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Latest News
Strictly Ballroom The Musical: Our ballroom insider Sally Sequins shares rooftop photoshoot blog and video
G'Day Poms, Sally Sequins here, back at the West Yorkshire Playhouse again. I'm continuing my exciting journey alongside the team of Strictly Ballroom The Musical to bring you more exclusive information of the upcoming UK premiere. This time, I've been behind the scenes of a fabulous photoshoot where we had a first look at the… Read more »
Hannah Elsy, Production Assistant on Wasted gives her exclusive insight into the new production. Wasted is a new rock musical charting the lives of the Brontë family by Chris Ash (Showstopper! The Improvised Musical) and Carl Miller (Emil and The Detectives, National Theatre), and directed by Adam Lenson. The show- in- development has won the Kevin Spacey Foundation Award and has received… Read more »
Charley Miles, a talented young playwright from Kilburn, North Yorkshire, has won a bursary to become West Yorkshire Playhouse's new Writer In Residence for 2017. She is one of five theatre writers to win a Channel 4 Playwrights' Scheme Bursary which celebrates and supports emerging British writing talent. Charley's first play, Blackthorn, was performed in… Read more »
West Yorkshire Playhouse, Mercury Musical Developments and Musical Theatre Network are delighted to announce Harry Blake as The Cameron Mackintosh Resident Composer at the Playhouse. Through this scheme musical theatre composers are paired with a venue, and given the opportunity to be involved in a range of work which could include underscoring plays, setting text… Read more »
West Yorkshire Playhouse is supporting a national drive as one of 20 theatres urging the Immigration Minister to speed up the process for vulnerable young people living at the soon to be dismantled Calais refugee camp who are legally entitled to join their families in the UK. Though aware that a visit to the theatre… Read more »
West Yorkshire Playhouse has been shortlisted in the 2016 Leeds Lifestyle Awards for the Best Cultural Attraction category. The winner of the award will be decided by public vote, so if you're passionate about the performances on our stages and our work within the community, please vote today: www.leedslifestyleawards.com The Awards will be filmed and… Read more »
Nicky Taylor, Community Development Manager It's the end of the fourth week of rehearsals for Anniversary, a brand new contemporary theatre piece we are making at West Yorkshire Playhouse with The Performance Ensemble. With a company aged between 50 and 90, this is a unique show and a fascinating process. It brings together world class… Read more »
Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion will open at the Playhouse on Friday 3 February running through to Saturday 25th. The co-production between West Yorkshire Playhouse, Headlong and Nuffield is directed by Sam Pritchard with sound design by Ben and Max Ringham and is designed by Alex Lowde. Shaw's celebrated play was first staged over 100 years ago… Read more »
G'Day Poms. Sally Sequins here – I recently flew in from down under to get the low down on West Yorkshire Playhouse's upcoming Christmas show, the UK premiere of Strictly Ballroom The Musical. I'll be hanging out here for a few months and giving you bits of backstage gossip about this fantastic musical, which… Read more »
The first play by Yorkshire writer, Charley Miles is to be unveiled in the Barber Studio at West Yorkshire Playhouse. Blackthorn is a contemporary, lyrical love story which powerfully reflects local language and landscapes. It tells of the intense bonds that form between the only two children born to a tiny village in a… Read more »
Sam Lips & Gemma Sutton to play iconic roles of Scott & Fran Dazzling new production directed & choreographed by 2016 Olivier Award winner Drew McOnie UK Premiere Weds 30 Nov – Sat 21 Jan at West Yorkshire Playhouse The full cast has been announced for STRICTLY BALLROOM THE MUSICAL, with an international company coming… Read more »
The new rock musical about the Brontës being staged at West Yorkshire Playhouse has won a prestigious award from the Kevin Spacey Foundation. Wasted, a work-in-progress musical which is part of the Brontë season at the Playhouse, marking the bicentenary of Charlotte Brontë's birth, took the UK Musical Theatre prize in the awards that recognise… Read more »
For two weeks in August, Summer Sublets invites professional artists from all disciplines to occupy the Playhouse. We'll give over as many rooms as we can to artists who need rehearsal space, desk space, writing space, singing space, dancing space, recording space or breathing space. These rooms will be rough and ready, varied in size… Read more »
An award-winning firm of architects have been appointed to develop plans for the landmark refurbishment of West Yorkshire Playhouse. After inviting designers to bid for the project, Leeds City Council has appointed Page \ Park Architects to lead on the design for a major capital development of the Leeds theatre. The Glasgow based architects will… Read more »
We're looking forward to the very first Beyond Festival Day, a celebration of learning disabled artists in Leeds, on Saturday 18 June, 12pm – 4pm. Join us at the Playhouse for an afternoon of pop-up performances in the foyer and outside. Relax with lunch or a coffee in the Playhouse cafe, catch up with friends and… Read more »
Assistant Director for Kes, Martin Leonard tells us about his recent visit to SMJ Falconry centre in search of inspiration for the production. Going on the excursion are Jack Lord and Dan Parr, the two actors in Kes, and members of the creative team – Amy Leach (Director), Max Johns (Designer), Lucy Cullingford (Movement Director), Tom Mills (Sound… Read more »
A guide instructing theatres on how to stage performances for people living with dementia is being published by West Yorkshire Playhouse in Dementia Awareness Week. West Yorkshire Playhouse's Guide To Dementia Friendly Performances provides best practice advice based on its award-winning performance model, in which the theatre-going experience is specifically tailored to meet the needs… Read more »
A grant of £375,731 has been awarded by the Big Lottery Fund to West Yorkshire Playhouse for its provision of creative opportunities for young people with learning disabilities. The grant will fund the Buzz programme for four years enabling the Playhouse to expand its regular arts programme for young learning disabled people aged 14-25. Accessed… Read more »
An invitation from James Brining, Artistic Director of West Yorkshire Playhouse: Inspired by our co-production with Improbable and Northern Stage, of Opening Skinner's Box, I would like to invite you to an event that explores how art and science can collaborate. Opening Skinner's Box is a new piece of theatre inspired by the book of… Read more »
On the bicentenary of Charlotte Brontë's birth, West Yorkshire Playhouse is thrilled to announce its Brontë Season will take centre stage this Autumn Winter 2016. Exploring the extraordinary works of Yorkshire's iconic literary family, the season centres on three new West Yorkshire Playhouse commissions: a major new adaptation of Villette, a work in progress staging of a… Read more »
Interested in performing in a unique production at West Yorkshire Playhouse, inspired by Leeds' history? Join our chorus, develop your performing skills and have fun. West Yorkshire Playhouse is looking to cast 60 women in our community cast for Alice Nutter's Barnbow Canaries; a new play about the women of the Barnbow factory, a munitions factory… Read more »
Laura Marsden talks to Yasmin Sherif about being part of West Yorkshire Playhouse's Youth Theatre and gives an insight into being a Trainee Director on the upcoming show What Are The Like? Yasmin has been a member of the Youth Theatre since it started in 2012. The Youth Theatre encourages the young people to perform and undertake non-performance… Read more »
A West Yorkshire Playhouse and Opera North co-production Into The Woods Music and Lyrics Stephen Sondheim. Book by James Lapine Director James Brining. Conductor James Holmes West Yorkshire Playhouse Artistic Director James Brining is looking to cast 24 children (2 groups of 12) in Stephen Sondheim's Into The Woods at the Playhouse from 2 –… Read more »
To Cha Cha Cha In To The UK For Christmas 2016 Dazzling New Production Created By Baz Luhrmann Directed & Choreographed By Drew McOnie The first UK staging of STRICTLY BALLROOM THE MUSICAL – based on the much loved film that inspired the world to dance – is to première at West Yorkshire Playhouse, Leeds on Wednesday 30… Read more »
Meeting one another for the first time… We begin day one with a meet and greet, attended by the entire cast and creative team, including Lucy Bailey (Director), Mike Britten (Designer), Emma Laxton (Sound Designer) as well as members of the Playhouse team, such as Suzi Cubbage (Head of Production) and Victoria Marzetti (Head of… Read more »
What does a read-through involve? A script read-through is an event in which the writer, director and actors read through the entire script. The actors will each be given characters to read including reading the stage directions. This can be a valuable stage in a writer's process of developing the script for a multitude of… Read more »
7 January 2016 West Yorkshire Playhouse Capital Funding Announcement West Yorkshire Playhouse successful in Stage One application to Arts Council England for capital redevelopment funding of £6.6m. Arts Council England has announced that West Yorkshire Playhouse was successful in its Stage One application for a grant of £6.6m towards a major capital redevelopment. The… Read more »
Day Time Christmas Eve 9am – 2.45pm Christmas Day Closed Boxing Day 11.30am – 2.45pm Sunday 27 December 9.30am – 6pm* Monday 28 – Wednesday 30 December 9am – 6pm* New Years Eve 9am – 2.45pm New Years Day Closed Saturday 2 January 9am – 6pm* *Please note pick up only from box office 6pm… Read more »
Our Carol likes everything just so, everything has a place and that is how it should stay. Here are Carol's words of wisdom to share with you; 'A cactus makes a wonderful friend. It always listens when you need to chat, and it always agrees with what you say' 'Cacti are very efficient with… Read more »
WANTED If you could make anything happen on stage tonight, what would it be? Given the time and space and resources, what would you really truly want? Chris Goode & Company, the makers of 9 and The Albemarle Sketchbook are making a brand new show, and right now, they know nothing about it. It's a… Read more »
Meet Carmen Brown (age 4), our mini reviewer for The Night Before Christmas. Check out Carmen's review of the show. 'It was really good. I liked it when the elf climbed up the stairs to see Santa. It was really funny. I want to see it again!'
