text:
The white race is not monolithic. Often white populations that recently migrated into a region are passed off in history text as the original historic population that in reality were Blacks or Negroes.
History as written today is nothing but falsehood. For example, here is a Sumerian:
But instead of showing Sumerians in textbooks scholars provide pictures of Gutians from Lagash:
Without the concept of race the lie being taught that the Sumerians were non-Blacks--Gutians-- will exist forever, since text book publishers only publish what they want us to believe.You can continue to follow the Eurocentrists propaganda that erases Blacks from ancient history--I would rather stick to reality.
The Gutians were Southern whites. They did not look like the Sumerians, who were Blacks.
To understand whites you have to realize that there are a number of white populations. The European whites can be divided into at least two groups the Northern and Southern Europeans. The Northern Europeans mated with the Black Europeans, but for the most part they were able to maintain a much lighter complexion.
The Southern Euopeans were less numerous so they retain a much darker complexions than the Northern Europeans. The Nordic whites, although they may have blond hair, retain big lips and wide noses and may represent some sort of Albino origin.
The second Sub- group of whites are the Syrians, Turks and Indo-Aryan speakers. The ancestors of these whites are the Gutians. They are Mountain people that originated in the Highlands of Central Asia and Mesopotamia. First mention of these whites go back to Sumerian and Akkadian times.
The Niger-Congo speakers introduced R1a and R1b to Europe during the Kushite expansion.
The Semitic speaking Africans followed the Kushites into Europe. First mention of these Semites are in Egyptian and Sumerian documents as Puntites and Meluhites. Another Semite tribe was the Akkadians of Mesopotamia. The Ethiopian Semites spread haplogroups G, I and J to Eurasia.
I am beginning to believe that after the Hittites defeated the Hatti and Kaska and other
peoples belonging to the Hurrian and Mitanni kingdoms, these people were uprooted and forced into Iran.The lost of Anatolia to the Hittites, probably forced these people to become nomads.
In Iran they probably formed a significant portion of the Proto-Arya population. Here they may have met Indo-Iranian speaking people,who may have practiced a hunter-gatherer existence, that adopted aspects of their culture especially the religion and use of Mitanni religious terms and chariot culture.
Joining forces with the Mitannian-Hurrian exiles they probably attacked Dravidian and Austronesian speaking people who probably lived in walled cities. The Austronesian and Dravidian people probably came in intimate contact during the Xia and Shang periods of China.
I have to reject the Afghanistan origin for the Indo-Iranian speaking people because the cultures there in ancient times show no affinity to Indo-European civilization. Given the Austronesian and Dravidian elements in Sanskrit and etc., I would have to date the expansion of the Indo-Aryan people sometime after 800 BC, across Iran, India down into Afghanistan, since the Austronesia people probably did not begin to enter India until after the fall of the Anyang Shang Dynasty sometime after 1000 BC.
This would explain why "the Vedic and Avestan mantras are not carbon copies of each other",they may have had a similar genesis, but they were nativised by different groups of Indic and Iranian speakers after the settlement of nomadic Hurrian and Mitanni people in Iran.
Friday, August 26, 2016
Friday, August 19, 2016
PaleoAmericans lived first at the Serra da Capivara National Park
Dr. Guidon says the first PaleoAmericans lived at Pedra Furada in Brazil.
The first Americans lived in the Serra da Capivara National Park. Dr. Guidon claims that people from Africa had established settlements at this site 100kya.
The Cerra de Capivarains probably landed on the Coast of Brazil and made their way to Serra da Capivara National Park. Sailing down the South American rivers or overland the Cerra de Capivarains made their way to Monte Verde in Chile 33kya.
PaleoAmericans were at Arroyo del Vizcaino by 30kya.
Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 7:57 AM No comments:
Wednesday, August 10, 2016
Khoisan Introduced haplogroup R1 among the First Europeans
Myres et al argues that the neolithic European gene pool was probably influenced most, by events in Western Europe, rather than intrusive pioneer farmers from the Near East(1). They argue that R1b lineage , phylogeographic and temperal patterns support a Central European origin for this clade and not a recent genetic heritage from Anatolia.
The archaeogenetic evidence fails to support this conclusion. The genetic, craniometric and archaeological evidence all support a Khoisan , rather than Southwest Asian or Central European origin for R1b, just like the Khoisan origin of hg N among the Aurignacians and Salutreans.
The archaeogenetic evidence fails to support this conclusion. The genetic, craniometric and archaeological evidence all support a Khoisan , rather than Southwest Asian or Central European origin for R1b, just like the Khoisan origin of hg N among the Aurignacians and Salutreans.
The presence of R1 among the ancient Europeans also supports their Khoisan origin . C. M Schlebusch, in her PhD Dissertation Genetic Variation in Khoisan-Speaking populations from Southern Africa , found R1b widespread among the Khoisan. She noted that the percentage of Khoisan carrying Rb1 was:
Karretjie 0.105
Khomani 0.182
Nama 0.071
Naro 0.500
Herero 0.067
Among the Herero 0.067% carried R1a1.
The Khoisan first crossed into Europe from Africa, landing in Iberia 44kya.
The Khoisan first crossed into Europe from Africa, landing in Iberia 44kya.
Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 9:37 AM 3 comments:
Sunday, August 7, 2016
Can Color Terms be Used to Describe Racial Groups: "Yes".
Races exist. The terms black and white to identify a particular race are legitimate trms to classify members of a particular race. The precise scientific definition of Black is what ever people agree on.
In ordinary language--colloquial talk--the above also holds true. But , we must remember that in ordinary language words have meaning only when they are reducible to their definitions and the class boundaries of these definitions. As a result, the definition of of a word may often fail to reflect the meaning of a particular word used colloquially .
Consequently, precision in language is sometmes lacking –often the colloquial form has little in common with the actual definition of a particular word—yet people accept the usage of a particular word, as the valid definition of a word.
For example, in the applied linguistic course I teach, I often begin the class by asking my students the question "what does the word love mean".
They respond with various words based on their own interpretation of the word 'love' especially my female students.The definitions they give for 'love', include, love is respect, love is understanding your mate, and etc. After I place the words on the board I have someone read a dictionary definition of the word. This definition is: affection and sex.
My students are often surprised that their definitions have nothing to do with the actual meaning of the word 'love'. I use this to illustrate that the word meanings we subscribe too, based on popular usage may have little validity with the dictionary meaning of words.
This illustrates that in ordinary language words have meanings different from there dictionary meanings and they are not reducible to their book definitions and the class boundaries of these definitions since people may agree on a colloquial definition not included in the book definition. This means that the definitions of words are dynamic and can not be restricted to definitions listed in a dictionary.
