text:
Caught In The Trap
A young couple who just moved to Gloucester with relatives from New York.
Photo of someone taking a Group Selfie in the tree
A young couple who just moved to Gloucester with relatives from New York.
Photo of someone taking a Group Selfie in the tree
Wonderful new video from Lisa Smith and Becky Tober, Gloucester's Giant Lobster Trap Christmas Tree and Menorah ~ Celebrating the Holidays Gloucester Style featuring David Brooks, Jim Dowd, Avery McNiff, Jill Wach, our Joey, and many more!!
Thanks for capturing this moment for the girls and I Desi
this is the view inside the Lobster Trap Tree- AMAZING!
Check out the Lobster Trap Tree On The Gloucester Daily Times Website Here
A new feat in lobster pot tree engineering–we can walk inside the tree!
Lotus caroling at the tree lighting
Another view from inside the tree
Cat Ryan submits-
Hi Joey-
Cool interactive gateway this year on Cape Ann Art Haven lobster trap design! Great photo op for everybody.
If we ever have buoy overflow –or enough requests and funding– wouldn't it be great to hang the buoys with the wreaths downtown? We used to have gold buoys with the wreaths.
The wreaths at the train station and along Railroad Avenue look wonderful this year with the new sidewalk.
I've never seen the lobster trap tree lighting, but today I was determined. After the 5pm lighting, I walked to the nearby bus stop, and was ten minutes early. Twenty minutes after the pickup time, still waiting, cold and shivering with my walker, I hobbled back to the gallery. What to do? I called Gloucester Taxi (978-283-0099) for a ride home to Rockport. It cost $11 plus tip ($5). I had a nice and smooth ride with driver Scott. Although CATA is 99% reliable, keep a $20 bill in your wallet, along with the Gloucester Taxi business card.
GloucesterCast 104 Featuring Guests Kim Smith, Donna Ardizzoni and Host Joey Ciaramitaro Taped 11/16/14
Topics Include: Free Grand Prix Of Gloucester Cyclocross Rapha T-Shirt For One Of The First Ten Verified GloucesterCast Subscribers- Subscribe Here, Congratulations To Pat Conant Winner Of Facebook Contest, Thanks To Paul Morrison For Fresh Limes, Good Egg James Fiahlo Copper Dory Planter Raises $350 For Paul Russo Brain Cancer Foundation– High Bidder From Gayle Piraino GAP Promotions is the High Bidder, Clean Gloucester and The One Hour At A Time Gang Cleans First Parish Burial Ground, Revitalization Of Magnolia Continues, The Chesire Cat, The Magnolia Consignment Store,Chef From the Patio Now At Magnolia Pub, Sawyer Free Library, Passports Wine Dinner Coming Up This Thursday, Electricity Rate Wrinkle, Arthur Bevalaqua, Solar Panels, Gloucester Clam Ads Turn Out To Be A Positive, The Idea That Unless You Are Losing Money You Are A Bad Person, The Football Post, Over Prescribing Drugs To Control Kids,Science All Around Us, Nubar Alexanian, Tom Ellis, Paul Boudreau, Turducken Is Out, What Will This Year's Thanksgiving Food Fad Be, The Chateau's Fried Ravioli, Joey's Favorite Things- Krups Coffee Grinder, Bonavita Pourover Coffee Maker, Contigo Autoseal Coffee Travel Mug, Prynt , Taste Of Magnolia, Lillian LoGrasso's Event, Lobster Trap Tree, Shop Rockport, TBT Post, Alpaca Sweaters, Brother's Brew Will Be Open For Shop Rockport, Marshall's Farm Stand, Thank You To Nichole's Family To-Do Post, Joppa Flats, Ruby and Luke McElhenny and Dax Who Was Named After Dax Shepard, The Alpaca's That Eat You.
Subscribe to Get The GloucesterCast Podcast by Email For Free
Click to Listen to The GMG Podcast On Stitcher Radio On Demand For Free
If anyone would like to help take down our beautiful Lobsta Trap Tree, please come by at 9:00 this morning. It is actually fun to do this and most important to help out.
December 7, 2013, 11:00 AM
We're always excited to discover a Christmas tree that isn't a "tree" at all. Like the one made of wine bottles at Seattle's Hotel Vintage Park, the 2,130-foot tall "tree" of lights on the side of Italy's Mount Ingino, and Lithuania's recycled plastic bottle spruce. But for more than a decade, a new holiday tradition has been brewing in some of New England's most charming coastal towns: lobster trap Christmas trees. And the competition to build the best of the bunch has gotten heated. We're not about to get in the middle of a friendly fishing village rivalry, but take a look at the different ways in which five towns are putting their personal stamps on the lobster trap tree trend.
Click here for the entire story
I believe we've already chimed in year after year on the matter- the evidence is clear and the people have spoken. Sane people prefer our Lobster Trap Tree decorated by sweet adoring children from the Gloucester Community with heart felt appreciation for our lobster industry and hard working fishermen to the abominations seen below.
Don't forget to bring your children down to Art Haven to paint a buoy to adorn the tree. That's what separates our lobster trap tree from all those horribly disfigured monstrosity lobster trap trees up in Maine that are all simply built out of generic traps and cheap pre-made ribbons imported from China and manufactured in sweat shops with unfair labor practices.
Here we go folks, the fourth year of our fair and balanced GMG Lobster Trap Tree poll-
Gloucester's Lobster Trap Tree Decorated With Hand Painted Buoys By The Loving Appreciative Children Of Gloucester MA-
Provincetown lobster trap tree adorned with cheap imported Chinese pre-made slave labor ribbons-
Isn't Provincetown where all the gays are? I know the gays are better than this, much more creative and artistic. Be better Provincetown, you're not representing well here- at all.
Then you got the terribly disfigured one from Maine where it looks more like a Christmas Spike than a Christmas Tree-
GloucesterCast Taped 12/1/13 With Host Joey Ciaramitaro and Guests Toby Pett and Amandacakes
Topics Include: Family Cookie Day, Turducken, ChromeCast, Downtown Gloucester Ladies Night, The Hive Gift Wrapping Service, Buoy Painting, Lobster Trap Tree, Rockland Maine's Lobster Trap Spike, Favorite Gloucester Breakfasts, Sugar Mag's, Lobster Land, Sailor Stans, Mamie's Kitchen, Charlie's Place, George's Coffee Shop, Willow Rest, Best House Made Hash, West Indian Hash, Reader Subjects, Cruise Ships, Beauport Princess, Thanksgiving Dinner, Turkey Pot Pie, Sista Felicia On Cover Of Cape Ann Magazine, Mariposa, Lowell Peabody Call-Out, New GMG Technical Jackets, Manchester Athletic Club Holiday Fair
Purchase- GMG Caps, Technical Jerseys, Hoodies, Dry Fit Shirts Here- http://gmg.storenvy.com/
Lobster Trap Holiday Tree Cards benefit Cape Ann Art Haven. Click here to order your cards today! Limited Edition, and only 20.00 for a set of ten blank cards, with envelopes included.
Recently Rebecca Borden, President and Interim Executive Director of Cape Ann Art Haven, was asked by Conde Nast Traveler to provide background information on Gloucester's lobster trap tree for an online slideshow they are preparing about New England's lobster trap Christmas trees. Rebecca shared with me the same information for a Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism post on which I am working. Especially as the tree has become a holiday tradition beloved by all, I thought our GMG readers would love to know the story as well.
