text:
Talk:Substance theory
|WikiProject Philosophy
|(Rated Start-class, Mid-importance)
- 1 Property and quality
- 2 Substance theory in praxis
- 3 Help with accidents
- 4 Substance, "what stands under" - Spinoza & Heidegger
- 5 What does 'ens perfectissimus' mean?
- 6 Incomprehensible Continental
- 7 Missing argument
- 8 Defining Quality
- 9 8 1/2 by 11
- 10 Anti-substantialism
- 11 RfC: Is the following subsection a useful contribution to the article: Substance theory?
- 12 ousia
- 13 how do editors of this article see it contrasting with essence?
- 14 Substance is ...
Property and quality[edit]
Quality is the substance that makes an object/entity what it is. A quality is inherent, a property is relative. A quality is typical of the whole, a property is typical of a part.
Property is relative. Quality is absolute. An object can survive without some properties, but not without its quality.
A property is comon in all members of a class. Properties are of two kinds. Group 1 property shows the limits (contains constraints). If they disappear, the object itself disappears.
They are substantial (not substance) properties. The constraints here are not the same as the specifics of an object, though.
Group 2 properties are simple properties. They do not delimit objects. It is the quality that makes a difference among objects.
The number of qualities of an object is endless.
A particular quality may be the property of different objects, and vice versa.
A quality itself is a propetry, it is relative as any other property, i.e. it does not depend on the object that it is a quality of, but on other objects associated with that object.
Or: what is a quality for one object is a property only for another. (Example: an ability to do something – with an amateur and a professional).
A quality is not complete specifics. Therefore we have a separate sense for it (quality). If two substantial properties make up a quality, then combined, they are again a substantial property. The complete set of qualities is what you call the specifics.
Apogr 20:16, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
What is meant by concrete objects being "numerically different" (or equal), if they are not numbers? (Indeed, a number is abstract, not concrete.) See "The bundle theory" section and later. Does it means something like its "state" (like a card or computer word whose physical state may be interpretted as the reification of some (abstract) value, e.g. a number, and, in any case, can be compared with that of another object that is of the same type)? But then, would not the symbols on the card or bits in the word be mere properties of the object? John Newbury 2005-07-30
Substance theory in praxis[edit]
There are very few names given in the article - who are the current (20thC+) proponents of substance theory - and do their ideas converge? Who are the current opponents to substance theory, and are all of them proponents of bundle theory? To me the article appears to dichotomise all thinkers into bundlists and substantists - is that fair or correct? (excuse the neologisms) (20040302 00:22, 31 October 2005 (UTC))
Help with accidents[edit]
Could someone who understands this stuff take a look at Accident (philosophy)? Is the term accident used in substance theory, and is it used differently than in modern theories about essence? I'm coming at this issue from transubstantiation. The explanation of accidents on Wikipedia doesn't seem to exactly correspond to the usage of this term in the transubstantiation doctrine. This causes unnecessary confusion.--Srleffler 01:59, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
Substance, "what stands under" - Spinoza & Heidegger[edit]
Someone wrote that for Spinoza, substance meant "what stands under". Actually, Heidegger showed that the concept of "subject" came from the Greek "Hypokeimenon", which meant "what stands under". Henceforth, Heidegger demonstrated that any criticism of the substance, as in Nietzsche's philosophy, was necesarily a criticism of the subject (i.e. something like a historical subject can't exist, it is an oxymoron). In other words: the subject was thought by classic philosophy as the core of a "personality", i.e. the substance of personality. Any criticism of permanency is therefore a criticism on the unity of the subject. Henceforth, it may be a good idea to generalize Spinoza's understanding of substance, as it is the real signification of substance - backing it with Heidegger's etymology (this last being important, as Heidegger also loved obscure etymologies...). Lapaz 03:28, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
It sounds like you have good information to add to this article, Lapaz. Please be bold and improve the article's explanation of Spinoza's understanding and add Heidegger's etymology and criticism. (And, if possible, cite Heidegger and Spinoza.) The Rod 17:32, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
"what stands under" may be "understood" as "understanding", and that may be all that "substance" really is. [(User: Anders|Anders)] 13:40, 15 October 2009 (UTC)184.108.40.206 (talk) 18:45, 15 November 2009 (UTC)
- That which stands beneath in Greek is hypostasis, substance or essence in Greek is ousia.LoveMonkey (talk) 00:04, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
- Lapaz wrote: "Heidegger showed that the concept of 'subject' came from the Greek 'Hypokeimenon,' which meant 'what stands under.'" Heidegger's definitions and word origins were very idiosyncratic. He tried to out–Hegel Hegel in the employment of neologisms and deliberately confusing terminology (depth = obscurity). It must be obvious that "subject" comes from the Latin for "thrown under" and has nothing to do with "standing." [sub = under; jacere (or iacere) = throw]Lestrade (talk) 14:10, 22 April 2010 (UTC)Lestrade
What does 'ens perfectissimus' mean?[edit]
- QUOTE: "For Heidegger, Descartes means by "substance" that by which "we can understand nothing else than an entity which is in such a way that it need no other entity in order to be." Therefore, only God is a substance as ens perfectissimus..."
I was just wondering, what does 'ens perfectissimus' mean? DonkeyKong the mathematician (in training) 15:18, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
why the masculine termination? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 10:59, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
Incomprehensible Continental[edit]
I can't make any sense of the following.
For this reason, Althusser's "anti-humanism" and Foucault's statements were criticized, by Jürgen Habermas and others, for misunderstanding that this led to a fatalist conception of social determinism. For Habermas, only a subjective form of liberty could be conceived, to the contrary of Deleuze who talks about "a life", as an impersonal and immanent form of liberty.
What has the existence or otherwise of "stuff" got to do with "social determinism"? 1Z 19:19, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
- I agree, this still exists, and its still confusing. Someone should get around to clarifying this more. Shaded0 (talk) 07:30, 9 June 2012 (UTC)
Missing argument[edit]
The article needs a section on the Argument from Change and Endurance.1Z 19:34, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
Defining Quality[edit]
Everyone has a (different)definition for Quality.
If American cars have so much Quality built into them as the big 3 advertise , than why do they lose so much money. Quality is in the eyes of the customer, perception is everything. Even though these cars are made to high standards and are made with ' quality components ' they are not perceived as a Quality product as compared to other cars , which are made , basically, to the same standards.
I work in a sector where our products are perceived to be better than our American competitors products and maybe the best in the world.
Even though in some ways our products are indeed inferior to some competitors models and more expensive , but made to the same DOT-Dept of Transportation- standards.
Customers are the highest boss and will always be , if they are taken care of - Quality-wise.
6 sigma head —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 15:19, 26 February 2007 (UTC).