With opening night next week, the cast and Company of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang have moved into the Quarry Theatre to rehearse on stage. Musical Director Andrew Hilton tells us about a typical day during tech week (short for technical week). This is when for the first time all the elements of the production start… Read more »
Rehearsals are in full swing for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Kathryn Barnes, Female Swing, takes us behind-the-scenes and gives us an insight into a typical day in rehearsals. It's my job, as Female Swing, to understudy 8 different parts in the show. A typical rehearsal day revolves around my 'Swing Bible' which contains maps of… Read more »
Lost Elf 30046 has his very own language. To keep you up to speed with what he is saying we have created you your very own Elf Phrasebook. Christmas Tree: Squishmas Twee Cracker: Crackie-crackie-jacker-crack Sweets: Swee-wee-yum-yum Snow Globe Itty-bitty snowy glowy Penguin Wen-win Click here to book tickets for The Night Before Christmas
Make yourself into an Elf Ever wanted to be an Elf for real? Well, now you can be with your very own 'elf yourself' handbook. Simply grab the items on the list and get creating. Albert aged 4 and his mum, The Night Before Christmas Director Amy, created these magnificent ones to get you started. Remember… Read more »
With less than a month until Chitty takes flight, here are 10 fun facts about the most fantasmagorical musical in the history of everything! 1 – Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is the only children's book written by James Bond author Ian Fleming. 2 – Chitty Chitty Bang Bang was based on two cars Fleming had driven – his own Standard… Read more »
Welcome to some of The Night Before Christmas cast and creative team. Meet Rose Wardlaw (left) and James Barrett (right) Rose plays Carol. If Rose was a real elf her name would be Jolly Twinkle-Poggy. James plays Elf 30046 and Roger who lives next door. If James was a real elf his… Read more »
Have a look at some of the photos from the Chitty Chitty Bang Bang company's first week at West Yorkshire Playhouse. Jon Robyns as Caractacus Potts, Lucy Sherman, Oscar Ward, Caitlin Surtees, Henry Kent, Lucy Grundy, Harry Grasby our Jeremys and Jemimas and Amy Griffiths as Truly Scrumptious. Caitlin Surtees as Jemima, Amy Griffiths as Truly Scrumptious… Read more »
Written by Francesca Murray-Fuentes, Assistant Director It's Tech Week Often the most intensive week of rehearsals, this is when we move into the performance space and get it all set up for the preview performances at the end of the week. One of the biggest challenges for the cast during tech week is getting the… Read more »
Written by Francesca Murray-Fuentes, Assistant Director Running the whole show Much of this week has been about building up to running the show as a whole, firstly running each Act, then running each of the two halves of the show, and finally running the show as it would on a performance night, including an interval but without… Read more »
Written by Francesca Murray-Fuentes, Assistant Director Week Four is concentrated on the final act, Richard's finale, and the blood that is shed in the lead up to his much-deserved end. Soundscapes This week a lot of energy goes into nailing Act 5, the lead up to the Battle of Bosworth and Richard's ultimate downfall. This final act… Read more »
Written by Francesca Murray-Fuentes, Assistant Director Week Three sees the company creating the build up to the final act of the play, some refining of each character's purpose within a scene, and an exploration of scene changes. Quick Changes Costume designer Gabriel Dalton, and the Wardrobe team at the Playhouse have quite a job on their… Read more »
We are excited to announce our casting for the much-loved Sherman Brothers musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, opening at the Playhouse on 2 December until 30 January 2016. Jon Robyns (Memphis, Spamalot, Avenue Q) will play Caractacus Potts, with Amy Griffiths (Everyman, Stephen Ward, The Pajama Game) as Truly Scrumptious. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang will… Read more »
Written by Dan Hutton, Assistant Director As I write this, the set for The Glass Menagerie is being built on the stage of the Courtyard Theatre at West Yorkshire Playhouse. After four weeks of rehearsals and many months of planning, we're now in the space itself and it, like Tom's memories, is all starting to… Read more »
Written by Francesca Murray-Fuentes, Assistant Director Week Two sees the rehearsal room filled with music, fight direction and the beginnings of staging scenes in the first three Acts, all finding the flavour of what this show will ultimately become. Love + Strategy The female characters in this play are complex and enjoyable to work… Read more »
Written by Dan Hutton, Assistant Director And so we start putting it all together… After the relatively quiet and calm(ish) contemplation of the first fortnight, we've had a mad, busy week. We've been pulling scenes apart, playing with dozens of ideas, getting to know these characters inside-out and throwing things around – both literally and… Read more »
Rose Wardlaw and James Barrett, the new Graduate Actors at West Yorkshire Playhouse, are recalling their first stage appearances. "I was probably four when I played a piece of Lego in the Nativity," says Rose. Coincidentally young James also debuted in the Nativity – a different production and a bigger role as Joseph. The… Read more »
Written by Francesca Murray-Fuentes, Assistant Director Our rehearsals begin with a meet-and-greet of everyone working on Richard III, the cast, creatives, Stage Management, Production, Creative Engagement, and Marketing. Mark Rosenblatt (the director), Conor Murphy (set) and Gabriel Dalton (costume) talk us through the model box (a mini to-scale version of the set) and costume design,… Read more »
Written by Dan Hutton, Assistant Director Week Two is a strange but exciting place. At the same time as trying to understand the rich, layered text in front of you, you're also making certain decisions about the production you have to put in front of an audience in three (THREE!) weeks. Nonetheless, it's where some… Read more »
Written by Dan Hutton, Assistant Director One of the major tasks of any first week of rehearsals is to bring together a company in order to create a shared understanding of the text in question. For four weeks' rehearsal and months of performances to follow, it's important to cohere this group of people – all… Read more »
Summer Sublets Professional artists from all disciplines are occupying West Yorkshire Playhouse as it hosts 15 artists and companies in the two-week Summer Sublets where they'll be given the space and support to imagine, develop and share their brand new ideas. "This year we are also encouraging the artists in residency to meet each other,… Read more »
The cast of Immune say you can't compare the experience to any other. It's totally different from other productions in which they've appeared. "It feels more professional. I've been in school productions and it's not the same as Immune," says Lisa. "It's a new play and people here are genuinely interested in new writing… Read more »
Maxine Peake's witty, charming and critically acclaimed play celebrates the life of unsung sporting legend Beryl Burton – the greatest woman on two wheels. When Beryl Charnock met keen cyclist Charlie Burton she was smitten, not only with Charlie but with the thrill and freedom she found on her bike. She would out-work the… Read more »
Welcome to the new West Yorkshire Playhouse Website.


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Cane Other Uses Of Canes
A selection of articles related to cane other uses of canes.
Original articles from our library related to the Cane Other Uses Of Canes. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Cane Other Uses Of Canes.
- What is hypnotic trance? Does it provide unusual physical or mental capacities?
