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Jimmy Choo Eau de Parfum£24 instead of £39 for a 40ml bottle of Jimmy Choo Eau de Parfum – save 38%
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- Get a 40ml bottle of Jimmy Choo Eau de Parfum.
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Full Details
We're firm believers of saying it rather than spraying it, but when you've got something that smells as sweet as today's deal, we'll spray it loud and spray it proud…
Today we're offering you a 40ml bottle of Jimmy Choo Eau de Parfum for just £24, comparing to Debenham's price of £39 (correct as of 18.2.14).
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Posted onKevin Sullivan assesses the prospects for settling long-running conflicts in the Philippines in the context of continuing human rights violations, including enforced disappearances The...
At an event organized by the International Commission on Missing Persons in The Hague on 8 July 2016, family members of missing persons from around the world described how they joined forces with others who had suffered the same trauma, in order to seek the truth about the fate of their loved ones.
On 27 January 2016, the UN Security Council held an Arria Formula Meeting on accounting for missing persons from conflict, human rights abuses, disasters, organized crime, migration and other involuntary causes. The briefing was organized by the International Commission on Missing Persons and hosted by the United Kingdom Mission to the UN.
El Salvador becomes the sixth country to sign the Agreement on the Status and Functions of the International Commission on Missing Persons. The Agreement recognizes ICMP as an international organization tasked with assisting countries in their efforts to address missing persons cases from conflict, human rights abuses, disasters, organized crime, migration and other causes.
The first Conference of State Parties of the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) was held at the Foreign Ministry of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in The Hague.
Director-General Bomberger, Foreign Minister Koenders sign Agreement establishing ICMP's international headquarters in the Netherlands.
The Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons met with the Chairman of the BiH Council of Ministers in Sarajevo today
The International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) can serve as a model for creating "a light but efficient modern international organization", Her Majesty Queen Noor of Jordan said on 23th November during a presentation at the Blavatnik School of Government in Oxford.
The Foreign Ministers of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, and Luxembourg today signed a Framework Agreement that grants a new legal status to ICMP.
Click here for full recording of ICMP's 8 July Profiles of the Missing conference in The Hague
The Government of Colombia and the FARC guerrilla movement have achieved a breakthrough in peace negotiations
News stories dealing with enforced disappearances and missing persons cases from around the world
Colombia's Ambassador to the Netherlands hosted a meeting of diplomats from the GRULAC in The Hague to highlight the work of the ICMP


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Arts, Design, Fashion & Beauty, Visual ArtsFollow
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Learn what inspires the top 5 designers from the first substantive website devoted to men's fashion and lifestyle. The online home of GQ and Details, Men.style video podcasts speaks to the sophisticated male viewer who spends time and money on his appearance and surroundings.
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Creators of the upcoming humor and advice book, Laura Lane and Angela Spera candidly breakdown real-life dating disasters with a new "reason why you're single" every week.


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Index of content:
Volume 123, Issue 2, February 2008
Acoustical News—USA123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828218View Description Hide Description
Abstract not available.
- Top
Acoustical News—International123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2827511View Description Hide Description
Abstract not available.
- Top
Adaptive wave field synthesis123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828216View Description Hide Description
Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a sound field reproduction technology which assumes that the reproduction environment is anechoic. A real reproduction space reduces the objective accuracy of WFS. This research involves the improvement of WFS performance by active noise control and adaptive filters. Simulations of sound field reproduction in a three-dimensional space show the physical possibility of progressive sound field reproduction in a closed space on the basis of optimal control of the reproduction errors at a sensor array. The proposed solution is adaptive wave field synthesis (AWFS). The originality of AWFS is the combination of the minimization of the reproduction error along with a penalty for any departure from the WFS solution. AWFS is theoretically analyzed on the basis of singular value decomposition. This suggests that the AWFS underlying mechanism is independent radiation mode control. Two adaptive algorithms for AWFS are developed. An experimental AWFS system is tested in different rooms (hemi-anechoic, laboratory, reverberant). It shows that AWFS performs better than WFS: AWFS significantly reduces the room effects on sound field reproduction. The algorithm based on independent radiation mode control contributes to the enlargement of the effective reproduction region. The thesis is written in French and in English.
Multifrequency ultrasound radiation force excitation and motion detection of harmonically vibrating scatterers123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2835228View Description Hide Description
Elasticity imaging is a medical imaging modality that creates images based on the mechanical response of tissue. In some techniques, ultrasound radiation force has been used to deform tissue and ultrasonic or other techniques detect the tissue displacement. The focus of this dissertation was development of methods utilizing multiple ultrasound frequencies simultaneously to produce multifrequency harmonic radiation force and development of harmonic motion detection techniques adapted for vibrometry with simultaneous radiation force excitation. Beamforming for multifrequency radiation force was developed analytically, numerically, and experimentally. Sample applications in the fields of vibrometry and vibro-acoustic breast imaging are shown. Numerical models for harmonic motion detection of a vibrating reflective target and a vibrating scattering medium were developed. Parametric analyses were performed to extensively analyze the error in the vibration amplitude and phase measurements. An experimental method using multifrequency radiation force and harmonic motion detection with a single transducer is described and experimental results for a reflective target and scattering medium are shown. This work produced techniques for excitation and measurement of small amplitude harmonic motion for performing vibro-acoustography and vibrometry in a multiplexed manner. Models of vibration responses were developed to further understanding of current and future applications in vibro-acoustography and vibrometry.
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Reviews Of Acoustical Patents123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2824504View Description Hide Description
The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Printed copies of United States Patents may be ordered at $3.00 each from the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Washington, DC 20231. Patents are available via the Internet at http://www.uspto.gov.
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Stresses and displacements for some Rayleigh-type surface acoustic waves propagating on an anisotropic half space123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821978View Description Hide Description
Specific relations between mechanical displacements and stresses for Rayleigh-type surface acoustic waves propagating on an anisotropic half space are demonstrated. For 16 symmetry configurations belonging to the orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal and cubic systems, involving only two displacement and stress components, it is shown that the ratio between the shear and normal stresses inside the propagation media is equal to the ratio between the normal and in-plane displacement components at the free surface. This result generalizes the previous one obtained in the case of an isotropic solid [W. Hassan and P. B. Nagy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.104, 3107–3110 (1998)].
Comment on "Mutual suppression in the region of sensitive chinchilla cochleae" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am.121, 2805–2818 (2007)]123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821414View Description Hide Description
Rhode [J. Acoust. Soc. Am.121, 2805–2818 (Year: 2007)] acknowledges that two-tone neural rate responses for low-side suppression differ from those measured in basilar membrane mechanics, making one question whether this aspect of suppression has a mechanical correlate. It is suggested here that signal coding between mechanical and neural processing stages may be responsible for the fact that the total rate response (but not the basilar membrane response) for low-frequency suppressors is smaller than that for the probe-alone condition. For example, the velocity dependence of inner hair cell (IHC) transduction, membrane/synaptic filtering and the sensitivity difference between ac and dc components of the IHC receptor potential all serve to reduce excitability for low-side suppressors at the single-unit level. Hence, basilar membrane mechanics may well be the source of low-side suppression measured in the auditory nerve.
Speech recognition in noise as a function of highpass-filter cutoff frequency for people with and without low-frequency cochlear dead regions123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2823497View Description Hide Description
Regions in the cochlea with very few functioning inner hair cells and/or neurons are called "dead regions" (DRs). Previously, we measured the recognition of highpass-filtered nonsense syllables as a function of filter cutoff frequency for hearing-impaired people with and without low-frequency (apical) DRs [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 542–553 (2007)]. DRs were diagnosed using the TEN(HL) test, and psychophysical tuning curves were used to define the edge frequency more precisely. Stimuli were amplified differently for each ear, using the "Cambridge formula." The present study was similar, but the speech was presented in speech-shaped noise at a signal-to-noise ratio of . For subjects with low-frequency hearing loss but without DRs, scores were high (65–80%) for low cutoff frequencies and worsened with increasing cutoff frequency above about . For subjects with low-frequency DRs, performance was poor (20–40%) for the lowest cutoff frequency, improved with increasing cutoff frequency up to about , and then worsened. As for speech in quiet, these results indicate that people with low-frequency DRs are able to make effective use of frequency components that fall in the range to , but that frequency components below have deleterious effects.
