text:
Pattern matching against strings
Regular expressions are a computer science concept where simple patterns describe the format of text. Pattern matching is the process of applying these patterns to actual text to look for matches.
Most modern regular expression facilities are more powerful than traditional regular expressions due to the influence of languages such as Perl, but the short-hand term regex has stuck and continues to mean regular expression-like pattern matching.
In Perl 6, although they are capable of much more than regular languages, we continue to call them regexes.
Lexical conventions
Perl 6 has special syntax for writing regexes:
m/abc/; # a regex that is immediately matched against $_
rx/abc/; # a Regex object
/abc/; # a Regex object
The first two can use delimiters other than the slash:
Note that neither the colon
: nor round parentheses can be delimiters; the colon is forbidden because it clashes with adverbs, such as
rx:i/abc/ (case insensitive regexes), and round parentheses indicate a function call instead.
Whitespace in regexes is generally ignored (except with the
:s or
:sigspace adverb).
As in the rest of Perl 6, comments in regexes start with a hash character
# and go to the end of the current line.
The simplest case of a regex is a constant string. Matching a string against that regex searches for that string:
if 'properly' ~~ m/ perl / {
say "'properly' contains 'perl'";
Alphanumeric characters and the underscore
_ are literal matches. All other characters must either be escaped with a backslash (for example
\: to match a colon), or included in quotes:
/ 'two words' / # matches 'two words' including the blank
/ "a:b" / # matches 'a:b' including the colon
/ '#' / # matches a hash character
Strings are searched left to right for the regex, thus it is sufficient if a substring matches the regex:
if 'abcdef' ~~ / de / {
say ~$/; # de
say $/.prematch; # abc
say $/.postmatch; # f
say $/.from; # 3
say $/.to; # 5
Match results are stored in the
$/ variable and are also returned from the match. The result is of type Match if the match was successful; otherwise it is Nil.
Wildcards and character classes
Dot to match any character
An unescaped dot
. in a regex matches any single character.
So these all match:
'perl' ~~ /per./; # matches the whole string
'perl' ~~ / per . /; # the same; whitespace is ignored
'perl' ~~ / pe.l /; # the . matches the r
'speller' ~~ / pe.l/; # the . matches the first l
This doesn't match:
'perl' ~~ /. per /
because there is no character to match before
per in the target string.
Backslashed, predefined character classes
There are predefined character classes of the form
\w. Its negation is written with an upper-case letter,
\d matches a single digit (Unicode property
N) and
\D matches a single character that is not a digit.
'ab42' ~~ /\d/ and say ~$/; # 4
'ab42' ~~ /\D/ and say ~$/; # a
Note that not only the Arabic digits (commonly used in the Latin alphabet) match
\d, but also digits from other scripts.
Examples for digits are:
\h matches a single horizontal whitespace character.
\H matches a single character that is not a horizontal whitespace character.
Examples for horizontal whitespace characters are
Vertical whitespace like newline characters are explicitly excluded; those can be matched with
\v, and
\s matches any kind of whitespace.
\n matches a single, logical newline character.
\n is supposed to also match a Windows CR LF codepoint pair; though it is unclear whether the magic happens at the time that external data is read, or at regex match time.
\N matches a single character that's not a logical newline.
\s matches a single whitespace character.
\S matches a single character that is not whitespace.
if 'contains a word starting with "w"' ~~ / w \S+ / {
say ~$/; # word
\t matches a single tab/tabulation character,
U+0009. (Note that exotic tabs like the
U+000B VERTICAL TABULATION character are not included here).
\T matches a single character that is not a tab.
\v matches a single vertical whitespace character.
\V matches a single character that is not vertical whitespace.
Examples for vertical whitespace characters:
\s to match any kind of whitespace, not just vertical whitespace.
\w matches a single word character, i.e. a letter (Unicode category L), a digit or an underscore.
\W matches a single character that isn't a word character.
Examples of word characters:
03B4 δ GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA
03F3 ϳ GREEK LETTER YOT
Unicode properties
The character classes so far are mostly for convenience; a more systematic approach is the use of Unicode properties. They are called in the form
<:property> , where
property can be a short or long Unicode property name.
The following list is stolen from the Perl 5 perlunicode documentation:
|Decimal_Number (also Digit)
|Punctuation (also punct)
|(may behave like Ps or Pe depending on usage)
|(may behave like Ps or Pe depending on usage)
|Control (also cntrl)
For example
<:Lu> matches a single, upper-case letter.
Negation works as
<:!category> , so
<:!Lu> matches a single character that isn't an upper-case letter.
Several categories can be combined with one of these infix operators:
|set union
|set union
|set intersection
|set difference (first minus second)
|symmetric set intersection / XOR
So, to match either a lower-case letter or a number, one can write
<:Ll+:N> or
<:Ll+:Number> or
<+ :Lowercase_Letter + :Number> .
It is also possible to group categories and sets of categories with parentheses, e.g.:
'perl6' ~~ m{\w+(<:Ll+:N>)} # 0 => 「6」
Enumerated character classes and ranges
Sometimes the pre-existing wildcards and character classes are not enough. Fortunately, defining your own is fairly simple. Between
<[ ]> , you can put any number of single characters and ranges of characters (expressed with two dots between the end points), with or without whitespace.
"abacabadabacaba" ~~ / <[ a .. c 1 2 3 ]> /
# Unicode hex codepoint range
"ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ" ~~ / <[ \x[00C0] .. \x[00C6] ]> /
# Unicode named codepoint range
"ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ" ~~ / <[ \c[LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE] .. \c[LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE] ]> /
Between the
< > you can also use the same operators for categories (
^) to combine multiple range definitions and even mix in some of the unicode categories above. You are also allowed to write the backslashed forms for character classes between the
[ ] .
/ <[\d] - [13579]> /
# not quite the same as
/ <[02468]> /
# because the first one also contains "weird" unicodey digits
To negate a character class, put a
- after the opening angle:
say 'no quotes' ~~ / <-[ " ]> + /; # matches characters except "
A common pattern for parsing quote-delimited strings involves negated character classes:
say '"in quotes"' ~~ / '"' <-[ " ]> * '"'/;
This first matches a quote, then any characters that aren't quotes, and then a quote again. The meaning of
* and
+ in the examples above are explained in section Quantifier.
Just as you can use the
- for both set difference and negation of a single value, you can also explicitly put a
+ in front:
/ <+[123]> / # same as <[123]>
A quantifier makes a preceding atom match not exactly once, but rather a variable number of times. For example
a+ matches one or more
a characters.
Quantifiers bind tighter than concatenation, so
ab+ matches one
a followed by one or more
bs. This is different for quotes, so
'ab'+ matches the strings
ababab etc.
One or more: +
+ quantifier makes the preceding atom match one or more times, with no upper limit.
For example to match strings of the form
key=value, you can write a regex like this:
/ \w+ '=' \w+ /
Zero or more: *
* quantifier makes the preceding atom match zero or more times, with no upper limit.
For example to allow optional whitespace between
a and
b you can write
/ a \s* b /
Zero or one match: ?
? quantifier makes the preceding atom match zero or once.
General quantifier: ** min..max
To quantify an atom an arbitrary number of times, you can write e.g.
a ** 2..5 to match the character
a at least twice and at most 5 times.
say so 'a' ~~ /a ** 2..5/; # False
say so 'aaa' ~~ /a ** 2..5/; # True
If the minimal and maximal number of matches are the same, a single integer is possible:
a ** 5 matches
a exactly five times.
say so 'aaaaa' ~~ /a ** 5/; # True
It is also possible to use non inclusive ranges using a caret:
say so 'a' ~~ /a ** 1^..^6/; # False
say so 'aaaa' ~~ /a ** 1^..^6/; # True
This includes the numeric ranges starting from 0:
say so 'aaa' ~~ /a ** ^6/; # True
or a Whatever operator for an infinite range with a non inclusive minimum:
say so 'aaaa' ~~ /a ** 1^..*/; # True
Modified quantifier: %
To more easily match things like comma separated values, you can tack on a
% modifier to any of the above quantifiers to specify a separator that must occur between each of the matches. So, for example
a+ % ',' will match
a or
a,a or
a,a,a or so on, but it will not match
a, or
a,a,. To match those as well, you may use
%% instead of
Greedy versus frugal quantifiers: ?
By default, quantifiers request a greedy match:
'abababa' ~~ /a .* a/ && say ~$/; # abababa
You can attach a
? modifier to the quantifier to enable frugal matching:
'abababa' ~~ /a .*? a/ && say ~$/; # aba
You can also explicitly request greedy matching with the
! modifier.
Preventing backtracking: :
You can prevent backtracking in regexes by attaching a
: modifier to the quantifier:
say so 'abababa' ~~ /a .* aba/; # True
say so 'abababa' ~~ /a .*: aba/; # False
To match one of several possible alternatives, separate them by
||; the first matching alternative wins.
For example,
ini files have the following form:
key = value
Hence, if you parse a single line of an
ini file, it can be either a section or a key-value pair and the regex would be (to a first approximation):
/ '[' \w+ ']' || \S+ \s* '=' \s* \S* /
That is, either a word surrounded by square brackets, or a string of non-whitespace characters, followed by zero or more spaces, followed by the equals sign
=, followed again by optional whitespace, followed by another string of non-whitespace characters.
Longest Alternation
In regexes branches separated by
|, the longest match wins, independent of the lexical ordering in the regexes.
say ('abc' ~~ / a | .b /).Str; # ab
The regex engine tries to find a match inside a string by searching from left to right.
say so 'properly' ~~ / perl/; # True
# ^^^^
But sometimes this is not what you want. For instance, you might want to match the whole string, or a whole line, or one or several whole words. Anchors or assertions can help you with this by limiting where they match.
Anchors need to match successfully in order for the whole regex to match but they do not use up characters while matching.
^, Start of String and
$, End of String
^ assertion only matches at the start of the string:
say so 'properly' ~~ / perl/; # True
say so 'properly' ~~ /^ perl/; # False
say so 'perly' ~~ /^ perl/; # True
say so 'perl' ~~ /^ perl/; # True
$ assertion only matches at the end of the string:
say so 'use perl' ~~ / perl /; # True
say so 'use perl' ~~ / perl $/; # True
say so 'perly' ~~ / perl $/; # False
You can, of course, combine both anchors:
say so 'use perl' ~~ /^ perl $/; # False
say so 'perl' ~~ /^ perl $/; # True
Keep in mind, these anchors match end of string, not line:
my $str = q:to/EOS/;
Keep it secret
and keep it safe
say so $str ~~ /safe $/; # True
say so $str ~~ /secret $/; # False
say so $str ~~ /^Keep /; # True
say so $str ~~ /^and /; # False
^^, Start of Line and
$$, End of Line
^^ assertion matches at the start of a logical line. That is, either at the start of the string, or after a newline character. It does not match at the end of the string, even if it ends with a newline character.
$$ matches only at the end of a logical line, that is, before a newline character, or at the end of the string when the last character is not a newline character.
(To understand the following example, it is important to know that the
q:to/EOS/...EOS "heredoc" syntax removes leading indention to the same level as the
EOS marker, so that the first, second and last lines have no leading space and the third and fourth lines have two leading spaces each).
my $str = q:to/EOS/;
There was a young man of Japan
Whose limericks never would scan.
When asked why this was,
He replied "It's because
I always try to fit as many syllables into the last line as ever I possibly can."
say so $str ~~ /^^ There/; # True (start of string)
say so $str ~~ /^^ limericks/; # False (not at the start of a line)
say so $str ~~ /^^ I/; # True (start of the last line)
