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About Town
Weave these words into your dialogue:
Insatiable – constantly wanting more.
Insipid – without flavor, tasteless.
Laity – all the people not among the clergy.
Lascivious – characterized by lust or lewdness.
Man of letters – writer, scholar, editor.
Megalomania – delusions of grandeur, power.
Puissant – powerful, strong, mighty.
Sagacity – sound judgment, intelligence.
It was a cold Saturday morning. Even so, golf was on my mind. So unable to resist, I grabbed my driver and 3 metal, plunked down $15, and spent an hour or so hitting golf balls at the newly opened Papi J's Fairway Grille and Indoor Golf in the Shop'n Save Plaza on Pennsylvania Avenue in Weirton.
The manager and chief executive officer, Jason Cupps, 39, patiently described the full-swing, simulated golf practice range. I had a good workout.
Jason said there were 92 golf courses to play on the simulated setup, one of them being Oakmont. The full complex – Papi J's Fairway Grille and Indoor Golf – will have hours from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Best wishes to the new business!
The 78th annual membership meeting and banquet of the Weirton Area Chamber of Commerce drew a large crowd at the Serbian-American Cultural Center. The food was excellent and Chamber President Brenda Mull kept the program moving as she reviewed the chamber's many accomplishments.
First Choice America Credit Union was recognized for its 75th anniversary year and the entire Board of Directors was on hand, plus the marketing team.
My good neighbor, retiring bank executive Bill D'Alesio, was honored as a past chamber board member, as were printer Joe Stankiewicz and funeral home owner Doug Finton.
It was good to see Arden O. Ford, vice president of operations at Hancock County Savings Bank, who said he reads our column. Thank you, Arden.
Overheard: "It's hard to make a comeback when you haven't been anywhere."
I have this good friend who has great respect for old age – especially if it is bottled!
Last week I went to a psychiatrist and told him I am always forgetting things.
I asked him what I should do. He suggested I pay him in advance!
It was nice to receive a phone call from Jim Longacre, resident of The Villages, Fla. Jim worked for Weirton Steel for many years and later was executive director of Weirton United Way.
A co-worker asked, "Is there ever a day that mattresses are not on sale?"
Overheard: "I might resume exercising so I can hear heavy breathing again."
Old age is all in your head: hair loss, glaucoma, hearing aids, cataracts and Alzheimer's. To old timers, Happy Hour is a nap! Count me in.
I got a chuckle upon reading this: "A dentist and a manicurist married. They fought tooth and nail."
Thank a veteran today!
About Town
Weave these words into your vocabulary:
Fealty – loyalty, faithfulness.
Capricious – erratic, flighty.
Detritus – pile of material or debris.
Ergonomics – adapting work to suit the worker.
Ophthalmologist – he or she deals with the eye.
Shillelagh – Irish walking stick.
Oscillate – swinging back and forth.
Portmanteau – a traveling case or bag.
Platitude – commonplace, trite speech.
Egregious – flagrant, conspicuously bad.
Sacrosanct – very sacred, holy.
Hats off to the staff and all committee members and supporters who contributed to the 2013 Weirton United Way campaign. Together, you enabled the charity to meet its goal: that of feeding and caring for the hungry, the poor, the elderly, the sick and those who suffer in disasters. Good work!
The St. Patrick's Day party of C.H.A.N.G.E. Inc. at Mountaineer had all of the ingredients of a well-planned party, including good food, hot music and lots of people in Irish dress. Among them was Tom McDonald, in full regalia. As fund-raising events go, this one was a winner. As always, It was fun to sit with Jack Thayer and his lovely escort, Janet Stagani, among others at our table.
A shout-out to Don Hickey of Marland Heights, whom I met at the C.H.A.N.G.E. Inc. party. Don is a letter carrier with 27 years of service and my house is on his route. Thank you for the first class service, Mr. Hickey!
"Woman is that peculiar class
Which stops before a looking glass
And in herself sees every flaw
Would man his faults as clearly saw!"
(A couplet by Edgar A. Guest)
So this housework-challenged husband decided to wash his sweat shirt.
Seconds after he stepped into the laundry room, he shouted to ask, "What setting do I use on the washing machine?"
"It depends," the wife replied. "What does it say on your shirt?"
The guy yelled back, "Pitt Panthers."
Somebody somewhere whispered to me: "First-time romance; second-time finance."
"Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest."
–Mark Twain.
Somewhere I saw this sign: "Middle age is when your old classmates are so gray and wrinkled and bald, they don't recognize you."
The lady down the street was describing her ideal vacation: nice room with a view of the ocean, big screen television and a short walk to a casino!
Overheard: "I gave up drinking, smoking and golf last week. It was the worst 15 minutes of my life."
These words describe me pretty well: "I love everything that's old: old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wine."
– "She Stoops to Conquer," Act 1, Scene 2.
Overheard: "I've been calculating my net worth. In a decade or so, I should have one."
I picked the Florida Gators to take it all in college basketball this year.
About Town
Employ any of these words in your next letter:
Lexophile – lover of words.
In vino veritas – in wine there is truth.
Magnus Opus – a great work of art or music.
Intrepid – bold, fearless, brave.
Inveigh – to make a violent verbal attack.
Non sequitur – conclusion that does not follow.
Paragon – a model of excellence.
Pernicious – causing great injury.
Renege – to deny, renounce.
Timorous – full of or subject to fear.
I have yet to see the Oscar winning movie, "All Quiet On the Western Front," named best picture in 1930. I am told it is an excellent film. Wonder if it rivals our choice for best movie ever, "Saving Private Ryan."
After reading the fascinating Boscov's Department Store ad in the Wheeling newspaper, I intend to make my first visit to their local store. Boscov's is celebrating 100 years of success.
Overheard: "Every time my husband manages to get his temper under control, he plays another round of golf."
Is it true that the San Francisco cable cars are the only mobile national monuments? Perhaps so.
In a cruel winter like we're having, to combat the tenacious cold, snow and ice, a bachelor friend of mine acquired one of those soothing, comforting portable heaters. Yep. Her name is Amber!
A great line attributed to a legend among college football coaches, Bear Bryant: "A team has one heartbeat together."
Here are some lines for golfers from Edgar A. Guest, who at one time was America's greatest poet:
"You may brag of your scores and may boast of your skill
You may think as a golfer you're good.
But if footprints you make in the traps you don't fill
You don't love the game as you should;
For your attitude unto the spot you enjoy
Isn't proven by brilliance or force;
The proof of a golfer – now get this, my boy!
Is the care which he takes of the course."
