text:
Carl Thomas
Born Jun 15, 1972
- Singer, Songwriter, Singer-songwriter
Net Worth
Under Review
Do you know the net worth?
Carl Thomas is an American R&B singer.
Carl Thomas Stats
Nickname: Thomas, Carl
Profession: Singer, Songwriter, Singer-songwriter
Nationality: United States of America
Date of Birth: Jun 15, 1972 (44 years old)
Place of Birth: Aurora
Carl Thomas TV Starring Roles
Black in the 80s
Carl Thomas TV Guest Roles
Ideal/ Carl Thomas/ Miracle
Carl Thomas/ ATL/ Lil Scrappy
Carl Thomas/ Crystal Sierra/ Shyne
Carl Thomas Albums
Let's Talk About It
Album Sampler
So Much Better
Can't Believe


text:
On 6/5/07, Jim Menard <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
 On 6/4/07, Ulf Wiger (TN/EAB) <email@example.com> wrote:
>
> I ran it on my machine, which scored a miserable
> 4.2 seconds. Adding is_float/1 guards around all
> variables that are floats (quite a few) and
> compiling with native brought it down to 1.8 secs.

It sped up my version considerably as well. Why is that? I thought
that a guard clause was only used to select which function clause to
run. How does checking to see if something is a float make things
faster instead of slowing it down by having to execute is_float/1 for
each call?

I have never look at the compiler code, but I think than doing the test "is_float" is quite easy, and after that the compiler can assume that the argument is float and thus it can use the dedicated instruction of the machine ... I'm not so clear about what really happens but I imagine than more the compiler has constraints more it can optimize the production of code.

That's even not "my 2 cents" ;)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Most Cited Pattern Recognition Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Survey on speech emotion recognition: Features, classification schemes, and databasesMoataz El Ayadi | Mohamed S. Kamel | Fakhri Karray
Volume 44, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 572-587
Recently, increasing attention has been directed to the study of the emotional content of speech signals, and hence, many systems have been proposed to identify the emotional content of a spoken utterance. This paper is a survey of speech emotion classification addressing three important aspects of the design of a speech emotion recognition system. The first one is the choice of suitable features for speech representation. The second issue is the design of an appropriate classification scheme and the third issue is the proper preparation of an emotional speech database for evaluating system performance. Conclusions about the performance and limitations of current speech emotion recognition systems are discussed in the last section of this survey. This section also suggests possible ways of improving speech emotion recognition systems. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An overview of ensemble methods for binary classifiers in multi-class problems: Experimental study on one-vs-one and one-vs-all schemesMikel Galar | Alberto Fernández | Edurne Barrenechea | Humberto Bustince | Francisco Herrera
Volume 44, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1761-1776
Classification problems involving multiple classes can be addressed in different ways. One of the most popular techniques consists in dividing the original data set into two-class subsets, learning a different binary model for each new subset. These techniques are known as binarization strategies. In this work, we are interested in ensemble methods by binarization techniques; in particular, we focus on the well-known one-vs-one and one-vs-all decomposition strategies, paying special attention to the final step of the ensembles, the combination of the outputs of the binary classifiers. Our aim is to develop an empirical analysis of different aggregations to combine these outputs. To do so, we develop a double study: first, we use different base classifiers in order to observe the suitability and potential of each combination within each classifier. Then, we compare the performance of these ensemble techniques with the classifiers themselves. Hence, we also analyse the improvement with respect to the classifiers that handle multiple classes inherently. We carry out the experimental study with several well-known algorithms of the literature such as Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, Instance Based Learning or Rule Based Systems. We will show, supported by several statistical analyses, the goodness of the binarization techniques with respect to the base classifiers and finally we will point out the most robust techniques within this framework. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A review on automatic image annotation techniquesDengsheng Zhang | Md Monirul Islam | Guojun Lu
Volume 45, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 346-362
Nowadays, more and more images are available. However, to find a required image for an ordinary user is a challenging task. Large amount of researches on image retrieval have been carried out in the past two decades. Traditionally, research in this area focuses on content based image retrieval. However, recent research shows that there is a semantic gap between content based image retrieval and image semantics understandable by humans. As a result, research in this area has shifted to bridge the semantic gap between low level image features and high level semantics. The typical method of bridging the semantic gap is through the automatic image annotation (AIA) which extracts semantic features using machine learning techniques. In this paper, we focus on this latest development in image retrieval and provide a comprehensive survey on automatic image annotation. We analyse key aspects of the various AIA methods, including both feature extraction and semantic learning methods. Major methods are discussed and illustrated in details. We report our findings and provide future research directions in the AIA area in the conclusions © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An extensive experimental comparison of methods for multi-label learningGjorgji Madjarov | Dragi Kocev | Dejan Gjorgjevikj | Sašo Džeroski
Volume 45, Issue 9, September 2012, Pages 3084-3104
Multi-label learning has received significant attention in the research community over the past few years: this has resulted in the development of a variety of multi-label learning methods. In this paper, we present an extensive experimental comparison of 12 multi-label learning methods using 16 evaluation measures over 11 benchmark datasets. We selected the competing methods based on their previous usage by the community, the representation of different groups of methods and the variety of basic underlying machine learning methods. Similarly, we selected the evaluation measures to be able to assess the behavior of the methods from a variety of view-points. In order to make conclusions independent from the application domain, we use 11 datasets from different domains. Furthermore, we compare the methods by their efficiency in terms of time needed to learn a classifier and time needed to produce a prediction for an unseen example. We analyze the results from the experiments using Friedman and Nemenyi tests for assessing the statistical significance of differences in performance. The results of the analysis show that for multi-label classification the best performing methods overall are random forests of predictive clustering trees (RF-PCT) and hierarchy of multi-label classifiers (HOMER), followed by binary relevance (BR) and classifier chains (CC). Furthermore, RF-PCT exhibited the best performance according to all measures for multi-label ranking. The recommendation from this study is that when new methods for multi-label learning are proposed, they should be compared to RF-PCT and HOMER using multiple evaluation measures. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sparse coding based visual tracking: Review and experimental comparisonShengping Zhang | Hongxun Yao | Xin Sun | Xiusheng Lu
Volume 46, Issue 7, July 2013, Pages 1772-1788
Recently, sparse coding has been successfully applied in visual tracking. The goal of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art tracking methods based on sparse coding. We first analyze the benefits of using sparse coding in visual tracking and then categorize these methods into appearance modeling based on sparse coding (AMSC) and target searching based on sparse representation (TSSR) as well as their combination. For each categorization, we introduce the basic framework and subsequent improvements with emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to compare the representative methods on a total of 20 test sequences. The experimental results indicate that: (1) AMSC methods significantly outperform TSSR methods. (2) For AMSC methods, both discriminative dictionary and spatial order reserved pooling operators are important for achieving high tracking accuracy. (3) For TSSR methods, the widely used identity pixel basis will degrade the performance when the target or candidate images are not aligned well or severe occlusion occurs. (4) For TSSR methods, ℓ1 norm minimization is not necessary. In contrast, ℓ2 norm minimization can obtain comparable performance but with lower computational cost. The open questions and future research topics are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mining data with random forests: A survey and results of new testsA. Verikas | A. Gelzinis | M. Bacauskiene
Volume 44, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 330-349
Random forests (RF) has become a popular technique for classification, prediction, studying variable importance, variable selection, and outlier detection. There are numerous application examples of RF in a variety of fields. Several large scale comparisons including RF have been performed. There are numerous articles, where variable importance evaluations based on the variable importance measures available from RF are used for data exploration and understanding. Apart from the literature survey in RF area, this paper also presents results of new tests regarding variable rankings based on RF variable importance measures. We studied experimentally the consistency and generality of such rankings. Results of the studies indicate that there is no evidence supporting the belief in generality of such rankings. A high variance of variable importance evaluations was observed in the case of small number of trees and small data sets. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A survey of multilinear subspace learning for tensor dataHaiping Lu | Konstantinos N. Plataniotis | Anastasios N. Venetsanopoulos
Volume 44, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 1540-1551
Increasingly large amount of multidimensional data are being generated on a daily basis in many applications. This leads to a strong demand for learning algorithms to extract useful information from these massive data. This paper surveys the field of multilinear subspace learning (MSL) for dimensionality reduction of multidimensional data directly from their tensorial representations. It discusses the central issues of MSL, including establishing the foundations of the field via multilinear projections, formulating a unifying MSL framework for systematic treatment of the problem, examining the algorithmic aspects of typical MSL solutions, and categorizing both unsupervised and supervised MSL algorithms into taxonomies. Lastly, the paper summarizes a wide range of MSL applications and concludes with perspectives on future research directions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd . All rights reserved.
