text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 2000
|Filing date
|Nov 20, 1998
|Priority date
|May 29, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Steven Szymanski, Jean Rene Menand, Vincent Dureau, Suresh N. Chari
|Original Assignee
|Opentv, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (88), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 09/087,386, filed May 29, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,038,319, issued Mar. 14, 2000, entitled "Security Model for Sharing in Interactive Television Applications."
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to interactive television systems and more particularly to means for enforcing security in regard to interactive television applications which may access other modules or take some action which is restricted.
2. Description of the Related Art
Interactive television systems enable television sets to be used to provide various new means for providing services to viewers. Interactive television systems are capable of displaying text and graphic images in addition to typical video program streams. Interactive television systems are also capable of registering viewer actions or responses. Proposed features of interactive television include a variety of marketing, entertainment and educational capabilities such as allowing a user to interact with televised programs by ordering advertised products or services, competing against contestants in a game show, or requesting specialized information regarding particular programs.
Typically, a broadcast service provider generates an interactive television signal for transmission to a viewer's television. The interactive television signal includes an interactive portion consisting of application code or control information, as well as an audio-video portion consisting of a television program. The broadcast service provider combines the audio-video and interactive portions into a single signal for transmission to a receiver connected to the user's television. The signal is generally compressed prior to transmission and transmitted through typical broadcast channels, such as cable television (CATV) lines or direct satellite transmission systems.
The interactive functionality of the television is controlled by a set-top box connected to the television. The set-top box receives the signal transmitted by the broadcast service provider, separates the interactive portion from the audio-video portion and decompresses the respective portions of the signal. The set-top box uses the interactive information, for example, to execute an application while the audio-video information is transmitted to the television. The set-top box may combine the audio-video information with interactive graphics or audio generated by the interactive application prior to transmitting the information to the television. The interactive graphics and audio may present additional information to the viewer or may prompt the viewer for input. The set-top box may provide viewer input or other information to the broadcast service provider via a modem connection.
Interactive television applications consist of one or more program modules. If the application has more than one module, the set of modules forming the application is typically self-contained. That is, all of the code needed by the application is in that set of modules. The first module is a directory module which identifies all of the modules which are part of the application. The entire set of modules, which is listed in the directory module, is transmitted via the broadcast channel to the set-top box and the application is executed. (The set of modules may be referred to as a carousel, as explained below.) If a first interactive television application has completed execution and a second is to be executed, the directory and other modules of the second application are transmitted to the set-top box and the second application is executed. The entire set of modules used by the second application are transmitted even though some of the modules might be identical to modules used by the first application.
It may be advantageous to design software applications in a modular fashion so that modules may be shared between applications. The advantages of modularity may include conserving the limited amount of memory in a set-top box which can be used for interactive applications, reducing the time required to download applications from a broadcast station to a set-top box or reducing the amount of application code which must be written by allowing modules to be shared. Because the components of an application may reside in different carousels, it would be desirable to ensure the security of the respective modules and accordingly restrict access to authorized modules.
It would also be advantageous to provide a mechanism for allowing applications to interact with each other in a controlled manner, even when they do not share modules. For example, if one application transfers control to another application and the second application stalls, the first application may need to terminate the second application in order to regain control. It would therefore be desirable to provide a system which can verify the first application's access rights and determine whether to allow the first application to take such an action. Further, it would be desirable to implement these features in a way that minimizes the overhead associated with the system.
The invention comprises a system and method for restricting or controlling the access rights of interactive television applications. ("Access rights" is used here to refer to the right of an application to share program modules, control other applications, use system resources or take some other action.) One embodiment of the invention provides means in an interactive television system to verify the credentials of certain applications which attempt to take actions which may affect other applications. The system is implemented in order to ensure the security, safety and authority of the respective applications with respect to certain operations. The system utilizes a credential consisting of various pieces of information to identify an application and its respective privileges, rights and restrictions.
In one embodiment, the credential contains a producer identification number (ID) and an application ID for the application, an expiration date, a list of rights, a producer certificate and a signature. The producer and application IDs uniquely identify the application. The list of rights identifies the application's ability to exercise restricted rights, such as accessing another application's modules or terminating the other application's execution. The restricted rights may pertain to any operation performed by applications in the system. The expiration date sets a time limit beyond which the credential is no longer valid. The credential utilizes public key encryption (described in more detail below) for security. The producer certificate is the producer's public key. The entire credential is signed with the producer's private key so that the integrity of the credential can be verified.
In one embodiment, a credential may be used to provide a mechanism by which a first application may grant permission to a second application to share its code or take an action with respect to the first application. The owner of the first application has an ID which identifies it in the credential. Likewise, the second application has an ID which is listed in the credential as the application being granted the permission. The owners of both the first and second applications have assigned specific IDs to the applications, each ID being unique among the applications of that owner. The owner also has its own ID which is unique among owners (producers). Any given application can therefore be identified by its owner and application IDs. Thus, any given application can grant particular permissions to a specific application owned by a specific owner. The producer and application IDs of the applications may be replaced with wildcards so that a single application may grant certain permissions to a group of owners or applications.
In one embodiment, the credential may be used to control the actions of a first application which do not affect other applications. For example, an application may attempt to access private, restricted data stored in a set-top box. The set-top box may be configured to allow access to the locations in memory corresponding to the restricted data only when presented with a valid credential indicating a right to access the data. In another embodiment, the system may be configured to restrict access to other system resources such as the return path to the broadcast station. The system may check an application's credential(s) before it begins execution or when access to the return path is requested. Access is permitted if a valid credential indicates permission to use the return path. The credentials may be used to control any number of functions of an application and there may be many variations in the implementation of the mechanism which is used to validate the credentials.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the distribution of interactive television applications and television programs from their sources to a series of viewers.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a set-top box used in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the component modules of a carousel and the transmission order of the modules in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the manner in which the data comprising a module is packetized in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the signal transmitted from the broadcast station to a receiving station in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6a is a block diagram illustrating the data structure of a credential used in one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6b is a block diagram illustrating the data structure of a credential used in another embodiment of the invention.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
One embodiment of the invention is described below. In this embodiment, an interactive television receiver accepts an audio-video-interactive signal via a broadcast channel such as direct satellite transmission. ("Direct" satellite transmission as used herein contemplates transmissions received by the interactive television receiver, more particularly by its antenna, directly from the satellite.) The audio-video-interactive signal contains television programs or similar audio-video content, as well as interactive content such as control signals or interactive applications. ("Broadcast" is used herein to refer to transmission of a single signal to all subscribing receivers.) The interactive television receiver is also configured to receive audio-video-interactive signals via a non-broadcast channel such as a modem. The interactive television receiver is configured to separate the audio-video content from the interactive content of the audio-video-interactive signal. The audio-video content is processed for display as a television program, while the interactive content is processed for execution by the receiver. The interactive content may enable the receiver to perform a variety of functions, including generating audio or graphics which are combined with the television program for display. If the interactive content comprises an application, the application may consist of several sub-components, or modules. The modules can contain any type of data, such as application code, raw data or graphical information.
The modules which form the interactive application usually belong to a single set of modules referred to as a carousel. A carousel can generally be defined as a set of modules which are owned by the same producer and have the right to access each other. The modules are referred to as a carousel because they are typically transmitted to the interactive television receiver in a cyclic manner. An application is a carousel which contains a "top-level" program.
