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46th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Hunterdon residents were anxious for news in the wake of the Lindbergh kidnapping 75 years ago. Indeed, the eyes of the world turned to Hunterdon wondering who could have harmed "The Eaglet." But local residents were also concerned with more personal problems.
Like the rest of the nation, they were struggling to lift themselves out of the Depression. Because cash was scarce, the Democrat and its readers scrutinized taxes with particular concern. Schools were in the crosshairs.
Some people thought the Democrat's "discussions of school costs and their relation to the tax bill" would harm education, according a Jan. 5, 1933 editorial.
"While it is true that there are always those who are ready to tear down what has been built up by long and laborious process, the Democrat has not tried to cater to such an element, but has repeatedly pointed out that the authorities should anticipate pressure from taxpayers and be prepared with a program that will disarm all constructive criticism."
Concern about school costs was "on the minds of the majority of sane-minded citizens," the Democrat explained. Although most of them appreciated the value and importance of public schools, most felt "costs must be kept down if disaster is to be avoided."
The paper recommended cooperation so that "a direct saving could be handed to the taxpayers."
Among those hearing the call were the teachers of the Flemington schools. They unanimously agreed to accept a 5% pay cut.
Teachers agreed after a "quiet effort of the (school board) to bring down current expenses," according to the school board president. Teachers believed that "the cooperation of all members of public service" was needed "to lower the costs of taxation."
Paving the way for the agreement was the school's supervising principal, who had already accepted a 10% pay cut.
The pay reductions would "not disturb the tenure status and pension rights of the teachers under their normal salaries," said the school board president. He said his group sought cuts that "avoid anything in the nature of false economy or any drastic measures that would result in permanent injury to the school system."
The pay cuts were part of an effort to reduce the school's budget by 10% overall.
Even before agreeing to the pay cut, local teachers had already acted to give up part of their pay. They were contributing about 1% of their salaries to a fund "which is being used to furnish milk to underfed children in the schools. This plan was adopted as a means of preventing spread of contagious disease," the Democrat wrote.
The generosity of local educators was not matched by the state teacher's union. It refused to endorse a bill that would allow local boards of education to reduce teachers' salaries by up to 15%. Supporters of the bill argued it would help protect jobs and tenure.
Another challenge facing a struggling Hunterdon was the rate of mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures. That will be the subject of a future article in this series.
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Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935 are available as a boxed set at the offices of the Democrat. They cover the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, and also illuminate the lifestyle of Hunterdon residents 75 years ago. The set costs $29.95 plus tax and shipping. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details.
45th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Hundreds of reporters covered the Crime of the Century, but only one earned a Pulitzer Prize for his work. Francis Jamieson, an Associated Press reporter and a frequent contributor to the Democrat, was nominated for the award 75 years ago this week.
He went on to win the award for "his prompt, full, skillful and prolonged coverage of news of the kidnapping of the infant son of Charles Lindbergh ... from the first announcement of the kidnapping until after the discovery of the baby's body nearby the Lindbergh home."
It wasn't easy. From the instant news broke that "The Eaglet" was kidnapped, reporters competed fiercely for details about the crime and the investigation that followed. According to records in the State Police archives, news of the kidnapping broke when "Lt. Dunn phoned ... reported that Col. Lindbergh had reported that his baby had been kidnapped."
It took reporters just 17 minutes to hear the news and phone police for confirmation. The log shows that the Newark News and Philadelphia Ledger each called at 11 p.m. Competing reporters continued to call about every two minutes: the State Gazette at 11:02; the Newark Ledger at 11:04; the New York News at 11:06; the Newark News again at 11:10; the State Gazette again at 11:12; the Herald Tribune at 11:14; and so on into the next day.
In the wake of the news, reporters flocked here by the hundreds; the event was covered around the world. The London News Chronicle put it in perspective: "Since Lindbergh is the American approximation of the Prince of Wales, the crime is particularly astounding." So intense was the reporting that Broadcasting magazine called it "perhaps the greatest example of spot news coverage in the history of American broadcasting."
Mr. Jamieson's reporting included the strange case of John Hughes Curtis. A small-boat builder from Norfolk, Va., he claimed to be in contact with rum-runners who had information about the whereabouts of the kidnapped boy. He even led Col. Lindbergh on a search for the gang, and claimed to have seen some of the $50,000 ransom money the Lindberghs had paid through another intermediary, John Condon.
When a body identified as the Lindberghs' son was found in May, Mr. Curtis was charged with obstructing justice by providing false information to police. He was convicted, fined $1,000 and given a suspended sentence. In his confession, Mr. Curtis said he was "insane on the subject of the Lindbergh matter" and that financial trouble had "distorted" his mind.
Mr. Jamieson's diligence in covering the Lindbergh case reflected the public's preoccupation with the flier, his family and his exploits. Even the president was interested in the case. "Make the kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby a live and never-to-be-forgotten case," said Herbert Hoover, as quoted in the Democrat, which added, "The case will never be forgotten while the baby killers run free."
Later Mr. Jamieson became an aide in the State Department, working for Nelson Rockefeller. He was active in Mr. Rockefeller's campaign for governor in 1958 and died in 1960.
44th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
It's a yearly tradition to list the big news stories of the past year. Across dinner tables and card tables, in newsrooms and lunchrooms, the question is sure to spark conversation. But perspective can change as time goes by.
For example, just five years ago Google listed Las Ketchup as one of the top 10 news stories of the year. Today, many would need Google to figure out what Las Ketchup was all about.
But it was easy 75 years ago, when almost everyone agreed that the year's big story was the kidnap of the 20-month-old Lindbergh child from the family's East Amwell Township home.
"It seems incredible that Hunterdon County, the least exploited section of New Jersey and often called 'one of the backward counties,' should have been the scene of what... Associated Press calls 'probably the most outstanding story of modern journalism - the kidnapping of the Lindbergh baby," reported the Democrat at the end of 1932.
"Governments fell, nations warred, industrial empires toppled, and yet the stealing of an infant from his crib in the Lindbergh home in the lonely Sourland hills of New Jersey pulled on the heartstrings of the world as probably no other happening in recent decades," reported the Associated Press in the Democrat. That was the unanimous judgment of 17 AP editors "over whose desks flow 75 million words of copy a year." They named it the top story.
The year 1932 was not a slow one for news. Olympic games were held in Los Angeles. Amid charges of accepting hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes, the mayor of New York City resigned and moved to Europe. Al Capone went to prison. Ghandi went on a hunger strike. A man named Hitler was rising in Germany. But all that paled beside the Lindbergh tragedy - from a contemporary viewpoint, anyway.
"In this one tragic news record were wrapped terror, pathos, mystery, crime, famous names, tangled motives, hysterical searches, cruel hoaxes, fantastic figures and incredible adventures - all the elements of a cause celebre," reported the Democrat. That the kidnapped child was the son of Charles Lindbergh - quite possibly the most famous man of his time - was another major factor.
The event was even bigger than the suicide of Ivar Kreuger. Known as "The Match King," he had built an empire on the safety match, deceptive accounting and, by his own admission, "silence, silence and more silence." It was the Enron scandal of its time and it sparked passage of the Securities Act, which would require better disclosure by publicly-held companies.
The Lindbergh kidnapping also edged out a flight by Amelia Earhart for honors as the year's biggest story. She'd made a solo flight to Europe, as the Democrat noted, "Steadily, woman are duplicating the daring feats of men. With her tousled head of hair, Europe welcomed her as the feminine Lindbergh."
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Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935 are available as a boxed set at the offices of the Democrat. They cover the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, and also illuminate the lifestyle of Hunterdon residents 75 years ago. The set costs $29.95 plus tax and shipping. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details.
42nd in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Charles Lindbergh surely earned the fame he acquired for his aerial exploits, including his solo crossing of the Atlantic in 1927. Although he acquired his skills through hard work - he graduated best-in-class from Army flight school and earned a reputation as a skilled commercial pilot before his famous New York to Paris flight - he was also a man for his time. The public was fascinated with air travel 75 years ago and Col. Lindbergh was not alone in the spotlight.
One of the less-remembered adventurers was W. Webb M. Williams, a 72-year-old former sidekick of outlaw Jesse James and holder of 17 patents.
