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Product Description
Sturdy stainless steel casing, brass components throughout and an upgraded commercial-grade steam wand make the Rancilio Silvia Version M one of the most popular machines on the market. Simple, reliable and powerful, the Silvia espresso machine produces excellent espresso and silky microfoam milk for your lattes and cappuccinos. Add even more consistency to your Rancilio Silvia with the addition of a PID controller. Installed by our own Seattle Coffee Gear tech department before the machine goes out, these units enable you to control the temperature variance on this machine by as little as one degree.
The PID that is currently being installed on the Silvia w/ PID will display white numeric digits
Features & Functionality of the Rancilio Silvia Espresso Machine
- Steaming/Hot Water: Featuring a commercial grade chrome-plated steam wand, the Rancilio Silvia quickly delivers plenty of steam for milk frothing and hot boiling water for your Americano or a cup of tea.
- Brew Group: Inspired by Rancilio's professional espresso machines, this chrome-plated brass group ensures even heat and water distribution, resulting in highly consistent espresso extraction.
- Pressure Release System: The commercial-grade pressure relief system utilizes a 3-way solenoid valve which makes for easier cleanup — either by reducing splatter from an inadvertently removed portafilter or by reducing post-brew drip, effecting a dried out coffee ground "puck."
- 67 oz Water Tank: The water reservoir is removable, making for easy regular care. You can fill it while operating or by taking it out and filling it from the sink.
- 15 BAR Heavy Duty Pump: A powerful water pump will effectively force water through your coffee grounds and extract full flavor.
- 12 oz Brass Boiler and Three Thermostats: Brass evenly distributes heat, so this boiler will get up to temperature quickly and easily maintain it through multiple repetitive uses. The thermostats monitor the espresso, steam and boiler heat to ensure excellent espresso extraction without worrying about overheating.
- Stainless Steel Construction: Brushed stainless steel case, rust resistant steel frame, stainless steel bolts, screws, heating element and only the finest fittings and tubing give this machine a sleek, industrial and functional design.
- Plug n Play: Requiring no special plumbing or electrical outlets, you can easily plug the Silvia right in and it's ready to operate.
- Portafilter and Filter Baskets: The Silvia comes with a commercial-grade, heavy-duty chrome plated brass portafilter and two stainless steel filter baskets (one for single shot, one for double shot) which measure 58mm in diameter.
- Drip/Cup Tray and Warmer: The stainless steel drip pan and cup tray are easy to remove and clean. Plus, a warming surface on the top of the machine gives you a space to warm your cup before you pour your espresso, keeping it at the right temperature — an essential element of fine espresso.
|How Does it Compare?
The Rancilio Silvia M features a newly insulated boiler that helps to offer more efficient power consumption over its predecessor.
|Tips and Tricks
The Rancilio Silvia produces ideal shots, but it takes a little more work because of its specific grind requirement. Be prepared to dial in your grind every time you use a new bag of beans, and to use fresh beans for the best flavor.
Additional Information
|Model Number
|Ran-Silvia VM
|9.5 inches
|11.0 inches
|13.5 inches
|Case Material
|Stainless Steel
|Boiler Material
|Cup Clearance
|3.0 inches
|Boiler Volume
|12 oz
|Reservoir Size
|67 oz
|Solenoid Valve
|Cup Warmer
|Warm Up: Brew Time
|3 minutes and 27 seconds
|Boiler Design
|Single Boiler
|Water Sources
|Reservoir/Internal Tank
|Stainless Steel
Ask a Question
Why? to simply make use of the brass! Ask yourself why did they use brass, and why higher end machines use brass and top end use copper? why not Aluminum or stainless? Simply because brass retains heat more than other types of metal, and the best is copper (which most HX machines do use). which means when you pull a shot the temp of water running from boiler to grouphead to portafilter should remain consistent till it reaches the grounds and out of the portafilter. Temp stability is vital to ensure proper extraction, cause you might have water in the boiler at right temp but until it reaches the grounds, if not brass/copper temp might drop dramatically.
Wait time is to make sure all the parts are at the same temperature and so water will hit grounds and come out at the correct temp which will make your espresso taste far better.
45 minutes is alot , I know, but you have 2 work arounds.
First: Get a good electric DIGITAL timer. and set it 45 minutes prior your wake up time so when you wake up the machine is already up to temp
Second: You can cheat miss silvia, there is a very popular page for that, just google "CoffeeKid Cheating miss silvia"
I hope I've been informative.
thank you,
First I must state that this is my first espresso machine. Before I bought "Miss Silvia" I spent a fair amount of time researching the subject. I am extremely happy with my choice. The three drawbacks were the lack of a gauge or view port on the water tank, the small drip pan, and that it was somewhat difficult to judge when the water had reached the proper temperature for a perfect shot. I ignored the tank problem and got a small pan to put under my espresso cup. I ordered a PID from an engineer who sells kits on eBay at the same time as I ordered the machine. This small device is a little processing chip, control switches and an accurate thermometer. It keeps the temperature to within one degree of its setting. It displays the temperature as numbers on an LCD so one knows when to start the process. I installed the PID on the machine after first testing the machine one time, as the warranty might have been voided by the modification. (That first cup from the machine, with no PID, was great.) The PID installation was well described and documented with pictures and was easy to do.
As to a problem with oily beans, the Silvia machine itself works equally well with any roast. The Rancillo grinder, which I also use, does have a problem with very oily (dark roast) beans. Most espresso drinkers prefer the more caffeinated lighter roasts and I usually fall in this group. I sometimes use dark roasts and two or three times - out of many hundreds - I have had to empty the grinder and return the beans to fix the jam.
Both the machine and the PID have worked flawlessly for three years. I am very pleased with both and highly recommend the Silvia and the use of a PID.
The folks at Seattle Coffee asked to reply to your question since we have had a Rancilio Silvia for about four years. The machine has been incredibly reliable, and makes an honest espresso every single time. We are actually are a little slow on the timing of the decalcifications, and it still works great nevertheless.. We complement it with a Nespresso Aeroccino frother to make the hot steamed milk, so maybe that takes the stress off the boiler and thermostats (it also save lots of time). We have had neighbors in two states coming to our house for the best machiattos in town. If you read the reviews, the Silvia is one of the most solid machines you can buy. Hope a new one works for you too.
What am I doing wrong? Anyone run into the same issue?
I seem to recall having this problem early on with my Rancilio. I changed the grind to a finer setting and started tamping the grounds as I filled the portafilter. So I fill the portafilter halfway then tamp very firmly, fill some more and tamp again. Make sure you have grinds higher than the indented line around the interior of the portafilter basket. I don't know what type of bean grinder you have (I use a Baratza Preciso) but the grinder does make a difference as well. Hope this helps.
Sorry for the confusion!
In order to prime the Silvia after steaming, you would turn Off the steam switch, the bottom switch of the three on the left, and turn On the middle switch, the water switch which engages the pump. You will do this while simultaneously turning the steam knob into the "open" position. This allows you to deplete steam from the boiler, and refill the boiler with water from the tank. No, I am not intending to use the words "boiler" and "tank" interchangeably, and misspoke in my first note to you. Correct wording for that sentence would be "prime the machine after steaming to refill the boiler." Sorry!
Regarding a grinder, the reason you absolutely need your own grinder for either the Silvia or the Crossland CC1, is that both of these machines require a specific grind that is different for every machine and every bean. If you go to your local coffee shop or a grocery store and have them grind beans for you, unfortunately their setting will likely be different from yours, as there is not a universal espresso grind setting. It is also the case that beans age quickly, and grinding them will allow them to age even quicker, as there is that much more surface area exposed to the air. If you try to use preground coffee in these machines, you will not find good flavor or crema and be very disappointed with the results. I would also suggest watching the video on the Silvia page for an overview of the machine and what all the buttons do for more information. I hope this helps clarify further, but please give us a call if you have any other questions! 866-372-4734
FYI: I use organic 1% milk from Costco. It tastes so much richer and steams better than non organic from the grocery store.
The power switch (on the right) heats the water in the boiler to brewing temp. around 185.
On the left, the top switch operates the pump to the portafilter (pulling a shot)
The middle button activates the pump to the wand to pull hot water (for tea)
The third heats the water to above boiling 265-285 degrees. (steam)
Steam will come out if the water in the boiler is above boiling. Even after you turn the third switch off, the water in the boiler may be above boiling.
Try these things.
Starting cold. Turn on the power (right switch). Wait until the temp light turns off. (The square one). Turn on the top switch (pump to the portafilter), hot water should come out of the portafilter. If you do not turn on the third switch, you should not get steam. If you do, the unit is defective.
Starting hot. If you have had the third switch on, even if you turn it off, the water in the boiler is still superheated to above boiling. You can bleed off the steam by turning on the first switch (pump) until hot water comes out of the portafilter. Steam will come out first. If you leave it on long enough the temp light will go back on. Again, with the third switch off, If the water in the boiler gets superheated, and steam comes out, the unit is defective.
One more note. To use the wand to steam milk, you turn on the third switch, wait until the temp light goes out and turn the knob on the wand to get steam. For hot water out of the wand the third switch is off. the second switch will operate the pump to push hot water out of the wand.
Hope this helps.
You don't NEED the PID, but I have one and find it totally worth the investment. Just knowing when it's up to temp is great, but also being able to program shot times is super helpful for multitasking on busy mornings.
Also, you can get by without waiting 45 min. I usually wake up, turn it on, then hop in the shower. But, if I forget, I just turn it on, and within 5-10 minutes it's up to temp. What happens if you don't wait longer is that the water gets to temp, but all the internal components down to the brew head and basket don't get to temp. So, by the time the water gets to the coffee, it's slightly cooler. To help with that (and again, this is only when I'm in a rush), I just run hot water through the brew head/basket to heat it up. I then wait another minute to get the water back up to temp and am good to go. Running that water through will heat the components from the boiler to the basket.
Hope this helps.