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Parapsychology >> Hypnosis
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Religions >> Christianity & Paganism
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Body Mysteries >> Yoga
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Hotels near Saggart Station
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- Most bookedCitywest Hotel
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"Hotel is in a great location for both a visit to Dublin and Kildare Shopping Village. The grounds are lovely, and the reception and hotel staff were very friendly and helpful. The decor in the bedrooms are a little dated but the room was huge and nice & warm. The breakfast was lovely also as was ..."
A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB
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"Very relaxing and quite place! Hotel staff friendly! Hotel room clean and spotless"
A Traveller, Oct 2016, IE
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"Perfect family food could not fault it will stay here again for sure "
A Traveller, Oct 2016, IE
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"Hotel was clean and rooms were lovely, kitted out with a kettle and hair dryer. We also had a balcony with an amazing view . 69 bus stop was right outside the hotel doors that went to the city centre for 3.30euros but we werent told that the bus's dont give you change back, so have the correct ch..."
A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB
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"We always stay at the Maldron when we visit our son and his family. usually three times a year, we find it convenient and comfortable "
A Traveller, Oct 2016, GB
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"Neat, modern hotel with helpful staff. It's located on the outskirts of the city, but right next to the tram line into the city centre, which we found really convenient for getting around. The large shopping mall across the road was also convenient. Breakfasts were good."
D, Oct 2016, CA
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"This is an independent personal review of the place. The better half and I were traveling through Ireland and decided to call this place a home for the night. What an awesome place. The location is rural but the views are stunning. The rooms themselves are very clean, tidy and comfortable. The ow..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, GB
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"Loved the room, hotel was off the main road, entrance was obscured and easily missed."
A Traveller, Oct 2016, US
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"As the heating in the first room I was given didn't work, I was given another room, again the heating failed to work here. Finally in the third room I was given the heating did work and I had a comfortable night. I wish to thank the Hotel staff for their courtesy and understanding."
A Traveller, Oct 2016, IE
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"Finnstown is absolutely stunning. It's set deep behind a long road of trees and feels far away in the countryside despite being only minutes outside Dublin's city center. The only downside to this hotel is it's distance from the city center, you'll need a cab and it can add up, but I felt it was ..."
M, Oct 2016, US
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14 years of experience
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Been going to her for about a year now, One of the worst ran office i have ever been to. Will not go back will not take my kids there, I was told told she was to busy to talk to me ????? never heard a DR to busy to talk to someone that was paying them to talk. Do not go to her she only stop in for 5 mins and leave , Then you have to deal with a rude nurse,. I called to explain why i never come back and was hung up by debbie twice BEWARE


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- États-Unis, Femme, 18-24
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- 4 Avis
Good hostel especially for the price. But the only two restrooms were rather small, needed construction and weren't very clean. The rooms were decent but the beds weren't very comfortable along with limited privacy. The best part is the balcony and the cool receptionist! Tall, red hair, very nice lady.
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Maximum Likelihood Examples
A selection of articles related to maximum likelihood examples.
Original articles from our library related to the Maximum Likelihood Examples. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Maximum Likelihood Examples.
- The Case of Ted Owens (The PK Man)
- The principal concern of most readers will be whether the evidence in the Ted Owens case, as presented by Dr. Mishlove, is true beyond a reasonable doubt. Were this case the only case open to investigation it might well be considered beyond the pale of...
>> Psychic Abilities
- Christ's Role, As He Might Have Meant It: a Discussion
- It seems that organized religion has assumed the role of Christ in the dispensation of Truth, be it relating to the church itself or in the very Word of God. The Pope, when speaking in his official capacity, is considered to be the mouthpiece of God."...
Religions >> Christianity
- Software of the Mind #3: Implementing Natural Software
- " Logic " is a primary means for the refinement of the mental vehicle in particular. A common view of logic is that it is merely a system of reasoning that is in itself without direction. This view holds that logic is only a framework of...
Mystic Sciences >> Mind
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 4
- THE TRANSFORMATION OF CATERPILLAR TO BUTTERFLY It is not difficult to see that the whole Agenda behind owning a bigger home, a newer car and more land is one of ego. This is an orientation toward the building of an empire of material wealth, in a vain...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
- What is Hypnosis?
- Hypnosis refers to just about any situation where we respond to verbal suggestions in a particular special way. This involves a mentally very flexible condition where our imagination and fantasy are more free and more vivid. A series of instructions, called...
Parapsychology >> Hypnosis
- The Perpetual Raising: Part 3
- (Part 3 of 5) The body is an instrument through which we interact with the physical plane, as souls or conscious beings. As we refine this instrument through meditation, and ideally with pure foods and sufficient exercise, the body becomes, "a spiritual...
Mind >> World Mind
- Hypnosis, volition, and mind control.
- 5.1. Is the hypnotist in control of me? The exact nature of what we experience as 'will' or volition is anage-old philosophical problem that has yet to be resolved by brain scientistsor psychologists. Some aspects of hypnotic responding point out weaknesses...
Parapsychology >> Hypnosis
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- The Beta for both examples above are 1, suggesting that each security very closely follows the market. However, in practice these two Betas are very different.
- The complete guide to how Trump can make himself the first American dictator
- But there is a long tradition of this type of behavior, both within our country (Nixon) and without (Putin, to pick one of countless examples). If he can appoint ... He will give the military maximum support.
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The NFL is known as the "Not For Long" league, and for good reason. More so than in any other sport, aging veterans are cast aside for young talent. Players who were once league MVPs can become on the roster bubble in just a few seasons.
Here are 50 players who will have to swallow their pride and accept that their careers are rapidly coming to a close.


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Are Electric Cars A Part Of Your Future?
It appears that not so long ago, electric vehicles were a very distant possibility. However, in todays world, electrical cars are becoming popular and may very well be considered a large a part of our not-so distant future. Electric cars have been tried, produced, and tested by several manufacturers and individuals are excited about the prospect. Let"s have a look at the many benefits that could go along with the future of electric cars and why we should consider it as a chance within our own future.
Electric vehicles are together cleaner and better for the environment. By driving electric cars, our generation may virtually expel air pollution and make the air cleaner for future generations. Better air to breathe is a necessity and electric vehicles can work to offer that.
Electric cars are more affordable than fuel powered cars. Browse this URL residential electrical contractors mount prospect to research why to mull over this view. Reports on electric cars have shown that to get a individual vehicle it"ll cost less to run the electric cars, than filling your car or truck up each week with gas. In fact, for about $30, electric cars can run for one entire month. Using the price of fuel increasing at a consistent speed, a nice break would be offered our finances by electric cars. Voltechelectric.Net/Residential.Html/ is a striking online database for further about where to flirt with this thing. Maintenance is more affordable as well; you"ll not need to be concerned about changing the oil, distributing your car for a smog check, or having a tune up performed on electric cars.
Noise pollution is something all of us complain about, especially inside the larger towns. Electrical cars give a quieter environment for everyone involved. The near future of electric cars mean no more 3 AM get up calls by our neighbors noisy cars. Furthermore, those that live near busy streets and highways can rest and live easier with no additional tones from the cars driving down the streets.
One problem about electric cars reaches the current time it cannot travel extremely far without seeking a charge. 2-5 to 60 miles on one charge is about all it is possible to expect now in time. Nevertheless, some places provide charging stations, for instance those in California can demand their electric cars for longer visits and stop at-a charging station. It takes around three hours to fully charge the electric cars before you are all set again. The technology of electric vehicles continues to be being constructed and research; we are able to expect great things in the areas in the future. Browse here at the link research voltechelectric residential professional electrician mount prospect to explore where to mull over this hypothesis.
In the end, we are all accountable for its preservation and all live here in the world. Voltechelectric includes more concerning the reason for this belief. Everybody must do their part, nevertheless seemingly small which may be. Use of electric vehicles is just one possibility to take into account in preserving total well being on the planet for future generations and mine..
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brought to you by Rhiana Moonstar's Little Witch House
Receptive. Element: Earth. Spodumene with lithium. Pink, clear. Powerful, high level stone. Strengthens healers, teachers. Opens the emotional heart and spiritual heart. Unconditional lovingness, compassion. Healing abuse/loss/addictions. Helps emotional balance, confidence, connection to higher self, oneness. Reduces depression, mood swings, stress, radiation. Brow and crown chakras.