Mr. Williams ran a store two miles north of High Bridge at Stone Mills in Readingsburgh. He also invented "a zeppelin that will completely revolutionize aeronautics," reported the Democrat on Dec. 8, 1932.
While Mr. Williams dispensed lamp oil and frozen custard "at the mountainous crossroads next to the trout-filled Raritan South Branch," he was making plans to build his super-craft.
"Adjutant General Frederick Gilkyson and aviation experts, when they saw my plans at Lakehurst Naval Air Station, clapped me on the shoulder and said, "Williams, you don't realize what you have here. That machine will go 500 miles an hour," he told the Democrat.
"Breakfast in New York, tea in Paris, that's my motto," Mr. Williams said. "Friction at that terrific speed would burn up an ordinary craft. Not this. The covering is all metal. Perfectly streamlined to reduce frictions. The nose on her will be sharp as a needle."
The zeppelin had another claimed advantage: it could land anywhere. "Know how? Well, she has a dozen huge air tubes that telescope into the body. When you're ready to land, just stop above the spot. The gas will hold her up. Release these tubes, each of which has a powerful turbine fan in it. Start the motors, and these fans will suck it down to earth. You don't have to hire 300 or 400 men to pull her down. Once on earth, hook her fast."
Power for the zeppelin would come from steam turbines using a patent Williams had already won. The zeppelin would be 1,200 feet long and 300 feet wide, requiring a workshop 1,500 feet long, 400 feet wide and 400 feet tall. Mr. Williams also needed investors. "I need six young men with backbones. That's all. Spines," he said. "Well, maybe a little money, just so we could get started. I'd make millionaires of them in two years."
Mr. Williams was convinced the world would beat a path to his door. But, if the dirigible was found "too dangerously fast for mere armies to play with," he'd pursue another invention he'd also patented: a bear trap modified to catch car thieves by nabbing them "as they step on the gas."
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Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935 are available as a boxed set at the offices of the Democrat. They cover the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, and also illuminate the lifestyle of Hunterdon residents 75 years ago. The set costs $29.95 plus tax and shipping. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details.
41st in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Many kids eagerly anticipate a surprise gift on Christmas. But 75 years ago, junior high school student Kenneth Smith knew what he'd probably get. After studying for four months at the Newhouse Flying Club in Princeton, he was expecting to receive his pilot's license.
In 1932, interest in aviation was high - pilots were the adventurers and daredevils of their day. East Amwell resident Charles Lindbergh had become a sensation for his first-ever solo crossing of the Atlantic in 1927. His popularity soared as he mapped uncharted routes for commercial air travel, often accompanied by his wife Anne. Their adventures inspired many others.
Then as now, earning a pilot's license wasn't easy - and it was costly. The Democrat reported that Ken paid $100 to join the Newhouse Flying Club, another $73 for his first 10 hours of instruction and $36.50 for the next 10 hours after that. With just weeks until Christmas, he had to complete just three more hours of flight time to qualify.
"Kenneth has acquired skill and knowledge at considerable cost," the article reported. In 1932, the country was struggling to lift itself out of the Depression. It had elected Franklin Roosevelt to the presidency, but he wouldn't take office for another month. The $209.50 Ken spent on his license was a small fortune at the time, as even a casual review of Democrat ads reveals.
The Flemington Furniture Store at 55 Main St., offered three-piece living room suites ("full size davenport, easy chair and fine side chair"), regularly $100, on sale for $39.95. Buyers were promised "strong and resilient springs and loose reversible cushions." A free lamp was included. "Beautiful walnut end tables," regularly $1.50, were offered at 69 cents.
The annual Christmas sale at Flemington Cut Glass was under way. Buyers could snap up an 18-piece beverage set for 75 cents. It included six each of orange juice glasses, regular water tumblers and highball glasses. (Presumably, customers were saving the highball glasses until Prohibition was repealed. That would take another year.)
At Stanton General Store, shoppers could buy chickens at 25 cents a pound or a 6-ounce tin of Ovaltine for 33 cents. Mutual Grocery Co., with stores in Flemington and Clinton, had prime sirloin steak at 34 cents a pound.
A radio was among the most desired of Christmas gifts 75 years ago. The medium was new and a radio was more than just a device, it was a piece of furniture. Those who could afford such a luxury item would place it in an important part of the home where the entire family could enjoy it, just as some do with a big-screen TV today. McMullen & Muller in Flemington and H.R. Borkaw in Centerville were both Philco dealers. Buyers could choose from the Philco "Baby Grand" tabletop for $18.75 or a "full-size lowboy" for $37.50. Those fortunate enough to own a radio already were invited to "bring in your tubes for testing." For those whose budget kept a radio out of reach, short-term rentals were available, just like renting a video.
Wright's Garage on Main Street in Flemington had Firestone tires at $5.27 each, featuring "six gum-dipped cord plies under the tread." Car shoppers were invited to consider the new Plymouth. "Yes, it's a six (cylinder) with floating power, automatic clutch and a dozen other improvements," said the Page 1 advertisement. "You don't have to believe what we say or what Walter Chrysler says about the new Plymouth," proclaimed the ad. Instead, shoppers should see and drive the car themselves - without any obligation, of course. The price: less than $700.
But a dollar in 1932 would be worth about $15 today. That means the Plymouth would cost the equivalent of about $10,500 now; the small Philco radio about $281. That's a lot of money for a car without ABS, airbags or CD player; and with a radio that was prone to static, relied on fiddly vacuum tubes and didn't have FM, which wouldn't be invented for another year.
And Ken's flying lessons? They would cost more than $3,100 in today's dollars. For people who couldn't afford that, the high school had an airplane club that flew scale models. In a recent contest, they'd been able to keep several of them aloft for more than four minutes.
40th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Being in jail isn't supposed to be a picnic. So when the Democrat reported 75 years ago that John Hughes Curtis, who was convicted of obstructing justice in the Lindbergh kidnapping investigation, "expressed appreciation for the kindness extended to him while a prisoner here," some people wondered what was happening in the county jail.
Perhaps suspicion over the jail was also heightened by its increased costs. But an examination of the expenses suggested that no prisoner was living the high life there in 1932.
"Expense of jail upkeep mounts during October," said a Democrat headline 75 years ago, after costs were tallied. "That the depression is continuing to make itself felt in this section is indicated in Jail Warden Anderson's October report which states that 86 transients asking for food and overnight shelter were taken in as against 31 in the previous month. A total of 351 prisoner days were accounted for in October compared with 383 for September. The average daily expense per prisoner was 29 cents, an increase of two cents."
It cost taxpayers $129.99 for upkeep of the jail in October; in September, it cost $113.62.
At the time, the nation was struggling to lift itself out of the depression. Some of the jail's residents were "tramps and other homeless wanderers... these men, and sometimes boys, are traveling as best they can from community to community in search of employment. When stranded without a penny in their pockets apparently they prefer to seek aid of the authorities than to risk breaking and entry," the Democrat wrote.
When Warden Harry McCrea took charge of the jail, his accounting differentiated between "prisoner days" and "tramp days." He sought to reduce costs by "obtaining groceries in case lots." Although he reduced the average meal cost to 8-and-one-quarter cents, there was "no need to fear the prisoners will be starved," he said. "I believe that good food can be secured more reasonably by getting it in quantity lots."
Jail administrators were not the only ones trying to reduce food costs. The N.J. College of Agriculture, which would later become part of Rutgers, advised cash-strapped families how to provide a Thanksgiving meal for a family of six for $1.50. Nutrition specialist Marie Doermann told the Democrat that the menu could include tomato cocktail, mock chicken pie, candied sweet potatoes, baked onions, mashed rutabagas, cabbage and pepper relish, cranberry jelly, baked Indian pudding with custard sauce and coffee. Such a meal would tempt "even the most jaded of appetites," she said.
A homemaker with a little more money "can serve a more elaborate dinner," she said. For $4.26, "capon is substituted for the mock chicken pie." This feast would include mints and nuts, grapefruit cup, cauliflower with mock Hollandaise sauce, crisp celery, molded cranberry salad and plum pudding.
The meals may not have been as cheap as they might seem at first glance. One dollar in 1932 would be worth about $15 today.
39th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
If you're a big-time baseball fan, life isn't complete until you've visited the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown. Rock and roll fans trek to their Hall of Fame in Cleveland.