- Like many other words, "quality" is ambiguous because it is used to designate more than one concept. Do not make the mistake that Robert Pirsig made. Philosophically, "quality" means "characteristic," "property," or "attribute." It does not mean "high grade" or "superior excellence."Lestrade (talk) 14:19, 22 April 2010 (UTC)Lestrade
8 1/2 by 11[edit]
not to be picky, but 8 1/2 by 11. nora 15:42, 20 March 2007 (UTC)icountyoureyelashes
I've heard of the term anti-substantialism being applied when talking about opposition to substance theory. Perhaps this term could be mentioned if adequate sources were gfound. [1] ADM (talk) 14:11, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
- Please clarify. Do you mean anti-substance theory as the philosophy that opposes ousia or the theory that opposes that there is a singular substance that all things reduce to (metaphysics, ontology) or nihilism which is Reductio ad absurdum. Do you mean the absences of objective substantialism or subjective substantialism or the Essentialism of (Anaxagoras). Or strictly anti as against, rather then the abscences there of? Or are you going to either dodge an answer or do as you have already done so often in the past and just ignore me? I mean since Roman Catholicism denies the sumbebekos and anomalism of the being of God as being incomprehesible[2] won't that kinda make Roman Catholicism what your looking to address? Abit of Anaxagoras goes a long way.[3]LoveMonkey (talk) 18:20, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
- I meant a bit of all those things. There are various post-modern philosophical currents of relativism that are arguably anti-substantial because they reject any kind of moral reference point, which may be called substance. ADM (talk) 07:36, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
Fantastic! You responded this time. The link you posted has a constructivist --Pragmatist-- approach if you will. As for anti-substance it is always down the rabbit hole of Reductio ad absurdum. You must be Greek (actually Christian, Greek in the East means Pagan) about it. A more Pragmatic way in lose conformaty to your link you posted would be that Particle physicists are "pro Substance theory" where those in opposition as part of the Wave tradition of Quantum physics would be more inclined to be anti- or absences of substance theorists (saying that that way is so general though it is almost a misnomor). It will however get you to the city but not the house your looking for. I say theorist to mean one must have knowledge created, validated by experience. That experience can be external or internal. A priori - A posteriori. I (and for that matter Dostoevsky too) am not existentialist because knowledge is a component of substance. It is sentient. The Christian God in Father is uncreated in essence but sentient in hypostasis, where as the Platonic One or Monad is a force without form a non-sentient uncreated motion that is good but without mind or consciousness. Plotinus' One or source as metaphysic (or more correctly) Ontology is an indeteminate infinite vitality. It is the One the Monad that is the essence or substance of all things. God to Plotinus is a second manifestation of the source the force without form (power without sentitence). Therefore man has instinctual knowledge that also directs and shapes or influences (if you will) their essence (substance). Meaning it is of a changing or dynamic character. The issue here for science is, is consciousness a substance? Is the nous a substance? IS it a particle or is it a wave. If physics are true what can account for electron clusters? It goes back to Godel. Noesis is the scope of conscious activites. Pure consciousness with no distortion. Pure nous. Again the nous made of a substance. What is mankinds organic connection to the objective world. LoveMonkey (talk) 12:53, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
- Roman Catholicisms' strange is strange the substance, yes! Nominalism is but a wacky bird! The number one is a conscious constructed concept that reflects noesis! Wacky Wacky Wacky. For nominialism the number one is all in the mind. But the Arabs created their numbering convention not from one, BUT FROM ZERO. Zero is a validatiable (epistemological) experience, aka you can experience nothing and live to talk about it. Nominalism denys the validity and or value and existence of noesis (it is down the rabbit hole to reduce it to the absurd. So love though not a material or external world substance is nothing but a construct of the mind. If love is an energy then it is a substance. So if something is experienciable is it substantive? Here we are again at the tired old debate that is the limits of philosophy. Our noesis is created or finite and various philosophies like to play of that incompleteness (Godel again) in order to abuse Socrates' famous dialectical method to invalidate the position they oppose. It would be better to approach the topic of anti-substanstive as one from the position of a validatible (epistemelogical) experience of zero-Ex nihilo, Ex nihilo nihil fit.
LoveMonkey (talk) 13:23, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
Did you take some caffeine, are you hyper-active today ? You should also consult a dictionary, to make sure that your English doesn't get mixed in with some of that Russian. ADM (talk) 13:39, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
- Stop with the insults it is unbecoming of a Christian. Besides we are Russian Orthodox we hate noboby least of all other Christians. So just discuss, pretty please. You are Catholic we all agree on sobornost.
LoveMonkey (talk) 13:41, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
I don't mean that as an offense, I just thought that from a purely grammatical point of view, it is difficult to follow what you are saying. ADM (talk) 13:48, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
- Well yes, it is bloody difficult to articulate. Noesis is to take large arrays of data (experiences) and calculate with them. How can one balance specific with general? Can I truly speak of a forest if I deny it's trees? This is the stupidity of philosophy.
LoveMonkey (talk) 13:53, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
N.O. Lossky took the Nominal and Nietzchian (yes the pseudo history creator himself Mr N is Senior~ Duplicity) position of relativism and refutes it using the standard dialectial method. His apology is called Value and existence. It is also a position of sobornost to the German culture and philosophy while explicity rejecting Nietzche. Or as Dostoevsky might say Everything is Good and nothingness is dead. [5] LoveMonkey (talk) 14:00, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
RfC: Is the following subsection a useful contribution to the article: Substance theory?[edit]
Is the following example a useful contribution as a subsection for the article: Substance theory?
Objections have been raised regarding a subsection intended to show that substance theory, that is, the proposition that a substance is distinct from its properties, plays a role in today's physical sciences. The subsection is provided at this link. Please comment upon its suitability and, if possible, provide suggestions for its improvement. Brews ohare (talk) 04:35, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- Here is the subsection:
- Usage in physical science
- The use of the term substance in the physical sciences can be seen in the definition of the unit mole by the international standards organization Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. To quote the brochure on the International System of Units:[1]
"Amount of substance is defined to be proportional to the number of specified elementary entities in a sample, the proportionality constant being a universal constant which is the same for all samples. The unit of amount of substance is called the mole, symbol mol, and the mole is defined by specifying the mass of carbon 12 that constitutes one mole of carbon 12 atoms. By international agreement this was fixed at 0.012 kg, i.e. 12 g.
- 1. The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; its symbol is "mol".
- 2. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles."
- This usage of the notion of substance coincides with the posit of substance theory stated at the beginning of this article that 'a substance is distinct from its properties'; here, the term substance is divorced from direct definition in terms of the properties of the substance, and instead directed at its constituents (its "elementary entities"), a form of the idea that matter is built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, as first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).[2][3][4] The properties of a substance must then be deduced from the laws governing the behavior of its constituents, as done in various scientific disciplines such as condensed matter physics and chemistry. Thus, substance theory finds expression in current physical sciences involved in determining the properties of matter.
- References
- ^ "SI brochure, Section 188.8.131.52 – Mole". BIPM. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ^ J. Olmsted, G.M. Williams (1996). Chemistry: The Molecular Science (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett. p. 40. ISBN 0815184506.
- ^ P. Davies (1992). The New Physics: A Synthesis. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0521438314.
- ^ G. 't Hooft (1997). In search of the ultimate building blocks. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0521578833.
- Comments
Please add your comments below with a leading asterisk *
- Comment: The term substance is used in exactly the sense of this article in areas such as the definition of the unit mole and in the arenas of condensed matter theory and chemistry. I believe it of interest that substance theory has not only a long past, but continues to be an idea active to this very day. Brews ohare (talk) 23:26, 21 August 2010 (UTC)
- Do any of the references directly assert that a measurement in moles is to be identified with the philosophical understanding of "substance"? If so, please quote the passage(s) because I'm not seeing it. SpinningSpark 23:43, 21 August 2010 (UTC)
- The measurement in moles is a very particular example, and not the whole enchilada. Regarding the mole, the quote, says: "Amount of substance is defined to be proportional to the number of specified elementary entities".