Rebecca writes ~
"Our tree is about 45′ tall and is built from 350 traps. We go for quality community engagement experience over height alone. The idea behind the tree began in 2001 by Janice Lufkin Shea, a downtown business owner. Jeff Worthley started it and built it for 10-years and then handed it off to David Brooks, founder of Cape Ann Art Haven and Ed Collard from the Cape Ann Chamber of Commerce.
No one "owns" the tree. Local lobstermen donate their traps and volunteers work to build it. The fire department uses their hook and ladder to set the star at the top. It is truly an event that brings out the best in the Cape Ann community and that's why Cape Ann Art Haven has played a leadership role making it happen for the last six years. Cape Ann Art Haven is a community space where artists of all ages and abilities are encouraged to develop creativity and confidence through hands on learning and collaboration.
We close off Main Street for our tree lighting ceremony because we have so many people and families that attend the event. I cannot put an exact number on those who show up but its in the hundreds. Everyone loves the tree – it is a beloved symbol of our winter holiday season.
One of the things that makes our tree unique is that we have children paint donated buoys the week before the tree lighting ceremony. Last year we had more than 440 buoys painted by children – it's a really big deal for them. The buoys are then used as "ornaments" to decorate the tree. When the tree comes down in January, we keep the buoys and auction them off as a fundraiser for Cape Ann Art Haven where they can go as high as $450 each. We also have local artists create specialty buoys and those have gone as high as $750 each."
Bex submits-
All the traps are on loan from local lobstermen.
Volunteers dedicate a weekend to building the tree.
Children paint buoys as "ornaments" to decorate the tree. Buoy Painting is December 14 and the Tree Lighting Ceremony is 4:30 – 5:00 on December 14.
When the tree comes down in January, the buoys are saved and auctioned off as a fundraiser for Cape Ann Art Haven on January 24th @ Gloucester Cruiseport.
Thank you to Awesome Gloucester for awarding Cape Ann Art Haven $1000 towards the Lobster Trap Tree and Buoy Painting Week!
So many volunteers today, Maryanne, Rich Bean, B.J. Mohan, Steve Douglas, Bree and her daughter, Patrick Kelly, Rick Moore, Oliver Cleary, Ed Collard, Melissa Cox, Andrew NiCastro, Peter Asaro, Little Jeremiah, Justin, and dad Tim, Nick Zagami and Heather Smidt (they are from Waltham and FOB's), David Brooks and Donna Ardizzoni, a big THANK YOU. It was another fun ways to spend 5 hours. If I missed anyone to thank please forgive me.
Rich Bean Submits This Photo-
After the thanks are handed out and the lobster trap tree is lit in the dead cold of the middle of winter the arduous task of taking the lobster trap trree has to take place. Thank you to all of those who pitch in to help take it down.
Hopefully Ed or David or Donna or Bex has a list of those that contributed their efforts, taking it down


text: How To Get Your Vote Registered for Election 2013 in Pakistan TO REGISTER You must be over the age of 18 You must have a National Identity Card (NIC) issued by NADRA REGISTRATION PROCESS Go to your nearest Office of Assistant Election Commissioner / Registration Officer located in your area. If you do NOT know where your closest office is located, you can find out by contacting the Election Commission of Pakistan at (051) 920 1975 or (051) 920 6062 and asking them the address and phone number of the closest office to you. You can also contact 1217 to get the same information. Once at the office, collect a "Voter Registration Form" and fill it out in full. Basic information will be required as well as a Photocopy of National Identity Card as well as Proof of Residence – this includes any kind of utility bill (electricity, gas, water or telephone). Once complete, submit the form and you're DONE! More than one person can get registered on one form so remember to bring your family and friends. Get everyone registered and make your voices heard! PLEASE NOTE: Your vote will be registered to the address written on the National Identity Card. For example if you are registering in Karachi and your home address is in Lahore, you will have to vote in Lahore. For Overseas Pakistani's Overseas Pakistanis are allowed to be registered by their family, friends or relatives who live in the area of your residence in Pakistan. The process is simple roughly the same however please note! Any Citizen of Pakistan can get registered as voter anywhere in Pakistan and can cast their vote if he or she is in Pakistan during the time of elections. You must be IN PAKISTAN to cast your vote! AFTER REGISTRATION After you have submitted your registration form, in a few days confirm to make sure YOU ARE ON THE VOTER LIST! This can be done by many ways. You can obtain the "Voter List" from the Assistant Election Commissioner/Registration Officer. Check to see whether your name is on the list. You will also be able to see the "Voter List" on the Election Commission's website, but it's currently unavailable (what a surprise) Once you have confirmed you are registered, you will be able to vote in the Federal and Provincial elections anytime Get your vote registered as soon as possible and play a vital part in shaping a better future for Pakistan. Register Your Vote! Contact Details of All Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) Representatives: Election Commission did not visit my house, my vote is still not registered! In case no representative from ECP visits your house till 30th sept, you must contact ECP or your local PTI organizer. Election Commission Contact: Address Secretary Office Telephone Election Commission Of Pakistan Secretariat, Election House (+92)(51)(9201975) (+92)(51) (9206062) Constitution Avenue G-5/2 Fax Islamabad (+92)(51) (9205402) (+92)(51) (9205300)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thanksgiving Day games have not been good recently, but I expect different this year. There are three good matchups, as the Lions, Packers, Cowboys, Dolphins, Ravens and 49ers are all respectable teams.
This week, divisional races will become more convoluted. Especially the NFC East. No one wants to win, so the Eagles will come and snatch it.
After this week's games I will have the total win/loss record of myself and the B/R "experts." We will see who picks better...a player or a blogger.


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Bennington man accused of failing to comply with sex offender registryMarch 02,2013BENNINGTON — A Beech Street man is facing a felony charge after police said he failed to comply with the terms of the sex offender registry earlier this year.
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According to the affidavit, Pinsonneault admitted to Silvestro on Feb. 4 that he was no longer living on Union Street and had been living on Beech Street for more than two weeks.
Silvestro said that Pinsonneault told him during an interview at the Bennington Police Department on Feb. 5 that he "simply forgot to send the registry a change-of-address form."
Pinsonneault, who pleaded innocent Monday, was released without bail.MORE IN This Just InWindsor and Hartford earned the top seeds when the Division III and I football pairings were... Full StoryEven to skeptics, the presidential campaign of Sen. Full StoryThe opioid overdose crisis is rapidly becoming the No. 1 issue facing Vermonters. Full Story
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My last top 20 list was a total fiasco, i believe its now time to review my opininos about the top wrestlers and focus more on my articles.The criteria will be mic skills ,crowd reaction and technical wrestling.I will also have in mind skills like strenght and agility.I hope you enjoy my list and i hope you appreciate my attempt to improve it.I will be doing it in 4 parts because i prefer to focus on small parts to
improve the quality
My new top 20 wrestlers of all time list.(20-15)
By Dynamite Bill ,
My last top 20 list was a total fiasco, i believe its now time to review my opininos about the top wrestlers and focus more on my articles.The criteria will be mic skills ,crowd reaction and technical wrestling.I will also have in mind skills like strenght and agility.I hope you enjoy my list and i hope you appreciate my attempt to improve it.I will be doing it in 4 parts because i prefer to focus on small parts to
I will start by saying I will not take in mind the Benoit tragedy in my rankings.Chris Benoit was a great technical wrestler that could make any opponent look good.He had everything , from mic skills to charisma.Chris debute at WWE at 2000 as a member of the Radicalz.He started as a heel but after leaving the Radicalz he became a babyface.He won his first title a month after WrestleMania of 2000 after pinning Chris Jericho for the Intercontitnental title.He had famous feuds, the best of his feuds was with Triple H and Shawn Michaels.Chris Benoit won a variety of titles.He was:
1 time World Heavywight champion
1 time WWE tag team champion
3 time U.S champion
4 times Intercontinental champion
3 time World tag team champion
Edge in my humble opinion is the best heel of the 2000s he is a great technical wrestler and an amazing heel.Edge debuted at 1998 and quickly formed a famous team with Christian.He won his first title on July 24 of 1999 after defeating Jeff Jarret for the Intercontinental title.Edge made a great career at both singles division and tag team division(with Christian).He has got great mic skills and he is one of the most charismatic ever to step in the ring.
