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Thursday, August 25, 2016
On the road again, with Christopher Pratt
"…the continuum between art and life…"
I can't imagine a more suitable book for a Newfoundland road trip than Thoughts on Driving to Venus: Christopher Pratt's Car Books (The Porcupine's Quill, 2015), which I picked up earlier this month at The Rooms in St. John's, where the author was born. In 1997, Pratt decided to record "a stream of consciousness series of words and one-liners responsive to the things flashing by" (1). He made these notes while traveling around the island with his second wife in search of source material for his art. I paced myself, reading a bit at a time between lecture preparations; as Pratt writes, "Working holiday! Aren't they all?" (2). Heading north from the capital city to the Viking settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows over 1,000 kilometres away, then back south equally far to catch a ferry to Nova Scotia, I glimpsed stunning scenery through my peripheral vision—as in the photos shown here.
And now for a few more observations about reading this book in situ. When the hassles of traveling echoed those of a famous artist (needing gas, caffeine, a restroom, etc.), I kidded myself into seeing them as charmed. Mundane details suddenly seemed worthy of recording for the sake of posterity. For example, my inlaws, my husband, and I ramped up our efforts to watch for moose on a 'moosey lookin' night' after I read that Pratt spotted 65 of them in a single day. I don't typically share personal details in blog posts unless they relate directly to the subject matter at hand, but Pratt made me rethink this approach. Would it interest my blog readers to learn that I sometimes write posts from a hotel bathroom in the wee hours of the night to avoid waking my husband so he can be rested to take photos the next day? Maybe yes, maybe no. A writer must decide what to edit out, much like an artist, and I strive to be as economical in writing as I am in traveling. What Pratt does so well is reveal the continuum between art and life, making it all seem valuable.
As a result, I was surprised to read Pratt's revelation that his wife feels nothing has meaning. In a sense, this perspective is reinforced by his lack of an intended audience (he wrote these entries for himself, so there is only occasional introspection); the absence of a narrative arc; and the fact that the entries are excerpted, by curator Tom Smart. Evidently, publishing the entirety of the journals would have been unrealistic, as Pratt writes, "…I have enough notes and ideas for several lifetimes…" (4). At the same time, the fact that he revisits areas, including Burgeo Road—where he started the first car book—creates a Vonnegutian Slaughterhouse-Five effect of the human condition consisting of a series of relived moments. This interpretation was probably spurred on by the fact that Pratt described himself as "King of the Curmudgeons" (5).
Pratt aficionados will appreciate that the artist addresses his work throughout the book, albeit briefly in each instance. He lists artistic influences, describes his technique, comments on the pressures of being a commercial artist, reveals insecurity about his talent, and expresses concern about his productivity in his senior years.
Here's to many more trips around the sun for the artist.
Gros Morne (1st and 2nd images), Signal Hill, St. John's (3rd image)
(1) p. 103
(2) p. 68
(3) p. 27
(4) p. 112
(5) p. 146
Posted by Heather Saunders at 7:53 PM No comments:
Labels: Christopher Pratt
Sunday, July 10, 2016
Artist's Advisory: Sarah Oppenheimer at the Baltimore Museum of Art
"…the value of practice-led research…"
Kudos to the Baltimore Museum of Art and curator Kristen Hileman for highlighting the research process in a unique fashion. They have done so in relation to Sarah Oppenheimer's permanent installation at the BMA.
As context, the New York-based artist worked directly with and in the museum's architecture using materials associated with contemporary buildings, like reflective glass. My first impression of the commissioned works, W-120301 (2012) and P-010100 (2012), was that they seem to respond to qualities of mid-20th Century styles like hard edge painting and minimalist sculpture. I appreciated the museum's use of the term 'intervention' to describe her work because W-120301 looked at home in a stealthy kind of way. For example, as I moved around the intervening work, the light shifted and cool blacks became warm blacks and vice versa, complementing Ad Reinhardt's nearby, mostly black-on-black Abstract Painting No. 19 (1954).
