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Most Cited Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically nanoporous zeolitesKyungsu Na | Minkee Choi | Ryong Ryoo
Volume 166, Issue , January 2013, Pages 3-19
Hierarchically nanoporous zeolites possessing mesopores as well as the inherent micropores of zeolite structures are garnering attention as a solution to the diffusion limitation problem of solely microporous classical zeolites. The hierarchical structure enables zeolites to have maximum structural functions in a limited space and volume owing to the high diffusion efficiency. Hierarchical zeolites are in high demand for the development of advanced materials for applications in adsorption, separation and catalysis. Herein, recent advances in synthesis routes to hierarchically nanoporous zeolites are reviewed with their catalytic contributions. Particular emphasis is given to the recently developed synthesis method which uses surfactants that are functionalized with a zeolite-structure-directing group. This type of surfactants can direct porous structures in micro- and meso-length scales simultaneously. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Metal organic framework based mixed matrix membranes: An increasingly important field of research with a large application potentialBeatriz Zornoza | Carlos Tellez | Joaquin Coronas | Jorge Gascon | Freek Kapteijn
Volume 166, Issue , January 2013, Pages 67-78
The combination of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and polymers in the form of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has become an increasingly important field of research over the last few years. The first examples of membranes outperforming state of the art polymers have already been presented, emphasizing the high application potential of these composites. In this paper, the recent progress on the topic is thoroughly reviewed and the main advantages and limitations of the use of MOFs as MMMs fillers are evaluated. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Amine-modified MCM-41 mesoporous silica for carbon dioxide captureMarília R. Mello | Delphine Phanon | Gleiciani Q. Silveira | Philip L. Llewellyn | Célia M. Ronconi
Volume 143, Issue 1, August 2011, Pages 174-179
This paper presents an easy way to obtain a material with CO 2 sorption properties by using commercially available MCM-41. In order to increase MCM-41 CO 2 sorption capacity, 2.48 mmol g -1 of amine groups were anchored onto silica surface. A few carefully chosen spectroscopic techniques - namely infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and solid-state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance - demonstrated that amino groups are covalently bounded to mesoporous silica and not just adsorbed on it. CO 2 uptake by the samples was investigated by microcalorimetry experiments performed at 30 °C. The amine functionalized material, MCM-41-NH 2, exhibited a higher uptake of CO 2 at very low pressures compared with the nongrafted material. The modified material presented heat of adsorption of -98 versus -32 kJ mol -1 for MCM-41 at low pressures. The mode of CO 2 uptake in MCM-41-NH 2 was both chemisorption at low pressures and physisorption at high pressures. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance performed on amine-functionalized MCM-41 after CO 2 adsorption experiments, showed a signal attributed to carbamate that was formed as a product of the reaction between CO 2 and amine groups. This material has potential for CO 2 recovery at low pressures/concentrations. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Algorithms and tools for high-throughput geometry-based analysis of crystalline porous materialsThomas F. Willems | Chris H. Rycroft | Michaeel Kazi | Juan C. Meza | MacIej Haranczyk
Volume 149, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 134-141
Crystalline porous materials have a variety of uses, such as for catalysis and separation. Identifying suitable materials for a given application can, in principle, be done by screening material databases. Such a screening requires automated high-throughput analysis tools that calculate structural properties for all materials contained in a database so they can be compared with search queries, grouped or classified. One important aspect of the structural analysis of materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks is the investigation of the geometrical parameters describing pores. Here, we present algorithms and tools to efficiently calculate some of these important parameters. Our tools are based on the Voronoi decomposition, which for a given arrangement of atoms in a periodic domain provides a graph representation of the void space. The resulting Voronoi network is analyzed to obtain the diameter of the largest included sphere and the largest free sphere, which are two geometrical parameters that are frequently used to describe pore geometry. Accessibility of nodes in the network is also determined for a given guest molecule and the resulting information is later used to retrieve dimensionality of channel systems as well as in Monte Carlo sampling of accessible surfaces and volumes. The presented algorithms are implemented in a software tool, Zeo++, which includes a modified version of the Voro++ library. We present example applications of our algorithms and tools using zeolite frameworks currently listed in the Atlas of Zeolite Frameworks. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Reverse shape selectivity in the adsorption of hexane and xylene isomers in MOF UiO-66Patrick S. Bárcia | Daniela Guimarães | Patrícia A P Mendes | José A C Silva | Vincent Guillerm | Hubert Chevreau | Christian Serre | Alírio E. Rodrigues
Volume 139, Issues 1-3, March 2011, Pages 67-73
An adsorption study of hexane and xylene isomers mixtures was addressed in a rigid zirconium terephthalate UiO-66 (UiO for University of Oslo) with octahedral and tetrahedral cavities of free diameter close to 1.1 nm and 0.8 nm, respectively. Multicomponent equimolar breakthrough experiments show that the adsorption hierarchy of structural isomers in UiO-66 is opposite to the one observed in conventional adsorbents. For hexane isomers, it was found that the amount adsorbed increases with the degree of branching, being 2,2-dimethylbutane (22DMB) and 2,3-dimethylbutane (23DMB) the more retained molecules. Regarding the xylene isomers, the results show that the adsorption of the bulkier ortho-xylene (oX) is favoured compared to its homologues. The structural similarity between MOF UiO-66 and zeolite MCM-22 suggests that the reverse shape selectivity observed in the adsorption of hexane and xylene isomers might be attributed to the rotational freedom of the molecules inside the small cavities. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Application of natural zeolites in environmental remediation: A short reviewPanagiotis Misaelides
Volume 144, Issues 1-3, October 2011, Pages 15-18
The natural zeolites have already found extensive applications to the environmental remediation and restoration. The most of these applications are based on their ion-exchange properties. This contribution provides a short review of the recent literature concerning the utilization of natural zeolites and their modified forms in the separation, binding and chemical stabilization of hazardous inorganic, organic and radioactive species in soils and aqueous systems. The advantages and eventual disadvantages of the techniques are also discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The progression of Al-based metal-organic frameworks - From academic research to industrial production and applicationsManuela Gaab | Natalia Trukhan | Stefan Maurer | Raghu Gummaraju | Ulrich Müller
Volume 157, Issue , July 2012, Pages 131-136
Al-based metal-organic frameworks (Al-MOFs) were first prepared and intensively studied by Férey and co-workers. They synthesized and characterized various new structures (e.g. MIL-53, MIL-96, MIL-100, MIL-110). In parallel, BASF SE developed an own portfolio of MOFs. The synthesis for one of these Al-MOFs (Basolite A520) has recently been optimized to allow for organic solvent-free preparation. Basolite A520 can now be synthesized in a water-based route that has already led to ton-scale production. Thereby the Al-MOF is industrially produced via both an economic and environmentally compatible process. This reliable access together with their adsorption properties paves the way to the broad application of MOFs. The latter is driven by the current global megatrends that require innovative applications by high potential materials. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Lithium storage performance in ordered mesoporous MoS 2 electrode materialXiangpeng Fang | Xiqian Yu | Saifen Liao | Yifeng Shi | Yong Sheng Hu | Zhaoxiang Wang | Galen D. Stucky | Liquan Chen
Volume 151, Issue , March 2012, Pages 418-423
Highly ordered 2-D mesostructured MoS 2 was prepared by a nanocasting approach using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a hard template and phosphomolybdic acid (H 3PMo 12O 40) as a precursor. The resulting material constructed by interconnected aligned and regularly packed nanowires shows a rod-shaped morphology (0.4-0.7 μm in diameter and 0.8-1.2 μm in length). This mesoporous MoS 2 exhibits reversible lithium storage capacity as high as 630 mAh g -1 with excellent cycling performance when used as an electrode material for lithium ion batteries. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
High pressure adsorption of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and methane on the metal-organic framework HKUST-1J. Moellmer | A. Moeller | F. Dreisbach | R. Glaeser | R. Staudt
Volume 138, Issues 1-3, February 2011, Pages 140-148
High pressure adsorption phenomena are discussed for different gases on HKUST-1 (Cu3(BTC)2, commercially available product BasoliteTM C300). Sorption isotherms for hydrogen, nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide on HKUST-1 were measured in the temperature range of 273-343 K and at pressures up to 50 MPa. The calculated surface excess adsorption capacities for all four adsorptive are one of the highest reported in the literature for HKUST-1 samples. All surface excess data were further calculated from the experimental data by using the helium buoyancy correction. A detailed description was given. Also a procedure to calculate the absolute amount adsorbed from the surface excess amount by using two different models is shown. Using one model, the density and the volume of the adsorbed phase can be calculated. The density of the adsorbed phase ρads corresponds to the liquid density of the adsorptive at its boiling point ρ liq,BP. In case of hydrogen no excess maximum was found up to 50 MPa, so that one model could not be applied. Finally, the isosteric heat of adsorption for each gas was calculated by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding adsorption/desorption hysteresis for fluids in mesoporous materials using simple molecular models and classical density functional theoryP. A. Monson
