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Chapter 1. Biological Psychology: Scope and Outlook
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Jon Hamilton For a few days this week, a convention center in Chicago became the global epicenter of brain science. Nearly 30,000 scientists swarmed through the vast hallways of the McCormick Place convention center as part of the annual Society for Neuroscience meeting. Among them were Nobel Prize winners, the director of the National Institutes of Health, and scores of researchers regarded as the international rock stars of neuroscience. "It's amazing. I'm a bit overwhelmed," said Kara Furman, a graduate student from Yale who was attending her first Society for Neuroscience meeting. Furman was just one of several hundred neuroscientists I found standing in lines outside the center one afternoon, waiting for shuttle buses. She was pondering a presentation from a few hours earlier that she found "pretty mind-blowing." What was it about? "Using MRI techniques to access dopamine release at the molecular level," she told me, deadpan. Welcome to the five-day annual event that's become known simply as "The Neuro Meeting." It's where brain scientists from around the world come to present their own work and discover the "mind-blowing" research others are doing. And there are thousands of presentations to choose from. "I prepared an itinerary based on my interests and that ran into 20 pages," said Srinivas Bharath from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Bangalore, India. © 2015 npr
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21553 - Posted: 10.23.2015
By Melissa Dahl Next time you feel you are in danger of losing an argument, make some obscure reference to the brain. Any nod to neuroscience will do, even if it doesn't actually illuminate the problem at hand or prove anything that halfway resembles a point. People tend to find explanations that include references to the brain very convincing, even if those references are mostly nonsense, according to the latest episode of "Psych Crunch," a podcast hosted by psychologist (and Science of Us contributor) Christian Jarrett. Jarrett interviews Sara Hodges, a research psychologist at the University of Oregon and the co-author of a study published this May on the appeal of "superfluous neuroscience information." In it, Hodges and her colleagues presented students with a variety of explanations for various psychological phenomena. Some of these explanations were not really explanations at all, but rather just a restatement of the facts already presented. The students considered explanations for various quirks of human behavior from the fields of social science, biological science, and neuroscience, and rated how convincing they found each explanation. "The social sciences would refer to something about how people were raised, and the hard-science explanation referred to changes in DNA, the structure of DNA," Hodges explained to Jarrett. The neuroscience explanation, on the other hand, would pretty much just name an area of the brain thought to be associated with the behavior at hand and leave matters at that, without really explaining anything. Even still, Hodges said, the "neuroscience explanations always came out on top — better than no explanation, better than social science, better than the hard science." © 2015, New York Media LLC
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21552 - Posted: 10.23.2015
by Ben Cipollini Thanks to Ms. Amazing, it's now cliche to say, but hey… I really love SfN. For the uninitiated SfN is a thirty thousand person international conference for neuroscience–a conference so large, only a few cities in the US can handle it. Yes, that's a giant C-SPAN2 bus that's dwarfed by this small section of the "Great Room". For many, SfN evokes fear and dread; it's truly overwhelming in its size, breadth, and depth. For me, it was love at first "OM*G!!!". Don't believe me, scientists? Let's review the data: I loathe running, but I actually do it at SfN. One needs wheels to get from talks to posters to talks again. We filled the New Orleans convention center in 2012; it's so long you you can actually get directions from one end of it to the other on Google Maps. Yes, that map does say "1.0 kilometers". I hate crowds, but I will fight through the poster session crowds like a salmon heading upstream to spawn, just to get to one more poster before the end of the session. SfN may have more human traffic jams than China has vehicle jams during Golden week… but that won't stop me from finding out how callosal connections have properties similar to those of long-range lateral connections, or to understand how hemispherectomy affects functional organization. You'd better too; you never know when one of your research heroes might be presenting the poster, or you'll find yourself standing in front of a poster that winds up in Science just a few months later.
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21522 - Posted: 10.17.2015
By AUSTIN RAMZY HONG KONG — Australian officials have responded to criticism from animal rights activists and celebrities, including the former actress Brigitte Bardot and the singer Morrissey, that a government plan to protect threatened species by killing millions of feral cats is unnecessarily cruel. Gregory Andrews, Australia's threatened species commissioner, has written open letters to Ms. Bardot and Morrissey saying that feral cats prey on more than 100 of the country's threatened species and that they were a "major contributor" to the extinction of at least 27 mammal species in the country over the past 200 years. He called some of the extinct species, such as the lesser bilby, desert bandicoot, crescent nailtail wallaby and big-eared hopping mouse, "delightful creatures, rich in importance in Australian indigenous culture, and formerly playing important roles in the ecology of our country. We don't want to lose any more species like these." The Australian Department of the Environment says that feral cats are the biggest threat to the country's mammals, ahead of foxes and habitat loss. The government plan would use poison and traps to kill the cats. In announcing the plan in July, Greg Hunt, the environment minister, said that he wanted two million feral cats culled by 2020. Australia has an estimated 20 million feral cats, which are an invasive species brought by European settlers. Calls to exterminate the cats have been floated before, including one in the 1990s that called for killing all feral cats by 2020. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Animal Rights
Link ID: 21512 - Posted: 10.15.2015
By Martin Enserink Researchers who conduct animal studies often don't use simple safeguards against biases that have become standard in human clinical trials—or at least they don't report doing so in their scientific papers, making it impossible for readers to ascertain the quality of the work, an analysis of more than 2500 journal articles shows. Such biases, conscious or unconscious, can make candidate medical treatments look better than they actually are, the authors of the analysis warn, and lead to eye-catching results that can't be replicated in larger or more rigorous animal studies—or in human trials. Neurologist Malcolm MacLeod of the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh and his colleagues combed through papers reporting the efficacy of drugs in eight animal disease models and checked whether the authors reported four measures that are widely acknowledged to reduce the risk of bias. First, if there was an experimental group and a control group, were animals randomly assigned to either one? (This makes it impossible for scientists to, say, assign the healthiest mice or rats to a treatment group, which could make a drug look better than it is.) Second, were the researchers who assessed the outcomes of a trial—for instance, the effect of a treatment on an animal's health—blinded to which animal underwent what procedure? Third, did the researchers calculate in advance the sample size needed to show that they didn't just accumulate data until they found something significant? And finally, did they make a statement about their conflicts of interest? © 2015 American Association for the Advancement of Science
Keyword: Animal Rights; Attention
Link ID: 21507 - Posted: 10.14.2015