Edge has won a lot of titles,he is:
5 time World Heavyweight champion
12 times World tag team champion
4 time WWE/F champion
2 time WWE tag team champion
5 time Intercontinental champion
Ricky Steamboat was a phenomenal wrestler probably one of the greatest ever.Ricky debuted WWF at 1985 with the nickname the Dragon, he was a babyface back then.He won his first title after defeating Randy Savage for the Intercontinental title at WrestleMania 3. Ricky left WWF in 1988 but returned in 1991 but left the same year.At 2005 the dragon come once more at the WWE until 2009.Ricky was a rare talent,the fact that he didn't win any major titles shows only how underrated he was.At WrestleMania 25 he proved what a great wrestler he is ,after although 56 years old he setup a match against Chris Jericho that made a lot of the current superstars being ashamed of their performance. Ricky was a 1 time Intercontinental Champion.
Randy Savage was trully one of a kind.I trully believe he had the ability to setup a fantastic match.Randy debuted in 1985 .He won his first singles title after defeating Tito Santana for the Intercontinental title on February 24 1986.He teamed with Hogan at the 1987s and form the Megapowers.In 1989 he became the Macho man.Randy has won some titles.He is:
2 times WWF champion
1 time Intercontinental champion
Triple H is one of the greatest Today and obviously one of the best of all time.The king of kings debuted WWE in 1995 and in 1997 he formed together with Chyna,Ricky Rude,Helmslay and Shawn Michaels DX.Triple H won his firSt title in 1996 after defeating Marc merco for the Intercontinental title.Triple H had various great feuds.Some of his great feuds are with Batista,Mick Foley and Chris Benoit.He also had a good feud with Randy Orton.Triple H isn't the king of kings for nothing.He is a:
5 time World Heavyweight champion
5 times Intercontinental champion
2 time European champion
8 times WWE champion
1 time WWE tag team champion
Foley brought the revolusion at the hardcore matches we all love.He debuted in 1996 and became famous because of his multiple personalities.Foley had a great feud with Triple H and he also took part in the best match of all time against Undertaker at a Hell in a Cell match.He had great mic skills and he is a true legend.Foley is a:
3 times WWE champion
8 times tag team champion


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Guy walks through a table
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
University Of Sunderland
A selection of articles related to university of sunderland.
Original articles from our library related to the University Of Sunderland. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on University Of Sunderland.
- Subliminal Persuasion: References
- (1957). " Persuaders' Get Deeply 'Hidden' Tool: Subliminal Projection " Advertising Age , Vol 37, page 127, September 16, 1957. Benes, Kathryn M.., Gutkin, Terry B., Decker, T. Newell, (1990) "The effects of mellow and frenetic music on...
Parapsychology >> Subliminal Persuasion
- Hyperspace Reality
- Despite the fact that the 'new' physics, a godchild of the Einsteinian revolution has taught us that the Universe we perceive is a mere shadow of a vastly more unpredictable one, most of us still view the world in a distinctly materialistic way. A world where...
Modern Science >> New Physics
- Bringing it Down to Earth: A Fractal Approach
- 'Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.' B. Mandelbrot W e want to think about the future - it's our nature. Unlike other creatures, humans possess an...
Mystic Sciences >> Astrology
- Martin Luther
- Martin Luther was a German theologian, a priest and a monk, a scholar and a writer. He was the leading figure of the Protestant Reformation.
Saga of Times Past >> Biography
- Hypnosis: A Selected Bibliography
- Index of bibliography sections Selected Periodicals (14 entries) Edited Overviews of General Theories of Hypnosis (5 entries) Specific Topics Related to Research into Hypnosis. General single-author overviews, non-special-state views, social andexperimental...
Parapsychology >> Hypnosis
- History of Egyptian Medicine and Philosophy
- When medical knowledge past is considered, lack of aseptic technique, pain-killing drugs and antibiotics are an accepted part of our modern legend of these ancient healing practices. You will find that none of this is true when it comes to Ancient Egypt....
Religions >> Egyptian
University Of Sunderland is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, University Of Sunderland books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- SEGi offers degree programmes in partnership with University of Sunderland
- SEGi College Penang principal Cheah Teong Keat (second right) posing with the heads of the various schools (from left) Dr Joshua Loo Tech Khun, Puvintharan CM, Kelvin Tang Lim Tek and R.K. Krishnamoorty.
- Oscar and BAFTA winning film producer to visit Sunderland University
- Having worked with the likes of Robert De Niro, Jeremy Irons, and John Malkovich, the former head of Columbia Pictures will draw on his childhood memories and career experiences in the University of Sunderland talk next week (March 15).
- WATCH: Would you like to study new cosmetic science degree at Sunderland
- The University of Sunderland has designed its new cosmetic science degree around the science-led industry, which focuses on how the skin and body works, to produce innovative and improved products that respond to environmental and lifestyle changes.
- Great North Big Band Jazz Festival returning to Sunderland
- The Great North Big Band Jazz Festival is heading back to the University of Sunderland for the 13th year. With more than 600 musicians taking part over the weekend, we are looking forward to another exciting and outstanding festival this year. Festival ...
- Sunderland University Football 1sts lose cup final
- University of Sunderland Football men's 1sts were defeated 1-0 in the Northern Conference Plate final yesterday to Liverpool 3rds at Lancaster.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
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(aka Wonderberry) Apparently bred by Luther Burbank in the early 1900s; distributed by John Lewis Childs as Wonderberry. Great controversy ensued over the plant's provenance and true identity, and Burbank's reputation was badly damaged. Prolific bushy plants loaded with small, slightly sweet, dull blue berries.
You should start plants indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost date for transplanting them into the garden. Plant them outdoors 2-4 weeks after your last expected frost.
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Monica Lewinsky is out to teach Beyoncé a thing or two after the pop star included an inaccurate reference to her in a song lyric.
Bill Clinton's former White House intern, now 40, has written her first tell-all column about her notorious affair with the US president.
In the Vanity Fair piece, she criticises Beyoncé's recent track, "Partition", requesting the singer make a correction.
The third verse of the sexually-explicit hit includes the lyric: "He popped all my buttons and he ripped my blouse/ He Monica Lewinski'd all on my gown."
Lewinsky wrote in response: "Thanks, Beyoncé, but if we're verbing, I think you meant 'Bill Clinton'd all on my gown,' not 'Monica Lewinsky''d'."
Said "gown" is infamous as the blue dress Lewinsky wore during sexual relations with Clinton when she was 22.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, Beyoncé has yet to reply to Lewinsky's comment. She is not the only one to reference the Lewinsky scandal in her music. Eminem went there in 2013's "Rap God" and Kid Cudi, Migos, Kanye West and Raekwon have all name-dropped her too.
Lewinsky penned the revealing article after vowing to stop "tiptoeing" around the past. "I am determined to have a different ending to my story," she said. "I've decided, finally, to stick my head above the parapet so that I can take back my narrative and give a purpose to my past."