I thought this was clever: "I have been in many places, but I've never been in Cahoots. Apparently you can't go alone. You have to be in Cahoots with someone. I've also never been in Cognito. I have, however, been in Sane. I have also been in Doubt. Sometimes I'm in Capable, and I go there more often as I'm getting older.
My choice for taking it all in the upcoming NCAA basketball tournament: the Florida Gators.
Picks by others:
Rick Smith – Kansas;
Phil Rujak – Wichita State;
David Ralston – Duke;
Dan Greathouse – Florida;
Dean Berardino -Michigan State;
Don Gianni Jr. – Kansas;
Tom McDonald -Syracuse; and
Jim Friebe – Syracuse.


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Tag: computer model
Forensic reconstruction from an interdisciplinary research team offers new insight into the tragic disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 on March 8, 2014. More than one year later, the fate of that Boeing 777 jet and all 239 people aboard is still being investigated. According to the work of a leading applied mathematician and several colleagues, there Read more…
The top research stories of the week include the 2012 Turing Prize winners; an examination of MIC acceleration in short-range molecular dynamics simulations; a new computer model to help predict the best HIV treatment; the role of atmospheric clouds in climate change models; and more reliable HPC cloud computing.
The world's fastest computer has created the fastest computer simulation of the human heart. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Sequoia supercomputer, a TOP500 chart topper, was built to handle top secret nuclear weapons simulations, but before it goes behind the classified curtain, it is generating sophisticated cardiac simulations.
The bar for what qualifies as a fast connection or "low latency" networking has always been higher in finance than in other areas of corporate networking. It's never been quite this high, however.
Computer model used to illuminate patient-drug compatibility.

subset: commoncrawl


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Being healthy and fit has gone mainstream--millions sweat the calories away on the roads or in health clubs and scrutinize labels and menus trying to do the right thing to control weight, delay aging, and feel healthy, fit, and energetic. And it's simply not working. Rates of obesity, diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and cancer continue to climb, and even the most committed fitness enthusiasts often carry 10 or 20 extra pounds of body fat.In this updated and expanded… (more)
Publisher: Primal Nutrition, Inc. (December 31, 2009)
Format: EPUB
Page count: 283 pages
File size: 2.7 MB
Protection: DRM
Language: English


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Harley-Davidson announces 28 musical acts for 110th anniversary celebration
Lupe Fiasco, the Doobie Brothers, Brantley Gilbert, ZZ Top and Joan Jett & the Blackhearts are among the 28 acts announced Friday that will be performing at Harley-Davidson's 110th anniversary celebration at the Summerfest grounds Aug. 29 to 31.
Other acts announced include rapper Common, recent Grammy winners Halestorm, recently announced Summerfest 2013 headliner the Dropkick Murphys and, fittingly enough, "Sons of Anarchy" star Katey Sagal, who will perform with her band, the Forest Rangers. »Read Full Article(35)
Players, chorus unite for soaring MSO performance
The Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra may have had top billing for Friday's night's concert at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, but the MSO Chorus members were the real stars of the evening.
Led by MSO Associate Conductor Francesco Lecce-Chong, the program included three contrasting choral and/or orchestral works. Prepared by chorus director Lee Erickson, each required the chorus to flex a different set of vocal and/or choral muscles. »Read Full Article
World's Stage Theatre stages disturbing 'Phaedra's Love'
In the first scene of "Phaedra's Love" — the Sarah Kane play being staged by The World's Stage Theatre Company, under Leda Hoffmann's direction — a slovenly man is eating junk food while watching TV in the dark. Excited by on-screen violence, he unzips his pants and masturbates into a sock.
And that's just for starters. In the ensuing hour, we'll witness two sex acts, a brutal rape, a strangulation and disembowelment, two murders, an immolation of a woman who killed herself offstage and an on-stage suicide. »Read Full Article
More things to do this week
Put a bead on it
The Bead and Button Show, taking place Wednesday through June 9 at the Wisconsin Center, 400 W. Wisconsin Ave., offers over 800 classes in bead and jewelry making. The marketplace will be open June 6-8 and boasts over 300 vendors. Jewelers interested in the classes and workshops should go to www.beadandbuttonshow.com. The marketplace will be open at 10 a.m. each day and closes at 8 p.m. June 6, 6 p.m. June 7 and 4 p.m. June 8. Admission is $10 (or $8 with a coupon at the website); free June 6 from 4 to 8 p.m. and two-for-the-price-of-one on June 8. »Read Full Article


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Monthly Archives: May 2011
Tips for a wonderful long 'Ascension-weekend'
Ascension Day falls on a Thursday, so this is your chance to take a day off on Friday and enjoy a wonderful, long weekend. Stay for example a couple of days in a bed & breakfast: affordable and original. Or find yourself a nice B&B-adress elsewhere in Europe. Continue reading
Posted in B&B tips Tagged Ascension, B&B, bed & breakfast Leave a comment
Google Street View on Bedandbreakfast.eu!
Since recently we offer a innovative feature to visitors of Bedandbreakfast.eu. You can now virtually walk through the neighbourhood of many bed & breakfasts on our website. Continue reading
Posted in News Tagged B&B, bed & breakfast, Google, street view Leave a comment
Surprise your family with a European breakfast
Many bed & breakfast innkeepers serve their guests a capacious and surprising breakfast. Why not prepare such a special breakfast yourself, inspired by foreign cuisine! Here are three simple recipes for French, Dutch and Spanish delicacies to start with. Bon appétit!. Continue reading
Posted in General Tagged B&B, bed & breakfast, bed and breakfast, breakfast, cooking, dinner Leave a comment
Bed & breakfast in a tree-trunk cabin
Meet the 'Design B&B'. A wooden garden house by the hand of the dutch designer Piet Hein Eek, well-known for his demolition wood furniture. The small chalet is a rectangular block made up of dozens of round logs. Continue reading
Posted in B&B tips, Luxury B&B, News Tagged B&B, bed & breakfast, bed and breakfast, design, sustainability Leave a comment
Dining at a B&B: personal and authentic
A 'private cook', nice company and an authentic environment: dining at a bed and breakfast is almost a guarantee for a great evening. Most of the time the B&B owner exclusively cooks for you and other guests of the bed & breakfast. If possible while using fresh ingredients harvested from the garden. Continue reading
Posted in Luxury B&B Tagged B&B, bed & breakfast, bed and breakfast, cooking, dinner, exclusive Leave a comment


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Fixed PriceBudget: $175
Start DateApril 1, 2013
I need to have a 3D Modeling done of this sign that will be compatible with Enroute Pro. (I think STL Files might be compatible) We need to have a sign made to replace one that was stolen. We have had many done through http://atlassignsandplaques.com/ where we give them a vector file of the Bronze Sign and they make a new one out of HDU Foam.