- The cited references also all refer to substance. The Williams reference explains how, going back to the early Greeks, the idea was that a substance sufficiently divided resulted in its "atoms" which were themselves rather indistinguishable, that is, the properties of substance are to be deduced from the behavior of the constituents, which are themselves rather indistinguishable. The Davies reference says "Ever since the atomic theory of Leuccipus and Democritus in the fifth century BC, the idea that all material substance is composed of a small number of truly elementary particles bound together has been a compelling one." Davies goes on to trace the modern developments of this idea. The 't Hooft reference says: "Substances consisting of one species of atoms are called the chemical elements... the word "element" suggests that we have arrived at the fundamental building blocks of matter." He goes on to say that the indivisibility of atoms has not survived, but has been pushed to finer and finer scales. The on-line dictionary relates substance and matter as: " That which has mass and occupies space; matter" suggesting "substance" and "matter" are largely synonyms, at least in common parlance.
- If you read the scientific literature you will find substance used often in the sense of something that underlies the physically apparent objects of everyday life, and also will find the notion that the properties of substance are determined from its constituents and the physical laws governing their interactions is everywhere.
- I hope I have addressed your questions. Brews ohare (talk) 00:32, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- As an example of the use of the idea of substance today, consider this excerpt (underscores are mine): "If we continuously heat a solid, ... [e]ventually the intermolecular bonds break, and the molecules slide over one another (the process called melting) to form a liquid. The next change of state occurs when the substance turns into a gas... In a plasma, individual atoms are literally ripped apart into charged ions and electrons, and the subsequent electrical interactions drastically change the resulting substance's behavior." Here a chemist clearly views a "substance" as something with properties that are determined by the interactions of its "elementary entities". Brews ohare (talk) 01:22, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- I can't say that has really answered my question. Certainly, the literature uses the word "substance", but as you say, largely as a synonym for matter, or a particular species of matter. The question asked is do any of these sources explicitly link this idea to substance theory. You may well have a case that there is a link, but without sources directly making that assertion it is WP:OR and can't go in the article. SpinningSpark 08:16, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- I don't see any requirement that the word "theory" be tacked onto the word substance to make the point that the word substance is used to mean exactly what it means in this article. Brews ohare (talk) 13:48, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- No, but there is a requirement that the source in some way makes the link between science and philosophy explicitly. If it does not, then it is not verifying the claim being made. SpinningSpark 14:07, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- Perhaps you would find satisfactory the addition of historical material tracing the evolution of the particulate theory of matter and its connection to substance over the centuries, for example, in the era when chemistry was getting on its feet and becoming a quantitative science as the concept of the atom began to take a modern form? Brews ohare (talk) 14:29, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- No, but there is a requirement that the source in some way makes the link between science and philosophy explicitly. If it does not, then it is not verifying the claim being made. SpinningSpark 14:07, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- I don't see any requirement that the word "theory" be tacked onto the word substance to make the point that the word substance is used to mean exactly what it means in this article. Brews ohare (talk) 13:48, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- The material is based on material recently removed from Matter, as described here. It is a definition for the very narrow purposes of defining units, i.e. is more about units than matter or substance, so is misplaced at matter and even more misplaced here.
- There could perhaps be better links to the physical definition(s) of substance: the one that's there, to atomic theory is a bit odd as it's only one aspect of the physical definition. A link to matter would be better, as would a link to chemical substance, or a link to the DAB page Substance which links to both could be added in a hat note.--JohnBlackburnewordsdeeds 09:45, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- The use of the word substance in physical science by no means is limited to the definition of the unit mole, as pointed out above. The unit mole example is interesting however, because it spells out the meaning of substance as seen by an international body, which carries its own peculiar authority. It's also interesting that it amounts to an official statement of the particulate theory of matter, which has millennia of history. Brews ohare (talk) 13:59, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
- I can't say that has really answered my question. Certainly, the literature uses the word "substance", but as you say, largely as a synonym for matter, or a particular species of matter. The question asked is do any of these sources explicitly link this idea to substance theory. You may well have a case that there is a link, but without sources directly making that assertion it is WP:OR and can't go in the article. SpinningSpark 08:16, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
It is disturbing that the introduction of this article links to Ousia, which article begins by apparently stating the usage here in Substance theory is incorrect: "Ousia is often translated (sometimes incorrectly) to Latin as substantia and essentia, and to English as substance and essence" It is arguable that the introduction of the word ousia in the introduction to this article is an unfortunate injection of theology into the subject before the subject has gotten properly laid out. Brews ohare (talk) 16:18, 23 August 2010 (UTC)
This distraction is continued in the introduction by raising the topic of Substantialism, a subject better left to a later subsection. See this discussion. Brews ohare (talk) 16:57, 23 August 2010 (UTC)
how do editors of this article see it contrasting with essence?[edit]
Seems worth asking. There is also an article called Accident (philosophy).--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 10:36, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
- In a declarative sentence there is a subject (substance), a copula (the verb "to be" or "to have"), and a predicate (attribute). The one predicate that is indispensably necessary for the definition of the subject is called the essential predicate or essence. Other predicates are called accidents.Lestrade (talk) 16:46, 17 November 2010 (UTC)Lestrade
- Presently, the intros of all three articles I mentioned appear to me to make it clear that they are about the Aristotelian approach to "being", and nothing to do with what you've just said? Note, we are on the talkpage of Substance theory.--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 17:58, 17 November 2010 (UTC)
- In a declarative sentence there is a subject (substance), a copula (the verb "to be" or "to have"), and a predicate (attribute). The one predicate that is indispensably necessary for the definition of the subject is called the essential predicate or essence. Other predicates are called accidents.Lestrade (talk) 16:46, 17 November 2010 (UTC)Lestrade
Add ousia to the list of what appear to be over-lapping articles. Can someone give any good reason not to merge them?--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 10:44, 28 March 2011 (UTC)
Substance is ...[edit]
The section entitled "The concept of substance in Western philosophy" contains the following words: "Essentially, matter does not disappear, it only changes form." This implies that the essence of substance is matter, that is, substance is matter. This may be true but is usually kept secret and unspoken. "Matter" is a physical concept. "Substance," on the other hand, is a metaphysical concept.Lestrade (talk) 19:13, 25 July 2012 (UTC)Lestrade
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text:
Skip to comments.Word For The Day, Wednesday, March 6, 2013-- metonymy
Posted on 03/06/2013 5:32:20 AM PST by TruthShallSetYouFree
Word For The Day, Wednesday, March 6, 2013-- metonymy
In order that we might all raise the level of discourse and expand our language abilities, here is the daily post of "Word for the Day".
metonymy [mi-ton-uh-mee]
hear it pronounced
a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part, as scepter for sovereignty, or the bottle for strong drink, or count heads (or noses) for count people.
Origin: 154050; < Late Latin metōnymia < Greek metōnymía change of name;
Related forms
metonymies plural
metonymical adjective
meto'nymic adjective
metonym (noun): a word used in a metonymy. For example Foggy Bottom is a metonym for the United States Department of State, which is located in that neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
Rules: Everyone must leave a post using the Word for the Day in a sentence.