Carl Zimmer In recent years, a peculiar sort of public performance has taken place periodically on the sidewalks of Seattle. It begins with a woman named Kaeli N. Swift sprinkling peanuts and cheese puffs on the ground. Crows swoop in to feed on the snacks. While Ms. Swift observes the birds from a distance, notebook in hand, another person walks up to the birds, wearing a latex mask and a sign that reads "UW CROW STUDY." In the accomplice's hands is a taxidermied crow, presented like a tray of hors d'oeuvres. This performance is not surreal street theater, but an experiment designed to explore a deep biological question: What do crows understand about death? Ms. Swift has been running this experiment as part of her doctoral research at the University of Washington, under the guidance of John M. Marzluff, a biologist. Dr. Marzluff and other experts on crow behavior have long been intrigued by the way the birds seem to congregate noisily around dead comrades. Dr. Marzluff has witnessed these gatherings many times himself, and has heard similar stories from other people. "Whenever I give a talk about crows, there's always someone who says, 'Well, what about this?' " he said. Dr. Marzluff and Ms. Swift decided to bring some scientific rigor to these stories. They wanted to determine whether a dead crow really does trigger a distinctive response from living crows and, if so, what the purpose of the large, noisy gatherings might be. To run the experiment, Ms. Swift began by delivering food to a particular spot each day, so that the crows learned to congregate there to eat. Then one of her volunteers would approach the feast with a dead crow, and Ms. Swift observed how the birds reacted. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Intelligence; Evolution
Link ID: 21473 - Posted: 10.03.2015
Sara Reardon The brain's wiring patterns can shed light on a person's positive and negative traits, researchers report in Nature Neuroscience1. The finding, published on 28 September, is the first from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), an international effort to map active connections between neurons in different parts of the brain. The HCP, which launched in 2010 at a cost of US$40 million, seeks to scan the brain networks, or connectomes, of 1,200 adults. Among its goals is to chart the networks that are active when the brain is idle; these are thought to keep the different parts of the brain connected in case they need to perform a task. In April, a branch of the project led by one of the HCP's co-chairs, biomedical engineer Stephen Smith at the University of Oxford, UK, released a database of resting-state connectomes from about 460 people between 22 and 35 years old. Each brain scan is supplemented by information on approximately 280 traits, such as the person's age, whether they have a history of drug use, their socioeconomic status and personality traits, and their performance on various intelligence tests. Smith and his colleagues ran a massive computer analysis to look at how these traits varied among the volunteers, and how the traits correlated with different brain connectivity patterns. The team was surprised to find a single, stark difference in the way brains were connected. People with more 'positive' variables, such as more education, better physical endurance and above-average performance on memory tests, shared the same patterns. Their brains seemed to be more strongly connected than those of people with 'negative' traits such as smoking, aggressive behaviour or a family history of alcohol abuse. © 2015 Nature Publishing Group,
Keyword: Brain imaging; Intelligence
Link ID: 21457 - Posted: 09.29.2015
By David Grimm The journal Nature is revising its policy on publishing animal experiments after a study it ran in 2011 received criticism because the authors allowed tumors to grow excessively large in mice. The paper reported that a compound isolated from a pepper plant killed cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Yesterday, the journal published a correction to the study (the paper's second), which noted that "some tumors on some of the animals exceeded the maximum size … permitted by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee." The tumors were only supposed to grow to a maximum of 1.5 cubic centimeters, but some reached 7 cubic centimeters, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, Australia, who first raised concerns about the paper in 2012. (Vaux spoke to Retraction Watch, which first reported the correction.) In an editorial published yesterday, Nature calls the large tumors "a breach of experimental protocol," one that could have caused the mice to "have experienced more pain and suffering than originally allowed for." The journal also noted the lapse could have implications beyond the one study, saying that "cases such as this could provoke a justifiable backlash against animal research." Nature says it will now require authors to include the maximum tumor size allowed by its institutional animal-use committee, and to state that this size was not exceeded during the experiments. The journal does say, however, that it is not retracting the paper, and that the study remains "valid and useful."
Keyword: Animal Rights
Link ID: 21418 - Posted: 09.20.2015
James Gorman If spiders had nightmares, the larvae of ichneumonid wasps would have to star in them. The wasp lays an egg on the back of an orb weaver spider, where it grows fat and bossy, and occupies itself with turning the spider into a zombie. As Keizo Takasuka and his colleagues point out in The Journal of Experimental Biology, this is a classic case of "host manipulation." Using more colorful language, he described the larva turning the spider into a "drugged navvy." The larva forces the spider to turn its efforts away from maintaining a sticky, spiral web to catch prey, and to devote itself to building a safe and sturdy web to serve as a home for the larva's cocoon, in which it will transform itself into a wasp. This process was well known, but Dr. Takasuka and Kaoru Maeto at Kobe University, working with other Japanese researchers, wanted to explore how the wasp overlords controlled their spiders. They suspected that the larvae were co-opting a natural behavior of the spiders. Turning on a behavior already in the spiders' repertoire would be much easier than controlling every step of modifying a sticky web. So they compared the cocoon web to one that the spiders themselves build to rest in when they are molting. It's called a resting web. The similarities were striking. In both the resting and cocoon webs, the sticky, spiraling threads that make the webs of orb weavers so appealing were gone. Instead, the spokes of the web remained, decorated with fibrous spider silk that the researchers found reflected ultraviolet light. That would be a highly useful quality to warn away birds and some large insects from flying into the web because those creatures can see in the ultraviolet spectrum. The strength of the two silk webs was also similar. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Miscellaneous; Evolution
Link ID: 21403 - Posted: 09.14.2015
By GREGORY COWLES Oliver Sacks, the neurologist and acclaimed author who explored some of the brain's strangest pathways in best-selling case histories like "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat," using his patients' disorders as starting points for eloquent meditations on consciousness and the human condition, died on Sunday at his home in Manhattan. He was 82. The cause was cancer, said Kate Edgar, his longtime personal assistant. Dr. Sacks announced in February, in an Op-Ed essay in The New York Times, that an earlier melanoma in his eye had spread to his liver and that he was in the late stages of terminal cancer. As a medical doctor and a writer, Dr. Sacks achieved a level of popular renown rare among scientists. More than a million copies of his books are in print in the United States, his work was adapted for film and stage, and he received about 10,000 letters a year. ("I invariably reply to people under 10, over 90 or in prison," he once said.) Dr. Sacks variously described his books and essays as case histories, pathographies, clinical tales or "neurological novels." His subjects included Madeleine J., a blind woman who perceived her hands only as useless "lumps of dough"; Jimmie G., a submarine radio operator whose amnesia stranded him for more than three decades in 1945; and Dr. P. — the man who mistook his wife for a hat — whose brain lost the ability to decipher what his eyes were seeing. Describing his patients' struggles and sometimes uncanny gifts, Dr. Sacks helped introduce syndromes like Tourette's or Asperger's to a general audience. But he illuminated their characters as much as their conditions; he humanized and demystified them. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21361 - Posted: 08.31.2015