This sign though has a sculpted 3D Effect, not just raised letters. So enclosed are pics of the Farragut Sign we need Duplicated and a few close up pics of the top of another one that has the same exact top as the missing sign and some artwork we have done. Sign Dimensions are 18" tall by 16" wide. The Letters are just raised but we need the 3D sculpting effect on the Top with the Ship, Island and Seal plus the Fascist Symbol Hammers. We have no way of making it 3D. Do you offer this service? We will be using your file to have them duplicated at http://atlassignsandplaques.com/ so if you need to coordinate any thing with them Janey is the contact.
Thank you.
- Gary
About the Client
United States
Vallejo 04:37 PM
Job Posted
100% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
1 Hire, 0 Active


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Los Alamos Monitor Reporter Arin McKenna interviewed three members of the "Manhattan" production staff on set this summer. Watch the interviews at the links below and read her full interview with Alex Wellerstein in Sunday's Los Alamos Monitor.
Interview with "Manhattan" Historical Consultant Alex Wellerstein and Science Consultant David Saltzberg at www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUTpdi4uyVs&feature=youtu.be.
Interview with "Manhattan" Production Designer Ruth Ammon at www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz7IGZWgGls&feature=youtu.be
Despite several Fuller Lodge Historic District Advisory Board members expressing a preference for no elevator at Fuller Lodge, they agreed by a 4−1 vote to recommend an option for an ADA elevator in the location of the current elevator. Read the full story in Friday's Los Alamos Monitor.
The county Eco Station will be closed Monday, Oct. 12 (Columbus Day) for Environmental Division training. Trash and recycling will be picked up on Wednesday, Oct. 14 for those with Monday trash service. All other County facilities are open on the Columbus Day holiday.
The Fuller Lodge Historic District Advisory Board will vote on its recommendation regarding an elevator at Fuller Lodge at 5:30 p.m. this evening at Fuller Lodge.
County Administer Harry Burgess announced on Tuesday that Housing and Special Projects Manager Paul Andrus will serve as interim director of the Community and Economic Development Department until a replacement can be found for Anne Laurent. Laurent has accepted a position in Park City, Utah.
Read Burgess' farewell to Laurent in Friday's Los Alamos Monitor.
Public Works Director Philo Shelton announced at Thursday's Transportation Board meeting that construction on 20th Street was completed that afternoon and the road is now open.
An Atomic City Transit Dial-a-Ride bus was involved in an accident on Nm 4 near White Rock this morning. The ACT bus driver took evasive action to avoid a near head on collision. The shoulder was soft and the bus rolled onto its side.
The bus was carrying two passengers. There were no injuries on the Dial-a-Ride vehicle, but the driver of the other vehicle was transported to Los Alamos Medical Center.
The road was closed for a short time to clear the accident but has re-opened now.
An accident involving an Atomic City Transit bus that backed up traffic on southbound NM4 this morning has been cleared. Traffic is now beginning to flow unimpeded.
An accident involving an Atomic City Transit bus has traffic backed up on southbound NM4. The bus has been cleared but traffic is still slow. Follow the Los Alamos Monitor for more on this story.
LOS ALAMOS, N.M., September 28 – The Department of Energy Environmental Management Los Alamos Field Office (EM-LA) will hold a public meeting on proposed actions to address the presence of chromium in the regional aquifer at Mortandad Canyon from 6 to 8 p.m. September 30, 2015 at the Cities of Gold Conference Center in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Groundwater sampling data from monitoring wells at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) show the presence of chromium contamination exceeding the New Mexico groundwater standard of 50 parts per billion in the regional aquifer. This has resulted from historical use of potassium dichromate – a corrosion inhibitor – in non-nuclear cooling-tower water that was discharged through an outfall into Sandia Canyon as part of operational maintenance activities.
DOE is proposing an interim measure to control downgradient migration of the chromium plume to prevent it from travelling beyond the Los Alamos National Laboratory boundary. The interim measure is needed to address the increasing chromium concentration of chromium at the Laboratory boundary. DOE is also proposing chromium plume-center characterization. Information obtained from the additional characterization will be used in identifying remediation alternatives for chromium contamination in groundwater.
Copyright © 2016
The Los Alamos Monitor is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Los Alamos County and Los Alamos, NM, and the surrounding area.


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We demonstrate tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of CO2 and NH3 near 1.5 µm using a distributed feedback diode laser in conjunction with hollow optical waveguides as long-path sample cells. The waveguides are coiled to reduce the physical extent of the system. The small volume of the waveguide provides rapid instrument response to changes in gas concentration. To reduce the pressure drop associated with long lengths and high flow rates, we perforate the waveguides in a novel geometry providing parallel pneumatic paths while maintaining optical path length. A minimum detectable absorbance of 3.5 × 10-5 in a 3-m section of waveguide is demonstrated.
© 2002 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
A selection of articles related to coffin.
Original articles from our library related to the Coffin. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Coffin.
- Osiris and the journey to Eternal Life
- Osiris, the king of Egypt was beloved by all his people. He taught them to plow the earth, to honor the gods and he gave them laws to live by. But his brother Seth was jealous and plotted against him to become king in his place. Even though his queen, Isis,...
Deities & Heros >> Greek
- Nut/Newet
- Nut, belonging to the Heliopolitan Ennead was the mistress of all heavenly bodies and was thought to be reaching across the sky from horizon to horizon, touching them with her hands and feet. She was seen as the mother of Re, who swallowed him up every...
Deities & Heros >> Egyptian
- Path/Peteh
- Ptah, Peteh, 'South of His Wall', 'The Ancient One', worshipped in Mennefer (Gr: Memphis) already in the early dynastic period, probably at first as the local patron of craftsmanship, his High Priest in Mennefer was titled 'Greatest of the controllers of...
Deities & Heros >> Egyptian
- Selket/Serqet
- Her name means 'She who causes to breathe' and refers to her power of protecting from, or curing poisonous stings of scorpions and serpents. The reason for this might lie in the fact that those who have been bitten tend to breathe too fast and too shallow...
Deities & Heros >> Egyptian
- Egyptian Temples, part I: A Reflection of Heaven
- Introduction The Egyptian religion can be seen as a system of thought, a means of structuring the world, and of maintaining it so as to make it possible for Creation to persist. It reflected both life on earth among the humans and life on a higher plane among...
Religions >> Egyptian
- King James Bible: Genesis, Chapter 50
- Chapter 50 50:1 And Joseph fell upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. 50:2 And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. 50:3 And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are...
