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Organic synthesis
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Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of organic compounds via organic reactions. Organic molecules often contain a higher level of complexity than purely inorganic compounds, so that the synthesis of organic compounds has developed into one of the most important branches of organic chemistry. There are several main areas of research within the general area of organic synthesis: total synthesis, semisynthesis, and methodology.
Total synthesis[edit]
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A total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple, commercially available (petrochemical) or natural precursors. [1][page needed] Total synthesis may be accomplished either via a linear or convergent approach.[citation needed] In a linear synthesis—often adequate for simple structures—several steps are performed one after another until the molecule is complete; the chemical compounds made in each step are called synthetic intermediates.[citation needed] For more complex molecules, a convergent synthetic approach may be preferable, one that involves individual preparation of several "pieces" (key intermediates), which are then combined to form the desired product.[citation needed]
Robert Burns Woodward, who received the 1965 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for several total syntheses[citation needed] (e.g., his 1954 synthesis of strychnine[2][non-primary source needed]), is regarded as the father of modern organic synthesis. Some latter-day examples include Wender's,[citation needed] Holton's,[citation needed] Nicolaou's,[citation needed] and Danishefsky's[citation needed] total syntheses of the anti-cancer therapeutic, paclitaxel (trade name, Taxol).[citation needed]
Methodology and applications[edit]
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Each step of a synthesis involves a chemical reaction, and reagents and conditions for each of these reactions must be designed to give an adequate yield of pure product, with as little work as possible.[3][page needed] A method may already exist in the literature for making one of the early synthetic intermediates, and this method will usually be used rather than an effort to "reinvent the wheel". However, most intermediates are compounds that have never been made before, and these will normally be made using general methods developed by methodology researchers. To be useful, these methods need to give high yields, and to be reliable for a broad range of substrates. For practical applications, additional hurdles include industrial standards of safety and purity.[4][non-primary source needed]
Methodology research usually involves three main stages: discovery, optimisation, and studies of scope and limitations.[citation needed] The discovery requires extensive knowledge of and experience with chemical reactivities of appropriate reagents.[citation needed] Optimisation is a process in which one or two starting compounds are tested in the reaction under a wide variety of conditions of temperature, solvent, reaction time, etc., until the optimum conditions for product yield and purity are found.[citation needed] Finally, the researcher tries to extend the method to a broad range of different starting materials, to find the scope and limitations.[citation needed] Total syntheses (see above) are sometimes used to showcase the new methodology and demonstrate its value in a real-world application.[citation needed] Such applications involve major industries focused especially on polymers (and plastics) and pharmaceuticals.[citation needed]
Stereoselective synthesis[edit]
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Most complex natural products are chiral, and the bioactivity of chiral molecules varies with the enantiomer.[citation needed] Historically, total syntheses targeted racemic mixtures, mixtures of both possible enantiomers, after which the racemic mixture might then be separated via chiral resolution.[citation needed]
In the later half of the twentieth century, chemists began to develop methods of stereoselective catalysis and kinetic resolution whereby reactions could be directed to produce only one enantiomer rather than a racemic mixture.[citation needed] Early examples include stereoselective hydrogenations (e.g., as reported by William Knowles[citation needed] and Ryōji Noyori[citation needed]), and functional group modifications such as the asymmetric epoxidation of Barry Sharpless;[citation needed] for these specific achievements, these workers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001.[5] Such reactions gave chemists a much wider choice of enantiomerically pure molecules to start from, where previously only natural starting materials could be used.[citation needed] Using techniques pioneered by Robert B. Woodward and new developments in synthetic methodology,[citation needed] chemists became more able to take simple molecules through to more complex molecules without unwanted racemisation, by understanding stereocontrol,[citation needed] allowing final target molecules to be synthesised pure enantiomers (i.e., without need for resolution). Such techniques are referred to as stereoselective synthesis.[citation needed]
Synthesis design[edit]
Elias James Corey brought a more formal approach to synthesis design, based on retrosynthetic analysis, for which he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1990. In this approach, the synthesis is planned backwards from the product, using standard rules.[6][page needed] The steps "breaking down" the parent structure into achievable component parts are shown in a graphical scheme that uses retrosynthetic arrows (drawn as ⇒, which in effect, mean "is made from").
More recently,[when?] and less widely accepted,[citation needed] computer programs have been written for designing a synthesis based on sequences of generic "half-reactions".[7]
See also[edit]
- Organic Syntheses, a monograph-type publication whose chapters that gives detailed, peer-tested laboratory procedures.
- Methods in Organic Synthesis, a journal
Specialized methods[edit]
- Electrosynthesis, a synthetic method that uses electricity to initiate a desired chemical reaction.
- ^ Nicolaou, K. C.; Sorensen, E. J. (1996). Classics in Total Synthesis. New York: VCH.[page needed]
- ^ Woodward, R. B.; Cava, M. P.; Ollis, W. D.; Hunger, A.; Daeniker, H. U.; Schenker, K. (1954). "The Total Synthesis of Strychnine". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (18): 4749–4751. doi:10.1021/ja01647a088.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ March, J.; Smith, D. (2001). Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. New York: Wiley.[page needed]
- ^ Carey, J.S.; Laffan, D.; Thomson, C. & Williams, M.T. (2006). "Analysis of the reactions used for the preparation of drug candidate molecules". Org. Biomol. Chem. (print, online research report). 4: 2337–2347. doi:10.1039/B602413K. [non-primary source needed]
- ^ Service. R.F. (2001). "Science Awards Pack a Full House of Winners" (print, online science news). Science. 294 (5542; October 19): 503–505. doi:10.1126/science.294.5542.503b. PMID 11641480. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ Corey, E. J.; Cheng, X-M. (1995). The Logic of Chemical Synthesis. New York: Wiley.[page needed]
- ^ Todd, Matthew H. (2005). "Computer-aided Organic Synthesis". Chemical Society Reviews. 34 (3): 247–266. doi:10.1039/b104620a. PMID 15726161.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Organic syntheses.


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'The Hobbit' director Peter Jackson has revealed he thinks it's unlikely for his new venture into Middle Earth to collect any acting Oscars.
In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, he reflects: "I wish it was a year where we could celebrate Ian McKellen as supporting actor, or Martin Freeman - or Andy Serkis, for that matter - as a supporting actor... the acting awards seem to elude us, at least for these types of films. I don't know why."
Jackson, whose 'Lord of the Rings' trilogy collected an outstanding 17 Academy Awards in total, including 11 for its final 'Return of the King', is more confident in technical 'below the line" categories.
Meanwhile, Air New Zealand have released more behind the scenes footage of 'The Hobbit' actors filming around Middle Earth - WATCH ABOVE.
And the film's cast and crew stepped out last night in New York for the US premiere of the film, which opens in UK cinemas next week. See pictures below of Peter Jackson, Martin Freeman and company on the red carpet...
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The La's will play their first festival in six years in August, reports NME.
