text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|14 Ene 1997
|Fecha de presentación
|7 Jun 1995
|Fecha de prioridad
|18 Jul 1994
|Número de publicación
|Robert L. Alig, Jason R. Guth, David J. Burton
|Cesionario original
|Applied Sciences, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (13), Citada por (55), Clasificaciones (11), Eventos legales (5)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of prior U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/276,434 filed Jul. 18, 1994, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to vapor grown carbon fibers having increased bulk density and to the method of increasing such bulk density.
Commercial carbon fibers hold great promise as a high-performance material for composites due to their high strength and high modulus. They are commonly made by elevating a precursor material such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or pitch in an inert atmosphere to a temperature around 1000° C. on continuous wind-up devices. They are generally continuous filaments and approximately 8 μm diameter.
However, this application is concerned with vapor grown carbon fibers that are a recent entry in the field of carbon fibers and have similar or even superior physical properties along with the potential for production at a lower cost. Vapor grown carbon fibers are produced directly from hydrocarbons such as methane in a gas phase reaction upon contact with a catalytic metal particle around 1000° C. in a non-oxidizing gas stream. U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,818 to Tibbetts et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,415 to Alig et al describe typical reaction processes and chambers. Vapor grown carbon fibers differ substantially from commercial carbon fiber in that the fibers are not continuous. The length is around 0.001 to 0.04 mm and the fibers exist as an entangled mass as shown in FIG. 1.
More importantly and pertinent to this application is that the fiber diameter of a vapor grown carbon fiber is generally under 1μ and 0.2μ is a common average. As those familiar with the growth of vapor grown carbon fibers know, these fibers can be subsequently thickened to the diameter of commercial fibers. However, this can be rather expensive and the resulting fibers are not as graphitic as the original filament graphitization ultimately characterizes the strength and modulus of the fiber. Thus, it is desirable to use fibers that are smaller than the diameter of a commercial fiber by a factor of 40. In terms of surface area, one gram of commercial fiber, which must be considered for coating and bonding to a plastic or rubber matrix, covers about 5.4 ft2, whereas the surface area of one gram of the entangled mass of vapor grown carbon fibers occupies about 108 ft2. In other words, 20 times as much coating must be applied to the vapor grown carbon fiber to achieve an equivalent coating thickness. In spite of this obstacle, this presents an opportunity for tremendous potential for rubber and plastic reinforcement.
Further, as these vapor grown carbon fibers are much finer than their continuously grown counterparts, the fibers exist upon leaving the reactor as an entangled mass that is very lightweight with a large apparent volume, from 5 to 50 ft3 /lb. In other words, the fibers are a lightweight, fluffy entangled mass. In this state, the fibers are very difficult to ship and handle. Such a light and fluffy material is almost impossible to incorporate into mixing equipment that typically processes rubber or plastic. The fly loss and incorporation time is tremendous. Due to a low surface tension, the fibers can not be easily wetted out or mixed into liquid applications without prior surface treatments. These problems represent a severe limitation on the use of vapor grown carbon fibers as they can not be readily dispersed into rubbers, plastics or the like. Thus, the development of methods by which the vapor grown carbon fibers are wet out and densified are key to the commercialization of these materials.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,489 to Hirao et al discloses a method for producing composite fibers for electrical conductive applications by combining vapor grown carbon fibers with solid resin particles and heating to form a molten polymer, extruding the mixture from a high speed centrifuge to form filaments, blowing hot gas onto the filaments to form a composite, and subsequently graphitizing by a further heat treatment. However, Hirao et al do not teach a high final bulk density nor do they teach the use of a latex liquid system to enhance adhesion in rubber or like materials. Further, Hirao et al require an additional heat treatment. This additional heat treatment drives off any remaining nitrogen or oxygen groups from the surface of the fibers. Nitrogen and oxygen groups on the surface of the fiber enhance adhesion of subsequent materials with which the fibers are blended.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,122 to Kitamura et al discloses a method for increasing the bulk density of carbon fibers. In Kitamura et al, carbon fibers are dipped in an inorganic or organic binder and then dried. The final bulk density of the fibers is from 0.2-0.8 g/cm3. However, Kitamura et al use carbon fibers from traditional PAN processes which are, in general, much thicker than vapor grown carbon fibers. Further, Kitamura does not blend the fibers and the product has a relatively low final bulk density.
Accordingly, there remains a need for increasing the bulk density of fine carbon fibers and pelletizing such fibers, particularly vapor grown carbon fibers, as well as increasing their adhesion in rubbers, plastics and like materials.
This need is met by the present invention whereby vapor grown carbon fibers with increased bulk density and a method for making the same is provided. The carbon fiber of the present invention is a vapor grown carbon fiber. Preferably, a latex film is deposited on the vapor grown carbon fibers. The latex film assists the fine carbon fibers into forming a more dense mass, such as pellets or the like, than is possible of the carbon fibers in an uncoated state. Latex polymers uniquely coalesces onto the surface of the fibers and the polymer type can be appropriately selected to provide improved adhesion between the carbon fibers and rubbers, plastics or any material in which the fibers are incorporated.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for increasing the bulk density of vapor grown carbon fibers comprising mixing a quantity of vapor grown carbon fibers having an average diameter of less than about 1 μm and an initial bulk density of less than about 0.2 lb/ft3 with an aqueous-based solution, stabilizing and blending the mixture to uniformly disperse the vapor grown carbon fibers in the solution and drying the mixture to form a mass of carbon fibers which has a final bulk density of at least about 3 lb/ft3, preferably of at least about 10 lb/ft3. The mass of carbon fibers can be in the form of cakes, pellets, or sheets. The vapor grown carbon fibers of the present invention preferably have a diameter in the range of about 0.02 μm to about 0.8 μm, and more preferably 0.2 μm. Preferably the initial bulk density is within the range of about 0.1 to about 0.02 lb/ft3.
Preferably, the aqueous-based solution is a latex-containing solution. The latex can be any latex compound either synthetic or preferably a natural rubber latex. Additionally, a surfactant can be added to aid in wetting-out or coating the carbon fibers and stabilizing the latex. Many surfactants may be employed. However, the surfactant is preferably a nonionic surfactant. Further, additional water may be added to the mixture of carbon fiber and latex to aid in blending. The blending is preferably conducted under high shear conditions. The high shear blending is preferably performed at a speed of at least about 10 m/sec. Since latex is basically a polymer suspension in water and sometimes blended in solvents, the high shear mixing in itself may cause the polymer suspension to settle out or gel into a solid mass. Consequently, the surfactant is added in an amount that assures that the latex can withstand the high shear mix and not settle out if it were to be mixed without the presence of carbon fiber. Thus, when the fibers, latex, surfactant, and water are mixed the latex polymer does not settle out as a separate entity in the mixture, but as a coating on the surface of the carbon fiber. Furthermore, the preferred unthickened, highly graphitic, vapor grown carbon fiber is of such a great magnitude of strength that it can withstand the high shear mix without pulverizing and thus losing its reinforcement capabilities.
In accordance with an additional aspect of the present invention, there is also provided the product of the above mentioned pelletizing process. The product is a carbon fiber/latex blend comprising vapor grown carbon fibers having a diameter of less than about 1 μm and an initial bulk density of less than about 0.2 lb/ft3 blended with a latex to form a mass of carbon fibers with latex polymer deposited on the surface and having a final bulk density fiber/latex blend of at least about 3 lb/ft3. Again, the blend can be in the form of pellets.
The carbon fibers are vapor grown carbon fibers. The average diameter of the carbon fibers is preferably in the range of about 0.02 μm to about 0.8 μm, and more preferably about 0.2 μm. The initial bulk density of the carbon fibers is preferably within the range of about 0.1 to about 0.02 lb/ft3 and the latex film is preferably a natural rubber latex.
The pelletized carbon fiber/latex blend of the present invention may be incorporated or blended into any product in which carbon fiber reinforcement is desired, such as, for example, rubbers, plastics and car body panels. Particularly, the pelletized carbon fiber/latex blend of the present invention is useful as a reinforcing material in rubber tires.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide carbon fiber/latex blend comprising a vapor grown carbon fiber blended with a latex. It is further an object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing the bulk density of vapor grown carbon fibers by blending the carbon fibers with an aqueous-based solution and drying to form a mass of carbon fibers. These, and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of vapor grown carbon fibers of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of a pelletized carbon fiber/latex blend according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of stress/strain evaluation of carbon black in rubber.
FIG. 4 is a graph of stress/strain evaluation of the latex coated carbon fiber according to the present invention in rubber.