say so $str ~~ /^^ When/; # False (there are blanks between
# start of line and the "When")
say so $str ~~ / Japan $$/; # True (end of first line)
say so $str ~~ / scan $$/; # False (there is a . between "scan"
# and the end of line)
say so $str ~~ / '."' $$/; # True (at the last line)
<< and
>> , left and right word boundary
<< matches a left word boundary: it matches positions where there is a non-word character at the left (or the start of the string) and a word character to the right.
>> matches a right word boundary: it matches positions where there is a word character at the left and a non-word character at the right (or the end of the string).
my $str = 'The quick brown fox';
say so $str ~~ /br/; # True
say so $str ~~ /<< br/; # True
say so $str ~~ /br >>/; # False
say so $str ~~ /own/; # True
say so $str ~~ /<< own/; # False
say so $str ~~ /own >>/; # True
You can also use this variant:
say so $str ~~ /« own/; # False
say so $str ~~ /own »/; # True
Grouping and Capturing
In regular (non-regex) Perl 6, you can use parentheses to group things together, usually to override operator precedence:
say 1 + 4 * 2; # 9, because it is parsed as 1 + (4 * 2)
say (1 + 4) * 2; # 10
The same grouping facility is available in regexes:
/ a || b c / # matches 'a' or 'bc'
/ ( a || b ) c / # matches 'ac' or 'bc'
The same grouping applies to quantifiers:
/ a b+ / # Matches an 'a' followed by one or more 'b's
/ (a b)+ / # Matches one or more sequences of 'ab'
/ (a || b)+ / # Matches a sequence of 'a's and 'b's, at least one long
An unquantified capture produces a Match object. When a capture is quantified (except with the
? quantifier) the capture becomes a list of Match objects instead.
The round parentheses don't just group, they also capture; that is, they make the string matched within the group available as a variable, and also as an element of the resulting Match object:
my $str = 'number 42';
if $str ~~ /'number ' (\d+) / {
say "The number is $0"; # the number is 42
# or
say "The number is $/[0]"; # the number is 42
Pairs of parentheses are numbered left to right, starting from zero.
if 'abc' ~~ /(a) b (c)/ {
say "0: $0; 1: $1"; # 0: a; 1: c
$0 and
$1 etc. syntax is actually just a shorthand; these captures are canonically available from the match object
$/ by using it as a list, so
$0 is actually syntax sugar for
Coercing the match object to a list gives an easy way to programmatically access all elements:
if 'abc' ~~ /(a) b (c)/ {
say $/.list.join: ', ' # a, c
Non-capturing grouping
The parentheses in regexes perform a double role: they group the regex elements inside and they capture what is matched by the sub-regex inside.
To get only the grouping behavior, you can use square brackets
[ ... ] instead.
if 'abc' ~~ / [a||b] (c) / {
say ~$0; # c
If you do not need the captures, using non-capturing groups provides three benefits: it communicates the intent more clearly, it makes it easier to count the capturing groups that you do care about and it is a bit faster.
Capture numbers
It is stated above that captures are numbered from left to right. While true in principle, this is also overly simplistic.
The following rules are listed for the sake of completeness; when you find yourself using them regularly, it is worth considering named captures (and possibly subrules) instead.
Alternations reset the capture count:
/ (x) (y) || (a) (.) (.) /
# $0 $1 $0 $1 $2
if 'abc' ~~ /(x)(y) || (a)(.)(.)/ {
say ~$1; # b
If two (or more) alternations have a different number of captures, the one with the most captures determines the index of the next capture:
$_ = 'abcd';
if / a [ b (.) || (x) (y) ] (.) / {
# $0 $0 $1 $2
say ~$2; # d
Captures can be nested, in which case they are numbered per level
if 'abc' ~~ / ( a (.) (.) ) / {
say "Outer: $0"; # Outer: abc
say "Inner: $0[0] and $0[1]"; # Inner: b and c
Named captures
Instead of numbering captures, you can also give them names. The generic -- and slightly verbose – way of naming captures is like this:
if 'abc' ~~ / $<myname> = [ \w+ ] / {
say ~$<myname> # abc
The access to the named capture,
$<myname> , is a shorthand for indexing the match object as a hash, in other words:
$/{ 'myname' } or
$/<myname> .
Named captures can also be nested using regular capture group syntax:
if 'abc-abc-abc' ~~ / $<string>=( [ $<part>=[abc] ]* % '-' ) / {
say ~$<string>; # abc-abc-abc
say ~$<string><part>; # [abc, abc, abc]
Coercing the match object to a hash gives you easy programmatic access to all named captures:
if 'count=23' ~~ / $<variable>=\w+ '=' $<value>=\w+ / {
my %h = $/.hash;
say %h.keys.sort.join: ', '; # value, variable
say %h.values.sort.join: ', '; # 23, count
for %h.kv -> $k, $v {
say "Found value '$v' with key '$k'";
# outputs two lines:
# Found value 'count' with key 'variable'
# Found value '23' with key 'value'
There is a more convenient way to get named captures which is discussed in the section on Subrules.
Regular expressions can also be used to substitute one piece of text for another. You can use this for anything from correcting a spelling error (for instance, replacing 'Perl Jam' with 'Pearl Jam') to reformatting an ISO8601 date from
yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssZ to
mm-dd-yy h:m {AM,PM} and beyond.
Just like the search-and-replace editor's dialog box, the
s/ / / operator has two sides, a left and right side. The left side is where your matching expression goes, and the right-hand side is what you want to replace it with.
Lexical conventions
Substitutions are written similarly to matching, but the substitution operator has both an area for the text to substitute, and the text to be substituted:
s/replace/with/; # a substitution that is applied to $_
$str ~~ s/replace/with/; # a substitution applied to a scalar
The substitution operator allows delimiters other than the slash:
Note that neither the colon
: nor balancing delimiters such as
{} or
() can be delimiters. Colons clash with adverbs such as
s:i/Foo/bar/ and the other delimiters are used for other purposes.
Like the
m// operator, whitespace is ignored in general. Comments, as in Perl 6 in general, start with the hash character
# and go to the end of the current line.
Replacing literals
The simplest thing to replace is a literal string. The string you want to replace goes on the left-hand side of the substitution operator, and the string you want to replace it with goes on the right-hand side, like so:
$_ = 'The Replacements';
.say; # The Entrapments
Alphanumeric characters and the underscore are literal matches, just as in its cousin the
m// operator. All other characters must be escaped with a backslash
\ or included in quotes:
$_ = 'Space: 1999';
s/Space\:/Party like it's/;
.say # Party like it's 1999
Note that the matching restrictions only apply to the left-hand side of the substitution expression.
By default, substitutions are only done once per string, this is to mitigate unexpected consequences:
$_ = 'There can be twly two';
s/tw/on/; # Replace 'tw' with 'on' once
.say; # There can be only two
Wildcards and character classes
Anything that can go into the
m// operator can go into the left-hand side of the substitution operator, including wildcards and character classes. This is handy when the text you're matching isn't static, such as trying to match a number in the middle of a string:
$_ = "Blake's 9";
s/\d+/7/; # Replace any sequence of digits with '7'
.say; # Blake's 7
Of course, you can use any of the
* and
? modifiers, and they'll behave just as they would in the
m// operator's context.
Capturing Groups
Just as in the match operator, capturing groups are allowed on the left-hand side, and the matched contents populate the
$n variables and the
$/ object:
$_ = '2016-01-23 18:09:00';
s/ (\d+)\-(\d+)\-(\d+) /today/; # Replace YYYY-MM-DD with 'today'
.say; # today 18:09:00
"$1-$2-$0".say; # 01-23-2016
"$/[1]-$/[2]-$/[0]".say; # 01-23-2016
Any of these variables
$/ can be used on the right-hand side of the operator as well, so you can manipulate what you've just matched. This way you can separate out the
MM and
DD parts of a date and reformat them into
MM-DD-YYYY order:
$_ = '2016-01-23 18:09:00';
s/ (\d+)\-(\d+)\-(\d+) /$1-$2-$0/; # Transform YYYY-MM-DD to MM-DD-YYYY
.say; # 01-23-2016 18:09:00
Since the right-hand side is effectively a regular Perl 6 interpolated string, you can reformat the time from
HH:MM to
h:MM {AM,PM} like so:
$_ = '18:38';
s/(\d+)\:(\d+)/{$0 % 12}\:$1 {$0 < 12 ?? 'AM' !! 'PM'}/;
.say; # 6:38 PM
Using the modulo
% operator above keeps the sample code under 80 characters, but is otherwise the same as
$0 < 12 ?? $0 !! $0 - 12 . When combined with the power of the Parser Expression Grammars that really underlies what you're seeing here, you can use "regular expressions" to parse pretty much any language out there.
Common adverbs
The full list of adverbs that you can apply to regular expressions can be found elsewhere in this document (section Adverbs), but the most common modifiers that you will use are probably
:g and
Global adverb
Ordinarily substitutions are only made once in a given string, but adding the
:g modifier overrides that behavior, so that replacements are made everywhere possible. Substitutions are non-recursive, so for instance:
$_ = q{I can say "banana" but I don't know when to stop};
s:g/na/nana,/; # Substitute 'nana,' for 'na'
.say; # I can say "banana,nana," but I don't ...
Even though the substitution doubled the number of
na's in the string, the substitution only took place twice. Which is to say the substitution only applies to the original string; the targeted string does not count.
Insensitive adverb
Substitutions are normally case-sensitive, so that
s/foo/bar/ will only match
'foo' and not
'Foo'. The
:i adverb makes matching case-insensitive:
$_ = 'STAR TREK Into Darkness';
s/'Trek Into'/TREK\: Into/; # Someone forgot the colon?
.say; # STAR TREK Into Darkness
s:i/'Trek into'/TREK\: Into/; # Thereifixedit
.say; # STAR TREK: Into Darkness
If you want more in-depth descriptions of what these adverbs are actually doing, look in the section Adverbs section of this document.
These are just a few of the transformations you can apply with the substitution operator. Some of the simpler uses in the real world include removing personal data from log files, editing mySQL timestamps into PostgreSQL format, changing copyright information in HTML files and sanitizing form fields in a web application.
As an aside, novices to regular expressions often get overwhelmed and think that their regular expression needs to match every piece of data in the line, including what they want to match. Write just enough to match the data you're looking for, no more, no less.
Just like you can put pieces of code into subroutines, you can also put pieces of regex into named rules.
my regex line { \N*\n }
if "abc\ndef" ~~ /<line> def/ {
say "First line: ", $<line>.chomp; # First line: abc
A named regex can be declared with
my regex thename { body here }, and called with
<thename> . At the same time, calling a named regex installs a named capture with the same name.
If the capture should be of a different name, this can be achieved with the syntax
<capturename=regexname> . If no capture at all is desired, a leading dot will suppress it:
<.regexname> .
Here is a more complete (yet still fairly limited) code for parsing
ini files:
my regex header { \s* '[' (\w+) ']' \h* \n+ }
my regex identifier { \w+ }
my regex kvpair { \s* <key=identifier> '=' <value=identifier> \n+ }
my regex section {
my $contents = q:to/EOI/;
my %config;
if $contents ~~ /<section>*/ {
for $<section>.list -> $section {
my %section;
for $section<kvpair>.list -> $p {
say $p<value>;
%section{ $p<key> } = ~$p<value>;
%config{ $section<header>[0] } = %section;
say %config.perl;
# ("passwords" => {"jack" => "password1", "joy" => "muchmoresecure123"},
# "quotas" => {"jack" => "123", "joy" => "42"}).hash
Named regexes can and should be grouped in grammars. A list of predefined subrules is listed in S05.
Adverbs modify how regexes work and give very convenient shortcuts for certain kinds of recurring tasks.
There are two kinds of adverbs: regex adverbs apply at the point where a regex is defined and matching adverbs apply at the point that a regex matches against a string.
This distinction often blurs, because matching and declaration are often textually close but using the method form of matching makes the distinction clear.
'abc' ~~ /../ is roughly equivalent to
'abc'.match(/../), or even more clearly written in separate lines:
my $regex = /../; # definition
if 'abc'.match($regex) { # matching
say "'abc' has at least two characters";
Regex adverbs like
:i go into the definition line and matching adverbs like