The sentence must, in some way, relate to the news of the day.
Practice makes perfect.....post on....
Good morning, all!
Good morning, all!
Do I have to do homework? Barack to the Benevolent gave us a snow day....
This is the new Amerika, sweetheart. Look at the nice medal you get just for showing up.
How's the hubby?
Doot DOO do do do...
I do believe it's "Me-na, me-na," but, as we used to say in the Air Force, that's close enough for government work.
I prefer a little "De do do do, de da da da."
"When their elephants escapes me..."
He's doing ok, thanks for asking. He will be better after the stone is dissolved and the stent removed, but he's getting along ok in the meantime.
Snowquester is a metonymy of conditions that grind Washington DC to a halt.
Maybe part of a sentence? Me to NY my....? Or meaning really boring as in "a very metonymyous job". The example of "Froggy Bottom" would work since boring days really drag.
But races are called "drag" races so how can a race drag? Unless the drivers dress funny under those jumpsuits?
(Help! My word association program is stuck!)
You give new meaning to the expression "new meaning."
These Stones have been around for 50 years and still haven't dissolved.
I pray that will not be the case for your husband.
"Pharaoh" was a metonymy for The King of Egypt, Much the same as "The White Hut" is a metonymy for the Lyin' King.
Thanks, Truthie!
And "Faggy Bottom" is a metonymy for the entire Obama Regime!
(cue Seinfeld voice) Not that there's anything wrong with it.
That photo of the Stones looks a lot like the bevy of female beauties the Pres has nominated over the past few years.....
They do look like lesbians.
(cue Seinfeld voice) Not that there's anything wrong with it.
OK. Who here is a fan of White Collar? Did you watch he season finale last night? What did you think of it?
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
Mostly bc they are pickled!
It would take more than a few "bevys" to make them beautiful.
Let go of the button!
And everybody knows that it's fun to be pickled!
It is 55 and clear, but it was 27 when I went out to hike at 6:30 this morning...
In attempting to coerce
Those they intend to rob
Obama says "the people"
Instead of "unwashed mob"
Whatever metonymy is used
By his minions don't matter-
The real "people" are fed up
And sick of all the chatter
Emperor's toadys eating crow
With a taste designed to linger
Might awaken them to the facts-
They are being given the finger...
....once again proving the boy king has no leadership and no clue.
Wolves would want nothing to do with that jackyl.
Looks like a whole jar of pickles!
We watched it, but arresting Peter? Really? And how did she go so wrong from CSI Miami to NYC?
Peter fired the gun, and the victim is dead from James' bullet. James vanished. She had to arrest Peter. But, she is a worm. The question is: will Peter be able to clear his name and get back into the FBI?
What did you think of putting the evidence from the box into a drone that flew it away from the empire State Building? Highly unlikely, I'd say. How did they control that drone and get it to home in on Neal's Central Park apartment at June's house?
What I think was eery is that the news reported a drone in the flight path of a plane landing at JFK airport yesterday. Coincidental?
My husband walked away from this one and said, "These plots are getting too complicated to watch."
Do you think Neal and Sarah will get together eventually? And poor Elizabeth gets stood up — AGAIN!
Wordsmiths never metonym they didn't like....
All I know for sure is that Sarah needs a burger. Way too skinny.
Thank you!
Wordsmiths never metonym they didnt like....
They never met Obama.
Yes. And it is not a pretty skinny.
I was hiking near the property of one of my woodworker neighbors this morning-he saw me and asked if I happened to have a couple of power tools he needed, because his broke-I just happened to have two of the items he mentioned, and I only need one of each. Long story short, I now have grocery money for a week or so, just by selling something I didn't use.
I've been tuned into Rand Paul's filibuster and he mopped up the floor with Reid's attempt to stop him just now.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

subset: commoncrawl


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Medical-Drugs, Pharmaceuticals, Consumer, Non-cyclical
Follow these portfolios. With Covestor you can see every trade these investors make with their own money & automatically follow them in your own account.
Studies quarterly and annual reports, looking for companies that have demonstrated the ability to grow sales, earnings, cash flows and book values consistently over multiple economic cycles. Long only and buys across all capitalizations.
Seeks to capture large cap stock mispricing opportunities due to market inefficiency, by continuously computing relative valuation of large cap stocks according to growth factors such as earnings growth rate, sales growth rate, p/e/g ratios, asset turnover rate, operating margin, debt/equity ratio, free cash flow, relative price strength, etc.
The Sparrow Capital Fund is a long/short equity portfolio that invests across market sectors, industries, and market capitalization ranges. The Sparrow Capital Fund's objective is to provide the most efficient risk/reward outcome over time. The strategy is intended to achieve market neutrality.
The Freedland Healthcare portfolio invests in healthcare-related stocks. It attemps to identify companies with reasonable valuations and good prospects for growth including ones that offer possible dividends to stockholders. These companies will range from drug, device, retail sales, electronic medical record, prescription services, and HMO/hospital companies. While emphasizing mid cap stocks, large cap and smaller capitalization companies may be included as well as emerging medical treatments/technologies.Companies selected for this portfolio are closely monitored. Stocks are typically acquired slowly. Freedland attempts to limit losses by selling losing positions quickly. In the same way, he will attempt to preserve capital by moving towards a cash position during weak market environments and towards equities during periods of market strength. The market environment will be assessed by observing the price behavior of the individual holdings within the portfolio itself.
Higher risk stocks have a greater expected return than lower risk stocks if investors rationally demand a proportional return for risk. Put another way, the risky long shot should pay off more than the safer favorite. However, there is evidence of a Low Volatility Anomaly possibly arising from behavioral biases leading many investors to over-weight risky stocks and under-weight safer stocks. Academic research into the anomaly contends that a portfolio of low risk stocks may generate higher returns than a portfolio of higher risk stocks.Our Low Beta strategy focuses on stocks that are boring, predictable, and thus more likely overlooked by investors seeking high risk/reward attributes.
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Reply 0 123456789123345869(06/27/2011) [-]
Unfortunately there is a big wall right above my staircase (where the master bedroom closet is) so if I did that this would happen: [url deleted]


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The new home of
17 reviews
Quiet locationWalking direct from the door
Set in a small hamlet, these carefully converted holiday cottages form a courtyard development where every care has been taken with the design, internal furnishings and their impact on the environment. Bell's Barn (prop ref 25899) stands detached from the other cottages and is suitable for wheelchair users. Just a short walk from Crakehall, claimed to be one of the prettiest villages in the Dales, with a large village green overlooked by an imposing manor house where cricket and quoits teams often play. Nearby, the historic town of Bedale, 2½ miles, offers a weekly market every Tuesday and various events during the year, together with a range of individual shops, restaurants and pubs. Masham, renowned for the Black Sheep Brewery, is 10 minutes' drive and Richmond with its Norman castle, Georgian architecture and thriving theatre is also easily accessible. Historic York and its many attractions is within easy driving distance. Alternatively, just enjoy the wonderful Yorkshire countryside either by car, bicycle or on foot. Shop and pub ¾ mile. Properties 25898, 25899, 25900 and 25901 can be booked together to accommodate up to 16 guests.
Ground floor: 1 double (5ft) bedroom with en-suite bathroom with shower over bath and toilet. Stone floor throughout. First floor: Living/dining room/kitchen with beams and wooden floor.