The method of the present invention relates to the conversion of vapor grown carbon fibers into a form that can be readily employed in commercial applications. Vapor grown carbon fibers generally exist as an entangled mass as shown in FIG. 1. Such vapor grown carbon fibers have a large apparent volume, large surface area, and a low surface tension. As a result, the fibers are too fluffy to handle, difficult to mix, and do not "wet-out" easily with polymers. The fibers actually tend to repel liquids rather than be wetted out. This severely limits the commercial application of such carbon fibers in liquid based processes such as those employing rubber, plastic or the like.
Thus, in order to be successfully employed in many commercial applications, the surface tension must be raised and apparent volume of these vapor grown carbon fibers must be reduced. This is achieved by the method of the present invention whereby vapor grown carbon fibers are mixed with an aqueous-based solution, blended and dried. The bulk density of the carbon fibers is increased, thereby reducing the apparent volume, creating denser masses of carbon fibers which may be in the form of pellets. As the pellets are not formally shaped before drying they may assume many different shapes and sizes. Furthermore, by "pellets" in the present application, it is intended to mean dense individual masses not necessarily of uniform shape or size.
The vapor grown carbon fibers of the present invention should be a graphitic carbon fiber. The graphitic carbon fibers used in the present invention are ones having an average diameter of below about 1 μm, preferably one having a diameter in the range of about 0.02 μm to about 0.8 μm, and more preferably about 0.2 μm. Additionally, the vapor grown carbon fibers of the present invention should have a bulk density (the inverse of specific volume) of below about 0.2 lb/ft3, preferably in the range of about 0.1 to about 0.02 lb/ft3. The graphitic fibers provide the capability of superior reinforcement as compared to commercial carbon black and the resulting tremendous surface area of the smaller diameter provides the potential for better bonding between the polymer and the fiber.
Vapor grown carbon fibers are produced by a vapor deposition process. One such particularly suitable process for producing vapor grown carbon fibers for use in the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,415 to Alig et al the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. Metallic particles, such as from iron pentacarbonyl, are placed in a vapor chamber and catalyze the growth of long, slender graphitic filaments when exposed to a hydrocarbon gas such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in a temperature greater than about 1000° C. with an intermittent oxygen in air purge to remove the carbon fiber in the reactor.
The vapor grown carbon fibers of the present invention are employed in the blending process as produced. The use of ammonia and an air purge as in the preferred method of manufacture for the carbon fiber provides a surface treatment for the vapor grown carbon fiber. The use of air at the high temperatures within the reaction chamber develops an oxidative treatment on the vapor grown carbon fiber surface produced. However, as the air purge is intermittent, the oxidative treatment is not excessive to the point where etching or pitting of the carbon fiber surface occurs to any substantial amount. On the other hand, the use of an ammonia gas in the reactor deposits active nitrogen groups on the carbon fiber surface. Preferably, about 4% nitrogen groups are deposited on the fiber surface.
Hydrogen sulfide may be needed for the abundant fiber formation and as it enhances the fiber growth from the iron catalyst and remains with the fiber. Thus, for abundant fiber formation, hydrogen sulfide addition is preferred. The ammonia, air, and sulfur used in the reaction during formation provides sites on the fiber and can be adjusted and tailored depending upon the desired end use.
Thus, the carbon fibers produced according to the preferred method of manufacture disclosed above, includes oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen groups on the fiber surface. While not wishing to be bound by any one theory of operation of the present invention, it is believed that the nitrogen and oxygen groups on the fiber surface enhance the fiber surface's ability to wet-out and/or form bonds with other materials, while the sulfur can be a part of the vulcanization of rubber. Accordingly, the deposition or coating of latex on the carbon fiber surface is enhanced by the activated fiber surface.
An additional heat treatment step at higher temperatures and/or additional thickening for longer times is not required. That is, the preferred vapor grown carbon fiber of the present invention has not been subjected to a thickening process or subsequent heat treatment for higher graphitization.
The dense mass of carbon fiber of the present invention is produced by mixing carbon fibers with an aqueous-based solution and blending until the carbon fibers are completely wetted-out in the solution. The aqueous-based solution may be water but may be other aqueous-based solutions, such as latex. The latex of the present invention can be any latex material. Preferably, the latex to be used is a natural rubber latex solution. However, synthetic latex solutions are also within the scope of the invention. Preferably, the vapor grown carbon fibers are mixed with the latex solution in such a quantity to provide from about 1% to about 50% by weight of a latex coating on the carbon fibers. More preferably, from about 1% to about 25% by weight of a latex coating is provided on the carbon fibers and most preferably from about 3% to 7% by weight.
A surfactant or wetting agent may also be added to the mixture. A surfactant or wetting agent functions to raise the surface tension and in addition stabilizes and is capable of maintaining the latex polymer in suspension while withstanding the shear of mixing. The intent is for the latex polymer to coalesce on the surface of the carbon fiber and not separate. The surfactant may be any compound suitable for the purpose of aiding wetability and maintaining the latex suspension. Preferably, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
Once the carbon fibers and aqueous-based solution are combined, the mixture is blended in order to disperse the carbon fibers in the solution. The mixture is blended until the carbon fibers have been substantially wetted-out in the solution. If a latex solution is employed, the carbon fibers are wetted-out or coated by the latex solution. Before processing, latex exists as an emulsion of natural or synthetic rubber compounds in an aqueous solution. During high shear mixing, upon addition of the fibers the latex goes out of solution, i.e. gels or coagulates, thereby coating the carbon fibers with a thin film of latex. Additional water may be added either before or during blending to aid in the blending of the carbon fiber.
The blending must be sufficiently fast enough such that the carbon fibers are wetted-out in the aqueous-based solution. The blending causes the preferred latex to evenly disperse and coalesce or deposit on the surface of the carbon fibers. Thus, a high shear or high speed blending is preferred in the present invention. By high shear or high speed it is intended to be for the purposes of this invention, a blending process that rotates at approximately 5 m/s or above. The rotation is preferably above 10 m/s, more preferably above approximately 40 m/s, and most preferably approximately 100 m/s. The mixture is blended for a period of time sufficient to wet-out or coat the carbon fibers with the aqueous-based solution. Thus, the approximate blending time will depend on the amount of added carbon fibers and the size of the blending apparatus.
For an economically feasible process, it is generally desirable to filter the mixture through a filter such as a screen or fiber glass cloth and drying the remaining cake while the liquid is discarded. For a quality control check on the latex stability, a sample of the liquid can be weighed, dried, and re-weighed to assure that the latex polymer has coalesced on the fiber and not in the discard liquid. For end uses such as sheet molded automotive body panel applications or where subsequent chemical vapor deposition is desired, the wet cake can be spread or drawn out by a knife blade process into thin paper-like sheets, gravity or vacuum filtered, and then dried. For most applications, the caked mass can be dried and used or broken into pellets for easier handling.
In the process of forming the fiber in the reactor, there are times when it is known that undesirable soot, ash, etc. are present with the fiber. In this situation the surfactant level can be adjusted upward while mixing or excess water can be flushed through the cake and the undesirables will separate from the cake during filtration, thus purifying the fiber and latex polymer for drying and pelletization.
After blending for a sufficient length of time, the carbon fibers are dried. The drying process may be conducted by decanting, filtering, or any heating procedure suitable for the purpose. However, if the drying process chosen is one involving an elevated temperature, the temperature should be kept below approximately 60° C. with high air flow, but could go to approximately 105° C. for short periods of time. This temperature is low in order to preserve the vulcanization capability of the natural rubber or polyisoprene coating. Other rubber or plastic polymer structures could withstand higher temperatures as appropriate.
Upon drying, the carbon fibers form relatively small, dense masses, such as beads, chips or pellets. Pellets are particularly desirable for shipment and for ease of incorporation into processing equipment. For some end uses such as where high thermal or electrical conductivity is the goal, it is desirable to form a densified thin sheet or pelletized product with no latex sizing whatsoever. In this case, the process can be carried out exactly as described except without any latex and the pellets will have a density in the 1-10 lb/ft3 range and still be adequate for incorporation into processing equipment. These pellets should have a final bulk density of at least about 3 lb/ft3. Preferably, the pellets of carbon fiber will have a final bulk density of at least about 10 lb/ft3. This represents a bulk density increase from untreated carbon fibers to carbon fiber/latex blend of at least about 30 times and more preferably of at least about 500 times.
The mass of vapor grown carbon fibers of the present invention is ideally suited for incorporation as a reinforcing agent into material such as rubber, plastic and the like. The blend enhances the carbon fibers ability to be incorporated into liquid systems by reducing the apparent volume of the fiber and increasing the surface tension. Further, the preferred latex coating on the fibers enhance the carbon fibers ability to adhere to the rubber or plastic compounds into which they are blended.