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An improved acoustical wave propagator method and its application to a duct structure123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821971View Description Hide Description
The pseudospectral time-domain method has long been used to describe the acoustical wave propagation. However, due to the limitation and difficulties of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in dealing with nonperiodic problems, the dispersion error is inevitable and the numerical accuracy greatly decreases after the waves arrive at the boundary. To resolve this problem, the Lagrange–Chebyshev interpolation polynomials were used to replace the previous FFT, which, however, brings in an additional restriction on the time step. In this paper, a mapped Chebyshev method is introduced, providing the dual benefit of preserving the spectral accuracy and overcoming the time step restriction at the same time. Three main issues are addressed to assess the proposed technique: (a) Spatial derivatives in the system operator and the boundary treatment; (b) parameter selections; and (c) the maximum time step in the temporal operator. Furthermore, a numerical example involving the time-domain evolution of wave propagation in a duct structure is carried out, with comparisons to those obtained by Euler method, the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, and the exact analytical solution, to demonstrate the numerical performance of the proposed technique.
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Three wave mixing test of hyperelasticity in highly nonlinear solids: Sedimentary rocks123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821968View Description Hide Description
Measurements of three-wave mixing amplitudes on solids whose third order elastic constants have also been measured by means of the elasto-acoustic effect are reported. Because attenuation and diffraction are important aspects of the measurement technique results are analyzed using a frequency domain version of the KZK equation, modified to accommodate an arbitrary frequency dependence to the attenuation. It is found that the value of so deduced for poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) agrees quite well with that predicted from the stress-dependent sound speedmeasurements, establishing that PMMA may be considered a hyperelastic solid, in this context. The values of sedimentary rocks, though they are typically two orders of magnitude larger than, e.g., PMMA's, are still a factor of 3–10 less than those predicted from the elasto-acoustic effect. Moreover, these samples exhibit significant heterogeneity on a centimeter scale, which heterogeneity is not apparent from a measurement of the position dependent sound speed.
Measurements of inner and outer streaming vortices in a standing waveguide using laser doppler velocimetry123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828059View Description Hide Description
Measurements of the axial streaming velocity are performed by means of laser doppler velocimetry in an experimental apparatus consisting of a waveguide having loudspeakers at each end for high intensity sound levels. Streaming is characterized by an appropriate Reynolds number, the case corresponding to the so-called slow streaming and the case being referred to as fast streaming. The variation of axial streaming velocity with respect to the transverse coordinate is compared to the available slow streaming theory. Streaming fluid flow is measured both in the core region and in the near wall region. Streaming velocity in the center of the guide agrees reasonably well with the slow streaming theory for small but deviates significantly from such predictions for and its evolution for further increasing is discussed. Then streaming behavior in the near wall region is particularly studied. For , two vortices are present across the guide section as predicted by slow streaming theory. Then it appears that, when the Reynolds number is increased, two other vortices become visible in the near wall region. Different stages for the generation and evolution of these inner streaming vortices are presented.
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Numerical evaluation of tree canopy shape near noise barriers to improve downwind shielding123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828052View Description Hide Description
The screen-induced refraction of sound by wind results in a reduced noise shielding for downwind receivers. Placing a row of trees behind a highway noise barrier modifies the wind field, and this was proven to be an important curing measure in previous studies. In this paper, the wind field modification by the canopy of trees near noise barriers is numerically predicted by using common quantitative tree properties. A realistic range of pressure resistance coefficients are modeled, for two wind speed profiles. As canopy shape influences vertical gradients in the horizontal component of the wind velocity, three typical shapes are simulated. A triangular crown shape, where the pressure resistance coefficient is at maximum at the bottom of the canopy and decreases linearly toward the top, is the most interesting configuration. A canopy with uniform aerodynamic properties with height behaves similarly at low wind speeds. The third crown shape that was modeled is the ellipse form, which has a worse performance than the first two types, but still gives a significant improvement compared to barriers without trees. With increasing wind speed, the optimum pressure resistance coefficient increases. Coniferous trees are more suited than deciduous trees to increase the downwind noise barrier efficiency.
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The impact of water column variability on horizontal wave number estimation and mode based geoacoustic inversion results123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821976View Description Hide Description
The influence of water column variability on low-frequency, shallow water geoacoustic inversion results is considered. The data are estimates of modal eigenvalues obtained from measurements of a point source acoustic field using a horizontal aperture array in the water column. The inversion algorithm is based on perturbations to a background waveguidemodel with seabed properties consistent with the measuredeigenvalues. Water column properties in the background model are assumed to be known, as would be obtained from conductivity, temperature, and depth measurements. The scope of this work in addressing the impact of water column variability on inversion is twofold. Range-dependent propagation effects as they pertain to eigenvalue estimation are first considered. It is shown that mode coupling is important even for weak internal waves and can enhance modal eigenvalue estimates. Second, the effect of the choice of background sound speed profile in the water column is considered for its impact on the estimated bottom acoustic properties. It is shown that a range-averaged sound velocity profile yields the best geoacoustic parameter estimates.
Geoacoustic inversion by mode amplitude perturbation123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821975View Description Hide Description
This paper introduces a perturbative inversion algorithm for determining sea floor acoustic properties, which uses modal amplitudes as input data. Perturbative inverse methods have been used in the past to estimate bottom acoustic properties in sediments, but up to this point these methods have used only the modal eigenvalues as input data. As with previous perturbative inversion methods, the one developed in this paper solves the nonlinear inverse problem using a series of approximate, linear steps. Examples of the method applied to synthetic and experimental data are provided to demonstrate the method's feasibility. Finally, it is shown that modal eigenvalueand amplitude perturbation can be combined into a single inversion algorithm that uses all of the potentially available modal data.
Robustness and constraints of ambient noise inversion123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828205View Description Hide Description
One of the most dominant sources of error in the estimation of sonar performance in shallow water is the geoacoustic description of the sea floor. As reviewed in this paper, various investigators have studied the possible use of ambient noise to infer some key parameters such as the critical angle, geoacoustic properties, or bottom loss. A simple measurement approach to infer the bottom loss from ambient noisemeasurement on a vertical line array (VLA) is very attractive from environmental and operational perspectives. This paper presents a sensitivity study conducted with simulations and measurements that demonstrates mitigating factors to maximize the accuracy of estimated bottom loss. This paper quantifies the robustness and operational constraints of this measurement approach using an ambient noise model that accounts for wind, shipping, and thermal noise. Also demonstrated are the effects of unaccounted water absorption, array tilt, nearby ship interference, flow noise,calibration error, and array deformation on sonar performance estimation. VLA measurements collected during the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment in May-June 2001 were also processed to validate the approach via comparisons with measured bottom loss and transmission loss.
Sounds and vibrations in the frozen Beaufort Sea during gravel island construction123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821970View Description Hide Description
Underwater and airborne sounds and ice-borne vibrations were recorded from sea-ice near an artificial gravel island during its initial construction in the Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Such measurements are needed for characterizing the properties of island construction sounds to assess their possible impacts on wildlife. Recordings were made in February–May 2000 when BP Exploration (Alaska) began constructing Northstar Island about offshore, at depth. Activities recorded included ice augering, pumping sea water to flood the ice and build an ice road, a bulldozer plowing snow, a Ditchwitch cutting ice,trucks hauling gravel over an ice road to the island site, a backhoe trenching the sea bottom for a pipeline, and both vibratory and impact sheet pile driving. For all but one sound source (underwater measurements of pumping) the strongest one-third octave band was under . Vibratory and impact pile driving created the strongest sounds. Received levels of sound and vibration, as measured in the strongest one-third octave band for different construction activities, reached median background levels away for underwater sounds, away for airborne sounds, and away for in-ice vibrations.
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Finite element model for waves guided along solid systems of arbitrary section coupled to infinite solid media123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821973View Description Hide Description
The Semi-Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method is becoming established as a convenient method to calculate the properties of waves which may propagate in a waveguide which has arbitrary cross-sectional shape but which is invariant in the propagation direction. A number of researchers have reported work relating to lossless elastic waves, and recently the solutions for nonpropagating waves in elastic guides and for complex waves in viscoelastic guides have been presented. This paper presents a further development, addressing the problem of attenuatingwaves in which the attenuation is caused by leakage from the waveguide into a surrounding material. This has broad relevance to many practical problems in which a waveguide is immersed in a fluid or embedded in a solid. The paper presents the principles of a procedure and then validates and illustrates its use on some examples. The procedure makes use of absorbing regions of material at the exterior bounds of the discretized domain.
