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Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2012-01-02/Interview
The Gardner interview
Sue Gardner is the executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation, the non-profit, non-commercial organization that operates nearly 300 online projects. Originally from Canada, she worked with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in production, journalism and documentaries.
In 2007, she took up consulting for the Foundation on operations and governance and within a year was in the top job. Her tenure has seen a precipitous increase in the staffing at the San Francisco office, which now employs some 100 people, up from 65 just six months ago, and a budget well in excess of $20M a year. In October 2009, Gardner was named by the Huffington Post as one of ten "media game changers of the year" for the impact on new media of her work for Wikimedia.
The Signpost interviewed Gardner on her fourth anniversary as executive director. In person, the boss of one of the world's most powerful websites is all charm and professionalism. Much of the interview concerned the issues she raised in a landmark address in November to the board of Wikimedia UK,[1] in which she said the slide showing a graph of declining editor retention (below) is what the Foundation calls "the holy-shit slide". This is a huge, "really really bad" problem, she told Wikimedia UK, and is worst on the English and German Wikipedias.
A prominent issue on the English Wikipedia is whether attempts to achieve high quality in articles – and perceptions that this is entangled with unfriendly treatment of newbies by the community – are associated with low rates of attracting and retaining new editors. Although Gardner believes that high quality and attracting new editors are both critical goals, her view is that quality has not been the problem, although she didn't define exactly what article quality is. What we didn't know in 2007, she said, was that "quality was doing fine, whereas participation was in serious trouble. The English Wikipedia was at the tail end of a significant drop in the retention of new editors: people were giving up the editing process more quickly than ever before.
There aren't enough people to do the work ... people are stressed and they're burned out ... you still have lots of [older editors] doing scut-work ... So where are the new generations of people, relieving them of the need to do all this scut-work? — Sue Gardner, UK address
Participation matters because it drives quality. People come and go naturally, and that means we need to continually bring in and successfully orient new people. If we don't, the community will shrink over time and quality will suffer. That's why participation is our top priority right now.
At the core of Gardner's philosophy, then, is an intrinsic connection between editor retention and what she calls openness. But The Signpost wanted to know more about where article quality fits into this model – specifically whether the three factors are sometimes at odds with each other and whether a purely one-way causality is involved. Deletions and reversions might be distasteful to new editors, but how can we, for instance, maintain strict standards about biographies of living people (BLP) without reverting problematic edits and deleting inappropriate articles? Gardner rejected the premise:
I don't believe that quality and openness are inherently opposed to each other. Openness is what enables and motivates people to show up in the first place. It also means we'll get some bad faith contributors and some who don't have the basic competence to contribute well. But that's a reasonable price to pay for the overall effectiveness of an open system, and it doesn't invalidate the basic premise of Wikipedia: that openness will lead to quality.
What do you say, we asked, to editors whose focus has been on improving quality and who may have taken your comments and the recent focus of Foundation initiatives as an indication that their contributions aren't valued, or even that they are part of the problem?
If you believe there's an inherent tension between quality and openness, then yes, you might believe that when I advocate for openness, I'm speaking against quality; but I don't believe that. Quality improvement work – like page patrolling, the FAC, developing content partnerships, and staging competitions like Wiki loves monuments – makes Wikipedia better and more valuable for readers. Where we run into problems is when we do things that repel or frustrate good-faith new editors. But I'm not sure there's a fixed relationship between activities designed to improve quality and activities that hurt new editor retention, so I don't think editors who focus on quality improvement should feel attacked or unappreciated when openness is being emphasized.
... we're not falling off a cliff; but we are having serious difficulty retaining good faith new editors, and that will cause our community to dwindle if we don't fix the problem.
Does the Foundation have any solutions to enable the editing community to address the cultural issues that might be driving editors away – beyond the WMF's technical initiatives such as an easier editing interface and means of empowering kitten distribution, and external initiatives such as outreach and institutional partnerships?" For Gardner, "The editor retention problem is our shared problem. ... it's easiest for the Foundation to help when there's a technical or tools aspect to the problem. But when the issue is purely editorial or cultural, it's harder for us to play a role." She singled out two areas: the first is behavioral problems, and the second the sheer quantity of policy and instructional text ("simplifying it would help everyone").
We queried her take on this second area, pointing out that all publishers that aim to present high-quality information find they need complex rules, whether explicit or via accepted standards of writing and scholarship. Could she give specific examples of areas where we could simplify policy without sacrificing standards?
Yes, the premise of this question is absolutely correct. The analogy I often use is the newsroom. Anybody who's curious and reasonably intelligent can be a good journalist, but you do need some orientation and guidance. Just like a newsroom couldn't invite in 100 random people off the street and expect them to make an immediate high-quality contribution, neither can Wikipedia expect that.
So if we say that becoming an editor should be easy, really, that's a little delusional. And it's exactly why people need easy instructional text and videos. The resources used by Wikipedia Ambassadors aren't ideal in every respect, but they're increasingly road-tested and optimized for the real-world instruction of new contributors. They're pretty good. In general, to the extent that we're showing instructions as part of the user interface, we need to make them concise, and emphasize the must-read items instead of trying to cover every edge case.
I don't have specific examples of where policy should be simplified, but I do think it would be helpful for us to visibly embrace "be bold" again, as well as "break all rules." People get embarrassed when they make mistakes, and some of our policies seem almost impossibly intricate. So, I think one helpful thing we could do is to tell people that making mistakes is normal and okay.
We need to be able to experiment, to do stuff. We're going to consult when when we think it's helpful and necessary, … but we need to do tiny bits of experimentation ...
At this point, Gardner stepped back to take a big-picture view of how the community and the WMF should interface, saying that the Foundation isn't the expert in either the behavioural or the cultural aspects:
The community understands them better than we do, and will probably have better ideas about how to solve them. ... The Foundation will lead on technical initiatives such as the visual editor, and I think the editing community should lead on others. There are other initiatives where we're partnering with the editing community – for example, the Foundation built the feedback dashboard to make new editors' experiences visible to experienced editors, and to give experienced editors an easy mechanism for coaching the new people. We've started working with editors to create new page triage, a tool that will make page patrolling easier, and will offer options that support and encourage new editors as well as repelling vandalism and other bad edits.
While staking the Foundation's claim to the more technical side of the equation, Gardner doesn't shrink from providing advice on how we can fix the cultural problem.
If you look at new editors' talk pages, they can be pretty depressing – they're often an uninterrupted stream of warnings and criticisms. Experienced editors put those warnings there because they want to make Wikipedia better: their intent is good. But the overall effect, we know, is that the new editors get discouraged. They feel like they're making mistakes, that they're getting in trouble, people don't want their help. And so they leave, and who can blame them? We can mitigate some of that by toning down the intimidation factor of the warnings: making them simpler and friendlier. We can also help by adding some praise and thanks into the mix. When the Foundation surveys current editors, they tell us one of the things they enjoy most about editing Wikipedia is when someone they respect tells them they're doing a good job. Praise and thanks are powerful.
