text:
page highlights key events in Australian and overseas
intellectual property law and practice from 1800 to 1900.
It covers -
It supplements the Intellectual Property guide page
regarding Australia and the separate profile
on Australian court and tribunal decisions regarding copyright.
Context is provided by the multi-page communications &
media timeline on this site.
Baden enacts first German copyright law
1806 French Design law
1814 English Copyright Act codifies "long-standing practices"
1814 UK Sculpture Copyright Act replaces 1798 'sculpture'
1815 Wordsworth's Essay, Supplementary to the Preface
on authorial genius
1817 Ricardo's On the Principles of Political Economy
& Taxation
1817 Say's Catechism of Political Economy
1821 Shelley's Defence of Poetry declares the imagination
rather than imitation to be the source of art
1831 revised US copyright law extended protection to "musical
compositions in traditional notation"
1833 UK Dramatic Copyright Act (Bulwer-Lytton
Act) protects performing right in dramatic works
1835 US Wheaton v Peters: ruling that limited-term
copyright nullifies any common-law right to intellectual
property in perpetuity
1836 US Patent Office established
1837 Société des gens de lettres founded in France
1837 Prussian Gesetz zum Schutze des Eigenthums an
Werken der Wissenschaft und Kunst in Nachdruck und Nachbildung
1838 UK International Copyright Act 1838
1841 Folsom v Marsh is landmark ruling on fair
use in the US
1842 US industrial property regime extended to designs
1842 UK Literary Copyright Act provides authors
with lifetime plus 7 years protection
1842 UK legislation extended to cover overseas music (primarily
that from sheet music publishers in France and parts of
1846 Nion's Droit civils des auteurs, artistes et
inventeurs is first published use of term 'intellectual
property' ('propriete intellectuelle')?
1847 Bourget, Parizot and Henrion successfully sue Paris
cafe for music royalties
1850 Societe des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs de
Musique (SACEM) established in France as first true copyright
collecting society
1852 Patent Law Amendment Act (UK) launches modern
patent regime
1857 trademark laws enacted in France
1862 UK Fine Arts Copyright Act
1862 UK Merchandise Marks Act 1862
1863 Merchandise Marks Act in South Australia
1863 decision in Gambart v Ball in UK (reaffirmed
by Graves v Ashford in 1867) holds that unauthorised
photograph of painting infringes copyright in painting
1864 Merchandise Marks Acts in Victoria, Queensland and
1865 Merchandise Marks Act in NSW
1865 US extends copyright protection to photographs
1867 German national legislature extends duration of copyright
to life plus 30 years
US copyright law prohibits unauthorized translations and
dramatizations of works published by US publishers (UK
and other overseas publishers/authors aren't protected
and piracy by Harper Bros causes major friction)
1870 German Gesetz betr. das Urheberrecht an Schriftwerken,
Abbildungen, musikalischen Kompositionen und dramatischen
1870 first US trademark granted to Averill Paints
1872 Telegraphic Copyright legislation in Victoria provides
short-term protection for telegraphic news services and
1873 Congress for Patent Reform in Vienna
1874 national trademarks legislation in Germany
1874 Nestle registers first trademark in Hong Kong
1875 UK Royal Commission on strengthened copyright protection
1875 Trade Marks Registration Act 1875 (UK)
1875 Bass brewery registers red triangle logo as first
mark under UK registration scheme
1876 Trade Marks Act 1876 in Victoria
1878 International Trademark Association (INTA) founded
in US
1883 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property (eg patents)
1883 Patents, Designs & Trademarks Act 1883
1883 International Literary Association produces draft
international copyright agreement
1883 office of Comptroller General of Patents established
in UK
1884 Trademark Law in Japan
1884 pharmaceutical company registers first trademark
in Japan
1884 Designs & Trade Marks Act 1884 (WA)
1884 UK Society of Authors founded
1884 US Supreme Court rules that photographs protected
by copyright
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary &
Industrial Works (Berne) -
US did not participate
1887 first Japanese copyright law
1888 Pan-American agreement on international copyright
(US did not participate)
1891 Chace Act is first US international copyright agreement,
extending limited protection on a bilateral basis to selected
countries (eg UK and France)
1891 Madrid Agreement on Trade Marks
1891 Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive
Indication of Source of Goods ( 'Indication of Source'
1893 United International Bureaux for the Protection of
Intellectual Property (BIRPI)
1899 Canadian Society of Authors founded
next page (1900-1938)


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In reality, the instructors were high-pressure salespeople paid on a commission basis to up-sell consumers to even more expensive courses (including the "Gold Elite" course for $34,995), and these salesmen were never trained on Trump's "real-estate secrets" much less taught them. In 2005, the New York State Education Department told Trump to stop using the word "university" in its title, because it was illegal to do so, but Trump continued to operate illegally until forced to change the name in 2010.
Trump asserts many students gave positive evaluations immediately after the seminar, but over 25% of students got refunds and many more sought (but were denied) refunds for the scam. Plaintiffs seek refunds for all "Live Event" students across the country who have not yet received full refunds, with additional penalties and/or fines for senior citizens in California and Florida, and treble damages in the Cohen RICO case.
Please visit http://www.trumpuniversitylitigation.com for the latest information on the case and links to important documents, including the Complaints in the Makaeff and Cohen cases, the Orders granting class certification, and Order granting in part and denying in part the motion to decertify the classes, as well as the Long Form Notice and Mailed Notice regarding these class actions.
For more information about the Trump University case, a timeline and links to the filed briefs, click here: : http://zhlaw.com/cases/trump-
March 1, 2016 – Washington Post, "GOP super PAC's ad portrays Donald Trump as a predatory huckster"
February 27, 2016 – CNN, "Trump University fraud case becomes campaign issue at GOP debate"
February 27, 2016 – Washington Post, "Donald Trump's misleading claim that he's 'won most of' lawsuits over Trump University"
February 26, 2016 – National Review, "Yes, Trump University Was a Massive Scam"
February 26, 2016 – San Diego Union Tribune, "Debate brings Trump's legal woes to forefront"
ZHE Joins Lawyers Club Of San Diego's #FLOTUStoSD Campaign
ZHE Partner Helen Zeldes Joins Human Trafficking Collaborative
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Create a special memory of the party. Have your teen choose a favorite picture of herself, and then display an enlarged version on an easel at the big event and have everyone sign it (be sure to have several pens and markers handy!). After the special night, frame the keepsake as a wonderful way for her to relive the momentous occasion. And don't forget photos of the event! Have plenty of disposable cameras on hand as well as fun themed props, such as animal-print fedoras for the guys and brightly colored boas for the girls. You'll end the night with tons of great photos!
