text:
Most ViewedAn Experiment 2
An Experiment
Bee Pasturage
Burying Bees
Expense Of Renewing Combs
One Like Common Hive Preferred
Remedial Experiments
Bees Do Not Increase If Full After The First Year In Same Hive
Guide-combs Necessary
Least ViewedAn Experiment 2
An Experiment
Bee Pasturage
Burying Bees
Expense Of Renewing Combs
One Like Common Hive Preferred
Remedial Experiments
Bees Do Not Increase If Full After The First Year In Same Hive
Guide-combs Necessary
Its Location
Category: THE APIARY.
In the location of the apiary, one important consideration is, that it
is convenient to watch in the swarming season; that the bees may be
seen at any time from a door or window, when a swarm rises, without the
trouble of taking many steps to accomplish it; because if much trouble
is to be taken, it is too often neglected. Also, if possible, the hives
should stand where the wind will have but little effect, especially
from the northwest. If no hills or building offer a protection, a
close, high board fence should be put up for the purpose. It is economy
to do it--bees enough may be saved to pay the expense. During the first
spring months, the stocks contain fewer bees than at any other season.
It is then that a numerous family is important, for the purpose of
creating animal heat to rear the brood, if for nothing else. One bee is
of more consequence now than a half dozen in midsummer. When the hive
stands in a bleak place, the bees returning with heavy loads, in a high
wind, are frequently unable to strike the hive, and are blown to the
ground; become chilled, and die. A chilly south wind is equally fatal,
but not so frequent. When protected from winds, the hives may front any
point you choose; east or south is generally preferred. A location near
ponds, lakes, large rivers, &c., will be attended with some loss. Hard
winds will fatigue the bees when on the wing, often causing them to
alight in the water; where it is impossible to rise again until wafted
ashore, and then, unless in very warm weather, they are so chilled as
to be past the effort. I do not mention this to discourage any one from
keeping them, when so situated, because some few must keep them thus or
not at all. I am so situated myself. There is a pond of four acres,
some twelve rods off. In spring, during high winds, a great many may be
found drowned, and driven on shore. Although we cannot miss so few from
a stock, it is nevertheless a loss as far as it goes.
Next: Decide Early
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Foozieh Of Egypt
A selection of articles related to foozieh of egypt.
Original articles from our library related to the Foozieh Of Egypt. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Foozieh Of Egypt.
- The Pagan Origins Of Christian Mythology
- The Judeo-Christian religions were founded in a region of the world where savior religions existed for thousands of years. Much of the symbolism and many of the stories in the Bible may be traced to earlier myths of the Persians, Egyptians, and other people...
Religions >> Christianity & Paganism
- King James Bible: Genesis, Chapter 41
- Chapter 41 41:1 And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river. 41:2 And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow. 41:3 And, behold,...
Old Testament >> Genesis
- King James Bible: Exodus, Chapter 12
- Chapter 12 12:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 12:2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. 12:3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the...
Old Testament >> Exodus
- A History Of Dreaming - From Ancient Egypt To Modern Day
- Dreams have been an important part of the human experince since time immemorial. Fragments of the earliest books come from Egypt, where dreams were considered to be the messages sent from the gods. The Egyptians divided their dreams into three categories: 1....
Parapsychology >> Dreams
- King James Bible: Genesis, Chapter 47
- Chapter 47 47:1 Then Joseph came and told Pharaoh, and said, My father and my brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land of Goshen. 47:2 And he took some of his...
Old Testament >> Genesis
- Magick in Ancient Egypt
- "O Isis great enchantress, free me, release me from all evil red things, from the fever of the god and the fever of the goddess. From death, and deathfrom pain, and the pain that comes over me; as though hast freed, as thou hast released thy son Horus,...
History & Anthropology >> Egyptian
- King James Bible: Acts, Chapter 7
- Chapter 7 7:1 Then said the high priest, Are these things so? 7:2 And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran, 7:3 And said unto him, Get thee out...
New Testament >> The Acts
Foozieh Of Egypt is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Foozieh Of Egypt books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- 100 years of Egyptian beauty
- The chosen looks, modeled by Egyptian Dina Mary Zaky, were inspired by the likes of Huda Sharawy, Umm Kulthum, the rise of Cairo and Alexandria as cultural hubs, the golden age of Egyptian cinema, Queen Fawzia, Doria Shafik, the post-colonial period, ...
- Marginalizing Saudi women
- A recent announcement that women can travel (in and out of Kingdom) without a mahram is a further indication of recognizing the legal rights of women in KSA. Slow in coming but progress indeed. Sabrina, Wajeda, Fawzia, et al.
- Yemen: Arbitrarily Held by the Houthis
- Muhammadal-Adeel, 42, a professor of Arabic at Amran University, also had difficulty informing his wife, Fawzia al-Ghabiri, 38, of his whereabouts. She told Human Rights Watch she figured out 17 days after his arrest that he was being held at the CID.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Foozieh Of Egypt Topics
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Whigham Jobs
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text:
The Dow Jones US Homebuilder stock index rose from 176 on October 4, 2011 to a top of 550 on May 14, 2013. This was a spectacular move that gives the illusion that the housing market is in a recovery. However, as of yesterday's close (August 15) the Dow Jones Homebuilder stock index (DJUSHB) is down 24.5% from its May 14 peak. Notwithstanding the small 2-day bounce fueled by a homebuilder "sentiment" index report yesterday and the housing starts report today, the housing market has resumed its multi-year bear market. This being the case, every small bounce in the housing stocks can be used to unload long positions and establish short positions, as I fully anticipate that the DJUSHB will ultimately drop below the post-bubble crash low of 143 on November 21, 2008.
As you can see from this 3-yr daily trading chart of the DJUSHB, the homebuilder stocks are clearly back in bear market mode:
The 2-yr uptrend has completely broken down, as the index has fallen below both the 50 and 200 day moving averages, the 50 dma has crossed below the 200 dma -- the nefarious "Death Cross" -- and both the RSI (green line) and the MACD (red line) indicate that the selling far outweighs the buying. As I explain below, this extremely bearish trading action is supported strongly by a breakdown in fundamentals.
The DJUSHB had a big bounce yesterday (August 15) on the back of the National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB) Housing Market Index report for August, which was reported as being much stronger than the market expected. But what exactly does this index measure? This index is a "touchy-feely" sentiment index "designed to take the pulse of the single-family housing market" -- NAHB Housing Market Index. Essentially the survey asks homebuilders to give their view of market conditions and rate the level "foot traffic" of prospective buyers. Although the index rose from July, the sub-index that measures the traffic of prospective buyers was unchanged from month to month. Overall this index is not based on any hard economic measures or monetary transactions. In my view, buying a homebuilder stock on this survey is nothing but a donation to the counter-party who is selling.
On the heels of yesterday's bounce in the DJUSHB, the homebuilder stocks rallied again after the today's (August 16) housing start and building permit report from the Census Bureau. The report actually slightly missed expectations but the homebuilder stocks jumped at the open of trading. Interestingly, the DJUSHB ran up 14 points from yesterday's close to 429 and has retraced the entire move and is now red on the day as I write this. The reason for this is that, as you can see from the linked report, the housing starts number for single-family homes -- the backbone of the housing market -- dropped below June's level and actually fell to its lowest level since November 2012. Clearly this actual datapoint belies the optimism reflected in yesterday's sentiment report. The smart money saw this and sold into today's homebuilder stock bounce.
Other data released this week suggests that the foundation of the housing market is starting to seriously deteriorate. On Wednesday, the Mortgage Bankers Association weekly mortgage applications index registered yet another big decline, and has declined 12 of the past 14 weeks. The mortgage purchase applications index - the critical datapoint in assessing the strength of actual home sales -- dropped 5%. Keep in mind that August is historically the second or third strongest month seasonally for home sales (May and June are the other two, with June the seasonal peak). Seasonally, mortgage purchase applications should be increasing on a weekly basis from early spring to mid-August. In fact, as you can see from the chart embedded in this report, Bloomberg.com, purchase applications have been in a steep downtrend since mid-February.
Another fundamentally bearish data report that was released this week was this foreclosure report from RealtyTrac. This report showed that foreclosure filings -- default notices, auctions and bank repossessions -- increased 2% in July, fueled by a 6% jump in foreclosure starts. As I have shown in previous articles on this sector, banks have been deferring their foreclosure activity in an attempt to create a market for their existing owned real estate (REO). But part of the true "shadow" inventory of homes that is not counted in published inventory reports from the National Association of Realtors is the large percentage of mortgages that are delinquent, in default or in some stage of foreclosure. As I've shown in previous articles, in many states, a defaulted homeowner can remain in his home for over three years before the bank takes possession. This latest report from RealtyTrac suggests to me that a new wave of foreclosures is about to hit the system.
Finally, the big mortgage banks are starting to announce widespread layoffs in their mortgage finance units. Wells Fargo recently announced a series of over 1400 layoffs over a three week period in its regional mortgage units: Wells Fargo Fargo Mortgage Layoffs. And JPMorgan Chase announced over 1100 layoffs in Denver, southern California and South Carolina. Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase are by far the largest mortgage originators in the country. To put this in context, in Q1 2013, WFC and JPM represented 33% of the mortgage origination business (WFC 22% and JPM 11%). If these two banks are starting to cut payroll in this area, there is no question that they are expecting a big slowdown in mortgage applications, which would translate into a big slowdown in home sales.
