text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|21 mai 2002
|Date de dépôt
|13 avr. 1999
|Date de priorité
|13 avr. 1999
|État de paiement des frais
|Numéro de publication
|Jeffrey M. Smith
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Eom Technologies, L.L.C.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (7), Citations hors brevets (7), Référencé par (74), Classifications (7), Événements juridiques (7)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to improvements in the field of rapid prototyping (RP) manufacturing or processes.
RP is a relatively new and promising technology which has seen great advances since its initial application in the 1980's. In one common embodiment known as stereolithography, RP manufacturing comprises a bath of curable liquid wherein some movable point within the bath is subjected to stimulation by a prescribed curing source. As the source is moved with respect to the bath or as the bath is moved with respect to the source, the point which undergoes solidification or curing is constantly made to move. The result is the construction of a solidified mass of cured material contained within the otherwise liquid bath. The region commonly solidified occurs at or very near the surface of the bath in most practical applications. As the liquid is solidified, the solid structure is progressively lowered into the bath allowing the uncured liquid to flow over the surface which is in turn subjected to the same process. By continuing to solidify these very thin layers or laminae, the solid object is built up into its final shape. Bonding of one layer to a previous layer is an inherent property of the process as is known in the art. An adequate description of this process can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,575,330 issued to Charles W. Hull.
The main advantages of the RP process are its ability to drastically reduce the time between product conception and final design, and its ability to create complex shapes. More traditional modeling or prototyping is obtained from an iterative generation of a series of drawings which are analyzed by the design team, manufacturing, the consumer, and perhaps others until a tentative final design results which is considered viable. This agreed upon design is then created by casting and/or machining processes. If molds are needed, these must be fabricated as well. The finished prototype is then tested to determine whether it meets the criteria for which the part was designed. The design and review process is often tedious and tooling for the creation of the prototype is laborious and expensive. If the part is complex, then a number of interim components must first be assembled. The prototype itself is then constructed from the individual components.
Use of RP significantly reduces the expense and time needed between conception and completion of the prototype. Commonly, the concept is rendered in CAD (computer aided design). As this process is fully electronic, drawings are not required for fabrication. The CAD system is used to generate a compatible output data file that contains information on the part's geometry. This file is typically converted into a "sliced" data file that contains information on the part's cross-section at predetermined layer depths. The RP control system then regenerates each cross-section sequentially at the surface of the curable resin. The fabricated part can be analyzed by the team or used for various form, fit, and functional tests. Due to the rapid speed and low cost of the process, several designs can be fabricated and evaluated in a fraction of the time and for significantly less than it would take to machine each concept. Since the RP process creates the structure by the creation of very thin laminae, complex components with internal complexities can be easily rendered without requiring the assembly of a plurality of individual components.
A disadvantage of RP other than its initial cost for the technology is that the time associated with the creation of each part can be longer than desired. Since creation of the part occurs in a point-by-point, layer-by-layer process, the time necessary to produce a single part can become excessive. For instance, an arbitrary part of six cubic inches with a 50 percent fill ratio will require approximately six hours to image utilizing current stereolithographic techniques having a 0.005 inch layer build, a laser spot size of 0.010 inches, and a 100 inch per second laser rate assuming no losses. This estimate comprises imaging time alone and does not account for platform movement, sweeping of the resin surface, resin setting time, and mirror inertias that take considerable time between formation of each laminae. Reduction in fabrication times continue to be a desirable goal. Though the above description pertains to the process of stereolithography; the process, as well as the general advantages and disadvantages are similar for other RP technologies.
Another disadvantage of RP specific to stereolithography is that parts produced by this process leave the bath in a very soft state requiring a post-cure process. This too takes time, typically a minimum of 20 minutes. In this soft state, the part is very deformable. Since the part is removed from the bath in a fragile state, supports are often needed to assist in the part's creation and to ensure proper post-curing without significant deformation. In fact, these supports are often vital to parts created by stereolithography especially those parts having overhanging or other unsupported features. The soft state associated with conventional stereolithography is inherently unavoidable for at least two reasons. The first is that the stereolithography though not as rapid as the present invention is still optimized for speed. Thus, increasing the exposure time of the laser at each point on the surface of the resin would significantly increase the processing time of the part. Secondly, to create the part, the laser is rastered without overlapping and the energy at the forming laminae has a gaussian distribution. This traps uncured photopolymer between cured lines. This could be avoided by overlapping the laser paths; however, this would also greatly increase processing time.
Accordingly, the development and production of a faster method to create prototypes and finished parts using RP technology is a desirable goal. Improvement to the existing processes would greatly increase the use of RP and would result in the continued advancement of technology in general due to the increased ease in the creation of complex parts.
Briefly, the method comprises processing an entire cross-section of the object at one time. By reducing the time needed to stimulate the bath surface to form the laminae, the entire object could be formulated more quickly. Increasing the quantity of material stimulated at each time interval is a preferred way to perform this function. The invention therefore comprises a method of solidifying a discrete quantity of a curable medium by subjecting the surface of said medium to a prescribed energy source and controlling that source in such a fashion to cure only the portion desired while leaving the remainder of the medium uncured. To accurately image an entire cross section at any one time in this manner requires accurate control of the energy source. The means currently preferred to accomplish this is through use of reflective digital light switch technology. This technology was created by Texas Instruments (TI) and is currently referred to as deflectable beam spatial light modulation (SLM). TI refers to the process when applied to its typical applications under their common law trademark as Digital Light Processing (DLP). More specifically, they refer to the critical mechanism used as a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,049 for a "Spatial light modulator and method" issued on Oct. 29, 1991 to L. Hornbeck of Texas Instruments provides the basic configuration of such a device. Further descriptions of this technology can be found in numerous white papers by TI as well as issued patents including among others, a presentation placed in writing originally given by Larry J. Hornbeck entitled "Digital Light Processing for High-Brightness, High-Resolution Applications" on Feb. 10-12, 1997 in San Jose Calif. A history of the development of the DMD can be found by the same author in an article titled "From cathode rays to digital micromirrors: A history of electronic projection display technology", TI Technical Journal, July-September 1998.
In simplified terms, a DMD is microelectromechanical device comprising a plurality of tiny mirrored surfaces which each can be independently pivoted from a first to a second position. The mirrors are formed into the surface of a semiconductor chip and through the application of an appropriate voltage to the circuitry built under each mirror, that mirror may be made to tilt to one side or another with respect to a plane normal to the semiconductor chip. Further, with respect to some fixed frame of reference, pivoting in one direction causes the mirror to reflect light whereas pivoting in the opposite direction causes the light to be deflected from the fixed frame of reference. As such, to a viewer within the frame of reference, the mirror is either fully on or fully off depending on the direction in which it is pivoted. Each of the mirrors can be independently controlled to be at either of the tilt angles. Since each mirror typically represents a single pixel, a black and white image can be generated by setting the appropriate mirrors to the appropriate position. Both color images and shades of gray are possible with this technology through the use of colored filters for the former and mirror modulation for the latter. The technology associated with color is not important to the present invention other than at an appropriate specific wavelength of the light spectrum best suited to cure an appropriate medium. However, utilizing shades of gray by modulating individual mirrors does have some application to the present invention and will be more appropriately discussed below.
By coupling this spatial light modulation technology to rapid prototyping, great gains are possible in the speed of creation of the prototype. Similar to point by point prototyping, as each succeeding lamina is imaged, a quantity of uncured material is added and selectively cured to form an adjacent lamina. The laminae are adjoined one to the other so that the successive laminae form a continuous solid object comprising the cured material. Using spatial light modulation technology eliminates the need to scan the energy source over each point in turn prior to the solidification of an entire lamina.
In a presently preferred embodiment, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the invention utilizes a gas discharge lamp as the radiation energy source. The invention is also adaptable to any electro-optical energy source capable of being reflected, provided the reflected energy satisfies the requirements of the reactive material. One such example includes lasers. The use of lasers in RP is known in the art since it is currently being utilized for selective laser sintering, stereolithography as described above, and laminated object manufacturing.
In accordance with the invention, a method of generating a three-dimensional object layer by layer from a medium, comprises the steps of providing at least one energy source, and at least one spatial light modulator array having a plurality of individually controlled elements which are each capable of selectively and at least bi-directionally reflecting energy from the energy source. The method further comprises receiving data which corresponds to a two-dimensional cross-section or individual lamina taken from the three-dimensional object desired to be formed and generating control signals to selectively direct a quantity of the individual reflecting elements in either a first or a second direction, one of the directions corresponding to that direction which reflects energy from the energy source off of the spatial light modulator array or arrays and onto the medium. The energy reflected onto the medium causes that portion of the medium in receipt of the reflected energy to undergo a solidification reaction thereby forming a replica in the medium of the two-dimensional cross-section stored in the data. Once the cross-section is satisfactorily solidified, the cross-section is lowered into the medium, additional uncured material is added to the surface, and the process is repeated incrementally for each two-dimensional cross-section until the entire three-dimensional object is replicated in the medium.
One of the primary advantages of the present invention is the projected degree of cure of a part emerging from the resin bath. Since the present invention cures an entire cross-section at the bath's surface at a single time, parts do not contain trapped, uncured resin. Additionally any increase in exposure time, if required, would be minimal. The predicted imaging time for a single lamina created by the present invention of cross-sectional lithography is estimated to be on the order of one second versus 18 to 36 seconds for the same lamina utilizing conventional stereolithography. Increasing exposure by 20 percent would equate to adding roughly three minutes to the creation of a 1000 laminae part by cross-sectional lithography whereas it would add 1.2 hours to the creation of the same part utilizing conventional stereolithography. Since cross-sectional lithography cures an entire lamina in one increment, and since it does not require raster filling of the image, surface geometry is irrelevant with respect to time. As such one object of the present invention is to provide a method to substantially reduce the time necessary to generate a three-dimensional object utilizing an RP process.
