, too, in my view.
Why do the Palestinians of Gaza go on battling with Israel, when the outcome, reckoned by casualties on each side, is always wildly in Israels favor: 1,440 Palestinians killed in the three-week war of 2008-09, as against 13 Israelis killed four of them by rockets fired from Gaza? And in the six days war of last month, smaller and yet fearsome, too, the score was also radically skewed: 160 Palestinians killed (including 34 children, 13 women and three assorted journalists), and six Israelis, of whom three were killed by rockets from Gaza.
Those lopsided ratios of overall death counts, both in Israels favor 110 to 1 in 2008-09 and 25 to 1 in the November just past sound to me more like a slaughter than combat between equals. Israelis are understandably fearful of the aimless rockets that come flying into their land from Gaza. But if we accept the equivalence of all human lives, which obviously not everybody does, it shouldnt be hard either to imagine the fear felt also by the Palestinians of Gaza who at intervals are pounded from the sky by Israels stock of the worlds choicest armaments, with 25 times to 100 times more deadly effect on Palestinians than Palestinian weapons have on Israelis.
Underfed as the people of Gaza are, and ill supplied with essential commodities of every description, thanks to the Israeli embargo on their territory; bloodied, shamed by their impotence, and frequent witnesses, in their neighborhoods, of ever new instances of death delivered out of the blue by their unseen enemy, its not surprising that Gazans would charge into the flames again and again, thinking all is lost anyhow.
Should we reckon Gazans as terrorists, then, or as freedom fighters, heirs to the resisters of Europe in World War II, including the doomed Jewish fighters-to-the-end in the Warsaw Ghetto? (I dare the irony of this comparison.) Tiny Israel, with the lavish backing of the U.S. in both weapons and cash subsidies, is the most heavily armed nation in the Mideast, and relative to its size, one of the most heavily armed nations in the world. It has demonstrated time and again that its ready at any provocation to come in shooting very, very hard. The people of Gaza know at first hand this hardness of the Israel state, and yet, desperate, or mad, they keep on risking a next battle.
What then do the people of Gaza want from Israel, finally?
In my understanding and in a few words, an end to the 45 years of occupation by Israel of all Palestinian territory that followed Israels victory in the 1967 war, and more immediately and urgently, an end to the rigorous blockade of Gaza maintained and enforced by Israel. That blockade leaves to Israels discretion the passage in or out of Gaza of every single person and every pound of goods, and it is so stringent that it has produced conditions of public health that amount to a scandal in the eyes of international health and humanitarian organizations.
Here are two common views on Gaza that I think are correct. With a million and a half population, the tiny Gaza strip is one of the most crowded places on Earth; more crowded than Tokyo, relative to its area. Shoot anywhere in packed Gaza, or God forbid drop a bomb anywhere, and more people than were targeted will inevitably die sometimes multiples in a family; 10 in the case of a certain Al-Dolu family, in just recent days.
Thats first. Second, with Israeli troops manning most of Gazas perimeter, maintaining absolute control over who and what goes in or out, Gaza exists in a state of siege and can be said to function as the worlds largest open-air prison: a 24-hours-a-day lockup of six years duration, now, under absolute Israeli domination.
To what extent and in what ways are the people of Gaza freedom fighters or, by nationality and associations, an entire population of convicts, grandmothers and babies, too, doing time for past offenses and inherent criminality?
However you classify the people of Gaza, they subjectively feel the need desperately to break out of their decades-long imprisonment while the rest of the world, including Gazas Arab neighbors, stands around with folded arms. (Im absolutely not advocating a resort to arms by anyone, but at the very least, today, an opening by Egypt of its small common border with Gaza. A little more air for the victim, please.)
As a last, clarifying word on Whats up in Gaza, I want to quote here an excerpt, provided by Wikileaks, from a November 2008 cable sent to Washington by officials (unnamed) in the U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv.
As part of their overall embargo plan against Gaza, Israeli officials have confirmed (to U.S. embassy economic officers) on multiple occasions that they intend to keep the Gazan economy on the brink of collapse without quite pushing it over the edge with the aim of having Gazas economy functioning at the lowest level possible consistent with avoiding a humanitarian crisis.
Situation hopeless, then?
I think that our country, as Israels chief ally and most generous supporter, needs to have a say in this. We need to do more than deplore softly Israels open violation of international law as it settles ever more of its own people in territories that the U.N. long ago assigned to the future Palestinian state. That basically and to begin with.
And we need to stop supplying Israel with weapons on the munificent scale we have been doing, while that country uses them in occupied Palestine in contravention of stipulations made by Congress when it authorized those gifts in the first place.