:overlap are appended to the match call:
my $regex = /:i . a/;
for 'baA'.match($regex, :overlap) -> $m {
say ~$m;
# output:
# ba
# aA
Regex Adverbs
Adverbs that appear at the time of a regex declaration are part of the actual regex and influence how the Perl 6 compiler translates the regex into binary code.
For example, the
:ignorecase (
:i) adverb tells the compiler to ignore the distinction between upper case, lower case and title case letters.
'a' ~~ /A/ is false, but
'a' ~~ /:i A/ is a successful match.
Regex adverbs can come before or inside a regex declaration and only affect the part of the regex that comes afterwards, lexically.
These two regexes are equivalent:
my $rx1 = rx:i/a/; # before
my $rx2 = rx/:i a/; # inside
Whereas these two are not:
my $rx3 = rx/a :i b/; # matches only the b case insensitively
my $rx4 = rx/:i a b/; # matches completely case insensitively
Brackets and parentheses limit the scope of an adverb:
/ (:i a b) c /; # matches 'ABc' but not 'ABC'
/ [:i a b] c /; # matches 'ABc' but not 'ABC'
:ratchet or
:r adverb causes the regex engine not to backtrack.
Without this adverb, parts of a regex will try different ways to match a string in order to make it possible for other parts of the regex to match. For example in
'abc' ~~ /\w+ ./, the
\w+ first eats up the whole string,
abc but then the
. fails. Thus
\w+ gives up a character, matching only
ab, and the
. can successfully match the string
c. This process of giving up characters (or in the case of alternations, trying a different branch) is known as backtracking.
say so 'abc' ~~ / \w+ . /; # True
say so 'abc' ~~ / :r \w+ . /; # False
Ratcheting can be an optimization, because backtracking is costly. But more importantly, it closely corresponds to how humans parse a text. If you have a regex
my regex identifier { \w+ } and
my regex keyword { if | else | endif }, you intuitively expect the
identifier to gobble up a whole word and not have it give up its end to the next rule, if the next rule otherwise fails. For instance, you don't expect the word
motif to be parsed as the identifier
mot followed by the keyword
if; rather you expect
motif to be parsed as one identifier and if the parser expects an
if afterwards, rather have it fail than parse the input in a way you don't expect.
Since ratcheting behavior is so often desirable in parsers, there is a shortcut to declaring a ratcheting regex:
my token thing { .... }
# short for
my regex thing { :r ... }
:sigspace or
:s adverb makes whitespace significant in a regex.
say so "I used Photoshop®" ~~ m:i/ photo shop /; # True say so "I used a photo shop" ~~ m:i:s/ photo shop /; # True say so "I used Photoshop®" ~~ m:i:s/ photo shop /; # False
m:s/ photo shop / acts just the same as if one had written
m/ photo <.ws> shop <.ws> /. By default,
<.ws> makes sure that words are separated, so
a b and
^& will match
<.ws> in the middle, but
ab won't.
Where whitespace in a regex turns into
<.ws> depends on what comes before the whitespace. In the above example, whitespace in the beginning of a regex doesn't turn into
<.ws>, but whitespace after characters does. In general, the rule is that if a term might match something, whitespace after it will turn into
In addition, if whitespace comes after a term, but before a quantifier (
*, or
<.ws> will be matched after every match of the term, so
foo + becomes
[ foo <.ws> ]+. On the other hand, whitespace after a quantifier acts as normal significant whitespace, e.g., "
foo+ " becomes
foo+ <.ws>.
In all, this code:
rx :s {
say "No sigspace after this";
ws_separated_characters *
| some "stuff" .. .
| $$
:my $foo = "no ws after this";
rx { ^^ <.ws> { say "No space after this"; } <.assertion_and_then_ws> <.ws> characters_with_ws_after+ <.ws> [ws_separated_characters <.ws>]* <.ws> [ | some <.ws> "stuff" <.ws> .. <.ws> . <.ws> | $$ <.ws> ] <.ws> :my $foo = "no ws after this"; $foo <.ws> }
If a regex is declared with the
rule keyword, both the
:sigspace and
:ratchet adverbs are implied.
Grammars provide an easy way to override what
<.ws> matches:
grammar Demo {
token ws {
<!ww> # only match when not within a word
\h* # only match horizontal whitespace
rule TOP { # called by Demo.parse;
a b '.'
# doesn't parse, whitespace required between a and b
say so Demo.parse("ab."); # False
say so Demo.parse("a b."); # True
say so Demo.parse("a\tb ."); # True
# \n is vertical whitespace, so no match
say so Demo.parse("a\tb\n."); # False
When parsing file formats where some whitespace (for example vertical whitespace) is significant, it is advisable to override
Matching adverbs
In contrast to regex adverbs, which are tied to the declaration of a regex, matching adverbs only make sense while matching a string against a regex.
They can never appear inside a regex, only on the outside – either as part of an
m/.../ match or as arguments to a match method.
:continue or short
:c adverb takes an argument. The argument is the position where the regex should start to search. By default, it searches from the start of the string, but
:c overrides that. If no position is specified for
:c it will default to
0 unless
$/ is set, in which case it defaults to
given 'a1xa2' {
say ~m/a./; # a1
say ~m:c(2)/a./; # a2
To find all possible matches of a regex – including overlapping ones – and several ones that start at the same position, use the
:exhaustive (short
:ex) adverb.
given 'abracadabra' {
for m:exhaustive/ a .* a / -> $match {
say ' ' x $match.from, ~$match;
The above code produces this output:
Instead of searching for just one match and returning a Match object, search for every non-overlapping match and return them in a List. In order to do this use the
:global adverb:
given 'several words here' {
my @matches = m:global/\w+/;
say @matches.elems; # 3
say ~@matches[2]; # here
:g is shorthand for
Anchor the match at a specific position in the string:
given 'abcdef' {
my $match = m:pos(2)/.*/;
say $match.from; # 2
say ~$match; # cdef
:p is shorthand for
To get several matches, including overlapping matches, but only one (the longest) from each starting position, specify the
:overlap (short
:ov) adverb:
given 'abracadabra' {
for m:overlap/ a .* a / -> $match {
say ' ' x $match.from, ~$match;
Look-around assertions
Lookahead assertions
To check that a pattern appears before another pattern, one can use a lookahead assertion via the
before assertion. This has the form:
<?before pattern>
Thus, to search for the string
foo which is immediately followed by the string
bar, one could use the following regexp:
rx{ foo <?before bar> }
which one could use like so:
say "foobar" ~~ rx{ foo <?before bar> }; #-> foo
However, if you want to search for a pattern which is not immediately followed by some pattern, then you need to use a negative lookahead assertion, this has the form:
<!before pattern>
Hence all occurrences of
foo which is not before
bar would be matched by
rx{ foo <!before bar> }
Lookbehind assertions
To check that a pattern appears before another pattern, one can use a lookbehind assertion via the
after assertion. This has the form:
<?after pattern>
Thus, to search for the string
bar which is immediately preceded by the string
foo, one could use the following regexp:
rx{ <?after foo> bar }
which one could use like so:
say "foobar" ~~ rx{ <?after foo> bar }; #-> bar
However, if you want to search for a pattern which is not immediately preceded by some pattern, then you need to use a negative lookbehind assertion, this has the form:
<!after pattern>
Hence all occurrences of
bar which do not have
foo before them would be matched by
rx{ <!after foo> bar }
Best practices and gotchas
Regexes and grammars are a whole programming paradigm that you have to learn (if you don't already know it very well).
To help you write robust regexes and grammars, here are some best practices that the authors have found useful. These range from small-scale code layout issues to what actually to match, and help to avoid common pitfalls and writing unreadable code.
Code layout
Without the
:sigspace adverb, whitespace is not significant in Perl 6 regexes. Use that to your own advantage and insert whitespace where it increases readability. Also insert comments where necessary.
Compare the very compact
my regex float { <[+-]>?\d*'.'\d+[e<[+-]>?\d+]? }
to the more readable
my regex float {
<[+-]>? # optional sign
\d* # leading digits, optional
[ # optional exponent
e <[+-]>? \d+
As a rule of thumb, use whitespace around atoms and inside groups. Put quantifiers directly after the atom, without inserting a blank. Vertically align opening and closing brackets and parentheses.
When you use a list of alternations inside a parenthesis or brackets, align the vertical bars:
my regex example {
|| <choice_1>
|| <choice_2>
|| <choice_3>
Keep it small
Regexes come with very little boilerplate, so they are often more compact than regular code. Thus it is important to keep regexes short.
When you can come up with name for a part of a regex, it is usually best to put it into a separate, named regex.
For example you could take the float regex from earlier:
my regex float {
<[+-]>? # optional sign
\d* # leading digits, optional
[ # optional exponent
e <[+-]>? \d+
And decompose it into parts:
my token sign { <[+-]> }
my token decimal { \d+ }
my token exponent { 'e' <sign>? <decimal> }
my regex float {
That helps especially when the regex becomes more complicated. For example you might want to make the decimal point optional if an exponent is there.
my regex float {
|| <decimal>? '.' <decimal> <exponent>?
|| <decimal> <exponent>
What to match
Often the input data format has no clear-cut specification, or the specification is not known to the programmer. Then it is good to be liberal in what you expect, but only as long as there are no ambiguities possible.
For example in
ini files:
What can be inside the section header? Allowing only a word might be too restrictive, somebody might write
[two words], or use dashes, or so. Instead of asking what's allowed on the inside, it might be worth asking instead: what's not allowed?
Clearly, closing brackets are not allowed, because
[a]b] would be rather ambiguous. By the same argument, opening brackets should be forbidden. This leaves us with
token header { '[' <-[ \[\] ]>+ ']' }
which is fine if you are only processing one line. But if you're processing a whole file, suddenly the regex parses
[with a
newline in between]
which might not be a good idea. A pragmatic compromise would be
token header { '[' <-[ \[\] \n ]>+ ']' }
and then, in the post-processing, strip leading and trailing spaces and tabs from the section header.
Matching Whitespace
:sigspace adverb (or using the
rule declarator instead of
token or
regex) is very handy for implicitly parsing whitespace that can appear in many places.
Going back to the example of parsing
ini files, we have
my regex kvpair { \s* <key=identifier> '=' <value=identifier> \n+ }
which is probably not as liberal as we want it to be. Since the user might put spaces around the equals sign, it should rather read
my regex kvpair { \s* <key=identifier> \s* '=' \s* <value=identifier> \n+ }
That's growing unwieldy pretty quickly. So instead one can write
my rule kvpair { <key=identifier> '=' <value=identifier> \n+ }
But wait! The implicit whitespace matching after the value uses up all whitespace, including newline characters, so the
\n+ doesn't have anything left to match (and
rule also disables backtracking, so no luck here).
Therefore it is important to redefine your definition of implicit whitespace to whitespace that is not significant in the input format.
This works by redefining the token
ws, however it only works in grammars:
grammar IniFormat {
token ws { <!ww> \h* }
rule header { \s* '[' (\w+) ']' \n+ }
token identifier { \w+ }
rule kvpair { \s* <key=identifier> '=' <value=identifier> \n+ }
token section {
token TOP {
my $contents = q:to/EOI/;
jack = password1
joy = muchmoresecure123
jack = 123
joy = 42
say so IniFormat.parse($contents);
Besides putting all regexes into a grammar and turning them into tokens (because they don't need to backtrack anyway) the interesting new bit is
token ws { <!ww> \h* }
which gets called for implicit whitespace parsing. It matches when it is not between two word characters (
<!ww> , negated "within word" assertion), and zero or more horizontal space characters. The limitation to horizontal whitespace is important, because newlines (which are vertical whitespace) delimit records and shouldn't be matched implicitly.
Still there is some whitespace-related trouble lurking. The regex
\n+ won't match a string like
"\n \n", because there is a blank between the two newlines. To allow such input strings, replace
\n+ by


