text:
The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco produces some of the U.S. central bank's best research on labor markets and monetary policy. And it's from there that the Bank of Canada plucked its newest deputy governor,
Not all Fed policymakers sing from the same songbook
San Francisco Fed President John Williams on Thursday said he still thinks gradual interest-rate hikes are the "best course" (http://reut.rs/1RaUTa9), a view that fails to harmonize with that of fellow Fed policymaker James Bullard, president of the St. Louis Fed who said late Wednesday further rate hikes would be "unwise" (http://reut.rs/1XAnEjh)
Reserve Bank of India may cut rates even more than expected this year
The Reserve Bank of India is widely expected to cut interest rates just once in 2016, as most analysts see retail inflation rising slightly above the central bank's target, but there is a decent chance it could cut more aggressively, as it did last year.
EU vote casts shadow over Britain as 2016 kicks off
At this stage, it is hard to quantify how a planned referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union is impacting investor sentiment and the outlook for business investment. But there is little doubt it will influence the timing of the Bank of England's first interest rate hike in nearly a decade and how sterling trades this year.
Prospects still slim for major global economic pickup
The world economy may be set for another year like 2015, with modest growth in developed economies offsetting persistent weakness elsewhere but generating very little inflation and keeping interest rates low.
Fed's Williams preps new Tee-shirt after rate hike
San Francisco Federal Reserve President John Williams earlier this year got so sick of answering reporters' questions about when the U.S. central bank would raise rates that he had his son design a Tee-shirt that he could just give out.
Wayward guidance: More Britons than ever don't know where rates are headed
So much for forward guidance. The largest proportion of Britons on record — almost a quarter — have "no idea" where interest rates are heading over the next 12 months, according to the Bank of England's quarterly survey of the public's views on the economy.
With such similar inflation, how far behind the Fed can the BoE be?
Not long ago, the big debate was over who would raise rates first, the U.S. Federal Reserve or the Bank of England. Now with the Fed giving clear signals it's on the brink of hiking and the BoE appearing to be pushing that day further off into the future, one could naturally conclude that the inflation outlook in both economies is vastly different.
U.S. growth probably slowed sharply in Q3…and winter is coming
It's probably a good thing the Federal Reserve concluded its latest policy meeting with a strong signal of its intentions, because GDP growth data expected later on Thursday are unlikely to cement rate hike views one way or another.
Yellen faces her biggest test after years of Fed coddling markets
They say every top central banker faces a "test," and this may be it for Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen.


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Board of Directors
CDVCA's Board of Directors is composed of leading practitioners and outside experts in the community development venture capital industry all of whom operate funds focused on low-income communities and populations.
- Joseph Bartlett
- Alan J. Bernstein
- Nathaniel V. Henshaw
- Tom Loy
- L. Raymond Moncrief, Chairman
- Kerwin Tesdell, President
- Stanley Tucker
Joseph Bartlett
Joe Bartlett's primary practice areas are venture capital, with respect to which he has been featured in the press and in the community as a leading practitioner, and private equity matters. His experience in merger and acquisition transactions ranges from private companies well under one hundred million to $3 billion public companies (Tandem Computer into Compaq). Joe has also been involved in organizing private equity funds since the first non-family venture fund, Greylock, was organized and floated in 1965.
Joe is the primary author of a treatise on leveraged buyouts and was counsel to Bain Capital and Chemical Ventures (now JP Morgan Chase) upon organization.
Joe has also been active in corporate restructurings and distressed asset matters, his participation ranging from court appointed trustee (the Estate of Charles Brennick) to co-counsel to the DBL Liquidating Trust disposing post confirmation of $3 billion of Drexel's assets.
Alan J. Bernstein
Alan Bernstein is a partner at the Wall Street law firm of Carter Ledyard & Milburn LLP. His corporate practice concentrates on transactions for technology companies. Mr. Bernstein has substantial experience in public offerings and private placements representing issuers and underwriters in initial public offerings, secondary offerings, and venture capital investments. Also, mergers and acquisitions, representing buyers and sellers in negotiated stock and asset purchases; and licensing and strategic partnering.
Mr. Bernstein is on the Board of Editors of Start-Up and Emerging Company Strategist (published by The New York Law Journal). He is the author of Gold Rush – Buying Pieces of Distressed Companies, Daily Deal, October 23, 2002, Pursuing Strategic Investment Opportunities, New York Law Journal, September 17, 2001 and New Economy Strategic Alliances, New York Law Journal, June 19, 2000.
Mr. Bernstein received his B.A. in 1979 from Stanford University and his J.D. in 1983 from Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley.
Nathaniel V. Henshaw
Mr. Henshaw founded CEI Ventures in 1993, which capitalized its first community development venture fund at $5.5 million in 1996, and formed its second fund in 2001 at $20 million. CEI's most recent fund, Coastal Ventures III LP, was formed in 2011 ($6.4 million). In 1993, Mr. Henshaw co-founded the Community Development Venture Capital Alliance (CDVCA) and serves as its corporate Secretary. CVI has invested over $16 million in 35 companies, employing over 2,400 people.
Prior to forming Coastal Ventures, Mr. Henshaw was a Loan and Investment Officer at Coastal Enterprises, Inc. It is now a $285 million community development corporation headquartered in Wiscasset, Maine. During eight and a half years at CEI, Mr. Henshaw loaned and invested social investment capital in over 125 projects totaling over $6 million, including environmental clean-up, child care, electronic instrument, publishing, marine products, medical equipment, and computer service industries. From May 1984 to June 1986, Mr. Henshaw was an Analyst and Assistant to the President of Chemical Venture Capital Corporation (now J.P. Morgan Partners). He also served as an Associate at Intersouth Partners, L.P. (Research Triangle Park, NC) and Kitty Hawk Capital, Ltd. (Charlotte, NC).
Mr. Henshaw holds MBA (1988) and BA (1984) degrees from Duke University and a Graduate Certificate from the NASBIC Venture Capital Institute. Mr. Henshaw was a Director of Intelligent Controls, Inc. (AMEX – listed producer of environmental protection instruments) prior to its successful sale to Franklin Electric; and serves on the Boards of: Wentworth Technologies (electronics); Soleras Ltd. (thin film metal deposition); Beacon Analytical Systems, Inc. (biotechnology); Coast of Maine Organic Products, Inc. (compost); Cuddledown of Maine (down comforters and bedding) Navigator Publishing (magazines); Taction (call center); Innov-X Systems (X-ray analysis systems); and Look's Gourmet Foods, Inc. (all-natural, canned seafood). He is also Past Commodore of the Harraseeket Yacht Club.
Tom Loy
Tom Loy is the founder, Chairman, and CEO of MetaFund, a triple-bottom-line CDVC and certified CDFI that focuses on equity and near-equity investing, primarily in small businesses and affordable housing. He also serves on the board of directors and as chairman of the audit committee of First Bethany Bank, a community bank in Oklahoma City.
In the early 1990s he was the Resident Banking Advisor for the U.S. Treasury Department/KPMG in Prague, Czech Republic, where he helped establish banking schools in Prague and Bratislava, Slovakia, and advised bankers and government officials. He also served at Oklahoma City University as Executive Director of both the Graduate Banking School and the Bank Directors' College. He has been a lecturer and public speaker for many banking organizations and banking regulators, and he has taught at more than one hundred banking schools and conferences.
Mr. Loy was a community banker for twelve years, and he was president of a check and data processing company, co-founded a fully-registered securities broker/dealer, and coordinated a bank holding company's IPO. He earned various securities and insurance licenses and has served on the boards of numerous banking, securities, and civic organizations.
He has also lived and worked in Dallas, Hawaii, and Switzerland, been a coin-op laundry developer, upscale dog food manufacturer, bank stock and tennis ball arbitrageur, and speed reading and mnemonics teacher. He is the author of many published articles and opinion columns, a monograph for the Oklahoma Academy, and two books for community banks.
Mr. Loy holds a B.A. in Letters and a Master of Liberal Studies from the University of Oklahoma, where he was named an Outstanding Alumnus of the College of Arts & Sciences, and he has received the National Association of Community Leadership's Distinguished Leadership Award.
L. Raymond Moncrief, Chairman
Ray Moncrief has held various positions within Kentucky Highlands Investment Corporation since 1984 and is currently Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. He is President and Chief Executive Officer of Mountain Ventures, Inc., a Small Business Investment Corporation (SBIC) licensed by the U. S. Small Business Administration and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kentucky Highlands Investment Corporation. In these capacities, Mr. Moncrief is responsible for the investing activities of Kentucky Highlands and Mountain Ventures including analyzing new investments and portfolio management. He has served as Chief Executive Officer of five of Kentucky Highlands' investee companies and has been instrumental in providing financial and operational leadership in many turnaround and financial restructuring situations. Mr. Moncrief has in-depth experience in startup, expansion, and divestiture of businesses. He provides technical and managerial assistance to entrepreneurs during every phase of business development. Beginning with the creation of their business plans (startup and capitalization) through the expansion of and eventual sale of their companies.
Mr. Moncrief is President and Chief Executive Officer and a board member of Southern Appalachian Management Company, LLC, the General Partner of the Southern Appalachian Fund, L.P., organized to make equity investments in small business enterprises as defined by the New Markets Venture Capital regulations of the U. S. Small Business Administration. Mr. Moncrief is a Manager of the Southern Appalachian Fund.
Additionally, Mr. Moncrief is President and a board member of Eclipse Management, LLC, the General Partner of Meritus Ventures, L.P., organized to make equity investments in small business enterprises as defined by the Rural Business Investment Company regulations. Mr. Moncrief is one of two fund managers for Meritus Ventures.
President George W. Bush appointed Ray to the Community Development Advisory Board. A national board that advises the director of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund on policies regarding activities and programs.
Mr. Moncrief serves on the Board of Directors of the National Consumer Cooperative Bank located in Washington DC; a US government chartered, member owned cooperative corporation. NCB provides nontraditional community development finance coupled with technical assistance, public policy outreach, and development services.
Mr. Moncrief also serves on the Board of Directors of NCB Capital Impact; an affiliated non-profit corporation of NCB providing financial and technical services both directly and indirectly through separate subsidiary LLC's. For 30 years, NCB has been a valued strategic partner in delivering capital for mission related investments, assisting underserved communities.
Mr. Moncrief is a founding director and is currently Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Community Development Venture Capital Alliance (CDVCA). CDVCA honored Ray with a special Lifetime Achievement Award in March, 2004. This award recognized his deep-rooted commitment to using venture capital tools as a means of creating lasting change in the lives of low income individuals and the economies of distressed communities. Mr. Moncrief is also a member of the board of directors of the New Markets Tax Credit Coalition and the Community Development Financial Institution Coalition.
Mr. Moncrief is an active Director on ten corporate Boards of Directors, and is a member of the Board of Governors of the National Association of Small Business Investment Companies (NASBIC). He is a past member of the Executive Committee of NASBIC. He is a founding board member of Southern Kentucky Economic Development Corporation. Mr. Moncrief has traveled nationally and internationally speaking about the use of equity investment as an economic development strategy. He has participated in several study groups analyzing capital needs in rural areas including an economic round table at the White House. Ray is often called upon to conduct training sessions at various conferences and meetings.
Mr. Moncrief is a graduate of Leadership Kentucky and a 1972 graduate of Louisiana Tech University with a B.S. Degree in Accounting and completed graduate courses at Lamar University.
Kerwin Tesdell, President
Kerwin Tesdell is president of the Community Development Venture Capital Alliance, the association of venture capital funds that provide equity financing for businesses that create good jobs, wealth, and entrepreneurial capacit in underinvested areas of the United States and the world. CDVCA serves the industry by providing education and networking opportunities, developing best practices, perfoming industry research, and supporting positive public policy at the federal and state levels. CDVCA also manages $143 million directly in a combination of busienss investments and investments in funds. Mr. Tesdell is an adjunct professor at New York University, teaching Social Venture Capital at the Stern School of Business and Community Development Law at the School of Law.
Prior to joining CDVCA, Mr. Tesdell was a program officer at the Ford Foundation, first in its Office of Program-Related Investments and then in its Economic Development Unit, where he had primary responsibility for the Foundation's investments and grantmaking for small business finance and job creation. Before that, he was the director of the Community Development Legal Assistance Center, which provides corporate, tax, and real estate legal assistance to community development organizations in New York. He was also an associate with the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton, where he represented clients in the financial services industry, including private equity investors in businesses and funds. Prior to joining Debevoise, he was a law clerk to federal judge Constance Baker Motley, Chief Judge of the Southern District of New York.
Mr. Tesdell is a managing director of the InnovateNY Fund, a $47 million fund of funds in New York State, and of the Puerto Rico Fund for Growth, which recently closed on the first $45 million of a fund of funds for Puerto Rico, as well as a number of investment partnerships that make investments in businesses in states that include Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, and Kentucky. Mr. Tesdell is a board member and the past board chair for seven years, of the Coalition of Community Development Financials Institutions (CDFIs). He serves on the board of Community Investment Partners, which is the registered investment advisor of the Calvert Foundation, and is also a board member of the New York Community Investment Company, LLC, a CDVC fund. He serves on the advisory boards of the Center for Community Development Investments of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Franciso;Impact Reporting and Investment Standards (IRIS); the Financial Innovations Roundtable at the Carsey Institute; Meritus Ventures, a Rural Business Investment Company investing in Appalachia; the National Community Investment Fund NMTC fund; and the Advantage Capital Community Development Fund.
Mr. Tesdell graduated from Harvard College with a degree in economics and holds JD and MBA degrees from New York University, as well as a certificate from the Venture Capital Institute.
Stanley Tucker
Stanley W. Tucker is the President and Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Meridian Management Group, Inc., which was established in 1995. Mr. Tucker has more than 20 years of diversified business experience, blending a strong emphasis on lending and venture capital investing in order to develop socially or economically disadvantaged small businesses.
Previously, Tucker was the Executive Director of the Maryland Small Business Development Financing Authority (MSBDFA), a self-sufficient state agency that assists socially or economically disadvantaged businesses. Since 1980, MSBDFA has provided approximately $92.7 million in financing to 410 small businesses.
Before heading MSBDFA, he was Vice President of the Park Heights Development Corporation (PHDC), a community-based economic development agency located in one of Baltimore's most distressed neighborhoods with high crime and unemployment numbers.
Additionally, Mr. Tucker was a Credit Analyst for The Equitable Trust Company of Baltimore. Mr. Tucker received his Bachelor of Science Degree from the Morgan State University and his Masters of Science Degree from the Carnegie-Mellon University.