The Lewinsky Scandal In Pictures
The Lewinsky Scandal In Pictures
1/11 Greeting guests: Monica Lewinsky in 1997.
2/11 Lewinsky attends a White House function with Clinton in 1997.
3/11 The now infamous blue dress, among other gifts given to Lewinsky by Clinton that would be used as evidence in his impeachment trial.
4/11 Lewinsky leaves court on 20 August, 1998, after testifying before a grand jury investigating Clinton.
5/11 A handwritten note to Clinton by Lewinsky that would be later counted on as evidence in his 21-day Senate trial.
6/11 Marcia Lewis, the mother of Monica Lewinsky, prepares to meet reporters on February 10, 1998, outside of the US District Courthouse in Washington.
7/11 Clinton's lawyer, Robert Bennett, addresses the press outside the courtroom on March 5, 1998.
8/11 Lewinsky is escorted by police officers, federal investigators and her attorney, William Ginsburg, as she leaves the Federal Building May 28, 1998.
9/11 The impeachment hearing in progress in November 1998.
10/11 Clinton apologises to the nation for lying to them over his affair with Monica Lewinsky in December 1998
11/11 Monica Lewinsky escorted to her hotel in New York, ahead of her video taped deposition to Republican prosecutors.
Lewinsky's story is renowned worldwide, with chart-topper Miley Cyrus even performing a Lewinsky imitation during her Bangerz tour.
The "Wrecking Ball" singer can be seen appearing to simulate oral sex on a Bill Clinton impersonator before continuing with the relentless twerking she is known for.


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Political differences between Assemblyman Andy Goodell (R-C-I) and his opponent, Barrie Yochim (D-WF), may be reflected in third-party endorsements that both candidates recently received.
Goodell recently received the endorsements of the Conservative Party with 1,949 enrolled members and the Independence Party with 4,817 enrolled members, while Yochim received the endorsement of the Working Families Party with 454 enrolled members.
Goodell notes that much of the political strength of the Conservative Party is in the more rural upstate counties, while the ultra-liberal Working Families Party is based primarily in the New York City and other urbanized areas.
Both the Conservative Party and the Working Families Party have well-defined positions on many of the most controversial issues, and their positions are almost diametrically opposed. Based on these endorsements, the two assembly candidates likely have significantly different views of many key issues.
The Conservative Party supports lower taxes and smaller government, including lower taxes on individuals and businesses. It believes that New York needs to be more competitive to increase the number of jobs and discourage companies from relocating to other states.
By contrast, Goodell noted, the Working Families Party supports higher taxes on manufacturing companies and wealthy individuals to pay for larger government and more social welfare programs, and it opposed the substantial tax cuts contained in the 2014 state budget.
The Conservative Party opposes using tax dollars to pay for college degrees for prison inmates or college tuition assistance for illegal immigrants, while the Working Families Party supports both programs.
The Working Families Party supported the SAFE Act and opposes any amendments to the SAFE Act, while the Conservative Party opposed the SAFE Act and wants it substantially amended or repealed.
The Working Families Party supports using tax dollars to fund political campaigns, claiming that public funding of campaigns will increase the number and quality of candidates. The Conservative Party opposes raising taxes to pay for personal political campaigns and cites the extensive fraud and abuse related to a similar program in New York City that has resulted in several criminal indictments.
Not surprising, the Conservative Party supports traditional family values, while the Working Families Party leads the fight to allow transgender individuals to use any public bathroom or shower regardless of their physical anatomy.
Likewise, the Working Families Party supports expanding the availability of late term abortions until the baby is actually born, a position opposed by the Conservative Party.
Ironically, both parties have expressed concerns over the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, but for opposite reasons. The Conservatives are concerned over the federal government's intrusion into the daily lives of individuals who are now forced to buy health insurance, while the Working Families Party believes that the Affordable Care Act did not go far enough toward implementing "actual socialized medicine."
The Independence Party in Chautauqua County prides itself in endorsing candidates based on their assessment of the ability of the candidates to help Chautauqua County residents and improve New York State, regardless of political affiliation. Historically, the Independence Party has endorsed Republicans and Democrats, depending on the strengths of the candidates.
Assemblyman Goodell said, "I am very pleased to receive the Conservative Party and Independence Party endorsements because they reflect my priorities and my ability to fight for lower taxes for individuals and business, a more business-friendly environment that is key to creating more jobs in Chautauqua County, a stronger educational system, higher local education aid, welfare reform and traditional family values."


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Comment Some things to try (Score 1) 3
Have you tried the following:
First you need to press windows key and R at the same time. Type gpedit.msc and press enter. Once in the group policies editor you need to go down the structure as follows:
Computer Configuration --> Windows Settings --> Security Settings --> Local Policies --> Security Options.
In here you need to find 1 setting and change it. That would be Accounts: Guest account status and make sure to enable this account.
You of course still need to shut off password protected sharing as well.
After you apply those you will be able to file share with ease.
If you are simply trying to access a directory on the Windows 10 host without passing any authentication details this should simply be a case of:
1) right click the DIR on Windows 10.
2) select PROPERTIES.
3) select sharing then SHARE.
4) add EVERYONE.
5) select SHARE.
At this stage any host on your network should have access to the share.
You can MAP as drive using:
net use x: \\host\share
Does that help ?


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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
All Pervading
A selection of articles related to all pervading.
Original articles from our library related to the All Pervading. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on All Pervading.
- Of Master and Discipline
- Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Commentary Part 1 The following is a fictional account of a spiritual awakening with a factual basis. This five part series is offered to promote and encourage the practices of the World Mind Society, making the...
Mind >> World Mind
- Manifesting World Enlightenment: Part 3
- One of the very best ways to raise personal or group consciousness, is to MANIFEST spiritual Intentions into the environment at large. The projection of love into one's surroundings for instance, results in love being reflected back to the sender, like...
Mind >> World Mind
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 2
- WORKING TO LIVE RATHER THAN LIVING TO WORK Before the dawn of recorded history, a major period of transition occurred. Nomadic hunter-gatherer clans transformed themselves into larger communities who farmed the land. This they did by planting their own...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
- Starting with Jesus and the Christian Path...
- During the years of the historical Jesus' life, there are eight or nine years that his whereabouts are not accounted for. Meaning these are the 'lost' years. It was after returning that he truly began to teach his wisdom. Many scholars believe he was in India...
Religion & Philosophy >> Religions
- Bringing it Down to Earth: A Fractal Approach
- 'Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.' B. Mandelbrot W e want to think about the future - it's our nature. Unlike other creatures, humans possess an...
Mystic Sciences >> Astrology
- Our Pagan Village: The Importance and Persuit of Honor
- Candlelight flickers over the Beltaine revels. Food is laid out in the circle for the feast. Only one rule – no one can feed themselves. Each is dependent on friends and loved ones for sustenance, joy and delight. After an hour of laughter and revels and way...
Paganism & Wicca >> Daily Life
All Pervading is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, All Pervading books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Lying in state for over 6 months All pervading trust deficit
- Lying in state since August 31/September 1 last year. The nine bodies at Churachandpur, that is.
- Suburban living may be less 'green' than it appears
- BOSTON – Tall buildings loom over traffic filled streets in Boston as litter-strewn sidewalks and gutters add their accents to the exhaust fumes pervading certain parts of downtown on a typical day.
- Colonial aftertaste: Curry's conquests, from Victorian cookbooks to modern TV
- Then Stein launches into it: "There's something about a curry that's all-pervading. Just the thought of it ignites a longing deep inside us.