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The Compost System at the University of British Columbia Date of Submission: April 25, 2007 Course: CHBE 484: Green Engineering Principles Professor: Tony Bi Authors: Charles Ng Geoffrey Guest Sergey Aleksin Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................3 The Composting machine and Surrounding Facility...................................................................4 UBC Compost Pick-Up Route ..................................................................................................6 Compost Bin LCA..................................................................................................................11 Bin Moulding...................................................................................................................12 Polyethylene Production..............................................................................................12 Ethylene Production......................................................................................................13 Bin Recycling ..................................................................................................................14 Remarks...........................................................................................................................14 Table 3 - Energy Distribution for a Single Bin .................................................................14 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................15 i) Recording Equipment Use...........................................................................................15 ii) Recording External Inputs other than Fuel and Water ...................................................16 iii) Integrating water consumption at the UBC compost machine ....................................16 iv) Suggestions for educating the Students and Public on Composting...........17 v) Increase the number of compost tours ..........................................................................17 vi) Volunteer/Student Involvement with the Plant Op. Facility .......................................17 vii) Composting poster in several languages ...................................................................18 viii) Write a list of what is compostable on the small compost bins available ....................18 ix) Marking on garbage cans what should not be thrown into them .................................18 x) Put a small compost bin in every club room and staff room across campus....................18 xi) Use a higher capacity truck to reduce trips................................................................18 xii) Increase the number of bins at high-waste locations. .................................................19 xiii) Switch to clean energy vehicles................................................................................19 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................19 Appendix A: Calculations................................................................................................20 Compost Bin Calculations...................................................................................................20 Appendix B: Further Statistics and Data........................................................................22 References..........................................................................................................................26 1 List of Tables Table 1: Yearly Tonnage of Compostable Material at the University of BC ..................... 3 Table 2: Summary of Annual Consumption....................................................................... 6 Table 3 - Energy Distribution for a Single Bin................................................................. 14 Table 4: Equipment Recording Sample ............................................................................ 16 List of Figures Figure 1: A photo of the Compost Machine at UBC South Campus................................. 4 Figure 2: The inside of the empty compost machine.......................................................... 5 Figure 3 - Bin distribution between different locations in UBC......................................... 7 Figure 4 - Monthly amount of picked-up bins in 2006....................................................... 8 Figure 5 - Average daily amount of picked-up bins in 2006 by month.............................. 9 Figure 7 - Mapped bin locations for each of the three pick-up days ................................ 10 2 CHBE 484: Green Engineering Principles April 25, 2007 The Compost System at the University of British Columbia Authors: Ng, Charles; Guest, Geoffrey; Aleksin, Sergey. Introduction The University of British Columbia has been composting on campus for several years now and this paper discusses a few key areas surrounding this system. Firstly, this assessment will look at the composting machine located on the South Campus of UBC. Next, the compost route will be analyzed in some detail and finally a life cycle analysis of the compost bins will be shown. It was found that the Greater Vancouver Regional District as a whole throws out waste that is 45.37% organic or 226.32 kg/yr/person, and 16.2% of the total waste came from food wastes (Technology Resource Inc., 2005.). UBC Waste Management also found that 70% of all waste on campus can be composted and 35% of all waste on campus is food waste. The following table offers an estimation of how much organic material passes through UBC in a year: Table 1: Yearly Tonnage of Compostable Material at the University of BC 3 Source: (Allan, 2001) All of the material in Table 1 was recyclable, and if it were over one year the daily capacity would be 4.77 tonnes per day if all 365 days of the year were considered working composting days, and 6.86 tonnes per day if the current working days at the compost facility were considered to be 254 days per annum (15 weekdays off plus the weekends throughout the year). Since the compost machine can handle a maximum of 5 tonnes per week the UBC compost machine could not handle the total amount of compost according to table 1 if only work days are considered as compostable days. The Composting machine and Surrounding Facility The compost machine at UBC is a Wright Environmental model 5TPD and its total daily capacity is 5 tonnes per day. The unit requires about 200,000 kWh of power per year and consumes about 132.5 L a day or 33.7 m^3 per year (www.wrightenvironmental.com). Figure 1: A photo of the Compost Machine at UBC South Campus 4 Figure 2: The inside of the empty compost machine One of the labourers at the south campus facility told us that each weekday they mix 8 backhoe scoops of bark mulch with 16 compost bins two times a day into the compost machine. The backhoe barrel was estimated to be 0.3 cubic meters. The compost bins have a volume of 140 L or 0.140 cubic meters. The average bin that gets thrown in the compost machine is 75% to its capacity so the daily compost volume was estimated to be 3.36 cubic meters. In total, the volume of compost and bark mulch that enters the compost machine per day is 8.16 m3. The compost from the bins in combination with the bark mulch was estimated to have a density of 250 kg/m3, so the total daily mass input into the composter was estimated to be 840 kg/day or 213 tonnes per year of compost and 1200 kg/day and 305 tonnes per year of bark mulch for a total of 2.04 tonnes per day or 518 tonnes per year of compostable material. Since the maximum capacity is 5 tonnes per day, the compost machine is working at well under half of its maximum capacity and is able to handle 2.96 tonnes per day more organic matter. If the bark mulch to compost ratio is maintained at 1.42 m3 bark mulch per 1 m3 of compost and the density of the bark mulch and compost is assumed equal at 250 kg/m3, then the compost machine could handle another 46 bins of compost accompanied with 23 scoops of bark mulch per work day. 5 A current Plant Op employee who works at the compost facility said she cleans out every bin that gets dumped and uses an estimated 3 L per bin or an average of 96 L per day and 24.4 m^3 per year. The total annual water consumption (Compost machine and bin washing) was estimated to be 58.0 m3 per year. The following table summarizes the results surrounding the compost machine: Table 2: Summary of Annual Consumption Summary of Annual Consumption energy consumption 2.00E+05 kWhwater consumption 5.80E+01 m^3 per yearCompost from bins 2.13E+02 tonnes per yearbark mulch 3.05E+02 tonnes per year compost produced 5.18E+02 tonnes per year UBC Compost Pick-Up Route The main objective of analyzing the UBC compost pick-up route was to account for and minimize indirect emissions associated with compost life cycle, such as emissions from the trucks used to collect the organic material from the bins. The analysis was based on the weekly 2006 data provided by the waste management facility in UBC. Currently, there are 138 bins, which have to be picked-up and emptied each week from 47 different locations on campus. The following chart gives a general idea of the bin distribution. 6 Figure 3 - Bin distribution between different locations in UBC As it can be observed from the chart, the majority of bins (almost 40%) are located in Totem Park and Place Vanier residences and in the Student Union Building (SUB). This can be explained by a simple fact that these areas have high human traffic with approximately 2,500 people living and eating three times a day in the residences and a large portion of UBC population having meals in the SUB. Other locations have much smaller amount of bins (1-5), which are distributed over the entire campus area. Figure 4 shows the total number of bins picked-up per month for the year 2006. As it can be observed, the total number of picked-up bins increased by the end of the year, which indicates the growing public awareness for composting. Also, there is a drop in the number of picked-up bins from May to August that can be explained by the fact that most of the students are away for summer holidays. The slight drop in the number of picked-up bins in February can be explained by the fact that it is a shorter month and that some students leave campus for the reading break. The drop in the number of picked-up bins in December is consistent with Christmas holidays. 7 Figure 4 - Monthly amount of picked-up bins in 2006 Figure 5 shows the average number of bins picked-up per day for each month in 2006 and the total number of pick-up days per month (red line). It can be seen that the number of monthly pick-up days where the truck needed to empty and collect the organic material from the bins increased from 9 to 12 in 2006, which resulted in higher emission rates from the truck's internal combustion engine. 