Deepens altered state, psychic readings, healing, being centered emotionally and spiritually. Distinctive flattened crystals with deep striations. Encourages self-esteem and helps to remove insecurities. Relaxes your heart space. Enables pent up communication to come out in a thoughtful caring manner. Simply dissolves negativity and fear. Works to contact spirit guides, angels, nature spirits and totem animals. Further enhances communication with these entities. Sets up a pathway for continuance of contact. Stimulates intuition while in meditation. Opens the door way to the subconscious and provides a shield for unwanted energies. Used to eliminate energy blockages. Clears meridians and helps to reduce cholesterol. Works to strengthen the physical heart. Widely used for addictive disorders and calming nervous disorders. It is extensively mined for its Lithium content.
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- Chic? Naturally
- Kunzite, pink sapphire, diamond and gold ring; pink gold bamboo bangle by Gucci; Horsebit black chalcedony, diamond and pink gold cocktail ring by Gucci; Provident Jewelers. Gold-embellished cork clutch by Sondra Roberts; Sara Campbell. Flower with ...
- Accessories Scene: New York Fashion Week Fall 2016
- Highlights included a torque-style choker in 18-karat white gold and diamond flanked by two stunning tanzanites; a large emerald and black diamond double pendant, and a gold cuff with rubies, black diamond with kunzite center stone.
- Meet the silversmith freedom fighter who is changing lives
- "We paid a fair price and brought some of the stones back for testing; they turned out to be genuine aquamarine, topaz, kunzite, rose quartz and amethyst. They were cut, set and polished in the UK as part of our 'Jesus Rocks' collection. "This has now ...
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- Metroterkini.com - Batu Kunzite pertama kali ditemukan di Amerika Serikat. Namun saat ini Batu Kunzite banyak ditemukan di negara Afghanistan dan Pakistan.
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- Kunzite - International Colored Gemstone
- One of these 'young' gemstones is kunzite, with its delicate pink hues, a gem which is seen more and more often nowadays, making an attractive eye-catcher in ...
- www.gemstone.org
- Spodumene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- It occurs as colorless to yellowish, purplish, or lilac kunzite (see below), yellowish -green or emerald-green hiddenite, prismatic crystals, often of great size.
- en.wikipedia.org
- Kunzite Meanings and Uses | Crystal Vaults
- Kunzite is a beautiful crystal, pure in energy and joyful in nature. In palest pink to light violet hues, it is a Stone of Emotion, opening and connecting the heart to ...
- www.crystalvaults.com
- Buy Loose Kunzite Gemstones at Wholesale Prices from GemSelect
- Kunzite is the pale pink-violet to light violet species of the mineral spodumene. Kunzite is named as a tribute to George F. Kunz, the American mineralogist who ...
- www.gemselect.com
- Kunzite Gemstone Information - GemSelect
- Oct 24, 2006 Kunzite is the pale pink to light-violet gem-quality variety of the pyroxene mineral spodumene, a lithium aluminum inosilicate. Kunzite was first ...
- www.gemselect.com
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Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
I'm Amazed!!
I think that was the smoothest frame by frame movie I've ever seen. Happy Birthday!!!
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good flash
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Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
Great stuff.
This would have had more of an impact on me if i did not closely watch this already a billion times. I looked over the loop alot, and its not perfect, but the movements are very real and far beyond me ( for right now, hehe). You did a great job with it all. Hope to see some more full lengths from you some time, but this is a great showcase of your talent.
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Feliz cumpleaños!! Debes saber que me encantan tus peliculas y que esperoq ue hagas mcuhas mas!! Feliz cumpleaños de nuevo!


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$ 1.50
Our Gel Tones are blends of micas, pigments and dyes suspended in vegetable glycerin and water.
1 fl. oz. will color approximately 8 pounds of Melt & Pour soap and 2 to 4 pounds of Cold Process soap to a medium shade.
The following reviews are from our old website, and predate 2015. Items were ranked from 1 - 5.
$ 2,400.00
On this page you are purchasing 20,000 of the square pans measuring 38mm x 38mm...


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Intel plans big splash for Mobile World Congress
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Brandon Manitoba Radio Stations
A selection of articles related to brandon manitoba radio stations.
Original articles from our library related to the Brandon Manitoba Radio Stations. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Brandon Manitoba Radio Stations.
- More Group Mind Basics (GM2)
- The similarities between the function of a two-way radio and the human body can be quite surprising. The body/mind constantly emits all aspects of our internal state to the environment, and in turn receives inputs from the world in the same manner. When we...
Mind >> Telepathy and Group Mind
- Religious Tolerance In Springfield and the Greenleaf Coven
- Religious intolerance is alive and well in Springfield Missouri. The question is, to what degree, and in the terminology of "The Burning Times", how high are the flames? In 1999, the court case of Jean Webb vs. The City of Republic was a headliner...
Paganism & Wicca >> True Stories
- The Perpetual Raising: Part 3
- (Part 3 of 5) The body is an instrument through which we interact with the physical plane, as souls or conscious beings. As we refine this instrument through meditation, and ideally with pure foods and sufficient exercise, the body becomes, "a spiritual...
Mind >> World Mind
- A View on the Wiccan Rede
- I was listening to radio evangelist Bob Larson talk to a witch on his radio show. The witch mentioned the Wiccan Rede "as you harm none, do as you will." He snorted and ridiculed the idea that such a simple idea could be a legitimate basis for...
Paganism & Wicca >> The Wiccan Rede
- Am I Damned?: Part 1
- (Excerpted from a planned website, much of this material has already appeared in answer to various questions on the boards, especially in General Earth Spirituality. I will attempt to redact it for this forum, as much of the arguments contained here are basic...
Religions >> Christianity & Paganism
- Lynne, Carol
- Growing up surrounded by music, Carole Lynne's musical education has ranged from the informal training of her parents teaching her how to sing jazz to formal instruction at The Juilliard School of Music, University of Michigan Music School, and The American...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- ASTRONICA: Blessing or Nightmare for Astrology?
- If NASA's engineers only had eleventh-century astronomy knowledge, do you think they could have landed the "Rover" on Mars? If modern day astrophysicists could only make use of ancient Assyrian astronomy, do you think they would have been able to...
Mystic Sciences >> Astrology
Brandon Manitoba Radio Stations is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Brandon Manitoba Radio Stations books and related discussion.
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- Manitoba party leaders debate economy, health care and more in radio debate
- WINNIPEG - Manitoba's three main party leaders traded barbs over taxes, the economy, health care and social media Monday as they squared off in a 90-minute debate on radio station CJOB. There were no knockout punches as the leaders stuck close to ...
- When do the clocks go forward in 2016? And why do we change to BST and should we?
- The cities of Winnipeg and Brandon in Manitoba followed on April 24, 1916. According to the April 3, 1916, edition of the Manitoba Free Press, Daylight Saving Time in ....
- full strength wheat kings overwhelm undermanned blades
- It took them almost 15 minutes to take advantage of their undermanned, flu-ravaged opponent...but, once the Brandon Wheat Kings opened the scoring, they simply overwhelmed the Saskatoon Blades by a 7-1 score Friday. Following a 6-3 loss to visiting ...
- Tories missing out on chance to engage local voters
- With little more than seven weeks remaining until the April 19 provincial election, Manitoba's Progressive Conservative Party has officially announced those debates in which its leader, Brian Pallister, will be participating.
- Aggies Pull Away From Basketball in Second Half
- COLLEGE STATION, Texas – Tenth-ranked Texas A&M used a 16-3 run midway through the second half to break open a tight game as the Aggies remained undefeated at home with a 71-57 win over LSU here Tuesday night at Reed Arena.
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Taco Bell customers get cash instead of food
Taco Bell drive-thru gives cash, not food
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (AP) — That was no burrito.
Three people who ordered food at a Taco Bell drive-thru in western Michigan got something more valuable: $3,600 in cash.
A Taco Bell employee mistakenly passed the cash to the trio instead of their food Saturday. The money was returned a short time later.
Kennidi Rue told WZZM-TV and MLive.com that she and two friends thought about keeping the money but decided they would feel guilty if they didn't return it. Grand Rapids police Capt. Jeff Hertel confirmed the incident, saying an officer was called to assist.
"I thought it was joke," said Rue, 18, of Holland, Mich. "I thought we were on camera. … The store manager literally just burst out in tears. She was so happy we brought it back."