In summary, based on both the trading action of the DJUSHB and on the deteriorating fundamentals of the industry, the bear has firmly sunk its claws into the housing market and the housing stocks. My recommendation is to use any bounces in the homebuilders to unload longs positions, if you still have any, and establish short positions. You can short the homebuilder sector as a whole by shorting or buying puts on SPDR S&P Homebuilders (NYSEARCA:XHB) or iShares Dow Jones Home Construction (NYSEARCA:ITB). I prefer to short the individual homebuilders, which is a little more risky but, commensurately, can be more rewarding. My personal favorite to short is D.R. Horton Inc (NYSE:DHI). I started shorting it at the end of January just below $24 and added to the short just below $27 in May. I'm up 25% on my position and will consider adding to it on any significant price bounces over $20. DHI has been issuing debt and using up its cash to load up on land positions and build up its inventory of homes just in time for the market to collapse. I expect to cover my short around $5 at some point in the next 18 months.
With interest rates clearly rising almost daily now, I expect the homebuilder stock sell-off to accelerate this fall and into the end of the year as more investors come to the conclusion that the housing market is headed south once again.
Disclosure: I am short DHI. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.


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The 32-bit MCU has a key function in the IoT pyramid: It provides the data throughput, reading sensors and sending real-time sensor data over an IP-based network. The 32-bit architecture allows designers to put low-power connectivity next to it and communicate directly to the Wi-Fi access point or GSM modem.
Delivering data rates up to 10 Gbps and up to 100 W of power, USB Type-C is the new connector for all next generation products. Learn about the full Type-C ecosystem offered by NXP® Semiconductors.
Webinar - Online October 27, 2016. Reel Savings with NXP Logic: This NXP webinar provides a detailed insight on case studies of practical examples of power, space and cost savings with NXP innovative logic solutions. Modern logic provides much more than just the "glue" to connect complex devices in a system. This webinar will detail a case study of an actual customer application and demonstrate how the use of innovative NXP logic devices provides not only technical advantages in device cost, power and board space, but also in system cost related to power supply requirements, product packaging and supply chain costs. Watch Now
Webinar - OnDemand. TI's power application experts provide rich technical and practical presentations combining theory, basic design principles, real world applications and the WEBENCH® design tools. This Power-centric Web Seminar consists of eight 30 to 40 minutes long webinars including:


text:
Coast to Coast Tickets is the place for great deals on concert, sports and theater tickets!Follow @CTCTickets
|Sorry, no Amriswil, CH tickets are available at this time.
Please Note: Amriswil, CH tickets may be sold for more than the price listed on the ticket. Unless specifically stated, we are not affiliated with any official Amriswil, CH website, any Amriswil, CH box office or any Amriswil, CH fan clubs, partners, or sponsors.
Coast to Coast Tickets is the place for great deals on concert, sports and theater tickets!Follow @CTCTickets
If you would like to attend a concert in Amriswil, CH to experience the live music scene, Coast to Coast Tickets is your source. All it takes is a phone call or a few clicks of the mouse to purchase concert tickets for Amriswil, CH and the surrounding areas.
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Dream Symbol Birthmark
A selection of articles related to dream symbol birthmark.
Original articles from our library related to the Dream Symbol Birthmark. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Dream Symbol Birthmark.
- A History Of Dreaming - From Ancient Egypt To Modern Day
- Dreams have been an important part of the human experince since time immemorial. Fragments of the earliest books come from Egypt, where dreams were considered to be the messages sent from the gods. The Egyptians divided their dreams into three categories: 1....
Parapsychology >> Dreams
- The Four Symbols of Usui Reiki Ryoho
- " It is not God's will merely that we should be happy, but that we should make ourselves happy." Immanuel Kant According to many traditional teachers the Reiki symbols are sacred and therefore secret and should only be seen by insiders, meaning...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- Hulse, David Allen
- From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- Hulse, David Allen
- >From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- A Treatise on Astral Projection, Part 4: More Rope Techniques
- ROPE is a very effective projection technique, but it still has to be learned to be effective. I would like to elaborate on a couple of points about the technique, inspired by the feedback I have received so far. There is NO visualization required - AT ALL -...
Parapsychology >> Astral Projection
- Aviary at the Gates of Heaven: Examining the Bird Symbolism in the Thoth Empress Card
- "This card, summed up, may be called the Gate of Heaven." Book of Thoth, p. 77. Eight birds adorn the fourth card of the Thoth Deck Major Arcana, The Empress. These eight birds, their variant symbology united, point at one overarching meaning -- as...
Tarot Cards >> The Major Arcana
- What does it mean if I have nightmares about being ill?
- According to a report from the Menninger Clinic Detecting cancer in dream content . Horton PC, Child Guidance Clinic for Control Ct., Meriden, CT, USA. A woman was 3 years post mastectomy when she presented a dream whose manifest content suggested a new...
Parapsychology >> Dreams
Dream Symbol Birthmark is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Dream Symbol Birthmark books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- The Many Mysteries of Gravity Falls Secrets Solved!
- People have always wondered what Dipper's real name was since in Double Dipper, it was revealed that Dipper was a nickname due to his big dipper birthmark. Well in the credits of Weirdmageddon part 3, there is a tree with names that say Mabel + Gabe.
- Fitness instructors share photographs of their cellulite and stretch marks
- 'Cellulite, stretch marks, birthmarks, scars, moles, wrinkles, these are part of every single one of us, and they help us tell our story - there is no reason to hide them or apologize for them.
- Daniel Radcliffe and James McAvoy sport matching haircuts at NYC film event
- It might be a lump or a birthmark, I don't know. It all turned out fine, which I was relieved by.' The duo took the time to pose with fans at the venue on Tuesday, taking silly pictures that will capture their double skinhead moment.
- Through the Looking Glass
- Prakash, who is thirty-five, is slightly built, with curly brown hair, a beard, and a birthmark like a child's thumbprint over the bridge of his nose. He doesn't floss, and perhaps for that reason he found that his ....
- One Big Reason Wealthier Kids End Up Liking Healthier Foods
- We all know that it's tough to get kids to choose healthy foods over sugary treats.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Dream Symbol Birthmark Topics
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text:
These should be released by nike.
New Videos
Subscribe to the Sneaker News Youtube Channel
October 28, 2013 BY John Kim / 7
That white-out pair of Foamposites from earlier this year was a dream come true for custom sneaker creators. That heavenly palette offered up a clean slate on which to plant all sorts of themes and colorways. This one is a holiday-inspired Nike Air Foamposite One from FETTi D'Biasi, one that wears a pearlized orange to match the Fall foliage and pumpkins decorating many a doorstep. Continue reading for some more angles and let us know if you think its time that Nike got back to cranking out solid colored versions like this. Also, get in touch with FETTi D'Biasi if you need a pair for yourself.
Filed under: Customs Nike Foamposite
Tags: Nike Air Foamposite One
These should be released by nike.
Shoulda put a jack-o-lantern face on the heel. Woulda been sick for the Holiday! Still a very nice creation!
Creative imo. Sneaker customizers > Nike Designers hahaha...
These make me wonder what ever happened to the NYK cw?
Word up homie
these are cold... i think it shoulda had the tongue, laces, etc black instead of green... and made it a straight halloween shoe instead the green that makes it look miami... but theyre cold either way
These are very dope... Good univ of Miami cw
Subscribe to the Sneaker News Youtube Channel


text:
CCPT Study Guides
New Assessment Test Starting February 29, 2016
The Accuplacer® assessment will be replaced with the new Community College Placement Test (CCPT) to determine placement into most courses. Exceptions are ESL courses.
If you have already taken the Accuplacer, don't worry. Your scores are good for course placement. However, we no longer give the Accuplacer exam for placement into most courses.
If you're a new student, the state of Colorado requires you take a Community College Placement Test (CCPT) before you can enroll in classes (unless you qualify for an exemption). This assessment will help us place you in the right courses when you start at Red Rocks Community College.
CCPT Preparation/Study Guides
Please note that RRCC assessment center has put together these resources for you as a courtesy. Because websites change frequently, some of these links may not work, and some of the test may not function. We encourage you to alert us in this case, however, we do not accept responsibility for the functionality of the following resources.
Reading and Essay
CCPT Details and English Study Guides
CCPT Math Preparation videos from RRCC Math Faculty Craig Faulhaber
Free Resources
Massive Online Open Course - Study Plan (Firefox or Chrome only)
NOTE: You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to read PDF files. If you do not have Acrobat Reader, you can download the appropriate version for your platform absolutely FREE
Helpful Videos for Math
These YouTube videos will assist you.


text:
Tel: +44(0)1795 88 66 66 / email:firstname.lastname@example.com
Our flag ship property in Val d'Isere... Chalet Nanouk has 7 bedrooms, hot tub and steam room.
A 4 bedroom ski in/ski out apartment ideally located close to ski school meeting points, bus stops and equipment rental shops
One of the world's most renowned resorts with masses of snow, shops, bars and restaurants for all tastes!