12 pick-up days per month is equivalent to 3 pick-up days per week. 8 The truck used for the bin pick-up (shown inbins, so based on the average nummonths) two trips per pick-up day are necessa Figure 5 - Average daily amount of picked-up bins in 2006 by month Figure 6 below) can hold approximately 32 ber of bins picked-up per day (~50 during school ry. Also, there are 56 bins per week, which are picked up from the off-campus location called Quest located on 1217 East Georgia Street. Two trips should be made to this location per week. The map on the next page shows the on-campus locations of the bins and the day of the week they are getting picked-up. Figure 6 - Bin pick-up truck 9 Figure 7 - Mapped bin locations for each of the three pick-up days 10 Google Earth software was used to estimate the distance of the pick-up route for each pick-up day taking into the account that two trips per pick-up day should be made from the waste management facility and back. On average, the distance travelled per pick-up day is 40 km and the round trip to the off-site location is 33 km. The total distance travelled per month would be [(40*3) + (33*2)]*4 = 744 km. It was assumed that truck's idling time was 2 minutes per bin, which results in total idling time of 26 hours per month. Fuel consumption of the truck is approximately 0.2 L/km based on city driving and idling, bringing total consumption to 4 L/hr. This results in the total monthly fuel consumption of 250 L. Taking the gasoline price of 110 cents/L and multiplying it by 250 L/month yields $275/month. Originally, the plan was to optimize the pick-up route to reduce the fuel consumption and, therefore, emissions. It was found out that the existing route is already efficient since all the bins are located in the close proximity to each other and to the main roads, which are West Mall, Main Mall and Westbrook Mall. Compost Bin LCA A life cycle analysis (LCA) takes into account the resource usage and environmental impact of consumer goods from the initial materials extraction all the way to usage and disposal. A full life analysis of materials, costs, and energy requirements would be too extensive. This exercise focused specifically on estimating the energy required to make a single compost bin. The process was broken down into four steps: ethylene production, polyethylene production, bin moulding, and bin recycling. The container in question was SSI Schaefer's "Compostainer"; the dark green containers are used across UBC campus. The containers on campus are the 140 L variety though 120 L and 240 L versions exist. 11 Bin Moulding The analysis began at the moulding phase where high density polyethylene (HDPE) is injection moulded into the compost bins. The step was the perfect starting point because the mass of HDPE and required energy are directly related to the weight of the finished container To model the energy usage, the process was broken down to three steps: heating HDPE to its melting point, melting the HDPE, and heating the HDPE to the processing temperature. Heat capacity, temperature values, and heat of fusion were found through literature. Bin weight (27 lbs) was provided by the manufacturer, 3 lbs were subtracted in the following calculations to account for wheels and axles. Both parts were not included in this analysis. Pump loads for cooling water or air were assumed to be zero. ()()[]kJTCpTTCpWEnergycommatwebwwwCaletGuemkgkJaletGuemCTCTcommatwebwwwkgKkJCpSupportCustomerSchaeferSSIkglbsWWeightmeltambientmeltmeltambient6218TH)..(210T)(165H)(4.12525)..(2.2)(87.1024processfprocessf=−++−=°==°=°===== Polyethylene Production In this step the HDPE is made from ethylene gas. The polymerization reaction is highly exothermic, thus diluents are usually mixed with the ethylene beforehand. Ziegler-Natta catalysis is used in most processes to promote the crystalline structure that separates high density from low density polyethylene. 12 The key to modelling this step was the activation energy. It was assumed that the reaction proceeds spontaneously once the initial levels were met, and once again pump loads for cooling water are ignored. kJAEMwtWEnergykmolkgMwtethyleneweightMolecularaletFernandeskmolkJAEenergyActivationkgW1460528)(3762087.10=×====== Ethylene Production The ethylene used in the HDPE is the result of ethane cracking where steam is added to an ethane stream then fed into a catalytic reactor. A side product from the reaction is solid carbon (coke) which is burned off to regenerate the catalyst and produces energy. Because of the complicated nature of this reaction, the process was instead modelled using the heats of formation and the process efficiency. )..(65.084680)..//:(52280)..//:(302887.103226224262comqenoswwwyieldethylenekmolkJethaneHedusdsuenergyhttpkmolkJethyleneHedusdsuenergyhttpkmolkgethaneMwtkmolkgethyleneMwtkgWHCHCHHCHC==−=°=°===+→+→η 13 []()kJtotalEnergykJethaneHethyleneMwtWreactionEnergykJethaneHethyleneHethyleneMwtWreactionEnergy70871)(1770111)2(53170)1(==°−⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−==°−°=η Bin Recycling HDPE products are a hundred percent recyclable and compost bins are no exception. Most recycled HDPE products are composed of old and new material, this is done to maintain certain percentages of crystalline structure so that material performance is not compromised. In terms of energy requirements, using old material was similar to the bin moulding step since the HDPE is melted down and reformed. However, using new material would include all three of the previous steps: ethane is cracked to ethylene, the ethylene is polymerized, and then the HDPE is moulded to shape. ()kJtotalenergykJERmaterialnewenergykJERmaterialoldenergyCruzRmaterialrecycledibin27588)(229241)(4664)()(%75==−==×===∑ Remarks The following table lists the results of the analysis. Table 3 - Energy Distribution for a Single Bin Step Energy Required (kJ) Distribution (%) Bin moulding 6218 5.2 Polyethylene production 14605 12.3 Ethylene production 70871 59.4 Bin recycling 27588 23.1 14 The largest energy requirement was producing the ethylene though steam cracking, recycling also took a lot of energy simply because it uses a portion of virgin HDPE. Making the bin completely out of virgin HDPE would require 91694 kJ, considerably less than a recycled bin. The flaws of the LCA were apparent; precise values could not be obtained and processes were heavily simplified. The system boundary did not extend all the way back to materials extraction either. One could make a claim against recycling given its sizable percentage which demonstrates how the interpretation of LCA results can lead to false conclusions. The LCA is still a useful tool for comparing and quantifying resource requirements, but one must be aware of the assumptions and boundaries before arriving to a conclusion. Recommendations The recommendations surrounding the UBC compost system will be broken down into sub-headings with each recommendation roman numerically numbered. i) Recording Equipment Use There are a number of periphery units of operation that are necessary to allow for the UBC Composting system to work properly, and they should be accounted for to better integrate the entire system as efficiently as possible. The bark mulch comes from organic material dispersed around campus. It consists of wood debris and leaf matter that is heavily collected during the fall and winter months. The machines and equipment used to collect this material consist of leaf blowers to gather the leaf matter, a backhoe to dump the piles into a container and a truck to deliver the bins of organic matter to South Campus where a wood chipper, tub-grinder and contaminant screener are used to further process the organic waste. 15 When interviewing Grazyna, one of the head gardeners at UBC, she was unable to provide us with any quantifiable information with regards to the amount of time and fuel consumed while using the above equipment. Also, as described in the UBC compost route section, two trucks are currently being utilized to pick up the compost bins on campus. There has been no information recorded on a regular basis as to how much fuel is consumed by these vehicles. It would be quite a simple additional requirement of the UBC Plant Operation Employees to record information in to a simple table with similar headings as the following: Table 4: Equipment Recording Sample Plant Op. Department Final Purpose equipment used operating hours type of fuel used volume of fuel (L) Date of Use The above table could be more directly specified to each piece of equipment or vehicle used to simplify the number of options needed to be filled out. For instance, if a table is used for just the leaf blower, tests could be done to measure the average fuel consumption so all the operator needs to record is their department, final purpose, operating hours and date of use. ii) Recording External Inputs other than Fuel and Water The final use of the compost being produced is used to nourish the foliage around UBC campus; therefore, it should be imperative to analyze how effective the compost being produced is at maintaining UBC's greenery and what extra additives are needed to sustain such growth. For instance, how much petroleum based fertilizer and pesticides are used in the campus soil. iii) Integrating water consumption at the UBC compost machine It was suggested by Brenda Sawada that there may be a possibility of reusing the water used to rinse out the compost bins for the water needed in the compost machine. This is 16 certainly an idea worth looking more closely at because, as shown in the compost machine section, around 34 m^3 of water per year is used by the compost machine and around 24 m^3 of water is used to rinse out the compost bins. If the water from cleaning the bins was collected into a reservoir the compost machine could quite easily be retrofitted to pump up water from that source rather than directly from the City of Vancouver water system. iv) Suggestions for educating the Students and Public on Composting Clearly the biggest obstacle found in better utilizing the compost system is the reluctance for the public to compost. Several recommendations are suggested to give students more motivation to compost. v) Increase the number of compost tours Tours of compost machine located at UBC south campus are currently being done but the number of tours could be increased to a much higher level. There could be a mandatory program created for those living in residences that include Totem, Vanier, Gage and Fairview to go on one of these tours at the beginning of the year. Of course this only covers a less than majority percentage of UBC students but it would greatly increase composting awareness across campus. Compost tours could also be offered as a field trip to courses which deal with topics similar to composting and waste. vi) Volunteer/Student Involvement with the Plant Op. Facility UBC Plant Operations could offer several volunteer programs where students could be trained to give tours or could work few hours a week promoting composting all across UBC. This recommendation is complementary to many of the other educational recommendations because it will take many volunteers to make the compost system at UBC a better success. Also more student volunteers in this sector at UBC will create a more open and creative dialogue with the full time workers in the various Plant Op. departments that are connected to the compost system. 