Additionally, due to the high degree of graphitization of the vapor grown carbon fibers, the blending procedure of the present invention, contrary to reason, does not break or shatter the carbon fibers. While a high shear blending would be expected to break or shatter fine diameter fibers, this is not the case in the present invention. Rather, the fibers length integrity is maintained. Maintaining length integrity of the fibers is particularly important when the fibers are to be employed as reinforcing materials. In order to gain maximum benefit of strength and modulus, the fibers length must remain intact. The carbon fibers of the present invention can be seen in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of a mass latex coated carbon fiber of the present invention. As can be seen, the latex coated carbon fibers have maintained their length integrity, even after blending, from pre-processed carbon fiber depicted in FIG. 1.
The method of the present invention will now be illustrated by reference to an example. The method is not intended to be limited to the specific, exemplary materials below, but, rather, may be practiced generally by the principles espoused below.
10.5 grams of vapor grown carbon fibers having an average diameter of approximately 0.2 μm and initial bulk density 0.044 lb/ft3 was mixed with 0.91 grams of a natural rubber latex solution having a rubber content of 61%, 0.5 grams of a nonionic surfactant, T-DET (n 9.5) from Harcos Chemical, Inc. and 400 milliliters of water. The mixture was blended in a high shear blender for 10 minutes at 12 m/sec. During blending, the latex gelled from solution onto the fibers. Upon drying, the mixture forms a mass of carbon fibers with latex polymer deposited on the surface in pelletized form. The final bulk density was approximately 11.2 lb/ft3. This represents an increase in bulk density of untreated carbon fiber to latex coated carbon fiber by a factor of 250.
26.4 gallons of water were combined with 0.22 lb of nonionic surfactant, T-DET (N-9.5) and 0.4 lb of low ammonia natural rubber latex with a 61% dry rubber content in a 55 gallon drum, the mixture had a gray-white opaque color. The mixture was briefly stirred at low speed on a Cowles Dissolver type mixer using a standard 6 inch circular blade with knife-sharp protruding tips on the circumference--designed for high shear dispersion and pumping action. 4.65 lb of vapor grown carbon fibers were gradually added; then mixed for 15 minutes at 5000 rpm (40 m/sec) until a thorough mix was obvious. The mixture was decanted, vacuum filtered, and dried in high air flow around 60° C. The decanted filtrate was a clear liquid that upon drying deposited no residual polymer. The resulting chips had a density of 20 lb/ft3.
The treatments on the vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) during processing make subsequent successful polymer bonding feasible at a minimum cost. A windshield wiper blade formulation of natural rubber containing 28% by wt. of commercial type "N650" carbon black is compared with identical loadings of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) with processing conditions altered as follows:
Sulfur is needed in the process and was constant in each VCGF trial. All four formulations were tested by pulling the rubber sample to rupture. The stress is monitored while sample is elongated (strain) and the Youngs modulus is the stress/strain ratio during the early linear period of the sample undergoing stretch. The data shows that there is a dramatic modulus increase effected by injecting ammonia and subsequently air into the reaction that is superior to commercial carbon black. Although the fiber surface is enhanced for wet-out and/or bond formation during processing, the fiber for these trials was very difficult to mix due to the tremendous apparent volume/lb (10 to 50 ft3 /lb) and cannot be easily handled on a commercial basis.
VGCF was produced with air and ammonia and pelletized to the 10 lb/ft3 range with a 5% dry rubber by weight of natural rubber latex to enhance the bonding capability. The sample was evaluated at one-third the loading level of a typical carbon black (A.S.T.M. designation: N 299 GPT black) and still attained a modulus 2.5 times greater than that of the carbon black at a 70% extension as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Thus, through a combination of fiber surface treatment during production, latex sizing application, and pelletization it is possible to achieve a stiffening in rubber that is superior to the capability of carbon black.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for purposes of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|524/496, 523/204, 423/448, 524/495, 523/205
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
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|7 Ago 1995
Owner name: APPLIED SCIENCES, INC., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ALIG, ROBERT L.;GUTH, JASON R.;BURTON, DAVID J.;REEL/FRAME:007580/0889
Effective date: 19950612
|13 Jul 2000
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|14 Jul 2004
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The Ultimate Craft Guide: 25 Free Craft Projects for Every Crafter
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Thanks a Bunch Card
By: Lisa Johnson for Uchida of America, Corp.
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
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Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Say Thank You in style with this colorful homemade card from Uchida of America in Caribbean blue.
- Marvy® Matchables Ink (Black, Yellow Green, Caribbean Blue)
- Clever Lever Flower Punch (Super Jumbo and Mega) by Marvy
- Paper Trimming Buddy with Straight blade by Marvy
- Mini Glue tape by Marvy
- Flower Garden and Flower Garden Sentiments Clear stamp sets by Papertrey Ink
- Black, White, yellow green and aqua colored cardstock
- Black ribbon
- Black brads
- Foam mount squares
- Squishy Scissors
1. Trim the black cardstock to create a 4 ¼" x 5 ½" card base.
2. Create two panels, one in the aqua and one in the green. Stamp the swirl stem image onto the green with the Yellow Green Ink. Stamp the small flower onto the Aqua with the Caribbean Blue Ink. Adhere to the card.
3. Stamp the swirl stem image in black as shown. Attach the black brads and ribbon.
4. Stamp the "Bunch" circle image onto the white cardstock with the Caribbean Blue Ink. Stamp the "Thanks a" as shown onto the bunch image with black ink.
5. Punch out stamped image with the Super Jumbo Flower punch. Layer with foam mount squares onto a Mega Flower punched out of black cardstock.
6. Stamp the long leaf image in Yellow Green Ink onto white cardstock and trim.
7. Mount the leaves and the finished flower onto the card as shown to finish.
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subset: commoncrawl


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NEW HAVEN — Vermont State Police Lt. Michael Manley has stepped down from his position with the VSP's Tactical Services Unit to spend more time with his family.
Manley will continue to serve as commander of the VSP barracks in New Haven, which is home base to the state police contingent that serves Addison County.
The full text of this article is only available to online subscribers.
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ADDISON COUNTY — Middlebury police officers will soon be trained to administer Narcan to people they might encounter who are overdosing on opioids. Vergennes police are looking for resources to implement the same kind of program.
Emergency responders have successfully used Narcan to bring back, in some cases from the brink of death, folks suffering from the effects of a drug overdose.
SALISBURY — Salisbury residents on Tuesday voted 92 to 61 against repealing a new firearms ordinance intended to promote safety in the most populous parts of town.
The new law, unanimously endorsed by the Salisbury selectboard back on April 26 — prohibits "the firing or discharge of a firearm … within a safety zone of 200 feet from any residence, building or camper in the High Density Residential/Village Center (HDR district), or the Lakeshore District Areas."
MIDDLEBURY — Former Democratic state Sen. Peter Galbraith of Townsend is perhaps best known for the role he played as a diplomat on the international stage during much of the 1990s. As the U.S. Ambassador to Croatia, Galbraith helped negotiate an end to the Slavic nation's war for independence.
Though he still likes to globetrot, Galbraith, 65, wants to use his networking skills closer to home, as governor of the state of Vermont.
LINCOLN — More than 50 people turned out at the Lincoln Community School on Monday to react to a new report detailing how the Addison Northeast Supervisory Union could switch to a new governance structure in which one board would govern all ANeSU schools under a single K-12 budget.
After almost two hours of discussion, participants left members of the ANeSU Act 46 Study Committee that crafted that plan with a lot of questions to answer during the months leading up to a scheduled Nov. 8 referendum on the unification proposal.
SALISBURY — A new law endorsed by the Salisbury selectboard that aims to reduce the odds of accidental shootings in town has backfired in the opinion of some local residents.
They are seeking to repeal the ordinance through a townwide vote on Tuesday, July 19, because they believe the measure might restrict hunting within the community and perhaps even affect their right to own guns.
MIDDLEBURY — Receiving a property tax bill is never fun. But Middlebury residents who opened their fiscal year 2017 property tax bills last week found reason to smile a little bit, upon learning they will be paying a little less than they did last year.
Thanks to some slightly larger-than-expected growth in the town's grand list and some tight school budgets, residential property taxpayers will be assessed at a rate of $2.786 per $100 in property value, representing a 3.9-cent decrease from last year's rate of $2.8251.
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury selectboard on July 12 agreed to support the planning commission's quest for a grant to help create a master plan for downtown Middlebury. It's a document that supporters believe would lead to more careful and structured growth in an area of the community that has seen a lot of change recently, and is being sized up for more.
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury selectboard on Tuesday, July 26, will open the time capsule recently found in the old municipal gym. And the ceremony at 6:30 p.m. in the new municipal building might include a person who was present when the mystery box was first secreted in the southeast cornerstone of the gym back in 1939.
The latest in Addison County news, every Monday and Thursday.
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Copyright 2011 Addison Independent | 58 Maple Street, Middlebury, Vt. 05753 | All Rights Reserved
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The cake was French Vanilla, with a baileys filling, and whipped cream frosting. The decor is a light blue ribbon around the bottom with double beading along the top, and finished off with silk flowers and frosting hearts. I can't take all the...