Not only did you vote in your masses for us to be nominated in the top 5 Best Independent Accommodation Providers, but you all backed up those nominations with votes for us to WIN!! Totally impressed by all of the support we received and proud to show a little company in big old Val d'Isere can still show 'em how it's done!!
Save up to 50% on your equipment rental by pre-booking with our recommended partner in Val d'Isere! Visit the Val d'Isere holiday extras page for more information.
Project Ski are an independent ski chalet specialist, based in the fabulous, high altitude, French resort of Val d'Isere. We will take a unique approach to managing your perfect ski holiday and provide accommodation and/or catering services which can all be tailored to your needs and budget.
Whether it's a "catered chalet" package you are looking for, accommodation only, or something in between, we have staff on hand in resort and the UK to tailor a service that meets your needs. Our aim is to be as flexible as you need us to be with the services we offer!
Project Ski works with private chalet and property owners and some of the larger agencies in Val d'Isere to provide you with a choice of fantastic places to stay. We have chalets with hot tubs, ski in/ski out apartments and a range of budget alternatives that can be booked on request.
For those who have already arranged their ski holiday or own a property in the Alps, we can offer the services of flexible staff to cater, clean, and manage your holiday home for you!
As a small company, you will get to know us very well before you even arrive in resort. Likewise, we spend time getting to know you and your holiday requirements to ensure we can offer all the help, advice and services you need to make your holiday even better than expected!


text:
Welcome to Advanced Pest Solutions ('APS')
Advanced Pest Solutions Ltd. ('APS') focuses on the development and implementation of high-technology solutions to pest and disease problems associated with humans, animals and crops.
We work with an extensive range of insect pests and plant pathogens, providing:
Please visit our services page to find out more
We are currently looking for a new team member for our bluetongue project: read more...
We work closely with
our clients to understand their needs and expectations: please
contact us to discuss your particular needs
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text:
|Marriage Interview - Sample Questions
During the marriage interview the parties may be questioned separately concerning the bona fides of the marriage. Usually the US citizen will be questioned first and then the alien spouse will be asked the same questions. Below is a list of some of the typical questions asked during this interview.
1. Name and address.


text:
Custom scenery for the off-broadway, professional, regional and community theatre market featuring concierge attention.
Broadway-quality set rentals affordable on all theatres budgets for today's most popular shows.
Theatres all across the country are discovering how much money they can make from an unlikely source - their old sets sitting in storage.
Specialized costume and wig rentals designed for professional, regional and community theatre.
From dragons to flying cars, sometimes individual props, or props packages are all that is needed.
Duvetyn, casters, paint and more all at the lowest prices in the industry.
Addams Family - "The huge sets designed and executed by Chinchilla Theatricals, Inc. looked very impressive on the massive Warner stage..."Nancy Sasso Janis Onstage Blog
Mary Poppins - "[Chinchilla Theatrical Scenic's] technical direction makes special effects look easy."Lorraine Lucciola South Coast Today
Legally Blonde - "...bouyant staging is further enhanced by...many massive drops and sliding set peices rented from Chinchilla Theatrical Scenic."Dr. Donnie Matsudan San Diego Drama King
Legally Blonde - "the show is impressive due to...well designed scenery [Chinchilla theatrical scenic]Elizabeth Marie Himchak Pomerado News
Founded in 2003, Chinchilla Theatrical is a concierge technical services company who is leading a revolution in the way technical theatre is produced. Chinchilla is the only company in the nation offering Broadway quality rentals and services covering every discipline of technical theatre.
At Chinchilla Theatrical Scenic, offered services include set rental and custom construction, costume rentals and our exclusive new cash for sets managed rental program where Chinchilla rents your sets for you.


text:
Dad Ryan Hafey loves his children, but sometimes they can be incredibly loud, not to mention full of energy. In this hilarious video, Ryan gives viewers a quick glimpse into the hardcore truth of being a parent.
|TALK TO US: If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us, firstname.lastname@example.com. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and sending it to the newsroom.
(Photo by Richard Shotwell/Invision/AP, File)
Taylor Swift and Tom Hiddleston split up
Taylor Swift decides Tom Hiddleston isn't the one after all and hands him his walking papers.


text:
Welcome to my store!
China has the most promising market. your participation is welcomed. this is the window for you to learn the Chinese history, culture, geography. This is the best place for you to start your journey in China.
You can expect value preservation and appriciation of the products here. Your wealth will grow with the high speed development of the economy and pace of currency appriciation in China.
1.All the produsts prices are synchronized with those in Shanghai Market, China. The best quality is guaranteed. The default option is "China Post Air mail"(feel free to select other options) with best freightage discourts. Please contact us if you have special requirements of the products or of exterior wraps for gift purpose.
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The new study found that higher consumption of foods rich in flavonoids - including black tea and citrus fruits - is linked to a reduced risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
The researchers, from the University of East Anglia (UEA) in the UK, publish their results in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
According to the team, ovarian cancer affects over 6,500 women in the UK and 20,000 women in the US each year. Epithelial ovarian cancer - the most common form of the disease - is where the cancer begins in the surface layer covering the ovary.
This type of cancer "remains a highly lethal malignancy," note the researchers, adding that few modifiable risk factors have been established.
However, some previous studies have suggested that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may be associated with a decreased risk, but subsequent studies have produced inconsistent findings.
Plants contain flavonoids that adjust key cellular signaling pathways and regulate cancer-inflammation pathways, note the team, which suggests flavonoids might be the compounds in plants that could reduce ovarian cancer risk.
Flavonoids include flavonols - found in tea, red wine, apples and grapes - and flavanones - found in citrus fruit and juices.
'Just a couple cups of black tea daily linked with a 31% reduction in risk'
To further investigate the link between flavonoid intake and ovarian cancer risk, the researchers studied dietary habits of 171,940 women aged between 25-55 as part of the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II over the course of 3 decades.
"This is the first large-scale study looking into whether habitual intake of different flavonoids can reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer," says lead author Prof. Aedin Cassidy, from UEA's Norwich Medical School.
To calculate the participants' dietary intake, the researchers analyzed validated food-frequency questionnaires that were collected every 4 years and found that main dietary sources of flavonols were black tea (31%), onions (20%) and apples, while the main sources for flavanones were citrus fruit (36%; 27% from orange intake) and juices (63%; 54% from orange juice).
During the 16-22 years of follow-up, the researchers found that there were a total of 723 cases of medically confirmed ovarian cancer.
Results show that participants who had the highest intakes of flavonol and flavanone had a lower risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer than those who had the lowest intakes.
Commenting on their findings, Prof. Cassidy says:
"The main source of these compounds include tea and citrus fruits and juices, which are readily incorporated into the diet, suggesting that simple changes in food intake could have an impact on reducing ovarian cancer risk.
In particular, just a couple of cups of black tea every day was associated with a 31% reduction in risk."
Study has limitations
Some strengths of the study include its large sample size with long-term follow-up, repeated assessments of dietary intake and detailed data on ovarian cancer risk factors. However, the researchers identify some limitations.
Fast facts about ovarian cancer in the US
- In 2014, an estimated 21,980 new cases and 14,270 deaths due to ovarian cancer will occur
- Around 1.3% of women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer at some point in their lives
- In 2011, there were an estimated 188,867 women living with ovarian cancer in the US.
For example, the mean cumulative dietary flavonoid intakes were calculated from recent US Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases with input from other sources, but flavonoid contents can vary in foods, depending on growth and processing conditions.
Additionally, while the team adjusted for possible confounders linked with ovarian cancer risk, they say there was still the possibility of "residual confounding from unmeasured factors."
Still, they add that "because of our detailed and updated adjustment for potential confounders, it was unlikely that these would have accounted fully for the observed results."
Theirs is the first study to assess the six major flavonoid subclasses in a normal diet and look at it in terms of ovarian cancer risk, and it was also the first study to look into the impact of polymers and anthocyanins, they note.
The team concludes that "higher intakes of flavonols and flavanones as well as black tea consumption may be associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer," but they add that additional prospective studies are needed to confirm their results.
Medical News Today recently reported on a potential personalized vaccine to treat ovarian cancer, stemming from a new technique that identifies protein mutations in cancer cells.


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Large VCOP Display Poster
Alternative versions
Scremerston Oct 18th
Hi there, could we please have an A4 cursive version too? Thanks.
thomas.l-Twinkl Oct 18th
Hi Scremerston-First-School,
I'll see what we can do for you! Thanks for commenting :)
Joe.M@Twinkl Oct 20th
Hi there Scremerston-First-School,
We have done this for you and sent the new resource in an email, I hope you enjoy using it! It will also be available on the website for download soon.
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Catsykes Oct 11th
To make a display for my classroom
Adarsta Aug 19th
This looks brilliant. Please may we have a cursive version?
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I'll see what we can do for you! Thanks for commenting :)
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Hi thereAdarsta,
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tobiakin Aug 19th
Could you make this A4? I would my class to have it in their toolboxes.
carrie-Twinkl Aug 19th
HI tobiakin, thank you for your review, I have passed your request for this resource to be A4 size on to our resource team to see what they can do for you. :)
sophie.h-Twinkl Aug 13th
Hi there tobiakin, thanks for your comment! We now have an A4 version. :)
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Large VCOP Display Poster - A set of handy large display posters featuring four points that are important for improving your children's writing. Perfect for your V.C.O.P. classroom display!