The money was in a store bag for deposit at a bank. A message seeking comment was left with Taco Bell.
Rue, boyfriend Grant Kruse, 20, and another friend, Luke Postma, 25, got their meal when they returned the money.
Fitness test waived for cybersoldiers
LONDON (AP) — Flabby keyboard jockeys, stringy coders and out-of-shape hackers: The British military wants you.
British Defense Minister Philip Hammond told lawmakers Wednesday that military physical aptitude tests won't apply to computer experts working as reservists.
He says the military will "specifically be recruiting cyberreservists, who will not necessarily have to have the same levels of fitness or deployability as reservists in general."
Britain, like other countries, is boosting its electronic capabilities as attention increasingly turns to the twin threats of cyberespionage and cybersabotage.
The U.K. is already active in the world of hacking.
Documents recently leaked by U.S. intelligence worker Edward Snowden have revealed details of alleged aggressive British cyberattacks against other countries' diplomats at international conferences.
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Monday, September 19, 2016
Feds Take Action to Address Religious Discrimination in School
The steps include a new website on religious discrimination, an updated civil rights complaint form, an expanded survey of America's public schools on religious-based bullying, technical assistance for schools, and recent outreach on confronting religious harassment in education.
"Students of all religions should feel safe, welcome and valued in our nation's schools," said Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Catherine E. Lhamon. "We will continue to work with schools and communities to stop discrimination and harassment so that all students have an equal opportunity to participate in school no matter who they are, where they come from or which faith, if any, they subscribe to."
September 19, 2016 in Bullying and Harassment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tuesday, May 24, 2016
Parents Allege Racial and Sexual Harassment Led Student to Commit Suicide and District Did Nothing
A new lawsuit against against a school district just outside Cincinnati, Ohio, raises several interesting factual and legal claims. Unfortunately, they are bound up in incredible tragedy. According to the complaint, Emilie Olsen, a middle school student, committed suicide following an extended period of regular and egregious harassment and bullying. The introduction to the complaint states:
Emilie, an Asian-American, was continually bullied, harassed, assaulted, battered, and discriminated against in school, and further bullied and harassed online, because of her race, national origin, and gender, as well as her association with Caucasian students, and her perceived sexual orientation and practices. Emilie and her parents tried to end the bullying and repeatedly pleaded with certain Defendants for help. Defendants failed to stop the bullying, and it continued. Consequently, Emilie suffered severe anguish, distress, and depression, and ultimately committed suicide. Sadly, Emilie's case was not an outlier; other Fairfield students also suffered unrelenting bullying and discrimination, and two of those students attempted suicide months before Emilie's death. Certain of the Defendants, likewise, failed to intervene on behalf of these students. This action seeks damages and seeks to reform the Fairfield City Public Schools' policies and practices for responding to bullying, harassment, assault, battery, and discrimination.
The complaint frames these facts as violations of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments, Substantive Due Process, and Equal Protection. It also raises Section 1983 claims, alleging a pattern and practice of violating these aforementioned rights, along with a host of state law claims.
The first issue that jumps out at me is one of mixed motive. The complaint details a long list of incidents, statements, and altercations, some of which relate to sex, some of which relate to sexual orientation, and some of which relate to race and ethnicity. Some incidents do not facially fit into any category of discrimination and could be either general bullying or circumstantially related to the aforementioned discrimination. General bullying would not violate any federal statutory protection, although it might fall into a substantive due process claim if sufficiently egregious and ignored.
Bullying need not, of course, fit into any single prohibited category to be actionable, but it does need to fit in some category. The "cleanest" cases are those where the bullying is strictly about race or gender, as the fact finder does not need to work as hard to discern a prohibited motivation or form of discrimination. This makes the narrative of discrimination easier to build. In the instant case, race and ethnicity seems to be a dominant aspect of the harassment, but sex and potentially sexual orientation seem to play a significant role as well. The court, however, will either need to sort these types of discrimination out or recognize the inter-sectional nature that discrimination often takes but which courts sometimes fail to appreciate. Here, it may very well be the case that this student's gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity all intersected to create a particularly virulent form of discrimination. Life, quite simply, does not always fit easily into the neat boxes the law would proscribe.
Second, this case raises the same issues always at play in harassment cases: what exactly did the district know and, if they knew something, did they do enough to address it. Title VI and Title IX law is pretty permissive on both questions. Teacher knowledge is not enough. Agents of the school (principals, administrators, etc) must have knowledge of the harassment that amounts to prohibited discrimination and fail to reasonably respond. Failing to respond means more than just failing to stop the discrimination. Here the district, according to the complaint, was repeatedly put on notice on numerous occasions of what occurred. The parents, however, seem to have been kept in the dark about a lot of things, including incidents that the district may have learned of itself and the district did or did not take to address them. For the most part, the complaint alleges that the district did nothing to respond, which very well may be true, but one could fairly assume the district will point to a number of things it did, in fact, do. The determinative question will be whether whatever the district did was enough.
The lawsuit, interestingly, goes beyond these basic notice and response questions of statutory claims, raising constitutional claims that potentially require a broader inquiry into whether the district actively put the student in danger or harbored some impermissible biases or neglect of its own. I will, however, reserve that discussion for later.
May 24, 2016 in Bullying and Harassment, Gender | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, February 1, 2016
Parents to Sue School over Racially Motivated Attack
Parents of a Long Island teenager indicate that they will sue Valley Stream School District for failing to prevent an attack on their son--an attack that they say was racially motivated. Their son was apparently hospitalized and needed 32 stitches to close a wound on his head. Their attorney said that the student suffered "a concussion, a skull fracture that required an emergency craniotomy; which means they basically had to relieve the pressure and the pain that was building up on top of his brain." To bolster their claim, they also point out that that their son was attacked two years earlier while at school.
News outlets report that the aggressor plead guilty to a misdemeanor charge in the most recent assault. While the severe injuries and the misdemeanor charge certainly lend sympathy to the parents' claims, these types of lawsuits are notoriously hard to win absent special circumstances. Those circumstances may be present here and the public just is not aware of them, but typically a school is under no duty to "prevent injuries" to students. To sustain a torts claim in most states, a plaintiff would need to show that the district failed to reasonably supervise its students and the bar for reasonable supervision is generally low. Another option may be to raise a Title VI claim regarding a racially hostile environment. This claim also has its drawbacks. The parents would need to show that the district had failed to reasonably respond to racial discrimination of which it had been put on notice. As long as the district took some sort of progressive response to dealing with the problem, the fact that the student was later more seriously injured would not mean the district had acted unreasonably.
In short, until we see an actual complaint, the case is hard to predict, but plaintiffs will certainly need to show more than just an injury to sustain a claim. Legal merits aside, however, the story is troubling.
February 1, 2016 in Bullying and Harassment, Discrimination | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, January 14, 2016
The Every Student Succeeds Act's Random Additions: Charter Schools, Data Collection, Testing Limits, and Discipline
My prior post detailed the Act's new approaches toward academic standards and accountability, teachers, funding, and the federal role in education. The Act also included some other important changes and additions that do not fit into those categories. These changes are one-offs that look like bones thrown to various different and competing constituencies (which is probably true of a few of the progressive changes I noted last time). In other words, they are pet projects that helped the bill get passed. These changes include for charter schools, data, test validity, test opt outs, and school discipline
Charter Schools
The act includes new competitive priorities for charter school grants. For those unfamiliar with the term competitive priority, it means that states or districts that include certain policies in their competitive charter school grant application will receive extra points in the assessment of their plan. As a practical matter, it makes it far more likely that they will receive a grant. It also makes it highly unlikely that states and districts that do not include those policies will receive a grant. In short, they are implicit mandates for those who want money.
So what are these special charter school policies? They are exactly what charter advocates have been lobbying states to do, often with little success. The priorities are for states that increase the number of entities in the state that can authorize new charters, states that give charters per pupil funding equivalent to that in traditional public schools, and states that give more robust support for charters in need of facilities.
Magnet Schools
Nothing really changed for magnet schools, and that is the point. Magnet school financial support and policy has been stuck in neutral for nearly two decades. By comparison, this means magnet schools are moving backward while charters rush forward. There is, however, one potentially explicit retrogressive addition for magnets. The Act seemingly requires or strongly prefers socio-economic integration over any other form of integration. Socio-economic integration is, of course, immensely important. The point here is the attempt to take race off the board—a position that the Bush Administration took, that the Obama Administration eventually retracted, and that has now resurfaced.