Around the corner from W-120301—past an exhibition space that currently features a photo show called, On Paper: Picturing Painting—visitors can view Oppenheimer's preparatory work, namely architectural drawings and models. Also in the room is an assortment of texts that informed her work. From a librarian's perspective, it's fantastic to see the research of texts being given equal attention as other preparatory work. The reason I say that is that convincing studio students of the value of practice-led research is an ongoing challenge. I tell students that taking the time to research ideas for studio projects can prevent redundancy (read: avoid the production of work similar to existing work), lead to more nuanced work, and give them a broader context for speaking about their practice. All in all, it's a tough sell and a tough slog.
The BMA's presentation of the texts in question is noteworthy. A sign inside a translucent stand reads, "It is almost impossible to identify what drives the work of a single artist. [paragraph break] Here you will find a selection of books that have influenced Sarah Oppenheimer's thinking and other books related to ideas in her work." Stools beneath the table holding the books encourage perusal of the texts, while stickers discourage the removal of the texts.
For those interested in Oppenheimer's work but who aren't in a position to visit the BMA in person, here is a modest bibliography that captures the full assortment. (To access full citations, please see a source like WorldCat).
• Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory.
• Eisenman, Peter, Giuseppe Terragni, and Manfredo Tafuri. Giuseppe Terragni: Transformations, Decompositions, Critiques.
• Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space.
• Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City.
• Peltomäki, Kirsi. Situation Aesthetics: The Work of Michael Asher.
• Rossi, Aldo. The Architecture of the City.
Additionally, there is a portfolio of articles described on the cover as excerpts from the artist's research into cognitive science. The articles within are:
• Radvansky, Gabriel A., Sabine A. Krawietz, and Andrea K. Tamplin. "Walking through Doorways Causes Forgetting: Further Explorations." The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64.8 (2011): 1632-45.
• Sinai, Michael J., Teng Leng Ooi, and Zijiang J. He. "Terrain Influences: The Accurate Judgment of Distance." Nature 395(6701) (1998): 497-500.
• Warren, William H. Jr., and Suzanne Whang. "Visual Guidance of Walking through Apertures: Body Scaled Information for Affordances." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 13.3 (1987): 371-83.
Without spending much time with the texts, a visitor can gain a greater appreciation of Oppenheimer's work. For instance, by reading the titles alone, I can now add situationism to the mid-century movements that pertain to her work and see her work as purposefully jarring.
Next to the books and articles, there is a mobile device containing interviews, such as a Q&A with the artist. In it, she speaks about wanting to inject a quality of the unknown in her work. With ambiguous work, a text-based entry point is always appreciated, and the reading area functions in this way. The reading area, in other words, creates balance by hinting at the known.
A few years ago, I developed a project proposal for artist files to be collected and preserved along with a selection of books (one from each artist who contributed a file on his or her own work). The original title was to have been, "Artist's Advisory" as a riff on the library term of reader's advisory—effectively, 'if you like author X, try reading author Y.' Multiple entry points would enable the user to encounter new authors or new artists, meaning that each file or book would go from being an end in itself to a means to an end. This project tested the Derridean notion of the end of the book. It sided with dancer-choreographer Twyla Tharp, who writes in The Creative Habit that the person you will become in five years depends on two factors, "the people you meet and the books you read" (p. 110). And it also sided with curator Hans Ulrich Obrist, who takes an even firmer stance by insisting that encounters with books can have a bigger impact than encounters with people (p. 202).
Though I was fortunate to partner with a gallery, I wasn't fortunate enough to witness my project take flight. The BMA's reading area, therefore, was like delayed gratification.
Obrist, Hans Ulrich, and April E. Lamm. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Curating but Were Afraid to Ask. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2011.