By BENEDICT CAREY The past several years have been bruising ones for the credibility of the social sciences. A star social psychologist was caught fabricating data, leading to more than 50 retracted papers. A top journal published a study supporting the existence of ESP that was widely criticized. The journal Science pulled a political science paper on the effect of gay canvassers on voters' behavior because of concerns about faked data. Now, a painstaking yearslong effort to reproduce 100 studies published in three leading psychology journals has found that more than half of the findings did not hold up when retested. The analysis was done by research psychologists, many of whom volunteered their time to double-check what they considered important work. Their conclusions, reported Thursday in the journal Science, have confirmed the worst fears of scientists who have long worried that the field needed a strong correction. The vetted studies were considered part of the core knowledge by which scientists understand the dynamics of personality, relationships, learning and memory. Therapists and educators rely on such findings to help guide decisions, and the fact that so many of the studies were called into question could sow doubt in the scientific underpinnings of their work. "I think we knew or suspected that the literature had problems, but to see it so clearly, on such a large scale — it's unprecedented," said Jelte Wicherts, an associate professor in the department of methodology and statistics at Tilburg University in the Netherlands. More than 60 of the studies did not hold up. Among them was one on free will. It found that participants who read a passage arguing that their behavior is predetermined were more likely than those who had not read the passage to cheat on a subsequent test. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21355 - Posted: 08.28.2015
By JESSE McKINLEY ALBANY — In a case watched by animal rights activists and courtroom curiosity seekers, a State Supreme Court judge in Manhattan on Thursday denied a request to free a pair of chimpanzees, Hercules and Leo, being held at a state university on Long Island. The unorthodox petition — which sought a writ of habeas corpus, an age-old method of challenging unlawful imprisonment — was the latest attempt by the nonprofit Nonhuman Rights Project to establish that apes are "legal persons." The group argues that chimps are self-aware and autonomous, a contention it has supported by submitting affidavits attesting to the animals' intelligence, language skills and personalities, among other traits, in several cases filed in New York on behalf of various imprisoned primates. In what the group hoped was a positive sign, Justice Barbara Jaffe of State Supreme Court in April ordered a hearing on whether Hercules and Leo, 8-year-old apes living as research subjects at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, could be released and transferred to an animal sanctuary in Florida. Arguments were heard in late May. But while Justice Jaffe took the case seriously — her 33-page decision cited the long history of habeas corpus and included references to discrimination against women and African-American slaves — she could not quite see Hercules and Leo as people in the eyes of the law. "For the purpose of establishing rights, the law presently categorizes entities in a simple, binary, 'all or nothing,' fashion," the justice wrote, noting: "Persons have rights, duties, and obligations. Things do not." "Animals, including chimpanzees and other highly intelligent mammals, are considered property under the law," she continued. "They are accorded no legal rights," beyond being free from mistreatment or abuse. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Animal Rights
Link ID: 21241 - Posted: 07.31.2015
Alexandra Sims Intelligent people are not only smarter than the average person - it seems they could also live longer as well. A study by the London School of Economics found that smarter siblings are more likely to outlive their less clever brothers and sisters, with genetics accounting for 95 per cent of the connection between intelligence and life span. The scientists examined the differences in longevity between identical twins, who share all of their genes and non-identical twins, who on average share half of their genes. Writing in the International Journal of Epidemiology, scientists noted the difference in intellect between the twins and the age at which they died. Focusing on three different twin studies from Sweden, Denmark and the United States the researchers examined sets of twins for whom both intelligence and age of death had been recorded in pairs where at least one of the twins had died. In both types of twins it was found that the smarter of the two lived longer, but this effect was far more prominent in non-identical twins. Rosalind Arden, a research associate at the LSE, told The Times that "the association between top jobs and longer lifespans is more a result of genes than having a big desk." She added though that the research does not mean parents can "deduce your child's likely lifespan from how he or she does in their exams this summer".
Keyword: Intelligence; Genes & Behavior
Link ID: 21222 - Posted: 07.27.2015
Emily M. Keeler How smart are you? Would you be smarter if you ate more blueberries, played better video games, learned another language, or read the novels of Proust? What about if you did more crosswords? Took some pills? Electrically stimulated your brain? Or are you smart enough as is? Patricia Marx is, of course, pretty smart already. She's a Guggenheim fellow, and a New Yorker Staff writer. She's also funny as hell. Marx was the first woman elected to the Harvard Lampoon, and is a former writer for Saturday Night Live. Her new book, Let's Be Less Stupid, takes readers on a chatty nosedive into her own neurological functioning, in the hopes that maybe, just maybe, we'll all become a little smarter along the way. The book is the most recent entrant in the burgeoning field of pop-neuroscience, but with a liberal helping of humour. For four months, Marx did everything she could to add a few points to her IQ, including becoming adept with Luminosity, a video game app intended to improve cognitive function, and learning a little Cherokee in the hopes of multilingualism giving her brain a competitive advantage against the inevitable decline. When I called Marx to chat about her brain, she said she was sure her four months of compulsively chasing brain health hadn't done her much good; in fact, she sheepishly admitted she'd already forgotten most of what she'd learned about the incredibly complex organ folded up inside our skulls. © 2015 National Post
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21169 - Posted: 07.15.2015
By David Grimm The number of federally regulated animals used in U.S. biomedical research dropped last year to its lowest level since data collection began in 1972, according to new statistics posted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Approximately 834,000 rabbits, nonhuman primates, and other regulated animals were used in research last year, compared with more than 1.5 million in the early 1970s. The use of these animals has been on a downward trend since 1993, with a 6% decrease from 2013 to 2014. Since USDA first started posting its numbers on its website in 2008, total use has dropped 17%. The figures do not include most mice, rats, birds, and fish, which make up 98% of lab animals but are not covered under the 1966 Animal Welfare Act (AWA). "It's a continuation of a long-running trend that's showing no sign of slowing down—in fact it's speeding up," says Tom Holder, the director of Speaking of Research, a U.K.-based organization that supports the use of animals in research. Animal rights activists are "very pleased," says Alka Chandna, the senior laboratory oversight specialist at People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), which opposes the use of animals in research. The use of nearly every kind of AWA-covered animal dropped from 2013 to 2014. Twelve percent fewer dogs were used from 2013 to 2014 (16% fewer since 2008), 11% fewer rabbits (36% fewer since 2008), 11% fewer Guinea pigs (26% fewer since 2008), and 10% fewer nonhuman primates (19% fewer since 2008). The only animals to see an increase were "all other covered species," which includes ferrets, squirrels, and some rodents (such as sand rats and deer mice) that are not excluded from the AWA. © 2015 American Association for the Advancement of Science
Keyword: Animal Rights
Link ID: 21153 - Posted: 07.11.2015
Computers built to mimic the brain can now recognise images, speech and even create art, and it's all because they are learning from data we churn out online Do androids dream of electric squid? (Image: Reservoir Lab at Ghent University) I AM watching it have a very odd dream – psychedelic visions of brain tissue folds, interspersed with chunks of coral reef. The dreamer in question is an artificial intelligence, one that live-streams from a computer on the ground floor of the Technicum building in Ghent University, Belgium. This vision has been conjured up after a viewer in the chat sidebar suggests "brain coral" as a topic. It's a fun distraction – and thousands of people have logged on to watch. But beyond that, the bot is a visual demonstration of a technology that is finally coming of age: neural networks. The bot is called 317070, a name it shares with the Twitter handle of its creator, Ghent graduate student Jonas Degrave. It is based on a neural network that can recognise objects in images, except that Degrave runs it in reverse. Given static noise, it tweaks its output until it creates images that tally with what viewers are requesting online. The bot's live-stream page says it is "hallucinating", although Degrave says "imagining" is a little more accurate. Degrave's experiment plays off recent Google research which aimed to tackle one of the core issues with neural networks: that no one knows how neural networks come up with their answers. The images the network creates to satisfy simple instructions can give us some insights. © Copyright Reed Business Information Ltd