This resource is available in Large 2 x A4, Large 4 x A4, Large 2 x A3, Cursive, A4, Cursive and Standard.
- Twinkl added Cursive Version on Oct 21st
- Twinkl added Large A4 Version on Sep 14th
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- Twinkl added Cursive Version on Aug 21st
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
A selection of articles related to elses.
Original articles from our library related to the Elses. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Elses.
- Conditional love – Possessive relationships
- Whilst unconditional love freely flows inside out, conditional love sets its terms and is directed inwardly. Conditional love sends out messages like this: "I have done so much for you, so now you should do this for me." Or "I need your attention, your...
Body Mysteries >> Relationships
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- 50 Cent Says He Posed With Someone Else's Money In Photos, Or Was It Counterfeit?
- 50 Cent is trying to convince the court that he is in a serious struggle with bankruptcy right now, but then he contradicts himself by posting Instagram pictures with piles of cash.
- Killing Someone Else's Beloved
- The crowd that gathered in an airplane hangar in the desert roared with excitement when the man on stage vowed to murder women and children. It was just another Donald Trump campaign event, and the candidate had affirmed his previously made pledge ...
- What Made Einstein's Brain Different From Everyone Else's?
- Albert Einstein was resident scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study. (Image: Creative Commons). In what ways might Einstein's brain biology have been different from average?
- Killing Someone Else's Beloved: The American Way of War in Campaign 2016
- Apparently you and I are meant to consider all those accidental killings as mere "collateral damage," or else we're not meant to consider them at all.
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Eirin, Alfonsoa; Williams, Barbara J.a; Ebrahimi, Behzada; Zhang, Xina; Crane, John A.a; Lerman, Amirb; Textor, Stephen C.a; Lerman, Lilach O.a,b
Background: Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renal revascularization with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stenting (PTRS) may reverse RVHT but may not fully regress cardiac remodeling and damage, possibly due to persistent myocardial insults. Bendavia is a mitochondrial targeted peptide that reduces ischemic cardiomyopathy by improving mitochondrial function. However, its potential for attenuating residual myocardial damage after reversal of RVHT has not been explored. We hypothesized that treatment with Bendavia as an adjunct to PTRS would improve cardiac function and oxygenation, and decrease myocardial injury in swine RVHT.
Methods and results: After 6 weeks of RVHT (unilateral renal artery stenosis) or control, pigs underwent PTRS (or sham), with adjunct continuous infusion of Bendavia (0.05 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min before to 3.5 h after PTRS) or vehicle (n = 7 each). Four weeks later, systolic and diastolic function were assessed by multidetector computed tomography, myocardial oxygenation by blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, and myocardial morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fibrosis evaluated ex vivo. PTRS restored blood pressure in both groups, yet E/A ratio remained decreased. Myocardial oxygenation and mitochondrial biogenesis improved, and myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis normalized in association with improvement in diastolic function in RVHT + PTRS + Bendavia animals.
Conclusion: Adjunct Bendavia during PTRS in swine RVHT improved diastolic function and oxygenation and reversed myocardial tissue damage. This approach may allow a novel strategy for preservation of cardiac function and structure in RVHT.
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This cake was for a kindergarten class Christmas party and PE was the theme. Was so wonderful when I delivered it as all the kids were dressed in there pajamas, ready for the party....they all wanted their picture taken with the cake....every minute of hard work paid off in that moment!
You did a beautiful job..sounds like my kind of party :wink:
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The Edit List - May 2005
- Paranoia Agent Episode 01 (May 30)
- Samurai Champloo Episode 02 (May 24)
- Samurai Champloo Episode 01 (May 18)
- Fullmetal Alchemist Episodes 1-4 (May 9)
2005 [17]
November 2005 [2]
October 2005 [1]
September 2005 [1]
August 2005 [2]
June 2005 [6]
May 2005 [4]
January 2005 [1]
2004 [28]
December 2004 [1]
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September 2004 [6]
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2003 [133]
December 2003 [1]
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September 2003 [19]
August 2003 [35]
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June 2003 [12]
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April 2003 [23]
March 2003 [11]
February 2003 [8]
January 2003 [1]
2002 [70]
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April 2002 [9]
March 2002 [15]
February 2002 [22]
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2001 [47]
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November 2001 [11]
October 2001 [9]
September 2001 [4]
August 2001 [5]
July 2001 [6]
June 2001 [2]
Attack on Titan Anthology Giveaway
We're giving away 6 copies of the New York Comic-Con Exclusive Edition of The Attack on Titan Anthology, including one copy signed by the artists and writers! ― Our wonderful friends at Kodansha Comics have given us 6 copies of the New York Comic-Con Exclusive Edition of The Attack on Titan Anthology, including one copy signed by the artists and writers! It's the "most anticipated title of the year" ...
This Week in Games - Exist Archive
The Nintendo Switch is here! Plus: Dustin digs deep into Exist Archive, a gorgeous new Valkyrie Profile-style RPG. ALSO: Red Dead Redemption 2, World of Final Fantasy and more! ― First things first, let's get this out of the way: the teaser video for the Nintendo Switch, Nintendo's next console, is here. Watch it, absorb it, really give it some thought, and you'll get my full reaction next week. Movi...
High School DxD BorN BD+DVD
As High School DxD enters its third season, does it still have enough juice to satisfy thirsty fanservice fans? Theron Martin has the answers. ― Based on its first two anime installments, High School DxD is the standard-setter and reigning champ for raunchy harem franchises. Despite being plagued by some production and storytelling issues, its third season does little to dethrone it. The main problem...
Answerman - Do Dubs Really Contain More Swearing?
Sometimes you hear it said that english dubs contain more swearing than a faithful translation would provide; is there any truth to that? Justin looks into it. ― Eric asks: So I have an acquaintance who says he prefers to watch subbed anime over English dubs because the English translators add too many swears to the dialogue. Now I usually don't care why people prefer dubs or subs (and in this case ...
Sword Art Online: Hollow Realization delivers original story and characters for the SAO universe
Bandai Namco Games is set to launch the latest Sword Art Online video game, Sword Art Online: Hollow Realization very soon. The game launches in Japan on October 27. Fans in Europe and North America won't have to wait much longer; the game will be released in those regions on November 8. Hollow Realization is set after the events of Lost Song and takes players back to the world of Ainground, a rev...
What's A Light Novel?
Light novel adaptations have overwhelmed the anime industry for years - but what's a "light novel", anyway? Who writes them, who reads them, and how did they come to dominate anime? ― Light novels are some of the most common sources of anime adaptations today. While light novels have served as a basis for anime for many years (think of titles like Slayers and The Record of Lodoss War), they have beco...
Thunderbolt Fantasy Episodes 1-13 Streaming
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The creator of Korosensei, that iconic grinning yellow face from the smash hit manga and anime Assassination Classroom, sits down to discuss his career, his influences, and his thoughts on classroom bullying. ― Yusei Matsui does wonders with weird creatures. His widely successful Assassination Classroom poses an inventive battle: misfit students take on a Koro-sensei, a grinning yellow alien who thr...
Vice & Luna Bonus Round
just for fun
Vice's scary story falls short, so it's up to Luna to bring the real terror! ― Editor's Note: Vice & Luna will return to regular story pages next week!
Blood Blockade Battlefront BD+DVD
Now that a limited edition release has finally made its way stateside, how does Studio Bones' ambitiously bizarre action series hold up? Jacob Chapman takes a look. ― It seems like an impossible task to pick out the one strangest thing about Blood Blockade Battlefront, even if you limited yourself to the very first episode. The show kicks off by ripping open its universe and ushering every supernatur...
Answerman - Why Is Japan's Population Declining?
Japan's declining population comes up from time to time in anime - but why is it happening? Justin gets into the basics, and how it impacts the anime industry. ― Jake asks: One thing I have heard about for well over a decade is that Japans population as a whole has been shrinking since the end of the 1980's. That fewer people are getting married and having less, if any, children than there parents a...
Shelf Life - The Perfect Insider
Is the Perfect Insider a perfect mystery or just a perfect mess? Paul Jensen weighs in. Plus, all this week's new anime releases! ― I had a literal "Shelf Life" moment this week: I put together a small bookcase that I'd bought for my apartment a while ago. It looks pretty decent as long as you ignore the fact that I put the fake wood back piece on backwards so the cheesy cardboard side faces out. Cl...
Asterisk War: The Academy City on the Water [Limited Edition] Blu-Ray 1
The Asterisk War anime was the first version of this story to reach the west, but is it the best one? Rebecca Silverman weighs in. ― The first version of The Asterisk War to make it to the west is also the last one to see a physical release – the 2015 anime series. Aniplex of America's release of the first six episodes on Blu-Ray, which also includes a music CD of various BGM pieces remixed into a si...
The Fall 2016 Anime Preview Guide
The Fall 2016 Anime Preview Guide has begun! Check back daily for fresh previews of every new show this season!
