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December 21, 2015 by ryanhaas
Filed under Feature Story, Latest News
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The RockAuto.com Restored Award returns to the Super Chevy Show for the 2016 season. This will be the second year for the award that recognizes car owners across the country for the hard work they put into restoring their classic Chevrolets.
Bob MacQuinn took home the award at the Texas Motorplex Super Chevy Show with his 1979 Camaro Berlinetta and is a loyal RockAuto.com customer. "I used RockAuto.com for my other vehicles, so it was a no-brainer to turn to them when putting my show car together also."
Another fan of RockAuto.com is Memphis winner, Byron Long who restored a 1967 Camaro RS Convertible. "RockAuto.com is the first place I go to look when buying parts."
Your RockAuto.com Restored Award Winners for 2015:
Palm Beach: Norm Goodman with his 1973 Corvette
Memphis: Byron Long with his 1967 Camaro RS
Tucson: Trish Williams with her Star Cruiser Dragster
Dallas: Bob MacQuinn in his 1979 Camaro Berlinetta
Virginia: George & Cathy Hebler with their 1992 Corvette
U.S. 131: Marvin & Judy Schurling with the 2005 Chevy SSR
Maple Grove: Guy Amato and his 1969 Camaro Z28
Denver: Randy Watson and his Chevy Nova
Bristol: Skylar Hagy with his 1974 Chevy Nova
Rockingham: Nate Hunsinger with his 1969 Pro Touring Camaro
St. Louis: Gerald Zielinski and his 2005 Monte Carlo
Bakersfield: Tim Miller with his 1957 Chevy Wagon
About RockAuto.com
RockAuto, LLC was founded by the Taylor family in Madison, Wisconsin. RockAuto.com carries maintenance, repair, restoration and hard-to-find parts for both classic Chevrolets and your daily driver. The family background in engineering and their passion for old cars prompted them to start the company. RockAuto.com now ships thousands of parts from over 300 manufacturers to customers on every continent, with the exception of Antarctica.
Palm Beach – Gearing Up For 2016 Super Chevy Show
December 1, 2015 by ryanhaas
Filed under Feature Story, Latest News
Comments Off on Palm Beach – Gearing Up For 2016 Super Chevy Show
Palm Beach International Raceway (PBIR) is gearing up for its first Manufacturers Series event of 2016, the Super Chevy Show on March 19th and 20th.
"We have a heavy Chevy presence here in this part of Florida," said Dale Gann, Vice President and General Manager of PBIR. "Every year the Super Chevy Show has grown more and more. We can't wait to see what 2016 holds."
A fan favorite returning to the Super Chevy Show will be the Pro Show featuring the Jet Cars, which will include Wicked Willy and a new jet semi-truck making one of its first appearances. Credentialed judges will be brought in to judge the car show that features several different categories with winners receiving trophies and jackets.
The Sportsman racing at PBIR will be different than at most other tracks. Instead of hosting qualifying on Saturday and eliminations on Sunday, there will be two complete races throughout the weekend – one on each day.
"By having a race on Saturday and another complete race on Sunday we help cater to more racers; not everyone can make it to both days. It also really brings up the car numbers and the level of competition."
Fans are encouraged to check back at SuperChevyShow.com in the next few weeks for updated times, schedules, contests and prices for the PBIR Super Chevy Show.
Bakersfield – Car Show Results
November 10, 2015 by ryanhaas
Filed under Events, Feature Story, Latest News
Comments Off on Bakersfield – Car Show Results
Car Show Results – Bakersfield 2015
Nova 1962-1967:
Modified Winner – Barry & Cathy Doocey 1964
Chevelle 68 & Newer:
Modified Winner – Jim Hunt 1970
El Camino:
Street Winner – Rich Roeder 1970
Modified Outstanding – Leroy Painter 1971
Modified Winner – Roy Roark1972
Corvette 1997-2004:
Stock Winner – Vergel Sandieer
Modified Outstanding – David Torres 2001
Modified Winner – Ron Rockonle 2000
Chevy 55, 56, 57:
Modified Outstanding – Jim Rosenberger 1956
Modified Winner – Jerry Guernsey 1957
Big Car 90-96:
Stock Winner – Jim Black 1996
Camaro 1967-1969:
Stock Winner – Brian Burkland 1967
Street Winner – Larry Tack 1967
Modified Winner – Kay Bice 1967
Camaro 1982-1992:
Street Winner – Chase Newton 1989
Modified Winner – Karen Williams 1989
Camaro 1993-2002:
Modified Winner – Robert Sewell 1998
Camaro 2010 & Newer:
Stock Winner – James Hope 2015
Street Winner – Christian Coffen 2015
Modified Winner – Jennifer Wingert 2013
Pick-Up 1973-1987:
Modified Winner – Tom Tait 1974
Modified Winner – Lloyd Miyashiro 1931
Barly Chex:
Modified Winner – Robert Nolan 1938
Gold 67-69:
Stock Winner – Chris Mikkelson 1969 Camaro
Street Winner – Larry Boord 1966 Nova
Stock Outstanding – Chris Warne 2013
Stock Winner – Cliff Westerlin 1975
Club Participation Award:
So. Cal Chevrolet Invasion
Outstanding Paint:
Jerry Guemsey Blue 57
Outstanding Interior:
Richard Capaldi 69 Chevelle
Outstanding Engine:
Kay Rice 67 Camaro
Outstanding Workmanship:
Damon Jones 72 Crew Cab
Outstanding Engineer:
Glen Robinson 55 Chevy
Young Star:
James Hope 2015 Camaro


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That has been the history of some whites-Rob from everyone, even the POOR!
(Reuters) - An Indian court extended a hearing over local tax authorities' seizure of a Nokia factory by seeking information on the plant value, adding to concerns whether the company can transfer the property to Microsoft as part of the sale of its mobile phone business.
Nokia has offered to pay a 270 million euro ($369 million) deposit to Indian authorities to unfreeze assets in a tax dispute, according to sources familiar with the matter.
The Finnish firm has been trying to free up the assets, particularly its Chennai factory which is one of its biggest phone-making plants, ahead of the sale of its mobile phone business to Microsoft.
The Delhi High Court on Tuesday asked the tax authorities to submit the value of the Chennai factory on Wednesday, when it is due to hear the case again, amid growing uncertainty about Nokia's exact tax liabilities in India.
A lawyer for the tax department said on Tuesday Nokia owed 78 billion rupees ($1.28 billion) in tax payments.
The Times of India reported on Tuesday the tax department had informed the Delhi High Court that Nokia owned the authorities more than 210 billion rupees ($3.4 billion), which included penalty for a seven-year period beginning 2006.
The final sum of tax liabilities are not yet known. But in March, it was served with a tax demand of about 20.8 billion rupees for five fiscal years starting from 2006/07, according to a March 22 notice on the Delhi High Court website.
Nokia said it had not been served with any claim beyond that 20.8 billion rupee amount.
"In recent months we have seen and r
Another fine example of the land of the long low hanging stink's hate of the west and lesson that if you
buy the propaganda that you most be in stinky when the reality is that doing so risks billions in phony
tax bill, ip thief, exposure to deadly illness, etc. Look this is stinky land using a tack of it's bff Russia
to grab assets via a phony tax bill.
Sentiment: Strong Sell

subset: commoncrawl


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The Sinking of the Laconia (TV Mini-Series)
Episode #1.2 (2011)
Plot Summary
On board the crowded submarine, a tentative truce forms between the sailors and the survivors. Hartenstein's distress call has surprising consequences both for the rescue operation and the future conduct of the war.- Written by Anonymous
Be the first to contribute! Just click the "Edit page" button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the Synopsis submission guide.