Vibrational modes of free nanoparticles: From atomic to continuum scales123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2823065View Description Hide Description
Vibration analysis of free standing siliconnanoparticles, with sizes ranging from 0.732 to , are calculated using two different methods: molecular mechanics and classical continuum elasticity. Three different geometries are studied: cubes, spheres, and tetrahedrons. Continuum mechanics methods provide good estimates of the lowest natural frequency of particles having at least 836 and 800 atoms for cube- and tetrahedron-shaped nanostructures, respectively. Equations for vibrational frequencies of smaller particles as a function of size are proposed. The vibrational modes obtained from both methods were practically the same for the sphere- and tetrahedron-shaped particles with a large number of atoms. However, for the cube geometry only the shape of the modes corresponding to the lowest couple of frequencies occur in the same order. In general, vibrational modes shapes obtained using both methods are the same although the order in which they appear may be shifted.
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Vibration modeling of structural fuzzy with continuous boundary123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2823498View Description Hide Description
From experiments it is well known that the vibration response of a main structure with many attached substructures often shows more damping than structural losses in the components can account for. In practice, these substructures, which are not attached in an entirely rigid manner, behave like a multitude of different sprung masses each strongly resisting any motion of the main structure (master) at their base antiresonance. The "theory of structural fuzzy" is intended for modeling such high damping. In the present article the theory of fuzzy structures is briefly outlined and a method of modeling fuzzy substructures examined. This is done by new derivations and physical interpretations are provided. Further, the method is extended and simplified by introducing a simple deterministic approach to determine the boundary impedance of the structural fuzzy. By using this new approach, the damping effect of the fuzzy with spatial memory is demonstrated by numerical simulations of a main beamstructure with fuzzy attachments. It is shown that the introduction of spatial memory reduces the damping effect of the fuzzy and in certain cases the damping effect may even be eliminated completely.
A study of modal characteristics and the control mechanism of finite periodic and irregular ribbed platesa)123(2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828220View Description Hide Description
An analytical solution is presented in this paper to investigate the control mechanism and modal characteristics of finite periodic and irregular ribbed plates. Peak responses of a finite periodic ribbed plate were examined where they were grouped into two sets of propagation zones according to the coupling mechanism at beam/plate interfaces. Details of modal characteristics in pass bands of the periodic ribbed plate were elucidated and the control mechanism was discussed. Modes in each pass band that are governed by shear force couplings were characterized by one of the beam flexural modes whose modal responses could be represented approximately by those of the corresponding orthotropic plate modes. Modes in the second set of pass bands were found to retain the resonance frequencies of the corresponding modes of the unribbed base plate. Higher order orthotropic plate modes were also identified, which could not be grouped into any pass bands defined by the classical periodic theory. The control mechanism leading to vibration confinement in disordered and irregular ribbed plates was also discussed. It was found that beam spacing irregularity attributes to localization of the group of modes associated with flexural wave couplings but not the group of modes associated with moment couplings.


text:
World Football has seen some pretty interesting rumours so far this summer, and there are some that are pretty hot at the moment.
While longer sagas like Hulk to Chelsea and others are still attracting interest, these deals are among the newest and most interesting on display.
Many top players look to be on the move with a number of the world's best clubs looking to strengthen and re-organize their squads in preparation for the new season.
Here are some of the hottest transfer rumours.


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"Nice Restaurant, wonderful staff, have the trout!"
Visited February 2016
"Best on mountain"
The Artisan Restaurant
Make a Reservation
Executive Chef Steve Sterritt showcases a seasonal menu at The Artisan Restaurant, on the lobby level of The Stonebridge Inn. In winter, cozy up in the lounge, relax at the bar, or sit down to one of the finest dining experiences in Snowmass. In summer, enjoy the Colorado sunshine and dine al fresco on the secluded outdoor patio. An extensive wine list, innovative cocktails, and a selection of Colorado's finest craft brews on tap compliment the menu of mountain favorites at this Snowmass, Colorado restaurant.
"Don't leave without checking out The Artisan at Stonebridge in Snowmass. The seasonal menu, innovative and imaginative, is fresh and fun without being overly experimental. Chef Steve Sterritt offers handcrafted, locally sourced cuisine featuring the finest ingredients of the season and creates unique works of culinary art. As a result, the Artisan Restaurant and Bar sets the standard for restaurants and dining in Snowmass Village." Read a write-up of The Artisan on AlisterPaine.com »
Artisan Dinner
Daily from 5:30pm - 9:30pm
Summer 2016 dinner menu »
Join us in the bar every Thursday from 6:00-10:00 p.m. for a close-up magic show by Doc Eason.
Artisan Breakfast
Daily from 7:00 - 10:00 a.m.
Summer 2016 breakfast menu »
Artisan Happy Hour
Daily from 3:00 - 5:30 p.m.
$4 Draft Beer, $5 Select Glass Wine, $5 Well Cocktails
Book a table online through OpenTable, or call 970.923.2427 to make a dinner reservation.
What OpenTable diners are saying about The Artisan:
"Consistently the best food in the mountain year after year. The service is top notch too. Fantastic list and excellent steaks. Try the trout for a Rocky Mountain favorite." ~ March 24, 2016
"We've been going to Snowmass since 1975. The Artisan has been a favorite year after year. It's clearly the best food near the Snowmass Mall. Others are good; the Artisan is special. The wine list is high end but so is the food. Try to conincide your dinner with the magic show. Worth the effort." ~ March 9, 2016
"Our experience was A+. The server was extremely friendly, adept at handling a large rush, and was overly accommodating, including making blue cheese olives for my martini. They had a very reasonable children menu while we were able to enjoy fine dining and perfectly cooked and presented venison, bison chop and pork chop on the bone. Even the shaved brusselsprout hash was amazing. We will definitely go back any time we are in Snowmass!" ~ February 18, 2016


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Google Authenticator
Google Inc.
- September 26, 2016
( 141,443)
Top Developer
Google Authenticator generates 2-Step Verification codes on your phone.
2-Step Verification provides stronger security for your Google Account by requiring a second step of verification when you sign in. In addition to your password, you'll also need a code generated by the Google Authenticator app on your phone.
Learn more about 2-Step Verification: https://g.co/2step
* Generate verification codes without a data connection
* Google Authenticator works with many providers & accounts
* Support for Android Wear
* Dark theme available
Too easy to not do it I'd heard of MFA (multi-factor authentication) but hadn't done it yet - a recent leak made me quickly reconsider. Setting up 2FA via your Google Account is a breeze - Google's made this a brainless, painless process to protect your information. And the Authenticator app makes the process of signing into your account(s) even easier. It doesn't get any better than this.
Functionally great, could look better Really happy you can reorder accounts - I've been wanting this forever. Also great you don't need a separate barcode app to scan QR codes. What happened to the UI though? I agree with the many other reviews saying the same thing - too much wasted space by far!
Now 5* after update Edit: with the option of dark mode, Google Authenticator goes back to five stars. Thanks for listening, developers! (Previous comment - "Got to agree with other commenters - the white background in the latest update is not good. Far too bright - if I want to use my screen as a lamp, then I'll do it with the profile screen I have set up for that purpose. Bring back the black background, if only as an option.")
Great app, but... Latest update knocked out my saved accounts. Only just realized it because I have my main computer as a trusted one for Google, and the game I use it for I have set to ask me to authenticate once a month. Now I have to disable 2-step and re enable.
Updated version have resolved many issues and added me features 😃 Wow! UI los and feel so good. Simple yet powerful enough & dark theme is my fav. Finally Google had listened to our voices and upgraded the app 😋
Excellent I use gauth to provide 2FA for ssh logins, su/sudo attempts, Gmail, aws... and I also use it for work. It's practical security done, seemingly, very well. My only complaint is a UI problem. I have a lot of keys and the existing display options have no company option. It's frustrating to scroll through the list, especially when we could easily have a font size option as well as compact themes to reduce whitespace.
What's New
* Improved look and feel for phones and tablets
* Integrated barcode scanner
* New dark theme option available
* Option to reorder list of accounts


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It was a challenge, a dog I did the first time, and funny, but it was hard to make it so disproportionate as are dogs with "The Dog Collection".-big head, small trunk and legs.