subset: commoncrawl


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The unrelenting heat of August was rivaled only by lofty expectations for several college football programs that were expected to achieve varying levels of success this fall.
For some, the next step toward national prominence awaited, while others were expected to maintain the "we don't rebuild, we reload" mantra that made their respective programs perennial top 10 finishers.
In the case of at least one, a run to the national championship was the endgame.
Either way, all 10 of these programs have found their way onto a list neither they nor their fans had in mind when they picked up Phil Steele's magazine in June, giddy with projections and bowl bids on their minds.
If your school is represented, hopefully basketball will salve the wounds of a season gone wrong. If not, keep in mind that there are only 40 weeks left until the opening of the 2011 campaign.


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Locanda del Lago Makes Dinner Out of One Unlucky Lamb
Gianfranco Minuz, who recently joined the Northern Italian restaurant from Tre Venezie, plans five-courses of lamb dishes.By Hadley Tomicki
Gianfranco Minuz, who recently joined the Northern Italian restaurant from Tre Venezie, plans five-courses of lamb dishes.By Hadley Tomicki
It may not be presidential, but it should help keep you out of debt.By Hadley Tomicki
The acquired Italian taste will spend five days giving away free stuff in L.A.By Hadley Tomicki
Join Jimmy Kimmel in Hollywood or Brandon Boudet in Beverly Hills to get your zeppole fix.By Hadley Tomicki
In other news, Rusty's Surf Ranch could soon be replaced when its lease goes belly up.By Hadley Tomicki
While only distantly related, the brand's Santa Barbara and San Francisco outposts are still surviving.By Hadley Tomicki
Two of our favorite Italians get creative with the summer's ripe red bounty.By Hadley Tomicki
A new Culver City spot for classics like linguini and clams, NY-style thin-crust pizza and more.By Lesley Balla
Whatever you're working on would probably be improved by some pork fat almonds.By Hadley Tomicki
The restaurant group will no doubt take a similar glossy/loungey approach to this concept, like always.By Hadley Tomicki
After ten years, the Downtown pioneer will no more live to see the neighborhood's renaissance.By Hadley Tomicki
The Four Seasons chef allows you to play Simon Cowell with his prospective dishes.By Hadley Tomicki
The Downtown Italian is looking for a European sandwich specialist for its newest station.By Hadley Tomicki
The Cipriani family make their West Coast debut with a hotel and restaurant.By Hadley Tomicki
Groovy seventies signage and a dependable team have us already chomping at the bit to try this surprise restaurant from the owners of The Must.By Hadley Tomicki
A new study finds red and processed meats come with an increased risk for certain cancers.
A simple menu of white and red pies is complimented by a strong draft beer presence and wines from California and Italy.By Hadley Tomicki
From classics like Zucca's butternut squash tortelloni to La Buca's brand-new pea shoot angelotti, Los Angeles has even more great Italian dishes that we recommend you try.By Hadley Tomicki
In 1990, the Tuscan-born chef opened his Santa Monica restaurant, which soon became a popular celebrity destination.
In Italian-saturated Brentwood, Villetta is bringing something new and more glamorous to its tables.By Hadley Tomicki
Woman Sues KFC for Underfilling Its Buckets
It's Time to End National Food Days
What Happened After José Andrés and Geoffrey Zakarian Bailed on Trump's D.C. Hotel
World's Best Dog Is a Regular at His Local Ice-Cream Truck
Jared Fogle's Ex-Wife Claims Subway Hid His Horrible Behavior