Keyword: Robotics
Link ID: 21149 - Posted: 07.09.2015
By VIRGINIA HUGHES An extraterrestrial dropping into a modern-day hospital might be forgiven for thinking it was run by machines. Against a techno soundtrack of whirs and beeps, sleep-deprived doctors file in and out of exam rooms. They ask patients a series of standard questions, and make a few clicks on a computer to order a blood test or chest X-ray or pain meds. Then they hustle out the door to repeat the protocol on the impossibly large number of other patients under their watch. When their shifts end, some 12 or 18 or even 28 hours later, these zombies in blue scrubs are replaced by others, while the unflappable computers ease the handoff. The tech-centric approach to medicine has its benefits, to be sure. Imaging machines and genetic screening give doctors biological clues otherwise hidden. Computers can make hospitals more efficient, and prevent dumb mistakes. But the practice of medicine cannot be reduced to algorithms, pixels and protocols, as the neurologist Dr. Allan H. Ropper subtly argues in his entertaining book, "Reaching Down the Rabbit Hole." (Read excerpt.) To Dr. Ropper, medicine is a craft — an art — that depends on the human interaction between doctor and patient. Like an episode of the popular television series "House," the book presents mysterious medical cases from the behemoth Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The 10th floor holds the neurology inpatient ward, a place where, as Dr. Ropper and his co-author, Brian David Burrell, put it, "the strangest and most challenging cases are sent to be sorted out." © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Miscellaneous
Link ID: 21138 - Posted: 07.07.2015
Emma Bowman In a small, sparse makeshift lab, Melissa Malzkuhn practices her range of motion in a black, full-body unitard dotted with light-reflecting nodes. She's strapped on a motion capture, or mocap, suit. Infrared cameras that line the room will capture her movement and translate it into a 3-D character, or avatar, on a computer. But she's not making a Disney animated film. Three-dimensional motion capture has developed quickly in the last few years, most notably as a Hollywood production tool for computer animation in films like Planet of the Apes and Avatar. Behind the scenes though, leaders in the deaf community are taking on the technology to create and improve bilingual learning tools in American Sign Language. Malzkuhn has suited up to record a simple nursery rhyme. Being deaf herself, she spoke with NPR through an interpreter. "I know in English there's just a wealth of nursery rhymes available, but we really don't see as much in ASL," she says. "So we're gonna be doing some original work here in developing nursery rhymes." That's because sound-based rhymes don't cross over well into the visual language of ASL. Malzkuhn heads the Motion Light Lab, or ML2. It's the newest hub of the National Science Foundation Science of Learning Center, Visual Language and Visual Learning (VL2) at Gallaudet University, the premier school for deaf and hard of hearing students. © 2015 NPR
Keyword: Language
Link ID: 21107 - Posted: 06.29.2015
By Kiona Smith-Strickland Are crows the smartest animals of all? Many scientists think that corvids — the family of birds that includes crows, ravens, rooks and jays — may be among the most intelligent animals on Earth, based on their ability to solve problems, make tools and apparently consider both possible future events and other individuals' states of mind. "There's a lot of research that has been done with both ravens and crows because they are such intelligent species," said Margaret Innes, an assistant curator at the Maryland Zoo in Baltimore. Even in humans, defining and measuring intelligence is difficult, and it's more complicated in other species, which have very different body shapes and have evolved for their niche in the environment. However, scientists who study cognition have defined a few measures of intelligence: recognizing oneself in a mirror, solving complex problems, making tools, using analogies and symbols, and reasoning about what others are thinking. For a long time, biologists expected most of these mental feats to be unique to primates. The great apes — chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas — succeed at nearly all of these tasks, from making and using tools to learning large vocabularies of symbols, as well as recognizing themselves in mirrors. A select few other mammals also meet most of the accepted criteria for intelligence. Dogs and dolphins, for instance, are very good at tasks involving social intelligence, such as communication, conflict resolution and reasoning about what others are thinking. Dolphins are also capable of basic tool use — for instance, carrying sea sponges in their mouths to shield their noses from scrapes and bumps as they forage on the ocean floor.
Keyword: Intelligence; Evolution
Link ID: 21086 - Posted: 06.23.2015
By ANDREW HIGGINS WIJK BIJ DUURSTEDE, Netherlands — The hiss of gas, released by a red lever turned by Arie den Hertog in the back of his white van, signaled the start of the massacre. The victims, crammed into a sealed, coffin-like wooden case, squawked as they struggled to breathe. Then, after barely two minutes, they fell silent. Glancing at the timer on his cellphone, Mr. Den Hertog declared the deed done. "Now it is all over," he said proudly of his gruesomely efficient handiwork, on a gloriously sunny day beneath a row of poplar trees on the banks of the Lower Rhine. Reviled as a Nazi by animal rights activists but hailed as a hero by Dutch farmers, Mr. Den Hertog, 40, is the Netherlands' peerless expert in the theory and practice of killing large numbers of wild geese. On his recent outing to Wijk bij Duurstede, a village in the Utrecht region southeast of Amsterdam, he killed 570 graylag geese in his portable gas chamber, fitted with two big canisters of carbon dioxide. That brought his death toll to more than 7,000 for the week. "It is not fun, but it has to be done," he said of his work. The Dutch authorities insist it must be done, too. They pay Mr. Den Hertog to keep a ballooning geese population from devouring the grass of cow pastures and flying into planes taking off from Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, a major hub in Europe. He is the unpleasant answer to what has become a problem on a grand scale for the Netherlands. Geese populations here have skyrocketed, buoyed by a 1999 ban on hunting them; farmers' increasing use of nitrogen-rich fertilizer, which geese apparently love; and the expansion of protected nature areas. That combination, plus an abundance of rivers and canals, has made the country a "goose El Dorado," said Julia Stahl, head of research at Sovon, a group that monitors wild bird populations in the Netherlands. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Animal Rights
Link ID: 21048 - Posted: 06.15.2015


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At today's press conference in Tokyo, Square Enix president Youichi Wada explained that serious games and games for enterainment purposes are different. Since the developing of such serious games requires knowledge and know-how, an (entertainment) game company like Square Enix could not get involved in this business easily. Hence, the company decided to team up with Gakken. Gakken president Endou for his part mentioned that his company was seeking a powerful partner in the game industry. He cited Square Enix's expertise in the creation of user interfaces, character design, cross platform and online game development as reasons why he thought the tie-up was appealing to Gakken.
SG Lab will specialize in developing software upon accepting orders from clients. Exactly what kind of software that will be, the two presidents could not answer today, since the company will officially open its doors only on May 1st and has only recently begun accepting orders from clients. In addition to software aimed at learning and research, the company will focus on following markets for serious games: Medicine, health care as well as public relations for private enterprises and the government. Wada explained that there is no established global player in this field, hence he hoped SG Lab will become the worldwide market leader.