Important Data
The Act requires states to collect and submit far more detailed data, and the new data it seeks is important: funding and teachers. This will be a boon to researchers attempting to drill deeper into problems of resource inequity.
Valid Tests (Potential Bombshell)
A provision of Title I indicates that states can only use the mandated tests for purposes for which they are valid. To most, this may read as no more than technical jargon, but it is potentially the single most powerful provision in the bill for those who would seek to block the misuse of tests. As I detail here, the tests on which states rely to run their teacher evaluation systems (value added models and student growth percentiles) are not valid for those purposes. Others have also long raised validity problems with certain states use of high stakes tests for student graduation and promotion as well. Who knows whether this was Congress's intent, but the Act certainly would appear to have the effect of preventing states from using standardized tests for illegitimate purposes. The question that remains is whether individual teachers or students could rely on this provision in litigation or whether it is up to the Secretary to enforce this provision through the administrative process.
Test Opt-Outs
The Act gives parents the right to opt their children out of standardized tests. Opt-outs were big news last year, as large percentages of students refused to take tests in New York and New Jersey and the states scrambled not knowing whether the Department would hold this against the states. The Act now specifically indicates that these opt-outs will not count against the state in determining the percentage of students who took the tests.
Discipline: Bullying and Suspensions
Finally, the Act gives a big boost to progressive discipline policy. Previously, there was no such thing as general federal authority in regard to discipline. The only foothold had been in regard to racial disparities in discipline (pursuant to Title VI). The Act now specifies that states' plans should include policies to reduce bullying, suspensions, and averse responses to student misbehavior. The bullying provision is, likewise, significant because it is not limited gender or race based bullying--a big stumbling blocking in past enforcement efforts. To be clear, however, this discipline provision operates within the larger structure that offers states' enormous autonomy in their plans and severely limits the Secretary's ability to reject a state plan.
January 14, 2016 in Bullying and Harassment, Charters and Vouchers, Discipline, ESEA/NCLB, Federal policy, Racial Integration and Diversity | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, July 16, 2015
Senate Votes Down ESEA Amendment to Protect LGBTQ Youth
Yesterday, the Senate rejected an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act that would have specifically prohibited discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students in school. Surely, the Supreme Court's recent decision upholding the right of same sex couples to marry was lurking in the minds of many. A vote against this amendment could be seen as ideologically in line with the opposition to same sex marriage. That, however, was not the major rationale for voting against the measure. Some senators argued that the amendment was unnecessary because Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 already protected LGBTQ youth.
This rationale should ring hollow to those who have followed Title IX precedent and politics over the past two decades. Conservatives are correct that Title IX affords protection. What they fail to mention, however, is that this has not always been the case and the protection is not necessarily all encompassing. The theory under which Title IX protections LGBTQ youth is that some discrimination against students arises because they are not conforming to stereotypes about how a boy or a girl should act, dress, etc. In other words, a young boy dressed or acted "effeminately" would not have been mistreated had he been a girl and dressed or acted the same way. Thus, the treatment is gender discrimination which Title IX prohibits.
The trouble with conservatives' rejection of the ESEA amendment to protect LGBTQ is threefold. First, that the Obama administration is the first to explicitly adopt the foregoing Title IX rationale. A subsequent administration could interpret Title IX differently or simply enforce it less vigorously. Second, conservatives have criticized the use of Title IX to protect LGBTQ youth. It is a bit disingenuous for a conservative to criticize progressive use of Title IX to protect LGBTQ youth and then turn around and argue ESEA need not be amended because the administration has already taken care of the LGBTQ issue through a purported misuse of power. Third, the foregoing Title IX theory is not all encompassing. Some courts have not adopted it. In addition, the theory only directly covers stereotyping. Some LGBTQ youth are discriminated solely based on who they are, not based on a failure to conform to a stereotype. Thus, there are some circumstances under which they may not be protected. An explicitly anti-discrimination measure to protect them would cure this problem.
The Senate's vote just eliminated that solution from the ESEA.
July 16, 2015 in Bullying and Harassment, ESEA/NCLB | Permalink | Comments (0)
Friday, May 1, 2015
Office for Civil Rights Releases Report to Congress: This Time It Is a Must Read
The Office for Civil Rights has released its 2013-2014 report to Congress and the President. From my perspective, past reports have been dense and un-illuminating. This current one strikes a very different approach. First, it is very well written. Second, it is very well framed and organized. Third, and maybe most important, it is incredibly informative. Fourth, it is analytical. Fifth, it is visually appealing. Sixth, it implicitly suggests courses of action or concern. Overall, it presents as a study in the state of civil rights and equity in our nation's schools, rather than a bureaucratic account of the beans counted in the past two years.
May 1, 2015 in Bullying and Harassment, Discipline, Discrimination, English Language Learners, Equity in education, Federal policy, Gender, Racial Integration and Diversity, Special Education | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, October 13, 2014
Report Finds LGBTQ Youth Blamed for the Bullying They Experience
Last week, the Gay-Straight Alliance Network and Crossroads Collaborative released a set of reports on bullying and harrassment based on sexual orientation in schools. The reports also addressed whether LGBTQ are subject to disparate discipline. Unfortunately, bullying based on sexual orienation is not new, but what was surprising was that LGBTQ youth are subject to disparate discipline and often blamed for their victimization. A set of policy recommendations by the Advancement Project accompanies the reports.
October 13, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment, Gender | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tuesday, September 30, 2014
Give Me Your Password: Are Social Media Intrusions by Schools Reasonable or Unconstitutional?
A new student comment by Talon Hurst, Give Me Your Password: The Intrusive Social Media Policies in Our Schools, 22 CommLaw Conspectus 196 (2014), discusses social media policies "that allow school officials to request or demand students to consent to their social media accounts being accessed or monitored[.]" The author argues that these policies violate students' First and Fourth Amendment rights, and calls for judicial review of their constitutionality. Hurst emphasizes that these kinds of social media policies are not only a concern in primary and secondary schools, but also growing in prevalence at a number of colleges and universities, especially in regards to student athletes. Who knew colleges and universities were so interested in their students?
Hurst points to school officials at the University of North Carolina, who "force their student-athletes to consent to the monitoring of their social network accounts by signing a social media policy[,]" which states that "'[e]ach team must identify at least one coach or administrator who is responsible for having access to and regularly monitoring the content of team members' social networking sites and posting.'"
September 30, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment, First Amendment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, June 12, 2014
School Not Liable for Off-Campus Suicide, But May Be for Emotional Injuries Suffered at School
A New York trial court held in Elissa v. City of New York, 2014 WL 2216883, that a public school was not liable for a student's suicide (prompted by bullying) because the suicide did not happen at the school, but the student could assert a claim for emotional injuries sustained prior to the suicide that occurred at school. The dismissal for the suicide is not surprising, but permitting the emotional harm claim was somewhat. As posted here before, courts often easily rationalize away school responsibility on theories of "no duty" under both state and federal law, and back it up with precedent. This case is remarkable for the amount of precedent to which it cited in favor of holding the district liable. In pertinent part, the court wrote:
the duty to adequately supervise the students is co-extensive with the school's physical custody and control over them ( See Pratt v. Robinson, 39 N.Y.2d 554, 560 [1976]; see also Maldonado v. Tuckahoe Union Free Sch. Dist., 817 N.Y.S.2d 376 [2d Dept.2006]; Chalen, 814 N.Y.S.2d 254; Morning v. Riverhead Cent. Sch. Dist., 811 N.Y.S.2d 747 [2d Dept.2006]; Tarnaras v. Farmingdale Sch. Dist., 694 N.Y.S.2d 413 [2d Dept.1999] ). . . . However, the plaintiff's claim of emotional injuries was not dismissed, since that harm was inflicted when the student was within the school's physical custody.
With respect to plaintiff's causes of action seeking to recover damages for the emotional injuries sustained by the decedent prior to his death, defendant's have failed to establish their prima facie entitlement to dismissal of such claims.
