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Topic of the week: You don't have to put on the red light (cameras)
Red light cameras are supposed to improve safety, but in 2013 their use actually went down. Are they on the wane? Our contributors give their insight.
Modesto, California has found that cameras may not be worth the trouble. They don't monitor all the lanes at an intersection, most of the revenue goes to the vendor that operates the system, and the fines are shockingly high. And studies, including one of local Virginia jurisdictions, conclude the red light camera effect on safety is ambiguous. Should we fix the problems with cameras, or focus our efforts elsewhere?
Dan Malouff: Many people don't like cameras because they intrude on our collective sense of entitlement to break traffic laws with impunity. But that entitlement should be intruded upon. Yes, governments should of course strive to get cameras right and deploy them fairly, but laws should be enforced. If it turns out that enforcing these laws is somehow unsafe (a claim I'm skeptical of), then the law should change, not the tactic of enforcing it.
Canaan Merchant: Data I'd seen before had convinced me of a red light camera's effectiveness. This and other studies I've seen recently have cast some of that into doubt. Still, I think the problems that people have with automated traffic enforcement mainly stem from poor management in developing the systems, usually by just selecting a vendor without a clear oversight process, and problems that people have with due process once a ticket is issued.
The former should absolutely be an area of concern while the latter may just be indicative of problems that have always existed but ignored because an individual's likelihood of getting a ticket was lower. If both of those issues are handled competently then I think camera enforcement will generally be a net-positive for a given intersection.
Still the best way to tackle the problem would be to make red lights more irrelevant. That means focusing on solutions that move people without requiring the use of a car.
Neil Flanagan: Traffic cameras, whether they're at red lights or to control speeding, should always be a second choice. Better design of the roadway should always be the priority. Narrower lanes, neck-downs, medians, and shorter distances between intersections can discourage speeding and remind drivers that they're approaching an intersection. Marking the pavement where a driver should brake if they see yellow might also help.
The goal should be to make intersections safe for all users, not uphold the law strictly. Starting from there, you can see another problem. Left out of this article, too, were non-motorists. Cars are engineered to protect drivers. The street is the only protection a pedestrian has.
That said, I'll echo the sense of entitlement to the right-of-way. The top comments on the article are a slew of excuses for traffic violations, like this one by "Biceps:"
Perfect example: a co-worker of mine got a photo of herself from an RLC in the mail - it was *classic*. It was a perfect pic of her driving through the intersection, looking way to her left, mouth wide agape, with a cellphone right up against her head. She didn't even remember running the light. It was a [expletive] awesome photo."It wasn't her fault, he explains: she wasn't trying to speed through the light, she just wasn't paying attention! The engineer of the recent Metro-North accident was not given the same benefit of the doubt for spacing out, even though railroads are still safer per passenger-mile.
Adam Froehlig: I have always seen red light cameras as a local jurisdiction's attempt to replace traffic enforcement with a revenue generation tool. This is especially apparent in DC, where the revenues the cameras generate is well publicized and leads to much of the public angst against the program. A well-designed program puts this revenue back into safety programs and street improvements, but DC simply adds it to its general fund.
The safety record of red light cameras is a bit mixed. While they do help prevent the more serious right-angle crashes that often result in injuries and the occasional fatality, they can actually increase the overall crash rate due to rear-end crashes caused by the lead driver slamming on their brakes to avoid the red (and the camera ticket) and the driver behind them not stopping in time to avoid the rear-end crash.
Another item to consider: due to legal reasons, the red light camera can only fine the owner of the vehicle, it cannot target the operator. While the vehicle owner is usually the operator, this is not always a case. Compare this with a law enforcement official pulling over a vehicle and issuing the driver a ticket, where the driver (if unsuccessful in their "defense") will not only have to pay a fine, but will also lose points on their license.
While it helps reduce crash severity, it's at best a mediocre replacement for an actual law enforcement official doing traffic enforcement.
Ben Ross: Surely the reason for rear end crashes at red light cameras is that the driver in the first car doesn't expect the camera and then stops suddenly, and the driver in the second car also doesn't expect the camera and is therefore unprepared for the first driver's sudden maneuver. With more cameras these problems would vanish. It's like with cyclists, there's safety in numbers.
Abigail Zenner: Although I wish that red light and speed cameras were not needed, sadly drivers' impatience has a tendency to cause very dangerous situations. We also see that law enforcement either cannot be everywhere all the time or cannot always pull over the driver who runs a red light. Drivers also complain that red light cameras catch legal right turns at some intersections, although I have often wondered if the driver came to a complete stop prior to the right turn.
I would love to see some more awareness campaigns on driver attentiveness and explain to drivers why we have the laws we do. Many times, impatient behavior by drivers actually slows traffic down and creates more hazard.
I am fascinated by some experiments, like the one in Texas that rewards drivers for good driving behavior with cash or prizes. Cameras could also provide these rewards. The winner of the VW Fun Theory contest had this idea to enroll good drivers in a lottery when caught driving at or below the speed limit. Maybe we can come up with more carrots and more education to balance out the stick of a ticket.
Jim Titus: Do you remember what it was like before the red-light cameras?
We had trains on tires. Drivers regularly ran red lights as long as they were within 30 feet of the rear end of another car going through the intersection. Drivers with a green light often had to edge their way into these trains of red-light runners. Most drivers in the District of Columbia stop at red lights now.
Maybe today, some tailgating distracted drivers rear-end cars that stop at yellow lights. But in those days, people who stopped at newly red lights faced the same fate.
2. Rear end crashes effect other motorists. Running reds effects other motorists, pedestrians, and cyclists. It may well be that red light cameras are more justified at locations with large numbers of pedestrians and cyclists
3. I remember, when learning to drive, that one should drive slowly enough for any given traffic conditions, that one COULD stop if the driver ahead stopped suddenly. The rear end crashes indicate excessive speed
4. And by the way, the rear end issue does not apply to speed cams. Which are almost illegal in Va. I would like to see that change
5. I would have no problem if all the fine money (over the operating costs) went to safety improvements.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 10:45 am • link • report
That's a strawman. Knocking down a strawman is not a good way to make your case.
This would be analogous to saying "most people like cameras because they create significant revenue for government that comes out of the pockets of drivers".
I'm not sure that Congressional dysfunction is caused by blocking the box :)
Except the debate about speed cameras often includes complaints about the speed limits being too low, a problem that apparently was less severe when the limits were the same, but were not enforced by cameras.