Tharp, Twyla, and Mark Reiter. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life : a Practical Guide, 1st ed. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
Posted by Heather Saunders at 9:05 AM No comments:
Labels: Ad Reinhardt, Sarah Oppenheimer
Sunday, February 28, 2016
Robert Houle with Barry Ace at Carleton University Art Gallery
"I never knew why I was so angry." ~ Robert Houle
On February 25, artist Robert Houle engaged in a powerful dialogue with his friend and sometimes collaborator, Barry Ace, at Carleton University Art Gallery on Algonquin territory. Together, they have faced such challenges as needing an alternate venue because their work was considered demonic (shout out to SAW Gallery, who stepped up).
Ace described Houle as "an incredible writer" and introduced each of his images with an excerpt of his writing. Houle, in turn, has found inspiration in texts. For example, a former girlfriend sent him thirteen poems while he was studying at McGill University, which spurred on a series of abstract paintings later exhibited at the Royal Ontario Museum. Also, the Anishinaabe Saulteaux artist decided to address the residential school system as a result of reading Ruth Teichroeb's Flowers on My Grave: How an Ojibwa Boy's Death Helped Break the Silence on Child Abuse (HarperCollins, 1997). The book is about the Sandy Bay residential school system, to which Houle himself was subjected for over a decade (fortunately, Houle was able to return home on week-ends, preserving his culture in the process). The author contextualized the suicide of 12-year-old Lester Desjarlais. Houle, who knew many of the people in the book, decided, "I wanted to express it. It [art] was the only way I could let it go."
His family members are also survivors, with his father having been one of many First Nations children malnourished systematically. When he showed the works about the residential school system to his family, they were deeply affected, to the extent that the university where the works were being shown offered access to psychologists, but they explained that they took comfort in family.
Family has played an important role in his artmaking. When Houle was a young artist, his mother said, "Don't paint anything you don't know." That advice continues to resonate with him.
Houle didn't participate in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, because he feels that reconciliation is a "Christian ethos." However, he did note that the commission is "part of our collective healing as Indigenous peoples in Canada." History doesn't always reveal pleasantries, but it helps him understand who he is, he says. And that sentiment can obviously be scaled to the nation.
Now, Houle says, "I'm not angry [anymore]." At the same time, he stressed the importance of understanding that the residential school system constituted "cultural genocide" and that it was a deliberate effort to eradicate First Nations culture. He has decided that his final exploration of the residential school system will be in the exhibition, Ritual and Ceremony, at the Art Gallery of Burlington this fall.
He also feels liberated. Houle explained that his whole life has been about being torn between what he is and isn't allowed to do, and he relishes the freedom he experiences now. He says with pride, for example, "I am known as Blue Thunder," evident in subtle queues like blue eyeglasses.
Back in 1981, Houle embraced liberty more overtly. He was the first Curator of Contemporary Indian Art at the Canadian Museum of Civilization, but he realized he "had to run away" because he disagreed with the museum's approach to 'artifacts.' For example, he was disturbed by witnessing an ethnochemist open and examine a medicine bundle, which is "a living thing." He realized it wasn't the place for him. Off to Amsterdam he went, amid controversy. There, he studied Mondrian diligently and "flirted" with the Dutch artist's style. Ultimately, he found Barnett Newman to be a better match for him, a connection that Ace described as organic. "Bingo!" Houle said. "I had found my spiritual god—small 'g.'"
For all his accomplishments, such as being awarded a Canada Council for the Arts residency in Paris and receiving the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, Houle is notably modest. He clapped at the end, although he had done the heavy lifting for the evening, and he referred to a striking abstract red and black Parfleches work (which alludes to spiritual maps derived from buffalo hides) as "just a painting." Also, he claimed his memory was fading with old age, yet he regaled the audience with a solid two hours of anecdotes.
