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staff profiles
staff profiles
Founded in 2002, Original Media is an independent production company specializing in unique films and series for television. The company has built a strong reputation for cutting-edge content and quality production. Its credits range from the Academy Award nominated independent feature films A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, Half Nelson, The Squid & the Whale, to the hit unscripted series LA Ink, The Rachel Zoe Project, BBQ Pitmasters, Storm Chasers to the NBC hour-long drama The Philanthropist.
The company is a subsidiary of Endemol USA, a leading producer of television programming specializing in reality and non-scripted genres for network and cable television.
Original's feature film credits include The Squid and the Whale, Half Nelson, A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, and August. The company's latest film, Twelve, starring Chace Crawford and directed by Joel Schumacher, will hit the theatres late summer 2010.
The Squid and the Whale premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Director and Best Screenplay. The film was released by Samuel Goldwyn Films and Sony Pictures in October 2005, and was nominated for 6 Spirit Awards, 3 Golden Globes, and 1 Academy Award. Half Nelson premiered at Sundance in 2006. The film was released by Think Films in August 2006, and received multiple nominations and awards including Best Picture at The Gotham Awards, 5 Independent Spirit Award nominations (including Best Picture) and won awards for Best Actor and Best Actress, and 1 Oscar nomination for Best Actor (Ryan Gosling). A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints also premiered at Sundance in 2006 where it won Best Director and Best Ensemble Cast. The film went on to win Critics Week at the Venice Film Festival and was nominated for 3 Independent Spirit Awards. August, starring Josh Hartnett and David Bowie, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2008 and was distributed by First Look Media in summer 2008.
Original Media produces hundreds of hours of programming across multiple media formats. The company produced three seasons of the hit television series Miami Ink on TLC. In addition, Original Media launched spinoff LA Ink, which was the highest-rated series premiere ever for TLC among adults 18-34. Returning for its third season in Summer 2010 is Original Media's hit show for Bravo, The Rachel Zoe Project. Also bowing this year is season four of the highly rated series Storm Chasers for Discovery and the second season of BBQ Pitmasters for TLC. The beginning of 2010 marked the start of our first docu-soap show on the Sundance Channel, Be Good Johnny Weir. Later in 2010 Original also premiered their first season of Dual Survival on Discovery. The docu-soap Tough as Nails as well as the home show Destination Design both premiered their first season in 2010 on HGTV. King of Dirt, now in production on its third season will air on DIY. Original Media is involved in development and production of many other television shows for a variety of networks. Original has series currently airing or set to air on The Sundance Channel, History Channel, HGTV & DIY. In summer 2009, a new drama series aired on NBC from co-creator Charlie Corwin. The Philanthropist is the story of a billionaire who becomes the world's first vigilante philanthropist; a renegade who uses his wealth, connections and power to help people in need.
On the live music front, Original has also produced the series Live @VH1.com and MTV's Discover and Download for the past 3 years, as well as VHI Soulstage. Original Media also produced Nokia's live Rihanna concert debut which was broadcasted on MTV, VH1, BET, Palladia & C4 in London. Currently Original is producing more live music content for the Unplugged series on VH1.
In 2010, Original Media has produced 16 series across 10 different networks.
GLENDA HERSH – President / CEO
Glenda Hersh is the co-President and co-CEO of Original Media as well as co-founder of True Entertainment. Hersh is also President and founder of Mad River Films. A leading television and film production company dedicated to the craft of storytelling, True Entertainment creates non-fiction programming with the feel and emotional impact of fiction, and fiction programming with the grit and realism of documentary.
Previously, she was a principal in The New York Times-owned NYT Television and its precursor, Video News International. In her four years at NYT Television, Hersh developed and produced hundreds of highly acclaimed reality and documentary programs, helping usher in a new era for non-fiction television. Among these were Trauma: Life in the ER, a groundbreaking, award-winning and highly rated series currently in its seventh season, ESPN's The Season, and a number of highly rated reality series for TLC, including Police Force, Paramedics, and Maternity Ward. Her shows were nominated for five Emmy awards.
At VNI, Hersh was a pioneer in the world of digital filmmaking, producing the first television series shot and edited on digital tape. She also oversaw a network of dozens of video journalists around the world and produced programming for ABC's Nightline, CBS, BBC, Discovery and others. In 1994, Hersh helped set-up two groundbreaking TV stations — TELEZURI in Zurich, Switzerland and the Associated Newspaper's 24-hour local news station, CHANNEL ONE, in London.
Prior to this, she was a writer and producer for ABC News' Good Morning America and for WTN in New York. Before moving into television, Hersh was a print journalist. She was a Washington correspondent for Agence France-Presse, and covered Mexico and the wars of Central America for United Press International. Hersh received her BA in History from the University of Toronto, and her MS in Journalism from Columbia University.
TODD HURVITZ– SVP, Current Programming
As a creative force in entertainment for over twenty years Todd has developed a
TONY BIANCOSINO –SVP, Development
Director and executive producer Tony Biancosino is a pork roll-loving New Jersey native with twelve years of experience in television. Starting in music videos and late night talk shows, he graduated to reality TV producing and directing shows like Saving Alaska and Man V. Food. As a show runner, he most recently worked on It's All Relative with Leah Remini for TLC, Town of the Living Dead for Syfy and Trashformers for FYI. Between show running, Tony has a forged a career as an independent developer taking shows from concept to series for Discovery, SyFy, TLC, National Geographic and more. Likewise, in the digital world, he's has created and developed branded digital content for Time Inc., Jessica Seinfeld, Penguin-Random House, Thrillist and JSTOR. With a background in music, Tony composes music for theater and is writing a play. He lives in Brooklyn with Leslie, his brilliant writer girlfriend, and her evil cat, Kitty.
STEVEN WEINSTOCK – President / CEO
Steven Weinstock is an Emmy award winning producer, co-president and co-CEO of Original Media, along with the co-founder and President of True Entertainment. Under his guidance, True Entertainment has grown rapidly into a leading television and film production company dedicated to the craft of storytelling. True Entertainment currently produces programming for Bravo, Discovery, TLC, Lifetime, National Geographic Channel, Hearst, Style and VH1, among others. In 2006, Mr. Weinstock was awarded his most recent Emmy as an executive producer on the TLC series, A Baby Story.
In 1997 Mr. Weinstock co-founded and was President of New York Times Television, a unit of the New York Times Company. At NYT-TV, Mr. Weinstock created and oversaw award-winning programs for Showtime, ESPN, Discovery, TLC and other broadcasters. Among these were Trauma: Life in the ER for TLC and The Season for ESPN.
Prior to founding True Entertainment, Steven Weinstock, a nine time Emmy award-winning producer, has been producing news and information programming since 1975. As a producer at CBS News in 1979, he won his first Emmy Award for CBS Reports: Murder, Teenage Style with Ed Bradley.
As an executive producer and development executive at PBS for eight years, Mr. Weinstock produced national specials for Fred Friendly, Charlie Rose, and Charlayne Hunter Gault among others. Weinstock also created and executive produced the critically acclaimed Edge series, an innovative television magazine show that examined America through its popular culture and was hosted by ABC News correspondent, Robert Krulwich. Before that, Weinstock was the creator and executive producer of Channel 13's Emmy award winning nightly public affairs show, The Eleventh Hour.
Weinstock's other broadcast credits include several primetime national specials: CBS Reports: Bittersweet Memories: A Vietnam Reunion, with Bill Moyers and for PBS, The Agony of Decision with Fred Friendly, and Idols of the Game, a six-hour primetime documentary mini-series for Turner Broadcasting.