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Terrence Higgins Trust 'extremely disappointed' at refusal to extend HPV vaccine to gay men
Post your comment
Comments on this article are now closed.
Reader comments
This would be ridiculous were it not for the fact that giving the vaccine will save lives.
The Lib Dems are telling us that they are preventing the Tories Ukip from acting in their old Ukip/BNP style ways, SO what are they doing about this LETS WRITE TO OUR MPs, each and every one of us!
Disgusting discrimination and complacency on the part of health department officials.
HPV vaccination is not only about preventing cervical cancer important as this is, it is about preventing a viral infection that is also responsible for anal, mouth and throat and penile cancer as well as genital warts, it should also be noted that genital warts can cause increased risk of other infections and so their prevention is also important in that context.
In a highly mobile population "herd immunity" is not achieved by vaccinating less than 50% of the population and certainly not when interacting intimately with people from other countries here or abroad, where vaccination is even less per head of population than here!
This is beyond unacceptable it is a health tragedy that is preventable, if only those responsible would wise up to the fact that a substantial percentage of the population are NOT heterosexual and do not always reside all their lives in Britain.
Has anyone carried out a needs essessment and analysed the cost of hpv vaccination against the cost if treatment at diagnosis?
Is the cost if treatment the same in both eventualities?
If so was this evidence provided go the committee, the DoH….. for consideration?
The UK should do what is being done in Australia – extend the vaccination programme to include all school boys (12-13 yrs old).
Terrible for all the people living with hiv abandoned in aids charity ukcs collapse
What sort of people would abandon the disabled ? after squandering £150,000 of their money shocking the hiv media denying them a voice and discriminating against them as it coverd up scandals
US Center for Disease Control 'Gay and bisexual men (who have sex with other men) are about 17 times more likely to develop anal cancer than men who only have sex with women.'
Why? Read the US National Ins of a Health STI epidemiology study from 2007: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2598698/#!po=34.3750 .
Homosexual anal sex involves a heightened STI transmission risk because, unlike straight partners, both can be the receptive. Additionally, anal intercourse significantly increases virus transmissibility. Orientation does not make anal intercourse compulsory.
Therefore, Daisy Ellis' demand for HPV vaccination lacks an evidence-based prevention strategy. Boys are not born with an orientation towards anal intercourse.
These comments are un-moderated and do not necessarily represent the views of PinkNews. If you believe that a comment is inappropriate or libellous, please contact us.
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- UK: Health minister to pursue 'as a matter of urgency' extending HPV vaccine for boys and gay men 8
- Tory MP Mike Freer: The HPV vaccine needs to be extended to protect gay men 20
- Terrence Higgins Trust calls for male HPV vaccine after Michael Douglas's cancer oral sex claims 10
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text:
0.16 Reservoir Fishing, Richland County WI
Latitude: 43.4116485°N
Longitude: -90.2784596°W
Elevation: 909 ft (277 m)
USGS Topo Map: Rockbridge
Fishing Type: Lake
Nearby Places to Fish
0.16 Reservoir Wisconsin fishing map and location information: 0.16 Reservoir is a Lake in Richland County, Wisconsin and can be found on the Rockbridge USGS topo map. The GPS coordinates for this Lake are 43.4116485 (latitude), -90.2784596 (longitude) and the approximate elevation is 909 feet (277 meters) above sea level. Anyone interested in fishing 0.16 Reservoir or nearby fishing Lakes should consult with local guides and other resources before heading out to fish. Anglers who have fished 0.16 Reservoir are asked to submit reviews of the Lake. Tell us the time of year, what you fished for, and how the experience ranked overall. Thanks for your comments!


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Should Clinton win, Obama would become the first Democratic President to be succeeded by a member of his own party without dying in the process in over 150 years.
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Keep track of the stocks that matter to you.
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Mock GM as "Government Motors" to your heart's content, Fools. (I sure do.) But be aware: This IPO just might be the best investment you ever make -- not in spite of the company's government ties, but because of them.
This week, The Wall Street Journal laid out GM CFO Chris Liddell's boosterish buy thesis on his company in a few short points. The new and improved GM, Liddell says, could earn perhaps $12 billion in annual pretax profits as the North American auto market revives. At its peak, with Americans buying SUVs and pickups hand over fist, GM could earn as much as 50% more than that -- $18 billion, or nearly twice the annual profit Ford (NYSE: F ) is currently cruising toward. And even after Uncle Sam's IRS takes its due, GM will net somewhere between 7% and 8% margins in an average year, and as high as 9% or 10% in a good year.
Bold words? No doubt. Right now, publicly traded Ford is making do with less than a 5% net profit margin. Troubled Toyota (NYSE: TM ) gets less than half that, while even Honda (NYSE: HMC ) gets by on only a 6% margin -- and don't get me started on money-losing Tesla (Nasdaq: TSLA ) . Little wonder then that GM CEO Dan Akerson declares: "I know a great investment opportunity, and the new GM is just that."
Better than great
It's no surprise to hear the CEO of an IPO take a boosterish tone when describing his stock. It's expected. Yet call me crazy, call me a Fool -- but I actually think Akerson is being modest. "Great" doesn't begin to do justice to how fabulously profitable this company could be … for a while.
Why do I say this, when I've been so consistently critical of the company's promises to pay back taxpayers the tens of billions of dollars we're owed? Why do I buy the bull argument, hook, line, and sinker? Because the numbers demand it -- both the ones GM is bragging about, and the ones the company would probably prefer not to have publicized just yet.
You see, profits aren't even the real story at GM today. What investors should really be interested in are GM's losses -- specifically, the ones GM racked up over its pre-bankruptcy years, as it slouched its way toward Gomorrah -- because, according to a Wall Street Journal article that ran earlier this week, it could be years before GM has to report tax-burdened net profit margins to its investors.
Here's how it works: When the feds bailed out GM -- and Bank of America (NYSE: BAC ) , Citigroup (NYSE: C ) , JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM ) , and the other great failures of our time -- as part of the TARP program, they inserted a clause in their agreements helping to ensure that the bailouts would turn a "profit" once the companies were revived. It all has to do with the concept of tax-loss carry-forwards -- credits against losses that the companies had accumulated during the bad years. In its infinite mercy, the IRS agreed that even after emerging from bankruptcy, GM would not lose the right to invoke past losses to offset taxes on future profits it might make. In essence, the IRS gave GM a free pass to earn $45.4 billion worth of profits -- and not pay a dime on any of it.