Will be buying the Silvia M through your website. Great videos by the way!
My querstion - Using the Compak Elite, how fine of a grind do I want to have for the Silvia M machine. Is there a magic number on the Compak Elite setting? Also, how much coffee grind goes into the puck? How do I know it is 7 or 9 grams. I do not understand the dosser on the compak elite. In addition, I am purchasing the PID from mecoffee.nl for the Silvia. HAve you utilized it. I have alot more questions, but will stick with these for now.
If you purge the line of water and ask for steam right away, you may not get any, or it will be at very low pressure. I hope that helps.
i. Despite multiple brands of coffee, multiple grinds (using Gaggia MDF grinder), i constantly get weak coffee's when making a milk-based coffee such as a flat with or cappuccino etc; Crema is fine but they are weak
ii. I find the quantity of the filter basket small; i say this in light of using my Gaggia MDF grinder to distribute the coffee doser; there is little room for tolerance when attempting to fit the portafilter on to the machine - i would argue the point its just too small particularly the single filter.
So i will confess, i do NOT let the machine heat up for 30mins as some folks suggest; i know some folks will get pedantic on this BUT the machine shows its heated after 5 mins, as well as the fact the water temperature if fine. I also tend to pour coffee first then steam milk; i know this site as well as comments by others infer steaming should be done first but seriously what is the big difference here as it seems somewhat redundant approach. NOTE: I have tried leaving machine as well as heat milk first - it does little or no different to the end product; Its also worth noting i am able to pour a good crema on coffee's.. they are just weak. Last confession, i use a plastic tamper.
I have read on the www that i should avoid the single filter - can someone explain to me why as i don't understand the fact the Silvia doesn't support a single filter. I also have a real issue with the amount of coffee the filter holds re tolerance of over-filling tolerance (FYI: my grinder doser is around 6-8gms of coffee per serve (naturally double the size for a double)). Appreciate advice, brad
I bought a Silvia from SCG a few years ago, and I think I have a few answers -- or maybe just opinions -- that I hope will be of use to you.
First, the single filter. The idea of a "single" basket originates from the Italian tradition of drinking very, very small espresso shots, a constraint that came from the limits of very early hand-pumped machines. Those original shots used about 7gr of coffee. These days almost nobody -- even in Italy -- actually tries to pull a single shot, if asked to make a "cafe solo" an Italian barista will usually serve up half of a double, then give the other half to the next guy.
The standard for modern espresso is actually the double shot, something from around 14-20 grams of coffee. I recommend you take out the Silvia's single basket, put it in a draw, and never touch it again. It is a historical curiosity only.
I'd also suggest letting the machine heat up for much longer -- the issue isn't the boiler temperature, but the big mass of metal parts that the water and coffee pass through between the boiler and your cup. If all that metal is cold, the water will be way below optimal temperature by the time it hits the portafilter, and your shot will be thin and sour. I really recommend warming it up. You can get it down to 15-20 minutes if you run a shots of water through it every few minutes while it's heating.
If those two suggestions don't help you, reply again? The Silvia can be a bit fiddly and take a while to get used to -- I know my shots were all over the map for the first month or two.
It seems like (if one is not steaming milk) one could first raise the temp till the heating light goes out, then let it fall (to the correct brew temp, however much time that takes), then brew. Correct?
The key is to get the boiler to heat up under non-steam conditions and then brew the espresso within 30 secs of the light switching off - this is the optimum temperature.
A trick to getting the Rancilio Silva to reheat to optimum temperature quickly is to replace the hot water in the boiler with cold water from the tank. To do this, switch on the hot water switch, and then open the steam value to let out the hot water in the boiler. After a short while the boiler will be filled with cold water, thereby activating the boiler again, you can now switch off the steam valve and hot water button. Once the water has boiled and the boiler light has switched off, you have 30 seconds to brew the perfect shot of espresso.
Best of luck to you,
Hope this helps!
Your product description is indicating : "15 BAR Heavy Duty Pump: A powerful water pump will effectively force water through your coffee grounds and extract full flavor."
What is the part number of this heavy duty pump ? From several researches on internet, It seems that there are more than one pump model, a low quality one with a plastic piston (often causing leaking problems), one of a higher quality that thas a brass piston, and there may be others. I would appreciate to know which model of the pump corresponds to the 15 BAR Heavy Duty Pump. Thank you for your help.
what are the specific upgrades compare to this machine and is it available?
However, it is still very important to make sure that you refill your boiler after every time that you steam, and is especially important to prime your machine as soon as you turn it on when you first receive it after initial purchase.
While the PID offers stable temperature and programing for shot length and pre infusion, it does not offer a quicker heat up time, faster recovery after steaming, or an automatic timer to turn on the machine in the morning. Hope this info helps!
I recently bought this machine with the PID installed, and I was very excited for the upgrade! I used to have a De'Longhi beginner machine...
Anyway, I kept reading how the Silvia needed a finer grind, and I have a Baratza Virtuoso. I have tried all settings from 4 up through 12. 10, 11 and 12 will produce a complete double (Most of the time), but under 10, the shot won't pull at all... I get less than half an ounce with an 8, and anything lower it won't do... I feel that I am tamping correctly, and if anything may be tamping a little light...
Is this a problem I can address? Could it have to do with the PID? any help would be greatly appreciated--
Hope this helps!
Any thoughts or ideas?
Just baught the silvia and rockey. I have no problem pulling the double shots, filling the basket to the top and then taking off excess coffee and distributing it with my finger. When i do this with the single basket i cant lock the portafiller. Ive understood that its because when i tamp with the single basket the coffee doesnt go down as much because of the way the basket is made, so there isnt enough room for the portafiller to lock. Is there a way of eye balling the appropriate dosing of coffee for the single basket or do i absolutely need a scale.?Thanks
My question is the Breville Smart Grinder capable of providing the correct grind to work with my Rancilio? I am using Lavazza Super Crema beans. Is this grinder capable a grinding fine enough to work with Ms. Silvia?
Hope this helps!
I am sorry you're noticing such inconsistency from your Silvia! It is the case that the PID will eliminate the inconsistencies of temperature from your drinks and make brewing a bit more automatic, eliminating the need for temperature surfing. However drastic inconsistencies sometimes have to do with grinder and/or bean freshness and not machine. What kind of grinder do you have? It is the case that the Silvia requires a fine grind with consistently sized particles, and so the Baratza grinders or something like the Rancilio Rocky is needed for best results. If you already have a great grinder though and temperature is your issue, then the Auber PID is the PID we install and recommend for the Silvia. It can be found at the link below:
Hope this helps!
II assume the higher the number the greater the pressure?
18-bar is better?
Check out the Baratza and Rocky grinders for options!
Namely, what size cup can fit in the unit to receive the shot?
I saw somewhere on one of the many videos that I needed to do ?what? to prevent boiler burn out? I am thinking of this machine but want to clarify this issue first, and I can't find when I saw that information.
Also a friend has this machine and he said it would be great if there was a more detailed user manual, like wait for the light to go out, purge steam wand etc. Is such an item available?
Warranty Information for the Rancilio Silvia Espresso Machine
|What it Covers:
Rancilio espresso machines and grinders
- Home Use: 1 year parts and labor (Silvia and Rocky)
- Commercial Equipment: 1 year parts, 3 months labor
|Who Supports the Warranty:
|Seattle Coffee Gear
|Warranty Contact Information:
|866-372-4734 or email us at email@example.com
The Silvia and Rocky are eligible for SCG's standard warranty support and service. Learn more about what's covered.
All other espresso machines and grinders are covered by a limited, commercial-class warranty. For more information on service and support, please discuss with your commercial sales rep.
|Eligible for SCG Extended Warranty?
|Yes (Silvia only).
|Can SCG Repair?
|Yes. Read more about our out-of-warranty repair services.
Caring for the Rancilio Silvia Espresso Machine
- Clean the brew gasket daily with a cleaning brush.
- Soap out water tank (if applicable) and drip tray every few days.
- Optional: Perform backflush routine and clean the filter basket each week.
User Manuals for your Rancilio Silvia Espresso Machine
Rancilio Silvia Version 3 Espresso Machine User Manual
Articles Featuring the Rancilio Silvia Espresso machine
New Seattle Coffee Gear Parts Kits for Rancilio Silvia
Compare: Rancilio Silvia vs Crossland CC1
Coffee 101: How to Steam & Brew on the Rancilio Silvia
Videos Featuring the Rancilio Silvia Espresso Machine
Maintenance on the Rancilio Silvia
Compare: Breville Barista Express vs Rancilio Silvia Espresso Machine
Compare Breville Dual Boiler vs Rancilio Silvia
Compare Nuova Simonelli Oscar vs Rancilio Silvia
Why Does my Silvia have Two Water Tubes?
Crew Review: Rancilio Silvia with PID
Crew Review: Rancilio Silvia Bottomless Portafilter
Ask the Experts: Rancilio Silvia Steam Wand Retrofit
Rancilio Silvia vs Ascaso Dream Up
Breville Infuser vs. Rancilio Silvia
Rancilio Silvia vs Crossland CC1
Rancilio Silvia with PID - Shot Temperature in Cup
- Owned for 6 years - no problemsReview by Roger
Price Quality Value
I clean it, descale and back flush once a year.
All original parts still including rubber gasket (still soft and flexible)
There is nothing like a great Moca every morning. (Posted on 6/27/2016)
- quality machine, excellent espressoReview by patrick
Price Quality Value
(Posted on 6/12/2016)
- Great First MachineReview by Miss Stefanie
Price Quality Value
It took about a month for me to be pulling consistent shots. I have owned the Silvia since August 2015 and its my baby. I clean it after every shot, backflush once a week, and I've already done a Descale and gasket change (it did not need the gasket change I just wanted to make sure I was up to the task).