CakeCentral.com is the world's largest cake community for cake decorating professionals and enthusiasts.
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14 Celebs Who Graduated From Ivy League Colleges
14 Celebs Who Graduated From Ivy League Colleges
How much do you think these celebs really benefitted from their education?
Emma Watson
Known for her famous role in the Harry Potter films, Emma Watson decided to put her film career on hold to further her education. She recently graduated from Brown University, with a degree in English literature.
Amanda Peet
Amanda Peet graduated from Columbia University with a degree in history. It was while attending Columbia that she auditioned for a play and fell in love with acting.
Elizabeth Banks
Elizabeth Banks ran a work study program and was part of a sorority while attending the University of Pennsylvania. She graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1996, with a degree in communications and theater arts.
Edward Norton
Edward Norton attended Yale University at the same time as Paul Giamatti. He graduated in 1991 with a Bachelor's degree in history. He was also a competitive rower for the University.
Next Page: 13 Jaw-Dropping Celeb Weight Changes
Natalie Portman
Oscar winner Natalie Portman graduated from Harvard in 2003. She was very serious about her studies and went by her birth name, Natalie Hershlag, while she attended the university.
John Krasinski
John Krasinski also attended Brown University. He graduated in 2001, with a degree in theater arts and play writing.
Julia Stiles
In 2005, Julia Stiles graduated from Columbia University. She studied English literature, and has gone on to star in several blockbuster movies.
Paul Giamatti
Paul Giamatti was elected to the Skull Bones secret society while attending Yale University. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in English, and went on to earn a Master's degree in Fine Arts from the Yale School of Drama.
Jodie Foster
A star since she was a child, Oscar winner Jodi Foster put her career on hold to attend Yale University. She earned a degree in literature in 1985.
Next Page: 13 Jaw-Dropping Celeb Weight Changes
John Legend
John Legend had his choice of universities, and was offered scholarships to several Ivy League colleges. He eventually chose University of Pennsylvania, and studied African American literature.
Conan O'Brien
After graduating high school as Valedictorian, Conan O'Brien went on to attend Harvard University. He graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1985, with a degree in history and literature.
David Duchovny
Princeton University can count David Duchovny among their illustrious alumni. He graduated from the University in 1982, with a bachelor's degree in English literature.
Rashida Jones
Daughter of the famous Quincy Jones, Rashida Jones graduated from Harvard in 1997 with a degree in religion and philosophy. She also participated as a member of Harvard's Hasty Pudding Theatrical Club while attending the University.
Meryl Streep
Oscar winner Meryl Streep is not only talented, but well educated. She earned her Bachelor's degree in drama from Vassar College. She then went on to earn her Master's degree from the Yale School of Drama.
Next Page: 13 Jaw-Dropping Celeb Weight Changes
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Precious Life Animal Sanctuary
Rating: 5 stars 1 1 review 675
PO Box 1209 Edmonds WA 98020 USA
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The folks at Precious Life Animal Sanctuary treat their animals so wonderfully. I've been out to the sanctuary and can see the affection that they have for their animals and also the trust and relationship the animals have with their human companions. Thank you for giving these beautiful animals a second chance. Keep up the good work!
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I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
Visiting them, and seeing that they take terrific care of their animals and also knowing that my funds will go directly to the care of the animals, not to a person's salary who is taking care of them.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
Try to advertise more, since they are doing a fabulous job, I want others to be aware of them, and support them, and in turn, they will be able to care for even more animals.


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Thursday, January 31, 2013
A true essay by Tom Dunn
1. About 1932 my Aunt Marge brought me over from Astoria to Manhattan. I insisted that we walk completely around the Empire State Building and kept staring at its very top. Upon completing our circuit, I cried out in dismay Auntie Marge, theres no scrape on the sky!
2. My father, Michael James Dunn, was born in Harlem and hated being a City Slicker. One summer he traveled south toward the Bowery, where Manhattan actually began. From there he took the Staten Island Ferry, crossed that Island and took another ferry into Cliffwood, N.J., his ultimate destination.
3. There he visited his Aunt Maggie and Uncle Jack who raised chickens. Dad even enjoyed the Out House, because it assured him that he was way down in the country. One day he climbed a tree and, lo and behold, he spotted the Empire State Building! This dismayed him no end, because he realized that he was not that far from the Big City.
4. Nevertheless, Dad pranced around Cliffwood enjoying life in the country. My mother was fascinated by his happy attitude. This eventually led to their love and marriage.
5. They had 6 girls and 2 boys. My brother Jim and I had 2 girls between us, so he belonged to his Astoria gang and I to mine. Manhattan grew from the Bowery slowly northward, soon reaching 23rd Street. The Flappers were show girls who would sing 23 Skidoo meaning Get Lost, Buddy. Delancy Street also stretched across from the East River to the Hudson River.
6. My grandfather, Tom Finnerty, became a Longshoreman. Hed ask one of his kids Go see if the flags up. Then he would strut down to the wharf with his baling hook strapped into the back of his belt,
7. Mom told me that she doesnt know how Pop ever let her marry Dad, whom he called a bloody pimp"! I was shocked that Mom knew what that word meant,
8. The Statue of Liberty was clearly visible on Ellis Island: Give me your poor, your huddled masses yearning to be free. Pop Finnerty and millions of others came to America via the Statue of Liberty and soon settled all over our country,
9. Jersey City looks right at the Statue. Father Benedict Joseph Groeschel calls his Jersey City home Purgatory. He and I shared seminary life together at Garrison on the Hudson across from West Point. I entered at age 14, knowing nothing about real life. My first assignment was to Our Lady of Sorrows at Pitt and Stanton Streets on the lower east side. Unlike Father Bee Jay, I did not remain a Catholic priest very long.
10. As a young girl my Mom worked in the Flat Iron Building, clearly obvious by its V shape. Mom called her home Greenwich Village, not Grennich.
11. Like a million others I could stare south off the Empire State Building forever, enjoying a thousand memories. Did Steve Brodie really dive off the Brooklyn Bridge? Who knows?
12. Im 86 now and will never again look south off the Empire State Building, such a magnificent view. Im quite sure that I will fly HOME to Heaven soon on whispering wings.
Tom Dunn
Garden City Beach
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The Press Newspaper
The Press Newspaper
A sentencing hearing is set for Aug. 21 at 1 p.m. for a former state representative convicted of theft last month in Ottawa County Common Pleas Court.
Steven Kraus, 56, who represented the 89th district, was found guilty of a fifth degree felony theft charge but jurors found him not guilty of burglary and breaking and entering charges.
Attorneys for Kraus last week filed motions for acquittal, a new trial, or, absent a new trial, a reduction of the charges.
Kraus was indicted last year on allegations he entered a Danbury Township home around April 4 and took several items. A real estate agent and auctioneer at the time, Kraus claimed he went to the residence at the request of the listing agent for the home to inventory property for a possible auction.
The levels of a toxin that shut down the water supply for Toledo water customers for three days last August inched up in samples and tests taken from the raw water intake crib in Lake Erie last week.
On Monday, Aug. 10, samples taken from the intake crib showed .99 parts per billion of microcystin in the raw lake water, and non-detected in tap water. On Tuesday, Aug. 11, tests showed it dropped slightly to 6 ppb in raw lake water and no detection in the tap water.
By Wednesday, Aug. 12, the level increased to its highest level so far this year. Samples and tests showed 4.9 ppb of microcystin in the raw lake water, and a non-detect in tap water. The "dashboard" remained at watch status
In June, Toledo launched its easy-to-read "dashboard" or graphic on water quality that is posted to the city's website. It is updated to reflect the most recent water quality data analysis. The color-coded system shows the current status of the region's drinking water quality.
A malicious prosecution complaint filed by a North Genoa-Clay Center Road man against his neighbors is scheduled for trial Jan. 5, 2016 in Ottawa County Common Pleas Court.
Anthony Simon filed the complaint against his neighbors, Wayne and Dorothy Fondessy.
The Clay Township residents have been in a legal dispute for about five years and Simon had also filed complaints against Terry Mitchell, the township police chief, and James Blausey, who was a patrol officer for the township at the time.
After a hearing last month, the court granted a summary judgment in favor of Mitchell's and Blausey's motion to have Simon's claims dismissed.