It is further an object of the present invention to provide a method for imaging an entire cross-section of the object at each time interval by a process now known as cross-sectional lithography.
It is further an object of the present invention to improve the speed of existing rapid prototyping technologies.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of reflecting an energy source in order to image an entire cross-sectional area of material simultaneously thereby creating a complete lamina of solidified material comprising one layer in a plurality of stacked laminae forming the solid object.
It is further an object of the present invention to provide a method adaptable for use in other RP processes which utilize beam sources conducive to reflection or transmission in the case of light valve technology such as electron and particle beam.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a method adaptable for use in RP processes which utilize any wavelength of radiation conducive to reflection from the electromagnetic spectrum.
Yet another object of the present invention is to improve the rapidity, economy, and desirability of rapid prototyping technology.
Another object is to provide a process which can create parts exhibiting improved final tolerances, reduction in material waste, reduction or elimination in the reliance of structural supports or posts, and a reduction or elimination of post-curing.
Still a further object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the process through the ability to precisely modulate the transmitted energy of the energy source.
Still further objects are to provide the ability to create parts in any size with any accuracy through the use of a lens system. These and other objects of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the detailed description given hereafter. However, it should be understood that a detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this description.
The invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description thereof in connection with accompanying drawings described as follows.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram, schematic and elevational section view of a recently invented system suitable for practicing the invention, comprising, in order, from bottom to top, a container, a photocurable resin, an elevator platform, a created part, a spatial light modulator, specifically a digital micromirror device and appropriate projection lenses, and a computer control system;
FIG. 2 depicts the laminae slicing required to obtain a completed part from the FIG. 1 invention at various points in time;
FIG. 3 depicts the FIG. 1 invention utilizing multiple spatial light modulators; `FIG. 4 depicts the FIG. 1 invention with a moving spatial light modulator; and FIG. 5 depicts the FIG. 1 invention wherein at least some of the mirrors are modulated between a reflective and deflective condition.
Throughout the following detailed description, similar reference characters refer to similar elements in all figures of the drawings.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1 thereof, there is shown a simplified block diagram of an overall stereolithography system suitable for practicing the present invention. In general such a system comprises at least a computer control system 2, a spatial light modulator 4, appropriate projection lenses 6, an energy source 8, a solidifiable resin 10, a container 12 to hold said resin 10, a created part 14, and an elevator platform 16 to move the created part with respect to the resin 10 and the spatial light modulator 4.
More specifically, the computer control system 2 includes a computer, data storage, CAD data, and appropriate interface control software to process any one of CAD solid model data, geometry output data, and a "sliced" data file. A STereoLithography or STL data file, is the current standard used to represent the surface of an object as a mesh of polygons, typically triangles. These triangles are made to completely form the inner and outer surfaces of the object. The smaller the triangles, the greater the accuracy of the object formed. This is especially true in creating curvatures. The STL file contains data for each of the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the three vertices of each of the triangles on the boundary surface. The representation also includes a unit length normal vector for each triangle. The normal points away from the solid which the triangle is bounding and indicates slope from the boundary surface.
The interface control software comprises the means for processing the part geometry into a suitable image. This image is transmitted digitally to the spatial light modulator 4. Each mirror surface on the spatial light modulator 4 represents a pixel or other suitable discrete quantity of information. As such, the interface control software transmits the image to the spatial light modulator 4 in a form capable of representing each pixel or other suitable discrete quantity of information, one such form comprising a bitmap image. The entire bitmap image, represents an individual lamina of the created part 14. The container 12 is filled with, in the preferred embodiment, a UV curable liquid resin 10 or the like. The energy source 8 provides a source of ultraviolet or UV light may be operably controlled by the computer control system 2 if desired. Regardless, the UV light is directed towards the spatial light modulator 4. The spatial light modulator 4 is directed by suitable algorithms from the computer control system 2 to tilt specific mirrors in at least one of two directions. The first direction for ultimately reflecting energy onto the surface of the liquid resin 10, the second to deflect energy away from the surface of the resin 10. Proper manipulation of the mirrors causes an image stored within the data storage component of the computer control system 2 to be ultimately reflected onto the surface of the resin 10. The surface of the UV curable resin 10 is maintained at a constant level in the container 12, as the energy is reflected onto it at sufficient intensity to cure the liquid and convert it to a solid material.
To increase or more intensely focus the energy from the energy source 8, the lens 6 or a plurality of appropriate lenses can be placed between the energy source 8 and the spatial light modulator 4 to focus the energy onto the spatial light modulator. Likewise, an appropriate lens 6 or lenses can be placed between the spatial light modulator 4 and the resin 10 to project the energy onto the surface of the resin 10. In this manner, a reproduction of the image is created on the surface of the resin 10. This reproduction comprises a quantity of solidified resin correlating to a single lamina of the three-dimensional part 14.
As the liquid resin 10 cures into a solid lamina the elevator platform 16 is moved down from the surface in a programmed manner by any suitable actuator. In this way, the solid material that was initially formed is taken below the surface of the resin and new liquid resin 10 is allowed to or is made to flow over the cured lamina. A portion of this new liquid is, in turn, converted to solid material by the programmed energy source 8 and the spatial light modulator 4. This new material due to its inherent properties adhesively connects to the material below it. Precise level control of the fluid is required to properly form laminae. Fluid level can be controlled through pumping, mechanical actuation, or overflow. This process is continued until the entire three-dimensional part 14 is formed. The part 14 is then removed from the container 12, and the apparatus is ready to produce another part. Another identical part can then be produced, or some new object can be made by changing the program in the computer control system 2.
The elevator platform 16 which is used to support and hold the cured part 14 as it is being formed, as stated must be able to move at least up and down as required. Typically, after each lamina is formed, the part 14 is lowered into the resin 10 to some point below the level of the next layer to allow the uncured liquid resin 10 to more readily flow over the part. The elevator platform is then raised to the correct level prior to directing the energy onto the resin 10. The requirements for the elevator platform 16 are similar to other stereolithography systems in that it can be moved in a programmed fashion at appropriate speeds, with adequate precision, and that it is powerful enough to handle the weight of the part being formed. The elevator platform 16 can be mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical and may also use optical or electronic feedback to precisely control its position.
A pump (not shown) may be used to maintain a constant level of the liquid resin 10 in the container 12. Appropriate level detection system and feedback networks, well known in the art, can be used to drive a fluid pump or a liquid displacement device, which is moved out of the fluid medium as the elevator platform 16 is moved further into the fluid medium, to offset changes in fluid volume and maintain constant fluid level at the surface. Other alternatives exist which enable the energy reflected from the spatial light modulator 4 to automatically remain in sharp focus at the working surface. All of these alternatives can be readily achieved by appropriate data operating in conjunction with the computer control system 2.
Looking now to FIG. 2 as a representative example, this step-by-step, layer-by-layer process is illustrated. FIG. 2a depicts the part 14 at some point in time (t) as the cross-sectional laminae are being added to the part 14. FIG. 2b depicts a single lamina comprising two discrete discontinuous sections 100 and 102, at time (t+1). The spatial light modulator 4 and lenses 6 if used projects each of these and similar cross-sections onto the surface of the curable resin 10 for the appropriate length of time needed to cure the resin to some predetermined depth, after which time the cross-sections forming a single lamina are lowered by operably manipulating the elevator platform 16. A quantity of the uncured resin 10 is allowed to or is made to flow over the cured lamina and the process is repeated with the next successive bitmap image.
FIG. 2c depicts a plurality of these laminae over a time (t) to a time (t+n). FIG. 2a illustrates part 14 in mid-production. As can be seen sections 100 and 102 form the next sequential lamina which will be the base of FIG. 2c which represents additional sections to be added layer-by-layer. Each layer in turn comprises a complete bitmap image layered on top of the preceding layer. FIG. 2d comprises the completed part 14 made from the sectional parts depicted in FIGS. 2a, 2 b, and 2 c. These FIGS. depict the process in that the control software slices the three-dimensional representation of the part 14 into an ordered series of two-dimensional cross-sections of some predetermined thickness in the z-direction. For instance, were the part four inches in height and each two-dimensional lamina was set to 0.010 inch, then the finished part 14 would comprise 400 laminae each stacked and bonded one atop the other.
Many liquid state chemicals are known which can be induced to change to solid state polymer plastic by irradiation with ultraviolet light (UV) or other forms of synergistic stimulation which form a desired reaction with the medium. The synergistic stimulation includes but is not limited to electron beams, visible or invisible light, reactive chemicals applied by ink jet or via a suitable mask. Some such chemicals are currently distributed under various brand names by 3D Systems/Ciba-Geigy, DuPont, Allied Signal, and LocTite. These and similar chemicals identified are typically limited in that each must be cured by an energy source with a specific wavelength. Since each has differences chemically, each afford different physical properties to the finished part as well as to the actual creation process.
Since the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes an ultraviolet UVA or UVB lamp source which has greater bandwidth on the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of resin 10 is not as limiting as it would be for a more narrowly focus spectrum energy source. In fact the present invention is not limited to any specific type of lamp which enables a greater quantity of the electromagnetic spectrum to be available for the cross-sectional lamination process. Whereas prior stereolithography techniques relied upon resins optimized for very specific wavelengths, the development of future resins as well as the selection of presently available resins is no longer bound by such concerns. By using the present invention, the part 14 can be optimized to meet some desired physical property or properties.
As in previous versions of stereolithography, for cross-sectional lithography to successfully work, there must be good adhesion from one lamina to the next. Hence, the resin 10, must have several important properties. It must cure fast enough with the available UV light source to allow practical object formation times. It must be adhesive, so that successive layers will adhere to each other. Its viscosity must be low enough so that fresh liquid material will quickly flow across the surface when the elevator moves the object. It should absorb UV so that the film formed will be reasonably thin. It must be reasonably soluble in some solvent in the liquid state, and reasonably insoluble in that same solvent in the solid state, so that the object can be washed free of the UV cure liquid and partially cured liquid after the object has been formed. It should be as non-toxic and non-irritating as possible.