I don't think she is truly as picky as people believe. I can switch up my Bean type and I don't have to dial-in often. My grinder is not the best of the best: its a Breville smart grinder that's about 3 years old. I've kept it within one or two clicks and almost never have to adjust (I do stick with the same beans because I found what I enjoy). I consider myself a master home barista, but other than that I am not a professional. The commercial machine at my restaurant is of poorer quality than Miss Silvia. I have had no difficulty and I am very pleased.
I hope she lasts! So far, zero issues. Absolutely zero. I have produced some fantastic latte art as well, something others have said would be impossible. Honestly I like the ancient commercial machine's steam wand at work better, but she gets the job done. I've made better lattes and caps for friends and family unfortunately better than at our local coffee shops.
My best pro tip to keep drinks hot while waiting for the boiler to heat: pull your shot first into a PRE-WARMED CUP, place the cup on the cup warmer with a saucer on top and let it sit there until the boiler heats up for milk steaming. For awhile the wait caused me to have some barely warm beverages. Now everything stays at a perfect temperature. I love the Silvia and thank you SCG!! (Posted on 1/5/2016)
- LongevityReview by RagRabbit
Price Quality Value
In my hands, it's been a very durable performer, akin to a BMW 3 series - an "entry level" performance machine that keeps performing years later.
There is a learning curve for grind, pulling shots, steaming...all true. Once you master these, any fault in brewing is usually your own.
Definitely need a grinder (got the Rocky before a major step up in price came a few yeas ago) as Peets et al cannot cannot consistently give you that grind you want.
Let's see....$4/day at $tarbucks x 5 working days a week x 50 work weeks/year x 13 years = $13,000. In reality, I brew 20+ caps or lattes at home each week. Damn, my Radio Shack solar powered calculator from the 1990's just failed! (Posted on 7/11/2015)
- great machineReview by ghalms
Price Quality Value
- the thing broke twiceReview by jkahd
Price Quality Value
- Still great after four yearsReview by Brent
Price Quality Value
It didn't take long for me to learn how to use it, and now it's an easy routine in the morning. This is my first real espresso machine, and I'm very glad I bought it. For milk drinks it is a bit cumbersome to brew the espresso, then wait for it to heat up to steam the milk. If I were really into the milk drinks I'd consider saving up for a double boiler unit.
A good grinder is an absolute necessity, IMO. Also, I keep on top of maintenance/cleaning, which for me consists of: (1) after each use rinse portafilter and drip tray/screen after each use and use brush to clean off the screen and head; (2) every 2-3 weeks unscrew the screen, remove all those parts that come out, do a backflush with Capresso cleaner, then clean all those parts and the portafilter (I put it all in a sauce pan of water with Capresso on the stove and heat to near boiling); and (3) every three or four months do the descaling routine with Dezcal. Helpful videos for these tasks are on this site and youtube.
All in all, I give the Sivia a big thumbs up!
(Posted on 2/1/2015)
- A Great Machine To Begin Your JourneyReview by Gabe
Price Quality Value
I'll finish this review with the highs as I like ending on a good point. The lows... Well this thing is kinda ugly... It's built with brushed steel, plastic rocker switches, and a plastic knob that fell off after months of use. The Rancilio badge also became unglued from the knob itself after about a year. Fortunately, you can just stick it right back on the valve and be careful not to pull it... but honestly, I never abused the machine so I don't see why this should have happened. The drip tray is pathetic. Its small and dainty and quickly fills if you don't empty it often. Finally, the machine is finicky. This can be both good AND bad. Good in that it trains you in the art of espresso making. Bad in that you will not be getting decent shots EVERY time. You really gotta watch your grind and adjust it as the beans age or you get a different kinda bean. Your tamp has got to be spot on, and you need to familiarize yourself with temperature surfing as the machine will cut the heating element at a temp too high to brew, requiring that you wait about 20-30sec to get it too cool enough to pull a good shot. You really do learn much about coffee with this machine, but pulling greats shots can be hit or miss with Miss Sylvia (keep in mind that in the end it's not the machines fault if you pull bad shots... its yours :P). Another con is that this is a single boiler machine which means you will have to wait for the boiler to hit the appropriate temps for brewing and steaming and this takes time... I do not recommend this machine if you plan on making lattes for your family often as it is annoying and time consuming to make more then 1.
Now the pros...and this is a BIG pro. If you do everything right... you will be rewarded with a shot on par with your local cafe. I went bottom-less with my Rancilio and I was pretty happy with my pulls. I would occasionally mess up, but I would say that 90% of my pulls were good after a month of using this machine. Another BIG pro is that the steaming function on this machine is top notch. The boiler is large and retains heat well and you will never find yourself running out of steam for 1 drink. It's powerful enough to create dry cappuccinos yet tamed enough to give you just enough time to texture for a latte. I have made all sorts of beautiful latte art with this machine from swans, to rosettas, to tulips, and hearts. It's very easy to steam with this machine and this feature alone is probably what makes the Sylvia stand out over a a cheaper single boiler machine like the Saeco Aroma. Sure you can get similar pulls of espresso... but that's only half the game when it comes making milk/espresso beverages and the Rancilio gives you the tools to create EVERY milk/espresso drink a cafe has to offer. Another pro is that the parts that count (e.g. boiler, steam wand, pump, valves, etc) are VERY durable. Daily, for 4 years, I have put this machine through the paces and it never waned. That's why I said that if you pull bad shots it will be your fault... because this machine IS predictable. It will always perform the exact same every time with proper maintenance.
In the end, the Rancilio is the kinda machine that can teach you how to be a proper barista. That's no joke either, as my friend happens to be a barista in a great cafe and I have been allowed to make drinks with this cafes equipment... and honestly, there was not much of a difference once you familiarized yourself with the way commercial grade machines work. There is a reason why, despite its quirks, the Rancilio Sylvia is a well known machine for use in a home. (Posted on 11/22/2014)
- Feels like quality, produces great shotsReview by A. Da Costa
Price Quality Value
I got the version with the PID, which in my opinion is a MUST-have if you're already spending this king of money anyways. You don't want to be temperature-surfing and potentially ruining your shot after purchasing a machine for this price. Better off just spending a little more to get it right all the time.
A couple of negatives about the PID though:
1- It comes with instructions on how to change it to Celsius, which I did. The problem is that the temperature thresholds (brew and steam set points) do not convert units automatically. This is a great design flaw in my opinion. You could actually burn your heating element if you don't notice it right away. The default set point for brew is 221, which is fine for Fahrenheit, but once you change the units to Celsius, it'll try and heat your boiler to 221 C, which is 430 F!!! You also need to change the steam temperatures (two settings, on/off). The instructions don't mention anything about this.
2- It comes with the option to set a pre-infusion time. Do not use pre-infusion or it'll produce a worse shot. I checked out the electrical diagram on Auber's website and now I understand what the problem is. The way the relay used to control the pump is hooked up is such that the 3-way solenoid valve is also switched to absorb over-pressure from the brew head once the pump stops. In other words, after a few seconds of pre-infusion, the pump will stop for the delay before the full shot and all the delicious crema that's starting to form in your portafilter will be sucked out to your drip tray!!! Design flaw! They should have used a separate relay for the solenoid valve so that it only sucks the moisture out of your portafilter when you finish pulling the shot, and not during your wait-time post pre-infusion. (Posted on 11/16/2014)
- Now I get it! Review by Joey
Price Quality Value
About 6 months ago I began eyeing either the Rancilio Silvia based upon its outstanding reviews or the Rocket Cellini. I couldn't justify purchasing the Rocket when there was nothing wrong with my FrancisFrancis.
I've always watched the SCG videos on youtube, and have been impressed with the wealth of knowledge Gail and Kat have. Last week I began watching all the videos with Miss Silvia in them, and I could not hold out any longer... I placed my order!
So today the machine arrived. My first impression was, in person it appears much, much more solid and well built than I had expected. Setup was a breeze ( I didn't even read the directions shame on me). Priming the boiler was quick / easy, and honestly the machine heated up much quicker than I had expected. Off to the Breville grinder it was then, to experiment with exactly what Miss Silvia is fond of. At first, I went as fine as possible--thinking that is what seemed to be the case for others. Result, too fine--so I began to dial down, and down again... finally just right!
Now I have not lived with Sylvia very long, so please this list of pros and cons with a grain of salt, but these are my observations so far.
-Very well built, much more pretty in person
-A true quality shot
-Much stronger steam than expected
-Simple instructions (I read them after)
-I'll say it again... very well made
-A little too loud and considerable vibration
-I would have liked to see a nicer more solid tamper and accessories. Very surprised that with just a quality built machine, the tamper is cheap plastic that almost seems to be the wrong size for the portafilter.
-They should include a cleaning brush.
Overall, I am EXTREMELY satisfied... but even more impressed and satisfied with the incredible customer service and support SCG always offers. (Posted on 9/4/2014)
- Practice makes PerfectReview by Shauna
Price Quality Value
The Silvia with PID is taking practice! In fact I am seriously considering a weekend trip to Seattle to visit Gail and get some lessons on frothing. I finally got my grind dialed in perfect for my favorite espresso beans and am now working on frothing perfect microfoam. Then I will work on my latte art! The foam has been surprisingly difficult to perfect. But I will NOT give up. :)
I was somewhat afraid of doing something wrong and blowing up the machine, so I watched many videos before it arrived and since to learn as much as I can. Now that I have the basics down, it's just practice practice practice. I did break down and purchase the base as my cardboard box isn't doing it justice and there are no off brand options that seem to fit. That should arrive soon and then I think I am set for success.
Also thankful for the help from SCG when I called. Very friendly and helpful. Very happy!! (Posted on 8/28/2014)
- Excellent Machine with few quirksReview by Real_user
Price Quality Value
Pros - Decent size boiler which can steam well for micro foam. Brew head and portafilter are solid. 2 Year warranty + 1 yr. extended by SCG -total 3 years warranty. Great customer service by SCG. Very impressed. Pump is standard 41W standard on many machines, nothing special there. Heats up quickly and takes me 10 min. to make 2 lattes. Three way solenoid and back flush are very nice.