Granted the populations associated with the words: negro, blanco etc. are not exact descriptions of the 'races' they are used to represent, yet people accept them as adequate descriptors for diverse "races". This is why based on the color lexemes associated with a particular cultural group there can be more than the three races we find associated with western culture, based on the color a group may use to identify a racial group. No matter the colors associated with diverse races---population groups use to define a racial group—the race and the color people use to describe that race are valid 'scientific terms' since they reflect the agreed upon definition/descriptor of a particular racial group by that particular population.
Since people say races exist—there are various races agreed upon by members of a particular society based on their world view. These races are also represented by color lexemes agreed upon by populations who have defined a particular race, by a particular color term. Racial categorizations are therefore based on a groups agreed upon descriptor for a particular population/racial group. Since the term applied to a race is accepted by members of the community that term is real, scientific and valid.
This results from the fact that science is 'knowledge gained by observation and experimentation'. People observe that other human beings in a particular geographical region share physical features which they group as a race. This agrees with the definition of race: "any of the major groups into which human beings are divided based on some physical features such as color of hair and skin".
This makes any population defined by a particular "color" a legitimate racial group for that particular population.
Thusly the ancient Blacks when they came in contact with Caucasians and Mongoloid people they used color terms to describe themselves: Black, as opposed to the new population they came in contact with e.g., the term 'white' for Caucasians.
By the rise of the River Valley civilizations we see caucasoids in Mesopotamia/Anatolia. I have seen no iconographic evidence of whites in Africa before 1200 BC. After 1200 BC we see the Hua invading China,and the Peoples of the Sea invading Egypt and Mesopotamia.
First mention of whites is by the Sumerians who note invasions by the Gutians, who they referred to as 'wild men', coming down from the mountains into Sumer.
By Akkadian times, the Mesopotamians began to call themselves sag gi ga 'black people' to differentiate between themselves and the Gutians.
The white group to appear in Mesopotamia which represents the European white type was the Hittites. The Black tribe in Mesopotamia was called Hattic-- not Hittite.
In China, the Hua tribes came down from the mountains and began to attack the Black people. The black Chinese began to refer to themselves as 'li min'='black people'.
The textual evidence indicates to me that there were no whites in Africa. It also shows that when Blacks came in contact with non-Blacks they used terms to describe themselves as 'dark or black' in comparison to to new folk they encountered in their migrations out of Africa.
Interestingly, these non- Blacks invade the Black nations from montainous areas e.g., Gutians, Caucasus Mountains (caucasians), Huangshan mountains (Hua/Contemporary Chinese people).
The use of sag gi ga in Mesopotania, and li min in China make it clear that Blacks recognized different racial groups. They would have been familiar with albinos in Africa, so they probably would have never referred to themselves by racial terms--unless the Gutians and Hua were recognized as racially different from themselves.
Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 5:01 AM No comments:
Tuesday, August 2, 2016
Islamic Education in West Africa
In this paper the author reviews the history of Islamic education in West Africa. It explains the origin and curriculum of traditional West African Islamic educational institutions and its manifestations in contemporary Africa.
There is a long history of Islamic education in West Africa. Islamic education in West Africa is the result of both West African and Arabic educational inspiration.
According to Ivor Wilks (1968) and Charles Hunter (1977) Islamic education wads diffused to West Africa by Ibaadi clerics from North Africa. The major founder of Islamic learning in West Africa was the 12th century Shaykh, al-Hajj Salim Suware, founder of the Jakhanka clerical tradition and scholars at the University of Sankore.
The most wide spread educational tradition in West Africa, was founded by al-Hajj Salim Suware. Al-Hajj Suware encouraged learning among the Serakhulle and other Manding speaking people, and a tradition of pacifism and withdrawal from political affairs by their educators and religious leaders.
There is a long tradition of Islamic learning in West Africa. Muslim scholars traveled throughout the Muslim world in search of knowledge.
As early as the last quarter of the 10th century there was a mosque in Cairo for the people of Takrur. In Cairo the West Africans had homes in a special section of the city. (Trimingham 1962, pp.41-42)
African Muslims have a long tradition of Arabic scholarship. Many of their documents were written in Arabic, or in their own languages in the Arabic script. Dr. J. O. Hunwick (1962) has found over 400 African Muslim authors, who wrote 2000 books. But there are few inscriptions on royal tombstones or mosque in West Africa. Nor did the African Muslims mint coins .
Al-Zuhri, writing in Andalusia (Spain), in the Mid-12th century said that leading men of ancient Ghana made the pilgrimage (hajj ) to Mekka, this suggest that West Africans were also studying the zahir al-culuum branches of learning. Moreover, the Islamist Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d.1505) author of the Tafsir al-Quran, in his biography Tahadduth bi ni cma Allah , mentioned many of the West African shaykh (teachers/leaders) whom he taught in Cairo, Egypt.
The African cleric/teacher restricted the use of Arabic to his teaching. Often these scholars will deliver many of their lectures on advanced Islamic studies in their own native languages. Educators in West Africa are called by many names including: Afaa, Mallam, Alufa, Shaykh, al-Wali or al-Faqih. the term fudi, is employed to designate a man of learning among the Manding, Soninke and Fulbe people. Among the Jakhanke/Jakhanka clan, a student becomes a fudi when he completes al-Suyuti's Tafsir al-Quran.
Muslims became interested in Arabic learning so they could understand heritage, and read the Muslim holy book called the Quran. The Muslims believe that the Quran is the word of God Allah).
The Islamic sciences include the Quran, and hadith. In the Quran , surah (chapter) Yunus 3-7, we find a summary of the Islamic sciences:
"Verily, your lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six periods then he settled Himself firmly on the Throne, He governs everything. There is no intercessor with Him save after His permission. This is Allah, your Lord, so worship Him. Will you not then mind? To Him shall you all return. The promise of Allah is true. Surely, He originates the creation, then He produces it, that He may reward those, who believe, and do good works, with equity; and as for those who disbelieve, they shall have boiling water to drink and a painful punishment, because they disbelieve. He it is who made the sun radiate a brilliant light and the moon reflect a lustre, and ordained for it proper stages, that you might know the count of years and the reckoning of time. Allah has not created this system but in accordance with the requirements of truth. He details the Signs for a people who possess knowledge.
Verily, in the alternation of night and day, and in all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth there are Signs for a God fearing people"
These passages from the Quran, make it clear that Muslims must seek knowledge, because it helps the Muslim become closer to Allah. It was the Muslim sufi who first established the idea that a Muslim obtains a special type of grace called baraka.
The hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) demands that a Muslim seek out knowledge. Prophet Muhammad left many sayings referring to the quest of knowledge by Muslims including the following:
"The quest of knowledge is obligatory for every
Muslim. Verily the men of knowledge are the inheritors of the prophets.
Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave".(Shalaby, 1954, p.62)
It is clear from the Quran and the hadith that it is the duty of the Muslim to seek al-culuum al-qliyyah (intellectual sciences). This makes the seeking of cilm (knowledge) sacred to Muslims. Conversely this meant that the awkaaf (endowments) for educational institutions and libraries was an important aspect of Islamic culture.