All properties: Woodburner in living room included. Underfloor central heating from ground source heat pump, electricity, bed linen and towels included. High chair by arrangement. Satellite TV. DVD. Electric cooker. Microwave. Washer/dryer. Shared drying room. Fridge/freezer. Wi-fi. Gravelled courtyard with paved area and furniture. Shared grassed area. Barbecue. Shared cycle store. Livery nearby (by arrangement). Parking (2 cars). No smoking. NB: Stream nearby.
7 reviews
Ground Floor: The property has oil central heating and comprises:Bedroom 1: With double bed and dressing area.Bathroom: With shower over bath, WC and heated towel rail.
First Floor: Open-plan living space: With wooden floor.Lounge area: Beamed with wood burner, 40" Freeview TV and DVD player.Dining area.Kitchen area: With ceramic hob, electric fan oven, microwave, fridge with ice box and dishwasher.
All oil, electric, bed linen and towels included. Initial fuel for wood burner provided. Wi-Fi. Welcome pack. 24 hour laundry service available. Courtyard with furniture. Parking (2 cars). Natural water supply. No smoking. NB: There is a small shallow ford 200 yards away. This property has a private water supply
11 reviews
Ground Floor: The accommodation is heated by electric storage heaters and comprises:Fully enclosed porch leading to...Kitchen/diner: with solid oak floor, halogen hob and electric oven, microwave, kettle, toaster, coffee machine, food mixer, larder fridge, dishwasher and washing machine.Sitting room: with solid oak floor, electric log effect stove, TV with Freeview, DVD player, CD/radio/i-Pod dock and free Wi-Fi.
First Floor: Stairs leading to first floor landing with three steps up to:Bedroom 1: spacious with king size bed, TV and DVD player.Bedroom 2: with 4ft bed.Three steps from the landing to:Bathroom: with electric shower over bath, separate hand held shower attachment, WC, basin, heated towel rail and shaver point.
All fuel, power, bed linen and towels included. Selection of books, local walking books, DVDs, CDs, jigsaws and games. Travel cot, highchair and upstairs stairgate available on request. Garage with chest freezer.Private and enclosed garden. Patio to rear of cottage with barbeque area. Gas barbeque and garden furniture provided. No smoking in the cottage. Private parking for one car to the rear of cottage but access is very narrow. Additional parking to front of cottage alongside village green.
8 reviews
Ground Floor: The property has electric central heating and comprises:Lounge: Spacious with beams, wooden floor, multi-fuel stove, 21" Freeview TV and DVD player.Kitchen: With tiled floor, electric cooker, microwave, fridge with ice box and washing machine.
First Floor: Bedroom 1: Beamed with double bed.Bedroom 2: With 2ft 6in single bed (for child).Bathroom: With shower over bath and WC.
All electric, bed linen and towels included. Initial fuel for multi-fuel stove provided. Internet access. Welcome pack.Enclosed garden with terrace, patio and furniture. Parking (1 car). No smoking.
16 reviews
All on ground floor: Living/dining room/kitchen with French doors. 2 bedrooms: 1 double (5ft), 1 twin. Wet room with toilet. Stone floor throughout.
Wheelchair access.
19 reviews
Ground floor: Living/dining room/kitchen. Separate toilet. Stone floor throughout. First floor: 2 bedrooms: 1 double (5ft) with en-suite shower room and toilet, 1 twin with en-suite bathroom with shower over bath and toilet.
13 reviews
Ground floor: Living/dining room/kitchen with patio doors. Separate toilet. Stone floor throughout. First floor: 3 bedrooms: 1 double (7ft) with en-suite bathroom with bath, double shower cubicle and toilet, 2 twin (one zip and link can be double bed on request), both with en-suite shower room and toilet.
Looking for something with a little more?
cottages.com is a trading name of Wyndham Vacation Rentals (UK) Ltd. Registered in England and Wales.
Registered Office: Spring Mill, Stoney Bank Road, Earby, Lancashire,BB94 0AA, UK
Company Registration Number 00965389. VAT Registration Number: GB 598 22 99 77
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cottages.com is the new home of cottages4you (Cottages for You).
cottages.com is a trading name of Wyndham Vacation Rentals (UK) Ltd. Registered in England and Wales.
Registered Office: Spring Mill, Stoney Bank Road, Earby, Lancashire,BB94 0AA, UK
Company Registration Number 00965389. VAT Registration Number: GB 598 22 99 77


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Where are the weather sealed lenses? (E-M5)
Started Oct 1, 2012 | Discussions thread
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D4ne • Forum Member • Posts: 92
Re: Where are the weather sealed lenses? (E-M5)
In reply to ThomCull • Oct 2, 2012
I think you might be SOL no matter what system you're using* if the canoe tips!
aside from the obvious underwater housings, etc.
ThomCull wrote:
I was never fond of the idea of adaptors, however I may just have to do that. It's not that I am often soaked on my trip, in fact very rarely, however there are often times when I do tip a canoe, or murphy's law comes swinging into action and I would appreciate having the added protection of weather sealing.
D4ne's gear list:D4ne's gear list
Olympus OM-D E-M5 Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm F1.4 Panasonic Lumix G X Vario PZ 45-175mm F4.0-5.6 ASPH OIS Panasonic 12-35mm F2.8
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A Recent Favorite:
Uh Oh, Nothing Here Yet
Why don't you go browse some Comics or Editorials and pick a few to favorite?
Recent Comments
Stocks are down because there is reason now to believe not only that the economy is rapidly improving, but also that it is on a sustainable path to longer-term growth. Because of this, the Fed might raise interest rates back to a more normal level (higher than almost nothing.) Because of this, the market reacted, and the reaction is most likely temporary. In other words, the market reacted to good news (and the likely – inevitable – consequence of that news.) Now I know how much right-wingers hate the idea of the economy improving while a democrat is in power, but please – get a grip.
@teb413 – 1. Everything you say is untrue, and 2. That is not what Obama's defenders say in response to the false accusations against him. But it is still true that Bush was the worst president in modern times and belongs in jail.
It's not free and it's supporters never said it was and never described it as such. What we said – and we're right – is that it's better than what we had (although not as good as the obvious and simple solution, single-payer, which delivers better healthcare at a much lower per-capita price than what we pay in EVERY SINGLE DEVELOPED DEMOCRACY that has it, which is most of them.) That "free stuff" thing is just lazy Republican slander. And it's the Tea Party people who are the parasites, as I've been pointing out for a while.
Nobody thinks it's "free stuff." That's not what we want and not what we are asking for. Only the right-wing anarchist nutbars present the demands for healthcare reform as a demand for "free stuff." What we want — and what we largely got with the ACA – is responsible reform that distributes the burden of universal, affordable healthcare across all segments of the public; since it is, after all, a public good. Single-payer would have been much better, as it has been PROVEN to deliver better results at lower cost than the for-profit insurance system. But that's been made impossible by the reactionary know-nothings of the right, of whom Mr. MccCoy is a prime example.
Can McCoy come up with ONE SINGLE REPORT of identity theft through the ACA web site? Just one? Of course, he also believes that voter fraud is rampant.