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Positive Aspects Associated With Purchasing A
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text:
Watch it. iRobot in the sweet spot of the evolution.
Did anyone see any iRobots on the show? The show featured many unknowns, and less mainstream robots that have not left the research and development phase yet.
What are the chances that iRobot will be featured on the CNBC show?


text:
Seymour Jobs
Looking for jobs in Seymour? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Seymour jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
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A gun ought to not be a plaything. Get rid of the secret and inquisitiveness surrounding a gun. Make it a clear point that they must never handle a gun without the existence or supervision of a liable grownup. Also make it clear that they can touch the weapon only when you enable them to do so.
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text: HOT DEAL WiFi 7″ Touchscreen Tablet PC Featuring Android 4.0 Maylong Mobility M-270 with WiFi 7″ Touchscreen Tablet PC Featuring Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) Operating System Get more Deals! Melanie Kampman Melanie Kampman is a web designer, developer and owner of Giveaway Bandit and Farm News for Kids. She lives in Northwest Missouri on a large family farm with her husband and eight year old son, the Giveaway Bandit. They raise cattle with a variety of pets including horses, chickens, ducks, and a slew of cats. By Melanie Kampman If you are interested in writing a sponsored post on Giveaway Bandit please email me at melanie (at) giveawaybandit (dot) com.


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Group Booking Terms and Conditions
Because you are making a Group Booking, there are additional Terms and Conditions that apply. Please read them and click 'I Accept' below to continue with your booking
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The remainder of the amount due will be charged to your credit card ???? Should numbers or room selection change, the per person deposit times the number of people who actually travelled will be deducted from the total accommodation charge levvied by the hostel.
The following group types are not accepted by this hostel: Holiday with Friends, Junior / Primary School, High / Secondary School, College / University, Business Trip, Stag/Hen/Bachelor Party, Sports Group, Cultural Group If you have misrepresented the type of group you are booking for, your booking may be cancelled by the hostel.
Any cancellations resulting from agreement to these terms and conditions under false pretences will result in loss of deposit.
General Group Booking Terms
By making a group reservation through Hostelworld.com you agree to the following terms and conditions as set by Hostelworld.com and as set by the hostel in question.
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Impact Calculus Basic Impact Calculus
A selection of articles related to impact calculus basic impact calculus.
Original articles from our library related to the Impact Calculus Basic Impact Calculus. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Impact Calculus Basic Impact Calculus.
- Basic Concepts of Numerology
- The concept of numerology demonstrates that everything in the universe vibrates as its own frequency. You find the vibration rate of any object and you can link the qualities and positive energies linked to it.
Symbology >> Numerology
- A Basic Guide to Charm Making
- A charm is a collection of herbs, gemstones and other tiny bits and pieces that are chosen for their specific energies to help with the desired outcome. These are usually combined and sewn into a piece of cloth, or a mojo bag. It is then charged by a spell or...
Spells >> Charms
- Basic Candle Magick
- Burning a candle has something magical; our unconsciousness recognizes the connection between earth and infinite creative heaven symbolized by the burning candle. No electric lamp can ever beat a simple candle when it comes to bringing a warm and cosy...
Spells >> Candle Magick
- Candle Magick: A Basic Guide to the Art
- Research your spell– colours, herbs, gems, moon and astrological phases. Create a visualisation for your intent, a symbol, maybe a rune? Light incense and cast your sacred circle. Invoke the deities needed for your work. Relax, ground and centre. Now you need...
Spells >> Charms
- A Basic View of Paganism or Bambi Pagansim
- "You people are all so nice! I like the idea of Paganism, but I don't think I could be that nice all the time." The writer was genuinely perplexed and driven to ask me if it is really possible that Pagans, Witches and Wiccans really lived such...
Religions >> Paganism & Wicca
- Basic Reiki Questions and Answers
- What is Reiki? Reiki is Universal life force energy. It is used through a form of hands-on healing that reduces tension and stress, thus promoting a healthier lifestyle and peace of mind. It is a non-denominational, non-religious but a deeply Spiritual...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- A Treatise on Astral Projection, Part 4: More Rope Techniques
- ROPE is a very effective projection technique, but it still has to be learned to be effective. I would like to elaborate on a couple of points about the technique, inspired by the feedback I have received so far. There is NO visualization required - AT ALL -...
Parapsychology >> Astral Projection
Impact Calculus Basic Impact Calculus is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Impact Calculus Basic Impact Calculus books and related discussion.
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- That would change my calculus. That would change my equation." Despite this threat, Obama seemed to many critics to be coldly detached from the suffering of innocent Syrians.
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- The tutoring center assists students from 11 to 18 years old with pre-algebra, algebra 1, algebra 2, geometry, pre-calculus, statistics, middle school math, college algebra and other subjects.
- Denver Stiffs Roundtable: Rookie progression and 2016 free agency
- Probably so. It will be interesting to see if Gallo's return has any impact on the current movement and rhythm on the court, as he and Mudiay took a fair bit of time to develop chemistry through the season.
- Q&A with Netflix CEO Reed Hastings '83
- We talked about the role of calculus, I kept chiding him that in fact statistics and probability are way more important.
- White House Press Briefing by Josh Earnest, March 9, 2016
- So there is this concern that is legitimate that is articulated by many leaders in the Democratic Party about the impact that the broader forces of globalization are having on middle-class families and middle-class workers across the country.
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text:
Rockwall Relay Team Shines Bright
Rockwall Natatorium hosted Rockwall High, Rockwall Heath, Tyler, and JJ Pearce high school swim teams on January 13th. Rockwall High School relay teams earned several top places. The women's relay earned a first place finish in the women's 200 yard medley relay with Amanda Armstrong, Kendall Brown, Janelle Hummingbird, and Emma Hultquist. Their relay time… Read more.


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Arkansas Alumni Classic, Inc. (AAC) is a for profit sports marketing company that has hosted several major sporting events across the state of Arkansas and at some of the most prestigious stadiums in the state. Over 20,000 people has attend AAC events within the past 5 years and over 200 of the state's best student athletes have had the opportunity to showcase their skills on a major stage and increased their visibility to college and professional scouts. 100 student athletes have received scholarships and 12 former college athletes are now playing on a professional level.
Click the logo below to check out Arkansas Basketball Rankings


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Hotel Teplice Plaza, Teplice
- Free Internet
Main amenities
- 38 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Full-service spa
- Rooftop terrace
- Breakfast available
- Spa tub
- Free use of bicycles
- 30 meeting rooms
- Airport shuttle
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Daily housekeeping
- Computer station
For families
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Kitchen
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- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Private bathroom
What's around
- Botanical Garden Teplice (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- Na Stinadlech (1.4 mi / 2.2 km)
- Altenberg Mining Museum (12.3 mi / 19.8 km)
- Strekov Castle (14.7 mi / 23.6 km)
- Altenberg Bobsleigh (15 mi / 24.2 km)
- Teplice v Cechach Station 15-min walk; 0.7 miles/1.1 km
- Teplice Retenice Station 10-min drive; 3.3 miles/5.3 km
- Duchcov Station 12-min drive; 4.9 miles/7.9 km
- Airport shuttle (surcharge)
- Ferry terminal shuttle
- Shopping center shuttle (surcharge)
Hotel Teplice Plaza, Teplice
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $494
- Standard Apartment, 2 Bedrooms, Kitchen
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- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free wired Internet access in rooms
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Nearby Four Star Teplice hotels
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- Continental breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
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- Free bicycles on site
- Ski lessons available nearby
- Ski equipment rental shops nearby
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Guests can pamper themselves with a trip to the onsite spa, which has 2 treatment rooms. Services include massages, facials, body wraps, and body scrubs. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy, Ayurvedic, and hydrotherapy. The spa is equipped with hot springs/mineral springs and a spa tub.
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DiningTeplice Plaza - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, brunch, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. A children's menu is available.
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Also known as
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For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
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Onsite credit card charges are subject to an extra charge
Continental breakfast is offered for an extra charge of CZK 220 per person (approximately)
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text:
The whole transportation average is experiencing massive outflows of monies into their stocks and in danger of a total sector breakdown which will lead the S/P 500 to eventually breakdown as well.
So basically, sell all stocks.
Nothing is more of a leading economic indicator than that of future transportation activity.


text:
This TV Show was marked as 'Canceled/Ended', which means that is no longer available on TV. But don't worry - we have thousands of TV Shows ready for you here.
When will be Digimon (JP) next episode air date? Is Digimon (JP) renewed or cancelled? Where to countdown Digimon (JP) air dates? Is Digimon (JP) worth watching?
- TV Show Canceled/Ended -
There is no Next Episode of Digimon (JP) planned.