Jules Rabin lives in Marshfield.MORE IN LettersA sixth-offense DUI gets plead down to a misdemeanor. A breathalyzer is refused. Full StoryBurr Morses recollection (Whats good for the goose, Nov. Full StoryMSNBC news analyst Rachel Maddows report on the election of Republican Rutherford B. Full Story
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Follow the Bouncing Baseball Fan, Kendrys Morales is Back!
He's back! He's back! Kendrys Morales is back! And he looked pretty darned good too, with a single in his first at bat in an Angels' uniform since Memorial Weekend, 2010 and another in his third at bat. He's running. He's sliding!! And all in more or less regular form. I tell you, it brought a tear to my eye…okay more than one.
Flushed, cheering and bouncing around the room from excitement, I posted something similarly gushy on FaceBook. And what stupendous outpouring of love did I receive for this momentous announcement? Pray tell, how many 'hell yeahs!' and 'Right ons!' exactly? *crickets* That's right, ladies and gentlemen. Nothin' but *crickets* I say this with extreme affection, but baseball philistines the lot of them. ;) And this, in a nutshell, is why I blog. Whoever you root for, you've been there before. You all get why this news is so amazing!
I haven't posted a whole lot about Kendrys lately. I haven't been documenting his progress religiously in this blog and I've avoided making impassioned predictions about his ability to return. And, trust me, it's not because I haven't been tracking his progress since his second surgery with keen interest. And it's not because I haven't been hoping that he could make it back to the roster this season with all of my little old baseball lovin' heart. No, it's just that I'm a practical person and, while I do tend toward optimism, it's a cautious, guarded sort of optimism.
After last season's disappointment, hoping and rooting for Kendrys to play again and then the setbacks, the second surgery, and another season on the DL, I had to take all of the reports this offseason of his impending 2012 return with several cups of salt – forget those measly grains. Foot and ankle injuries are terrible. Even when they heal, scar tissue can prevent the injured foot from ever working properly again, from ever functioning without a great deal of pain again. And that's just for those of us who expect normal things of our bodies. For a professional athlete who requires so much more strength and dexterity from his body? Yeah, it's just that much harder.
So I promised myself that I wasn't going to get excited about Kendrys until I saw him stride up to the plate, bat in hand, in a regular season game. And I meant it. No, seriously. I promised. Not until the regular seas…yeah, and that all flew out the window today watching that perfectly quirky, half pigeon-toed batting stance. You know the one. Yeah! And then the foot twist and the kick when he swings. And the sound the ball makes when it flies off his bat?! It was exactly like the old Kendrys…okay, with some rust. But you can see the old Kendrys not too far underneath the rust. Promise now thoroughly defenestrated, I can't stop thinking about a regular season lineup with Kendrys batting 4th right behind Albert Pujols. A prediction? Why, yes. I think it's absolutely going to happen and I couldn't be more excited.
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Hey Kristen, Nothing wrong with taking pictures from the TV of our boys of Summer. I do it too and have posted some in the past. Soon our boys will be back and be playing against each other and then Opening Day! Can't wait! I am back in LA so that is my next trip down South to see my boys there.


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Petite Cropped Twill Ruffle-Lapel Jacket
Style: 570076643
Out of Stock
Build up your working assets. Soft, heathered neutral suit jacket has ruffles in front, regimental buttons in back—a contoured fit and peplum flare. Pair with the matching Bootcut Twill Pant. 45% Polyester, 37% Rayon,15% Cotton, 3% Spandex. Dry clean. Imported.
- Princess-seamed fit.
- Ruffle stand collar and tacked-down lapel with button accent. Saddle shoulders. Self-piped seams. One-button close. 3/4 vented sleeve. Contour seams fan to eight-button accent above the waist and peplum with a centered box pleat. Rhodium-finish buttons.
- Piped satin lining with back pleat. Lightly padded shoulder. Signature coat chain.
- Hits at the upper hip (24" front, 22.75" back from shoulder).
Read more… Read less…


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Moen Home Care glacier 12" grab bar
$36.30 MSRP Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price is suggested only. Store pricing will vary. R8912WWhere to Buy
Safety, comfort and peace of mind. It's engineered into every Moen Home Care® product we make.
- the securemount design allows for secure installation into any stud at any angle.
- glacier finish for a bright, clean white look
- supports up to 500 lbs.
- complies with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) specifications
- 12" bar length
- 1.5" bar diameter
- corrosion resistant
- stainless steel construction for added durability
- limited lifetime warranty
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