CHARLIE CORWIN – Founder
Charlie Corwin was a leading entertainment executive and award-winning film and TV producer as CEO and co-founder of Original Media. Corwin has led development of some of the US's most successful TV series and formats, as well as critically-acclaimed box office successes. In television, Corwin is widely considered an innovator for his creation of series such as "Miami Ink" for TLC and its popular spinoffs, "LA Ink" and "NY Ink," as well as the breakout success "Swamp People" for History. He has also led development for defining shows such as Kevin Smith's "Comic Book Men" for AMC, "Storm Chasers" for Discovery and "The Rachel Zoe Project" for Bravo. As executive producer, Corwin has overseen the development of Academy Award, Golden Globe, and Spirit Award nominated films, includingThe Squid and the Whale, Half Nelson, A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, August and Twelve. Endemol acquired a majority stake in Original Media in November 2007, after which Corwin remained as CEO and continued to grow the business. Corwin is now the Co-Chairman and Co-CEO of Endemol North America.
CHELSEY TROWBRIDGE – VP, Post Production
Chelsey joined Original Media in 2010 after three years of managing day-to-day offline editorial operations for PostWorks New York. In her current role, she oversees Original Media's post facilities and post production teams. Prior to her time at PostWorks, she worked on an ESPN documentary series about Muhammad Ali, which featured the Emmy-nominated Ali Rap. She has also freelanced on several studio and remote productions for ABC Sports, ESPN Classic, College Sports Television and SportsNet New York.
Chelsey graduated from the University of Maryland with a BA in broadcast journalism.
JARED JENKINS – VP, Production
Before joining Original Media, Jared served as Unit Production Manager at Sesame Workshop and worked on the internationally recognized "Sesame Street" series in addition to many of the Sesame Street home videos. He has worked on shows for PBS, Comedy Central, Nickelodeon, and NHK among others. His past projects include children's television shows such as "Between the Lions" and "The Wonder Pets", coverage of Presidential conventions, and numerous advertising and corporate campaigns.
As an Executive in Charge at Original Media, Jared oversees a number of shows from development through completion. Initially, he joined Original Media in 2010 as an In-house Line Producer for development projects. He went on to serve as Line Producer on series such as "Louisiana Lockdown" and "The Daily Line".
Jared holds a BA in Communication Arts from Ohio Northern University and an MA in Puppet Arts from The University of Connecticut.
BRENDA HURLEY– Chief Operations Officer
Brenda Hurley currently serves as Chief Operating Officer at Original Media and True entertainment, overseeing all daily operations including production, finance, accounting, and human resources. With a diverse background in budgeting, formatting, and managing shows, Brenda maintains all financial and operational aspects of the business.
Prior to her work at True Entertainment, she was Vice President of Production & Entertainment at National Video Center, a television production and post-production facility. In this capacity, she had P&L responsibility for three corporate divisions including studio production and development, and served as Executive in Charge of Production for all programming including two nationally syndicated series.
From 1998-1999, Brenda was Director of Operations at National New Media/Corporate Communications, managing the creation of web sites and interactive media for broadcast and corporate clients. And from 1996-1998 she served as Production Manager in National's studio division, overseeing three studios and over 500 diverse shows and clients annually.
She has also worked as a producer, director, writer, and editor for a variety of commercials, documentaries, news releases, and satellite media tours.
Brenda received her MBA with a concentration in Management from Montclair State University and serves on the university's MBA advisory board. She holds a BA with a major in Media Studies from Fordham University at Lincoln Center and is a member of New York Women in Film and Television and PRIME: Professionals in Media & Entertainment.
NIKKI BORRELLI – SVP, Production & Operations
Nikki Borrelli joined Original Media as SVP of Production and Operations in 2015. She draws from a rich background in television, film and documentary to oversee the production and business affairs of all pilots and series. Additionally, she manages the company's daily operations.
Previously Nikki served as VP of Production at True Entertainment. She lead production on all series and pilots, including Bravo's The Real Housewives of Atlanta and Don't Be Tardy, OWN's Season 25: Oprah Behind The Scenes, and Discovery ID's Vanity Fair Confidential. She received an Emmy Award and four additional nominations for her work on TLC's acclaimed A Baby Story.
Prior to her thirteen-year tenure at True, Nikki co-produced the Mixed Greens documentary features Slumming It: Myth and Culture on the Bowery, which premiered on Thirteen/WNET and 156 Rivington, which premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival and aired on the Sundance Channel. Her other production credits include Comedy Central's Upright Citizen's Brigade, the feature film Get Well Soon and the documentary feature Worst Possible Illusion: The Curiosity Cabinet of Vik Muniz, which aired on Independent Lens/PBS.
Nikki graduated from the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University with a degree in Television, Radio and Film.
LISA BLOCH – VP, Current Programming
As a seasoned Showrunner, Lisa Bloch fostered in a popular brand of factual television that endures as the trademark of the Original Media slate. She developed and executive produced a number of successful male-driven series including Storm Chasers for Discovery, Louisiana Lockdown for Animal Planet, Dead End Express for National Geographic and Bamazon for History.
Before lending her talents to Original Media, Lisa traveled the globe making documentary television. She produced Nickelodeon's 24-hour commercial-free special Nickellennium, featuring kids around the world and ABC's A World Away with the Nyangatom people of southern Ethiopia. She directed an episode of Discovery's Into the Unknown in Timbuktu, and produced shows throughout China, India and Israel.
Lisa graduated from Oberlin College with a degree in Art History. She resides in Brooklyn with her adorable two-year-old son.
BRYAN SEVERANCE– VP, Development
Upon realizing that youtube views don't equate to actual money, Bryan figured he might as well look for some kind of paying job while still making comedy videos on the side for BernieHatefield.com (plug). Since joining the industry, after graduating Georgetown in 2008 (brag), he has worked for the Today Show, NFL Films, Scott Rudin and a number of production companies as a freelance producer. It wasn't until working at Crybaby Media, where Bryan discovered the lovely world of development and was hooked. Since then he has worked on selling, developing, and casting countless (you could probably count them, but don't) hours for History Channel, Cooking Channel, A&E, Discovery, Animal Planet, Weather Channel, Nat Geo, and many more… as well as serving as Executive Producer for DOWN EAST DICKERING and most recently PACIFIC WARRIORS. He's the best and a really great guy.


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subset: commoncrawl


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UFC Fight Night 50 takes place in Connecticut on Friday, and this event is fantastic from top to bottom.
All the bouts will take place on Fox Sports 1, but the main card is four fights long. It is spearheaded by No. 4-ranked middleweight contender Ronaldo "Jacare" Souza vs. No. 7-ranked Gegard Mousasi.
After recent events have been lackluster, UFC Fight Night 50 will attempt to right the ship with meaningful fights. The main event bout will set up the victor to become a legitimate title challenger to Chris Weidman.
We will take a look at the betting lines for the main card in an attempt to better inform you of the matchups this weekend. It should be an exciting evening of fights with ample live underdogs to keep an eye on.