These emotional injuries were allegedly sustained by the decedent during school hours and on school premises and, as such, plaintiff may seek recovery of these damages based on a theory of negligent supervision. Therefore, plaintiff is not required to plead the existence of a separate and distinct special duty to recover damages for the emotional injuries sustained by decedent prior to his death ( See, e.g., Miccio, supra at 543, 735 N.Y.S.2d 202).
Moreover, a claim that a school failed to adequately address the ongoing harassment of the decedent and that the decedent sustained emotional injuries as a result is a cognizable cause of action ( See Cavello v. Sherburne–Earlville Cent. Sch. Dist., 494 N.Y.S.2d 466 [3d Dept.1985]; see also Barmore v. Aidala, 419 F.Supp.2d 193, 206 [N.D.NY 2005] ).
As such, defendant's claim that a school district's response to harassment and bullying is a discretionary governmental function for which no liability may attach is without merit ( See Barmore, supra, at 206). Indeed, the adequacy of a school's supervision of its students generally presents a question of fact ( See Braunstein v. Half Hollow Hills Cent. Sch. Dist., 962 N.Y.S.2d 340 [2d Dept.2013]; Palmer v. City of New York, 970 N.Y.S.2d 583 [2d Dept.2013]; Oakes v. Massena Cent. Sch. Dist., 797 N.Y.S.2d 640 [3d Dept.2005] ).
Plaintiff's deposition testimony demonstrates that she and the decedent made multiple complaints to multiple school officials regarding the harassment of the decedent, while testimony by the school officials shows that they may not have been aware of the severity of the bullying. In addition, the school addressed harassment by visiting classrooms to educate students regarding the use of the word "gay." They also hung posters and distributed brochures to educate students on harassment and the steps to report it. However, not all of the students alleged to have harassed decedent were disciplined.
Clearly this demonstrates the existence of triable issues of fact regarding the school's knowledge of the harassment of the decedent and the adequacy of their response thereto ( See Wilson, supra, at 1000–01; Cavello, supra, at 255, 494 N.Y.S.2d 466).
June 12, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, May 22, 2014
Nation's First Anti-Bullying Ordinance Defeated
A week and a half ago, it was a forgone conclusion that Carson, California, would pass the nation's first anti-bullying ordinance. In a preliminary vote and hearing on May 6, the city council had voiced strong support. The ordinance would have made it a misdemeanor for anyone, from kindergartners to adults aged 25, to make another person feel "terrorized, frightened, intimidated, threatened, harassed, or molested." First and second infractions would be sanctioned with fines, and a third offense would be sanctioned with a criminal misdemeanor charge. The ordinance had received strong support from anti-cyberbullying advocates. The purported rational behind the ordinance was that the fines, in particular, would incentivize parents to police their children's use of social media at home.
Yesterday, the city council made an about-face, rejecting the ordinance. The shift appears to be a result of the ACLU, Lambda Legal Center, and anti-bullying advocates pointing out that the ordinance was too vague and overly broad. As such, it stood to sweep in some behavior that would be protected as free speech and would not amount to bullying. The city indicates it will explore other alternatives to combating bullying, such as preventative programs.
May 22, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, April 7, 2014
From the School Yard to Cyberspace: A Review of Bullying Liability
Elizabeth M. Jaffe's roundup of the caselaw and literature on cyberbullying, From the School Yard to Cyberspace: A Review of Bullying Liability, is now available on westlaw at 40 Rutgers Computer & Tech. L.J. 17 (2014). Her introduction summarizes the article as follows:
There has been a lot of change--both good and bad--over the course of scholarship focusing on bullying and cyberbullying. With the growing use of technology, bullies have moved from in-person encounters in the classroom or the schoolyard to chatrooms, walls, pages, and the like in the cyberworld. Despite the increased awareness and media coverage, bullying remains a growing problem in today's society. To that end, there are current voids in the law that need to be revised in order to protect the countless and growing number of victims. Simply put, the law has not gone far enough.
Through my research and involvement with this area of scholarship, there are few things that are clear. The First Amendment protects speech and ideas in the traditional sense but fails to adequately adapt to the changing online landscape. Traditional tort principles of liability have not played out yet to holding a bully liable for his actions, and the notion of holding the webhost liable has not taken hold to the extent that may be necessary. As such, we are left with the dilemma of where the legal landscape needs to proceed. Specifically, some type of duty is needed for bullying liability. But to whom should this duty apply? Accordingly, the purpose of this Article is to synthesize my scholarship to date focusing on the issue of bullying and cyberbullying in the context of primary and secondary education and propose resolutions to the cyberbullying epidemic by reviewing the appropriate instances and individuals to whom a duty should be imposed.
April 7, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment, First Amendment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Friday, January 31, 2014
Maine Supreme Court Issues Monumental Decision in Favor of Transgendered Student's Right to Use Bathroom of Choice
A student in Maine has secured a huge victory for transgendered students. Susan Doe, a transgendered student, who is biologically male, but identifies as female, had been denied access to the girl's bathroom at her middle school. The Maine Supreme Judicial Court has held that she has a right to use the girl's restroom. The decision is based on Maine's Human Rights Act, which provides:
It is unlawful public accommodations discrimination, in violation of this Act . . . [f]or any public accommodation or any person who is the . . . superintendent, agent, or employee of any place of public accommodation to directly or indirectly refuse, discriminate against or in any manner withhold from or deny the full and equal enjoyment to any person, on account of . . . sexual orientation . . . any of the accommodations . . . [or] facilities . . . of public accommodation . . . .
The court, however, was careful to write a decision that was tailored to Susan's specific facts, which included a clearly documented gender identity and a past acceptance by the school of that identity. The Court wrote:
we emphasize that in this case the school had a program carefully developed over several years and supported by an educational plan designed to sensitively address Susan's gender identity issues. The determination that discrimination is demonstrated in this case rests heavily on Susan's gender identity and gender dysphoria diagnosis, both of which were acknowledged and accepted by the school. The school, her parents, her counselors, and her friends all accepted that Susan is a girl.
Thus, we do not suggest that any person could demand access to any school facility or program based solely on a self-declaration of gender identity or confusion without the plans developed in cooperation with the school and the accepted and respected diagnosis that are present in this case. Our opinion must not be read to require schools to permit students casual access to any bathroom of their choice. Decisions about how to address students' legitimate gender identity issues are not to be taken lightly. Where, as here, it has been clearly established that a student's psychological well-being and educational success depend upon being permitted to use the communal bathroom consistent with her gender identity, denying access to the appropriate bathroom constitutes sexual orientation discrimination in violation of the MHRA.
While carefully crafted, this language seems more directed toward warding off open access to bathrooms for anyone who wants it, rather than limiting the rights of other transgendered students facing problems like Susan's.
Many other districts across the nation have similarly been struggling with how to accomodate transgendered students. This decision should provide a helpful example.
January 31, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment, Gender | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, January 30, 2014
School Reportedly Suspends Student for His "Gay Lifestyle"
Robert Marucci, an 18-year-old high school student, in Florida was allegedly suspended for his participation in gay pornography. Marruci states that he started working in the industry to help his mother pay the bills. Apparently, the family has fallen on hard times and his work does not violate any law. Regardless, when other students at his school learned of his work, he indicates he was bullied and threatened. If the school knew of and did not respond to this bullying, it violated Title IX's prohibitions on sexual harassment. See Davis v. Monroe County, 526 U.S. 629 (1999). Marucci's mother says that this is exactly what the school did. Strike one against the school.
What the school did do was suspend Marucci for ten days. His mother says he was "expelled due to his explicit lifestyle career." The school indicates that it suspended him for "possible threats" he had made. The devil is in the detail, but "possible threats" sounds vague. If it is only "possible" that he has made threats to other students, the school lacks a basis to suspend him. At best, if the threats were extremely serious, the school could have removed him temporarily to investigate (per a narrow exception in Goss v. Lopez). This does not appear to be the school's claim. Sounds like strike two against the school.
If the school, in fact, removed him for his off-campus lifestyle choice, it may have engaged in another Title IX violation, as well as Free Speech. Strike three (and four, I suppose).