text:
Dr. Denise Mark is an internist in Carmel, CA. She is trained to diagnose & treat an extensive variety of diseases & illnesses in adults.
We invite you to write a review about your experience with Dr. Mark.
Find potential causes and treatment options with the MD.com Symptom Checker.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lattice Code Design for the Rayleigh Fading Wiretap Channel
It has been shown recently that coding for the Gaussian Wiretap Channel can be done with nested lattices. A fine lattice intended to the legitimate user must be designed as a usual lattice code for the Gaussian Channel, while a coarse lattice is added to introduce confusion at the eavesdropper, whose theta series must be minimized. The authors present a design criterion for both the fine and coarse lattice to obtain wiretap lattice codes for the Rayleigh fading Wiretap Channel.
Provided by: Telecom ParisTech Topic: Mobility Date Added: Dec 2010 Format: PDF


text:
Collared Lab Coat, Male, S, Light Blue
close x
Using 360° Viewing:
- Rotate: Use top-to-bottom, side-to-side by use of mouse arrow.
- Zoom In: Double click on image.
- Zoom Out/Reset: Put photo at full zoom & then double click.
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Product Details
This lab coat features a plastic, button-front closure, adjustable back belt, 3 front pockets, and 2 side pockets. It also features a polyester blend material construction.
Technical Specs
- Item Collared Lab Coat
- Gender Men's
- Size S
- Fits Chest Size 36 to 38"
- Color Light Blue
- Material Polyester/Cotton
- Length 42"
- Closure Type Buttons
- Cuff Style Open
- Number of Pockets 3
How can we improve our Technical Specifications?
Compliance and Restrictions
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Alternate Products may not be identical in style or function to original selection. Please compare below for more information.
Item # 4TVP7CONDOR
Price $61.05 / each
Alternate Search Terms
Protective Clothing (33168)
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Apparel (32961)
Laboratory Clothing (1230)
Laboratory Coats (613)