As for where the revenue goes, I would be quite supportive of all of FFX county camera revenue going to safety programs. As for DC, given how many suburban drivers use capacity on DC roads, and how rarely suburbanites pay gas tax in DC, AFAICT, I don't see it as unreasonable that DC grab some revenue that way. I mean its not like DC doesn't already spend a lot on safety improvements.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 11:09 am • link • report
Another item to consider: due to legal reasons, the red light camera can only fine the owner of the vehicle, it cannot target the operator. While the vehicle owner is usually the operator, this is not always a case. Compare this with a law enforcement official pulling over a vehicle and issuing the driver a ticket, where the driver (if unsuccessful in their "defense") will not only have to pay a fine, but will also lose points on their license.
While it helps reduce crash severity, it's at best a mediocre replacement for an actual law enforcement official doing traffic enforcement.
Clearly, but the idea that we're going to have cops stationed at intersections catching red light runners is ridiculous. There's not only the cost but the fact that officers doing nothing don't even enforce traffic currently.
That red light cameras are less good than some mythical perfect situation where we can have live officers enforcing constantly isn't really an argument for not having red light cameras.
Modesto's problem is that they signed a contract where their contractor gets to keep 90% of the revenue. If people think it's "unfair" that they got a ticket for blowing through a red to turn right then I'm not sure what the response is other than to say that you have ALWAYS had to stop on red before turning. This isn't some new phenomenon - getting caught is.
@Falls Church
That's a strawman. Knocking down a strawman is not a good way to make your case.
It's not a strawman - people in the article (and all over the place in these discussions) complain about being caught for things like right-on-red without stopping, which is illegal and always has been! So yes, people are pissed because things which previously went unenforced being enforced.
"A well-designed program puts this revenue back into safety programs and street improvements, but DC simply adds it to its general fund." No, cops should not get kickbacks. No, if the local "safety program" is run by the police department, the police department has no motivation to check the vender's cameras are accurate or run safe.
@Jim Titus; while I am not aruging that drivers are better behaved in the District than 15 years ago I doubt red ight cameras are the sole cause. I'm been the hundreds of stop lights across the country where people actually stop outside the presence of police or cameras. Amazing but true.
many local safety improvements are run by local DOT's so that neednt be an issue.
BTW, why would sudden slow downs cause accidents? Shouldn't you be leaving enough room (relative to your speed) so that you could stop suddenly if you had to? Why do so many people around here follow so closely relative to speed when driving?
If drivers want their needs accommodated, maybe they should begin driving safely.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 11:31 am • link • report
It's really a shame these devices have been given such a bad rep. They were abused as cash registers when they really had the chance to make a difference in pedestrian and traffic safety.
Otherwise in DC the cams are clearly a huge revenue source that takes the place of tolls.
Camera locations:
It's not a strawman - people in the article (and all over the place in these discussions) complain about being caught for things like right-on-red without stopping, which is illegal and always has been!
Except the debate about speed cameras often includes complaints about the speed limits being too low, a problem that apparently was less severe when the limits were the same, but were not enforced by cameras.
The above are real arguments. The strawman is saying that "we shouldn't have cameras because they intrude on our collective sense of entitlement".
Making the argument that speed limits are too low is not the same thing as arguing that one is entitled to break the law.
Making the argument that rolling right turns don't have the same risk of injury as blowing through a light, therefore shouldn't have the same priority in enforcement (which is the actual argument made in the article) also isn't the same thing as saying one is entitled to breaking the law. They didn't say no one should ever get a ticket for rolling right turns because they are entitled to break the law but rather right turns shouldn't be the emphasis of the camera program. Here's what the actual "complaint" was in the article:
A significant portion of the red light camerasmaybe 70 or 80 percentare for rolling right turns, Shah told Ars. When you think of RLC, they're for people blowing through the intersection, which don't have nearly the same kind of chance for accident or injury. A lot of people feel like it's really unfair, doing the things like the right turns.
Theres nothing wrong with using technology to improve traffic safety. What's wrong with RLC is that the emphasis became on revenue instead of traffic safety early on, and that led to decisions on business models and locations and how they set up fines, warnings, education. That left a bad taste in people's mouths, he added.
I'm not saying the complaint is valid nor am I saying that the argument that speed limits are too low is valid. I'm just saying they're a totally different argument than the strawman "people don't like cameras because they think they are entitled to break the law". If that's what you're hearing and responding to when discussing the issue with someone who disagrees with you, you're talking right past them.
Not if the person was complaining about them prior to the implementation of speed cameras. However the argument frquently comes up in the context of complaints about speed cameras with the strong implication that prior to the cameras, the limits were not enforced that strictly if at all, and that cameras, more than the limits, are the problem.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 11:54 am • link • report
I can see how its a waste of resources to focus enforcement on right turns (just as it would be to use police to stop cyclists from doing Idaho stops, say) but I don't see prioritization justifies the use of the term "unfairness" - that sounds much more like entitlement to me.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 11:56 am • link • report
If speed limits are too low but not enforced (or rarely enforced), why would someone complain about them? Speed limits being too low only becomes an issue when the speed limit is enforced.
There are hundreds of crazy laws on the books that never get enforced. No one ever complains about them because they're not enforced.
The unfairness is described in the next paragraph. The speaker is arguing the reason right turn cameras are prioritized are for reasons of maximizing revenue. If that's truly why they are being prioritized, that's unfair.
It should be borne in mind that ALLOWING right turns on red is itself a modification of prior traffic law, that they are not allowed in cities overseas with heavy pedestrian activity. That enforcement against ROLLING right turns on red is now seen as "unfair" speaks very loudly to an entitlement mindset. If drivers cannot realize that right on red without stopping is seriously illegal, maybe we should ban right on red entirely.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:01 pm • link • report
IE they feel entitled to break the law, because its "crazy". BTW, there is a huge difference between a speed limit thats a few miles per hour too low, and a "crazy" law.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:03 pm • link • report
Why? If you broke the law, and in this instance broke a law that we all agree should be enforced, then I do not see how the motive for prioritization is relevant. At least its not unfair to the driver ticketed for breaking the law. It may be unfair to the person who is harmed by the breaking of a DIFFERENT law ("its unfair they didnt target the driver who HIT me") but not to the driver ticketed.
Just because something is unfair, not all parties harmed by that thing have a case for unfairness.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:06 pm • link • report
I don't think that's why the article is saying the right turn cameras in question are unfair. It seems like they're saying it's unfair because they think the cameras are located to maximize revenue, not safety, and prioritizing right turns is what maximizes revenue. Also, the article isn't arguing that the concept of right turn cameras are unfair -- they're talking about these specific ones which seem to be located to maximize revenue, not safety.