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##The Tolmount is a classic quarter zip pullover golf design. Designed in 100% merino, ensuring ultimate comfort on the course, while also containing a Teflon® coating which repels any water which hits the fabric. Classic and insulating, it's all about regulating your body temperature in order to look and feel your best during the game.##Teflon® coated, ethically sourced merino wool##Temperature regulating yarn ##Signature Lyle & Scott logo to chest##Woven side tab to left seam##Branded zip pull to centre front##((11//Merino Wool//Superior, fine, soft wool will provide year-round comfort and protection++14//Mulesing Free Wool//Wool is grown in a way to help protect the animal from disease and harm++22//Teflon Coated//Teflon coating is applied to the fabric to enhance waterproofing and breathability++23//Temperature Regulation//Made to absorb moisture quickly and release body heat to ensure the optimum body temperature++16//Naturally Antimicrobial//Contains anti-bacterial properties that reduce a build-up of odour))
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Thank you so much for visiting my website. If you find yourself here because of current mental health struggles or because you're looking to improve your health, you're in the right place! I know firsthand how difficult it can be to admit you could use some help or support during tough times — and looking into therapists is a big first step. Therapy can be a great way to connect with another person, to make sense out of what's happened in the past or what's going on now, and to get support in creating the meaningful and vibrant life you deserve. It is my hope to be a guide for you, to help you reach your goals, and to empower you to make the best choices for YOU in all things related to your health and happiness.
I hope you get a feel for what it's like to work with me by exploring this site. If you have any questions or would like to schedule a complimentary consult session, please don't hesitate to get in touch!


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By MATT JOYCE
Associated Press Writer
ETHETE, Wyo.(AP) — The gym is adorned with championship banners,
expectations are high, and the players gasp and burn their way
through sprints during the first days of basketball practice at
Wyoming Indian High School.
The afternoon is growing late and the sun casts long shadows
across the snowcapped Wind River mountains. Inside the brick
gym, the Chiefs – winners of the 2A state championship in March
- run more drills, more sprints. Theirs is an up-tempo,
run-and-gun game, and stamina is critical to their chances for a
Basketball is king on the Wind River Indian Reservation – a
3,440-square-mile expanse of mountains, valleys and rivers
that's home to the Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone tribes.
And the Chiefs, who have built one of Wyoming's most successful
high school basketball teams, are the pride of a community beset
by poverty, alcoholism and related social ills.
Hundreds of raucous Wyoming Indian fans made the 130-mile drive
to Casper to see the 155-student school take its seventh state
title. At the final buzzer, the players, some of them with their
hair in long pony tails, were mobbed by friends and family,
young and old, seeking autographs and pictures.
The community celebrated the championship with a potluck dinner
at the high school gym, said head coach Craig Ferris. They
watched a video of the title game, and the players donned war
bonnets and were honored with a victory dance.
"As Native Americans, we're very, very family oriented and
community oriented, and I think (basketball) is just another
reason for the community to come together," Ferris said. "Kids
see the players that play now and they want to be a part of it.
It gives the community something to cheer about, something to
rally around."
Ferris, 32, who won a state championship as a player with
Wyoming Indian in 1995, said his first championship as a coach
brought relief, along with pressure to win another one.
"That's the thing about our fans – they're never satisfied,"
Ferris said. "Last year we were 29-1 and we got in trouble for
losing that one."
Many of Wyoming Indian's players come from families whose names
echo in basketball lore around the reservation. Their relatives
are emblazoned in the school's 56-foot-long trophy case.
"The whole atmosphere around here – it's basketball first," said
Caleb Her Many Horses, a senior on this year's team. "I always
wanted to be a part of a state championship and be a Chief."
"It's pretty much the only thing to do on the reservation, play
basketball," said Slade Spoonhunter, a 17-year-old senior and
returning starter from last year's team.
Success tends to breed interest. About 60 Wyoming Indian
students, boys and girls, are playing basketball this year, more
than double the participation in any other sport.
Basketball is popular across Indian Country in North America.
The Native American Basketball Invitational, an annual summer
tournament in Phoenix, drew 64 teams this summer and 86 in 2008,
said GinaMarie Scarpa, co-founder of the tournament.
The founders started the tournament in 2003 to help connect
college scouts with high school-aged American Indian players,
she said.
For all of Wyoming Indian's success, its players haven't enjoyed
commensurate collegiate opportunities.
Basketball fans rattle off the handful of players who've gone on
to play at junior colleges or universities. Some who have tried
have dropped out citing culture shock and homesickness.
"They are just another fish in the sea (in college), but it's
also not home, either," said Owen St. Clair, principal of
Wyoming Indian Elementary School and a member of the Chiefs'
1989 state championship team.
St. Clair said Chiefs players are held in "high honor" on the
reservation. "Well, you go somewhere else, you're not going to
get that," he said.
Ferris, who played at Casper College and Eastern New Mexico
University en route to degrees in criminal justice and
psychology, said he's trying to change his players' mindset
about college.
"I set my goal as using basketball to help pay for my education
and college," Ferris said. "When I first came here, I think it
was something (the players) thought they couldn't accomplish. A
lot of them think that after high school, they're done."
Some players recognize that sports could be their ticket to
education and escape from the potential pitfalls of reservation
The unemployment rate on Wind River Indian Reservation is 80
percent and most of the jobs are hard labor, according to the
Tribal Employment Rights Office.
Health problems plague many tribal members. The average life
span on the reservation is 49 1/2 years, compared to the
national life expectancy of 76 years, according to the federal
Indian Health Service. In 2008, alcohol or drugs contributed to
half of the deaths on the reservation.
Spoonhunter, the Chiefs leading scorer in this spring's state
championship game, said basketball motivates him to keep his
grades up so he can stay on the team and get into college.
"Basketball is a big influence," he said. "It's like my key off
the rez for an education."
Her Many Horses, who won the Wyoming 2A cross country
championship last month, said he's being recruited for cross
country but he also wants to play basketball in college.
"If you have grades, schools will look at you and you can
actually go out to other places and experience those people."
But first there's the season at hand, which tips off in early
The Chiefs are relatively short, averaging about 5-foot-10
inches. But what they lack in height, they make up for in speed.
"Offensively we try to spread the floor and draw their defense
out to give our guys the opportunity to create shots and driving
opportunities," Ferris said. "If they've got a couple of big
guys, we make them guard us out on the perimeter. Defensively,
we usually try to press full court to keep them from getting the
ball into their big guys, because we're so short. It's hard to
defend once they get in their half-court set."
The Chiefs figure to be the favorites to take the state title
again, said Rich Murray, head coach of Niobrara County High
School in Lusk, which lost to Wyoming Indian in the 2009 state
championship. The Chiefs' frenzied full-court press forced Lusk
into an uncharacteristic 25 turnovers.
"If somebody beats them, somebody played a really good game,"
Murray said. "They're not going to have a lot of size again. But
they jump really good and they jump really fast, so that makes
up for it."
Said Ferris, "Every time we make it to state, they always say,
last one off the reservation turn off the lights. That's my
favorite saying. That's how it is."


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Increased levels of the chemokines GROα and MCP-1 in sputum samples from patients with COPD
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, School of Medicine, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
- Correspondence to:
Dr L E Donnelly, Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, School of Medicine, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK;
- Received 29 November 2001
- Accepted 14 January 2002
Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in their lungs. Growth related oncogene-α (GROα) attracts neutrophils, whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) attracts monocytes that can differentiate into macrophages. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of GROα and MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and sputum from non-smokers, healthy smokers and patients with COPD, and to see if there was a correlation between the concentrations of these chemokines, lung function, and numbers of inflammatory cells.
Methods: BAL fluid and sputum from non-smokers (n=32), healthy smokers (n=36), and patients with COPD (n=40) were analysed for the presence of GROα and MCP-1 using ELISA. Cells counts were performed on the samples and correlations between the concentrations of these chemokines, lung function, and inflammatory cells observed.
Results: Median (SE) GROα and MCP-1 levels were significantly increased in sputum from patients with COPD compared with non-smokers and healthy smokers (GROα: 31 (11) v 2 (2) v 3 (0.8) ng/ml; MCP-1: 0.8 (0.4) v 0.2 (0.1) v 0.1 (0.04) ng/ml, p<0.05), but not in BAL fluid. There were significant negative correlations between both GROα and MCP-1 levels in sputum and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted (GROα: r=–0.5, p<0.001; MCP-1: r=–0.5, p<0.001), together with significant positive correlations between GROα and MCP-1 and neutrophil numbers in sputum (GROα: r=0.6, p<0.001; MCP-1: r=0.4, p<0.01).