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Cloud operators have come back to earth as investors have reset the sector's valuations, providing us a quick lesson about IPOs. More
- Poll of the Day
- Partners
Cloud operators have come back to earth as investors have reset the sector's valuations, providing us a quick lesson about IPOs. More
The advertising network operator is showing how mobile can indeed be monetized. Its 3Q revenue spiked 88% to $47.4 million, easily beating guidance. More
Marissa Mayer is said to be preparing for her next step as CEO of Yahoo: Acquisitions. More
The mobile ad network operator reported second-quarter earnings today that beat estimates, and the stock is jumping. More
A Pandora executive recently shed some light on the mobile advertising market, and it doesn't look good for Facebook. More
The next time you're downloading the next great app, there's a good chance Millennial Media will be powering the ads. Put it on your get list this summer. More
This recent rocket of an IPO, which just posted disappointing earnings, is an important lesson for investors: It usually pays to wait before buying an IPO. More
The data analysis company's stock rockets 90% on day one. Investors will be wise, however, to not rush in now. More
Mark Zuckerberg said huge Instagram-like deals would be rare. Should he have a change of heart, these companies could be next. More
Nasdaq reportedly has won the listing for Facebook's public offering, but don't expect techs to give up on the New York Stock Exchange. More


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CRCShort for cyclic redundancy check, a common technique for detecting data transmission errors. Transmitted messages are divided into predetermined lengths that are divided by a fixed divisor. According to the calculation, the remainder number is appended onto and sent with the message. When the message is received, the computer recalculates the remainder and compares it to the transmitted remainder. If the numbers do not match, an error is detected.
A number of file transfer protocols, including Zmodem, use CRC in addition to checksum.
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"The city's liveliest and most polished professional theater." - The Statesman
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"If you've ever had the fleeting wish that Disney's Cinderella wasn't so dated and unreal, here's your remedy."—CTX Live Theatre(read more)


text:
Glassman has commented on the following diary entries
|Road Segments, naming streets and Town-land boundries
|21 days ago
We had a similar discussion last night. Roads connected to landuse. I usually un-glue roads connected to landuse or admin boundaries. It would be great if editors complained when landuse, landcover or boundaries are connected to roads.
|27 days ago
Welcome to OSM. I hope you get as much satisfaction from contributing as I do.
|Let's Talk Local at the Global State of the Map
|about 1 month ago
Mikel, Terminology is getting rather confusing. We have Local Chapters and then we have local groups. The two are worlds apart. Local groups organize to improve their community. I can't speak for all the local groups, but I suspect very few have any sort of non-profit status. Local Chapters on the other hand would have a non-profit status, by-laws, members, etc. Local Chapters are organized to put on local State of the Map conferences?
The thing is, we really don't need Local Chapters. We need local groups. Everywhere. Before everyone jumps on me for that statement, consider what we need most. More contributors. Most of those will be the result of local groups.
Let's start by asking "what do we need to do to promote more local groups." Hopefully Local Chapters will step up to play strong role in helping answer that question. But Local Chapters are just part of the answer and maybe not even a critical part.
When we talk local, let's talk local, at the community organizing level.
Like you I really look forward to hearing the outcome of the discussion. Unfortunately, I am unable to attend or would otherwise be happy to participate.
|OSM editor for mapping on iOS mobile devices?
|about 2 months ago
I'll add a third vote for GoMap!! - The developer is always looking to make the app better. On top of that he is an active mapper as well. GoMap!! works for the entire iOS line - iPhone, iPad mini, iPad and iPad Professional.
|Philippines Admin 4 Shapefile Data!!!!!!!!
|2 months ago
What do you plan to do with all of these admin areas?
|2 months ago
Way to go. With your list of todo's, signage, buildings, addresses, don't forget sidewalks.
|Mapping lake shore
|3 months ago
Looks like it could use some refinement, but glad you added the lake.
|"Welcome-to-new-mappers" program in the Netherlands comes to an end.
|3 months ago
I've been sending welcome messages for sometime. Late last year I modified it after the Belgium communities welcome message and included all new mappers in Washington State. Prior to that it was focused on the Seattle area and the message was to invite them to join our Meetup group.
The response rate is around 7%. I haven't looked to see how many continue to map. My guess is that number is very low.
Your assessment of Maps.me is right on target. I usually don't bother even sending them a message nor a changeset comment for the less than stellar edits. I'm not blaming the person, but maps.me in the hands of a newbie is dangerous. I only hope as the app matures, it also improves. Check out Millions that Don't Care presented by Ilya Zverev, Mpas.me, at the 2016 SOTM-US conference. While I attended the conference, I didn't get to his talk.
I think a better approach than for each of us to send out welcome messages, would be to have a script that automatically sends a message to new uses based on their language and the location of their first edit.
|1 million buildings in LA, but what about the community?
|3 months ago
Only having the ability to contact one person at a time is very frustrating. We used a room full of volunteers to send message to target mappers to invite them to SOTM-US. We did get results, but it was way to time consuming.
We need the ability to: 1. Allow people to opt-in and out to receiving bulk messages. 2. Let people select interests that would allow bulk messages from others with similar interests 3. Be able to send to geographical areas 4. Send bulk message to people with similar interests. 5. Build in controls to prevent/limit spam messages like are seen on diary pages.
Keep up the great import work.
|Cities by only buildings
|3 months ago
Jon, Sorry I missed your talk. Can't wait to see the video.
The Latest LA data looks very rich. Do you have a breakdown of building=*?
|A look into a sample of edits from MAPS.ME contributors
|4 months ago
New users not responding to changeset comments is pretty common, not just MAPS.ME users. I did have one recently respond. They were attempting to add a waterfall. Unfortunately MAPS.ME doesn't have waterfall tags, so it was tagged as an attraction, and not as a node on the waterway.
They did respond, but never took the suggestion of using iD to fix their edit.
Which brings up the issue of tracking of open changeset comments. Would be nice if there were and easy way see changesets with discussions.
|Getting to know Openstreetmap
|4 months ago
You might want to look on the wiki for how to tag trees.
|Notes from OSM-Colorado Saturday Mapternoon May 28, 2016
|5 months ago
Sounds like a very productive meetup. Can not wait to hear more about Denver Regional Council of Government plans to import the data.
|Creating accurate maps
|5 months ago
Mike, Not sure why you got negative responses when asking about OSM and Mapbox products. As you know there areas in OSM that need attention, especially in rural US. Then again, my 2015 Subaru's navigation system is way worse than any OSM map up and down I5 in Washington. My experiences traveling in Costa Rica using OSM data were far better than using Google maps.
There is a Maptime in Eugene. Great place to talk about improving OSM and learning about open source GIS development.\
|Carei ... done !
|5 months ago
|GSoC Diary 1
|5 months ago
Can you post a link to your college campus?
Also - did you see the recent thread on the HOT mailing list asking for people to send in their suggested improvements to iD?
Thanks for working on iD. It has come a long way.
|Hadjer Lamis, Chad - Tracing guide (villages and buildings)
|6 months ago
Thanks for posting the images. It should be helpful to Missing Maps Mapathons when instructing new mappers.
Have you considered proposing a landuse=compound on the tagging list? The number of compounds would probably be too small for the standard layer. You might be able to convince HOT to add the landuse=compound to the Humanitarian layer.
|City Heights, Mapperley Top
|6 months ago
I created a business card with my name and "title" Volunteer Contributor to hand out. It not only gives them a way to contact me, is a form (poor) of id, and has information about OSM.