- Blue signifies all pervading, infinity which has no limits. It has no shape. Shiva does not have a body.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
All Pervading Topics
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Taming Information-Stealing Smartphone Applications (on Android) Yajin Zhou , Xinwen Zhang , Xuxian Jiang , and Vincent W. Freeh 1 1 Department of Computer Science, NC State University yajin firstname.lastname@example.com, {jiang,email@example.com 2 Huawei America Research Center email@example.com Abstract. Smartphones have been becoming ubiquitous and mobile users are increasingly relying on them to store and handle personal in- formation. However, recent studies also reveal the disturbing fact that users' personal information is put at risk by (rogue) smartphone applica- tions. Existing solutions exhibit limitations in their capabilities in taming these privacy-violating smartphone applications. In this paper, we argue for the need of a new privacy mode in smartphones. The privacy mode can empower users to flexibly control in a fine-grained manner what kinds of personal information will be accessible to an application. Also, the granted access can be dynamically adjusted at runtime in a fine-grained manner to better suit a user's needs in various scenarios (e.g., in a dif- ferent time or location). We have developed a system called TISSA that implements such a privacy mode on Android. The evaluation with more than a dozen of information-leaking Android applications demonstrates its effectiveness and practicality. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that TISSA introduces negligible performance overhead. Keywords: smartphone applications, Android, privacy mode 1 Introduction Mobile phones are increasingly ubiquitous. According to a recent Gartner re- port [2], in the third quarter of 2010, worldwide mobile phone sales to end users totaled 417 million units, a 35 percent increase from the third quarter of 2009. Among the variety of phones, smartphones in particular received incredible adoption. This trend is further propelled with the wide availability of feature- rich applications that can be downloaded and run on smartphones. For example, Google provides Android Market [1] that contains a large collection of Android applications (or apps for short). It is important to note that these app stores or marketplaces contain not only vendor-provided programs, but also third-party apps. For example, Android Market had an increase from about 15,000 third- party apps in November 2009 to about 150,000 in November 2010. Given the increased sophistication, features, and convenience of these smart- phones, users are increasingly relying on them to store and process personal information. For example, inside the phone, we can find phone call log with in- formation about placed and received calls, an address book that connects to the user's friends or family members, browsing history about visited URLs, as well as cached emails and photos taken with the built-in camera. As these are all private information, a natural concern is the safety of these data. Unfortunately, recent studies [9,8,13,3] reveal that there are malicious apps that can be uploaded to the app stores and successfully advertised to users for installation on their smartphones. These malicious apps will leak private information without user authorization. For example, TaintDroid [9] shows that among 30 popular third-party Android apps, there are 68 instances of potential misuse of users' private information. In light of these privacy-violating threats, there is an imperative need to tame these information-stealing smartphone apps. To fulfill the need, Android requires explicit permissions in an app so that the user is aware of the information or access rights that will be needed to run the app. By showing these permissions to the end user, Android delegates the task to the user for approval when the app is being installed. However, this permission mechanism is too coarse-grained for two main reasons. First, the Android permission mechanism requires that a user has to grant all the requested permissions of the app if he wants to use it. Otherwise the app cannot be installed. Second, if a user has granted the requested permissions to an app, there is no mechanism in place to later re-adjust the permission(s) or constrain the runtime app behavior. To effectively protect user private information from malicious smartphone apps, in this paper, we argue for the need of a new privacy mode in smartphones. The privacy mode can be used to lock down (or fine tune) an app's access to various private information stored in the phone. More specifically, if a user wants to install an untrusted third-party app, he can control the app's access in a fine- grained manner to specify what types of private information (e.g., device ID, contracts, call log, and locations) are accessible to the app. Further, the user can flexibly (re)adjust at runtime the previously granted access (e.g., at install time). As a demonstration, we have implemented a system called TISSA that im- plements such a privacy mode in Android. Our development experience indicates that though the privacy mode support requires modifying the Android frame- work, the modification however is minor with changes in less than 1K lines of code (LOC). We also have evaluated TISSA with more than a dozen of Android apps that are known to leak a variety of private information. Our results show that TISSA can effectively mediate their accesses and protect private informa- tion from being divulged. Also, the privacy setting for each app is re-adjustable at runtime without affecting its functionality. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes our system design for the privacy mode support in Android. Section 3 presents its detailed prototype. Section 4 presents evaluation results with a dozen of information- stealing Android apps as well as its performance overhead. Section 5 discusses the limitations of our approach and suggests future improvement. Finally, Section 6 describes related work, and Section 7 summarizes our conclusions. 2 Design of TISSA 2.1 Design Requirements and Threat Model Design Requirements Our goal is to effectively and efficiently prevent private information leakage by untrusted smartphone apps. Accordingly, to support the new privacy mode in smartphones, we follow several design requirements to balance privacy protection, system performance, user experience, and application compatibility. Lightweight Protection: Smartphones are usually resource constrained, espe- cially on CPU, memory, and energy. Therefore, it naturally requires that our security mechanism should be memory- and energy-efficient. Also, the perfor- mance overhead of the solution should not affect user experience. Application Transparency: The privacy mode should also maintain the compat- ibility of existing Android apps. Accordingly, we may not change APIs currently provided by the default Android framework. Also, from the usability perspec- tive, it is not a good design to partially grant permissions at install time or later revoke permissions at runtime. This is because when a permission is taken away or does not exist, the app may suddenly stop or even crash. As a result it could interfere with the normal execution of the app and hurt the user experience. Small Footprint: Built on top of existing Android framework including its security mechanisms, the privacy mode support should minimize the changes necessary to the Android framework. Threat and Trust Model As our purpose is to prevent private information from being leaked by untrusted apps, we assume user downloaded third-party apps as untrusted. Note that although our scheme can be equally applicable to pre-installed apps on the device, we assume they are benign from privacy protection perspective and will not release private data of the device without authorizations. These pre-installed apps include those from device manufacturers or network operators. In addition, we also trust the underlying OS kernel, system services, and the Android framework (including the Dalvik VM). Aiming to have a minimal modification to the Android code base, our system is designed to build on top of existing Android security mechanisms, which include the primitive sandbox functions and permission enforcement of Android [11,16]. Naturally, we assume that an untrusted app cannot access system resources (e.g., filesystem) or other apps' private data directly. Instead, they can only be accessed through the nor- mal APIs provided by various content providers or service components in the Android framework. Fig. 1. The TISSA Architecture. 