Given the necessity for Muslims to seek learning/knowledge in all its diverse and intellectual stimulating forms, allowed the non-Arabic speaking followers of Islam to make their traditional sciences part of the Islamic sciences upon their adoption of Islam. Study of the natural sciences was acceptable to Islamic educational traditions if they did not conflict with the teachings of Islam. This led to the scientific knowledge of sub-Saharan Africa, India , Greece , Mesopotamia , and Egypt to became absorbed into the Islamic sciences, via the educational system.
The Islamic sciences are usually referred to as al-cilm al-husuuli (acquired knowledge). In West Africa, the Islamic sciences are divided into various branches and sub-branches of learning. Whereas the Arab Islamic sciences are primarily based on Greco-Egyptian materials the West African Islamic sciences are basically of indigenous inspiration. This does not mean that the sub-Saharan African Islamic sciences have incorporated nothing into their educational curriculum from the North African system, but it should be made clear that much of the West African Islamic curriculum was of Black African origin.
The Islamic sciences are divided into two basic educational systems the ulama (ulaama) system and the madrasah systems. Under the ulama system, a student studies under an Islamic scholar at his residence. Under the madrasah (or Koranic school) system on the other hand, a group of students study in a classroom setting.
The categories for study in the Islamic system is divided into two broad categories zahir and batin studies. The zahir studies make up the Islamic science of society as a whole. The batin studies include divination, medicine and occult knowledge. (Winters 1987)
In general, because of the existence of a pre-Islamic educational system in Africa before the adoption of Islam by many West Africans we find that zahir studies follow the Arab model of education. The practical sciences on the other hand, or batin studies combine the Arab and the African sciences, or are wholly African in origin.
In the African Islamic tradition of learning, zahir studies refer to the study of the scripture and sources of Islam. The zahir curriculum includes three areas:
Tawhid (theology)
I. Science of Society fiqh (law)
Madh (laudation)/hadith
Tafsir (Quranic commentary)
nahw (grammar)
II. Logic lugha (literature)
III. Practical Sciences
Natural Sciences
The batin studies deal with esoteric studies or secret knowledge based on the symbolic or mystical interpretation of the Quran. This includes knowledge about divination, mathematics, khatam (charm making) and tibb (medicine). To become a Shaykh (or very learned man) one must master both the zahir and batin learning.
If we were to categorize the zahir curricula in West Africa we must conclude that they are founded on either 1) the Suwarian tradition of the Western Sudan, or 2) the Timbuktu tradition in the central Sudan. The zahir studies in West Africa is based on the Maliki fiqh or school of Islamic law. The Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, is the earliest school of law to appear in Arabia.
The Maliki fiqh was founded by Malik ibn Anas, author of the Muwatta. The Muwatta, studies in detail the deeds and sayings of the Prophet of Islam. These deeds and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad are called the Sunnah.
The usual zahir curricula of most West African schools included the study of the Quran, one or two simple prayer books; the study of fiqh through the analysis of the Risala, by Ibn Abi Zayd; and the Tafsir al-Quran, by al Suyuti. It was Touba Jakhanke, who centralized the use of the Tafsir al-Quran, in West Africa.
Another important text used in West Africa to study fiqh was the Mukhtasar. Among the Hausa speaking people of Nigeria the Mukhtasar is often considered on the same level as the Quran.
The major text for advanced study in most West African schools in West Africa is the Mudawwana, by Sahun. It is used by most West African educators, except the Jakhanke.
The term batin studies refers to the study of medicines, divination and the making of charms. The batin studies usually deal with the mystical importance of Arabic letters and their corresponding numbers. This type of batin study is usually called huruuf (letters).
Batin studies began with the memorization of the numerical values of the Arabic letters. After this stage the student goes on to study khatam (seal or ring).
The khatam is a series of diagrammatic magic squares. There are three types of khatam , the muthallathu or squares three by three, the murabbacu or squares four by four, and the mukhammasu squares five by five. These khatamun (plural form of the word khatam).
In the batin institution the student learns to make different types of charms. The most important batin charm is the kaba koi naso 'bottled white liquid'. This charm is composed of a bottle which contains a white liquid and six pieces of paper. On four of these slips of paper passages from the Quran are written in Arabic script. Tables of numerical calculations are written on the final two sheets of paper. The kaba koi naso was sought by people interested in obtaining political authority.
Another common batin form, was a charm called sofo by the Manding, it was written on paper and placed inside a leather pouch, or the horn of an animal. This amulet was worn around the neck, arms, waist or ankles and was suppose to bring one good luck.
The Muslim educator must have a license to teach. The student after studying under a recognized educator earns a license to teach called the cijaza. The cijaza is also called sanad ,it documents the chain of authorities who passed on information to the student's teacher.
In the African Islamic education tradition children usually learn the Quran at home and how to write the Arabic script. Their style of writing Arabic is called ajami.
The student begins his study of the Quran by constantly memorizing the first surah of the Quran, the Fatiha, for two weeks. then the student moves on to learn additional lines of the Quran. To learn the Quran each surah is recited loudly by the student.
The Jakhanke people are the Manding speaking specialized caste of Muslim clerics and educators. (Hunter 1977) The Jakhanke people belong to the Soninke people, but they prefer to be called Serakulle. The term Soninke, in West Africa is used to refer to non-Muslim people.
The Jakhanke learning was spread throughout West Africa by the transmission of the teaching tradition from master to student. The usual Jakhanke curriculum undertaken by the Jakhanke student begins with the Quran and ends with study of the Tafsir. There are a total of 28 books that must be mastered before a student can become a teacher. The student is to hand copy these books and take them back to his village where he can begin his own Karanta (school).
The central Sudani system of teaching , popular in Nigeria was founded by the scholars at the University of Sankore in Timbuktu. Sankore was founded during the Mali Empire by Jedala scholars.
Sankore was highly regarded as a center of learning by Muslims around the world. The curriculum of Sankore consisted of 1) Faculty of Law, 2) Faculty of Medicine, surgery, pharmacology and allied subjects, 3) Faculty of Letters, 4) Faculty of Grammar, 5) Faculty of Geography and 6) Faculty of Industrial Arts. The leading scholar of the Sankore tradition was Ahmad Baba.
Information about Ahmad Baba is found in the Tarikh al-Sudan by al-Sadi. He was born in 1556, and died in 1627. Baba strictly adhered to the Maliki fiqh. Ahmad Baba is said to have written 39 books. He taught both at Timbuktu and Marrakush, Morocco. His writings were used by many militant Islamists in the 18th and 19th century to justify jihads (holy wars) in West Africa. The curriculum founded by Ahmad Baba was made up of 44 books .
In conclusion West Africans have a long history of Islamic education. This educational system is based on both Arab and West African traditions.