It may be desirable to allow an application to access modules of another carousel (for sharing of data, transferring control of applications or other purposes). An application or module of one carousel can interact with modules of another carousel or with the interactive television system by employing "credentials." The credentials are sets of data which can be used to identify and verify the privileges and limitations of particular modules. The privileges and limitations may relate to whether a module is authorized to interact with the other modules or take some action which is otherwise restricted, such as accessing restricted areas of memory. The credentials may utilize wildcards to grant privileges to a number of modules without having to maintain a list of all the involved modules.
Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram illustrating the distribution of interactive television applications and television programs from their sources to a series of viewers is shown. Broadcast station 10 has several program sources 11. These sources may include remote broadcast network feeds, videotape recorders, computers, data storage devices, and the like. Sources 11 may provide interactive or control information, audio information and/or video information which is to be included in the interactive television signal. The information provided by sources 11 is typically compressed by compression units 12 in order to conserve bandwidth. Any of a number of compression algorithms, such as one of the Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) compression standards, may be used. The choice of an appropriate compression algorithm will depend on the type of information to be compressed and the transmission medium, among other things. Time stamps may also be added to, for example, synchronize associated audio and video signals. Some information may not be easily or effectively compressed, so some of the information may be routed directly from the source to packetization unit 13 without compressing the information. Packetization units 13 accept the compressed (or uncompressed) information and format it into packets for transmission over the broadcast channel. The packetization of the information will be described in more detail below. The packets are fed into multiplexing unit 14, which intersperses the packets prior to transmission. The interspersed packets are then broadcast to the receiving stations 20. (Although only one receiving station is shown in the figure, it is contemplated that the audio-video-interactive signal is broadcast to a group of subscribing receiving stations.) In the figure, the audio-video-interactive signal is depicted as being transmitted via satellite broadcast through antenna 15.
The broadcast signal is relayed by communications satellite 18 and received by receiving station 20. Although the figure illustrates a satellite transmission, it is contemplated that any broadcast medium (e.g., CATV or direct satellite transmission) may be used. (It should be noted that alternate embodiments of the invention may be implemented using point-to-point or other types of data distribution systems.) Receiving station 20 is contemplated to be one of a number of such stations which are subscribers of the broadcast service provider operating broadcast station 10. The broadcast signal is collected by receiving antenna 21 and fed to receiver 22, which in this embodiment is contemplated to be a set-top box. Set-top box 22 processes the packetized signal to reconstruct the television programs and interactive applications embodied in the signal. The reconstructed applications are executed in the set-top box, while the reconstructed television programs are passed to the television, where they are displayed. The interactive applications may generate graphics or audio which are combined with the television program prior to being displayed.
In addition to the broadcast channel between the broadcast station and receiving station, there may be other channels, such as a modem channel (which may also be referred to as an http, or hypertext transfer protocol, channel.) These types of channels serve two functions in the system: they allow the set-top box to provide feedback to the broadcast station; and they provide an alternate path for programs and applications from sources 12 to be delivered to receiving station 20.
Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a set-top box 22 is shown. The broadcast signal is received and fed into tuner 31. Tuner 31 selects the channel on which the broadcast audio-video-interactive signal is transmitted and passes the signal to processing unit 32. (Tuner 31 may be replaced by other means, all collectively referred to herein as input ports, for receiving signals from various signal sources.) Processing unit 32 demultiplexes the packets from the broadcast signal if necessary and reconstructs the television programs and/or interactive applications embodied in the signal. The programs and applications are then decompressed by decompression unit 33. The audio and video information associated with the television programs embodied in the signal is then conveyed to display unit 34, which may perform further processing and conversion of the information into a suitable television format, such as NTSC or HDTV audio/video. Applications reconstructed from the broadcast signal are routed to random access memory (RAM) 37 and are executed by control unit 35.
Control unit 35 may include a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor (DSP), or some other type of software instruction processing device. RAM 37 may include memory units which are static (e.g., SRAM), dynamic (e.g., DRAM), volatile or non-volatile (e.g., FLASH), as required to support the functions of the set-top box. When power is applied to the set-top box, control unit 35 executes operating system code which is stored in ROM 36. The operating system code executes continuously while the set-top box is powered in the same manner the operating system code of a typical personal computer (PC) and enables the set-top box to act on control information and execute interactive and other applications. The set-top box also includes modem 38. Modem 38 provides both a return path by which viewer data can be transmitted to the broadcast station and an alternate path by which the broadcast station can transmit data to the set-top box.
Although the term "set-top box" is used herein, it is understood that this term refers to any receiver or processing unit for receiving and processing a transmitted signal and conveying the processed signal to a television or other monitor. The set-top box may be in a housing which physically sits on top of a television, it may be in some other location external to the television (e.g., on the side or back of the television or remotely located from the television), or it may be incorporated into the television itself. Set-top box 22 serves to demodulate the signal received from broadcast station 10 and to separate the components of the signal, such as different television programs and interactive applications. Similarly, television 23 may be a television or a video monitor employing any suitable television format (e.g., NTSC or HDTV), or it may be replaced by other devices, such as a video recorder.
The receiving station is operatively connected to the broadcast station by a broadcast channel. This broadcast channel could utilize various transmission media and is contemplated to include media such as coaxial cable and free space (e.g., as used for direct satellite transmissions.) The broadcast channel forms a transmission path between the broadcast station and the receiving station. The broadcast station and receiving station are also connected by a return path. The return path typically consists of a pair of modems, one in the receiving station and one in the broadcast station, each connected to a standard telephone line. Other means for establishing a return path, e.g., using a portion of the bandwidth of the transmission path, are also contemplated.
Referring to FIG. 3, an application or carousel consists of a series of modules, one of which is a directory module. The directory module has a unique identifier so that it can be identified during transmission without further information. The directory module contains an entry for each of the modules in the application and any module which does not have a corresponding entry in the directory module is not recognized by the application. The directory module contains enough information to allow the interactive television receiver to access all of the parts (i.e., modules) of the application which may be necessary for execution of the program. The directory module must be accessed before the other modules of the application so that the remainder of the modules can be properly interpreted. The directory module may be transmitted several times during the cycle in which the modules of the application are transmitted in order to ensure that it is available for essentially random access to the other modules.
The directory modules of all the applications have a common format. The format consists of three parts: a portion having fixed-length components; a portion having variable-length components; and a portion having certification information. The fixed-length portion contains data on the application and each of the modules in the application. The variable-length portion contains string data on the module names and the hash of the modules. The certification portion contains the producer certificate and directory signature.
In one embodiment, an application includes at least one module which is downloaded and executed automatically. Other modules containing data or additional code may not be needed immediately, so they may be downloaded after execution of the application begins. The downloading of these modules may be subject to timing constraints, however, so the interactive television system is configured to take these constraints into account and deliver the modules in a timely manner. If necessary, one of these modules may be multiplexed with other modules or data to be sure it is received when needed.
Referring to FIG. 4, each of the modules 51 has a data segment 52 and a CRC segment 53. The data segment 52 of the directory module is described above. The data segment 52 of the remainder of the modules can contain any type of data, such as application code or raw data. The CRC segment 53 of each of the modules is used for error control and is computed for the entire module 51. Each of the modules 51 has a unique identifier.