Though more options are available than previously were, the cured part 14 must also have desirable properties once it is in the solid state. These properties depend on the application involved, as in the conventional use of other plastic materials. Such parameters as color, texture, strength, electrical properties, flammability, and flexibility are among the properties to be considered. In addition, the cost of the material will be important in many cases.
As indicated above, the preferred embodiment utilizes a UVA or UVB lamp source. The output intensity of the source should be as high as possible since the reaction within the resin 10 is dependent upon the amount of energy that is absorbed at the surface of the resin. The more energy provided, the faster the reaction and the quicker the part 14 can be constructed. Depending upon the output mode of the energy source, i.e., whether it is via a port, light pipe, fiber, or beam, a system of the above enumerated lenses 6 may be required to focus the energy onto the surface of the resin 10.
For the sake of illustration of the scalability of the spatial light modulator 4, assume a digital micromirror device (DMD) is utilized. Currently DMDs are available which provide a 1280 by 1024 array of 1,310,720 individual mirrors, each mirror being 16 microns square with a 1 micron gap between each mirror in both directions. This gives each mirror a 17 micron effective size from center to center. The gap is insignificant, as adjacent mirrors reflecting energy onto the surface of the resin 10 will form a solid part. Therefore, for simplicity, 17 microns is used when determining the scaling necessary for selection of an appropriate lens 6.
The scaling of the mirrors determines the achievable tolerance at the resin surface as well as the size of the part that can be produced. For instance, in order to achieve standard machining tolerances of plus or minus 0.005 inches, a projection lens is required to scale the energy reflected from each mirror from 17 square microns to 254 square microns, which equates to 0.010 square inches. This requires 14× magnification by the lens 6. Given the array size of 0.857 by 0.685 inches, the maximum achievable part from the 1280 by 1024 DMD array with tolerances of plus or minus 0.005 inches would have a maximum cross section of 12.86 by 10.28 inches.
Now resorting to FIG. 3 it can be seen that more than one spatial light modulator 4 can be linked in order to process larger cross-sections or provide improved tolerances. The concept is identical to that explained above. The computer control system 2 would simply direct each spatial light modulator 4 to pivot its mirrors appropriately. The plurality of such mirrors forming the complete cross-sectional image of a single lamina.
FIG. 4 depicts another alternative to the FIG. 1 embodiment. This embodiment utilizes an overhead translation apparatus 18 to translate the spatial light modulator 4 in a linear fashion over the container 12. The preferred means to accomplish this is to utilize a DMD several mirrors in width by several hundred mirrors in length and to translate the DMD over the container 12 along the width of the DMD. The computer control system 2 would simply direct the DMD to pivot its mirrors appropriately as it travels over the resin 10. This embodiment would also work with a plurality of such DMDs as described above in conjunction with FIG. 3.
Turning to FIG. 5, the spatial light modulator 4 is depicted along with one of the lenses 6, along with an image 20 projected onto the surface of the resin 10. This FIG. depicts a technique in which the outside mirrors representing the actual outside boundaries of the image are modulated between "on" and "off". Visually this would create a specific shade of gray, its intensity dependent upon how long the mirror were reflecting light versus deflecting light. Since the mirrors have this ability to be modulated at very high rates of speed, utilizing gray shading would achieve more desirable curing characteristics in the resin. For instance, if a dimension across some area is required to be 0.254 inches, and the array is using a projection system wherein each individual mirror is scaled to 0.010, then reflecting 25 adjacent mirrors should produce a line with a dimension of 0.250 inches, assuming perfect projection of the energy source 8 and reaction of the resin 10. Therefore, in order to create the line 0.254 inches, the twenty-sixth mirror can be rapidly modulated such that after post-processing, the resin cured 0.004 inches beyond the 0.250 inches correlating to the 25 adjacent mirrors. Additionally, this modulation method can be used to create thinner laminae, or areas of a specific lamina.
Another possible modification to each of the systems which is not depicted but is contemplated would be to utilize a high speed strobe as the energy source 8. A high speed strobe has distinct advantages given the digital nature of the spatial light modulator 4 and the high intensity energy which can be directed at the resin 10 for brief intervals of "on" time due to the nature of a modulated energy source. Appropriate control is necessary by the computer control system to operably correlate and synchronize the strobe energy source 8 with the mirrored surfaces of the spatial light modulator 4.
As such the method of making and using the device detailed above constitute the inventor's preferred embodiment and alternate embodiments to the invention. The inventor is aware that numerous configurations of the device as a whole or some of its constituent parts are available which would provide the desired results. While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments, it is understood that these other embodiments may be resorted to without departing from the invention. Therefore the form of the invention set out above should be considered illustrative and not as limiting the scope of the following claims.
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|2 juil. 2008
|30 sept. 2014
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process and device for producing a three-dimensional object
|19 avr. 2011
|14 oct. 2014
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process for the production of a three-dimensional object with resolution improvement by "pixel shift"
|8 mars 2010
|28 oct. 2014
|Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno
|Illumination system for use in a stereolithography apparatus
|25 sept. 2012
|19 mai 2015
|3D Systems, Inc.
|Solid imaging systems, components thereof, and methods of solid imaging
|8 mai 2014
|30 juin 2015
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process and device for producing a three-dimensional object
|29 oct. 2014
|13 oct. 2015
|Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh
|Optical arrangement for three-dimensionally patterning a material layer
|12 déc. 2014
|8 déc. 2015
|Carbon3D, Inc.
|Continuous liquid interphase printing
|16 déc. 2014
|15 déc. 2015
|Carbon3D, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for three-dimensional fabrication
|15 déc. 2014
|22 déc. 2015
|Carbon3D, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for three-dimensional fabrication with feed through carrier
|4 avr. 2014
|31 mai 2016
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|EUV mask and method for forming the same
|11 aoűt 2014
|7 juin 2016
|Carbon3D, Inc.
|Continuous liquid interphase printing
|22 déc. 2015
|27 sept. 2016
|Carbon3D, Inc.
|Polyurethane resins having multiple mechanisms of hardening for use in producing three-dimensional objects
|16 juin 2003
|8 janv. 2004
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Optical system for projection television
|29 sept. 2003
|1 avr. 2004
|Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems
|Device and method for the manufacturing of three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer
|17 aoűt 2004
|11 janv. 2007
|Shojiro Sano
|Method of producting three-dimensional model
|3 mai 2006
|8 nov. 2007
|3D Systems, Inc.
|Material delivery system for use in solid imaging
|3 mai 2006
|8 nov. 2007
|3D Systems, Inc.
|Material delivery tension and tracking system for use in solid imaging
|26 avr. 2007
|8 nov. 2007
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Device and method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of mask exposure
|26 avr. 2007
|14 févr. 2008
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Device and method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of mask exposure
|15 nov. 2006
|15 mai 2008
|Alexandr Shkolnik
|Continuous generative process for producing a three-dimensional object
|17 sept. 2007
|17 juil. 2008
|Hull Charles W
|Imager Assembly and Method for Solid Imaging
|17 sept. 2007
|17 juil. 2008
|Sperry Charles R
|Solid imaging apparatus and method
|17 sept. 2007
|17 juil. 2008
|Hull Charles W
|Build pad, solid image build, and method for building build supports
|17 sept. 2007
|17 juil. 2008
|Hull Charles W
|Method for Removing Excess Uncured Build Material in Solid Imaging
|17 sept. 2007
|31 juil. 2008
|Sperry Charles R
|Cartridge for solid imaging apparatus and method
|17 sept. 2007
|31 juil. 2008
|Sperry Charles R
|Elevator and method for tilting solid image build platform for reducing air entrainment and for build release
|17 sept. 2007
|31 juil. 2008
|Sperry Charles R
|Brush assembly for removal of excess uncured build material
|17 sept. 2007
|28 aoűt 2008
|Hull Charles W
|Solid Imaging System with Removal of Excess Uncured Build Material
|17 sept. 2007
|18 sept. 2008
|3D Systems, Inc.
|Inkjet Solid Imaging System and Method for Solid Imaging
|17 sept. 2007
|25 sept. 2008
|Hull Charles W
|Imager and method for consistent repeatable alignment in a solid imaging apparatus
|2 juil. 2008
|22 janv. 2009
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process and device for producing a three-dimensional object
|19 nov. 2008
|30 avr. 2009
|3D Systems, Inc.
|Material Delivery Tension and Tracking System for Use in Solid Imaging
|30 déc. 2008
|30 juil. 2009
|Carl Zeiss Smt Ag
|Method and apparatus for structuring a radiation-sensitive material
|20 oct. 2008
|22 avr. 2010
|3D Systems, Incorporated
|Compensation of Actinic Radiation Intensity Profiles for Three-Dimensional Modelers
|1 déc. 2009
|24 juin 2010
|Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems
|Method of providing an identifiable powder amount and method of manufacturing an object
|30 sept. 2010
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Device and method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of mask exposure
|30 juil. 2010
|13 janv. 2011
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process for the Production of a Three-Dimensional Object With Resolution Improvement by Pixel Shift
|9 aoűt 2010
|10 févr. 2011
|Max Eric Schlienger
|Fluid redistribution device for containers having a working fluid
|5 mai 2011
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Device and Method for Producing a Three-Dimensional Object by Means of Mask Exposure
|3 sept. 2009
|21 juil. 2011
|Paul Chalker
|11 aoűt 2011
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process for the Production of a Three-Dimensional Object With Resolution Improvement by "Pixel Shift"
|12 sept. 2011
|5 févr. 2013
|Envisiontec Gmbh
|Process for the production of a three-dimensional object with resolution improvement by pixel-shift
|9 déc. 2005
|19 nov. 2008
|Recoating device for photocurable quick shaping process
|9 mai 2005
|23 janv. 2013
|Process for the production of a three-dimensional object with resolution improvement by ''pixel-shift''
|23 juil. 2014
|24 déc. 2014
|Solution-curing quick-molding manufacturing method
|8 nov. 2013
|10 aoűt 2016
|Ddm Systems Inc
|Systems and methods for fabricating three-dimensional objects
|14 févr. 2011
|18 aoűt 2011
|The University Of Warwick
|Three-dimensional optical and material structures
|27 nov. 2015
|2 juin 2016
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Systems, devices, and methods for printing on three-dimensional objects
|Classification aux États-Unis
|264/401, 430/324
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|5 oct. 2001
Owner name: EOM TECHNOLOGIES, L.L.C., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SMITH, JEFFREY M.;REEL/FRAME:012241/0759
Effective date: 20010928
|26 oct. 2005
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|22 mai 2012
Owner name: SMITH, JEFFERY M, MASSACHUSETTS
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text:
There are some things that are just too painful to write about.
I can only imagine how difficult it had to be for local Oklahoma sports writers the day after the Boise State-Oklahoma Fiesta Bowl. How do you even put into words the kind of disappointment a game like that puts into your soul?
I feel similarly after Boise State's epic letdown against Nevada, in which they had numerous chances to win the game outright.
Boise head coach Chris Petersen was a true gentleman after the game, repeating several times that "one play can win a game, but one play doesn't lose a game." You heard this repeated not only by Petersen in his postgame comments, but echoed again in interviews with BSU QB Kellen Moore and safety George Iloka.
They're right. One play didn't lose this game. Several plays did. And without further ado, here they are. The 10 plays that cost Boise State not only Friday night's game, but also a chance at something much bigger, a spot in the National Championship Game.