Cons - Steam wand does not have ample clearance so if the 20 ox pitcher is more that half full, it creates issues when removing the pitcher from wand. Wand also gets very hot and is not easy to clean as milk dries up on it. Drip tray is small and fills up quickly. Water tank can be bigger.
Overall a solid machine. May seem expensive but you get what you pay for. Pair it with a good grinder like Rocky, Vario and enjoy drinks which are way better than Charbucks.
(Posted on 7/28/2014)
- Great Machine, Love the PIDReview by lechien
Price Quality Value
This thing is great. I can make great coffee and with the PID there is no messing with the time to run etc. Very happy with this purchase. I did not purchase a fancy grinder yet (xmas or birthday it'll make the list) but with the grinder we have I'm able to get a pretty good grind so I'll stick with this for a while. (Posted on 7/27/2014)
- Great Machine if you demand a great EspressoReview by DaveG
Price Quality Value
- Not automaticReview by Philip
Price Quality Value
- Wonderful Machine with a commercial flare!Review by string0716
Price Quality Value
I was watching the video tonight and learned that my technique of going from steaming to drawing a shot was totlally incorrect. That explains why my draw sometimes would be a steam bath! Now I know to run water through the steamer once I am finished with steaming my milk, so to bring the temperature down. Thanks for the great vdeo and the lesson! Eight years later and I am still learning abouth my machine...it is great! (Posted on 7/12/2014)
- Don't do it!Review by tim
Price Quality Value
- Not for the faint of heartReview by Espresso twice a day
Price Quality Value
(Posted on 5/1/2014)
- Here Comes the BrideReview by BeauG
Price Quality Value
I feel that ease of use is a relative term with this machine, in that she is perfect for those of us that are coffee geeks, which I guess I am, and just as suitable for individuals that simply want a good cup of coffee.
For those on the geek side the Silvia can meet the challenge, however a good grinder is a must to be able to dial in the perfect shot. I paired mine up with the Baratza Forte AP, which I find to be an incredible machine. This is also true if you drink many varieties and roasts of coffee, as each requires adjustment for the perfect shot - not too sour or bitter. If you drink your coffee with cream this becomes less of an issue, because it seems to mitigate the off flavors quite well.
For those only looking for a good cup it can still work well, however it is more of a precision machine and will require a little more precision on your part. The upside to this is it will provide well for you in the event that you get pulled deeper and deeper into that which is geekdom!
I don't often use a steam wand, but find it works great for those occasions that I do. Switching between steam and brew adds steps that wouldn't be required of a double boiler system, but is very manageable once you work out the routine.
As for the PID controller, this is not just for those of us that have that bit of scientist in us. I discovered years ago that brew temperature has an enormous effect on coffee flavor, whether espresso, drip, etc. and has been the missing element on all types of coffee brewing equipment. My hat is off to the person that married the PID to an espresso machine, because it finally puts you in control. Brewing the same coffee at varying temperatures brings out different flavors, all of which can be good.
For those who don't care to go this deep, I've found that a particular temperature can greatly diminish both sour and bitter when a shot is extracted either to rapidly or slowly. This is a great asset if you have a less exact grinder and you drink your coffee black. So, you might do well to consider it.
Overall I am extremely happy with the Rancilio Silvia and look forward to a long and happy marriage! (Posted on 4/27/2014)
- Great Machine but not for the lazyReview by Gavril
Price Quality Value
if you want to master brewing world class espresso at home and you are not afraid of learning and training then this is a great machine.
I brew fantastic, consistent shots with this machine everyday! but if I don't pay attention it does not come out like it should.
you see a lot of reviews saying "inconsistent finicky results" this comes from OPERATOR ERROR. this is a machine and "garbage in=garbage out"
You will need this for great coffee
-a real burr grinder (the Rocky Rancilio is great choice)
- Water filter like a Brita
- a real tamper (the supplied one is crap)
- Serious whole bean espresso roast ( is use Urth dark Italia) and I never buy more than a few weeks supply at a time
-other things like tamping box, shot glasses etc
I bought my machine from Seattle coffee gear and got the optional PID to control temp, I recommend that (plus they have free shipping)
The secret to great coffee is a balance between grind, tamp, temp and time....this you can begin your training by watching all the videos you can from Seattle coffee gear and others......and then you brew, and brew and brew.
Within a week I was able to get good results most of the time, a month later I was better.
Now I am the master
most of my friends agree that they have a hard time finding better coffee in a restaurant or cafe
you can do this (Posted on 4/4/2014)
- LOOKS GOOD, FEELS SUBSTANTIAL, FEELS LIKE QUALITYReview by Mikey
Price Quality Value
- Quirky instructions, very good espressoReview by Big Al
Price Quality Value
- BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCKReview by David
Price Quality Value
- Great Espresso MachineReview by Diver
Price Quality Value
- Good build OK espressoReview by Gero
Price Quality Value
I suspect it will last for years and years but if I had it to do again I'm not sure this would be the machine I would buy.
Additionally, if you look around for better pricing you won't find much of a discount. Rancilio, though not officially "price fixing" has made it known that retailers who violate their retailing policies will suddenly find a shortage of supply, if you know what I mean. Don't know if that is standard or not in the industry. Once in awhile you'll see discounts, but then everyone discounts roughly the same amount thru various means. Just my opinion. (Posted on 1/30/2014)
- Excellent semi automatic machinesReview by danc
Price Quality Value
- Great espresso, but too easy to destroy the machineReview by Geoff Olynyk
Price Quality Value
Much has been written here about the ease of use of this machine and its ability to turn out a great shot of espresso, day after day. I don't have much to add here: for people like my spouse and me, who were used to a low-end espresso machine, this one is fantastic. It takes some time and practice to get the grind and tamping pressure correct for a particular type of beans, but once you figure it out, you can just do reliable shots day after day. No complaints about the steam, either: it froths milk like a champion. I have the standard steam wand, not the after-market one with more holes -- was worried about the additional steam and increased chances of burning out the boiler. (More on this in a bit.) Also, we mostly drink just straight espresso, not frothed-milk drinks. Anyway, the point I'm making here is that this is a great machine, especially with the PID installed, and will serve you very well at making great espresso.
Now, for why I'm not super thrilled with the machine. It is far, far too easy to burn out the boiler. As I said, we bought the machine in late May 2013, and started using it in late June. In late August, we moved from Boston to Toronto. Packed up the machine very carefully in its original packaging, and put it in the back of our moving truck where it had no chance to fall anywhere. Unpacked it in Toronto, set it up, and it ran fine for a week, but then one day, all of a sudden, no heat. It turned on, but the temperature reading on the PID always just said room temperature.
So at this point, the options were to call Seattle Coffee Gear and try to get warranty work done on it, but that would mean shipping it across the border. Also, I was worried that we had damaged the unit in our move. So instead of getting it dealt with, we just drank drip coffee for four months, and then finally took it into the repair shop at Green Beanery on King St in Toronto. There, service tech Demeter quickly determined that the boiler was burned out. As he explained it: "There were a batch of these Silvia machines in early 2013 with bad boilers. I've had a half-dozen of them in in the last few months." $300 (CAD) later for parts+labour, we had a new boiler and were on our way.
As I said, I probably could have tried to have warranty work done on it with Seattle Coffee Gear, but it just wasn't worth the hassle (you have to fill the boiler with alcohol to ship it in the winter in Canada!) vs. having it repaired on-site right there. Anyway, the point of this isn't to talk about Seattle Coffee Gear's warranty service -- their service during the sales process was fantastic, so I have no complaints about the retailer. The point of this is to ask: What kind of consumer product is that easy to destroy through slight misuse? I mean, it's not like these boilers burn out if you leave it on for an entire day with no water in it. They burn out if you let the water level drop below the resistive coils for a matter of minutes.
There is a safety shut-off on the boiler (thermocouple with circuit breaker), but as Demeter at Green Beanery explained, it reacts too slowly to actually protect the boiler. If you let the water level drop below the level of the internal resistive coils in the boiler, it will likely burn out. So essentially, there is no protective shutdown on this machine, and this is why you see all these warnings everywhere about always making sure there is water in the boiler, not running the steam for more than 4 minutes at a time, etc.
So my conclusion is that this is a great machine, with a huge engineering flaw. In practice, this means you have to baby it, not let your guests use it when staying with you, etc. If that's okay with you, it does produce a great shot of espresso. (Posted on 1/12/2014)
- Excellent machine!Review by e-drinker
Price Quality Value
We got the machine with the PID and I think that's the way to go for consistency. I wouldn't have much patience with temperature surfing every time I want a perfect espresso and with the PID I can pull a perfect shot every time no questions about temps. Also, the settings that Seattle Coffee Gear provides on their installed PIDs make for a ready-to-go machine without any adjustments.
Love that the machine is compact, sturdy as a tank and surprisingly quiet.
I was a former everyday independent coffee house patron who now has the options for excellent cappuccinos at home.
(Posted on 1/4/2014)
- Great Espresso MachineReview by BlazinBob
Price Quality Value
- I LOVE MY SILVIAReview by giftogab
Price Quality Value
- You cannot go Wrong with ThisReview by Dave
Price Quality Value
Super Automatics:
- only last 5-6 years, lucky if you get more out of them without replacing major parts or total machine malfunction
- the quality of espresso cannot compare to a semi automatic. If you think your super automatic is making good espresso, it's only because you have not tried a semi-automatic yet as was my case as well :) So your next machine better be a semi automatic, just trust me on this one
- made of all plastic parts, break down easily
- limited in how much you can tweak the grind, and you have no way to tweak the frothing in terms of power, etc.