Before the modules 51 are transmitted, they are formatted into transmission units 54. For the purposes of discussion, items referenced by the same number but different letters (e.g., 54a, 54b, 54c) will be collectively referred to by the number only (e.g., 54). Each of the transmission units 54 contains header information 55, which uniquely identifies that transmission unit 54 within the stream of transmission units, and data 56 which comprises a portion of the module being transmitted. The header 55 contains information such as the module ID, module offset and size, which allow the transmission units 54 to be reconstructed into a complete module 51. The transmission units 54 comprising a particular module 51 may be interleaved with other transmission units 54 in the transmission stream. The last transmission unit 54 for a module 51 carries the CRC 53.
The format of the transmission units 54 is dependent upon the transmission medium, but typically employs a series of packets of fixed length (the last packet may be padded to obtain the proper length.) The first packet 58 in the series carries the header information for the transmission unit 54. This header packet 58 is a special packet which can generate an interrupt in the CPU and which contains information to enable the CPU to determine whether the module 51 should be decoded and where it should be loaded into memory. The header packet 58 in a direct satellite transmission utilizes an auxiliary type packet which can generate an interrupt. The remainder of the packets 58 in a direct satellite transmission utilize a basic type packet which simply carries the transmission unit data.
The audio-video-interactive transmission from the broadcast station to the interactive television receiver comprises a series of transmission units. The transmission units which form a given module are typically time multiplexed with other information. This information may consist of transmission units of another module or compressed audio or video. The transmission units which are received by the interactive television receiver are reconstructed into their respective application modules.
Referring to FIG. 5, a diagrammatic representation of the signal transmitted from broadcast station 10 to receiving station 20 is shown. The packets of several program sources may be multiplexed into a single transmission stream if necessary. These packets may contain data for various applications or television programs. The illustrated transmission stream includes audio (A) and video (V) packets of a television program, as well as packets of two interactive application modules (M1, M2.) The packets are formatted as explained above to enable reconstruction of the packets into the respective programs and modules. It should be noted that several modules can be simultaneously transmitted by combining their packets in the transmission signal. The figure illustrates the time multiplexing of the packets of the modules and the television program. The modules need not belong to the same carousel to be transmitted together. It can be seen from the figure that there are typically more packets of video data for a particular television program than audio data for that program as a result of the greater amount of video data which typically must be transmitted.
The broadcast signal is received by set-top box 22. Set-top box 22 may also have a modem connection for receiving an http signal. Set-top box 22 is contemplated to include a module management unit which is configured to detect packets corresponding to modules which are required for execution of an interactive television application. The modules are not necessarily required to begin execution of the respective application, but may be requested by the application after it begins execution.
Set-top box 22 demultiplexes the packets, separating the packets containing module data from packets containing audio and video for television programs. The module management unit detects module packets and determines whether these packets correspond to modules needed by the executing application. The set-top box then reconstructs the modules from the corresponding packets and reconstructs the television programs from the packets containing the associated audio and video data. As explained above, the modules are stored in RAM 37, where they are available for use by applications executing in the control unit 35.
The modules within a given carousel are generally created by a single producer who intends the modules to have access to each other. If there is a need for one of the modules to take some action with respect to another of the modules, it is assumed that the first module has the appropriate permissions. If there should be restrictions on the first module's actions, it is the responsibility of the programmer to enforce those restrictions. There is therefore typically no need for a security mechanism to restrict access between these modules. As pointed out above, however, applications may be designed to interact with modules which belong to other carousels, or they may be designed to take some action which is not allowed to be taken by all modules. It is therefore desirable to implement a security device which controls, for purposes such as system and application safety, whether modules of one carousel are allowed to perform restricted operations. (Although the modules may actually perform the restricted operations, access rights are generally granted on a per-carousel basis, so the following description relates to grants of rights to carousels.)
A module may obtain permission to perform a restricted operation by means of a credential. A credential is a collection of information which typically identifies the carousel and can be taken as proof of the module's authorization to perform the restricted operation. The restricted operation may be any one of the operations performed by applications in the interactive television system. For example, the operation may be one in which an application suspends or resumes execution of another application, hides or shows the display generated by the other application, or sends messages to the other application. These examples are intended only to illustrate some of the rights which can be granted, and are not intended to be an exhaustive list.
In one embodiment, the producer of a carousel may create a credential which is intended to allow selected applications to initiate or terminate execution of the application stored in the carousel. For example, the carousel may comprise an electronic commerce application which allows interactive television users to make purchases via credit card transactions. Certain online shopping applications may be authorized to initiate the credit card transaction application in order to make purchases. These same applications, or possibly a different set of applications, may be authorized to terminate the credit card transaction application if it stalls or cannot complete the transaction. The applications which initiated the credit card application could thereby regain control and resume execution in spite of the inability to complete the credit card transaction.
In this example, the producer of the credit card application creates the credential and distributes the credential to other producers who he or she desires to have access to the credit card application (e.g., those who have licensed the use of the application.) The credential can be created by secure means so that it can be determined at run time whether the credential was in fact created by the producer of the credit card application (which may be referred to as the "grantor carousel".) For example, the credential can incorporate a certificate to enable authentication of the credential. The producers to whom the credential is distributed can incorporate the credential into their own carousels (which may be referred to as the "grantee carousels") which may need to initiate/terminate the credit card application. It is contemplated that the credential may be delivered to the system separately from the application(s) with which it is associated. The credential may be stored in the system so that the information embodied therein will be available upon receipt or execution of the application.
It should be noted that the credential is distinct from a certificate, which is normally used simply to authenticate the validity of an application itself and to identify the producer of the application. The system may imply certain rights and/or limitations which are associated with the producer of the application (for instance, only certain producers may be allowed to create applications which use the modem).
In one embodiment, certain applications may be allowed to run at the same time while others are prohibited from doing so. A credential may be used to control the simultaneous execution of the applications. The credential may contain data indicating one or more applications which are allowed to execute at the same time as a first application. If the first application is executing, an attempt to execute a second application may cause the system to check to the appropriate credential to determine whether the second application is permitted to execute at the same time. If the credential indicates that the second application is permitted to run simultaneously, the second application will be initiated. If not, the second application will not be initiated. In another embodiment, the credential may contain data indicating one or more applications which are not allowed to execute at the same time as the first application. In this instance, an attempt to execute the second application would cause the system to check the appropriate credential to determine whether the second application is prohibited from executing simultaneously. Initiation of the second application would then be permitted or prohibited, based on the data contained in the credential.
In one embodiment, the credential is presented by the grantee carousel to the interactive television system to verify that it is allowed to initiate/terminate the credit card application. The system allows this action to be taken upon verification of the credential and the corresponding right to initiate/terminate the application. The interactive television system verifies the credential by comparing the producer and application IDs specified in the credential to the credit card and grantee carousels. The system also verifies that the credential has not expired, as determined by an expiration date in the credential. It is contemplated that verification of the credentials may be performed either prior or subsequent to execution of the application which will request access to other carousels. In other embodiments, credentials may be transmitted to the system separately from the application. For example, a set-top box may be periodically loaded with a set of credentials which control the restricted accesses and operations for all of the applications executed in the set-top box.