The founders of the West African Islamic education system was established by scholars of Timbuktu and al-Hajj Salim Suware. These systems used in the Central Sudan and Western Sudan respectively, are still existing today (Doi 1985; Winters 1987).
This Islamic education scheme which functions outside the national education system in West African countries plays an important role in the militant Islamic movements that are causing political problems in countries like Nigeria and Senegal.
Alkali,H. (1967). A Note on Arabic Teaching in Northern Nigeria, Kano Studies, no.3: 11-12.
Bello, Muhammad. (n.d.) Infaq al-Maysur. MS, Northern History Research Scheme, Department of History Ahmadu Bello University,(Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University) 2, no.4,5.
Doi, A.R. (1984). Political Role of Islam in West Africa with Special Reference to 'Uthman dan Fodio. Al-ilm Journal of the Centre for Research in Islamic Studies (University of Durban,Westville), 4:27-36.
Doi, A.R. (1985). Islamic Education in Nigeria 11th Century-20th Century. Muslim Education Quarterly 2, no.2: 68-81.
Fudi, A. (n.d.) Lubab al Madkhal. Northern History Research Scheme, Ahmadu Bello University History Department. Zaria: Ahmadu Bellow University. K.5/5.
Gbadamosi, T.G.O.(1978). The Growth of Islam among the Yoruba 1841-1908. London: Longman Group Limited.
Hunter,T.C. (1977). The Development of an Islamic Tradition of Learning among the Jakhanke of West Africa. University of Chicago . Ph.D Dissertation. Chicago.
Hunwick, J.O. (1962). Ahmad Baba and the Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 2, 3: 328-334.
Kani,A.M. (1984). Aspects of Moral Education in Sokoto Caliphate. Muslim Education Quarterly l, 3:67-76.
Lewis, I.M.(ed.) (1980). Islam in Tropical Africa. London : Indiana University Press.
Shalaby, A. (1954). History of Muslim Education. Beirut.
Trimingham, J.S. (1962). A History of Islam in West Africa. London: Oxford University Press.
Wilks,I. (1968). The transmission of Islamic Learning in Western Sudan. In Literacy in Traditional Societies, (Ed.) by Jack Goody.(Cambridge; Cambridge University Press) pp.161-187.
Winters,C.A. (1985)). The West Africa Ulama and Islamic Movements. Islam and the Modern Age, no. 1433: 286-289.
Winters, C.A. (1987). Koranic Education and Militant Islam in Nigeria. International Review of Education 33, 171-185.
Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 8:26 PM No comments:
Tuesday, July 19, 2016
Melanesians did not cross Beringia to introduce mtDNA D4a to Paleoamerican
In the latest article by Pontus Skoglund, and David Reich. (2016).A genomic view of the peopling of the Americas, the authors claim that the Solutrean hypothesis should be rejected because the Anzick child carried mtDNA D4, which is also carried by the Australo-Melanesians. This hypothesis is groundless because some of the Australo-Melanesians, especially the Fijians, claim they came from Tanzania, where , some people carry mtDNA M1, which Gonder claims cluster with peoples from Oceania.
Skoglund and Reich (2016), argue that the earliest Native Americans crossed the Beringa into North America, and that this Beringian population is related more to South American Indians, instead of North American Indians[i]. They argue that this population 12,600 years ago, as represented by the 'Anzick child of Montana was related to the Mal'ta population. Anzick child carried mtDNA D4h3a, and Y-chromosome Q-L54*(xM3) .
In the picture above we see in the middle a reconstruction of the first Europeans, as represented by Mal'ta man. On the left we see Naia of ancient Mexico and to the left of the first European we see Luzia, of Brazil. Luzia and Naia are aleoamericans. Anzick child would have resembled these Blacks.
It is interesting that Anzick-1 was found in 1968. The Anzick-1 remains were returned to the Anzick family and analyzed by Sarah Anzick who discovered that the skeleton carried mtDNA D4h3a, which is also carried by Native Americans on the West Coast, of North America[ii]. Skoglund and Reich (2016) wrote:
"The most surprising finding was that the Anzick individual is from a population more closely related to Central- and South Americans than to some northern North Americans (including all speakers of Algonquian languages studied to date), despite the apparent common ancestral origin of Native Americans across the continents. This suggests that the present-day population structure of the main ancestry in Native Americans [23] dates back to more than 12,600 years ago [25], and that this diversification divided the ancestry of present-day Native Americans into two main streams, one of which includes the ancestors of present-day Northern Native Americans analyzed ('NNA': Cree, Ojibwa, and Algonquin), and the other of which includes the Anzick individual and present-day Central- and South American groups ('SA': e.g. Mixe, Quechua, and Yaghan)."
It is surprising that given the fact that the Anzick skeleton was in the possession of Sarah Anzick who is a genomic research her that no one has questioned the results of Sarah Anzick. Since the Anzick skeleton's DNA could have been contaminated while under the protection of the Anzick family, these results may not reflect the true ancestry of Anzick.
Skoglund and Reich (2016), argue that since the Andamanese and Australo-Melanesians carry D4h3a, this haplogroup had to have entered America via the Beringa around 12,000 BC. The presence of this haplogroup among the Australo-Melanesians is not supported by archaeological evidence.
The Fijians, for example claim they came from Tanzania. The archaeological evidence indicate that the Melanesians recently entered Melanesia from Africa. And that the Melanesian languages have an African substratum and the place-names are identical to West African placenames[iii].
The archaeological evidence indicate that the Melenesians only arrived in their present habitation areas during the Lapita cultural expansion 3-4kya. As a result, the Australo-Melanesians were not in Eurasia 12kya, as assumed by Skoglund and Reich (2016).
Haplotypes with HVSI transitions defining 16129-16223-16249-16278-16311-16362; and 16129-16223- 16234-16249-16211-16362 have been found in Thailand and among the Han Chinese (Fucharon et al., 2001)[iv], these haplotypes were originally thought to be members of Haplogroup M1. However, on the basis of currently available FGS sequences, carriers of these markers have been found to be in the D4a branch of Haplogroup D, the most widespread branch of M1 in East Asia (Fucharon et al., 2001; Gondor et al., 2006; Yao et al., 2002)[v]. The transitions 16129, 16189, 16249 and 16311 are known to be recurrent in various branches of Haplogroup M, especially M1 and D4. Gonder et al., (2006) for example, noted that the mtDNAs of Tanzanians belonging to haplogroup M1 cluster with peoples from Oceania[vi].
Given the fact that the Melanesians recently entered the Pacific from Africa they can not be the source of the Paleoamerican population that carried mtDNA D4 to the Anzick child. The fact that the Anzick child carrid DNA related to Mal'ta man, who lived in Europe, supports the Solutrean hypothesis for some of the Paleoamericans[vii]. Since the Solutrean culture originated in Africa and was later taken to Europe it would explain the affinity between mtDNA D4a and the M1 carried by the Tanzanians who are the ancestors of the Fijians.