- steaming intensity blows, it's so weak
- made of all high-grade commercial parts inside and out
- barely any plastic
- lasts 12-15 years
- froth steaming is so powerful, steam literally goes all over around my machine, it's great. It's that powerful
- far more flexibility to tweak to get the best coffee and froth possible. You're able to change steaming tips for different results. Again frothing is much more powerful and controllable. Semi-automatics require a GOOD burr grinder. The type of burr grinder you have to buy for a semi-automatic stems from around $300-500 and the flexibility in the fine tuning of how fine the grind will be is up to you and way surpasses the 2-4 levels you get in a super automatic. You get over 200-300 levels of grind fineness in a good grinder that you must get with a semi-automatic so this helps your espresso quality two fold. You just cannot compare the flexibility to a super automatic, a super automatic is a joke
- easier to maintain. Super autoatics have that stupid brew group that you have to keep taking out and rinsing. The semi automatics are way easier to maintain and descale, much simpler parts to deal with, less complex
- 2-3x cheaper than a super automatic
- and finally the grade of espress you get cannot compare. Semi-automatics kick super automatic's ass when it comes to how your espresso tastes. Since buying the Silvia, I have literally not gone to any coffee shop unless I was just out and about and wasn't gonna be home for a long time, but that's about the only times. When I had a super automatic I found myself still going out to coffee shops. The Silvia literally rivals any coffee shop I have been to and this includes shops like Intelligensia in downtown Chicago, Lavanzza's shops, and other locally owned shops that have some of the best espresso in chicago.


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Luxury resorts, the world's largest extinct volcano and whale-watching make Maui holidays a favourite.
The second largest of the Hawaiian islands, Maui is also the second most popular with tourists and a favourite honeymoon haunt - and it's easy to see why. Known as the 'Magic Island', there's a bewitching aura of romance and glamour that delights all visitors on holidays to Maui.
Famous for its spectacular sunsets and sunrises, Maui is skirted by 33 miles of beautiful beaches with Haleakala, the world's largest extinct volcano, as a backdrop. Seeing dawn break from the crater summit is a holiday highlight, or take a helicopter tour and soar to 10,000ft for unforgettable views.
Along the slopes of Haleakala - meaning the House of the Sun - you discover everything from tropical rainforest to desert, and the island's geographic diversity means there is a surprise around every corner.
Mountains melt into central plains, strange lava formations change into rolling meadows and the coast jumps from dramatic sea cliffs to gently sloping sandy coves.
Several sites in the historic whaling town of Lahaina have been restored, including the Old Prison and Seaman's Hospital, but it retains a timeless charm despite its dozens of shops and restaurants and thriving nightlife. The islands main towns of Wailuku and Kahului also offer plenty of choice for shopping on your holidays to Maui and after dark fun too.
The holiday infrastructure is well developed in Maui. The luxurious resorts of Wailea and Makena are in the south while the popular Ka'anapali and Kapalua resorts are in the west, all boasting activities galore. Conditions are perfect for windsurfing (try Ho'okipa beach), snorkelling, surfing or just plain swimming. As most of the island is an untouched wilderness, there is also great hiking, biking or riding through tropical jungles, lava deserts, bamboo forests and picturesque mountain ranges. If you wanted to play some golf on your holidays to Maui there are more than 10 championship courses along the famed 'Golf Coast'.
One of the best ways to see Maui is by car - the winding road along the coast to Hana, past waterfalls and forested mountains, is famous for its breathtaking panoramas.
A top annual attraction is to watch the thousands of Pacific Humpback whales that congregate off the coast during the breeding season from November to April. The chance to get up close to these magnificent creatures is one not to be missed.
Often voted by Conde Nast as the Best Island in the world, it's no wonder it's a personal favourite with the staff at Bon Voyage.Bon Voyage have been providing tailor-made travel and holidays to the Hawaiian Islands since 1979. Have your Maui holidays expertly tailor-made by Bon Voyage to suit your exact requirements, with the quality and service you expect at great value prices.

subset: commoncrawl


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You must be 18 years old to buy e-cigarettes.
This e-cigarette car charger keeps your 510 e-cigarette battery charged when you're on the go.
Simply plug it into your car's power outlet. Then screw the battery in. It will blink a few times and then will start recharging. If it doesn't blink when you plug it in, you may need to get a new battery (remember, all batteries die eventually).
You can purchase either a single black e-cigarette battery or one of our e-cigarette starter kits -- either the Deluxe Starter Kit with two black e-cigarette 510 batteries and five cartomizers, or the Try Me Kit with a single 510 battery and two cartomizers.
Stay vaping and never go back to those vile cigarettes again!
Check out all of our e-cigarette starter kits on our website, VapingVamps.com. We're the only e-cigarette brand created by women, for women.


text:
Viewing All 165 Photos
Certified photos by travelers like you.
September 2013
At Moulin Rouge
Alex and Marlene waiting in front of Moulin Rouge. Beautiful show!
Akeba USA
July 2013
A night to remember
This is a photo of me the night before my show outside the Moulin Rouge.
June 2013
The Moulin Rouge at night.
Do not miss this opportunity to see one of the great spectacles of Paris.The Mouln Rouge.
August 2012
P1070994 (640x480)
Great show at the Moulin Rouge, no pics from inside allowed.
September 2010
Eiffel Tower Dinner, Seine River Cruise and Moulin Rouge Show by Minivan
Jasmine G Australia
January 2008
Dressed up ready for a night at the Moulin Rouge
September 2016
Tickets to The Show!!
On our way to the front door of Moulin Rouge.
September 2016
Tickets to The Show!!
On our way to the front door of Moulin Rouge.
July 2016
Outside Moulin Rouge after the show
A view from outside the Moulin Rouge show


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Creative Nature's Organic New Zealand Barley Grass contains an incredibly powerful antioxidant called 2-0-Glycosylisovitexine (2-0-GIV) which isn't found in Wheatgrass.
Antioxidants are vital in the body's fight against harmful free radicals that can damage your cells, which is why it is important to eat antioxidant rich foods like organic Barley Grass, organic Cacao and Goji Berries.
My best features:
- Low in Fat, Saturated Fat and Sodium
- High in Potassium, Calcium and Dietary Fibre
- 50% RDA Vitamin C per serving
- Good Source of Vitamin B1 and B6
- Freeze dried to maintain nutritional benefits
How to take me:
As a shot, with a small amount of water for maximum results, Blend into smoothies, Mix into a healthy 'green' juice, Sparingly sprinkled over salads, Recipes coming soon
Nutritional Information:
Per 100g Per 15g Serving %RDA
Energy 1050kJ / 251kcal 158kJ / 38kcal 7%
Protein 29g 4.4g 10%
Carbohydrates 3.4g 0.5g 0.4%
Of which sugars* 3.1g 0.5g 0.6%
Fat 2.5g 0.4g 0.6%
Of which saturates 0.3g 0.05g 0.25%
Fibre 39g 6g 24%
Sodium 50mg 7.5mg 0.3%
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 1.2mg 180mcg 12%
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 1.3mg 195mcg 10%
Vitamin C 200mg 30mg 50%
Chromium 74mcg 11mcg 9%
Additional Info
|Size (Weight)
Learn More
Click here to learn more about the product and its ingredients.
Disclaimer: The information provided is scientific independent research provided by Aisle7 and is for informational use only. Revital provides this information as a service but does not endorse it.
Copyright 2015 Aisle7. All rights reserved. Aisle7.com
The information presented in Aisle7 is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires June 2016.
Important Information
Important - Please read before purchase
While we try to ensure that product information is correct, on occasion manufacturers may alter their ingredient lists. For additional information about a product, please Contact Us on 0800 252 875.
Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a medical practitioner, pharmacist, or other licensed health-care professional. Discontinue use and consult a doctor if adverse reactions occur.
Information stated regarding dietary supplements is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition.
Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place. Do not use if seal under cap is broken or missing.


text:
Get an email alert if this goes back in stock.
Supremely rad protective case for the iPhone 5 featuring multicolored stone and crystal detailing all over. Easy clip-on style. The perfect gift for iPhone addicts! By Skinnydip London.
*Openings for top and side buttons, charger port/dock connector, and camera
*Suitable for iPhone 5 and 5S
If you're not utterly obsessed with your recent purchase, it's now so easy to send it back! All US returns can be completed online using our fast, hassle-free system. Check out the links below for more details.
Opened makeup, earrings, ear cuffs and panties cannot be returned.


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*From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases (Drs. Romero-Corral, Somers, Pellikka, Korinek, Orban, Sierra-Johnson, and Lopez-Jimenez) and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Dr. Olson), and the Department of Biostatistics (Dr. Bailey), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN; Aerodigestive and Sleep Center (Dr. Amin), Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Dr. Kato), Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
Correspondence to: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Gonda 5–368, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester MN 55905; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may predispose patients to congestive heart failure (CHF), suggesting a deleterious effect of OSA on myocardial contractility.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 85 subjects with suspected OSA who had undergone their first overnight polysomnogram, accompanied by an echocardiographic study. Patients were divided according to the apnea-hypopnea index as follows: < 5 (control subjects); 5 to 14 (mild OSA); and ≥ 15 (moderate-to-severe OSA). Right and left ventricular function was evaluated using the myocardial performance index (MPI) and other echocardiographic parameters. For the right ventricle analyses, we excluded patients with a Doppler pulmonary systolic pressure of ≥ 45 mm Hg, while for the left ventricle we excluded patients with an ejection fraction of ≤ 45%.
Results: The mean (± SD) age was 60 ± 15 years, and 83% were men. Right and left ventricular function were altered in patients with OSA, especially in those with the moderate-to-severe OSA, even after adjustment for potential confounders. The mean right MPI was 0.23 ± 0.10 in control subjects, 0.26 ± 0.16 in patients with mild OSA, and 0.37 ± 0.11 in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA (p value for trend, < 0.01). The mean left MPI values were 0.28 ± 0.05, 0.27 ± 0.07, and 0.41 ± 0.14, respectively (p value for trend, 0.04). Right and left MPI correlated positively and significantly with the apnea-hypopnea index (ρ = 0.40, p = 0.002; and ρ = 0.27, p = 0.02, respectively). Mean left atrial volume index was increased in patients with OSA (control subjects, 26.8 ± 11; patients with mild OSA, 32.5 ± 15; and patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, 30.4 ± 11; p value for trend, 0.04).