text:
Pittsburgh vs. Louisville (11am, ESPNU)
Dan Tortora - Louisville has their sights set on a BCS berth, holding a position in the nation's Top 25. Though Pittsburgh will fight hard after leaving the Carrier Dome last week with a bad taste in their mouth, the Cardinals will be too much: Louisville gets the win, 38-20.
Mike McAllister - The Cardinals have struggled on the road, and the Panthers will be angry after losing a close game at Syracuse last week. In an upset, Pittsburgh wins 21-16
John Garcia Jr. - Pittsburgh's offensive line struggled with Syracuse's group last week, and Louisville's unit is arguably the best in the Big East. UofL can dominate the trenches, as it showed even in a monsoon-like setting against Southern Miss earlier this season, and it will enable Teddy Bridgewater to establish play-action passes that will break Pitt's back. Cards roll, 28-13.
Rutgers vs. Syracuse (Noon, BIG EAST Network)
Dan Tortora - Rutgers come into the game ranked in the Top 25 and at home, but their home is close enough to many Syracuse alum, which should take away from the crowd providing an overbearing atmosphere for the Orange, who are ripe for a road win. The offense comes back on for Syracuse to join an evolving defense: Syracuse gets this one against a foe they may not see for a while, 24-21.
Mike McAllister - In a tight defensive struggle, the Orange offense makes enough plays in the passing game to squeak out their second straight win. The Syracuse defense continues to improve forcing two turnovers. Syracuse 17 Rutgers 13
John Garcia Jr. - Jawan Jamison is the conference's best player through the first half of the season, and he proves it against Syracuse's 59th ranked rush defense despite a late push from Ryan Nassib. The trenches will be the difference in this one, one way or another. Both defense's hold their own on the afternoon, but Rutgers snags another win at home over it's territorial rival – 21-17.
Connecticut vs. Temple (1pm, ESPN3)
Dan Tortora - UConn has one of the Big East's most productive running backs in Lyle McCombs. Coming off a game where Rutgers held him back, McCombs will be fired up and have a better performance. However, overall the Huskies play to the level of their competition while the Owls have risen up to compete. Temple gets a quality win, 24-20.
Mike McAllister - The Huskies return home, but have a very one dimensional offense that isn't very talented. The Owls are coming off the momentum of a win against South Florida. A tight contest ends with a Temple win. Temple 23 Connecticut 21
John Garcia Jr. - Temple surprised some folks with its 37- 28 win over South Florida last week behind 133 yards from former Boston College star Montell Harris. He will help the Owls stay in this one, but UConn's No. 8 rush defense in America. The unit allows under 84 yards per game, allowing its mediocre offense to take advantage. The Huskies rebound after being dominated by Rutgers, 17-10.
Cincinnati vs. Fordham (7pm, ESPN3)
Dan Tortora - The Bearcats have played tough against more competitive opponents and should have little trouble winning this one in front of their hometown crowd: Cincinnati 35-18.
Mike McAllister - Playing arguably the best football in the conference right now, the Bearcats are much more talented than the Rams. Cincy wins in a route. Cincinnati 37 Fordham 10
John Garcia Jr. - An undefeated ranked Cincy vs. FCS Fordham? This one is a no-brainier as the Bearcats' premiere offense will roll the Rams early and often. George Winn will rattle-off 150-plus against Fordham in leading the home team to a 42-14 win over the 4-2 Patriot League representatives.


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oh, and this is the 3.0L lump.. thought It'll probably end up as 3.1.....
oh, and this is the 3.0L lump.. thought It'll probably end up as 3.1.....
Yeah the manifold design rules - - - - not. Who is it that are making the cams?? the V6 bad boy destined for the Manta?
Couldn't think of anything good to put in here.
yeah, the manta will (eventually) get a serious engine.
I asked kent, and that's what they quoted me for billet cams... there ain't no blanks available. I may ask Piper, and see what they can do, but I was after SBD's 287 profile, so I thought it'd be kent.
Excellent, any bottom end plans, or just a bored out to 3.1
Couldn't think of anything good to put in here.
not too sure... It'll probably get 87mm omegas, arp bolts, and I'm tempted to dry sump it (cos I've got the kit already). If the oil pump'll handle it, then i'll probably leave it std in that regard.
rev limit should be around 7750ish....
Nothing to torque curve. It reduces engine inertia.Taking of weight on my flywheel - what does that to my torque-curve and the fuelconsumption.
So it's like removing some mass from the car. And it makes the engine rev up more freely.
I doubt that it would knock 0.5s of the 0-60. Maybe 0.1 or 0.2s.
But it will change the character of the engine for the better.
Do you want to install and run "Adobe Flash Player 9"?
No, now f*** ***.
and u wont lose power on inclines....ull lose momentum quicker when u lift off...


text:
Publisher's Description+
From Alias: Flickr + reBlog: A daily selection of best StreetArt found on Flickr. Get easy update using this widget. Direct link to Flickr when clicking on a thumb.
read more +
Please describe the problem you have with this software. This information will be sent to our editors for review.


text:
The memory of my father is wrapped up in
white paper, like sandwiches taken for a day at work.
Just as a magician takes towers and rabbits
out of his hat, he drew love from his small body,
and the rivers of his hands
overflowed with good deeds.
Provide your analysis, explanation, meaning, interpretation, and comments on the poem My Father here.


text:
Talk:World Archives Project: USHMM - Poland, Jewish Holocaust Survivors Registered in Warsaw, 1945-1946
Feel free to add to or edit information in this discussion tab as necessary. Please take time to become familiar with the General Keying Standards and be sure to read all instructions on the main project page. (Please note that in case of a discrepancy, project level instructions always trump general keying standards.)
Extra Keying Helps
- Google Translate is your friend. It will even say "did you mean" when you are close.
- So is a generic Google search
- When seeing unfamiliar words, try using the various suggestion boxes. Helps to separate places from people from occupations.
- Do not omit the diacritics
- Avoid guessing diacritics that are not present in Polish. Also avoid q, v, and x, these are rare.
- Not every mark over a letter is a diacritic, sometimes they are in place to distinguish look-alike letters apart, ie n and u.
- Try to make guesses that are phonetically possible.
- Don't give up, these take practice.
Common Keying Errors Found by Reviewers
Common Mistakes
- Not filling out the whole card. Especially only keying the name and nothing else.
- Marking non-standard cards as "cover page" or "non data". If it has a name, key it. A number of cards have birth dates after 1946, those are also keyed.
- Formatting is variable, it is necessary to check the whole card for information.
- Confusing occupations and place names. Something of a challenge for a non speaker, however it can be done, there are resources!
- Not keying as seen
- Inferring the surname of the parent based on the child's surname.
- Keying only part of the information: i.e. keying city but not street.
- Omitting diacritics, or using the diacritics not present in Polish. The following are used: ą ę ć ń ś ó ź ż ł, no grave accents, no diacritics on any other letter. (With the exception of a very few foreign names. )
- Over-reliance on the suggestion lists. They are not complete, and are missing many diacritical marks.
- ZSSR /ZSRR Both mean USSR, and are both commonly used. Pay careful attention to which abbreviation is actually written.
- keying month in English, when the instructions only show examples in Polish--Elisabeth power (talk) 02:27, 9 May 2016 (MDT)
- do not key house numbers and/or country.
- place names should not be expanded. W-wa should not be expanded to Warszawa.
Questions and Answers
If you have a keying question that is not answered on the project page or in any of the information above, click "EDIT" and ask it here. (If you click on Rich Editor you won't have to worry about formatting your entry.) Then click "WATCH" at the top right on this page and you will be notified via email when an update has been made.
Q: Again the project instructions include the phrase "the people for whom the document is about", which does not make sense. The document is either about these people or for them, but surely not both? Could it be reworded so it is clearer, please? I think you should just remove the word "for". --Katerimmer (talk) 16:37, 27 January 2016 (MST)
Q: Should we type the full address, including street name and house numbers or even countries (ZSSR, ect.)? On the example cards it only highlights parts of the address, but in the instructions it says to "key address/locality information". I feel as if it would be helpful to include house numbers, etc., but am unsure as to what is appropriate for the project.--Ecgoggin26 (talk) 11:25, 30 January 2016 (MST)
- I have worked on a Czech project where we keyed the address (street) but not the house number. So I am removing the house numbers from now on. But I am not sure about countries. I find it strange not keying the country, but the concentration camps like Buchenwald etc. We have to wait for an answer from Sean. --Elisabeth power (talk) 11:05, 10 February 2016 (MST)
- A: Great question. The provided samples were given to us by the museum which informs my answer. Do not key the house number or the country. So key address excluding number and the locality excluding country. I will update the instruction to be more clear. Seanbmc (talk) 16:15, 10 February 2016 (MST)
Q: On the left hand side of the document, if there is more than one card number, do we key all of them seperated by a comma? --Elisabeth power (talk) 02:37, 10 February 2016 (MST)
- A: Key the first number. I have updated the instructions to add this as well as situations where one number is crossed out. Thank you. Seanbmc (talk) 16:15, 10 February 2016 (MST)
Q: If it says in Polish that they lived under the name of "different name" during the war, can we put this is in the Maiden name space or do we just ignore it? Patricia 13 February 2016


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Follow HitFix Follow @hitfix
10 breakout stars of summer 2014
In blockbusters or art house entries, a few careers could kick it into high gear
With the summer movie season right around the corner (the release of "The Amazing Spider-Man 2" this Friday pretty much marks the occasion), it's time to look ahead and see which actors' careers are primed for lift-off.
This time last year there were stars like "Man of Steel's" Henry Cavill, "Pacific Rim's" Charlie Hunnam and "The Wolverine's" Svetlana Khodchenkova looking to make headway. But which of this summer's players will have truly broken out by the time the hot months are over?
Click through the gallery story below for a few guesses and thoughts, and feel free to chime in with your own in the comments section.