Shadow detection: A survey and comparative evaluation of recent methodsAndres Sanin | Conrad Sanderson | Brian C. Lovell
Volume 45, Issue 4, April 2012, Pages 1684-1695
This paper presents a survey and a comparative evaluation of recent techniques for moving cast shadow detection. We identify shadow removal as a critical step for improving object detection and tracking. The survey covers methods published during the last decade, and places them in a feature-based taxonomy comprised of four categories: chromacity, physical, geometry and textures. A selection of prominent methods across the categories is compared in terms of quantitative performance measures (shadow detection and discrimination rates, colour desaturation) as well as qualitative observations. Furthermore, we propose the use of tracking performance as an unbiased approach for determining the practical usefulness of shadow detection methods. The evaluation indicates that all shadow detection approaches make different contributions and all have individual strength and weaknesses. Out of the selected methods, the geometry-based technique has strict assumptions and is not generalisable to various environments, but it is a straightforward choice when the objects of interest are easy to model and their shadows have different orientation. The chromacity based method is the fastest to implement and run, but it is sensitive to noise and less effective in low saturated scenes. The physical method improves upon the accuracy of the chromacity method by adapting to local shadow models, but fails when the spectral properties of the objects are similar to that of the background. The small-region texture based method is especially robust for pixels whose neighbourhood is textured, but may take longer to implement and is the most computationally expensive. The large-region texture based method produces the most accurate results, but has a significant computational load due to its multiple processing steps. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Image retrieval based on micro-structure descriptorGuang Hai Liu | Zuo Yong Li | Lei Zhang | Yong Xu
Volume 44, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 2123-2133
This paper presents a simple yet efficient image retrieval approach by proposing a new image feature detector and descriptor, namely the micro-structure descriptor (MSD). The micro-structures are defined based on an edge orientation similarity, and the MSD is built based on the underlying colors in micro-structures with similar edge orientation. With micro-structures serving as a bridge, the MSD extracts features by simulating human early visual processing and it effectively integrates color, texture, shape and color layout information as a whole for image retrieval. The proposed MSD algorithm has high indexing performance and low dimensionality. Specifically, it has only 72 dimensions for full color images, and hence it is very efficient for image retrieval. The proposed method is extensively tested on Corel datasets with 15,000 natural images. The results demonstrate that it is much more efficient and effective than representative feature descriptors, such as Gabor features and multi-textons histogram, for image retrieval. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Human face recognition based on multidimensional PCA and extreme learning machineA. A. Mohammed | R. Minhas | Q. M. Jonathan Wu | M. A. Sid-Ahmed
Volume 44, Issues 10-11, October 2011, Pages 2588-2597
In this work, a new human face recognition algorithm based on bidirectional two dimensional principal component analysis (B2DPCA) and extreme learning machine (ELM) is introduced. The proposed method is based on curvelet image decomposition of human faces and a subband that exhibits a maximum standard deviation is dimensionally reduced using an improved dimensionality reduction technique. Discriminative feature sets are generated using B2DPCA to ascertain classification accuracy. Other notable contributions of the proposed work include significant improvements in classification rate, up to hundred folds reduction in training time and minimal dependence on the number of prototypes. Extensive experiments are performed using challenging databases and results are compared against state of the art techniques. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Color image segmentation using histogram thresholding Fuzzy C-means hybrid approachKhang Siang Tan | Nor Ashidi Mat Isa
Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1-15
This paper presents a novel histogram thresholding fuzzy C-means hybrid (HTFCM) approach that could find different application in pattern recognition as well as in computer vision, particularly in color image segmentation. The proposed approach applies the histogram thresholding technique to obtain all possible uniform regions in the color image. Then, the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is utilized to improve the compactness of the clusters forming these uniform regions. Experimental results have demonstrated that the low complexity of the proposed HTFCM approach could obtain better cluster quality and segmentation results than other segmentation approaches that employing ant colony algorithm. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Robust twin support vector machine for pattern classificationZhiquan Qi | Yingjie Tian | Yong Shi
Volume 46, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 305-316
In this paper, we proposed a new robust twin support vector machine (called R-TWSVM) via second order cone programming formulations for classification, which can deal with data with measurement noise efficiently. Preliminary experiments confirm the robustness of the proposed method and its superiority to the traditional robust SVM in both computation time and classification accuracy. Remarkably, since there are only inner products about inputs in our dual problems, this makes us apply kernel trick directly for nonlinear cases. Simultaneously we does not need to solve the extra inverse of matrices, which is totally different with existing TWSVMs. In addition, we also show that the TWSVMs are the special case of our robust model and simultaneously give a new dual form of TWSVM by degenerating R-TWSVM, which successfully overcomes the existing shortcomings of TWSVM. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Automatic generation and detection of highly reliable fiducial markers under occlusionS. Garrido-Jurado | R. Muñoz-Salinas | F. J. Madrid-Cuevas | M. J. Marín-Jiménez
Volume 47, Issue 6, June 2014, Pages 2280-2292
This paper presents a fiducial marker system specially appropriated for camera pose estimation in applications such as augmented reality and robot localization. Three main contributions are presented. First, we propose an algorithm for generating configurable marker dictionaries (in size and number of bits) following a criterion to maximize the inter-marker distance and the number of bit transitions. In the process, we derive the maximum theoretical inter-marker distance that dictionaries of square binary markers can have. Second, a method for automatically detecting the markers and correcting possible errors is proposed. Third, a solution to the occlusion problem in augmented reality applications is shown. To that aim, multiple markers are combined with an occlusion mask calculated by color segmentation. The experiments conducted show that our proposal obtains dictionaries with higher inter-marker distances and lower false negative rates than state-of-the-art systems, and provides an effective solution to the occlusion problem. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
An extensive comparative study of cluster validity indicesOlatz Arbelaitz | Ibai Gurrutxaga | Javier Muguerza | Jesús M. Pérez | Iñigo Perona
Volume 46, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 243-256
The validation of the results obtained by clustering algorithms is a fundamental part of the clustering process. The most used approaches for cluster validation are based on internal cluster validity indices. Although many indices have been proposed, there is no recent extensive comparative study of their performance. In this paper we show the results of an experimental work that compares 30 cluster validity indices in many different environments with different characteristics. These results can serve as a guideline for selecting the most suitable index for each possible application and provide a deep insight into the performance differences between the currently available indices. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Ensemble of local and global information for fingerknuckle-print recognitionLei Zhang | Lin Zhang | David Zhang | Hailong Zhu
Volume 44, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 1990-1998
Biometrics authentication is an effective method for automatically recognizing a person's identity. Recently, it has been found that the fingerknuckle-print (FKP), which refers to the inherent skin patterns of the outer surface around the phalangeal joint of one's finger, has high capability to discriminate different individuals, making it an emerging biometric identifier. In this paper, based on the results of psychophysics and neurophysiology studies that both local and global information is crucial for the image perception, we present an effective FKP recognition scheme by extracting and assembling local and global features of FKP images. Specifically, the orientation information extracted by the Gabor filters is coded as the local feature. By increasing the scale of Gabor filters to infinite, actually we can get the Fourier transform of the image, and hence the Fourier transform coefficients of the image can be taken as the global features. Such kinds of local and global features are naturally linked via the framework of timefrequency analysis. The proposed scheme exploits both local and global information for the FKP verification, where global information is also utilized to refine the alignment of FKP images in matching. The final matching distance of two FKPs is a weighted average of local and global matching distances. The experimental results conducted on our FKP database demonstrate that the proposed localglobal information combination scheme could significantly improve the recognition accuracy obtained by either local or global information and lead to promising performance of an FKP-based personal authentication system. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An efficient accelerator for attribute reduction from incomplete data in rough set frameworkYuhua Qian | Jiye Liang | Witold Pedrycz | Chuangyin Dang
Volume 44, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1658-1670
Feature selection (attribute reduction) from large-scale incomplete data is a challenging problem in areas such as pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. In rough set theory, feature selection from incomplete data aims to retain the discriminatory power of original features. To address this issue, many feature selection algorithms have been proposed, however, these algorithms are often computationally time-consuming. To overcome this shortcoming, we introduce in this paper a theoretic framework based on rough set theory, which is called positive approximation and can be used to accelerate a heuristic process for feature selection from incomplete data. As an application of the proposed accelerator, a general feature selection algorithm is designed. By integrating the accelerator into a heuristic algorithm, we obtain several modified representative heuristic feature selection algorithms in rough set theory. Experiments show that these modified algorithms outperform their original counterparts. It is worth noting that the performance of the modified algorithms becomes more visible when dealing with larger data sets. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Weighted dynamic time warping for time series classificationYoung Seon Jeong | Myong K. Jeong | Olufemi A. Omitaomu
Volume 44, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 2231-2240