People who are interested in the Crime of the Century - the 1932 kidnapping of the 20-month-old son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh from their East Amwell Township home - go to the State Police Museum and Learning Center in West Trenton.
"This is the Mecca for Lindbergh research," said Mark Falzini. He's the archivist here, and he's the "go-to" person for anyone with questions about the case.
Mr. Falzini didn't set out to become a Lindbergh-Hauptmann expert. He has a degree in history, but he specialized in European history. He earned a master's degree in library services and was working in the State Police payroll department in 1991 when he learned about the opening for an archivist.
"You can work with the Lindbergh researchers," he was told when he asked about the job. He asked, "What are they?" He has since learned the answer.
"I call it, 'America's Greatest Soap Opera,'" said Mr. Falzini. The nation was in the midst of the Depression and "in desperate need of a hero." Col. Lindbergh filled the bill. His victorious, first-ever solo crossing of the Atlantic in 1927 had buoyed the spirits of many in those final, flamboyant years of the Roaring Twenties. The exploits of Lucky Lindy and his wife were inspirations to many who were hit by the Depression's poverty and despair.
The 1932 kidnapping became an instant media sensation. The story pit the rich, powerful and elite against the poor and struggling working class. Not only was Col. Lindbergh an international hero, but his wife Anne was notable in her own right. A Smith College graduate and the daughter of U.S. Senator Dwight Morrow, she was a poet, an author and an aviation pioneer.
Other key "players" in the soap opera included Betty Gow, the toddler's nanny; her boyfriend, the mysterious Henry "Red" Johnson; and Violet Sharp, a maid in the Morrow home who killed herself and avoided another round of embarrassing questions from State Police.
Many researchers at the museum scrutinize the State Police critically, and Mr. Falzini understands why. Founded in 1921 under Superintendent, H. Norman Schwarzkopf - father of Desert Storm commanding Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf - the State Police "was a rural agency, not an investigative agency," at the time of the Lindbergh case, said Mr. Falzini. At the time, its staff of 300 men patrolled more than 17,000 miles of roads and also had administrative jobs, such as running the state's license bureau, detective unit and identification bureau.
State Police didn't secure the crime scene after the kidnapping; as a result, aggressive reporters, the curious public, the Lindbergh family and their staff traipsed across the site. Col. Schwarzkopf admitted that early in the investigation, he made no decision without consulting Col. Lindbergh. Lacking modern communications and computer systems, the State Police weren't able to correlate all the evidence as it was collected.
Mr. Falzini cautioned that "you can't look at a 1932 case through 2007 eyes." In the intervening 75 years, police methods have evolved and so have the practices of the press. "None of this would happen today," he said.
The 1935 trial pitted David Wilentz, an inexperienced but ambitious state attorney general who served as prosecutor, against Edward Reilly, a criminal defense veteran who was hired by a Hearst newspaper in exchange for inside information about the case.
The crime, the hubbub, the trial and the execution of Bruno Richard Hauptmann that followed are debated even now. Visitors to the archives include historians and scholarly researchers, high school and college students, journalists, conspiracy theorists and people with a connection to the Hauptmann or Lindbergh families. Fueling interest in the case that "is technically closed" is a mountain of evidence that often "contradicts itself," and an interest to learn from the lessons of the past, Mr. Falzini said.
He helps everyone, including the casually curious. "It's a dream job," he said. "I'm afraid I'm going to wake up." He encourages interest in the case. "What good is an archive if there's nobody there to use it?" he asked. "Come to the source."
When pressed, Mr. Falzini will offer a glimpse of his opinions about the case. "All the evidence points to Hauptmann being involved," he said. But none of the explanations that Hauptmann acted alone "really hold up ... Wilentz wanted an execution and conviction. He wanted to close all the doors."
The museum is open Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.; the archives are open by appointment during the same hours.
Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935 are available as a boxed set at the offices of the Democrat. They cover the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, and also illuminate the lifestyle of Hunterdon residents 75 years ago. The set costs $29.95 plus tax and shipping. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details.
38th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
The name Curtis was prominent in the news 75 years ago this week.
There was Charles Curtis, the vice president of the United States, who along with President Herbert Hoover was voted out of office in favor of Democrats Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his running mate John Nance Garner.
"Roosevelt carried into office by largest electoral vote in history," reported the Democrat. (Local votes didn't help FDR much. In Hunterdon, the Hoover/Curtis ticket won: 8,440 to 7,402.)
At the same time, John Curtiss, a Republican from the Town of Clinton, won election as county sheriff.
And then there was a man named John Hughes Curtis. "Court suspends sentence," said the Democrat's page one headline. Curtis "pays $1,000 fine."
John Hughes Curtis had been found guilty in July of obstructing justice in the case of the kidnapping of Charles and Ann Lindbergh's 20-month-old-son.
Curtis, a boat builder from Norfolk, Va. claimed that he had contact with rum-runners who had information about the whereabouts of the kidnapped boy. He also claimed to have seen some of the $50,000 ransom money Col. Lindbergh had paid through intermediary John Condon. Mr. Curtis was charged with perpetrating a hoax when a body identified as the boy's was found in May.
Mr. Curtis admitted his hoax and blamed his financial troubles. "I became insane on the subject of the Lindbergh letter," he wrote in his confession, "which caused me to create the story in its entirety, which was untrue in every respect." The people he claimed to know who had the kidnap victim "were creatures of a distorted mind," he said.
At the hearing, the Democrat reported, "Curtis produced a $1,000 bill which he turned over to Sheriff Wean in payment of the fine. ... He expressed appreciation for the kindness extended to him while a prisoner here."
Mr. Curtis had hoped his appearance wouldn't attract attention, but that was a futile wish, given public interest in anything involving the Lindberghs. "A good-sized group of newspaper men" made it their job to witness the hearing.
"The county court showed good judgment," opined the Democrat on its editorial page. "Probably no good purpose would be served by compelling Curtis to go to prison."
37th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
The world was changing 75 years ago, in 1932. Perhaps the change with the greatest social implication was the status of the "Prohibition" against alcohol. It had been enacted in 1920 under the 18th Amendment, but its repeal under the 21st Amendment was only about a year away.
Many other impending changes were driven by technology. Vaudeville shows had brought entertainment to millions through a network of theaters and auditoriums, but it was being edged out by the increasingly popular "talkies," as film studios standardized distribution and technology.
The Empire State Building - which would stand as the world's tallest building for more than 40 years - was completed in 1931.
Air mail postal service across the nation and around the world was becoming routine, in no small part a result of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering solo flight across the ocean in 1927.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation, under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover, noted the era's advancing technology. Hoover, who became director in 1924, had been interested in scientific advances for years. It was 75 years ago this month that he established the FBI's Technical Crime Laboratory and with it, scientific crime analysis entered the 20th century.
FBI Special Agent Charles Appel Jr. shared Mr. Hoover's vision that the future of law enforcement would depend on the application of science. Mr. Appel had studied at a lab affiliated with Northwestern University; by the time he went to work in the FBI's new lab in Washington, he already had a background in such fields as serology, toxicology, moulage and typewriter analysis. The FBI lab was equipped with what was then cutting-edge technology: a machine to examine the inside of a gun barrel, wiretapping equipment and ultraviolet lights to reveal hidden marks on clothing and documents.
One of Agent Appel's first jobs at the lab was to examine the evidence in the Lindbergh kidnapping.
The whole world had been stunned when news of the March 1 kidnapping broke; it recoiled in May when officials identified a body found in Hopewell as that of the 20-month-old son of the world's most famous couple.
Whoever was responsible for the crime hadn't left a lot of physical evidence, but there were handwriting samples. Agent Appel's job was to compare the writing on the ransom notes with the writing of more than 300 people identified as suspects in the case.
Later, the FBI would concede that Appel's "task took many months of fruitless effort." That's because Richard Bruno Hauptmann, who would be convicted and sentenced to the electric chair for the kidnapping and death of the Lindberghs' son, wouldn't be identified as a suspect for another two years. So Agent Appel didn't yet have any of Hauptmann's handwriting to compare with the ransom notes.