@Loy Wells: Single-payer is coming? Oh, how I wish! That's what we really need, and it's the obvious solution. It's also how EVERY SINGLE INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY that has it in place gets BETTER HEALTHCARE RESULTS at a FRACTION OF THE COST PER CAPITA than we do. In the meantime (I hope) the ACA is better than leaving health insurance to the for-profit market – which REALLY couldn't care less if you live or die, so long as its margins and executive salaries are good.
I guess you right-wingers are too stupid to grasp the point that the overall trend in the extent of arctic ice is DOWN – way down — and for a very good reason. Look, we know for certain that greenshouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the earth's atmosphere; we know for certain that burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases; we know for certain that the amount of greenshouse gases in the environment has been rising at an alarming rate since the beginning of the industrial age; and we do in fact know for certain that the earth is warming and that, over the last decades, arctic ice is disappearing. Climate change is NOT controversial among real scientists, only among the kind of people who don't believe in evolution (or who work for the Koch brothers and their bogus foundations.) Yet you people seem committed to just burning and burning and burning more and more NON-RENEWABLE resources? That is insane. And suicidal. Al Gore is and was perfectly right.
Actually, no, McCoy is once again factually incorrect, as he almost always is. Several of these identifiable people have in fact spoken loudly and publicly against the possibility of war with Syria. It's one of the more bizarre misconceptions of McCoy and his friends on the radical right that the left is worshipfully uncritical of Obama. The opposite is true; there is intense disappointment and even fury against Obama on the left, since he has governed really as a rather conservative Republican.
McCoy spent two years attacking Obama for inaction on Syria. Now that Obama wants to do something, McCoy attacks him for that. Typical Republican tactics — the country's interests don't matter, policy doesn't matter, the ONLY thing is attacking Obama for anything he wants to do. "Our NUMBER ONE PRIORITY is making Obama a one-term president." — Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, 2011. His NUMBER ONE priority? I wonder what priority doing what is right for the country has for McConnell, or for McCoy.


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KALAMAZOO, MI — As two of the top contenders in the Wolverine North, Otsego and Paw Paw entered the 2015-2016 season with high expectations.
And they've undoubtedly lived up to the hype so far.
Both teams have seven wins this season and Friday night's showdown is a crucial contest in the divisional race. The game, which is the Jan. 22 Kalamazoo Gazette Game of the Week, is set to tip off at 6 p.m.
Here are five things to watch:
Paw Paw's slow starts
Paw Paw (7-2) may have lost just two games this season, but the Redskins have needed to mount a comeback a few times because of slow starts. The same issue plagued the team last year and it could be an issue once again against Otsego, who is one of the best teams Paw Paw will have faced this year.
Otsego's defense
The Bulldogs have been one of the top defensive teams in the Kalamazoo area the past few years and not much has changed this season. Coach Tony Koshar and Otsego (7-3) still pride themselves on shutting down opposing teams on the defensive end, which often leads to easy buckets on the offensive end. Otsego has plenty of height and length.
Paw Paw's inexperience
Last year, when things got rough, Paw Paw leaned on star Chloe Salman. Salman has since graduated and while Paw Paw has still been successful, it takes a team time to adjust to losing a leader. What happens if Otsego builds a big lead and Paw Paw needs to make a comeback? What happens if it comes down to the final possession? We'll find out Friday night.
Balanced offenses
Salman scored the majority of Paw Paw's points last year. For Otsego, it was Allie Thiel leading the way. In their absence, both teams have developed a more balanced offensive approach. Each team possesses numerous players that contribute consistently, with also the ability to explode for a big night.
What's at stake?
Both teams sit at 3-0 in the Wolverine North and through the first half of the season, Paw Paw and Otsego have established themselves as the frontrunners for the division title. A win Friday night puts either team in the driver's seat with just four more division games remaining.
Justin Dacey covers sports for MLive Media Group and the Kalamazoo Gazette. Send him an email at email@example.com and follow him on Twitter: @JustinDacey.


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Gif Usage
A selection of articles related to gif usage.
Original articles from our library related to the Gif Usage. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Gif Usage.
- Namaste - Meaning and Usage
- The term Namaste is commonly used within new-age, yoga and reiki circles. It is a respectful greeting, both as a welcome and a saying good-bye. This Sanskrit word was brought to the western world by spiritual seekers in India and Nepal. I'm sure it has become...
Religion & Philosophy >> Religions
- The Theban Alphabet
- The Theban alphabet is used widely by Traditional Wiccans both ritually, and in their books of shadows. The first published reference to it is in Francis Barrett's The Magus , published at London in 1801. It is reputed to have been invented by Honorius of...
Religions >> Paganism & Wicca
- Subliminal Persuasion: Overview
- Since the 1950's, there has been enormous public concern over hidden messages in art, music, and advertising. Subliminal self-help tapes are a multi-billion dollar industry. Yet many psychologists claim that subliminal influence consists at best of...
Parapsychology >> Subliminal Persuasion
- Lavender: Solace and Majestic
- Lavender, the Herb of Air, My friend when I am in despair. I ask Earth's blessing to bestow, As I tend and watch you grow. Strong roots and dainty stems, Bring joy to life when pleasure dims. Wee green bud with purple top, All your uses never stop. From...
Herbalism >> Herbs dictionary L
- What is Subliminal Influence?
- The term subliminal is technically archaic , though it is still in common use. The problem is that it is hopelessly bound to the concept of a well-defined sensory threshold, a concept made obsolete by the introduction of signal detection theory into...
Parapsychology >> Subliminal Persuasion
- Tarot Cards Overview
- Tarot is made up of four suites of regular playing cards, each having 14 pieces of cards. What distinguishes a deck of tarot cards from conventional playing cards is a single card called the Fool.
Divination >> Tarot Cards
- The Internet as a Magical Tool
- Ever consider the internet as a magical tool? Often the most magical of tools are not the ones we keep on our altar, but the ones that surround us every day, in places we never thought to look. The internet is one of the fastest growing "entities"...
Paganism & Wicca >> Daily Life
Gif Usage is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Gif Usage books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- A Gif Guide to Android N: The Beginning of Something Great
- On Wednesday, Google launched Android Beta, a program designed to give developers (and other Android obsessives) a look at what's next for the world's most popular mobile operating system. For now, that means people can use the program to try ...
- New comment policy on Fear the Fin
- If you'd like to link to a gif or image that takes the user off the site or embed a tweet (since those don't autoplay) that's perfectly fine.
- Between Hashtags and Memes, Bolivian Leaders Push for Social Media Regulation
- The centered around allegations that military officials had sought to limit use of social media within the armed forces.
- The best paid iPhone and iPad apps on sale for free today
- The App let you listen to TXT file of almost any languages, so you are making good use of your time while waiting for buses, cooking in kitchen, or playing games, etc. You might need ....
- Why You Need to Download Adobe Flash Player
- It is compatible with many different browsers so you have more flexibility and convenience when it comes to usage. The latest version is available for ... The multimedia formats it supports include mp3, JPEG, GIF, PNG, FLV, and RTMP.