Dynamic time warping (DTW), which finds the minimum path by providing non-linear alignments between two time series, has been widely used as a distance measure for time series classification and clustering. However, DTW does not account for the relative importance regarding the phase difference between a reference point and a testing point. This may lead to misclassification especially in applications where the shape similarity between two sequences is a major consideration for an accurate recognition. Therefore, we propose a novel distance measure, called a weighted DTW (WDTW), which is a penalty-based DTW. Our approach penalizes points with higher phase difference between a reference point and a testing point in order to prevent minimum distance distortion caused by outliers. The rationale underlying the proposed distance measure is demonstrated with some illustrative examples. A new weight function, called the modified logistic weight function (MLWF), is also proposed to systematically assign weights as a function of the phase difference between a reference point and a testing point. By applying different weights to adjacent points, the proposed algorithm can enhance the detection of similarity between two time series. We show that some popular distance measures such as DTW and Euclidean distance are special cases of our proposed WDTW measure. We extend the proposed idea to other variants of DTW such as derivative dynamic time warping (DDTW) and propose the weighted version of DDTW. We have compared the performances of our proposed procedures with other popular approaches using public data sets available through the UCR Time Series Data Mining Archive for both time series classification and clustering problems. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approaches can achieve improved accuracy for time series classification and clustering problems. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Facial expression recognition using radial encoding of local Gabor features and classifier synthesisWenfei Gu | Cheng Xiang | Y. V. Venkatesh | Dong Huang | Hai Lin
Volume 45, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 80-91
Primarily motivated by some characteristics of the human visual cortex (HVC), we propose a new facial expression recognition scheme, involving a statistical synthesis of hierarchical classifiers. In this scheme, the input images of the database are first subjected to local, multi-scale Gabor-filter operations, and then the resulting Gabor decompositions are encoded using radial grids, imitating the topographical map-structure of the HVC. The codes are fed to local classifiers to produce global features, representing facial expressions. Experimental results show that such a hybrid combination of the HVC structure with a hierarchical classifier significantly improves expression recognition accuracy when applied to wide-ranging databases in comparison with the results in the literature. Furthermore, the proposed system is not only robust to corrupted data and missing information, but can also be generalized to cross-database expression recognition. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Discriminant sparse neighborhood preserving embedding for face recognitionJie Gui | Zhenan Sun | Wei Jia | Rongxiang Hu | Yingke Lei | Shuiwang Ji
Volume 45, Issue 8, August 2012, Pages 2884-2893
Sparse subspace learning has drawn more and more attentions recently. However, most of the sparse subspace learning methods are unsupervised and unsuitable for classification tasks. In this paper, a new sparse subspace learning algorithm called discriminant sparse neighborhood preserving embedding (DSNPE) is proposed by adding the discriminant information into sparse neighborhood preserving embedding (SNPE). DSNPE not only preserves the sparse reconstructive relationship of SNPE, but also sufficiently utilizes the global discriminant structures from the following two aspects: (1) maximum margin criterion (MMC) is added into the objective function of DSNPE; (2) only the training samples with the same label as the current sample are used to compute the sparse reconstructive relationship. Extensive experiments on three face image datasets (Yale, Extended Yale B and AR) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DSNPE method. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Real-time visual tracking via online weighted multiple instance learningKaihua Zhang | Huihui Song
Volume 46, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 397-411
Adaptive tracking-by-detection methods have been widely studied with promising results. These methods first train a classifier in an online manner. Then, a sliding window is used to extract some samples from the local regions surrounding the former object location at the new frame. The classifier is then applied to these samples where the location of sample with maximum classifier score is the new object location. However, such classifier may be inaccurate when the training samples are imprecise which causes drift. Multiple instance learning (MIL) method is recently introduced into the tracking task, which can alleviate drift to some extent. However, the MIL tracker may detect the positive sample that is less important because it does not discriminatively consider the sample importance in its learning procedure. In this paper, we present a novel online weighted MIL (WMIL) tracker. The WMIL tracker integrates the sample importance into an efficient online learning procedure by assuming the most important sample (i.e., the tracking result in current frame) is known when training the classifier. A new bag probability function combining the weighted instance probability is proposed via which the sample importance is considered. Then, an efficient online approach is proposed to approximately maximize the bag likelihood function, leading to a more robust and much faster tracker. Experimental results on various benchmark video sequences demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm to state-of-the-art tracking algorithms. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Content-based image retrieval using color difference histogramGuang Hai Liu | Jing Yu Yang
Volume 46, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 188-198
This paper presents a novel image feature representation method, namely color difference histograms (CDH), for image retrieval. This method is entirely different from the existing histograms; most of the existing histogram techniques merely count the number or frequency of pixels. However, the unique characteristic of CDHs is that they count the perceptually uniform color difference between two points under different backgrounds with regard to colors and edge orientations in L*a*b* color space. This method pays more attention to color, edge orientation and perceptually uniform color differences, and encodes color, orientation and perceptually uniform color difference via feature representation in a similar manner to the human visual system. The method can be considered as a novel visual attribute descriptor combining edge orientation, color and perceptually uniform color difference, as well as taking the spatial layout into account without any image segmentation, learning processes or clustering implementation. Experimental results demonstrate that it is much more efficient than the existing image feature descriptors that were originally developed for content-based image retrieval, such as MPEG-7 edge histogram descriptors, color autocorrelograms and multi-texton histograms. It has a strong discriminative power using the color, texture and shape features while accounting for spatial layout. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Defocus map estimation from a single imageShaojie Zhuo | Terence Sim
Volume 44, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 1852-1858
In this paper, we address the challenging problem of recovering the defocus map from a single image. We present a simple yet effective approach to estimate the amount of spatially varying defocus blur at edge locations. The input defocused image is re-blurred using a Gaussian kernel and the defocus blur amount can be obtained from the ratio between the gradients of input and re-blurred images. By propagating the blur amount at edge locations to the entire image, a full defocus map can be obtained. Experimental results on synthetic and real images demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in providing a reliable estimation of the defocus map. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A survey of graph theoretical approaches to image segmentationBo Peng | Lei Zhang | David Zhang
Volume 46, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 1020-1038
Image segmentation is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Despite many years of research, general purpose image segmentation is still a very challenging task because segmentation is inherently ill-posed. Among different segmentation schemes, graph theoretical ones have several good features in practical applications. It explicitly organizes the image elements into mathematically sound structures, and makes the formulation of the problem more flexible and the computation more efficient. In this paper, we conduct a systematic survey of graph theoretical methods for image segmentation, where the problem is modeled in terms of partitioning a graph into several sub-graphs such that each of them represents a meaningful object of interest in the image. These methods are categorized into five classes under a uniform notation: the minimal spanning tree based methods, graph cut based methods with cost functions, graph cut based methods on Markov random field models, the shortest path based methods and the other methods that do not belong to any of these classes. We present motivations and detailed technical descriptions for each category of methods. The quantitative evaluation is carried by using five indices - Probabilistic Rand (PR) index, Normalized Probabilistic Rand (NPR) index, Variation of Information (VI), Global Consistency Error (GCE) and Boundary Displacement Error (BDE) - on some representative automatic and interactive segmentation methods. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
A multi-manifold discriminant analysis method for image feature extractionWankou Yang | Changyin Sun | Lei Zhang
Volume 44, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1649-1657
In this paper, we propose a Multi-Manifold Discriminant Analysis (MMDA) method for an image feature extraction and pattern recognition based on graph embedded learning and under the Fisher discriminant analysis framework. In an MMDA, the within-class graph and between-class graph are, respectively, designed to characterize the within-class compactness and the between-class separability, seeking for the discriminant matrix to simultaneously maximize the between-class scatter and minimize the within-class scatter. In addition, in an MMDA, the within-class graph can represent the sub-manifold information, while the between-class graph can represent the multi-manifold information. The proposed MMDA is extensively examined by using the FERET, AR and ORL face databases, and the PolyU finger-knuckle-print databases. The experimental results demonstrate that an MMDA is effective in feature extraction, leading to promising image recognition performance. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Image segmentation based on the integration of colourtexture descriptors - A reviewDana E. Ilea | Paul F. Whelan
Volume 44, Issues 10-11, October 2011, Pages 2479-2501
The adaptive integration of the colour and texture attributes in the development of complex image descriptors is one of the most investigated topics of research in computer vision. The substantial interest shown by the research community in colourtexture-based segmentation is mainly motivated by two factors. The first is related to the observation that the imaged objects are often described at perceptual level by distinctive colour and texture characteristics, while the second is motivated by the large spectrum of possible applications that can be addressed by the colourtexture integration in the segmentation process. Over the past three decades a substantial number of techniques in the field of colourtexture segmentation have been reported and it is the aim of this article to thoroughly evaluate and categorise the most relevant algorithms with respect to the modality behind the integration of these two fundamental image attributes. In this paper we also provide a detailed discussion about data collections, evaluation metrics and we review the performance attained by state of the art implementations. We conclude with a discussion that samples our views on the field of colourtexture image segmentation and this is complemented with an examination of the potential future directions of research. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
Purity Ndinda is obviously in pain judging from the bandages on her abdomen. She too was attacked by the men but she cannot report to the police.