In another embodiment, the restricted action may not involve interaction with another carousel or application. The restricted action may instead involve functions such as the use of system resources. For example, certain applications may be allowed to access restricted portions of the memory in the set-top box or transmit data to the broadcast station via the return path. In this case, the credential may be created by the broadcast service provider or the owner of the interactive television system. The credential may be distributed to the producers of applications for which access to the restricted system resources is authorized. Upon execution, the credential is presented to the interactive television system and access to the appropriate resources is allowed.
Before the credential structure is described, it should be noted that there are a variety of security systems which use "public key" encryption. Public key encryption systems may employ various encryption algorithms. One embodiment uses RSA (Rivest, Shamir & Adleman) and DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithms. Public key encryption utilizes a pair of encryption keys, one of which is termed a private key and one of which is called a public key. The private key is kept secret by its owner, while the public key is made freely available. A message or other file which is encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key. Likewise, a file which is encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted with the public key. When a message is encrypted with one of the keys, it is converted into an apparently random set of characters. Thus, when a message encrypted with a public key is sent to the holder of the private key, the sender can be assured that, even if the message is intercepted, only the intended recipient (who holds the private key) can decrypt it and read the message. When a message is signed, rather than encrypted, the message remains in readable form, but an encrypted signature is appended to the message. While anyone who sees the message can read it, the signature can be used to verify that the message originated with the holder of the private key. Further, because the algorithm which encrypts the signature is dependent in part upon the message which precedes the signature, any changes to the message will cause the signature to be unverifiable. The signature can therefore be used to ensure that the message is unaltered.
Referring to FIG. 6a, a diagram illustrating a simple credential data structure 60 is shown. This credential and the credential shown in FIG. 6b may be used for accesses between carousels as well for other restricted accesses. It should be noted that, although the following description focuses on inter-carousel accesses, these credentials can be used to identify any type or combination of restrictions and that the examples are illustrative rather than limiting.
Credential 60 includes grantor carousel information, grantee carousel information, an expiration date and a producer certificate. The credential is signed to enable verification of its authenticity. The grantor information includes the producer ID 61 and the carousel ID 62 for the grantor carousel. Likewise, the grantee information includes the producer ID 63 and the carousel ID 64 for the grantee carousel. Expiration date 65 can be included in the credential to limit the period for which the credential is valid. The illustrated credential also includes permission data 68. This data identifies the permissions which the grantee carousel has in regard to accessing restricted resources or performing other restricted operations. Permission data 68 may consist of any type of data suitable to identify the permissions of the carousel. In one embodiment, permission data 68 may comprise individual bits which affirm or negate particular permissions corresponding to predefined positions of the bits, while in another embodiment it may comprise a plurality of bytes explicitly identifying particular permissions. It should be noted that this data may be used to identify any rights or restrictions associated with a carousel and is not limited to resource access restrictions.
The credential contains a producer certificate 66. The producer certificate 66 is used to authenticate the credential and guarantee that it was created by the producer. Producer certificate 66 comprises the producer's public key, signed by some trusted party. (A trusted party is one who can vouch for the authenticity of the key. The trusted party's signature is encrypted and incorporated into the key.) The trusted party's key is well known. That is, it is stored in the system and is always available to the system. The entire credential 60 is then signed 67 with the producer's private key to ensure that none of the data in the credential 60 can be modified. A similar type of credential may be used by the broadcast service provider to allow receiving stations to control the functions of modules delivered by the broadcast service provider.
It is apparent that the use of a single credential for each instance of an application requiring access to a carousel can result in a very large number of credentials which may need to be maintained by a grantee carousel. If a carousel may require access to many other carousels of other producers, one credential would be required for each of these carousels. Creating and maintaining such a large number of credentials may also create a need for a great deal of coordination between producers. The credentialing system can therefore create substantial overhead which may outweigh the security benefits which it provides.
In one embodiment, this problem is addressed by allowing a credential to list a number of grantee applications (by producer ID and application ID) and one or more grantor applications. For example, as shown in FIG. 6b, a credential may include a single grantor producer ID 71, an expiration date 72 and permission data 78. The credential may then list several series of IDs 73a-73c, each series having a grantor application ID 74, a grantee producer ID 75 and a grantee application ID 76. Each of the series of information thus identifies one grantor application/carousel owned by the grantor producer and one application which is authorized to access the identified grantor application. The grantee application is, as described above, identified by a grantee producer ID 75 and a grantee application ID 76. The credential contains a signed producer certificate 77 for authentication purposes and the whole credential is signed 79 in the same manner as the previously described credential.
One embodiment employs wildcards to further reduce the potential number of credentials which must be maintained for a given carousel. The grantee's producer or application IDs or the grantor carousel's application ID may be replaced with wildcards. The wildcards are specific IDs which have been predefined as wildcards. For example, an ID having all zeros or all ones may be defined to be a wildcard. When a credential is presented to the system for verification, a wildcard is considered to identically match all IDs with which it is compared. In this embodiment, the grantor's producer ID cannot be a wildcard because the system must be able to verify that the grantor was actually the producer of the credential. If the grantor application ID is a wildcard, then the specified grantee can access all of the grantor producer's carousels. If the grantee application ID is a wildcard, any carousel of the specified grantee (producer) can access the specified grantor carousel(s). If both the grantee producer ID and the grantee application ID are wildcards, any carousel can access the specified grantor carousel. Wildcards can be used with either of the credentials described above (i.e. the single grantor, single grantee credential or the multiple grantor/grantee credential.)
While the embodiment described above utilizes credentials at the level of the carousel, it is contemplated that alternate embodiments may implement credentials or other security measures at the module level. Alternative security measures may include encrypting the modules, performing a hash function over the modules and including the hash value in the corresponding directory module or the like. Credentialing or other security in the directory module would typically be implemented after the insertion of, for example, the other modules' hash values in the directory module.
It is contemplated that encryption systems similar to those described above for accesses between carousels may also be employed for purposes of verifying the authenticity of carousels or modules received by a set-top box. A carousel (or more particularly its directory module) may contain a certificate encrypted with the private key of the producer. The set-top box, having a copy of the producer's public key, can verify that the carousel came from the producer by decrypting the certificate using the public key. The use of hash functions as described above may also be employed to ensure the authenticity of the non-directory modules.
Further, it is contemplated that the credential system described above can be extended to the execution of applications in environments other than interactive television. For example, the system may be implemented in a general purpose desktop computer to control the execution of applications thereon. Such alternative embodiments could operate in the same manner as it is described above, although the means for delivery of the applications and credentials to the system would be adapted to suit the particular environment, and the output of the applications might not be interactive or suitable for display on a television.
The details of the particular embodiments described above may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The embodiments described above are accordingly intended to be exemplary rather than limiting. It is contemplated that various modifications and alternative embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art of the invention.
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|Method and apparatus for interaction with hyperlinks in a television broadcast
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|Apr 2, 2013
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|System and method for construction, delivery and display of iTV content
|Jul 19, 2004
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|Tvworks, Llc
|Channel family surf control
|Mar 17, 2011
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|Tvworks, Llc
|System and method for construction, delivery and display of iTV applications that blend programming information of on-demand and broadcast service offerings
|Sep 25, 2003
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|System and method for controlling iTV application behaviors through the use of application profile filters
|Jun 12, 2003
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|Jun 16, 2011
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 14, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 14, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 14, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|May 31, 2016
|Aia trial proceeding filed before the patent and appeal board: inter partes review
Free format text: TRIAL NO: IPR2016-00971
Opponent name: APPLE INC.