Old Testament >> Genesis
Coffin is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Coffin books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Nancy Reagan: Coffin placed in presidential library before funeral
- The coffin of former US First Lady Nancy Reagan has been placed in the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California for public viewing. Members of the armed services accompanied the hearse as it arrived at the library in the Simi Valley city.
- Seizure of news agency is 'nail in coffin of journalism in Turkey'
- "The seizure of the news agency following that of Zaman is another nail in the coffin of journalism in Turkey," said Yavuz Baydar, founding member of the Platform for Independent Journalism (P24).
- The Mind Of Conner Coffin
- 'Cause Santa Barbara's 22-year-old Conner Coffin has been waiting for this moment — CT qualification — for all his life…Oh, Lord. A moment that, for hundreds of other QS grinders, does not come easily.
- Poignant scenes as Vinnie Ryan's tricolour-draped coffin carried to its final
- Friends and family members took turns carrying the coffin, which was draped in a tricolour, as they slowly made their way from the Ryan home in Grange Abbey to the Church of the Holy Trinity in Donaghmede today. A major garda security operation was put ...
- 3000-year-old fingerprints found on ancient Egyptian coffin lid
- This finding "bring us closer to the people who made the coffins," the museum said in a statement.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
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text:
Raw score: 57%
AVOID: the heavenbound. Your path is downward, and you'll need a guide.
Their Analysis (Vertical line = Average)
They scored 57% on hellishness, higher than 33% of your peers.
All possible test results
You scored the highest possible goodness rating on this test! Your intentions are pure and admirable! For you, sex is a spiritual outlet; it is a loving threesome involving you, your partner, and God.... Read more
Decent, honorable, honest, but not totally pure. Still, you have earned a spot in sexual heaven. You seek pleasure but you won't be reckless about it. You can get dirty under the right circumst... Read more
Purgatorial creature, neither pure nor dirty: I feel for you. Until I learned to accept my own darker instincts, I was once just like you. You've been known to indulge your devilish urg... Read more
You're a fallen angel. There's some innocence there, but the sexual dark side has called you and, possibly, is already using you. But you're not evil, just naughty; dirty, but not filthy. You'r... Read more
You're just about as deep in sexual hellfire as a person can get. Virtually no urge, however demented, will go ungratified; practically no boundary will go uncrossed. You're probably proud of your adv... Read more
There's a special place in Hell for you: the basement penthouse. You scored the nastiest possible score on the Sexual Hell Test. You have no sexual restraint whatsoever. You'll take pleasure however y... Read more
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From the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Drs Song and Kim), Department of Radiology (Dr Do), Department of Pathology (Dr Jang), and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Dr Han), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Dr Colby), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Correspondence to: Dong Soon Kim, MD, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asanbyungwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Funding/Support: This study was supported by grant number 2010-495 from the Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
Reproduction of this article is prohibited without written permission from the American College of Chest Physicians. See online for more details.
Because of the variable course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it is important to generate an accurate prognosis at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of blood biomarkers in IPF.
The plasma level of the biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen, and surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D were retrospectively compared with the clinical course of 118 patients with IPF, 68 of whom had biopsy-proven IPF.
The median follow-up period was 24 months. Multivariate Cox analysis showed MMP-7 (HR, 1.056; P = .0063) and SP-A (HR, 1.011; P = .0001) were significant predictors of survival along with age, FVC, and extent of honeycombing. The patients with high levels of both MMP-7 (≥ 12.1 ng/mL) and SP-A (≥ 80.3 ng/mL) had shorter survival (1-year survival rate: 59%) and higher frequency (42%) of lung function decline (> 10% reduction in FVC in 6 months) compared with those with high levels of one biomarker (1-year survival rate: 81%; FVC decline: 27%) or low levels of both (1-year survival rate: 83.3%; FVC decline: 9%). Multivariate models demonstrated marginal improvement in the prediction of mortality (concordance index [C-index]: 0.731; P = .061) when MMP-7 and SP-A were included and compared with standard clinical predictors only (C-index: 0.686); however, it became significant with addition of MMP-7, SP-A, and Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen (C-index: 0.730; P = .037).
Our retrospective study suggested that at least three biomarkers are necessary to improve predictability of mortality in IPF compared with clinical parameters. Further study in a greater number of patients is warranted.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive parenchymal fibrosis of unknown etiology.1 The overall prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 3 years2; however, the course of disease in individual patients is highly variable.3 Several factors have been reported as prognostic predictors: age, FVC, diffusing capacity (Dlco), serial changes in lung function, and distance or desaturation during the 6-min walk test (6MWT).4‐9 These physiologic parameters have limitations, however, such as dependency on patient effort and need for follow-up, and failure to predict mortality in a significant number of subjects.10 Peripheral blood biomarkers can overcome these disadvantages and are easy to test. Several biomarkers, such as surfactant proteins (SP),11‐15 Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen (KL-6),16,17 CC chemokine ligand-18 (CCL-18),18 and circulating fibrocytes19 have been reported to be useful in predicting outcomes in patients with IPF; however, most of these studies were small and evaluated only one biomarker.
We hypothesized that plasma matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) level may be a useful predictor of IPF outcome20‐23 and a combination of biomarkers including MMP-7 may be a more accurate predictor than any single biomarker alone. To test this hypothesis, we retrospectively analyzed the predictive power of plasma levels of biomarkers (SP-A, SP-D, KL-6, and MMP-7) for clinical outcomes of patients with IPF. Additionally, we compared the predictive power of biomarkers in combination with clinical parameters.
The study subjects were 118 patients with IPF (68 of whom had biopsy-proven IPF) in the pulmonary department at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, between September 2004 and December 2008 whose blood was collected at the time of diagnosis. Ten long-term survivors (survival > 8 years) in whom blood sampling was performed several years after diagnosis, while they were still clinically stable, were included. All subjects met the diagnostic criteria of the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) IPF consensus classification.24 Most of these patients were included in our previous reports.25,26 Informed consent was provided by each patient and the study was approved by the Asan Medical Center Institutional Review Board (approval number 2007-0240).
This was a retrospective study. Clinical and survival data for all patients were obtained from medical records, telephone interviews, and/or the record of National Health Insurance of Korea. Baseline clinical parameters were obtained within 1 month of the diagnosis or of blood sampling.