What does it mean to investors?
The GM IPO can be reduced to the following equation:
$12 billion in pre-tax profits, minus $0 tax liability = $12 billion net profit
So if GM IPOs at its projected $50 billion market cap, the stock will cost barely 4 times its average annual profit (or, at least, what that profit will look like until the tax-loss credits run out). I'll leave it to your imagination how investors will react when they notice that valuation, what with Ford selling for a P/E of roughly twice that today.
Foolish final thought
Now, to address the question posed by the elephant standing in the middle of the board room: "Why is the government doing this?"
Quite simply, it's doing this to make GM look fabulously profitable. To push investors to buy the stock. To guarantee that the IPO is a success. I also imagine that in a few years -- probably right in the middle of President Obama's 2012 re-election campaign -- the government can proudly proclaim the success of the GM IPO and the repayment of "every penny" the company ever owed us.
Fools, when that argument gets made, don't buy it. But do give serious thought to buying the GM IPO. It could be the best investment you ever make.


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Crusaders defeat Red Knights again
STEUBENVILLE – Another quick start led to another big win for Steubenville Catholic Central over Toronto Wednesday.
Four days after scoring six runs in the first three innings on their way to Saturday's 6-2 OVAC Class 2A semifinal win over the Red Knights, the Crusaders scored 6 runs over the opening three frames again before cruising to a 9-3 victory at the Knight Baseball Complex.
"I just think we come focused," said Catholic Central head coach Don Young of his team's fast starts. "Not real happy with the way we played later in the game, I thought we left a lot of runs out there. We have to play that way for seven innings, or however long it takes, as we go along here.
"We've got to stop playing two or three innings and then stop playing. We come to the park focused, the kids are learning every day like we keep talking about, and we're getting better."
Added Toronto head coach Brian Perkins, "We came out today and we were flat. We'll be back at it tomorrow, and that's going to change real quick."
Nick Ivkovich gave Central a boost on the hill to pick up the win. The sophomore struck out four over 5 2/3 innings before giving way to Aleks Porreca with a 7-2 lead in the bottom of the sixth.
"We talk about the next guy steps up all the time," said Catholic Central head coach Don Young. "That was quite an effort in the circle for Nick."
Three opening frame runs got the Crusaders off quickly. Brenton Colabella belted a two-out double followed by a Stone Romano base on balls. Porreca plated both with a triple and scored on batter later on a Kyle Laukert base knock.
Three more crossed for Central in the third. Colabella connected for a lead off single followed by Romano drawing another walk. A Porreca single loaded then loaded the bases. Laukert drew a walk that scored Colabella and a Joe DeFallo single sent home Romano and Porreca to make the score 6-0 Crusaders.
Both teams scored three runs the rest of the way with Central getting an RBI single from Colabella in the sixth along with a Josh Merriman RBI double and a Jake Reed RBI single in the seventh.
The Red Knights picked up two runs in the sixth when Tyler Antinone pushed across Brad Melville on a ground out and Billy Solomon drove in John Romey with a single. A Melville sacrifice fly scored Chez Glenn in the bottom of the seventh to create the 9-3 final.
Melville pitched solid for Toronto, entering in the third for starter Nate Stewart and striking out three.
"Brad did a great job of coming in, throwing strikes, and keeping us in the ball game," said Perkins. "He did a good job."
Colabella led the Crusaders' offense with a double, three singles, and an RBI. Porreca added a single to go with his two-run triple.
Despite the nine-run output Young felt like his offense could do more.
"We feel that we can score runs," he said. "I know we scored nine, but we're not real happy with our offense the last half of the game."
Solomon had a second single to go with his RBI base hit and Blaze Glenn had a pair of singles as well for the Red Knights.
Both teams take to the field today with the Crusaders hosting city-rival Steubenville Big Red at Vaccaro and Toronto welcoming Bridgeport to the Knight Baseball Complex.
Steubenville Central 9, Toronto 3
Steubenville Central 303 001 2 – 9 13 1
Toronto 000 002 1 – 3 6 1
STEUBENVILLE CENTRAL: Ivkovich (WP, 4K, 4BB), Porreca (6th, 1K, 0BB) and Merriman. T. Barber S, R; DiCarlantonio S; Colabella D, 3S, RBI, R; Romano 2R; Porreca T, S, 2RBI, 2R; Laukert S, 2RBI, R; DeFallo 2S, 2RBI; Merriman D, RBI, R; Reed S, RBI.
TORONTO: Stewart (LP, 1K, 3BB), Melville (3rd, 3K, 2BB) and Solomon. B. Glenn 2S; C. Glenn R; Owens S; Melville S, RBI, R; Antinone RBI; Romey R; Solomon 2S, RBI.


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Please read the application thoroughly and answer ALL questions completely with the information requested. Incomplete forms will not be considered as viable applications and will be discarded.
** NOTE: This student position is not open to Graduate Students or undergraduate students at the Senior level. Any applications received indicating a Graduate Student or Senior Undergraduate Student level will be discarded. Undergraduates at the Junior level will be assessed on a case-by-case basis.


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Lawmakers to hear about plant closing's impactOctober 22,2013Lawmakers to hear
Yankee concerns
VERNON — Two Vermont House committees are planning a special trip to the state's southeast corner to hear about the impact of the impending closing of the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant.
Lawmakers travel to Vernon Elementary School to hear from business and other local leaders from 1:30 to 4:30 p.m. Monday and from the general public from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
House Speaker Shap Smith says he hopes lawmakers will gather information that will help them minimize the impact of the plant's closing, which is scheduled late next year. Vermont Yankee employs more than 600 people.