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|[CQ-Contest] So2R
|firstname.lastname@example.com (email@example.com)
|Sat Jan 25 23:28:01 2003
In a message dated 1/25/03 4:42:23 PM Greenwich Standard Time, firstname.lastname@example.com writes: << Packet is a 'trick of the trade' -- it has its own category for single ops. >> Packet is NOT a trick of the trade.....It IS getting active assistance in S/P ing for multipliers from another human being....a second or third op. Having the abiltiy to copy 60 WPM or to copy on one xcvr and tranmitting on a second xcvr IS a trick of the trade. The operator is not getting any active asssitance from another human being in copying 60 WPM or doing a two radio operation. If some guy is sitting there in the shack helping the operator find stations or copying the cw for him, that's a different story. Again, we heard all the stuff before back in the 80s when computer logging was coming into use....unfair advantage...blal blah blah. The computer sends CW. It changes the bands for the op. It keeps track of multipliers and dupes. It tells me beam headings. Jeez, some guys can even use it to turn their beams to the correct heading. Come to think of it, maybe we need another classification for operators with assistance from computers to turn their antennas. It sounds like an unfair advantage to me. I can't do it with my rotors. Bill K4XS
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No Problems
We've had two of these installed at 24x7 workstations for over a year and I plan to buy another. No network management, just simple switching between PC systems in a confined space. I've had no problems with switching or PS2 recognition at all. The Tripp Lite B004-008 has not failed yet. For just over a hundred dollars (not including cables) and free shipping, Buy.com and this KVM are a good combination if you just need a low cost, rack mount, easy to use KVM that holds up under multiple users 24x7.
Was this review helpful to you?YESNO


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Cowboys simplifying Romo's responsibilities
Cowboys trying to simplify Tony Romo's duties at the line of scrimmage before each snap.
By JON MACHOTAFS Southwest
IRVING, Texas – Bill Callahan said Thursday that the Cowboys coaching staff has talked recently about lightening the load on Tony Romo.
The Cowboys offensive coordinator and offensive line coach said the staff is trying to simplify Romo's duties at the line of scrimmage before each snap.
"Simplifying not only the play-call but what we're doing within the realm of the play-call," Callahan said.
Like Tom Brady and Peyton Manning do in their offenses, Romo exits the huddle with several options, giving him the ability to change plays before the ball is snapped.
"What you want to be able to do is limit a little bit of that because it can get out of hand sometimes, not that it has, but it just allows the quarterback to function a little bit freer," Callahan said. "When you're trying to get everybody together and steady everybody and get more consistency and better execution sometimes the answer is try to pull back a little bit so that you can do a little bit better. Less is better in our minds.
"We're trying to get to that point but we're not taking things away from Tony and what he does best because he has great command of the system. He does an outstanding job of communicating calls and changing plays. He has a real uniqueness that I've found since watching him play since I've been here, he really studies defenses and knows what checks to get into and knows what switches to pull to get us in the right play. I don't think we're trying to take that away from him by any stretch."
So how do you simplify it for Romo after the ball is snapped?
"Hand it off," Callahan joked. "No, just kidding. … I think Jason [Garrett] and Wade Wilson do a great job with his reads in the passing game. It's simplistic, it's not very complicated, his progression is pretty simple. We try not to make it really taxing on him mentally. He has a good feel for it."
Follow Jon Machota on Twitter: @jonmachota


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| Clip Of Senate Session, Part 1 This clip, title, and description were not created by C-SPAN.
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Fort Lauderdale Cardinal Gibbons High School QB Mike Greco got a visit from coaches Larry Coker and Dan Werner during the spring evaluation period.
QB Hopes To Impress UM Coaches At Camp
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MDU seeks more customers for proposed Bakken gas pipeline
By Ernest Scheyder
NEW ORLEANS (Reuters) — MDU Resources Group Inc is looking for more natural gas producers to sign up to use a planned $650 million pipeline that would transport the fuel through North Dakota to Minnesota, the company's chief executive said on Monday.
The company in January launched a 120-day period for prospective customers of the pipeline, the largest project in the company's history, to sign supply agreements to transport natural gas.
"We're encouraged by the reaction of the marketplace, but I'd be getting ahead of myself if I said we're ready to build," Dave Goodin, MDU's chief executive, said during an interview at the Howard Weil energy conference in New Orleans.
"We need some binding commitments."
Goodin declined to specify how much business the proposed pipeline has inked so far.
"Ideally, we'll be oversubscribed," he said.
Given that roughly a third of all natural gas produced in North Dakota's Bakken shale is fl ared, pressure has been strong from political and environmental groups to build new pipelines. Yet with the cost of natural gas near decade-lows, producers have been reluctant to spend significant amounts of money to address the issue.
The pipeline would connect with similar pipelines from TransCanada and others, letting the natural gas be transferred farther and access even more markets.
All natural gas pipelines out of the Bakken are at capacity and MDU's pipeline would create more transportation options for producers.
The open season-period ends May 30 and at that time MDU will begin deciding whether to build it.


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text:
ATLANTA -- The Cleveland Cavaliers had every reason to fold. Four of their top seven scorers were sidelined by injuries. This was the second of back-to-back road games.
But LeBron James stepped up as expected. Damon Jones hit two huge shots down the stretch. And journeyman Ira Newble had his best game of the season.
James scored 26 points despite a sore thumb, and Newble chipped in with a season-best 18 to help the Cavaliers withstand an Atlanta rally in the final quarter for a 100-95 victory Friday night.
"It was a big win," James said. "Having four of our top seven guys out, we needed everybody to step up."
Trying to match their season high with a fourth straight win, Atlanta rallied for the lead on an 11-0 run. But James and the short-handed Cavaliers showed plenty of heart.
"I'll tell you, it was a tough, gritty win for us," coach Mike Brown said.
Jones put the Cavaliers ahead to stay on a drive with 3:29 remaining, set up by a pass from a double-teamed James. Jones followed with the biggest shot of the game, a 3-pointer from the corner that made it 94-89 and left him strutting in front of Atlanta's courtside fans.
James did the rest.
He slipped inside of Marvin Williams to grab an offensive rebound, then put it back in to give Cleveland a 96-91 lead with 1:19 remaining. Then, James grabbed a rebound off Joe Johnson's miss, firing a pass ahead to Newble for a breakaway dunk that clinched it with 18 seconds to go.
James also had 11 rebounds and seven assists. Afterward, he looked as though he'd just been through a fight, sitting at his locker with wraps on his right thumb and both knees, while his feet were submerged in a bucket of ice.
"LeBron was LeBron," Brown said. "He did what he does for us, which is score, rebound and dish out assists."
Johnson led the Hawks with 23 points, while Marvin Williams added 21.
The Hawks, who trailed by as many as 14, appeared to have Cleveland on the ropes with those 11 straight points. Josh Smith went in for a thunderous jam, was fouled and finished off the three-point play that gave Atlanta an 85-84 lead with 7:18 left.
But the Hawks couldn't keep it going.
"It was a wonderful opportunity to move up in the standings, but we didn't answer the bell," coach Mike Woodson said.
Cleveland was without Daniel Gibson, who strained his right hamstring the previous night in a loss at Houston, and Drew Gooden was still unable to play after straining his right groin earlier in the week. The Cavaliers already were without Sasha Pavlovic and Anderson Varejao, both sidelined by longer-term injuries.
But Newble came up huge. He eclipsed his previous best this season, a 15-point effort against Boston on Tuesday, by hitting 8-of-12 from the field, including a couple of 3-pointers. He also grabbed eight rebounds.
"It doesn't always look the best," James said of his teammate, "but Ira is really effective."
Newble started at guard against the Rockets, then moved up to play forward on Friday.