"There are hundreds of crazy laws on the books that never get enforced. No one ever complains about them because they're not enforced."
IE they feel entitled to break the law, because its "crazy".
No, that's why they don't feel they need to complain about the law until it's enforced. The people saying the speed limits are too low are not arguing that they are entitled to break the law, they're arguing that the speed limit should be raised.
They didn't say it was unfair that someone who broke the law got a ticket. They said the prioritization of right turn violators over red light violators for reasons of maximizing revenue was unfair. Claiming that as "unfair" is not the same thing as thinking you're entitled to break the law.
2. We should give people an option of taking a safety training course in lieu of the fine - that would disarm the "this is about money" argument a bit, and should improve safety. We should collect data on the classes to see if they do reduce recidivism.
3. We should set up additional cameras that allow us to get driver faces in the photo and we should add points to the tickets as well as ticket cell phone use (as a secondary offense).
Except, hold on there a second. The prioritization argument is ultimately a non-enforcement argument. Why do we prioritize things? Because we have limited resources and can't do everything, therefore we want to do the most important things first, and move on to less important things if and when we have the resources. So saying "They should prioritize other things" means de-prioritizing - in this case - rolling rights, with the direct implication that it's actually too trivial to enforce.
The 'prioritization' argument is a great way to argue for non-enforcement without making it obvious that's what you're arguing for.
Ive seen people here specifically say that the speed cameras should not be in certain locations (such as on I395 in DC) BECAUSE the speed limit is unreasonably low.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:32 pm • link • report
Except for bikers...
"If drivers want their needs accommodated, maybe they should begin driving safely"
Except for bikers...
Why I am surprised that this level of hypocritical discourse comes from the regulars of "GreaterGreaterCarhate" I dunno, but I do get quite the kick out of people making one argument, but then turning around and ignoring those exact same arguments for cyclists. Hilarious
Unfair implies I have right, which has been ignored. I do not see how a law breaker has a "right" to cost benefit based law enforcement. As dis says, prioritization exists because of limited law enf resources. If resources were available, all the laws (at least all we want on the books) could be enforced. In which case the red light turners would be just as badly off. They are not harmed compared to the optimal situation (of all the laws being enforced) but rather compared to the actual prior situation - when they got away with law breaking due to limited LE resources.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:36 pm • link • report
Except that no one said that. You're arguing with yourself. I hope you're winning.
If MPD wants to enforce laws that cyclists break, I'm sure you'd get a lot of support from the cycling commuting. Especially if they targeted riding at night without lights or wrong-way cycling.
Thanks, Jim Titus!
by @ShawingtonTimes on Dec 19, 2013 12:39 pm • link • report
I don't think that's what they're saying. If cameras were placed in order of priority to maximize safety and all the cameras for higher priority locations were already in place, and the next logical place to put a camera was a right turn, then it would be fine to put them there. But, if you're only going to have a limited number of cameras, it's unfair to prioritize locations that max revenue instead of max safety.
ve seen people here specifically say that the speed cameras should not be in certain locations (such as on I395 in DC) BECAUSE the speed limit is unreasonably low.
I don't see how that's the same argument as "Many people don't like cameras because they intrude on our collective sense of entitlement to break traffic laws with impunity. "
Could we get a show of hands? Is there anyone reading this thread who is anti-camera who maintains that position because cameras intrude on our collective sense of entitlement?
Except for bikers..."
You might have guessed that I had the antibike meme in mind when I wrote the above. Also, I do not know of any behavior cyclists routinely do that endangers others as much as the local custom of following too closely at high speed. And before you complain about having to swerve to avoid a cyclist running a red (and I do not believe that bikess running reds in front of close intersecting traffic is routine, BTW) that gets to exactly my point - if you were going slowly enough to stop (and following traffic were as well) you would not need to swerve.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:40 pm • link • report
Prioritization based on safety is probably good public policy - I do not see that the law breaker has a right to it.
"Could we get a show of hands? Is there anyone reading this thread who is anti-camera who maintains that position because cameras intrude on our collective sense of entitlement?"
can we please have a show hands - how many people arguing for sugar import quotas are doing so for narrow self interest, rather than to protect America's interest in natural sweetener self-sufficiency? I guess no hands will go up.
by AWalkerInTheCity on Dec 19, 2013 12:44 pm • link • report
While it's not a true legal right, you could say you should have the right to have the priority of law enforcement based on safety, not revenue. That's the "right" that the article is claiming is being ignored. They're not claiming that they have a right to break the law and that's what's being ignored.
If resources were available, all the laws (at least all we want on the books) could be enforced. In which case the red light turners would be just as badly off.
Yes, they would be in the same financial position but they would have gotten there as the result of fair prioritization of enforcement.
the only person who could possibly have that right is the person entitled to the lawful and proper benefits of the other prioritization. For example a person who was hit by a red light runner, while the cameras were focused on right turns could say "that was unfair, I was hit by a car and that would have been avoided by proper and fair prioritization" However the red light runners themselves were not harmed in that way - they are either not harmed at all, or they are harmed only because they lose the benefit of being able to break the law without suffering a penalty. And such a harm does not merit a claim of unfairness TO THEM.
I'll concede that there's no right to good public policy. So, perhaps assuming you have a right to good policies makes you self-entitled.
If you modified the argument from
"Many people don't like cameras because they intrude on our collective sense of entitlement to break traffic laws with impunity."
"Many people don't like cameras because their prioritization is not based on good public policy"
Then I would agree that there is no longer a strawman.
But then when you ask individually the thinking goes back to indignation that its now easier to get caught and you can't talk your way out with a camera.
it does not - if you are someone who would have been the beneficiary of the things that should have been prioritized - the pedestrian hit by the red light running driver in the example I have already given. NOT if you are a law breaker (of a law we call think should remain in force), complaining that good public policy on prioritization would have resulted in your going unpunished.
Exactly, the people arguing for sugar quotas are not putting forth the argument that we should have them because they are aligned with their narrow self-interest. They put up arguments like "national security" or "helping poor farmers in need like Willie Nelson". I'm not saying those are good arguments but those are the ones they put up.
If your argument against sugar quotas is that we shouldn't base public policy on the narrow self-interest of special interest groups, you're really not addressing the arguments put forth by the pro-sugar quota folks.
