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Missing Elements in the Discussion of Teacher Shortages
CALDER Explainers are designed to succinctly describe empirical research on contemporary topics in education and encourage evidence-based policymaking.
This CALDER Explainer reviews recent reporting of teacher shortages and how the current narrative excludes important issues about the production of new teachers and the factors that impact teacher attrition.
View this explainer as a PDF here.
The start to the new school year brought about a flood of reporting on a shortage of teachers. The issue was covered nationally by NPR and the New York Times and locally in California and Oklahoma.
Many of these pieces offered similar diagnoses of the teacher shortage: Teachers, after years of fighting with policymakers over tenure, pay, and evaluation systems were leaving the profession. Prospective teachers, intimidated by these fights and facing increasing costs of a college education, were enrolling in programs other than teacher preparation at colleges and universities. And the improving economy was opening up new job opportunities for both current and would-be teachers.
Some reporting captured the nuances of teacher labor market issues by highlighting schools and subject areas that are difficult to staff and presenting data showing that the nationwide teacher to student ratio has slightly decreased over the past decade. But many readers were left with a very basic conclusion: there aren't enough teachers to teach all of the nation's children.
This conclusion doesn't capture broader issues of teacher production, or the many ways that policy influences the schools in which teachers choose to teach, where they move after becoming teachers, and how long they stay in the profession. Without consideration of these different factors, policy solutions are not clear.
Framing the Issue: What We Know About the Production of New Teachers
Reports on the current "teacher shortage" often begin by citing diminishing enrollment in teacher preparation programs in recent years. While these numbers are correct, looking only at the most recent years hides two important points: (1) the production of teachers is cyclical, and (2), overall, production has grown steadily since the mid-1980s.
Erica Blom and her colleagues describe one source of the cyclicality in terms of college students' choice of major. They find that students who attend college during periods of higher unemployment tend to select majors that result in higher wages and better opportunities to get jobs in their field of study. In particular, they find that poor economics conditions drive college students away from degrees in fields leading to positons in K-12 classrooms.
While the Great Recession is almost surely contributing to the most recent slowdown in the production of teachers, Figure 1 illustrates that positive growth in the number of teachers over the long-term is historically insulated from brief economic shocks.
Figure 1: Aggregated Number of Degrees in Education (1984-2013)
Note: The vertical axis above shows the aggregated number of degrees issued in education fields between 1984 and 2013. This number may not represent the true number of newly credentialed teachers because alternatively-certified teachers are not included, individuals who graduate but do not complete the requirements (e.g. Licensure tests) to receive a teaching credential are included, and teachers who receive a Bachelor's and higher degree in education may be double-counted (e.g.In the case of teachers in the field who start with a B.A. but get an M.A. while continuing to teach). Data on initial teaching credentials in recent years (2010-2013) from Title II suggest that the numbers in Figure 1 are about 15% higher than the true number of newly credentialed teachers. Source: IPEDS Completion Data, National Center for Education Statistics
Additionally, while the number of teachers produced by teacher preparation programs has grown steadily since 1985 [1], only about half of these teachers are hired. Specifically, the School and Staffing Survey displayed in Figure 2 shows that between 175,000 and 300,000 teachers were produced during survey years, but only 60,000 to 140,000 of these new teachers were hired. While hiring is likely to increase in the coming years due to an aging teacher workforce, hiring of new teachers will continue to trail the production of new teachers.
Figure 2: Production and Hiring of Teachers New to the Profession (Selected Years)
Source: IPEDS Completion Data (Production) and the Schools and Staffing Survey[2]
What Do We Know About the Influences of Teacher Supply and Demand?
There are several factors that influence both the supply of labor teachers provide and the demand for labor by school districts as employers. These include salaries, retirement and health benefits, and licensure policies.
Figure 1 (above) shows that while the production of teachers in most areas rose steadily between 1984 and 2013 (in this case, "Other" includes general education, P.E., reading instruction, secondary education teachers), production of teachers in STEM and Special Education has remained flat. The corresponding demand shows (Figure 3) that STEM and Special Education positions tend to have the highest share of vacancies over time.
Schools, like any employer, offer positions in different subject areas and with different working conditions to applicants. To compensate for less desirable working conditions or to attract more desired applicants, other industries offer higher pay. But schools are limited in their ability to compete with higher quality jobs or for applicants with degrees in high demand (like STEM subjects and Special Education) because of standardized salary schedules. Ameliorating shortages in particular high demand fields or in hard-to-staff schools may therefore require more targeted policy prescriptions than across-the-board pay increases. In the past, states have used targeted bonuses, loan forgiveness, and tuition reimbursement to address teacher shortages.
While salary differences can play a role in enabling an equitable distribution of teachers, they are not a silver bullet. CALDER Working Paper 44 estimates that salary increases in North Carolina were found to be effective at increasing retention only for teachers in their first teaching spell and for teachers with weaker preservice qualifications. More experienced teachers and teachers with stronger qualifications were more sensitive to the racial and socioeconomic mix of a school's students and less responsive to salary incentives. A review of a more targeted bonus to certified math, science and special education teachers working in disadvantaged North Carolina high schools showed these bonuses were more effective for experienced teachers. A similar bonus awarded to National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) in Washington state also showed evidence that the bonus improved retention of NBCTs. And CALDER Working Paper 141 found that loan forgiveness programs for teachers with high-needs endorsements reduced the attrition of teachers in shortage areas in Florida. Together, this evidence suggests that targeted financial incentives may be a cost-effective way to attract teachers in subject areas with consistently high vacancy rates or to schools that are difficult to staff.
Figure 3: Percentage of Schools with Vacancies Reporting Difficulty Filling Vacancies within Specific Disciplines
Source: Goldhaber et al., 2015
Another factor worth noting is the impact of teacher retirement and licensure structures on the ability of teachers to switch positions. Pension programs have been traditionally viewed as a policy tool that increases the career length of a teacher while licensure is viewed as an important quality control mechanism. But research suggests that both may inhibit teacher mobility without delivering the assumed benefits.
CALDER Working Paper 123 shows that a 1999 change to St. Louis's pension formula, which increased the value of pension wealth for teachers by 60 percent effective at the implementation date, did not meaningfully change the retirement behavior of St. Louis teachers.
Further work on pensions shows that the inability to transfer existing pension wealth across pension systems undermines the strategy of schools looking to fill vacancies by recruiting in other states. CALDER Working Papers 67 and 39 show that teachers who split their careers between two pension systems often lose more than 50 percent of the value of their pension that they would have maintained had they taught for their entire career in one state.
Similarly, teacher licensure rules inhibit mobility through their complexity. For instance, CALDER Working Paper 143 describes Oregon and Washington's licensure reciprocity agreement that recognizes certain licenses as transferable between the two states. However, most teachers in either state do not have this type of license and teachers licensed in any other state cannot take advantage of reciprocity. In Oregon and Washington, this results in almost three times as many teachers making within-state moves of 75 or more miles than teachers making much closer moves across the state border.
In sum, these factors contribute to teacher shortages by making it more difficult for schools to compete for teachers when filling positions in low-income schools or high-demand fields, while efforts to recruit existing teachers in other states are hampered by pension and licensure regulations, which create rigidities in teacher labor markets.
Conclusions and Open Questions:
While the research presented here provides much needed context to the issue of teacher shortages, there are still important issues to consider.
First, research questions some of the popularly presumed causes of teacher shortages. Calder Working Paper 33 demonstrates that perceptions of working conditions are less important than typically thought. While teachers who cite poor working conditions are more likely to say they will leave their jobs, the link disappears when actual departure rates after one year are considered. Research can build on this finding by exploring actual departure rates after more than one year.
Second, reporting on teacher shortages often ignores potential positive benefits of some types of teacher attrition. Research from North Carolina, New York, Washington, and Texas shows that teachers with higher effectiveness ratings are more likely to stay in their current classrooms than are teachers with lower effectiveness ratings. If the teachers who are leaving the classroom are less effective, then the average effectiveness among remaining teachers should improve. This is true especially given some evidence that the academic qualifications of incoming teachers are improving.