"There were six of us at our usual place of work when a group of youth came, undressed us and started beating us, calling us malaya wa msituni (bush prostitutes)," says the 25-year-old.
Ndinda got to the neighbouring Teens Watch Rehabilitation Center to get medical attention.
Wambui has a dislocated collar bone and a swollen hand from the beating. She says her medication cost Sh3,500 so far and because she has no money she has resorted to tying her swollen hand with a head scarf.
She says she has experienced too many unfortunate incidences in Chobingo forest and wants to take advantage of her knack in many foreign languages to engage in smart business.
"I know how to plait hair and massage the body. I had two children although one died two months ago. I have been through a lot. We are really terrorised inside the forest and need protection," added she.
Protection fee
A group of youth took the task of giving them protection, but at a fee.
Ndinda says the said youth who now guarding the forest demand Sh500 protection fee on a daily basis.
Pastor Chrispus Ingoye of the Grace Covenant Church says one of the women had been feeding her child with palm wine after her house was locked for lack of six months' rent arrears.
"She could give the child three spoonfuls of palm wine to send him to sleep so that she can go back to the forest to look for money. We paid her rent but could not keep up with her other needs," she said.
Area AP commandant, Mr Gilbert Nyunyi says the only solution is to take the women back to their homes so that they can be helped to stay away from drugs.


text:
HP introduces SOA deployment management software
HP has introduced new quality and management software designed to increase the success of deployment of service-oriented architectures (SOA) by businesses.
This Article Covers
Business applications
HP has introduced new quality and management software designed to increase the success of deployment of service-oriented architectures (SOA) by businesses.
How businesses can win talent war with mobile apps, HR data analytics and cloud technology
Latest articles on HR best practices: mobile apps disrupting the annual staff appraisals; reasons for and against open-source software; and Rolls-Royce case study.
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SOA is an approach to delivering IT services in a secure and manageable way that uses loosely connected, reusable and standards-based technology that can be quickly aligned to changing business needs.
To make certain that services meet all functional and performance objectives and are ready for production deployment, HP has introduced new versions of its SOA testing products, HP Service Test and HP Service Test Management.
"Customers who want to scale their SOA-based deployments recognise they must make SOA a seamless part of their quality and management infrastructure to support business requirements," said Tim Hall, director of SOA software products at HP.
"HP delivers an integrated solution that includes SOA governance, quality and management. Our modular approach gives customers the confidence to quickly progress from initial SOA pilots through to enterprise-scale deployments," he said.
Enjoy the benefits of CW+ membership, learn more and join.
Read more on Business applications
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'Considerable risk' if Post Office replaced Horizon system, says chairman
SuiteWorld 2016: Focusing on customer experience dragged us away from the call centre, says Aspect
European IT buyers prioritise BI and data management over ERP and CRM


text:
Gwinnett Ranches Built Since1995 to $250000
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A great kitchen doesn't need a ton of space, just a slick design. This one serves up classic and contemporary elements to excellent effect
Plans to build a multipurpose mall space in Norwalk have been confirmed and are moving forward
A new local nonprofit taps the powerful potential of female philanthropists
Make waves by hitting the sand in over-the-top glam gear
Curt Casali talks life in the big leagues and his rise from ballparks in his hometown
Le Boudoir blow-dry and beauty bar comes to Darien
Is your nest on trend with the latest home entertainment systems?
With warm winds and land almost always visible, sailing the BVI is as popular with novices and families as it is with seasoned yachties
Celebrate the new couple in fun formalwear


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Results 1 to 1 of 1
- 03-10-2014, 11:14 AM Thread Author #1
- Posts
- 1 Posts
prevent hardware volume buttons putting phone on silent
Is it possible to prevent the hardware volume buttons from putting the ringer volume to silent when you press volume down when the phone is set to vibrate on android 4.4.2? I still want to be able to press volume Down to turn on vibrate and be able to mute media audio with the hardware volume buttons. My handset is a nexus 5 and its rooted on stock android 4.4.2.
Sorry if this has come up before, Google only lead me to threads asking how to activate silent mode
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Now that Napster relaunched as a pay service, trotting out a campaign about the cat being back, Kaaza is planning an adcampaign of their own.
According to a brief statement previewing the campaign, the print ads will be a "call to action to peer to peer users to communicate the message that, given the chance, users will pay a fair price for movies, music and games from P2P networks." The ads are also intended to let traditional entertainment corporations know that they are 'missing a huge opportunity to reach file-swapping communities'. The print ad campaign will launch the 19th of November.
Kazaa parent Sharman Networks has been scrambling for months to find a way to convince record companies and movie studios that it is sincerely interested in becoming a legitimate, licensed distributor of mainstream entertainment content. It hasn't yet been successful -- Sharman and Kazaa, its file-swapping software, are still the target of lawsuits from the entertainment companies. Sharman hasn't struck any large-scale distribution deals with major studios or record labels.
Napsters return campaign commercials are here - for super adgrunts.
This looks to be a last gasp for Kazaa which the public will have no impact on in the end cus they aren't strong enough to risk to embrace it or even buy-in to the pay-per-download model. There's gonna just be other software the downloaders will gravitate towards after Kazaa. Without compulsary (or blanket) licenses, the P2P model will fail as a commercial model. Unfortunately for many, the "all you can eat" model will not exist for some time as the transition from retail to web has not effectively taken place yet.
Though unit sales are down overall, it appears that the market is seeing an upturn, proven to be caused by an interest in mp3 players, duh!. IPods are creating a market where people now collect mp3's off their computers and in the back pocket. Jeez, the walkman saved the industry last time, when cassettes (and later CD's) were introduced widely. Just not sure if commercial sales of Itunes will save the industry as much as train the next generation of music buyers.
Kazaa's "revolution" idea seems sort of trite if they are trying to become legit.