End Notes
[i] Pontus Skoglund, David Reich. (2016).A genomic view of the peopling of the Americas, BioRxiv, retrieved July 20,2016 at: http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/15/058966
[ii] Rasmussen, Morten; et al. (February 13, 2014). "The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana".Nature 506: 225–229. doi:10.1038/nature13025. PMID 24522598. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
[iii] ______________African and Dravidian Origins of the Melenesians, https://www.academia.edu/10306654/AFRICAN_AND_DRAVIDIAN_ORIGINS_OF_THE_MELANESIANS
[iv] Fucharoen G, Fucharoen S, Horai S (2001). Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in Thailand. Journal of Human Genetics 46 115-125
[v] Fucharoen G, Fucharoen S, Horai S (2001). Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in Thailand. Journal of Human Genetics 46 115-125; Gonder MK, Mortensen HM, Reed FA, de Sousa A, Tishkoff SA (2006). Whole mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(3) 757-768; and Yao YG, Kong QP, Bandelt HJ, Kivisild T, Zhang YP (2002). Phylogeographic differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Han chinese. The American Journal of Human Genetics 70 635-651.
[vi] Gonder MK, Mortensen HM, Reed FA, de Sousa A, Tishkoff SA (2006). Whole mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(3) 757-768.
[vii] Winters,C. (2015). THE PALEOAMERICANS CAME FROM AFRICA,jirr.htm2015 Vol. 3 (3) July-September, pp.71-83/Winter. https://www.academia.edu/17137182/THE_PALEOAMERICANS_CAME_FROM_AFRICA
Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 9:28 PM No comments:
Saturday, July 9, 2016
Shriner D and Keita SOY (2016) Migration Route Out of Africa Unresolved by 225 Egyptian and Ethiopian Whole Genome Sequences
Shriner D and Keita SOY (2016) Migration Route Out of Africa Unresolved by 225 Egyptian and Ethiopian Whole Genome Sequences.Front. Genet. 7:98. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00098
This paper attempts to address the issue of the OoA event using contemporary Egyptian DNA. The results are useless.The fact that contemporary Egyptians are of predominant Arabian and Caucasian origin reflects the replacement of the ancient Egyptians over the past 1500 years.
There are many ancient mummies. if the authors would have attempted to recover ancient DNA we
might have gained insight into the OoA event, but since the ancient Egyptians have been replaced , a contemporary Egyptian population can not tell us anything about ancient Egyptians DNA and the role ancient Egyptians played in the OoA event.
Posted by Dr. Clyde Winters at 7:53 PM No comments:
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London's rents skyrocket while UK economy collapses (18Apr13)
- published: 18 Apr 2013
- views: 2601
London\'s rents are skyrocketing, as more foreign \"investors\" clean their dirty money through the UK\'s property market, and rip people off taking homes to live in off the market so others can\'t buy them. The LibLabCon have wanted more foreign \"investment\" into the UK, now we have the result of all that dirty money. Recorded from BBC London News, 18 April 2013....

subset: commoncrawl


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Exclusive Video: Jana Kramer talks about her hidden talent, fiancé Brantley Gilbert and more
Country singer and former "One Tree Hill" star Jana Kramer took a few minutes before her headlining show at Summerfest tonight to chat with Tap Milwaukee's Piet Levy. Kramer revealed her hidden talent and talked a little about her upcoming wedding to fellow country star Brantley Gilbert and the tour with Blake Shelton that will bring her back to Milwaukee in September. »Read Full Blog Post(2)
New Milwaukee Rep season boasts Liberace, 'Color Purple'
During its 2014-'15 season, the Milwaukee Repertory Theater will stage two world premiere productions — and bring back one of this town's most popular entertainers for an encore.
Next March, the Rep, 108 E. Wells St., will premiere "Five Presidents," a commissioned drama from Rick Cleveland set on the day of Richard M. Nixon's funeral, which brought Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton together. Cleveland has been a writer on such acclaimed TV series as "House of Cards," "The West Wing" and "Six Feet Under." »Read Full Article(1)
Food and drink events in Madison for tonight and later: MadTown Shakedown and SloPig
Two events in Madison will revolve around food and drink with a competitive edge: the MadTown Shakedown cocktail competition tonight, and SloPig on March 16.
The cocktail competition, which starts at 7 p.m. at the Wise bar inside HotelRed, 1501 Monroe St., will pit five Madison bartenders against each other to create a cocktail from ingredients divulged when the contest begins. Participating bartenders are Grant Hurless, Kevin Lu, JR Morcanu, Jessi Stebbins and Jeff Spear. »Read Full Blog Post(3)
Late 'Ghostbuster' Harold Ramis explains the meta of 'Groundhog Day'
I spoke to the late "Ghostbuster" and "SCTV' cast member Harold Ramis before his appearance here as a guest of the old Milwaukee International Film Festival in 2006.
Although the honor was a modest one, "you can never get enough accolades," he joked. »Read Full Blog Post
Annual Firkin Beer Festival announces July date
It's not too early to think about summer. And summer beer.
Milwaukee's Firkin Beer Festival announced July 19 as the date for the annual brew festival. More than 100 craft beers will be available to sample from Milwaukee breweries and guest breweries from around the country from 4 to 8 p.m. at Cathedral Square Park. »Read Full Article
Fall Out Boy, Paramore to headline Summerfest July 5
Pop-punk bands Fall Out Boy and Paramore are co-headlining the Marcus Amphitheater on July 5, the seventh major show announced for Summerfest 2014, fest officials confirmed Monday.
The Milwaukee stop for the bands' Monumentour was the top prediction to headline Summerfest in a speculative Journal Sentinel story last month. Routing had the bands in the Midwest around the July Fourth weekend. »Read Full Article(3)
Countdown to spring: 25 days
Welcome to the last Monday in February. There's something to be said for that.
Instead of suffering through cabin fever, readers in Wauwatosa joined the All-City Read. Tonight, they will video chat with "Rocket Boys" author Homer Hickam at 7 p.m. at the Wauwatosa West High School Auditorium. »Read Full Blog Post


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District of Alaska Contract Cases
Medicare Act Cases, Dockets and Filings
Cases filed
Cases 1 - 4 of 4
Mapes v. Heath et al
as 3:2016cv00144
Plaintiff: Eric Joshua Mapes
Defendant: Ester Rae Heath, SEARHC
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question
Type: Contract › Medicare Act
O'Connor v. Sebelius
as 1:2009cv00020
Plaintiff: James O'Connor, James O'Connor
Defendant: Kathleen Sebelius
Cause Of Action: Review of HHS Decision (SSID)
Ferguson v. Sebelious et al
as 3:2009cv00137
Plaintiff: Kun Yea Ferguson
Defendant: Kathleen Sebelious, Center for Medicare Services, Medicare Secondary Payer Recovery Contractor
Cause Of Action: HHS: Adverse Reimbursement Review
Freel v. Barnhart
as 4:2005cv00018
Cause Of Action: No cause code entered
Type: Contract › Contract: Recovery Medicare
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.