Conclusion: These results suggest that GROα and MCP-1 are involved in the migration of inflammatory cells, thus contributing to the inflammatory load associated with COPD.


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Lot of Medical tourists are coming to Mexico for weight loss surgery. With well-trained doctors and well-equipped hospitals offering lap band surgery in Tijuana, rise of medical tourist in the region has become consistent.
Here is the video, where Dina from Portland, Oregon, shares her experience about gastric band surgery in Tijuana – Mexico.
Video Narration of Dina
"My name is Dina and I come from Portland, Oregon and I had a lap band surgery done in Tijuana, Mexico...Read More


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Cheats, codes, hints, walkthroughs, questions and answers section, and forums.Contains cheats, codes, saved games, and guides for computer and consoles platforms.Cheats, achievements, trophies, unlockables, hints, easter eggs, glitches, cheat codes, & guides for all games on the PS4, Xbox One, Wii U, PS3, Xbox 360, iPhone ...Cheat Happens has exclusive game cheats and codes, trainers, wallpapers, walkthroughs, reviews, and more for PC and console games.The best selection of PlayStation 2 video game cheats, codes, cheat codes, reviews, previews, news, release dates, and much more!Cheat World Cheats for all systems, games and dvdsGrand Theft Auto: San Andreas Videos, Questions, Answers, Hints, Screenshots, Walkthroughs, Cheats. (PlayStation 2)Get the latest cheats, codes, unlockables, hints, Easter eggs, glitches, tips, tricks, hacks, downloads, hints, guides, FAQs, and walkthroughs for Grand Theft Auto ...Xbox Live Arcade Cheats . Wii CheatsCheats, Codes, Hints, and Tips for all your console games
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To learn more click here
The EUR/JPY pair rose during the session on Friday, but gave back much of the gains in order to form a shooting star. The 98 handle is the start of massive resistance leading all the way to the 101 handle, and as such it makes sense that we saw the buyers struggle with this area.
This market has had a nice run higher from the 94 handle, but as such we figure that it's time for the trend to take back over. Of course, we could continue higher, but with the trend being so obviously negative in this market we are more than willing to be patient and wait for our selling signal. Quite frankly, the higher we go the more interested we are in selling this market.
The European Union still has plenty of issues out there, and the Yen is still considered to be a safe haven currency. It doesn't take a whole lot of imagination to think that troubles in Europe could have people selling this market again. Because of this, we are more than willing to wait for that could set up as we think that the 94 level will be tested yet again.
To the upside, we would have to break above the 101 handle in order to even consider going long. We recognize the fact that the top of the shooting star from Friday would represent an area of significant resistance, and would also be interesting if we manage to break above it as it would show real strength. However, there is simply far too much noise above that level to think that we will be able to sustain even that impressive type of move.
As long as there are troubles in Europe, every time the Euro rises it will be an opportunity to sell. The fact is that the European Union has several years of economic hardship ahead of it after this massive debacle. With this in mind, it is can be very difficult to hold onto the Euro for any length of time. Because of this, we feel that the downside is the right direction.


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This location is shown only to members
Our gatherings are a social event geared to long friendships with like minded people as we all "Discover the Benefits of Eating Raw Food"
What to bring:
Not sure how to make a RAW dish? It's easy, just prepare something simple using ORGANIC fruits, vegetables, seeds or nuts. (That means absolutely no processed foods, sauces, condiments, etc. It also means no toasting, boiling, baking, frying or microwaving and definitely nothing from a can, jar, package or pre-made from a grocery store!
*If you're bringing a guest, please be sure to pass this information along because if they want to participate, they'll also need to contribute.
OK, it may sound like a challenge if you're not used to this food preparation style but trust me, it's easier than you think! If you have no idea what to make, just do a search on-line for "raw food recipes" and you'll find plenty of websites with free recipes. If you're still at a loss or have questions, you can always feel free to contact me directly or click HERE for some raw vegan recipes.
Don't stress about what to bring! If you can't think of something that fits the criteria then just bring a bowl of fresh, organic fruit! Really, it's that easy!!
Please note: Although there is no charge for this event, a small donation to the generous hosts is greatly encouraged and appreciated!
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


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The Tulane
Club of San Diego is an active group of local alumni who organize social,
educational, and cultural activities for Tulane alumni in San Diego and
adjacent counties. The club is a constituent member of the Tulane Alumni
Association (TAA). Founded in 1898, the TAA provides a forum for
meaningful involvement and interaction among the university's alumni,
students, and university leaders.
Join our Facebook group
for up-to-date information about concerts, crawfish boils, community
service projects, TV viewings, academic receptions, happy hour networking
nights, and more.
Activities of the club are planned and organized by local alumni with the
assistance of the Tulane Office of Alumni Relations. Your ideas and help
are welcome. If you would like to become involved, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Club President: Melissa Micou
Club Vice President: Stephanie Antin
Admissions: Open Position
Athletics: Chris Thibodeau
Music: Steve DeMatteo
Newsletter: Melissa Studer
Young Alumni Networking: Alyssa Wilcox
Special Events:
Social Media: Stephanie Antin
Community Service: Dave & Bari Vaz
Laurie Sanderson, Andy Sanderson, Carol Showley, Mary Lynn Hyde, and Bill Kammer


text:
|Go to Page...
Minor patch (6.2.3)
Fury of Hellfire (6.2)
The Adventure Continues (6.1)
Warlords of Draenor (6.0.3)
Warlords of Draenor Pre-Patch (6.0.2)
|Beta-version AddOns, Buff, Debuff, Spell, Casting Bars, Cooldowns, Combat Mods, Unit Mods
This page is best viewed using the WoWI "default" or "dark" theme. Apologies for any inconvenience.
The following is adapted from the original project description. Disclaimers at the bottom.
This is a BETA release. Seeking assistance with any/all localizations (deDE, esES, frFR, koKR, ruRU, zhCN, zhTW, any/all others).
Aloft is an addon that allows you to customize and enchance how nameplates and nameplate casting bars appear in the game.
As of 2014/11/03, I will be on extended hiatus, possibly never to return. If you wish to take over maintenance of Aloft, please contact me via PM.
The Aloft FAQ is HERE, please review it. (And please feel free to request additional information/clarification.)
NOTE: Keeping track of which versions of WoW are live on which non-North American realms is difficult; please PM me if you end up with an incompatible version, we can probably find something that will work for you.
NOTE: The current production release is Aloft-6.0.1 (Ace3), for WoW 6.0.2+ (Warlords of Draenor, at least prepatched on North American live realms as of 2014/10/14; not compatible with earlier versions of WoW). Aloft-5.2.8 (Ace3) is still available for WoW 5.X. Aloft-4.4.8 (Ace3) is still available for WoW 4.X. Aloft 2.8.3 (Ace2) or later is required for WoW 3.2. Some older versions may or may not still be available; send a PM to Acapela for older versions, and include your email address.
Quick answers to current "problems" (see recent Change Log entries for additional details):
Recent Changes (Aloft 6.0.1):
- fix for cast bar color/border/etc problem
- updated LibBabble-Faction-3.0 to latest/greatest (6.0-release2)
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (r1123)
Recent Changes (Aloft 6.0.0):
- ready for WoW 6.X; thanks to everyone who helped test the alpha
- updated TOC to 60000
- fixed spell ID issues in totem and crowd control modules
- fixed cast bar LUA error and configuration mode update issues
- fixed "recently damaged" option in AloftGlow module
- attempt at a fix for flickering duplicate unit name text
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (r1118)
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.8):
- disabled keybindings during combat
- disabled all combat-related auto-show/hide and auto-motion functionality
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (Release-r1109)
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.7c):
- fixed a small bug in cast bar cast activity handling
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (r1105)
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.7b):
- fixed a small bug in cast bar spell icon handling
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.7):
- updated Aloft to detect and propagate healthbar "tapped color" of 0x888888 (136/136/136); active on units tapped by others
- updated Aloft to show "default" cast bars on all nameplates (not just target); cast bar functionality is disabled if cast warning functionality is enabled
- made state icon size range larger
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (Release-1104)
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.6):
- fixed issues with cross realm character "Names (*)", now parsing correctly; be ready for potential issues with duplicate names
- added [IsCross] boolean text tag, for those who want to incorporate some indication of cross-realm in their text/colors
- updated LibBabble-Faction-3.0 to latest/greatest (5.4-release1)
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (Release-r1098)
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.5):
- updated TOC to 50400
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.4):
- updated TOC to 50300
- added scenarios to instance types for auto-show functionality
- all experiments to fix "state icon" alignment on nameplate show failed; replaced "state icon" completely
- updated LibBabble-Faction-3.0 to latest/greatest (5.3-release1)
- updated LibGratuity-3.0 to latest/greatest (r47 apparently just a TOC change)
- updated Ace3 to latest/greatest (r1086; apparently just a TOC change)
Recent Changes (Aloft 5.2.3):
- forgot to add Arena ID module icon background textures to repository! now added...