Members of the Commerce and Economic Development and Natural Resources and Energy Committees of the Vermont House of Representatives will participate in the events.MORE IN This Just InPUTNEY A local women told police someone stole $400 in cash from her car. Full StoryThe Raiders had two goals in a span of about five minutes on Tuesday in upending Middlebury 2-1... Full StoryNORTH CLARENDON Often when a No. 3 seed plays a No. Full Story
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ok need a few things answered if poss, due to pile of vaux bits in shed to play with.
will a 16v head fit a 2.0ltr 8v bottom end? if not why?
using a gsi 2.0l 16v on a standard sri box?
or using 4x4 box from gsi in 2wd format, is this bad news?
have gsi running gear and sri stuff and want to make run about from the bits basically.
donor car to be an sri (complete at mo)
engine box loom etc from gsi 4x4, bottom end suspect due to crash on the gsi (hence above question)


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Air Line Pilots Association, International
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Full name
|Air Line Pilots Association, International
|Key people
|Capt. Tim Canoll, President
|Office location
|1625 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C.
|NADIAD, Canada
The Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA) is the largest pilot union in the world,[1] representing more than 52,000 pilots[1] from 30 U.S. and Canadian airlines. ALPA was founded in 1931[2] and is a member of the AFL-CIO and the Canadian Labour Congress. Known internationally as U.S.-ALPA, ALPA is also a member of the IFALPA.
- 1 Current leadership
- 2 Archives
- 3 Former Presidents
- 4 Member pilot groups
- 5 Other pilot groups
- 6 Controversial safety-related conduct
- 7 Notes
- 8 External links
Current leadership[edit]
ALPA's four national officers were elected by the union's Board of Directors on Oct. 22, 2014, and began their four-year terms on Jan. 1, 2015.[3]
President: Captain Tim Canoll[edit]
Captain Tim Canoll, Delta Air Lines, is ALPA's tenth president.[3] Captain Canoll previously served as ALPA's executive administrator and held positions as Delta Local Executive Council (LEC) representative, Master Executive Council (MEC) Strike Committee member, MEC Security coordinator, MEC Strategic Planning chairman, MEC Negotiating Committee member, MEC vice chairman, MEC executive administrator, and as ALPA's representative to the Unsecured Creditors Committee during Delta Air Lines' 2005 bankruptcy.[3]
First Vice President: Captain Joe DePete[edit]
Captain Joe DePete, FedEx Express, serves as ALPA's first vice president.[3] He also holds the position of National Safety Coordinator and is tasked with overseeing the Association's Safety, Security, and Pilot Assistance programs.[3] He has served as an ALPA executive vice president, FedEx Express MEC chairman, and LEC chairman.[3] He was an active member of the ALPA Organizing Committee for the merger with the Flying Tiger Line Pilots Association as well as for the merger with the FedEx Pilots Association.[3]
Vice President–Administration/Secretary: Captain Bill Couette[edit]
Captain William Russell "Bill" Couette, Envoy Air, is serving his third consecutive term as ALPA's vice president–administration/secretary.[3] Captain Couette is a five-time elected local council representative who served until the end of 2006 as the American Eagle Local Executive Council 133 chairman in Chicago.[3] He acted as Strike Oversight Board representative for the Atlantic Southeast and Skyway pilots, and also served as an ALPA negotiator, organizer, and merger representative.[3]
Vice President–Finance/Treasurer: Captain W. Randolph Helling[edit]
Captain W. Randolph Helling, Delta, is serving his third term as ALPA's vice president–finance/treasurer, having previously acted as executive administrator.[3] Captain Helling has served on the Northwest Airlines MEC's Professional Standards, Training, Legislative Affairs, and Finance Review committees.[3] He was elected MEC vice chairman in 2006 and served as secretary-treasurer and vice chairman of the Detroit Local Council.[3] He also participated as a member of ALPA's National Hearing Board from 2000 to 2006.[3]
The Walter P. Reuther Library is home to over 40 collections of archival material documenting the history of the Air Line Pilots Association. To access the collections' finding aids, please refer to the ALPA-related content at the Walter P. Reuther Library website.
Former Presidents[edit]
The following is a complete list of ALPA's former presidents[4] since the Association's founding in 1931:
- Donald Lee Moak (2011 – 2014)[5]
- John H. Prater (2007 – 2010)
- Duane E. Woerth (1999 – 2006)
- J. Randolph Babbitt (1991 – 1998)
- Henry A. Duffy (1983 – 1990)
- John J. O'Donnell (1971 – 1982)
- Charles H. Ruby (1962 – 1970)
- Clarence N. Sayen (1952 – 1962)
- David L. Behncke (1931 – 1952)
Member pilot groups[edit]
ALPA represents the following bargaining units:[6]
- Air Transat
- Air Transport International
- Air Wisconsin
- Alaska Airlines
- Atlantic Southeast Airlines
- Bearskin Airlines
- Calm Air
- Canadian North
- Commutair
- Compass Airlines
- Delta Air Lines
- Endeavor Air
- Envoy Air
- ExpressJet
- FedEx Express
- First Air
- Frontier Airlines
- Hawaiian Airlines
- Island Air
- Jazz
- JetBlue Airways
- Kelowna Flightcraft Ltd.
- Mesa Air Group
- Piedmont Airlines
- PSA Airlines
- Spirit Airlines
- Sun Country Airlines
- Trans States Airlines
- United Airlines
- Virgin America
- Wasaya
Other pilot groups[edit]
Notable major airline pilots that are not part of ALPA and have their own pilots union:
- American Airlines by Allied Pilots Association
- Air Canada by Air Canada Pilots Association
- Southwest Airlines by Southwest Airlines Pilot Association
- UPS Airlines by Independent Pilots Association[3]
While ALPA has claimed to support testing for drugs and alcohol, of pilots who survive accidents, the conduct of ALPA representatives, following the fatal takeoff crash of USAir Flight 5050 on September 20, 1989, was contrary to that stated policy. ALPA reps sequestered both surviving pilots and refused to reveal their whereabouts until such time that any testing for drugs and alcohol would be useless. This made the NTSB investigators so upset that a very unusual and strong statement was included in the official accident report:
The Safety Board is extremely concerned that no federal investigators were allowed to speak to the pilots of flight 5050 until almost 40 hours after the accident.... The Air Line Pilots Association representatives initially stated that they also did not know where the pilots were, then later stated that their location was being withheld so they could not be found by the media.... The sequestering of the pilots for such an extended period of time in many respects borders on interference with a federal investigation and is inexcusable.[7]
After the FAA prepared subpoenas to compel them to appear, the pilots finally relented and appeared some 44 hours after the accident. Upon the advice of their ALPA attorney, the pilots refused to provide any blood samples, but did give urine samples.
Valid samples, taken shortly after that accident were very important to the investigation, especially since the NTSB found numerous "crew coordination problems" during its investigation. But, the conduct of ALPA representatives, acting contrary to ALPA's stated safety policies, prevented a thorough and complete investigation.[8][9][10]
At a press briefing, James L. Kolstad, the acting chairman of the NTSB, stated "there clearly was a lack of proper procedure being followed in the cockpit" of USAir Flight 5050.