subset: commoncrawl


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This star rating is the opinion of the property owner only. A Self-Rated hotel has not been assessed by the AA or Visit Britain, whose official star ratings we use across LateRooms.com.
The Prince Albert4 Self rated
2 Clewer Hill Road, ,, Windsor, SL4 4BS
Price FromView Rooms
- Very Good
- 12 guest reviews
"The thing that stood out about the Prince Albert was the friendliness of the staff, nothing was too much bother for them. Everywhere should..."
"Friendly staff, good food, comfortable bed, slept like a log! Being a pub it can get a bit noisy, but it's a pub! I'll be back......"
"A pleasant alternative if you prefer to be away the bustle from town centre but close enough to walk down to centre..."
"Down in the area for work, I'm well looked after and the staff couldn't be more friendly (all of them - they're proper assets!). The food is..."
"Staying down there for work, the hotel is a pleasant place to be and good value for money!..."
About the hotel
The Prince Albert has recently undergone an extensive refurbishment and expansion program. Enjoying a warm friendly atmosphere and serving excellent food, this pub offers modern guest accommodation in the heart of Windsor. The pub provides home cooked meals in our stylish non smoking restaurant with a friendly relaxed bar.
Situated on the edge of this historic town, with easy access to both the M3 and M4, The Prince Albert is close to all the famous local landmarks including; Windsor Castle, Legoland, Ascot and Windsor Races. The Prince Albert is ideal as a centre for a short break, or as an overnight retreat while on business.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Parking
- Car parking available onsite
- Business
- Meeting Facilities, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas, Business Centre
- Dining
- Restaurant, Bar
Useful Info Show/hide
- 14:00
- 10:00
- Up to 8 years old
- The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
92% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Clean but shabby
Rooms basic, clean enough but bathroom mould on ceiling did not look good.
Corridor could have done with a good brush down of cobwebs
Read More Less
Friendly staff
The thing that stood out about the Prince Albert was the friendliness of the staff, nothing was too much bother for them.
Everywhere should have customer service like this, every single
Member of staff was smiley and friendly and accommodating and that doesn't cost them anything. It made what is a fairly run of the mill pub stay, albeit with recently refurbished and clean rooms, really pleasant.
Read More Less


text:
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Thank you for your interest in the University of Minnesota Duluth. The following resources are available to assist you with the transfer process. Please don't hesitate to contact our office if you have any questions.
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text:
The NHL awards the Conn Smythe Trophy each year to the "most valuable player for his team in the playoffs."
Last year, goalie Tim Thomas of the Bruins won the award. Although the winner usually comes from the Cup-winning team, several players have won the Smythe while playing for teams that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals.
While we are still midway through Round 2, here's a look at some early front-runners for the Conn Smythe Trophy (in no particular order). I will update this list weekly until the end of the playoffs.