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~ Premium Dallas SEO, PPC, & Web Design Services ~
Dialed-In Local is where your path starts to having the quality clients you've always wanted by targeted traffic through Dallas SEO and PPC marketing to your website. We are a full service Dallas Search Engine Optimization and Online Digital Marketing agency that offers solutions tailored to draw your targeted consumers, whatever service oriented industry you are in.
The Dialed-In Local Dallas SEO agency is made up of highly skilled and experienced search engine optimization (SEO) consultants and specialists who are capable of turning your website into one powerful tool for generating leads and driving in traffic. These translate to better chances of increasing customers through phone calls, contact us form submissions, and claimed offers. So whether you're still starting from scratch or just need some help with your search engine optimization strategies, we can get your business dialed-in.
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Dialed-In Local is more than just your average SEO marketing firms in Dallas. We don't just focus on the strategies; we see to it that you get the results worthy of your investment. We offer services that don't just take your business to the top; we make sure you stay there.
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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
GTA Car Kid will convert your iPod into a huge CD changer. You can put your ipod on the center console, or any phone as AUX input into ...
Slip a flat bar or putty knife under the panel & gently pry it out. Disconnect all plugs from the back & put them away so they wont ...
For the speaker grill, pry from front to back & remove.
Us the 10 mm socket + extension, remove the 4 bolts for the NAV radio.
Gently flip your radio upside down & remove the CD controller plug (2nd from right) Install GTA wire harness splitter to existing jack, then GTA ipod cable to ...
To make more room, put the van into neutral, turn it off & unscrew the shift knob. Remove the 4 bolts for the A/C controller module, and the 2 ...
Remove the bolt on upper right, then gently pry around the edges until all is loose. Unplug the 2 cig lighters & heat control jacks.
For other AUX inputs, I wanted a clean look so you can plug in & close the door, soooo: Using my handy RotoZip saw, I slotted a hole ...
Now that my saw is out, might as well cut one for iPod .... (I plan to place my iPod on the center cup holder) This one is ...
Once confirmed all A/V is working. Put everything back in reverse order. Tighten down everything & give any pried open panels a good whack. Enjoy !
Direct wire GPS for 2005 Seinna with NAVby wongman2001
iSimple direct wire FM for Toyota Seinnaby wongman2001
SmartPhone or iPod Touch Windshield Mountby kentkb
Join 2 million + to receive instant DIY inspiration in your inbox.
Download our apps!
© 2016 Autodesk, Inc.


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Donate Online
Answer the Call of Mercy… Make your gift today!
Make your donation online with our secure web page or mail your donation. Donor information provided to the Charity and Development Appeal is not shared with other organizations.Donate Online
Be an Instrument of Mercy
Support of the annual Charity and Development Appeal changes lives — forever. Donations metaphorically grow hands and feet to serve those in need or crisis, like residents of the CDA-funded, My Sister's Place, a Catholic Charities domestic violence shelter. One mother, "Suzie," and her two children arrived at the shelter to escape drugs, alcohol and abuse. Read more from the Catholic Sun about Suzie and My Sister's Place
The CDA supports community and charitable organizations like Catholic Charities and My Sister's Place that assist individuals and families in crisis. Organizations that serve the needs of local communities beyond the boundaries of any one parish. Through your gift to the CDA, you become the hands and feet to:
- Feed the hungry and give drink to the thirsty
- Welcome the stranger and clothe the naked
- Comfort the sick and visit those in prison


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Star Wars Bits: Matthew McConaughey, 'The Force Awakens' Books, 'Rebels' Easter Eggs, Toy Infographic
Posted on Thursday, November 13th, 2014 by Germain Lussier
Teases from The Clone Wars, Rebels, The Force Awakens and Episode VIII are all in this edition of Star Wars Bits. Below, read about the following:
- Matthew McConaughey is open to a role in Star Wars, just like he's open to a role in anything.
- Rian Johnson offered up a fun tease about Star Wars Episode VIII.
- Watch some clips from the next episode of Star Wars Rebels, which may have a Force Awakens Easter Egg.
- Dee Bradley Baker, voice of the Clones on The Clone Wars, has joined Star Wars Rebels.
- A new Star Wars video game might feature Chewbacca.
- Alex Ross did a stunning variant cover to Star Wars: Darth Vader #1.
- See some Star Wars: The Clone Wars The Lost Missions concept art.
- Read about someone who was on the sets of Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
- Check out a timeline of all the Star Wars toys ever released.


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Amy Grant
Amy Grant
Occasionally I hear a prayer that touches me deeply enough to want to make it my own. The following is one such prayer. It is very very simple but oh, so meaningful. "Lord, lead me today to those I need and to the ones who need me. And let something I do have eternal significance.'" - a prayer shared by Amy Grant at Women of Faith, Charlotte N.C. 2012.
Amy Grant. "Thy Word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path."
amy grant | Amy Grant at" Vh1 Save the Music" Presser in Washington Irving High ...
Amy Grant, Christian music's top selling artist of all time, has said that she's much more comfortable with herself now than she ever was before. "The best thing about getting older is you have the freedom to be yourself and not worry what people say. It's such a better use of energy ... it's great to do what you do with fewer distractions."
Amy Grant - Unguarded / 1985 I went to her concert. Michael W. Smith was opening for her.
Best Christmas Song. "Grown Up Christmas List" by Amy Grant Kelly Clarkson's version is awesome too!
Amy Grant: favorite gospel/Christian artist, especially her Christmas album
Amy Grant ~ "Tender Tennessee Christmas"


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Sofia Vergara
Sofia Vergara is the gorgeous star of Modern Family. She has large breasts.
2016 Academy Awards Red Carpet: A Feast For The Eyes
Sofia Vergara: I Don't Want to Look Like an Old Stripper!
Sofia Vergara is one funny, talented lady. Her wit and talent have earned her multiple Emmy and Golden Globe nominations and she is a significant part of what has made Modern Family such a tremendous success.
Oh, and she's got a great rack, too.
15 Best Celeb Instagrams of 2015: Who Reigns Supreme?
Sofia Vergara, Joe Manganiello & More: Star Sightings 12.15.2015
Sofia Vergara: Pregnant ALREADY?!
Over the weekend, Sofia Vergara and Joe Manganiello got married, thus becoming top contenders for the title of Most Ridiculously Good-Looking Couple in Hollywood.
30 Magical Celebrity Wedding Dresses We Love
All About Joe Manganiello's Sexy Wedding Dance For Sofia Vergara
By now, you've seen Sofia Vergara and Joe Manganiello's wedding album.
Sofia Vergara's Wedding Dress: All The Details!!!
By now, the interweb has seen most or all of the glorious Instagrams from Sofia Vergara and Joe Manganiello's Palm Beach wedding.


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The entire scheme was planned around them. How could it not be?
Terriers offense limits USCs ends
Premium Content
Subscribe today to read the full article and get everything Rivals has to offer.
- Member-only message boards
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A Darling Missing U Card
Does your spouse travel a lot? Or are you going to be apart for the first time? This quick and easy note is the perfect way to let them know you are missing them. It has the alphabet on the front with the letter 'U' missing. On the inside it says, "Missing U."
Just print it out, jot a quick message and slip it into their suitcase the next time they are headed out of town. It is sure to brighten their day.
Download your Missing U Card below!...Continue Reading


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Mob Wives at Pizza Pasta Perfect
Wednesday, June 20, 2012 1:10 AM
Inappropriate photo? Alert us.
Fan Renee Tumambing, 18, of Eltingville holds up an autograph signed by Renee Graziano, star of the VH1 hit Mob Wives during the grand-opening of Anthony's Pizza Pasta Perfect eatery in Dongan Hills.. (Staten Island Advance/Kiawana Rich)
Related articles
- Staten Island's 'Big Ang' of Mob Wives fame peers from murals promoting her TV series June 20, 2012, 7:43 AM


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AUSTIN — Texas teachers are frustrated with layoffs and larger classes, according to a monthlong survey of more than 3,500 educators and parents from across the state.
About nine of every 10 of the respondents reported widespread layoffs and significant increases in class sizes and elimination of programs and services they said help students succeed, according to the survey conducted by Texas American Federation of Teachers between Oct. 11 and Nov. 14.
This is the result of the $5.4-billion cut to public education the Texas Legislature made in this year's session, Texas AFT President Linda Bridges said in a conference call with reporters.
"They consistently told us about the low morale, long hours and bullying by administrators," Bridges said in reference to the respondents from more 300 school districts, including Amarillo Independent School District and Lubbock ISD.
Rep. John Smithee, R-
Amarillo, who struggled with the decision whether to vote for the school funding bill but ultimately voted for it, said he understands the pain the cuts have caused to the more than 1,000 school districts in the state.
However, this was the best the Legislature could do considering the money it had to work with, Smithee said in reference to the $27-billion shortfall the Legislature tackled in this session.
"We would have loved to have more revenue, but that would have meant a tax increase this past session and we couldn't do that," Smithee said. "The voters made it very clear we couldn't increase their taxes."
For his part, Lt. Gov. David Dewhurst, the presiding officer of the Texas Senate, said before Bridges spoke to reporters that there is a misconception about the Legislature cutting the public school budget.
The Legislature changed the school funding law. Under the old law the lawmakers were expected to increase funding for public education by $8 billion, Dewhurst told the Texas Tribune.
"Only in government is asking for $8 billion and only getting $4 billion considered a cut," the publication quoted him as saying.
The survey, which included participants from more than 300 school districts — several from the Panhandle/South Plains region — is expected to bolster the school funding lawsuits against the state that have been filed or expected to be filed soon.
About 350 school districts — about two dozen from the region — have already signed on as plaintiffs on grounds that the Legislature's funding formula is inequitable. The trial is expected next year.
"It's important to document what's going on now so that we can make the case that there is an impact when you cut money to public education," Bridges said.
"The survey documents what we're hearing," Bridges added. "It also shows that there is a direct impact to what the Legislature did, to what happens out in the schools and what happens to kids."