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Security officers in two school districts will now carry their personal guns on duty after the Sandy Hook shooting in Connecticut.
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A state database that tracks patient prescriptions in real time made its official launch on Tuesday, with the goal of cutting down on prescription drug abuse. Under the state's I-STOP law, passed last year, doctors are required to check a patient's record before filling or issuing a prescription for a narcotic or other powerful drug. Called the Prescription Monitoring Program Registry, the database will enable providers to see whether a patient has already obtained a ...
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He (she?) posts the same crap all day long to get you to go to website. Get's paid by number of "clicks" he brings in.
Nah, lol, don't get paid by clicks. Sorry I didn't do better. just watch the retrace. 50% 25.45 is normal. If we don't get a Higher High than 27.13 we will have to consider this is the "B" wave and a "C" wave down is yet to come. Higher than 27.13 ( or whatever high we make today) and we are on our way higher. Still be resistance at 29.17 area and a retrace from there.
As I replied to you the other day, your window had to be a few days for your projections as I said the fed would not taper. If you listened to the bald guy, he did not mention any possibility of tapering in the near future and was more dovish than ever. I would suggest this stock will be over $30 within days.


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Looking for the fastest and best suspended bike?
Would still smell as sweet
New motor mount shape/material, 1/4 turn fasteners, new fork settings
WARNING: Much of the action depicted in this magazine is potentially dangerous. Virtually all of the riders seen in our photos are experienced experts or professionals. Do not attempt to duplicate any stunts that are beyond your own capabilities. Always wear the appropriate safety gear.


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SkillzKillz's Guide to K-Style
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SkillzKillz's Guide to K-Style
Guide to K-Style
K-Style stands for Korean Style. Of course it was created in the Korean version of Gunz and quickly adapted to other versions.
Alright, so if you've ever seen players in Gunz flashing around and quickly shooting off shotguns then they are probably using K-Style. The best players of the game and most of the pros use this style. It is very fast, effective, and difficult to master.
Basic Moves:
BF - Butterfly
Step Combo:
Description: This move is used for mobility and sword attacks. If used correctly it can evade attacks or trap your enemies.
SS - SlashShot
Step Combo:
Jump>Dash>Slash>Switch to Weapon>Shoot>Switch to Sword
Description: This is the basic gun attack used in K-Style and one of the first moves to to learn. It is useful to evade attacks from enemies using automatic weapons, and, in return, shoot them.
HS - Half Step
Step Combo:
Jump>Dash>Slash>Switch to Weapon>Dash Back>Shoot>Switch to Sword
Description: This is your next gun attack used in K-Style. It evolved from SS to be even more evasive.
LS - Light Step
Step Combo:
Description: This is mostly a learning skill for K-Style moves such as Half Step.
IF - InstaFall
Step Combo:
Description: Make your enemy instantly fall to the ground for easy killing. Difficult to safe fall from this move. Commonly used after a massive hit.
WC - Wall Cancel
Step Combo:
Jump(off wall)>Slash>Dash>Repeat
Description: Basic move for climbing walls.
Advanced Moves
DBF - Double Butterfly
Step Combo:
Description: Two slashes in one jump. Much more effective than normal BF but slightly slower. Dashing is optional.
RS - Reload Shot
Step Combo:
Shoot>Reload>Switch Weapon>Shoot>Reload
Description: Tapping reload cancels delay creating 2 quick shot blasts.
RSS - Reload Slash Shot
Step Combo:
Jump>Dash>Slash>Switch to Weapon>Shoot>Reload>Switch to Sword
Description: Reloading immediately after the shot will cancel the delay for consecutive rss. Essential skill for fast play. If trained correctly it may become the second fastest gun skill and most effective.
RHS - Reload Half Step
Step Combo:
Jump>Dash>Slash>Switch to Weapon>Dash Back>Shoot>Reload>Switch to Sword
Description: Reloading after the shot will cancel the delay for consecutive rhs. Will increase speed of normal hs. Essential skill for fast play.
IG - InstaGun
Flip>Block>Jump>Slash>Switch Weapon>Shoot>Reload>Switch Weapon>Shoot>Reload>Switch to Sword
Description: Instakill using a rs. If done correctly, should instantly kill then enemy.
Created By: SkillzKillz
Please note I will be regularly updating this thread as there is so much to write. I will eventually include replays or videos. Anyone may post suggestions to include moves or better the guide.
Last edited by SkillzKillz; 06-23-2008 at
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Home » Nonfiction » Charles River Editors » The Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberty
The Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberty
*Explains the history behind the creation and establishment of the Magna Carta.*Explains the influence the Magna Carta has had on Western democracy and which rights in the U.S. Constitution are derived from the Magna Carta.*Includes pictures of different copies of the Magna Carta*Includes footnotes that explain and provide some of the Magna Carta's text.*Includes a Table of Contents. To no man will we sell, or deny, or delay, right or justice.Magna Carta The West is home to the worlds oldest and democracies, and though these democratic governments take many different forms, from Americas republican system to Britains parliamentary system, every democracy and the principles behind it have their origins in the Magna Carta. A singularly consequential document in Western civilization, the Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter) was a document consisting of 37 articles signed in June 1215 in Runnymede near Windsor Castle between the barons of the English aristocracy and King John, the absolute monarch. The document embodies a series of written promises between the king and his subjects that he, the king, would govern England and deal with its people according to the customs of feudal law. For the first time, the notion of a kings absolute power had been successfully challenged without force of arms.Today the Magna Carta is acknowledged as the founding legal instrument of English common law and thus much of the legal principles of the West, an ironic legacy given that parts of the Magna Carta were distinctly intended to preserve the power of the aristocracy against the interests of the ordinary people. At the same time, however, the Magna Carta was an attempt by the barons to prevent King John from abusing his power while his subjects endured lawlessness, cruel and unjust laws, severe penalties and exorbitant taxation, thus fairly earning its reputation as a charter for individual rights against encroachment by state power. The sovereign ruler was now also subject to law, a previously foreign concept. As a cherished and vital part of the common law and the source of both civil and criminal procedure in the West, the Magna Carta is not just the law of the land but also a sacred text, the nearest approach to an irrepealable, fundamental statute' that England has ever had. Even scholarship that has resisted the overarching importance of the Magna Carta has had to concede that the Charter put resistance to arbitrary government on a legal basis with all the force of mandate, not just a moral idea or a wise notion. These scholars argue that the romantic view of the Magna Carta as a cure-all should be resisted: The king had acquired a power which he might abuse, and the acts of the reign of John are sufficiently on record to show how much a bad king could do before he became intolerable. These scholars also counsel, Those who drew up the Great Charter never pretended to be formulating a syllabus of fundamental principles, nor was it a code any more than it was a declaration of rights. It was a rehearsal of traditional principles and practices which had been violated by John, and the universality of its scope is a measure of the king's misgovernment. The Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberty explores the history behind the creation and signing of the document, including its causes and consequences, its influence on English law and the U.S. Constitution, and its impact and enduring legacy. Along with, you will learn about the Magna Carta like you never have before, in no time at all.