text: DepartmentsCancer CenterOncology (Medical)LocationRochester, MinnExisting patientsSend a secure message via patient portal Print details Email Share Facebook Twitter Mayo Clinic Locations Rochester, Minnesota Driving directions More info Billing & insurance Accessibility services Education2009Fellow - Hematology/OncologyMayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine1999Fellow - Advanced General Internal Medicine ProgramMayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine1998Internship - Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, University of New Mexico1998Resident - Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, University of New Mexico1995MDMedical College of Wisconsin1992Externship - PathologySt. Josephs Hospital, Milwaukee1990MS - Department of Sociology Thesis: ""The Delivery and Receipt of Recommendations in the Doctor-Patient Encounter"".University of Wisconsin, Madison1988BA - College of Arts and Sciences, Department of SociologyMarquette University Activities and HonorsPublicationsSee my publicationsResearch ActivitiesSee a description of research activities. Mayo Clinic LocationsEducationActivities and Honors Request an appointment PST-20218397 Home Doctors & Medical Staff Costello, Brian A. M.D.


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1. yes u can order online
2. & 3. im not sure =/
1. does buy 2 get 1 free deal apply to online order?
2. does buy 2 get 1 free deal apply to the game that didn't come out yet?
because http://www.toysrus.com/product/index...ductId=2813906 says that super smash bros brawl is also having buy 2 get 1 free event.
3. can I pre-order 3 games that didn't come out and pay only $100 and get the third one for free?
Last edited by JoonKimDDS; 11-18-2007 at 06:46 PM.
I love bunny~
1. yes u can order online
2. & 3. im not sure =/
Super Smash Brawl FC : 2921-8748-2416
Location : California, US
Are u from the west coast and do you play 2v2?
Add us and other people who play 2vs2 as well from this thread:
actually, it works.Originally Posted by RivalDestiny
I am ordering Super Smash Bros Brawl, Super Mario Galaxy, and Nights for $100 + $5 shipping, just tried, it worked, except I didn't proceed checkout yet, it still showed one for free.
But I am going to toysrus tomorrow to get three of these games without shipping.
I love bunny~
maybe that's when you preorder it in store so you can actually pay the rest of money when you actually pick up the copy.Originally Posted by RivalDestiny
If you pre-order from website, I don't think they can just take $5 and then rest of money off your credit card again later.
I love bunny~


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Proctor Family
Family of Warren Albert Proctor and Ella Pinkerton Proctor of Summerhill Township, Crawford County. Picture taken about 1906.
Back row: Edgar Vern Proctor, born 1881; Trollie Shields Proctor, born 1885.
Front row: Ella Proctor, born 1863; Margaret Helen Proctor Feidler Shapira, born 1890; and Warren Albert Proctor, born 1860.
All were buried in Harmonsburg Cemetery, Crawford County, except Trollie Shields Proctor.
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Posted on 2 August 2012 by Helen
I don't know about you guys, but we're all caught up in Olympic fever here and competition seems to be on our minds constantly. So if baby-led weaning was to compete with conventional weaning which would win? Are there any real advantages of one over the other? Do you have to choose one method or can you in fact combine the two?
Baby-led weaning is definitely winning the race in popularity with many parents at the moment and this was boosted by the media coverage earlier this year that claimed that 'spoon feeding makes babies fatter'. This story was based on a research study carried out at Nottingham University which looked at the impact of weaning method on food preferences and health outcomes in early childhood. However, this study has been criticised for its small size, with only 155 babies (92 baby-led, 63 spoon-fed), with most of the babies in each group being of a healthy weight. Many factors can affect a child's food preferences and body weight, including genetic factors, exercise, social and demographic backgrounds, and as this study only asked questions about eating habits at a single point in time rather than over a period of time it only gave a snapshot of the situation. Some of the findings may also have been due to chance, so in fact this study probably proves very little. For a more detailed review of this study you might be interested in this article on the NHS website.
Although many parents would back the more conventional approach to weaning as the deserved winner, there is probably a case for combining elements of both approaches to get the best for babies. Babies should be encouraged to feed themselves when they appear ready and you should allow your baby to take control of their own food intake. When they appear to have had enough, don't force them to eat any more. It is important that you offer a good variety of foods with different tastes and textures, including a wide variety of finger foods, and babies should be given a spoon to feed themselves with as soon as possible. We know weaning is a messy business, but we need to accept and prepare for this and not discourage independence.
Of course, as parents we like to know how much food our baby is eating and this is often easier with more traditional weaning methods, but we have to accept that with childhood obesity rates on the rise we must keep an open mind about what is the best way to wean a baby. A much larger study looking at feeding of babies from the start of weaning over several years would give us much needed and invaluable information on which to base the best weaning advice for you all in the future.
Let me know about your experiences – which weaning approach do you favour?
Best wishes
Tags: weaning, babyled, food
Categories: Baby development, Weaning
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Hi Everyone,
Last week I was lucky enough to be invited to an event at Bill's, a lovely rustic cafe/restaurant in the middle of London's Covent Garden. I've added a photo of me with some of teh HiPP team!
In amongst all the tempting produce and tantalising recipes ordinarily available in this friendly eating-house, HiPP Organic had displayed a wide selection of their organic baby foods, drinks and snacks together with some lovely fresh fruits and vegetables (another photo below for you to see). It looked great! Also invited were a number of journalists and bloggers working in parenting media who had come along to find out more about the HiPP range and the nutritional benefits they can offer babies and young children.
Amongst the displayed foods were some of the company's new products that have just come onto the market. The four new Savoury Pouches each contain 1-2 child-sized portions of vegetables and are also a natural source of omega 3 (organic rapeseed oil), providing at least 25% of a baby's daily omega 3 (alpha-linolenic acid) requirement. Omega 3 fats play a vital role in brain and nerve development and it's really important to make sure babies get enough in their diets, but with so few good natural sources this can be quite a challenge so these new products should be popular. Two of these pouches (Creamy tomato & leek pasta and Scrummy Spaghetti Bolognese) are for Stage 2 and what sets them apart from the competition is that they contain small lumps rather than just being mashed. Encouraging babies to chew from around 7 months is really important and these products should help parents at this key stage in development.
Other new products on display were the 'My first yogurts' in raspberry and banana flavours. The little pots are perfect for parents when they're out and about with their little ones as they do not need to be chilled – a perfect snack for slipping into a handbag or changing bag. Providing 23% RDA for calcium in 100g (2 pots) these baby yogurts could be a valuable addition to the diet as well. They taste great too, as was discovered by a little girl accompanying her journalist mum!
This was a really enjoyable morning and I don't think I was alone in finding it extremely valuable and informative. It was a great opportunity for me to meet and chat to some lovely people who are just as interested in child nutrition as I am. A rare occasion!
Until next time....Helen
Tags: weaning, Hipp Organic, wean supreme
Categories: Weaning, About Hipp Organic
Posted on 18 July 2012 by Helen
Hi Everyone!I often get asked whether a baby who is happily feeding on a 'first infant milk' needs to change onto a follow on milk when the baby reaches 6 months, or if a baby is switching from breastmilk to formula at 6 months or older whether they should use an infant milk or a follow on milk. There usually isn't a definite answer to these questions and it will usually involve me asking the parent several other questions before I'll give my advice, and even then it may not be a straightforward "yes" or "no" to using a particular milk formula.