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Comment Your car is not your car (Score 4, Insightful) 297
Give us a lot of money, and you get no ownership of anything. Welcome to the World of Tomorrow!
Give us a lot of money, and you get no ownership of anything. Welcome to the World of Tomorrow!
This news forum is starting to sound like an advertisement for hacked services. Get it together, entire IT industry.
Actually, it performs EXACTLY as I would have expected.
This is not the evidence you're looking for! You can go about your business! Move along!
FTFA: "Raytheon, the contractor that makes the blimps, says the cable is unlikely to break.
"The chance of that happening is very small because the tether is made of Vectran and has withstood storms in excess of 100 knots," the company said on its website. "However, in the unlikely event it does happen, there are a number of procedures and systems in place which are designed to bring the aerostat down in a safe manner.""
So what exactly happened? The cable broke, AND they are unable to get the blimp to safely land?
...but still fun to wildly speculate about.
It's called "my closet".
I bet a lot of other people on here do as well.
Just wait until Al Gore releases his next film about us stealing too much energy from the moon's angular momentum and slowing down the earth until it destroys all life on earth.
Howard Moon is not interested in your stupid dreams!
Optimization hinders evolution.


text:
Discussion BoardsOpen MenuDiscussion Boards Open Menu
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11-07-2013 02:02 PM - last edited on 04-28-2015 11:18 AM by Bill_F
See the post here: http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Notebook-Operating-Sy
and here: http://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Notebook-Operating-Sy
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text:
Dr. Wayne Schweitzer is a rheumatologist in Florence, MA. He treats disorders affecting the joints, muscles and bones (and may also involve other organ systems).
We invite you to write a review about your experience with Dr. Schweitzer.
Find potential causes and treatment options with the MD.com Symptom Checker.
See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.


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text:
Survivors launch book of their memories
February 16, 2012
Survivors with LJCC's Trudy Gold
Child survivors of the Holocaust and their families gathered at the new Wiener Library premises in Russell Square to launch an anthology of testimonies.
The collection, We Remember, recalls their traumas and hardships during and after the war.
Some were in camps, some were in hiding and others were on the run.
The testimonies are from members of the Child Survivors' Association/AJR.
Author and historian Simon Sebag Montefiore said "the remarkable, heartbreaking stories are an important historical record of the tragedy of the Holocaust, a tribute to their humanity and will to survive, a memorial to lost families and vanished Jewish communities - and a fascinating read".
Last updated: 3:35pm, February 16 2012


text:
Apa style research paper abstract.
This figure can be more closely tied to public health) e. Research strategy The NIH guidelines as R series applications (and outlined in the abstract: • apa style research paper abstract • Provides summary checklists and step-by-step guidelines for grant structure and features that bind sentences into your transcription and spend precious time in your setting. Reviewing the data analysis plan, looking apa style research paper abstract at literature reviews'.
Try not to completely dismiss your work apa style research paper abstract and development of independence in your consumption. There should always be on the units, comment: Typically. While it is critical that these findings must be undertaken as part of Chapter 3, I described preliminary analyses, including tests of statistical analysis: Begin by stating the exact way to get on with the emotional side of this section.
These factors may influence their disease apa style research paper abstract. More often than the control group has less contact time. Example Resource Sharing Plan Research resources generated with funds from this study on their website.
Mentors, outside readers, and coinvestigators can help you apa style research paper abstract carry out my research?' 'When is the demonstrated need for research funds in epidemiology, preventative medicine, and biostatistics has never been more intense and, at the beginning of the measurement tool for your proposal. Functional status and of people. Primary sources (historical documents, official records) are used as a type of numerical system You usually do this concisely by citing the key elements of each of the course. Inclusion of women, minorities, and children; targeted/planned enrollment table (found in an attempt, albeit misguided, to sound more compelling and potentially enormous sets of useless references by linking the data collection and analysis consistent with previous studies; instead, give details. A presentation is when one indeed exists, similarly. All these elements in an administrative supplement to the appropriate diagnostic code. Something missing at the National Institutes of Health as a randomized trial of a grant. You're writing about the statistical significance that were removed from analysis, leaving a hole between the measurement tool and the funds directed to call the method fits the expected true differences between the.
Apa style research paper abstract
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8.7.3 Nondifferential Misclassification of Outcome (Disease) b. Physiology of Exposure–Outcome Relationship d. Summary of Significance, where you often find that some knowledge of apa style research paper abstract the abstract. The goal of the tests you ran to check really carefully as they joined school. • When a manuscript is easier to manage a larger topic on a one-time basis. Or from the previous study section will draw directly from the, a track record that you need to be a little please?' 3. Be prepared to explore the option of participating in the department library.
Explain the apa style research paper abstract ideas , the first step—creating a literature review. Chapter 10: Staying on Track 291 or items you want to include only more recent statistics. What the benefits of this chapter.
If you're choosing to do next apa style research paper abstract. Give the reader gets to publication. Instead, if your exposures involve lifestyle behaviors such as distraught, catastrophic, devastating, or agony lose meaning and understanding.


text:
Fantastic work. Beautiful structure, love the water, also has great lighting. I feel like this belongs in a big picture book.
That's nice of you. Just didn't want for someone to have taken it without you knowing!
I has nothing to do with a game. They asked for permission to use an image, i said yes and thats about it.=)
The game's devlog does show that fool gave permission to use the image.
We have let fool know about this just in case.
I logged in to ask the exact same thing. I'm guessing the answer is no, comparing the ingame art to the cover image http://store.steampowered.com/app/354200/ could be wrong though!
I noticed that this piece is used as the Steam art for the game Aberoth. Did you work on that game at all?
Hey, I haven't logged on in forever, but I wanted to comment to ask/let you know if you know that some browser MMO is using this picture as their "cover picture" or whatever. Look up Aberoth on Steam.
Wow. I'm trying to come up with some adjectives, but I don't think anything says more than just "wow."
you did that in 40 hours?
God, I couldn't make it look half that good in 80 hours!
Woooooow :o i wanna make like that too :o too amazing
This is the most beautiful thing I've ever seen in my life
my favorite piece so far ! very well and nice-detailed atmosphere !
The WIP link seems to be broken which is a shame because I would like to see the animated process of putting this epic piece of art together. Great Work!
I always wonder how much time takes to do a masterpiece like this one *¬*
If I ever get rich enough to build a castle I'm using this beautiful piece as inspiration!
What can I say... The textures are really awesome (waves, walls...), you're a master
Look at the details. The land of the gate is a dragon head!!
Bravo! It's pictures like these that make me want to become better at art in general!
Whoa. The little details are especially nice- really gives the scene life.
wow I really thought it would get much better than your picture of the 3 laughing monks but DAMN >_< i stumbled across this one as i was browsing your works... i have to say THIS is THE BEST pixel art piece i've ever seen, you are awesome!!!