Kolstad also said "it clearly took too long" for the pilots to present themselves for drug and alcohol testing. "The public has a right to know that its transportation system is alcohol- and drug-free", Kolstad said. "Failure to promptly volunteer for alcohol and drug testing following a major accident is inexcusable. The provision of urine samples, and no blood samples, almost two days after this accident severely impedes our investigation and unnecessarily creates an environment of suspicion."[10]
- ^ a b What We Do - ALPA
- ^ Our History - ALPA
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ALPA - Home
- ^ "The ALPA Hall of Presidents"
- ^ Reed, Ted. "How Lee Moak Changed the Airline Industry" The Street. December 11, 2012
- ^ Our Pilot Groups - ALPA
- ^ "Aircraft Accident Report: USAir Flight 5050" (PDF).
- ^ "Then and Now".
- ^ McFadden, Robert D. (September 22, 1989). "Pilots Sought". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ a b Malnic, Eric (September 23, 1989). "FAA Suspends". latimes. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
How ALPA Hosed Continental pilot to remain solvent
External links[edit]
|This article related to a United States labor union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Pestana Palacio do Freixo
The adaptation of the Pestana Palacio do Freixo, housed in a palace which has been classified as a National Monument since 1910, was by architect David Sinclair and decorated by architect James Mitchell. The building is located on the banks of the Douro River, named after the famous Wine Region in Portugal, which dates back to Roman times. In the main building of the Pousada - the old Palace - you can find the restaurant, bar, and social rooms. In the other building, the old Harmony grinding mills, you can find the bedrooms, some of which hold a magnificent view over the river.Pestana Palacio do Freixo has a total of 87 rooms: 30 standard rooms, 46 superior rooms with a river/pool view, 10 suites, and one special suite with a river view. There is a possibility of adjoining rooms. The suites of the Freixo Palace are among the most modern of the group and have the advantage of a stunning view over the River Douro. Besides the luxurious and sophisticated lounge, the suite has two large single beds and a Hi-fi with alarm clock and MP3 connection.
Hotel Address:Location Summary
- Pestana Palacio do Freixo
- Estrada Nacional 108
- 4300 Campanha - Porto
- Porto, 4300
- Portugal
Situated just a few kilometers from Guimaraes, the European Culture Capital 2012, the Freixo Palace is a beautiful example of Portuguese civil baroque. The direct access to the river and the long path along the marginal allows the guests easy exploration of the area around the riverside.
Directions to Hotel
Pestana Palacio do Freixo is around 2 kilometers from the Campanha railway station and the Oporto airport is 20 minutes by car, also there is parking at the Pousada.
Note Bene
Electric car tours from Ribeira to Foz.
Banquets & Meetings
Pestana Palacio do Freixo has available a videoconference hall of a high quality standard and with several premium features for the traditional video conferencing rooms.
Disabled Access
There is a room for guests with limited mobility.
Pool, Indoor
Heated indoor pool.
Spa Facility
The Splendor Spa at Pestana Palacio do Freixo offers a magnificent atmosphere, with an excellent selection of treatments. There's also a Turkish bath and sauna.
Biking, Touring
Bike tours and Segway tours.
The hire of luxury boats for boat trips with crew, on the coast and the Rio Douro. Jet boat river trips. Rio Douro cruise
Casino Gambling
Casino in Espinho and Povoa do Varzim
Ecological Tourism
Safari tours.
Winery Tours
Visits to the Port Wine cellars.
Guest Review Highlights
78% (763)
19% (186)
3% (29)
Hotel Amenities
- - Banquets & Meetings
- - Meeting Space
- - Disabled Access
- - Fine Dining on Site
- - Fine Dining Nearby
- - Fitness Center
- - High Speed Internet
- - Pool, Indoor
- - Pool, Outdoor
- - Spa Facility
Available Activities
- - Biking, Touring
- - Boating
- - Casino Gambling
- - Ecological Tourism
- - Golf Driving Range
- - Golfing
- - Sailing
- - Shopping
- - Theatre & Museums
- - Winery Tours
Cool Pools: Pousada do Porto Palacio do Freixo Hotel
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New to Five Star Alliance: Pousada do Porto Palacio do Freixo Hotel
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Did You Know? Vidago Palace
Did You Know? Vidago PalaceRead more >>


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Rock filled flower beds, or rock flower gardens, have ended up being quite popular recently. They make for a lovely decorative feature to the property and they make for a fun pastime. A lot of plants that do well in a flower rock garden are simple to grow and need very little upkeep. The plants that flourish do so because they tolerate the shown heat from the rock.
Herbs grow well in rock filled flower beds. Below is a list of a number of popular flowers that grow well in a rock filled flower bed.This plant is a small shrub and the flowers have a dish shape and are a deep red color. These flowers flower in the late spring and summer season.
Aster: The Asters, especially the Alpine Aster are popular rock bed flowers. They flower in the late summer season and fall. The flowers are produced in large clusters and be available in a variety of colors that consist of: pink, red, white, lavender, and purple. They grow as bushy clumps so it is essential to develop enough space when planting. They can grow in a variety of environments. Depending on the temperature level, germination can extract from 15 to 30 days. Visit this site for more info https://bulbsandbeyond.com/en/spring-flowering-bulbs/other-spring-flowering-bulbs/freesia.html
Which is option is best for you?
Japanese Barberry: This flower grows well in a rock garden. Small and spiny, it blooms in the spring and has reddish/purple leaves which alter to red and orange in the fall. The flowers are a light yellow and after that produce little red fruits. These flowers do not do well in truly cold climates.
Alpine Columbine: The colors of the flowers of the Alpine Columbine are violet and white and the leaves are bluish-green. These flowers come in a large range of hybrid colors and strains. These sturdy plants grow well in a variety of climates. They bloom from early May through to June. It is a popular option for a rock bed garden as they bring in hummingbirds.
Primrose: The Primrose blossoms early in the spring and is available in a variety of colors. They like cooler temperatures and do not like the direct sun for long periods of time in the hot summertime. There are a broad variety of Primroses.
Carpeting Bugle: The most common color of the Carpet Bugle flower is bluish-purple, however there likewise flowers that can be white or increased. It serves as practical ground cover in a garden. The color of the foliage can vary from green to bronze to purple. They flower from early spring to mid July. It is a fantastic plant to assist decrease soil disintegration. They endure well throughout dry spells.