Available Now: Girlish Number - Fall 2016 Short Anime - Magic of Stella - March comes in like a lion - Occultic; Nine - Poco's Udon World - Long Riders - ClassicaLoid - Kiss Him, Not Me! - Haikyu! Season 3 - Drifters - Lostorage incited WIXOSS - ALL OUT!! - Keijo!!!!!!! - FLIP FLAPPERS - Brave Witches - and much more!
Available Now: Girlish Number - Fall 2016 Short Anime - Magic of Stella - March comes in like a lion - Occultic; Nine - Poco's Udon World - Long Riders - ClassicaLoid - Kiss Him, Not Me! - Haikyu! Season 3 - Drifters - Lostorage incited WIXOSS - ALL OUT!! - Keijo!!!!!!! - FLIP FLAPPERS - Brave Witches - and much more!


text:
John Naughton 5 months ago on Publisher leaves empty space
Publisher leaves empty space
Pat, everyone knew Mr. Belluzzi, auto shop teacher and Coach Hardt. A big influence on a lot of young men's lives.
John Naughton 5 months, 2 weeks ago on Game & Fish crashes Tonto Basin fundraiser
Game & Fish crashes Tonto Basin fundraiser
Mr. Jones, How about lightening up a bit. This is about as far off the point as is possible for a simple mistake.
John Naughton 7 months, 3 weeks ago on Payson's pipeline project progresses
Payson's pipeline project progresses
Mrs. Randall, The article says that the thinning project will prevent the flow of debris into the lake due to a large crown fire, not cause it
John Naughton 8 months, 2 weeks ago on New ASU campus in Mesa?
New ASU campus in Mesa?
Gosh, could mean ASU is expanding! Of course, the news last night said Mesa and ASU have been in discussions for years. Probably a lie.
John Naughton 8 months, 4 weeks ago on Brand new buildings, cheerful children
Brand new buildings, cheerful children
Mr. Don Evans, A post of yours was removed as it was in very poor taste.
John Naughton 9 months, 2 weeks ago on Planned charter school not a good fit for Payson
Planned charter school not a good fit for Payson
Concernededucator Please sign in through our new user portal and get confirmed. You may then repost your comments.
John Naughton 10 months ago on MERRY CHRISTMAS!
Thanks, Ron. Semper Fi!
John Naughton 10 months ago on MERRY CHRISTMAS!
Merry Christmas, Tom!
John Naughton 10 months ago on Would you like to see a town park on the new university site?
Would you like to see a town park on the new university site?
Rob Ingram, chair and Rory Huff, vice-chair of the Parks, Recreation and Tourism Commission wants either the town to purchase or raise private donations to purchase some land. Here's a link to our story.
John Naughton 10 months, 1 week ago on Legal thicket
Legal thicket
Mr. Hansel, The 253 acres is naturally divided, mostly by topography. The original footprint, essentially down the center of the property, for the university site has not changed. ALA charter school has proposed leasing some 10 acres on a corner of the 253 acres. The rumor being spread by distractors of the entire project that the university project has now become a K-8 charter school is just plain silly.
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Gallo Signature Series Cabernet Sauvignon
Sku: 212736
For the "king of reds, Gina looked to Napa Valley to craft a rich Cabernet Sauvignon. The addition of William Hill Estate Vineyard to our familys collection of vineyards gave Gina the opportunity to work with Cabernet grapes from an extraordinary benchland property in southern Napa. Blending this Cabernet with Petit Verdot and Petite Sirah grapes from Monte Rosso, our legendary mountaintop vineyard in Sonoma Valley, Gina made a robust, elegant wine to complement the Burgundy-style varietals in the Gallo Signature Series.
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Justin Syrah 2010, Paso Robles
California, Usa
$36.95 (684290)
Deep ruby in the glass with big, spicy, dark fruit notes of blackberry jelly, black cherry, spiced plum, chocolate mousse, peppercorns and vanilla. Mouthfilling with a gorgeous velvety texture, and impressive grace. Long, smooth finish. You could cellar this wine 5+ years, or enjoy it now with flavourful beef dishes, from steak fajitas to prime rib. (VINTAGES panel, Jan. 2013)
Critic Reviews (2)
This is terrific - a 100% unfined/unfiltered syrah aged in French oak, and it's very much in the northern Rhone idiom...Sign In to see Critic Reviews. Not a Member? Please Sign Up.
Subdued nose; sweet, jammy-raisined fruit flavour on the palate, hot, burning alcohol (15.5%) and short finish. Over...Sign In to see Critic Reviews. Not a Member? Please Sign Up.


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Nation Watching Jefferson County School Board RaceIn Jefferson County an election to recall three school board members will be closely watched because it could impact school districts around the country. That's why it's drawing national attention and money.
Alert Ken Caryl Residents Helped Catch A Dangerous ManAlert residents helped authorities catch a dangerous man in the Ken Caryl neighborhood over the weekend thanks to Jefferson County's use of the Code Red system.
Plague Confirmed In Squirrel Found In GoldenA squirrel in Golden tested positive for the plague and the public is on alert.
Vandals Slash Tires Again In Jeffco NeighborhoodVandals have once again struck cars in a Jefferson County neighborhood.
Man Suspected Of Assaulting Woman He Met Online, Investigators Search For More VictimsJefferson County authorities say they're investigating a man suspected of sexually assaulting at least one woman after meeting her online.
Sinkhole Closes S. Simms St. In Jefferson CountyA large sinkhole has closed South Simms Street to traffic in Jefferson County.
Jefferson County Scraps Plans For Proposed Halfway House Near FairgroundsJefferson County has scrapped plans for a proposed halfway house near a neighborhood and the fairgrounds after nearby residents protested.
Search Crews Find 21-Year-Old Missing Hiker's BodySearch crews searching for a young man who went hiking Wednesday afternoon-- found his body on Thursday afternoon.
Hash Oil Explosion Suspect Told Police He Learned The Process OnlineA man suspected of starting a hash oil explosion that damaged the apartment he was living in with his two children told police he learned about the process online.
Strong Winds Could Have Spread Intentionally-Set Fires In Jefferson CountyStrong winds could have rapidly spread several grass fires intentionally set in Jefferson County.
Jeffco Evacuates Area Near Leyden DamSome Jefferson County residents living near Leyden Dam were voluntarily evacuated on Thursday evening.
Man Who Admitted To Threatening President Avoids Jail In Other Threat CaseA Westminster man who pleaded guilty to threatening President Barack Obama and Colorado children made a plea deal to get out of federal custody and will only serve probation.


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Presque Isle State Park will mark Winter Trails Day Jan. 11 with four naturalist-led nature hikes. Each hike is free, doesn't require registration and will last around 2 hours. Attend one hike or multiple hikes. Hike 1: Meet at 9 a.m. the Presque Isle Lighthouse parking lot for a 2.5-mile hike along Sidewalk Trail. Hike…
Feb. 9 is Snowman in the Forest Day at Cook Forest State Park. Join in the snowman-building contest if you like, but plan for a day of other winter activities at the Sawmill Center for the Arts complex on Forest Road: 11:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m.: Horse-drawn carriage rides, sledding, snowman-building contest, K-9 rescue demos, face painting,…
Herb Stevens, the Skiing Weatherman, filed his weekend forecast for the New York resorts ahead of a forecast storm that could make conditions optimal for the state's slopes. Peek'n Peak is likely to get moderate fresh snowfall and Holiday Valley and HoliMont will get boosts in an already snowy week.
Peek'n Peak is just one of the western New York resorts rich with packed powder after this week's snowfall. Holiday Valley, Kissing Bridge, Swain and Holimont also offer sweet conditions for the weekend, according to Herb Stevens, the Skiing Weatherman: The Skiing Weatherman – Western New York – 01/24 from Jux House Media on Vimeo.
The weather hasn't been cooperative around Erie this week, but over the New York border Peek'n Peak is operating 27 trails and five lifts. Herb Stevens, the Skiing Weatherman, touches on manmade snow, the Peek, Holiday Valley and other resorts and topics close to every skier's heart in this week's conditions report for western New…
Herb Stevens, the Skiing Weatherman, says all that snow that western New York resorts made recently will pay off this weekend as the weather heats up. The Acrobag is in place at Peek'n Peak, and 98 percent of Holiday Valley's trails are open. The Skiing Weatherman – Western New York – 01/10/13 from Jux House…


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Office of Public Safety & Emergency Management
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Campus Police - Biographies
Communications Specialist Will Pollard
Communications Specialist (CS) Will Pollard is a valuable member of the Office of Public Safety and has been with us for the last 5 years. Will is the day time Communications Specialist in the Emergency Communications Center (ECC) and handles myriad of tasks. Will is the primary person who coordinates the access control for UDC. If you have a ONEcard ID, most likely Will produced it.


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Copa Holdings SA (NYSE:CPA)
Q2 2008 Earnings Call
August 14, 2008 11:30 am ET
Joseph Putaturo - Director of Investor Relation
Pedro Heilbron - Chief Executive Officer
Victor Vial - Chief Financial Officer
Jim Parker - Raymond James
(Nick Howell) - Morgan Stanley
Daniela Bretthauer - Goldman Sachs
Keith Weissman - Calyon Securities
Steve Trent - Citigroup
Michael Lindenberg - Merrill Lynch
Please standby we are about to begin. Ladies and gentlemen thank you for standing by and welcome to Copa Holdings Second Quarter 2008 Earnings Call. During the presentation all participants will be in a listen only mode. Afterwards we will conduct a question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions). As a remainder this call is being webcast and recorded on August 14, 2008.