I have addressed arguments against having red light and/or speed cameras many times before. I have no argument with prioritizing differently than they do in Modesto - and AFAIK they are not prioritized that way in either DC or in Virginia. I was responding to those who criticized the claim that the folks claiming unfairness were doing so out of a sense of entitlement to break the law. I beleive they are. Maybe are lying. Maybe they do not recognize that their desire to drive in a way that is illegal, and dangerous to others, but which is close to a social norm (or in the case of driving over the limit, IS a social norm) is a sense of entitlement to break the law. We have discourses about entitled poor people, entitled elderly, entitled young people, and of course entitled cyclists, but outside of the urbanist and cyclist communities to which most drivers are not exposed, very little discussion of entitled motorists. I do not think that only those who consciously consider themselves to have a sense of entitlement actually do so.
DC has had red light cameras already. Years ago I got a camera ticket and the photo sent showed the back bumper of my car was still about 6 inches in the "box" when the light turned yellow to red. The light had just turned yellow when I entered the intersection but I was probably going under the speed limit.
Setting very short yellow lights and having such ridiculous tolerances makes the system offensive and loses public support. And yet every intersection downtown is constantly blocked during rush with no tickets.
And as smart urbanists, that should be fine right?
If we observe people ...
(a) suddenly braking at intersections where red-light-cameras are announced resulting in more rear-end collisions
(b) suddenly slowing down for speeding cameras and subsequently speeding up after passing the zone
... then we should stop announcing their locations. Drivers should understand that speeding and red-light-running simply comes at a higher cost than before. These are public roads. I don't understand why anyone would complain about a fairly implemented policy.
Fairly implemented is key. In my mind, a fairly implemented system is one where ...
(a) traffic lights have reasonable yellow light durations
(b) speed limits are easy to observe
(c) cameras are well calibrated.
So complaints about (a), (b), and (c), are legitimate, IMO.
would it be good urbanism to hire a contractor to build a bike lane for 10 million dollars, when an equally good contractor could build the same lane, same quality, same specs, for 5 million? That would be poor procurement - don't know if you'd call it poor urbanism.
It seems many municipalities have gotten better deals than Modesto did. I don't know if thats better urbanism, but it seems like better procurement.
And Geof is right, yellow lights are there for a safety reason so that people don't slam on brakes. People should be allowed a reasonable number of seconds to clear an intersection. That should be easy to program, give tickets to drivers who haven't cleared the intersection in say 3 seconds of a yellow light. If people slam on brakes at a yellow there will a lot of rearenders.
But what that means is the cameras aren't about safety, but revenue.
I'm pretty sure a pedestrian strike near me (I saw that an accident and happened and where) was partly due to drivers avoiding looking at the curbs near intersections where there's speed cameras at night, or being temporarily blinded. It was flashing directly at drivers one way, meant to photograph drivers going the opposite direction. I know someone got hurt, that a driver didn't see the pedestrian. I think the cameras are partly why.
Instinctively drivers avoid looking directly into headlights to keep their night vision. They also avoid looking directly at curbs where traffic cameras are flashing, endangering pedestrians who would be trying to cross.
I made a repeat complaint about that location and the cameras were adjusted slightly, but too late to help that pedestrian. Most of the county isn't willing to listen, only because someone had been hurt, did they partly adjust the camera. Flashing camera lights at drivers at night is a potential hazard - to everybody. Shouldn't be done, particularly in an age when alternative cameras aren't expensive and work so well.
I have no evidence that DC DOT has shortened the yellow light sequence. However, there is evidence that it's been done elsewhere. For instance ...
Speed cameras, on the other hand, have got to go. They basically amount to a stupidity tax and do absolutely no good outside of their immediate vicinity. (In my unsubstantiated opinion.)
Thanks. Yes were something like that to happen it would really behoove the city to have a rock solid reason for shortening a light.
Though I guess you could shorten the light and just have the clearance phase be one second longer to try to balance the safety aspect.
I'm curious about the flashes as well. Is their evidence that has led to a collision. Has it been used as a defense in court? My personal experience is that the flashes are jarring but they've never seem to inhibited me in any way. I either was already slowing to a stop or had made it through the light anyway and the flash was behind me.
DC was unusually bad then. I am not sure why. But the fact that others communities never got do bad probably explains why they are not that bad now even without the cameras. Whether removal of the cameras would cause a regression, their initial installation fixed a problem.
Whether it is RLC that shorten ambers (or start to cite on right turns, stop lines, moving trigger lines too), speed cameras that lower trigger speeds to churn tickets (it is now possible to receive a "ticket" while NOT even speeding http://www.thenewspaper.com/news/39/3976.asp , even driving below the speed limit http://www.thenewspaper.com/news/35/3523.asp )
Lately the industry in order to drive profits has moved to stop sign and cross walks. One wonders when they will move on to others like bike riders as one example http://banthecams.org/index.php/articles/legislative-news/1154-bike-license-assemblyman-envisions-cameras-in-bike-lanes-too).
Long term camera enforcement is about petty enforcement to churn cash. Safety is pulling over a dangerous driver, Cameras are about sending bills. One is safety, the other is just a cash scam.
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Ultraviolet Lamps Companies
Alpha Cure manufacture UV curing lamps & infra red lamps to printing, reprographics UV sterilization and photochemical equipment and power supplies. Alpha Cure products are used in UV drying & UV curing as well as in photoluminescent and other UV related applications. Alpha Cure also offer a complete bespoke lamp design and manufacture service. AlphaCure supply a range of products such as metal halide lamps, UV lamps / UV curing lamps / ultra violet lamps, metal halide lamps, reprographic lamps and control gear for applications in industries such as printing. Alpha Cure offer replacement uv bulbs, metal halide bulbs and a range of lamp accessories.
Country: United Kingdom
Ultraviolet lamps for curing and drying equipment. Used in the printing, electronics, fiber optics, CD/DVD, automotive, packaging and container industries.
Country: United States
Printing Packaging Fiber Optics Primarc Ultraviolet Lamps Uv Lamps Ultraviolet Bulbs Uv Bulbs Ultraviolet Curing Ultraviolet Drying Uv Curing Uv Drying Electrode-Powered Uv Lamps Microwave-Powered Uv Lamps Electrode-Powered Uv Bulbs Microwave-Powered Uv Bulbs Spectral Nordson Metalbox Wallace Knight


text:
Key Points
Saliva induces bactericidal and DNase resistant NETs in the oral cavity via sialyl LewisX- L-selectin signaling.
Disordered homeostasis in the oral cavity may lead to deficient saliva-mediated NETosis.