What, then, does Sue Gardner believe are our significant social challenges? She puts these questions in response:
How do we counter systemic bias when it comes to defining reliable sources and notability – that is, in a context where decisions are made by consensus, and in which many types of people are underrepresented, how do we ensure systemic bias doesn't weaken and harm the quality of the decisions we collectively make? How can we better distinguish in the patrolling process between good faith new-user mistakes, and bad faith edits? What are the three most essential pieces of advice that every new editor should be given, and how do we make them front and centre, early in their experience with us? In general, how can we best equip new editors to edit well, as quickly and enjoyably as possible?
[Around the time of the Siegenthaler and Essjay controversies] Jimmy went to Wikimedia and said "quality … we need to do better", [and through the distortions of the ripple-effect in the projects] there was this moral panic created around quality … what Jimmy said gave a whole lot of people the license to be jerks. ... Folks are playing Wikipedia like it's a video game and their job is to kill vandals ... every now and again a nun or a tourist wanders in front of the AK-47 and gets murdered ...
Many people have complained that Wikipedia patrollers and administrators have become insular and taken on a bunker mentality, driving new contributors away. Do you agree, and if so, how can this attitude be combated without alienating the current core contributors?
I wouldn't characterize it as bunker mentality at all. It's just a system that's currently optimized for combating bad edits, while being insufficiently concerned with the well-being of new editors who are, in good faith, trying to help the projects. That's understandable, because it's a lot easier to optimize for one thing (no bad edit should survive for very long) than for many things (good edits should be preserved and built upon, new editors should be welcomed and coached, etc.). So I don't think it's an attitudinal problem, but more an issue of focusing energy now on re-balancing to ensure our processes for patrolling edits, deleting content, etc. are also designed to be encouraging and supportive of new people.
If the presumably less important issue of controversial content merits outside study by consultants, why isn't the Foundation putting resources into having social scientists diagnose the problems of editor retention and offer suggestions to the community to reform its internal culture? Why aren't there Foundation usability experts recommending overhauls of dense and daunting policy and procedural pages and not just of technical aspects such as the interface?
As I said, we do want to work with community members to figure out how to reduce policy and instructional cruft: probably the first step in doing that, though, would be a convening of interested editors. The community department has been talking about doing that. I think it would be very difficult for most social scientists to help us with a highly specific problem like new editor retention, because it's a deep community issue, and not many social scientists understand very much about how Wikipedia works.
Having said that, Gardner pointed out that the Foundation tries to persuade social scientists who do understand Wikipedia to study it, and has done "lots of informal consultation on participation-related issues" with them.
We put it to Gardner that much of the supporting research she cited to the Wikimedia UK board was informal, small-scale or not entirely rigorous (such as the study based on a dubious assumption that any editor who was not a sockpuppet, vandal or spammer was editing in "good faith" – ignoring self-promoters and POV-pushers). Now that we know editor decline is a very serious problem, is a comprehensive and rigorous research initiative being planned to analyze the phenomenon?
No. The Foundation isn't a research organization, and programs like the Summer of research aren't intended to conduct comprehensive, authoritative studies, but to produce actionable insights that guide and support our work. That's why we tend to focus on small, fast, tightly defined research projects that will answer simple questions, such as "Which warning templates deter new editors the least?" and "Which help avenues are most used by new editors?"
How can a culture that has a heavy status quo bias be changed? How can the community be persuaded to become less risk-averse?
My hope is that the community will become less risk-averse as the Foundation makes successful, useful interventions. I believe the Vector usability improvements are generally seen as successful, although they of course haven't gone far enough yet. Wikilove is a small feature, but it's been adopted by 13 Wikipedia language-versions, plus Commons. The article feedback tool is on the English Wikipedia and is currently being used in seven other projects. The new-editor feedback dashboard is live on the English and Dutch Wikipedias. New warning templates are being tested on the English and Portuguese Wikipedias. And the first opt-in user-facing prototype of the visual editor will be available within a few weeks. My hope is all this will create a virtuous circle: support for openness will begin to increase openness, which will begin to increase new editor retention, which will begin to relieve the workload of experienced editors, which will enable everyone to relax a little and allow for more experimentation and playfulness.
Regaining our sense of openness will be hard work: it flies in the face of some of our strongest and least healthy instincts as human beings. People find it difficult to assume good faith and to devolve power. We naturally put up walls and our brains fall into us-versus-them patterns. That's normal. But we need to resist it. The Wikimedia projects are a triumph of human achievement, and they're built on a belief that human beings are generally well-intentioned and want to help. We need to remember that and to behave consistently with it.
- Exactly so:
- "So if we say that becoming an editor should be easy, really, that's a little delusional"
- "People get embarrassed when they make mistakes"
- I believe both the points are at the heart of the matter. I do not think there are easy remedies.
- One area to focus on, in my opinion, is to address the most likely notifiers and talkbackers who do actually do interact with the newbies the most.
- My long observations from the past years, tell me the experience, that the most likely people to have the energy to speak an-mass to the newbies, and at the same time the people who are the strictest, are actually former newbies just recently grown in to self-confident Wikipedians - about the (half year or) 1 year or 2 years of experience in Wikipedia. They tend to extrapolate the behavior they witnessed on themselves (and themselves they survived it, so why not take it as role-model of interaction...) while they were newbies themselves.
- They are the strictest and the mutest (mute, except placing the template and sign to talkpage).
- Its like, if they are testing themselves, whether they do already know all the related rules, actually.
- They are very important for the community, for there is non, with so much energy to work hard, nevertheless they should be schooled a bit more - on regular basis about the importance of new editors to the project. Reo + 16:57, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
- "The new-editor feedback dashboard is live on the English and Dutch Wikipedias" - are you sure you didn't misquote here? I am a Dutch editor and unaware of the feedback dashboard being live there :) Check it out: http://nl.wikipedia.org effeietsanders 15:45, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- The Dutch FeedbackDashboard is at Speciaal:DashboardTerugkoppeling. It's been up for several weeks, but gets far less new feedback than English so far. Anything you can do to improve the interface for Dutch speakers (try logging in under a new account to see the tool for leaving feedback) would be most welcome. Steven Walling (WMF) • talk 17:54, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- "means of empowering kitten distribution" ... Wha...? Is that a placeholder that was never filled in?--greenrd (talk) 16:39, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- That would be WikiLove. Orange Mike | Talk 19:59, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
- Could Gardner explain what was meant by "quality was doing fine"? As Doc James says, the quality of Wikipedia articles unsatisfactory. The only meaning of "doing fine" that I'd be comfortable with was one showing the chart going up. We need to be careful that efforts to attract new editors do not make the quality chart go down. That's not just speculation: one recent large-scale student recruitment had precisely that effect on our articles. Colin°Talk 17:58, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- First of all quality is not "fine". Yes it is okay but our combined number of FAs andd GAs is still less that half a percent of total articles. We do not need new articles we need to improve the quality of what we have.
- The fundraiser for money has been working exceedingly well with our number of donors increasing 10 fold since 2008. What we need now is a fundraiser for editors. I meet well educated professionals who use Wikipedia but have no ideas that they can edit it. We need to run a banner with the same energy we use to raise money to raise editor numbers. This idea has been trialed to a limited extent here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Invitation_to_edit but the effort did not have sufficient data crunching behind it to determine if it works.