Appel's examination of the ransom notes led to a showdown between him and Mr. Hoover, and resulted in an important bureau policy that would become widely practiced by other law enforcement agencies. The conflict arose when Mr. Hoover needed to see the ransom notes, and then became upset when he found they were not in the file, but in Mr. Appel's laboratory. Mr. Hoover ordered that evidence be returned to the file as soon as its examination was complete, but Mr. Appel resisted. He argued that he still needed the originals to make comparisons, and by retaining them "chain of custody was strengthened," because only one or two people had access to the evidence. Mr. Hoover relented, and a law enforcement "best practice" was born.
Mr. Appel's study of the ransom notes would not be in vain. In September 1934, he would testify at Hauptmann's indictment in The Bronx about seven "peculiarities" revealed in each of the ransom notes that coincided with peculiarities he'd found in Hauptmann's notebooks. In a chat with reporters after his testimony, Agent Appel said it was "inconceivable" that the ransom notes were written by anyone but Hauptmann. At the trial, eight handwriting experts essentially agreed. That hard evidence - along with the ladder used by the kidnapper to reach the Lindberghs' second-floor nursery window - became enough to put Hauptmann in the electric chair.
If you have recollections, or recall your parents' or grandparents' stories about this era, we'd like to hear from you. Call Curtis Leeds at 782-4747 ext. 697. Or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935, covering the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, are available as a boxed set at our office in Raritan Township. The price is $29.95 plus tax and shipping, if required. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details. We also sell several books about the case.
36th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
The headline proclaimed: "Ghosts Haunt The Hills Lindbergh Picked For Home."
It appeared in the Democrat almost four months before 20-month-old Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. was kidnapped from the family's new East Amwell home.
"Queer things are seen, queer things are heard, queer things happen in the wilderness of trees and blue-jingler rocks of the Sourland Mountains where Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh have built their home," wrote the Democrat.
It was November 1931, and the observations were those of Charlie Sutphin, a man born in the Sourlands. He had "learned much about the supernatural" in the time he lived there. "That is the devil's own stomping ground," he said. "Ghosts have plenty of reason for haunting that section. Nine murders have been done there since I can remember."
The ghosts included Clossey the Murdered Fiddler, who was known for using his cane to retrieve a moonshine jug by the handle. "Moonshiners were in business there even in the old days... Clossy's cane was the calling card which admitted the bearer of the jug into places where illicit liquor was sold."
"There is a ghostly lady thru whom the sun can be seen, who walks about the mountain roads in the day. All who have seen her comment on her uncommon beauty." A woodcutter "brave with drink" once admired her vulgarly and learned a painful lesson. "As he sought to touch her, she slapped him across the cheek. He bore livid welts in the shape of a human hand upon that cheek until his death," Mr. Sutphin told the Democrat.
There was Knitting Betty the Headless Ghost for whom a rock is named. Another ghost rode a white horse, and once rendered a minister's right arm useless "until his death" after a chance meeting on Rileyville-Hopewell Road.
"Jack-o-lanterns wandered aimlessly over Kices Lot," and Mr. Sutphin would follow the "glowing balls of mist up the brook" leading him to "dangerously soft ground that sought to swallow him."
There was Grey Dog, a phantom animal that "bays at the moon and haunts the paths of those who walk by night." There was Devil Bird - "not strictly a ghost" - that "swoops out of the sky and carries lambs and pullets to its rock-bound lair, where it feeds on their hot blood. Shotguns and traps are ineffective against this winged creature, which has the face of a man and the voice of nothing earthly."
"Perhaps, who knows," mused the Democrat, "Col. Lindbergh, like some up-to-date St. George, may follow the wings of the Devil Bird, slay it, and forever rid the peaceful valley of its depredations."
But Col. Lindbergh enjoyed no such good fortune. The kidnapping, dubbed "the Crime of the Century," stunned the nation. Mr. Lindbergh was a national hero and an international superstar for his exploits in the sky, especially his solo crossing of the Atlantic in 1927. Public interest in the kidnapping created enormous pressure on police to find whoever was responsible and bring them to justice. Speculation over who might have committed so horrific an act began immediately. Bruno Hauptmann's arrest in 1934 only fueled the debate: Did he act alone? Did he have help from someone inside the Lindbergh household? Was he a "patsy" set up by gangsters, or by his friend Isidore Fisch?
The crime led to "the Trial of the Century," in 1935 in the historic - even then - Hunterdon County Courthouse.
Re-enactments of that trial continue through this weekend. (Performances are Saturday at 2 and 8 p.m. and Sunday at 2. Tickets cost $30; or $45 for a limited number of jury seats. Call 782-2610 or visit famoustrials.com.)
Those who attend the trial often disagree about Hauptmann's guilt, but ghosts are not usually considered as suspects. That may be because so few people heeded Charlie Sutphin's claims.
* * *
If you have recollections, or recall your parents' or grandparents' stories about this era, we'd like to hear from you. Call Curtis Leeds at 782-4747 ext. 697. Or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935, covering the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, are available as a boxed set at our office in Raritan Township. The price is $29.95 plus tax and shipping, if required. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details. We also sell several books about the case.
35th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
As re-enactments of the trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann play in the historic courthouse in Flemington, the debate over his guilt continues. Should he have been executed for the death of the son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh, who was taken from his second-floor nursery in East Amwell 75 years ago? Were there accomplices? Did he get a fair trial?
And, of course, did public fascination with the case -- one that involved perhaps the era's most famous hero -- influence the outcome of the trial or the appeals that followed? Many people have opinions, Joan Lake of Raritan Township among them. The difference is that she can base her opinion on seven volumes of unusual research.
Mrs. Lake, who is 74 and has lived here 46 years, said her interest in the Hauptmann trial began when her hairdresser described the mystery that surrounds the case. "It's local history," said Mrs. Lake. "People around here call it Lindbergh Country." She recalled how Violet and Edgar Stover -- her husband Richard's aunt and uncle -- talked about the trial and the lingering unanswered questions.
A decade ago, Mrs. Lake visited Thelma Miller of Three Bridges. Ms. Miller, who died in 2005, was a Lindbergh aficionado even before the kidnapping. Starting in 1927, she began the first of many scrapbooks about the famous flier. Through newspaper and magazine clippings, souvenirs and personal notes, the scrapbooks chronicled Col. Lindbergh's life. Ms. Miller and her scrapbooks became primary sources for any researcher or reporter studying the Hauptmann case. Her work is now in the Lindbergh/Hauptmann collection at the State Police Museum in West Trenton.
Ms. Miller was no mere bystander. Her father, a special deputy sheriff, helped guard Bruno Hauptmann. Young Thelma attended the trial more than once. Sometimes, she cut high school so she could watch history unfold.
Ms. Miller's enthusiasm and interest in Lindbergh was contagious: Mrs. Lake developed a fascination with Col. Lindbergh and the Trial of the Century. Together, the women visited the State Police Museum, where they examined key evidence.
Mrs. Lake keeps a balsa wood model of Col. Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis airplane that helped him become the first person to cross the Atlantic non-stop. "I've seen the real Spirit of St. Louis," Mrs. Lake said, in the Smithsonian's Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC.
When Mrs. Lake learned several years ago that a journal about the trial would be sold as part of an estate auction, she jumped at the chance to buy it.
"There were other bidders," she said, but she won. For $90, she bought a seven-volume set assembled by Hildegarde Kohl. Hildegarde lived in the area and would have been about 19 at the time of the 1935 trial.
In precise detail, the journals include daily observations about the trial, the discussions that surrounded it and, like Ms. Miller's collection, extensive newspaper and magazine clippings. Mrs. Lake knows it's an important collection and wants to find it a proper home.
Mark Falzini, State Police museum archivist, would like Mrs. Lake's journals for his collection.
"They already have Thelma's collection, I don't think they need mine," said Mrs. Lake. She'd like to see the journals remain in Hunterdon: perhaps at the old courthouse in Flemington, perhaps as part of the county's archives. Until she finds them a permanent home she stores them carefully, wrapped in plastic.
Even with the help of the journals, Mrs. Lake remains undecided about the trial. "Hauptmann was involved," she said, "but as far as who did it, I don't know."
It troubles her that some of those at the center of the storm that followed the kidnapping died, including Violet Sharpe, a Lindbergh maid who killed herself shortly after the crime rather than submit to more questions from State Police.