Effective date: 20160428


text: Aiken Preparatory School will introduce a kindergarten program for 3-year-olds in fall 2009, head of school Deborah Taussig-Boehner has announced.For several years, parents and other families have requested programs for their younger children, she said."We have determined that the establishment of this program will further enhance the ability of our school to meet the needs of the Aiken community," Boehner said.Denise Housman, an Aiken Prep faculty member for the last 12 years, will direct the program and serve as the teacher. She previously established the school's summer camp program.The emphasis for the 3K class will be on appropriate stimulating development activities, Housman said."We recognize the fact these children are just beginning their educational journey," she said. "But they must be grounded in the skills that are the basis for their future success."The class will concentrate on foster social skills, such as taking turns, expressing feelings and problem-solving, Housman said. Opportunities will be provided for imaginative play, which is so important to children at age 3. She also will focus on academic skills to prepare children for the next step."We are particularly sensitive to respecting the developmental timelines unique to each child and making the 3K program one that each child looks forward to attending," Housman said.The 3K class will operate Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Parents may choose a two-day, three-day or five-day program. For more information, contact the Aiken Prep admissions office at 648-3223.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
ICT policy
APC member JCA-NET speaks out against Japanese digital surveillance bill
The proposed bill criminalises a number of online activities, granting Japanese authorities extremely broad powers to monitor and investigate their citizens. It also requires network providers to record and hold communications data on all users so it can be used by law enforcement agencies.
eG8 Forum sparks showdown between internet leaders and government regulators
The eG8 Forum came to a close yesterday as prominent web leaders met in Paris to discuss the future of the internet.
UN Special Rapporteur breaks new ground
Frank La Rue — the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression — is presenting his annual report at the Human Rights Council's 17th session in Geneva.
The report, available here, breaks ground in a number of important areas.
Internet Rights are Human Rights, says APC at Human Rights Council
APC calls on the Human Rights Council to treat freedom of expression online as a human rights issue.
APC event at the UN Human Rights Council: Watch the video
As part of APC's Connect your rights! Internet Rights are Human Rights campaign, APC is co-hosted a side-event at the Human Rights Council's seventeenth session in Geneva on 3 June.
BREAKING NEWS: Social networking sites face ban in Pakistan
A new ruling by the Lahore High Court may result in a total ban of social media in Pakistan reports APC. Critics condemn the ban as unnecessary, unjust and ultimately counterproductive.
Korean Progressive Network issues statement to the Human Rights Council
The Korean Progressive Network JINBONET, which has received special consultative status for the seventeenth session of the UN Human Rights Council, has issued a call for the council to examine the issue of human rights and ICTs in South Korea.
UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development Fourteenth session
The fourteenth session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) will be held in Geneva from 23 to 27 May 2011.
The Commission will address two of its priority themes within the framework of its multi-year work programme, namely:
1. Technologies to address challenges in areas such as agriculture and water
2. Measuring the impact of information and communications t
APC Internet Rights Charter - Download
APC network strategises to ensure open, fair and sustainable internet
Dramatic events recently such as the internet shutdowns in Arab states and the WikiLeaks clampdown are pressing reminders that an open and fair internet cannot be taken for granted. In March APC brought together 100 researchers, innovators and activists to strategise.


text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Proa Sailing The Proa
A selection of articles related to proa sailing the proa.
Original articles from our library related to the Proa Sailing The Proa. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Proa Sailing The Proa.
- The Aeonic Perspective of the Enochian Temples
- The initiatory system of the Enochian Temples divides the path of initiation into four major stages, distinguished primarily by the types and sources of the influences they are sensitive to. Briefly, these stages are: 1. Lunar-planetary, focused in Yesod and...
Magick >> Enochian
- Bringing it Down to Earth: A Fractal Approach
- 'Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.' B. Mandelbrot W e want to think about the future - it's our nature. Unlike other creatures, humans possess an...
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- Mother Of The Gods And The Father Of The Gael
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Deities & Heros >> Celtic, Welsh, Irish & Brittish
- Select Cross-Cultural and Historical Personifications of Death
- This extensive introduction includes some of the more well known, along with some lesser known Death "incarnations", and I use that term loosely, as in many cultures, the Angel of Death can be quite an adept shapeshifter. We have tried to cull...
Mystic Sciences >> Necromantic Studies
- The Celtic Vedic Connection, Part I
- Of all the great ancient cultures perhaps no two share more parallels than those of the Celtic and Vedic peoples. A deep rooted affinity runs between them, what is present in one is mirrored in the other. Myths, Gods, Goddesses, even fairy tales bear a...
Religions >> Druidism
Proa Sailing The Proa is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Proa Sailing The Proa books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- WWE NXT recap, reactions, video highlights (Mar. 9, 2016): Audacity of execution
- When a collection persons as varied as Mauro Ranallo, Hideo Itami, Adam Jones (Tool guitarist, not Bengals corner/R-Truth tag partner or Orioles outfielder, version), Larry Zbyszko, Sasha Banks & Michael PS Hayes are in attendance, you know it's a big ...
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- They made a sensible offer to Pro Bowl running back Chris Ivory only to be blown out of the water by the Jaguars' five-year, $32 million (with $10 million in guarantees) deal.
- The Organized Left and the Death of "Pragmatic" Politics
- The left-populist Bernie Sanders didn't conjure the hurricane but adjusted his sails to it. As the political storm ....
- Business Groups Fight Pregnancy Accommodations in Washington State
- After sailing through the Republican-led state senate last month with unanimous bipartisan support, SB 6149 has stalled amid legislative sausage making and new resistance from business groups.
- The Evolution of Adam Jones, the Cornerback Formerly Known as Pacman
- He's intercepted nine passes in his last three seasons and is coming off a year in which he was graded by Pro Football Focus as the 13th-best cornerback in football. Per PFF, Jones .... Cincinnati has by no means been a turbulent-free sail.
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Why should home care be the theme on Understanding and Remembrance Day for Severe ME on August 8? Helen Brownlie of the 25% ME Group has written an explanation for Phoenix Rising ...
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Article: Coalition4ME/CFS Puts Out Call For Action on DSM-5 Proposal
Discussion in 'Phoenix Rising Articles' started by Phoenix Rising Team, Jun 2, 2011.
Page 4 of 7
Page 4 of 7


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Well, the lease on my CX-7 is just about up, so I started the process of shopping for a new vehicle. I'm going to share my experiences here so maybe others can learn about things, but mostly just to outline my thinking… I realized I wanted a vehicle with better gas mileage than I was getting. The CX-7 varied from… Read more →
Month: April 2010
March – Onward?
March was one hell of a month for me. I can't recall the last time I worked that hard. I worked almost 16 days straight with a day off to start the month. Tons of projects came to completion. I became haggard, whiny, and angry. I snapped at people. But… what an ending to the month. The last 2 weeks… Read more →


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Hello there and welcome to the latest article in my WWE vs. TNA series, in which I review and analyse the output of both promotions every week and pick a winner.
While the WWE was in the final build before its Hell in a Cell pay-per-view, TNA had several titles on the line for Impact's Championship Thursday. Let's have a look how they got on.