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With a stay at Pius Place in Pattaya (South Pattaya), you'll be minutes from Walking Street and Ripley's Believe It or Not. This hotel is within close proximity of Royal Garden Plaza and Pattaya Pier.
Make yourself at home in one of the 28 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have showers and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include safes and coffee/tea makers, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Enjoy the recreation opportunities such as an outdoor pool or make use of other amenities including complimentary wireless Internet access.
Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available daily for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include dry cleaning/laundry services, a 24-hour front desk, and luggage storage.


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Meghan Trainor's 'All About That Bass' Becomes Thanksgiving Parody, 'All About That Baste': WatchJust in time for the holidays, Meghan Trainor's booty-loving anthem has been transformed into a Thanksgiving Day ode to dads who just can't get it together.
Why Is Arlo Guthrie's 'Alice's Restaurant' a Thanksgiving Anthem?Guthrie famously tells the story of a littering incident between him and a police officer, and its effect on his status when trying to enter the Vietnam War through the draft. The incident happened on Thanksgiving Day, according to Guthrie, and part of the song involves his Thanksgiving dinner with Alice and his friends.
Thanksgiving Guide to Music on TVAs you ready for a feast this Thanksgiving, some of music's most notable stars will be gearing up for some big performances. Put the turkey in the oven and take a spot on the couch for these performances and specials.
Macy's Unveils Five New Floats For Thanksgiving Day ParadeOrganizers unveiled five new giant floats Tuesday at the Macy's Parade Studio in Moonachie, N.J.
Lady Antebellum to Perform During Thanksgiving Day Parade On CBSLady Antebellum will be joining forces with a slew of Broadway casts during The Thanksgiving Day Parade On CBS on Nov. 28.
Happy Thanksgivukkah! Have A Donut Stuffed with Turkey and Gravy
Carrie Underwood, Florida Georgia Line, Fall Out Boy Among Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade PerformersCarrie Underwood, Florida Georgia Line, Kellie Pickler, Brett Eldredge, Joan Jett and Fall Out Boy are among the musicians who have been invited to play the 87th annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.
Three Fun Thanksgiving Recipes For Kids (And Adults!)So your little one wants to help you make something special for the holiday? How about they make apple stuffing? Or Oreo turkeys? Or chocolate and peanut butter acorn cookies?
Karmin, The Wanted & Colbie Caillat To Perform At Macy's Thanksgiving Parade TomorrowNeon Trees, Flo Rida, and Carly Rae Jepsen will also make appearances during the parade.
'The Voice' Recap: Pre-Thanksgiving SuspenseT-minus one day until America goes on a four-day holiday of eating and it's time to check in with The Voice to see what kind of suspense they're going to leave us with for Thanksgiving!
What Is the Most Unusual Question the Butterball Lady Has Heard? How to thaw your turkey is one of the most asked questions the Turkey Talk Line has fielded, along with how long to cook your turkey, which pan to use and what to do when the turkey is on fire.
J&K's Office Space: Who Will You See This Thanksgiving That Will Be One Time Too Many?!Everyone has that one relative that chews with their mouth open, talks politics, criticizes their cooking or brings their own Tupperware to the party to take home leftovers. Once a year is enough to see them... or is it too much?


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Welcome to Salford Art Club Home Page
Friends of the Salford Museums' are now linked with us, to visit the site click on the Menu Bar
Amateur and Professional artists are welcome
Contact us at
firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com
Telephone: Club Contact No 0161 950 5019
Salford Art Club is a friendly and sociable group whose Members' talents range
from beginner to very accomplished. New Members are always made welcome and can just
We do not preach or teach but encouragement and help are there for all who ask for it.
The Club has a long and proud history of Members who are, or have become talented artists. Some have achieved recognition by having their work exhibited or even having their own exhibitions.
Perhaps you are a budding Lowry, Edith Breton or Harold Riley. Whatever your ambitions you are reading this because , beginner or experienced, you are interested in finding the 'artist within you'.
You don't have to pay to join straight away. Check us out for free for a couple of weeks. And beginners won't need masses of 'start-
So why not come along. You have nothing to lose but an awful lot to gain. Whether it be fame or just the pleasure of being able to say: " I did that".
Models are not easy to access. We have regular Life, Portrait and Costume models, plus Still Life subjects, as we try to keep our meetings varied and interesting. We also have a variety of excellent, very experienced, Demonstrators and Speakers to stimulate new ideas and show interesting techniques. Sometimes these are 'tutorial workshops' which may extend over two sessions, or be an 'on-
New Members are new blood, keeping our Club alive and lively; stimulating what exists and contributing fresh ideas.
We have completed the and transformed the down stairs big office. The whole space
between the front door and back bay window, into a new reception, retail and café
area. As well as selling contemporary designer made goods -
All Images on the Salford Art Club Website are Copyright and may not be reproduced in any way or form without the consent of the Artist
S.A.C archive files are now in Salford Local History library
The Salford Art Club Archives 1947-
To search these records contact the Library on 0161 778 0814 to book an appointment.
In part 2, Certain volumes will need permission from SAC committee to be accessed.
For further information contact the Archivist Tel: 0161 796 7619.
This Website is closing down at the end of October 31st 2016 and our new site is salfordartclub.com


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Next ScheduledThe custom of circumambulating Kailash is believed to purify the soul and cultivate in each pilgrim the ability to perceive the Divine. The experience is elevating and inspiring, and many pilgrims return to their homes with feelings of exaltation and spiritual inspiration.[...more]
Char Dham Yatra 2016DEPARTURE DATE: 28 September 2016 | DURATION: 15 Days | MAX. ELEVATION: 3,585 Meters / 11,760 Feet | TREK GRADE: Moderate. A complete darshan of Rishikesh, Haridwar, Yamunotri and Gangotri. Darshan of Kedarnath and Uttar Kashi. Visit Surya Kund, Divya Shila, Mata Murti Temple, Tap Kund, Narad Kund and Vyash Gupha.[...more]
The Difference
Karnali Excursions offers both customized and pre-arranged treks, tours, expeditions and pilgrimages of South Asia. Join us on our next adventure! Our experienced and knowledgeable guides will ensure that you will have the journey of a lifetime.
"Kailash is the most incredible place on earth I have ever been. Thank you so much for your help in getting me there."- Ben Winston, Freelance Travel Writer and Photographer
Kailash and Mansarovar Pilgrimage
Mount Kailash is believed to be the holiest mountain in the world to those of Hindu, Bon and Jain beliefs. It has proven to be a great enigma for adventurers throughout the ages, and for modern day travelers it offers an adventure unparalleled to any other modern-day adventure on this planet Earth.