Conclusions: OSA, particularly when moderate to severe, is associated with impaired right and left ventricular function and increased left atrial volume. These findings support the notion that OSA may contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation and CHF.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent, affecting an estimated 20% of the adult population and as many as 40% of people with obesity.1–4 In addition, OSA is acknowledged as a common cause of secondary hypertension,5and has been implicated in atrial fibrillation,6coronary artery disease,7congestive heart failure (CHF),8pulmonary hypertension,9stroke,10and increased risk of sudden cardiac death during sleep.11 These findings suggest that OSA by itself may significantly affect myocardial contractility.
In clinical practice, ventricular function is commonly evaluated using echocardiography to measure systolic and diastolic function. The myocardial performance index (MPI) incorporates parameters of both systolic and diastolic function, and therefore might be a more accurate and reflective measure of global ventricular function.12The MPI has been shown to be a valid, reproducible, and simple noninvasive method to estimate global right and left ventricular function, with important prognostic implications.13–14
We sought to estimate right and left ventricular myocardial performance and other commonly used echocardiographic parameters in patients with OSA. We hypothesized that patients with OSA have impaired right and left ventricular myocardial performance when compared with control subjects, independent of potential confounders.
A cross-sectional evaluation of 155 patients who underwent their initial polysomnogram at the Mayo Sleep Disorders Center from January 1, 1996, to September 1, 2005, for suspected OSA and who also had undergone a complete transthoracic echocardiogram within 2 months of their sleep study. Different inclusion criteria were used for right and left ventricular assessments. To assess whether OSA affects right ventricular function independently of pulmonary pressure, we excluded patients with an estimated pulmonary systolic pressure of ≥ 45 mm Hg. To assess whether OSA affects left ventricular performance in subjects with preserved ejection fraction, we excluded patients with CHF who had an ejection fraction of ≤ 45%. General exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 years; previous organ transplantation; history of bariatric surgery, severe left ventricular dysfunction (ie, ejection fraction, < 25%), and cardiac surgery (except coronary artery bypass graft surgery); presence of a permanent pacemaker; moderate-to-severe valvular diseases; cardiomyopathies; pulmonary hypertension due to identifiable causes (except OSA); previous use of continuous positive airway pressure; cancer and/or other important comorbidities with an expected survival < 2 years; suboptimal echocardiographic images for measurements; and lack of patient authorization for clinical research. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN.
All subjects underwent attended, laboratory-based, digitally recorded polysomnography (NCI-LAMONT Medical Inc; Madison, WI). The following variables were recorded: electrooculogram; EEG; chin and lower extremity electromyogram; oronasal airflow using a thermocouple (until Spring 2004) or nasal pressure transducer; snoring detected via neck microphone; thoracoabdominal impedance plethysmography; one-channel ECG; and pulse oximetry. Sleep staging and arousals were scored using standard methods.15–16 Obstructive apneas were defined as a cessation of airflow for at least 10 s in the presence of thoracoabdominal efforts, and hypopneas were defined as significant reductions in airflow for at least 10 s accompanied by oxyhemoglobin desaturation of ≥ 2% from baseline. All studies were interpreted by a board-certified sleep specialist. The exposure groups were defined a priori using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which was defined as the total number of apnea and/or hypopnea episodes divided by the number of hours of sleep. The groups were defined as control subjects (AHI, < 5), mild OSA (AHI, 5 to 14), and moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI, ≥ 15).
We used videotaped or digitally stored transthoracic echocardiographic studies to calculate the right and left MPI and the fractional area of change. Using Doppler echocardiography, right and left ventricular MPI were calculated as follows: (isovolumic contraction time of the right/left ventricle + isovolumetric relaxation time of right/left ventricle)/pulmonary/aortic ejection time.13–14 The MPI calculation was feasible in 65 of 85 patients (79%) for the right ventricle and in 72 of 85 patients (85%) for the left ventricle. Fractional area change was calculated as (end-diastolic area − end-systolic area)/end diastolic area for the right and left ventricle in the apical four-chamber view. Three consecutive beats were measured and averaged for each measurement, and five consecutive beats were measured in patients with atrial fibrillation. Other more commonly used variables were measured according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography.17 In this protocol, five random measurements were repeated 1 week after the first measurements to calculate the intraobserver variability (by Dr. Romero-Corral) of the MPI and fractional area change, while for the interobserver variability five random measurements of the MPI and fractional area change were made by two persons (Drs. Romero-Corral and Korinek). The percentage of variation in the means and SEs of the measurement were compared using a paired t test. Both investigators were blinded to the OSA status of the patients.
Data on the demographic characteristics, medical history, medications, laboratory values, and anthropometric measures were extracted from medical records. Height and weight were recorded at the time of polysomnography and were used to calculate the body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters). Clinical information included a history of hypertension, defined as a documented diagnosis, treatment of such, or whether the recorded BP was ≥ 125/85 mm Hg. Dyslipidemia was defined as a mean total cholesterol level of ≥ 240 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein of ≥ 160 mg/dL, the use of lipid-lowering therapy, or a documented diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of ≥ 126 mg/dL or receiving therapy with insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic agents. Coronary artery disease was defined as previous myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Smoking status was classified as current, past, or never. Other diagnoses including COPD were considered if they were documented in the medical history.
To assess baseline differences across AHI groups, we used the independent t test for continuous variables and the χ2 or Fisher exact test for categoric variables. We explored normal distribution across the recorded variables, and we used the logarithm of right and left MPI and fractional area change due to the skewness of these variables. We used one-way analysis of variance and test for trends across OSA severity. We performed multivariate analyses to obtain adjusted p values for trend and for group comparison across AHI groups, and to obtain adjusted correlation coefficients between AHI and both MPI and fractional area change. Two models for adjustment were created for each ventricle. For the right ventricle, model 1 included age, gender, body mass index, and estimated pulmonary systolic pressure. Model 2 included the same variables as model 1 plus COPD and smoking status. For the left ventricle, model 1 included age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and smoking status. Model 2 included the same variables as model 1 plus ejection fraction. Finally, due to the nonlinearity found in the AHI, MPI, and fractional area, we used a Spearman test to assess the correlations between these variables. Two-tailed p values of ≤ 0.05 were considered to be significant in advance. Statistical analyses were performed using a statistical software package (JMP, version 6.0; SAS Institute; Cary, NC).
We identified 155 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After applying the exclusion criteria, we studied a total of 85 subjects (27 control subjects, 18 patients with mild OSA, and 40 patients with moderate- to-severe OSA). For the right ventricular measures, we excluded eight more patients (9.4%) due to an estimated pulmonary systolic pressure of ≥ 45 mm Hg. For analyses of the left ventricle, we excluded another 11 patients (12.8%) with an ejection fraction of ≤ 45%. Sensitivity analyses were performed including these patients, and the results remained similar.
Table 1
presents the baseline characteristics of the patients included in the study. The mean (± SD) age was 60 ± 15 years, and 83% were men. There was a significant trend for OSA patients to be older, to have hypertension, and to be less likely to be current smokers. Table 2
compares the polysomnographic parameters and laboratory values across OSA groups.
For patients with right ventricular MPI, the interobserver and intraobserver variability were 7.5% and 6.1%, respectively, while they were 4.4% and 2.1%, respectively, for patients with left ventricular MPI. For the right ventricular fractional area change, the interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were 3.4% and 7.2%, respectively, while for the left ventricular fractional area change they were 6.7% and 3.1%, respectively.
Echocardiographic measurements in the right ventricle and the unadjusted and adjusted p values for trend and for comparisons among AHI groups for both models are displayed in Table 3
. There was an impaired global right ventricular function measured by the MPI across severity of OSA that remained significant after the adjustment of covariates in models 1 and 2 (p < 0.01 for both). Figure 1
shows the significant and positive correlation between right ventricular MPI and AHI (ρ = 0.40; p = 0.002) after adjustment for variables in model 2.
Systolic function measured by the fractional area change was impaired across the severity of OSA in the unadjusted analyses (p = 0.01) but was no longer significant in models 1 and 2 (p > 0.05 for both). After adjustment for variables in model 2, there was a statistical trend for significance for the fractional area change to be negatively correlated with AHI (ρ = −0.20; p = 0.06) [data not shown].
Echocardiographic measurements in the left ventricle, and the unadjusted and adjusted p values for trend and for comparisons among AHI groups for both models are shown in Table 4
. There was an impaired global left ventricular function measured by the MPI across the severity of OSA that remained significant after the adjustment of covariates in models 1 and 2 (both p < 0.05). Figure 2
shows the significant and positive correlation between left ventricular MPI and AHI (ρ = 0.27; p = 0.02) after adjustment for the variables in model 2. The systolic function measured by ejection fraction percentage and fractional area change showed no differences across AHI groups in either model (p > 0.05). However, diastolic function was impaired in patients with OSA, as noted by the significantly increased left atrial volume index across OSA severity that remained significant after adjusting for variables in models 1 and 2 (both p < 0.05). The mean and lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation percentages were not related to any of the echocardiographic measures of the right and left ventricle across AHI groups (p > 0.05 for all).
Our study demonstrates an association between the severity of OSA and decreased right and left ventricular performance in patients with normal diurnal pulmonary pressure and preserved ejection fraction. The association remained significant after adjustment for clinical parameters known to affect right or left ventricular function. The impairment in left and right ventricular myocardial performance was most evident in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Finally, we also showed that the left atrial volume index was significantly increased in patients with OSA.