A motion by the Fondessys for summary judgment was also granted to dismiss Simon's claim of false arrest and intentional infliction of emotional distress, according to the court docket, but their motion on the malicious prosecution complaint was denied.
Wesley Miller, attorney for Simon, last week said his client may file an appeal in the case involving Mitchell and Blausey.
Several burglaries and thefts from vehicles were reported recently to the Lake Township Police Department.
On Aug. 9, a resident of the 1200 block of Millbury Road reported someone forced their way into his home and removed a Play Station 3, golf clubs, savings bonds, jewelry and power tools.
A resident of the 29000 block of Kearsley Street on Aug. 7 reported the theft of a leaf blower from his garage.
Several thefts from vehicles parked at a commercial complex at 27800 Lemoyne Rd. were reported Aug. 9:
• The doors, two mirrors, two headlight assembly units and a fire extinguisher were removed from a Peterbilt tractor.
Gordon Lumber, once a mainstay in the Oak Harbor business community, is selling off the last of its land south of the Portage River Bridge as well as its corporate office building in Fremont.
"We just outgrew it and we already had a facility in Findlay," said operations manager Rob Hofelich of the reasoning behind closing the buildings based in Oak Harbor.
The building materials company notified village officials in early spring that it would be transferring the truss and panel division to the Findlay facility located near U.S. 224, according to Village Administrator Randy Genzman.
"They are completely out of here," he said Tuesday.
The move south allowed Gordon Lumber to quadruple its roof and floor truss operation, Hofelich explained. Ten employees once staffed the operation. There are 40 now in Findlay. The move to a larger city also allowed the company to draw from a larger pool of prospective staff in and around the area. It also placed the operation directly adjacent of the Interstate-75 corridor, a vital transportation route for the company.
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There will be many changes to the St. Martin's offense in 2014, as first-year head coach Lester Ricard brings a new system to a unit that returns its quarterback and pieces of its offensive line.
Despite a new playbook, don't expect the learning curve to prevent the Saints from improving upon last season's 5-6 record and first-round exit in the Division IV playoffs. Ricard, a former Tulane and Amite High School quarterback, brings experience and discipline from his years playing the NFL, Canadian Football League and Arena Football League, and he has high expectations for his team.
Much of the Saints' success will rely on the performance of senior quarterback Desmond McGovern and his ability to make a successful transition to the new offense. Ricard believes that if the 6-foot-2, 210-pound mobile quarterback can maintain a 70-percent completion rate, wins will follow
"I think he'll be great. Knowing his reads, being sound and being fundamental and being a smart overall kid (is) going to be important for him" Ricard said of McGovern. "And not just for him, but for us as a team because if he's on top of his game that means we'll be able to put together some good games."
Also key for St. Martin's will be the play at other skill positions, as the Saints lost two starting wide receivers, their tight end and running back from last season. Stepping up at wide receiver will be Jack Brown and Max Pancamo, who Ricard says have been exceptional. However, Jack Jenkins, who is expected to play running back and defensive line, has made one of the biggest impressions on Ricard.
"The jewel of the group is going to be Jack Jenkins. He's going to be a man-child," Ricard said. "I'm excited about seeing him actually put some pads on and hit some people."
Part of the Saints' offseason workouts was spent training at The Duke Academy three days a week, practicing twice a week, as well as participating in 7-on-7 drills; all of which Ricard believes is a pivotal part of the offseason to develop his players.
Ethan Robarts will be the force that drives the Saints' defense while he will likely share time at tight end with Kevin Bird. Ricard says Robarts, who leads a strong linebacker corps, is faster and more explosive this year after undergoing surgery for an ACL injury last season.
"Robarts is going to be the guy who is going to make this thing go on defense." Ricard said. "He's not only our leader; he's the guy we're going to depend heavily on defense to make that group go."


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Owen Johns
created by: D. C.
For his morning routine, Owen requires a tea reliable enough for everyday drinking. Lightly toasty and vegetal, a trio of traditional green teas combine for a blend both subtle and sophisticated. While his day may devolve into endless questions and meetings, the mornings are always worth looking forward to.
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blended with white monkey, hojicha, kukicha
teas: white monkey, hojicha, kukicha
Inspired by the characters from the 'Cut and Run' series by Abigail Roux/Madeleine Urban. All rights/copyrights belong to them. I'm just a minion who made this blend for my own amusement.
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earl grey lavender, raspberry, raspberry patch
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passionfruit, earl grey bravo, ceylon sonata


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Thank Gosh for Lolliposh
Come on, folks -- think! Think before you spend your entire paycheck on clothing for the kids! The City of Plantation -- along with a very thrifty woman named Juliana Ruiz -- will bring you a trendy consignment shopping experience that guarantees to save you cash or get more for your buck. Have you been doing this the past three years? Lolliposh is a seasonal, award-winning event for consignors to sell new or gently used children's items and for parents to snatch items discounted as much as 90 percent. But -- bah! -- early consignment shoppers get the best worms: New and expectant moms, consignors, and presale pass holders will get access to private presales the day before. The event's being held on Friday from 9:30 am to 8:30 p.m. and on Saturday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Levin Gymnasium at the Soref Jewish Community Center (6501 W. Sunrise Blvd., Plantation). Visit lolliposh.com.
Fri., Nov. 18, 9:30 a.m.; Sat., Nov. 19, 9 a.m., 2011
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Dead Funny, Meet Martin Evans
Savanna, the official drink of funny, is also the official sponsor of the 2nd Annual South African Comics Choice Awards. Quirk South Africa was briefed to come up with a digital campaign for Savanna to create awareness of their relationship to the awards. Quirk wanted to give viewers the chance to kill the comedian if their jokes suck and so the Dead Funny campaign was conceptualised.We filmed a series of well-known stand up comedians and, depending on whether their performance is Liked or Lame, created alternative, surprising and humorous responses literally killing them off. These interactive YouTube videos form part of a wider integrated digital campaign including social channels, rich media display advertising and email.
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Invaluable cannot guarantee the accuracy of translations through Google Translate and disclaims any responsibility for inaccurate translations.
The astonishment of Dodos by Alberto Salazar(24 views)
Alberto Salazar Please Register/Login to access your Invaluable Alerts
Description: Mexican master of surrealism, realism, figurative, fantasy and romantic subject, Self-taught artist, His great passion for painting began in childhood, managing to win painting contests at school; however, he was doubtful to devote himself to art because he thought this was for other kind of people. His father, realizing Albertos yearning, began to bring him pictorials with works of classic artists such as Caravaggio, Van Eyck, Rembrandt, among others, leading to structure his attraction to that style but with the idea of proposing something more mystical, fantastic, surreal and romantic. His fascination by classical artists led him to choose this style, looking for an aesthetic and transcendent tone and coming to achieve very high quality.
Condition Report: Excellent
Notes: Modern Art Painting
Dimensions: 39" X 39"
Artist or Maker: Alberto Salazar
Medium: Oil on canvas
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Prizma Art Gallery is not liable for any loss or damages suffered by you through any unavoidable delay in delivery of an order. Prizma Art Gallery is not liable for any damage which occurs to an order after a delivery has been made.


text:
Patent application title: SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR OBJECT RECOGNITION AND CLASSIFICATION USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM WITH ADAPTIVE FEATURE DETECTORS
Danil V. Prokhorov (Canton, MI, US)
Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing NA
IPC8 Class: AG06K962FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Image analysis learning systems trainable classifiers or pattern recognizers (e.g., adaline, perceptron)
Publication date: 2010-04-15
Patent application number: 20100092073
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A method including imaging an object in three-dimensions; binning data of
the imaged object into three-dimensional regions having a predetermined
size; determining a density value p of the data in each bin; inputting
the p density values of the bins into a first layer of a computational
system including a corresponding processing element for each of the bins;
calculating an output O of the processing elements of the computational
system while restricting the processing elements to have weights Wc1
connecting the processing elements to the corresponding p density values;
and communicating an estimated class of the scanned object based on the
calculated system outputs.