Lung functions were measured according to ATS recommendations and the results were expressed as percentages of normal predicted values.27‐29 Changes in lung function were presented as the percentage change from the initial value. The 6MWT was performed according to ATS guidelines with a slight modification: The technician followed the patients with continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation but offered no additional remark or encouragement to the patient.30
High-resolution CT (HRCT) images were obtained by using 1-mm or 1.5-mm collimation at least 10-mm intervals and were reconstructed using a high spatial-frequency algorithm. HRCTs were reviewed by one thoracic radiologist (K. H. D.) who was blinded to clinical information about the patient. The extent of emphysema, ground glass opacity, reticulation, consolidation, and honeycombing (HC) was scored on a 5% interval scale for all lobes.31
Blood was taken using a routine procedure and was immediately centrifuged. Plasma was aliquoted and frozen at −80°C until analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Levels of MMP-7 (R&D Systems, Inc), SP-A and SP-D (Biovender Laboratory Medicine, Inc), and KL-6 (EIDIA Co, Ltd) were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. All assays were performed in duplicate, and the mean values were reported.
All values are given as the mean ± SD or median (range) for continuous variables or as percentages for categorical variables. The χ2 or Fisher exact tests were used for categorical data and the unpaired Student t test was used for continuous data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to find the best cutoff value for 1-year survival prediction. Survival was evaluated using a Kaplan-Meier approach and the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of survival and for multivariate Cox proportional hazards prediction models for mortality in patients with IPF. The discriminatory capability of the models was evaluated using the C statistic with concordance index (C-index), which is similar in concept to the area under the ROC curve, which is a logistic model but is appropriate for censored data. The C-index is the concordance probability assigning a higher risk score to a person with event than to a person without event. To compare the discrimination ability, we resorted to a bootstrap resampling procedure to estimate a SE for the observed C-index difference, which is useful when the theoretical derivation is not known. Additionally, the comparison procedure is robust because it is a distribution-free method. P < .05 was considered statistically significant (two-tailed). All data analyses were performed using R software version 2.10.132 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) and SAS statistical software version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc). In particular, the R packages of survival33 and risksetROC34 were used to conduct the survival analysis and the ROC analysis.
The mean age of the subjects was 62 years and 81% were male (Table 1). The median follow-up period was 24 months. Nonsurvivors were older with lower albumin levels and lung function, poorer exercise capacity, and higher scores of HC and total extent on HRCT compared with survivors (Table 1).
Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. 6MWT = 6-min walk test; Dlco = diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; GGO = ground glass opacity; HC = honeycombing; HRCT = high resolution CT; P/F ratio = oxygen tension/fraction of oxygen in inspired air; PFT = pulmonary function test; SpO2 = oxygen saturation; TLC = total lung capacity.
Mean levels of MMP-7, KL-6, SP-A, and SP-D are shown in Table 2. MMP-7 and KL-6 levels were significantly elevated in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (Table 2).
Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. IPF = idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; KL-6 = Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; SP = surfactant protein.
On univariate Cox analysis, all biomarkers tested showed significant predictive value for mortality (Table 3). On multivariate analysis, however, MMP-7 (HR, 1.056; P = .0063) and SP-A (HR, 1.011; P = .0001) were the only biomarkers that were significant independent predictors for mortality, as were the clinical parameters of age, FVC % predicted, and extent of HC.
See Table 1 and Table 2 legends for expansion of abbreviations.
TLC % predicted, lowest Spo2 during 6MWT, and total extent on HRCT were excluded in multivariate analysis due to close correlation among variables (FVC % predicted-TLC % predicted: r = 0.754, P < .001; Dlco-6MWT, lowest SpO2: r = 0.652, P < .001; HC–total extent: r = 0.586, P < .001).
On ROC curve analysis, all four biomarkers were significant predictors of survival. The most accurate, optimal cutoff levels were 12.1 ng/mL for MMP-7 (sensitivity: 71%, specificity: 54%) and 80.3 ng/mL for SP-A (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 67.1%). Survival was significantly shorter in patients with higher levels of these biomarkers than in those with lower levels (e-Fig 1A and 1B, e-Table 1). MMP-7 levels > 12.1 ng/mL were associated with risk of death during follow-up of more than twice that of those with < 12.1 ng/ml. SP-A levels > 80.3 ng/mL were not associated with increased mortality risk (e-Table 2).
The combination of MMP-7 and SP-A was a better predictor of mortality than either biomarker alone. The survival time of the patients with high levels of both biomarkers was shorter (median: 16.9 months) than that of patients with high levels of either biomarker (median: 45.3 months). The risk of death for these patients was 3.8 times greater during follow-up compared with the patients with low levels of both biomarkers (e-Table 3). Fifty-nine percent of the patients with high levels of both MMP-7 and SP-A survived 1 year, whereas 83% of the patients with low levels of both biomarkers survived 1 year (e-Table 2).
To investigate whether the addition of biomarkers would yield a more accurate prognosis than the clinical parameters alone, the C-index of different combinations of clinical parameters and biomarkers were compared. As shown in Table 4, the addition of only one or two biomarkers did not significantly improve the prediction of prognosis compared with clinical parameters alone [age, FVC, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco), and change in FVC during 6 months]. Only addition of three biomarkers (MMP-7, SP-A, and KL-6) significantly improved the accuracy of prediction than clinical parameters only (P = .037); however, the C-index of addition of three biomarkers (0.730) was the same as two biomarkers (MMP7 and SP-A; C-index: 0.731), and further study with a greater number of patients is required.
Clinical variables include age, FVC, Dlco, and change in FVC during 6 mo.
The levels of SP-A and MMP-7 were significantly associated with a reduction in FVC during the 6-month follow-up (Table 5). Furthermore, the combination of two biomarkers predicted disease progression better than either single biomarker: 42% of the patients with high levels of both biomarkers had > 10% decline in FVC in 6 months, whereas only 9% of the patients with low levels of both biomarkers showed disease progression in that period (Table 6).
> 10% FVC decline during 6 mo.
Best cutoff level for disease progression: MMP-7 (sensitivity: 45.3%, specificity: 68.5%), SP-A (sensitivity: 60.9%, specificity: 53.9%).
Our study showed that plasma levels of the biomarkers MMP-7 and SP-A were useful predictors of poor disease outcomes, including mortality and disease progression (loss of lung function), in patients with IPF. The combination of two indices yielded a more accurate prediction than either index alone. However, the combination of MMP-7 and SP-A with the clinical parameters was only marginally superior to the clinical characteristics alone; the addition of KL-6 made it statistically significant, suggesting that baseline plasma levels of the biomarkers MMP-7, SP-A, and KL-6 provide substantial additive predictive value for prognosis in patients with IPF.
Reported predictors of survival have included physiologic parameters: the baseline FVC, Dlco, and 6MWT, and serial changes in lung function (ie, FVC, Dlco) over 6- or 12-month intervals.6‐8 However, even serial changes in physiologic parameters failed to predict mortality in a significant number of patients.10 Plasma biomarkers have the advantage of being easy to sample and they are independent of any effort on the patient's part. Several blood biomarkers, such as SP-A,11‐13 SP-D,11,12,14,15 KL-6,16,17 CCL-18,18 and circulating fibrocytes19 have been suggested as prognostically useful. However, most of the studies were modest in size and assayed only one or a few markers. Furthermore, some studies were performed before the ATS/ERS consensus classification1 and might have included patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Therefore, the true value of biomarkers remained unclear and they have not been widely used in clinical practice.