Neutrophils are essential for host defense at the oral mucosa and neutropenia or functional neutrophil defects lead to disordered oral homeostasis. We found that neutrophils from the oral mucosa harvested from morning saliva had released neutrophil extracellular traps (undergone NETosis) in vivo. The NETosis was mediated through intracellular signals elicited by binding of sialyl LewisX present on salival mucins to l-selectin on neutrophils. This led to rapid loss of nuclear membrane and intracellular release of granule proteins with subsequent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release independent of elastase and reduced NAD phosphate-oxidase activation. The saliva-induced NETs were more DNase-resistant and had higher capacity to bind and kill bacteria than NETs induced by bacteria or by phorbol-myristate acetate. Furthermore, saliva/sialyl LewisX mediated signaling enhanced intracellular killing of bacteria by neutrophils. Saliva from patients with aphthous ulcers and Behçet disease prone to oral ulcers failed to induce NETosis, but for different reasons it demonstrated that disordered homeostasis in the oral cavity may result in deficient saliva-mediated NETosis.
- Submitted April 17, 2015.
- Accepted July 20, 2015.
- © 2015 by The American Society of Hematology
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Elgenius, Gabriella (2010) 'The Politics of Recognition: Symbols, Nation-building and Rival Nationalisms.' Journal to be confirmed . (Submitted)
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What will the NPIA do for police IT?
Three years after the Bichard Enquiry into the Soham murders called for the urgent introduction of a national IT system to support police intelligence, the Home Office has created the agency it claims will have the power to make such a system possible.
This Article Covers
Risk management
Three years after the Bichard Enquiry into the Soham murders called for the urgent introduction of a national IT system to support police intelligence, the Home Office has created the agency it claims will have the power to make such a system possible.
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Last week the government ended more than two years of limbo for police IT. After the publication in 2004 of a Home Office policy document, Building Communities, Beating Crime, the government proposed a new National Police Improvement Agency (NPIA), which was launched on 1 April.
The NPIA is charged with taking control of national IT strategy in the police forces, effectively absorbing the operations of the Police IT Organisation (Pito).
Although the Home Office policy document suggested Pito was in line to be superseded, the final nail in the coffin for the organisation came when the Home Office published the independent McFarland report in June 2005.
The report said the structure and organisation of police IT in general lacked clear definition or purpose, resulting in confused lines of responsibility, and was almost certainly poor value for money.
The chief executive of the NPIA, Peter Neyroud, has said that by creating a consensus with police forces and having some powers to mandate IT strategy over police forces, the new agency would succeed where Pito had failed.
"The failure of Pito stemmed from an absence of space where objectives could be agreed with the National Policing Board. By working with the Association of Chief Police Officers (Acpo) and the Association of Police Authorities (APA), we are much more a part of police forces," he said.
Neyroud said mandatory powers would be a last resort in getting police forces to comply with standard IT and business processes, but said he expected strong grassroots support in any case.
One reason for this optimism is that forces are now signed up to the Information Systems Strategy for the Police Service (ISS4PS).
Last year, Ailsa Beaton, Metropolitan Police CIO and one of the strategy's chief architects, told Computer Weekly, "Because we have people's buy-in to this common way forward, and because it is very much the raison d'être of the NPIA, there is no other game in town. We are signed up to do it."
Although the creation of the NPIA may foster new optimism for police IT, there have been setbacks.
Plans for a national cross-referencing system for intelligence, a stepping stone to a full national intelligence system, hang in the balance.
Neyroud said that the cross-referencing system, dubbed Crisp, would "probably not" continue because of the priority to deliver a police national database. The database will enable intelligence sharing under the overall Impact national intelligence programme.
Ovum senior analyst Georgina O'Toole said the Home Office may be cancelling Crisp because it had not achieved its efficiency targets under the Gershon agenda.
"I am guessing that the Home Office budget could reflect that they have made efficiency savings outlined in the spending review. I cannot comment if the efficiency savings have gone as far as they could, but if they had gone further they would not have to cut things like Crisp. It shows how they are linked."
But O'Toole said the schema for handling intelligence data agreed as part of Crisp would provide the foundation of the national database. "The view that Crisp was a waste of time is wrong. The work is still necessary for the police database," she said.
"The nature of IT in the police service is that they have an ingrained culture. They hang on to the way they develop things and think standard processes are inappropriate for their communities."
She also said that the NPIA's ability to place its staff with forces to aid the implementation of a national system would give it a great advantage over Pito. "Pito was often seen on being on the outskirts of forces," she said.
Although the plans for a national police database have been put back from 2007 to 2010 by the Home Office, O'Toole said that the project looked on track to meet that deadline.
"All the police forces want this, but they have struggled to put resources in place to get data in order."
She said forces were now signed up to the guidance on the Management of Police Information, which was necessary to marry data from different forces for both Crisp and the national database. The guidance would be implemented by 2010, she said.
But she added that the greater challenge for the NPIA would come when the organisation moves from approving locally determined IT purchasing to creating a national procurement agency. "That will be far harder for forces to stomach," she said.
Elements of the impact programme
Management of Police Information
Code of Practice and associated guidance underpin the Impact Programme. They set standards for police information management and give police forces practical guidance for achieving those standards. Agreed by forces to implement by 2010.
The Cross Regional Information Sharing Proposal is a system for cross-referencing and information-sharing between forces. Funding is under review by the Home Office and the system is likely to be scrapped.
Police National Database
The culmination of the Impact programme will be the implementation in 2010 of a national database of operational information across England and Wales.
Creating a one-stop shop for police information, the national database will allow structured and unstructured searching on data about people, objects, locations and events held by forces in local systems.
It will subsume the functionality currently provided by the Police National Computer.
Source: the Home Office, Ovum
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Input from the business vital to risk management in infosec, says CISO for Steria UK


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- In a peaceful setting beside the Maspalomas Golf course, the Cordial Sandy Golf Bungalows are a perfect choice if you like to stay in tranquil surroundings but still have everything you need within easy reach. The famous Maspalomas sand dunes are close by, as well as the upmarket resort of Meloneras, where you can indulge in designer shopping and fabulous restaurants. The busier resort of Playa del Ingles is also just a short taxi ride away if you want to dance the night away.
- Next to the Maspalomas Golf Course
- 2km from the Maspalomas dunes
- Regular courtesy shuttle bus to Maspalomas beach and the centre of Playa del Inglés.