There are several factors closely related to OSA that can affect right ventricle structure and function, including obesity, elevations in the intrathoracic negative pressure related to apneic events, and nocturnal increases in pulmonary vascular resistance, all of which have been related to impaired right ventricular filling and diastolic dysfunction.6–7,11,18Previous studies19–25 assessing right ventricular function in patients with OSA have been controversial and have had important limitations, including the use of right ventricular measurements with poor reproducibility, nonblinded measures, lack of a control group for comparisons, and inadequate adjustment for known confounders.
In a previous study, Dursunoglu et al26 studied global right ventricular function using the MPI in patients with OSA who had no history of cardiac and lung diseases. This study26reported an excellent correlation between right ventricular MPI and AHI (r = 0.84; p < 0.001), similar to the one obtained in our study without adjustment for pulmonary systolic pressure and body mass index (data not shown). After adjusting for these known confounders, the correlation between global right ventricular dysfunction and AHI diminished but remained significantly correlated (ρ = 0.40; p = 0.002), supporting the notion that obesity and pulmonary pressures are also important contributors to right ventricular dysfunction in patients with OSA. For the association between OSA and right ventricular ejection fraction, Sanner and colleagues27 have previously reported in a sample of patients without cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, a significant negative correlation between AHI and right ventricular ejection fraction measured by radionuclide ventriculography (r = −0.24; p < 0.01). Although our study did not reach statistical significance, this correlation is very similar to the one we noted between right fractional area change and AHI (ρ = −0.20; p = 0.06).
To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that OSA severity is associated with impaired right ventricular function after the careful consideration of potential confounders, especially elevated body mass index and pulmonary systolic pressure. Interestingly, our data showed that right ventricular function was inversely related to the AHI but not to the mean and lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation, suggesting that the pathophysiologic interactions between OSA and right ventricular function could be related more to the number of apneic events and the changes in the intrathoracic negative pressure, rather than primarily to oxygen desaturation.28
In the present study, we found that global left ventricular function, measured by the MPI, and the diastolic dysfunction, measured by left atrial volume index, are impaired across the severity of OSA after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and even after adjustment for ejection fraction. Our findings confirm and extend the results from previous investigators22,29–31 who have found that left ventricular structure and function are affected in patients with OSA. Global left ventricular function in patients with OSA has been previously reported. This study found a significant and positive correlation between the left ventricular MPI and AHI (r = 0.63; p < 0.001).32 However, this study did not include a control group, and the echocardiographic measures and analyses were not conducted blinded to polysomnography results. Nevertheless, this study is supportive of the notion that OSA affects left ventricular function. In a small sample of patients, Noda and colleagues22 reported that OSA is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, possibly due to long-standing hypertension associated with OSA. Furthermore, Fung et al,29 comparing patients with an AHI of ≥ 40 to those with an AHI of < 40, found that diastolic function reflected by a prolonged isovolumic relaxation time measured by echocardiography, is impaired in patients with an AHI of ≥ 40. Other parameters, including systolic function, were not different between groups. These results are consistent with our present study in which global and diastolic functions were impaired, even when systolic function was not. Furthermore, we have previously reported that otherwise healthy obese patients with OSA, when compared to similarly obese control subjects without OSA, have impaired diastolic function measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography as well as increased left atrial volume index.33Overall, these findings suggest that OSA initially affects diastolic function rather than systolic function. We further speculate that the left atrial enlargement found in patients with OSA could be the reason for the higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation in this patient population.34
The strengths of our study include the availability of polysomnography data, which is the "gold standard" for OSA diagnosis, and the existence of a control group without OSA. In addition, we obtained good reproducibility of measurements of MPI and fractional area change, which were performed blinded to the polysomnography results. Finally, we adjusted for potential confounders and excluded patients with pulmonary hypertension (for right ventricle measurements) or with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (for left ventricle measurements). The limitations of this study include the fact that five of our patients (14%) with moderate-to-severe OSA were receiving CPAP treatment at the time of the echocardiogram. However, this would direct our results toward the null hypothesis, meaning that ventricular function could be improved in these patients, possibly masking a greater ventricular dysfunction in this group, as has been suggested by some studies.35–36 In addition, the possibility of a prevalence-incidence bias is present in our study. OSA may not have been diagnosed for many years in some patients in our sample. To minimize this problem, we included only first-time evaluations for suspected sleep apnea (incident cases). Another limitation is that the Mayo Clinic is a tertiary care facility; this, in addition to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, which reduced the sample by 50%, limits the extrapolation of our results to the general population. Finally, due to the nature of the cross-sectional design, we cannot assess cause and effect.37
This study suggests that OSA is associated with impaired right and left ventricular performance and increased left atrial volume independent of several known confounders. Ventricular performance and atrial size should be assessed in patients with OSA even in the absence of comorbidities known to affect heart function.
OSA, particularly the severe form of the disease, is associated with impaired right ventricular function despite normal diurnal pulmonary systolic pressures. OSA patients also have decreased left ventricular myocardial performance and an increased left atrial volume even in the setting of a preserved ejection fraction. These findings support the notion that OSA may contribute to the development of right and left ventricular dysfunction, and, ultimately, to development of atrial fibrillation and CHF.
Abbreviations: AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; CHF = congestive heart failure; MPI = myocardial performance index; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea
Dr. Somers is supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL-65176, HL-70302, HL-73211, and M01-RR00585. Dr. Lopez-Jimenez is a recipient of a Clinical Scientist Development Award from the American Heart Association.
The authors have reported to the ACCP that no significant conflicts of interest exist with any companies/organizations whose products or services may be discussed in this article.
Values are given as the mean ± SD or No. (%), unless otherwise indicated. MI = myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery; NS = not significant.
p < 0.05 (control subjects vs patients with moderate-to-severe OSA).
p < 0.05 (control subjects vs patients with mild OSA).
Values are given as the mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein. See Table 1 for abbreviation not used in the text.
p = 0.06 (control subjects vs patients with moderate-to-severe OSA).
p < 0.001 (patients with mild OSA vs patients with moderate-to-severe OSA).
Values are given as the mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. EPSP = estimated pulmonary systolic pressure; FAC = fractional area change. See Table 1 for abbreviation not used in the text.
p Values are given as unadjusted/model 1/model 2. Additional models incorporating other alternative comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and ejection fraction, did not alter the significance of the p values.
p < 0.01 in models 1 and 2 when compared to control subjects.
Values are given as the mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. MV = mitral valve; E = early diastolic velocity; A = late diastolic velocity; e′ = mitral annular early diastolic velocity; E/A ratio = ratio between early and late diastolic velocity; E/e′ ratio = ratio between early diastolic velocity and mitral annular early diastolic velocity. See Tables 1and 3 for abbreviations not used in the text.
p Values are given as unadjusted/model 1/model 2.
p < 0.05 in models 1 and 2 vs control subjects.
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text:
? twits within the apps?
wags? and this board is still deleting...........
XmlForm class
Office 2013 and later Other Versions
Represents the underlying XML document of a form.
Inheritance hierarchy
Namespace: Microsoft.Office.InfoPath
Assembly: Microsoft.Office.InfoPath (in Microsoft.Office.InfoPath.dll)
public abstract class XmlForm
The XmlForm class is a key object in the InfoPath managed code object model that provides properties, methods, and events that can be used to programmatically interact with and manipulate the XML data in the underlying XML document of a form
child of mle cloaked...thanks, smooth... System and Method For Influencing a Position on a Search Result List Generated by a Computer Network Search Engine
Inventors: Thomas A. Soulanille, James B. Gallinatti JR., DARREN J. DAVIS, MATTHEW DERER, JOHANN GARCIA, LARRY GRECO, TOD E. KURT, THOMAS KWONG, JONATHAN C. LEE, KA LUK LEE, PRESTON PFARNER, STEVE SKOVRAN
US Patent 6269361
Filed: May 28, 1999
Granted: Jul 31, 2001---------
mark up exec to work with s and m for influencing a position of search result list? generated by network search engine? what about a tiny web server? or p2p? wags?
goooo. and see github.
some of that new tiny web server?
then apply the previous information/wags.
see story by keith townsend...
interesting...distributed ledger..lol
smoothassilk20 3 hours ago 1 2 3 4 5
The emily patent 8,578,266 has a continuation application 14/072,635 that was filed 11-05-2013 and is now showing as a "patented case" and will issue on August 2nd, according to the USPTO. The weird thing is that patent applications are normally viewable by the public 18 months after they are filed, yet this 14/072,635 was never viewable and is now patented, yet still not viewable. Uhhhh, what gives?
see the recent vcsy litigation made public..good luck to us....what'd they say, it's on there but we never used it? lol/wags
what was his last class at harvard? networking? lol.
machine ..payroll/computational component?interesting
744 to the cloud......hey, invoking payments if going to vcsy ip...wags.....lvlt considering sale or buyback...if a sale , goog? for the goog ai...........lol. good luck to us
hmmm. goog? android/vmw horizon view/softbank...8x8.....zerigo..wags. goooooo.
interesting; samsung has vcsy license to use patented ip, but if used by another...it ain't covered.....just remember sammie.
device comms in network via phone like audacity and veracity? lol.


text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Black Granite
A selection of articles related to black granite.
Original articles from our library related to the Black Granite. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Black Granite.
- Black Gospel Music
- Black Gospel music is also known as Urban Contemporary Gospel music. Its roots were the Negro spiritual songs that were sang by the African slaves while tilling the rich cotton fields of their white Southern masters in the early 18th century.
>> Poetry & Fable
- How Odin Became Santa Claus: Symbolism and Pagan Origins of a Gift-Giving Saint
- The story begins in the northern regions of Europe where the supreme god Odin, also known as Wodan among the German tribes, reigned. (He still lives among us in Wednesday, which is Wodan's day). Odin/Wodan was the god of wisdom, magick and occult knowledge,...
Deities & Heros >> Nordic & Germanic
- Select Cross-Cultural and Historical Personifications of Death
- This extensive introduction includes some of the more well known, along with some lesser known Death "incarnations", and I use that term loosely, as in many cultures, the Angel of Death can be quite an adept shapeshifter. We have tried to cull...