Image: Sandy Bay, 1998-1999, oil, black and white photograph, colour photograph on canvas, Masonite; from wag.ca/art/collections/canadian-art/display,contemporary/54875
Posted by Heather Saunders at 11:19 AM No comments:
Labels: Barry Ace, Robert Houle
Wednesday, February 3, 2016
Encouraging Literacy at the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit
"Books belong to everyone." ~ Debora Grace
display in the MOCAD's Mike Kelley Mobile Homestead in Little Library Originals: A Collision of Art, Literacy and Community from January 15 to April 24. The panellists were Barbara Barefield, Kelly O'Hara, Ndubisi Okoye, Eno Laget, and Debora Grace. Also included in the exhibition are Loretta Bradfield, Mary Fortuna, Jesse Kassel, Rashaun Rucker, John Sauve, Mitchell Schorr, Pam Shapiro, and Fatima Sow. Each artist's contribution is unique, but the freestanding micro libraries tend to be painted in cheerful colours that invite readers to take a book/leave a book.
After installing an LFL in front of her own home, Kozlowski found that it sparked conversations among passersby—not just about reading, but about their lives. Inspired by the degree of interaction, she established Detroit Little Libraries, sought crowdfunding on her birthday, enlisted the help of local artists, and arranged for stewards to oversee basic maintenance. 150 LFLs were placed in various locations around the city—outside faith-based organizations, health care centres, and schools (ranging from elementary to college), to name a few. Areas with limited access to reading materials continue to be a high priority as more LFLs are installed. Ideally, the current amount will double before long.
Impressively, the city's first LFL was made using reclaimed materials from local abandoned houses. Detroit is now experiencing "a lot of hope," in Kozlowski's opinion, making this a suitable time for the project. "It's a very joyful thing to be involved in," Kozlowski says.
There are challenges, like volunteers bowing out, exposure to the elements, vandalism, and book supplies running out because people encounter LFLs spontaneously or they lack the means to leave a book. At the same time, the success stories clearly outweigh the challenges. The mayor, the city, and countless citizens are supporters of the project.
Barbara Barefield is no stranger to the rejuvenating potential of the arts, having brought a musical series to Palmer Woods with her partner. Although she hadn't painted in quite a while, she applied her graphic design skills in promoting musical performances to her LFL. Her intention was to capture the magic of reading that she experienced as a child. She believes reading is how we foster language, creativity, and thinking.
Eno Laget, referring to the city's challenges, said, "We all know something's wrong." He shared that 47% of adults are functionally illiterate*. He hopes that LFLs can represent the "beginning of conversations to break down barriers." When asked to participate, the street artist said, "I was all about it." He pointed out that there is an extensive history of Detroit artists using found objects, which lends itself to the LFL project. In his case, he painted on a donated newspaper box, making for a coincidental tie-in to his background in the publishing industry.
Debora Grace said she "couldn't think of a better way to...build Detroit back up" than creating a LFL. She read frequently to her children, and when she was a child, her mother joked that she ate books because she read voraciously. Reading is "like swallowing universes," she says. People need to "learn to get cozy with books," she believes, because they carve out a path for the future. To reinforce this connection, on her LFL, she depicted W.E.B. Dubois, the first African American PhD graduate from Harvard (incidentally, I love that Harvard College Library highlights facts like this). Grace believes that reading is a "major game-changer," demonstrated by the fact that sources of inspiration like songs, films and religious texts all start with the written word. "Books belong to everyone," she insists. Given her pursuit of education as a vocation, she is bound to inspire many a reader.
If you can't make it to the exhibition, check out Kozlowski's tour on YouTube.
*To learn more about literacy in Detroit, please see "Nearly Half of Detroit's Adults are Functionally Illiterate, Report Finds," Huffington Post, 5 July 2011.
To learn more about Little Free Libraries, please see my Artist in Transit post from November, 2012 (http://artistintransit.blogspot.ca/2011/12/big-thumbs-up-for-little-free-library.html) or the Little Free Library website.