- In my experience I have found that (within WikiProject Gastropods), identifying new contributors using NewArtBot listings, then welcoming them personally, inviting them to join the project, and then (assuming they express some interest) mentoring them carefully and enthusiastically, has been the best way to retain good new people and turn them into long-term editors. It certainly is a lot of work, and takes up a lot of time. Sometimes it prevents me from working as much as I would like on other aspects of Wikipedia, but when you take the long-term view, it is definitely extremely worthwhile. I would suggest that encouraging and even organizing this kind of activity from the most active projects may be one good solution to help reverse the curve on editor loss. Invertzoo (talk) 18:23, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- I think the electronics / engineering topic could really use a few people doing that. Somewhere between 95% and 99% of new contributors really want to work collaboratively to make Wikipedia better. Alas, a small percentage of the existing editors are arrogant and somewhat abusive with an attitude that they are always the smartest person in the room, and I really think that this drives away newbies. It's hard to figure out how to address this problem. --Guy Macon (talk) 18:42, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- The presentation Sue gave to WMUK included an analysis of the "new editor story" - discouragement on opening the edit tab, discouragement on feedback being the first two hurdles. Things we can do now to improve this are:
- Make page text simpler, especially minimising, unifying and clarifying mark-up.
- Don't delete good stuff. We speedy and prod rather wilfully, without proper checks for notability.
- Be kind. Be personal. Be friendly.
- Rich Farmbrough, 20:32, 2 January 2012 (UTC).
- The lack of enough arbitrators was not discussed in the interview:
|The lack of enough moderators and arbitrators drives away editors and donations. More info.
For more info and discussion see User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive_93#Declining number of editors and donations. --Timeshifter (talk) 01:45, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
- Timeshifter: Looks like a rather diffuse thread-fest: everyone's wishing each other happy new year. OK.
- To whoever indented Gardner's direct quotes in the interview above: I don't like it, I was happy with it before; but I can't be bothered to revert it all. Tony (talk) 02:02, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
- I don't know if I should be replying to you Tony, but the indentation indicates you are replying to me. I assume you are not referring to the talk section I linked to. Because it is not as you described: "rather diffuse thread-fest: everyone's wishing each other happy new year." --Timeshifter (talk) 04:47, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
- These graphs look strange. As someone whose day job involves time series analysis there are several things that come to mind. First, the "active editors" curve is smooth and well behaved up until about (eyeballing) March 2007. Up to this time we see a rising trend that is beginning to decrease a bit. We might expect it to asymptote like a logistic growth curve, or level off and gradually decline, but instead the trend suddenly screeches to a halt and reverses. If this were a scientific graph I'd immediately begin looking for a change in data collection methods. Then, if we could assure ourselves that the data series is consistent, we would look for a new process or other change that was introduced at this point. So, what happened in March-April 2007? Second, the lack of any relationship between the "active editors" and "retention rate" seems slightly odd. The retention rate began decreasing around the start of 2005, and has been quite smoothly decreasing at a decreasing rate up to the present. It's looks just a little strange for this curve to be totally decoupled from the number of active editors. (Yes, I'm aware that one is a number and the other is a ratio, but it's still a little puzzling that they're totally independent). To summarize my slightly long-winded musings, I think it's worth asking (1) if we're certain that the curves are showing us what we think they're showing us and (2) if so, what happened in March 2007? Short Brigade Harvester Boris (talk) 03:54, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
- See below: #Schools/colleges banned Wikipedia in 2007. -Wikid77 09:53, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
- The chart is from a study by Howie Fung and Diederik van Liere. I can't comment on the retention plot. The active editor plot corresponds with the one from wikistats [1], which has completely independent data gathering. This broken trend line has been discussed for years. I don't know of any good explanation for why the change in 2007 was so sudden. More generally speaking I do think the steep growth up to 2007 was partly because more and more people got the news about this Next Big Thing Called Wikipedia. At some point, presumably around 2007, nearly all internet users in many countries with high internet reach were aware of Wikipedia's existence, saturation near 100%, S-curve flattened out. Then as novelty effect wore off, some people who were marginally interested, but wanted to experience the newest hype, left for the Next Big Thing. Therefore comparing our current metrics with the peak in 2007 feels somewhat artificial to me. It would have been different if we had had a longer history, say with a steady state for 10 years, and only recently numbers started to drop. Of course the often mentioned aspects like less welcoming attitude towards newbies, and progressively difficult syntax, emerging social sites, etc all played their part. But my personal hunch is that Wikipedia's fast rise to fame, and the resulting the hype factor, is often underrepresented in explaining our modest decline in editors since 2007. Erik Zachte (talk) 07:13, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
- See below: #Schools/colleges banned Wikipedia in 2007. -Wikid77 09:53, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
- What happened was the start of deletionism as a major force and crackdown on the very open culture. The first larges cale example was the Userbox wars in 2006, and crackdowns on wheel warring in 2007. Those crackdowns changed the culture from the laid back culture wikipedia had when it started. CD-Host (talk) 22:15, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
- To my knowledge, the sudden plateau of active editors in March 2007 is not the result of a change in data collection. I haven't seen any evidence that suggesting a change in either the way we capture the data, or the way "active editors" is defined. This plateau has actually been pretty well documented (see Ed Chi's paper). I actually spoke with him a while back and he was telling me that when his team started analyzing the data, they were also surprised at the sudden plateau and thought it might have been due to a glitch in the data. They conducted their own investigation and concluded that the plateau was in fact a real effect.
- I actually agree with Erik's Zachte's comment on the "hype factor." I do think part (though not all) of the rise and subsequent plateau may be explained by more and more people finding out about Wikipedia and becoming interested in the project.
- I'm not sure what you mean by the lack of any relationship between "Active editors" and "retention rate". If anything, the two seem to be inversely related. Can you clarify? Howief (talk) 16:55, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
I'm someone who started here in March 2010 and am still going quite strong here. It is my firm belief that the people who stay here are usually the people who take the time to make minor edits and read around the project pages to find something they enjoy. I started off by trying to remove the word "perished" from articles, and when I found myself enjoying it I started to branch out, eventually finding NPP. I did it quite voluntarily, but the vast majority of new users don't, and that's when they run into trouble. People who want to immediately do everything, be it trying to gain every possible userright, immediately try to set speed records as vandal fighters/NPPers, or write a brand new article, tend to get smacked down because there's no possible way they can use those tools/complete those tasks as effectively as is necessary, and as much as we want to be nice we can't mess around in those areas. As Sue says in the interview, we can't expect people to immediately become great editors; it'd be helpful to promote, for instance, WP:GOCE so editors can get a start doing something which won't run them into really severe trouble while simultaneously giving them a glimpse of just how diverse our topics are.
I also think we, the community, do understand our own dynamics better than the WMF does, and it'd be nice if the WMF acted on that premise. A look at the talkpage of New Page Triage (linked in the interview) and, dare I say, WT:IEP and WP:ACTRIAL, would indicate they're convinced they know what we need better than we do. New Page Triage will be helpful (at least to those of us who know what we're doing, which is a very small percentage of NPPers), but (the great majority of) the community rather clearly indicated what it wanted and thought was best for itself; alas, we're exactly where we were before that started. Not to say the WMF doesn't do a great deal of good work (indeed, without them I'm not typing this), but saying and doing are two different things; I'd like to see some more of the latter. The Blade of the Northern Lights (話して下さい) 04:21, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
- This graph is more than two years out of date. Are current data available? (I just noticed this because the labels are far too small to be legible unless the graph is expanded to its full size. Somebody needs to read Tufte...) Short Brigade Harvester Boris (talk) 14:38, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
- The current month-by-month data is maintained on page:
• http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediansEditsGt5.htm
- That is the same data file I analyzed to conclude the editor-decline has ended. See below:
• "#Editor base stabilized at 34,000 active editors".