Volume 160, Issue , September 2012, Pages 47-66
In this tutorial review, we discuss the use of classical density functional theory (DFT) to understand adsorption/desorption hysteresis phenomena for fluids confined in mesoporous materials. The emphasis is on lattice gas models, for which DFT is especially straightforward when studies of the fluid density distribution in two and three dimensions are required. The theme is to show that much of the experimentally determined hysteresis phenomena can be described using this modeling framework. Several examples have been used to illustrate this, including a simple duct pore, a duct inkbottle and a model of Vycor glass. We discuss hysteresis in single pores in terms of the metastability of the vapor phase in the pore and extend this to systems with pore size distributions. Inkbottle geometries are used to illustrate the phenomena of pore blocking and cavitation. The model of Vycor shows how the DFT formalism can describe systems with disordered interconnected pore structures that lead to type H2 hysteresis. The calculation of scanning curves using DFT is described and the relationship between scanning curves and pore interconnectivity is discussed. By weakening the surface field the DFT approach can be used to describe systems with partial wetting (e.g. water in carbon pores) and partial drying (mercury porosimetry). Finally, a dynamic mean field theory is introduced and used to study the dynamics of capillary condensation in the duct pore and, in particular, the nucleation of the liquid phase via the formation of a liquid bridge between the pore walls. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, characterisation and adsorption properties of microporous scandium carboxylates with rigid and flexible frameworksJohn P S Mowat | Stuart R. Miller | Alexandra M Z Slawin | Valerie R. Seymour | Sharon E. Ashbrook | Paul A. Wright
Volume 142, Issue 1, June 2011, Pages 322-333
Conditions for the synthesis of each of the scandium terephthalate frameworks Sc2L3, MIL-53(Sc) (Sc(OH)L) and MIL-88(Sc) (Sc3O(H2O)2(OH)L3) (L = 1.4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC)) have been established. In addition, the MOFs MIL-100(Sc) (Sc3O(H2O)2(OH) L′2, L′ = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC)) and socMOF (Sc3O(H2O)3,(NO3-) L″1.5, L″ = 3,3′,5,5′- azobenzenetetracarboxylate (ABTC)), have been synthesised for the first time with Sc. These materials have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H, 13C and 45Sc MAS NMR, and gas adsorption. MIL-53(Sc) is a highly flexible breathing framework that adopts many different forms, depending on the amount and type of adsorbate included. The structures of the as-prepared solvent-containing form, MIL-53(Sc)-DMF (DMF = dimethylformamide) and of the desolvated, hydrated form, MIL-53(Sc)-H2O, have been determined. The former structure possesses one kind of partially open channel, whereas the latter includes two kinds of channel, closed and slightly open. The hydrated structure's configuration has not previously been observed for MIL-53 materials. 45Sc MAS NMR is a sensitive probe for the Sc environment: distinctive lineshapes are observed for isolated ScO6 octahedra, corner-sharing chains of ScO 4(OH)2 octahedra and Sc3O(O2C-) 6(OH, H2O)3 trimers of octahedra. N2 adsorption at 77 K indicates that the flexible frameworks MIL-88(Sc) and MIL-53(Sc) show no porosity in their desolvated, closed forms, whilst the rigid frameworks Sc2BDC3 (0.26 cm3 g-1), MIL-100(Sc) (0.72 cm3 g-1) and Sc-ABTC (0.57 cm 3 g-1) have so far been prepared with appreciable permanent porosity. For CO2 adsorption on desolvated solids, remarkable behaviour is shown by the flexible MIL-53(Sc), which opens in two stages to a maximum capacity of >13 mmol g-1, while the rigid frameworks show uptakes at 196 K (at p/po = 0.40) of 5.5 mmol g -1 (Sc2BDC3), 21.3 mmol g-1 (MIL-100(Sc)) and 13.1 mmol g-1 (Sc-ABTC). © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
The preparation of nano-sized H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5 zeolite and its application in the aromatization of methanolYouming Ni | Aiming Sun | Xiaoling Wu | Guoliang Hai | Jianglin Hu | Tao Li | Guangxing Li
Volume 143, Issues 2-3, September 2011, Pages 435-442
The preparation of nano-sized H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5 zeolite by direct synthesis procedure and its application in the aromatization of methanol were studied. SEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption-desorption data show that H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5 zeolite was composed of aggregates of 250 nm × 50 nm × 25 nm crystals with about 2.1 nm inter-crystal voids. NH3-TPD, pyridine-FTIR, and UV-Vis spectral analyses were also employed to understand the properties of zeolite catalysts prepared by different methods. TGA results confirmed that the nano-structure was resistant to coke in the reaction. BTX yield and catalytic stability were improved in the conversion of methanol over H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5 zeolite. The BTX yield on H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5 was 48% at 437 °C and weight hourly space velocity of 0.8 h-1, slightly decreasing to 32% after 160 h on stream. The ramping rate in the calcinations significantly affected the acidic and catalytic properties of the zeolite. H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5 calcinated at a rate of 1 °C/min showed less Lewis sites, higher BTX yield, and longer lifetime compared to H[Zn, Al]ZSM-5/T calcinated at a rate of 30 °C/min. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for separation of binary mixtures of CO2, CH4, N2 and H2: A computer simulation investigationAnna Battisti | Simone Taioli | Giovanni Garberoglio
Volume 143, Issue 1, August 2011, Pages 46-53
We studied adsorption and dynamics of CO2, CH4, N2, H2 and binary mixtures thereof in the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF-2 to ZIF-10, using computer simulations. The results of grand canonical Monte Carlo calculations showed that the amount of gas adsorbed in these materials is smaller than what can be stored in other organic frameworks, due to the small-pore structure of these crystals. The results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that three of these materials (ZIF-5, ZIF-7 and ZIF-9) fulfill the condition for molecular sieving separation of H2, whose diffusion is orders of magnitude faster than that of other species. Analysis of the adsorption and permeance selectivity for the other materials, in which all the species considered have comparable self-diffusion coefficients, points out ZIF-4 as the best performing material for a large variety of gas separations. Our results indicate the importance of complementing Monte Carlo data with molecular dynamics simulations in assessing the performance of small-pore organic frameworks for gas adsorption and separation. In particular, the explicit modeling of framework flexibility is crucial to obtain reliable gas-diffusion properties of small-pore frameworks. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of functional groups in MIL-101 on water sorption behaviorGeorge Akiyama | Ryotaro Matsuda | Hiroshi Sato | Akihiro Hori | Masaki Takata | Susumu Kitagawa
Volume 157, Issue , July 2012, Pages 89-93
Four MIL-101-type porous coordination polymers were synthesized containing different substituents (-H, -NO 2, -NH 2, -SO 3H) in the ligand and their water sorption properties were investigated. All of the compounds adsorbed huge amounts of water (ca. 0.8-1.2 g g -1) and the adsorbed water can be released at relatively low temperatures (ca. 353 K). In addition, the trapping pressure of water adsorption was found to be controlled by changing the substituents, varying the hydrophobicity of the functional groups. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Adsorption of cationic dyes onto mesoporous silicaChih Hung Huang | Kai Ping Chang | Hong De Ou | Yu Chun Chiang | Chu Fang Wang
Volume 141, Issues 1-3, May 2011, Pages 102-109
Highly-ordered mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieves were successfully synthesized through direct-synthesis using non-ionic surfactants as structure directing agent under strong acidic conditions. The textual and structural properties of the prepared materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), nitrogen physisorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In terms of adsorption properties, the performance was examined by adsorption of dyes on prepared materials. It was observed that SBA-15 exhibited an excellent adsorptive capability of cationic molecules but almost no adsorption to anionic and neutral molecules. The isotherm models, kinetic models, and thermodynamic properties were analyzed to describe the adsorption behavior of prepared materials. Langmuir model, Freundlich model, and pseudo-second-order kinetics were well-fitted in the simulation of the adsorption behavior of dyes on prepared materials. The synthesized mesoporous SBA-15 materials were found to be effective adsorbents for MB and JGB from aqueous solutions. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A methanol to olefins review: Diffusion, coke formation and deactivation on SAPO type catalystsD. Chen | K. Moljord | A. Holmen
Volume 164, Issue , December 2012, Pages 239-250
The catalytic conversion of methanol to lower olefins (MTO) is a promising way of converting natural gas and coal to chemicals and fuels with methanol as an intermediate. Coke formation is a major cause of deactivation in the MTO processes and the present contribution deals with the progress on the study of adsorption, diffusion and reaction including deactivation due to coke formation during MTO. Design of SAPO-34 to achieve high activity and selectivity is discussed in terms of the two most important parameters, namely crystal size and operating temperatures. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Enhancement of COYoun Sang Bae | Brad G. Hauser | Omar K. Farha | Joseph T. Hupp | Randall Q. Snurr
2/CH 4 selectivity in metal-organic frameworks containing lithium cations
Volume 141, Issues 1-3, May 2011, Pages 231-235
Incorporation of Li cations into MOFs by either of two methods, chemical reduction or cation exchange, significantly improves the CO2/CH 4 selectivity. While the selectivity enhancement by the chemical reduction seems to come from favorable displacement of catenated frameworks, the selectivity improvement by the Li cation exchange comes from enhanced solid-gas interactions. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of morphology on supercapacitive properties of chemically grown β-Ni(OH) 2 thin filmsD. P. Dubal | V. J. Fulari | C. D. Lokhande