Images of O'Hara and Okoye's LFLs are from http://detroitlittlelibraries.org/art-literacy-community/
Posted by Heather Saunders at 10:51 AM No comments:
Sunday, December 20, 2015
Taryn Simon: Resisting Simplicity and Exposing Complicity
"the ultimate disruptor" — Jill Birch, Canadian Art
The final presentation by the final speaker in the forensics-themed Canadian Art Encounters: International Artists Series took place on December 11 at Innis College, University of Toronto. Initially—as my campus' post-strike return-to-class schedule was being negotiated—it looked like catching Taryn Simon's sold out talk would mean taking an overnight bus from my alma mater to my current institution to get back in time to deliver a lecture. Even though that didn't transpire, the effort would have been worthwhile and apropos, to hear from an artist whose work resists simplicity. Each series typically takes Simon four years to prepare and produce, resulting in piles and filing cabinets of paperwork, such as records of correspondence stemming from extensive negotiations with stakeholders. "It's not fun," she said flat out, when asked a leading question about enjoying the archiving impulse.
Though thought of as a photographer, Simon sees her work as anchored in photography, text, design, video and most recently, performance. The range of the New York-based artist's collaborators/subjects are as impressive as the international scope of her exhibition record at age 40: she partnered with the late programmer Aaron Schwartz in creating imageatlas.org to explore the "idea of a universal visual language" that reveals how concepts present in different countries; she has photographed Pussy Riot members, Masha Alekhina and Nadya Tolokonnikova, for Vogue; she has taken portraits of Indian men who are very much alive but who have been declared dead to change the outcome of land inheritance; she has photographed Americans who were wrongfully convicted, usually by misidentification, in poignant settings like the place of arrest or the alibi location; and she has documented art and confiscated goods at the CIA and US Customs at JFK Airport, respectively. It's no wonder Jill Birch, CEO and publisher of Canadian Art introduced Simon as "the ultimate disruptor." As Salman Rushdie writes in relation to Simon, "one of the arts of great photography is to get yourself into the place" where "dangers—physical, intellectual, even moral—may await."(1) The occasional impenetrable barrier underscores how amazing it is to have broken through so many other barriers. Simon shared that she was unable to convince Disney to allow her to photograph "all the ugly innards of the city" like holding cells and garbage being transported through tunnels. She admits that the rejection letter from them is better that any photo she could have taken, since it became fodder for her art.
Simon gave an overview of work featured in the new survey text, Rear Views, A Star-forming Nebula, and the Office of Foreign Propaganda (2015, Tate Publishing). She also spoke about an additional series, Paperwork, and the Will of Capital: An Account of Flora as Witness, which was shown in the 2015 Venice Biennale. The series is an example of her research process embracing tangents and her semiotics background coming to bear. Her starting point was researching George Sinclair, a horticulturalist interested in the survival of grasses. Then she ruminated on Egyptian burial practices; the present day flower industry of the Netherlands—the "Amazon of flowers," where any flower is available anytime; and Dutch 'impossible bouquets' painted in the 17th Century over several months as each flower came into season. From there, she began looking at flower arrangements in the foreground of "nationalistic bombastic" photographs documenting the signing of contracts by the likes of President Ronald Reagan. She had the arrangements analyzed by professionals and recreated them, shooting them against the same background colour(s) as in the original scene. Simon describes the arrangements in her images as castrated, as "silent observers." Also included are reproduced texts from the agreements as well as botanical pressings in a "race against time" to see if they will outlive the photographs. She observes that by revisiting contracts from the past, it's possible to see initiatives that didn't take hold, and conversely, to see roots of trends that remain strong today.