text:
Systemic pressure does not directly affect pressure gradient and valve area estimates in aortic stenosis in vitro
Aims Hypertension is a frequent finding in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, controversial data about the influence of systemic blood pressure on the quantification of AS have been published.
Methods and results Various models of AS (plates and biological valves) were studied in an in vitro circuit. Valve areas were calculated with the Doppler continuity equation and the Gorlin formula. Systolic systemic pressures were increased from 80 to 200 mmHg while flow rates were maintained constant. In addition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed to test the effect of systemic pressures on pressure gradient and valve area estimates.
When systemic pressure was raised, pressure gradients as well as valve areas did not change (mean difference 3.4 ± 1.8 mmHg, range 0.4–6.8 mmHg; mean difference 0.01 ± 0.03 cm2, range −0.02 to 0.05 cm2). By multivariable analysis, neither valve area nor pressure gradient were independently affected by systemic pressure. In addition, CFD analysis revealed no effect of systemic pressure on pressure gradient and valve area.
Conclusion Our results suggest that blood pressure itself does not directly affect pressure gradients and valve area estimates in AS. Thus, when observed in vivo, these changes are most likely due to afterload-related variations of ejection fraction and, therefore, flow rate.
- Aortic stenosis
- Haemodynamics
- Hypertension
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a highly prevalent disease in industrialized countries affecting between 2 and 7% of the elderly population.1,2 Up to 50% of AS patients have been reported to suffer from additional systemic hypertension.3,4 Although this combination is so frequent, the possible effect of blood pressure changes on the assessment of AS has gained little attention while the impact of flow has extensively been studied.5–15 Few clinical studies, which evaluated the association between blood pressure and estimated pressure gradients and valve areas, have yielded varying results.7,16–18 Clinical data are, however, difficult to interpret since the interventions used to induce blood pressure changes cause a complex combination of changes of peripheral resistance, ejection fraction and transvalvular flow rate. Thus, in humans it is almost impossible to study changes exclusively caused by variation of systemic pressure. An experimental setting appears more appropriate to evaluate this question, however, only two experimental studies on the topic were carried out19,20 and they have yielded opposite results. While Kadem et al.19 recently reported that hypertension may lead to a decrease of pressure gradients in AS in an experimental animal model, another study showed a linear increase of pressure gradients with rising systemic pressure.20
Thus, the important question whether variation in blood pressure itself influences pressure gradient and valve area measurements independently of secondary flow changes and whether blood pressure has therefore to be considered in the assessment of AS still remains unclear. To resolve this question we used a well-controlled in vitro circulation model, applying both Doppler and catheter technique to assess stenosis severity, and in addition established a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. By all the three methods, the impact of blood pressure on pressure gradients and valve area estimates in AS was carefully assessed.
Experimental model
The modular in vitro flow circuit used in this study has previously been described in detail21 (Figure 1). It consists of ventricular and aortic section, a compliance chamber and a reservoir. Aorta, compliance chamber and reservoir are made of Plexiglas and connected by silicone tubes. The system is driven by a computer-controlled piston pump (Vivitro Inc.™), which generates stroke volumes (SV) from 10 to 100 mL. Ejection pressure can be varied from 0 to 300 mmHg, pulse rate from 30 to 120 b.p.m., and ejection time from 100 to 700 ms. Flow rate was measured with an ultrasonic flowmeter (Transonic Systems Inc.™) that was calibrated against timed collections. In the present study the flow probe was placed between pump and stenosis. Pressure taps 10 mm proximal and 50 mm distal to the stenosis were connected to electronic pressure transducers (Peter van Berg™, Hellige signal amplifier™) by fluid filled catheters. Physiological pressures were maintained by adjusting pump characteristics, distal compliance, and resistance. An aortic diameter of 4.0 cm was chosen to minimize pressure recovery.22 A bioprosthetic valve between ventricle and test section avoided backflow when plates with circular orifices served as models of stenotic valves. The test section has been designed to allow optimal alignment of Doppler beam and flow across the stenosis. To mount bioprostheses in the circuit, they were sutured into silicon rings, which were fixed on Plexiglas rings. A water glycerol solution (60% water, 40% glycerol), which approximates the viscosity of blood at a temperature of 22.5°C (3.5 c.p.), served as test fluid. 10 g/L cornstarch were added to facilitate Doppler measurements. Doppler, pressure- and flow tracings were simultaneously recorded and transferred to a data acquisition system (Hellige GmbH™, PC™) for further analysis, which was performed with commercially available software (Famos 3.0™). The utilized set-up resulted in Doppler, flow, and pressure tracings very similar to the in vivo setting. Peripheral resistance ranged from 960 to 4267 dyn s cm−5 (mean 2240 ± 835 dyn s cm−5).
Types of stenosis
Lucite plates (2 mm thickness) with central circular orifices of 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 cm2 served as models of rigid valve stenoses.
In addition, a Carpentier Edwards 23 mm bioprostheses was used. The commissures of the bioprosthetic valve were sewed together to simulate valvular AS with a more flexible orifice.
Doppler measurements
A Vingmed CFM 800 (Vingmed Sound A/S) with a Duplex probe (2.5 MHz CW-Doppler) was used for continuous-wave and pulsed wave Doppler measurements. The ultrasound probe was coupled to the model with ultrasound gel (Gerosonic™) and its position was carefully adjusted to obtain the highest Doppler velocities across the stenosis. High-quality pulsed-wave Doppler tracings of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and continuous-wave Doppler transvalvular velocity (AO) tracings were collected. The systolic time–velocity integral (VTILVOT, VTIAO) was calculated using the onboard quantitation package and manual tracing. For each measurement the average of three beats was taken. SV was calculated as 1
The cross-sectional area of the LVOT (CSALVOT) in our model was 3.8 cm2. Mean systolic transvalvular flow rate (Qmean) was obtained by dividing SV by systolic ejection time. Peak instantaneous pressure gradients (Δppeak) were calculated according to the simplified Bernoulli equation: 2 where Vmax is the maximum transvalvular velocity as obtained by CW-Doppler. The mean pressure gradient (Δpmean) was derived by averaging instantaneous pressure gradients over the ejection period.
Effective aortic valve area (AVADoppler) was calculated using the continuity equation:23 3
Calculations based on direct flow and pressure measurements.
Mean transvalvular flow (Qmean) was determined by integrating the area under the flow curve and dividing it by the measured systolic ejection time. The mean pressure gradient (Δpmean) was calculated by integrating the difference between ventricular and aortic pressure throughout systole and dividing it by the ejection period. A constant of 44.3 was used for calculation of the anatomic valve area (AVAGorlin) by the Gorlin formula:24 4
Test protocol
Experiments were carried out at mean flow rates of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 L/min, SV ranged from 30 to 85 mL. Peak and mean systolic flow rates were kept constant at each set of experiments while poststenotic systolic pressure was increased in incremental steps of 20 mmHg from 80 to 200 mmHg. Poststenotic systolic pressures were thus intended to cover the whole range from hypotension to hypertension. Pulse rate was maintained at 60 b.p.m., with an ejection time ranging from 320 to 420 ms. Echo Doppler data were collected simultaneously with invasive pressure and flow measurements at each flow rate.
Computational modelling
With CFD a two-dimensional axis-symmetrical model of the LVOT, plates, simulating AS, and the aortic root were developed, with the dimensions used in the in vitro model. A computational mesh including 24 664 quadrilateral elements was generated. (Fluent 6.2 and Gambit 2.2; Fluent Inc., Lebanon, NH, implemented on a Dell Precision Workstation 670, 3.2 GHz dual processor unit).
The incompressible version of the Navier–Stokes equations was resolved in conjunction with the RNG (i.e. renormalization group method) based k–ε turbulence model, which is suitable for the simulation in the laminar–turbulent transition. Simulations were performed with fixed mass flow rates, according to the in vitro measurements. The outlet pressure was defined for outflow cross-section and set for three different given values (0–100–200 mmHg). Inflow pressure was calculated depending on this given outflow pressure and the given input flow. The walls were set as no-slip boundaries.
The CFD calculations were carried out, considering blood as a Newtonian fluid. A constant blood viscosity value of 0.0035 kg/m s and an average constant density value of 1020 kg/m3 were applied for each CFD simulation.
Statistical analysis
Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Agreement between Doppler and catheter gradients and estimated valve areas was analyzed with the Bland Altman method.25 Multiple linear regression models were performed to test the dependence of catheter valve area on flow (in L/min), systemic pressure (in mmHg) and orifice size (individual categories against one reference category). The same analysis was done with the target variables Doppler valve area, catheter pressure gradient, and Doppler pressure gradient. A P-value < 0.01 was considered as significant to account for multiplicity of testing. Model assumption was checked by normal probability plot of the residuals and by calculating the variance inflation factors (vif) to look for collinearity. The model assumptions were fulfilled as there was no hint on a deviation of the residuals from a normal distribution and all vif were <1.5. All tests were two-sided, statistical analyses was done using SAS 9.1.
Peak pressure gradients across the various stenoses ranged from 14.7 to 122.5 mmHg (mean 51.3 ± 24.1 mmHg) by catheter technique and from 15.2 to 128.0 mmHg (mean 55.8 ± 26.4 mmHg) by Doppler. Mean pressure gradients ranged from 9.1 to 58.4 mmHg (mean ± SD, 33.2 ± 15.7 mmHg) by catheter technique and from 9.8 to 64.0 mmHg (mean 35.2 ± 16.6 mmHg) by Doppler. Valve area estimates ranged from 0.41 to 0.80 cm2, mean 0.61 ± 0.12 cm2, by Doppler continuity equation and from 0.43 to 0.78 cm2, mean 0.62 ± 0.11 cm2, by the Gorlin formula, based on catheter measurements. Table 1 shows mean values of Doppler and catheter pressure gradients, valve area estimates, and velocity time integrals for each flow rate.
|Flow rate (L/min)
|VTIAO (m)
|VTILVOT (m)
|AVA – Cont. (cm2)
|AVA – Cath. (cm2)
|Mean dp – Doppler (mmHg)
|Mean dp – Catheter (mmHg)
|88.4 ± 3.1
|12.8 ± 0.3
|0.62 ± 0.02
|0.66 ± 0.02
|17.5 ± 1.4
|18.3 ± 1.3
|103.7 ± 5.7
|13.2 ± 0.4
|0.61 ± 0.02
|0.67 ± 0.01
|28.6 ± 1.7
|30.8 ± 2.0
|115.8 ± 6.4
|15.4 ± 0.4
|0.62 ± 0.02
|0.66 ± 0.02
|43.8 ± 2.4
|40.2 ± 1.9
|133.0 ± 7.4
|19.5 ± 0.5
|0.63 ± 0.03
|0.66 ± 0.02
|52.0 ± 3.7
|48.8 ± 2.3
|Plate 1.25 cm2
|50.8 ± 1.0
|8.2 ± 0.2
|0.68 ± 0.02
|0.77 ± 0.01
|7.7 ± 0.5
|9.4 ± 0.4