2.2 System Design In a nutshell, TISSA provides the desired privacy mode on Android by devel- oping an extra permission specification and enforcement layer on the top of existing Android permissions. As shown in Figure 1, TISSA consists of three main components. The first one is the privacy setting content provider, which is a privileged component to manage the privacy settings for untrusted apps. In the meantime, it also provides an API that can be used to query the current privacy setting for an installed app. If we consider TISSA as a reference mon- itor, the privacy setting content provider is the Policy Decision Point (PDP). The second component is the privacy setting manager, which is a privileged app that a mobile user can use to manage or update the privacy settings for installed apps. Therefore, it acts as the Policy Administration Point (PAP) in TISSA. The third component is privacy-aware components, including those content providers or services that are enhanced in a privacy-aware manner to regulate the access to a variety of user's personal information, including contacts, call log, locations, device identity. These privacy-aware components are designed to cooperate with the first component. In particular, once they receive requests from an app to access private data they manage, they will query the privacy settings, and re- sponse to the requests according to the current privacy settings for the app. In other words, they function as the Policy Enforcement Points (PEPs) in TISSA. As a result, there is only one instance of PDP and PAP while multiple PEPs exist and they are integrated with individual content providers or services in the Android framework. To further elaborate how TISSA works, when an app tries to read a piece of private data, it sends a reading request (arrow 1 in Figure 1) to the corresponding content provider. The content provider is aware of the privacy requirement. Instead of serving this request directly, it holds the request and makes a query first to the privacy setting content provider (arrow 2) to check the current privacy settings for the app (regarding the particular reading operation). The privacy setting content provider in turn queries its internal policy database (arrow 3) that stores user specifications on privacy settings of all untrusted apps, and returns the query result back to the content provider (arrow 4). If this reading operation is permitted (stored in the policy database), the content serves the access request and returns normal results to the app (arrow 5). This may include querying its internal database managed by the content provider. However, if the reading operation is not permitted, the privacy setting may indicate possible ways to handle it. In our current prototype, we support three options: empty, anonymized, and bogus. The empty option simply returns an empty result to the requesting app, indicating "non-presence" of the requested information. The anonymized option instead provides an anonymized version from the original (personal) information, which still allows the app to proceed but without necessarily leaking user information. The bogus option on the other hand provides a fake result of the requested information. Note these three options may be further specialized for different types of personal information and be interpreted differently for different apps. Accordingly, the apps will likely behave differently based on the returned results. As a result, mobile users need to be aware of the differences from the same app under different privacy settings and exercise different levels of trust. Through TISSA, we currently provide three levels of granularity for privacy policy specifications. In the first level, a policy defines whether a particular app can be completely trusted. If yes, it is given all requested accesses through the normal Android permission mechanisms. If not, TISSA provides the second level of policy specification, where one particular setting can be specified for each type of personal information the mobile user wants to protect. Note that it is possible that one app may access one type of personal information for its legitimate functionalities, but should be denied to access other types of information. For example, the Yellow Pages app (Section 4) may be normally allowed to access the current location but the access to phone identity or contacts should be prevented. Also, for the non-trusted access to other personal information, the third level of policy specification specifies the above empty, anonymized, and bogus options to meet different needs. For example, for a call log backup app, we do not want to give the plain-text access to the call log content, but an anonymized version. For a Coupon app (Section 4), we can simply return a bogus phone identity. 3 Implementation We have implemented a proof-of-concept TISSA system based on Android ver- sion 2.1-update1 and successfully run it on Google Nexus One. In our current prototype, we choose to protect four types of personal information: phone iden- tity, location, contacts, and call log. Our system has a small footprint and is extensible to add the support of other personal information. In the following, we explain in more details about the system implementation. 3.1 Privacy Setting Content Provider The privacy setting content provider is tasked to manage a local SQLite database that contains the current privacy settings for untrusted apps on the phone. It also provides an interface through which a privacy-aware component (e.g., a location manager) can query the current privacy settings for an untrusted app. More specifically, in our current prototype, the privacy-aware component will provide as the input the package name of the requesting app and the type of private information it is trying to acquire. Once received, the privacy setting content provider will use the package name to query the current settings from the database. The query result will be an app-specific privacy setting regarding the type of information being requested. There are some design alternatives regarding the default privacy settings. For example, in a restrictive approach, any untrusted app will not be given the access to any personal information. That is, we simply apply the empty or even bogus options for all types of personal information that may be requested by the app – even though the user approves all requested permissions when the app is being installed. On the contrary, a permissive approach may fall back to the current Android permission model and determine the app's access based on the granted permissions. To provide the compatibility and transparency to current apps, our current prototype uses the permissive approach. Beside the API interface used to query the privacy settings for a given app, there exists another API interface (in the privacy setting content provider) through which the privacy setting manager can use to initialize or adjust privacy settings in the policy database. Similarly, the input of this interface includes the package name of a target app and its privacy settings. The output will be the confirmation to the requested initialization or adjustment. Because our policy database stores actual privacy settings for untrusted apps, the security itself is critical. In our prototype, we leverage the existing Android sandbox and permission mechanisms to protect its integrity. Specifically, the database file is a private data file of the privacy setting content provider (thus with the same UID in filesystem). Other apps have different UIDs and will be denied to access it directly. To further restrict the update capability of the database via corresponding API, we declare a dedicated Android permission (in the privacy setting content provider) with the protection level of signature. This means that the permission will only be granted to apps signed with the same certificate as the privacy setting content provider. In our prototype, the privacy setting manager is the only one that is signed by the same certificate. In total there were 330 LOC in the privacy setting content provider imple- mentation. 3.2 Privacy Setting Manager The privacy setting manager is a standalone Android app that is signed with the same certificate as the privacy setting content provider. As mentioned earlier, by doing so, the manager will be given the exclusive access to the privacy setting (a) A list of installed apps (b) The privacy settings for the YellowPages app Fig. 2. The Privacy Setting Manager. database. In addition, the manager provides the visual user interface and allows the user to specify the privacy settings for untrusted apps. We stress that the privacy setting here is orthogonal to the permissions that the user has granted at the app install time; that is, the privacy setting manager provides a separate setting for the privacy mode. In particular, the manager app includes two activity components. The default one is PrivacySettingManagerActivity, which when activated displays a list of installed apps. The phone user can then browser the list and click an app icon, which starts another activity called AppPrivacySettingActivity and passes the app's package name. When the new activity is created, it queries the privacy setting content provider for the current privacy settings and displays the results to the user. It also has radio buttons to let user customize or adjust the current settings. Any change of the settings will be immediately updated to the policy database via the privacy setting content provider. In Figure 2, we show the screenshots of the manager app, which show the list of installed app (Figure 2(a)) and the privacy setting for the Yellow Pages app (Figure 2(b)) In total there were 452 LOC in the privacy setting manager implementation. 3.3 Privacy-Aware Components The third component in our prototype is those privacy-aware Android compo- nents, including the contacts content provider, the location manager, and the telephony manager. These Android components are enhanced for the privacy mode support. Fig. 3. Protecting Contacts in TISSA. Contacts and Call Logs: Figure 3 shows the flowchart for the contact infor- mation that is being accessed. Specifically, when an app makes a query to the contacts content provider, the request is received by the content resolver, which checks whether the app has the permission (based on existing Android permis- sions). If not, a security exception is thrown to the app and the access stops. Otherwise, it dispatches the request to the contacts content provider, which in the privacy mode in turn queries the privacy setting content provider to check if the requesting app can access the contacts data. If the app is allowed, the con- tacts content provider then queries its own database and returns back authentic contacts to the app. The dotted line in Figure 3 encloses those components that also exist in the original Android. The rest components (outside the dotted area) show the additional components we added for the privacy mode support in Android. From the privacy setting database, if the app is not trusted to access the requested data, the contacts content provider will respond differently: an empty setting returns an empty contact record; an anonymized settings returns an anonymized version of the contact records; and an