And now I would like to turn the conference over to Mr. Jo Putaturo, Director of Investor Relation. Sir, please go ahead.
Joseph Putaturo - Director of Investor Relation
Thank you very much operator and welcome everyone to our second quarter earnings call. Joining us today are Pedro Heilbron, CEO of Copa Holdings and Victor Vial, Chief Financial Officer.
First, we will open up with an overview of our second quarter highlights, followed by Victor, who will discuss our financial results. Immediately after, we'll open up the call for questions from analysts. We kindly request if you could limit yourself to one question with a good brief followup so we can accommodate most questions.
In today's call, we'll discuss non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of non-GAAP to GAAP financial measures can be found in our second quarter earnings release, which is been posted on the company's website Copaair.com.
In addition, our discussion will contain forward-looking statements not limited to historical facts that reflect the Company's current beliefs, expectations or intentions regarding future events or results.
These forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and are based on assumptions that are subject to change. Many of these risks and uncertainties are discussed in our Annual Report filed with the SEC.
Now, I would like to turn the call over to our CEO, Pedro Heilbron.
Pedro Heilbron – Chief Executive Officer
Thank you, Joe. Good morning and thank you for participating in our second quarter earnings call. First of all, I would like to thank and congratulate all of our co-workers for delivering another very solid quarter. We continue to delivering this relating result perhaps with effort and commitment. As you know, these are difficult time for our industry. Unfortunately all initiatives our team has made in the past and their continued focus in the future are paying up now. Our result would most likely be very different today if we did not have one of the youngest and most efficient seat in the America, if we had not sit in place through a conservation and other technological initiatives such as the early adoption of Blended Winglet in our Boeing and Embraer fleet, and pioneering the implementation in our region. If we had not invested n our pilot trading center which has allowed to recruit and develop pilots locally. If we have not developed the most convenient network for intra-Latin American and travel, all of our coworkers were not continuously looking for cost efficiencies without sacrificing our award winning customer experience.
These are only a few of initiatives that despite today's difficult environment for the industry allow our company to consistently deliver industry leading financial and operational result.
With this said, I am pleased to highlight that for the second quarter Copa Holdings recorded net income of 30.4 million or diluted earnings per share of $0.70, despite a 56% year-over-year increase in fuel prices. This came as a result of exceptional revenue growth which increased nearly 27% above second quarter `07, on 11% capacity growth with Copa Airlines capacity growing 17% year-over-year, and we ended the quarter with a very healthy balance sheet and liquidity position.
On the operational front, Copa Airlines once again delivered leading on time performance and completion indicator with on time performance coming in at 89% and flight completion factored 99.7%.
Moving to second quarter, Copa Airlines took delivery of three aircraft two Embraer-190 in April and May, and a Boeing 737-800 in June. Copa Airlines currently have three to four aircraft with an average eight or four years, and Copa Holdings consolidated fleet including as of AeroRepublica currently compose of 52 aircraft.
In May AeroRepulica added new direct daily service to Caracas Venezuela from the Columbian fleets of Bogota and Marine. These two new routes to Caracas represent another step forward in AeroRepublica trend to increase its participation in Columbia to international market and its continued effort to provide more and better options for our passenger.
O n June30th, Copa Airlines announced new services from Panama and connecting cities to Belo Horizonte, Brazil beginning later this month. Also few days ago we announced service to three additional destination Valencia and Venezuela, Santa Cruz, Bolivia and Island of Aruba. With this destinations by the end of the year Copa Airlines will provide service to 45 destinations in 24 countries in the America. By far the most expensive and complete network for Intra Latin America travels. We continue to makeover half of the America the most exhaustive and convenient connecting point within our region.
More recently, and as part of our future growth plans in July Copa Airlines announced an order for two Boeing 737-800 aircraft to be delivered in 2010 and 2011. We now have a total of 13 front and 15 options in place for Boeing and Embraer Aircraft. Also in July Copa Airlines received its new Embraer 190 flight team leader become the first Latin American Airlines who have both Embraer 190 and Boeing 737 flight team leaders. This valuable trend device will now enable us to provide training to our Embraer cruse locally saving time and money.
Now looking at the current business environment, I am pleased to say that economic and the region continue to grow and we expect strong demand for the remainder of the year. Latest growth forecast for Latin American call for GDP growth of between 4 to 5% at Columbia expected to grow at 8 and 6% respectively. This help the economic backdrop have you let increasing load factors with Copa Airline which represents the both of our capacity coming in with the load factor of 78% during what traditionally its our low season quarter.
Looking ahead at the third quarter, we continue to see healthy traffic numbers. In fact, on Monday we released our July traffic figures where Copa Holdings load factor increase almost one percentage point to 81%. With our core business Copa Airlines coming it close to 85% on a 15% capacity growth. This strong underline demand is facilitating revenue management initiatives and setting these stage for good top line performance in the third quarter which will helpless in the impact of incremental cost related to extraordinary run up in fuel during the quarter.
We are extremely pleased about the new environment and the performance of the company. Keep in mind that Copa Airlines network has increased from 30 to 41 destinations in the past two years and accumulated significant capacity growth. We are still delivering industry leading margins as well as still operational performance.
In addition we maintain a very solid balance sheet with ample liquidity and adequate leverage. So over the industry as the whole it's facing a difficult situation, we are well positioned to Weatherly strong and come out ahead. We remain now more than ever focused on the long term growth and profitability of the company. Our strong financial and compare it that position at flexibility as in the past to gain distance from our competitors and strengthen even more our position. In fact our previous operational plan did not contemplate the opening of the Aruba, Valencia and Santa Cruz during the second half of this year. The anticipated launch of this new destinations are considered effort to see the opportunity to further consolidate our network in half. Copa will now be serving five new destinations this year.
Third Port of Spain which we began in March, so far load factors have exceeded our initial expectations and we're already planning to increase frequencies from (inaudible) to daily later this year. Our second destination Belo Horizonte Brazil which we will begin service to this month will be our fourth Brazilian destination. Even though the third largest city in Brazil within metropolitan area population an excess 5 million is not well connected to a region especially for Central America and the Caribbean. Aruba complementary network nicely special in South America where it's a very popular destination.
Our fourth destination plan for this year is Valencia Venezuela, Valenica would have population of 1.5 million so the third Venezuelan city after Caracas and Marcaibo, and one of the country's main economic centers containing some of it's top industries and manufacturing companies. And finally, Santa Cruz Bolivia will represent Copa 20th South American destination. Santa Cruz and is another important cities which is also not well connected with our region. It is the most popular city in Bolivia as well as the capital of one of its most productive departments.
Our current operation plan Copa Airlines holds for capacity group of 17% compared to our previous growth forecast of 19%. This select reduction comes partly as a result of optimizing capacity in multiple frequency destinations during our low season month, as well as some delays in obtaining alternative services and ramping up service for flight we are planning -- we were planning to start earlier in the year.
With regards to AeroRepublica we expect the capacity reduction of a approximately 9% compared to 2007, mainly as a result of changes in the operational plans driven by the reduction in frequencies and some marginal domestic routes even impressing fuel prices throughout the downgrade to Embraer-190.
In terms of financial results for the second quarter AeroRepublica reported a 2.8 million operating loss and while it's seasonally its weakest quarter. Although top line growth was healthy the airlines operating results were affected by increase fuel cost and the timing of major overhaul events related to MD-80 fleet. However, given the dynamic and seasonality of the Columbian market, we still expect AeroRepublica to come in with an operating profit for the year, despite record high fuel prices and still flying approximately half of the ASM in less deficient MD-80, which as we have mentioned are due to exit entirely before the end of the next year.
So to recap, Copa Holdings second quarter was marked by healthy demand and capacity growth, strong yields for both Copa and AeroRepublica, a challenging through tough environment and continued execution and strengthening of our business model.
Looking ahead although we expect margins to be affected as a result of continued record high fuel prices, we believe the outlook for the year is still very positive on a standalone and even more on a relative basis.
As I mentioned before we remained confident on our ability to continue driving unit revenues higher to mitigate this adverse fuel cost environment. This will be driven to a large extent by the continued preference of our network for Intra-Latin America travel.
So thank you. Now I will turn it over to Victor, who will go over our second quarter financial results.
Victor Vial - Chief Financial Officer
Thank you Pedro and good morning every one. Thanks again for joining us. Let me start again by joining Pedro in thanking all the men and women in our team for their efforts and especially for wavering commitment to running a world class airlines.
I'm pleased to report that despite record high fuel prices our team delivered another quarter of solid results with Copa Holdings net earnings for the second quarter reaching approximately $30.4 million, which translate to diluted earnings per share of $0.70. Second quarter results were achieved in spite 56% year-over-year increase in the price of a jet fuel, which mitigated its average $3.47 per gallon in Q2 '08 compared to 2.22 in Q2 '07, resulting in $37 million of additional fuel expense.