Takahashi et al11 found that high levels of serum SP-A and SP-D were associated with mortality in 52 patients with IPF. Greene et al12 reported that the levels of serum SP-A (log of SP-A, HR: 1.73; P = .031) and SP-D (log of SP-D, HR: 2.04; P = .003) in patients with IPF (n = 142) were significant predictors of mortality after adjusting for smoking history and age. These studies were performed before the current ATS/ERS consensus classification for the diagnosis of IPF.1 Kinder et al13 found that serum SP-A levels (each increase of 48.7 ng/mL, HR: 3.27, P = .003) were associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality after controlling for known clinical predictors. There was no significant association between SP-D level and mortality, although addition of SP-D to SP-A improved 1-year mortality prediction significantly (area under the curve, 0.89 vs 0.76; P = .03).
The concentration of KL-6, a mucin-like, high-molecular-weight glycoprotein in serum and BAL fluid, was reported to be elevated in various interstitial lung diseases (ILDs); however, it is not specific for ILD and the number of studies is limited. Satoh et al35 reported that patients with higher levels of KL-6 had increased risk of mortality (P = .0004) in 209 patients with ILD. Yokoyama et al17 reported higher median survival (36 months) in patients with a KL-6 level < 1,000 units/mL than in patients with high KL-6 level (18 months) in 27 patients with IPF.17 Thus, KL-6 has not yet been validated as a biomarker for prognosis. Our study showed that as a single biomarker, KL-6 is weakly predictive, but in combination with the established clinical parameters, KL-6 had no additional value.
Matrix degrading enzymes of the MMP family, which cleave all components of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes,21 also process bioactive mediators and modulate their activity.22 Therefore, MMPs may have a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. A microarray-based study23 showed MMP7 as the most informative gene in IPF. In support of this hypothesis, MMP-7 knockout mice were protected from bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Rosas et al36 reported that MMP-7 and MMP-1 were elevated in the plasma, serum, BAL fluid, and lung tissue of patients with IPF. However, MMP-7 is not specific for IPF; similar gene expression patterns37 and high levels of MMP-7 in lung tissue and BAL fluid were reported in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.38,39
The exact mechanism of increased plasma MMP-7 is uncertain; previous results26,37,39 suggest that activated epithelial cells in IPF lungs are the likely source. Rosas et al36 showed that blood MMP-7 level was also significantly higher in patients with early, subclinical lung disease and was correlated with the degree of lung function impairment, suggesting that MMP-7 may be a marker of disease severity. There were, however, no data on the correlation between MMP-7 levels and prognosis. Our study showed that plasma levels of MMP-7 and SP-A were significant independent predictors of both mortality and disease progression. Furthermore, MMP-7 level was correlated with disease severity, showing relationships not only to static lung function but also to the change in FVC over 6 months, the lowest saturation during the 6MWT, and extent of HC and total disease on HRCT (data not shown).
Just prior to submission of our manuscript, Richards et al40 reported that five biomarkers MMP-7, (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1, IL-8, vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1, and S100A12) among 95 proteins measured by luminex and ELISA were significant predictors of prognosis in 140 patients with IPF. Their study is important because they identified several new possible predictors of prognosis by testing a large number of proteins and the results were confirmed in a separate validation cohort. However, as in the validation cohort, the efficacy of each biomarker varied according to the end points. The major strength of our manuscript is that we tested and compared the efficacy of multiple, known biomarkers both individually and in combination with other biomarkers and clinical parameters to find the best predictors of the course of the disease in routine clinical settings. Furthermore we used C statistics and the best threshold level of each biomarker decided by ROC curve analysis, whereas Richards et al40 dichotomized the plasma level into a low group and a high group using the profile-likelihood method, which tests associations between the time to event and risk factors.
Because we are interested in the predictive value of the biomarkers at the individual level rather than at the population level of relative risk, use of C statistics is more appropriate than association tests.41 du Bois et al42 reported that the combination of age, FVC, change in FVC over 6 months, and hospitalization due to respiratory problems provided a good indicator for future mortality. This important study used also C statistics and showed that the combination of readily ascertainable parameters can predict outcomes more accurately. The predictive efficacy of all parameters (C-index) of du Bois et al42 was higher than in our study, which may be due to larger sample size (n = 1,099) and prospective design. Our study showed only marginal improvement of prediction accuracy by the addition of two biomarkers (MMP7 and SP-A) compared with clinical parameters (P = .061), whereas the improvement by adding three biomarkers (MMP-7, SP-A, and KL-6) was statistically significant (P = .037). However, measurement of three biomarkers is more difficult. Furthermore, the C-index of three biomarkers (0.730) was the same as that of two biomarkers (0.731), which was well demonstrated in the ROC curve analysis (e-Fig 2). Statistical significance of the combination of two biomarkers was only marginal in our study, which might be due to small sample size, and we think that further study with larger number of the subjects will show statistical significance.
The present study had several limitations. This was a retrospective review of patients from a single, tertiary referral center, although it started as a prospective cohort, and the study was restricted to patients who agreed to blood collection. Therefore, the subjects may not be representative of all patients with IPF; however, baseline characteristics and outcome were not different from our whole cohort (data not shown) and other IPF series. The second limitation is that demonstrated prognostic factors (eg, CCL-18)18 were not included; the measurement of CCL-18 level by ELISA requires high standardization of the entire procedure from drawing blood to freezing and thawing. In addition, there was some concern about the reproducibility and internal validity of these methods.43 Finally, the follow-up period of this study was short, although it was sufficient to reveal the prognostic value of such biomarkers. Despite these limitations, our study is the first to attempt to compare the prognostic value of different plasma biomarkers, including MMP-7, and to propose the best biomarkers to predict prognoses in patients with IPF.
Our data showed that blood levels of MMP-7 and SP-A are useful predictors of mortality and disease progression in IPF. The combination of both biomarkers yielded only marginally better prediction than clinical parameters alone, however, with addition of three biomarkers (MMP-7, SP-A and KL-6), the improvement in predictability became statistically significant. Further study with greater numbers of the patients is warranted.
Author contributions: Dr Kim had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Dr Song: contributed to the study design, data analysis, writing of the manuscript, and served as first author.
Dr Do: contributed to data acquisition and analysis, and review and revision of the manuscript.
Dr Jang: contributed to data acquisition and analysis, and review and revision of the manuscript.