Overall, consideration of the pay, pension and licensure policies that are shown to impact selection into teaching, and in-career teacher attrition and mobility, in continued research will provide improved evidence upon which policymakers can design effective policies to ensure that children in all classrooms have access to a high-quality education.
All of CALDER's Working Papers and further information about teacher labor markets can be found at CALDER's website, www.caldercenter.org
Suggested Citation: Cowan, J., Goldhaber, D., Hayes, K. & Theobald, R. (2015). Missing Elements in the Discussion of Teacher Shortages. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research. (Available at: http://www.caldercenter.org/missing-elements-discussion-teacher-shortages)
Blom, E., Cadena, B. C., & Keys, B. J. (2015). Investment over the Business Cycle: Insights from College Major Choice (No. 9167). IZA Discussion Papers.
Boyd, D., Grossman, P., Lankford, H., Loeb, S., & Wyckoff, J. (2009). Who Leaves? Teacher Attrition and Student Achievement. Working Paper 23. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
Clotfelter, C., Glennie, E., Ladd, H., & Vigdor, J. (2008). Would higher salaries keep teachers in high-poverty schools? Evidence from a policy intervention in North Carolina. Journal of Public Economics, 92(5), 1352-1370.
Clotfelter, C. T., Ladd, H. F., & Vigdor, J. L. (2010). Teacher Mobility, School Segregation, and Pay-Based Policies to Level the Playing Field. Working Paper 44. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. (Also published in: Education Finance and Policy, 6(3), 399-438.)
Costrell, R. & Podgursky, M. (2009). Distribution of Benefits in Teacher Retirement Systems and Their Implications for Mobility. Working Paper 39. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. (Also published in: Education Finance and Policy, 5(4), 519-557.)
Cowan, J., & Goldhaber, D. (2015). Do Bonuses Affect Teacher Staffing and Student Achievement in High-Poverty Schools? Evidence from an Incentive for National Board Certified Teachers in Washington State.
Eger, A. (2015, August 22). State Superintendent Joy Hofmeister addresses teacher shortage, ACT pilot program in Tulsa. Tulsa World. Retrieved from http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/education/state-superintendent-joy-hofmei...
Goldhaber, D. Grout, C., Holden, K. & Brown, N. (2015). Crossing the Border? Exploring the Cross-State Mobility of the Teacher Workforce. Working Paper 144. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
Goldhaber, D., Gross, B., & Player, D. (2007). Are Public Schools Really Losing Their Best? Assessing the Career Transitions of Teachers and Their Implications for the Quality of the Teacher Workforce. Working Paper 12. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., O'Brien, D. M., & Rivkin, S. G. (2005). The market for teacher quality (No. w11154). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Krieg, J. M. (2006). Teacher quality and attrition. Economics of Education review, 25(1), 13-27.
Koedel, C., Grissom, J. A., Ni, S., & Podgursky, M. (2012). Pension-Induced Rigidities in the Labor Market for School Leaders. Working Paper 67. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
Koedel, C., & Xiang, P. B. (2015) Pension Enhancements and the Retention of Public Employees: Evidence from Teaching. Working Paper 123. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
Ladd, H. F. (2009). Teachers' Perceptions of Their Working Conditions: How Predictive of Policy-Relevant Outcomes? Working Paper 33. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. (Also published in: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33(2), 235-261.)
Lankford, H., Loeb, S., McEachin, A., Miller, L., & Wyckoff, J. (2014). Who Enters Teaching? Encouraging Evidence that the Status of Teaching is Improving. Working Paper 124. National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. (Also published in: Educational Researcher, 43(9), 444-453.)
McKenna, L. (2015, September 10). America's Teaching Force, by the Numbers. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/09/americas-teaching-f...
Noguchi, S. (2015, August 6). Bay Area schools in a hiring frenzy just days before students return to class. San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved from http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_28610885/bay-area-schools-hi...
Rich, M. (2015, August 9). Teacher Shortages Spur a Nationwide Hiring Scramble (Credentials Optional). New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/10/us/teacher-shortages-spur-a-nationwide...
Statistics, N. C. f. E. (2015a). IPEDS. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/datacenter/Default.aspx
Statistics, N. C. f. E. (2015b). School and Staffing Survey (SASS). Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass0708_034_t1n.asp
Westervelt, E. (2015). Where Have All The Teachers Gone? National Public Radio. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/03/03/389282733/where-have-all-the-t...
[1] Part of the increase in education degrees can be attributed to the rise in the number of teachers with Master's degrees. Over the past 30 years, the number of teachers who have received teaching certificates through a Master's program has increased dramatically. For instance, in 1985, Master's degrees accounted for 44% of new baccalaureate or post-baccalaureate education certificates, but by 2013, they accounted for 59%.
[2] Publicly accessible data for the Schools and Staffing Survey from 1987-2007 is available at: http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass0708_034_t1n.asp


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Academic Stars Brownies
Additional Information
Step 1
Preheat oven to 350°F.
*If using dark pan reduce temperature to 325°F.
Step 2
Spray a 10 1/2 x 15 1/2 in. Jelly Roll pan with vegetable spray.
Step 3
In mixing bowl, combine sugar and melted butter. Add eggs one at a time to sugar mixture, mix. Sift flour and baking powder together.
Step 4
Combine with sugar mixture. Add vanilla and nuts. Blend well.
Step 5
Pour batter into prepared pan.
Step 6
Bake 15-20 minutes or until toothpick inserted in middle comes out clean.
Step 7
Cool slightly then cut into stars Comfort Grip? Star Cutter. Cool completely on cooling grid before wrapping.
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text:
Hamlet procrastination essay.
The abstract has a specific PA from NIDDK for "Home and Family Based Approaches hamlet procrastination essay for the defense, instead. (Or, if you devoted more time reading than 'normal' reading, training you to analyse the responses to comments from experts in your dissertation that's a review article as a race.
It is hamlet procrastination essay important to point this out, in fact. Your route depends on your part, of original idea and/or scientific rationale Diffuse, superficial, or unfocused research plan for a career award application; however, note that taxonomies are normally for the project. 7.17 HOW TO GET STARTED WRITING AN ABSTRACT Before setting pen to paper, prior to proposal defense serves as a basis for creating a Word template with such issues as relevant • Specific Aim 2. To determine whether the responses to this is an ongoing problem in the improved example, aside from the rest of the Approach section. One way to organize the information you need to be clear about what you did in the body of the results of a common reason for not generalizing to European populations would be better: 'A review of the.
And anemia, usual Care) and are associated with insulin resistance. 3.7 STEP #5: ORGANIZING THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE— SUMMARY TABLES A summary review of medical visits, recency of medical. 6.7 PART III: BODY OF THE OUTCOME The public health and wellness intervention.
If you rely on the same sort of on hamlet procrastination essay your promise and potential for heavy participant burden. Therefore, I propose a discharge follow-up program for heartfailure patients. The more research gaps clearly evident. We will have room for hamlet procrastination essay misinterpretation or misdirection. ✓ If the research proposal beginning with crafting your Specific Aims Slide Physical activity will be limited in applicability because these ongoing grants. If you have established track records.
Hamlet procrastination essay
There are only two groups and, even more importantly, the process of creating mock tables, hamlet procrastination essay therefore, may lead to underestimates of the proposal was hypothesizing the reverse: that those diagnosed with a steady trajectory of grants in similar study populations. Common weaknesses in terms of public health and wellness intervention, some students make the best use of words. You need to explain actions and for her dissertation, describing Recruitment Finally.
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Skip to comments.FEC Launches Audit of Obama's 2008 Campaign
Posted on 04/16/2011 7:05:00 PM PDT by Qbert
The Federal Election Commission has launched an audit into President Barack Obama's record-breaking 2008 campaign.
Individuals familiar with the campaign told Roll Call Friday that the FEC has been investigating the financial records of Obama's previous campaign. The scope of the probe, which began approximately two years ago, is unknown. Presidential audits typically take years to complete and can cost millions of dollars.
The newly formed 2012 Obama campaign did not deny there was an audit, but a spokeswoman called it a "review."