Volume 151, Issue , March 2012, Pages 511-516
Different nanostructures of β-Ni(OH) 2 have been successfully developed using simple chemical bath deposition (CBD) method from different nickel precursors. Effect of different nickel precursors on structural, morphological and supercapacitive properties of β-Ni(OH) 2 thin films have been investigated. The formation of nanocrystallinity and β-phase of Ni(OH) 2 are confirmed by X-ray diffraction and FTIR studies. Scanning electron microscope study revealed the formation of multilayer nanosheets, up grown nanofalkes and interconnected, macroporous; honeycomb-like structures of β-Ni(OH) 2 films. BET analyses showed that nanoflakes and honeycomb like structure have high surface area of 75 and 65 m 2 g -1 with micro and mesopores network. The electrochemical supercapacitor properties of the β-Ni(OH) 2 films are examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge studies. The β-Ni(OH) 2 films showed pseudocapacitive behavior with maximum supercapacitance of 462 F g -1 in 2 M KOH electrolyte, suggesting its potential application in electrochemical supercapacitors. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Expanded view of zeolite structures and their variability based on layered nature of 3-D frameworksWieslaw J. Roth | Douglas L. Dorset
Volume 142, Issue 1, June 2011, Pages 32-36
Historically, zeolites have been formed and viewed as continuous, 3-dimensional, 4-connected frameworks. Originally these appeared not to be amenable to non-destructive structural modification post-synthesis. By contrast, the synthesis of zeolite MCM-22 followed an indirect pathway to framework formation via a layered precursor MCM-22P comprising stacked MCM-22 monolayers. Gradually other spatial arrangements of these layers have been synthesized, accidentally or by post-synthesis modification, such as: pillared, delaminated, stabilized in expanded form and disordered. MCM-22 can be formed by the conventional direct assembly in 3-D pathway as well (i.e., MCM-49). Subsequently, other frameworks have been recognized as having the layered precursor including well known classical zeolites ferrierite, sodalite and recently ZSM-5. This new approach has been suggested to extend to most, possibly all zeolites. An expanded view of zeolites structures is presented in an integrated scheme based on various materials identified with MWW structure. It is shown that X-ray powder diffraction can be used to unequivocally identify various types of structures generated by different layer arrangements. This is based on self-consistent detailed analysis of selected peaks that reflect inter-layer distances and ordering. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
Facile control of crystallite size of ZSM-5 catalyst for cracking of hexaneHiroshi Mochizuki | Toshiyuki Yokoi | Hiroyuki Imai | Ryota Watanabe | Seitaro Namba | Junko N. Kondo | Takashi Tatsumi
Volume 145, Issues 1-3, November 2011, Pages 165-171
Nano-sized H-ZSM-5 (ca. ∼65 nm) was successfully prepared by mixing the mother gel under mild conditions before crystallization. Furthermore, a facile control of the crystallite size of the H-ZSM-5 catalyst was achieved merely by changing the amount of water in the mother gel. Three different-sized H-ZSM-5 catalysts were used as a catalyst for hexane cracking at 723-923 K. The crystallite size of H-ZSM-5 little affected the initial activity, but affected the deactivation rate considerably. The reduction in the crystallite size of the H-ZSM-5 catalysts contributes to the slow deactivation, probably because the H-ZSM-5 with a smaller crystallite size is less sensitive to deactivation by pore blocking by coke formed. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Large scale fluorine-free synthesis of hierarchically porous iron(III) trimesate MIL-100(Fe) with a zeolite MTN topologyYou Kyong Seo | Ji Woong Yoon | Ji Sun Lee | U. Hwang Lee | Young Kyu Hwang | Chul Ho Jun | Patricia Horcajada | Christian Serre | Jong San Chang
Volume 157, Issue , July 2012, Pages 137-145
The hierarchically mesoporous iron(III) trimesate MIL-100(Fe) with a zeolite-MTN topology is known as an advanced functional material that is biocompatible. In this work, the large scale synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) has been achieved by hydrothermal reactions using suitable conditions without HF for the large scale synthesis. Although such conditions are narrow, the concurrent change of iron precursor and increase in the concentration of reaction mixture give rise to a synergetic effect leading to an increase in the crystallinity of F-free MIL-100(Fe). This method, combined with two purification steps (solvent extraction and chemical treatment with NH 4F) leads to a highly porous F-free material obtained throughout a very high space-time-yield (>1700 kg/m 3 day). Possible formation mechanisms of MIL-100(Fe) under hydrothermal conditions have been proposed in terms of four steps such as hydrolysis, deprotonation, self-assembly, and polycondensation. The resulting material exhibits similar physicochemical properties to those of the one prepared in the presence of HF, except for a slight difference in sorption capacities of gases and liquid vapors corresponding to the difference of pore volume. Regardless of the use of HF, the purified MIL-100(Fe) possesses very high uptakes for both non-polar toluene and polar ethanol probe molecules due to the respective interactions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites in the framework. Finally, hydrophobicity measurements confirm that the dehydrated MIL-100(Fe) is more hydrophobic than conventional zeolite beta (SiO 2/Al 2O 3 = 25) and commercial iron trimesate (Basolite F300) from BASF SE. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
COZoey R. Herm | Rajamani Krishna | Jeffrey R. Long
2/CH 4, CH 4/H 2 and CO 2/CH 4/H 2 separations at high pressures using Mg 2(dobdc)
Volume 151, Issue , March 2012, Pages 481-487
High-pressure separations of binary and ternary mixtures of CO 2, CH 4, and H 2 are relevant to carbon dioxide capture as well as hydrogen and natural gas purification. Metal-organic frameworks represent a class of porous materials that could be used to accomplish these separations, and Mg 2(dobdc) (dobdc 4- = 1,4-dioxido-2,5-benzenedicarboxylate), also sometimes referred to as Mg-MOF-74 or CPO-27-Mg, is an especially lightweight metal-organic framework with a high concentration of coordinatively-unsaturated metal sites decorating its interior surfaces. High pressure CH 4 adsorption isotherms presented here, together with CO 2 and H 2 adsorption behavior, are analyzed using the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory to model CO 2/CH 4, CH 4/H 2, and CO 2/CH 4/H 2 mixture separations using Mg 2(dobdc). The selectivities, working capacities and breakthrough performances for these three mixtures are reported, and Mg 2(dobdc) is shown to outperform zeolite 13X in each scenario. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An unexpected bifunctional acid base catalysis in IRMOF-3 for Knoevenagel condensation reactionsF. X Llabrés I Xamena | F. G. Cirujano | A. Corma
Volume 157, Issue , July 2012, Pages 112-117
In this work, we have reexamined the catalytic properties of zinc aminoterephthalate IRMOF-3 for the Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate. The active sites for this reaction were previously proposed to consist in the amino groups of the aminoterephthalate linkers [1]. We have now found that the reaction can also be catalyzed by MOF-5, which has the same crystalline structure than IRMOF-3, but in which the aminoterephthalate ligand is replaced by terephthalate, thus lacking the amino groups that are present in IRMOF-3. It has been found that the catalytic activity of MOF-5 is related with the presence of defects and/or occluded metal oxides. Different preparation routes of MOF-5 have been followed that result in different concentration of defects and different reactivity. These defects sites can also be present in IRMOF-3 and contribute to the catalytic activity. Therefore, depending on the preparation conditions and on the concentration of defects, in the case of IRMOF-3 we can pass from a simple, monofunctional base to a (unintentional) bifunctional catalyst. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Translating new materials discoveries in zeolite research to commercial manufactureS. I. Zones
Volume 144, Issues 1-3, October 2011, Pages 1-8
In this presentation I will attempt to describe the expansion of new materials in the microporous metal oxide world and then some of the boundary conditions which must be met in trying to scale them up. The field of zeolite and mesoporous materials has seen considerable numbers of new discoveries in recent years as the chemistries explored have continued to be creative. In what follows, I will survey some of the concepts used in arriving at new structures. Then I will follow-up with some views of issues that need to be faced in being able to generate these materials on a large scale and in an affordable fashion. This latter feature, of course, has some flexibility in terms of what the value of the process application will be, how strict the environmental regulations are in regard to both the process application and the catalyst production environment, and finally, costs of raw materials and production at the manufacturing site. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Chitosan enclosed mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug nano-carriers: Sensitive response to the narrow pH rangeFang Chen | Yingchun Zhu
Volume 150, Issue 1, March 2012, Pages 83-89
Most pH-sensitive drug delivery systems have been reported to respond to wide ranges of pH or target tissues the pH of which vary considerably, whereas these systems are not able to target diseased tissues like inflammatory tissues and tumor cells (pH 6.8) due to the extremely slight differences between pH of normal tissues (pH 7.4) and them. Consequently, ingenious pH-responsive drug delivery systems are desired to target this kind of abnormal tissues. In the present study, we fabricated a novel pH-sensitive drug delivery system with a 22% loading capacity, which released about 65% and 35% model drug in pH 6.8 and 7.4 after 24 h, respectively. In pH 7.4 release medium, chitosan molecules are orderly aggregated state, which efficiently hinder the release of the guest molecules from nanocarriers. However, in pH 6.8 release medium, chitosan chains are heavily and flexibly entangled in gel state, which is good for the release of guest molecules. The drug delivery system could reduce the drug nonspecific reaction with normal cells but remaining the curative effect. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