1. A method, comprising:imaging an object in three-dimensions;binning data
of the imaged object into three-dimensional regions having a
predetermined size;determining a density value p of the data in each
bin;inputting the p density values of the bins into a first layer of a
computational system including a corresponding processing element for
each of the bins;calculating an output O of the processing elements of
the computational system while restricting the processing elements to
have weights Wc1 connecting the processing elements to the corresponding
p density values; andcommunicating an estimated class of the scanned
object based on the calculated system outputs.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:rotating the binned scanned object creating N additional views of the scanned object, each view having the binned data; anddetermining the weight Wc1 for each of the N+1 views;wherein the computational system includes M maps, each map includes a processing element for at least one of the N+1 views, and each of the processing elements for at least one of the M maps is connected to the corresponding p density values of the corresponding view via the determined weights Wc1 of the corresponding map.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:normalizing the density values p for each bin of the N+1 views.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating includes:performing a non-linear transformation on a product of the connected weight Wc1 and the p density value for each bin;sub-sampling the O values by averaging the O values over two adjacent processing elements in three dimensions; andrepeating the calculating process using additional layers of the computational system, the output of the computational system connected to all processing elements of a last layer of the computational system.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data from the three-dimensional scanner is represented in a Cartesian coordinate system.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data from the three-dimensional scanner is represented in a spherical system.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein computing the nonlinear transformation includes applying a hyperbolic tangent to the product of the variable parameter Wc1 and the p density value for each bin.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights Wc1 are obtained through unsupervised training of the computational system.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the weights Wc1 are obtained through a supervised training of the computational system.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the unsupervised training includes:initializing a plurality of weights Wc1(num) for num=1, 2, . . . Nu, wherein Nu is a predetermined integer;for each num, computing the output O for a randomly selected bin of data;determining a num_max corresponding to the maximum computed output O;adjusting the weight Wc1(num_max) to implement an unsupervised training algorithm; andrepeating the computing, determining, and adjusting steps until changes in the weight Wc1 are smaller than a predetermined value.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the adjusting includes implementing a form of the Hebbian adaptation rule.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the computing the output O includes:computing a scalar product for each density value p of bins adjacent the randomly selected bin of data, p(ind), and Wc1(num);computing Euclidian norms of Wc1(num) and p(ind);wherein the computed output O of the randomly selected bin is a function of the computed scalar products and the computed Euclidian norms.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the supervised training includes:obtaining a representative set of examples of objects with the classes;training the system using a supervised training algorithm until a predetermined error value is reached;testing the trained system on a set of unknown objects to obtain error value;determining whether the error value is within tolerance of a training error;and repeating the supervised training process until the error value is within the tolerance of the training error.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the supervised training algorithm is a form of an incremental optimization algorithm.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of weights depends on a connectivity pattern between the input p density values and the processing elements in the first layer of the computational system, or between internal layers of the computational system.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the estimated class of the scanned object is selected by the computational system from a group including at least two candidate classes.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the imaging is accomplished with a three-dimensional scanning system.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the imaging is accomplished with a three-dimensional non-scanning system.
19. A computer readable medium having computer code stored thereon, the computer code when executed by a computer causing the computer to implement a method comprising:binning data of the imaged object into three-dimensional regions having a predetermined size;determining a density value p of the data in each bin;inputting the p density values of the bins into a first layer of a computational system including a corresponding processing element for each of the bins;calculating an output O of the processing elements of the computational system while restricting the processing elements to have weights Wc1 correcting the processing elements to the corresponding p density values; andcommunicating an estimated class of the scanned object based on the calculated system outputs.
[0001]1. Field of the Invention
[0002]The present invention relates generally to computerized object recognition and, more particularly, to object recognition and classification using a three-dimensional (3D) system.
[0003]2. Description of the Related Art
[0004]Computerized object recognition is the process of finding or identifying an object in an image or video. Recognizing an object can include the process of classifying objects belonging to distinct classes. Object classifying using computer vision can be applied to, among other things, automated production processes, security, and automotive applications.
[0005]The majority of object recognition technologies today use camera images as the input or another suitable two-dimensional sensor. Each image serves as an input to an object recognition algorithm, such as a neural network or another machine learning system. The image is usually fed into the algorithm as a collection of features, e.g., pixel intensities. The temporal order of such features is meaningless in the context of a single image. More importantly, the number of features can be very large, making the task of object recognition computationally very demanding. Most object recognition technologies inputting 3-D images project the collected data into a two-dimensional space and then track features as just described.
[0006]Object recognition is known to be especially difficult if the object position and orientation is not constrained (i.e., the object may appear from an arbitrary viewing angle). In order to recognize and classify objects with a high degree of reliability, computer vision systems need to account for this variance. Reliable rotational invariant recognition of objects has remained an unsolved problem.
[0007]In order to address these problems among others, the present invention uses data from a 3D imaging device. Unlike traditional two-dimensional scanners, also known as line scanners, 3D imaging devices can provide highly accurate distance measurements in the spherical coordinate system.
[0008]The invention further enables the recognition task to be carried out directly in the original 3D space, rather than performing projections of the original 3D data onto 2D surfaces such as employed by conventional imaging devices and 2D laser scanners.
[0009]Instead of choosing features a priori, 3D features represented as collections of adjustable parameters (weights) are made adaptive and learned from data representing the object in three dimensions.
[0010]In order to obtain a system with decreased sensitivity to rotational invariance (i.e., a "rotation invariant system"), the present invention uses as an option multiple binned 3D data as inputs for the system. The binned data show different viewing angles for the same objects as simultaneously presented to the system for object classification.
[0011]A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0012]FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps for calculating an output of processing elements of a computational system according to one embodiment of the invention;
[0013]FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a 3D scan of a vehicle and a non-vehicle, respectively;
[0014]FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a binned representation of the vehicle and the non-vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0015]FIG. 4 illustrate a multi-layer object classification system according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0016]FIG. 5 illustrates a non-limiting example of a matrix connection table used to correlate original indexes of binned representations to indexes of a first layer of the computational system;
[0017]FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps for calculating the processing elements of the computational system;
[0018]FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating steps for training the system according to an embodiment of the invention; and
[0019]FIG. 7B is a flowchart illustrating steps for training the system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
[0020]Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts/steps throughout the several views. FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps for calculating an output of processing elements of a computational system according to one embodiment of the invention. In step 101, an object is scanned using a 3D scanner. Imaging of an object can be accomplished in three dimensions using both scanning and non-scanning systems. The invention is not limited to a scanning system. However, a system providing highly accurate distance measurements is preferred. The 3D laser design employed by the inventor included many laser sending-receiving heads rotating around a vertical axis. The data from a 3D scanner can be represented conveniently in three spatial dimensions: X coordinate, Y coordinate, and Z coordinate of the Cartesian coordinate system. However, the computational system of the invention can be adapted to use a different coordinate system, such as the scanner's original spherical system.
[0021]FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate how two different classes of objects (vehicle and non-vehicle) may look when plotted in X, Y, and Z coordinates (normalized to be approximately zero mean and unity standard deviation). These figures show approximately 100,000 to 200,000 data points for each object collected over several seconds of observing the stationary objects from a moving platform equipped with the 3D scanner. The step of converting the platform-centered coordinates into stationary or moving with the object of interest X, Y, Z coordinates is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art and thus not described here. The object motion may reduce the number of points associated with the object, but the reduced number of points does not change the operation principle of this invention.
[0022]In step 103, the original 3D laser data points are binned into the pre-specified regions of the 3D space. For example, the regions can be defined as cubes of the 3D grid spanning the space occupied by the object. In addition, 3D rectangles may be advantageous to use as binned regions when the coordinates have different resolution along different axis. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the objects of FIGS. 2A and 2B, respectively, after the binning operation has been performed. The size of the squares in FIGS. 3A and 3B reflect the relative density of the data points in particular bins.
[0023]In step 105, the binned 3D data is processed by a computational system with shared adjustable parameters (weights). See FIG. 4 for an embodiment of the computational system. The local density of points in each bin is denoted p(ind,i,j,k) where ind is the index of the binned 3D data, and i, j, and k are coordinates of the bin (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The index ind may correspond to a different viewing angle of the same object, e.g., ind=0 may denote the binned 3D data for the object rotated 90 degrees from its default angle of viewing, and ind=1 may denote the binned 3D data for the object rotated -90 degrees from its default angle of viewing. The invention does not require multiple views (indexes) and can be implemented using only the default view of the 3D imaging device. However, to obtain a rotation invariant system, the present invention uses multiple binned 3D data as inputs for the system. The binned data show different viewing angles for the same objects as simultaneously presented to the system for object classification. This multi-view arrangement is shown in FIG. 4 where the input layer has multiple binned 3D views of the object indexed by the index ind.