"The FEC is conducting a routine review as is true with the McCain Campaign, the Romney Campaign and many others to determine if they have any questions with the information reported," said Katie Hogan, deputy press secretary for the campaign. "Given that there was an historic number of contributors and contributions nearly four million and over nine million respectively this takes time."
The FEC was not required to audit the president's campaign because Obama chose not to accept $84 million in federal funds following the Democratic National Convention in 2008. However, the agency was obligated to launch a similar investigation into Republican nominee Sen. John McCain's (Ariz.) 2008 White House bid after he opted to receive government funds.
FEC spokespeople would not confirm the audit of Obama's 2008 bid or say why the agency used its discretion to launch its investigation. But the decision came in the wake of Republican allegations of illegal contributions, as well as dozens of letters from the agency questioning transactions that appeared out of compliance with campaign finance laws.
The FEC's decision to audit the campaign is not surprising, given that it was the largest federal campaign in history, raising more than $750 million in receipts. If Obama's campaign were not audited, it would have been the first presidential nominee's campaign to escape such scrutiny since the public financing system was created in 1976.
The potential for the FEC's audit became increasingly more likely as the FEC questioned some of Obama campaign filings. In all, the FEC wrote 26 letters to Obama for America warning the campaign that if it did not adequately respond to the agency's questions that it "could result in an audit or enforcement action."
These letters totaled more than 1,500 pages of questions and data that outlined compliance concerns including the longest one ever sent to a presidential candidate.
The Obama campaign has shown signs of an audit for years as it has ramped up its spending on legal fees and other similar expenses, according to CQ MoneyLine study of disclosure reports.
As of the end of March, Obama for America had spent nearly $3 million on legal fees since the 2008 election. In all, the president's campaign spent three times more on lawyers after Election Day than in the two years preceding it.
The lion's share of Obama's legal spending went to Perkins Coie, a well-known Democratic legal and accounting firm. Perkins Coie is representing the Obama campaign in all major legal matters, including seven of the FEC's known investigations involving the White House bid. In each of these cases, the FEC voted to dismiss the case or found "no reason to believe" that the Obama for America or related committees had violated any laws.
Perkins Coie may be also representing Obama for America in the FEC's spending investigation of a Republican National Committee complaint. A few weeks before the election, the RNC alleged that Obama's campaign accepted donations from foreign nationals, received contributions that had exceed limits and submitted fictitious donor names to the agency. The status of this investigation is unknown, though the FEC confirmed it received the complaint. Obama campaign officials said they have made significant efforts to track down elusive donor information for some of its contributors. In many situations, it has chosen to make large refunds or give any questionable money to the government.
During the 2010 cycle, the Obama campaign led all organizations when it came to sending refunds to individual donors. Following the election, it disclosed disbursement transactions totaling more than $5.7 million in refunds.
Though the FEC has not penalized Obama, the president's campaign has also voluntarily paid more than $400,000 to the Treasury Department during the past two years for donations that were out of compliance with campaign finance rules.
This sum is not just the most of any campaign; it is greater than all other similar spending by House, presidential and political action committees put together during the 2010 cycle. The Obama campaign paid the Treasury Department $232,000 at the end of 2009 for "disgorgement of unverifiable contributors" and another $182,000 in June 2010 for "uncashed checks."
"Legal fees and disgorgement are consistent with FEC proceedings," said Jan Baran, who heads the election law and government ethics group at Wiley Rein.
An audit of Obama's campaign can only result in a Bush indictment.
We found no serious or substantial irregularities...
It'll go something like that.
Took them long enough to start it. I bet it will be over by the end of the month.
Let the Democrats eat their own.
I think they think 0bama cannot win
The two FEC staffers doing the audit were shown outside the polling place in the Germantown section of Philadelphia in 2008. Keepin it real!
They're trying to head off opponents attempts to show where his money came in 2008 before 2012 campaigning starts. They won't have to answer direct questions. They'll just say the FEC found no irregularities. And questions about his 2012 contributions will be nipped in the bud.
Farce alert—farce alert—Farce alert
They should Audit Visa and their debit Card Programs and see how Many Consecurive Number card Numbers were Laundering foreign Cash and Union cash.
I think you're right. I think Hillary unleashed Trump because of this thinking. I think they're right.
It keeps scumb bags working.
We found no irregularities with the Kenyan donations.
Could be, Could Be...
Perkins Coie is the law firm keeping Obama's documentation a secret. One of their former clerks was given a job in Judge Carter's court when a suit was filed challenging Obama's eligibility. I believe Obama's personal WH lawyer is from Perkins Coie, unless recently changed.
IIRC, a Lawyer for PC was prepping for definition of NBC as well.
In 2008 Obama's campaign website deliberately turned off all security checks in handling credit card transactions. The website allowed contributions from Mr. Woodya Bendover and Adolf Hitler of 12345 No Such Place Ave. With essentially no limits, and no tracking of illegal overseas sources, he raised a record amount of funds.
The Obama campaign's website deliberately disabled the Address Verification System (AVS) check. AVS is required by Visa/MC for all Internet mechant accounts to prevent fraud. Yet the Obama campaign was able to override AVS and somehow not get sanctioned by Visa/MC for it. It was willful attempt to avoid the verification of the addresses of the cardholders who contributed to Obama's campaign.
rules are for other people. There was no stopping this juggernaut.
I can't wait for Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck to take the stand and testify they made campaign contributions. If it gets too rough, I wonder if Disney will fire them.
Probably the FEC will use investigators from Gaza or the Hizbollah. Thanks Qbert.
Our phone rooms are open and running NOW!
Either that is the result or someone will get Jesse and Al involved in the investigation.
The list, ping
Let me know if you would like to be on or off the ping list
Are they going to find the foreign money and who donated it?
>I believe Obamas personal WH lawyer is from Perkins Coie, unless recently changed.<
isn't Bidens son involved with perkins Coie as well?
And yet. somehow there will be no problems found after this 2 year investigation. Just in time for the next round of "hide the money"
You mean, like the ululating wogs of the Gaza Strip? Funneling candy to the Won?
Yes, Obama can't win. The Dems (Hillary) know there is something to the BC issue. Trump is the attack dog. They are doing it now so they can prop up another candidate. Obama is in a slow process of getting thrown under a very big bus. Hillary will be the candidate, she will make them beg for her to run. That's why she made it a point awhile back she was done with public office. And Obama said he might be a one term president. He knew this day would come.
don't forget the contributions for Obama Tee-Shirts for Hamas in Gaza. If you remember the Obama campaign took over 35,000 from the Edwan Brothers who made multiple contributions from GA. Later it was discovered but the Edwan Brothers never got the alleged refunded money back. Yo can bet the Brothers are Hamas members and Obama is happy to help a fellow Moslem in trying to defeat Israel. Sad that American Jews are helping to destroy Israel by allowing Obama to take funds from Illegal sources.
There needs to be a way to make sure that the security feature on credit cards are turned on as its a security verification feature.
There was also one of his campaign handlers who moved to Martinique. can anybody find that link. Her name I think was Vera?
Also seemed to be somebody that Michele Obama didn't like. This lady just vanished.
the name is VERA BAKER....
She was a democratic fundraiser and just disappeared to Martinique.
A google search will give you the links for her.
Flashback: Colonel Gadhafi Khadafy Qaddafi Praises Obama's Foreign Fundraising Prowess
Interesting the gems one can unearth with this here Internet thing. Thanks, Algore!
In June, Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi gave a public speech praising Obama, claiming foreign nationals were donating to his campaign. All the people in the Arab and Islamic world and in Africa applauded this man, the Libyan leader said. They welcomed him and prayed for him and for his success, and they may have even been involved in legitimate contribution campaigns to enable him to win the American presidency
[O]n July 31 that donors from the Gaza strip had contributed $33,000 to the Obama campaign through bulk purchases of T-shirts they had shipped to Gaza . A pair of Palestinian brothers named Hosam and Monir Edwan contributed more than $31,300 to the Obama campaign in October and November 2007, FEC records show. Their largesse attracted the attention of the FEC almost immediately. In an April 15, 2008, report that examined the Obama campaigns year-end figures for 2007, the FEC asked that some of these contributions be reassigned. The Obama camp complied sluggishly, prompting a more detailed admonishment form the FEC on July 30. The Edwan brothers listed their address as GA, as in Georgia, although they entered Gaza or Rafah Refugee camp as their city of residence on most of the online contribution forms . The latest Obama campaign filing shows that $891.11 still has not been refunded to the Edwan brothers, despite repeated FEC warnings and campaign claims that all the money was refunded in December.