Dr Colby: contributed to data acquisition and analysis, and manuscript review.
Dr Han: contributed to the performing and interpretation of all statistical analyses, and review and revision of the manuscript.
Dr Kim: contributed to the study design, data analysis and interpretation, and writing and revision of the manuscript.
Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: The authors have reported to CHEST that no potential conflicts of interest exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article.
Role of sponsors: The sponsor had no role in the design of the study, the collection and analysis of the data, or the preparation of the manuscript.
Other contributions: The authors thank Min Ju Kim, BA, for excellent statistical assistance and EIDIA Co, Ltd, for providing KL-6 kits.
Additional information: The e-Tables and e-Figures can be found in the "Supplemental Materials" area of the online article.
6-min walk test
American Thoracic Society
chemokine ligand-18
concordance index
diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
European Respiratory Society
high-resolution CT
interstitial lung disease
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen
matrix metalloproteinase-7
receiver operating characteristic
surfactant protein
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Last week, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy hosted a two-day energy track and booth at the National Reservation Economic Summit (RES) in Las Vegas. After a busy few days at the conference, I had the opportunity to join Office of Indian Energy Director Chris Deschene, Senior Policy Advisor Doug MacCourt, and Program Manager Sarai Geary on a visit to a solar project on the Moapa River Reservation.
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LFA award for Burchell
June 14, 2013
Catford Maccabi FC's vice-chairman and MSFL referee Joe Burchell was recently presented with an LFA award, marking his 15 years service on the London Football Association Committee.
An active member of the Catford south London community, Burchell is a former player of Brighton Maccabi, but has been associated with Catford as player and on the football club's management team for more than 30 years.
Last updated: 10:32am, June 14 2013


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by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad
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Cardinals Legend Chris Carpenter Selling Florida Home for $625,000 (VIDEO TOUR)
Chris Carpenter, the now-retired star pitcher for the MLB team "St. Louis Cardinals", is reportedly pitching his home for sale with a $625,000 price tag.
The Los Angeles Times reported the listing noting that Erin Duke-Warren of Keller Williams Realty is the listing agent.
News of the Florida home listing comes just two months after the Cardinals legend put his St. Lois, Mo., home for sale with an asking price of $3.65 million. That residence has been price chopped to $3.5 million since then.
Carpenter announced in November, last year that he was retiring. After a stellar 15-season career with Major league Baseball, the star pitcher declared he was calling it quits. Carpenter debuted with the Toronto Blue Jays in 1997 and played with them until 2002. After a brief period of free agency, he went on to play for the Cardinals in 2004 and won the Cy Young Award in the 2005 season.
Now that Carpenter is retired, he serves as a special assistant to the General manager of the team. While, Carpenter is settling into his new role, the star pitcher has obviously decided to lighten his real estate portfolio.
Carpenter purchased the home, located in the posh BallenIsles Country Club area of Palm Beach Gardens, in 2003 for $603,000, according to the public records.
The residence is a 3,335-square-foot single-family home, comprising of four bedrooms and four and a half bathrooms.
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Take a tour of the home in a video below:
Also take a tour of Carpenter's listed St. Louis home in a video here.
New York Real Estate: First Micro-Unit Building Will Welcome Residents in June
Celebrity Homes for Sale: Ronald Reagan's Former Pacific Palisades Remodeled and Listed for $33M
Celebrity Homes: Tyler Perry Finally Sold Atlanta Mansion for $17.5M
Beyonce 'Formation' Music Video: Transforming A Pasadena's Fenyres Mansion Into a Southern Gothic
New York Real Estate: Martin Scorsese's Childhood School Will Turn Into A Manhattan Apartment
Belgium Home For Sale: Countryside Home of Architect Victor Horta Lists For $5.04M
Luxury Condos in Brooklyn: 'Fourth Avenue Could Be The Park Avenue of Brooklyn' Says Carlo A. Scissura


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Jaya Discography
- Bollywood Retrospect: 5 songs to celebrate the voice of Vani Jayaram
- A strange thing happened after the movie was released— one of Vani Jayaram's songs, the bhajan 'Hari Bin Kaise Jiyoon Ri', was edited out of the film and replaced with a newly shot sequence featuring Jaya Bhaduri singing Lata Mangeshkar's "Aaja Re ...
- Shri Krishna Mahotsav ends on a high note in Mathura
- Distinguished dignitaries like Union Minister Dr. Harshvardhan, iconic actor Jeetendra, Co-convener of Shri Krishna Mahotsav Sunil Rane and veteran actress Jaya Prada were present during the grand celebrations.
- Jaya The Cat
- Jaya The Cat spent the better part of 2011/2012 writing and recording in hotel rooms and backstages across Europe, to release a record that's quite arguably their best effort to date.
- Rock 'n' roll with a twist: Shaneil Devaser
- Shaneil Devaser – born in Kuala Lumpur, raised in Edinburgh and in Kota Kinabalu – plays his guitar and sings tunes that come from the heart of a madman, lover and best-friend.
Jaya Discography is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Jaya Discography books and related discussion.
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Max Boot testifies before the House Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia on the future of the U.S. relationship with Iraq.
Author: Max Boot, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow for National Security Studies
June 23, 2011
Max Boot testifies before the House Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia on the future of the U.S. relationship with Iraq.
Micah Zenko covers the U.S. national security debate.
Elliott Abrams gives his take on the Middle East and on democracy and human rights issues across the globe.
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Kurlantzick offers the sharpest analysis yet of what state capitalism's emergence means for democratic politics around the world. More
In a cogent analysis of why the United States is losing ground as a world power, Blackwill and Harris explore the statecraft of geoeconomics. More
Takeyh and Simon reframe the legacy of U.S. involvement in the Arab world from 1945 to 1991 and shed new light on the makings of the contemporary Middle East. More
The Task Force recommends revising U.S. policy toward North Korea to break the cycle of North Korean provocation and promote stability in Northeast Asia.
India now matters to U.S. interests in virtually every dimension. This Independent Task Force report assesses the current situation in India and the U.S.-India relationship, and suggests a new model for partnership with a rising India.
Rates of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries are increasing faster than in wealthier countries. The report outlines a plan for collective action on this growing epidemic.
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To ensure the success of Myanmar's historic democratic transition, the United States should revise its outdated and counterproductive sanctions policy.
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Williams argues that greater U.S. involvement is necessary to enhance the quality and success of peacekeeping missions.
Learn more about CFR's mission and its work over the past year in the 2015 Annual Report. The Annual Report spotlights new initiatives, high-profile events, and authoritative scholarship from CFR experts, and includes a message from CFR President Richard N. Haass.