I did run into one site manager that brushed me off with "I'm too busy..." So I left, after taking a picture of the site map. Mostly I run into interested and grateful people, especially business owners who like the thought that their establishment is being added to a map, even if it's one they've never heard of.
You comment The boss administrator turned out to be quite short, which is often a warning sign. left me disappointed.
|New York Long Path
|6 months ago
Have you checked for Strava gpx points? If it is an active trail, it is likely someone used the Strava app.
|Mapping exit numbers on US motorways
|6 months ago
Thanks for adding the ref numbers but I'm curious about the noref=yes. Is noref documented in the wiki?


text:
Wasson, Sara-Patricia (2003) A network of inscrutable canyons: wartime London's sensory landscapes. In: The Swarming Streets: Twentieth-Century Literary Representations of London. Rodopi, Amsterdam and New York, pp. 77-95. ISBN 9789042016637Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)
Sensory abundance has always been a hallmark of cities, but with the onset of World War II London's sensory geography was transformed. The resulting city lacked many of the hallmarks of cities before or since, and novels, photographs, and even card games leapt to the task of understanding how one could move through this strange space. This chapter examines how this altered terrain was figured in several texts from the war, and answers two questions: first, how do wartime texts represent the city's changed sensory geography? Second, what fantasies do these new sensescapes accrete?
|Item Type:
|Book Section
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|sensory stimuli; London; sensory environment; creative representation; wartime;
|University Divisions/Research Centres:
|Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Creative Industries > School of Arts & Creative Industries
|Dewey Decimal Subjects:
|800 Literature > 800 Literature, rhetoric & criticism
|Library of Congress Subjects:
|P Language and Literature > PN Literature (General) > PN0080 Criticism
|Item ID:
|Depositing User:
|RAE Import
|Date Deposited:
|28 Mar 2008 11:45
|Last Modified:
|24 Jan 2014 12:45
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Policy Distributive Policies
A selection of articles related to policy distributive policies.
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- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 3
- One of the very best ways to raise personal or group consciousness, is to MANIFEST spiritual Intentions into the environment at large. The projection of love into one's surroundings for instance, results in love being reflected back to the sender, like...
Mind >> World Mind
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 2
- When thoughts are replaced by silence in the mind, perception arises. It is a part of the modern condition wherein the mind of humanity is constantly overwhelmed, by a million considerations and thoughts. In acquiring silence, the mind is enabled to get out...
Mind >> World Mind
- Everything you always wanted to know about the beliefs of the Founding Fathers that your Congressman will never tell you!
- Through the Dark Ages, civilization and learning languished under the iron rule of the church. Finally, through the rediscovery of the Pagan Classics, Plato, Aristotle, Epictetus, Plotinus and many other philosophers, the west began to see a glimmer of the...
Saga of Times Past >> History & Anthropology
- Martin Luther
- Martin Luther was a German theologian, a priest and a monk, a scholar and a writer. He was the leading figure of the Protestant Reformation.
Saga of Times Past >> Biography
- The Pagan Roots of Democracy
- I stepped into the voting booth with civic pride and religious inspiration. The pastors urged the congregation to renew America and vote for a good Christian man, Ronald Reagan. I voted a straight Republican ticket. Those godless Democrats were no better than...
Saga of Times Past >> History & Anthropology
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 4
- There can be no doubt that the world situation today is grave. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the institutions, governments, and traditional methods of society, have little effectiveness in solving a collective crisis of global proportions. In this...
Mind >> World Mind
- Truth, Lies and the Holocaust
- Any fool can tell the truth, but it requires a man of some sense to know how to lie well. -Samuel Butler Over the years, I have heard many tales of tragedy and persecution committed against Neo-Pagans around the country. From folks losing jobs, losing...
Saga of Times Past >> History & Anthropology
Policy Distributive Policies is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Policy Distributive Policies books and related discussion.
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- The Ouarzazate solar plant in Morocco: Triumphal 'Green' capitalism and the
- Despite the allure of the solar mega-project, the environmental/climate justice movement must question the Morocco's propaganda and the emergent dominant global discourse around environmental governance to which it is linked. The urgent questions ...
- Dilma Rouseff's Impeachment Would Not Clean Up Corruption in Brazil
- GDP growth rates had been rising throughout the 2000s and, after a brief contraction, the economy expanded by a record 7.5% in 2010, pushed by bold anti-cyclical policies. ...
- Chidambaram explains why Modi's tinkering doesn't qualify as true economic reform
- Growth-oriented policies must be accompanied by measures that ensure inclusive growth, deliver the minimum needs to all the people, and promote social justice. There are other models too. ...
- What can be done to save the euro
- Fiscal policy is fundamentally political and distributive, limiting delegation even at the national level. From the start, it was evident that EU members were reluctant to interfere in such matters ...
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Policy Distributive Policies Topics
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Student / Alumni email
Thank you, please feel free to contact me at my email below.
Mike Romanovsky
Associate Director of Systems and Networks
The Culinary Institute of America
firstname.lastname@example.com ********** Participation and subscription information for this EDUCAUSE Constituent Group discussion list can be found at http://www.educause.edu/groups/.
We used to host our own e-mail and allow forwarding. We now use Google Apps for student e-mail, and still allow forwarding. Our position is that while we want to communicate with students, we can never guarantee that. If students don't want to read e-mail, they won't, and if we disallow forwarding, some will stop reading all campus e-mail. The best way to communicate with students is to only send them information they want, and not spam them.
We just moved our students & alumni to Office-365.
The university made a conscious decision to block auto-forwarding. Students are advised to learn how to set up clients to harvest emails from multiple accounts if they must consolidate email.
We are currently planning to move our students on Google Apps or Office 365. However, we have always given alumni and students the ability to forward their messages to their personal emails.
- Anshul
We allow forwarding of email. We state in policy that students are responsible reading for campus information sent:
"E. Students are accountable for checking their E-Mail Address regularly (i.e., once per week) and are responsible for communication sent or received in this mode. When forwarding e-mail from the Oakland University E-mail Account to another e-mail account, students are responsible for ensuring that the other e-mail account is functioning and able to receive the OU e-mails. "
So saying "I didn't pay my bill because I didn't get the email notice it was due because I forwarded it to an address and forgot" isn't tolerated.
We do not support alumni use of email after 1 year post graduation. Just too complicated for us to do at this point.


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Yisrael Meir Kagan
A selection of articles related to yisrael meir kagan.
Original articles from our library related to the Yisrael Meir Kagan. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Yisrael Meir Kagan.
- Anukis/Anuket
- Her name means "Embracing Lady", she was probably of Nubian origin and worshipped in the 1st cataract area. The name of Anuket has been found together with Satis on a great number of inscriptions from quarry expeditions in that area. In later times...
Deities & Heros >> Egyptian
- Yom Kippur
- Yom Kippur is the day when God handed to Moses the second set of the Ten Commandments. This occurred after the completion of the second 40 days of guidance from God.