Rock filled flower beds are a charming addition to any home. The key to preserving a growing flower garden is to understand what flowers will prosper in the environment and exactly what care is needed to keep them healthy and in flower.


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An in-depth look on how the upcoming WWE Draft can revive wrestling for the fans who love it.
Wrestling is not what it used to be, but there is always hope, and that is what the WWE Draft brings to its fans.
Many aspects of the wrestling industry can be affected by the draft. This will give you an idea on how the draft can better the wrestling industry not just for themselves, but the fans as well.


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Gentleman and a Van
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From the outset, dealing with Stuart, Jessica and their team was a very smooth and professional experience. As usual we left our moving until the last minute but it was no issue at all and Stuart was able to squeeze us in. Plus our move was like a game of Tetris as we needed items moved into the garage, plus items moved up 3 flights of stairs and then items ...read more
Cannot speak highly enough of Gentleman and a Van, fantastic customer service, professional and organised job, friendly movers. They made a stressful event run smoothly and without a hitch. From the head office team who return calls promptly and make the organisation simple, to the removalists who arrived right on time and conducted the move ...read more
Last move I did on my own was hectic & stressful. This time round I opted to get someone to help & after reading reviews & searching for the right removalist, I found these boys. Fantastic, helpful,reliable & efficient. Highly recommend. Great job boys
Sorry just realized the star rating - should have been 5 star
After moving 12 times in the last 10 years, I had come to dread the whole moving process. During my first phone call with Edward, I was impressed with the time and effort he took with providing me with the information I required followed by a thorough email outlining my move. My moving day was by far the most stress-free move that I have experienced with Edward ...read more
We used Gentleman And A Van to move us from Chatswood to Tennyson Point a few weeks ago and I can't praise these guys enough. From the time I first made contact with Stuart to get a quote until the boxes were picked up after the move, it was all easy and professional. Nothing was too much trouble, phone calls were returned, all questions were answered. On the ...read more
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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"I was thrilled when these invitations arrived. I did tons if personalization so I wasn't sure how it would turn it. It turned out perfectly! Couldn't be happier. I was surprised how much I loved the paper. It's a textured one which is the standard with the purchase. I added a picture to this review to show off the invitations"
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Home > Indexes > Addonics > AA25IDE35
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|A reader's comment following a news story about this theory: "I possess a SUNY Stony Brook (DPAS) doctorate in anthropological sciences, and have followed the macroevolution web page cited above for more than a year. McCarthy's hybrid hypothesis is elegantly elaborated and carefully integrated into the state-of-the-art genetics of our times. But much better than that, his work exhibits fine craft, rigorous scientific method, rare synthetic applications, fair intellectual play, and above all, readability. Stodgy naysayers run the risk of looking like the very kind of fundamentalists they loathe."
Teiresias: To you, I am mad; but not to your parents.
Oedipus: Wait! My parents? Who are my parents?
—Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus
(Continued from previous section)
And why might one suppose that humans are backcross hybrids of the sort just described? Well, the most obvious reason is that humans are highly similar to chimpanzees at the genetic level, closer than they are to any other animal. If we were descended from F₁ hybrids without any backcrossing we would be about halfway, genetically speaking, between chimpanzees and whatever organism was the other parent. But we're not. Genetically, we're close to chimpanzees, and yet we have many physical traits that distinguish us from chimpanzees. This exactly fits the backcross hypothesis.
Moreover, in mammalian hybrid crosses, the male hybrids are usually more sterile than are the females. In a commercial context, this fact means that livestock breeders typically backcross F₁ hybrids of the fertile sex back to one parent or the other. They do not, as a rule, produce new breeds by breeding the first cross hybrids among themselves. Often, even after a backcross, only the females are fertile among the resulting hybrids. So repeated backcrossing is typical. Commonly there are two or more generations of backcrossing before fertile hybrids of both sexes are obtained and the new breed can be maintained via matings among the hybrids themselves. More backcrossing tends to be necessary in cases where the parents participating in the original cross are more distantly related.
|Genomic effects of backcrossing in a typical hybrid cross:
A reader's comment: "Your conjecture is not unlike trying to reverse engineer a human being. Logically it all makes a good argument, down to the detailed level you've taken it to. I imagine that working with hybrids you HAVE to do that - even in cases where you may not think so. Logically your arguments make a lot of sense. And the corollaries and ramifications all seem to come true. I am impressed, frankly."
Stephen Garcia
Mechanical Design Engineer
Guanajuato, Mexico
Traits distinguishing humans from other primates
Many characteristics that clearly distinguish humans from chimps have been noted by various authorities over the years. The task of preliminarily identifying a likely pair of parents, then, is straightforward: Make a list of all such characteristics and then see if it describes a particular animal. One fact, however, suggests the need for an open mind: as it turns out, many features that distinguish humans from chimpanzees also distinguish them from all other primates. Features found in human beings, but not in other primates, cannot be accounted for by hybridization of a primate with some other primate. If hybridization is to explain such features, the cross will have to be between a chimpanzee and a nonprimate — an unusual, distant cross to create an unusual creature.
The fact that even modern-day humans are relatively infertile may be significant in this connection. If a hybrid population does not die out altogether, it will tend to improve in fertility with each passing generation under the pressure of natural selection. Fossils indicate that we have had at least 200,000 years to recover our fertility since the time that the first modern humans (Homo sapiens) appeared. The earliest creatures generally recognized as human ancestors (Ardipithecus, Orrorin) date to about six million years ago. So our fertility has had a very long time to improve. If we have been recovering for thousands of generations and still show obvious symptoms of sterility (see previous section), then our earliest human ancestors, if they were hybrids, must have suffered from an infertility that was quite severe. This line of reasoning, too, suggests that the chimpanzee might have produced Homo sapiens by crossing with a genetically incompatible mate, possibly even one outside the primate order.
For the present, I ask the reader to reserve judgment concerning the plausibility of such a cross. I'm an expert on hybrids and I can assure you that our understanding of hybridization at the molecular level is still far too vague to rule out the idea of a chimpanzee crossing with a nonprimate. Anyone who speaks with certainty on this point speaks from prejudice, not knowledge. No systematic attempts to cross distantly related mammals have been reported. However, in the only animal class (Pisces) where distant crosses have been investigated scientifically, the results have been surprisingly successful (399.6, 399.7, 399.8). In fact, there seems to be absolutely nothing to support the idea that inter-ordinal crosses (such as a cross between a primate and a nonprimate) are impossible, except what Thomas Huxley termed "the general and natural belief that deliberate and reiterated assertions must have some foundation." Besides, to deny that inter-ordinal mammalian crosses are possible would be to draw, at the outset of our investigation, a definite conclusion concerning the very hypothesis that we have chosen to investigate. Obviously, if humans were the product of such a cross, then such crosses would, in fact, be possible. We cannot tell, simply by supposing, whether such a thing is possible — we have to look at data.