- The related graph could be updated from the new data of 2009-2011. -Wikid77 11:30, 7 January 2012 (UTC)
- The current month-by-month data is maintained on page:
Note to readers
As I noted last week, we accidentally spliced the publication of this issue - see last week's Opinion essay for "the other take."he he Cheers, ResMar 21:57, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
- The two articles were meant to run in the same edition, but unfortunately, they were accidentally split into two separate editions. --SMasters (talk) 01:09, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
I've been using the word the wrong way all these years...thanks for the grammar lesson I guess. ResMar 03:35, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
- Ah, so you meant "split" and not "splice" (the latter means to join together, not to separate). Everybody happy now? Short Brigade Harvester Boris (talk) 14:30, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
Schools/colleges banned Wikipedia in 2007
I agree the drastic decline in editors by mid-2007 does not follow patterns of normal population growth. Such drastic changes often indicate a key factor, such as a change in data-collection methods, or a massive societal change, such as a war, natural disaster, or government regulation. What happened in 2007? The closest factor seems to be a trendy movement among colleges and entire local schoolboards to ban use of Wikipedia in schools near the end of the 2007 summer break, and fewer returned for the 2007-2008 school year. To research this school-ban concept, I wrote an essay listing 18 major sources about the growing WP-ban from 2007:
• WP:Schools and colleges banned WP in 2007-2008
Because U.S. schools voluntarily adopted the WP-bans, the decline would not be as drastic as if a bizarre U.S. Federal law (would be from 2006) had censored WP use after 2007, and the U.S. Govt rarely passes drastic legislation. Instead, however, when the growing support for school-bans is coupled with the yearly pattern of school vacations in May/June, then the rapid decline is worsened by students leaving for vacation, and fewer students returning to use Wikipedia in September for the next school year (2007-2008).
There is still a drop in WP editors for May/June each year, but the number returning in September has steadied over the past 2 years. The feared "free-fall decline" has ended, and globally, there are more active editors now, but slight drops in enwiki or dewiki, while Swedish WP has been unchanged as a steady number in 2011. -Wikid77 (talk) 09:53, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
Tossing the ball into the Foundation's court
As one of the two journalists involved in this story, I probably shouldn't comment; but please indulge me a little. What I say is just my personal take—not The Signpost's views or those of my co-author, Skomorokh, or anything Ms Gardner said aside from what we printed.
I think there's some truth in Erik Zachte's observation that there was always going to be flattening of the curve after the hype and after the project reached a certain level of maturity. Back in the early days, article quality and comprehensiveness were queasy, but we didn't care that much: a frontier mentality prevailed and we didn't have to compete quite so keenly for our reputation on the internet. Things started getting more serious from about 2005 onwards, and in the process, some articles that university lecturers might have once scoffed at gradually became better written than they themselves are capable of producing. We became more rule-bound (like all quality publications) and more demanding of all editors. In effect, we pulled away from "anyone can edit", and we should accept as inevitable that quality enforcement has made WP less "welcoming" to newcomers, many of whom lack the skills and patience to learn the patterns demanded of this cultural product. Openness and quality are thus pitted against each other in key respects, and although Ms Gardner points to causal connections between these phenomena, in other parts of the interview she acknowledges them as competing forces ("if we say that becoming an editor should be easy, really, that's a little delusional").
I find Ms Gardner's professionalism and dedication impressive. But the Foundation's great challenge is to engage more deeply with the editors of the Wikipedias; and by that I don't mean that their now massively increased numbers of employees should sit around passively browsing en.WP (which does happen a bit), but that a culture of actively communicating and empathising with the volunteers needs to run more deeply. One disappointing event last year was the WMF's vetoing of our community's decision to stop anon drive-by article creation; this would have required that newbies show that they're prepared to edit existing articles for just a little while before creating their first article. The WMF appears to see increases in article numbers as a highly significant metric of success, whereas a groundswell of en.WP editors know that committed long-term members come from newbies who are keen to improve articles, and are painfully aware that every stub-article created imposes large overheads on existing editors to reach a minimum level of utility for readers. Ms Gardner is aware of this "scut-work" problem, but I felt she didn't place it in this practical context.
We have reached a stage in our evolution in which we need a multi-pronged strategy to keep the labour-force growing, upskilling, and increasingly diverse. It's one thing for the Foundation to develop technical functionalities (although the visual editor does sound excellent); but we need from the WMF a commitment to partner with us in the following strategies:
- Targeting demographics out there that have the time, skills, and knowledge. Professional retirees, especially women, are just one obvious quarry, and here's a strong basis for leadership by San Francisco among the chapters, starting with the anglophones and proceeding to other languages.
- Identifying which early editing patterns are associated with people who are more likely to join the community of article improvers. Ms Gardner talked of these patterns in broad terms in the Wikimedia UK video, but can we achieve the statistical depth that is necessary? Is the WMF trying to do this?
- Riding on point 2, developing both bot-based and human-supervised identification and messaging of such likely candidates.
- Also riding on point 2, collaborating with the community to develop effective infrastructures for the human mentoring of those identified by a combination of statistical probability and human savvy. Our mentoring resources are limited and need to be carefully allocated; if we can learn how to do this, there could be a big bang for our bucks. San Francisco is best placed to coordinate the analysis and interpretation of a mentoring program, given that it probably needs to be intertwined with the technical side the WMF sees itself as occupying.
Tony (talk) 14:38, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
Editor base stabilized at 34,000 active editors
- (Updated from thread in User_talk:Jimbo_Wales/Archive_89.)
The drop in editors has ended: The October and November usage stats have confirmed, along with 3rd quarter editor counts, that the count of active editors has stabilized at nearly 34,000 active editors (>10 edits per month), since June 2011 (October: 35,028 editors). We had discussed this likely outcome, several months ago, that the "free fall" or "hemorrhaging" of editors was obviously ending, at a bottom-out count of 34,000 people who will always edit English Wikipedia each month. The usage data, for the past 6 months (June-Nov.) has confirmed this same pattern of editors staying: each month in 2011 is nearly 99% of the 2010 active-editor counts. See table:
Year April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov 2011 37,294 36,930 35,747 35,501 35,651 34,767 35,028 34,516 2010 38,991 39,286 36,270 35,856 36,429 34,874 35,443 34,764
Monthly counts: http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediansEditsGt5.htm
On average, people have stopped leaving: the count never drops below 34,000 active editors. That stability gives the WMF resource planners the controlled usage pattern they need to expect 34,000 active editors each month.