Mystic Sciences >> Necromantic Studies
- Cohosh, Black: Correspondences
- Cimicifuga racemosa Folk Names: Black Snake Root, Bugbane, Rattle Root, Squaw Root Gender: Masculine Planet: Element: Deity: Power: Love, Protection, Courage, Potency...
Herbalism >> Herbs dictionary C
- Black Cord Binding
- Use this to bind someone from hurting others and themselves. ONLY do this if there are no other options available to you. You need: Black cord–long enough to tie 3 knots in, A photo of the person harming others First of all sit and cast circle. Explain to the...
Paganism & Wicca >> Spells
Black Granite is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Black Granite books and related discussion.
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Black Granite Topics
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text:
Each part has a few lipglasses; the first two parts have three each, while the last two parts have two each. This gives us a grand total of ten freakin' lipglasses to take a look at, whew! This part includes the lipglasses from parts one and two, and the second part will contain lipglasses from parts three and four. (I split posts to help ensure that our server can sustain the load of people downloading images–and preferably, not 50 images at once!) My favorites: Hush, Hush Rose, Electric Fuchsia, and Kumquat. What are your favorites?Read Full Review
MAC Spring Colour Forecast: Eyeshadows
There are eight single eyeshadows that debut in this launch. There are four from part one and four from part two. Additionally, there are two eyeshadow quads being released in parts three and four, respectively, that will be reviewed separately. My favorites: La La, Very Violet; Hot Hot Hot, Straw Harvest. What are your favorites?Read Full Review
MAC Spring Colour Forecast is Here!
Welcome to the MAC Spring Colour Forecast Hour!
Make sure you keep the official collection information bookmarked, because Spring Colour Forecast is a doozy. With four "parts," this collection is positively enormous–though not surprising as it anniversarizes last year's mega-popular Hello Kitty collection. It is now currently available for purchase at www.maccosmetics.com.
Just trying to determine the best way to organize this collection's review has been a nightmare (each collection has too many photos to put into a single post to do it the most obvious way, with each part getting a post). Instead, I've decided to group similar products together–all the single eyeshadows together, all of the single lipglasses together, etc.
So, stay with me as I review and post swatches and photos over the next hour… or two… or ten 🙂
MAC Cosmetics Spring Colour Forecast Collection + Photos
MAC Cosmetics Spring Forecast Collection
In February 11th, 2010, you'll see this hit counter… Debbie confirmed it'll be in four separate displayers, but on a single day. Which is worse, because now you can't spread out the costs!
Edited: Added more product photos! (12/27)
Spring Colour 1 Forecast
Lipstick ($14.00 U.S. / $16.50 CDN)
- Bubble Gum Light lavender pink (Glaze) (Limited Edition)
- Laugh-a-lot Mauve pink (Lustre) (Limited Edition)
- Phlox Sheer light pink (Glaze) (Limited Edition)
- Pink Burst Clean bright pink with pearl (Frost) (Limited Edition)
Lipglass ($14.00 U.S. / $16.50 CDN)
- Cultureclash Frosty clear baby pink with multi-dimensional pearl (Frost) (Limited Edition) (Repromote)
- Hush, Hush Rose Mid-tone blue with pearl (Frost) (Limited Edition)
- Electric Fuchsia Bright violet with blue pearl (Frost) (Limited Edition_
Eyeshadow ($14.50 U.S. / $17.50 CDN)
- Da Bling Pink with gold pearl (Veluxe Pearl) (Permanent)
- LaLa Mid-tone pink (Frost) (Limited Edition)
- Rosy Outlook Frosted baby pink (Satin) (Limited Edition)
- Very Violet Dark violet (Frost) (Limited Edition)
Crush Metal Pigment: Stacked 1! ($32.50 U.S. / $38.50 CDN)
Crush Metal Pigment in a shade wave of four stackable jars, specially selected for the Spring Colour Forecast collection. Provides intense colour payoff and medium coverage with highly reflective metallic sparkle. Creamy, crease-resistant. Long-wearing. Limited edition.
- Pale pink, light lilac, mid-tone rose, dark purple (Limited Edition)
Plushlash ($13.00 U.S. / $15.50 CDN)
- Plushblack Black
Blush Ombre ($25.00 U.S. / $30.00 CDN)
- Azalea Blossom Light cool pink (Limited Edition)
Nail Lacquer ($12.00 U.S. / $14.50 CDN)
- Galore Pink Creamy mid-tone blue pink (Cream) (Limited Edition)
Creations: Pinkaura ($25.00 U.S. / $30.00 CDN)
- Lingeringly floral, slightly foxy. Starts off green then bursts into a flowery bouquet of freesia, black violet and magnolia petals. Sashays into a rich warm amber and balmy vetiver. (Limited Edition) (Repromote)


text:
The Carling Weekend: Reading & Leeds Festivals have just announced a new batch of contenders for the Main Stage, the Radio One Stage and the Concrete Jungle Stage...
[r-zone1]Multi-platinum American rockers Staind will perform on the Main Stage (between Jay Z and the Datsuns!) at Reading on Friday 22 August and Leeds on Saturday 23 August. Darkness and Cave In will also play the Main Stage, on the Saturday at Reading and Sunday at Leeds.
[l-zone2]Filling up the Radio One Tent on the same day will be The Thrills, The Kills and Jet, whilst Grandaddy, Hell is For Heroes, The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster, Radio 4 and The Raveonettes will hit the tent on the Sunday at Reading and Saturday at Leeds.
[r-zone3]As previously reported, The Concrete Jungle Stage will make a welcome return on Saturday at Reading and Sunday, Leeds with a moshtastic line-up for the serious skate, punk and ska enthusiast. This will feature the likes of Pennywise, Lagwagon, The Ataris, Alkaline Trio, Mad Caddies, Turbonegro and more!
Last Call for Tickets!
Reading has all but sold out – only day tickets for Friday (Linkin Park) are still available.
Weekend and Day Tickets are still available for Leeds.
Buy your tickets now from the Virtual Festivals Ticket Store.


text:
- Womens Air Jordan 11 Retro Concord White Black
- Womens Air Jordan 11
- In Stock
Price: $165.00 $81.0099 Reviews
Returns & Warranty
Shipping & Payment
Free shipping is applied on EVERY ORDER. Once you have placed your order you will be contacted by e... Click here.
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For more information click here.
More or less everything new colorway associated with the Womens Air Jordan 11 Retro Concord White Black is set to drop after the year.It looks like he was actually gifted with a couple the Womens Air Jordan 11 for the Holiday period, putting him in the short list of people who please don't live in Eugene that have accessibility to the sneakers.At the Jordan 11 Concord Gs detail series, there are two range of colorway has been do well launch around us which including Jordan 11 Concord Gs And also Jordan 11 Concord Gs.There is still plenty of time designed for updates and further important info, so stay tuned. For the, check out a full picture of what I can purely assume is a doctored look, not a real snapshot of the 2014 edition.


text:
Our search is extremely powerful and allows you to find the right car in one click. here are some examples, you don't need to add the "".
Search Term: "Black 3 Series" find all the black BMW 3 series.
Search Term: "Discovery 4 £25000" will find all Land Rover Discovery's around that price.
Search: VW Golf £10000 will find all VW Golfs priced between £9,000 and £11,000
Search Term: "Audi A3 VW Golf Seat Leon £20000" will find all these cars between £18,000 and £22,000
Search for "Focus Leather Sat Nav" will bring back all the Ford Focus' with Sat Nav and Leather seats, sorted by closest match.


text:
Expert Advice
The Something Blue: Water-view Weddings
Connecticut offers an abundance of amazing venues for your bridal reception. Here are some wedding venues with spectacular water views.
|Spring/Summer 2016
Down the Aisle: Bridal Inspiration for the Big Day
If you're in need of ideas, look no further.
|Spring/Summer 2016
Guide to the Bridal Party
You've been asked to be a bridesmaid — now what? Here's a step-by-step guide with all you need to know!
|Spring/Summer 2016
A Conversation with Judd Waddell
The American designer discusses what goes into designing a luxury bridal line - and why knockoffs don't measure up.
|Fall/Winter 2015
Scooping the Bride on Social Media
Before you post that status update, make sure you're not beating the bride to the punch.
|Fall/Winter 2015
Troubleshooting: The Perils of the Amateur Photographer
Your wedding photography is a big investment that you'll make for your special day. But with a camera in every guest's pocket and social media just a click away, eager amateurs can make it difficult for the pros to get the perfect shot.
|Fall/Winter 2015
Thinking Outside the Gift Box
Forget the china patterns. Register for things that complement your lifestyle.
|Spring/Summer 2013
Avoiding the Pitfalls
Ten wedding day crises and how to avoid them.
|Spring/Summer 2013
What can you do to tip the odds in favor of looking jaw-droppingly gorgeous on the big day? Quite a bit, as it happens.
|Fall/Winter 2012
Wedding Cake 101
To get the cake of your dreams, you look at the portfolios of one or more cake designers to get an idea of what they can do.
|Fall/Winter 2012


text:
In 2010, Michigan had the country's 110th-best defense and starts 2011 with an entirely new coaching staff.
As a result, my devoted Irish faithful have let me know in no uncertain terms that Notre Dame will crush Michigan like I crush a Styrofoam cup after an inspiring round of beer pong.
And yes, I know that it's an empirical fact that if Dayne Crist doesn't check into La La Hotel for a half, Notre Dame walks all over Michigan last year.
I also know that as the year wore on, Notre Dame's defense improved dramatically as Michigan's went spiraling over a cliff, dragging coach Rich Rodriguez down with it.
With all the turmoil in the program, there's every reason to believe Michigan will be an easy mark.
Make no mistake, Michigan will be one of ND's toughest outs in 2011, and I can tell you five good reasons why.