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subset: commoncrawl


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It's the nerve center now that some 420 firefighters are committed to the Pine Creek Fire, which has burned more than 2,400 acres in and around the Grimes Creek area.
"We're doing very well," said fire spokesman Chris Wilcox. "We have established hand lines and dozer lines on the north side of the fire, which has been the most active part of the fire the past few days."
The Pine Creek Fire is 40 percent contained, but it's still a long ways from being under control.
"Forty percent contained means that we have lines around much of it," said Wilcox. "But there are still hot spots. Containment means a less probability that (fire) will get out there again."
Residents and visitors to the idaho grimes creek area are advised to be cautious because of the increased air and ground traffic involved in fighting the fire.
The Pine Creek fire was started by humans, but exactly how that happened remains under investigation.
Officials at the National Interagency Fire Center in Boise say Idaho is way behind in the number of fires compared to this time last year.
Idaho falls into two geographic regions for fire statistics.
In the Eastern Great Basin area, there were 129 more fires and 844,000 acres burned at this time last year.
In the Northern Rockies region, there were 179 more fires and 475,000 acres burned as of this date last summer.


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Art in the Evening An artful evening at the museum
An evening of art a the museum
The museum is open once a month (on a Friday) from 6 to 9 pm. Special evening tours, curator tours and Art & Dinner tours are held. All visitors enjoy reduced admission prices. Admission is free up to 25 years.