[0024]The density values p are normalized over the entire set of points belonging to the same object (same index ind). Such a normalization can be done in a variety of ways, e.g., by computing an average density of points per bin and subtracting the average density from each bin's density. As an alternative, scaling by a standard deviation from the average density can be employed to normalize the density values p. Logarithmic normalization can also be employed if binned densities differ by orders of magnitude.
[0025]The density values p of the map are fed into a first layer of the system in step 107. The first layer includes Nc1 three-dimensional maps having a processing element O for each of the input bins. In each map, every processing element O is restricted to have the same values of weights Wc1 (adjustable parameters) connecting the processing elements O with elements of the inputs p(ind,i,j,k). These weights form the receptive field or the adaptive feature vector. By restricting the weights to have the same values among different processing elements O, the invention dramatically reduces the computational complexity of the overall system but also creates effective and adaptive feature detectors for learning various features of the object regardless of their location in the binned 3D data.
[0026]The number of weights Wc1 depends on the size of the receptive field of the processing elements in the first layer. Without loss of generality, the size of the receptive filed can be specified as dx, dy, and dz in coordinates of the binned 3D data. The processing elements O then implement generally a nonlinear transformation f (e.g., a hyperbolic tangent or a threshold) on a product of the weights Wc1 and the data. The number of weights Wc1 also depends on the connectivity pattern between the inputs and the first layer.
[0027]The manner of calculating the processing elements O is described with reference to FIG. 6. The connectivity between the input elements and the processing elements O in the first layer of the computational system can be tracked using a matrix connection_table. See a non-limiting example of a connectivity table in FIG. 5. The connection_table's rows specify the indexes of the binned 3D data views, whereas its columns correspond to the indexes of the first layer's maps. The number of rows in the matrix connection_table is specified by elements of the vector num. The vector num stores the numbers of connections for each index IC1. With reference to FIG. 5 for example, num(0)=num(1)=num(2)=num(3)=num(4)=3, and num(5)=num(6)=7. In step 601, the matrix connection_table is generated. In step 603, the sizes dx, dy, and dz of the receptive field are specified.
[0028]The computations in the first layer of the system are illustrated in the pseudocode form below (C language notation):
TABLE-US-00001 for (ic1=0; ic1<Nc1; ic1++) { for (i=0; i<Nc1x; i++) { for (j=0; j<Nc1y; j++) { for (k=0; k<Nc1z; k++) { sum=0; wind=0; for (is0=0; is0<num(ic1); is0++) { ind = connection_table(is0,ic1); for (i0=i; i0<i+dx; i0++) { // Nc1*+d* must be equal to N* (where * is x, y or z) for (j0=j; j0<j+dy; j0++) { for (k0=k; k0<k+dz; k0++) sum = sum + p(ind,i0,j0,k0)*Wc1(ic1,wind); wind = wind + 1; } } } } sum = sum + Wc1(ic1,wind); /* adding bias weight */ o(ic1,i,j,k) = f( sum ); } } } }
[0029]The computations above can be repeated several times, thereby realizing a multi-layer processing system (FIG. 4). The system output estimates the class label. The system output is connected to all elements of the previous layer (see FIG. 4) and implements a nonlinear function, e.g., a hyperbolic tangent or a threshold, on the scalar product between the systems inputs and weights. See step 605. Without the loss of generality, a two-class classification problem is described, requiring just one output of the system. However, three or more classes can be estimated. The system can recognize more classes by adding more output elements, as shown in FIG. 4.
[0030]The system can also have sub-sampling layers which implement a mathematical operation of spatial sub-sampling. See step 607. This amounts to reducing the resolution of the binned 3D data by, for example, half for each coordinate of the binned space, i.e., averaging the outputs O(ic1,i,j,k) over two adjacent elements in three dimensions. Mathematically, and as an example, the output of the element (i,j,k) of the subsampling layer is (O(ic1,i,j,k)+O(ic1,i,j,k+1)+O(ic1,i,j+1,k)+O(ic1,i,j+1,k+1)+O(ic1,i+1,j,- k)+O(ic1,i+1,j,k+1)+O(ic1,i+1,j+1,k)+O(ic1,i+1,j+1,k+1))/8. Similar to the outputs O(ic1,i,j,k), the local densities p(ind,i0,j0,k0) can also be subsampled before feeding them as inputs into the first layer maps, if desired.
[0031]By way of example, the computational system can be applied to the two-class (vehicle and non-vehicle) system illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. According to one embodiment of the invention, if the network output of the two-class system is above zero, then the estimated class label is declared to belong to the vehicle class. If the network output is equal or below zero, then the estimated class label is declared to belong to the non-vehicle class.
[0032]FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating steps for training the system according to an embodiment of the invention (supervised training). The first step (step 701) is to obtain a representative set of examples for each class of objects to be trained. For each class, the system can be trained (step 703) using the Gradient Descent Algorithm, for example, until a suitable error value is reached (e.g., the root-mean-square error decreases sufficiently well on a validation data set). Other techniques for training are described in Training Recurrent Neurocontrollers for Robustness With Derivative-Free Kalman Filter by Danil V. Prokhorov which is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0033]In step 705, the trained system is tested on a set of data unseen by the system during the training process. The system is considered to be acceptable if the value of the test error function is close to that of the training error function (Decision 707). Otherwise, more training examples should be added and the training process repeated.
[0034]As an alternative training embodiment, the supervised training described above can be combined with the unsupervised training procedure described below. The goal of the unsupervised training is to recover the most useful adaptive features represented through the sets of weights Wc1 for ic1=0, 1, . . . , Nc1 based on the training data. It should be noted that such training does not utilize the class label information, hence it is called unsupervised training.
[0035]FIG. 7B is a flowchart illustrating steps for training the system using unsupervised training. In step 751, several sets of weights Wc1(num) for num=1, 2, . . . , Nu are initialized. This process can be completed in a variety of ways, randomly or purposefully. A purposeful process would use prior information for assigning initial Wc1(num), e.g., it might be known that a particular feature exists in the data, hence it can be assigned to one of the sets Wc1. A random process would not use any prior information, e.g., all weights Wc1 might be set to random values in a particular range. The parameter age(num) is set equal to 1 for all num. In step 753, an element (i, j, k) of the binned data is chosen randomly. For each num, the output O(num) is computed in step 755. The computation includes (i) computing the scalar product (Wc1(num)*p(ind)) between the appropriate elements of the receptive field Wc1(num) and the data elements p(ind) centered around (i,j,k); (ii) computing the Euclidian norms of Wc1(num) and p(ind); and (iii) computing O(num)=f(scalar_product(Wc1(num)*p(ind))/(norm(Wc1(num))*norm(p(ind)))). In step 757, the maximum output O(num_max) is chosen from the outputs O generated for num=1, 2, . . . , Nu.
[0036]In step 759, Wc1(num_max) is adjusted according to the following equations to implement a form of the well known Hebbian adaptation rule. Other clustering methods can also be used. [0037]determining mu [0038]mu=0, if age(num_max)≦t1; [0039]mu=c*(age(num_max)-t1)/(t2-t1) if t1<age(num_max)≦t2; [0040]mu=c+(age(num_max)-t2)/r if t2<age(num_max), where c, r, t1 and t2 are design parameters (e.g., c=2, r=2000, t1=20, t2=200); [0041]p1(t)=(age(num_max)-1-mu)/age(num_max), p2(t)=(1+mu)/age(num_max); [0042]Wc1(num_max,index)=p1(t)*Wc1(num_max,index)+p2(t)*p(ind,index)*O(nu- m_max)
[0043]The unsupervised training process is repeated starting with step 753 until little changes in Wc1 are observed. For example, Norm(Wc1)<epsilon, where epsilon is a small positive number. In this unsupervised training algorithm, the parameter age is used to select Nc1 sets of weights Wc1 with sufficiently large age. This is completed by ordering the ages of all Nu processing elements and discarding those Nu-Nc1 elements whose age is smaller than a threshold. The set of weights Wc1 remains fixed (constant) in the subsequent supervised training (weights of other layers in the structure are trained in a supervised fashion till the adequate performance is attained).