17 vii) Composting poster in several languages Vancouver is a very ethnically diverse city, especially at UBC, so it may be quite effective to promote composting using posters around campus that are dictated in several different languages. This recommendation could really catch the eyes of those who are most fluent in Mandarin, Japanese, Chinese, or Spanish. viii) Write a list of what is compostable on the small compost bins available A fellow student in CHBE 484 mentioned how it is not stated on the small compost bins what can and cannot be composted. She was unaware that paper towel is a compostable item that is suitable for such uses as general foliage compost around UBC campus. Since the small bins are potentially what most composters first throw their compost into, it is of key necessity to mention what is suitable to be thrown into them. ix) Marking on garbage cans what should not be thrown into them Coming from a different angle, the garbage cans around UBC could have labels put on them that say what should not be thrown into them; this list could consist of both recyclable and compostable items. x) Put a small compost bin in every club room and staff room across campus Most faculties and programs have a place where students and teachers can hang out to relax or eat lunch. It would be quite a simple task to put these compost bins into these places. Students and teachers from each program could volunteer to maintain the bins and throw the compost from the small bins into the bigger bins which would be located outside the building. If this system is found unworkable the janitorial service people could easily take on this role as well. xi) Use a higher capacity truck to reduce trips. With the growing number of bins on campus, increasing the capacity of the truck would be necessary to prevent multiple trips per day. Also, with a truck capacity of 50 bins only one trip to Quest would be needed each week. 18 xii) Increase the number of bins at high-waste locations. Some locations produce a greater amount of organic waste than the bins can hold, so two trips per week are required for these locations. Increasing the number of bins would reduce the number of trips to one per week. xiii) Switch to clean energy vehicles. In the future, when the hydrogen fuel cell and electric battery vehicles become economically feasible, switching to those types of vehicles would reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly. Conclusion The UBC campus has a robust composting campaign that has considerably reduced organic wastes and created added value through quality compost. This study found that while expansion is definitely possible, initiatives to reduce contamination was the greatest concern; several ideas were suggested such as increasing the number of compost tours. A route analysis found that the current bin placements are efficient and do not need changes. Life cycle analysis (LCA) on the composting bins shows that recycled plastic offers significant energy savings, though the study suffered from common difficulties and criticisms of LCA. 19 Appendix A: Calculations Compost Bin Calculations Backhoe bucket volume = 0.3 m^3 Compost bin volume = 0.140 m3Average bin capacity = 75% Bark mulch and compost density = 250 kg/m3Compost loads per day = 2 Bins per load = 16 Bark Mulch scoops per load = 8 Number of bins 100% full of compost coming from Quest = 56 bins/week Volume of compost per day = 16 bins/load*2 loads/day*0.140 m3/bin*0.75 capacity = 3.36 m3 compost/day = 3.36 m3*250 kg/m3 = 840 kg compost/day Volume of bark mulch per day = 8 scoops/load*2 loads/day*0.3 m3/scoop = = 4.8 m3 bark mulch/day = 4.8 m3/day*250 kg/m3 = 1200 kg bark mulch/day Workdays/year = 365 total days/year – 15work days for holiday/year – 12months/year*8weedenddays/month weekend days per year = 254 workdays/year Total mass of compost and bark mulch entering composter per day = 840 kg compost per day + 1200 kg bark mulch per day = 2040 kg/day = 2.04 tonnes/day Ratio of bark much to compost = 4.8 m3 bark mulch per day/3.36 m3 compost per day 20 = 1.428 Mass of compost coming from Quest = 56 bins/week*250 kg/m3 = 1960 kg/week Mass of organic material that could be added = 5 – 2.04 = 2.96 tonnes/day Number of bins that could be added per week day, x = 250 kg/m3*.140 m3/bin* 0.75 capacity*(x+1.428*x) = 2960 kg Solving the above equation gives x = 46.4 bins/week day Rounding down, the compost machine could handle 46 more bins per week day with 23 scoops of bark mulch accompanied with it. Increased number of bins per 5 day week = 46 more bins/day*5 days/week = 230 bins/5dayweek Increased number of bins per 7 day week = 230 bins + 46 more bins/day*2 + 32 bins/day*2 = 386 bins/7dayweek Water consumption from compost machine = 132.5 L/day*365 days/year*0.001 m3/L = 33.7 m3/year Water consumption from washing bins = 3 L/bin*32 bins/workdays*254 workdays* 0.001 m3/day = 24.4 m3/year Total water consumption = 33.7 + 24.4 = 58 m3/year 21 Appendix B: Further Statistics and Data Table 5: Recorded bins picked up from December to January Compost Bin Route12/ 12/ 2006 13/ 12/ 2006 15/ 12/ 2006 18/ 12/ 2006 19/ 12/ 2006 22/ 12/ 2006 02/ 01/ 2007 03/ 01/ 2007 05/ 01/ 2007 09/ 01/ 2007 10/ 01/ 2007 11/ 01/ 2007 15,18,19/ 01/ 07Locat ions (Tuesday) Wednesday Fr i day Monday Tuesday Fr i day Tuesday Wednesday Fr i day Tuesday Wednesday Thur sday (M/Th/F--1wk)#of bins collected collected collected collected collected collected collected collected collected collected collected collected common wkAcadi Park Com. Garden 4 3 4 143 44 4Blv Rosting Cfe Co 2 1 322 12 2Green College 3 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 3Hawt horn Bldg D 1 1 1 1 1 1Sage/ Koerner 1 1St Jo h n '2s 33 4SUB/ Pacific Spirt prk 145 8138 7 5 10 16Totem 20 2 16 12 5 2 3 11 10Vanier 18 3 18 10 10 6 10 20Tim Hor t ons 21 2AERL 2 1 1Geography 1 1Hawt horn BLDG A 11 11Hawthorne Greens 1 1Norman Mackenzie Hosue 11 2Promontory 2 1 1 1reboot @ ICICS 11Ri t z Ho u se 1St James House-Hampton Place 1 2Scar f e 1 1TAG @ David Lam 1 12Yu m Yum s @ Ol d Au di t o r i u m 2 1Ed i b l es @ Scar f e 1 2IRC Snack Bar @ Woodward 3 1Reboot Café @ ICICS 1 599 Chairs/Trek Express 5 4 14Bar n 3 3 1 11Caffe Perugia-LSC 21 2Gage Recycling Area 2 2 2 16Horticulture 6 6 2Kai ser / St ar bucks 4 4 3Marine Drive Residence 2 2 1Ponderosa 12 2Bio Sciences (bi-monthly) 1Br ock Hall 1 11Chem/Biol Engineering (bi-m) 3 1 1Chemistry Building (monthly) 2Childcare Acadia Daycare (bi-m) 1 1 4 3 1Childcare Main Ofice (bi-monthly) 1Forestry 4 2 4 4GSAB 1 1I-House 2 2LPC-library processing cnt (bi-m) 1 1 1L.S. Klink building (m) 1 1MacMillan 3Michael Smith Labs 1West Mall Annex (m) 1Waste Mgt Cllxn @ LBS 1 1138 30 20 66 36 8 27 20 12 27 42 7 42 843 22 Table 6: Recorded bins picked up from January to February Locations 22/ 01/ 2007 25/ 01/ 2007 26/ 01/ 2007 30/ 01/ 2007 02/ 02/ 2007 6,9/ 02/ 07 12/ 02/ 2007 13/ 02/ 2007 16/ 02/ 2007Locations Monday Thursday Fr i day Tuesday Fr i day (Tues/ Fr) Monday Tuesday Fr i day collect ed collect ed collected collected collected collect ed collected collect ed collect edAcadia Park Comm. Garden 4 4 4 2 3 4Bl v d Ro ast i n g Co f e e Co . 3 2 1 2 3 1Gren Cle 2 3113Hawthorn Bldg D 1 2 1 2 1Sage / Ko e r n e r 1 1St John's 3 3 4 2 4 3SUB/ Pac i f i c Sp i r t p r k 615710817Tot em 9 14 4 115 498Vanir 9 1342 84Tim Hort ons 1AERL 1 2Geogr aphy 11Hawt horn BLDG A 1 1Hawthorne Greens 1 1Norman M ackenzie HosuePromontory 1 1reboot@ICICS 1Ri t z Ho use 1 1St James House-Hampt on Place 1Scar f e 2 1TAG @ David Lam 1Yum Yums @ Old Auditorium 1 2Edibles @ Scarfe 1IRC Snack Bar @ Woodward 4Reboot Café @ ICICS99 Chairs/Trek Express 5 8Barn 4Caf f e Per u gi a- LSC 1Gage Recycling Area 2Horticulture 6Kaiser/ Starbucks 6Marine Drive Residence 4 3Ponderosa 2 1Bio Sciences (bi-monthly) 1Brock Hall 1 1 1Chem/ Biol Engineering (bi-m) 1Chemistry Building (monthly)Childcare Acadia Daycare (bi-m) 3 1Childcare Main Ofice (bi-monthly) 1 1For est r y 5 1GSAB 11I-House 1 1 1 1LPC-library processing cnt (bi-m) 1 1 1L.S. Klink building (m) 12MacMillan 22Michael Smith Labs 1West Mall Annex (m)Waste Mgt Cllxn @ LBS 152 35 52 31 37 61 40 31 26 23 Table 7: Recorded bins picked up for 2006 January February March April May June July August SeptembeOctober November December DecemberLocation Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total 1 5 6.7. 8 12 13 15 18 ? 19 20 22 TotalAcadia Comm Grdn 13 17 34 28 26 16 10 3 4 4 1 4 26Blvd Roasting Coffee Co. 3 111716 16 10 3 1 33 2 1Green College 9 8 9 12 12 16 15 12 16 18 14 31 3201 10Hawthorn Bldg D (garage) 5 379565 1 1 11Sage/Koerner 87989989886 1St John's College 20 18 21 21 27 26 20 14 20 24 16 3 2 5SUB/PSP 48 40 53 45 62 52 38 39 41 66 60 4 8 13 8 1 34Totem 89 87 102 90 27 23 29 37 81 95 112 9 20 2 16 12 2 5 66Vanier 97 84 113 93 16 0 89 106 83 5 3 18 10 3 10 49AERL 154446444241 2 11 1Edibles @ Scarfe 021 0 00Geography 3442 11441 1 1Hawthorn Bldg A 5 245441 1 1Hawthorn Green 44445345341 1 1IRC snack bar @ Woodward 102 1 1Norman Mackenzie House - President's Residence 003 2 1Promontory 13447677531 1 1Reboot @ ICICS 021 1 1Ritz House 34343 231 1 1Scarfe 54334434331 0 00St James House - Hampton Place 031 1 0TAG @ David Lam 54535445331 1 1Yum Yum's - Old Aud 011 1 00 099 Chairs/Trek Express 000 0 6 10 13 3 4 3 10Barn 165 4 31 1Café Perugia - LSC 335344535211 1 1Tim Horton's at FSC (Tbird) 221Gage Recycling Area 1377 0 002 2Horticulture 0718 6 6 3Kaiser/Starbucks 34444424756 4Marine Drive Residence 000 2Ponderosa 13543532343 2Biol Sciences 0132122212 0Brock Hall 13644344244 1 1Chem/Biol Engineering 1413222131 0Chemistry Building- Skylight 11132 0Childcare Services - Acadia/Summer 73 22332322333 1 4Childcare Services - Chuva/Main Office 1223232 133 11Forestry 1277649145962 24GSAB 122221131 1International House 543443244321 1LPC (library processing cnt) 32232322323 1LSK (Klink - monthly) 02232 0MacMillan 3354210 254 0Michael Smith labs 132121234 0West Mall Annex 1221211 110 0Waste Mgt 211 1111012 024150222322201193521542225821 24 25 References Allan, Gillian. "Recommendations For Large Scal Composting at the University of British Columbia." UBC Waste Management, June 2001 AUS-e-TUTE < http://www.ausetute.com.au> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Composting at UBC <http://www.recycle.ubc.ca/wastefree/Composting.htm> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Composting – UBC Waste Management <http://www.recycle.ubc.ca/compost.htm> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Cruz, S.A. "Assessment of dielectric behavior of recycled/virgin high density polyethylene blends." Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Oct 2004 Fernandes, F.A.N. et al. "Fluidized bed reactor for polyethylene production. The influence of polyethylene prepolymerization." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, June 2000 Fuel Economy <http://www.fueleconomy.gov> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Google Earth Software <http://earth.download.googlepages.com> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Geum-Hyun Doh et al. "Thermal behavior of liquefied wood polymer composites." Composite Structures, April 2005 TEST: System for Thermodynamics <http://energy.sdsu.edu/> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Matweb Materials Resource <http://www.matweb.com> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 MapMyRun.com <http://www.mapmyrun.com> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Qenos Polyethylene Production Education Kit <http://www.qenos.com/> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 Technology Resource Inc. Solid Waste Composition Study. January 14th, 2005. UBC Compost Project <http://www.recycle.ubc.ca/compostmain.htm> Last accessed: April 24, 2007 26
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Have you visited Dr. Sharon Peake? Rate you experience below.