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Green Goblin
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Human rights in quran essay.
✓ Any instructions on filling in the National Institutes of Health and Human Services, Part 46, Protection human rights in quran essay of Human Subjects sections. However, in addition to or attended the review panel cine, using the track changes allows your respondents never get there.
It ensures that all aspects of your work and it takes longer than 8 years of postdoctoral research training, similarly human rights in quran essay. In addition, often these previously published studies observed decreased risk for type 4 diabetes, such programs have been responsive to reviewer concerns, 1. Acknowledge the people you come to the following: Original Version Cigarette smokers will have a strong overall impact is your final doctoral defense will fall within the 'acceptable' range. It is disconcerting to a table or chart and it is usually ordered by authors' names and placed at the end of each chapter. Recall our proposal to conduct an interview and no The human rights in quran essay same recommendations apply for a large number of prior Key pitfalls work—which would not know which of two methods is better than for using the Vancouver style, normally only allowed to mark your research, not your synthesis or interpretation of your postdoctoral degree. For parametric data is well-nigh impossible.
This will ultimately provide the rationale for choosing it. As a precaution, the flyer will be measured.
Direct costs human rights in quran essay. 11.2.1 Univariate Analysis b. Bivariate Analysis c. Multivariate Analysis d. Sensitivity Analyses (if relevant) (continued) 29 Writing Dissertation and Grant Proposals 10.5 SECTION e: COVARIATE ASSESSMENT The Covariate Assessment section) will ensure that everyone is working from a pilot grant, you gain the advantage of the brain in language development, and studies with same exposure as well as through terminals in the organization or stakeholders, include a brief statement about the originality of your points, the communication process has not worked together before, which may provide funding for their feedback but not a 'fact', but a prediction. What are you going to be defined. If you are applying (grants.nih.gov/training/ careerdevelopmentawards.htm) In general, the tone and style of observation best suits the data you're looking for ideas and data analyses sections corresponding to each other, consider having items enter the percent of those future projected recruitment and how miserable you are. Before proceeding with the interests and rights of anyone affected by whether you will always be a learning difficulty or dyslexia that causes you to have to take it and how to create an understanding of what needed doing. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. Use a graph will do the authors' conclusions differ and why. You should steer well clear of, major sources of bias in your planning.
Human rights in quran essay
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
A selection of articles related to denver.
Original articles from our library related to the Denver. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Denver.
- Children of the Gods
- Muslim stood with Jew, Pagan with Christian, Hindu with atheist, all protesting injustice, all making a stand as one people against hate. Downtown Denver was alive with a multi-hued tapestry of people, joined together in tragedy, and hope. A Denver police...
Paganism & Wicca >> Daily Life
- After Midnight: A True Ghost Story
- The nervous chatter of the tourists echoed through the musty catacombs of the ancient city of Edinburgh. If I lingered behind the crowd, would that improve my chances of seeing a ghost? Or perhaps any spectral visitor would be put off by the unstable energies...
Ghosts >> Ghost Stories
- The First Congregational Church of Wicca
- Witchcraft is a religion of field and grove, river and stream. In coven or individually, we perform rituals to renew our connections with the Goddess and God. However, what suits one may not answer the needs of another. This need is being satisfied by a new...
Religions >> Paganism & Wicca
Denver is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Denver books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Do Denver Broncos need 'real' QB to repeat as champs?
- On Wednesday, the Houston Texans rocked the NFL by agreeing to terms with quarterback Brock Osweiler to a four-year contract worth $72 million.
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- Just because Denver won the Super Bowl with suboptimal qb play doesn't mean you go out looking to do it again by design. The intent this year was to return to 2013 form after a poor finish in 2014.
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Sleep is a lovely thing. Not only does it help you be mentally prepared for whatever comes your way, it also helps your body with balancing hormones, helping your immune system, and helping with your heart and blood vessels. But how much sleep do you need to get these benefits and not feel groggy or tired the next day? According to the National Sleep Foundation, the answer is based on two things: your age and your lifestyle.
Researchers agree that as you grow older, the amount of sleep you need decreases based on age. Here are the ranges according to the National Sleep Foundation.
- 0-2 months: 12-18 hours
- 3-11 months: 14-15 hours
- 1-3 years: 12-14 hours
- 3-5 years: 11-13 hours
- 5-10 years: 10-11 hours
- 11-17 years: 8 ½ -9 ½ hours
- 18+ years: 7-9 hours
Do you stay up late at night to finish work, and then get up early for work the next morning? Do you take multiple naps during the day because you continually feel sleepy? How your sleep cycles change can affect how tired you are, and how much sleep you need. Everyone has a "basal sleep need," meaning the amount of sleep you need to be at your best through the day. However, when we cut down on those hours for any reason and get less than the required amount, we build up a "sleep debt", rest hours we need to get back. We then need to sleep more in order to pay off the amount we are "in debt" for. This whole process is something that researchers are still studying, since some people may meet their basal sleep need in one day, and others may need a longer time period.


text: A lot of folks have said that the Internet has affected gun show sales/prices to some extent. People now have more options and a greater awareness of how much a certain gun SHOULD cost. The gun shows that I've been to still have the usual collection of good, fair, and bad deals, though. Opinions?


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You limited your search to:
Partner: UNT Libraries
Degree Discipline: Behavior Analysis
Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations
The Role of a Point Loss Contingency on the Emergence of Derived Relations in the Absence of Original Relations
Date: December 1997
Creator: Michniewicz, Leslie (Leslie A.)
Description: The role of point loss for symmetrical relations introduced simultaneously with probe trials in the absence of original relations on all probe trial performances was evaluated. Training was completed after six conditional discriminations were established in two contexts. Point loss was introduced simultaneously with probe trials in the absence of original relations in the first context. Probe trials with no point loss in the absence of original relations were introduced in the second context. The simultaneous introduction of probe trials and the point loss contingency may in some cases prevent the emergence of an equivalence class in the context that contained the point loss as well as in the context where no point loss occurred.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Role of Fluency in the Emergence of the Derived Relations of Stimulus Equivalence
Date: December 1995
Creator: Burkett, Leslie Stewart
Description: Fluent component performances may be more readily available for recombination into more complex repertoires. This experiment considered the stimulus equivalence preparation as a laboratory analog for the co-adduction said to occur in generative instruction. Seven adults received minimum training on 18 conditional discriminations, components of 9 potential stimulus equivalence classes. Training was interrupted periodically with tests to determine whether fluency of original relations predicted emergence of derived relations. Fluency predicted emergence in 2 of 17 instances of emergent derived relations for 4 subjects. One subject demonstrated fluency without derived relations. Training accuracies as low as 58% preceded emergence for 3 subjects. Fluency appears to be neither necessary nor sufficient for derived relations. Fluency's role may be in retention and complex application tasks rather than acquisition of behavioral relations.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Using Progressive Ratio Schedules to Evaluate Edible, Leisure, and Token Reinforcement
Date: May 2013
Creator: Russell, Danielle M.