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Career vacancies at the City of Perth.
Selection Criteria
The selection criteria can be found by downloading the 'Job Highlights' document that will be attached to each vacancy.
Remember to read and check the 'Application Requirements' detailed within the 'Job Highlights' document.
Specific enquiries should be referred to:
Human Resources Unit:
Telephone: (08) 9461 3461
Candidate Information
Candidate Information Pack.pdf
Please Note: The document above is in PDF format and is viewable using the Adobe Acrobat Viewer. If you are unable to view the document, please click this icon to download the viewer.
Please click on the following advertised vacancies below for more information:


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 11, 2010
|Filing date
|Dec 22, 2005
|Priority date
|Dec 22, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Timo Hatanpaa, Marko Vehkamaki, Mikko Ritala, Markku Leskela
|Original Assignee
|Asm International N.V.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (2), Classifications (24), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to bismuth-containing oxide films. In particular embodiments, the present invention concerns novel processes for manufacturing bismuth-containing oxide thin films by atomic layer deposition.
2. Description of the Related Art
Bismuth is a component of several technologically important binary and multicomponent oxide thin film materials, particularly the ferroelectric oxides Bi4Ti3O12, (Bi,La)4Ti3O12, BiFeO3 and SrBi2Ta2O9, and the superconducting oxide Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. The ferroelectric bismuth oxide films have great potential for use in ferroelectric memories. Such memory devices are likely to be provided with capacitors in the form of 3-D structures, which means that good conformality of the ferroelectric film will be important for proper function of the memory.
Atomic layer deposition ("ALD") refers generally to vapour deposition-type methods in which a material, typically a thin film, is deposited on a substrate from vapour phase reactants. ALD is based on sequential self-saturating surface reactions. ALD is described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,058,430 and 5,711,811, incorporated herein by reference.
According to the principles of the ALD, the source chemicals (also known as "reactants" or "precursors") are separated from each other, such as by inert gas, to prevent gas-phase reactions and to enable the above-mentioned self-saturating surface reactions. Surplus source chemicals and reaction by-products, if any, are removed from the reaction chamber before the next source chemical is introduced into the chamber. Undesired gaseous molecules can be effectively expelled from the reaction chamber, for example, by keeping the gas flow speeds high with the help of an inert purging gas. The purging gas can be used to push the extra molecules towards a vacuum pump, which is also used for maintaining a suitable pressure in the reaction chamber. ALD provides controlled film growth as well as outstanding conformality.
Based on its general properties, ALD is a potentially attractive alternative for deposition of bismuth-containing oxide thin films. The main problem in the art has been finding appropriate bismuth—oxygen source chemical combinations for depositing bismuth oxide.
In one aspect, the present invention provides atomic layer deposition (ALD) type processes for producing bismuth-containing oxide thin films. Preferably organic bismuth compounds comprising at least one monodentate alkoxide ligand are used as the bismuth source material. In some embodiments, the organic bismuth compound comprises at least two bismuth atoms connected to each other via an oxygen bridge atom.
In some embodiments, binary and multicomponent oxide thin films containing bismuth and one or more additional metals are deposited.
In preferred embodiments, vapor phase pulses of an organic bismuth source material having at least one monodentate alkoxide ligand and at least one oxygen source material capable of forming an oxide with the bismuth source material are alternately and sequentially fed into a reaction space containing a suitable substrate. In some embodiments the oxygen source material is selected from the group consisting of water, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, halide-oxygen compounds, peracids (—O—O—H), alcohols, alkoxides, oxygen-containing radicals, oxygen-containing plasma and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, an oxygen source material other than water is used.
In some embodiments, vapour phase pulses of additional source materials are include in the ALD process to produce ternary and other multicomponent bismuth oxide films. In some preferred embodiments pulses of a second metal source material are included in the ALD process. The second metal source material preferably comprises at least one transition metal or metal of groups 1 through 14 of the periodic table.
In some embodiments, the bismuth containing oxide thin films are annealed at a temperature of about 400� C. or greater, more preferably about at temperatures at about 600� C. or greater and yet more preferably at about 800� C. or greater.
It has been found that a specific group of metal-organic bismuth compounds can be used as precursors for producing bismuth-containing oxide thin films by ALD. These include binary films, as well as multicomponent films. The organic bismuth compounds preferably contain monodentate alkoxide ligands. Advantageously the organic bismuth compounds are more stable across a wider temperature range than silylamino ligand-containing compounds, making it possible to deposit thin films by ALD at high temperatures without silicon incorporation. In addition, oxygen sources other than water can be used to form bismuth-containing oxide thin films.
Although the properties of the monodentate alkoxide precursors are illustrated below by the dimeric monodentate alkoxide precursor, the skilled artisan will appreciate that other monodentate alkoxide precursors can be used in the disclosed methods. [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb2)]2 (dmb=2,3-dimethyl-2-butoxy) is a volatile compound and contains purely organic ligands. At higher temperatures, the structure of the compound in vapour phase is believed to be monomeric: (dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2. [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2 has been tested and found to work well as a precursor for depositing both binary and multicomponent oxides of bismuth by ALD, as described in more detail below.
Films deposited by the methods disclosed herein exhibit good thin films properties and have excellent conformality, even on complicated structures. As a result, the methods are applicable to a wide variety of applications, including formation of 3-D capacitors. Other applications for bismuth-containing oxide thin films deposited by the disclosed methods include use as ferroelectric or dielectric material in integrated circuits, superconductor materials, fuel cell materials and as catalysts. Other applications will be apparent to the skilled artisan.
Next, the invention will be described in detail with the aid of the following detailed description and by reference to the attached drawings.
In context of the present invention, "an ALD type process" generally refers to a process for depositing thin films on a substrate molecular layer by molecular layer using self-saturating chemical reactions on heated substrate surface. In the process, gaseous reactants are conducted alternately and sequentially into a reaction chamber of an ALD type reactor and contacted with a substrate located in the chamber to provide a surface reaction. Typically, a pulse of a first reactant is provided to the reaction chamber where it chemisorbs to the substrate surface in a self-limiting manner. Excess first reactant is then removed and a pulse of a second reactant is provided to the reaction chamber. The second reactant reacts with the adsorbed first reactant, also in a self-limiting manner. Excess second reactant and reaction by-products, if any, are removed from the reaction chamber. Additional reactants may be supplied in each ALD cycle, depending on the composition of the thin film being deposited.
The pressure and the temperature of the reaction chamber are adjusted to a range where physisorption (i.e. condensation of gases) and thermal decomposition of the precursors are avoided. Consequently, only up to one monolayer (i.e. an atomic layer or a molecular layer) of material is deposited at a time during each pulsing cycle. The actual growth rate of the thin film, which is typically presented as Å/pulsing cycle, depends, for example, on the number of available reactive surface sites on the surface and bulkiness of the reactant molecules.
In ALD processes, gas phase reactions between precursors and any undesired reactions with by-products are preferably inhibited or prevented. Precursor pulses are separated from each other by time and the reaction chamber is purged with an inactive gas (e.g. nitrogen or argon) and/or evacuated between reactant pulses to remove surplus gaseous reactants and reaction by-products from the chamber. The principles of ALD type processes have been presented by the inventor of the ALD technology, Dr T. Suntola, e.g. in the Handbook of Crystal Growth 3, Thin Films and Epitaxy, Part B: Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics, Chapter 14, Atomic Layer Epitaxy, pp. 601-663, Elsevier Science B.V. 1994, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
An extensive description of ALD precursors and ALD-grown materials has been presented by Prof. M. Ritala and Prof. M. Leskel� in a recent review article, Handbook of Thin Film Materials, Vol. 1: Deposition and Processing of Thin Films, Chapter 2 "Atomic Layer Deposition", pp. 103-159, Academic Press 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the context of the present application "a reaction space" designates generally a reactor or a reaction chamber, or a defined volume therein, in which the conditions can be adjusted so that deposition of a thin film on a substrate is possible.
An "ALD type reactor" is a reactor where the reaction space is in fluid communication with at least one, preferably at least two precursor sources such that the precursors can be pulsed into the reactions space. The reaction space is also preferably in fluid communication with an inert gas source and a vacuum generator (e.g. a vacuum pump). The temperature and pressure of the reaction space and the flow rates of gases can be adjusted to a range that makes it possible to grow thin films by ALD type processes.
As is well known in the art, there are a number of variations of the basic ALD method, including PEALD (plasma enhanced ALD) in which plasma is used for activating reactants. Conventional ALD or thermal ALD refers to an ALD method where plasma is not used, but where the substrate temperature is high enough for overcoming the energy barrier (activation energy) during collisions between the chemisorbed species on the surface and reactant molecules in the gas phase so that up to a molecular layer of thin film grows on the substrate surface during each ALD pulsing sequence or cycle. For the purpose of the present invention, the term "ALD" covers both PEALD and thermal ALD.
"Metal source material," and "metal precursor" are used interchangeably to designate a volatile or gaseous metal compound that can be used in an ALD process to provide metal to the growing thin film. Preferred "metal source materials" and "metal precursors" can be used as a starting compound for deposition of the corresponding metal oxide.
The term "multicomponent oxide" covers oxide materials comprising at least two different metal cations.
Bismuth precursors comprising at least one, preferably from about 1 to 12, monodentate alkoxide ligands are preferably used as metal source materials in depositing bismuth containing thin films by ALD. Bismuth precursors which have a structure BiL3, where L is alkoxide ligand, preferably comprise 1-4 alkoxide ligands, more preferably 3 alkoxide ligands. Most preferably said alkoxide ligands are monodentate alkoxide ligands. Bismuth precursors, which have an oxygen bridge between two bismuth atoms preferably contain 3-6 alkoxide ligands, more preferably 4 alkoxide ligands when in monomeric form, and preferably contain, 6-12 alkoxide ligands, more preferably 8 alkoxide ligands when in dimeric form.
Bismuth precursors comprising monodentate alkoxide ligands are exemplified by Bi(alkoxy)3, [(alkoxy)2Bi—O—Bi(alkoxy)2]2 and (alkoxy)2Bi—O—Bi(alkoxy)2, wherein the term "alkoxy" stands for a alkoxide group, preferably selected from substituted or unsubstitued methoxy, ethoxy, n- and i-propoxy, and n-, sec- and t-butoxy and different pentoxides. Possible substitutes can be chosen from, but are not limited to, the group of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl. Further, one alkoxide ligand can comprise one or more substituents, as in case of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butoxy.
In each alkoxide ligand, and in different ligands, the alkyl groups may be the same or different. Preferably the said monodentate alkoxide ligand contains one oxygen atom. More preferably there is only one oxygen atom per one alkoxide ligand. Most preferably the oxygen atom of the alkoxide ligand is bonded to the bismuth atom in the precursor. In precursors that have structures with an oxygen bridge atom between the bismuth atoms, there are preferably 2-8, more preferably 2-4 bismuth atoms and 1-4, more preferably 1-2, oxygen atoms, depending on whether the precursor compound is in monomeric or in dimeric form. Trimeric or polymeric forms of the precursors can also be used. The skilled artisan will recognize that precursors might change during heating, for example from a dimeric solid state phase structure to a monomeric gaseous phase structure.
The general formula for the monodentate alkoxide ligands can be written as follows (Formula I):
In some embodiments, the precursors preferably comprise at least one ligand having the above Formula I. Generally, the number of ligands can vary between 1 and the valence of bismuth, viz. 3.
The general formula for the solid state structure of monodentate bismuth alkoxide compounds having oxygen bridges between bismuth atoms can be written as follows
(Formula II):
[(R1R2R3—O—)2Bi—O—Bi(—O—R1R2R3)2]2 (II)
The above alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be selected from any linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups which have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n- and i-propyl- n-, i- and t-butyl-, n- and isoamyl (n- and isopentyl), n- and isohexyl, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl. Alkyl groups are preferred.
The C1-20, preferably C1-10, in particular C1-6, alkenyl and alkynyl groups include the corresponding groups having a corresponding degree of unsaturation.
In the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups, one or more of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced with another atom or with a functional groups. Examples of substituents of these kinds include halogen derivatives, wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom to yield a halogenated alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group. Similarly, at least one hydrogen atom can be replaced with a functional group, such as a substituent selected from the group of —NH2, —SH2, and —OH.
In addition to alkyl, ligands containing carbocyclic structures, comprising 5 to 18 ring atoms. Aryls, e.g. phenyl groups (C6H5—), are preferred for use as alkoxide compounds in ALD. Also, halogenated alkoxide compounds, including fluorinated alkoxide compounds, are considered advantageous ALD reactants. In such fluorinated compounds at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a fluorine atom.
The heterocyclic groups mentioned above may contain generally 5 to 18 ring atoms, at least one atom being selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
For steric reasons, when one of R1, R2 and R3 stands for a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, the other substituents stand for a non-cyclic structure, such as hydrogen or another of the below mentioned optional substituents:
Although alkoxide compounds of bismuth are preferred as ALD reactants, versatile chemistry related to alkoxide molecules makes it possible to replace one or more alkoxide groups in the bismuth molecule with other substitutents. Bismuth alkoxide molecule having monodentate alkoxide ligands can also contain other ligands, such as, without limitation, hydrogen, hydroxyls, amines, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, alkyls like methyl, ethyl and propyl, carbocyclic groups such as aryl, preferably phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, alkylaryl, halogenated carbocyclic groups, amides, amidinates and mixtures thereof.
A specific example of a preferred bismuth precursors is [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2. Other suitable compounds include, for example and without limitation, tris(2,3-dimethyl-2-butyxy)bismuth(III), tris(tert-butoxy)bismuth(III) and tris(isopropoxy)bismuth(III).
Of the above mentioned precursors, particularly preferred precursors, such as the [(alkoxy)2Bi—O—Bi(alkoxy)2]2 and tris(alkoxy)bismuth(III) compounds, are relatively stable up to about 400� C. and can generally be used in ALD processing at temperatures below about 500� C., more preferably below about 400� C. Thus, in some embodiments ALD reactions are carried out at temperatures from about 20 to 350� C., preferably from about 70 to 350� C., more preferably from about 200 to 300� C. and still more preferably from about 250 to 300� C.
In preferred embodiments, gas phase pulses of an evaporated alkoxide bismuth compound, as described above, are introduced into an ALD reactor, where they are contacted with a suitable substrate. The deposition can be carried out at normal pressure, but in preferred embodiments a reduced pressure is used, preferably about 0.01 to 20 mbar, more preferably about 0.1-5 mbar. The substrate temperature is preferably low enough to keep the bonds between thin film atoms intact and to prevent thermal decomposition of the gaseous reactants. On the other hand, the substrate temperature is high enough to keep the source materials in the gas phase, i.e., condensation of the gaseous reactants is avoided. Further, the temperature is preferably sufficiently high to provide the activation energy for the surface reaction. Optionally, an inactive gas is used as a carrier gas and/or a purge gas during deposition.
Under the conditions described above, the amount of metal reactant bound to the substrate surface will be determined by the nature of the surface. That is, once all available binding sites are occupied, no additional precursor is able to adsorb on the surface. Thus the reaction is "self-saturating".