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Cafes in Bloorcourt
Bloor Court Cafe
Bloor Court Cafe is a small coffee shop just a few doors down from Bakerbots and the Ossington subway station's west exit. It serves coffee and has house-made sandwiches (including...
Contra Cafe
Contra Cafe is tucked in the corner spot on Shaw at Yarmouth. Many may remember this location as the home of Hub Coffee and Locavorium but they've moved on to...
Dark Horse Espresso (Geary Ave.)
Dark Horse Espresso Bar, one of the original Toronto indie coffee brands, has expanded its empire with a fifth location, taking over what used to be an auto body shop...
Ella's Uncle (Bloor)
Ella's Uncle, a local favorite of the Dundas West set, opened up it's second cafe at the foot-traffic heavy intersection of Ossington and Bloor. Even on the dreariest of days,...
Field Trip Cafe
Field Trip Cafe (not to be confused with the music and arts fest) is a gem of a place hidden a bit up Westmoreland off Bloor in Bloorcourt. Co-owners Angela...
Hub Coffee House (Dovercourt)
Hub Coffee House on Dovercourt is what you get when you've cornered the market in a given neighbourhood. This just opened, second location to the Hub Coffee House and Locavorium...
Seesaw Cafe
Seesaw Cafe is a delightful spot in Davenport Village that serves a variety of purposes; in addition to being a much-needed cafe for the area, it's also a space for...
The Common (Bloor)
The Common (Bloor) is the second café of its kind to grace Toronto, modeled after the original incarnation over at College and Dufferin. For years, The Common name has been associated...
The Sovereign (Oakwood)
The Sovereign on Oakwood is the second outpost for the popular coffee shop that first opened at Davenport and Dufferin. The micro-space was formerly occupied by Rockabily Rock, but now...
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text:
Next week in New York, Facebook is
"That's a very difficult problem at large scale, with so many ads and millions of people," said Greg Linden, founder of Findory and an architect of Amazon.com's early product recommendation and personalization engine. "And the data's not well tied to purchases like at Amazon, or even like Google, where so many Web searches are about products."
The predominant question on everyone's mind is: Can Facebook build an ad system clever enough to keep pace with the passing fancies of its social-networking members? Facebook will have to get really good at processing all of the data it has collected on its reported 49 million members--demographics, personal preferences, and social histories--to predict what advertisements they might actually like and respond in their "news feed" or next to their "wall," according to industry executives.
That's no small task. In fact, it's a massive computing problem and one that very few companies apart from Google and Amazon have mastered. That's why Facebook--a company known for its young, fun culture--has been trying to hire more seasoned experts in so-called machine learning who can develop the right algorithms for a new generation of targeted advertising, people familiar with the company say.
One tech executive characterized the challenge like this: "The company that can process the most data will win." That maxim has proven true of Google in Web search and Amazon in e-commerce sales and product recommendations. Now Facebook must figure out how to take billions of data points about its members and turn that into an automatic ad machine.
A Facebook representative declined comment for the story.
There's no question Facebook is sitting on a data goldmine, with an exhaustive amount of information on people's preferences, backgrounds, and social histories--all given voluntarily by members. Facebook has profiles that include people's favorite music, television shows, books, and hobbies; their job history, education, birth date, and marital status; as well as daily activities, social networks, and interest groups. Traditional ad networks would kill for all that information in one place.
But with that data comes some interesting machine learning problems, experts say.
Machine learning is a broad term in the field of artificial intelligence. It refers to developing algorithms that can discover patterns in data and learn from them. Google, for example, has used probabilistic Bayesian models to serve results to data searches based on keywords. With advertising, it's all about matching the right person to the right ad. And on an individual level, that's a tall order.
So some technologists focus on lumping people into groups or types, tracking their typical behaviors in aggregate, and then trying to predict what they might want or do next.
Machine learning in online advertising might involve trying many different techniques on affinity groups to figure out which work best. That's because no one obvious technique is the silver bullet for social networks--no one has solved the problem of serving ads in that setting before.
Many thorny
That's why Facebook must perfect a subtle product placement or recommendation system. To do it, it will have to invent algorithmic tricks. For example, knowing a list of people's friends isn't necessarily useful unless the system could automatically remind people of birthdays, and then advertise a specific gift the friend might like based on his or her preferences.
Aggregate Knowledge in Palo Alto, Calif., which is backed by Google investor Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, may also have an ad solution for social networks. Aggregate has developed algorithms to determine what are called "affinity clusters" of people and, based on the personality profiles of those people, targets ads. It does this by looking at people's habits in aggregate, rather than as individuals.


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St. C.'s Robinson inks with Penn St. for track and field
When you take a step back and think about the path St. Clairsville senior Alyssa Robinson has taken during her prep sports career to get to where she is now, it's simply amazing.
As a freshman, Robinson was a member of the softball team with basically no idea what a shot put even was.
"I was working with a trainer at a gym and we were doing an exercise with a medicine ball, and I kept throwing it pretty hard," Robinson recalled. "My trainer said I should think about shot put."
Along with that strength, Robinson also had athleticism and agility, which when combined is a throwing coach's dream. However, Robinson learned there was more to the event than just those factors early on after making her decision to give it a chance.
"The first day I ever threw a shot put, I thought to myself, 'Wow! I am not very good at this at all,'" Robinson admitted. "But, I did enjoy it, so I thought I'd just keep trying and see what happens."
That determination and decision has certainly paid dividends as Robinson has been on the literal fast track ever since.
With a state title and state bronze medal in the shot put already on her resume in just two seasons, Robinson caught the eye of many Division I programs and made it official during a ceremony at St. C. High Monday afternoon when she signed her National Letter of Intent to Penn State University.
"It's crazy to think about how far I've come," Robinson said.
Robinson went back-and-forth between the Nittany Lions and their Big Ten rival Ohio State University for several weeks before formally offering a verbal last week.
After weighing all of the pros and cons, she had four major reasons as to why she opted to head to State College over Columbus.
"The campus is beautiful, the track team and coaches are great and they just make you feel like you're already part of the team," Robinson said. "I plan on studying kinesiology and Penn State has the number one program in the nation, and that was definitely one of the most important things because it's education first and track second."
While track might rank second, Robinson hasn't seen that number as a place too often during her career.
"What's Alyssa has been able to accomplish so fast is really impressive," said St. C. head track coach Ben Frye. "It's a tribute to her hardwork, the fact that she's got tremendous character and is an all-around great kid. I have no doubt that she's going to be very successful at the next level."
Robinson was undefeated in the shot put during the 2012 season. Outside of a silver medal at the regional in 2011 and the aforementioned bronze in Columbus, Robinson hasn't tasted much defeat whatsoever.
Becoming a total junkie of the event, Robinson became heavily involved in indoor track last winter and carried that steady stream of success into the outdoor season.
She's thrown at a few events this winter and will compete at the indoor nationals at the famed 'Armory' in New York City next month.
"That'll be a good experience for me because I am really not used to throwing at those big meets against people from all over the country," Robinson said. "It's a lot more motivation because I know I'll have to push myself a lot more since these girls are throwing close to 45 feet, but that makes me want it even more."
During the last two outdoor seasons, Robinson has been winning meets impressively, establishing several meet records up and down the Ohio Valley.
All told, Robinson owns two OVAC titles, two district titles, a regional championship, but she achieved the top prize last June at OSU when she uncorked a mark of 44-ft-10 on her final throw to earn the state gold medal.
"I think Alyssa has only started to tap into the things she's going to be able to accomplish," Frye said. "I expect big things from her this season and into the future."
While obviously defending all of those titles are Robinson's main goals for the season, she's got her eye on the measuring tape, too.
"I want to hit 50 feet this season," Robinson said. "Every day I am in the weight room thinking about indoor nationals, state meet and getting to 50 feet."
For the Lady Red Devils, Robinson has steadily improved in the discus. She was consistently better than 100 feet last spring and qualified to the regional. She's well aware that with the Nittany Lions, she'll be picking up maybe upwards of three more events.
"There is always room for improvement and I'll be picking up the hammer and weight," Robinson said.
On top of track and field, Robinson has been active in French Club, Culture Club, Yearbook, Ski Club and cheerleading.
Alyssa is the daughter of Chuck and Bev Robinson.
Staskey can be reached at email@example.com