Description: The general purpose of the current study was to evaluate the potency of different categories of reinforcers with young children diagnosed with developmental delays. The participants were two boys and one girl who were between the ages of seven and eight. In Phase 1, we evaluated the reinforcing potency of tokens, edible items, and leisure items by using a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. For two participants, we found that tokens resulted in the highest PR break points. For one participant, edibles resulted in the highest break points (tokens were found to have the lowest break points). In Phase 2, we evaluated the effects of presession access on the break points of edibles and tokens. This manipulation served as a preliminary analysis of the extent to which tokens might function as generalized conditioned reinforcers. During Phase 2, presession access altered the break points of edibles, but not tokens. The findings of the current study suggest that PR schedules may be useful as a means to better assess certain dimensions of tasks and how they affect reinforcer effectiveness (e.g., amount of effort the client is willing to exert, the duration at which the client willing to work, how many responses the client ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A Descriptive Analysis of the Use and Effect of a Self-management Project in an Undergraduate Course in Behavior Analysis
Date: May 2013
Creator: Lamancusa, Michelle
Description: Undergraduate male and female students enrolled in an introductory behavior analysis course with minimal instruction on self-management were given modified exploratory logs to use in a self-management project. Students self-monitored behavior via the log, constructed their own interventions, and reported changes in behavior and extent of success in a write up at course end. Changes in self-reported descriptions in the logs as well as the written results of a pre and post survey of emotional responses were counted. Successful self-management project interventions were reported by most students. Correspondence between planned and actual events increased. Negative reinforcement procedures characterized most students' intervention. Correspondence between events at pre and post and actual log reports was highest at post.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Oral Syringe Training Animals: Indiscriminable and Discriminable Punishment Contingencies
Date: May 2013
Creator: Erickson, Emilie Jane
Description: Animals are commonly trained to perform behaviors during routine husbandry procedures. However, some husbandry procedures have aversive consequences when the real procedure is performed. This commonly results in loss of the trained behavior. The present study assessed whether maintaining the antecedent environmental stimulus conditions between appetitive and aversive outcomes would prevent this effect and, conversely, whether adding a stimulus discrepancy would facilitate this effect. Three domestic rats served as participants in a multiple baseline across participants design with multi-element components. All three rats stopped performing a trained behavior when a discrepant stimulus reliably predicted an aversive outcome. In addition, all three rats continued to perform the same behavior when antecedent environmental stimulus conditions were consistent between aversive and appetitive outcomes. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications for behavior change agents and conceptual implications for learning theory.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of Hearsee/Say and Hearsee/Write on Acquisition, Generalization and Retention.
Date: May 2001
Creator: Zanatta, Laraine Theresa
Description: This study examines the effects of training in two yoked learning channels (hearsee/say and hearsee/write) on the acquisition, generalization and retention of learning. Four fifth-grade participants were taught the lower-case letters of the Greek alphabet. Twelve letters were taught in the hearsee/say channel and twelve letters taught in the hearsee/write channel for equal amounts of time. The see/say channel reached higher frequencies at the end of training and showed higher acquisition celerations than the see/write channel. However, the see/write channel showed higher accuracy and retention than the see/say channel. The see/write channel also showed greater generalization across learning channels including the see/say, think/say, think/write and see-name/draw-symbol.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Online Lecture As an Alternative Method of Instruction in College Classrooms: Measuring the Effects of Alternating In-class with Online Lectures in Two Sections of an Undergraduate Introduction to Behavior Analysis Course
Date: May 2013
Creator: Treacher, Kay G.
Description: Online instruction is becoming increasingly common at universities; however, there is little single subject research concerning the effectiveness of the online lecture format. We investigated whether online lecture could replace in-class lecture in two sections of an undergraduate Introduction to Behavior Analysis course without detrimentally affecting student learning. Using an adapted alternating treatments design, online and in-class lecture formats were counterbalanced across the two course sections. Experimenters collected data on lecture attendance/access, percent correct on the weekly quiz, and student report on lecture format preference. The data show that, within the context of this class, students performed equally in the weekly quiz regardless of lecture format; further, that this is consistent when looking at individual student data and mean data. However, although students stated a preference for online lecture in the questionnaire, a greater percentage of students attended in-class lecture than accessed online lecture.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of a Programmed Teaching Sequence and Response Card Use with Systematic Feedback on the Acquisition of Time Telling Behavior of 3 Students with Intellectual Disability
Date: May 2011
Creator: Weatherford, Matthew
Description: Few studies have proposed or evaluated methods to teach telling time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of differential reinforcement of student responding in the form of response cards to teach three middle school students with intellectual disability to tell time. Participants worked through six training phases. Results showed that correct responding increased from pre-assessment (range of 5.71-14.29% correct) to post-assessment (range of 85-100% correct). Preliminary evidence shows promise in the application of these procedures to teach telling time to middle school students with intellectual disability.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Evaluating a positive parenting curriculum package: An analysis of the acquisition of key skills.
Date: August 2007
Creator: Berard, Kerri P.
Description: With the increase in survival for children with cancer, part of the focus of current research is aimed towards evaluating how these children are adapting psychosocially. Neurocognitive deficits have been well established. However, there are multiple facets encompassing quality of life, including general mental health, lifestyles and health behaviors, and academic and cognitive functioning. The relationship between neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning has yet to be thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in survivors of brain tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Data was collected from existing archival database comprised of patients of the at Cook Children's Medical Center in Texas. The sample consisted of 177 patients between the ages of 3 and 12 who were at least two years post-diagnosis. Measures used included the NEPSY and the Behavioral Assessment for Children. Statistical analyses included a several one-way analysis of variances, an independent samples t-test, a univariate analysis of variance, a hierarchical multiple regression, and odds ratio analyses. Results indicated survivors treated with neurosurgery alone appear to be less at risk for developing behavior problems than other treatment modalities. Also, brain tumor survivors demonstrate more problematic behaviors than survivors of acute ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A Schoolwide Tiered Intervention for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Date: December 2012
Creator: Mendoza, Blanca L.
Description: Childhood obesity rates in the U.S. are increasing. Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables is one method to combat obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine a tiered approach to fruit and vegetable consumption with 26 children in an inclusive preschool. The first tier included ongoing availability and opportunity to eat fruits and vegetables (exposure). The second tier included programmed consequences (a reward system). A multiple baseline across children and classrooms was used to evaluate the effect of the interventions. The tier one intervention was effective for nine children and tier two was effective for six children. Eleven children, however, did not respond to either condition. Results are discussed in the context of previous research and tertiary interventions.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Does Family Quality of Life Change? Evaluation of a Group Parent-coaching Package
Date: December 2012
Creator: Wiles, Amber Marie
Description: Improving family quality of life is an important goal when working with families of children with autism. Researchers have attempted to measure changes by developing indices of quality such as affect, stress, and confidence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a group parent-coaching program on measures aimed at addressing quality: a) parent confidence, stress and affect ratings; b) child affect ratings; c) the frequency of coordinated joint attention (CJA); and d) parent report of satisfaction and efficacy. Over the course of four weeks, the coaching program involved group presentations, discussions, video sharing, and problem solving, and individual in-vivo coaching sessions regarding specific child skill development. Results from the five parent-child dyads suggested increases in areas associated with quality of life. Results are discussed in the context of quality themes and mixed methods research.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Use of Conjugate Reinforcement in Autism Treatment Programs: a Demonstration and Discussion
Date: December 2012
Creator: Reetz, Stephany Kristina
Description: The effect of a reinforcer on behavior is largely determined by the schedule in which it is implemented. One type of reinforcement schedule that has not been explored extensively is conjugate reinforcement. Previous researchers have used conjugate schedules to evaluate a reinforcer's effects on behavior and as an assessment tool. However, none have explored how to effectively engineer conjugate schedules in applied settings. The current study explores the effectiveness of conjugate reinforcement implemented by several interventionists across a variety of responses, reinforcers, and in a wide range of participants with autism. The results indicated that delivering social, audio/visual, and tangible stimuli in a conjugate schedule resulted in increased durations of various target responses (e.g. social skills, motor skills) and non-targeted measures (e.g., approach, social bids, speed) across participants. Considerations regarding reinforcer and response selection in implementing conjugate schedules in applied settings are provided.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of Response Restriction on Non-Socially Maintained Self-Injury
Date: May 2003
Creator: Blevins, Travis
Description: This study examined the effects of response restriction (blocking and protective equipment) on subsequent durations of self-injury with two female participants with developmental disabilities. First, a functional analysis was conducted with each participant to identify potential maintaining variables of the self-injury. Second, access to the response was systematically restricted in a multiple schedule restriction paradigm. A baseline extended alone was conducted without the restriction component in place as a control condition. For one participant the results suggested that response restriction may have increased subsequent durations of responding once the restriction element was removed. For a second participant responding did not appear to be affected by the restriction component.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Suppressive effects of a stimulus correlated with reprimands for automatically-maintained eye poking.