Generally, if a bottle fed baby is happy on their infant milk there is usually no reason to change them onto a follow on milk just because they've reached the age of 6 months. Infant milks are perfectly suitable for babies from birth up to the age of 1 year and beyond, and they will provide valuable vitamins and minerals as well as energy and protein needed by babies throughout the weaning process. However, some parents seem keen to move their babies onto the next stage of formula at this age and I wouldn't stop them from doing so. Follow on Milks are intended for use from 6 months onwards when a baby has moved onto a mixed diet including a range of foods. If parents choose to switch their babies onto a follow on formula at this stage they will generally not have any problems with this, and the formula along with a variety of foods will meet the nutritional requirements of babies at this age. A key nutritional advantage of follow on milks over infant milks is that they contain significantly more iron than infant milks (HiPP Organic Follow on milk contains twice as much iron as the first infant milk - 1mg vs 0.5mg iron per 100ml) and it is this characteristic of follow on milks that might lead me to actively encourage some parents to swap their babies from an infant to a follow on milk at 6 months onwards. Babies are born with a store of iron that generally lasts about 6 months (longer if baby is formula fed from an early age) and once this is depleted then external sources of iron (i.e. foods in the diet that are a good source of iron, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, pulses) are needed. In the absence of enough iron in the diet a baby is likely to become iron deficient which can make them tired and irritable and more susceptible to infections. A baby who doesn't eat many iron-containing foods can really benefit from this extra iron in a formula.
For babies that have been exclusively breastfed up to 6 months there is a chance their iron stores may be very low. Weaning foods containing iron must be actively encouraged at this stage. If a mum wants to introduce formula feeding at this stage I would say an infant milk, which is closer to the composition of mature breastmilk, would be fine if sufficient iron sources are present in the weaning diet. However, choosing a follow on milk might on the other hand offer greater assurance that her baby's iron requirements are going to be met and she might want to consider this instead.So, if you're in the situation of not knowing which formula to choose for your baby, I hope this helps. However, if you have any other specific queries you can always contact myself or one of the other health professionals on our team for advice at the following link.......All the best...Helen
Tags: bottle feeding, breast feeding, milk, weaning, follow on milk
Categories: Milk feeding
As your baby approaches his/her first birthday, you might start thinking about whether you should be keeping them on the same milk feeds or not. Although they need less of it, milk is still an important part of a toddler's diet and provides them with valuable protein, energy, vitamins and minerals such as calcium. From the age of 1 year, they should be getting about ½-¾ pint (about 300-400 ml) milk each day. You shouldn't let them drink much more than this as it reduces the appetite for other valuable foods.
Toddlers are often switched from formula milk feeds to whole cows' milk at the age of one. But is this the best thing to do or are there any benefits in sticking with formula milk instead and if so which one should you use? Cows' milk can give your toddler lots of the nutrients that he or she needs, but certain nutrients such as iron and vitamin D are found in much higher amounts in formula milks and this can been a nutritional advantage.Toddlers are particularly susceptible to iron deficiency. It is estimated that 1 in 8 toddlers in the UK may be anaemic, with the problem being even greater than this in some groups. Babies are born with enough iron stores to last until about 6 months of age and after this they rely on food sources, but some toddlers may not eat enough of these iron-containing foods to meet their needs. Fussy eating during toddlerhood can certainly make the situation worse.
If your toddler is a fussy eater or their intake of iron-containing foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, lentils and fortified foods such as breakfast cereals is limited, then they could very well benefit from the continued use of a formula milk such as a Growing up Milk from the 12th month. These Growing up Milks usually contain 40 times more iron than whole cows' milk. But this doesn't mean that you can stop encouraging them to eat these other foods; variety is key to a healthier diet for your growing child.
For vitamin D is another nutrient that toddlers may be lacking. It is only found in a limited number of foods e.g. oily fish, eggs, fortified margarines and cereals, and although it can also be made by the action of sunlight on skin this synthesis may be reduced if the skin has limited exposure to sunlight (as a result of clothing worn, living conditions or use of sunscreens). Growing up Milks are fortified with vitamin D and can help safeguard toddlers against a deficiency of this vital vitamin which is important for the normal growth and development of bones and teeth and for nerve and muscle function.
For more advice on milk and other drinks at this age, you might want to have a look at the HiPP Baby Club website.
Bye for now.
Tags: babies, breast feeding, milk, weaning, bottle feeding, growing up milk
Categories: Milk feeding, Baby development
Posted on 27 June 2012 by Helen
Hi everyone,
A look around your supermarket will reveal an increasing number of foods on sale that contain probiotics, or 'friendly bacteria', such as live yogurts and fermented milk drinks. These 'friendly bacteria', when added to foods, are considered to have 'a beneficial effect on the health and well being of the host'. They are different to 'prebiotics' which are found naturally in some foods, e.g. bananas, chicory, artichokes, and added to others which are not the bacteria themselves but non-digestible food components which stimulate the growth and/or activity of friendly bacteria in the gut.
The health claims that can be made for foods containing 'friendly bacteria' is severely limited by the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulations and so far none of the claims submitted to the European Food Standards Agency for inclusion in the 'permitted health claims' list have been approved, so it is likely to become increasingly difficult for consumers to get information and understand how these 'friendly bacteria' could benefit their health.
However, one food you won't find on the supermarket shelves that does contain 'friendly bacteria' but is known to benefit health is human breastmilk. Once thought to be sterile, research in recent years has confirmed that breastmilk actually contains a wide range of bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential, although the exact composition of this bacterial component of breastmilk varies between individual women.
By providing a continuous supply of bacteria to a baby through lactation, breastmilk plays a significant role in the initiation and development of the gut flora of an infant which doesn't become fully developed until around the age of 2 years. Researchers believe it is the presence of 'friendly bacteria' in breastmilk that could help to explain why breastfed babies suffer from fewer and less severe infections and lower incidence of allergies than non-breastfed babies.
Tags: babies, baby, bottle feeding, breast feeding, diet, milk, probiotic, prebiotic, Combiotic


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Simpl Facebook Module
Quarter final match tonight
- Details
- Written by Super User
- Category: All news
- Hits: 137
We are hoping to win the quarterfinal match vs shaheen tonight. It's at 11:30pm.
If we win we will play a semi final tomorrow.
The other match tonight is pakistani zalmi vs kashmiri qalandars.
Tomorrow, halal angaray and u mad bro are automatically in the semi finals, so the two teams that win tonight will play them in the semi finals.
I hope it will be a good and successful night ;)
Two matches this coming Saturday
- Details
- Written by Super User
- Category: All news
- Hits: 454
Hello everyone,
Two matches of the launchers are coming up.
Launchers vs TCC
Launchers vs Pakistan Zalmi
Wish us the best!
Inshallah we'll win.
First match of the launchers ends up with loss
- Details
- Written by vigilant
- Category: All news
- Hits: 286
Hello and Salam everyone,
Launchers played their first match yesterday night, and we ended up losing.
There were a few issues with the team.
Rizwan bhai and Asif Zubairi bhai were not there.
We had two substitues, Faizan and Sajid bhai.
I batted made around 10-15 runs, then got out by the ball of Basit. He bowled me.
Asif bhai played somewhat good, but he got out too, I believe catch out, maybe i'm wrong.
Ehsan bhai got out early as well, maybe within 5 runs.
We scored 98, 99 was to win.
Our bowling was a little weak, so we ended up losing.
There were 24 runs needed in 2 overs. The second last over was mine.
I got hit with two sixes or three sixes, then Minaj bowled the last over, and Halal Angaray needed 5 to win. I think Majid hit a four and a six to win.
We still have two matches to go, so we are hopeful that we can recover. Also there might be the original players returning for the second batch of matches.
Our team squad is:
Team Launchers
A.samad ( c )
Asif Jan
Rizwan Shuja
Isaac Khan
Anser Quraishi
Asif zubari
Rahim sha
Reserve ( Faizan Ali )
Reserve ( Sajid khan )
Reserve ( Ali Hasan )
The schedule is:
Azadi cup is starting on Friday
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Hello everyone,
The azadi cup tournament is starting on friday.
There are 8 teams competing.