bogus setting simply returns fake contact information. By doing so, we can protect the authentic contacts information from being leaked by this untrusted app. In the meantime, as the app is given different results, the mobile user should expect different app behavior and exercise different levels of trust when interacting with the app. Phone Identity: Mobile phones have unique device identifier. For example, the IMEI and MEID numbers are unique identities of GSM and CDMA phones, respectively. An Android app can use the functions provided by telephony service to obtain these numbers. As a result, we hook these functions and return a device Table 1. Detailed Breakdown of Android Modification in TISSA Component Name LOC 330 Privacy Setting Provider Application Management Program 452 LocationManager & LocationManagerService TelephonyManager 61 ContactsProvider (Contacts&Call Log) 48 Total 988 ID based on the current privacy setting for the requesting app. For example, in the case of the Yellow Pages app (Figure 2(b)), we simply return a bogus phone identity number. Location: There are several location content providers in Android to provide either coarse-grained or fine-grained information (e.g., based on different devices such as GPS and Wifi). However, for an app to obtain the location, there are two main ways: First, it can obtain the information from the related devices through the LocationManager; Second, an app can also register a listener to receive location updates from these devices. When there is a location change, the registered listener will receive the updated location information. Accordingly, in our current prototype, we hook related functions to intercept incoming requests. To handle each request, we query the privacy setting for the initiating apps and then respond accordingly. Using the same Yellow Pages app example, our current setting (Figure 2(b)) returns the authentic location information. Our TISSA development experience indicates that the privacy mode support in Android involves no more than 1K LOC implementation. As a result, we be- lieve our approach has a small footprint – satisfying our third design requirement (Section 2). The detailed breakdown of revised components in Android is shown in Table 1. 4 Evaluation We use a number of Android apps as well as standard benchmarks to test the ef- fectiveness and performance impact of our system. Some of the selected Android apps have been known to leak private information [9]. Our testing platform is Google Nexus One that runs the Android version 2.1-update1 enhanced with the TISSA privacy mode. 4.1 Effectiveness To evaluate the TISSA effectiveness in preventing private information leakage by untrusted apps, we choose 24 free apps from the Android Market at the end of November 2010. (The complete list of tested apps is in Table 2.) Among these 24 apps, 13 of them (marked with †in the table) are known to be leaking private information as reported from the TaintDroid system [9]. The remaining 11 apps are randomly selected and downloaded from the Android Market. Most of these apps require the permissions for locations (ACCESS COARSE LOCATION Table 2. Example Apps for TISSA Effectiveness Evaluation T hird-party Apps (24 in total) Location Phone Identity Contacts Call Log † † † The Weather Channel ; Movies ; Horoscope ; Layar ; Coupons ; Trapster ; Alchemy; × × Paper Toss; Disney Puzzle; Find It; (10) Wertago ; Yellow Pages ; DasTelefonbuch ; † † × × × × RingTones ; Knocking ; (5) Wisdom Quotes Lite ; Classic Simon Free; Wordfeud FREE; Moron Test:Section 1; × Bubble Burst Free; (5) † Astrid Tasks ; (1) × CallLog; Last Call Widget; × × × Contact Analyzer; (3) or ACCESS FINE LOCATION) and phone identity (READ PHONE STATE). Also, one third of them require the access of contacts and call log (READ CONTACTS). In our experiments, we divide these apps into two sets. The first set has the 13 apps that are known to be leaking private information and the second set has the remaining 11 apps. While both sets are used to verify the transparency of TISSA to run apps, we use the first set to evaluate the effectiveness of TISSA. In the second set, we use TISSA to capture suspicious access requests from these apps and then verify possible information leakage with the TaintDroid system. Before running the experiments, we turn on restrictive privacy policy as the default one, i.e., not trusting any of these apps in accessing any personal information. If a particular app requires the user registration, we will simply create a user account and then log in with the app. Our results with the first set of information-leaking apps show that TISSA is able to effectively capture the access requests from these untrusted apps to private data and prevent them from being leaked. As a demonstration, we show in Figure 4 two experiments with the same app named Wisdom Quotes Lite: one without the TISSA protection (Figure 4(a)) and another with TISSA protection (Figure 4(b)). Note that this app has declared the permission to access the phone identity, but this information will be leaked to a remote data server. The evidence is collected by TaintDroid and shown in Figure 4(a). In particular, it shows that the app is sending out the IMEI number to a remote server. From the log, we can see that the data sent out is tainted with the taint tag 0x400, which indicates the IMEI source. The destination IP address is xxx.59.187.65, a server that belongs to the company that developed this app. The leaked IMEI number (354957034053382) of our test phone is in the query string of HTTP GET request to the remote server. After confirming this leakage, we use the privacy setting manager to adjust the phone identity privacy for this app to be bogus. Then we run this app again. This time we can find (Figure 4(b)) that although the app is sending an IMEI number out, the value sent out is the bogus one, instead of the real IMEI number – this is consistent with our privacy setting for this app. As another example, an app named Horoscope requested the permission of reading current locations. However this app's functionality does not justify such (a) The leaked IMEI number without TISSA (b) The leaked IMEI number with TISSA Fig. 4. Experimenting with an Android App Wisdom Quotes Lite. need. In our experiments, we find that phone location information is leaked by this app (confirmed with TaintDroid and the leaked information was sent to a remote server xxx.109.247.8). Then we use the privacy setting manager to adjust the location privacy to be empty, which means the location service neither returns the last known location nor updates the new location to this app. We then re-run this app and do not find the true location information leaked. In the experiments with the second set of apps, we use the default restrictive privacy policy and enable the bogus option for the phone identity. Interestingly, we observe that among these 11 apps, seven of them accessed the phone identity information. We then re-run them in TaintDroid and our results successfully confirm the information leakage among all these 11 apps. From the same set, we also confirmed that two of them leak location information. As a result, among the two sets of total 24 apps, 14 of them leak location information and 13 of them send out the IMEI number. Six of them leak both location and IMEI information. With TISSA, users can select the proper privacy setting and effectively prevent these private information from being leaked. We point out that although no app in our study leaks the contacts and call log information, they can be similarly protected. Specifically, we can simply adjust the privacy setting of an app which has the READ CONTACTS permission to be empty, then any query from the app for contacts will be returned with an empty contact list. Also, our experiments with these 24 apps indicate that they can smoothly run and no security exceptions have been thrown to affect the functionalities of these apps, which satisfies our second design requirement (Section 2). 4.2 Performance To measure the performance overhead, we use a JAVA benchmark – Caffeine- Mark 3.0 – to gauge Android app performance and the resulting scores from the benchmark are shown in Figure 5. Note that the benchmark contains a set of programs to measure the app runtime (in particular the Dalvik VM) overhead. From the figure, we can see that there is no observable performance overhead, which is expected as our system only made minor changes to the framework and the Dalvik VM itself was not affected by our system. 2,000 1,800 1,600 Android with TISSA 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 Caf400neMark 3.0 Score 200 0 sieve loop logic float string method overall CaffeineMark 3.0 Benchmark Fig. 5. The Result of CaffeineMark 3.0 Benchmark. In summary, our measurement results on performance indicate that TISSA is lightweight in successfully supporting the privacy mode on Android, which meets our first design requirement. 