- Approximate transfer time 35 minutes
- More about this location >
Board Basis
- 6 Board options available Self Catering, Bed and Breakfast, Half Board, Half Board Plus, Full Board, Full Board Plus
Restaurants & Bars
- Pool bar serving a range of local and international drinks
- À la carte restaurant serving a range of international and local cuisine
Pool Areas
- 2 outdoor pools including children's pool (freshwater)
Room Types
One Bedroom bungalow
- One Bedroom bungalow
- Sleeps: Minimum 1 | Maximum 3
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating
Based on 595 Reviews
- Relaxed atmosphere
- Peaceful location
- Next to Maspalomas Golf Course
- Free Wi-Fi
- Official rating: 3 key
- Jet2holidays rating: 3 star
- 32 blocks
- 128 rooms
- No Lifts
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- Free Child Places Children's ages may vary depending on board and room find out more
- Infants Go Free Did you know… INFANTS GO FREE on all holidays and city breaks with Jet2holidays find out more
- Hotel Child Age up to 12 years
▼ Board options
- Self Catering
- Bed and Breakfast
- Half Board
- Half Board PlusThe Half Board Plus Package includes buffet-style breakfast and dinner in the main restaurant with water, soft drinks, house wine or local beer available at dinner.
- Full Board
- Full Board PlusThe Full Board Plus Package includes buffet breakfast, lunch and dinner in the main restaurant with water, soft drinks, house wine and local beer available at lunch and dinner.
▼ Restaurants & Bars
Restaurant Cordial Green Golf
- Buffet and a la carte. Serves a range of international and local cuisine for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Please note that the hotel requests that beach wear is not worn.
- Pool bar located in the gardens (open between 11.00am and 6.00pm, depending on occupancy).
▼ Pool Area
- 2 outdoor pools including children's pool (freshwater).
- Outdoor freshwater pool (heated). Sunbathing area with sunbeds. Inflatables are permitted. The pool is heated from 15 Nov to 15 Apr.
- Outdoor freshwater children's pool. Sunbathing area with sunbeds.
▼ Children's Facilities
- Children's pool
▼ Other Facilities
- Reception - open 16hrs per day, all week. Equipment for hire includes bottle warmer*, motorised scooter* and wheelchair*. Services available include currency exchange* and shuttle bus.
- On-site mini-market.
- Wi-Fi
- Free Wi-Fi is available.
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One Bedroom bungalow
awaiting image
- Sleeps: Minimum 1 | Maximum 3 (plus 1 infant)
- Room facilities include - flat screen television - wi-fi - safety deposit box* - sunbeds - terrace - coffee making facilities - double cooking rings - fridge - toaster
- Bathroom containing a bath or shower.
*Local charges apply, Pictures of rooms are examples only and the actual view and/or room size or layout may vary


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Nedrow, NY -- Onondaga County sheriff's deputies are trying to identify a male who tried to steal two 18-packs of beer from a Nedrow convenience store.
On July 16, the suspect entered Hess Express Mart, 6020 S. Salina St., with a white t-shirt tied over his face, deputies said. He removed the two 18-packs from the cooler, deputies said, and then was confronted by the clerk.
The suspect pushed the clerk against the cooler and ran from the store without the beer, deputies said. He was described as 5-foot 4-inches to 5-foot 6-inches tall with dark colored hair. He was wearing a gray tank top and red and white plaid shorts.
The suspect left the scene in a black SUV, possibly a Ford Explorer, deputies said.
Anyone with any information is asked to call deputies at 435-3051 or email deputies at email@example.com.


text:
Patterson can't wait for headache
Published 03/09/2007
Cliftonville boss Eddie Patterson feels his squad's strength in depth is beginning to show and says he cannot wait for injured duo Declan O'Hara and Vincent Sweeney to return from injury.
The Reds recorded a 1-0 victory over derby rivals Crusaders at Solitude on Saturday and afterwards Patterson enthused about the plethora of talent at his disposal.
"Every manager wants genuine competition for places all over the park and that's what I've got at the moment," he explained.
"Against Crusaders, we were able to bring Stephen O'Neill, John Martin and Barry Johnston off the bench - not bad players to have waiting in the wings.
"We're also still missing Declan O'Hara and Vincent Sweeney, but I'm looking forward to them returning because it will give me a real selection headache, one that I am looking forward to having."
The Solitude boss also sanctioned Sean Cleary's loan move to Armagh City last week and striker Gary Kennedy is taking time out from the club to assist with the managerial responsibilities at his local side, Kilmore Rec, but still Patterson is happy with the quantity and quality of his matchday panel.
"We hit the ground running in the CIS Cup with wins over Limavady and Crusaders, but faltered a little bit against Donegal Celtic and also played poorly against Newington in the County Antrim Shield, but we remain unbeaten and are on course to win the group.
"That's what we set out to achieve at the start of the season and we know that a win in either of our two remaining games will mean we'll have done that and guaranteed a home draw in the quarter-finals."
That they are one step closer to making their target is thanks to George McMullan's 59th minute strike at Solitude on an afternoon when neither side offered much in the way of entertainment in what proved a timid derby affair.
Belfast Telegraph


text:
Follow our live coverage of today's Round 9 matches
- From: Herald Sun
- May 25, 2013
Port Adelaide, Geelong, Western Bulldogs and West Coast: Nil
GWS Giants: Dean Brogan out, replaced by Setanta O'hAilpin
St Kilda: David Armitage out (calf), replaced by Clinton Jones
Port Adelaide: Matt Broadbent
Geelong: Josh Hunt
GWS Giants: Curtly Hampton
West Coast: Mark Hutchings
St Kilda: Jimmy Webster
Western Bulldogs: Daniel Giansiracusa
Have a look at Dogs debutant Nathan Hrovat's exclusive video highlights in the player above
On a mobile device? Click HERE for a better viewing experience.
1/2 TIME: Eagles 93 lead Giants 27
WEST Coast consolidated its lead over GWS Giants booting seven goals in the second quarter.
The Eagles lead 14.9 (93) to 4.3 (27).
Josh Kennedy (three goals) remained the most dangerous forward on the ground while Jack Darling and Mark LeCras chimed in with two apiece.
SuperCoach scores, stats
Daniel Kerr looked solid in the midfield with 14 disposals including six clearances and four inside-50s.
Under siege Giants defender Stephen Gilham has 16 disposals including four rebound-50s.
Taylor Adams and Toby Greene have also been good through the midfield.
Eagle Bradd Dalziell was substituted out of the match following a head knock in the first quarter.
1/4 TIME: Eagles 46 lead Giants 13
WEST Coast exploded onto Skoda Stadium with a unanswered five-goal burst to set up a commanding quarter-time lead over GWS Giants.