Who were those people who left? Well, along with active users who were edit-banned, about 3,000 "average editors" left in June 2010, and do not seem to have returned. I am suspecting that they were some groups of students who left in June 2010, but now the remaining 34,000 editors do not take "summer wikibreak" as others did in past years. The final core of 34,000 editors seem to work each month, regardless of the northern hemisphere summer-break period beginning in June. However, it could be that more students (or others) use home computers to continue editing Wikipedia when school ends (or on vacations).
Meanwhile, because some other-language Wikipedias are growing in active editors, such as Spanish Wikipedia, the total of all-language active Wikipedians has been growing, slightly, for the past 6 months (October: 80,630 active editors, all-languages). Anyway, the so-called "mass exit" of editors since 2007 has clearly ended. Tell the Foundation not to turn off the lights yet: those 34,000 editors intend to stay all year at the party! -Wikid77 11:30, 7 January 2012 (UTC)
More articles and page views, but less editors. Low quality of many articles
Editors are leaving for various reasons. Some editors are being driven away. See: User:Timeshifter/Unresolved content disputes
This article has been mentioned: Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2011-12-26/Opinion essay. It also has a timeline chart of active editors over the years. See it on the right.
See Page Views for Wikimedia, All Projects, All Platforms, Normalizeds. The table has monthly page views for Wikipedia over years. It looks like the total monthly page views for all Wikimedia projects in all languages has almost doubled in around 4 years.
Here are fundraiser stats over the years: Fundraiser statistics - Wikimedia Foundation. Money can not buy editors, nor quality info on Wikipedia pages.
With more articles we need more editors to bring up the quality of the articles. Many articles need to be filled in, and need a higher level of quality info, charts, images, etc.. --Timeshifter (talk) 05:49, 10 January 2012 (UTC)


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Josh Reynolds says it is "about time I grew up" as a mobile phone meditation application looms as his secret weapon to dealing with his on-field brain explosions.
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While Reynolds is adamant he does need to tamper with his style of play, the Bulldogs pivot is aware that he needs to curb his emotions after an indifferent season. Doubts surrounding his shoulder's ability to withstand contact and a string of suspensions plagued Reynolds' 2015, which led to his axing from the NSW team.
Ahead of the Bulldogs' round one clash with Manly on Friday, Reynolds has opened up about his troubles of last season and how he plans to overcome his brain snaps.
"I just realised the mental part of preparation is massive," Reynolds said at the launch of EA Sports' Plants versus Zombies: Garden Warfare 2 on Saturday.
"I used to take it a bit for granted that I'm pretty fit but now I am going into the season not worrying if my shoulder is going to hold up. I know it is.
"Everyone is like 'he has to change the way he plays'. I've always said that I can't change the way I play because that's who I am and that's how I've got here. It's about channelling my energy and picking my moments.
"It's about time I grew up."
Reynolds has explored meditation as he looks for better ways to deal with confrontations. He and new halves partner Moses Mbye are using the "Smiling Mind" application.
"It's not sitting there crossing your knees or figures," Reynolds said. "It's an app which helps you recognise things around you. It takes your mind off things. If I can get my head around little things, at crucial times when I need to be in ice cold zones it can help me out.
"It only takes a couple of minutes. You don't see massive changes but I've got better as time has gone on. When I am myself and free-flowing with a calm head I'm alright. [My emotions] got the better of me. Now I know if I get my preparation right I'm more than halfway there.
"There are not many situations in everyday life that you let your emotions get the better of you. On the footy field everyone is watching you and the pressure is on and you want to go good.
"It's about me controlling that. That 80 minutes is pretty much my life. You have to train well and do things off the field but it's the 80 minutes which you are judged on."
With close friend and calming influence Trent Hodkinson now at Newcastle, Reynolds is the senior partner in his halves combination with Mbye. Having relied on Hodkinson to be the cool head, Reynolds said he now wants to adopt that role.
"It's something that I want to make sure I help Moses out with," Reynolds said. "It wouldn't be good for me to go out there and not help him. There is a fair bit of pressure on him. He will go well. He is cool. You'll see when he plays how cool and calm he is.
"Trent was really good for me. I've matured a little bit. Everything you do, whether before or after training has a bit of an impact on what you do at training. For me that's really helped me.
"I haven't come to terms with how easy it can be. Before I would let things bottle up and it had a lot to do with it last year."

subset: commoncrawl


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Ethan & Leo - EuroCreme
Models: Leo Marco and Ethan White
Studio: Euro Creme
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Cavs Marine & Mower Services (previously Hunts Outboards) have been servicing the Tully, Mission Beach and Ingham areas since 1990. New owners Sonia and Don Cavallaro have taken over the family run business orgianally established in 1976 and are putting new life into the history clad walls.
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text: providence journal New Media Moving Ahead With Plans For ProJo Cuts By Ian Donnis • Aug 29, 2014 File Photo / RIPR New Media Investment Group "will make offers of employment to most of the current employees" at the Providence Journal, according to an email sent at 5 pm Thursday, and the ProJo's longtime publisher, Howard Sutton, is on his way out at Fountain Street. The Bottom Line: Another Look At The Providence Journal Sale By Dave Fallon • Aug 8, 2014 How will the sale of the Providence Journal affect labor contracts, small businesses, and the state's other newspapers? We discuss all these questions on this week's episode of the Bottom Line. Media consultant and former managing editor at the Providence Journal, Bill Ostendorf joins Rhode Island Public Radio's Dave Fallon, along with Providence Business News editor Mark Murphy to do the numbers. When to Listen You can hear The Bottom Line each Friday at 5:50 pm. SEC Filing Suggests GateHouse Media May Cut Up to 40 at ProJo By Ian Donnis • Jul 30, 2014 Molly Malinowski / RIPR A US Securities and Exchange Commission filing outlining GateHouse Media's purchase of the Providence Journal suggests GateHouse may cut up to 40 jobs once the deal for Rhode Island's statewide daily closes later this year. Providence Journal Sold For $46 Million To NY Based Company By RIPR Newsroom • Jul 23, 2014 Molly Milanowski / RIPR Rhode Island's largest newspaper, The Providence Journal, has been sold. The daily paper will soon be owned by the parent company of GateHouse Media. New Media Investment Group agreed to buy The Providence Journal for $46 million in a deal expected to close later this year. The company already owns dozens of newspapers, including The Cape Cod Times, and The Taunton Gazette. The sale does not include the newspaper's downtown Providence headquarters. Scharfenberg, Former Providence Phoenix News Editor, Headed to the Boston Globe By Ian Donnis • May 21, 2014 Kudos and congrats to former Providence Phoenix news editor David Scharfenberg, who is set to join the Boston Globe's Statehouse reporting team. Scharfenberg left the Phoenix last year to cover politics for WBUR, the Boston public radio station. He begins at the Globe June 9, as one of two new hires at the daily. TGIF: 12 Things to Know About Rhode Island Politics & Media By Ian Donnis • May 16, 2014 Thanks for stopping by for my Friday column. You can follow me through the week on the twitters and your thoughts and feedback are welcome at idonnis (at) ripr (dot) org. Let's head in. TGIF: 12 Things to Know About Rhode Island Politics & Media By Ian Donnis • May 2, 2014 A hint of