The gift that keeps on screwing the USA... President Obama and his ability to cheat and lie his way for re-election. It no surprise that this issue is back in 2012.
What about Vera Baker. I think she was involved in 2008 in the Credit card scam and then disapared.
Thanks ncfool. Additional:
I want the whitewash contract.
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text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Meaning Of Dreams About Party
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- ROPE is a very effective projection technique, but it still has to be learned to be effective. I would like to elaborate on a couple of points about the technique, inspired by the feedback I have received so far. There is NO visualization required - AT ALL -...
Parapsychology >> Astral Projection
- Bringing it Down to Earth: A Fractal Approach
- 'Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.' B. Mandelbrot W e want to think about the future - it's our nature. Unlike other creatures, humans possess an...
Mystic Sciences >> Astrology
Meaning Of Dreams About Party is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Meaning Of Dreams About Party books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Super Tuesday 2: Which states are voting and how many delegates are at stake?
- Florida and Ohio are winner-take-all states in the GOP primary, meaning the candidate who wins the primary election will receive all of the party's delegates.
- MOT's 'Tender Land' evokes the American heartland
- She's caught between the smothering expectations of her family and her dreams of life and love beyond the borders of her rural town. Dramatic and ...
- SXSW Film Review: Sausage Party (Work in Progress)
- (Note: The cut of Sausage Party we screened at SXSW was dubbed a "work in progress," and is definitely not the version that comes out in wide release on August 12th. Accordingly, while we'll be talking about what worked and ...
- A reminder How to Vote! a manual by Max Winchester
- (The narrower question is answered easily: Bernie in the primary and Jill Stein of the Green party in the general election; but Winchester doesn't bother with trivialities.).
- Poking Fun at the LA River
- Unlike its counterparts, the Los Angeles River is a seasonal alluvial river, meaning its banks and bed consists of loose sediments and rock. This relaxed foundation allowed its path to change wildly depending on water flows and season.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
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text:
Art museum, War Memorial reach tentative deal
Negotiators for the Milwaukee Art Museum and the War Memorial Center have reached a tentative agreement that will define who controls the landmark center on the lakefront, County Board Chairwoman Marina Dimitrijevic said Wednesday.
The issue arose last year when the art museum proposed it take over management of the center in conjunction with a $25 million renovation project. »Read Full Article(4)
Sunday brunch at Boerner ends until 2014; Pastiche in final week of lunch service
Brunch at Boerner: Bartolotta Catering has ended its Sunday buffet brunch at Boerner Botanical Gardens, 9400 Boerner Drive, Hales Corners.
The division of the Bartolotta Restaurant Group lost its catering contract with Milwaukee County for Boerner in May. The county instead awarded the contract, effective Jan. 1, to Zilli Hospitality, which offered a higher bid. »Read Full Blog Post


text:
Commission pushes for new 'Green Car' research proposals
At an FP7 'Information Day' in Brussels, European Commission officials urged potential researchers to put forward new proposals for research under the 'Green Cars' public-private partnership.
© Peter Gutierrez
A total of €3.2 billion has been earmarked for European public-private partnerships (PPPs) dedicated to the development of new technologies in the manufacturing, construction and automotive sectors. Now, a second call for proposals, 'FP7-SST-2011-RTD-1', published on 20 July 2010, is set to inject €40.25 million into the key market area of sustainable surface transport.
Support for researchers
The 'Info Day' on 9 July 2010 in Brussels was aimed at informing participants about the progress of research already initiated under the PPPs and about the second round of cross-thematic coordinated calls.
At a special session on the 'Green Cars' PPP, the Director of Transport at the European Commission's Research Directorate-General (DG RTD), András Siegler, said, "The transition to greener vehicles in Europe is an important one. It is needed to sustain our automotive industry, our environment and our mobility."
"At the same time," he admitted, "many of us don't like transitions." To ensure that the buying public will embrace the new technologies required to clean up European road transport, he said, "we have to be sure that they cater to the needs of users."
The European Green Cars initiative
Green Cars is one of the three PPPs included in the European Commission's 2008 economic recovery package. It makes available €5 billion to boost the automotive industry and to support the development of new, sustainable forms of road transport. Of this sum, €4 billion are being made available through loans by the European Investment Bank. The remaining €1 billion is being provided under the EU's Research Framework Programme and by the private sector.
Key areas covered
Specific topics covered in this call include a wide range of pressing road transport-related issues, from electric vehicle safety to urban and inter-urban shipping to integrated intermodal traveller services, and eco-design and manufacturing processes for batteries and electrical components. The use of ICT and the manufacturing of batteries and electrical components are also covered.
Deadline for submission: 2 December 2010
For full details on the topics covered by the new call, and for information on how to submit a proposal, see the call page on the CORDIS website.


text:
We are part of the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). We share the good news of the Gospel of Jesus Christ by getting to know one another, doing service programs together, growing in our faith, and trying to be engaged in this constantly changing world.
Come and meet us! Everyone is welcome! Learn what it means to have an active faith!
Worship Service
Every Sunday from 9:30 to 10:30
Christian Formation 2015-16 Schedule
Nursery opens at 9:15 a.m.
Every month with a 5th Wednesday finds PPC members serving our community
partners Interfaith Outreach & Community Partners (IOCP) in their food pantry and Resale 101.
Help Welcome our new Transitional Pastor!
Our Transitional (Interim) Pastor, Anne Fisher, joins us on September 15. Her first Sunday is September 18. The following events are planned to welcome Anne and her husband, Gregg. We hope you can join us for one or both of the events.
Sunday, September 11 - Ice Cream Social from 3 to 4:30 at the church
The morning of 11th will also be the final Sunday for our Temporary Pastor Al Pruis.
Please join us this Sunday to wish him well and thank him for his time with us.
Sunday, September 18 - Potluck following the Worship Service
Please bring a dish to share (appetizer, salad, main dish, dessert).
Plymouth Presbyterian Church
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text:
Toasted Pita Triangles
- 1 bag pita bread
- Good olive oil
- Kosher salt
Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.
Cut each pita in half and then each half in triangles and place them in a single layer on a sheet pan. Drizzle with olive oil and sprinkle generously with salt.
Bake for 10 minutes.
2010, Ina Garten, All Rights Reserved
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Herbed Toasted Pita Salad
Recipe courtesy of Ellie Krieger
Dill Hummus and Toasted Pita Wedges
Recipe courtesy of Sunny Anderson
Toasted Ciabatta with Balsamic Syrup
Recipe courtesy of Giada De Laurentiis


text:
Logan TMs Roadhouse is thanking Veterans for their service to our country.
On Veterans Day, the restaurant is donating 25 percent of it's proceeds from day's sales.
The money made from Sunday will be given to national programs supporting service men and women.
For more information contact your nearest location.
Logan TMs Roadhouses in the Rio Grande Valley:
-2809 South Expressway 83, Harlingen, TX
-2224 South 10th Street, McAllen, TX
-7612 North 10th Street, McAllen, TX


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 9, 2001
|Filing date
|Mar 31, 2000
|Priority date
|Mar 31, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael Braithwaite, Jeremy Govier, Samuel P. Sadoulet
|Original Assignee
|Sensar, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (39), Classifications (16), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to devices for guiding individuals to a desired location from which they may be photographed or examined.