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On paper Iraq's justice system appears sound, but Michael Wahid Hanna of The Century Foundation says "major systemic and structural problems"...
Watch retired lieutenant general Jay M. Garner, former director of the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance in Iraq, discuss...
U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Robert R. Allardice, Commander of the Coalition Air Force Transition Team, says Iraq's air force is making strides...


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Index of content:
Volume 106, Issue 6, December 1999
Dispersion and absorption of sound in monatomic gases: An extended kinetic description106(1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428181View Description Hide Description
The problem concerning the propagation of plane harmonic waves of small amplitudes in monatomic ideal gases is studied using an extended kinetic model that replaces (in the same manner as in the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model) the Boltzmann collision operator with a single relaxation-time term. Numerical results for the speed and attenuation of sound are derived and compared with the experimental data of Meyer and Sessler, Greenspan, and Schotter for monatomic gases. At low frequencies, the correct continuum limits for the absorption and dispersion are recovered, while at high frequencies a complete agreement between theory and experiments is observed.
Internal circulation in a drop in an acoustic field106(1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428182View Description Hide Description
An investigation of the internal flow field for a drop at the antinode of a standing wave has been carried out. The main difference from the solid sphere case is the inclusion of the shear stress and velocity continuity conditions at the liquid–gas interface. To the leading order of calculation, the internal flow field was found to be quite weak. Also, this order being fully time dependent has a zero mean flow. At the next higher order, steady internal flows are predicted and, as in the case of a solid sphere, there is a recirculating layer consisting of closed streamlines near the surface. In the case of a liquid drop, however, the behavior of this recirculating Stokes layer is quite interesting. It is predicted that the layer ceases to have recirculation when where is the liquid viscosity, is the exterior gas-phase viscosity, and M is the dimensionless frequency parameter for the gas phase, defined by with a being the drop radius. Thorough experimental confirmation of this interesting new development needs to be conducted. Although it seems to agree with many experiments with levitated drops where no recirculating layer has been clearly observed, a new set of experiments for specifically testing this interesting development need to be carried out.
Shear interfacial waves in piezoelectrics106(1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428155View Description Hide Description
An analysis was made of the SH-interfacial wave propagation on an interface between semi-infinite piezoelectric media. In particular, a sufficient condition for the existence of the SH-wave on the metallized rigid contact was derived. It has been shown that on the metallized rigid contact between two completely identical piezocrystals the SH-localized wave always exists, with the exception of at most two orientations of the interface. An investigation was performed of specific features of the sound reflection—transmission at incident angles corresponding to the resonant excitation of the leaky wave originating from the "supersonic" interfacial wave due to misorientation of crystals that constitute the bicrystal. Also, it has been established that in 6 mm crystals an interfacial "supersonic" wave may remain purely localized even when the direction of propagation is not perpendicular to the axis 6 or when the interface is not parallel to this axis.
Bjerknes forces between two bubbles in a viscous fluid106(1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428183View Description Hide Description
A refined expression for the secondary Bjerknes force between two spherical gas bubbles in a viscous incompressible fluid is derived, allowing for the dipole oscillations of the bubbles and acoustic streaming around them. The investigation is motivated by the fact that the existing theory [see, for example, E. A. Zabolotskaya, Sov. Phys. Acoust.30, 365–368 (1984)] neglects both of these processes, taking into account only linear viscouseffects due to the radial oscillations of the bubbles. More correct calculations reveal that, provided the viscous penetration depth in the surrounding fluid is comparable to the bubble size, the forces on the bubbles differ noticeably from values given by the former theory, and, in addition, are no longer equal and opposite to each other. Such conditions are shown by numerical examples to be quite realistic ones, even for low-viscosity fluids like water.
An acoustical helicoidal wave transducer with applications for the alignment of ultrasonic and underwater systems106(1999); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428184View Description Hide Description
A simple four-panel transducer capable of producing a beam with a screw dislocation along its axis was constructed and evaluated. A screw dislocation in a wavefront is characterized by a phase dependence about the dislocation axis that varies as where m is an integer and φ is the angle about the axis. At the axis, the phase is indeterminate and as a result there is a corresponding null in the pressure magnitude. The screw dislocation in the transducer beam is along the beam axis and is found to exist in both the far- and near-fields of the transducer. This null then clearly indicates the axis of the beam at all distances and has the potential to be used as an aid in the alignment of objects in sonar experiments or other similar applications. The helicoidal wave is also shown to possess axial angular momentum. A related transducer was summarized previously [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 2971 (1998)] and is also discussed here for the purposes of comparison.


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Ladon Valles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ladon Valles as seen by HiRISE.
|22°36′S 28°42′W / 22.6°S 28.7°WCoordinates: 22°36′S 28°42′W / 22.6°S 28.7°W
|278 km long
Ladon Valles is a river valley lying within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars located at 22.6° South and 28.7° West. It is 278 km long and was named after an ancient name for a Greek river.[1]
It has been argued that Uzboi, Ladon, Margaritifer and Ares Valles, although now separated by large craters, once comprised a single outflow channel flowing north into Chryse Planitia.[2] The source of this outflow has been suggested as overflow from the Argyre crater, formerly filled to the brim as a lake by channels (Surius, Dzigai, and Palacopus Valles) draining down from the south pole. If real, the full length of this drainage system would be over 8000 km, the longest known drainage path in the solar system.
- ^ Blue, Jennifer. "Ladon Valles". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
- ^ Parker, T.J., Clifford, S.m., and Banerdt, W.B. (2000). Argyre Planitia and the Mars global hydrologic cycle. LPSC XXXI, Abstract 2033.
See also[edit]
|This article about the planet Mars or its moons is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Meeting times and Places
There is no cost or official registration to play. Just show up willing to play or learn!
Note: for most clubs, it's often a good idea to call ahead and see if the club is still meeting in that location. There's almost always someone at the Portland club meetings. (Except on holidays.)
Portland Go Club
Note: Boards are available at all Portland meeting locations.
- Tuesdays 6 PM - 10 PM (Powell's closes at 11 PM)
World Cup Coffee and Tea
Powell's Bookstore
10th and West Burnside
Portland, Oregon
Phone: 503 427-8446 (HARTIGO)
- Sundays 1 PM - 4 PM
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915 SE Hawthorne Blvd.
Portland, Oregon
Phone: 503 427-8446 (HARTIGO)
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St. Paul's Lutheran Church
Children and new players are particularly welcome to this gathering
3880 SE Brooklyn Street (east of SE 39th, between Division and Powell.) map
Phone: (503) 880-4246
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Portland, OR 97229
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Eugene Go Club
Contact: Jason Cowsill
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