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270 Delicious Recipes for Casual Everyday CookingWhat nine-to-fiver, busy mom or stay-at-home dad isn't looking for the Big Easy? Enter the next title in the best-selling Big Book series, a guaranteed hit for anyone whose duty it is to put a nutritious meal on the table as quickly as possible. With more than 270 recipes at the ready, cooking dinner will be a pleasure, any and every night of the week. Each chapter offers a full range of choices,
Great Recipes from the West CoastWith its practical emphasis on simple, delicious fare; fresh, healthful ingredients; and nearly 200 recipes with a West Coast flair, Pacific Fresh: Great Recipes from the West Coast is sure to become a favorite of home cooks. From such savory starters as Roasted Red Pepper Crostini to seafood classics, like Dungeness Crab Cakes, or tempting desserts, such as Baked Pears in Wine with Chocolate
Over 200 Delicious Recipes That Work Every TimeIt's a scene repeated every evening in thousands of homes across the country: the door slams, and a voice cries out, "What's for dinner?" Maybe it's your kids, maybe it's your wife, it could even be your friends. Now you'll never be stuck for an answer. From the author of Chronicle Books' popular Pacific Fresh comes this all-purpose, everyday cookbook for the busy cook who expects good results
Recipes for Everyone's FavoriteEveryone loves meatloaf. It's the ultimate in homey comfort food, easy to make and, with a fluffy mound of mashed potatoes and some gravy, about as close to heaven as a meal can get. Maryana Vollstedt, author of such comforting favorites as Big Book of Casseroles and Big Book of Easy Suppers, presents her favorite recipes, including a classic loaf using a mixture of ground beef and sausage; a
A Guild Hunter Novel (Book 8)NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED New York Times bestselling author Nalini Singh returns to her world of dark passion and immortal power—and to one of the most seductive and impenetrable heroes ever to stalk the Guild Hunter landscape… "Oh, Naasir. So weird, so bloodthirsty, so unique and wonderful…I have fallen for him…"—Fiction VixenNaasir is the most feral of the powerful group of vampires and angels
250 Recipes for Serious Comfort FoodBubbling cheese, golden bread crumbs, tender vegetables, and succulent meats - what's not to like about casseroles? Comfort food just doesn't get any cozier, or more convenient. Now, thanks to Maryana Vollstedt, busy cooks don't have to call up Mom in order to make delicious one-dish meals for family and friends. The Big Book of Casseroles boasts over 250 recipes (including low-fat and vegetarian
Good Food - and Lots of It - for Parties, Gatherings, and All OccasionsMaryana Vollstedt, queen of the best-selling Big Book series, has put the luck back in potluck with more than 250 delicious, no-nonsense recipes. From Chile Cheese Wheels and citrusy Sunburst Salad, to Moroccan Chicken with Dates and Couscous and luscious Hazelnut-Cappuccino Cake, these crowd-pleasing dishes are perfect for toting to family reunions, book clubs, showers, church suppers, picnics,
Over 300 Exciting Ways to Cook ChickenWhether it's roasted, fried, grilled, broiled, braised, sautéed, or baked, chicken is always delicious. Maryana Vollstedt has created a new addition to Chronicle's best-selling Big Book series with this glorious homage to everyone's favorite fowl. The tremendous variety of ideas ranges from creative recipes like Pomegranate-Molasses Chicken Drummettes and Chipotle Cheddar Chicken Corn Chowder to
The Big Book of Soups and Stews
262 Recipes for Serious Comfort FoodWhere the best-selling Big Book of Casseroles brought bubbling cheese and golden bread crumbs, The Big Book of Soups and Stews brings succulent meats, tender vegetables, and creamy, savory goodness with 262 comforting recipes for soups, chowders, and stews. From a hot and hearty stew for a cold night to a cool, refreshing Vichyssoise for a sizzling afternoon, there's a recipe here for every


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|By Pat Romanski
Article Rating:
|May 21, 2013 05:00 AM EDT
Cloud Expo New York $500 Savings here!
In the face of rapidly increasing amounts of unstructured data, industry is investing heavily to turn machines into services and connect them to analytics engines that will extract an extraordinary amount of value and unleash a productivity revolution for both businesses and consumers.
In the health care, transportation and energy sectors alone, the combination of machine diagnostics software and analytics will eliminate as much as $150 billion in waste.
In his session at the 12th International Cloud Expo, Paul Rogers, chief development officer for GE's Global Software Headquarters, will discuss how we can harness the interconnectivity of machines to increase efficiency of the energy market, and promote a cleaner world for the future.
Explore Cloud Expo Sponsorship & Exhibit Opportunities !
Speaker Bio:
Paul Rogers is chief development officer for GE's Global Software Headquarters. He is responsible for creating software and service applications across GE's business units. At GE, he has received the Energy Engineering "Product Quality" and GE Quality Leadership awards. He holds an MS in Chemical Engineering from San Jose State University
A Rock Star Faculty, Top Keynotes, Sessions, and Top Delegates!
Cloud Expo 2013 New York, June 10-13, at the Javits Center in New York City, New York, will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading Cloud industry players in the world.
The growth and success of Cloud Computing will be on display at the upcoming Cloud Expo conference and exhibition in New York City, New York, June 10-13, 2013.
The recent Cloud Expo at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, was the largest Cloud Computing conference ever produced with more sponsors, exhibitors and delegates than all other Cloud events of the year combined!
Cloud Expo New York will attract more than 10,000 delegates from 48 countries and over 200 sponsors and exhibitors!
All main layers of the Cloud ecosystem will be represented at the 12th International Cloud Expo - the infrastructure players, the platform providers, and those offering applications, and they'll all be here to speak, sponsor, exhibit and network.
"Cloud Expo was announced on February 24, 2007, the day the term 'cloud computing' was coined," said Fuat Kircaali, founder and chairman of SYS-CON Events, Inc. "Cloud has become synonymous with 'computing' and 'software' in two short years, and this event has become the new PC Expo, Comdex, and InternetWorld of our decade. By 2013, more than 50,000 delegates per year will be attending Cloud Expo."
Sponsorship Opportunities
for Cloud Expo 2013 New York
Cloud Expo 2013 New York "show prospectus" has shipped. Sponsorship, exhibit, and keynote opportunities can be obtained from Carmen Gonzalez by email at events (at) sys-con.com, or by phone 201 802-3021.
Early Bird Registration Options
for Cloud Expo 2013 New York
Cloud Expo delegates can pre-register for Cloud Expo New York with $500+ savings here.
About SYS-CON Media & Events
SYS-CON Media (www.sys-con.com) has since 1994 been connecting technology companies and customers through a comprehensive content stream at www.sys-con.com - featuring over forty focused subject areas, from Cloud Computing to Web Security - interwoven with market-leading full-scale conferences produced by SYS-CON Events. The company's internationally recognized brands include among others Cloud Expo (www.CloudComputingExpo.com), Big Data Expo (http://BigDataExpo.net), Virtualization Conference & Expo (www.VirtualizationConference.com), Government IT Conference & Expo (www.GovITExpo.com), Cloud Computing Bootcamp (www.CloudComputingBootcamp.com), and UlitzerLive! New Media Conference & Expo (http://events.sys-con.com).
Cloud Expo, Cloud Expo East, Cloud Expo West, Cloud Expo New York, Cloud Expo Silicon Valley, Cloud Expo Europe, Cloud Expo Tokyo, Cloud Expo Prague, Cloud Expo Hong Kong, Cloud Expo Sao Paolo are trademarks and /or registered trademarks (USPTO serial number 85009040) of Cloud Expo, Inc.