summer in the air as we tap away this afternoon, so welcome back to my Friday column, where your tips and thoughts are always welcome via idonnis (at) ripr (dot). You can follow my news and notes through the week via the twitters. Here we go. ProJo Medical Reporter Felice Freyer Heading to The Boston Globe By Ian Donnis • May 2, 2014 In a significant loss for the Providence Journal, one of its most expert and experienced beat reporters, medical writer Felice Freyer, is leaving in early June to take a job at The Boston Globe. Should Warwick taxpayers subsidize Ray McKay's Senate bid? By Scott MacKay • Apr 29, 2014 Raymond McKay's Republican U.S. Senate candidacy seems to depend on his legal battle with Warwick city officials over whether he should be allowed to keep his city job while he runs for office. Local media outlets have much of McKay's alleged ``right'' to run for any office he chooses. Steve Brown of the R.I. Chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union told the Providence Journal that the Warwick city ordinance that bars classified municipal employees from running for office is ``overly broad'' and too restrictive. TGIF: 15 Things to Know About Rhode Island Politics & Media By Ian Donnis • Apr 25, 2014 Welcome back to my weekly column. Your tips and thoughts are always welcome at idonnis (at) ripr (dot) org, and you can follow me through the week on the twitters. Let's get to it. TGIF: 15 Things to Know About Rhode Island Media & Politics By Ian Donnis • Apr 18, 2014 Thanks for stopping by for my weekly column. Your tips and thoughts are always welcome at idonnis (at) ripr (dot) org, and my short missives can be found on the twitters. Let's head right in: Celebrated Pro Jo Cartoonist Don Bousquet Retiring By John Bender • Apr 2, 2014 Don Bousquet After more than thirty years with the Providence Journal, celebrated Rhode Island cartoonist Don Bousquet is retiring. Bousquet contributed thousands of cartoons, lampooning Rhode Island life to the Journal, which ran two per week. He said coming up with his signature, single panel style, was easy. "I wanted to be a New Yorker cartoonist because somewhere I heard they paid eight hundred dollars for a single panel cartoon," said Bousquet. TGIF: 22 Things to Know About Rhode Island Politics & Media By Ian Donnis • Mar 14, 2014 It's a time of transition, in the weather, the political landscape (item #1), and the media (#5), so thanks for stopping by for my Friday column. Your thoughts and tips are always welcome, and you can follow me all week long on the twitters. Let's get to it. Marcelo Leaving ProJo for Boston AP Job By Ian Donnis • Mar 10, 2014 Phil Marcelo, part of the Providence Journal's three-person Statehouse bureau, plans to leave the newspaper after seven years to take a reporting job with the Boston office of The Associated Press, Marcelo tells me. His start date is March 31. In part, the change reflects how the AP has emerged as a stable source of reporting jobs amid continued uncertainty in the newspaper industry. Marcelo's Statehouse predecessor, Steve Peoples, who left the ProJo for a job with Roll Call in 2010, has fared well since joining the AP. Steve Brown retiring as publisher of Providence Phoenix By Scott MacKay • Mar 4, 2014 Stephen L. Brown, longtime associate publisher of the Providence Phoenix, is leaving the alternative newspaper after a career of nearly four decades as a leader in New England's alternative newspaper landscape. Brown, of Jamestown, turns 60 next month. Steve started in newspapering at the University of Vermont, where he began working on the student newspaper, `The Vermont Cynic' as an undergraduate in the 1970s. Pages« first ‹ previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 next › last »


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Observer, writer, runner, coach and Community Manager at @ConsumerBell for http://blog.consumerbell.com.
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@SuperGlueMom check out what we createdddd. #eggnog cookies all over the place in this kitchen
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Both boys and girls #Garfield XC teams advance to districts on Oct. 29, boys win kingco for 1st time in garfield hist.
King County Varsity Boys Championship results 1. Garfield (60) 2. Redmond (86) 3. Skyline (85) #gxcbulldgos #winning
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@mattdrange @haynhaole @KDorset @ScottGoforth #graduating
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text:
Are you wondering how big and fast-growing the data center industry is? Ask yourself that question the next time you make a purchase with a charge or debit card.
September Issue 2007
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| September 2007
| September 2007
The embattled Cape Wind project got a boost this spring from the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs.
| September 2007
Earlier this summer, as its session drew to a close, the Oregon State Legislature passed a bevy of bills to boost the state's renewable energy market.
| September 2007
Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have developed an inexpensive solar cell that can be painted or printed on flexible plastic sheets.
| September 2007
The Massachusetts electricity provider NSTAR—which transmits and delivers electricity to more than 1 million electric customers in 81 communities in eastern and central Massa


text: [Intermediate: Accordance 8] This podcast is the first in a series of episodes covering all of the Commands and Symbols Accordance has to offer. Connecting Commands are commands that 'connect' two words or phrases together. You'll learn what each command does, how to easily insert them, and why they can be useful for more advanced Bible study.


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Since 2001, YouWorkForThem's mission has been to be the world's best source for design resources. We are privately owned and run by designers, and not subject to shareholders or bottom line.
It's our accessibility, care, and attention to detail that allows us to have brands like Apple, Amazon, Delta Airlines, Whole Foods, BMW, Starbuck's Coffee, Nickelodeon, Dropbox, T-Mobile, West Elm, Victoria's Secret, Nike, Diesel, Burton Snowboards, ABC News, Wired Magazine, Cartoon Network, Sony Music, Coca-Cola, Samsung, Bloomberg, The New York Times, Harvard University, Yale University, Huffington Post, Valve Software, Yahoo, Time Inc, Starwood Hotels and Resorts, Penguin Random House, Warner Brothers and the band U2 as our clients.
They, and we, understand that great brands need investment and care. For us, that means investing in and caring about design and designers.
We pledge to keep providing the most usable, affordable, fonts and stock art in the world, while remaining easy and accessible. We're happy to help you with any needs or questions you may have.
Michael Paul Young (Creative Director & Founder)
Michael Paul Young's project Designgraphik helped to shape online design throughout the late 90s and early 00s, and earned him a Chrysler Design Award nomination at age 23. He founded YouWorkForThem in 2001, and now serves as Creative Director and sole owner.
Young's innovative work has been exhibited worldwide, from the 500,000 LED pixels of U2's 360° Tour to a 70-foot tall projection on Richard Meier's The Hague City Hall. He has won the Clio and the Cannes Gold Cyber Lion, as well as many other awards, and is a sought-after speaker at the world's most renowned design festivals.
Michael Madill (Corporate Licensing)
Thippawan Khandha (Human Resources)


text:
KALAMAZOO, Mich. A Kalamazoo trucking company with offices in Perrysburg ceased operations yesterday after 67 years in business, citing rising fuel costs and weakened demand in the automotive parts sector.
Alvan Motor Freight Inc. employed approximately 525 people across the Midwest, including an unknown number at its Perrysburg terminal. James Van Zoeren, the company s president and chief executive officer, also cited the credit crisis and overcapacity in the trucking industry.


text:
"I want to express my sincere appreciation for everything you and your team did to make Sarah's wedding so beautiful! Your keen attention to detail and excellent service throughout the day and late into the evening made this event very special. Please extend my compliments to the chef and everyone involved in preparing the food. It was absolutely delicious and beautifully presented!"