The substrate can comprise various types of materials, and a single substrate may comprise multiple materials. Examples include, but are not limited to, silicon, silica, coated silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium alloys, gallium arsenide, copper metal, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, niobium, iron, zinc, tin, cobalt, noble and platinum metals group including silver, gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium and ruthenium, various nitrides, such as transition metal nitrides, e.g. tantalum nitride TaNx, titanium nitride TiN, tungsten nitride WNx, molybdenum nitride MoNx, niobium nitride NbNx, transition metal silicon nitrides, tantalum silicon nitride TaSiNx, titanium silicon nitride TiSiNx, tungsten silicon nitride WSiNx, molybdenum silicon nitride MoSiNx, niobium silicon nitride NbSiNx various carbides, such as transition metal carbides, e.g. tungsten carbide WC, tantalum carbide TaC, niobium carbide NbC, titanium carbide TiC, molybdenum carbide MoC and nitride carbides, e.g. tungsten nitride carbide WNxCy or oxides selected from the group of Bi, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Rb, Cs, Ba, Ni, Mn, Cu, Co, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, W, Mo, Sc, Y, Lu, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Fe, Zn, Sn, Sb, Cr, In, Cd, Ga, Ge, B, As, Al, Si, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Se, Te, S, P, N and/or Pb oxide(s) or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, conductive oxides, such as SnO2, ZnO, IrO2, SrRuO3 and RuO2 are particularly preferred. Conventionally, the preceding thin film layer deposited will form the substrate surface for the next thin film. For both ferroelectric capacitor structures and superconductor applications, bismuth-containing thin films are generally deposited on appropriately patterned metal surfaces (electrodes).
In order to convert the adsorbed bismuth precursor into bismuth oxide, the reactor is purged with a purge gas comprising an inactive gas to remove excess bismuth precursor, and then a gas phase pulse of an oxygen source material is introduced into the reactor where it reacts with the adsorbed bismuth compound. As with chemisorption of the bismuth precursor, the reaction of the oxygen source material and the adsorbed bismuth precursor is self-limiting.
The oxygen source material is preferably selected from the group of water, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, halide-oxygen compounds, peracids (—O—O—H), alcohols, alkoxides, oxygen-containing radicals, oxygen-containing plasma and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, an oxygen source material other than water is used.
By alternating the reactions of the bismuth precursor and the oxygen source material, a bismuth-containing oxide thin film is deposited. Typically, a growth rate of about 0.20 to 0.35 Å/cycle is achieved, usually about 0.29 Å/cycle.
In order to produce multicomponent oxide films, provision of a second (or additional) metal source material can be introduced into the ALD process. The second metal source material can be, for example, a metal compound or a complex metal compound comprising two or more metals. The metals are preferably selected from the group of volatile or gaseous compounds of transition metals and main group metals, i.e., elements of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and/or 14 (according to the system recommended by IUPAC) in the periodic table of elements.
Since the properties of metal compounds vary, the suitability of each metal compound can be determined by the skilled artisan through routine experimentation. The properties of various metal compounds can be found, e.g., in N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 1st edition, Pergamon Press, 1986.
A preferred process for forming bismuth-containing multicomponent oxide thin films by atomic layer deposition on a substrate in a reaction space, comprises the general steps of alternately feeding into the reaction space vapour phase pulses of a first metal source material, a first oxygen source material capable of forming an oxide with the first metal source material, a second metal source material, and a second oxygen source material capable of forming an oxide with the second metal source material. The first metal source material is preferably an organic bismuth compound having at least one monodentate alkoxide ligand, and the second metal source material is preferably a volatile compound comprising at least one transition metal or main group metal of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and/or 14 in the periodic table of elements. The first and second oxygen source materials may be the same or different. Thus, the second metal source material can be oxidized using the same oxygen source material used to oxidize the first metal source material. However, in some embodiments a different oxygen source material is used to oxidize the second metal source material. Additional metal source materials and oxygen source materials can be utilized depending on the nature of the film to be deposited.
In some embodiments for depositing binary or other multicomponent films, the complete ALD process can be divided into two cycles, with a different metal oxide being deposited in each. In one cycle the first metal source material and the first oxygen source material are alternately supplied. In the second cycle, the second metal source material and second oxygen source material are supplied. In some embodiments, the second cycle is included after each first cycle. However, in other embodiments, the first cycle is repeated two or more times for each second cycle or vice versa. That is, one of the cycles is introduced intermittently in the ALD process. Additional cycles can be included, depending on the desired composition of the film being deposited.
In some embodiments, nanolaminates comprising one or more layers of each metal oxide are formed. Thus, the first cycle is repeated a number of times until a metal oxide layer of the desired thickness is formed. The second cycle is then repeated to form a layer of a second metal oxide of the desired thickness. This process is repeated to form a laminate structure comprising alternating layers of two or more metal oxides. Additional cycles can be incorporated if layers of additional materials are to be included in the nanolaminate structure.
In other embodiments, a single oxygen containing reactant is utilized in depositing a multicomponent oxide thin film. For example, a first metal reactant can be provided, followed by a second metal reactant. An oxygen-containing reactant is then provided that oxidizes both the first and second metal reactants. In these embodiments the first and second metal reactants (and any additional metal reactants) can be provided in any order prior to provision of the oxygen containing reactant.
Suitable metal source materials can be found, for example, among halides, preferably fluorides, chlorides, bromides or iodides, or metal organic compounds, preferably alkoxy (cf. the titanium alkoxide of Example 4), alkylamino, alkyl, cyclopentadienyl, amidinate, dithiocarbamate or betadiketonate compounds of the desired metal(s). Also double metal precursors, i.e. molecules containing two metals in a discrete ratio, may be used (cf. Example 2 below).
In preferred embodiments, a multicomponent oxide film comprises Bi, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Rb, Cs, Ba, Ni, Mn, Cu, Co, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, W, Mo, Sc, Y, Lu, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Fe, Zn, Sn, Sb, Cr, In, Cd, Ga, Ge, B, As, Al, Si, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Se, Te, S, P, N and/or Pb oxide(s) and, thus, the corresponding gaseous or volatile compounds are preferably used as reactants.
Aluminium and silicon are particularly interesting as sources of a second and/or third metal in ternary and other multicomponent bismuth-containing oxides. In some embodiments, multicomponent Bi/Al and/or Si oxides are deposited and can be used, for example, as high-k dielectric materials.
According to one preferred embodiment, a multicomponent film is produced by contacting a substrate with alternating pulses of the two or more metal precursors and oxygen source chemicals in two or more cycles as described above. This embodiment based is based on "mixing cycles." Typically, the ratio of cycles comprising pulses of bismuth-containing precursor followed by oxygen source pulses to cycles comprising pulses of a second metal source followed by the corresponding oxygen source pulses is from about 100:1 to 1:100, preferably from about 20:1 to 1:20, most preferably from about 10:1 to 1:10 . In particular embodiments a ratio of from about 6:1 to 1:3 is used. In more particular embodiments the second metal source is Ti(OMe)4 and the ratio is from about 3:1 to 2:1. The ratio of cycles may depend on the molecular size of the metal source precursors.
A stoichiometric surplus of from 1 to 20 at-% of bismuth in the films is advantageous for some applications. In particular, in some embodiments compounds having essentially the formula SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT), (Bi,La)4Ti3O12, or Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x are deposited. An example for deposition of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) is given in Example 3 below.
Preferably, films are annealed after the ALD deposition. In some embodiments, annealing provides ferroelectric phases. According to some preferred embodiments, multicomponent films are prepared by depositing a multicomponent oxide film by mixing ALD cycles at a particular ratio or by depositing laminar layers of two or metal oxides as described above. The deposited films are annealed at increased temperatures to provide a ferroelectric phase. In this way, an amorphous structure is provided and the ferroelectric or superconducting phase can be obtained by annealing in the presence of oxygen (such as in the presence of air) at temperatures above 400� C., preferably from about 500 to 1100� C., more preferably from about 600 to 900� C. and still more preferably from about 600 to 800� C. However, in some cases an annealing temperature from 800-2000� C. can be used. For example, these high temperatures might be used to produce superconductors. The composition of the films can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the laminar layers. One embodiment is illustrated in Example 4 below.
Other embodiments for preparing binary films comprise a combination of the above described embodiments. Thus, the cycle mixing approach can be used, for example, for producing a mixed bismuth-titanium, bismuth-tantalum or bismuth-hafnium oxide film. If the film is amorphous, it can be annealed at the temperatures mentioned above, in the presence of air or another oxygen-containing gas or at inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon atmosphere. A hydrogen containing atmosphere can also be used for annealing.
Preferred multicomponent oxide thin films of bismuth include, but are not limited to, SrBioTapOq, (Bi,La)oTipOm, BiTipOm, BiTaoOm, BiFeoOm and BiSroCapCuqOm, wherein o, p and q are integers which can be independently selected from 0-20 and m is an integer which can be selected from 0-100 . Preferably o, p and q can be independently selected from 1-10 and m can be selected from 1-50, more preferably from 1-20 . More preferably o, p and q can be independently selected from 1-5 and m can be selected from 1-15. The person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that different stoichiometric relationships are possible and can select o, p and q outside the presented ranges, if desired.
In some embodiments, preferred multicomponent bismuth compounds have essentially the formula of about SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT), (Bi,La)4Ti3O12, Bi4Ti3O12, Bi3Ta2O9, BiFeO3 or Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x before or after the annealing step. Bismuth oxide can be used also as mixed to compounds like SrTiO3, BaTiO3, BaSrTiO3, PbTiO3, PbZrTiO3 and Pb(La,Zr)TiOx. The above-mentioned examples do not restrict the use of bismuth oxide mixed also with other compounds.
The present novel thin film oxide materials will find extensive application, for example, in the semiconductor industry particularly in applications where ferroelectric materials are used, such as for non-volatile memories. Bi-containing superconductor films can be used, for example, in the superconductor device industry. Other applications will be apparent to the skilled artisan.
The following non-limiting examples illustrate some preferred embodiments of the invention. They were carried out in an F-120™ ALD reactor supplied by ASM Microchemistry Oy (Espoo, Finland).
ALD Growth of Bi2O3 from [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2 and H2O was carried out at 240� C. with different pulse lengths of [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2. At 240� C. the Bi2O3 growth rate saturates at about 0.29-0.30 Å/cycle (
BiTioOm were deposited at 240� C. by mixing [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2—H2O and Ti(OMe)4—H2O cycles with pulsing ratio of 3:1 (Bi-precursor—H2O cycles:Ti-precursor—H2O cycles). The Bi/Ti elemental ratio in the deposited film was 1.47 as measured with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Bi4Ti3O12, an orthorombic ferroelectric phase, was observed after annealing as-deposited films in air at 700� C. (
If some other precursor than Ti(OMe)4 will be used, the cycle ratio may need adjustments, because larger molecules, like Ti(OiPr)4 may need more cycles to produce film with same Bi/Ti elemental ratio.
SrBi2Ta2O9 films can be deposited at 240� C. by mixing [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2—H2O, Ta(OEt)5—H2O cycles and Sr(iPrCp)3 or Sr(tBuCp)3—H2O cycles with ratios of approximately from 1:1:1 to 2:1:1 (Bi:Sr:Ta). SrBi2Ta2O9, A ferroelectric phase, can be observed after annealing as-deposited films in air at about from 600-800� C.
A second approach can be also used for depositing SrBi2Ta2O9 by mixing [(dmb)2Bi—O—Bi(dmb)2]2—H2O and SrTa2(OEt)10(dmae)2—H2O cycles. Thus, amorphous laminate layers of Sr—Ta—O and Bi—O can be grown. In this case, the overall composition can be adjusted by varying the thicknesses of these layers, and the desired compound was formed by reacting the layers with each other in the following annealing steps. All the as-deposited SBT films are probably amorphous, but after annealing in air at 750� C. the desired ferroelectric phase can be observed.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various omissions, additions and modifications may be made to the processes described above without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
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|Citing Patent
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|Publication date
|May 16, 2012
|May 5, 2015
|Asm Ip Holding B.V.
|Methods for forming multi-component thin films
|Apr 7, 2014
|Dec 10, 2015
|Drexel University
|Methods of forming perovskite films
|U.S. Classification
|427/255.32, 427/248.1, 427/255.23, 427/255.31, 556/76, 427/255.29, 556/80, 427/255.19, 427/255.28
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 12, 2006
Owner name: ASM INTERNATIONAL N.V., NETHERLANDS
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Effective date: 20060524
Owner name: ASM INTERNATIONAL N.V.,NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HATANPAA, TIMO;VEHKAMAKI, MARKO;RITALA, MIKKO;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017932/0430
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|Oct 16, 2013
|Fee payment
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With Eventful – Premium WordPress Theme you can create complex professional websites using WordPress 4.0 that can handle events, locations and artists with a bundle of features and options.
Eventful – Premium WordPress Theme offers a solid, reliable platform to create, maintain and further develop event-oriented websites (festivals, organizations that promote pro-bono events, artists, theaters, concerts, venues and many more).
In version 2.5.3 you will discover the following features:
- Auto-Updates for Eventful Theme and wpEvents.net LITE plugin.
- Responsive design to fit all devices.
- A powerful Ajax Calendar to navigate through events
- A complex events management system that allows you to create rock-solid, complex databases featuring locations, events and artists.
- Custom-made widgets: Featured Artists/Events/Locations, Upcoming Events, Locations/Artists/Events List of Categories.
- Google Maps integrated within locations.
- A bundle of Shortcodes: Slideshows, Dropcaps, Columns, Image Effects, Spacers and many more.
- Period events with start date & end date
- Translation-ready using MO/PO files.
- Web 2.0 front-end design that is both simple and quick to master.
- 2 Front-page slideshows (Flash – Piecemaker & jQuery Coin Slider).
- The powerful Configuration Panel that allows you to modify the theme's key (ex. Logo, Colors, Background, Fonts, Sliders, Ads, Traffic Counters and many more)
- Custom-made menus with 3 drop-down levels
- Help Desk integrated within the theme
Need more? Check out the PRO Add-on for features such as:
- Recurrent events (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly).
- Multiple representations per event.
- Multiple locations per event.
- Organizers custom post-type.
- TinyMCE buttons for Shortcodes insert.
- Permalinks customization for better SEO.
- And many more.
We offer you another useful tool to sell and book tickets via WooCommerce and wpEvents.net plugins. Check out the Tickets Plugin:
- Offline purchase Book Tickets Payment Gateway.
- Assign to each ticket an event representation date.
- Support for recurrent events.
- Tickets integration using shortcodes.
A big Thank You to all of you who reported bugs. We encourage everybody to do so in order to improve this theme. If you wish to report bugs or you are having problems using Eventful or any of our products, please use this email to contact us: support [at] wpevents [dot] net . According to the terms and conditions of mojo-themes.com, we offer online support for troubleshooting and bug fixes. For any other customization please contact us at the same email address.
Latest Version 2.5.3: 30.09.2015
- Improved CSS for Dashboard layouts and specific browser display error fixes.
Version 2.5.2: 22.09.2015
- Important fixes for WP 4.3.1 compatibility.
- Added Show/Hide options for the Recommended Events section in Configuration Panel > General Settings.
Version 2.5.1: 18.08.2015
- Fixed featured image display in WordPress Dashboard.
- Fixed a couple of notices in widgets.
Version 2.5.0: 17.07.2015
- Re-coded all sidebars. After update you might need to add your widgets again to each sidebar. Please back-up first.
Version 2.0: 29.04.2014
Back-up your database before you upgrade to this version.
- Events management platform completly redone. When you upgrade to this version you should take in consideration that older events will not display pasted dates. Instead, you should manualy add the meta information to the new fields.
- The theme will require installation of the wpEventsnet Lite Plugin. This product is available in the plugins directory.
- Recurrent events, multiple representations per event,, multiple locations per event, organizers custom post type, and many more cool features are available with the professional add-on. You can purchase this product from www.wpevents.net
- New Configuration Panel
- Improved Help Desk with important information regarding your server, WordPress install and theme.
Version 1.6.1: 24.01.2014
Back-up your database before upgrade to this version.
- Featured Meta Box completly redone. Please activate the new fields accordingly to your needs.
- Events / Artists / Locations / Booking / Contacts custom post types were moved from function.php to separate files in /admin/ directory.
- events-archive.php was updated and period options were removed due to high load issues on websites with more than 300 events. Sorry for the inconvenience.
- Fixed display errors for the responsive version on some mobile devices.
- Fixed Google Maps Error in WP Dashboard
- Ajax Calendar improved with fallback function if no events are found.
- Redesign autosuggest tool and calendar for WP Dashboard.
Version: 1.5.9Booking System Fixed DWS Configuration Panel issues fixed