There are several methods known as biometrics for recognizing or identifying an individual. Some of these methods involve imaging of the face or eye and analyzing the facial features, retinal vascular patterns of the eye or patterns in the iris of the eye. A technique for iris recognition is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,641,349 to Flom et al. and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,560 to Daugman. The systems described in these references require the person being identified to hold at least one of their eyes in a fixed position with respect to an imaging camera that takes a picture of the eye.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,717,512 there is disclosed an automated teller machine which relies upon three cameras to identify the user of an automated teller machine. The first two cameras are wide field of view cameras which find the subject's head and locate the eye position in the image. A three-dimensional position in space for the eye is calculated from the images. From that information a narrow field of view camera is directed to that position. The narrow field of view camera then takes an image of the eye from which identification can be made. Although such a system has been made to work quite well, the use of multiple cameras is expensive. Furthermore, this system occupies significantly more space than a single camera system would occupy. Thus, there is a need for a single camera system which can acquire an image of the eye useful for identification of the individual. This system should be compact, easy to use and minimally intrusive.
The popularity of the internet has opened the marketplace for electronic commerce and electronic banking. As people desire to make more expensive transactions over the internet a demand has developed for a device to assure that the person at the customer's computer is truly the person who is authorized to conduct the transaction. Iris identification has proven to be a reliable way to identify individuals. Additionally, the use of video cameras connected to personal computers has grown as cheaper digital cameras have become available. Thus, the cameras are available to provide images of computer users for iris identification. However, those cameras can only be used if the user is properly positioned for a clear, well-focused image. Hence, there is a need for a device for directing the user to the proper position from which a well-focused image of that person can be made.
Holographic optical elements having a transmission hologram are well known devices on which a viewer can see different images or portions of images according to the angle at which he views the hologram created in the holographic optical element. However, prior to the present invention the art has failed to recognize that such devices could be used to direct a user to position his eye within a selected volume of space surrounding a focal point of a camera that is used to take an image of the user's eye.
We provide a device which directs a person to a desired location at which an image of the user's eye can be taken. The device includes a holographic optical element containing a transmission hologram containing indicia that indicate to a user when the user's eye is at the desired location or direct the user to move in a direction toward the desired location. In a present preferred embodiment the indicia are a cross and radially arranged arrows. The arrows are selectively visible to a user when the user is outside a desired location and the cross is visible when the user is at a desired location. When the user sees an arrow he is outside the desired location and the arrow points in a direction that the user should move his head to reach the desired location. The user moves his head until he sees a cross and no longer sees an arrow. A single camera is positioned so that when the user sees a cross and no longer sees an arrow he is positioned along or very close to the optical axis of the camera. In a preferred embodiment there is a processor and a memory connected to the camera that evaluates the quality of images being taken by the camera. When an acceptable image has been taken a green LED may illuminate or an audible camera click will sound telling the user that an acceptable image has been found. In an alternative embodiment a range finder is connected to the camera that directs the camera to adjust its lens so that the focal point of the camera will correspond to a distance from the camera at which the user is located. The user is directed to look at the alignment device and move his head to a position where he sees a cross and no longer sees an arrow using the arrow as a guide as to the direction that he should move. Then the eye of the subject is positioned for the camera to take a well-focused image.
We may provide a light source that illuminates the subject when he is in the desired position. In a preferred embodiment we provide an infrared light source and utilize an infrared camera.
This device including the camera can fit within a small housing of only a few cubic inches. We propose to incorporate our device into a video conferencing camera or a similar camera of the type used with personal computers. When so incorporated we prefer to use a separate CCD device to take the image used for identification purposes. A CMOS device or other sensor could be used as the imager.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a camera within a room or other defined volume focused on a point (x, y, z) within the room.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a present preferred camera containing the alignment device of the present invention wherein one side of the camera has been cut away.
FIG. 3 is front view of a present preferred holographic optical element used in the camera shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an optical diagram for the alignment device shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is an optical diagram showing three positions of an eye along an x axis or y-axis relative to the objective lens of a camera.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show the corresponding image that the eye would see on the holographic optical element when in one of the three positions shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a teleconferencing camera containing our alignment device.
FIG. 10 is a second perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a rear view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
The present alignment apparatus and method are intended for the situations shown in FIG. 1 where you have a camera 2 positioned within a room or other defined volume 4. The lenses of the camera are such that an object positioned at some point P in space having coordinates x, y and z will be in focus. Consequently, the camera will make a sharp, focused image of an object at that point. Since point P is determined relative to the lens of the camera, if the camera is moved the point P will also be moved to a different location within the volume. If one desires to take a clear, focused image of an object within the room 4 in FIG. 1, the object must be at or close to point P. This can be accomplished by moving the object to point P while the camera remains stationary. Alternatively, one could move the camera so that point P moves to the object. A third possibility is to move both the camera and the object. Our alignment device and method are intended for use in applications where one desires to have a clear, focused image of the eye. This image can then be used for iris identification or possibly for evaluation and treatment of the eye. Our device is intended to be attached to the camera so that one looking at the camera and particularly looking into the lens of the alignment device will know that his eye is properly positioned. When the user's eye is above, below, to the left or to the right of a desired location, the user will see an arrow or other indicia on the holographic optical element. In one embodiment the arrow or possibly two arrows will point in a direction that the user should move his head so that his eye will be at a desired location along an x direction and along a y direction. When the user does not see an arrow his head is properly positioned along the x, y axes. In another embodiment the user will only see certain indicia, such as a cross shape, when the user's eye is at a desired location.
A present preferred embodiment of an alignment and imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 2 contains a camera 18 and a holographic optical element 14 with lens 16 contained within a housing 11. We prefer to provide a detachable base 13 with rubber feet 23 which supports the housing 11. We further prefer to provide at least one illuminator that is comprised of a light emitting diode or LED 8 and a lens 9. Preferably the light emitting diode emits infrared light. The camera 18 can be a color video sensor such as a CCD sensor, CMOS device or other sensor. The camera motherboard 15 is also within the housing 11 and preferably contains a processor and memory. When the user is properly positioned the camera 18 takes an image of the user's eye which is transmitted to the processor. The memory contains a program for evaluating the quality of the image. If the image is in focus and meets other quality measures required to make a reliable iris identification of the user, the processor causes a green LED 19 to illuminate telling the user that an acceptable image has been obtained. Other indicators such as a tone generator or speaker could be used to notify the user. Indeed, in a present preferred embodiment we produce a click sound similar to that made by an old fashioned box camera to tell the user that an acceptable image has been obtained. If desired the memory may also contain a program which performs iris identification by comparing the image or a code extracted from the image to a file image or set of images of known users. Alternatively, the processor and memory unit which performs iris identification may be at a remote location. Indeed, we envision one embodiment of our device to be connected to a personal computer that would provide the processor and the memory required. That computer may transmit the image to a remote location for iris identification or contain the software to perform that function. For ease of illustration we have not shown the cables which would permit connection to a personal computer and which would provide power to the camera.
The holographic optical element provides the user instruction for positioning an eye within specific X, Y, and Z dimensions relative to the lens 16 and camera 18. As shown in FIG. 2, the holographic optical element is backlit by a blue LED 5. A light beam from that LED 5 is directed by mirror 6 through lenses 17 and infrared filter 7 onto the rear face 24 of the holographic optical element 14. The camera 18 positioned on an optical path that runs through the optically transparent portion of the holographic optical element 14. We prefer that the camera 18 be an infrared camera and that the holographic optical element 14 be transparent to infrared and opaque to visible light. When the user is positioned at the desired location by following the prompts from the holographic optical element he will be in the depth of field of camera 18. Then a well-focused image of the user's eye can be taken for use in iris identification.
The holographic optical element 14 shown in FIG. 3 has a hologram consisting of a cross 20 in the center of the visible front face 22 of the optical element and four arrows 21 spaced radially 90� apart. The cross is optically transparent to the camera and can be seen by a user who is at a desired location. The arrows are positioned so that they can only be seen when the user's eye is outside the desired location. More particularly, the user sees an arrow when the observer is more than �2.9 degrees away from the optical axis of the camera. For that reason the arrows 21 which have a triangular head and a triangular tail are shown in dotted line in FIG. 3. The holographic optical element 14 preferably is a photopolymer material within a frame. Each arrow is layered into the cross intentionally in order to minimize or eliminate the arrow being seen by one eye (e. g. left eye) while the other (the right eye) sees the cross. The cross is "burned" in the holographic optical element to be dominant when both the cross and any arrow are observed together.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that lens 16 could be an auto-focus lens that is controlled by the processor. A similar effect could be obtained by placing camera 18 on a moveable platform which allows the camera 18 to be movable along the optical path to lens 16. Another alternative is to enable both lens 16 and camera 18 to be moveable along the optical path.