SYS-CON Events announced today that Sheng Liang to Keynote at SYS-CON's 19th Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1-3, 2016 at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, California.
Oct. 20, 2016 08:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,623
"Matrix is an ambitious open standard and implementation that's set up to break down the fragmentation problems that exist in IP messaging and VoIP communication," explained John Woolf, Technical Evangelist at Matrix, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held Nov 4–6, 2014, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
Oct. 20, 2016 08:00 PM EDT Reads: 8,871
@ThingsExpo has been named the Top 5 Most Influential Internet of Things Brand by Onalytica in the 'The Internet of Things Landscape 2015: Top 100 Individuals and Brands.' Onalytica analyzed Twitter conversations around the #IoT debate to uncover the most influential brands and individuals driving the conversation. Onalytica captured data from 56,224 users. The PageRank based methodology they use to extract influencers on a particular topic (tweets mentioning #InternetofThings or #IoT in this ...
Oct. 20, 2016 06:45 PM EDT Reads: 7,928
DevOps is being widely accepted (if not fully adopted) as essential in enterprise IT. But as Enterprise DevOps gains maturity, expands scope, and increases velocity, the need for data-driven decisions across teams becomes more acute. DevOps teams in any modern business must wrangle the 'digital exhaust' from the delivery toolchain, "pervasive" and "cognitive" computing, APIs and services, mobile devices and applications, the Internet of Things, and now even blockchain. In this power panel at @...
Oct. 20, 2016 06:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,775
November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Penta Security is a leading vendor for data security solutions, including its encryption solution, D'Amo. By using FPE technology, D'Amo allows for the implementation of encryption technology to sensitive data fields without modification to schema in the database environment. With businesses having their data become increasingly more complicated in their mission-critical applications (such as ERP, CRM, HRM), continued ...
Oct. 20, 2016 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 825
The IoT has the potential to create a renaissance of manufacturing in the US and elsewhere. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Florent Solt, CTO and chief architect of Netvibes, discussed how the expected exponential increase in the amount of data that will be processed, transported, stored, and accessed means there will be a huge demand for smart technologies to deliver it. Florent Solt is the CTO and chief architect of Netvibes. Prior to joining Netvibes in 2007, he co-founded Rift Technologi...
Oct. 20, 2016 05:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,773
SYS-CON Events announced today that Streamlyzer will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Streamlyzer is a powerful analytics for video streaming service that enables video streaming providers to monitor and analyze QoE (Quality-of-Experience) from end-user devices in real time.
Oct. 20, 2016 05:30 PM EDT Reads: 838
@ThingsExpo has been named the Top 5 Most Influential M2M Brand by Onalytica in the 'Machine to Machine: Top 100 Influencers and Brands.' Onalytica analyzed the online debate on M2M by looking at over 85,000 tweets to provide the most influential individuals and brands that drive the discussion. According to Onalytica the "analysis showed a very engaged community with a lot of interactive tweets. The M2M discussion seems to be more fragmented and driven by some of the major brands present in the...
Oct. 20, 2016 05:15 PM EDT Reads: 11,008
Established in 1998, Calsoft is a leading software product engineering Services Company specializing in Storage, Networking, Virtualization and Cloud business verticals. Calsoft provides End-to-End Product Development, Quality Assurance Sustenance, Solution Engineering and Professional Services expertise to assist customers in achieving their product development and business goals. The company's deep domain knowledge of Storage, Virtualization, Networking and Cloud verticals helps in delivering ...
Oct. 20, 2016 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 883
Explosive growth in connected devices. Enormous amounts of data for collection and analysis. Critical use of data for split-second decision making and actionable information. All three are factors in making the Internet of Things a reality. Yet, any one factor would have an IT organization pondering its infrastructure strategy. How should your organization enhance its IT framework to enable an Internet of Things implementation? In his session at @ThingsExpo, James Kirkland, Red Hat's Chief Arch...
Oct. 20, 2016 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 5,884
SYS-CON Media announced today that @WebRTCSummit Blog, the largest WebRTC resource in the world, has been launched. @WebRTCSummit Blog offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. @WebRTCSummit Blog can be bookmarked ▸ Here @WebRTCSummit conference site can be bookmarked ▸ Here
Oct. 20, 2016 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 9,563
Virgil consists of an open-source encryption library, which implements Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) (including RSA schema), a Key Management API, and a cloud-based Key Management Service (Virgil Keys). The Virgil Keys Service consists of a public key service and a private key escrow service.
Oct. 20, 2016 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 843
WebRTC defines no default signaling protocol, causing fragmentation between WebRTC silos. SIP and XMPP provide possibilities, but come with considerable complexity and are not designed for use in a web environment. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Matthew Hodgson, technical co-founder of the Matrix.org, discussed how Matrix is a new non-profit Open Source Project that defines both a new HTTP-based standard for VoIP & IM signaling and provides reference implementations.
Oct. 20, 2016 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 2,649
In his keynote at 19th Cloud Expo, Sheng Liang, co-founder and CEO of Rancher Labs, will discuss the technological advances and new business opportunities created by the rapid adoption of containers. With the success of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and various open source technologies used to build private clouds, cloud computing has become an essential component of IT strategy. However, users continue to face challenges in implementing clouds, as older technologies evolve and newer ones like Docke...
Oct. 20, 2016 01:45 PM EDT Reads: 2,152
You have great SaaS business app ideas. You want to turn your idea quickly into a functional and engaging proof of concept. You need to be able to modify it to meet customers' needs, and you need to deliver a complete and secure SaaS application. How could you achieve all the above and yet avoid unforeseen IT requirements that add unnecessary cost and complexity? You also want your app to be responsive in any device at any time. In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, Mark Allen, General Manager of...
Oct. 20, 2016 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 722
In his keynote at 18th Cloud Expo, Andrew Keys, Co-Founder of ConsenSys Enterprise, provided an overview of the evolution of the Internet and the Database and the future of their combination – the Blockchain. Andrew Keys is Co-Founder of ConsenSys Enterprise. He comes to ConsenSys Enterprise with capital markets, technology and entrepreneurial experience. Previously, he worked for UBS investment bank in equities analysis. Later, he was responsible for the creation and distribution of life sett...
Oct. 20, 2016 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 5,063
In the next five to ten years, millions, if not billions of things will become smarter. This smartness goes beyond connected things in our homes like the fridge, thermostat and fancy lighting, and into heavily regulated industries including aerospace, pharmaceutical/medical devices and energy. "Smartness" will embed itself within individual products that are part of our daily lives. We will engage with smart products - learning from them, informing them, and communicating with them. Smart produc...
Oct. 20, 2016 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,387
Just over a week ago I received a long and loud sustained applause for a presentation I delivered at this year's Cloud Expo in Santa Clara. I was extremely pleased with the turnout and had some very good conversations with many of the attendees. Over the next few days I had many more meaningful conversations and was not only happy with the results but also learned a few new things. Here is everything I learned in those three days distilled into three short points.
Oct. 20, 2016 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 6,743
SYS-CON Events announced today that Coalfire will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Coalfire is the trusted leader in cybersecurity risk management and compliance services. Coalfire integrates advisory and technical assessments and recommendations to the corporate directors, executives, boards, and IT organizations for global brands and organizations in the technology, cloud, health...