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One of New Zealand's dirtiest little secrets is that our businesses are not very well managed. No one likes to talk about it because there are no prizes for doing so.
Politicians looking for ways to shove New Zealand back up the ranks of the OECD don't mention it, because they might offend their more influential supporters in the commercial world. And the leaders of business lobby groups are hardly going to question the competence of the very people who pay their salaries.
But the truth is that the calibre of New Zealand managers is middling, and it's holding the economy back. People like Doug Matheson, who has been training managers and directors for years and developed the internationally recognised Management Capability Index, have long known this. "The comparisons [with other countries using the MCI] would say New Zealand is pretty mediocre, every way you want to read it," he says.
A new study, using methodology developed by the London School of Economics and McKinsey & Co, shines a harsh new light on the problem. Commissioned by the Ministry of Economic Development, it arrives at a few uncomfortable conclusions, including that more New Zealand companies are badly managed than well managed, and that our management of people is woeful.
Benchmarked against other 16 countries that have been surveyed using the same methodology, New Zealand came 10th overall. We trailed far behind the Americans, Swedes, Japanese and Germans, were marginally worse than the French and the Italians and were just a touch better than the Poles.
The researchers interviewed managers in 152 manufacturing companies, assessing 18 different aspects of management under three headings:
operations management (including things like adoption of lean manufacturing methods, continuous tracking of results and systematic problem-solving);
performance management (setting clear, challenging goals that are rooted in economic reality and well-communicated to staff);
people management (holding senior managers to account, dealing with non-performers, and attracting and promoting high-performers).
On operations management, New Zealand ranked 10th out of 17 countries; on performance management 9th; and on people management 14th. Under the latter heading, two areas of failure stand out: Kiwi managers are hopeless at dealing with poorly performing staff, and (perhaps there's a link here) they don't try very hard to retain talented people.
According to the study, the best managers are to be found in multinational corporations (both New Zealand-owned ones, which are few and far between, and the local subsidiaries of foreign ones). Family- and founder-owned firms, on the other hand, are blighted with the worst management (although those that employ outside chief executives do slightly better). Publicly listed companies tend to be better run than private companies, probably because they are obliged to be accountable to their shareholders. Big companies tend to be better managed than medium-sized ones, and good managers are more likely to have a university degree than bad ones.
The blockbuster finding (and a good clue as to why we do so badly) is that New Zealand managers think they are much better than they are. "Managers consistently overrate their firms' management performance," say the researchers. Furthermore, "focusing on management improvement is simply not a priority for these firms".
The researchers don't go into the reasons for Kiwi managers' poor showing, but I'm willing to give it a go. New Zealand is a country of tiny businesses, where managers are too busy simply getting through the day to spare the time and energy to go on management courses. And in any case, training is a low priority in many companies: at best, it's seen as an inconvenience for those left to mind the shop; at worst, it's a luxury the company can't afford. The complexity of management is also hugely underestimated – thanks to that mythical No 8 wire mentality, there's a tendency to believe a good reservoir of common sense is all a manager needs.
Yet the rewards for lifting the standard of business leadership are there for the taking – for a country that aims to close the economic gap with Australia, it's probably the lowest-hanging fruit. The link between the quality of management and productivity is obvious (anyone who has worked for a terrible manager surely knows this). The study shows that a one-point increase in the LSE/McKinsey management score increases profit per employee by $46,000, sales by 17% and staff numbers by 30%.
But we won't make gains like these by continuing to hide from the inconvenient truth.