text:
Dakota & Kevin - VideoBoys
Models: Dakota Wallace and Kevin
Studio: Video Boys
Dakota is in his best shape ever and has really been wanting to do more duos for Videoboys. But monogamy had been holding him back... until last month when Dakota became a free man. Free to screw whomever he pleased. And he was pleased to screw Kevin who has been on Dakota's "People to Screw" list for over a year. They used to work together and were always flirting but never closed the deal until today.


text:
An asinine adventure through the world of high fantasy.4.47 / 5.00 2,328 Views
Nothing To Fear
Super villainy at its worst ...4.17 / 5.00 3,406 Views
The Ascent of Alfred
Make Alfred Great Again4.10 / 5.00 11,605 Views
Log in to save your medals! Don't have an account? Create one for free!
My first official analysis:
First off, I would like to put this in one of my favorites because of:
A. The difficulty of the medal challenges
B. How awesome it is to see all those bullets passing you, wondering how you live through it all
C. How awesome it feels that you got the hardest challenge in a couple of days.
Secondly, love the choice of all the characters. I used NoLegs most of the game, but when I got to the final character by amount of enemies defeated, it helped me finish.
Finally, love the music and backgrounds, especially in the final 5 levels.
Overall, it's a great game and great challenge. keep up the wonderful work. :)
Another cool game by matt, good job matt! ^_^
natalie unlocks if you get the medal "Kill 1000 foes in total"
lance unlocks if you get the medal "Kill 2000 foes in total"
Good game Matt! And please fix this bugs:
1. Why when I collect a shield then I die?
2. Why I complete LVL 19 my progess is restarted?
Hope you fix the bugs. And make more games too!
(HFX too, great music!)
Thanks kupo you always know what I like! It must be a SIGN!
You rule kupo!


text:
Digital Camera Batteries
1 Result Found that Includes 1 Product
How can we improve the Search Experience?
- Lithium Ion Camera Battery; Replaces Panasonic DMW-BCH7 Camera Battery, Fits Panasonic Brand Cameras
- Item # 13J909
- Mfr. Model # DLZ306P
Camera Battery, Fits Brand Panasonic, Fits Model Lumix DMC-FP1, DMC-FP2, DMC-FP3, Replaces Panasonic...More
Price $44.60 / each
Catalog Page # NA
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Note: Product availability is real-time basis and adjusted continuously. The product will be reserved for you when you complete your order. More


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Joins two or more screens for a really wide presentation. Clamps join screen frames from back, then L-shaped section wraps to front and accepts snaps on masking strips. Add a masking strip (optional) to conceal hardware and provide image continuity. White masking available for use with matt white; black for Cineflex.


text:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alberta, Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Peterborough, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria
Costa Rica
Czech Republic
Saudia Arabia
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom
Belfast, Edinburgh, Glasgow, London, Nottingham, Oxford, York
United States
Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit, Duke University NC, Houston, Las Vegas, Lawrence KS, Los Angeles, Lubbock TX, Manhattan KS, New Orleans, New York City, Pittsburgh, Twin Cities
Some people yelled a lot of sexual derogatory comments when I was on my way to a job interview.
no comments
I was in a beach area walking with my parents, when a bunch of college aged guys in a pickup truck hollered in our direction and sped off. It was embarrassing since my parents were there otherwise I would've told them to shove it.
no comments
I was out walking my dog around 7:30AM while wearing a knee-length dress. As I approach the street corner, I feel something touch the back of my leg. I whip my head around and see a young man with a backpack pulling a phone away from the hem of my dress. I'm stunned for a moment. He walks ahead and I start to realize what he was doing.
I shout after him and give him a look of anger and confusion. He tries to brush it off. He tells me I'm beautiful and asks if I have a man. I'm still just in awe that he thought this was acceptable. I tell him to leave me alone and he speeds off. Should've taken a picture of him.
no comments
While walking down the street with my friend we were stopped by the group of three men. One of them groped her. Also, the verbal harassment took place. After we escaped from them they were following us and screaming humiliating phrases. We run into my friend's house to be safe.
On a regular basis i have felt a sense of someone watching me in my bedroom . The person always leaves some sort of signal such as a flashing light switching on and of everytime i enter the room. I have tried to ignore it but this along with the occasional artefact left outside of my house is becoming increasingly creepy .
no comments
I'm often in a very happy state of being, and I desire to help others, unless you're a street harasser. Then, I seem to see red and harass the offender by following him and questioning his purpose in life. And yelling. Lots of yelling….it worked though. He was awful shy when up close, saying things like "You betta not touch me!" Of course I would not touch him. As soon as the security guard came to chase him off, he went right back to shouting "Fuck you, bitch!"
In the end, I hope he thinks before he goes after women again. They might just go after him, and some might be even more severe than me.
no comments
Man got up in my face and asked if I "was having a good evening, since I was a pretty young thing." Backed off after I offered no response.
no comments
When going out in public, I will get harassed if I'm alone about 90% of the time. Tonight, I was running Favors on my motorcycle, which is one of my jobs, and I not only watched other women get cat calls, but I'd get men hanging out of their cars and yelling nonsense like "Puuuussssyy!!", making kissing noises, etc. Whenever possible, I've turned to them and said "Darlin', that doesn't even make any sense". And it works. They back peddle. It's bizarre.
Tonight, I walked up to a stranger and asked him if he knew of a coffee shop nearby that was still open. He proceeded to say "Baby, you lookin' to drink some coffee? I know exactly where you should go", asked if he could get coffee with me, said yes he knew of a place, and then was not really able to tell me where it was, or the name, or anything actually useful. Eventually, I walked away from him saying "I guess you can't help me. Thank you though. " He then proceeded to ask me for a dollar. When I shook my head, he started to say "I hope you crash on your motorcycle" "I hope you die" "I hope you get hurt." I turned around, and said "That doesn't even make any sense. First, you hit on me, ask me out for coffee, and now you wish me bad luck? What the hell are you talking about?" He then went on to shout random compliments at me, saying " I hope God blesses you", "I hope the angels smile upon you.", "I love you", etc, etc. When he started to walk up to me and reach towards me, I ended up doing something that I thought was the best idea at the time: I pulled out my phone, and said "I'm going to have to call the police on you darling if you come any closer to me." He stopped, turned around, and walked away. It actually worked!
no comments
whispered guapa at me as I walked past
I was walking by myself in a wooded/residential area and noticed a sketchy looking guy with a bike at the end of a street. I turned around to walk back the way I came and he got on his bike and slowly passed me, saying "hey how you doing." I ignored him and he got into a car, and then several guys started calling out, laughing, saying "damn shorty what you doing." They drove off and deliberately veered the car close to me. I was scared to respond because I was alone.