For more information, check out the facebook event @ https://www.facebook.com/events/1122063631185676/
Hopefully launchers will clinch the win :)


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Set in the heart of old Sarajevo, in the pedestrian zone of Bascarsija, Old Town Hotel offers free parking, air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi, cable TV, minibar and safe. Breakfast is buffet style.
If you have any kind of questions or suggestions, you can contact us directly from website using contact form, we will try to answer you as soon as possible, and you can also contact us via phone. Thanks in advance.


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Warren Buffett on Board with Kraft Breakup
Mark down the Oracle of Omaha as a "yes."
Warren Buffett told CNBC's Becky Quick he is on board with Kraft's plans to break into two pieces. UPDATE: Buffett confirmed his support for the deal to our Deal Journal colleagues.
That makes at least two important Kraft shareholders who have publicly supported the deal to split into one snacks company (Oreos, Tang, chocolates) and one groceries company (mac and cheese, luncheon meats, Jell-O). Nelson Peltz, who has a history of forcing breakups or shake ups of food companies, earlier told CNBC he was in favor of the deal.
Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway is Kraft's biggest shareholder, but the billionaire investor hasn't always been on board with the company's strategic moves. Buffett last year panned Kraft's decision to buy U.K. candy maker Cadbury, a deal Buffett said he had "doubts" about.
Not that that Buffett's concerns derailed the Cadbury acquisition. Buffett has been paring his Kraft holdings in the last couple of years, from a high of more than 8% in late 2009, according to LionShares, down to just about 6% as of March 31.
This time, it appears Kraft wooed Buffett early. CNBC reported that Kraft CEO Irene Rosenfeld spoke to Buffett on Monday about the company's plans to break up. (Correction: Quick says she was mistaken and Rosenfeld spoke to Buffett on Tuesday.)
– Serena Ng contributed to this post.
More In Kraft
- Deals Year in Review: Consumer M&A Reaches Highest Volume Since Crisis
- Deal Profile: Kraft's Snack Spinoff
- Analysts Bullish on Mondelez Ahead of Kraft Split
- Kraft Still Trimming the Fat Ahead of Split
- Maybe an Oreo Will Help Cheer Up Nasdaq: Kraft Switches Exchanges


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Plane Tool Parts Of A Plane
A selection of articles related to plane tool parts of a plane.
Original articles from our library related to the Plane Tool Parts Of A Plane. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Plane Tool Parts Of A Plane.
- Basics of Magick: The Use of Color in Magick
- White | Silver | Grey | Pink | Red | Purple | Brown | Blue | Green | Yellow | Gold | Black In magick, colors represent certain energies, goals, people and non-physical beings, such as deities or spiritual forces. For this reason, you should include candles,...
Symbology >> Colorology
- The Internet as a Magical Tool
- Ever consider the internet as a magical tool? Often the most magical of tools are not the ones we keep on our altar, but the ones that surround us every day, in places we never thought to look. The internet is one of the fastest growing "entities"...
Paganism & Wicca >> Daily Life
- Everyday Earth
- When you think of "Earth" what comes to mind? Perhaps you feel the stable element of solidity and grounding. Or maybe you see Earth as the third planet from the Sun. Or for you, is Earth the rich brown soil in your own backyard? Earth is all these...
The Elements >> Earth
- Values in the Balance
- We in the Pagan community pride ourselves on our tolerance for difference. Differences in lifestyle, sexual preference, orientation and expression, race, orthodoxy, tradition, ritual structure, costumes, positions on nudity, personal interaction styles, etc....
Holidays >> Mabon
- Software of the Mind #1: In The Beginning There Was Thought
- In the twilight before the dawn of civilization, the connection between humanity and Nature was still strong. Hunter-gatherers seeking food and self protection in the wilds, lived the wisdom of Nature because they never left its influence. Mind and body...
Mystic Sciences >> Mind
- Resurrection of the Higher Self
- In July of 1989, a controversial article crossed the managing editor's desk of an equally controversial magazine. This article was never actually published in the quarterly publication, then known as The Magical Blend , even though it was well documented by...
Body Mysteries >> Psychoactive Substances
- Planes of Existence
- As shown in this diagram, planes of existence should not, as they commonly are, be thought of as discreet states but rather as a continuous scale. As we distinguish between body, mind and soul, we must equally distinguish between physical, mental, and...
Parapsychology >> Astral Projection
Plane Tool Parts Of A Plane is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Plane Tool Parts Of A Plane books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- How to become smarter, better and faster in eight easy steps
- He was an associate professor at Harvard, an adviser to the World Health Organization, and the founder of a nonprofit that sent surgical sup-plies to medically underserved parts of the world. He had written three ...
- Guilty plea given in rash of storage-unit thefts
- Items reported stolen during a two-month period include model airplanes, a radio controller and plane parts valued at $15,000.
- Up, Up and Away
- Brandon Turk is president of 901Drones, and Marco Sterk, who previously worked as an aeronautical engineer in development for Airbus and FedEx, is president of parent company Express Drone Parts.
- Cool Jobs: The power of wind
- Nettie Roozeboom and her group look at how wind affects planes, buildings and other structures. And Kathryn Johnson and others study wind power to ...
- Modeling Basics: Learning How to Create Simple Parameters
- In part 7.1 of this topic, you learned how easy it is to create components that make up a family. ....
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Simple, quick, chocolate and rice bubbles. Not only are these traditional treats kid heaven but they are also easy for them to make - as long as there's supervision around the hot copha.
Can sopha be substituted? Live in the centre of Europe.....
- 05 Oct 2011
Used different ingredients.
added one more cup rice bubbles as mix liquid sinks to bottom and added 1/2 teaspoon peppermint essence
- 18 Aug 2010
So quick and easy! Ready in a flash too! Chur
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Rochester General HospitalPediatric Emergency Dept.1425 Portland AvenueRochester, NY 14621
Appointment: (585) 276-3000
Dr. O'Gara received his B.S. from the Rochester Institute of Technology in 1991 and his medical degree from the University of Rochester School of Medicine in 1996. He completed residency training in Pediatrics at Golisano Children's Hospital in 1999 and fellowship training in Pediatric Emergency Medicine at Strong Memorial Hospital in 2006. He currently splits his time between the Pediatric Emergency Departments at Rochester General Hospital and Strong Memorial Hospital. He is board certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Medicine.