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Simple Strategies for Saving Time in the Kitchen!by Kelly
By Kelly of The Nourishing Home, Contributing Writer The holiday season is just around the corner and with it comes some wonderful opportunities to fellowship with family and friends, as well as some challenges in the form of even busier... Read More
The Well-Planned Breakfastby Courtney
Written by Courtney, Contributing Writer Breakfast time is often rushed and chaotic in many households today. What used to be a nourishing meal to start the day off right has now become a fast-paced meal on the run. How did... Read More
12 Steps to a Healthier Life in 2012, Part 2by Rachel
Find the first 6 steps in yesterday's post... Written by Rachel, Contributing Writer 7. Have a Quiet Time with Gratitude and Prayer We are wives, we are mothers, we are always serving others and sometimes we forget to serve or... Read More
My New eBook- Plan It, Don't Panic: Everything You Need to Successfully Create and Use a Meal Planby Stephanie Langford
Announcing my newest eBook... Plan It, Don't Panic: How to Successfully Create and Use a Meal Plan! What if you could learn to meal plan in a way that helped you to eat better, while saving you money, time and... Read More
Plan It- Don't Panic: Last Week of the Meal Planning Challengeby Stephanie Langford
We're on week 6 of the meal planning challenge (well, 7 for some of us). So many of you have participated so faithfully and consistently, and I have loved doing this alongside of you! It has challenged and spurred me... Read More
Four Steps to a More Peaceful Homeby Stacy Karen
A peaceful home is something many of us long for. A place where relationships are healthy and spirits are happy, where we can rest our weary bones and just be ourselves. There's no denying that creating a peaceful home takes... Read More
Planning What to Preserveby Kate Tietje
Written by Kate Tietje, Contributing Writer Are you new to preserving food -- or maybe just curious about it? Maybe you'd like to give it a shot, but don't really know where to start. I was in your shoes last... Read More
Planning Weekly to Eat Wellby Sherrie Cook
Written by Sherrie Cook, Contributing Writer I was recently looking at the Vision Forum for books and noticed their tag line. It reads, "Where there is no vision the people perish". What a powerful statement. When I applied that to... Read More
How to Plan Your Garden, Part 2by Stephanie Langford
Were you as inspired as I was by Shannon's post on Tuesday? I completely understand what she means about becoming more and more excited each year as she considers what she can grow and preserve. I feel the same way.... Read More
Plan & Plant Now for Sustainability, Freedom, and a Backyard Revolutionby Shannon
I am not an expert gardener and have only spent the last few years taking a stab at preserving what we eat and eating what we preserve. Every year, though, I grow more and more excited because every year we... Read More
How to Plan Your Gardenby Stephanie Langford
[caption id="attachment_10002" align="alignnone" width="518" caption="From my own garden plans, two of my raised beds with plans for greens, carrots, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli."][/caption] In our Gardening 101 series, we've talked about a lot of different things so far... how to... Read More
Selecting Seeds for Garden Successby Stephanie Langford
Shelves stuffed full of beautiful envelopes that seem about to burst with potential. Page after glossy page of glorious looking, boldly colored vegetables. No wonder it's so hard to choose seeds for your garden with all the options out there! Beyond... Read More
GAPS Diet While Pregnantby Kate Tietje
Written by Kate Tietje, Contributing Writer Over the last few weeks, we've been talking a lot about adrenal fatigue here, and one of the potential remedies Stephanie has mentioned is the GAPS diet. Please go back and read her post... Read More
Routines to Help the Weary Momby Beth Corcoran
Written by Beth Corcoran, Contributing Writer I know a lot about exhaustion. In fact, as I write this, my family is on the mend from the flu. While I may not have the fever and chills anymore, two weeks of... Read More
Cook More Real Food: Join Me For Some Freezer Cooking!by Stephanie Langford
Today is the day to put so much of what we've been doing throughout the Cook More Real Food event into practice! I will be spending most of today and tomorrow (Mon/Tues) in my kitchen, cooking up a whole lot... Read More
Cook More Real Food: Let the Freezer Cooking Begin!by Stephanie Langford
I hope you're all as excited as I am to spend conclude this Cook More Real Food Event by spending some concentrated time cooking and baking, in order to fill my freezer up with easy, real food meals and snacks!... Read More
How I Plan to Keep Blog Time in Checkby Stephanie Langford
Image by DeclanTM Based on my recent announcement that I'm going to be scaling back a little on my blogging efforts, and the absolutely enormous (and incredibly encouraging) response that I received, I thought I would just share a few... Read More
Explore the Keeper of the Home CollectionHomemade Real Food Healthy Living Faith and Encouragement Keeping the Home Holidays Do It Yourself Natural Remedies Recipes
Have a Question? Ask Ann!