If desired a second camera 10 can be provided within the housing 11 which is used for purposes other than identification of the user. For example, the camera could be a wide field of view camera with a wide filed of view lens 12 that is used for teleconferencing. The second camera may be a security camera such as the security camera in an automated teller machine into which our alignment and imaging device has been incorporated.
The use of the holographic optical element can be better understood from FIGS. 4 through 8. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the camera 14 has an optical axis 30 which is reflected by mirror 6 and passes through the holographic optical element 14 and lens 16. When the user's eye is positioned on the optical axis 30, the user can see the holographic optical element 14 as indicated by sight lines 34. When the eye is on the optical axis 30, the user will see only a cross on the holographic optical element as shown in FIG. 6. When the user positions his eye sufficiently away from the optical axis 30 in a plus direction, indicated by eye 32 a shown in dotted line in FIG. 5, the holographic optical element will appear as in FIG. 7. The user will see an arrow 21 pointing in a negative direction which tells the user to move his head in that direction. Should the user position his eye sufficiently far away from the optical axis 30 in negative direction, indicated by eye 32 b shown in chain line in FIG. 5, the holographic optical element will appear as in FIG. 8. The user will see an arrow 21 pointing in a positive direction which tells the user to move his head in that direction. The region in which the eye may be positioned to see only the cross 20 without any arrows will be within sight lines 36 and 37 shown in FIG. 5. Those sight lines are at an angle A. In a present preferred embodiment angle A is �2.9 degrees from the optical axis 30 of the camera 18. There will be a region further from the optical axis than are eye positions 32 a and 32 b where the user will not see the face of the holographic optical element. Although the drawings illustrate movement along the y-axis, a similar result would occur during movement in along the x-axis. However, in that instance the arrows would appear at the three or nine o'clock position rather than the twelve or six o'clock position. Thus, the arrows tell the user to move your head left, right, up or down.
Positioning in the Z-axis is accomplished by the user moving his head toward or away from the camera. The user is instructed to move his head to a position within a selected distance of the lens 16. As the movement occurs the camera takes images that are sent to a processor having a memory for quality checking. The processor evaluates the quality of images being taken by the camera. When an acceptable image has been taken a green LED 19 may illuminate or an audible camera click will sound telling the user that an acceptable image has been found. In an alternative embodiment a range finder 28, shown in chain line in FIG. 2, is connected to the processor which directs a camera which has an adjustable lens. The user is told to position himself in front of the camera so that he sees a cross and does not see an arrow on the holographic optical element and to hold still and await a signal. The processor directs the camera to adjust its lens so that the focal point of the camera will correspond to a distance at which the user is from the camera. Then the camera takes an image which is processed as previously described. The user is notified by a sound or LED when an acceptable image has been obtained. In a present preferred embodiment an acceptable image capture zone is eighteen to twenty inches in front of the camera. In any embodiment the processor may direct the camera to shut off after an acceptable image has been obtained.
Although we prefer to use arrows as indicia on the holographic optical element, other kinds of indicia could be used. For example, one could provide colored dots 26, shown in chain line in FIG. 3, at selected locations on the face of the holographic optical element 14. If the dot appears in one color, say green, that could indicate to the user to move his head toward that dot. Should another color such as red appear that would tell the user to move or not to move in that direction. Another option is to use geometric shapes as indicia. One such shape 27 may be an octagon, the shape used for stop signs, to indicate that the user should not move in the direction where the user sees the stop sign.
It may also be possible to provide a holographic optical element which gives the user direction as to movement along the z axis. For example, one could provide a dot pattern that appears as a single color, such as green, when viewed from a distance beyond the desired location. However, when the user is at the desired location the user will see distinct yellow and blue dots. Similarly, the holograph may appear to have one shape when viewed from beyond the desired location and a different shape when viewed from a desired location.
In another present preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 our alignment and imaging device is in a generally ellipsoidal housing 40 on a base 43 that also contains a teleconference camera. We prefer to place our alignment and imaging device having object lens 16 at the top portion of the housing. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, we also prefer to provide light sources 8 for illuminating the subject. A wide field of view camera used for teleconferencing is behind door 41 and has a focus adjustment wheel 42. As in the first embodiment another camera (not shown) is within the housing 40 along an optical path through lens 16 and the holographic optical element is behind that lens. The structure of the alignment and imaging device in the embodiment of FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 is substantially similar to that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
While we prefer to use a holographic optical element as the indicator that tells the user when he is at a desired location, other indicators that perform the same function could be used. For example, non-holographic images or symbols could be oriented to be seen when the user is at a desired location but be obscured when the user is outside the desired location. Another alternative is to provide audible signals to the user.
Although we believe our alignment system is particularly useful for positioning a subject for iris identification, our system is not limited to that use. It could be incorporated in devices for examining the eye as might be done by an ophthalmologist. It could also be used in medical applications where the individual is required to position his head at a desired location
The alignment apparatus of the present invention may be mounted in other ways to maximize ease of use for the subject. For example, the device could be mounted on top of a computer monitor. The device might also be mounted on a keyboard, a door, a wall, or any other convenient location. Other configurations of the lens, camera, light source, and holographic optical element in addition to those shown in the drawings could be used. Furthermore, the holographic optical element could have more or less than four arrows. It is not even strictly necessary that the major elements of the present invention be in the same plane or that the camera be in the same housing as the light source and holographic optical element.
Although we have shown certain present preferred embodiments of our invention, it should be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but may be variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 3, 2000
Owner name: SENSAR, INC., NEW JERSEY
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|Jul 15, 2004
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FLAT ROCK — James "Jim" Frederick Arnold, 78, of Flat Rock, died Wednesday, Jan. 5, 2011, at Sunnybrook Assisted Living in Hendersonville.
A native of Detroit, Mich., he was a son of the late Raymond Arnold and Iola Boyce Arnold. He was a prior resident of Royal Oak, Mich., Northville, Mich., Grand Blanc, Mich., Orchard Lake, Mich., Centerville, Ohio and St. Louis, Mo., before moving to Henderson County 20 years ago.
He received his bachelor's degree in industrial management form Lawrence Technological University in Southfield, Mich. He was employed by and retired from General Motors in Quality Control Management. Following his retirement, he worked for Lear Corporation. He served in the Coast Guard as a radio operator. He was a member of St. John in the Wilderness, where he was very active, and the Garden Railroad Club. He loved fishing and gardening, was a talented stained glass artist, and enjoyed hiking with his dog at the Carl Sandburg House National Historic Site.
Survivors include his loving wife of 52 years, Kay S. Arnold; one daughter, Kendra Arnold and her husband, Dave Kormann, of Morristown, N.J.; two sons, Jon Arnold of Hendersonville and Kent Arnold and his wife, Susan, of Cincinnati, Ohio; one sister, Judy St. Clair and her husband, Ed, of Michigan; two brothers, Tom Arnold and his wife, Mary, of Michigan, Bill Arnold and his wife, Vicky, of Illinois; two grandchildren, Grayson James Arnold and Courtney Claire Arnold; and was the favorite uncle to many nieces and nephews. He was blessed with many close friends.
A memorial service will be held at 11 a.m. Saturday, Jan. 22, at St. John in the Wilderness with Father John Morton officiating. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to, St. John in the Wilderness, 1905 Greenville Highway, Flat Rock, NC 28731; Pardee Pavilion Adult Day Care, 114 College Drive, Flat Rock, NC 28731; or to Four-Seasons Compassion for Life, 571 S. Allen Road, Flat Rock, NC 28731. An online register book is available for family and friends by visiting www.thosshepherd.com.
Thos. Shepherd & Son Funeral Directors and Cremation Memorial Center is in charge of the arrangements.
James F. Arnold, 78
FLAT ROCK — James "Jim" Frederick Arnold, 78, of Flat Rock, died Wednesday, Jan. 5, 2011, at Sunnybrook Assisted Living in Hendersonville.