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The Hospitality Group is a full service event agency with offices in Amsterdam, Eindhoven en Maastricht. We are a young and dynamic company with a lot of experience in hosting and organizing events for a distinct group of people, companies and brands. We have been responsible for numerous successful marketing events and promotions, awesome parties, flawlessly organized conferences and the most amazing weddings. Our company consists of a in-house team with which we offer event management, hospitality and catering, IT and design. Together with a large network of event professionals we are able to facilitate tech support, setup, styling, entertainment and overall management to create events from 50 up to 5000 guests, without losing the focus to what really matters; Creating unforgettable memories through experiences.
Welcome to our team of passionate professionals,
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Ladies first please


text:
Nature's Way, Licorice Root, 450 mg, 100 Veggie Caps
- You earn loyalty credit for every order you place at iHerb!
- Loyalty credit is equal to 10% of the value of your order, excluding shipping charges.
- Your loyalty credit will be applied towards your next order as soon as your current order has shipped.
- Your loyalty credits are valid for up to 60 days from the date of your last purchase.
This product is already in your Wish List.
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Expiration Date:?Apr 2021Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.18 lbs (0.08 kg)Shipping WeightThe Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: NWY-14600
- UPC Code: 033674146002
- Package Quantity: 100 Veggie Caps
- Dimensions: 2 x 2 x 4.1 in, 0.15 lbs (0.07 kg)
|Combo Discount:
|- $4.00
- Premium Herbal
- Non GMO Project Verified
- Dietary Supplement
- Certified Authentic TRU-ID
- Vegetarian
Health through the power of nature that's what it means to Trust the Leaf.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root is traditionally used to soothe digestion. Our Licorice is carefully tested and produced to superior quality standards.
Suggested Use
Take 2 capsules three times daily, preferably with food.
Other Ingredients
Plant-derived capsule (modified cellulose).
Gluten Free. No sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, soy, corn, dairy products, artificial colors, flavors or preservatives.
Caution: Do not use this product if you are pregnant, nursing, have high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. If you are taking any medications, consult a healthcare professional before use.
Keep out of reach of children. Safety sealed with printed outer shrinkwrap and inner seal. Do not use if either is broken or missing.
|Supplement Facts
|Serving Size: 2 Capsules
|Serving Per Container: 50
|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value
|Total Carbohydrate
|<1 g
|Licorice (root)
|900 mg
|†Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
**Daily Value not established.
i take this for adrenal exhaustion, two caps three times a day and contribute it to my hair growth. have been on it for almost five months.
Licorice did help with my fatigue due to adrenal problems, but I have to take it a few times a day.
Posted by 5464921366279637690 on Oct 20, 2016
Helped me to Candida (With caps Gingr and garlic)
Posted by 5359340525605705322 on Oct 01, 2016
It does help at least with appetite and stomach is working way better , as I am using combo of herbs it works very well ,anyway, first good results I do notice after a month or even two as it comes smoothly .
Reduce testosterone
Posted by 5651439659186883551 on Sep 30, 2016
I have PCOS and this product helped me to reduce testosterone levels.
Very good
Posted by 4947203165467789116 on Aug 23, 2016
Very good
good for my trycegrides bad for blood pressure
Posted by 5113275771700385711 on Jul 10, 2016
good for my trycegrides bad for my blood pressure


text:
Urban Estates
4521 Executive Dr
Naples, FL 34119 Phone number & directions
4521 Executive Dr
Naples, FL 34119 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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text: Explore Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan Island Fujian Guangdong Hainan Island Share QUANZHOU, a small, prosperous and sympathetically preserved town 150km southwest of Fuzhou on the coastal highway to Xiamen, was for centuries a great port. Sitting astride trade routes that reached southeast to Indonesian Maluku, and west to Africa and Europe, the city became uniquely cosmopolitan, with tens of thousands of Arabs and Persians settling here, some of them to make colossal fortunes – the Arabs of Quanzhou are also believed responsible for introducing to the West the Chinese inventions of the compass, gunpowder and printing. The Song dynasty saw the peak of Quanzhou's fortunes, when the old Silk Road through northwestern China into Central Asia was falling prey to banditry and war, deflecting trade seawards along the Maritime Silk Road. Marco Polo visited Quanzhou around this time; the Italian Andrew Perugia, Quanzhou's third Catholic bishop, died here in 1332, having supervised the building of a cathedral; and fourteen years later the great Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta saw the port bustling with large junks. But by the Qing era, the city was suffering from overcrowding and a decaying harbour, and an enormous exodus began, with people seeking new homes across Southeast Asia. Day-trips from Quanzhou


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2008 Adegas Gran Vinum Esencia Divina Albarino Rias Baixas
Producer: Adegas Gran Vinum
Style: White Wine
Grape Type: Albarino
Origin: Spain
Region: Rias Baixas
90 Points | Stephen Tanzer's IWC - July/August 2009
($23) Bright straw. Highly perfumed bouquet of tangerine, white flowers, brown spices and talc. Vibrant and precise, offering tangy citrus and floral flavors and slow-mounting mineral character. Finishes with very good clarity and mineral cut, repeating the floral and spicy qualities.


text:
White Masculinity in the Recent South
Publication Year: 2008
Published by: Louisiana State University Press
Series: Making the Modern South
Title Page, Copyright
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p. vii
Editing this collection has been a pleasure as well as an education. Thanks to series editor David Goldfield and Rand Dotson at Louisiana State University Press for believing in the project and for offering much-appreciated encouragement. Craig Friend provided a thorough and expert reading of the manuscript....
Introduction: Telling White Men's Stories
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pp. 1-29
During a 1991 trip to my southwest Mississippi hometown, my wife and I visited one of the city's main downtown businesses, a men's clothing store. The store's proprietor, a pillar of the First Baptist Church, was also an early and enthusiastic investor in local boy Bernie Ebbers's feloniously run telecommunications giant WorldCom, but that is another story. One of the businessman's sons recently had...
Church Camping and White Southern Manhood: Evangelical Males and Christian Primitivism, 1920s–1970s
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pp. 30-45
Beginning in the 1920s, it became popular for evangelical white southerners to send their children to church-run camp. Enthusiasm for these camps peaked in the 1940s and 1950s. Most camps were segregated by gender, providing either separate places or separate times for male and female campers. The lessons camp organizers tried to teach young campers dramatized the religious ideals evangelicals...
Where the Action Is: Interstate Rest Areas, the Creation of Gay Space, and the Recovery of a Lost Narrative
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pp. 46-62
I grew up in Conway, Arkansas, and the rest area where the trouble began was only twenty miles down Interstate 40 toward Little Rock. Though I was only thirteen years old at the time, I do remember the arrests that commanded headlines across the state. The battle they began was over not only the use and misuse of a public place but also the creation and facilitation of a gay identity and space in the...
Political Parties: College Social Fraternities, Manhood, and the Defense of Southern Traditionalism, 1945–1960
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pp. 63-85
At the end of World War II, numerous college social fraternities, led by members who were returning war veterans, initiated a debate over discriminatory racial and religious policies within their organizations. From the late 1940s into the 1950s, the New York Times, the New Yorker, and Time magazines, educational journals, and local newspapers joined fraternities over this hotly bandied topic. Greek...