We continued expanding capacity during the quarter with Copa Airlines which accounted for 83% of Copa Holdings total available seat miles delivering another quarter of strong growth with 17% year-over-year increase in ASMs.
Generally we continue to see strong demand for air travel and the markets we serve as economic growth in Panama as well as the rest of the region remains very strong. This allowed for another quarter of increased unit revenues at Copa Airlines where revenue for available seat mile, RASM climbed nearly 12% year-over-year driven by higher low factors which reached 78.3% for the quarter together with an outstanding 9.4% increase in yields.
AeroRepublica, which accounted for the 17% of Copa Holdings totally a cents decrease available seat miles of 10% compared to the second quarter of '07. Passengers revenue backing of miles decreased 4.3%. Consequently AeroRepublica load factor in Q2 '08 is slow season quarter increased 3.4 percentage points to 56%.
Unit revenues at AeroRepublica increased nearly 30% mainly due to stronger yield which showed an 18% increase compared to Q2 '07, most of these yield gains were the result of the strengthening of the Columbian currency against the US dollar on a year-over-year basis.
Yield on load factor gains led to higher operating revenues for Copa Holding, which for the quarter generated $298 million of operating revenues or 27% increase over Q2 '07. both segments showed strong revenue growth with Copa Airlines operating revenues increasing 31%, while AeroRepublica delivered a 16% increase. Passenger revenue for Copa Holdings which accounted for 94% of total operating revenues, so an increase of 27% from $221 million in Q2 '07 to 281 million in Q2 '08.
On the expense side, operating expenses increased 36% year-over-year or approximately $70 million, while unit cost or cost for available seat mile capital increased 22% year-over-year to $12.07.
However, excluding fuel unit cost increased 6.9% year-over-year to $7.08 mostly as a result of additional MD-80 maintenance events, a stronger Columbian currency and the effect of downgrading to an Embraer-190 fleet at AeroRepublica.
Now turning to Copa Holdings main operating expenses compared to the second quarter of 2007, fuel expense increased 75% driven by an 11.7% increase in gallons consumed due to increased capacity and a 56% increase in the average cost of fuels net gains.
Salaries and benefits increased 13%, mainly as a result of an overall increase in operating headcount to support increased capacity and the effect of the Columbian currency appreciation.
Passenger servicing increased 23% driven by an increase in passengers carried by Copa Airlines, more international service offered by AeroRepublica and the effect of the Columbian currency appreciation. Commissions increased 6% for more part a result of a 27% increase in passenger revenue, mostly offset by a lower average commission rate in both Copa Airlines and AeroRepublica.
Reservation and sales increased 19% mainly due to more passengers carried by Copa Airlines. Maintenance, materials and repairs increased 21% mainly due to more scheduled major maintenance events at AeroRepublica related to their MD-80 fleet.
Depreciation increased 23% due to additional aircraft repairs. Aircraft rental increased 29% primarily related to least aircraft supplemental rent and additional least Embraer 190 at AeroRepublica. And on flight operations, landing fees and other rentals combined increased 33% mainly as the result of increased capacity and higher crew related expenses.
Other operating expenses increased $1.6 million or 12.5% year-over-year and other non-operating income and expense totaled a net operating income of $2.7million. The main component of which are net interest expense of $6.7 million and a $5.7 million gain related to mark-to-market fuel hedge contracts.
In terms of operating earnings the company produced $31.2 million of operating profit a $7.8 million decrease compared to Q2 '07, while operating margin came in at 10.5%. The recently Santa flight job compared to Q2 '07 we're extremely pleased with a capacity of our business model to continue delivering margins that are not only industry leading today, but would be consider outstanding before fuel prices became a major concern for the industry.
With respect to fuel hedges Copa Holdings had 18% of the second quarter volume hedge to jet fuel swaps and crude oil collars, and 25% for the second half of the year using the same instruments. We have also hedged a portion of our `09 volume having hedged 25, 19 and 10% respectively for the first three quarters of next year.
Now moving on to our balance sheet, assets and owners equity at the other quarter reached 1.9 billion and a 592 million respectively, while debt and capitalized leases totaled $1.2 billion.
Bank debt at the end of the quarter totaled $896 million 45% is US bank guaranteed debt. 41% of our total debt for 12 years and the average blended rate including fixed and veritable rate debts for the second quarter came in at a very competitive 4.3%. In terms of liquidity the company maintains a strong position with $347 million in cash and cash equivalent at the end of the second quarter, which translates to approximately 30% over the last 12 months revenue.
So in summary demand for air travel continue to strong, our model continues to deliver healthy margin despite record high fuel prices. We are pleased with our ability to continue growing our top line fuel and load factor gains, our liquidity position balance here are very solid and we will maintain our focus as always in expanding our networks profit earnings.
Looking forward to the rest of 2008 and based on our revised outlook for jet fuel prices, we are bidding our 2008 guidance as follows. We are revising our full year capacity guidance of $9.1 billion to plus or minus 8.8 billion, which compared to 7.9 billion as a cents in '07 for an 11% year-over-year consolidated growth.
On a segment basis, Copa Airlines would be growing at 17% year-over-year while AeroRepublica will decrease 9% as a result of rationalizing domestic capacity and downgrading to an Embraer-190 fleet.
We are increasing our load factor from 75% to 76% also approximately 74% in `07 as we expect demand for travel to continue strong for the remainder of the year. We anticipate a healthy fair environment as such our RASM guidance has bee revised from $0.14.2 to plus or minus $0.14.6 compared to $0.13 in `07 for a 12% year-over-year increase.
In terms of unit cost we are maintaining CASM- ex-fuel guidance at $0.7.5 compared to $0.7.1 in `07 despite of a slight capacity reduction in our current guidance and lastly we are maintaining our operating margin guidance in the range of 15 to 17% compared to 19.2% last year. Though we now expect to come in at the lower end of this range as we are now assuming an average price for jet fuel for year of $3.17 US force compared to the 298 in our previous guidance. With that I will turn over to Pedro for closing remarks
Pedro Heilbron
Thank you, Victor. And again thank you all for joining us today. At this time we will be happy to open up the call for questions.
Question-and-Answer Session
Thank you, sir. (Operator Instruction). We will take our first question today from Jim Parker with Raymond James.
Jim Parker
Good morning gentlemen. Just quick question. Victor, it appears that you will have a bit more pricing power than most airlines and that you have been able to raise fares sufficient to offset much of the increase in fuel prices. I think in January at your Investor Day you indicated that perhaps 94% of the fuel price had been offset, where are we would fill at a 115 – have you fares than risen, raised sufficient to offset fuel at that level or how does that stand
Victor Vial
Somehow I know you will be the first one to ask the question and that in that will be first question you would ask to. Right now we are standing at around 70% or so, when you take in account not only the fuel surcharges, but also fares, because we managed both, and I think that's especially pleasing for all this that we have been able to do that and still we see very healthy load factors, so we haven't reached a point that this in point where e you raised fares and you start seeing demand decrease. So looking forward and what embedded in our guidance is that we expect to be able to keep passing the additional cost of fuel to our passengers and somewhere in the range of the 70 maybe a little bit higher than that to cover additional cost.
Jim Parker
Okay, I think Brian has a question as well.
Yeah, thanks just on the fuel hedge for the back half, I am wondering what the specific percentages are for the third quarter and the fourth quarter, and what price you're hedged at, and the 317 for the year does that include taxes and fees? Thanks.
Victor Vial
Yeah. For the third quarter we're hedged approximately 25% of our total volume, if you look at from our Copa Holdings prospective, and for the fourth quarter that's always in that range around 25%. We will be hedging using jet fuel swaps earlier on, and the contact we have with Jet fuel swaps have a range in the price of approximately 240 or so for both quarters more or less, and Jet fuel swap to be seen around 13% for the third quarter and 9% for the fourth quarter of the total volume that we have hedged jet fuel swaps. And recently what we have been doing more is hedging a crude oil collars given hard print that we've gotten to hedge, and we have around 13 to 15% of our volume in Q3 and that's what in Q4 hedge somewhere in the range of around $115 to $150 and that will be the with floor of 115 and ceiling of 150.
That's great thanks. And then just on a 317 is that including the taxes and fees in your guidance?
Victor Vial
No, that is US Gulf Coast.
Jim Parker
Okay, thank you.
Victor Vial
And we will take next question from (Nick Howell) with Morgan Stanley.
Hi guys first question has to do with change in guidance, is it right to say that its really the softness in Columbia that you abating the guidance change on that we're probably seeing less ASM increase in Columbia than we are seeing -- than we expected previously and. And then if you could comment just a little bit on the Columbia market in general, is AeroRepublica's performance reflected of what's going on the market or is doing better or worse and what's going on in the market particularly the incumbent carrier there and I am just curious to figure out whether what we are seeing in Columbia domestic market is and a weak market or a market that's doing okay, but maybe ARS is experiencing some problems?