Oct. 20, 2016 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,432
SYS-CON Events announced today that MathFreeOn will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. MathFreeOn is Software as a Service (SaaS) used in Engineering and Math education. Write scripts and solve math problems online. MathFreeOn provides online courses for beginners or amateurs who have difficulties in writing scripts. In accordance with various mathematical topics, there are more tha...
Oct. 20, 2016 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 832


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The top destination for most PC gamers into mods is ModDB. If you dig the site, you may be interested to know they're now celebrating their 10th anniversary with a retrospective look at their accomplishments and history. In short, it's come a long way, and survived a lot (including three death threats). As they put it:
"Since [2002] we've survived all manner of doomsday scenarios such as the 2006 "PC gaming is dying" catastrophe, when "closed-off non-modding friendly consoles" were set to take over. We've survived the great DLC avalanche of 2010 when previously mod-strong games like Call of Duty and Diablo announced you'll have to buy updates from them. Despite this modding is as strong as it has ever been, with millions of modders continuing to share their creations on ModDB."
The site currently boasts over 17,000 mods (1/3 of which are publicly available to try out), one million members, and its most popular mod ever Garrys Mod 9.
If you're feeling celebratory, open to knowledge and/or mod-curious (I hear that's a thing now), read up with the 10 year summary, site history, and Hall of Fame.


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HTC America President Says One Android 4.3 Update Coming Next Week
Earlier this month HTC teased the masses with a tweet on the Android 4.3 update for their flagship HTC One. The tweet, posted on October 2nd offered up a mid-October date for T-Mobile and now HTC is ready to make good on that timeframe. A tweet late yesterday from HTC America President Jason Mackenzie stated the T-Mobile update should release "by mid next week." Of course Mackenzie prefaced that … [read full article]


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Jessica Simpson Gossip
Jessica Simpson gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Porny's 10 years
Jessica Simpson is all over New York right now. Yesterday there were multiple outfit changes. And a visit to The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon. The reason for her promo blitz? It's the 10th anniversary of the Jessica Simpson Collection and they're celebrating the brand at NYFW. A decade. Full Story
Porny goes to the gym
This month, Jessica Alba covers Allure and Gwyneth Paltrow is on the cover of Fast Company. The stories revolve around The Honest Co. and Goop – billion-dollar evaluations and contextual commerce and investment (both financial and personal) and of course, the idea of lifestyle, that they are both, in their own ways, experts. Full Story
Smutty Social Media, Wednesday July 15, 2015
Paul Morigi/ LP5/ Getty Images
More Twitter fighting: Adam Goldberg and the showrunner from the show The Goldbergs are in a tiff. I put your douchebaggery on par with mine. That's what was said. You should be flattered. The fusion is complete. https://t.co/3CCsGmgdM0 — Adam Goldberg (@TheAdamGoldberg) July 14, 2015 Full Story
Smutty Social Media July 2, 2015
It's not like Beyonce to be late. Never Too Late #LoveWins ❤ Full Story
Katy Perry & John Mayer after the MET
XactpiX/ 247PAPS.TV/ Splash News
Katy Perry changed wigs after the MET Gala on Monday night and hit up on the after-parties with designer Jeremy Scott…and then John Mayer was spotted arriving right behind her. So Diplo is not a thing. The thing is still Katy and John. Some people deserve each other, you know? And I mean that in the best way. Full Story
Porny's holiday gropes
Jessica Simpson updated Instagram a few hours ago with this shot of her being groped by her baby father Eric Johnson. She's wearing a headband with bunny ears. So that's how she spent Easter. And this is what happened on April Fool's Day: A photo posted by Jessica Simpson (@jessicasimpson) Full Story
Smutty Social Media, Thursday April 2, 2015
London Ent /Splash News
Justin Timberlake and his smug mug at Taco Bell. #TBT to that time the whole squad took over Taco Bell after the People's Choice Awards... #YoQuiero Full Story
Smutty Social Media Tuesday, March 24, 2015
Christopher Peterson/ AKM-GSI/ Splash News
Channing Tatum wearing a bowler hat and cuddling a puppy for Vanity Fair. Happy #NationalPuppyDay! Channing Tatum Day is next month. 📷 by @bruce_weber (who else?) Full Story
No, not like this
Mixing patterns? All over it. But there's an art to it. You can't just throw any sh-t together and expect to make it work. And there's also a certain aesthetic. Like, generally, if your style is more like titty tops and tightness, the pattern mixing gets easy busier. Because you're looking at too many things at once. Full Story
Smell like tits
Traci Melchor and I watched this commercial together just a few minutes ago. It's a new ad for Porny's fragrance. What does it smell like? Tits. That's pretty much the message. Smell like tits. Traci is a Jessica Simpson defender to the death. Full Story
Porny's weekend wedding
Jessica Simpson married Eric Johnson on Saturday. PEOPLE had the details first. And they've posted an exclusive sketch of her Carolina Herrera wedding dress with a tease to more wedding details in the next issue. Herrera even gave a statement to PEOPLE about the collaboration. Full Story


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Speed Bumps on the Road to Become a CPA
Joshua is a NINJA CPA blogger. Speed bump, learning opportunity, whatever you want to call it, a failing score is still just that: a fail. The Audit results are in and I'm no closer to my CPA than I was 4 weeks ago- before the test. This sucks. With another fail of Audit, I am making the decision to shelve the subject until I finish REG and BEC. I think giving myself a break from the material, as well as making it the final hurdle to certification will be better for me long term than banging my head against the same book for 6 months. It sucks failing the same thing more than once. It sucks even harder trying to explain to people why certain subjects are harder to master than others on this exam (See "Stupid Things Said by Friends and Family" on A71 to prep yourself accordingly). I
CPA Exam Score Release Updates: Q2 – Release 2
All signs are "go" for today's CPA Exam Score Release. By all signs are go, we mean that we have absolutely no idea if it will happen, but the Target Day – 1 Business Day formula has become reliable. When the Scores are released, the Another71 CPA Exam Forum has all of the updates as they happen. Update #1: FAR is releasing.Update #2: BEC is releasing.Update #3: REG is releasing.Update #4: AUD is releasing.Update #5: CA/IL and some Indie States releasing. Q2 Score Release Thread – NASBA States Q2 Score Release Thread – Indie States Score Release NTS Tracker "I Passed the CPA Exam" "I Passed FAR" "I Passed AUD" "I Passed REG" "I Passed BEC"
Happy 10th Birthday, Computerized CPA Exam
Happy Birthday, Computerized CPA Exam. Here's to 10 years of listening to the paper and pencil generation telling everyone how bad it used to be.
"FAR" from a Fun Memorial Day Weekend
Joe is a weekly NINJA CPA Blogger. Hey NINJAs, So as I sit here in a quiet room mulling over Governmental Fund Accounting, I realized how cruel the CPA Bosses can be making the last day of the testing window occur directly after the unofficial start of the summer! I have been keeping up with my 2 hours in the morning, 1 hour at lunch and 1 hour after work study approach, but the size and complexity of the FAR material has really overwhelmed me with only 5 days left until test day. I took the remaining 5 days off from work and will study as much as possible in hopes of feeling remotely comfortable with all of the material so that I dont freak out when my first question asks me the installment method. I will start using Wiley MCQs and take as many pop quizzes and simulated tests