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Revolutionary Alphabetical List Of Known Scientific Revolutionaries
A selection of articles related to revolutionary alphabetical list of known scientific revolutionaries.
Original articles from our library related to the Revolutionary Alphabetical List Of Known Scientific Revolutionaries. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Revolutionary Alphabetical List Of Known Scientific Revolutionaries.
- The Celtic Vedic Connection, Part I
- Of all the great ancient cultures perhaps no two share more parallels than those of the Celtic and Vedic peoples. A deep rooted affinity runs between them, what is present in one is mirrored in the other. Myths, Gods, Goddesses, even fairy tales bear a...
Religions >> Druidism
- Select Cross-Cultural and Historical Personifications of Death
- This extensive introduction includes some of the more well known, along with some lesser known Death "incarnations", and I use that term loosely, as in many cultures, the Angel of Death can be quite an adept shapeshifter. We have tried to cull...
Mystic Sciences >> Necromantic Studies
- The Horned God in India and Europe
- Of all of the Gods that we honor in Paganism today probably the most revered is the Horned God, in the shape and form of Cernunnos. Pick up some modern Pagan literature and chances are he is in there, listen to conversation at a Moot and you will hear him...
Deities & Heros >> Celtic, Welsh, Irish & Brittish
- Question the Premises of Society and Science
- Question the ultimate validity of the basic premises of society, in particular, scientific theory. Do not accept concepts or statements as truthful simply due to weight of tradition or learned opinion. The synthesis of these statements is a healthy skepticism...
Religion & Philosophy >> Philosophy
- Software of the Mind #3: Implementing Natural Software
- " Logic " is a primary means for the refinement of the mental vehicle in particular. A common view of logic is that it is merely a system of reasoning that is in itself without direction. This view holds that logic is only a framework of...
Mystic Sciences >> Mind
Revolutionary Alphabetical List Of Known Scientific Revolutionaries is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Revolutionary Alphabetical List Of Known Scientific Revolutionaries books and related discussion.
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- Franklin was an obvious genius and it would take pages to list all of his accomplishments. He believed in a free ...
- When Google Meets The Pentagon
- Defense Secretary Ash Carter meets with Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google parent company Alphabet and new chairman of the first DoD Innovation Advisory Board, during the RSA Security Conference in San Francisco, March 2, 2016.
- 'You Could Look It Up,' by Jack Lynch
- Our passion for putting things in order has no end. Jack Lynch, a professor of ...
- The Morning Download: CIOs Stand With Apple
- Another 30.5% say Apple should open the phone in private, while about 1.1% say they don't know what Mr.
- Juice Cleanses Replace Failed Resolutions
- Randy Ray and his team started the business in San Antonio and have been testing the market in Houston for some time with pop-ups at Revolution Yoga Studios and the Rice Village Flea. He offers cold-pressed coffees, nut milks and juices and we tested ...
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25 Most Anticipated Movies of 2014
Interstellar, X-Men Days of Future Past, Gone Girl and more
Next gallery »15 Big Questions in Entertainment for 2014: Miley Cyrus, 'Duck Dynasty' and more
« Previous galleryBreakout Stars from 2013 who will be even Bigger in 2014
25. The Lego Movie
In Theaters: February 7
Director: Phil Lord and Chris Miller
Cast: Chris Pratt, Channing Tatum, Elizabeth Banks, Will Ferrell, Jonah Hill, Cobie Smulders, Liam Neeson, Morgan Freeman, Alison Brie, Nick Offerman, Charlie Day, Will Arnett
Why: Okay, check out that cast. Why would all of these people participate in what could easily turn out to be the biggest single piece of product placement ever? Easy… Lord and Miller. They walk the fine line between subversion and sincerity, and this serves as a parody of all "chosen one" action films while also celebrating the endless creativity that has made LEGO an evergreen toy. If anything, LEGO is more popular now than it was when I was a kid, and watching the way my kids play with them, they don't care about copyright or who owns what. They want to have Harry Potter, Batman, Luke Skywalker, and a group of ninjas all share the same adventure, and "The LEGO Movie" feels like it is totally in the spirit of that sort of playfulness. This could easily turn out to be one of those kid films that isn't just made for kids, but made to make us all feel like kids again, as well.
- Drew McWeeny


text:
CriticasIn his latest political essay, Kagan, a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and a columnist for the Washington Post, casts a concise and controversial look at European-American relations in the early years of the 21st century. Originally published in English last January, this is the book version of an essay that sparked a withering debate in the United States and Europe in 2002. In it Kagan argues that today's conflict between the United States and Europe goes beyond the current disagreements over Bush's foreign policy or his handling of the war in Iraq. Kagan echoes a serious rift between a strong and cocky America and an increasingly weak Europe. While America is willing and able to use force to confront the world's security dilemma, Europe seeks diplomatic means. Europeans have painstakingly constructed a new world order that relies on negotiations and the absence of force, while Americans, aided by their preeminent military and economic position, have continued to be guided by notions of realpolitik. Such opposing views, Kagan argues, have led to political disagreements and a steady erosion of the historic friendship. Elegantly expressed and cogently argued, Kagan's dense ideas on foreign policy are accessible to the average reader. This important and timely book adds to the current debate raging among foreign policy experts as to the uses and abuses of American power and the country's role in the new century. Highly recommended for public and college libraries.
Jos Diaz, Ohio State Univ. Lib., Columbus Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.


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text:
On A Claire Day by Carla Ventresca and Henry Beckett
- September 23, 2013
- From Beginning
- Previous feature
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Comments (6) (Please sign in to comment)
a good made-from-scratch oxtail soup is my absolute favourite. Yum!
I've never had oxtail soup, but my mother used to boil whole chickens on the few, rare occasions she cooked. My brother and I were each allotted one chicken neck. There was no meat on it and I was always puzzled about what the heck it was and what good was it, while we would gnaw away at it like the starving mongrels we were. I never realized that those were actually the necks of chickens until I was in my twenties, at least.
When are we going to see Paul do something as intimate with Claire as offering a taste of food lovingly from a spoon?
I love oxtail but i never had it as a soup. You basically cook it in gravy till the meat is tender…..yum :)
And…that makes you less funny? [ Chuckle ]
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Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, Zooey Deschanel pose at FOX's upfront event
Stars of 'Fringe,' 'Glee,' 'Teenage Daughter,' 'Raising Hope' also on hand
Next gallery »First images from ABC's 'The River'
« Previous galleryFirst images from ABC's 'Once Upon a Time'
FOX upfront 2011: Jaime Pressly
Former "My Name is Earl" star Jaime Pressly will topline the new comedy "I Hate My Teenage Daughter" this Fall on FOX. The show co-stars Katie Finneran ("Wonderfalls").
Photo Credit: AP Photo


text:
PORT JEFFERSON STATION - Police are investigating the death of a man found at Melting and Filling Equipment in Port Jefferson Station.
Police say an employee of the company, located on North Bicycle Path, called 911 after another employee was found dead inside the building.
Police say upon further investigation, it was discovered that the man appeared to be a victim of violence.
The victim's identity is being withheld pending notification of family.
An autopsy will be performed to determine the cause of death.