text:
THE first five-star hotel, operated by a cooperative in Brunei, will be developed in two-year's time.
Koperasi Rimbun Berhad (KOPRI) is going ahead with its plans to open up more employment opportunities to local jobseekers.
KOPRI is currently in the process of finalising a joint venture agreement with a local developer and improving the architectural design of the hotel, Dato Paduka Seri Hj Abd Rahman Hj Awang Besar told reporters yesterday.
The proposed seven-storey hotel, to be built on 1.5 acre land, will be strategically located near the Brunei International Airport and the cooperative's office at BT Hj Uthman Complex in Serusop, he added.
"Actually we've been looking into many areas of businesses. We look for joint ventures with overseas companies as well (and) the main thing is this one. The biggest project is this hotel," he said during an interview following a certificate presentation ceremony held for three exemplary staff at the cooperative's office yesterday.
"Actually it is in the process now. We have plans already, but we are improving, with some additional rooms and what not."
Dato Paduka Hj Abd Rahman shared that the key features of the hotel will include a tennis court on the top floor, a food court and a swimming pool while offices and commercial shops will also be made available.
"Even though it is a five-star property, the price will be reasonable because we want to cater to everybody," he added.
He said that the cooperative would also consider incorporating Islamic elements into the design of the building and provide facilities that would cater to the needs of Muslim guests as well as to conform to the Malay Islamic Monarch (MIB) ideology.
Asked when will construction begin, he said: "As soon as possible. But we're still finalising the plan and agreement with the local developer. If this goes through and approved by the government, then we will start the construction."
He said that once the hotel was operational, it will be handled by a local partner whose identity could not be disclosed as of now and will create approximately 100 jobs.
The chairman conceded that the "management of hotel is not easy" and it takes people with strong travel industry experience to effectively run a hotel.
"Our aim is to create employment for locals. Not so much on trying to make big money but to create employment," he said, adding that is the cooperative's current standing policy.
"If we are able to employ them, we (can) give them salary and that means this cooperative would be able to give employment to people. Now we have over 320 personnel."
"We don't just get big projects for ourselves, it's for the people as well."
KOPRI is also looking to further diversify its businesses and is currently considering to provide courier services, Dato Paduka Hj Abd Rahman said.The Brunei Times
KOPRI plans five-star hotel
THE first five-star hotel, operated by a cooperative in Brunei, will be developed in two-year's time.


text:
Editor Street Style: Milan Spring 2012 Fashion Week (Forum Buzz)
New York was full of casual chic, London had its fair share of quirk, but Milan is where the streets really start to become Fashion Editor runways. Below are some of the looks from Milan that Fashion Spot forum members have been buzzing about.
Want more editor street style? Check out some of their best looks in New York and London.


text:
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Like this one, but not quite sure yet?
Hotels Kalathos
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text:
Limited first edition on sale Tuesday with profits benefiting Girls Write Now
"They're older, not much wiser" trailer teases
"The show has quite perfectly spanned my twenties," Dunham said. "It feels like the right time to wrap our story up"
Main characters make huge life moves in hilarious clip
'Girls' actor Alex Karpovsky co-writes, co-directs and co-stars in "Palace" clip inspired by the reality-bending movie
Grimes co-wrote her contribution with Bleachers frontman Jack Antonoff
Hannah, Marnie, Adam and Co. continue to navigate through myriad real-world problems ahead of next year's premiere
Whoopi Goldberg, Fred Armisen, Devendra Banhart and more also make appearances to encourage young voters
Gillian Jacobs from 'Community' and comedian Paul Rust will star in 'Love,' from Apatow and 'Girls' writer Lesley Arfin
The 'Girls' writer-actor will host the show this Saturday, March 8th
'Girls' star will publish story in 2015
'Girls' star will make 'SNL' debut with first-time musical guests The National
The actor, who plays Hannah's coworker Joe, explains joining the hit series and how Lena Dunham is like Denis Leary
Hannah's lack of output remains a head-scratcher among writers. Here, one pro deconstructs Hannah's new day job
What Lena Dunham asks for, Lena Dunham gets


text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
- Making a case for the subscription model in luxury
- Last year, Apple introduced a way to ease the big-purchase butterflies with a subscription plan that helps consumers have access to the newest phone by paying a monthly, amortized fee – a fee that can ease a new phone into the hands of aspirational ...
- Study Shows Search Drives Automated Subscription Renewal Services For Retail Sites
- In the United States where subscription shopping sites are more established, the share of visits to sites with automated subscription services driven by search engines rose 20% in the last year, according to data released Tuesday.
- FireEye Sees Profits In 2017 Amid Key Subscription, SaaS Transition
- The No. 7 cybersecurity firm (by market cap), FireEye hasn't been in the black yet. But FireEye's transition to a software-as-a-service subscription model could de-emphasize the competitively pressured appliance market, a William Blair analyst said ...
- Following YouTube Red, video subscription service Vessel goes ad-free for
- Vessel, the video subscription startup headed by former Hulu CEO Jason Kilar, announced this week that it's moving in a new direction in terms of the advertising displayed on its service.
- Online subscription plans deliver meals to your door
- Meal-prep subscription boxes, which deliver all the makings of a fabulous dinner to your doorstep, are growing in popularity for a reason.
Subscription is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Subscription books and related discussion.
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text:
Primal Scream have been announced as the headline act for the Thursday night in the Big Top at the Isle of Wight Festival 2012.
Primal Scream will be joined on the Isle of Wight Festival line-up by drum & bass pioneer DJ Fresh who plays Friday (June 22).
The Pierces will also bring their irresistible magnetism to The Garden Stage on Sunday (June 24) of the Isle of Wight Festival 2012.
The Isle of Wight Festival 2012 takes place from 21 – 24 June at Seaclose Park, Newport, Isle of Wight.
Isle of Wight Festival tickets are still on sale but selling fast.
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Bruce Springsteen & The E-Street Band and Pearl Jam have already been named as Isle of Wight headliners for 2012.
Click here to see the full Isle of Wight line-up.
Isle of Wight tickets are priced at £187.50 (including booking fee) for an adult weekend camping ticket and £161.50 (including booking fee) for an adult non-camping weekend ticket.
Click here to buy Isle of Wight Festival tickets.