For those trying to make up their own minds, Mrs. Lake has some advice: See the trial re-enactment. Performances are Saturdays at 2 and 8 p.m. and Sundays at 2, through October. Tickets cost $30-$58; or $45-$73 for the limited number of jury seats. Call 782-2610 or visit famoustrials.com.
34th in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Re-enactments of The Trial of the Century continue in Flemington's old courthouse, Saturdays at 2 and 8 p.m. and Sundays at 2, through October. The recreation of the famous trial, under the direction of Harry Kazman, triggers debate even now.
Ticket holders who pay a small premium are entitled to sit in the jury box. At the end of the trial, the jury "votes" on a verdict and the results are posted in the court lobby.
Edward "Death House" Reilly, the attorney hired by Hearst newspapers to defend Bruno Richard Hauptmann against the charge that he kidnapped the 20-month-old son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh from their East Amwell home, would be pleased if he attended Mr. Kazmnan's re-enactments. As each performance ends, the "jurors" often are still debating the case. Sometimes, the jury votes posted in the lobby show that, today, Hauptmann would not be convicted.
Neither Mr. Reilly nor Hauptmann were so lucky. Hauptmann was found guilty by the Flemington jury and, after his appeals were exhausted, he was executed in the electric chair in April of 1936.
Raritan Township resident Ed Scott, who plays Mr. Reilly in the re-enactment, mounts a convincing defense, using arguments actually made in the trial and taken from courtroom transcripts. How could Hauptmann have known the Lindberghs would be in their home that fateful Tuesday night in March 1932? The Lindberghs themselves had testified that because the child had a cold, they decided only at the last minute to stay at their new home here, rather than return to Mrs. Lindbergh's parents' home in Englewood, as was their custom. Surely, Mr. Reilly argued, Hauptmann must have had someone on the inside to help him. He couldn't have committed the crime alone; without help, he couldn't have known the child would be in his second-floor nursery.
Surprisingly, police who investigated the case agreed - until psychiatrist Dudley D. Shoenfeld proposed an alternative view 75 years ago.
"All police agencies adhered tenaciously to the theory that the child was kidnapped by a gang and refused vehemently to entertain another concept. That theory was vigorously pursued," wrote Dr. Shoenfeld in his 1936 book, The Crime and the Criminal. Dr. Shoenfeld, a New York City psychiatrist, would come to advise state Attorney General David Wilentz. "The State Police conducted its inquiry on the premise that the crime was committed by a highly organized gang," he wrote. "The Jersey City police held that the crime was an 'inside job,' helped by an outside gang." The FBI also thought a gang was involved; Col. Lindbergh thought the crime was done by a gang, too, but without the help of anyone on the inside, according to Dr. Shoenfeld.
He was surprised that "these experienced men should have clung so firmly to the theory that the crime was committed by an organized gang. Their own experience should have taught them that no gang would have undertaken so hazardous an enterprise for the ridiculous sum of $50,000."
Based on a report Dr. Shoenfeld filed with police 75 years ago yesterday, officials began to consider what the psychiatrist called the "lone man theory." The theory was based on a new implementation of psychiatry: "profiling." By studying the general behavior of a suspect, Dr. Shoenfeld thought a professional could deduce his specific traits. It may be a commonplace practice now, but Dr. Shoenfeld was blazing new trails then.
He deduced that the kidnapper was not only confident, but cocky, and so he would spend the ransom money near his home, rather than work to conceal his steps. By studying where the ransom money was spent, Dr. Shoenfeld identified the area of the Bronx where Hauptmann lived. By studying the ransom notes, the psychiatrist reasoned that the kidnapper was a 40-year-old German with a criminal past. Hauptmann, who came to this country illegally from Germany after being convicted of burglary there, was 35 years old at the time of the Crime of the Century.
The psychiatrist thought the kidnapper was mechanically skilled; Hauptmann worked as a carpenter. Dr. Shoenfeld felt the kidnapper was unlikely to confess; Hauptmann is said to have told New Jersey Gov. Harold Hoffman, "They think when I die, the case will die. They think it will be like a book I close. But the book, it will never close."
Tickets to the trial re-enactment cost $30-$58; or $45-$73 each for the limited number of jury seats. Call 782-2610 or visit famoustrials.com.
If you have recollections, or recall your parents' or grandparents' stories about this era, we'd like to hear from you. Call Curtis Leeds at 782-4747 ext. 697. Or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935, covering the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, are available as a boxed set at our office in Raritan Township. The price is $29.95 plus tax and shipping, if required. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details. We also sell several books about the case.
33rd in a series
By Curtis Leeds
One trait of many experts is that they make the difficult seem easy. So it was with Charles Lindbergh, whose aerial exploits seemed always to proceed without difficulty. His record-setting flights - for traversing the continent, for the first solo crossing of the Atlantic, for charting what would become international airline routes - attracted world attention. The world may have held its breath during some of his adventures, but few ever doubted his success.
Aviation was still fairly new 75 years ago and Col. Lindbergh was not its only adventurer. But few of the others were as successful. The headlines 75 years ago told the tales of two of them: George R. Hutchinson and Thor Solberg.
Mr. Hutchinson was a promoter with a checkered past. He developed a novel way to capitalize on the public's enthusiasm for fliers. He made "goodwill flights," that included his family, and they carried messages between organizations and made speeches at each end of the trip. The popularity of his "Flying Family" led Mr. Hutchinson to assemble what he hoped would be the largest group ever to cross the Atlantic in one plane. In addition to his wife Blanche and daughters Kathryn, age 8, and Janet Lee, 6, he took along a filmmaker, mechanic, navigator and radio man. Planning to follow Col. Lindbergh's route, they left from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn.
Col. Lindbergh's route took him over Greenland, but the Hutchinsons didn't get that far. They got caught in a blizzard and their seaplane, weighed down by snow, couldn't fly above the clouds. They were forced to land in the water and they managed to taxi to shore. The aircraft was destroyed, but the family survived after being rescued by a Scottish trawler two days later.
"Providence and some hardy seamen may be thanked," the Democrat editorialized. "If the flight had purposes other than publicity, we have not heard of them. Now that the adventure has ended in failure but without disastrous results, a way should be found to prevent any such undertaking in the future. It is bad enough for grown men to risk their lives, but when a man and a woman risk their two little children we have about reached the limit of sense."
It wasn't just his own family that Mr. Hutchinson placed in jeopardy, but those of the rescuers, too, the Democrat wrote. The editorial called the Hutchinsons "glory seekers" and said it wasn't fair of them to "expect the rest of the world to drop its affairs and rush about in an effort to effect a rescue." The Hutchinsons didn't deserve praise, but "condemnation for exposing themselves and their children to needless perils."
Thor Solberg's mishap did not inspire editorial outrage, but it had similar fatal potential. He took off from Floyd Bennett Field just a few hours before the Hutchinsons. His engine failed in the snowstorm and he narrowly missed crashing into a hill. Instead, his plane fell into the Placentia Bay, Newfoundland.
Mr. Solberg survived the crash and went on to become the first person to fly from his native Norway to the U.S. non-stop, in 1935, and to establish Solberg Airport in Readington Township in 1939. His son Thor Solberg Jr. and daughters Susan Nagle and Lorraine Solberg still own and operate the airport.
By Curtis Leeds
FLEMINGTON - The Trial of the Century, which found Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty in the death of the 20-month-old son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh, sparked debate even before the verdict was announced. It is a discussion that continues even now. Just ask Harry Kazman.
Every year since 1990, he's directed the re-enactment of Hauptmann's famous 1935 trial that followed the kidnapping of the Lindberghs' toddler from their East Amwell home. "Our audiences stand outside the courtroom after the show and debate the verdict," Mr. Kazman said. "Many people return to the trial to experience it again and bring friends along."
The annual show has been selected by the New Jersey Division of Travel and Tourism as one of the top 100 things to see in New Jersey. Part of its successful formula is Mr. Kazman himself: he was Hunterdon Central High School's theater director for more than 30 years. The show also benefits from the experience of the cast, many of whom return annually to reprise their roles. The experience is enhanced because the re-enactment is performed in the same courtroom as the original trial, and the 1828 courthouse has been restored to reflect its appearance at the time of the trial. Mr. Kazman calls 75 Main St. the home of "the most famous courtroom in the world." That was certainly true in 1935, when the eyes of the world turned to Flemington for the trial.