- applied various small fixes to avoid using Region:Show()/Hide() on sub-elements of the Blizzard nameplate frame assembly, to improve compatibility with "Healers Have to Die"
!!Tag Error!! Problems? Aloft options have disappeared? Aloft Presets not available or not loading properly?
A lot of Aloft functionality is now "dynamic" (not loaded by default). Enable this dynamic Aloft functionality via Aloft's "Modules" options. (See the screen shot of Aloft's options on the WoWInterface page for Aloft.)
!!Tag Error!! Issues: If you have "!!Tag Error!!" problems, either enable modules carefully one at a time until the problem(s) goes away, or (especially for custom text tag configurations) look at the document "AloftTags.rtf" (bundled with Aloft, in .../Interface/AddOns/Aloft/AloftTags.rtf), which details which text tags are supplied by which modules. A more detailed procedure is provided below.
Missing Options: If a module is not enabled, its options will not be present (as if the module was physically absent). If options seem to be missing in Aloft's waterfall, check to see if the associated module is enabled in Aloft's "Modules" options. Enable the module, and its options should appear "on the spot". (Only the AloftLDB module is loaded by default, to save memory.)
Presets: Aloft "dynamic" modules must be enabled before presets can be applied to them, and the "AloftPresets" module itself must be enabled before presets can be used at all. (the AloftPresets module is disabled by default to save memory.) A more detailed procedure is provided below.
!!Tag Error!! procedure, with nameplates displayed/visible:
Presets procedure:
To "goose" Aloft, try to Force Rebuilding of Text Tags, with nameplates displayed/visible:
Rinse/Repeat any/all of the above, as needed, to arrive at the desired configuration.
"/aloft gui"
Direct support for FuBar (here and here) and LibDataBroker-1.1 are incorporated.
Under WoW 3.0.2 and later, Aloft no longer requires (nor can it even benefit from) external libraries for health estimation (i.e. MobHealth3, LibMobHealth-4.0, MobInfo2) or threat (i.e. Threat-2.0)
The customization options in Aloft allow you to change the size, shape, anchors, font, font options, textures and colors of:
1. Name text
2. Level Text
3. Health Bar
4. Mana Bar
5. Cast Bar
6. Spell Icon
7. Boss Icon
8. Raid Icon
9. Mouseover Highlight
Aloft also enhances the display by providing options for:
1. Health text - you can display health percentage, health, or health deficit right on the nameplate
2. Spell name - Aloft will place the spell name right on the casting bar
3. Spell casting timer - Displays the remaining casting time
4. Combo Points/Lacerate/Sunder text - Displayed on current target's nameplate for druids (while in the relevant form), rogues, and warriors
5. Recently Damaged icon - Displays an icon next to any unit that has recently taken damage
6. Finer visibility control - A collection of options that give you specific control over which nameplates are shown - eg. You can hide friendly pets, out-of-guild players, and lots more
7. Guild Text - Show guild information right on the nameplate. Shows abbreviated forms by default.
8. Border and backdrop color
9. Comments - Show "Banker", "Flight Master" and other automatically gathered comments, or your own custom ones right on the nameplate
10. Mana Bar/Text - show group member/pet/summon mana, energy, rage
11. Combat Text - display all damage and healing done to group members or targets right on the plate.
12. Pets Owner's Names
13. Polymorph Timer/Shackle Undead/Banish Timer bars
14. Unit Aliases
15. Class Icons
16. Player Titles (PvP, Reputation, and Achievement titles, segregated by prefix or suffix)
17. Experimental: Target-of-target subsystem; see FAQ
18. Keybindings for toggling enemy nameplates, friendly nameplates, and all nameplates
19. Integrated with SharedMedia (for extra fonts and textures: SharedMedia)
Finally, Aloft (this UPDATED version) provides a full-featured threat indicator capability:
1. Player threat displayed on player target's nameplate (the player has no bar-style nameplate)
2. Group threat (including pets/summons) displayed on group nameplates; see FAQ
3. Threat bar and threat text capabilities
4. Threat bar and threat text can be enabled independently
5. Can be enabled while solo (for pet-owning classes)
6. Control over display colors to indicate common threat and maximum threat thresholds
7. Threat gain threshold display (i.e. omen-style "aggro bar") capability for player threat
8. Threat threshold nameplate "glow" (separate from aggro glow, see below); Threshold can be customized
9. Experiemntal: AOE threat subsystem; threat displayed on hostile nameplates for units other than the player's current/active/primary target; see FAQ
As well, on a related note, Aloft provides:
10. Aggro namplate "glow" (for AOE tanking/etc), replacing the Blizzard native aggro "glow"; Note that aggro glow is completely separate from threat system
NOTE: Aggro nameplate "glow" will only be displayed if the underlying Blizzard "Display->Display Aggro Warning" is enabled for the state you are in (i.e. Always/Party/Instance, etc)
Other threat addons (thanks to their authors for unknowningly providing example code for Aloft's current threat implementation):
Omen3: Omen
IceHUD_Threat (now obsolete; primary target threat is a direct feature of IceHUD): IceHUD, IceHUD_Threat
ZThreatMeter (now apparently obsolete): ZThreatMeter
All of the additional options are written to require no additional overhead if they're not enabled (though they will occupy memory when Aloft is loaded).
Aloft is designed to be easily extensible. All of the functionality is separated into discrete modules which should make it relatively easy for people to tinker with adding their own functionality.
If you want additional texture options, make sure you install SharedMedia. For additional font options, ClearFont2 and its fontpacks provide a number of extra font choices.
Documentation for the text tag format is included with the addon (look at the file AloftTag.rtf). Please also look at CREDITS.txt and CHANGELOG.txt for a history of the project.
Aloft is still (again?) a work in progress. Defect reports, feature requests, and code reviews are welcome.
On behalf of all the original contributors, Acapela hopes you enjoy it.
DISCLAIMER: Acapela is not the original author of this addon. Please refer to README.txt, CREDITS.txt, and CHANGELOG_WOWACE.txt for more information on the history of Aloft.
Aloft has been updated. It would be branded a "fan update" except the original author(s) have long since vanished, and Aloft is in fact being actively maintained, for the forseable future, by Acapela.
Acapela intends to host the addon here at WoWInterface (SVN and distribution).
NOTE: The addon is not maintained by Acapela at either of WoWAce or CurseForge (though earlier/"original" versions are still available there).
The WoWAce revision on which this version is based is r80814 (http://www.wowace.com/projects/aloft/; this is WAY out of date, now a WoWAce "obsolete" project; the WoWAce version was not transferred to Curse).
Please report all errors as they are discovered (either in the comments for Aloft here on WoWInterface, or via the WoWInterface bug report mechanism), and Acapela will attempt to resolve them and apply a fix.
Acapela will participate in the forum thread for Aloft at WoWInterface (http://www.wowinterface.com/forums/s...ad.php?t=18093), as well as the commentary associated with the page for the addon itself at WoWInterface.
Acapela will continue to participate in the the original official forum thread at WoWAce (http://forums.wowace.com/showthread.php?t=5437).
A private message to "acapela" at WoWInterface will also reach him.
Acapela does not want Aloft to die, so Acapela will make every effort to find someone to take over should he find himself unable to continue with this commitment. If anyone would be interested in participating in development, please contact Acapela.
NOTE: Current users of Aloft should backup/delete their .../Interface/Addons/Aloft folder before installing this version of Aloft.
It would also probably be a good idea, to avoid problems, to backup/delete your .../WTF/Account/<WoWUsername>/SavedVariables/Aloft.lua file as well.
As always, Aloft is free with your materials, but if you want to donate:
File Name
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A Kobold Labourer
Forum posts: 0
File comments: 12
Uploads: 0
Re: Release: 2.6.4-631
Seems like the issue was the r7 release of FubarPlugin-2.0. The change calling it FubarPlugin-2.1 apparently caused problems ("disastrous result" was one of the comments). This change has since been reverted in r9.
I edited AloftFu.lua and replaced all instances of "FubarPlugin-2.1" to "FubarPlugin-2.0". This was enough to get Fortress and Carousel to find and display Aloft.
I also replaced the embedded FubarPlugin-2.0 with the r9 release and it's all still working fine.
Thanks for all your work on this!
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Release: 2.6.4-631
a new release is available (pending moderator approval), Aloft 2.6.4-631.
this has fixes for Elcifr's FuBar/Broker problems (see changelog for details; not all of you would have experienced anything like these problems), plus a few other smaller fixes.
much thanks to Elcifr for sticking with this, and getting me to look at it more closely. these problems were not reproducing for me, and the last thing i want to do is dismiss an actual bug.
interaction with FuBar and LibDataBroker might still be flaky (i.e. i might need fixes to my fixes), depending on your local configuration, so please by all means sound out here if you observe any problems at all.