The Other Parent
A list of traits distinguishing humans from other primates
Naked skin (sparse pelage)
Panniculus adiposus (layer of subcutaneous fat)
Panniculus carnosus only in face and neck
In "hairy skin" region:
- Thick epidermis
- Crisscrossing congenital lines on epidermis
- Patterned epidermal-dermal junction
Large content of elastic fiber in skin
Thermoregulatory sweating
Richly vascularized dermis
Normal host for the human flea (Pulex irritans)
Dermal melanocytes absent
Melanocytes present in matrix of hair follicle
Epidermal lipids contain triglycerides and free fatty acids
Lightly pigmented eyes common
Protruding, cartilaginous mucous nose
Narrow eye opening
Short, thick upper lip
Philtrum/cleft lip
Glabrous mucous membrane bordering lips
Heavy eyelashes
Short, dorsal spines on first six cervical vertebrae
Seventh cervical vertebrae:
- long dorsal spine
- transverse foramens
Fewer floating and more non-floating ribs
More lumbar vertebrae
Fewer sacral vertebrae
More coccygeal vertebrae (long "tail bone")
Centralized spine
Short pelvis relative to body length
Sides of pelvis turn forward
Sharp lumbo-sacral promontory
Massive gluteal muscles
Curved sacrum with short dorsal spines
Hind limbs longer than forelimbs
- Condyles equal in size
- Knock-kneed
- Elliptical condyles
- Deep intercondylar notch at lower end of femur
- Deep patellar groove with high lateral lip
- Crescent-shaped lateral meniscus with two tibial insertions
Short malleolus medialis
Talus suited strictly for extension and flexion of the foot
Long calcaneus relative to foot (metatarsal) length
Short digits (relative to chimpanzee)
Terminal phalanges blunt (ungual tuberosities)
Narrow pelvic outlet
Diverticulum at cardiac end of stomach
Valves of Kerkring present in small intestines
Mesenteric arterial arcades
Multipyramidal kidneys
Heart auricles level
Tricuspid valve of heart
Laryngeal sacs absent
Vocal ligaments
Prostate encircles urethra
Bulbo-urethral glands present
Os penis (baculum) absent.
Absence of periodic sexual swellings in female
Ischial callosities absent
Nipples low on chest
Bicornuate uterus (occasionally present in humans)
Labia majora
Brain lobes: frontal and temporal prominent
Thermoregulatory venous plexuses
Well-developed system of emissary veins
Enlarged nasal bones
Divergent eyes (interior of orbit visible from side)
Styloid process
Large occipital condyles
Primitive premolar
Large, blunt-cusped (bunodont) molars
Thick tooth enamel
Helical chewing
Nocturnal activity
Particular about place of defecation
Good swimmer, no fear of water
Extended male copulation time
Female orgasm
Short menstrual cycle
Terrestrialism (Non-arboreal)
Able to exploit a wide range of environments and foods
Heart attack
Cancer (melanoma)
Let's begin, then, by considering the list in the sidebar at right, which is a condensed list of traits distinguishing humans from chimpanzees — and all other nonhuman primates. Take the time to read this list and to consider what creature — of any kind — it might describe. Most of the items listed are of such an obscure nature that the reader might be hard pressed to say what animal might have them (only a specialist would be familiar with many of the terms listed, but all the necessary jargon will be defined and explained). For example, consider multipyramidal kidneys. It's a fact that humans have this trait, and that chimpanzees and other primates do not, but the average person on the street would probably have no idea what animals do have this feature.
Looking at a subset of the listed traits, however, it's clear that the other parent in this hypothetical cross that produced the first human would be an intelligent animal with a protrusive, cartilaginous nose, a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, short digits, and a naked skin. It would be terrestrial, not arboreal, and adaptable to a wide range of foods and environments. These traits may bring a particular creature to mind. In fact, a particular nonprimate does have, not only each of the few traits just mentioned, but every one of the many traits listed in the sidebar. Ask yourself: Is it likely that an animal unrelated to humans would possess so many of the "human" characteristics that distinguish us from primates? That is, could it be a mere coincidence? It's only my opinion, but I don't think so.
Of course, it must be admitted that two human traits do, at first, seem to pose a contradiction. The animal in question lacks a large brain and it is not bipedal. An analysis of the relevant anatomy, however, reveals that these two human features can be understood as synergistic (or heterotic) effects, resulting from the combination (in humans) of certain traits previously found only separately, in the two posited parent forms. (The origins of human bipedality is explained in terms of the the hybrid hypothesis in a subsequent section. Another section offers an explanation of the factors underlying human brain expansion and, therefore, accounts not only for the large size of the human brain itself, but also for certain distinctive features of the human skull that are, themselves, obvious consequences of brain expansion).
Nevertheless, even initially, these two flies in the theoretical ointment fail to obscure the remarkable fact that a single nonprimate has all of the simple, non-synergistic traits distinguishing humans from their primate kin. Such a finding is strongly consistent with the hypothesis that this particular animal once hybridized with the chimpanzee to produce the first humans. In a very simple manner, this assumption immediately accounts for a large number of facts that otherwise appear to be entirely unrelated.
What is this other animal that has all these traits? The answer is Sus scrofa, the ordinary pig. What are we to think of this fact? If we conclude that pigs did in fact cross with apes to produce the human race, then an avalanche of old ideas must crash to the earth. But, of course, the usual response to any new perspective is "That can't be right, because I don't already believe it." This is the very response that many people had when Darwin first proposed that humans might be descended from apes, an idea that was perceived as ridiculous, or even as subversive and dangerous. And yet, today this exact viewpoint is widely entertained. Its wide acceptance can be attributed primarily to the established fact that humans hold many traits in common with primates. That's what made it convincing. But perhaps Darwin told only half the story. We believe that humans are related to chimpanzees because humans share so many traits with chimpanzees. Is it not rational then also, if pigs have all the traits that distinguish humans from other primates, to suppose that humans are also related to pigs? Let us take it as our hypothesis, then, that humans are the product of ancient hybridization between pig and chimpanzee. Given the facts presented in the discussion of stabilization theory on this website, it seems highly likely that humans are hybrids of some kind. This particular hypothesis concerning the nature of our parentage is, as we shall see, a fruitful one. For the present there's no need to make a definite decision on the matter, but certain lines of reasoning do suggest the idea should be taken seriously:
A reader's comment: "Wow! I learned of this site and your pig-chimpanzee-hybrid paper only a few hours ago, and have been stuck here ever since. Fantastic work...Anyway, I look forward to reading more. I know you call this only a hypothesis and not yet a theory, but it sure calls for some 'splainin'. Thanks!"