"Thousands of reporters, celebrities and curious people came to Flemington to try for a seat in the courthouse during the trial," Mr. Kazman said. "Many without tickets attempted to climb in through windows to witness the proceedings. Newsreels and photos of the courthouse and its visitors were broadcast throughout the world."
There will be 12 performances of The Trial of the Century beginning Saturday, Oct. 6 and continuing through Sunday, Oct. 28. Shows are held at 2 and 8 p.m. on Saturdays, and at 2 p.m. on Sundays. Tickets cost $30; a limited number of jury seats are available at $45. Tickets can be ordered by calling (800) 595-4TIX or online at famoustrials.com. A lecture and guided tour of the courthouse and jail will be held each Saturday and Sunday at 11 a.m. at a cost of $8. Guided tours of the historic town are also available.
The trial is part of the "History Comes Alive in Flemington" celebration sponsored by the Flemington Partnership For Progress. The festival opens with an antique car parade at 1 p.m. on Oct. 6. The cars will be carrying the costumed actors to the courthouse for the opening performance. Following the matinee, a large classic and antique car show will line Flemington's streets.
The crime attracted international attention from the moment news of the kidnapping broke 75 years ago in March 1932. Only five years before, Col. Lindbergh had rocketed to stardom when he became the first to fly solo across the Atlantic. Hauptmann, a Bronx carpenter, was arrested more than two years later; the appeals of his conviction stretched to the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to hear his case in December 1935. He was executed in Trenton on April 3, 1936 and proclaimed his innocence to the end. His wife Anna Hauptmann tried to have the verdict overturned until her death in 1994. She was 94.
Controversy about Hauptmann's guilt persists. Mr. Kazman said published theories include that Hauptmann was framed, and that others, including Col. Lindbergh himself, were actually responsible for the baby's death. Other theories question whether the Lindberghs' son died at all; over the years, dozens of people have claimed to be the toddler at the epicenter of the case.
For more information on the Lindbergh Trial see the Democrat's series at http://blog.nj.com/hunterdon/lindbergh_trial/.
31st in a series
By Curtis Leeds
Competition within the media was heating up 75 years ago. As today, it was driven by changing technology.
The media landscape of 75 years ago was a simple one. It consisted of print publications - daily and weekly newspapers and magazines - and commercial radio, which was then in its infancy. Radio was battling especially with newspapers for attention and advertisers. The first radio networks sprang up in 1930 and were up and running to cover the Crime of the Century - the kidnapping of the 20-month-old son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh in 1932.
Because of the Lindberghs' fame, the public clamored for news about the crime, making it the perfect story for radio. The new medium could deliver frequent updates, even when there wasn't any real news to report. According to the New York Times, almost 700 news bulletins about the crime were broadcast within the first three days of the kidnapping from the Lindbergh home in East Amwell.
Radio's wall-to-wall coverage of the crime and its aftermath infuriated many of the print journalists of the era, some of whom criticized radio reporters for sensationalizing the story. Newspapers fought for their own preservation, and many argued that the wire services existed to serve them, not radio. A deal would eventually be reached between the two sides, with broadcasters agreeing to limit the time they'd allot to news. It would be a short-lived agreement.
Will Rogers, who in his time was the equivalent of Jay Leno, David Letterman and Jon Stewart all rolled into one, knew where his loyalties were. The man who claimed to have never met a man he didn't like sided with newspapers, and especially with weekly newspapers.
Editors of small-town papers were representative of the country, opined Mr. Rogers, who was quoted in the Democrat 75 years ago. "Intelligent, well read," he said, and they had an advantage over their big-city brethren. "No national advertising controls their pages," he said.
And Mr. Rogers thought local editors had another advantage because, "They are not conceited enough to think they mold public opinion. They just go along and service their community with the most indispensable articles that it has. And yet their real power is greater than all your metropolitan dailies combined."
Mr. Rogers' famous saying, "All I know is what I read in the papers" doesn't reveal his penchant for weekly newspapers. In the Democrat, Mr. Rogers made the preference clear in his typical folksy style. "Any well-read person that don't read at least one well-written country newspaper is not truly informed," he said. Of course, the belief reinforced Mr. Rogers' own self-interest: his syndicated newspaper columns were published in hundreds of papers.
Mr. Rogers didn't stake his future solely on newspapers, however. By 1935, his Sunday night radio program would become one of the top-rated programs of the country. Because he was also a popular stage and film star, Mr. Rogers was arguably the "King of All Media" of his time.
Eleven reprinted Democrats from 1932 and 1935 are available as a boxed set at the offices of the Democrat. They cover the Lindbergh kidnapping and the Hauptmann trial, and also illuminate the lifestyle of Hunterdon residents 75 years ago. The set costs $29.95 plus tax and shipping. Call 782-4747 ext. 603 for details.


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Clifford King Harbin is a member of St. Andrew Church in Kokomo, Indiana. She is a consultant on training for the catechumenal process at the National Episcopal Church Center and the General Board of Discipleship (United Methodist).
1) Storytelling. Each person, whether a bishop or a new Christian, has experienced God acting in his or her life. Telling those stories connects the biblical narrative with our individual lives.
One congregation's story

subset: commoncrawl


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To be considered for membership, fill out the online application below. The National Membership is $100.00. Select the chapter(s) of your choice using the dropdown box. If there are no chapters in your area, skip to the payment section.
Once approved, you will get an e-mail from our system that will allow you to update your member profile, provide you with a password for the member section of the website and permit you to tell us about your company. That information then will be in our member directory that resides in the member section of our website.
If you are a larger company or manufacturer or manufacturer's rep? Checkout the Corporate Membership. That level might be better suited to you.
That's it! We look forward to having you as a member of our Association!


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quote RayceOps, sorry about that. About Deoxys I got it from a dude in Serebii's forums, but I have no idea if this guy is the OT or not, and since I haven't saw this guy online in a while, I think I won't have this answer that soon. =/ZiR
Haha, I meant if you know the actual person who got the Deoxys but I like your relaxed German Jirachi I don't know if I could trade a Pokepark Celebi / Jirachi for it though, since those are rather rare.


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Ages 6-12
A red rose sparks a fantastical adventure for Belle and her prince, cursed with a beastly spell…
"There is magic here in abundance"
- ★★★★★ London Theatre 1
" An excellent production of a children's favourite"
- ★★★★★ Parenting Without Tears
"Rich in fantasy and vibrancy"
- ★★★★ British Theatre
Meet two sisters who couldn't be more different. Cassandra is as feisty as Belle is timid, but when their father is threatened by a fearsome Beast, it is Belle who comes to the rescue. Follow her brave adventure to the Beast's mysterious castle where Belle must discover the true meaning of beauty.
As their story unfolds, Belle and the Beast strike up a friendship and soon the castle chimes to the sound of laughter and music. But can Belle set her prince free from a beastly curse?
The enchanting children's classic comes to life this winter in an exhilarating Polka show brimming with adventure, music, magic and mystery.
Main Theatre
Running time 110 minutes (including interval)
BSL Performance Sat 9 Jan, 11am
Click here to download the BSL Synopsis pack.
This show is suitable for children aged 6 - 12
AGE POLICY: Children younger than 6 will only be admitted to performances marked All Ages Welcome. Click here for more information.
£18 for adults & children | Concs £11.50 | Previews £14
(£1.50 transaction charge per booking)
PREMIUM PACKAGE: For £26 per person enjoy the best seats in the house, an interval ice cream, a programme and poster.
Save £1 per ticket - book 6+
Save £2 per ticket - book 12+
Concessions are available by calling the Box Office on 020 8543 4888 for those registered unemployed or receiving benefits, includes Pension Credits.
Schools £11.50 (plus one free teacher/adult ticket for every 10 students)
Click here to download an activity pack, containing games and drama exercises that link to Polka's production of Beauty and the Beast. It also includes behind the scenes interviews with some of the creative team.'
A Polka Theaatre production
By Charles Way
Director Roman Stefanski
Music by Julian Butler
Designer Laura McEwen
Lighting Designer Ian Scott
|Page 1 of 1


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North East Frontier Railway Group D Posts – 1230 Posts Recruitment 2013 : www.nfr.railnet.gov.in.