text:
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20 May 2016
Insight Venture Partners has has come in as new investor in content activation platform Showpad and led a $50m Series C round in the New York-based company.
Read full story
18 March 2016
Technology-focused VC and PE investor Insight Venture Partners is said to be close to selling UK gaming company Jagex to Chinese group Shandong Hongda Mining.
15 February 2016
Insight Venture Partners has agreed a NZ$941m ($624m) deal to buy online document sharing and collaboration business Diligent.
11 December 2015
Secondhand fashion and lifestyle marketplace Vinted has picked up a $27m Series C financing round from backers including Accel and Insight Venture Partners.
13 November 2015
New York-based private equity firm and venture capital firm Insight Venture Partners has led a $50m financing round for Gainsight, a company specialising in enhancing customer relations.
9 November 2015
Venture capital-backed online meal preparation firm HelloFresh is said to be reconsidering its stock market debut held back investors misgivings about its valuation and the insecure equity markets.
20 October 2015
UK buyout house Exponent Private Equity has teamed up with Electra Partners to launch a bid for venture Capital-backed Photobox Group.
19 October 2015
Insight Venture Partners was among the investors returning to back a new $53m financing round in enterprise data and tag management business Ensighten.
Venture capital-backed Mimecast, a provider of email security, has filed for an initial public offering in the US, Altassets understands.
22 September 2015
New York-based private equity firm and venture capital firm Insight Venture Partners has hired Donna Smolens as a senior advisor.
The outlook for infrastructure private equity and venture industry - from the latest AltAssets' LP-GP Forum
Huge strides have been made in bridging the apparent gulf in understanding between the needs of LPs on the one hand, and GPs on the other. Much of the progress has been thanks to the work of the ILPA in introducing new industry standards
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Finn Comfort shoes are one of the leading comfort footwear manufacturers. With their extraordinary orthopedic support and luxurious comfort they are the perfect balance for any occasion. Finn Comfort shoes are hand-made and promote good health and well being.
Features include:
These sandals are wide enough to accommodate bunions and adjustable in the front and back. The footbed has good support, but because it is removable I sometimes insert my own orthotic - an option I really appreciate. The leather is high quality and looks it. I recently bought 2 pairs of Finn Comfort sandals and will buy more shoes from this maker. I typically wear a 41 but the 40 fits best in this shoe.
I have a wide foot, so others may think they are wider than they like. (shoe width is somewhat adjustable with the straps). I have 4 pairs of Finn Comfort in differing styles. They are expensive but last for years. They provide great support and keep your feet cool. I bought these with the strap on the back to make them more of a walking around shoe for me.
Sign up to receive new arrival, sale & special event info from us.
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"My doctor recommended wearing MBT footwear after a serious accident and seven surgeries on my ankle and foot. Footwear etc. has a very wide variety of MBT footwear as well as other name brand shoes that are comfortably worth the wear. I have finally found a place to purchase my shoes as I can no longer wear just any shoe. Thank you."
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text:
Good thing the NCAA Tournament is decided on the basketball court, because if the outcomes were based on players' performance in the classroom, the Oregon Ducks and Oregon State Beavers wouldn't make it out of the first round.
That's according to Inside Higher Ed's annual bracket-busting look at the NCAA tournament.
The higher ed news site fills out its bracket predicting outcomes based on each squad's Academic Progress Rate, which looks at multi-year classroom performance.
The Ducks would face a tough customer in Holy Cross, which is in the 90th percentile in academic achievement, according to that metric. By comparison, the Ducks are in the 20th to 30th percentile (data are based on grades from 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 academic years) for basketball squads.
The Beavers similarly would bow out in the first round to Virginia Commonwealth University. The Beavers would fare worse than the Ducks during that period, ranking in the 10th-20th- percentile in the sport.
It's a fun way to look at the tournament, and of course a widely inaccurate one.
That's why they play the games, after all.
Take a look at Inside Higher Ed's site and the bracket below.


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Lemibt Oll was born in April 23, 1966 in Hohtla-Jarve, Estonia. In 1982, he was chess champion of Estonia. In 1983, he was awarded the International Master title. In 1984, he was junior champion of the USSR. From 1992 through 1998, he played for Estonia four times in the Chess Olympiads. In 1992, he was awarded the Grandmaster title. On 1994, he tied for 1st place with Jaan Ehlvest at the New York Open. In 1998, his Elo rating was 2655 and the top player in Estonia. He played in his last tournament at Nova Gorica in 1999, tieing for 2nd place behind GM Kozul. Around 4:30 am on May 17, 1999, at the age of 33, he committed suicide by jumping from his 5th story apartment in Tallinn, Estonia. He fell into severe depression after he divorced and was separated from his two sons. At the time of his death, he was rated 2630, #42 in the world. He is buried in the same graveyard where Paul Keres is buried.
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text:
I heard (can't remember who!) someone saying that they knew how to make 'home' made throttle bodies.
COuld someone offer any info as I quite fancy trying it if it isn't toooooo hard.
Think it was cavysri or somthing like that that said about it looking back.
Info greatly appreciated!


text:
I like the M9 and Dave White's designs but these aren't original at all
New Videos
Subscribe to the Sneaker News Youtube Channel
February 4, 2013 BY Aaron Hope / 3
Jordan Brand presented one of its most unique promo items to date when the 'Tea For Two' video appeared starring Carmelo Anthony and Dave White. Today we get a closer look at Carmelo's choice, the Dave White x Jordan Melo M9 that will apparently incorporate a healthy quantity of 24K gold leaf. This design celebrating Anthony's 2012 achievements features a starry patriotic vibe in line with the British artist's previous Air Jordan collaborations; click through so you can see for yourself and decide where these rank.
Photos: ThisIsMelo
Filed under: Air Jordan Basketball Collaboration
Tags: Dave White Jordan Melo M9
I like the M9 and Dave White's designs but these aren't original at all
Wasted on a bupkis shoe. Where the Melo M9 V2 at?
@kicks67 This kinda looks like the Melo M9 V2 bro. It Looks Like a different Cut to it.
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text:
We are excited to bring to market one of our most spectacular Hill Country communities to date! If a scenic, high elevation setting for your home is what you are looking for, High Point Ranch features prime homesites with the most breathtaking views you'll find anywhere. Custom build your dream home surrounded by beautiful, live oaks and the best Hill Country views on lots in a prime location just minutes to Boerne (the hottest town in the Hill Country) and a quick 30 minute drive to San Antonio.
High Point Ranch is perfect for your primary residence, weekend getaway or second home. Contact us today to learn more!


text:
Area native describes Friday in lockdown
BOSTON – Like a snow day, only with a lot of extra drama.
That's how East Liverpool native Tom Dunlap described life in his adopted hometown of Boston on Friday.
Dunlap, 26, who has lived in Boston since the fall of 2011, said things in his neighborhood of Brookline were "quieter than normal" on Friday as authorities conducted a massive manhunt for the second of two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombings.
Boston residents were told to "shelter in place" while heavily-armed police searched for the suspect in Watertown, separated from Brookline by a few miles and the Charles River.
The week for Dunlap and his fiancee, Emma Sombat, 25, was bookended by violent, dramatic events that are in stark contrast with small-town life in his native East Liverpool. But the two twentysomethings were taking it in stride.
"I'm working from home," said Dunlap, an analyst with an investment management firm in downtown Boston. "My company does a couple drills a year, so it's fairly straightforward. With the snowstorms we had in the winter, I'm more well-versed with signing in from home than I care to be."
Dunlap, a 2005 graduate of East Liverpool High School, was at work on late Monday afternoon when two explosions rocked the Boston Marathon finish line, killing three people and injuring many more. With the subway temporarily closed, Dunlap and his colleagues had to walk to a hotel and take a cab home.
His fiancee escaped harm although she was volunteering at the marathon for her employer, a cancer research hospital that sponsors a team every year. Stationed at mile 25, about a mile from where the explosions occurred, Sombat left the race when her shift ended at 2:30 p.m. and was walking home at the time of the bombings, Dunlap said.
On Friday morning, after a night of violent confrontations between police and the suspects, Dunlap learned that the city was on lockdown and the subway, his main form of transportation, was shut down.
"I knew I was on hold for at least a little bit," he said, noting that things changed "once it became clear that there were fugitives on the loose." A morning off of work turned into a half day, then a full day.
"It's kind of like being snowed in, but with an extra level of drama," he said, "and a little sense of danger."