Religions >> Judaism
Yisrael Meir Kagan is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Yisrael Meir Kagan books and related discussion.
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- Israel Esteban, Oak Park (25-15). Isaac Townsend, Neosho (33-13) vs. Ulyssess Thomas, Hazelwood East (30-21).
- [BLOG] The Hitchhiker's Guide to Armageddon
- According to Rabbi Israel Meir Kagan (1838–1933), otherwise known as the great and venerable sage, the "Chofetz Chaim," two such wars have already occurred. They were World War I and World War II. The first, he himself lived through, whereas as the ...
- Rebbetzin Leah Kagan, a"h
- The Jewish community of Denver deeply mourned the petirah of Rebbetzin Leah Kagan, a"h, wife of, ybl"c, Harav Yisroel Meir Kagan, shlita, Rosh Yeshivah of Yeshivas Toras Chaim, and a daughter of Harav Shmuel Ehrenfeld, zt"l, the Mattersdorfer Rav.
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Dr. Kenna Williams specializes in general surgery in Pulaski, Tennessee.
Dr. Kenna Williams has been compared 152 times. Details of Dr. Williams' 30 years experience as an MD, her hospital affiliation and education at University of Tennessee are available on your free doctor report.
Primary Location for Dr. Williams
1150 E College St
Pulaski, TN 38478
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Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Kenna Williams has been identified as specializing in General Surgery.
She is certified in General Surgery.
Accepted Insurance
Insurance plans and networks accepted by a doctor are not necessarily universal across all locations at which the doctor practices. This can be affected by many factors such as different group practices, hospital affiliations and working arrangements at those locations. Checking that the doctor you are visiting and the facility they are at are in-network providers for your insurance plan can save you money and headaches later from surprise medical bills.
Dr. Kenna Williams accepts the following plans at 1150 E College St, Pulaski, TN
- United Healthcare - Direct
- Cigna
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- Great West
Hospital Affiliation
A hospital affiliation covers any doctor who has an affiliation, association or admitting privilege with a hospital. A doctor's particular affiliation to a specific hospital can translate to the overall quality of that provider.
Dr. Williams is affiliated with 1 hospital:
1265 E College St
Pulaski, Tennessee
Dr. Williams attended medical school at University of Tennessee College of Medicine and graduated in 1986 having 30 years experience.
While there is no proven correlation between the quality of one's educational institution and the quality of one's professional competence, it is often an indicator. Medical schools have various levels of selectivity (some are harder to get into than others), and both the quality of their clinical training and level of research are measured. Additional medical training in both residency and fellowships and the facilities they are conducted at also provide a history of the doctors' level of training and experience.
Patients may also know Dr. Kenna Williams MD as:
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Southern Tennessee Surgical Services, 1255 E College St, Suite 500 Pulaski, TN 38478
General Info
- Years Experience
37 Years Experience
Hospital Affiliation
Hillside Hospital
Pulaski, Tennessee
University of Virginia
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text: Spirit Aerosystems Top Morning News 11.14.12 By Briana O'Higgins • Nov 14, 2012 Council of economic advisors to the governor meets to discuss the aviation industry; Brownback speaks out about the wind Production Tax Credit; Case of electioneering surfaces in McPherson. Gov.'s Council Meets To Discuss Growth In Aviation The Kansas Governor's Council of Economic Advisors met in Wichita yesterday to discuss ways of increasing revenue - and the global competitiveness of the aviation industry. More... Court: Age Discrimination Unproven In Boeing Sale By Associated Press • Aug 27, 2012 A federal appeals court panel has sided with The Boeing Company and Spirit AeroSystems in an age discrimination lawsuit. The lawsuit was filed by 90 former Boeing workers after the 2005 sale of its commercial airplane operations in Kansas and Oklahoma. The 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled today that while employees showed discrimination occurred during the sale, the workers cannot prove a pattern existed. Pages« first ‹ previous 1 2 3


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anyone know of any
anyone know of any trails near highland ca? thanks, it would really help me out.
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You're out there pretty close to Big Bear and Barstow. You have some of the best wheeling around out there. I drive 3.5 hours to get out there. There's a big bunch of us running Calico next weekend. Trails are everything from mild to wild. All kinds of runs will be going so you can pick according to your driving skills and rig set up. We always welcome new wheelers to our group!
Lorie :)
do you know any of the names of the trails in big bear?
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Cleghorn is one of the closest trails, about 30 minutes up the 15. There are lots of runs to Cleghorn organized on here.
I organized one 2 weeks ago, there was another the week before. A stock Jeep could do most of it, though better if you have a little lift.
I've been wanting to hit the Big Bear trails, but many of them have snow on them right now, so I'm waiting for spring for the snow to melt.
I just did Calico yesterday with the meet up group. If you can go next week with IH8RDS, that would be a great place to go. I'd go myself, but probably can't swing going 2 weeks in a row. Tempting though!
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Plus, I might slow you down, still pretty new. Would need a lot of spotting: I did the beginner run yesterday, but wanted to do the advanced. My wife was with me and was the first time she has gone, so had to keep it tame.
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([QUOTE=suicideking;2180836]What are you guys doing Saturday? That would probably be the only day I could make it out. Probably unlikely that I would make it, but possible.
Plus, I might slow you down, still pretty new. Would need a lot of spotting: I did the beginner run yesterday, but wanted to do the advanced. My wife was with me and was the first time she has gone, so had to keep it tame.[/QUOTE)
Because this is MJR's annual event, I'm not sure what we're running Saturday..but I'm sure it won't be what you ran this weekend. We could choose that, but probably won't and will run something harder. I normally lead the trails when I go with my friends, but I'm going to hang towards the back so I can make as much noise as I want and misbehave if I feel like it. (without being judged) :p SO, you can roll behind me and follow my line. If you should have any "challenges" I would have no problem spotting you..One of my closest friends just started wheeling. His first runs were with me. He has yet to be strapped up Doran or Odessa.You'd be surprised at what your rig is capable of following the right lines :punk: My plan is to run Odessa and Doran days and nights, Wall Street canyon is another one...it has some offshoots that are pretty good too...if you feel like it.
You should come out!
Lorie :dance:
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Wheelin' 101: Never go alone. $hit happens; whether it's just a dirt road or not.
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Maybe?! :whistling: :nonono: You know you're going to be jonsing to go again by Friday...do some of the things you didn't do this past weekend.
All my gear has been sitting in my living room for 2 days now...and I can't pack it into the Jeep until Wednesday after work :p
Your wife can ride with me! :punk: Calico is one of my Favorite places! I lead the way, Know my lines, The guys trust me and we Have No Fear!!
Awesome times! :D
Doubt she would be up to going 2 weeks in a row though.
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Than that's a YES! :thumb: Give your wife some :flowers:...or just hop in the Jeep and get your :bottom: later :rofl:
err..I'm sorry..as you can tell, I'm unattached and answer to nobody :D
Be cool to meet some new wheelers.....just sayin' :whistling: The people I hang with are super cool...you guys would have a blast!
I figure I'll head out Saturday morning. What time are you guys planning to start? I could probably be there around 9:00 or 10:00.