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Most Cited Composites Part B: Engineering Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer compositesH. Ku | H. Wang | N. Pattarachaiyakoop | M. Trada
Volume 42, Issue 4, June 2011, Pages 856-873
This paper is a review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Natural fibers have recently become attractive to researchers, engineers and scientists as an alternative reinforcement for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Due to their low cost, fairly good mechanical properties, high specific strength, non-abrasive, eco-friendly and bio-degradability characteristics, they are exploited as a replacement for the conventional fiber, such as glass, aramid and carbon. The tensile properties of natural fiber reinforce polymers (both thermoplastics and thermosets) are mainly influenced by the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fibers. Several chemical modifications are employed to improve the interfacial matrix-fiber bonding resulting in the enhancement of tensile properties of the composites. In general, the tensile strengths of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites increase with fiber content, up to a maximum or optimum value, the value will then drop. However, the Young's modulus of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites increase with increasing fiber loading. Khoathane et al. [1] found that the tensile strength and Young's modulus of composites reinforced with bleached hemp fibers increased incredibly with increasing fiber loading. Mathematical modelling was also mentioned. It was discovered that the rule of mixture (ROM) predicted and experimental tensile strength of different natural fibers reinforced HDPE composites were very close to each other. Halpin-Tsai equation was found to be the most effective equation in predicting the Young's modulus of composites containing different types of natural fibers. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemical treatments on plant-based natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: An overviewM. M. Kabir | H. Wang | K. T. Lau | F. Cardona
Volume 43, Issue 7, October 2012, Pages 2883-2892
This paper provides a comprehensive overview on different surface treatments applied to natural fibres for advanced composites applications. In practice, the major drawbacks of using natural fibres are their high degree of moisture absorption and poor dimensional stability. The primary objective of surface treatments on natural fibres is to maximize the bonding strength so as the stress transferability in the composites. The overall mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites are highly dependent on the morphology, aspect ratio, hydrophilic tendency and dimensional stability of the fibres used. The effects of different chemical treatments on cellulosic fibres that are used as reinforcements for thermoset and thermoplastics are studied. The chemical sources for the treatments include alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation and acrylonitrile grafting, maleated coupling agents, permanganate, peroxide, isocyanate, stearic acid, sodium chlorite, triazine, fatty acid derivate (oleoyl chloride) and fungal. The significance of chemically-treated natural fibres is seen through the improvement of mechanical strength and dimensional stability of resultant composites as compared with a pristine sample. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded material (FGM) platesZakaria Belabed | Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari | Abdelouahed Tounsi | S. R. Mahmoud | O. Anwar Bég
Volume 60, Issue , April 2014, Pages 274-283
In this paper, an efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory is presented for functionally graded material (FGM) plates. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending, shear and thickness stretching parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations for the present theory is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. Indeed, the number of unknown functions involved in the present theory is only five, as opposed to six or even greater numbers in the case of other shear and normal deformation theories. The present theory accounts for both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects by a hyperbolic variation of all displacements across the thickness, and satisfies the stress-free boundary conditions on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate without requiring any shear correction factor. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the bending and free vibration analysis are obtained for simply supported plates. The obtained results are compared with 3-dimensional and quasi-3-dimensional solutions and those predicted by other plate theories. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the bending and free vibration responses of functionally graded plates. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Static, free vibration and buckling analysis of isotropic and sandwich functionally graded plates using a quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory and a meshless techniqueA. M A Neves | A. J M Ferreira | E. Carrera | M. Cinefra | C. M C Roque | R. M N Jorge | C. M M Soares
Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 657-674
In this paper the authors derive a higher-order shear deformation theory for modeling functionally graded plates accounting for extensibility in the thickness direction. The explicit governing equations and boundary conditions are obtained using the principle of virtual displacements under Carrera's Unified Formulation. The static and eigenproblems are solved by collocation with radial basis functions. The efficiency of the present approach is assessed with numerical results including deflection, stresses, free vibration, and buckling of functionally graded isotropic plates and functionally graded sandwich plates. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Effects of thickness stretching in functionally graded plates and shellsE. Carrera | S. Brischetto | M. Cinefra | M. Soave
Volume 42, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 123-133
The present work evaluates the effect of thickness stretching in plate/shell structures made by materials which are functionally graded (FGM) in the thickness directions. That is done by removing or retaining the transverse normal strain in the kinematics assumptions of various refined plate/shell theories. Variable plate/shell models are implemented according to Carrera's Unified Formulation. Plate/shell theories with constant transverse displacement are compared with the corresponding linear to fourth order of expansion in the thickness direction ones. Single-layered and multilayered FGM structures have been analyzed. A large numerical investigation, encompassing various plate/shell geometries as well as various grading rates for FGMs, has been conducted. It is mainly concluded that a refinements of classical theories that include additional in-plane variables could results meaningless unless transverse normal strain effects are taken into account. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A quasi-3D sinusoidal shear deformation theory for the static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded platesA. M A Neves | A. J M Ferreira | E. Carrera | C. M C Roque | M. Cinefra | R. M N Jorge | C. M M Soares
Volume 43, Issue 2, March 2012, Pages 711-725
In this paper we present a new application for Carrera's unified Formulation (CUF) to analyse functionally graded plates. In this paper the authors present explicit governing equations of a sinusoidal shear deformation theory for functionally graded plates. It addresses the bending and free vibration analysis and accounts for through-the-thickness deformations. The equations of motion are interpolated by collocation with radial basis functions. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the present approach. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Green composites: A review of adequate materials for automotive applicationsGeorgios Koronis | Arlindo Silva | Mihail Fontul
Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 120-127
This study provides a bibliographic review in the broad field of green composites seeking-out for materials with a potential to be applied in the near future on automotive body panels. Hereupon, materials deriving from renewable resources will be preferred as opposed to the exhaustible fossil products. With the technical information of bio-polymers and natural reinforcements a database was created with the mechanical performance of several possible components for the prospect green composite. Following the review, an assessment is performed where aspects of suitability for the candidate elements in terms of mechanical properties are analyzed. In that section, renewable materials for matrix and reinforcement are screened accordingly in order to identify which hold both adequate strength and stiffness performance along with affordable cost so as to be a promising proposal for a green composite. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Flax fibre and its composites - A reviewLibo Yan | Nawawi Chouw | Krishnan Jayaraman
Volume 56, Issue , January 2014, Pages 296-317
In recent years, the use of flax fibres as reinforcement in composites has gained popularity due to an increasing requirement for developing sustainable materials. Flax fibres are cost-effective and offer specific mechanical properties comparable to those of glass fibres. Composites made of flax fibres with thermoplastic, thermoset, and biodegradable matrices have exhibited good mechanical properties. This review presents a summary of recent developments of flax fibre and its composites. Firstly, the fibre structure, mechanical properties, cost, the effect of various parameters (i.e. relative humidity, various physical/chemical treatments, gauge length, fibre diameter, fibre location in a stem, oleaginous, mechanical defects such as kink bands) on tensile properties of flax fibre have been reviewed. Secondly, the effect of fibre configuration (i.e. in forms of fabric, mat, yarn, roving and monofilament), manufacturing processes, fibre volume, and fibre/matrix interface parameters on the mechanical properties of flax fibre reinforced composites have been reviewed. Next, the studies of life cycle assessment and durability investigation of flax fibre reinforced composites have been reviewed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Epoxy clay nanocomposites - Processing, properties and applications: A reviewAsif Abdul Azeez | Kyong Yop Rhee | Soo Jin Park | David Hui
Volume 45, Issue 1, February 2013, Pages 308-320