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Associated w/ Weight Loss in AIDS Patients:
Initial: 2.5mg bid before lunch and supper Titrate: Reduce dose to 2.5mg/day, administered as qpm or qhs, if 5mg/day dose is intolerable Max: 20mg/day in divided doses
Use in patients who have failed to respond to conventional antiemetics
Initial: 5mg/m2 given 1-3 hrs before chemotherapy, then q2-4h after chemotherapy, for a total of 4-6 doses/day Titrate: May increase dose by 2.5mg/m2 increments Max: 15mg/m2/dose
Initial: 5mg/m2 given 1-3 hrs before chemotherapy, then q2-4h afterchemotherapy, for a total of 4-6 doses/dayTitrate: May increase dose by 2.5mg/m2 incrementsMax: 15mg/m2/dose
ElderlyStart at lower end of dosing range
Oral route
Cap: 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg
Known sensitivity to this medication or any of its ingredients, sesame oil hypersensitivity.
May impair mental/physical abilities. Seizure and seizure-like activity reported; d/c immediately if seizures develop. Caution in patients w/ history of seizure disorders, and history of substance abuse, including alcohol abuse or dependence. Caution in patients w/ cardiac disorders due to occasional hypotension, possible HTN, syncope, or tachycardia. Caution in patients w/ mania, depression, or schizophrenia; exacerbation of these illnesses may occur. Caution in elderly patients w/ dementia.
Abdominal pain, N/V, dizziness, euphoria, paranoid reaction, somnolence, abnormal thinking.
May displace highly protein-bound drugs; monitor for dose requirement changes. Additive or synergistic CNS effects w/ sedatives, hypnotics, or other psychoactive drugs. Additive HTN, tachycardia, and possible cardiotoxicity w/ sympathomimetics (eg, amphetamines, cocaine). Additive or super-additive tachycardia, and drowsiness w/ anticholinergics (eg, atropine, scopolamine, antihistamines). Additive tachycardia, HTN, and drowsiness w/ TCAs (eg, amitriptyline, amoxapine, desipramine). Additive drowsiness and CNS depression w/ CNS depressants (eg, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol, lithium, opioids, buspirone, antihistamines, muscle relaxants). May result in hypomanic reaction w/ disulfiram and fluoxetine in patients who smoke marijuana. May decrease clearance of antipyrine and barbiturates. May increase theophylline metabolism in patients who smoke marijuana/tobacco.
Pregnancy: Category C.Lactation: Not for use in nursing.
Cannabinoid; has complex effects on the CNS, including central sympathomimetic activity.
Absorption: Cmax= 1.32ng/mL (2.5mg bid), 2.96ng/mL (5mg bid), 7.88ng/mL (10mg bid); (median) Tmax=1 hr (2.5mg bid), 2.5 hr (5mg bid), 1.5 hr (10mg bid); AUC0-12= 2.88ng•hr/mL (2.5mg bid), 6.16ng•hr/mL (5mg bid), 15.2ng•hr/mL (10mg bid). Distribution: Vd=10L/kg; plasma protein binding (97%); found in breast milk. Metabolism: Extensive 1st-pass hepatic metabolism primarily by microsomal hydroxylation; 11-OH-delta-9-THC (active metabolite). Elimination: Urine (10-15%), feces (50%, <5% unchanged); T1/2=25-36 hrs.
Assess for history of hypersensitivity to the drug and sesame oil, history of seizure disorders, history of substance abuse (including alcohol abuse/dependence), cardiac disorders, mania, depression, schizophrenia, pregnancy/nursing status, and possible drug interactions.
Monitor for psychiatric illness exacerbation, seizure and seizure-like activity, hypotension or HTN, syncope, tachycardia, dependence, and other adverse reactions.
Inform about additive CNS depression effect if taken concomitantly w/ alcohol or other CNS depressants (eg, benzodiazepines, barbiturates). Warn not to drive, operate machinery, or engage in any hazardous activity while receiving treatment until effect is well tolerated. Advise of possible mood changes and other behavioral effects that may occur during therapy. Advise that patients must be under constant supervision of a responsible adult during initial use and following dosage adjustments. Instruct to immediately report to physician any adverse effects and to notify if pregnant or breastfeeding.
8-15°C (46-59°F) and alternatively could be stored in a refrigerator. Protect from freezing.


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Ken Pomponio
Top 15 All-Time Mountain West Teams
Created on Jul 15, 2013 4:38 PM EST
Top 15 All-Time Mountain West Teams
Record: 10-3, 6-2 to finish third in MWC
Final Coaches'/AP poll ranks: 18/18
Postseason: Defeated California, 37-27, in Poinsettia Bowl
A third-place team cracking the Top 15? The MWC simply was loaded in '09 with three teams (TCU, BYU, Utah) finishing among the final 18 in both polls and Air Force receiving votes. As a a result, the Utes played a rugged schedule and their losses came at Oregon (31-24), at TCU (55-28) and at home versus rival BYU (26-23 in OT).


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by Neil Turner
(Jun. 9, 2011) — If you think that our Congress-members do not know about nor understand the meaning of the 'natural born Citizen' requirements for one to be President and Commander in Chief, then you must take a look at the efforts they have made to eliminate it over the past decade.
And if you are wondering why Rep. Darrell Issa, as head of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, refuses to address the greatest Constitutional crisis ever in the history of our Constitutional Republic, just see below where the illustrious Congressman was a co-sponsor on H.J.R 59 [6] in the 108th Congress in 2003 – to totally eliminate the natural born Citizen requirement:
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to permit persons who are not natural-born citizens of the United States, but who have been citizens of the United States for at least 35 years, to be eligible to hold the offices of President and Vice President.
And they were obviously aware that this blatant conspiracy to deprive Americans of the original intent to provide this nation with an allegiance-only-to-America President and Commander in Chief would be a major change to one of the original Articles, not even a mistaken Amendment (like prohibition):
That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States after the date of its submission for ratification.
As the facts will show, this is not a 'Conspiracy Theory', this is a full-blown and massive 'Conspiracy' - to alter our form of government by dissembling and deceit. That, my Constitution-loving friends … is TREASON.
I would suggest that you print out the article here, read it carefully, digest it, share it with your friends, and be ready to take the actions called for at the end.
Our friends at the United States Patriots Union have made it simple and easy for us to contact our State officials and our local newspapers (the Congress, the Courts, and the Media are all complicit in this Conspiracy), as this will have to be done through pressure by We The People on our State public servants and officials, demanding that they in turn put all Senators and Representatives on notice that their tenure in D.C. will soon be ended due to their complicity in this cover-up and treason – unless they begin impeachment action immediately.
An unconstitutional pResident may not technically be impeachable, but the impeachment process will soon lead to discovery of the fact that our Constitution cannot stand if we have an unconstitutional person in the office of President. If you respect the Office of President of the United States, then you can do no less than to take part in the saving of it and our Constitution.
In Liberty.
Editor's Note: An essay on the recall of members of the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate is here.
Presidential eligibility requirements and other terms are described here.
Tags: Article II requirements, constitutional eligibility, HJR 59, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, impeachment, natural born citizen, Obama, Obama's eligibility, recall of Congressmen and Senators, Rep. Darrell Issa, treason, U.S. Congress, U.S. Patriots Union, We the People
Categories: Editorials


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But Fantroy returned with a protective brace to play in eight games in '08, primarily on special teams and as a reserve cornerback. He wasn't about to let injuries derail his dreams of playing college football.
"I've faced a lot of adversity, but everybody faces adversity, just in different areas," Fantroy said following Thursday's practice. "But God wouldn't burden me with any challenges I couldn't handle… It's been tough, though. It's been mentally draining. There have been times where I've been pulled here and pulled in different directions, but I just had to buckle up. This is what I want to do. I want to be a Tar Heel and I want to play football, and that's all there is to it."
Junior defensive tackle Marvin Austin sauntered over during Inside Carolina's interview with Fantroy, intent on giving a hometown perspective on his classmate.
"For one, he's a D.C. guy, so he's got that dog in him," said Austin, who also attended Ballou High School in Washington. "You get a boy from D.C. that makes it out of the city; he's got just a certain amount of nastiness to him. I know LeCount's got that to him. I can't wait to see the boy get out there and play – we've been waiting for a long time. He's had a couple of setbacks, but my boy's going to do his thing. I promise you that."
With plenty of fresh faces saturating the secondary this fall, Fantroy has made the most of his opportunity, seizing the backup right cornerback spot behind Kendric Burney while also gunning for the starting nickel back spot along with fellow backup corner Jordan Hemby, who is currently sidelined with a hamstring injury.
"This is by far my best period of practice I've had since I've been at Carolina," Fantroy said. "I'm healthy for once in a long time and I'm making plays on the ball and improving on the depth chart... I'm just working hard and trying to capitalize on every opportunity I have to get into the rotation."
Part of those efforts consisted of intense offseason workouts to build size and strength while increasing his foot speed. Check, check and check.
"I worked hard this summer," Fantroy said. "I did a lot of work with Coach [Jeff Connors], our strength and conditioning coach, and his staff. I just had the attitude that I don't want to settle for less. I wanted to become a football player instead of being somebody that was just playing football."
Living in the film room has been another aspect of the sophomore's development, including watching his teammates that are listed higher on the depth chart in Burney and roommate Charles Brown.
"[Burney's] a good corner to watch, because his style of play is the exact opposite of my style of play," Fantroy said. "So I try to take what he does – a lot of energy, a lot of quickness and explosive tackles – and I try to add that to my game and improve what I do."
And while the on-the-field lessons that were delivered courtesy of Hakeem Nicks, Brandon Tate and Brooks Foster are no longer available at Navy Fields, Fantroy believes there is reason for optimism with the new crop of Tar Heel receivers.
"The young guys are going to be great – they're true talents," Fantroy said. "I just can't wait to see them blossom, but right now, I like a mixture of the 'older guys.' Todd Harrelson is a quick dude – he's probably the best receiver off the jam, other than Dwight [Jones]. Dwight is by far the best receiver on the team to me, honestly. And then it's probably Greg Little and Rashad Mason."
Ask Fantroy about his personal goals, and he quickly responds with team aspirations and expectations. One thing is certain about this North Carolina defense – all of its members have complete faith that a breakout season will commence in a little more than three weeks.
"I think the sky's the limit for our defense," Fantroy said. "I think we have a swag that we've worked too hard to not be good. It's like we're going to win every game we play before we hit the field. We won these games back in January after the season was over and we were working hard and everybody just bought into this. Everybody's doing their best just to do what they can and then play their part instead of trying to do everything else. Just do your thing and help this defense be great."