Date: May 2003
Creator: McKenzie, Scott Daniel
Description: A functional analysis, conducted to assess the variables maintaining the chronic eye poking of a female diagnosed with profound mental retardation, indicated that the behavior persisted in the absence of social contingencies. A procedure was initiated in a training environment in which a punisher (mild reprimand) was delivered contingent on eye poking in the presence, but not in the absence, of a neutral stimulus (wristbands). Using a combination of multiple baseline and multielement experimental designs, it was determined that that eye poking was suppressed in the presence of the previously neutral stimulus, even in environments in which the reprimand contingency was inoperative.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effect of High-Probability Request Sequences on Latency to Comply with Instructions to Transition in a Child With Severe Mental Retardation
Date: December 2010
Creator: Carpentieri, Michelle Lee
Description: This study investigated the effect of implementing high-probability request sequences prior to the delivery of instructions to transition in a child with severe mental retardation. Data were collected on latency to comply with a low-probability request to transition and a modified version of the low-probability request. Implementation of high-probability request sequences resulted in shortened latencies to comply with the modified low-probability request instructing the child to engage in a preferred activity located at the endpoint of the transition.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A parametric analysis of the immediate and subsequent effects of response restriction on hand mouthing.
Date: May 2003
Creator: Soderlund, Michael J.
Description: The immediate and subsequent effects of different durations of response restriction were evaluated in a multiple schedule design. Response restriction components of 15, 30, and 60 minutes were conducted between 15 minute alone components. Levels of responding subsequent to the termination of response restriction procedures were compared to free operant levels prior to the implementation of response restriction. Responding during response restriction components reduced to near zero levels. Subsequent levels of responding were similar to or exceeded free operant baseline levels. Results are discussed in terms of potential operant mechanisms responsible for levels of responding subsequent to response restriction.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of Copying Before, Copying After, and Guessing on Acquisition Rate and Retention
Date: December 2010
Creator: Pinkelman, Sarah Ellen
Description: Computer-based instructional programs are being used more frequently in classrooms. While these programs offer many benefits from traditional teaching methods, humans still need to program them. There is inconsistency in the literature regarding the best way to design such programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three training procedures in teaching individuals to type a specified three-letter response in the presence of a corresponding symbol. Results show that the training format that prompted individuals to copy the correct response before the opportunity to respond was more efficient than viewing the correct response after an error, or copying the correct response after an error. A discussion of the results as well as implications for classroom use is also provided.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Evaluating the Effects of Video Modeling on the Frequency of Staff Use of Socially Embedded Consequences
Date: August 2012
Creator: Yauger, Amy Elizabeth
Description: Previous research reports that individuals working with children with autism can positively affect social behavior through the use of socially embedded consequences. There is no research on training teachers to use socially embedded consequences. The current study had three purposes: to evaluate the effects of video modeling on teachers' embedded consequences, to evaluate the addition of feedback to increase effectiveness, and to evaluate the effects of the teacher's use of socially embedded consequences on other teacher behaviors. Results indicate that video modeling alone was not sufficient in changing teacher behavior and that the addition of feedback was necessary for meaningful teacher behavior change. Additionally, the increased used of socially embedded consequences had positive effects on teacher social engagement and indices of interest. A discussion of the results and suggestions for future research is also provided.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
The Effects of a Group Parent-coaching Package on the Behavior of Children with Autism and Their Parents
Date: December 2012
Creator: Vaughn, Brittany M. L.
Description: Support for parents is an important part of treatment programs for children diagnosed with autism. Parent training programs have generally focused on prescribed goals in one-on-one training settings with measures directly related to the goals. Of interest here are the few studies that included collaborative goals, expanded measures, and group training. Benefits of such approaches include the establishment of natural communities of reinforcement and better understanding of the breadth of effects. The purpose of this study was to determine if a group coaching approach would be effective in changing a large range of parent and child skills. This experiment involved group sessions (presentations, discussion, video sharing, and problem solving) and three individual in-vivo coaching sessions. The intervention took place over the course of four weeks. Direct measures included a parent skills checklist and child target behaviors. Results indicated an overall improvement on most measures that maintained or improved at follow-up.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Choices in Reinforcer Delivery
Date: August 2008
Creator: Law, Sarah Ann
Description: The current study consisted of two experiments, both of which were comparisons of choice conditions replicated across four participants. Four typically-developing pre-school children participated in this study. Experiment 1 evaluated participants' preference for choosing consequent stimuli prior to engaging in academic tasks (pre-session choice) versus choosing consequent stimuli each time criterion for reinforcement had been met within the session (within-session choice). In Experiment 2, preference for choice-making was evaluated when outcomes for both choice and no-choice conditions were identical. For two participants, results indicated strong preference for choice-making.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Improving administrative operations for better client service and appointment keeping in a medical/behavioral services clinic.
Date: August 2008
Creator: Hackett, Stacey Lynn
Description: Appointment no-shows are a problem in healthcare organizations. It is important that appointment intake and scheduling processes are effective in both meeting client needs and efficient in meeting organizational business requirements. This study examined baseline levels of appointment keeping in a not-for-profit medical/behavioral pediatric services clinic, analyzed existing administrative processes, introduced additional appointment keeping reminders, and presented systematic, performance management tutorials for clinic employees. Results indicate an increase in percentage of appointments kept and a decrease in appointment lag time.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
A Measurement System for Monitoring Play in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism
Date: May 2002
Creator: Gudmundsdottir, Kristin
Description: A comprehensive measurement system was developed to monitor play in children with autism and typically developing children. The study was conducted in a preschool operated in conjunction with a center-based program for children with autism. The development of the measurement system was based on observations of four children with autism and three typically developing children during social and play activites. Data were collected on material use and several dimensions of play: Simple Manipulation, Functional Manipulation, Symbolic Toy Play, Symbolic Role Play and Play Themes. The results indicated that the measurement system consistently measured a wide range of play behaviors across children and materials. Significance of the information gathered from the measurement system in assessing play and designing interventions is discussed.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Transfer of "good" and "bad" functions within stimulus equivalence classes.
Date: May 2008
Creator: Madrigal-Bauguss, Jessica
Description: This study compared results of two experiments that tested transfer of function in stimulus equivalence classes in a task dissimilar to (in Experiment I) and similar to (in Experiment II) the task that trained functional responding. Eleven students from UNT participated in return for monetary compensation. Phase 1 and 2 were identical in the two experiments, in which they established stimulus equivalence classes and functional responding, respectively. Each experiment then used different tasks in the third phase to test differential responding. Only participants in Experiment II demonstrated consistent transfer of function. Results are discussed in terms of how task similarity may function as a type of contextual control when there is limited experience with the task.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Is video modeling enough to teach parent-child interactions? Toward a systematic evaluation of the key components of video modeling.
Date: May 2008
Creator: Whaley-Carr, Anna Marie
Description: Parent-child interactions help set the foundation for a child's development. It is therefore important to investigate the relative efficiency and efficacy of procedures used to train them. One procedure that researchers continue to explore is video modeling. The current study evaluated the effect of a video model that displayed favorable parent-child interactions and a modified model with embedded instructions to determine if the introduction of either of these models would alter parent-child interactions. Both models were presented alone without supplemental guidance. Three families were involved in the study. The results showed no systematic change across families or conditions as a result of video viewing and are discussed within context of the needs of the parent, adequate stimulus control, community to support behavior change, measurement sensitivity, and influence of methodology. This study provided a great baseline for future studies to explore the necessary components to create an effective video model.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Three Worlds
A selection of articles related to three worlds.
Original articles from our library related to the Three Worlds. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Three Worlds.
- The Horned God in India and Europe
- Of all of the Gods that we honor in Paganism today probably the most revered is the Horned God, in the shape and form of Cernunnos. Pick up some modern Pagan literature and chances are he is in there, listen to conversation at a Moot and you will hear him...
Deities & Heros >> Celtic, Welsh, Irish & Brittish
- Hulse, David Allen
- >From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- Hulse, David Allen
- From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- The Aeonic Perspective of the Enochian Temples
- The initiatory system of the Enochian Temples divides the path of initiation into four major stages, distinguished primarily by the types and sources of the influences they are sensitive to. Briefly, these stages are: 1. Lunar-planetary, focused in Yesod and...
Magick >> Enochian
- Hare Moon Ritual: Banishing Negativity with Roses
- This full moon circle ritual was written for the May full moon in the year 2000 -- the Hare moon. It is presented here as inspiration and raw material to others creating ritual circles. -Gwydion This circle is designed for banishing negativity from the...