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Giving Life to Possible
Roger Zoorob, M.D., MPH, FAAFP is the chair of the Department of Family and Community Medicine. Read his remarks on FY2016.
Contributing to building technical and interactive data capacity in public health surveillance, Jason Salemi, Ph.D., MPH prepared a 1-hour webinar on data visualization (applied to birth defects surveillance) that was used at the National Birth Defects Prevention Network's annual meeting. The CDC and the Network have made the webinar widely available. (June 2016)
Dr. Kowalchuk wrote a standing prescription making the opioid overdose reversal drug, Naloxone, available at Walgreens without prescription. Her actions were featured by the Houston Chronicle the Austin Sentinel and KUT.ORG. See information on Texas Overdose Prevention Legislation
Sandra Gonzalez, MSSW, LCSW was quoted in the NASW News, published by the National Association of Social Workers about the multi-disciplined work to prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.


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"It was a golden opportunity for the government of India to show a human face. But the government missed the opportunity."
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Fans can now pick up Soul Hackers for the Nintendo 3DS for $39.99. Players who enter a virtual reality world populated by demons and hackers have the ability to control them. Step into this first-person RPG today, while your soul is still intact!
From the Press Release
Starting today, gamers can begin exploring Amami City, the setting where technology and otherworldly forces meet in a macabre fusion of cyberpunk and Gothic horror in Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Summoner: Soul Hackers (Soul Hackers), an ATLUS-developed product. Published by ATLUS, a brand of Index Digital Media, Inc., Soul Hackers is now widely available at retailers and in the Nintendo eShop in North America for the first time; the original version of Soul Hackers was released in 1997 only for the Japanese markets. The new release of Soul Hackers is exclusive to the Nintendo 3DS system and is available for $39.99. Pre-orderers and gamers who purchase the first printing of the title at launch will receive a limited edition music CD, which consists of six fan-voted tracks that are inspired by the original Soul Hackers soundtrack.
Soul Hackers takes place in the not-so-distant future in Amami City, a technological marvel. The city is permeated by Paradigm X, a virtual reality world that connects the entire populace. When the main character attempts to hack his way in to Paradigm X, he accidentally comes into possession of a Gun-type COMP (GUMP) that allows him to communicate with, and control demons. It also causes the main character's girlfriend to get possessed by the demon Nemissa, which is when the secret Phantom Society organization begins to take notice…
Soul Hackers is a first-person RPG in the same vein as other games in the Shin Megami Tensei franchise. The graphical style remains faithful to the original 1997 version but is optimized with 3-D graphics for the Nintendo 3DS system. The bottom touch screen of the Nintendo 3DS will function as the GUMP interface, allowing players to change the difficulty of the game on the fly, along with various other gameplay-modifying hacks that are revealed throughout the game.
To learn more, visit the official Soul Hackers website.
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Okay so I am still nursing and want too but when I go to work at night we are having some problems. I had pumped all this milk for when I went back to work and now that Ryder is allergic I can't use it. So i have been trying to pump but Ryder (finally!) is draining all the EBM. So I am thinking that just in case we should have some formula in the house.......actually DH reaaly wants to have it so he doens't have to bring the baby into my work-------which is what he did last night --not good though while your cutting hair!
The problem is that Ryder is allergic to soy and dairy so what can I give him???


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International Edition
October, 22, 2016
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Indonesian workers celebrate end of Ramadan in Taipei
By Katherine Wei ,The China Post
August 4, 2014, 12:04 am TWN
TAIPEI, Taiwan -- The Taipei City Foreign and Disabled Labor Office (FDLO) yesterday held a celebration event in honor of the Muslim holiday Eid al-Fitr that drew several thousand Indonesian workers to greet the end of their monthlong period of fasting.
Also called the Feast of Breaking the Fast, Eid al-Fitr is one of the most important religious holidays celebrated by Muslims throughout the world; the day marks the end of Ramadan, which is the Islamic holy month of fasting from dawn until sunset.
Eid falls on the first day of the month of Shawwal and is also a day when Muslims around the world show a common goal of unity.
The event was held at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, with popular Indonesian singer Inul Daratista performing for her fellow Indonesians. Another celebration was held at the 228 Peace Memorial Park, with band performances and dancing that welcomed all in attendance.
Despite fasting throughout the day, Muslims are still expected to go on with their everyday jobs. The FDLO called for Taiwanese citizens to respect different religions and different religious practices, allowing Muslims to celebrate the conclusion of Ramadan.
Department of Labor Commissioner Chen Yeh-shin (陳業鑫) stated that the event was held as the government wished for the foreign laborers to be able to enjoy their holidays after so much dedication to hard work. "We have invited both our foreign worker friends and our local Taiwanese citizens to enjoy a wonderful weekend," said Chen.
The FDLO set up signs in numerous languages pointing the foreign workers in the right direction at Taipei Main Station, also using both Chinese and Indonesian to broadcast directions and greetings to those celebrating.


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March 15, 2013 Updated Mar 15, 2013 at 4:11 PM EDT
A bizarre story from Pennsylvania.
According to a report from The Bradford Era, a prison guard from Pennsylvania is facing federal charges after allegedly trying to shoot the wedding ring off his finger during an incident at his home earlier this month.
What are your thoughts CLICK HERE to leave us a "QUESTION OF THE DAY" comment.
© Copyright 2016, A Quincy Media broadcasting station. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Standard Cantonese Pinyin
A selection of articles related to standard cantonese pinyin.
Original articles from our library related to the Standard Cantonese Pinyin. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Standard Cantonese Pinyin.
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 2
- Chapter 2 2:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, 2:2 Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their father's house: far off about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch. 2:3 And on...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 10
- Chapter 10 10:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 10:2 Make thee two trumpets of silver; of a whole piece shalt thou make them: that thou mayest use them for the calling of the assembly, and for the journeying of the camps. 10:3 And when they shall blow...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- Discovery and Development of Reiki
- "The more we care for the happiness of others, the greater our own sense of wellbeing becomes." The Dalai Lama The traditional story of the discovery of Reiki is as historically correct as the biblical report of the life of Jesus - it is molded and...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- Pagan Holidays for the Southern Hemisphere
- Many of the readers of RealMagick hail from the Southern Hemisphere. For them, the standard progression of the seasons is shifted... I.e. they are celebrating spring in Brazil, when those of us in the Northern Hemisphere are celebrating Fall. Clearly the "...