The review renders a short background on the research work carried out on epoxy clay nanocomposites. Clays are one of the ideal nano reinforcements for polymers because of their high intercalation chemistry and aspect ratio. Epoxy clay nanocomposites are finding vast applications in various industries like aerospace, defense, automobile, etc. The physical and chemical properties of the epoxy systems are influenced by the processing techniques, clay modifier and curing agents used for the preparation of nanocomposites. The clay morphology (intercalation/exfoliation) of the nanocomposites is also depended on the above parameters. So the emphasis of the present work is to highlight these parameters on morphology and the final mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of the nanocomposites. The proposed applications of the epoxy clay nanocomposites are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mechanical characterisation of basalt fibre reinforced plasticV. Lopresto | C. Leone | I. De Iorio
Volume 42, Issue 4, June 2011, Pages 717-723
New perspectives have arisen on basalt fibre applications due to the potential low cost of this material together with its good mechanical performance, in particular at high temperature. The idea to fill these fibres into a polymer matrix is relatively recent and could offer very interesting perspectives that have not yet been sufficiently investigated. In this work, with the principal aim of evaluating the possibility to replace glass fibres in most of their applications, mechanical tests were carried out on comparable E-glass and basalt fibre reinforced plastic laminates. The latter were cut by square plates fabricated through vacuum bag technology. The results obtained on the two laminates were compared showing a high performance of the basalt material in terms of young modulus, compressive and bending strength, impact force and energy. These good properties suggest possible applications of basalt fibres in fields where glass composites are nowadays largely applied. The short-beam strength tests confirmed what above said by denoting an interfacial adhesion similar to that between E-glass and epoxy matrix. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of alkali treatment on interfacial and mechanical properties of coir fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) biodegradable compositesTran Huu Nam | Shinji Ogihara | Nguyen Huy Tung | Satoshi Kobayashi
Volume 42, Issue 6, September 2011, Pages 1648-1656
The poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biodegradable composites reinforced with coir fibers were developed. The effect of alkali treatment on the surface morphology and mechanical properties of coir fibers, interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and mechanical properties of coir fiber/PBS composites was studied. The effect of fiber mass content varying from 10% to 30% on the mechanical properties of coir fiber/PBS composites was also investigated. The coir fibers which are soaked in 5% sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature (RT) for 72 h showed the highest IFSS with 55.6% higher than untreated coir fibers. The mechanical properties of alkali-treated coir fiber/PBS composites are significantly higher than those of untreated fibers. The best mechanical properties of alkali-treated coir fiber/PBS composite were achieved at fiber mass content of 25% in this study, which showed an increase of tensile strength by 54.5%, tensile modulus by 141.9%, flexural strength by 45.7% and flexural modulus by 97.4% compared to those of pure PBS resin. The fiber surface morphologies and fractured surface of the composites exhibited an improvement of interfacial fiber-matrix adhesion in the composites reinforced with alkali-treated coir fibers. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A four variable refined plate theory for free vibrations of functionally graded plates with arbitrary gradientAbdelkader Benachour | Hassaine Daouadji Tahar | Hassen Ait Atmane | Abdelouahed Tounsi | Meftah Sid Ahmed
Volume 42, Issue 6, September 2011, Pages 1386-1394
The novelty of this paper is the use of four variable refined plate theory for free vibration analysis of plates made of functionally graded materials with an arbitrary gradient. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory takes account of transverse shear effects and parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains through the thickness of the plate, hence it is unnecessary to use shear correction factors. Material properties of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents with an arbitrary gradient. The equation of motion for FG rectangular plates is obtained through Hamilton's principle. The closed form solutions are obtained by using Navier technique, and then fundamental frequencies are found by solving the results of eigenvalue problems. In the case of FG clamped plates, the free vibration frequencies are obtained by applying the Ritz method where the four displacement components are assumed as the series of simple algebraic polynomials. The validity of the present theory is investigated by comparing some of the present results with those of the first-order and the other higher-order theories reported in the literature. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the free vibration behavior of FG plates. Illustrative examples are given also to show the effects of varying gradients, aspect ratios, and thickness to length ratios on the free vibration of the FG plates. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The engineering aspects of automated prepreg layup: History, present and futureDirk H J A Lukaszewicz | Carwyn Ward | Kevin D. Potter
Volume 43, Issue 3, April 2012, Pages 997-1009
Highly consistent quality and cost-effective manufacture of advanced composites can be achieved through automation. It may therefore open up new markets and applications for composite products in aerospace, automotive, renewable energy, and consumer goods. Automated Tape Laying (ATL) and Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) are the two main technologies used to automate the layup of prepreg. The historical development and past research of both technologies is reviewed; with an emphasis on past issues in application and capability as well as their solution, including both thermoset and thermoplastic material layup. It is shown that past developments have moved away from simply emulating manual layup into the now unique layup procedures for ATL, and into the current AFP technology base. The state of the art for both technologies is discussed and current gaps in the understanding of both processes highlighted. From this, future research needs and developments are derived and discussed. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analysis of laminated shells by a sinusoidal shear deformation theory and radial basis functions collocation, accounting for through-the-thickness deformationsA. J M Ferreira | E. Carrera | M. Cinefra | C. M C Roque | O. Polit
Volume 42, Issue 5, July 2011, Pages 1276-1284
In this paper, the static and free vibration analysis of laminated shells is performed by radial basis functions collocation, according to a sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT). The SSDT theory accounts for through-the-thickness deformation, by considering a sinusoidal evolution of all displacements with the thickness coordinate. The equations of motion and the boundary conditions are obtained by the Carrera's Unified Formulation, and further interpolated by collocation with radial basis functions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effects of SiOAli Nazari | Shadi Riahi
2 nanoparticles on physical and mechanical properties of high strength compacting concrete
Volume 42, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 570-578
In this work, compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths together with coefficient of water absorption of high strength self compacting concrete containing different amount of SiO2 nanoparticles have been investigated. Strength and water permeability of the specimens have been improved by adding SiO2 nanoparticles in the cement paste up to 4.0 wt.%. SiO2 nanoparticle could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca(OH)2 amount especially at the early age of hydration and increase the strength of the specimens. In addition, SiO2 nanoparticles are able to act as nanofillers and recover the pore structure of the specimens by decreasing harmful pores. Several empirical relations have been presented to predict flexural and split tensile strength of the specimens by means of compressive strength at a certain age of curing. Accelerated peak appearance in conduction calorimetry tests, more weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis and more rapid appearance of peaks related to hydrated products in X-ray diffraction results, all also indicate that SiO 2 nanoparticles up to 4 wt.% could improve the mechanical and physical properties of the specimens. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
A new higher order shear deformation theory for sandwich and composite laminated platesJ. L. Mantari | A. S. Oktem | C. Guedes Soares
Volume 43, Issue 3, April 2012, Pages 1489-1499
A new shear deformation theory for sandwich and composite plates is developed. The proposed displacement field, which is "m" parameter dependent, is assessed by performing several computations of the plate governing equations. Therefore, the present theory, which gives accurate results, is relatively close to 3D elasticity bending solutions. The theory accounts for adequate distribution of the transverse shear strains through the plate thickness and tangential stress-free boundary conditions on the plate boundary surface, thus a shear correction factor is not required. Plate governing equations and boundary conditions are derived by employing the principle of virtual work. The Navier-type exact solutions for static bending analysis are presented for sinusoidally and uniformly distributed loads. The accuracy of the present theory is ascertained by comparing it with various available results in the literature. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experimental analysis on bond between PBO-FRCM strengthening materials and concreteAngelo D'Ambrisi | Luciano Feo | Francesco Focacci
Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 524-532
The effectiveness of externally bonded strengthening for reinforced concrete (RC) elements strongly depends on the bond between the strengthening material and the concrete and on the mechanical properties of the concrete cover. In this paper the bond between fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) materials made out of a poliparafenilenbenzobisoxazole (PBO) net embedded in a cement based matrix and the concrete is experimentally analyzed. Experimental results of double shear tests involving different bond lengths and fibers cross sections are presented. The results allow to estimate the effective anchorage length and evidence that the debonding occurs at the fibers/matrix interface after a considerable fibers/matrix slip. They also confirms the effectiveness of the FRCM materials as external reinforcements for concrete. The obtained experimental results can be used to calibrate a local bond-slip relation to be used in the design of the external reinforcement. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Free vibrations of free-form doubly-curved shells made of functionally graded materials using higher-order equivalent single layer theoriesFrancesco Tornabene | Nicholas Fantuzzi | Michele Bacciocchi