[0044]The computational system of the present invention can be implemented using a microprocessor or its equivalent. The microprocessor utilizes a computer readable storage medium, such as a memory (e.g., ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, static memory, DRAM, SDRAM, and their equivalents), configured to control the microprocessor to perform the methods of the present invention. The microprocessor, in an alternate embodiment, further include or exclusively include a logic device for augmenting or fully implementing the present invention. Such a logic device includes, but is not limited to, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic-array of logic (GAL), and their equivalents. The microprocessor can be a separate device or a single processing mechanism.
[0045]Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Patent applications by Danil V. Prokhorov, Canton, MI US
Patent applications by Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing NA
Patent applications in class Trainable classifiers or pattern recognizers (e.g., adaline, perceptron)
Patent applications in all subclasses Trainable classifiers or pattern recognizers (e.g., adaline, perceptron)
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text:
So my period was really weird this month. I had several days of spotting then halfway through Saturday I got bad cramps and heavy flow (tampon change every few hours). Then Sunday morning it was a lot lighter (used one tampon in the morning and then didn't need one the rest of the day) spotted slightly on Monday and today basically nothing. So only 24 hours of actual flow. I really don't feel pregnant but that is a super short period for me. Should I waste the money on a test?
Weird period. Should I waste the money on a test?
Do you have a Dollar Tree nearby? If so, I say yes. Then you're only out a buck if it's a bfn.
Just as I posted this it picked back up to a light flow. :roll:
At the beginning of last year I was always thinking I was pregnant because of weird periods. Since I was 13, I always had 7 day periods. The 1st and 2nd days would be heavy. The 3rd, 4th, 5th would be medium and the 6th and 7th very light. And now they are only 3 days long...my first day is light, 2nd day is heavy and third day back to light and then its gone. But it has been this way for a whole year now. I guess my body is just changing. Maybe its happening to you too? I like having shorter periods, but it gives me an irrational fear that I may be headed for menopause early or something.
Sorry you're not preggers though, that's always kind of bummer right? Even though I know I shouldn't be trying for a baby right now, for some reason I always get bummed out when AF shows.
"AshG" wrote:
Should I waste the money on a test?
Always waste money on a test! LOL!!!
I've been wndering the same thing this week. I'm on CD 37 and no AF yet, prior to DD's birth I had a regular 30 day cycle. I'm sure it's just the BF hormones messing my cycles up, but it's still strange!
I've always had a 3-4 day period with lots of days of spotting around it. I think it might have been shorter/lighter this month because I was exercising a lot. I read that that can affect it.


text:
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Insiders getting results for 1st Q. This would be better than buyout.
with 250,000 shares already traded, there is definitely something positive happening and I am not selling my shares. We are going up fast and I see no reason it will stop until we hit $5.00 minimum.
I agree. Good luck.
Sentiment: Hold


text:
Skip to comments.A Famine Menu
Posted on 07/29/2011 2:18:47 PM PDT by Kartographer
This is a basic famine menu that will keep you alive. Variety of taste will come from supplementation from a vegetable garden, fruit trees, raising animals, bartering, spices and additional items you store. Each family must be creative to vary the taste of the foods and to add additional items that will make the basic foods most appetizing for you.
(Excerpt) Read more at preparednessdaily.com ...
Basic Famine Menu
Per Day for One Person
3 slices of whole wheat bread (lunch and dinner)
1 pot of oatmeal (breakfast, vary with spices and fruit from the orchard or dehydrated or nuts)
1 pot of rice (dinner)
1 pot of beans (dinner, vary with spices and vegetables from the garden)
1 glass of milk
In Addition Per Week
1 pint of jam
1 jar of peanut butter
1 spaghetti dinner with hamburger
4 pots of soup (From leftovers and Soup for A Year)
7 jar sprouting seeds rotation
In Addition Per Month
1/2 -#10 can popcorn
1 can potato flakes
1 can refried Beans
1 can white flour
Looks kinda heavy on the carbs.
Yeah you need to watch your figure during SHTF someone just might decide you look plump enough to eat.
I'm doomed.
Your average squirrel is only worth about 400 calories, but will sure make that pot of rice taste a lot less bland.
Stock .22 rifle ammunition, and be prepared to pay a bounty on every fresh squirrel, rabbit, gopher, or whatever a bit of hunting can easily provide.
And our 6 hens have laid over 950 eggs so far this year...
Only with eleven herbs and spices...
does this explain how to make yummy soylent green??
A lot of people are trying to stay away from soy. I hear it can cause manboobs.
For a while I was catching 2-4 squirrels a week with traps in the backyard, that might be an option also. Traps have the advantage of not requiring you to actually be there for them to work. A trapping license was suprisingly cheap, too.
You sure milk is going to be availabe?? ;)
" lot of people are trying to stay away from soy. "
Soy sauce is storable, can be bought in bulk at the local Oriental Store, and makes an excellent flavor-enhancing condiment for the rice-and-beans staple diet... 2 billion orientals can't be wrong... ;)
OK, I C "powdered milk" on the list...
That article makes me wish I had the cash to buy some rural land and bury a tractor trailer of food in it!!
How well does ramen noodle store? The square kind.
powdered milk is horrible tasting, I can only eat it with corn flakes or if its used for something else besides actually drinking.
Some items, like rice, need extra packaging. Put rice into a ziplock with one corner open and place the bag into the vacuum bag before sealing. Otherwise, the rice grains will puncture a normal vacuum bag.
" How well does ramen noodle store? The square kind. "
Aside from the usual problems with bugs 'n' critters getting into 'em, those 12/$1 packets seem to last forever - I've got some in my 'stash closet' that're 10 years old, and every once in a while, I'll take one out and try it... The noodles get a little stale-tasting, but not bad...
Not a whole lot of nutrition to 'em, though.....
When you've been without food for a few days, it'll taste like your mother's milk! lol
Hunger has a way of making almost anything savory...
Since I can't have grains, guess I'll have to kill and eat the neighbors.
That's why you vaccum pack powdered chocolate milk powder! ;-)
Dak canned Ham and you favorite beans!
As a kid I remember eating them more than once.
Actually, I've bought lots of canned chicken and salmon from Costco along with 16 lb. bags or yummy Basmati rice from India.
Availability of vegetables are not a problem where I live, and fishing is quite good, as well. I'm buy into shares of farm produce and they raise lambs for slaughter. Also, I've procured a lot of different vitamins and supplements, which are consumed but kept replenished.
Guess the neighbors are safe after all!
Nope. Sorry. Way too many carbs.
" A packet of beans, some dehydrated onion and a Dak canned ham. Hmmmmmmmmmm..........! "
Us Southwesterners are very much aware of beans as a diet staple - and a 'thousand-and-one' ways to cook and serve 'em... ;)
(Cheap dehydrated onions - look in the 2/$1 spice rack at the Dollar Store.. I not only store 'em, but I've used 'em for years in my daily cooking...)
Of course!!
I just packed up some extra black-eyed peas and Lima beans @ $1 Lb. One lb of beans will feed up to 10 people.
Don't forget a key item in most military MREs:
It's unreal what all is available powdered (e.g. butter, eggs, milk, bullion, ...) or freeze-dried. Freeze dried is expensive and getting harder to find thanks to others with money and Uncle Sam, I think.
Get into trucking and then at least you will have the tractor trailer. I hear the July weather makes the lot lizards quite tasty this time of year.
I beg to differ - I will starve to death, before I ever drink powdered nilk again.
(Knock on wood)
Ike, I don't have a source for this, but I heard that so much has been done to the DNA of the soy we grow that its no longer the healthy for humans.
RE: Soy sauce
The bad part of soy is not present once the soy beans have been fermented in the process of making soy sauce. The natural plant estrogens in such products as soy "milk", soy flour, soy oil, and fresh frozen beans have been linked to all sorts of health issues in children and adults.
I have to be really careful, or the beans and rice cause massive acid reflux and severe indigestion. It is a health issue for me.
" Ike, I dont have a source for this, but I heard that so much has been done to the DNA of the soy we grow that its no longer the healthy for humans. "
I hadn't heard that - just read the label on my bottle of LaChoy, and although, as you'd expect from a condiment, it doesn't have a whole lot of nutritional value, there are no 'FDA WARNINGS', either.... Interestingly, despite the name of the product, "Soy" doesn't appear to the main ingredient... ;)
(Can't read the labels on the gallon cans of the stuff I got at the Oriental Store.. ;))
old trailer's aren't that expensive. If I could afford the land and stuff, I could easily afford a trailer. I know someone who used to tear them apart for scrap.
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