Victor Vial
Thanks Nick this is Victor. In terms of capacity guidance, its basically coupled more with a Copa guidance, and its basically a function of two things one is as we mentioned in our first quarter earnings call we're going to do as much as we need to a optimizational capacity in the low season month and when fuel reaches a $130, $140 we are going to be aggressively looking, especially at markets where you have multiple frequencies. And as you can see in our load factors, our load factors are very healthy and we have made some adjustment that we expect to make some additional adjustment, but also beside optimizing capacity we had related an expected launch dates for Sundrop which someway are starting now, which were suppose to have quarter before and we are expecting some to start later in the fourth quarter and the impact has been to bring down ASMs from 9.1 to 8.8 billion ASM. So that's really what behind it on the Copa side and the AeroRepublica side.
Does that mean you are pushing off some capacity growth till next year, I mean, the more we delay or is it a change?
Victor Vial
It's a delay and basically what you will see next year is full year effect of what we are doing this year. So it will have an impact with a result of that.
Pedro Heilbron
And in terms of – this I Pedro, I think in terms of AR is doing, the domestic market in Columbia has not been growing that fast, its growing on 2.6% year-over-year in `08 and they did have a weak April, you saw that in the traffic release of April. Over wide AR has been doing okay, after that and even before that we just had a very, very weak April, but we are with their contribution to Copa segment and to Copa Holdings. And as they are growing more internationally we have been lately, we expect that contribution to increase and we will be even happy. So I think we are in the right track although, yeah, we had a weak April and we could have seen stronger results overall in the second quarter.
And what's your outlook there just generally speaking in Columbia next year and conditions improving or the currency situation brought a strong currency?
Pedro Heilbron
The currency situation its anybody get, the economy is doing well and the outlook for Columbia seems to be positive, you ask also for anyone else and we feel their interesting opportunities we are not growing capacity that much, actually we are reducing it a bit to explain and mainly due to the downgrade and we are going to keep it in the future pretty stable, we don't expect big changes there. So I think that will give them a lot of room to improve on their result. Also on the operational side they have been doing very well. And they're in fact reaching our standard. So we are still very bullish with what we've got. I had mentioned before their contribution to Copa Holdings is very valuable.
Excellent. Thank you.
And we will take our next question from Daniela Bretthauer with Goldman Sachs.
Daniela Bretthauer
Hi good morning. Just wanted to go back year-over-year environment I mean, so far you've done a pretty good job increasing your yield on a sequential basis in both year-on-year, but how much of fares have gone up year-to-date and how much is fuel surcharge mechanism?
Pedro Heilbron
I would say if you look at our second quarter RASM, for ASM and look at the increase so about half of that increase is a result of the fuel surcharge and the other half roughly is a result of increased fares, and obviously that's an average and it will depend on different markets?
Daniela Bretthauer
Okay. And how much more do you think your use can increase from where they are or where they ended in the first half?
Pedro Heilbron
For that invented in our full year guidance for RASM and we also gave you a low cycle , but directionally what I can tell you is that in the remainder of the year we expect yields to remain pretty steady. But keep in mind when you compare on a year-over-year basis third quarter last year you may recall we have validated management issue. Obviously you will see a big increase on our year-over-year raises for Q3, and then for Q4 you won't see that big gap, it will be more steady with having increased -- shown the increase that we shown in Q1 and Q2 over Q4.
Daniela Bretthauer
And your guidance, your operating margin guidance for full year, what sort of all you assumptions are you factoring to get there because I mean, obviously it looks a big challenging?
Victor Vial
Right now we are assuming at least 17 US Gulf Coast, and its based on the four curve of this rate, and we all know how that's been moving in the past, and a few weeks ago people already were talking about $180, $200 oil, and now that people are talking about $80 oil so, we will see.
Daniela Bretthauer
So if it's least damp then you're comfortable with the 16 to 17%?
Victor Vial
That's what we are basing our guidance on.
Daniela Bretthauer
And when does AeroRepublica -- last question, when does AeroRepublica actually because they had a loss, does it become trustable already in the third 3Q I mean, based on what you're seeing so far in July and August?
Victor Vial
Well the second half of the year it's a little stronger than the first half. So we have always seen and we expect an improvement during this third and fourth quarter, and I think we mentioned during the call that we're expecting that to have – to come in with a positive operating profit for the year.
Daniela Bretthauer
And also just – you had some lets say maintenance expenses in the second quarter, how much of that would you say, lets say non-recurring but higher than expected or do you think your non-fuel task can stabilized?
Company Representative
Victor is trying to see if we have any number with that. But a lot of it, to see if we can..
Daniela Bretthauer
There was an MD -80 and…
Pedro Heilbron
MD-80 stock is non-recurring to our point I mean, it will be non-recurring once the MD-80 have gone, it will begun by the end of '09, and what happened this year compared to last year was just a matter of timing, we've had a number of major airplane inspection and engine event that we did not have last year again, that's pure timing and we exit that fleet which would happen by the end of '09 we will be with an all new Embraer fleet where the maintenance inter also going to be longer. So we expect an improvement, we have a breakdown however…….
Victor Vial
Well, its early speaking what we can say is, in terms of the 190 where we place the MD-80, we expect the CASM obviously to be higher the result of the 190 having less seats. So its somewhere in the range of 11, 12% CASM versus the MD-80, however, on the flip cost per work over basis it will be around 20, 22, 23% lower than the MD-80. So we do expect to see the benefit of four Embraer-190 fleet as we give really not four MD-80s in the second half of next year.
Daniela Bretthauer
Great thanks.
And we will take our next question from Keith Weissman with Calyon Securities.
Keith Weissman
All my question have been answered. Thank you.
Thank you sir
Victor Vial
Thank you Keith, it sounds great.
(Operator Instruction). We will go next to Steve Trent with Citigroup
Steve Trent
Good morning gentlemen.
Victor Vial
Hi Steve
Pedro Heilbron
Hi Steve how are you?
Steve Trent
Hi, good thanks I am almost in the same board as Keith Weissman did not quite. Forgive me, I missed one piece of the call when you were talking about pilot, but just a quick question there looking at your plans going into these new routes sort of over the second half of this year, and in the 2009, could you just provide an update on your situation in terms of pilot availability and forgive me if I miss what you already said.
Pedro Heilbron
I actually did not mention that you saw intimated. Now, we have been very successful in hiring and training all the pilots we need. And in fact, that we now have two simulators here in pattern of both Embraer and the Boeing team leader gives us a lot of flexibility. So we are fine there, and we've solved that issue and we are being very successful again in hiring and training all the pilots when need.
Steve Trent
That heard from one or two my industry context that some of your competitors perhaps group of Taka have be one or two other guys have cut back a little bit. Are you seeing to some degree, some better availability as some of your competitors have may be lighten their employee ranks a little bit?
Pedro Heilbron
I mean, directly we have never hired away from them, and some of those competitors are trying different fleet, I am not sure we have been looking in the same fleets for pilot, but may be that has to do with a – overall that's happening in our industry worldwide, and the fact that we have strong result and we run a very good airline and we are basing and attract it concrete, so it maybe a combination of load factors makes it easier for us to find, train and retain the necessary pilots.
Steve Trent
Okay, fair enough thanks gentlemen.
Pedro Heilbron
Thanks Steve.
(Operator Instructions) We will go next to Michael Lindenberg with Merrill Lynch.
Michael Lindenberg
Yeah, good morning. Two questions and you may be said this I may have missed this. Victor I know you had given hedge information for the second half of 2008. Did you give hedge position for '09 as I recall you had a small position on an early '09 I just wanted to get an update on how things did?
Victor Vial
Yeah we do have some hedges already into '09. For the first quarter we have 25% of our total volume hedge, second quarter 19 and for third quarter 10%. And then mostly crude oil collars, which is what we have been doing recently given the price of hedges, and what we are doing we're going to continue, we're going to speak to our strategic hedge policy which I think is working quite well. Specially, in light of the cycle that we recover a significant portion of the additional cost to be our top line.
Michael Lindenberg
How much -- can you just give me a sense of the range of the collars even just rough ranges?
Victor Vial
Yeah it's in the range of a 115 on the floor and 150 or so on the ceiling.
Michael Lindenberg
Okay. And then my second question I noticed you took your RASM guidance up for the year, certainly a good thing and you talked about yields being strong in some of the commentary, I am just wondering as you develop the network and do you had add connectivity, are you seeing any shifting in the mix between business or leisure when you talk about the strong yields is it more of a function of some of the connecting markets or it just a local market to Canada, I am trying to get a better sense of what's driving the stronger results some -- you know if its more, but disproportionately one part of your system is business leisure connect versus low comp?
Victor Vial
We have been racing everything across the board.
Michael Lindenberg
Victor Vial
And it's – I don't think the emphasis has been one segment or the other in that – and when you look at the new routes we are announcing for this year and then starting with the one who started already. There are mainly business market for us, its somewhere has a leisure component, of course, we are always looking for that mix but they are mainly a business destination and even the leisure destination such as Aruba is kind of a high yield a high level destination. So now we have not seen significant changes in that mix you are mentioning.
Michael Lindenberg
Okay. Alright very good thank you.
Victor Vial
Alright thanks.
And gentlemen, it appears we have no further questions. I will turn the call back over to you for any additional or closing remarks.
Pedro Heilbron
Okay, thanks again. Rest assure that our team remains focused on the opportunities and challenges ahead and we look forward to having you back for our third quarter earnings call. Have a great day.
And that does conclude today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect at this time.
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