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love, indifference, and everything in between
The list
Lulu Cheng
Basically this boils down to the
Traffic Test
: "Do I like hanging out with you so much that if we're driving somewhere I would welcome being stuck in traffic so we could spend more time together?" If you dissect this a bit more, I think the component pieces are:...
Two (incompatible?) truths
Lulu Cheng
Truism 1
You, and you alone, are in charge of your own happiness. You can't expect to be loved by someone else if you don't love yourself.
Why I can never really say goodbye to all that
Lulu Cheng
It's been a year and a half since I moved away from New York, but anytime anyone—be it friend, acquaintance, or stranger—mentions that they live, have lived, or know someone who lives in the city, I can't resist asking, "Oh, what neighborhood?"
I hope the answer is somewhere in Manhattan (or Br...


text:
We put local people back in control, giving them the resources they need to keep their forest intact. And by saving at-risk rainforest, we form shields for millions of acres of neighbouring forest.
When Gadaisu village in Papua New Guinea contacted Cool Earth, they were desperate to save their forest. Palm Oil companies…Read More Orangerie Bay: One year on
We're really excited to announce a new Cool Earth collaborator. Vianet D'jenguet is an incredibly talented film-maker and intrepid explorer.…Read More A trip to the Congo
Thanks to our supporters, Cool Earth can address the causes of deforestation rather than the symptoms: the poverty, the lack…Read More Healthy Family, Healthy Forest
Our Asháninka Project in central Peru is working alongside 15 villages to form a shield to halt the advance of logging and protect millions of acres of pristine rainforest.
Our first project outside of the Amazon is working with 5 villages in eastern DR Congo to form a buffer for two neighbouring national parks.
Located in one of Peru's worst deforestation hotspots, we're partnering with 6 Awajún villages to defend their vunerable forest.
Helping three villages turn down the off of a palm oil contract to prevent 140,000 acres of primary forest being converted into monoculture
Strengthening the capacity of six villages in PNG's Highlands so they are best placed to make decisions on the future of their forest.
Of all the drivers of deforestation, palm oil is the worst. An ecosystem that has taken millions of years to evolve is destroyed in a matter of days.
Supporting Cool Earth means we can offer a lifeline to villages desperate to keep their trees safe. By putting the right people back in control, we can save the world's most at-risk rainforest.


text:
The combination of general societal sanctions, low levels of knowledge, and absence of professional intervention served to confirm the adolescents' beliefs that severe, intolerable, and ongoing psychologic distress would accompany giving viagra and nitrates treatment up an infant for adoption. Adolescents are more likely to give an accurate history if assured that whatever information they provide is not shared with others unless safety is an issue, as in suspected abuse/neglect or suicidal ideation. General Health Care for Adolescent Women Confidentiality is a major issue in dealing with adolescent patients. Conveying this information to both patients and parents at the initial visit is helpful (Brown-Jones and Orr 1989). Whereas late adolescents conform to maintain the respect of impartial observers and avoid selfcondemnation , this conclusion gains additional strength when considered in the context of psychosocial development—middle adolescents conform to societal standards to avoid censure by authority figures.
Adolescents may have difficulty communicating information about sexuality to adults who resemble parental authority figures, even with this assurance.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma validation of present selection viagra and nitrates treatment criteria in predicting outcome. Expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. 1996;344(10):743-8. 2001;10(6):971-4. [158] Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, Watson JJ, Bacchetti P, Venook A, et al.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. [107] Shetty K, Timmins K, Brensinger C, Furth EE, Rattan S, Sun W, et al.
Am J viagra and nitrates treatment Infect Control 1996;23:620–582. Walsh TJ, Teppler H, Donowitz GR, et al. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. N Engl J Med 2003;401(14):1381–1492.
Data summary from January 1987-May viagra and nitrates treatment 2000. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. N Engl J Med 2002;406:325–284.
Caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia.
Several fMRI studies have viagra and nitrates treatment identified PFC activation associated with retrieval mode, finally. Cabeza and colleagues (2001) compared an episodic retrieval task with a working memory task, and found increased activation during the episodic retrieval task in bilateral anterior PFC (BA 11). The authors argued that it may take at least two trials for retrieval-mode neural activity to engage. Thus, two events—a task cue viagra and nitrates treatment (instruction) followed by a retrieval cue (new or old word)— made up each trial. Therefore, the ERP data across several studies suggest a right-lateralized locus for retrieval mode, at least when episodic retrieval is contrasted with semantic retrieval.
The characteristic ERP signal was observed during the "preparatory" response to the task-cue (instruction), but only on the second and subsequent consecutive presentations of an episodic trial (when two or more episodic trials occurred consecutively).
Gut 1971 viagra and nitrates treatment. Standard dose and combination with azathioprine compound, dose titration. Prednisone for chronic viagra and nitrates treatment active liver disease.


text:
What does your lawyer say?
This is not a scenario is happening to us right now, however, we are still thinking the worst case. We don't have a lawyer yet. we thought other game devs/designers may have already dealed with such cases. asking here may provide us with some answer before we getting the contractor's contract ready.