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WOW!That ROCKS! :dance: :D :punk:
Ok, so here's the deal. By Saturday morning, I'm going to have been living in a cot-tent for 2 days. I'll be as my tank says, a "Filthy Dirty Jeep Girl...in a doo-rag most likely by then and lookin' Rough! :eek: MJR has a Meet and Greet planned at 800am at Peggy Sues Saturday. I don't plan on going to that (I'll be stinky) :p and I don't want to have to air up and all that...I know the trails..I know there's going to be runs on Odessa and Doran in the AM after the meet and greet. My plan is to be sitting in front of one of them, ready to go when they get back from Peggy Sues. I'm not sure what my friends want to do....I hate that the meet and greet is there.
I know 10am is too late regardless if you go to the meet and greet or not. Get up early Bro! Be in Mule canyon by 745am ? ? :thumb: That way you'll for sure hook up with us.. Yes?
If I have to do the Peggy Sues thing, I will..if it's easier..but you still need to be there early...
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OK, so looks like my friends may want to go to Peggy's after they've had breakfast..so around 845am...I've never been and never paid attention to where it was..don't need to air up, so no hassles etc.
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Right on! Look for my Heep Saturday AM ..let's go wheelin!! :)
i know of this dam road out here on the way to mentone. its pretty fun, all beginner stuff. Mostly a long canyon run. If any of you wanna come up there with me sometime, let me know. Once i get the gas money, Im a broke kid. ahah I can go to calico and such.
I will keep you in mind and we can hook up and hit a trail when were both available, maybe Cleghorn or Silverwood area. Since we just did Calico, we dont have a run planned right now..I stay in the low lands until the snow clears. :)
i dont know where the one on the 38 is. would you want to show me some day? As far as cleghorn and silverwood, i have to get the gas, so let me know ahead of time. sounds pretty fun.
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Requiem The Roman Catholic Service
A selection of articles related to requiem the roman catholic service.
Original articles from our library related to the Requiem The Roman Catholic Service. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Requiem The Roman Catholic Service.
- The Aeonic Perspective of the Enochian Temples
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Magick >> Enochian
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- Mother Of The Gods And The Father Of The Gael
- There is no surviving, or as yet translated, Creation story within Irish mythology. We learn from the Lebor Gabala Erenn, a text from the Christian Middle Ages, of the Tuatha De Danann, or "People of the Goddess Danu", who came to Ireland either...
Deities & Heros >> Celtic, Welsh, Irish & Brittish
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- This extensive introduction includes some of the more well known, along with some lesser known Death "incarnations", and I use that term loosely, as in many cultures, the Angel of Death can be quite an adept shapeshifter. We have tried to cull...
Mystic Sciences >> Necromantic Studies
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- Of all the great ancient cultures perhaps no two share more parallels than those of the Celtic and Vedic peoples. A deep rooted affinity runs between them, what is present in one is mirrored in the other. Myths, Gods, Goddesses, even fairy tales bear a...
Religions >> Druidism
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- The number of baptized Catholics worldwide has grown at a faster rate than that of the world's population, according to Vatican statistics. Although .... As an altar boy I served at many funerals, Requiem Masses and interments.
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The Chevrolet Chaparral 2X VGT, flanked by the Chaparral 2J (L) and the 2D coupe (R). Photos courtesy GM Media. Jim Hall's Chaparral race cars were among the most innovative designs of the 1960s, encompassing the use of lightweight composite materials; massive, downforce-generating rear wings ... Read more
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This review is from: IN WIN 901 Black Aluminum / Tempered Glass Mini-ITX Tower Computer Case ATX PS2 / EPS 12V Power Supply
Pros: Very clean, unique, looks better than a Mac, small, good amount of cabling management, roomy for a small mini-atx case. Touch sensitive "on" button is a great touch.
Cons: No 3.5" bay for optical drives. Only fits Mini-ATX motherboards!
Radiator needs to be installed outside of the case at the rear.
A bit difficult to connect all the usb cables and dvi cables because you have to unscrew the back panel to connect it and then screw it back. Not a hard thing to do, but it's a bit tricky when there's a radiator hooked on the back panel.
Other Thoughts: This case was really fun to build around in. The cabling management is thoughtfully planned out, there is enough space for a GTX 970 GPU, and the HDD bays are well laid out where and not very visible when the glass panels are on.
The screws are nicely sized so that you can just hand screw them without tools. Don't screw it too tight or you might crack the glass.
The only issues I have with this case is that it requires a slim optical drive. The drive bay is located at the bottom of the case where the bottom opening is. Internal slim optical drives are hard to find these days so I opted for an slim external drive with the same stainless steel finish to match the case.
Another thing that I don't like is that if you're going the water cool route, the radiator can only be installed outside of the case, this is a problem if you want to set up a push/pull fan set up on the radiator but it's not a big deal for me. It's very nice of them to design some holes to allow the water tubes to go through from the back to the inside so it's still maintains a clean look.
About the back panel though, in order to hook up all of your peripherals to the motherboard, you will need to unscrew the back panel to get access to it and then screw the panel back on. This is a bit tricky if you have a radiator attached to it and the water tube is a bit short. Kind of nerve racking since it makes you worry if the tube will come off the unit and liquid will start spilling out.
Overall, the heat dissipation inside the case is mediocre. There is one fan bay in the front, and you can install a 90mm fan inside the case at the back and a 120mm fan for the radiator.
Conclusion: Besides the set backs on those points, I will definitely build another unit with this case.
This review is from: EVGA GeForce GTX 970 04G-P4-3975-KR 4GB SSC GAMING w/ACX 2.0+, Whisper Silent Cooling Graphics Card
Pros: Handles Far Cry 4 at ultra setting like a champ! Barely notice any lag....actually no lag at all! Same with BF4. It will take anything you throw at and performs flawlessly. EVGA quality!
Cons: There's no second DVI port for a dual screen set up. You will need to connect it via HDMI, which I personally do not prefer to use. Not a real problem where I knock off an egg.
The fans do get loud at certain points when it's performing at heavy loads.
Other Thoughts: A huge upgrade over my year old GTX 660 Ti. Don't know why I didn't go with the 670 last year but now I'm glad I waited for the 970 GTX. This is something I'm not used to and it's a great investment when it comes to gaming and video editing.READ FULL REVIEW
This review is from: Logitech K740 Illuminated USB Keyboard
Pros: Very slim design, key touches similar to laptops, backlit keys are awesome, adjustable brightness feature, logitech reliability.
Cons: When it gets dusty, that's why all hell breaks loose on the resting pad. The material they use is similar to a matte-type surface. Makes wiping away dusts off your keyboard a chore. You need to really scrub at it to get all the dust off or it starts smearing. Pretty nasty.
Other Thoughts: Other than the cleaning issue, everything is great. I will recommend it to my customers.READ FULL REVIEW


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We are spending 7 nights and 8 days at the world and have decided to splurge for the Polynesian resort we will be down august 1 to the 8 and haves decided to also book the dining plan, I have herd good things about the resort so I hope its worth the money I am so excited !!!!! I am going to DISNEY WORLD!
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