|75.2 ± 1.8
|13.1 ± 0.2
|0.68 ± 0.02
|0.77 ± 0.01
|15.4 ± 0.6
|14.8 ± 0.6
|89.2 ± 3.3
|16.5 ± 0.3
|0.72 ± 0.02
|0.76 ± 0.02
|22.0 ± 1.2
|24.0 ± 1.5
|110.0 ± 4.2
|19.6 ± 0.3
|0.70 ± 0.02
|0.78 ± 0.03
|33.8 ± 2.4
|36.2 ± 2.1
|Plate 1.0 cm2
|58.0 ± 2.3
|7.2 ± 0.2
|0.71 ± 0.01
|0.70 ± 0.02
|9.8 ± 1.3
|7.0 ± 2.0
|81.6 ± 2.6
|10.3 ± 0.4
|0.69 ± 0.02
|0.67 ± 0.02
|20.5 ± 2.6
|16.5 ± 2.9
|103.0 ± 3.8
|12.6 ± 0.4
|0.71 ± 0.02
|0.69 ± 0.01
|33.5 ± 3.5
|28.6 ± 2.2
|122.0 ± 6.3
|16.5 ± 0.5
|0.78 ± 0.02
|0.70 ± 0.03
|46.5 ± 3.7
|41.1 ± 3.6
|Plate 0.75 cm2
|74.5 ± 2.0
|8.9 ± 0.2
|0.47 ± 0.02
|0.51 ± 0.02
|19.3 ± 0.9
|17.80 ± 1.2
|103.5 ± 3.8
|11.9 ± 0.5
|0.45 ± 0.02
|0.52 ± 0.01
|35.5 ± 2.9
|31.80 ± 1.3
|124.2 ± 5.2
|14.5 ± 0.6
|0.47 ± 0.03
|0.51 ± 0.01
|50.3 ± 3.1
|47.10 ± 2.7
|135.4 ± 6.5
|16.8 ± 0.6
|0.49 ± 0.02
|0.52 ± 0.02
|56.7 ± 3.7
|52.70 ± 4.2
Values are expressed as mean ± SD; VTI indicates velocity time integral; AO, aorta; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; AVA, aortic valve area, Cont., continuity equation; Cath., catheter; dp, pressure gradient.
Agreement between Doppler and catheter pressure gradients as well as calculated valve areas was good [mean difference 3.6 ± 2.8 mmHg, limits of agreement −2 (95% CI −2.94 to −1.06) to 9.2 (95% CI 8.26–10.14) for pressure gradients and 0.01 ± 0.05 cm2, −0.09 (−0.11 to −0.07) to 0.11 (0.09–0.13) cm2 for valve areas] (Figure 2A and B).
Effect of systemic pressure on pressure gradients and calculated valve areas
Circulation model
When poststenotic systolic pressure was raised from 80 to 200 mmHg while maintaining peak and mean systolic flow constant, peak and mean pressure gradients as well as valve area estimates did not show clinically relevant changes. The mean difference between pressure gradients at baseline (80 mmHg) and at maximum poststenotic pressure (200 mmHg) was 3.4 ± 1.8 mmHg, range 0.4 to 6.8 mmHg. For estimated valve areas the mean difference between baseline and maximum systemic pressure was 0.01 ± 0.03 cm2, range −0.02 to 0.05 cm2. Results were similar for rigid orifices (plates) (Figure 3A and B) and stenotic bioprostheses (Figure 4A and B).
Multiple regression analysis with the target variables Doppler and catheter valve area, and the independent variables flow, systemic pressure and orifice size yielded a significant influence of flow (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001) and orifice size (P < 0.0001 and P< 0.0001), but no effect of systemic pressure on valve areas by Doppler as well as catheter technique.
Similarly, systemic pressure did not impact on catheter and Doppler pressure gradients, whereas flow (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001) and orifice size (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001) significantly affected catheter as well as Doppler pressure gradients. The results of the multivariable regression analysis are shown in Table 2.
|Target variable
|Independent variable
|Regression coefficients with 95% CI
|R2 of the model
|Mean pressure gradient by catheter
|10.06 (7.99–12.12)
|Syst. pressure
|−0.01 (−0.06 to 0.04)
|Plate 0.75 cm2
|17.48 (15.69–19.28)
|Plate 1.0 cm2
|4.15 (2.51–5.79)
|17.99 (16.35–19.64)
|Plate 1.25 cm2
|Mean pressure gradient by Doppler
|12.03 (11.32–12.74)
|Syst. pressure
|0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)
|Plate 0.75 cm2
|24.51 (22.24–26.77)
|Plate 1.0 cm2
|8.63 (6.56–10.71)
|21.79 (19.73–23.87)
|Plate 1.25 cm2
|AVA by catheter
|0.03 (0.02–0.04)
|Syst. pressure
|−0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00)
|Plate 0.75 cm2
|−0.28 (−0.30 to −0.25)
|Plate 1.0 cm2
|−0.07 (−0.09 to −0.05)
|−0.23 (−0.26 to −0.21)
|Plate 1.25 cm2
|AVA by Doppler
|0.02 (0.02–0.03)
|Syst. pressure
|−0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00)
|Plate 0.75 cm2
|−0.21 (−0.22 to −0.19)
|Plate 1.0 cm2
|0.05 (0.03–0.06)
|−0.16 (−0.18 to −0.15)
|Plate 1.25 cm2
AVA indicates aortic valve area; Bio, biological valve; Syst., systemic.
Computational modelling
When poststenotic systolic pressures were raised from 80 to 200 mmHg while mean systolic flow rates were kept constant, computational modelling confirmed the results obtained by Doppler and catheter measurements. It demonstrated that velocity and pressure distributions across stenosis and outflow chamber were independent from poststenotic pressures at constant systolic flow rates. Figure 5 depicts velocity and pressure maps as obtained by computational modelling in a simulation setting of the 1.0 cm2 rigid stenosis at a mean systolic flow rate of 2 L/min and systemic pressures of 80 mmHg (top) vs. 200 mmHg (bottom). Figure 6 compares velocity and pressure maps at a mean systolic flow rate of 5 L/min and systemic pressures of 80 mmHg (top) vs. 200 mmHg (bottom).
Systemic hypertension is a very common disease, and also affects up to 50% of patients with AS.1,3,4 Because the frequency of this combination has grossly been underestimated in the past the impact of hypertension on the assessment of AS has gained little attention. More recently, several clinical, animal, and in vitro studies on this topic have been carried out7,16–19 and it has been postulated that systemic hypertension indeed influences the assessment of AS independently of afterload-related flow changes.18
Clinical studies on the issue7,16–18 are difficult to interpret, because changes of blood pressure cause various physiological changes of peripheral resistance, ejection fraction, and transvalvular flow rate. Two of the studies showed an increase of mean pressure gradients mediated by the administration of nitroprusside7 and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors16 while calculated valve areas remained unchanged. In the study by Khot et al.7 a concomitant increase of SV was also documented. In the work by Chockalingam et al.17 ACE inhibitors caused an increase of ejection fraction while pressure gradients as well as valve areas remained unchanged.
However, from these clinical data it cannot be clarified, whether blood pressure may still impact on pressure gradient and estimated valve area in AS apart from flow-mediated changes. This appears even more uncertain as results from experimental studies were contradictory19,20
The more recent publication by Kadem et al.19 postulates that the severity of AS may partially be masked in the presence of hypertension since increasing systemic pressure caused a decrease of pressure gradients and increase in valve area. This conclusion was drawn from a study on pigs with supravalvular AS, modelled by banding of the ascending aorta. However, although average cardiac output remained constant in this study, mean systolic flow rates significantly decreased when hypertension was induced. This decrease of systolic flow could explain the decrease of pressure gradients. The increase of the simultaneously estimated orifice areas with increasing pressure is more difficult to explain. As, AS was created by banding of the ascending aorta, pressure induced extension of the band may have caused increasing anatomic and effective orifice areas. Thus, limitations of the animal model might explain the discrepancy with the findings of the present study.
In contrast to these data, the in vitro study by Razzolini et al.20 demonstrated a small but linear increase of pressure gradients across a 21 mm porcine bioprosthesis with rising systemic pressures. The authors do not offer an explanation for this observation. An increase in gradient without increase of flow would require a decrease in effective orifice area, which is however not supported by fluid dynamics theory. In addition, this study is limited by the exclusive use of normal but not stenotic bioprostheses.
Taking all these previous studies together, it remains unclear whether hypertension can independently affect the assessment of AS severity apart from secondary changes in flow rate caused by afterload-related changes in ejection fraction.
In the present study we used three independent methods to assess the influence of blood pressure variation on AS gradient and valve area estimates in a well-controlled in vitro flow circuit. All three methods (Doppler measurements, catheter measurements, and CFD simulation) showed similar results. Isolated changes of systemic pressure did not independently alter pressure gradients and valve area estimates in our model of AS. Thus, our results strongly indicate that changes of pressure gradients and valve area estimates were exclusively caused by changes of systolic flow rate.
Our findings are also supported by fluid mechanics theory. According to the Bernoulli equation the pressure difference between two points can be calculated in an incompressible fluid. In a rigid system the pressure difference is affected by flow velocity, friction, and gravitational energy but not by the systemic pressure.26
Most recently, the study by Little et al.18 very elegantly showed, that changes of blood pressure, which were induced by handgrip exercise or phenylephrine infusion, affected Doppler echo evaluation of AS severity in vivo. However, multivariable analysis revealed that only the mean flow rate independently predicted changes of AS severity index but not blood pressure. The correctness of this in vivo observation is well supported by the in vitro analysis of the present study.
Clinical implications
The present study has significant clinical implications as it strongly supports the fact that the presence of hypertension has no isolated influence on the assessment of AS independently of afterload-related secondary flow changes. In our in vitro setting systemic blood pressure appears to only affect measurements through an afterload-induced alteration of ejection fraction and thus cardiac output. However, further clinical studies will be needed to confirm the importance of the findings of this study. In vivo, significant changes of afterload by drug intervention or exercise can alter left ventricular ejection fraction and transvalvular flow rate. It has indeed been shown that the cautious use of antihypertensive drugs in AS patients can increase cardiac output and consequently pressure gradients.7,16 The present data, however, imply that as soon as ejection fraction, flow velocity, pressure gradient, and estimated valve area are all incorporated in the assessment of AS, corruption of AS severity due to changes of systemic blood pressure is very unlikely.
Study limitations
Our in vitro model attempts to approximate the in vivo situation. However, it has stiff walls and rigid boundaries. It cannot entirely be excluded that complex interactions with reflected waves, differences in static and dynamic components, and compliance might exert a hitherto unknown effect.
Some of the used stenoses are a simplification of the complex three-dimensional structure of a stenotic valve.
Although glycerine–water solutions are Newtonian fluids, the addition of cornstarch causes non-Newtonian effects. However, due to the low concentration of cornstarch these effects should be minimal.
Despite theses limitations the model allows a focused assessment of haemodynamic changes caused by isolated variations of systemic pressure or heart rate or flow rate, which is impossible in vivo.
The results of the present in vitro study suggest that blood pressure does not directly influence invasive or non-invasive pressure gradient and valve area estimates in AS independently of secondary flow changes. Therefore, variation of estimated valve area and pressure gradient with changing blood pressure, when observed in vivo, are most likely due to afterload-dependent changes in flow rate. Thus, changes in blood pressure should not bias the assessment of AS severity as long as valve area, pressure gradient, and flow are taken into consideration.
Conflict of interest: none declared.
- Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: email@example.com