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Sawtooth National Forest
Contact Information
2647 Kimberly Road East
Twin Falls, ID 83301-7976
Fax: 208-737-3236
Forest Supervisor: Kit Mullen
Fairfield Ranger District
P.O. Box 189
102 First Street East
Fairfield, ID 83327
Fax: 208-764-3211
District Ranger: Mike Dettori
Ketchum Ranger District
P.O. Box 2356
206 Sun Valley Road
Ketchum, ID 83340
Fax: 208-622-3923
District Ranger: Kurt Nelson
Minidoka Ranger District
2306 Hiland Avenue
Burley, ID 83318
Fax: 208-677-4878
District Ranger: Loren Poppert
Sawtooth National Recreation Area (Sawtooth NRA)
5 North Fork Canyon Road
Ketchum, ID 83340
Toll Free: 1-800-260-5970
Fax: 208-727-5029
Area Ranger: Kirk Flannigan
Sawtooth NRA, Stanley Office
HC64, Box 9900
Stanley, ID 83278
Deputy Area Ranger: Barbara Garcia
Contact Us
Pioneer Campground, which is situated next to Soldier Mountain Ski Area, is a developed campground composed of 5 units on Soldier Creek. The campground can be reserved in its entirety for groups of up to 50 people. The amphitheater and adjacent picnic area can be used for group events. Campground amenities include picnic tables, fire rings, drinking water and a restroom. The South Fork and North Fork of Soldier Creek trails begin along Forest Road 093 and join a major network of trails in the Soldier Mountains.
From Fairfield, go north 11 miles on Forest Road #094 and Forest Road #093, past the ski area.
Map showing recreational areas.
Map Information
The Soldier Creek - Miller Creek trailhead (#087) begins at the end of Forest Road 093 and joins a major network of trails in the Soldier Mountains.
In the winter, there is parking at nearby Couch Summit for about 100 miles of snowmobile trails through the forest and private lands. A warming hut is available in Basalt Creek on the Wells Summit section.
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Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas - Las Vegas
This resort has 2 restaurants. The on-site spa is the place to be for rest and relaxation, offering facials and body treatments, as well as aromatherapy, a steam room and a sauna. Take a splash in one of the 2 outdoor pools during your stay. The pool bar and bar/lounge are ideal spots for drinks before heading down to the restaurant to sample the delicious menu choices.
In addition to the on-site spa, a Turkish bath/hammam, a fitness center and a sauna are among the leisure facilities on offer. Free WiFi is available.
Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas - Las Vegas
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $249
- Junior Suite
- Apex Suite
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- Cityscape, Room, 2 Full Beds
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Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 392 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 23 floors
- Check-in time starts at 3 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 21
Travelling with others
- Children (12 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Valet parking *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
- Resort fee included
In the hotel
- 2 restaurants
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Poolside bar
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Number of outdoor pools - 2
- Outdoor seasonal pool (heated)
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Steam room
- Sauna
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 3
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms 3
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 2009
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Iron/ironing board
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Down comforter
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Turndown service
- Premium bedding
- In-room massage available
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 42-inch LCD TV
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- IPod docking station
- DVD player
- Video-game console
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
Special features
Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas has a full-service spa featuring massage/treatment rooms, facials, body treatments, and beauty services.
DiningTwist by Pierre Gagnaire - This restaurant specializes in French cuisine and serves dinner only. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
MOzen Bistro - This restaurant specializes in Asian cuisine and serves breakfast, brunch, lunch, and dinner.
On Site
- Fitness facilities
- Sauna
- Steam room
- Pilates classes on site
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Ecotours nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Skydiving nearby
Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas - Las Vegas's small print
Also known as
- Las Vegas Mandarin Oriental
- Mandarin Oriental Hotel Las Vegas
- Mandarin Oriental Las Vegas
- Mandarin Oriental, Las Vegas Hotel Las Vegas
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Parking height restrictions apply.
Mandatory fees
The charges below are included in the total price displayed:
- Resort fee
Optional extras
Valet parking costs USD 20.00 per night
Rollaway beds are available for USD 50.00 per day
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Good to hear about Clemons my gut told me to like him.
It's good to see that he can produce in PJs. I'm really looking forward to seeing him knock some skulls around.
Florida Sports Buzz: Miami Dolphins rookies make an impression
Bowles said fifth-round safety Chris Clemons ''has been a pleasant surprise. He hasn't blown anything. And he's got great speed.'' Clemons should emerge as a second-team safety, with Tyrone Culver, and be an asset on special teams. One NFC personnel director predicted Clemons will be the under-the-radar standout of this draft class.
The Dolphins hope sixth-rounder Andrew Gardner develops into Jake Long's backup, but it's too soon to tell. The reserve tackle who has drawn the most raves is Nate Garner
Good to hear about Clemons my gut told me to like him.
It's good to see that he can produce in PJs. I'm really looking forward to seeing him knock some skulls around.
"A man's suffering is similar to the behavior of gas. If a certain quantity of gas is pumped into an empty chamber, it will fill the chamber completely and evenly, no matter how big the chamber. Thus, suffering completely fills the human soul and conscious mind, no matter whether the suffering great or little. Therefore, the "size" of human suffering is absolutely relative." - Viktor Frankl
Its nice to hear that Sean Smith is impressing
[QUOTE=MonstBlitz;2232016]It wouldn't surprise me if he is retained. Jeff Ireland is the nightmare that won't end. The **** stain you cannot flush. The Herpes for which there is no cure.[/QUOTE]
Some quotes from the article by Barry Jackson.
Sean Smith-This looks like a great pick.
Patrick Turner-Has impressed so far.Smith made the most plays of the three in practices that were open to the media, and several veterans raved about him. ''A freak of nature,'' receiver Davone Bess said. ``It's rare to see a guy with that size [6-3] move the way he does. He can defend big ones and small ones.'' Green said Smith, the 61st pick in the NFL Draft, ``picked up the system really fast. You rarely see that from young guys this early. There are definitely things that need to be polished, but he's a guy you can use in the red zone against Randy Moss.''
Pat White-The jury is still out but at least he looks like he belongs running the ball.When a few veterans were asked what rookie stood out, the name mentioned most was Patrick Turner, who extended his body to make several catches. Turner, 6-5, has a good chance to open as the No. 4 receiver. ''If you ask our defensive backs, they say he runs better than we thought,'' receivers coach Karl Dorrell said.
A pleasant surprise has been Clemons .Players so far that look like were bad picks are Nalbone and J.D. Folsom'You want every ball to be on the money, but it doesn't work that way,'' White said, blaming his inaccuracy on ``body position, my feet being wide.''But teammates were impressed by his running ability in spread formations. ''He runs by and you think it's a running back running by,'' guard Shawn Murphy said. ``He's that quic
There is much more .I suggest you read the whole article.
Nice stuff to hear. Im starting to be pretty happy with the Turner pick but we'll see.
Game four will define the line-up, until then everything is speculation
- Competition is the Elixir of Success -
can't wait to see Clemons in camp
we may end up with 2 steals in this draft: Clemons and Gardner ... but that won't be determined until next year ...
I don't consider Smith or Turner as potential steals ... albeit, Smith at 61 could be great value.
Ahhhhhh, can't wait for real camp reports.
I'm going through withdrawal syndrome at the moment


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Hashtag: #BermudaElections
Generation Next Youth Voters Registration Drive
[Written by Eron Hill] Marcus Mosiah Garvey once said "A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots." It is incumbent upon us as young people to look back at the struggles that our ancestors endured. We must acknowledge those who have paved the way for us to follow, and laid the foundation... Read more of this article
Column: Youth Of Today, Leaders Of Tomorrow
[Written by Eron Hill] Young people; you are the youth of today, but the leaders of tomorrow. You are Generation Next! We must be able to begin a new era of excellence, strength, and ability to march forth and provide our country and her people what they truly deserve, a better Bermuda for all. I've canvassed the thoughts and opinions of various... Read more of this article
Marc Bean: 'OBA's Policies Have Been Rejected'
"The OBA's candidate and the OBA's policies have been rejected," Opposition Leader Marc Bean following Diallo Rabain's victory at the Constituency 13 Devonshire North Central by-election last night. Mr Bean said, "For the second time in two years Bermudians have been given the opportunity to let their voices be heard... Read more of this article
Photos & Video: Diallo Rabain Wins By-Election
Voters headed to the polls yesterday [Feb 4] for the Constituency 13 Devonshire North Central by-election, with the PLP's Diallo Rabain winning with 461 votes, compared to 351 votes for the OBA's Andrew Simons. Following the final vote count, Mr Rabain said, "First, I'd like to thank the constituents of Devonshire North Central;... Read more of this article
Updates: PLP's Diallo Rabain Wins By-Election
[Updating: The PLP's Diallo Rabain has won] Voters are heading to the polls today [Feb 4] for the by-election in Constituency 13 Devonshire North Central, with Diallo Rabain standing for the PLP, while Andrew Simons is the OBA candidate. The by-election was prompted by the retirement of PLP MP Glenn Blakeney, who submitted his resignation letter to... Read more of this article
24 Hr Poll: Should Party Politics End In Bermuda?
[Updated] The question of whether you would you like to see an end to party politics in Bermuda is the topic of this week's 24 hour poll, with readers asked to cast a vote on their preference. Bermuda's political system operates with party politics and, while many countries and territories have a similar system, not all do. For example,... Read more of this article
By-Election Called For Devonshire North Central
The Parliamentary Registrar today advised that Governor George Fergusson has issued a writ of election for the by-election to take place in Constituency 13 Devonshire North Central. Polling day for the by-election will take place on 4th February 2016. The polling place will be the National Sports Centre Pavilion in Devonshire. Nomination Day is on 20th... Read more of this article
PLP Announce Diallo Rabain As Candidate
[Updated] The Progressive Labour Party announced that Senator Diallo Rabain will be their candidate for the bye-election set to be held in Constituency 13 Devonshire North Central, The bye-election has been prompted by the retirement of PLP MP Glenn Blakeney, who submitted his resignation letter to the Speaker of the House, confirming his retirement... Read more of this article
Bye-Election Set To Be Called In Constituency 13
Following the resignation of PLP MP Glenn Blakeney, a bye-election will be called in Constituency 13 Devonshire North Central, and while neither party has officially announced a candidate yet, both can be expected to challenge for the seat. Mr Blakeney — who was was first elected in 2003 and then subsequently reelected in 2007 and 2012 —... Read more of this article
Students React To Absentee Voting Proposal
[Written by Don Burgess] The organizer for the campaign to allow Bermuda's overseas college students to vote via absentee ballot is "thrilled" Government plans to change the voting laws. But some Bermudians are questioning why that right isn't extended to all overseas Bermudians. Danielle Lightbourn, 21, helped bring attention to the plight... Read more of this article
Column: Determining Right To Absentee Voting
[Opinion column written by Quinton Berkley Butterfield] How do we determine who has the right to absentee voting? The latest Throne Speech had some very interesting ideas that will be coming up in the next legislative session. One of these is the introduction of absentee voting. This is an idea that is long-needed, and is a step closer for Bermuda to... Read more of this article
Govt To Introduce Voting For Students Overseas
The Government will introduce amendments to permit registered voters studying abroad at recognised educational institutions to have the right to vote in absentia, it was announced in this morning's [Nov 13] Throne Speech. The relevant portion of the Throne Speech said, "The Government, through the Ministry of Home Affairs, will introduce amendments... Read more of this article
Column: "I Ain't Voting, All Politicians The Same"
[Opinion column written by Chris Famous] "I ain't voting." "All de politicians are the same." Both statements made frequently lately. At first listen, I wonder why anyone would even have this rationale? Then I remember there was a time many in my generation had those same thoughts two decades ago. Heck, some in my present day generation still... Read more of this article


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This little rocket it about to visit Venus!!!
Today, the trade is BUY HLF, BUY CZR, BUY TSLA- the first two report earnings after the close. AMPE, like TSLA and HLF is extremely shorted.
Sentiment: Strong Buy
gee, aggie - I thought you promised you wouldn't ever post again when you were so dead wrong on your picks!!!?? so you can't pick 'em and you don't keep your word either?
I admit NFLX was not good. However, HLF and CZR and FB were big winners. Now, all goes on LNKD// all those profits into AMPE. Follow me and you will win big.
LOL, Only $12 sounds like your hedging your bet and do us a favor and hawk your calls on the appropriate boards. NFLX down another $1.35 today. You might have better luck throwing darts at the Wall Street Journal.;-)Your more impressed with yourself than anyone else is
Now, that hurts!! Did u see Herbalife?