Simon observes that she is drawn to problems that don't have a solution or an answer, to "something that keeps circling on itself" where there's an "inarticulated noise…that moves in many directions." While reflecting on all that she has exposed, from racial profiling to the smuggling of the date rape drug GBL to the dangers of nuclear waste to the cultural pressure for hymenoplasty to the inbreeding of animals to the systematic poisoning of animals to gallery censorship, I began feeling bewildered by society, and John Lennon's "Happy Christmas" started going through my head. Here's to attempting to "impose order on the bloody chaos of history," as Rachel Donadio wrote of Simon earlier this year in the New York Times (2), to being a "valuable counterforce" as articulated by Birch, and to striving for a better world next year—if we want it.
If you missed Simon's presentation, check out her TED Talk at https://www.ted.com/talks/taryn_simon_photographs_secret_sites?language=en.
(1) Rushdie, Salman. Foreward, An American Index of the Hidden and Familiar, 2008, Steidl, http://tarynsimon.com/essays-videos/docs/An%20American%20Index%20of%20the%20Hidden%20and%20Unfamiliar_Salman%20Rushdie.pdf, 1(qtd.)-4.
(2) Donadio, Rachel. "In Taryn Simon's Paris Show, a Look at How a Hidden Hand Organizes Reality." The New York Times, 18 March 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/19/arts/design/in-taryn-simons-paris-show-a-look-at-how-a-hidden-hand-organizes-reality.html?_r=0
Posted by Heather Saunders at 12:29 PM No comments:
Labels: Taryn Simon
Monday, November 16, 2015
Paris Red by Maureen Gibbon
"…there is equality in Victorine's sexual intimacy with Manet…"
In preparation for a conference presentation, I've been thinking about Édouard Manet's painting, Olympia a lot, in the context of researching a recent appropriation of it (Margaret Sutherland's Emperor Haute Couture from 2011, featuring former Prime Minister Stephen Harper nude). And, in my studio practice, I've been contemplating how trying it is to pose convincingly for erotic art, even when it's purposefully ironic. Thus, I was keen to read Paris Red (2015, W. M. Norton & Company) by Maureen Gibbon, which is a fictional exploration of the development of Manet's infamous painting. The author took inspiration from academic sources and has captured—if briefly—important details of this turning point in modern art, such as the proliferation of erotic photographs; the controversy of realism in painting; and Manet's belief (stemming from his training) that art should reflect its time rather than rehash the past.
In the introductory chapter, the reader is introduced to the narrator and protagonist, 17-year-old Victorine Meurent (aka. Trine); her roommate, Denise (aka. Nise); and an exotic stranger they meet on the street who wines and dines them. The stranger turns out to be Manet, then 30 years old (he is never actually referred to by either his first or last name, and oddly, it is the book jacket that confirms his identity). We learn immediately that Victorine is artistic and fearless, an obvious match for the avant-garde painter. She has the self-absorption characteristic of adolescents, evident in this chapter through her mentioning seven times to the reader her green boots, which were given to her by a prostitute. The entire book is written from Victorine's point of view. As a result, the only break from the patterns of adolescent thought and speech is dialogue spoken by Manet and occasionally, his coterie, a photographer whose studio they visit, her parents, and her boss (before she quits her job). Parallel sentences and sentence fragments are frequent and seem melodramatic; for example, she muses, "Only then does he give me back my hand. So I can use my knife and fork. So I can use my hand to eat" (p. 56).
The first ninety or so pages centre around Victorine and Denise trying to decide whether or not they will have a ménage à trois with Manet; even so, the transformation of the relationship into a twosome feels like a fait accompli from the get-go. Ultimately, Victorine trades her roommate, who had been like a sister to her, in for a lover who rents her a place of her own. She also gives up her trade as a silver burnisher to become his model. Although Manet dominates her world, she is never at his mercy. She exercises agency in modeling for an artist friend of his, Alfred Stevens. Also, there is equality in Victorine's sexual intimacy with Manet demonstrated by, for example, the absence of jealousy and by their shared participation in her birth control. This equality is echoed by their professional interactions in the studio, where he welcomes her opinion and offers to buy her her own supplies when he realizes she's been using his discarded tubes of watercolour paint. Naturally, there are liaisons that blur the lines between sexual and professional; for instance, he sketches her face while positioned between her legs, and she caresses herself to get the position of her hand just right in Olympia. Unfortunately, before being witness to their erotic egalitarianism, the reader must plod through passages like their initial lovemaking, in which he tips her breasts like bottles, tugs, sucks, and comments, "I like how they feel in my mouth" (p. 93). If this section were longer, it might be a contender for the bad sex in fiction award (yes, this is a real thing in the literary world).