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Got my self a 3d camera, stuck it on 2D thanks to wanky-o-vision
I only drink water and milk, and sometimes orange juice if I have a cold or something.
That, or hot chocolate with marsh-mellows inside for special occasions. Like Christmas.
Otherwise, I wouldn't touch energy drinks or sodas. I'm not a huge fan of 'em.
Got my self a 3d camera, stuck it on 2D thanks to wanky-o-vision
Spoiler Alert!@TNightsOfGaming - My inane prattle
I hope Ninty or Game Freak goes after 'em via lawsuit and wins. It's 'bout time they get to sue someone, rather than suffer yet another bullshit claim on top'a the millions they've already withstood.
... That, and PETA deserves it simply 'cause they're PETA.
"Today the nonprofit Center for Consumer Freedom(CCF) published documents online, obtained by a Freedom of Information Act request, showing that People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) killed a staggering 95.9 percent of the adoptable pets in its care during 2011."
I just ignore PETA since they're all either...
A: A bunch of crazies.
B: A bunch of idiotic extremists.
C: A bunch of idiotic sheep
D: No idea what they're gettin' themselves into by followin' these bunch'a assholes, and are therefore sheep, idiots or not.
Anyone who takes PETA seriously, besides the fact they seriously need to be disbanded, needs t' listen to a certain joker's quote 'till they stop. I mean shit, why take a bunch'a fools seriously when ya can have fun laughin' at 'em instead? As mentioned in Bloke's thread, that flash made me lolhard.
Bah, if only there was a bird sanctuary near me,
Then my videos will be full of birds
Spoiler Alert!@TNightsOfGaming - My inane prattle


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Office Space With Stephen Root ("Milton") Live: 15th Anniversary Screening at SF Sketchfest
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for Office Space was Saturday August 16, 2014 / 9:00pm.
Currently at The Castro Theatre
Tested: The Show: Popular Web Tech Show Comes to the Stage
- Full Price:
- $15 - $20
- Our Price:
Special effects gurus Adam Savage, Will Smith and Norman Chan of Tested.com roll up their sleeves… More
Venue Details
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from panflash
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Janet and I had a great time at this event. The Castro Theatre is a great venue to show these type of movies. The neighborhood is festive and fun to window shop (well maybe not for kids eyes). For being a old theatre the seats were comfortable and the popcorn tasty. As always Office Space is a real treat to see. The big plus was meeting Mr. Stephen Root "Milton". At the Q&A after the movie Mr. Root showed to have a fun and business side when it came to acting. "He likes a good script." Tickets were in order when we arrived. Thank you Goldstar and the Castro Theatre for a fun date night!!!
star this review starred report as inappropriate
It was a pleasure to see Stephen Root be interviewed. I just wish the Q&A could have lasted longer.
star this review starred report as inappropriate
Great movie and Stephen Root's Q&A was very personable
star this review starred report as inappropriate
Its great to see movies with other people that love the same movie. Its a really unique experience.
Many times people ask me. How do you make cauliflower puree. Usually i start with a full head of cauliflower. I cut it up into florets and the...continued
Running time is two hours.