A Real Man's Place: Attitudes and Environment at a Southern Deer Camp
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pp. 86-98
It is the humidity, not the heat—so the cliché goes—that makes summers in the Deep South so famously oppressive. But when August's dog days and autumn's pleasant weather are gone, the region's moist climate is also responsible for wet, uncomfortable winters. The fields and forests, framed by flat gray skies and seemingly ceaseless rains, are muted, no longer thick with riotous vegetation and the...
A Question of Honor: Masculinity and Massive Resistance to Integration
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pp. 99-120
Howard University professor Roosevelt Williams gripped the podium with both hands as he addressed the Mississippi NAACP audience in December 1954. Williams began by paying his respects to the black Mississippians who helped to pave the way for the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision, which overturned racial segregation. He then lauded the efforts of African American soldiers...
The Boycotting of Coach Rutter: Manhood, Race, and Authority in Post-1970 Mississippi
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pp. 121-145
John Grisham's novel Bleachers (2003) reminds us just how seriously some Mississippians take their football. The novel centers on the reconciliatory funeral of long-time Messina High School football coach Eddie Rake, a hated but beloved figure whose legendary tenure ended after a particularly intense practice killed a player. Coach Rake led the Spartans to a Harlem Globetrotter–like streak of...
Neo-Confederates in the Basement: The League of the South and the Crusade against Southern Emasculation
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pp. 146-171
It has often been said that, though Germany and Japan lost the war, they won the peace. By the same measure, it might also be said that the South lost its war but won the peace that followed—and did so by, as Walker Percy put it, "taking over the national myth."1 Percy was, of course, referring to what some have dubbed the...
"The Most Man in the World": Nathan Bedford Forrest and the Cult of Southern Masculinity
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pp. 172-185
In 1998, Nathan Bedford Forrest, brandishing a pistol and a sword, emerged from the Tennessee woods atop his horse, two stories tall and surrounded by Confederate flags and barbed wire. Located in a small private park outside of Nashville and sculpted by Jack Kershaw, an avowed segregationist and one-time attorney to Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassin, the Forrest statue ostensibly represented the...
White Southern Masculinity and Southern Comfort: An Interview with Kate Davis
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pp. 186-205
Kate Davis's film Southern Comfort focuses on the last year of Robert Eads, a fifty-two-year-old female-to-male transsexual, who is dying of ovarian cancer. Although the film, winner of the Sundance 2001 Grand Jury Prize for Feature Documentary, describes the difficulties Robert had in getting treatment for his cancer because of...
Doctor's Son
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pp. 206-219
When I was very small, I sometimes confused my father with Mark Twain. This is not as improbable as it sounds. My father was born in 1910, the year Twain died, and I easily conflated these two events, imagining a transmigration of spirit, I suppose, engendered by Halley's Comet. I didn't know that Twain died in April, while my father was born in October, but it wouldn't have mattered. My father loved...
Drinking Poisoned Waters: Traumatized Masculinity and White Southern Identity in Contemporary Family Memoirs
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pp. 220-233
Near the beginning of his 1997 memoir Power in the Blood: An Odyssey of Discovery in the American South, author John Bentley Mays describes his descent during his early adulthood into acute depression. Although the breakdown stemmed from his repressed grief over his parents' death when he was a child, Mays explicitly links it to his misguided, obsessional identification with a mythic South he associated...
Ratliff and the Demise of Male Mastery: Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy and Cold War Masculinity
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pp. 234-250
When William Faulkner talked in the 1950s about the Snopeses, characters who had haunted his imagination throughout his long career, he resorted to words and images that resonated with the language of cold war fears and anxieties.1 At the University of Virginia interview sessions, he noted that the Snopeses represented "the idea of a tribe of people which would come into an otherwise peaceful little...
Where Has the Free Bird Flown?: Lynyrd Skynyrd and White Southern Manhood
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pp. 251-266
When Neil Young sang "Southern Man" (1970) and "Alabama" (1971), the songs that provoked Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama" (1974), he provided the most obvious in what was (and would be) a host of insults and boasts from the Los Angeles–based country rockers who dominated California country rock music in the late 1960s and early...
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pp. 267-269
Print-ISBN-13: 9780807133149
Page Count: 280
Publication Year: 2008
Series Title: Making the Modern South
See more Books in this Series
MUSE Marc Record: Download for White Masculinity in the Recent South


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DOOMWORLD All your favorite ports and map editors
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bigbadgangsta said:
Sounds great. Can't wait for an official release! I'd like the newest beta though ;)
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Gimme EDF!!!
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#143 - mrtwilightsparkle
Reply +5 123456789123345869(03/23/2012) [-]
Actually, bass is EXTREMELY important. It has the base of the music. Drums keep the rhythm, sure, but the bass is what the rest of the instruments build off of. Without the bass, nothing is pulled together correctly.
Not to mention bass guitar sounds ******* beautiful.
Not to mention bass guitar sounds ******* beautiful.
#150 to #143 - thebesttrumpeteer
Reply 0 123456789123345869(03/23/2012) [-]
bass is time and drums are style.
#147 to #146 - mrtwilightsparkle
Reply +2 123456789123345869(03/23/2012) [-]
That doesn't make you unimportant either, as OP was suggesting. Nowhere did I suggest bass was the most important instrument.
#152 to #148 - thebesttrumpeteer
Reply 0 123456789123345869(03/23/2012) [-]
everyone started somewhere. (except for ****** pop musicians, they just flash their money)
#149 to #148 - mrtwilightsparkle
Reply 0 123456789123345869(03/23/2012) [-]
.... Do you not understand that meme? Because it quite clearly says that he finds bass unimportant.
#151 to #149 - gammajk
Reply 0 123456789123345869(03/23/2012) [-]
It's not saying "bass is unimportant". If you actually read it and comprehend it, it's implying that he, like all of us, have heard too many ****** bassists glorify themselves about how they play bass. That's the entire point of that meme is making fun of the stereotypical **** people say/do in a certain situation.


text:
Yes, but Safety Cameras is Unselectable.
...and you DO have the speedcams inside the relevant map FOLDER?
Please do not post "thanks" but use the "reputation" star(*) bottom/left or "like" bottom/left buttonsS i m p l e s
PS If you find any dead links on MY posts please pm me & I'll try to fix/reload
Ok, so weird thing Happened, Solved my Issue.
I had used DSA to update my Bootloader, and a short while after that,
I was browsing through the TomTom Main Menu,
And towards the end, I noticed it said Skin Chooser, Icon image said DSA in blue and TT in red.
So, I selected that, went through the steps it gave me, and updated the images on my TomTom!
Better looking UI, and from there, now Speed Cameras is selectable, and I've set it to give me alerts!
Are cast warnings, icons , and voices within the "Map" folder ... ??
A greeting
Tomtom speedcams Europe 21-06-2016
Hello and thanks to all the people that help us. Do not need the image for the radars? or the voice? Only to activate .Ov2? thank you
1 - on your choice
2 - on your choice
3 - yes!!!
TomTom_Speedcams_Premium Normali_2016.07.05.
Spoiler: Data link:This post requires you to click the "LIKE this post" button and hit F5 to read this content.
Pass: Cserrobi
Everybody thinks the way they want, and squirell can have opinion about the lynx.