Paganism & Wicca >> Holidays
- False Memory Syndrome and the Inquisition
- Memories are modified by circumstance and environment There is a new witch hunt in the United States. It has no need for proof and there is no reprieve. It is sufficient to be accused, and the lingering stench never fades. It is sexual abuse of children. The...
Saga of Times Past >> History & Anthropology
- An Overview of Different Types of Scrying
- Scrying is a method of divination. It consists of gazing into a crystal, a mirror or some water for example, anything shiny really, in order to enter altered mind states...A good cliché that best describes scrying is the gypsy fortune-teller and her large...
Divination >> Scrying
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 2
- WORKING TO LIVE RATHER THAN LIVING TO WORK Before the dawn of recorded history, a major period of transition occurred. Nomadic hunter-gatherer clans transformed themselves into larger communities who farmed the land. This they did by planting their own...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
Standard Cantonese Pinyin is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Standard Cantonese Pinyin books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Mahjong Strategists Cluck Over 'Chicken Hand' Rule
- HONG KONG—Amid the clatter of plastic tiles and the smell of pork buns, Dick Chan Ho-ming got the word from a fellow contestant who had just been knocked out of the qualifiers for this weekend's World Series of Mahjong. "Gai wu," Mr. Chan said in ...
- Hatching little Chinese speakers at Britain's first bi-lingual Mandarin
- Julien's mother is Chinese-American and his father French-Canadian, so at home he speaks French and Cantonese, while at the nursery he speaks English and Mandarin. Even at just a few years old the children can distinguish between the languages and ...
- Proficient English and Cantonese will remain bedrock of Hong Kong's culture
- Proficient English and Cantonese will remain the cornerstone of the city's competitiveness and culture, lawmakers from both sides of the political divide say in response to a new study that found Hongkongers were becoming increasingly trilingual.
- Like it or not, SA schools set to teach Mandarin
- The predominant language in China, which is divided into seven major dialect groups, is known as Hanyu (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ).
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Standard Cantonese Pinyin Topics
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text:
Principal Investigator
Project Title
Funding Agency/Organization
|Chaparro, A.
|Human Factors Support of Block 50: Initial
|Fielding General Atomics
|Chaparro, B. & Keebler, J.
|Usability Analysis of the Fretlight.com Website
|Optek Music, Inc
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Benchmark Brands: FootSmart Website Usability Study
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Usability Study & Expert Review of Mobile Application
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Usability Study of Products
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Performance Analysis of Input Devices and Methods
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Device Usability and Performance Study
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Out-of-the-Box Experience Analysis and Performance/Diary Study
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Website Usability Study
|Fike Corporation
|Chaparro, B. & Smith, A.
|Expert Review of Non-Profit Website
|Chaparro, B., Canare, D., He, J.
|Electronic Board Design and Development
|OBoard LLC
|He, J.
|Driver Inattention State Detection Based on Gaze Concentration
|Chinese National Science Foundation
|He, J.
|Develop a Google Glass Application to Detect Fatigue for Pilots and Drivers
|Award for Research/Creative Projects
|He, J.
|Wearable Computing and Smart Phone Apps for Pilot Safety
|John A See Research Award
|He, J.
|Department of Transportation Evaluate How Texting Using Google Glass Influences Driving Performance
|Regional Center for Transportation Research
|Medvene, L.
|Computer Program for Assisted Living Residents at Presbyterian Manors
|Lattner Family Foundation, Inc
|Medvene, L.
|Computer Program for Assisted Living Residents at Presbyterian Manors
|Individual Gift
|Meissen, G. J., Douglas, J., & Nolan, T.
|Research & Policy for Adopting a Tobacco Free Campus
|Kansas Health Foundation
|Palmer, E. & Young, K.
|Identifying Psychophysiological Markers of Attentional Capture
|Wichita State University Multidisciplinary Research Project Award (MURPA)
|Palmer, E.
|Menu Perception Study
|Bill Main & Associates
|Palmer, E.
|Usability Evaluation of Breakfast Menu
|Bill Main & Associates
|Palmer, E.
|Medication Packing Evaluation
|Sagent Pharmaceuticals
|Palmer, E.
|Sensation & Perception, 4th Edition. Supplementary Materials and Website
|Sinauer & Associates
|Snyder, J.
|Early Head Start Consultation & Training
|Child Start
|Snyder, J.
|Preventing military post-deployment adjustment problems: Key family processes
|National Institute on Drug Abuse
|Snyder, J.
|Snyder, J. Tests of the Effectiveness Family Checkup
|Sedgwick County Developmental Disabilities Organization


text:
Interesting Trading Action 0 comments
Quick midweek update:
Wednesday's trading action was quite interesting. We saw what looked like a short term reversal in U.S. stocks. as the day began down heavily and ended on a positive note. This is a departure from the trading pattern over the recent correction. It's all the more interesting as the dollar index broke over 82 and, in the short term, is in uncharted territory - we haven't seen 82 in nearly two years.
Gold also put in what could be seen as a reversal while the dollar surged, but crude oil fell again and looks set to break below $90.
Treasury yields are still bumping along near the bottom, and corporate bonds seem to have stabilized.
All of the major U.S. equity indexes, except the NYSE composite, have successfully defended their 200 day moving averages at this point. Of particular note, the small cap Russell 2000, which did break the 200 day briefly last week, has held the line this week.
It looks like the bounce I was anticipating may be getting under way, but a healthy skepticism is still warranted. My suspicion is that the correction hasn't played out just yet. We could get to 1,340 - 1,350 on the SPX and then see another decline back toward the 200 day.
Good luck, everyone, and be careful out there.Back To The Simple Accountant's Instablog HomePage »
Instablogs are blogs which are instantly set up and networked within the Seeking Alpha community. Instablog posts are not selected, edited or screened by Seeking Alpha editors, in contrast to contributors' articles.Full index of posts »
Following two days after big selloff in XLV, XLP sells on heavy volume. The gap was a little narrower, but it was a big distribution day. May 25, 2011
Health Care SPDR XLV gapped down on big volume today. May 23, 2011
US Dollar index re-tests bottom, holds above Oct. 17 low and key 76 level...for now Nov 4, 2010
Latest Comments
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text:
Tagsachalasia Adenocarcinoma adenoma banding bleeding cancer carcinoma cataract cataract surgery colon colonoscopy duodenum echocardiography emr endoscopy esophagus gastroscopy GIST Histopathology kolonoskopia laparoscopy laryngology lesion polyp polypectomy rectum stomach TUMOR ulcer varices
Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy
The video shows laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (anatomic liver resection - S2-3 segmentectomy) for colorectal liver metastasis. Full-time video without editing. Blood-loss 60 cc. Video by Dr....
views: 94 comments: 0
The International Liver Congress™ 2017
The International Liver Congress, the annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) will be held in Amsterdam, Netherlands between 19-23 April 2017. You will find the possibility to get the most up-to-date advancements...
GUILD Conference 2017
We are pleased to introduce The GUILD Conference 2017 – Gastroenterology Update in IBD and Liver Disease. The conference will be held on February 19-22, 2017 at the Wailea Marriott – Maui, Hawaii. Guild 2017 teaches GIs ongoing education and insights...
Laparoscopic Excision of Hydatid Cyst of...
A 28 year old emaciated lady presented with a large infected hydatid cyst of right lobe of liver and sepsis. Ultrasound and C.T. Pictures are shown in the video. I.V. antibiotics were given. Dehydration...
views: 268 comments: 0
Blunt Hepatic Trauma: Current Management
Film presentation from Patrick Bosarga contains information about the injuries of the liver. Describing the most common types of injuries, diagnosis and treatments.
views: 188 comments: 0
5TH Annual Update In Abdominal Transplantation...
The following video, recorded during 5th Annual Update in Abdominal Transplantation, focuses on the issues of liver transplantation, especially, disease process, surgical procedure and post-transplant...
views: 158 comments: 0
5TH Annual Update In Abdominal Transplantation...
The following video, recorded during 5th Annual Update in Abdominal Transplantation, focuses on psychosocial challenges in liver transplantation Presenter: Michelle Morrison, LCSW, CCTSW
views: 144 comments: 0
5TH Annual Update In Abdominal Transplantation...
The following video, recorded during 5th Annual Update in Abdominal Transplantation, focuses on pharmacotherapy in decompensated cirrhosis and liver/kidney transplantation. Presenter: Mike Misel, PharmD
views: 153 comments: 0
A huge HCC
A Huge hepato - cellular carcinoma resected by partial hepatectomy.
views: 1484 comments: 0
Removal of a Very Unusual IVC tumor via...