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My wife and I bought two of the programs that Dean endorses. Never should anyone be sold both, we put in countless hours with 0 results and never found time to even try the second program, then all of the mentoring ended, through a special event in Las Vegas we purchased a house fairly reasonably through Property Direct with the property manager already in place. The house was out of state so it was very inconvenient to visit, we trusted our... Read more ›
Read this if you are going to a free event. You will know what your in for beforehand and then you can make your own decision... I got a package in the mail saying you have been invited to a free event. I went to that It was more based on selling you their their 3 day seminar but there was a little information shared. THey would like you to sign up for a 3 day event that will cost you almost 2 grand. I did sign up and went to the 3 day event.... Read more ›
I cancelled all of my plans as did my guest to attend. We attended on time, yet were not told that it would be close to 3 hours we were forced to leave after 90 minutes because our babysitter needed to go home not one notification tells you how long this "live broadcast" (which it wasn't) would take. We were told that we could NOT have any of the books, or able to enter to win the house AS PROMISSED, nothing was FREE you had to sign up for... Read more ›
So glad I didn't spend my money. I attended the workshop last week. They wanted $1997 for the 3 day workshop. I contacted my grandmother who would have given me the money but my grandad wasn't there to talk it over with him first. I left early from the seminar since I wan't able to pay the fee for the class. I had been feeling down the last few days feeling like I missed out on a good opportunity. Just glad I didn't get scammed.... Read more ›
On my journey to purse my career in Real Estate, I researched some books, looked over the internet, and the Dean Graziosi was hitting really hard. He was said to be the best on this field and was I lucky that he was having a seminar not so far from my house. Just a few miles drive away from home. So I signed up on the day of the seminar as scheduled. I was charged $2000 cash, and so I entered the hotel for the seminar. ***, I was expecting so... Read more ›
Am I the only person that has noticed that Dean Graziozi lacks an Adam's Apple? His lack of a male's voice and feminine features was the first clue. Talking to a camera whilst driving down the highway was my other clue...I have no quarrel with crossdressers/transvestites/transexuals/whatever...but I don't want a man in a dress trying to rip me off much less a woman impersonator. It is bad enough that this housing market has brought... Read more ›
I bought dean graziosi's books. what a huge mistake that was. I then as solicited by phone by some ***, well maybe I was the ***, however you would like to look at it. I bought in to this guy's ***. I then found out these company's were from Utah they were in bed together or business together however you want to look at it. One was called PMI and the other was called the tax club. They have some many bad reviews about them they had... Read more ›
Do not send Dean or his henchmen any of your hard earned $$$$! After you buy Dean's book a few groups will call you to extract money from you. This is really how Dean makes his money, not from real estate but by scamming hard-working Americans. These groups are ITS Training and The Tax Club. ITS is located just down the street from Dean's operation and they are a total ripoff. They will extract any amount of cash they can from you... Read more ›
My husband purchased the "Be a Real Estate Millionaire" book. He never opened it and then we started to receive monthly billings for $29.95. When I called the company to ask if I could return it for a refund, they pretty much told me TOO BAD, even tho the package was unopened and the internet site, which was what the $29.95 per month was for was never accessed. They also called a few times for more money! Steer clear of this company... Read more ›
Dean company is the biggest ***-artist I've ever met. This guy has taken people for their hard earn money and lied about how you can make money. I have lost my job and this company still wont give me back my $8,500. I am now in the process of suing this company and ITV for having this crooked man on their show. I thought that I was signing up for a honest program but found out later it's all a scam to beat people out of their money. The... Read more ›


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
- Major Perth road closures, including Mitchell Freeway, for Gran Fondo cycling
- Major road closures will be in place on Friday and Sunday as Perth hosts the UCI Gran Fondo World Championship. Road users are advised to plan ahead and allow extra travel time as the international cycling event is expected to cause delays. Greater ...
- Barrow Hanley Mewhinney & Strauss LLC Has $8471000 Stake in Gran Tierra Energy
- Barrow Hanley Mewhinney & Strauss LLC boosted its stake in shares of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. (NYSE:GTE) by 40.5% during the fourth quarter, according to its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
- Family 'waiting patiently' for Zephany to come home' says gran
- Zephany Nurse's biological grandmother Zephra Nurse outside the Cape Town High Court on February 22, 2016 in Cape Town, South Africa. The trial of the woman accused of abducting baby Zephany Nurse 19 years ago continues in court today. Image by: ...
- Gran, 89, left waiting for ambulance in the snow for three hours despite NINE
- An 89-year-old grandmother was left waiting on a snowy pavement for an ambulance for three hours despite nine 999 calls. Doreen Gibson broke her nose and suffered severe bruising after falling but was forced to lie on a freezing pavement waiting for ...
Gran is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Gran books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Gran Topics
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© 2000 - 2016 Realmagick.com, All Rights Reserved.


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Red Herring
A selection of articles related to red herring.
Original articles from our library related to the Red Herring. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Red Herring.
- Mythic Heroes of Celtic Ireland
- The Celtic mythology of Ireland is best summarized as consisting of four broad cycles. This month's article deals with mythic Celtic mortals, figures who populate the stories in the second and third cycles below. Four Cycles of Irish Mythology Foundation...
Saga of Times Past >> Legend and Prehistory
- Basics of Magick: The Use of Color in Magick
- White | Silver | Grey | Pink | Red | Purple | Brown | Blue | Green | Yellow | Gold | Black In magick, colors represent certain energies, goals, people and non-physical beings, such as deities or spiritual forces. For this reason, you should include candles,...
Symbology >> Colorology
- Red: Correspondences
- Definition: The color of intensity, passion, devotion, sex Magickal Powers: love, protection Element: Fire Direction: South Gender: Female or male, leaning toward male issues and intensity Season: Summer Stage of Life: Youth, maturity Candle Magick: Passion,...
Symbology >> Colorology
- The powers of light and color
- The use of colored lights is becoming more popular as people discover the benefits of this practice. Whether to set a mood, calm you down, or wake you up, light has long been used to affect our frame of mind. Colored light is an easy and affordable method of...
Symbology >> Colorology
- King Arthur and the Cymry Heroes
- The Celtic Britons called themselves the Cymry, which meant "fellow countrymen" in their Celtic tongue. Once Roman rule ended in Britain in about 410 A.D., a power vacuum developed, leading to the onslaught of Germanic invasions by Angles and Saxons,...
Saga of Times Past >> Legend and Prehistory
- Colors in Psychology
- "Personality is a mask you believe in." Dr. White If you wish to accomplish change through color then it makes sense to first take a look at your own reactions on colors. First choose your favorite color(s) from the color fields below, next pick out...
Symbology >> Colorology
Red Herring is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Red Herring books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Maharashtra: Marathi v. outsiders issue red herring in controversy over auto
- The Marathis-versus-outsiders debate in the issuance of autorickshaw permits that Raj Thackeray's Maharashtra Navnirman Sena has been harping on over the past few days has left both rickshaw drivers of all hues and unions bemused. This is because ...
- The red herring that was the Sovereignty Bill
- It seems an age away now, but about three weeks ago there was a lot of talk in the media about how the Government would introduce a "Sovereignty Bill".
- AlphaSense Raises $33m Funding Round
- AlphaSense, a search engine for finance professionals, has raised $33 million in growth capital from Tribeca Venture Partners, Triangle Peak Partners and Quantum Strategic Partners. Individual investors such as former Reuters CEO Tom Glocer also ...
- Snapchat raises $175m at previous $16bn valuation
- Messaging app Snapchat has raised $175 million in fresh funding at the same $16 billion valuation it had a year ago, according to reports from Reuters and The Wall Street Journal. The new funds are an extension of the Series F round which the company ...
- Sky Invests $45m in Streaming Service iFlix
- iFlix, a rival of Netflix in Southeast Asia, has received $45 million in investment from U.K. broadcaster Sky.
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