North East Frontier Railway, Released the notification for the recruitment of Group D – 1230 Posts. Eligible and interested candidates can apply for this recruitment according to the age limit and qualifications on before 21st October 2013. More details are given below….
Name of the Organization : North East Frontier Railway,
Name of the posts : Group – D posts,
Number of posts : 1230 posts,
Last date for application : 21-10-2013,
Age Limit : The age limit will be 18 to 33 years and will be reckoned as on 01/01/2014.
Educational Qualifications : Minimum 10th class pass or ITI or equivalent. Academic qualification must be from recognized educational institution/Board, otherwise candidature will be rejected even after appointment to Railway Service.
Application fee : examination fee for UR and OBC candidates is Rs.100 (Rupees One hundred only). Candidates belonging to SC/ST, Physically Handicapped, women, minorities, ex- serviceman and economically backward classes are exempted from payment of examination fees.
How to apply : Candidates should carefully read the instructions in this Employment Notice for filling up Application Form given at Annexure-I. Application having any change in the format will be rejected. Applications should be made on a good quality white paper of A4 size (210mm*297mm) using ONE SIDE only. Use only Black Pen/ Black Ball Point Pen for filling up the application form. Application form is available is available in Official website www.nfr.railnet.gov.in.
Click here for Official Notification
Latest railway jobs recruitment notifications
Government Jobs Notifications for Railway Jobs, Recruitment. Railway Recruitment Board (RRB) Exam and and Railway Recruitment cell (RRC) Rojgar Samachar career portal.


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So just a few months into my comeback (30 years) I have been given an invite to sit in with a local jazz/big band group this December. I see many long nights trying to get my arse into gear. Oh and my chops into shape. Wish me luck.
So just a few months into my comeback (30 years) I have been given an invite to sit in with a local jazz/big band group this December. I see many long nights trying to get my arse into gear. Oh and my chops into shape. Wish me luck.
The problem with quotes on the internet is you can never be certain they're authentic. ~ Abraham Lincoln
King - 1500
Getzen - Super Deluxe Tone Balanced
Conn 16A (first horn)
Good luck!
Bb Trumpets: Yamaha YTR-6335HSII - Flip Oakes "Wild Thing" - 1972 Getzen Eterna "Severinsen" - 1980 Boosey & Hawkes Sovereign Studio - B&S 3005 WTR-L - 1963 Besson 10-10 - Monke Mystery Horn - Spiri Vario
C Trumpet: Inderbinen Alpha 200
Bb Bass: 1961 Holton #58 "Symphony"
Wyrd oft nereð unfågne eorl, þonne his ellen dëah.
"Pypes, trompes, nakers, clariounes, that in bataille blowen blody sounes"
Luck to you, luck to you my friend. But what you say IS what it takes.
This kind of opportunity should give you the motivation to work at it more, it certainly did me. The only thing that motivated me more was when I told my wife I was going to try to join Steamboat Swings she said I would not be able to keep up with them. Boy, talk about wanting to prove someone wrong. I have been in the group about 5 years now and my wife actually brags on me now ( definitely more than deserved).
Ray Z
If you don't know where you are going it doesn't matter how you get there.
We are pretty fortunate to support a band like this in this small of an area but most of the gigs we do are just trying to get more exposure and build up the band bank account. I know there are several of us who just play and don't take any money. The next gig we have is for something you might appreciate, The Doc Willett Awards. Doc Willett was the founding doctor in this area, a true country doctor who I guess took whatever in the form of payment, which I understand in a lot of cases was just a thank you. We have several pro class players in our group, some are music teachers, one even played with GMO for several years and some rank amateurs like me but I think we do have a pretty good sound. Great opportunity and loads of fun!
Ray Z
If you don't know where you are going it doesn't matter how you get there.
I was off 19 years. It took me 2 months to feel like I didn't sound like a constipated duck.
Then after 6 months I felt like I was getting actually stronger... almost as strong as before (range wise)
Now it has been 2+ years and I no longer am concerned with recovering past strength, but rather on developing technical skill and flexibility that I never had.
So, I am in "undiscovered territory"... My strength is better than 20 years ago, but my endurance is less. I think that is a result of less playing opportunities. 20 years ago (in college) we played 4 days of lab band rehearsals, then lessons every week, then concert bands, marching bands, salsa band gigs, basketball band. We played all the time. As an adult I find it difficult to get enough hard ensemble playing to build some serious road chops. I play lead in a big band one night a week at a local community college. I'd love to pick up another night of playing and maybe start playing in a salsa band, or a cover party band that got me up to 2-5 nights a week of throwing heat.
Since starting in April of 2011 I have never missed a day of practice, and now average about 20 hrs a week of face time practicing at home.
I think with 4 months you can be ready in December, but you gotta be dedicated and hit the horn every day. Long tones, Flexibilities, Scales, Clarke, Arban, and also work on sight reading something every day.
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10 posts tagged with hacking by homunculus.
Displaying 1 through 10 of 10.
Chilling Effects
We Should All Step Back from Security Journalism. I'll Go First. Quinn Norton (previously) responds to the sentencing of Barrett Brown (previously.) [Via]
Aaron Swartz
Losing Aaron. "After his son was arrested for downloading files at MIT, Bob Swartz did everything in his power to save him. He couldn't. Now he wants the institute to own up to its part in Aaron's death." [Via]
"This is the voice of Vrillon..."
The alien cult that hacked British TV: In 1977 a British television channel was hijacked by someone claiming to be a space alien called 'Vrillon'. [Via]
Why the world is scared of hacktivists
Enter the Cyber-dragon. "Hackers have attacked America's defense establishment, as well as companies from Google to Morgan Stanley to security giant RSA, and fingers point to China as the culprit. The author gets an exclusive look at the raging cyber-war—Operation Aurora! Operation Shady rat!—and learns why Washington has been slow to fight back. Related: Michael Joseph Gross goes inside Operation Shady Rat."
Hacking the Predator
Insurgents Hack U.S. Drones. "Militants in Iraq have used $26 off-the-shelf software to intercept live video feeds from U.S. Predator drones, potentially providing them with information they need to evade or monitor U.S. military operations." [Via]
Neurosecurity: security and privacy for neural devices. "An increasing number of neural implantable devices will become available in the near future due to advances in neural engineering. This discipline holds the potential to improve many patients' lives dramatically by offering improved—and in some cases entirely new—forms of rehabilitation for conditions ranging from missing limbs to degenerative cognitive diseases. The use of standard engineering practices, medical trials, and neuroethical evaluations during the design process can create systems that are safe and that follow ethical guidelines; unfortunately, none of these disciplines currently ensure that neural devices are robust against adversarial entities trying to exploit these devices to alter, block, or eavesdrop on neural signals. The authors define 'neurosecurity'—a version of computer science security principles and methods applied to neural engineering—and discuss why neurosecurity should be a critical consideration in the design of future neural devices." [Via Mind Hacks]
Tracking GhostNet: Investigating a Cyber Espionage Network. "A vast electronic spying operation has infiltrated computers and has stolen documents from hundreds of government and private offices around the world, including those of the Dalai Lama, Canadian researchers have concluded. In a report to be issued this weekend, the researchers said that the system was being controlled from computers based almost exclusively in China, but that they could not say conclusively that the Chinese government was involved." [more inside]
Cyber Command Über Alles
Attention Geeks and Hackers: Uncle Sam's Cyber Force Wants You! [more inside]
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Richard Belzer doesn't have any movies playing in theaters.
If you feel like heading out, check out other movies in theaters.
Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work
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Nicky Hockly: I've attended a lot of conferences this year. Attending talks and plenaries is a wonderful opportunity for my own professional development, and I often get to see excellent presenters in action.
During the past few months, I've been keeping notes on what makes some of these conference presentations so engaging (and others less so). Here's a 1-minute guide to being a good conference presenter.