5 Discussion We observe that giving bogus private information could be problematic for some apps. For example the Weather Channel app needs to access the device location information to provide the weather forecast of a particular area. If the user chooses the bogus option for its access to this information, it will certainly not work as intended (even though the program does not crash and still functions). One possible enhancement is to provide accurate, but low-fidelity data. With the same app example, it can work equally well with an approximate location. In fact, a simple approximation option could return a random location within a radius (say 10 or 100 miles) of the current location. This indicates that our system can be readily extended to support much finer-grained access than currently demonstrated in this paper. Also, for efficiency, TISSA only uses one single privacy setting for one type of private information. This can be further extended to provide finer access to user data. An example will be to release some personal information, an option between empty and anonymous. From another perspective, current application development can be improved to provide more contextual information to better help users to make the decision. Though the risk is still on the mobile user side, a privacy-aware app developer can offer alternative mechanisms to obtain private information, such as by providing a UI with necessary context information to justify the need for the access and asking the user to provide the required input (e..g, a ZIP code). We also note that TISSA is not a panacea for privacy protection. For an app that backs up user contact data to a remote server, the user usually grants the access to the app. However, there is no assurance that the data will not be transferred to elsewhere or be stolen. Our solution does provide an anonymized option for lightweight protection. Specifically, when an app reads the contacts data, based on the anonymized setting, the privacy-aware component can return an encrypted version with a key specified by the user or derived from a password. Therefore, even if data are leaked during transfer or at the server side, the clear- text information is not released. However, due to the resource constraints on mobile phones, the encryption for anonymization cannot be sufficiently strong as desired. With TISSA enabled, a mobile user can specify privacy settings for installed apps at anytime. Furthermore, the privacy setting can be integrated with the application installer of Android, i.e., the privacy setting manager can be acti- vated by the installer whenever a new app is installed. However, we note that TISSA fundamentally does not provide mechanisms or solutions to help user understand and reason about permission requirements for individual apps. To further improve the usability of TISSA, several approaches can explored. For example, as our future research directions, we can include additional contextual or guiding information to facilitate the privacy setting. Also, we can provide privacy-setting templates to reduce the burden on mobile users. This can be done by applying certain heuristics with the consideration of a device's location [5] or an app's category. 6 Related Work Privacy issues on smartphones have recently attracted considerable attention. A number of research efforts have been conducted to identify private data leak- ing by mobile apps. TaintDroid [9] and PiOS [8] are two representatives that target Android and iOS platforms, respectively. Specifically, TaintDroid [9] uses dynamic taint analysis to track privacy data flow on Android. It first taints data from privacy information sources, and then integrates four granularities of taint propagation (i.e., variable-, method-, message-, and file-levels). When the data leaves the system via a network interface, TaintDroid raises an alert (Figure 4) with log information about the taint source, the app that sends out the tainted data, and the destination. PiOS [8] instead applies static analysis on iOS apps to detect possible privacy leak. In particular, it first constructs the control flow graph of an iOS app, and then aims to find whether there is an execution path from the nodes that access privacy source to the nodes of network operations. If such path exists, it considers a potential information leak. From another perspective, Avik [6] presents a formal language to describe Android apps and uses it to formally reason about data flow properties. An automatic security certification tool called ScanDroid [12] has been developed to extract security specifications from manifests that accompany Android apps, and then check whether data flows through those apps are consistent with those specifications. Note that these systems are helpful to confirm whether a partic- ular app actually leaks out private information. However, they are not designed to protect user private information from being leaked, which is the main goal of our system. On the defensive side, Kirin [10] is a framework for Android which extracts the permissions from an app's manifest file at install time, and checks whether these permissions are breaking certain security rules. The security rules are man- ually defined to detect undesired combination of Android permissions, which may be insecure and misused by malicious programs. As a result, Kirin aims to enforce security check at install time, while our system provides a lightweight runtime protection (after an app is installed). As with our research, Apex [14] utilizes the Android permission model to constrain runtime app behavior. However, there are three key differences. First, they share different design goals. The main objective of Apex is to restrict the usage of phone resources (e.g., when and how many MMS messages can be sent within a day), instead of the exclusive focus on personal information leakage pre- vention in our system. Second, by design, Apex limits itself to current available permissions but allows for selectively granting permissions at install time or pos- sibly revoking some permissions at runtime. In comparison, our privacy settings is completely orthogonal to current Android permissions. Third, as mentioned earlier, one undesirable consequence of Apex in only partially granting requested permissions is that it may throw security exceptions to a running app, causing it terminate unexpectedly, which violates our second design requirement and is not user-friendly. Saint [15] is another recent work that allows an app developer to provide a security policy that will be enforced (by the enhanced Android framework) to regulate install-time Android permission assignment and their run-time use. Security-by-Contract [7] similarly allows an app to be bound to a contract, which describes the upper-bound of what the app can do. Notice that these security policies or contracts need to be provided during application development, not by mobile users. As a result, it is unclear on how they can be applied by mobile users to customize the privacy protection. MockDroid [4] allows users to mock the access from an untrusted app to particular resources at runtime (by reporting either empty or unavailable). The mocked access can be naturally integrated into TISSA as another privacy setting option on smartphones. 7 Conclusion In this paper, we argue for the need of a privacy mode in existing smartphones. The need comes from the disturbing facts that (rogue) smartphone apps will intentionally leak users' private information. As a solution, we present the de- sign, implementation and evaluation of TISSA, a privacy-mode implementation in Android. TISSA empowers mobile users the fine-grained control and runtime re-adjustment capability to specify what kinds of user information can be ac- cessible (and in what way) to untrusted apps. Orthogonal to current Android permissions, these privacy settings can be adjusted without necessarily affecting the normal functionalities of apps. Our experiments demonstrate its effective- ness and practicality. The performance measurements show that our system has a low performance overhead. References 1. Android Market, http://www.android.com/market/ 2. Gartner November Report, http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313 3. IPhone and Android Apps Breach Privacy, http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB10001424052748704694004576020083703574602.html 4. Alastair R. Beresford, Andrew Rice, Nicholas Skehin, Ripduman Sohan: MockDroid: Trading Privacy for Application Functionality on Smartphones. In: 12th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications. (2011) 5. A. J. Bernheim Brush, John Krumm, James Scott: Exploring End User Preferences for Location Obfuscation, Location-Based Services, and the Value of Location. In: 12th ACM international conference on Ubiquitous computing. (2010) 6. Avik Chaudhuri: Language-Based Security on Android. In: 4th ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Programming Languages and Analysis for Security. (2009) 7. Lieven Desmet, Wouter Joosen, Fabio Massacci, Pieter Philippaerts, Frank Piessens, Ida Siahaan, Dries Vanoverberghe: Security by Contract on the .NET Platform. Information Security Technical Report. vol. 13 issue 1. 25-32. (2008) 8. Manuel Egele, Christopher Kruegel, Engin Kirda, Giovanni Vigna: PiOS: Detecting Privacy Leaks in iOS Applications. In: 18th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. (2011) 9. William Enck, Peter Gilbert, Byung-Gon Chun, Landon P. Cox, Jaeyeon Jung, Patrick McDaniel, Anmol N. Sheth: TaintDroid: An Information-Flow Tracking Sys- tem for Realtime Privacy Monitoring on Smartphones. In: 9th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation. (2010) 10. William Enck, Machigar Ongtang, Patrick McDaniel: On Lightweight Mobile Phone Application Certification. In: 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Com- munications Security. (2009) 11. William Enck, Machigar Ongtang, Patrick McDaniel: Understanding Android Se- curity. IEEE Security & Privacy. vol. 7 no. 1. pp. 50–57. (2009) 12. Adam P. Fuchs, Avik Chaudhuri, Jeffrey S. Foster : SCan- Droid: Automated Security Certification of Android Applications, http://www.cs.umd.edu/ avik/papers/scandroidascaa.pdf. (2009) 13. Kevin Mahaffey, John Hering: App Attack: Surviving the Explosive Growth of Mobile Apps (2010) 14. Mohammad Nauman, Sohail Khan, Xinwen Zhang: Apex: Extending Android Per- mission Model and Enforcement with User-Defined Runtime Constraints. In: 5th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security. (2010) 15. Machigar Ongtang, Stephen E. McLaughlin, William Enck, Patrick Drew Mc- Daniel: Semantically Rich Application-Centric Security in Android. In: 25th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. (2009) 16. Asaf Shabtai, Yuval Fledel, Uri Kanonov, Yuval Elovici, Shlomi Dolev, Chanan Glezer: Google Android: A Comprehensive Security Assessment. IEEE Security & Privacy. vol. 8 no. 2. pp. 35–44. (2010)
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