The technique is described for removing an IVC tumor under circulatory arrest and antegrade cerebral perfusion.
views: 961 comments: 0
Advanced Hepatic Robotic Surgery
Clinical Robotic Surgery Association
This video presents advanced hepatic robotic surgery.
views: 1531 comments: 0
Double Left Supra Hepatic Vein View In Doppler...
The following material presents a suprahepatic venous system - most frequent anatomical variant.
views: 1988 comments: 0
Polycystic Disease Of The Liver
The video shows PD of the liver in the unltasound technique.
views: 1439 comments: 0
Metastasic Hepatical Tumor
The video clip shows metastatic hepatical tumor discovered thanks to ultrasound technique.
views: 1622 comments: 0
Rectal Adenocarcinoma - Colonoscopy (7 of...
Endoscopy of Rectal Cancer Adenocarcinoma of the rectum arises as an intramucosal epithelial lesion, usually in an adenomatous polyp or gland. As cancers grow, they invade the muscularis mucosa,...
views: 1438 comments: 0
Peptic Ulcer And Liver Cirrhosis (5 of 5)
Through the cardias the gastric body is observed with portal hypertensive gastropathy, the video clip shows esophageal varices.
views: 1390 comments: 0
Peptic Ulcer And Liver Cirrhosis (4 of 5)
More images and video clips.
views: 1239 comments: 0
Peptic Ulcer And Liver Cirrhosis (3 of 5)
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy. Portal hypertensive gastropathy is a potential cause of bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.
views: 1443 comments: 0
Peptic Ulcer And Liver Cirrhosis (2 of 5)
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy. A "snake skin" like gastric mucosal pattern consistent with portal hypertensive gastropathy.
views: 1334 comments: 0
Peptic Ulcer And Liver Cirrhosis (1 of 5)
This 84 year-old male who was hospitalized due a urosepsis and melena one week before underwent a Transurethral prostatectomy, no previous medical history of liver cirrhosis was know. Peptic ulcer...
views: 1399 comments: 0
Gastric Fundus - Varices
More commonly, bleeding gastric varices are associated with large esophageal varices and are due to underlying liver disease.
views: 1904 comments: 0
Ovarian Carcinoma with Gastric and Duodenal...
This image and the video clips shows no liver metastases The disease is uncommon in patients younger than 40 years, after which incidence increases. Most cases are diagnosed in the seventh decade...
views: 1321 comments: 0
Laparoscopic deroofing of simple liver cyst
Emergency laparoscopic deroofing of a simple liver cyst complicated by intracystic hemorrhage(bleeding) in an elderly man. He presented with sudden onset severe pain abdomen and fever.(2008)
views: 8746 comments: 0
Pancreatic Carcinoma - Histopathology of...
The material presents pancreatic carcinoma in histopathological image of kidney, liver, heart.
views: 2012 comments: 1
Chronic passive congestion with hemorrhagic...
Author presents chronic passive congestion, hemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis in histopathological image of liver.
views: 1699 comments: 0
Cardiac cirrhosis - Histopathology of liver
In this video you can see cardiac cirrhosis in histopathological image of liver.
views: 1369 comments: 0
Lung (view 1) - bone (view 2) - liver (view...
In this video histology of lung (view 1) - bone (view 2) - liver (view 3) is presented.
views: 1481 comments: 0
Liver - Histology
In this video the author presents histology of liver.
views: 1887 comments: 0
Segment Liver resection - Laparoscopic Approach
In this video the author presents laparoscopic segment liver resection.
views: 1973 comments: 0
Laparoscopic removal of Liver cyst
This video presents liver cyst removal - laparosopy.
views: 8832 comments: 0
Echinococcosis hidatid cysts
Echinococcosis hydatid cysts of the lungs and liver are shown.
views: 3822 comments: 0
Liver - Amyloidosis
Name at least three other things which appear hyaline on microscopy, i.e., eosinophilic, glassy, and amorphous, besides amyloid?
views: 1541 comments: 0
Liver - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
What two histopathologic features seen here prove this is cirrhosis? In which part of the hepatic lobule are the early inflammatory and fibrotic changes the most severe in primary biliary cirrhosis? Portal...
views: 2003 comments: 0
Lung And Liver- Congestion And Hemorrhage
Demonstrate congested (i.e., hyperemic) areas? Why is this called passive congestion?
views: 1855 comments: 0
Liver - Chronic Passive Congestion With...
Which part of the hepatic lobule is congested, the portal end, the middle, or the center of the lobule? Why? Would this be more consistent with a left or a right heart failure? Attach a googled picture...
views: 2053 comments: 0
Liver - Cardiac Cirrhosis
What 2 features enable the diagnosis of any type of cirrhosis? Are they present here. Describe them in words. Why is this called cardiac cirrhosis?
views: 2519 comments: 0
Kidney: Infarct, Congestion, Liver: Infarct,...
Delineate the area of infarction. Show coagulative necrosis. Show hyperemia, i.e., congestion.
views: 2496 comments: 0
Liver, Lymph Node - Hemochromatosis - Hemosiderosis
What stain might you suggest to prove that the golden brown intracellular pigment is hemosiderin and not bile or melanin? Find some. Can severe iron deposition cause portal fibrosis and regenerating nodules?...
views: 3449 comments: 0
Liver - Fatty Change 3
What percentage of this liver's weight might you guess would be fat? Is the overall portal architecture still preserved? Is there inflammation? Is there neoplasm?
views: 1815 comments: 0
Liver - Hemochromatosis
Differentiate hemosiderosis from hemochromatosis. Which is worse? Name three common substances that stain golden brown by routine stains? How do you prove it might be hemosiderin? What stain might you...
views: 1923 comments: 0
Liver - Fatty Change 2
What are the two most common causes of fatty liver, by far? Is fatty change, fatty metamorphosis, and steatosis, all terms for the same thing? What color might this liver be grossly? Why? Might it look...
views: 1788 comments: 0
Liver - Fatty Change
What is MICRO-vesicular fat? How does it differ from MACRO-vesicular? Which one is more advanced? Point out a microvesicle.
views: 1726 comments: 0
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Can the terms alcoholic hyaline and Mallory body be used interchangeably? What is it? Find some. How does it differ from a Councilman body Is fat a major finding of alcoholic hepatitis? Is it commonly...
views: 2981 comments: 0
Examination Of The Liver
In this video the author presents examination of the liver.
views: 6362 comments: 0
Central Passive Congestion And Centrilobular...
Which part of the liver lobule becomes damaged first in oxygen/flow related injuries? (centrilobular or periportal) Which part of the liver lobule becomes damaged first in toxic related injuries? (centrilobular...
views: 3170 comments: 0
Liver - Cirrhosis 1
What TWO features are ALWAYS needed to diagnose all types cirrhosis? Demonstrate each one.
views: 2690 comments: 0
Acute And Chronic Cholangitis
Which parts of the cut sections of the liver show the inflammatory changes? What is the usual cause of cholangitis? Why might this be called acute and chronic from a histopathological point of view?...
views: 2012 comments: 0
Esophageal Varices After Endoscopic Banding
The material presents esophageal varices after endoscopic banding.
views: 7950 comments: 1


text:
The dvm360 Five - Episode 8
Time again for The dvm360 Five. Give us five minutes, and we'll update you with the veterinary news, medicine, and business information you need to know right now.
In this edition of the Five, filmed at NAVC in Orlando, Fla., we'll report on new nutrition guidelines from the American Animal Hospital Association, we'll get insights from sessions about how to get associates up to speed fast, and we'll hear the highlights from the general membership meeting of the National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America.
Have a few more minutes? Get more on these topics:
Hear about the goals of the "Elephant in the Room" session
Learn more about how student debt affects your practice
Learn more about the Veterinary Technician Assistant certification
Meet Kara Burns, NAVTA's Veterinary Technician of the Year
Most popular videos
What if animals were 'The Walking Dead'?
If you feel like a zombie walking through the same parasite conversations with cat and dog owners in the veterinary exam room, this cat doctor has the cure: Have a little fun with it.
Tip: Let low-stress win
When Immovable Weight-Loss Diet meets Unstoppable Frightened Pet in the veterinary exam room, this young associate worries about calm before calories.
My veterinary clinic's floors are uneven. What should I do?
Listen to the expert's opinion on settling soil if you're experiencing this problem.


text:
Vedic horoscope is self-supporting of the interrelationship between the Sun and earth. It is totally based on the stars, Planets and earth. The Vedic astrology contains billions of stars besides the sun, the moon and the planets and each of these heavenly bodies exercise influence on various phenomena on the earth. It is the qualitative interpretation of this influence which has been embodied in the classical astronomy. Some practitioners of ancient horoscopy opined that the planets, the sun and the moon.