Volume 67, Issue , January 2014, Pages 490-509
The theoretical framework of the present manuscript covers the dynamic analysis of doubly-curved shell structures using the generalized displacement field of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), including the Zig-Zag (ZZ) effect given by the Murakami's function. The partial differential system of equations is solved by using the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. This numerical approach has been proven to be accurate, reliable and stable in several engineering applications. The current paper focuses on Functionally Graded (FG) doubly-curved shells and panels using various higher-order equivalent single layer theories, introduced and applied for the first time by the authors to completely doubly-curved shell structures, and different through-the-thickness volume fraction distributions, such as four-parameter power law, Weibull and exponential distributions. Moreover, the classic theory of mixtures is compared to the Mori-Tanaka scheme for the calculation of the mechanical properties of the materials. In particular, the numerical applications presented in this work are related to particular FG configurations in which it is possible to model a soft-core structure using a continuous variation of the mechanical properties of the materials at hand. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of several structures are presented and compared to numerical solutions taken from the literature. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermal buckling and postbuckling behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical shellsHui Shen Shen
Volume 43, Issue 3, April 2012, Pages 1030-1038
Thermal postbuckling analysis is presented for nanocomposite cylindrical shells reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) subjected to a uniform temperature rise. The SWCNTs are assumed to be aligned and straight with a uniform layout. Two kinds of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) shells, namely, uniformly distributed (UD) and functionally graded (FG) reinforcements, are considered. The material properties of FG-CNTRCs are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction, and are estimated through a micromechanical model. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán-type of kinematic nonlinearity. The thermal effects are also included and the material properties of CNTRCs are assumed to be temperature-dependent. Based on the multi-scale approach, numerical illustrations are carried out for perfect and imperfect, FG- and UD-CNTRC shells under different values of the nanotube volume fractions. The results show that the buckling temperature as well as thermal postbuckling strength of the shell can be increased as a result of a functionally graded reinforcement. It is found that in most cases the CNTRC shell with intermediate nanotube volume fraction does not have intermediate buckling temperature and initial thermal postbuckling strength. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Absorption properties of carbon black/silicon carbide microwave absorbersXiangxuan Liu | Zeyang Zhang | Youpeng Wu
Volume 42, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 326-329
An absorbing medium is prepared using nanosize carbon black (CB) blended with nanosize silicon carbide (SiC). The medium improves the wave absorption properties and the wave band of the single CB absorbent. The microstructure, conductivity, dielectric property, and microwave absorption of the material are studied by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, trielectrode method, and vector network analyzer respectively. The results show that SiC can reduce the percolation threshold of CB/epoxide resin composite. Addition of certain mass of SiC can improve the microwave absorption of the composite. When 5 wt.% carbon black is blended with 50 wt.% SiC to fabricate a composite with a 2 mm thickness, the maximum reflection loss becomes -41 dB at 9 GHz, and the -10 dB bandwidth reaches 6 GHz. Thus, the prepared composite has the potential for use in electromagnetic absorption. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of dispersion conditions on the thermo-mechanical and toughness properties of multi walled carbon nanotubes-reinforced epoxyG. Gkikas | N. M. Barkoula | A. S. Paipetis
Volume 43, Issue 6, September 2012, Pages 2697-2705
In this work, multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in a polymer matrix have been used to enhance the thermo-mechanical and toughness properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile tests and single edge notch 3-point bending tests were performed on unfilled, 0.5 and 1 wt.% carbon nanotube (CNT)-filled epoxy to identify the effect of loading on the aforementioned properties. The effect of the dispersion conditions has been thoroughly investigated with regard to the CNT content, the sonication time and the total sonication energy input. The CNT dispersion conditions were of key importance for both the thermo-mechanical and toughness properties of the modified systems. Sonication duration of 1 h was the most effective for the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T g) enhancement for both 0.5 and 1 wt.% CNT loadings. The significant increase of the storage modulus and T g under specific sonication conditions was associated with the improved dispersion and interfacial bonding between the CNTs and the epoxy matrix. Sonication energy was the influencing parameter for the toughness properties. Best results were obtained for 2 h of sonication and 50% sonication amplitude. It was suggested that this level of sonication allowed appropriate dispersion of the CNTs to the epoxy matrices without destroying the CNT's structure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bond-slip relations for PBO-FRCM materials externally bonded to concreteAngelo D'Ambrisi | Luciano Feo | Francesco Focacci
Volume 43, Issue 8, December 2012, Pages 2938-2949
Existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures often need to be repaired, strengthened and upgraded to satisfy current code requirements. In recent years many interventions have been done bonding composite materials to the surface of existing RC elements. The structural effectiveness of these interventions strongly depends on the bond between the strengthening material and the concrete and on the mechanical properties of the concrete cover. In this paper the bond between fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) materials made out of a poliparafenilenbenzobisoxazole (PBO) net embedded in a cement based matrix and the concrete is analytically analyzed with reference to the approach generally adopted for the fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) materials, which is based on the local bond-slip relation between the strengthening fibers and the supporting concrete. A local bond-slip relation is calibrated on the base of the results of an experimental investigation previously performed by the authors. The bond-slip relation is essential in the modeling of the structural behavior of RC elements strengthened with PBO-FRCM, in that it allows to calculate the force that can be transferred to the concrete, the effective anchorage length, the concrete cracks distance and opening. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of nano-SiO 2 on the Portland cement pastesM. Stefanidou | I. Papayianni
Volume 43, Issue 6, September 2012, Pages 2706-2710
The evolution of nanotechnology provides materials with new properties and over the last years a lot of effort has been put to introduce nano-particles into cement pastes in order to improve their properties and to produce materials of better performance. In the present research work, nano-SiO 2 produced by pyrolysis and with specific area of 200 m 2/g has been added at different percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 5%) to high-strength cement pastes. These pastes were tested for their mechanical and structural properties at different ages. Nanoparticles act as nuclei for crystallization and large, idiomorphic crystals of Ca-Si composition were formed assisting, up to a certain percentage, in producing materials with dense structure, reduced porosity and improved strength. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nonlinear vibration and bending of sandwich plates with nanotube-reinforced composite face sheetsZhen Xin Wang | Hui Shen Shen
Volume 43, Issue 2, March 2012, Pages 411-421
This paper studied the large amplitude vibration and the nonlinear bending of a sandwich plate with carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) face sheets resting on an elastic foundation in thermal environments. The material properties of CNTRC face sheets are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction, and are estimated through a micromechanical model. The governing equation of the plate that includes plate-foundation interaction is solved by a two-step perturbation technique. The thermal effects are also included and the material properties of both CNTRC face sheets and homogeneous core layer are assumed to be temperature-dependent. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the effects of nanotube volume fraction, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, temperature change, foundation stiffness and in-plane boundary conditions on the nonlinear vibration characteristics and nonlinear bending behaviors of sandwich plates with functionally graded CNTRC face sheets. The results for the same plate with uniformly distributed CNTRC face sheets are also provided for comparison. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Free vibration of Euler and Timoshenko functionally graded beams by Rayleigh-Ritz methodK. K. Pradhan | S. Chakraverty
Volume 51, Issue , August 2013, Pages 175-184
Present investigation is concerned with the free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) beams subjected to different sets of boundary conditions. The analysis is based on the classical and first order shear deformation beam theories. Material properties of the beam vary continuously in the thickness direction according to the power-law exponent form. Trial functions denoting the displacement components of the cross-sections of the beam are expressed in simple algebraic polynomial forms. The governing equations are obtained by means of Rayleigh-Ritz method. The objective is to study the effects of constituent volume fractions, slenderness ratios and the beam theories on the natural frequencies. To validate the present analysis, comparison studies are also carried out with the available results from the existing literature. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.


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