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
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Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: No LDB.
i am now seeing problems similar to what you are seeing: plugin panels for Aloft are not showing, and no LUA errors are emerging.
could be a load order issue (Aloft trying to plug itself in before FuBar and/or Carousel have loaded and are available), with my full configuration and/or full set of SavedVariables behaving differently.
anyway, i will start working on debugging this.
thanks for being so persistent, you have probably found a couple of bugs (which i hope can now be fixed).
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
Last edited by acapela : 12-19-08 at 11:12 AM.
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A Kobold Labourer
Forum posts: 0
File comments: 4
Uploads: 0
ok found the problem.
Last edited by zerocooly2kde : 12-19-08 at 11:08 AM.
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A Kobold Labourer
Forum posts: 0
File comments: 12
Uploads: 0
Re: Re: Re: Re: No LDB.
Backed up my Interface, WTF, and Cache folders.
Deleted the Interface, WTF, and Cache folders.
Loaded a character and exited WoW.
Unzipped Carousel, Aloft, and tekErr into Interface folder.
Loaded same character--no Aloft widget; made sure Aloft LDB was checked from the Waterfall menu and exited to character menu.
Loaded same character--no Aloft widget; exited WoW, deleted Carousel and unzipped Fortress. Also deleted Aloft SavedVariables file.
Loaded same character--no Aloft widget; checked menus, etc.
Repeated process with Fubar 3.5, making sure to check Aloft Fu in the Waterfall menu--no widget.
Repeated process with Fubar+Broker2Fubar (Aloft LDB checked) and Fortress/Carousel+Fubar2Broker (Aloft Fu checked)--no widget.
Then I gave up.
All addons were the same versions as listed in your reply. TekErr never showed any errors. Fortress, Carousel and Fubar never listed Aloft at all in any configuration.
I'm very surprised I couldn't get it working even with things being "clean." Oh well. It's really only a minor inconvenience and certainly nothing I can't deal with.
Thanks for the help!
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edit: yeah, i thought i had opened up the "bar" menus in my little screen shot of the Aloft waterfall on the main Aloft page here at WoWI. you can see the "Health Text" menu item on that screen shot under "Health Bar" part of the menu.
i will add a note to myself to add a FAQ item on this menu organization issue, you are not the first person to ask this sort of question.
hope that helps.
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
Last edited by acapela : 12-18-08 at 08:23 PM.
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A Kobold Labourer
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File comments: 4
Uploads: 0
the bars don't show the heath text on the health bar.
i activated the module, but can't find any options for it.
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Re: Re: Re: No LDB.
so, we are left with the classic "addon conflict" sorts of debugging tricks: try running with only Aloft and FuBar enabled (just those two addons, nothing else)... only Aloft (with LDB enabled) and, say, Fortress... only Aloft (with LDB enabled), FuBar, and Broker2FuBar...
you can also try saving your Aloft SavedVariables file aside (effectively "deleting" it by changing its name, but such that you can change it back and recover your settings), and do this with the sort of minimal Aloft+Broker/FuBar setup as described above; temporarily establish a "new" or "clean" configuration as far as Aloft is concerned.
in short, try to eliminate all possible variables, reduce your configuration to something that pretty much *has* to work (assuming Aloft is functional, as it is for me, and FuBar is functional, as it is for me, etc). if you can get something really basic to actually work, then you can tweak one thing at a time (like putting your old Aloft SavedVariables file back in, or enabling a few additional FuBar addons), until the configuration breaks again, at which point you have at least narrowed the possibilities down.
also make sure you have a way to capture LUA errors (buggrabber+bugsack, tekerror, something), in case there is something like a library conflict down underneath the covers happening without your being able to see it.
anyway, when i reproduce your configuration, as described elsewhere, everything works just fine for me. if we were in the same room together, we could probably fiddle with it and straighten this out. alas, we are not. all i can suggest is trying some of these configuration debugging techniques, very slowly/carefully/incrementally so that you know exactly what you have changed each step of the way, try to find a minimalistic configuration that works, and proceed from there.
sorry for the trouble. wish i could do something more to help...
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
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A Kobold Labourer
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Re: Re: No LDB.
Tried turning on the LDB module (I've got Broker2FuBar) and that doesn't work either: Broker2Fubar doesn't acknowledge Aloft exists.
Worked fine with -612 & Aloft is the only addon I've changed between it working and not working. Deleted ..\interface\addons\aloft and re-installed, but that made no difference.
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Re: Tag Error
i will also, as a practice, be summarizing the changes involved in the most recent couple of versions on the front page for Aloft, in red text.
in this case, you would have found it mentioned, at least in passing (and i freely admit i do not always express myself perfectly clearly, so i apologize if i did not make this as clear as i could have), that the Aloft presets are now a "dynamic module", so if you want to access presets, you will have to enable that module in order to do so. (and once you have the presets loaded successfully, you can disable the AloftPresets module and reload your UI, in order to save memory).
as for your "!!Tag Error!!" problems, in conjunction with presets, you would want to enable all of your desired modules *before* selecting a preset. that way, there will be modules/functionality physically loaded/available to accept the preset configuration (otherwise, Aloft will find there are no configuration variables to accept the configuration values in the preset, and will just skip over stuff, on a module-by-module basis).
this is actually not explicitly documented anywhere, so this is a "good catch" on your part, thank you very much for bringing this issue up. i will go add this to the FAQ, and at least make mention of it in the yellow text on the Aloft front page.
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
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Re: No LDB.
just tested with:
- Aloft "2.6.3-617"
- Fortress "1.11-beta1-4-gfda0724"
- NinjaPanel "beta1" (latest/greatest from WoWI)
- StatBlockCore "v2.5"
- Carousel "1.5" (my usual LDB display)
- FuBar "3.5"
all seem to work as i would expect. the respective screen widget is visible, Aloft-instrumented tooltip and mouse functionality work, etc.
so, i guess this falls under the heading "cannot reproduce". double check that you have no residual Aloft modules laying around (as described below). you should have only .../Interface/AddOns/Aloft at this point.
1) you have no obsolete "Broker_Aloft" or "FuBar_AloftFu" addons hiding in your AddOns folder?
2) you are not running Broker2FuBar or FuBar2Broker, in a way that would cause conflicts?
i use Carousel, myself (along with FuBar2Broker), and have no Aloft/Broker display issues with either the Aloft LDB or FuBar functionality (though i do not enable both of those Aloft modules simultaneously).
i will go take a look for Fortress, Ninjapanel, and StatBlockCore here in a bit, install them, and see if i have any compatibility issues.
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
Last edited by acapela : 12-18-08 at 12:58 PM.
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update: filed a ticket for LibBabble-3.0-Class, actually (i.e. bug report), via WoWAce, including your original post in its entirety. hopefully CKKnight (LibBabble author) can take a look at it.
1) i am not a LibBabble-3.0 developer; in this case i am (almost) as much an end-user as you are
2) i have no access to the LibBabble-3.0 code repository; applying or even submitting fixes is beyond my power
the best i can do is pass your report along to the LibBabble-3.0 developer (i will cut/paste it into the forum thread over at WoWAce), which i am happy to do, and then check regularly (which i already do) for updates to LibBabble-3.0, which i can then incorporate into Aloft.
sorry i can't be more helpful.
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
Last edited by acapela : 12-18-08 at 12:41 PM.
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for myself, as a user, i clump [PetOwnersName], [Guild], and [Comment] together in my "Guild Text" text field (only one of those can ever be valid for any given unit, so cramming them together in a single text field works for display purposes). i use my "Comment Text" field for target information. this is what it looks like:
[HideIf(GroupTargetCount <= 0):GroupTargetCount:Angle:Red][TargetName:Surround("- "," -"):Red]
[IsTarget:"> ":Red][PlayerTitlePrefix:Suffix(" "):HealthBarColor][Name:HealthBarColor][PlayerTitleSuffix:Prefix(", "):HealthBarColor][HideIf(Alias==Name):Alias:Surround(" (",")"):Cyan][IsTarget:" <":Red]
as well, be advised: the ToT system (for enemy units other than the player's current target) is subject to the the same limitations that i described for the "Cast Warning" system: for a ToT to show on a hostile unit nameplate, the hostile unit must be a player (i.e. have a class), or a raid target icon assignment, and in addition some friendly/grouped unit must have it targeted (at least a pet). the ToT system is equipped to track target changes among friendly/grouped units (including pets), and can use that targeting "configuration" to gather data about units fairly efficiently.
the reasons for all of this are fairly intricate, and would take some explanation. but in general it has to do with the fact that gathering information about a unit using Blizzard's API requires a "unitid" (however indirect... whether "mouseover" or "target"... or "raidpet17target"... *something* associated with the player has to have the unit targeted in order to gather information), combined with the anonymous nature of nameplates, which don't have much information associated with them by default (for bar-style nameplates this is: name, level, current/max health, and for flagged enemy players, a class color; for everything else, Aloft has to collect data from Blizzard), and the fact that there is no way in WoW to be certain (programmatically within an addon) if a unit name is "unique" enough to differentiate between multiple visible units, all of which (for PvE mobs) could potentially possess the exact same name/level.
one needs a "uniquiefication" mechanism, or a "uniqueness hint" of some sort, that both can be queried programmatically from blizzard and is associated passively/graphically with a nameplate... raid target icon, or the fact that a unit with a class (as opposed to a creaturetype+classification) is a player character and therefore can be assumed to have a unique name... that sort of thing.