You know the meaning of Vedic is derived from the four Vedas. It means our ancient time has significance on this topic. The future prediction is totally depends upon the position of stars. The method is important from which we can define the horology world. There are many methods to predict your future but one of the important and real method is vedic astrology method. It gives the accuracy in your horo.
when in specific region of the Zodiac emit mysterious rays which carry the above influences. The various divisions of the old horoscopy are known by their Hindu names and perhaps. The various historical astronomy sign carry great significance and are not mere sequence numerals. Mesha or Aries has been assigned the first number because it regarded as the first division or house of the Zodiac. An interesting point interesting point of the Hindu astrology is that the Vedic astrology is also separately divided into twenty seven constellations which are given the name Nakshatras. These Nakshatras or Asterisms have their own specific influences on the sun, the moon and the various planets that transit through them. In fact a particular Asterism imparts its own coloring or flavoring to the natural characteristics of the transiting planet or sun or moon. The result is a wonderful blending of cosmic influence falling on the earth and its inhabitants.
While talking about Nakshatras or Asterisms it would certainly be useful to delineate the specific influences of these Nakshatras on a particular native according to his birth details. At the time of birth of a person, the Nakshatra in which moon is place is of great significance and is called Janma Nakshatra or Birth-Asterism. The Janma Nakshatra profoundly influences the person character, personality and life aspect. The above description of the influence of various Nakshatras on people born under each indicates very broad and general influence. These influences get modified by specific planets which occupy the Nakshatra. The planetary influences may reinforce, dilute, modify or even partly nullify the original Nakshatra influences. It is multi-directional and multi-dimensional. This is because Astrology itself is a complex and mystic science. It is beyond the known laws of physics, chemistry and astronomy. It contains hidden truths and mystic cause-effect relationships which defy logic and commonsense, appearing to be, prima facie, irrational.
Aghori Anil Ji is an expert and provided the complete services for remove the complications from to human life. If you have wish the services of astrology then contact with the Aghori Anil Ji.
Day's importance in Vedic astrology:I need to work any day constellation peace ear. Ekadashi, Nava, Dashami, moon attraction consider this date the best use. There is lot of mantra to read but the process of it most important. I'll explain you in next paragraph.
Process is to pronounce the mantra and take water in left hand touch the hand with every part of body.
Astronomy is a venerable science which is commonly known by every person. This art is based on planets and zodiac calculations. A perfect horoscope reader can give you exact information about you past, present and future. Pandit Rahul Baba has one of them who has excellent experience in Vedic Astrology. They calculate exact location of your planets and provide you correct prediction for your present and future.
If You Wanna Get Knowlegle about our ancient time. THe Forecast Learning From the Veda. Just need to follow this page.


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time code
A digitally encoded signal that is recorded on videotape to identify each frame of video by hour, minute, second and frame number. There are two kinds of recorded signal: longitudinal time code (LTC) and vertical interval time code (VITC). [Adapted from Extreme Exposure]
Stay up to date on the latest developments in Internet terminology with a free weekly newsletter from Webopedia. Join to subscribe now.
Webopedia's student apps roundup will help you to better organize your class schedule and stay on top of assignments and homework. Read More »List of Free Shorten URL Services
A URL shortener is a way to make a long Web address shorter. Try this list of free services. Read More »Top 10 Tech Terms of 2015
The most popular Webopedia definitions of 2015. Read More »
Java is a high-level programming language. This guide describes the basics of Java, providing an overview of syntax, variables, data types and... Read More »Java Basics, Part 2
This second Study Guide describes the basics of Java, providing an overview of operators, modifiers and control Structures. Read More »The 7 Layers of the OSI Model
The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Use this handy guide to compare... Read More »


text:
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Low rise, modern fit, flat front pant with side and back elastic waistband. Versatile ruched panel allows varying lengths below the knee. Pant can be worn ruched on the inseam or outseam. Two front inset pockets, and two snap flap back pockets. 73% cotton/ 25% polyester / 2% Lycra®. Landau Care Instructions
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Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Welcome to Sycamore Canyon Apartment Homes! Our beautiful community is located in picturesque Anaheim Hills, California and boasts spectacular hillside views while allowing residents to escape the urban hustle and bustle of Orange County. Just minutes from numerous shopping, dining and entertainment options at Anaheim Hills Festival Center and Savi Ranch, everything you could ever need or want is close to home! Our spacious one and two bedroom apartment homes have been meticulously designed with your comfort and convenience in mind. These incredible floor plans feature designer interiors such as 9ft ceilings, plush designer carpeting, gourmet kitchens with complete appliance packages, full-sized washer and dryers and enclosed garages. Sycamore Canyon Apartment Homes also offers an amazing array of amenities that are perfect for any lifestyle!
Cats Allowed. Dogs Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
450 units
Contact Propertyor call
Always friendly and quick to fix issues.
May 05, 2015
They were very strict and when moving out they raised the rent $1000 more. Then once we left they took all of Read Moreour deposit and charged $600 on top of it to replafe the carpet because it was old. Then upon move in we realized some of the cabinets in the kitchen had been chipped and stained. That they just painted over it
May 06, 2015
Nice but not as much value for money when compared to facilities managed by the Irvine Company. Office staff Read Moreare friendly when looking to move in but change their tune when you actually become a tennant. A little more professionalisim and genuine customer service skills would serve the management well. Maintenance staff are helpful but difficult to communicate with in English. Dissapointed with the condition of the carpet and general cleanliness upon move in.
November 13, 2014
The apartment was nice and the neighbors for the most part were nice as well. There should be certain blocs of Read More apartments that are for dog owners only however. It seems as though people with dogs lived amongst peoe without and that always creates controversy. Otherwise, it was a pleasant experience and I would recommend Sycamore Canyon.
January 03, 2014
Monday-Sunday: 8:30am-6:00pm
Western National Property Management
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LawCare provides support to members of the legal professions in the UK and Ireland facing personal and professional problems.
Our helpline is free to call from mobiles and landlines and is completely confidential.
About LawCare
LawCare, established in 1997, is a registered charity and works throughout the UK, Isle of Man and the Republic of Ireland. Our support is available to students, those in training, legal professionals, support staff and their families. Our helpline operates 365 days a year.
The trained staff and volunteers taking your call have worked in the law and understand the demands of a legal career. We have helped thousands of legal professionals cope with issues such as stress, workplace bullying, disputes with colleagues and alcohol misuse.
Please note that LawCare is unable to give legal or practice advice and cannot assist the general public.
Registered in England and Wales as a charity no. 1061685 and in Scotland no. SCO39335
Survey into Happiness, Resilience and Stress in the Legal Profession
Steven Clarke, a student at Nottingham Trent University College of Business, Law and Social Sciences working towards a masters degree in Legal Practice, is conducting research into the attitude towards happiness, resilience and stressors in the work place as experienced by lawyers.
LawCare is supporting Steven in this research, and we would be grateful if you could spare some time to complete the survey. The survey asks for a little background about participants and their route to legal practice. Thereafter it asks for responses to a number of issues by reference to a scale of responses.
This survey should take no more than 30 minutes of your time to complete. Thank you very much for taking part.
A Lawyers Guide to Wellbeing and Managing Stress
Written by solicitor, therapist and LawCare volunteer Angus Lyon, this book is essential reading for anyone working in the legal profession. Produced in conjuction with LawCare and industry experts, it sets out clear systems to help you to work well and protect your health in the stressful legal environment.
Get 25% off when you order via this link by using code LAWCARE25.
L-R: Ann Charlton, Co-ordinator for England and Wales; Trish McLellan, Co-ordinator for Scotland and Northern Ireland; Mary Jackson, Co-ordinator for Ireland; Anna Buttimore, Administrator; Elizabeth Rimmer, Chief Executive.


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wow very elegant! :D
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text:
- 匿名
- 新手
- 1 审查
Overall needs a good renovation. Everything is old and furniture needs an update. As well some facilities, such as bathroom. Doesn't offer anything besides the kitchen. Everything happens at the other backpack, across the street. But a more comfortable common area would be nice if you don't feel like leaving your hostel. Stayed in better hostels for the same price.
- 匿名
- 澳大利亚, 男性, 41+
- 新手
- 4 评论
I booked a double at The Guesthouse - disappointed to find no towel or soap in the room - have stayed many times in similarly priced rooms at backpackers - always provided. Staff member was indifferent when I asked for one but got one once I'd paid the $2. Other problem - not being able to get back in my room after a shower at 9.40 am on checkout day as card didn't work and reception wanted me to walk over to the office across Pult. St. despite only wearing a towel!! But all sorted finally.
Hi and thanks for taking the time to review the Guest House. Unfortunately due to too many guests in the past stealing the towels we have had to stop this service. All the best Backpack OZ