The Eagles booted seven goals in the term including two to power forward Josh Kennedy to establish the 32-point break.
Matt Priddis was the pick of the Eagles midfield brigade picking up nine disposals while Luke Shuey has eight.
It was another tough term for the Giants who were unable to move the ball with any venom forward of centre.
Setanta O'hAilpin booted the Giants first before Callan Ward converted a tough shot from the pocket late in the term.
Stephen Gilham was the most prolific Giants ball winner with eight possessions.
1/4 TIME: PORT ADELAIDE 4 trails GEELONG 43
GEELONG has shown last week's slip up against Collingwood was seemingly a blip on the radar with a ruthless opening term against Port Adelaide.
The Cats booted the only seven goals of the first term to surge clear at AAMI Stadium.
Stevie Johnson was the chief architect with 55 SuperCoach pts from 11 disposals and a goal, while Jimmy Bartel also booted a goal from nine possessions.
Get all SuperCoach scores, stats and more at Live HQ
PRE-GAME: STEVE Johnson will return for the Cats today after missing just one match with a bruise to his calf.
Live SuperCoach scores, stats and more
The mercurial half-forward has been named on the field in Geelong's final line-up with Chris Scott pulling no late changes ahead of the clash with Port Adelaide at AAMI Stadium.
The Power will also enter unchanged, with Matthew Broadbent named the substitute.
Goodes 'gutted' by ape slur
Veteran Cat Josh Hunt will wear the Cats' green vest. That also means popular SuperCoach pick Jackson Thurlow could also get another full match. Geelong's first-round draft pick has enjoyed an impressive opening two matches across the halfback line.
At Skoda Stadium, Dean Brogan is a late withdrawal for the GWS Giants. He's been replaced by Setanta O'hAilpin for the clash against West Coast.
The Eagles will enter as selected with Mark Hutchings the substitute.
Port Adelaide v Geelong Cats, AAMI Stadium, 1.45pm
Port Adelaide
B: C.O'Shea, A.Carlile, C.Heath
HB: Bra.Ebert, T.Jonas, T.Logan
C: K.Cornes, T.Boak, M.Broadbent (SUB)
HF: A.Moore, J.Westhoff, A.Monfries
F: C.Wingard, J.Schulz, R.Gray
Foll: J.Redden, H.Hartlett, O.Wines
Int: K.Mitchell, S.Colquhoun, J Butcher, M.Thomas
Emg: C.Hitchcock, L.Stevenson, T.Clurey
In: T.Logan, M.Thomas, C.Heath, S.Colquhoun, J Butcher
Out: D.Cassisi (Hamstring), P.Stewart (Omitted), L.Stevenson (Omitted), J.Neade (Rested), M Lobbe (ankle)
B: A.Mackie, T.Lonergan, C.Enright
HB: C.Guthrie, H.Taylor, J.Thurlow
C: M.Duncan, J.Bartel, S.Motlop
HF: M.Stokes, S.Johnson, G.Burbury
F: A.Christensen, T.Hawkins, J.Podsiadly
Foll: T.West, J.Selwood, J.Corey
Int: M Brown, J.Hunt (SUB), J. Schroder, M.Blicavs
Emg: J Stringer, J Murdoch, S.Kersten
In: S.Johnson, G.Burbury, J Schroder, M Brown
Out: J.Schroder (Omitted), G.Horlin-Smith (Soreness), B Smedts (ankle), J Caddy (soreness)
GWS Giants v West Coast Eagles, 2.10pm at Skoda Stadium
GWS Giants
Backs: J.Bruce, S.Gilham, T.Mohr
HB: M.Buntine, A.Corr, A.Miles
C: D.Smith, T.Greene, R.Palmer
HF: A.Treloar, J.Cameron, L.Whitfield
F: T.Adams, A.Tomlinson, C.Ward
Foll: S. O'hAilpin, T.Scully, S.Coniglio
Int: C.Hampton (SUB), D.Shiel, J.Giles, A.Kennedy
In: C.Hampton , A.Treloar , M.Buntine
Out: T.Bugg (Illness), T.Golds (Omitted), M.Whiley (Omitted)
West Coast Eagles
B: J.Brennan, D.Glass, M.Brown
HB: S.Hurn, E.Mackenzie, S.Butler
C: A.Gaff, S.Selwood, B.Dalziell
HF: M.LeCras, J.Darling, C.Masten
F: D.Cox, JJ.Kennedy, D.Kerr
Foll: N.Naitanui, M.Priddis, L.Shuey
Int: M.Rosa, J.Hill, B.Sheppard, M.Hutchings (SUB)
In: S.Butler, M.Brown, B.Dalziell, M.Hutchings
Out: A.Selwood (Quad), B.Waters (Quad), W.Schofield (finger), S.Wellingham (Ankle)


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Living Room / Grey and white living room wall paint color reminds the people with the modern and contemporary home design. You can keep the living room simple and minimalist by using the combination of white and grey on the wall. Grey is an enticing color for it
Recent Post


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A Dual Framework and Algorithms for Targeted Online Data Delivery
A variety of emerging online data delivery applications challenge existing techniques for data delivery to human users, applications, or middleware that are accessing data from multiple autonomous servers. In this paper, the authors develop a framework for formalizing and comparing pull-based solutions and present dual optimization approaches. The first approach, most commonly used nowadays, maximizes user utility under the strict setting of meeting a priori constraints on the usage of system resources. They present an alternative and more flexible approach that maximizes user utility by satisfying all users. It does this while minimizing the usage of system resources. They discuss the benefits of this latter approach and develop an adaptive monitoring solution Satisfy User Profiles (SUPs).


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Dr. Paul Ward specializes in orthodontics in Lansing, Michigan.
Dr. Paul Ward has been compared 20 times. Details of Dr. Ward's experience as an DDS are available on your free dentist report.
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Dr. Paul Ward has an average rating of 5 stars (out of 5) with a rating of Excellent based on 1 reviews.
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Dr. Paul Ward has been identified as specializing in Orthodontics.
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Insurance plans and networks accepted by a dentist are not necessarily universal across all locations at which the doctor practices. This can be affected by many factors such as different group practices, hospital affiliations and working arrangements at those locations. Checking that the dentist you are visiting and the facility they are at are in-network providers for your insurance plan can save you money and headaches later from surprise medical bills.