January 30, 2014 in Bullying and Harassment, Discipline, Gender | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tuesday, November 19, 2013
Case Alleging School Interfered with Protests of Mistreatment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Students Moves Forward
Amber Hatcher, a student at Desoto County High School, filed a lawsuit against the Desoto County School Board, the Principal at her high school, and other school officials alleged that they "have engaged and are engaging in conduct which violates her First Amendment rights. In April, 2012 [Hatcher] sought to organize and participate in the National Day of Silence at her high school in an effort to bring attention to the harms associated with bullying and harassment directed at lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students." Hatcher asserts that the school interfered with her ability to bring attention to the issues and that it plans to do so again this year.
In Hatcher ex rel Hatcher v. DeSoto County School Dist. Bd. of Educ,, 939 F.Supp.2d 1232 (M.D. Fla. 2013), the district court found that "[a]t least some of these proposed activities were well within the First Amendment and required no approval by any school official, e.g., remaining silent outside of class, communicating in writing or by dry erase board outside of class, non-vulgar conversations about the upcoming National Day of Silence." Thus, it denied the defendant's motion to dismiss and claims of qualified immunity.
November 19, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment, First Amendment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, November 18, 2013
School Excluding Transgendered Student from Yearbook Changes Position
Last week, La Feria School District in Texas told Jeydon Loredo that his picture would not appear in the school's yearbook. Jeydon grew up female but identifies as male. He posed for his high school senior picture in a tuxedo. The school's rationale for excluding him was its dress code. Jeydon's mother said that officals told her that her son's picture in a tuxedo "goes against the community standards." They further indicated that "they were a conservative school and that (outfit) wouldn't follow the school policy as far as their dress code." If he wanted to be included in the yearbook, he would need to wear feminine clothing.
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) came to Jeydon's defense and threatened to sue the district for violating his First Amendment, Equal Protection, and Title IX rights. After a meeting with the SPLC, the district changed its position and will include Jeydon's picture in a tuxedo in the yearbook. One wonders whether the district knew it was violating the law to begin with and thought it could get away with it or if it only came to realize the err in its ways after speaking with SPLC. Either way, this story shows a lot of education around these issues is necessary.
November 18, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment, Gender | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tuesday, November 12, 2013
Sixty-Seven Percent of College Students Report Being Harassed on Campus
A recent survey of 282 colleges and 44 college administrators found that 67% of students experienced harassment on campus and 61% witnessed another student being harassed. Those students reported that the harassment had significant effects on their education. Forty-six percent said harassment caused disappointment with college experience. Twenty percent said harassment interfered with their concentration in class. And 23% said harassment caused them to miss class and other campus activities. Only 17% of students, however, actually reported the harassment to a college officials. Fifty-five percent of college administrators cite the cause of the low reporting rates as begin poor reporting and enforcement mechanism.
The survery is not nearly as nuanced as the ones conducted by the American Association of University Women (AAUW), but its results are largely consistent with the AAUW's last report in 2005, Drawing the Line: Sexual Harassment on Campus. As some may recall, reports of this sort were important in prompting the Supreme Court to extend Title IX liability to schools for on-campus harassment. Those cases, however, addressed elementary and secondary schools. Given the different and decentralized context of college campuses, the problem of higher education harassment does not easily mess with the rules developed for elementary and secondar schools. These persistently high numbers in college suggest a different approach is necessary (not that the problem has been solved in elementary and secondary schools).
November 12, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment, Gender, Studies and Reports | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, October 10, 2013
Hazing Comes to High School
Scholars like Gregory Parks have done extensive work on hazing in higher education, see, e.g.. An unfortunate new field may be opening for them: high school. The Seattle Times reports that a local high school:
has temporarily expelled 11 sophomores, juniors and seniors. The students are banned while Seattle police and school officials continue investigating the Sept. 27 incident when students were discovered at the Washington Park Arboretum drinking alcohol. Some were dressed in diapers, being pelted with eggs and paddled with boards.
Some of the students, surprised when Howard and school security aides arrived, hurled derogatory names at the principal — including a racial epithet.
Apparently, this was all occurring during school hours. This also comes after an incident last June at another local school where "seven juniors were beaten, burned with cigarettes and cigars, and pelted with eggs during hazing. The hazing was an initiation rite for the 'Naked Vikings,' a group not officially sanctioned by the school, but allowed to cheer at football and basketball games."
Let us hope these are isolated incidents and that the Office for Civil Rights can articulate the legal rationale whereby at least some of the hazing falls within the purview of Title IX and Title VI, which would obligate schools to address it rather than look the other way, as some claim the schools have done in the past.
October 10, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, September 26, 2013
School Superintendent and Athletic Director's Commonplace and Brazen Use of Racial Epithets
In a story so shocking, it is hard to believe, the superintendent and athletic director of a suburb school district outside of Philadelphia were just removed/allowed to resigned from their positions after an IT employee leaked their electronic conversations containing repeated use of the n-word. Coatesville Area School District Superintendent Richard Como and Director of Athletics and Activities Jim Donato apparently had the following to say about their students and teachers:
'All should just have whatever first names they want...then last name is N*****!
'Leroy N*****, Preacher N*****, Night train n*****, clarence n*****, Latoya n*****, Thelma n***** and so on.'
'Great idea! Joe n***** bill n***** snake n***** got a nice ring to it.'
'Could have whole homerooms of n*****!'
'Hahahahaha! Will N***** report to the office, pardon the interruption but will n***** report to nurses office. N***** to lunch now!'
When the superintendent was talking about 23 teachers laid off, Donato asked: 'How many n****** out of 23? Not enough!" The superintendent replied: 'Don't know but think it's only 4-5. At most until last minute rush of firing by Goo of Phoenix and Kamara.' 'Good hangings there,' Donato responded.
September 26, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment, Discrimination | Permalink | Comments (0)
FIU College of Law Hosts "Not on My Watch" Anti-Bullying Summit in October
October is National Anti-Bullying Month, and Florida International University (FIU) College of Law is hosting National Voices for Equality, Education and Enlightenment (NVEEE) for the "Not on My Watch" Anti-Bullying Summit on Saturday, October 19. Panelists will include Jane Clementi, mother of Tyler Clementi, a gay teen who ended his life several days after a cyber-bullying incident by jumping off the George Washington Bridge; Cassidy McMillan, Producer and Director of the Award-Winning Documentary "Bullies and Friends;" Trish Behnke and Tracy Fentress, the mothers of 14-yr-old best friends Haylee Fentress and Paige Moravetz, whose double suicide pact due to bullying and harassment shocked the nation; April L. Vance, President and CEO of Advance Project; and Jowharah Sanders, Founder and Executive Director of NVEEE. Middle and high-school students, parents, teachers, administrators, counselors, support staff, faith-based communities, members of the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and transgendered (LGBT) community, elected officials and policy makers have also been invited. The summit is free and open to the public. It will be held at the Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 11200 S.W 8th Street Miami, FL 33199 from 8:30a.m - 2:30p.m. Registration is required. To register, visit http://tinyurl.com/ksays7q. Click here to see a slideshow about the summit.
September 26, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment, Conferences | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, September 23, 2013
NJ School District Settles Bullying Claim: The Good and Bad Differences Strong Law Makes
Just last week, I posted on a Connecticut court rejecting a student's cause of action under the state's anti-bullying statute. In contrast, the Old Bridge School Board in New Jersey settled an anti-bullying case for 60,000 last week. New Jersey's anti-bullying law is considered the toughest in the nation. It was a response to the public outcry over the suicide of Tyler Clementi, a freshman at Rutgers University, in 2010. The explicit mandates and clarity of the New Jersey law seems to have made all the difference.
This clarity has a huge upside statewide. Knowing the risks of litigation, districts will respond quicker and more effectively to bullying. Those who do not will suffer the consequences. The trouble is discerning what amounts to "bullying" around the margins. All "bullying" is serious and I, in no way, mean to minimize it. Schools should be held accountable for the failure to stop it. But some schools overreact and punish behavior that is not bullying. From many schools' perspective, it is better to be safe (as in not get sued) than sorry. This is the same approach we saw schools take with zero tolerance policies on weapons and drugs, which has lead to the expulsion of children with finger clips, butter knives in their lunch boxes, and tylenol in their purse. New Jersey has apparently already seen some potential overreactions/over-broad applications with bullying. None of this is to find flaw in the law, but to point out the potential serious downside of applying laws without a good dose of common sense and judgment. Unfortunately, those dreaded professional development workshops might be of some use here.
September 23, 2013 in Bullying and Harassment, Cases, State law developments | Permalink | Comments (0)