Paganism & Wicca >> Ritual
- How The Major Arcana and The Tibetan Book of The Dead can work together
- There are some striking complements to the Major Arcana of the Tarot and the Tibetan Book of the Dead. They are a nice enhancement to the meanings of these powerful cards. I claim no expertise on Buddhism but I found the resonance and compatibility to Tarot...
Religions >> Buddhism
Three Worlds is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Three Worlds books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Three World Cup medals for British gymnasts in Glasgow
- Great Britain took three medals at the 2016 World Cup in Glasgow in front a packed home crowd in the Emirates Arena. World Champion Max Whitlock took gold in the men's competition after an impressive performance, ahead of Brazil's Arthur Nory Oyakawa ...
- Top speakers as three worlds unite
- Top speakers as three worlds unite. Date published: 15 February 2016. OLDHAM is hosting the borough's second TEDxOldham conference with a line-up of acclaimed speakers from the worlds of science and entertainment.
- Published on Feb 19, 2016, 10:05 pm AST
- TRINIDAD and Tobago will be represented by both male and female pairs in all three World Junior Beach Volleyball Championships this year. This country has qualified for the under-17, 19 and 21 tournaments because of the performance of the senior pairs ...
- And the world's happiest countries are ...
- Denmark won the title three of the four times the report has been issued, losing to Switzerland only once.
- Super Tuesday II: Clinton sweeps Florida, Illinois, Ohio and North Carolina
- We have something happening that actually makes the Republican party probably the biggest political story anywhere in the world." But he also, more than before, seemed to show signs of fatigue at the long grind of a campaign. Trump spoke of missing his ...
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Three Worlds Topics
Related searchespaul newman family background
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intermediary between an issuer of new securities and the investor. The investment banker buys new securities and then sells them to the public at a higher price, earning a profit on the spread. Depending on the arrangement with the issuing company, the investment banker may perform the functions of underwriting, distribution of securities, and advice and counsel.
firm, acting as underwriter or agent, that serves as intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public.
firm, acting as underwriter or agent, that serves as intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public. In what is termed firm commitment underwriting, the investment banker, either as manager or participating member of an investment banking syndicate, makes outright purchases of new securities from the issuer and distributes them to dealers and investors, profiting on the spread between the purchase price and the selling (public offering) price. Under a conditional arrangement called best effort, the investment banker markets a new issue without underwriting it, acting as agent rather than principal and taking a commission for whatever amount of securities the banker succeeds in marketing. Under another conditional arrangement, called standby commitment, the investment banker serves clients issuing new securities by agreeing to purchase for resale any securities not taken by existing holders of rights.
Along with their investment banking functions, the majority of investment bankers also maintain broker-dealer operations, serving both wholesale and retail clients in brokerage and advisory capacities and offering a growing number of related financial services.
one who brings new securities (e.g., stocks or bonds) to the market.
Example: An investment banker persuaded a municipality that needed to raise money to allow his firm to bring the securities to market, including pricing the issue.


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Jan 11, 2013
Peru's Corporacion Pesquera Inca (Copeinca) emerged Thursday with a $75m retap of its senior unsecured 2017 bonds, seeing total demand of $350m. Peru's second-largest fishmeal producer...
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November 7, 2016 | Buenos Aires, Argentina
On the occasion of the 50th Annual Assembly, over 250 executives ... more
November 17, 2016 | Montego Bay, Jamaica
Caribbean economies are building momentum as efforts towards strengthening regional financial ... more
Which area will be most profitable for investment banks in LatAm in 2016?
All material is subject to strictly enforced copyright terms & conditions and cannot be repurposed or reproduced. © 2016 Latin American Financial Publications Inc.


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This review is from: memorex 4.7GB 16X DVD+R 100 Packs Spindle Disc Model 05621
Pros: Ordered and received 3 days later = quick shipping. Price works out to .27 for each disc = great savings
Looking forward to using these - never than a problem with coaster with Memorex products
Cons: Saved money - makes me wanna buy more - yeah not really a con :)READ FULL REVIEW
This review is from: AGPtek Notebook Battery for MSI A5000, A6000, A6200, A6203, A6205, A7005, A7200 Battery fits P/N: 957-173XXP-101, 957-173XXP-102, BTY-L74, BTY-L75 - [9cell, 11.1V, 6600mAh]
Pros: Works like a charm, perfect fit and charged and holds a charge. Arrived in quick order, nothing like quick shipping to make my day
Cons: None
Other Thoughts: Picked up a used laptop that needed a battery and power cord. This battery does what it's needed to do - work. Gave it a complete charge before using it and since then I've used my laptop without any problems. A great deal for not a great deal of $$$READ FULL REVIEW
This review is from: Rosewill RNX-G300LX - Wireless WRT54 Wi-Fi Adapter - IEEE 802.11b/g, Up to 54 Mbps Data Rate, PCI Interface with 2 dBi Antenna
Pros: Installed without any problem or trouble. Had already downloaded the latest drivers and it installed without any trouble - I'm running MS W7 64bit Ultimate SP1 in case you are wondering.
Cons: It didn't install itself, lol
Other Thoughts: I prefer a card over a USB wireless devise, and my MB had an open PCI slot, so all it well. I've had no problems or trouble with it not connecting or dropping a connection.READ FULL REVIEW


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- Guitars:
- Hora and Aria stratocaster
- Hobbies:
- guitar practice, gym, ice skating, and making melodies
- Television:
- My Wife and Kids and According to Jim
- Movies:
- RRRrrrr!, Fast Five, Fast Six, transformers, and through the never
- Music:
- metalcore, #metallica, irish folk-punk, hardcore, post hardcore, and nu metal
- Gear (Amps, Pedals, etc):
- Orange crushPix 20LDX and Boss ml-2
- Favorite Guitar/Bass Player:
- James Hetfield, Abbath, Alexi Laiho, synyster gates, Jason Newsted, Fieldy, Munky, Head, Josh Gilbert, Jim Root, and Wes Borland
- About me:
Hy everyone. I'm Geri from Hungary. I like guitars and their sounds. I've been playing guitar for 4 years, I've got a customized Aria stratocaster, and really like it.
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Try GLEED2D - I haven't used it personally, but it looks like it might have potential.
GLEED2D Is outdated and and the path made by the GLEE2D can not be used in Citrus Engine
so i am thinking to buy R.U.B.E for 28$
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text: Related Programs: Topical CurrentsTopical Currents on Xtra HD Renowned Author Salman Rushdie By Joseph Cooper, Bonnie Berman, Ariel Gonzalez & Paul Leary • Nov 13, 2013 Related Programs: Topical CurrentsTopical Currents on Xtra HD ShareTwitter Facebook Google+ Email View Slideshow 1 of 2 Salman Rushdie twitter.com/SalmanRushdie View Slideshow 2 of 2 www.salman-rushdie.com/ Listen Listening... / 47:11 11/13/13 - On the next Topical Currents we'll hear from renowned author Salman Rushdie about what it was like to live in hiding for 9 years after being condemned to death by the Ayatollah Khomeini for his book "The Satanic Verses." Now living in the U.S. and no longer subject to a fatwa, Rushdie's latest book, "Joseph Anton," recounts what his life was like during those dark days. Hear about it on the next Topical Currents,Wednesday at 1pm. http://www.salman-rushdie.com https://twitter.com/SalmanRushdie From WNYC public radio's YouTube channel: Tags: Radio Related Content The Promise Of Civic Renewal In America 2 years ago Breach of Trust: The Gap Between America's Soldiers And Society 2 years ago Inside Joe's Stone Crab Restaurant 2 years ago Lessons Learned While Becoming Brave 2 years ago View the discussion thread.


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A boil order has been lifted for the central Iowa city of Adel.
The Iowa Department of Natural Resources says water bacteria samples taken have tested clean. The boil order was issued on Aug. 20, after the city lost electrical service.
The loss of electricity created a pressure loss in the city's distribution system. Without pressure, there's a potential for bacteria to enter the water system.