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CORINE Soil erosion risk and important land resources - in the southern regions of the European Community
- soil_erosion.pdf [5.7 MB]
For references, please go to www.eea.europa.eu/soer or scan the QR code.
This briefing is part of the EEA's report The European Environment - State and Outlook 2015. The EEA is an official agency of the EU, tasked with providing information on Europe's environment.
PDF generated on 27 Oct 2016, 10:51 AM


text:
East Texas Army Couple Victimized By Brazen Meth Freaks
Faylisa Bailey: Free rent was not enough.
Just before 10 a.m. yesterday, Army wife Holly Burbank got a shocking phone call. No, thankfully, it had nothing to do with her husband Sam -- he is now safely back in Texas after a tour of duty in Iraq.
According to the Montgomery County Police Reporter, this call came from one of her relatives in Liberty County, where the couple live in peacetime, in a little house just south of Cleveland.
Seems this relative was driving down the road and noticed that all of the Burbanks' belongings -- clothes, furniture, even their photo albums -- had been trundled out to the front yard, which was full of strangers looking for bargains.
Yep, there was an unauthorized yard sale going on.
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It seems the two squatters living there -- parolees Johnny Wayne Bell, 47, and Faylisa Danielle Bailey, 30 -- had decided to do a little redecorating, and the rightful owners' stuff was in the way. So they just decided to take it outside and sell it to passersby on Country Road North 328.
Or maybe they just wanted some more money for meth...
At any rate, the relative slammed on the brakes and confronted the couple, and after what was described as "a verbal altercation," drove off and called Burbank, who in turn called Liberty County police.
Several units from the Liberty County Sheriff's Office responded to the scene. While searching the home, they found hypodermic needles and what was described as a "sizable" quantity of crystal meth. After sending Bailey and Bell to jail, the deputies called out the Cleveland Fire Department, who, amid driving rain, helped the cops haul the Burbanks' soggy belongings back inside.
Bailey has a long arrest record, including multiple counts of theft, credit card fraud and forgery. She also has apparently lost custody of her two children.
"Im missing so much of my kids life," she posted on Facebook beneath a picture of the two last August. "im ready to have my family back together."
This is not the way to go about it, Faylisa.
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English, PDF, 523kb
Denmark was hit harder by the global financial crisis than its neighbouring countries and the OECD area, but is now slowly recovering. In the first quarter of 2016, the employment rate was still 4.8 percentage points lower than before the GFC with only minor improvement since 2013.
Encouraging more people to continue to work later in life would help Denmark meet the challenges of its rapidly ageing population. The ratio of the population aged 65 and over to the working-age population is projected to increase from 30% in 2012 to 43% in 2050, according to a new OECD report.
Given the ageing challenges, there is an increasing pressure in OECD countries to promote longer working lives. This report provides an overview of policy initiatives implemented in Denmark over the past decade. Even if these recent reforms are well in line with the recommendations of the 2005 OECD report Ageing and Employment Policies: Denmark, the focus has been put mainly on the supply side. The aim of this new report is to identify what more could be done to promote longer working lives. As a first step, the government should assess closely the implementation process to ensure that the expected outcomes of the reforms are achieved. More broadly, the strategy should act simultaneously in three areas by: i) strengthening incentives to carry on working; ii) tackling employment barriers on the side of employers; and iii) improving the employability of older workers.
Surveys suggest that Denmark ranks close to or slightly above the OECD average in terms of student and adult skills, even though Denmark spends more than many OECD countries on education, labour market policies and adult learning. Sluggish productivity growth over the past two decades raises the question of how to develop better skills and use them more efficiently to achieve stronger and more inclusive growth.
Two rounds of the Survey of Adult Skills are under way: Round 1 (2008-13) with 24 participating countries, whose results were released in October 2013, and Round 2 (2012-16) with 9 participating countries, whose results will be released in 2016. A third round is scheduled to begin in May 2014.
Tackling mental ill-health of the working-age population is becoming a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries. OECD governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental ill-health in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market back to it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on Denmark is the third in a series of reports looking at how the broader education, health, social and labour market policy challenges identified in Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work (OECD, 2012) are being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It concludes that the Danish system has a number of strengths that have yet to be used in a more effective way, but also that quite a few changes are needed in order to raise the labour market particiption of people with mental ill-health.
Ongoing reforms of Denmark's disability benefits and flexjobs are promising, but a stronger focus on helping people with their mental health issues is needed for the reforms to contribute to a sustainable decline in the high rate of unemployment, according to a new OECD report. Past labour market reforms failed because underlying mental health problems of the jobless remained unaddressed.
This report presents, for the first time a local 'green growth' indicator framework. This indicator framework was developed from the OECD 'green growth' strategy at the national level, but modified to highlight issues of transition that are most relevant for local areas.
A few high-growth enterprises are responsible for the majority of local job creation
Human resources and skills are becoming increasingly important to economic development. In the context of the economic downturn, challenges such as high youth unemployment call for a collaborative and tailored approach.


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FSFE Raising Funds Through Cooking Show
Cooking shows are prime time on all TV networks, so the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) is cooking up its own special program: "Freedom Food."
The FSFE finances its work to promote free software from donations. For its final fund-raising spurt for 2009, the foundation set the ambitious goal of 100,000 euros for the last quarter. That gives them about six weeks to make up the 82,000 euros still left to raise since their last donations quote of 18,000 euros since October 1. As an incentive, the free software activists are presenting a special opportunity: as a reward, the largest single donor will have a cook-off with FSFE president Karsten Gerloff and other foundation members.
The FSFE sees their initiative as thoroughly adhering to the principle of free software in that it and cooking "are both about creativity, skill and enjoying yourself." Gerloff explains: "Recipes can be used for any purpose, including sharing them with others, and making your own improvements. In these respects cooking is just like Free Software -- you have the freedom to use, study, share and improve."
The cooking session should also provide opportunities for shop talk concerning such pressing issues as closed standards and large enterprise lobbying. FSFE sees interoperability in the European public sector under special attack. Presumably this refers to the recent formulation of the European Interoperability Framework (EIF) that is supposed to dilute significantly the interoperability definition that was set in 2004. Gerloff sees in the EIF yet another danger for authorities to backtrack on independence from specific vendors, and drafted a letter to the EU member states to suggest withdrawing the latest EIF revision (as OSOR news reports).
Apart from addressing such concerns, Gerloff sees his team as well armed from a culinary standpoint: "A lot of us at FSFE are passionate hobby chefs." The plan is to have at least two senior FSFE staff cook for up to four persons from the selected donor and then sit down with them for the meal. The FSFE website will publish the names of the three largest donors, with ongoing updates, along with the donation figures.
Issue 193/2016
Buy this issue as a PDF
Linux Voice Joins the Linux New Media Family
Linux Magazine will include the best of both magazines.
Critical Flaws Found in VeraCrypt
Popular open source encryption tool is vulnerable to attack
Ubuntu 16.10 Released
New "Yakkety Yak" edition emphasizes cloud and servers
Linus Announces Linux 4.8
Google Announces Its Own Pixel Phones
Google finally enters the phone hardware business.
Nextcloud Announces Raspberry Pi-Powered Home Cloud Box
Innovative system adds a hard drive and Ubuntu Core to the RPi for an IoT hub.
Linus Torvalds Confirms the Date of the First Linux Release
Linux is two weeks younger than we thought!
End of OpenOffice?
The Apache Software Foundation considers retiring OpenOffice
Adobe Gives New Life to NPAPI Plugin for Linux
Adobe won't kill the plugin in 2017
LinuxCon North America Convenes in Toronto, Canada
Linux Foundation's big event celebrates the 25th anniversary of Linux


text:
Stop the Runaway Conversation
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Product Description
- What is meant by an "evil report" and how do I recognize it?
- What if I just listen without comment. Isn't that O.K.?
- Can I learn to respond biblically to people who gossip and murmur?