Retired author/maintainer of Aloft (the nameplate addon)
Zippy said it best: "All life is a BLUR of Republicans and Meat!"
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A Kobold Labourer
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Tag Error
On using Presets I got "!!Tag Error!!" in all name texts.
I allready have had deleted aloft and save variables.
any idea?
edit: i see it was an older version of aloft the new beta has no presets :/
Last edited by BadBoyPR : 12-18-08 at 07:36 AM.
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text:
Nordonia Tire and Service
Northfield, OH 44067 USA
- 08:00
- 17:30
- http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Monday
- 08:00
- 17:30
- http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Tuesday
- 08:00
- 17:30
- http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Wednesday
- 08:00
- 17:30
- http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Thursday
- 08:00
- 17:30
- http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Friday
- 08:00
- 15:00
- http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Saturday
"They give realistic estimates, my car is done on time and as a woman I am very comfortable going to that shop. They are friendly, very respectful and I never have to go back in for the same work."— Maryellen, a Verified Customer
Auto Repair Experience
- Michael Mcgroarty, Owner
- Established 1982
- 3 Auto Repair Mechanics on Staff
- 3 ASE Certified Auto Technicians
- 70 Years of Car Repair Experience
- ScorecardDetails2yrNationwideWarranty
Nordonia Tire and Service has been service the Northfield area since 1982. This team of automotive professionals is very experienced, ASE certified and takes the time to attend regular training to help ensure your vehicle is repaired correctly the first time. This training, coupled with some of the best automotive tools and computer diagnostic equipment enable this location to provide repairs ranging from check engine light diagnoses and repairs, to minor and major mechanical repairs, to tires and wheel alignment, as well as your scheduled maintenance needs. Our unbiased review of their most recent customers revealed they not only do a great job taking care of your car, they also excel at customer service as well. This team was described as "thorough", "respectful", "accommodating", "knowledgeable", and "courteous". For your peace of mind they back their work with a 24-month / 24,000-mile warranty. A local shuttle service, loaner vehicles, early bird drop off, and a waiting area with wireless Internet are available for your convenience.Reviews
Auto Repair Experience
- Michael Mcgroarty, Owner
- Established 1982
- 3 Auto Repair Mechanics on Staff
- 3 ASE Certified Auto Technicians
- 70 Years of Car Repair Experience
- AC/Heating
- Alignment
- Check Engine Light
- Diagnosis
- Hybrid/Electric
- Muffler & Exhaust
- Oil Change & Lube
- Scheduled Maintenance
- Service & Repair
- Timing Belts
- Tire Sales/Repair
- Transmission Repair
- Windshield/Glass
- AAA Member Discount
- Car Delivery
- Car Pickup/Dropoff
- Coffee
- Early Bird Dropoff
- Financing
- Free Multi-Point Safety Inspection
- Gas/Diesel
- Heated Waiting Room
- Loaner Car
- Military Discount
- Parts/Accessories
- Senior Discount
- Service Guarantee
- Shopping Nearby
- Shuttle
- Store
- Towing
- Warranty Accepted
Makes We Serve
- Acura
- Audi
- Buick
- Cadillac
- Chevrolet
- Chrysler
- Dodge
- Ford
- Geo
- Honda
- Hummer
- Hyundai
- Infiniti
- Isuzu
- Jaguar
- Jeep
- Kia
- Land Rover
- Lexus
- Lincoln
- Mazda
- Mercedes-Benz
- Mercury
- Mini
- Mitsubishi
- Nissan
- Oldsmobile
- Plymouth
- Pontiac
- Porsche
- Ram
- Saab
- Saturn
- Scion
- Smart
- Subaru
- Suzuki
- Toyota
- Volkswagen
- Volvo
Message from the Shop
We have free loaner cars while yours is in for service.
Tires + Balance
Wheel Alignment
Oil Change, Lube and Filter
● Clean fuel injectors.
● Clean throttle body air intake.
● Inspect fuel lines and fuel rail.
● Pressure test fuel pump and system.
● Inspect pressure regulator, vacuum line, and all connections.
● Decarbonize intake manifold, intake, and exhaust valves.
● Decarbonize combustion chamber and pistons.
● Run an exhaust emissions test.
Fluid Changes: Automatic Transmission Fluid, Brake Fluid, Coolant (Anti-freeze), Motor Oil, Power Steering Fluid
Belts and Hoses
Cooling System, Radiator, Radiator Hose, Heater Hose, Fuel Hose, Power Steering Hose, Heater Core, Engine Coolant, Power Steering Pump, Timing Belt, Serpentine Belt, Alternator, Water Pump, Air Conditioning Compressor, Radiator Cooling Fan, Steering Gear, Electrical Charging System, Battery, Starter, Shocks, Struts, Suspension, Steering, Computer Diagnostics, Exhaust Repair, Transmission, and Clutch!
Overall Rating25 Verified Reviews
Customer Reviewsby Maryellen - Verified Customer December 23, 2014
They give realistic estimates, my car is done on time and as a woman I am very comfortable going to that shop. They are friendly, very respectful and I never have to go back in for the same work.by Joe - Verified Customer December 23, 2014
They were very knowledgeable they found the issue and they fixed it correctly.by Verified Customer December 20, 2014
I bought tires for my van, I have specialty rims and they took very good care of my equipment while installing my tires.by Stef - Verified Customer December 18, 2014
They were very attentive to my needs, they conducted a follow up call to see how everything was and they even sent me a hand written thank you card for visiting their shop.Show more reviewsby Melanie - Verified Customer December 17, 2014
They always explain exactly what they are going to do, they are very thorough with their explanations.by Dwayne - Verified Customer December 17, 2014
I like the service I receive at the front counter, they are very helpful and they explain everything that needs to be done.by Earl - Verified Customer December 16, 2014
They are ok, they aren't spectacular but they aren't horrible.by Albert - Verified Customer December 15, 2014
They have always been nice, fair and I have never had a problem with any of the work they have done for me.by Verified Customer December 14, 2014
They are an above average shop but there is always room for improvement.Show more reviewsby Alex - Verified Customer December 13, 2014
They couldn't figure out why my front end wouldn't align, so they just put new tires on.by Verified Customer December 12, 2014
They have good customer service, and they do very good work.by Michael - Verified Customer December 11, 2014
They are very good and friendly people.by Eleanor - Verified Customer December 10, 2014
I have always been satisfied with their work. They do what they are supposed to and I never have any problems.by Susan - Verified Customer December 09, 2014
They have been very accommodating over the past years with helping me get my car fixed since I haven't been in the best of health.Show more reviewsby Verified Customer December 07, 2014
I am completely satisfied with their work. They are in a convenient location and they get the work done quickly.by Emma - Verified Customer December 06, 2014
The service was good, and they provided me with transportation to their shop. They were a little more expensive compared to the last time I went to them.by Eric - Verified Customer December 04, 2014
Great customer service overall, they went above and beyond what they needed to just to help me out.by Thomas - Verified Customer November 30, 2014
They are a great shop to go to, and they always take the time to help their customers.by Anna - Verified Customer November 29, 2014
I had very nice service there, I got immediate attention when I got there and they tell you exactly what is wrong before they do any work. They always check to see if you want them to do the necessary work.Show more reviewsby Frank - Verified Customer November 28, 2014
My entire family has had service there, and they always do a great job.by Millie - Verified Customer November 27, 2014
They were very nice, thorough and I was completely satisfied.by Frank - Verified Customer November 27, 2014
They did very good work.by Verified Customer November 21, 2014
The service was good, they were friendly and they explained the repairs without doing work that wasn't needed.by Verified Customer November 19, 2014
They were very nice, my husband took the car into the shop and they were nice enough to offer him a ride home and they came and got him so he could bring our car home.Show more reviewsby Bernie - Verified Customer November 17, 2014
They were very courteous. They didn't have an item that my car needed so they said I could come back after they order the parts and they let me cut in front of everyone when I came back in.
- High quality repair
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- Warranty on repairs
- Great customer service