Via Baiba Svenca


text: hey guys hope the hunting season is going well for all!!!! i have a question for a bowset up for leopard. i know it is dangerous game but in terms of rifle hunting a leopard can be taken with a much smaller caliber than most dangerous game! is this the same in bow hunting....what setup would be good enough???? i know its still dangerous game so would rather be sure and ask someone with experience!!! Many thanx


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I can't to hear a new update on your birth plans!! Best wishes for this venture:)
*~*~Aime's (redmachchick) Birth Lodge~*~*
Welcome to your lodge!
Welcome to your lodge.
welcome to your lodge!
Welcome to your lodge, Aime!!
Yay, Aimee, welcome to your lodge!
Oh wow! I have a lodge! LOL
I haven't been posting as much as I'd like too...I have an extreme bout of procrastination lately...
We are planning on a HBAC2C with an awesome dr/midwife. She is a naturalopathic (sp?) dr and also a midwife who has been delivering babies for 20+ years. I really like her a lot! She seems very very intuitive about pregnancy and our bodies.
Things are going really well over here and my lil man has dropped a lot into my pelvis and I've been having contrax and extreme crampiness already. Which for me I think is a good thing because with my last pregnancy I got none of that..nada until my water broke and then went on to have a great birth but unsuccessful vbac. I think things are going to be different this time since babe is NOT a posterior babe and has been in prime postion for awhile now. *fingers crossed*
We have THE homevisit scheduled for monday and everyone is coming over here to go over everything. I will have DH the midwife and a good friend here for the birth so they will be there and plus my mw is bringing some doulas she wants me to meet and choose for childcare and postpartum doula. I am not getting a doula for the birth since the last time she didn't do anything to help me labor the two days at home...but was wonderful at the hospital so I'm afraid of going that route again and wasting my $$.
I'm thinking next week sometime I'm going to ask my mw to do accupuncture on me. We talked about doing it at 38 weeks and I figure if things havent happened by next thursday or friday I'll go in to have her poke me! I'll be a few days shy of 38 weeks...it couldn't hurt! I've been walking a lot and on the birth ball and also DTD a lot and I think its whats helping my baby drop and all the cramps...:)
So thats pretty much it I think...just waiting around to see when lil man will make his appearance. thanks for the lodge!!:) I will try to be better about posting on it!
welcome to your lodge Amie! I am so glad I was lurking and found this. I wish you the best of luck with your homebirth. I am rooting for you. Sounds like you have a great MW.
Welcome to your lodge and wishing you the best with your HBA2C.
Cross posted from my BB...I'm way too lazy to type it all out!
We had the last homevisit yesterday before I have this little man..
which is the last one before I have this lil man! I totally meant to post about it yesterday but afterwards we went to look at a truck and ended up getting home late and all I wanted was the BED!
So everyone was there DH my best friend Laura and my midwife and two doula's that I have never met. They brought the birth pool in tow as well... Since I am so late in my pregnancy moving here Dr. L (my midwife) thought it would be good to meet two of the doulas at the homevisit as I'm looking for a postpartum and a childcare doula.
We had a great time all of us together and I just "click" so well with my midwife and I especially like the doula she chose for me to watch the kiddos. I feel like my kids will be in great hands and the plan will be to call her when I absolutely in hard labor and need her to come get them.
I broke down and cried about the lack of support I got from my midwife and doula at my last birth and they didn't make me feel stupid for crying actually were happy I felt comfortable enough to express myself like that. They assured me this won't happen this time... I also asked Dr. L to cut me if it looks like I'm going to tear up(its my weird fear at the moment)...and even though I have some scar tissue from a previous surgery she has a lot of faith that I'm not going to need it. She said she has been delivering babies for 25 years and she hasn't had to give a episotomy in a LOONG time...like when she was first starting out!
And....I made an appt on THIS SATURDAY with Dr. L for my acupuncture and possibly I will be taking some herbs along with to (hopefully) get things started!! I'm SOOO excited! Unfortunately my friend who is supposed to be here for the birth is going to Maui this weekend but she should be back on Sunday so I guess we will see how it goes!
Ditto what I said on the BB I'm so happy for you!
Welcome to your lodge!!!
Welcome to your lodge!! Sounds like you have a great MW!
Welcome to your lodge. Yay for having a midwife and doula you feel so comfortable with.
YAY!! I'm going to see my midwife for acupuncture and probably herbs too today! I'm so excited! I hope it gets things started!
Has anyone had acupuncture to help things along? We will see how things go!:)
Welcome to your lodge! Sounds like you have a great support team!
"redmachchick" wrote:
YAY!! I'm going to see my midwife for acupuncture and probably herbs too today! I'm so excited! I hope it gets things started!
Has anyone had acupuncture to help things along? We will see how things go!:)
My 1st MW suggested it and I went only to end up induced 5 hours later due to low fluid after my u/s. Kinda bad timing on my part. I do remember the acupuncturist said it usually takes a couple times for it to work and that I shoud have come in at 40 weeks, not 41+ weeks.
Aime, I hope everything is going well, and I can't wait for an update. I know it has been a long one for you... hang in there mama!! Not too much longer until you will be holding that beautiful baby. You all are in my thoughts.
Congratulations on your little (big) guy Take care of yourself. I hope you heal quickly and I can't wait to see pictures! (((BIG HUGS)))
thinking of you! hope we get an update soon!
I hope all went well with your labor and can't wait to hear an update. I am assuming congrats are in order!
I'll let her tell her own story but it was posted in June that yes, she did deliver and congrats are in order!
Congratulations! I can't wait to hear all about it!
Congratulations! I'm looking forward to your story!
YAY! Congratulations!!!


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Non-Tennis Discussions > General Discussions
What I'm listening to now....
(1/320) > >>
These days it's not often that one CD or album (to go back the days of my youth) stays in or on my player for longer than one listen then on to the next thing. Once in awhile something will grab me and hold me for a long time.
My Ipod has made music interchangeable. I'll be listening to dance/techno, then switch to corn pone country, then off to some other country with some exotic flavor. Not one CD or artist stays for longer than a day or two.
My first introduction to Pizzicato Five lasted 3 months. I listened to Happy End of the World everyday until I got seriously sick of it. That got me into Cornelius and his Fantasia lasted 6 months. Recently Manu Chau took center stage for quite awhile. At least a month or two.
Still, frequently, I get a taste of something from the past and have to charge through that discography. I hear a U-2 song and simply had to listen to Unforgetable Fire and War again. A recent Rush discussion had me playing them for a day. Did you know they have a new CD out? Pretty solid Rush.
So what am I playing now?
I just got a copy of the newest Buddha Bar collection. Buddha Bar IX. This is a return to past form. DJ Ravin retakes the reigns and spins an exotic web of beautiful chill out bliss with interesting spicey stuff thrown in. Buddha Bar hasn't been this good since Vol 4, five or six years ago. I think Ravin also mixed that one too.
Tough to find as it's only released in Europe, but should show up in US store the next month or so. Worth picking up. I think this one has some staying power.
I listen to metal . Such bands as, demons and wizards, lamb of god, metallica, iced earth, king diamond etc.
OSU Buckeye:
--- Quote from: "blisteringboom" ---I listen to metal . Such bands as, demons and wizards, lamb of god, metallica, iced earth, king diamond etc.
--- End quote ---
Welcome back BB! Where you been? My buddies and I started listening to Metallica back in High School and have been a big fan ever since! What about Megadeth?
It's a heavy metal world, and I'm just forced to live in it. ;>)
:uh: :cowboy: :uh:
OSU Buckeye:
--- Quote from: "dmastous" ---It's a heavy metal world, and I'm just forced to live in it. ;>)
:uh: :cowboy: :uh:
--- End quote ---
Nah, I can get down with almost any music though the beats of rap are proly my favorite. Actually, I like techno and other genres with good beats a lot also! :uh:
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Pinched, Pleated And Pintucked
This is my entry for the Mid-Atlantic Cake Wedding Cake Competition 2008. The theme was "Fabric Fantasies". I chose to reproduce silk taffeta in 3 different forms. What a pain in the tuckus! I used ivory fondant then airbrushed it with champagne luster dust then sprayed pearl over it. The roses are fondnant rolled to looke like fabric roses. The topper is a styrofoam ball covered in fondnat and the roses. The base of the topper is gumpaste.
Comments (3)
YALANTZI on
Wow 8O that looks great. I love the texture
lcabralacores on
that cake is beatiful love the texture. great job.
scodega on
amazing cake
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