text:
Rapper, actor, comedian and pretty much all around entertainment mogul, Nick Cannon sent #TeamBeautiful an exclusive response to us giving his Whiteface album promotion the side eye (watch his video response above).
Must Read: #TeamBeautiful Appears On 'Good Morning America' To Side Eye Nick Cannon's Whiteface Album Promotion
Recently, Nick decided he wanted to be an artist again and came out with his first studio album in 10 years, "White People Party Music." And to promote this new album, Nick did what any comedian/rapper would do; he used his talents, his sense of humor to get us to pay attention. Enter: Connor Smallnut and Brock Landers, the White men Nick created by going in Whiteface to promote this album.
I am not the biggest fan of anyone, no matter what your race is, painting their faces a different color to represent another race, for a cheap laugh. I'm a fan of Eddie Murphy, but I've never been here for his White characters. I adore Martin Lawrence, but when White Bob from marketing comes into a scene on a rerun of "Martin," I use that time for a bathroom break. That's just me.
When insensitive racists want to paint on Blackface and attempt to continue the humiliation my ancestors faced as minstrel shows became the best entertainment out, I'm more than merely offended, I'm outraged. I understand the painful history behind Blackface and I realize that Whiteface doesn't share the same pain.
However, there's a slight double standard here. I condemn White people in Blackface, therefore I do the same to Black people in Whiteface. That was my exact stance when I was asked to appear on "Good Morning America" to talk about Nick Cannon in Whiteface.
I still feel that way right now. I will always respect Nick Cannon's place in the industry. I just don't have to like and/or respect everything that he does. I appreciate Nick for reaching out and sending us this message, reminding us that he's a comedian first and he's "back on his artist sh*t." That doesn't mean you have to automatically go for racial humor, does it? And just like he said at the end of this short video clip, I say, "Whatever."
Related Stories:
Nick Cannon Does Whiteface To Promote New Album & We're Like, This Can't Be Life
Google Honors Harriet Tubman For Black History Month & Nick Cannon Is Outraged
Check Out This Gallery Of Black Women In History You Should Know:
From A-Z: Dynamic Black Women In History
From A-Z: Dynamic Black Women In History
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The Bank of Canada is hoping the average Canadian continues to do the heavy lifting for the economy and gets it out of its rut from the first half of the year, even with dangerously high household debt levels. That may be a big ask.
Rate hikes are coming… in Latin America
Latin American central banks are watching today's Federal Reserve meeting very closely. Some are ready to raise their own interest rates, even if Yellen does not pull the trigger now.
Sweet spot for UK pay could be just the nectar the economy needs
British workers have hit a sweet spot with wages rising much faster than near-zero inflation, suggesting the economy could gain further momentum as consumers spend their spare cash.
On non-farm payrolls day, pay attention to pay
A lot is riding on the August U.S. jobs report – a good chunk of justification for the first Federal Reserve interest rate rise in nearly a decade and a lot of face-saving at the world's most powerful central bank.
Weak growth may force India's central bank to reconsider inflation focus
For all its single-minded focus on lowering inflation, India's central bank may be forced to acknowledge slowing growth in Asia's third largest economy by cutting interest rates — probably faster than it expected.
Grass getting flattened by fighting FX elephants
The ongoing race to the bottom for currencies this year is hurtling towards a zero-sum result.
Second Fed rate hike delay this year slowly getting more official
Financial markets have all but shut the door to a Federal Reserve rate hike in September, following a rout in stocks, currencies and commodities this past week, but economy watchers are only now warming up to the idea — in public at least.
Does the Bank of England really follow the Fed?
"Daft" is how outgoing Bank of England policymaker David Miles described the idea that Britain's central bank would have to wait for the U.S. Federal Reserve before hiking interest rates.
Interest rates hikes are not done and dusted
The U.S. and British central banks are scrambling to be the first of the majors to raise interest rates after a long period of unprecedented monetary generosity. It won't happen immediately but both Janet Yellen, who chairs the U.S. Federal Reserve, and Bank of England Governor Mark Carney say there will be a hike this year (Yellen) or around the end of the year (Carney). Might this be a bit of a rush? Not everything in the world economy is as sanguine as the U.S. and British economies purport to be.
Fed: behind the curve, or too trigger happy? Neither
As the U.S. Federal Reserve edges closer to its first interest hike in nearly a decade, its critics are lining up into one of two camps: either the Fed is hopelessly behind the curve, and will have to grapple with runaway inflation very soon; or the Fed seems overzealous in wanting to get interest rates back to what it would call a normal level and instead should wait until late this year or next before hiking.


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Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution
By Donald C. Hodges
In this critical study of the thought of Augusto Cesar Sandino and his followers, Donald C. Hodges has discovered a coherent ideological thread and political program, which he succeeds in tracing to Mexican and Spanish sources. Sandino's strong religious inclination in combination with his anarchosyndicalist political ideology established him as a religious seer and moral reformer as well as a political thinker and is the prototype of the curious blend of Marxism and Christianity of the late twentieth-century Nicaraguan government, the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional.
Part One. Sandino
1. The Making of a Revolutionary
The Mexican Experience
The Struggle in Nicaragua
Revitalizing an Ailing Cause
Understanding Sandino
2. Activating Ideologies
The Legacy of Mexican Anarchism
Spiritualist, Freemason, Theosophist
The Spiritism of the Magnetic-Spiritual School
The Anarchism of Austere Rational Philosophy
Sandino's "Rational Communism"
The Coming "Proletarian Explosion"
3. Strategy for Subversion
Appeals to Patriotism
Sandino's Liberalism
The Turn toward Populism
Sandino and the Comintern
4. The War in Nicaragua
The Yankee "Machos"
The Bankers of Wall Street
The "Whited Sepulcher"
Nicaragua's Political Leaders
The Defending Army of National Sovereignty
Stimson or Sandino?
Part Two. The Sandinistas
5. From Sandino to Sandinismo
Recovering Sandino's Thought
Transmitting Sandino's Example
The Marxist Influence
Promoting the New Marxism
What Is Sandinismo?
6. Political Assessments
Nicaragua's Neocolonial Status
The Rise of a Bourgeois Opposition
The Emergence of a Proletarian Vanguard
The Development of a Revolutionary Situation
7. Reflections on Strategy
The Original "Foco" Strategy
The Strategy of Prolonged People's War
The Strategy of Popular Resistance
The Strategy of General Insurrection
8. Ideologies of the Revolution
The Cult of the New Man
The Defense of Human Rights
The Religious Policy of the FSLN
Ernesto Cardenal's Tour de Force
The Ideological Pluralism of the FSLN


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I made these for my three boys teachers for valentines. They loved them. First attempt at a Cakelt. I got my inspiration from cupcakeenvy. I love their cakelets! Cream Cheese pound cake covered in chocolate fondant. TFL
CakeCentral.com is the world's largest cake community for cake decorating professionals and enthusiasts.
(if this is a private computer)
Yes please, register now!


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Deluxe Backlit Keyboard
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Deluxe Backlit Keyboard
You can type in the dark without making a mistake using this Deluxe Backlit Keyboard from Monoprice!
This keyboard features blue LED lighting for each key. The light illuminates the letters as well as the edges of each key. The illumination can be turned on and off using a key where the Scroll Lock key normally goes (this keyboard does not have a Scroll Lock key). The USB cable is about 58" long.


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Deconstruct the argument that the Republicans have not caved to the Democrats when it mattered. Post facts as to where and when they stood up to the Democrats on issues and sent them running off with their tail between their legs. Cite chapter and verse. Name calling won' get you anywhere with me.
Just for your edification here is one example: Bill Clinton was President. Congress passed a bill forbidding partial birth abortion. Clinton vetoed it. The Senate overrode his veto and sent it to the House. It came down to one vote as to whether Clinton's veto would be sustained or overrode. A Republican cast the deciding vote to sustain it. That was one of many.
Strawman fallacy.
I don't hold the position that Republicans havn't caved. I've been all over spineless Boehner on that very point.
But I also don't hold following position...
Look, I think we all know that the odds are long. But there really is no choice but to try to change things. To see post after post that pretty much says that it will never happen to me is defeatist.