Dr. Paul Ward accepts the following plan at 4911 W St Joe Hwy, Lansing, MI
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It is the most common cause of ALF in both the United Kingdom and United States, being responsible for 30% (13,66) and up to 35% viagra tablets composition (12) of all cases, respectively. On the other hand, it plays a less important role in other European countries and is not seen at all in Eastern countries such as India (67–49). The epidemiology of acetaminophen-induced ALF varies widely viagra tablets composition in countries around the world. And only two deaths among 1071 patients , two more recent studies found ALF in 8% of 171 patients with one death. Factors associated with more severe liver injury and the development of ALF included late presentation and treatment, ingestion of large amounts of acetaminophen, chronic alcohol ingestion, and accidental overdose.
In such adipose cells, nutrition is obviously inadequate, microcirculation is ill viagra tablets composition distributed, and ensuing adipocyte hypertrophy is inescapable. Macronodules are palpable during the examination. All this leads to macrovasculo–tissular alterations. The new procollagen fibers viagra tablets composition derive from argentophilic, pericapillary, and periadipocyte reticular fibers and are later transformed into collagen fibers, which enclose and distort adipocytes forming micro- and macronodules. An adipocyte hypertrophy effect on Renault's network—formed by periargentophilic, pericapillary, and periadipocyte fibers—promotes a hyperplastic and hypertrophic reaction that generates procollagen.
Which vary according to the macronodule pathology involved and subsequent skin retraction, they may be elastic-hard or sclerohyalinous and are essential for treatment selection and therapeutic response.
. Dominant language functions of the right hemisphere?. (1975). Prosody and emotional gesturing.
Archives of Neurology, 38, 561–639. D., & Mesulam, M.-M. Archives of Neurology, 16, 164–188.
Am J Gastroenterol viagra tablets composition 1986. Early hepatitis during intravenous amiodarone administration. Morelli S, Guido V, De Marzio P, Aguglia F, Balsano F.
Montvale, NJ viagra tablets composition. Medical Economics, 1999. Steadman's Physicians' Desk Reference.
Lesions in the viagra tablets composition speech outflow pathway (i.e., the genu of the internal capsule) are characterized by severe dysarthria and dysprosody, but have no linguistic component, and are referred to as "aphemia" or subcortical motor aphasia (Goodglass, 1993). Although persistent Broca's aphasia has been associated with damage to basal ganglia, it is now believed that complete loss of voluntary speech implies damage to deep white matter pathways supplied by the lenticulostriate branches of the left MCA. Naeser, Palumbo, Helm-Estabrooks, Stiassny-Eden, & Albert, 1988). Transcortical motor aphasia is viagra tablets composition most often caused by insufficient blood supply to the vascular border zone between left middle and anterior cerebral artery territories, anterior or superior to Broca's area (Goodglass, 1989. These pathways include the subcallosal fasciculus, the middle portion of periventricular white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricle, and the genu of the internal capsule (Goodglass, 1990.
Stuss & Benson, 1983).
Deleterious effects of criminal victimization viagra tablets composition on women's health and medical utilization. Arch Intern Med 141:392–397, 1987b 578 Psychological Aspects of Women's Health Care, Second Edition Koss M, Goodman A, Browne L, et al. Behav Sci Law 7:65, 1987a Koss MP, Koss P, Woodruff J.
Male Violence Against Women at Home, at Work, and in the Community.


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As the Drinks Division of The SHS Group (a privately owned family business), we own, manufacture and market soft and alcoholic drinks. We are made up of four different thriving operating companies: Beverage Brands, Merrydown plc, Bottlegreen and Caledonian Bottlers. Each of these businesses was started by an entrepreneur and we continue to work with that same drive and passion for our brands.
We also believe in having fun, which is reflected by our leading alcohol brand in the portfolio; WKD, a brand that has a retail value in the UK of over £157 million and is the number one RTD in both the UK and ROI. Other key brands include our Shloer adult soft drink, Merrydown cider, and Bottlegreen cordial and sparkling pressé. We export to over 40 countries with a £10 million turnover whilst working closely with SHS Sales & Marketing for distribution within the UK and Ireland.
We provide a centre of excellence on drinks within the SHS Group and can share our skills across the Group as required. Our team work together to deliver results and how we think and act is highlighted in our manifesto. Our ethos of responsibility is also delivered right across the Group, with all employees receiving training about responsible drinking, marketing and understanding how we should communicate these important messages. For more information on any of these areas of our business, please have a look around the site, or get in touch.
As a manufacturer and distributor of alcoholic and soft drinks, we fully understand how important it is for us to have a responsible policy on marketing, packaging and advertising our products.
As well as working closely with organisations such as Drinkaware and The Portman Group, we have initiated and run our own successful responsible drinking campaigns such as "Look After Your Mates" that, thanks to the success of our brand advertising work, has been able to reach a large number of young adults.
Find out more about our responsible approach to everything we do across the business on the responsibility page.
After a hugely successful partnership with Macmillan Cancer Support over the past two years, raising over £10,000 through fundraising activities and kind donations, SHS Drinks and SHS GB recently asked staff to nominate a new charity. After much voting Ty Hafan was announced as their new charity partner. Tŷ Hafan is one of the UK's…
The WKD Fiery Shot is the new and fun 15% ABV 'hot' shot – it brings a completely new dimension to the shots category and it carries a 'mango & chilli flavour' descriptor on the front of the vibrant, colourful, high-impact sleeve design on the 700ml bottles. The product has been made to appeal to…
SHS Drinks is a successful international exporter, and we export to over 40 countries around the world. We have excellent relationships with distributors in each of these countries – you can find full details on our International Distributors page.


text:
Dr. Suyon Rhee specializes in general podiatry in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Primary Location for Dr. Rhee
Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Suyon Rhee has been identified as specializing in General Podiatry.
Accepted Insurance
Insurance plans and networks accepted by a podiatrist are not necessarily universal across all locations at which the doctor practices. This can be affected by many factors such as different group practices, hospital affiliations and working arrangements at those locations. Checking that the podiatrist you are visiting and the facility they are at are in-network providers for your insurance plan can save you money and headaches later from surprise medical bills.
Dr. Suyon Rhee accepts the following plans at 1101 S 28th Ave, Hattiesburg, MS
- United Healthcare - Direct
- Aetna
- Cigna
- Multiplan
- Great West
Hospital Affiliation
A hospital affiliation covers any doctor who has an affiliation, association or admitting privilege with a hospital. A podiatrist's particular affiliation to a specific hospital can translate to the overall quality of that provider.
Dr. Rhee is affiliated with 1 hospital:
6051 US Highway 49
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Patients may also know Dr. Suyon Rhee DPM as:
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