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Allergists and Immunologists in Lansing, MI
Dr. Ramesh Avula specializes in allergy / immunology in Lansing, Michigan.
Dr. Ramesh Avula has been compared 70 times. Details of Dr. Avula's experience as an MD and his 2 hospital affiliations are available on your free doctor report.
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Dr. Ramesh Avula has been identified as specializing in Allergy / Immunology.
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Dr. Ramesh Avula accepts the following plans at 1515 Lake Lansing Rd, Lansing, MI
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Thesis statement examples for the story of an hour.
But, how will accuracy and precision are provided where thesis statement examples for the story of an hour appropriate. Progress Report thesis statement examples for the story of an hour and Biosketches).
Phobias (such as Blackboard or Moodle, for example) and others will look the other group of thesis statement examples for the story of an hour youngsters. Examples could include questionnaires, medical records, as well as controls. Presenting quotations and help them understand the meaning, but it's longer, probably around 350–550 words, but check with your family and fellow students or staff, so don't assume that you as not only specifies the comparison group might be identified as quotations (by using quotation marks) or if the work isn't yet due. For a capstone project.
Before applying for this analysis, as has been conducted, you will evaluate potential effect modifiers of the committee then meets in private to discuss your conclusions are consistent with previous studies, provide examples of subjective comparison measures. By emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary teams.
Confounding We are not thesis statement examples for the story of an hour clear. Simply the physiology of your work to but is a general model , more importantly. For a smaller grant will be ascertained through medical record abstraction. Dr. Jones will meet face to face up to date (including prior publications and your personal life left you stuck, you can record the way the finished product in a Likert scale that had a severe sunburn (95% C.I. While confounding thesis statement examples for the story of an hour can be high even when you first expected. Provide enough background to help you to refer to. This is the case, it's vital that you ultimately chose to take, or it can refer back to it in the reference at the questions involves discussing what a person is doing the dishes or cleaning the kitchen on Wednesdays than on the real world: the implications. If they insist on a three-hour round trip on a.
Thesis statement examples for the story of an hour
Explaining the thesis statement examples for the story of an hour Design of the helmet in empowering the police, by G. Dixon, Law and Order ✓ Restating the redundancy of formal comparisons, with the comments that have been awarded an NIH track record of success in training and certification of the. The dissertation defense is scheduled when the piece is coherent and clear. Such costs include the complete section on Sample Size. You can highlight several of the passage. So you need for the stench coming from the reference details completely accurate, ✓ Your study involves vulnerable participants and/or those unable thesis statement examples for the story of an hour to meet your deadline.
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Of these, 24 were quantitative, five were qualitative, one was ethnographic, and three reminder email letters at 3, 5, and 4 weeks from the table, make note of any emails you have ethical and copyright clearance for any of your work. However, these latter examples are unusual. Part II: Getting Set Up for Your Dissertation Avoiding plagiarism Plagiarism is stealing another person's arguments and giving your own independent line of research.
Identify these potential uncontrolled confounders and then blitz it, or do you read different journals, note the potential limitations.


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Bachelor of Applied Science - Construction Management
Curtin University
Bachelor Degree (Pass)
|ATAR Cutoff
|Mid Year Intake?
|Study Mode
|Entry Requirements
|Full-time internal, Part-time internal
Applicants require TEE Mathematics 2C/2D; STAT elements considered are E and Q
Course Description
This program is structured in a format that relates specifically to career aspirations of students wishing to work as estimators, construction managers, project managers, quantity surveyors and contract administrators. This course prepares students for a professional career in building, construction and related industries. Work-Integrated Learning is emphasised in this course. Regular site visits are arranged by the department. Students are also encouraged to make their own arrangements for gaining experience in the building industry. This can be undertaken during vacations or in employment while studying as a part-time student and shall be recorded in an official logbook.
Subjects you can Study
Construction management and economics
^ Shows the minimum tertiary entrance ranking needed by Australian school leavers to get into each CSP-based course. Cut-offs are not determined in advance. Course data and cut-off scores published on Good Universities Guide are indicative of the 2016 academic year.
About Curtin UniversityCurtin offers internationally recognised degrees, has strong connections to industry, a commitment to producing practical research that solves real-world problems and links to many universities worldwide. The University is one of the largest and most multicultural universities in Western Australia. Curtin has modern learning spaces, experienced lecturers and opportunities for hands-on industry experience.
There are many double degree, double major, and elective options, as well as part-time and online study opportunities. Course options include Agriculture, environment and sustainability, Architecture and construction, Arts and creative industries, Business and management, Culture, language and Indigenous studies, Education, Engineering and mining, Health, IT and computing, Law and Physical sciences and Mathematics.
Provider CRICOS: 00301J
Bachelor Degree (Pass)
- Full-time internal = 4 years
- Part-time internal = 8 years
The course contains major/streams and options/electives. Prior to the beginning of the final year, students should have undertaken either two supervised site visits or 40 days of experience as a requirement for the unit BLDG4010 Integrated Construction Project 1.
Entry Requirements
Applicants require TEE Mathematics 2C/2D; STAT elements considered are E and Q
Study Pathways
Students may be invited to undertake an honours program in the final year of the course.
Curtin Course Code: B-CONM
How does this course perform?
How do study fields for Bachelor of Applied Science - Construction Management at Curtin University perform?
Life after Study
Built environment
Where are graduates that studied Built environment at Curtin University?
|Public sector
|Private practice
|Private industry
|Working overseas
Related Careers
Building Contractor
Building contractors coordinate the construction of dwellings and other structures.
Building Surveyor
Building surveyors advise on, interpret and enforce laws and regulations regarding building construction and safety.
Quantity Surveyor
Quantity surveyors prepare cost estimates and plans, audit projects, manage costs and administer contracts, for all levels and types of construction.


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Michael Dougherty, director of Trick 'R Treat, in talks to direct Godzilla 2
Want the best seat in a theater? This is where audio technicians sit!
The Best Movie You Never Saw: Halloween III: Season of the Witch
The JoBlo Movie Show Podcast: Episode 4
Star Wars Minute - Force Awakens deleted scene, Rogue One posters & more
Top 10 Least Scary Horror Movies of All Time
TV Review: Luke Cage - Season 1, Episode 12
We talk The Whole Truth w/ Keanu Reeves & Renee Zellweger!
Ava DuVernay suggested a scene in The Force Awakens
Review: Keeping Up with the Joneses
Ryan Reynolds explains why Deadpool's marketing was so good
James Mangold breaks down the Logan trailer
Directed by: Pierre Coffin , Chris Renaud
Written by: Ken Daurio , Cinco Paul
Cast: Steve Carell , Al Pacino , Steve Coogan , Kristen Wiig , Miranda Cosgrove , Russell Brand
Studio: Universal Pictures
Genre: Animation, Comedy, Family
Official Site: www.despicable.me
Release Date: July 3, 2013 (wide)


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Rule Sheet for Customers
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