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Have you started reading a great book only to find that it's the second or third in a long series? Even worse if it mentions details from previous books you haven't read! So, here at Apple Green Books we have put together a handy list for you to check the order of books in your favourite series, and you can also quickly and easily find them all on eBay for you to purchase. We hope you find it useful, and please do not hesitate to contact us to request a list of books we don't have. Happy reading!
Wilbur Smith
Wilbur Smith was born in Zambia in 1933. He attended Rhodes University in South Africa and, after a brief spell as a journalist, became a chartered accountant. Smith then decided to become a full-time writer and has written many best-selling and famous books.
Here are Wilbur Smith's Courtney Series novels in reading list order from first to last:
The Courtney Series
1. Birds of Prey 1660s
It is 1667 and the mighty naval war between the Dutch and the English still rages. Sir Francis Courtney and his son Hal, in their fighting caravel, are on patrol off southern Africa, lying in wait for a galleon of the Dutch East India Company returning from the Orient laden with spices, timber and gold...
2. Monsoon 1690s
It is the dawn of the eighteenth century. At the farthest edges of the known world, the mighty East India Trading Company suffers catastrophic losses from pirates of the high seas. After four years away from service, master mariner Sir Hal Courtney prepares for his latest and most dangerous voyage -- a death or glory mission in the name of the Empire and the Crown. Monsoon is Wilbur Smith's extraordinary new Courtney novel: a story of anger and passion, of peace and war. Action, romance and adventure shape a family's destiny as they contest a prize beyond any of their wildest dreams...
3. Blue Horizon 1730s
At the close of Wilbur Smith's bestselling Monsoon, Tom Courtney and his brother Dorian battled on the high seas and finally reached the Cape of Good Hope to start life afresh. In this spellbinding new novel, the next generation of Courtneys are out to stake their claim in Southern Africa, travelling along the infamous 'Robber's Road'. It is a journey both exciting and hazardous, that takes them through the untouched wilderness of a beautiful land filled with warring tribes and wild animals.
4. When the Lion Feeds 1860s-1890s
It is the 1870s and twin brothers Sean and Garrick Courtney are born into the wilds of Natal. They could not be more different, and fate, war and the jealous schemes of a woman are to drive them even further apart. But as history unfolds, a continent is awakening. And on the horizon is the promise of fortune, adventure, destiny and love . . .
5. Triumph of the Sun 1880s
In the Sudan, decades of brutal misgovernment by the ruling Egyptian Khedive in Cairo precipitate a fierce and bloody rebellion and Holy War headed by a charismatic new religious leader, The Madhi or "Expected One". The British are forced to intervene to protect their national interests and to attempt to rescue the hundreds of British subjects stranded in the country. Along with hundreds of others, British trader and businessman, Ryder Courtney is trapped in the capital city of Khartoum. It is here that he meets Captain Penrod Ballantyne of the 10th Hussars, as well as the British Consul, David Benbrook and his three beautiful daughters. Against the vivid and bloody backdrop of the siege of Khartoum, in which British General Charles George Gordon is killed and the British retreat, these three powerful men fight to survive.
6. The Sound of Thunder 1899-1906
Only once in his life had Sean met a man whose stength matched his own - and now again they were pitted against each other. He drove the heel of his right hand up under Jan Paulus's chin, forcing his head back abainst the endircling left arm. It should have broken Jan Paulus's neck. Instead he locked his arms around Sean's chest below the level of his armpits - and squeezed. Within seconds Sean felt his face swellign and congesting with blood, his mouth opened and his tongue came out between his teeth.' Sound of Thunder is a vibrant tale of war, and of love and hatred in many forms: between brothers, between friends, between father and son, and between man and woman.
7. Assegai 1906-1918
It is 1913 and ex-soldier turned professional big game hunter, Leon Courtney, is in British East Africa guiding rich and powerful men from America and Europe on safaris in the Masai tribe territories. One of his clients, German industrialist Count Otto Von Meerbach, has a company which builds aircraft and vehicles for the Kaiser's burgeoning army. But Leon had not bargained for falling passionately in love with Eva, the Count's beautiful and enigmatic mistress. Just prior to the outbreak of World War I, Leon is recruited by his uncle, Penrod Ballantyne, Commander of the British Forces in East Africa , to gather information from Von Meerbach. He stumbles on a plot against the British involving the disenchanted survivors of the Boer War, but it is only when Eva and Von Meerbach return to Africa that Leon finds out who and what is really behind the conspiracy.
8. The Burning Shore 1917-1920
Centaine screamed and drove the point of her stave down into the jaws with all her strength. She felt the sharpened end bite into the soft pink mucous membrane in the back of its throat, saw the spurt of scarlet blood, and then the lion locked its jaws on the stave and with a toss of its flying mane ripped it out of her hands and sent it windmilling out and down to hit the earth below.' The passionate love of a beautiful French aristocrat for a courageous South African aviator is begun and extinguished in the blazing skies of war-torn France. But Centaine de Thiry is bent on realizing some of the dreams which she and Michael Courtney had shared - and sets out to seek a future for his unborn child in the country of Michael's birth. But in a monumental odyssey of disaster and adventure she must first brave all the combined terrors of war, shipwreck, thirst, fever and the burning vastnesses of Namibia's Skeleton Coast before she sees another living soul...
9. A Sparrow Falls 1918-1925
Mark never heard the Mauser shot for the bullet came ahead of the sound. There was only the massive shock in the upper part of his body, and then he was hurled backwards with a violence that drove the air from his lungs.The earth opened before him, and as he fell, there was a sensation of being engulfed in a swirling vortex of blackness and he knew for just a fleeting instant of time that he was dead.' From the trenches of France, General Sean Courtney comes back to fame, fortune and a seat in the Government. Mark Anders, the courageous young South African whom he has come to regard as his own son, returns to nothing, his grandfather murdered, his property seized by an unknown company. At the bottom of the mystery is Sean's son Dirk, the jealous, violent and power-crazed genius whose all-consuming hatred can only end in blood...
10. Power of the Sword 1931-1948
They were half-brothers, raised in different worlds in the same country, and destined to be lifelong enemies. Manfred De La Ray and Shasa Courtney, sons of Centaine de Thiry, were blood enemies from their very first boyhood encounter. Caught up in the tumult of South Africa's history through two decades, they found themselves adversaries in an age-old war of savagery to seize the sword of power in their land. Sweeping from the teeming goldfields of the highland to the secret citadels of Afrikaaner power, from the clamouring stadiums of Hitler's Berlin Olympics to the raging war over Abyssinia.
11. Rage 1950s and 1960s
There are heroes and there are monsters. But most of us are ordinary mortals caught up in events too turbulent for any of us. Perhaps when the battle is over, all we will inherit are the ashes of a once beautiful land. It is 1952. Guided by the ruthless hands of Shasa Courtney and Centaine Malcomess, the Courtney family empire has come to dominate the lives of white and black South African alike. But the winds of change are fanning fires of revolution. In his deadly quest for power, Shasa will be tested far beyond the battle of the boardroom, forced to betray his ideals for a misguided dream of national unity.
12. Golden Fox 1969-1979
She felt Ramón come awake and spring from the bed, naked and lithe as a jungle cat. She heard the metallic snicker of a firearm as he snatched the pistol from the holster. In the darkness a yellow flower of gun-flamed bloomed, and a single bullet whiplashed across twenty yards of open ground... In the searing heat of a divided Africa two decades of bitter dynastic conflict explode with terrifying ferocity. To Gary and Sean Courtney it is a struggle to the end; brother pitted against brother as they are dragged unwittingly into the lair of an international terrorist. Only Isabella Courtney stands between them and the mutual destruction they have willed for so long. Beautiful, headstrong Isabella; the link to 'Golden Fox' - a man whose alias hides a sinister and deadly secret...
13. A Time To Die 1987
For Sean Courtney, veteran guerrilla fighter and professional warrior, it is a time to fight and a time to find a deep and passionate love. For the beautiful Claudia Monterro it is a time to face the ultimate test in a world where American values count for nothing. And for Ricardo, her father, a rich and ruthless tycoon, it is a time to confront a dangerous obsession.


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text: Roshinia 47,305pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit Classic editor History Add New Page Talk0 Roshinia is a character residing in the Craglorn city of Belkarth. AppearancesEdit The Elder Scrolls Online This The Elder Scrolls Online character page is a stub. You can help by adding to it. Retrieved from "http://elderscrolls.wikia.com/wiki/Roshinia?oldid=2108895" Categories: Online: Pages Missing Data Online: Character Image Needed Online: Characters Online: Character Stub Online: Belkarth Characters Add category Cancel Save