—Edward Falkowski
Boulder, Colorado, USA
My response to a reader who recently wrote in to say that the only convincing evidence for this theory would be sequence data: I'm not saying pig DNA in the human genome "would not" be detectable. That's putting words in my mouth. I'm saying "might not." Or, better, "could easily have been missed without this guiding hypothesis." You seem to somehow be assuming that it isn't there. As far as I'm concerned, maybe it is, maybe it isn't. But if it is, obviously, it's not obvious. As to sequence data, in my opinion, your view of what constitutes evidence needs to be widened. It seems a bit much to insist that the only thing that can convince anyone of anything is sequence evidence. If that's true, then law courts will have to throw out all the murder weapons, eyewitness testimony, alibis and everything else, and focus instead on DNA evidence alone, because DNA, if what you're saying is true, is the only evidence that has any meaning. But you know that's not right. And I think you therefore have to admit that you're showing a certain bias here. Besides, I'm not making a strong statement. I'm only saying that, given the likely circumstances (an initial cross between chimpanzee and pig, followed by several generations of backcrossing to chimpanzee), analyzing the genetic data and reaching any strong conclusions is likely to be a pain.
A detailed discussion of the genetics touching on this question appears here.
|A reader's comment: "Gosh, what a mass of analysis, comparison and so forth. Will take me a while to really read all this rather than skimming through it as I've started doing this evening."
|A reader's comment: "A friend pointed me to your site during a conversation the other day and I spent a while reading the site. It seems more plausible to me than gradualism for what we observe in human, chimp, and pig biological structures and their abnormal distribution across species, as you pointed out. In our conversation we concluded that with pigs and chimpanzees, there would have only had to have been one successful offspring that was still fertile with chimpanzees, with the child having multiple surviving, fertile offspring. We guessed that because of simian group dynamics it would probably have to be a female offspring, a male that was unusual would be unlikely to have mating opportunities with the rest of their group but a strange female would still be acceptable to at least some of the male members of the group. And it would only have to happen once."
|A reader's comment: "The theory overcomes the creationist's objection to gradualism and the evidence for pig ape hybridity has no stronger scientific competition. Open your mind and look at the facts. Consider how it might be true. Let go of your prejudices and misinformations. Not all hybrids are sterile. Examples of hybrid crosses are common in nature, including fertile ones. Admittedly transordinal crosses are unusual, but then we are extraordinary."
For my own part, curiosity has carried me away from my old idea of reality. I no longer know what to believe. Is it possible that so many biologists might be wrong about the nature of human origins? Is it possible for a pig to hybridize with a chimpanzee? I have no way of knowing at present, but I have no logical or evidential basis for rejecting the idea. Before dismissing such a notion, I would want to be sure on some logical, evidentiary basis that I actually should dismiss it. The ramifications of any misconception on this point seem immense. As Huxley put it long ago, "The question of questions for mankind — the problem which underlies all others, and is more deeply interesting than any other — is the ascertainment of the place which Man occupies in nature."
Are we simply another type of primate, like the chimpanzee or the baboon? Or are we a complex melange, an alloy of two very distinct forms of life? These are questions that can only be resolved by examining the evidence. I invite the reader to consider these two possibilities as simple hypotheses, to consider the data coldly, and then to determine which of the two is more consistent with available evidence.
By the same author: Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World, Oxford University Press (2006).
A comment from the website Skeptophilia:
If you read the ENTIRE website written by McCarthy, you will find that there are mountains of evidence going back centuries to support "stabilization processes" being the true origin of species and that Darwin's and the Neo-Darwinian view that natural selection alone could account for the evolution of species is not supported by the fossil record or by common sense when compared to the changes brought about by the enormous chromosomal changes inherent ONLY through hybridization.
Be a true skeptic. Read the WHOLE website and challenge everything you "know" about evolution.
Get over the chimp-pig hybrid thing for now, because you haven't even begun to open your mind to that. This isn't quack science. It's a revolutionary shift in understanding evolution itself — not an understatement.
His evidence doesn't stop at sperm abnormalities in human beings — to claim that indicates you didn't even read the entire article, let alone understand it. There is a mountain of evidence and observations that you are leaving out.
The origin of ALL species is McCarthy's goal here, and he knocks it out of the park.
|A much-appreciated chat message I received about the comments from Skeptophilia quoted above: Hi Gene — I read the article you included — very good come-back from those you quoted — I thoroughly agree with them both. Every new theory meets exactly this same reaction — you are upsetting the apple-cart - they can't handle it - stay cool, plenty of people LOVE new ideas. The biggest single problem is that of status quo — those whose positions are threatened by anything new that THEY did not think of. It is a threat to their smug lives, and the definition of who the 'experts' are — you make them look like idiots, they are not going to support you. The Internet is giving us all so much education we would have never happened upon otherwise. Love it. Remember you have many supporters now. Bye for now.
"@notcreative388: @AtheneJones Are humans hybrids?. http://t.co/IOCcsJ9KpM" very interesting— The Scunner (@Scunner666) July 27, 2014
A weird, crazy, and compelling theory of human evolution: we're descended from a primate+pig hybrid. http://t.co/CpBGCyZXu1 by @bengoertzel— Andron Ocean (@AndronOcean) September 28, 2013
Wow. Very interesting theory that humans didn't just evolve from apes, but hybridization w/ pigs and backcrossing http://t.co/ORDveqIokE— Ryan (@QuasarLazer) September 24, 2013
http://t.co/N2fclvuU6v more on the astounding chimp-pig hybrid. The evidence appears overwhelming we're partly porcine... #weird— jrms (@jrms) August 4, 2013
@macroevo - I think I just became kosher. http://t.co/BebXbavhy7— Bryan Goldstein (@brysgo) September 13, 2013
Just discovered @Macroevo and can't stop reading everything in site (pun intended lol).— John Curato (@johncurato) December 24, 2013
Most shared on Macroevolution.net:


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