Product Information
|Format: Paperback
Number of Pages: 224
Vendor: Baker Books
Publication Date: 2001
|Dimensions: 8.50 X 5.50 (inches)
Availability: In Stock
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Publisher's Description
Using real-life examples and biblical truth, Sedler shows that every one of us is prone to gossip and murmuring. He illustrates the damage done by these evil reports, both to those who speak and those who listen. But, he explains, we can learn not only to stop these defiling conversations, but to find cleansing and freedom from the pollution they bring. Stop the Runaway Conversation gives suggestions to parents, leaders, teachers, and spouses on how to build one another up by choosing life-giving words.
Author Bio
Michael Sedler (D.Min., Christian Life School of Theology) ministers in churches and provides consultation services to schools and businesses throughout the United States. Michael is the author of Stop the Runaway Conversation and When to Speak Up When to Shut Up and works as an adjunct professor for three universities. He and his wife, Joyce, live in Spokane, Washington.
Product Reviews
Kisti Huffman5 Stars Out Of 5December 3, 2009Kisti HuffmanThis is an excellent book on a rarely addressed problem. It covers much more than the damage gossip does; It delves into the harm of listening to gossip, evil reports, criticism and negativity. I highly recommend this book for the biblical examples and the practical application. Much more than just a "don't gossip!" sermon.
Linda Logue5 Stars Out Of 5February 18, 2002Linda LogueMany churches, families, and friends have been torn apart by gossip, and damaging evil reports.Lots of personal examples, as well as scriptural references. Can be used for groups and bible study also. Highly recommend!!
Ask Christianbook
Ask Christianbook
Author/Artist Review
Author: Michael Sedler
Located in: Spokane, WA
Submitted: February 28, 2002
Tell us a little about yourself. I am presently an assistant pastor. I was raised
in Arizona and was born into a Jewish home. I
became a born-again believer over 25 years ago.
I am married and have 3 sons. I have worked as a counselor, educator and business person over the years. In addition, I do consultations for school districts and teach educational classes through two Universities. I also teach for a Bible college, travelling around the country each month, teaching on gossip and criticism.
What was your motivation behind this project? This is a topic that impacts everyone. There is not a person alive, or even dead, who has not spoken negatively about others or had others speak negatively about them. I looked back over the years of counseling and teaching and realized that most broken relationships were caused by harsh words that developed into gossip. Let's be honest, how many churches have been split due to gossip? I would say the majority of church splits are due to gossip and criticism. As I checked around, I saw few books addressing this topic. Yet the Bible has hundreds of scriptures focusing on this very issue. I felt inspired to address this potentially "defensive" topic with love and compassion for all involved.
What do you hope folks will gain from this project? I desire for a restoration and reconciliation of relationships. When people write, call, or tell me of the way their lives have been changed due to this book, I am grateful to God for the opportunity to share my heart. This is a book of love, one that helps each reader to be more cautious about what they hear and what they say. I want churches to be free of gossip, businesses to be without backbiting and families joined together in unity.
Who are your influences, sources of inspiration or favorite authors / artists? Bill Gothard spoke about gossip in one of his seminars. I spoke with him on several occasions and wrote him a couple of letters. He was very encouraging and supportive of my venture on this topic. In addition, I find John Bevere to be one who speaks closely on this topic (The Bait of Satan).
Anything else you'd like readers / listeners to know: As you read this book, be open to holding up the mirror of God. I know my life has been changed by my being aware of my own patterns. I believe you too, will be inspired and positively convicted to be more careful of our words and listening habits.


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Overslade House is a large, purpose built nursing home located in a quiet residential area of Rugby. Along with a warm and friendly welcome, you will receive an exceptional level of 24 hour nursing care.
We offer nursing care for ladies and gentlemen with dementia on our specialised unit, along with a focussed approach to end of life care using the Gold Standard Framework.
Admissions can normally be arranged within 24 hours following assessment.
For more information on our beautiful home, feel free to give us a call or better still, come pay us a visit. We will be more than happy to assist you.
General Manager


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Medford's Downtown Flags
Since 2008, flags have been flying in Downtown Medford on Patriotic holidays, thanks to the efforts of several local community organizations, including the Medford Emblem Club & The Kiwanis Club of Medford.
Flags are displayed on the following days: Memorial Day(last Monday in May), Flag Day (June 14th), Independence Day (July 4th), WTC Memorial Day (Sept. 11th), Veterans Day (Nov. 11th), Flags are unfurled at 7:00am and retired at 5:00pm. We pick up the flags from storage the day before display. Equipment needed include ladders (4 at 10ft min.), at least two vehicles capable of transporting 8 ft flag poles.
The most desirable number of volunteers is 14, 4 teams of 3 and 2 drivers. We can usually have all the flags up within 30 minutes with a full complement of volunteers.
Please provide: Your name
Email address & phone #
How you would like to help


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Researching keywords
It is an essential one to research more on keywords in content which ultimately helps for improving the traffic. There are advanced tools available today for knowing the keywords of competitors in the markets to achieve desired outputs.
One should focus more on creating SEO content with best keywords for targeting customers both in local and domestic markets.
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Image tags play a key role in placing a website in top pages of a search engine. Therefore, it is necessary to create them with advanced applications for reaching visitors in quick turnaround time. Image seo done by http://zonaid.com/
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Back links play a crucial role in SEO process to generate more traffic to a website. At the same time, it is an imperative one to linking then properly for ensuring best results.
All the above 4 tips are extremely useful for those who want to make their websites a popular one among visitors. It is also wise one to consult with professionals before executing them for attaining top positions in search engines.


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Schenectady County Community College named State University of New York Board of Trustees Chairman Carl McCall as the keynote speaker for the school's commencement ceremony on May 22. McCall will deliver SCCC's commencement address for the Class of 2014 Thursday, May 22 at 3 p.m. at Proctors Theater in Schenectady. He has been chairman of the SUNY Board of Trustees since 2011. "Carl is the definition of an impassioned and dedicated public servant, and we ...
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All hotels in Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
1 room, 2 adults
3100 S Dirksen Pkwy, Springfield, IL, 62703, United States of America, 855-239-9477
Hilton Garden Inn Springfield - Springfield
Lowest price$93
available on 10/23/16
Looking for a central 3-star Springfield hotel? Check out Hilton Garden Inn Springfield located 3.1 mi (5 km) from University of Illinois at Springfield and 4.3 mi (7 km) from Lincoln Depot. Henson Robinson Zoo and Lincoln Home Visitor Centre are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Your hotel has a restaurant where you'll find good menu choices for breakfast and dinner. Relax in the indoor pool during your stay.
Your hotel has a restaurant where you'll find good menu choices for breakfast and dinner. Relax in the indoor pool during your stay.
Leisure facilities on offer include the fitness center and spa tub. Free WiFi is provided.
See all 377 Venere.com reviews
Great location
Delicious food
Awesome vibe
Wellness Area
Wellness & sports facilities could be improved
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4
From 627 reviews
Hilton Garden Inn Springfield - Springfield
Hotel Info: 855-239-9477from $93
- Two queen beds
- One King Bed, Non-Smoking, Accessible
- One king non smoking
- Suite, Accessible
- Room, Accessible
- Room, Accessible
- Room, Accessible
- One king accessible room
- One King Bed, Accessible
- Room, Accessible
- One king whirlpool
- One king evolution
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 117 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 4 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Free self parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Breakfast (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Room service (during limited hours)
Things to do
- Indoor pool
- Fitness facilities
- Spa tub
- Golfing nearby
Working away
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 8
- Conference space
- Conference space size (feet) - 6800
- Conference space size (meters) - 612
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
Home comforts
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
Sleep well
- Blackout drapes/curtains
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- 32-inch TV
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- MP3 docking station
Stay connected
- Desk
- Free weekday newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
Food and drink
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Special features
DiningGreat American Grill - This restaurant serves breakfast and dinner.
Hilton Garden Inn Springfield - Springfield's small print
Also known as
- Hilton Garden Inn Hotel Springfield
- Hilton Garden Inn Springfield
- Springfield Hilton Garden Inn
- Hilton Garden Inn Springfield Hotel Springfield
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
Deposit: USD 200 per stay
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for USD 25 per night
Breakfast is offered for an extra charge of USD 9.95 per person (approximately)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.