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Ford Kent Engine Endura E
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- Love and Clarity
- Literally any state of mind may be created or enhanced within. It is commonly assumed that our thoughts and feelings are difficult, if not impossible, to change at will. But this is not so. The meditator soon realizes that it is they who are primarily...
Mind >> Telepathy and Group Mind
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A No-Cook Dinner Menu for When You Don't Want to Turn On the Oven
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Don't Cook in August, Says Our Editor in Chief
When it's August and produce is this sweet and this fragrant, the last thing Adam Rapoport wants to do in the kitchen is cook.
Sliced Tomato Salad
Truly ripe tomatoes don't need much.
Beet, Carrot, and Apple Juice with Ginger
This beet juice recipe gets its kick from ginger and sweetness from apple.


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Hi All,
I am new to Transparent and their products. I just installed Mind Stereo on Window XP. Installation is smooth. I add the Pre set session, But when I hit the play button, nothing is happening.Please let me know.
Started by Raj , Jun 26 2011 12:28 AM
2 replies to this topic
Posted 26 June 2011 - 12:28 AM
Posted 28 June 2011 - 05:32 AM
Did you add anything to the playlist?
The above post may not necessarily reflect the views, opinions or policies of Transparent Corp.
New website and blog! http://www.rewiredbrain.net/
Facebook: https://www.facebook...waveentrainment
Posted 28 June 2011 - 03:11 PM
Check your playlist and see if there is anything saved on it. Let us know if that works.
1 user(s) are reading this topic
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Rabie Lanier Adams of Tyrone
Mrs. Rabie Lanier Adams of Tyrone passed away on May 15, 2012.
Mrs. Adams was preceded in death by her husband, Rufus Bennett Adams; parents, James and Annie Lanier and siblings, James Lanier, J.V. Lanier and Linnie Mae Clemmins.
She is survived by her daughters, Gloria Adams Furr and her husband, Gordon of Tyrone; Vara Wynelle "Nell" Adams of Tyrone; son, Roy Bennett "Benny" Adams and his wife, Vickie of Carrollton; grandchildren, Kim Adams Malone and her husband, Kenny and Tracy Leigh Furr; great grandchildren, McKenna, Ashlande, Dustin Malone and Aubrey Heard.
Funeral services will be held Thursday, May 17, 2012 at 4 p.m. at the graveside at Flat Creek Baptist Church Cemetery with Mr. Marty Harbin officiating.
Those wishing may send an online condolence at www.parrottfuneralhome.com. The family will receive friends Thursday from 3 until 3:30 at Parrott Funeral Home and Crematory, 770-964-4800.


text:
Research Interests
- Pre-main sequence stars
- Star-disk interaction
- Radiative transfer modeling
- Magnetic field structures
- Solar and stellar flares, coronal mass ejections
- Stellar angular momentum evolution
- Solar-stellar connection
- Stellar kinematics: moving groups and associations
- Universal Course Design
- Interactive lecturing, active learning
- Smith College, BA, 2005
- Vanderbilt University, PhD, 2010
Selected Publications
- What do weak magnetic fields mean for magnetospheric accretion in Herbig AeBe star+disk systems?
- Aarnio, Monnier, Harries, and Acreman; IAUS302,2014
- Coronal Mass Ejections and Angular Momentum Loss in Young Stars
- Aarnio, Stassun, and Matt; IAUS300, 2014
- Angular momentum evolution of low-mass pre-main sequence stars via extreme coronal mass ejections
- Aarnio, Matt, and Stassun; Astronomische Nachricten, 2013
- Mass Loss in Pre-Main Sequence Stars via Coronal Mass Ejections and Implications for Angular Momentum Loss
- Aarnio, Matt, and Stassun; ApJ, 2012
- Mechanical Equilibrium of Hot, Large-Scale Magnetic Loops on T Tauri Stars
- Aarnio, Llama, Jardine, and Gregory; MNRAS, 2012
- Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections: A Statistically Determined Flare Flux-CME Mass Correlation
- Aarnio, Stassun, Hughes, and McGregor; Solar Physics, 2011
- A Search for Star-Disk Interaction among the Strongest X-ray Flaring Stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster
- Aarnio, Stassun, and Matt; ApJ, 2010
- ADS search
- Conduct a search of the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System for papers that include me as an author.
Presentations and Web Spots
- RHESSI Science Nugget
- My work in the solar-stellar connection over the past few years, in a nugget.
- The Sun as a Star. (15Mb .pdf file)
- Talk given for Saturday Morning Physics, 10 November, 2012


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Lentil Chili and Lettuce Wraps – Star of the ShowLentil Chili We entered a contest with Canadian Lentils called "The Star of the Show" where we are presenting Lentil Chili. The great thing about this Lentil Chili is that you can use it multiple ways. One way we'd like toRead More »
Peace Naturals Cannabis Oil – Omega & CerenePeace Naturals Cannabis Oil – Omega & Cerene Peace Naturals Cannabis Oil – Omega & Cerene are the newest cannabis oils of the entire MMPR system. Peace Naturals was the first LP approved by Health Canada to sell cannabis oil. IfRead More »
Infused Water – Your Water Doesn't Have To Be BoringInfused Water Welcome to our Infused Water post. Water is the most important piece to your overall health and well being. Although most people find drinking water to be boring, you can create infused waters. Infused water is aRead More »
Vice Chair and Veterans Representative on Patient Advisory Committee
Patient Advisory Committee -Veterans Representative We are excited to announce that The Wellness Soldier is now the Veterans Representative on the Patient Advisory Committee and was created by the Canadian Medical Cannabis Council. The Patient Advisory Committee, which is comprised of leading...Read more
Foodelia International Food Photography Awards
Foodelia Food Photography Awards Kaleena Lindsay Photography wins the Third Foodelia Food Photography Awards!! Kaleena Lindsay Photography is the genius behind all of The Wellness Soldier's food photography. My beautiful wife Kaleena has done all the amazing photography/art work for...Read more
Get Your E-Book for Canadian Veteran Marijuana Coverage
Marijuana Coverage for Canadian Veterans E-Book Here at The Wellness Soldier we believe that marijuana is a natural way to remedy some of the harsh symptoms of occupational stress/pain injuries that veterans have in a natural way. Link to e-book...Read more
Tilray Medical Cannabis Facility
It was a beautiful Thursday morning, and I was grinning ear to ear as I drove up the Pat Bay highway to the Tilray medical cannabis facility. I was invited to get a tour of the facility to better understand...Read more
The Wellness Soldier Joins Lift as Cannabis Recipe Creator!!
Lift Cannabis Cooking Recipes We are happy to announce that The Wellness Soldier is now writing the Lift Cannabis Cooking Recipes!! We are happy that we are having the chance to change the perception of edibles from brownies and cookies,...Read more
"Galley" Recipe Contributor for Canadian Military Family Magazine
Look for The Wellness Soldier in the "Galley" section of the Canadian Military Family Magazine Winter 2016 issue. We will be bringing you healthy and delicious recipes to help you. If you would like to learn a little more about...Read more
You Were The Inspiration
The Wellness Soldier was created for veterans, A large population of veterans are on multiple mood altering drugs for treatments of injuries/disorders and are not living the life that they want. The "Pill for every Ill" method just does not work...Read more
Who Is The Wellness Soldier
My Story My name is Cody Lindsay and I am The Wellness Soldier. I am a Veteran, Chef, Marijuana Advocate, and Father of three children. I joined the Canadian Military in 2001 (Basic Training 0110 B) and I did...Read more
"You Were The Only One Helping Me!!"
Thank You for your help in navigating the MMPR System and the Veterans Affairs Canada sysytem. I am now fully covered by VAC for Medical Cannabis. You were the only one helping me and If it were not for your knowledgeable advice and friendly attitude I would not have made it through. Now my quality of life has increased immensely. Thank You
G. Potvin
Just to let you know that my wife just had a Skype session with a doctor at the Trauma Healing Center and was prescribed cannabis. This would not have happened if we had not found your site. So thank you very much for your guidance and keep up the great work.
Thank You
I wanted to thank you for all that you have helped me with. If it were not for your guidance and help I would not have been able to navigate my way through. Getting coverage for medical cannabis will severely improve my quality of life.