This holy mountain is part of the Transhimalaya in far western Tibet, near the source of four of the longest rivers in Asia: The Indus, Sutlej, Brhamaputra, and Karnali rivers. To top off its magical connections, two powerful and holy lakes are found very near Kailash- Lake Manasarovar and Lake Rakshastal.
The locals refer to Kailash as Kang Rinpoche, or 'Precious Snow Mountain', but we can say that this mountain is precious for many reasons to those of many faiths. For the Hindus, Kailsh is the abode of Lord Shiva, and a symbol of his power.
Karnali Excursions has been running pilgrimage treks to Mt. Kailash and holy Lake Manasarovar for over fifteen years, sharing this holy yatra with pilgrims and adventurers from all over the world. As we move along on this pilgrimage, from Nepal across western Tibet, the connections we have with local experts, the understandings we have of the land, our experience and expertise all assure you, the journey of a lifetime!


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About Eros RestaurantGreek Menu, Grilled Fresh Fish and Traditional Meze
EROS restaurant Murray Hill in Manhattan is located between 33rd and 34th streets on 3rd avenue. Centered around family, friends and great food, our one of a kind Greek Restaurant specializes in dining for all occasions with traditional Greek recipies. Offering Lunch, Dinner, deliveries and catering. Eros Restaurant is perfect for a night out on the town, date spot, weekly dining and it is great if your looking for an authentic Greek meal. At Eros, we strive to make everyone feel as if they stepped in our home, and we want to make everyone feel as relaxed as possible so you can enjoy every minute with us.
Join us for our Lunch Pix Fixe, weekly specials, our delicious traditional Greek dishes Enjoy! Kali Orexi!
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Celebrate Memorial Day at the Saturday Night White Party
Our Price
Full Price
Don't miss the hottest Memorial Day Weekend party in town -- get dressed in white from head to toe and join the hot young crowd at the Saturday Night White Party at W San Diego. Celebrate in excess with DJ Schoeny, DJ Showtime and DJ Deone for a night filled with music, dancing, drinks and fun. Check out the W's newly renovated living room and patio, while partying with the 21-40 set, who all will be looking pristine in their white attire. Join the fun at the W for this Memorial Day Weekend bash.
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
All offers for Saturday Night White Party at the W have expired.
The last date listed for Saturday Night White Party at the W was Saturday May 25, 2013 / 9:00pm.
Currently at Renaissance
Haunted SD Hotel: Top DJs Spin at Halloween Party
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- Our Price:
- Sold Out
Hit one of the hottest haunts this Halloween at the Columbia District's Renaissance hotel. Six of… More
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Saturday Night White Party at the W
attended May 25 2013
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This was the WORSE all White party I've ever been to. A group of six of us went to the all white party because I saw it advertise on Gold Start and I thought it would be a good occasion for us to make it a great couples get together. I told...continued
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2 Comments
CNN gets all 7th grader on Fox News. Catty!
Well, Faux started it….
Feb 3, 2007 at 4:24 am · @Reply ·


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Nobody over the age of 12 gets everything they want for Christmas, right? Well, the best part of this time of year is the fact that everything is on sale – so we can go get what we want for ourselves! It's almost a crime against the season to pass up on these crazy steals. At least you can tell yourself that, in case you're in need of something rationalizing. Here is my list of the best bargains right now on things I've been wanting all year long…
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As we head towards the end of summer (noooo!), there is one thing we don't need to leave behind. While nautical prints and caftans will have to move to the back of closet, there's a certain fabric that gets to remain front and center: Canvas.
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I don't care how many you own; you can still never have enough basic shoulder bags that get you through the day without fuss. That being said, there's nothing standard about the latest Zagliani bag.
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We ask for the ultimate in functionality from our bags, and normally end up settling for a couple of extra pockets. Dream bigger! I'm talking two totes in one. Reversibility tends to lead to a lessening in luxury, but not so with these…
Zagliani Ada Bucket Bag: Love, Italian Style
While Zagliani doesn't always create the biggest stir with their impeccable, handmade creations, their exotic skins are supreme and the house is about as Italian as a centuries-old piazza. So I'm not entirely surprised they've managed to finesse the ever-tricky bucket bag.
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It's been a little while since we've covered a Zagliani bag, and I can confidently say their new Fall 2014 collection is most definitely making me sit up and take notice once again. Recently appointed Creative Director Giorgia Scarpa (formerly of Prada and Dior), now on her third collection for the Italian luxury house, is hitting her stride. As they say, third time's a charm.
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Or only hit the slopes in spirit! Sometimes a vacation calls for a snowy mountain getaway over a tropical beach holiday. I'm not one to necessarily take on a Black Diamond, but I am happy to cozy up in the lodge with a mug of hot chocolate…and a winter-ready bag that looks just as good in motion as it does at my side by the fireplace.
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Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?! Maybe if Juliet had managed to nail this beauty she would have maintained the will to live, with or without her man. There are great daily bags, and then there are the great daily bags that transcend their genre. The Zagliani Romeo falls at the top of the latter category.
Top 5 Deep, Dark Burgundy Bags: Fine Wines
Moving away from the Technicolor brights of spring and summer, we plunge into rich plum wine as we look ahead to fall.


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This review is from: Dolica CX680P108 Professional Carbon Fiber Tripod
Pros: Nice tripod for the money, Can hold up to 20 lbs, Very sturdy, I usually use this with a D90 + Grip and 70-300mmVR and it works! The legs are nice but the head was pretty heavy but it's okay not that bad but i'll probably replace it with a ball head soon! I almost bought the one with the ball head but I heard more positive about this one. More expensive than the others but you get what you pay for.
Cons: Has to take one of the head handles to fit inside the bag but it's also typical for other tripod brands as well w/ pan head.
Other Thoughts: Would love to have another one w/ ball head.READ FULL REVIEW
This review is from: Tamron AF 17-50mm f/2.8 XR Di II LD Aspherical Lens (IF) - Canon Mount
Pros: Very Sharp, That's all I can say!
Cons: A lil bit slow AF but I love doing manual focus anyway. So not a big deal.
Other Thoughts: This is my main all around lens, Works great for landscape, portraits, close ups, and for general use. I Sold my kit lens and bought this one and I no regrets.READ FULL REVIEW
This review is from: Nikon 2161 SLR Lenses AF-S VR Zoom-Nikkor 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6G IF-ED Lens Black
Pros: *Quick Accurate AF
*Very Sharp from 70-200mm
*Works Great in Broad Daylight
Cons: *Poor in Low Light (If you want a low light performer, You have to spend more $$ and get 2.8 or faster)
*Soft from 201-300mm but can be tweak using post process.
Other Thoughts: I Use this on a DX camera, Nikon D90READ FULL REVIEW


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