"I have no clue what Ira is," Brown said. "I just tell him to go play."
Zydrunas Ilgauskas had 17 points and 11 rebounds, helping the Cavaliers get off to a fast start. Hughes chipped in with 15 points, and Jones had 13.
Cleveland appeared to be pulling away in the second quarter. Hughes scored nine points in the period, including a long 3-pointer that gave the Cavaliers their first double-digit lead, 53-42. They stretched the margin as high as 13 before settling for a 59-50 edge at the break.
The Hawks missed their first five shots of the third quarter, and Cleveland made it 67-53 lead on Ilgauskas' tip-in.
But the Cavaliers weren't exactly burning up the nets, either. On four straight possessions later in the third, Eric Snow missed a layup, Hughes fired up an airball from the corner, Ilgauskas bricked a jumper off the backboard and Devin Brown put up another airball.
"It was a game we should've won," Johnson said, "but there was a little lack of focus."
- Hughes stubbed his toe with just over five minutes remaining and didn't return.
- The Hawks wore their blue road uniforms, even though they were the home team.
- This was the third and final meeting of the season between the teams; Cleveland had a 2-1 edge.
- With James in town, the Hawks drew an overflow crowd of 19,335, their fourth sellout of the season.
- An exchange between Hawks coach Mike Woodson and referee Bennett Salvatore during the second quarter. "I know my man's a rookie, but are you telling me he didn't get fouled?" Woodson asked, referring to Ilgauskas' block on Atlanta's Al Horford. After listening to Bennett's explanation, Woodson replied, "That ain't right."


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Kevin Alexander has come up big for the Union County Tigers all season long, and now as the regular season has capped off he turns his attention to leading the Tigers through a playoff run.
Alexander looking forward to re-match
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2016 Undergraduate Summer Sessions
2016 Graduate Summer Sessions
Ten-week term:
May 16 – July 22
Twelve-week term:
May 16 – August 5
Eight-week term:
May 16 – July 8
June 13 – August 5
Six-week term:
June 13– July 22
1st Six-week term:
May 16 – June 24
1st Four-week term:
May 16 – June 10
2nd Six-week term:
June 27 – August 5
2nd Four-week term:
June 13 – July 8
NOTE: The official start date of the 2016 summer session has been changed from May 16th to May 9th. The May 9th start date only pertains to select 1-credit hour lab offerings which run from May 9th through May 13th. The change does NOT change the session dates listed above. All summer sessions will begin and end on the dates cited above. Course dates are listed on the class search schedule.
Welcome to the James Madison University summer session information entry point. This Web site is intended to serve as easy access to summer session information for all students, those currently enrolled with JMU and non-degree seeking students interested in taking courses during the summer.
The summer session offerings at James Madison University make it easy for you to plan ahead. Many of JMU's most popular and high demand courses are offered in the summer. We offer traditional classroom formats, online formats and study abroad summer opportunities. Understand, however, summer sessions cover the same amount of material as in a sixteen-week term during the academic year, so come prepared for an intensive classroom experience. Current JMU students enroll in summer courses as per their registration appointment. Summer-only students may begin enrolling May 1, 2016 if they have completed the application process.
If you are currently a JMU student, this website will allow you to access information about the summer schedule so you may plan in advance for your fall and spring semester courses.
Register via MyMadison as you do any other semester. You will receive your enrollment appointment for summer session in March. In order to help you plan your future semesters, you will find a listing of all courses regularly offered during the summer sessions. Understand, however, these courses are a guideline and not a guarantee that you will be enrolled in the course. As we approach the middle of the spring semester, you will also find special courses offered by each department.
To find your JMU summer class, go to Course Listings and then enroll via MyMadison.
If you have been admitted for the fall semester but would like to start your academic career with JMU in the summer, contact one of the following offices to have your admit term changed to the summer term.
Please note: If you intend to take a mathematics class at JMU, you must complete the MathPlacement Exam prior to enrolling. Learn more about the JMU Placement Exams at http://www.jmu.edu/transfers-1st-semester
Summer-only students are those currently not seeking a degree from JMU but who wish to take a course during the summer session. These students may include, but are not limited to:
· students who attend another college or university (undergraduate or graduate level) and wish to transfer the credit received to their home school
· high school students
· teachers and school administrators
· international students
· individuals not seeking a degree who want to enhance their personal knowledge
Summer-only students must repeat the application process every summer. To find a JMU summer course, go to the JMU Summer Session Course Listings.
Once you find the course for you, you must first complete the Application Process and then proceed to the Enrollment Process.
Summer-only students may enroll in classes beginning May 1st.


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Index of content:
Volume 98, Issue 11, 01 December 2005
Interface structure and perpendicular exchange bias in multilayers98(2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2137878View Description Hide Description
We have performed a critical experimental evaluation of the dependence of both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and exchange bias on the structure of the ferromagnet (FM)/nonferromagnet and FM/antiferromagnet interfaces of and multilayers. The growth of these heterostructures by ion-beam sputtering was optimized and the characteristics of their interfaces were systematically controlled by varying the ion-beam energy from 250 to 1500 eV. Calculated effective anisotropy constants and exchange bias fields from hysteresis loops were correlated with both structural roughness and the degree of interdiffusion measured by x-ray reflectivity. Whilst the physical roughness remained unchanged, the degree of interdiffusion was found to increase with higher ion-beam energy—concurrently the magnetic anisotropy changed from perpendicular to in plane—leading directly to a decrease in exchange bias and coercivity.
Local strain and potential distribution induced by single dislocations in GaN98(2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2137879View Description Hide Description
The presence of a threading edge dislocation terminated at the surface of GaN bulk substrates causes a dipole-like strain state ranging over a several micrometer square area. The local strain state is derived from microphotoluminescence mappings of the near-band-edge spectrum and is quantitatively reproduced by a three-dimensional elastic deformation model approach. These results are compared with the local electrical potential distortion due to the core charge and attracted defects as analyzed by scanning surface-potential microscopy. In contrast to the local strain, the potential profile does not show a dipole-like behavior and decreases laterally faster.
Doping a molecule with potassium atoms: A theoretical study98(2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2126781View Description Hide Description
We study the doping of a free molecule by potassium atoms. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory indicate that K atoms are fairly strongly bound to the carbon cage. The electrical conduction of the structure is also enhanced after each successive doping of K. We also observe a downward shift of energy levels toward the Fermi energy with the increase of doping. These properties are very consistent with experimental results. The K-doped structure is promising for applications in molecular electronics.
Temporal position encoding photoacoustics: A technique for surface absorber mapping98(2005); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2140079View Description Hide Description
A nondestructive photoacoustic method for the evaluation of surface absorber distributions is presented. Ultrasound generated by absorption of a pulsed laser source is detected using optical beam deflection. Temporal encoding of the spatial absorber distribution is achieved using a nonparallel orientation of the probe beam relative to the sample surface. Sound waves launched from individual surface absorbers travel different distances before interacting with the probe beam, thus giving rise to acoustic signatures at different times. With this approach, we resolved eleven identical absorber features in a 3–cm-wide sample. Decreasing the probe beam diameter enhances the temporal and/or spatial resolution. A limiting spatial resolution of is predicted. The sound wave intensity decays in a roughly inverse square-root manner with increasing distance of travel.