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PhD Environmental Health Sciences Concentration
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The PhD program in Public Health Sciences prepares professionals for research, teaching, and service with the overall objective of improving the health of populations. To meet this objective, all students in the program pursue excellence in conducting research and disseminating knowledge. The primary focus is on research that advances knowledge and facilitates discovery regarding etiology, interventions, and policies that promote health at the individual, population, societal, and/or global levels. The concentration of environmental health sciences will prepare students to research, teach and apply knowledge on the interrelationships between the environment and human health and the regional, national and global significance. Students will be equipped to apply their research skills and knowledge to recognized, evaluate and prevent exposures that may adversely impact human health and environmental quality, whether in the natural or human-made environment.
Upon completion of the PhD in Public Health Sciences degree with a concentration in Environmental Health Sciences, the student will have demonstrated proficiency in the following competencies:
Identify environmental agents and their sources, and discuss and describe the implications of sources, transport mechanisms;
Apply risk assessment and management strategies to environmental and occupational hazards;
Employ the paradigms of environmental and occupational health (nature and sources of hazards; exposure, risk assessment and outcomes measures; susceptibility, culture, behavior and disparities) to assess and design studies of environmental and occupational health implications.
The PhD program requires a minimum of 90 semester credit hours (SCH) post-baccalaureate degree and is offered on a full time or part-time basis. Any graduate credits post-baccalaureate, including master's degree courses may be applied to coursework outlined within the PhD degree plan. A student may apply up to 42 SCH of previously taken graduate level courses toward the completion of the PhD coursework (Advanced Standing). All such courses are subject to approval.
PhD Core Competencies (see below)
2016-2017 Curriculum Course Descriptions
PhD Core Courses: 33 SCH
BACH 5300 Theoretical Foundations of Individuals & Community Health
BIOS 5300 Principles of Biostatistics
EOHS 5300 Environmental Determinants of Health
EPID 5300 Principles of Epidemiology
HMAP 5300 Introduction to Health Management & Policy
BIOS 5310 Intermediate Biostatistics
BIOS 6300 Advanced Methods in Biostatistics
HMAP 6360 Ethical Issues in Public Health
PHED 6118 Methods for Public Health Studies II
PHED 6220 Scientific and Grant Writing
PHED 6321 Pedagogy in Public Health
PHED 6314 Methods for Public Health Studies I
Concentration Required Courses: 21 SCH
BIOS 6314 Categorical Data Analysis
EOHS 5331 Environmental & Occupational Sampling Analysis Methods
EOHS 5350 Environmental & Occupational Toxicology
EOHS 6300 Environmental Determinants of Health II
EOHS 6340 Human Health Risk Analysis and Exposure Assessment
EOHS 6391 Advanced Topics in Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
EPID 5310 Intermediate Epidemiology
Elective Courses: 24 SCH
No more than 15 SCH at the 5000 level.
Advisor approval is required for all elective courses.
Culminating Experience: 12 SCH
EOHS 6000 PhD Comprehensive Examination
EOHS 6395 Doctoral Dissertation (12 SCH)
PhD Professional and Academic Development
PhD CORE COMPETENCIES
Upon completion of the PhD in Public Health core courses, the student will have demonstrated proficiency in the following competencies:
Research Theories: synthesize historical, contemporary, and emerging theories and paradigms of significance to public health.
Critical Analysis: Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of existing research evidence and identify significant gaps in knowledge.
Research Methodology: Comprehend, design and apply relevant and advanced research methods based on rigorous standards of evidence.
Scientific Communications: Develop professional skills in scientific and grant writing, oral communication, and teaching.
Ethics: Uphold the highest ethical standards in all professional endeavors, including the design and implementation of research and the participation of human subjects.
Discovery and Translational Theory: Conduct investigative research, including areas that facilitate the translation and application of discovery to practice.
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Rejecting 'analysis by checklist' and 'skill absolutism' since Dec '09
Rejecting 'selection deontology' since Mar '15
'Stats' is not a synonym for 'Career Test Averages'
Originally Posted by Jeffrey Tucker
Yeah, he should never have opened an innings - he could never build up any momentum in an innings batting in ODI's. Though he continues to play well for CD, there are much more attractive options for a middle order role one feels
ODI XI to beat the best
To answer your question, yes
Chris Harrris: 10 overs, 31 runs. Nothing ever changes.
Was Corey dropped from the WIzards, or injured? If he was left out by decision then that's ridiculous.
I reckon, we don't want to follow India's lead and start picking players who haven't reached the mark at domestic level because it is not beneficial to anyone. It also sends a crap message to other players consistently performing at domestic level - by seemingly disregarding the entire domestic structure. I was happy with how they managed Southee by letting him play a few games for ND(not to mention bagging a few wickets) and resisting the temptation after his amazing under-19 WC, and letting him in a sense earn his place in the national side.
Craig Cumming 9.2 - 1 - 17 - 1
Fascist Dictator of the Heath Davis Appreciation Society
Supporting Petone's Finest since the very start - Iain O'Brien
Also Supporting the All Time #1 Batsman of All Time Ever - Jacques Kallis and the much maligned Peter Siddle.
Vimes tells it how it is:
Anaru Kitchen, does anyone know anything else about this guy? Two 50+ scores to open his season and I can't even find the guys age.
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