This book is heavy on fantasy, and I don't mean that in an erotic way. Doubt has been cast on earlier assumptions that Manet and Meurent were more than colleagues. For example, as V R Main observes, Stevens was her lover (in Paris Red, they only share a close-mouthed kiss) but Manet probably wasn't, given that his life was cut short by syphilis while she lived to be elderly, suggesting that she did not contract the then incurable disease (1).
Their romantic involvement, if unlikely in real life, is essential to building momentum in the story because it effectively functions as foreplay for the creation of Olympia. 65 per cent of the book passes before they begin work on it. The painting is described but not named outright, much like the character of Manet. Also like him, its identity is only known conclusively through the book jacket. For the purposes of the story, the name of the artwork is not as important as the identity of the model in the foreground. Victorine recognizes herself on the canvas. She sees that Manet has painted her with dignity, yet he avoided sanitizing her. In realizing that fact, she realizes her own potential.
(1) Main, V R. "The Naked Truth." The Guardian. 3 Oct., 2008. http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/03/women.manet
Posted by Heather Saunders at 6:46 PM No comments:
Labels: Edouard Manet, Victorine Meurent
Thursday, August 6, 2015
Laurie Simmons at the Jewish Museum
"...young women assume dolls' attributes in social media selfies and vie for celebrity status."
Sarah Thornton, "Canada's hippest academic" (1) stated in her talk at the ROM last fall that artists' freedoms intensified with Duchamp's urinal sculpture, Fountain (1917). In its wake, "contemporary art made belief a central concern"—belief that an object is art because the artist says so, and that the artist has the authority to say so. Thornton elaborated that maintaining that authority is not easy, and branding is key.
Laurie Simmons, about whom Thornton writes in the book, 33 Artists in 3 Acts (Norton & Company, 2014), has always addressed belief in one way or another. She has been photographing constructed realities, such as dollhouse interiors, throughout her career. Recently, her attention has turned to life-size Japanese sex dolls, cosplay, and Doll Girls. In the latter subculture, which is the focus of How We See, her current exhibition at the Jewish Museum, young women assume dolls' attributes in social media selfies and vie for celebrity status.
The way I see it is that belief in the artist's skill is paramount. The viewer must believe that what is presented in the gallery has greater cultural worth than image search results on the Internet for 'Doll Girls.' Otherwise, why pay admission? Pristinely printed 70 x 48" images that tower over the viewer and command attention in an ornate room certainly fit the bill.
Simmons' head and shoulder portraits feature models with eyes drawn on their lids. Eyelashes are drawn above, and in one work, they are even affixed. With the lids closed, the upper lashes thicken and accentuate the lower lashes. As a security guard mentioned when I struck up a brief conversation, many people do not immediately notice this trickery. In fact, when I was there, one visitor was most concerned with comparing a model to Miley Cyrus. Only in person is it evident that the texture of the eyelids mimics canvas as much as it looks like skin. On occasion, there is evidence of the artist's hand (2) on the lid, such as a slight angle interrupting the smooth curve of the iris, acting as a clue to this intervention. I like that she has also lined the models' lips, which I have always found to be a bizarre strategy. Arguably, it calls the larger world of cosmetics into question, rather than just the Doll Girls subculture.
Simmons' interest in beautification is longstanding. Thornton writes that as a child, she had memorized the names of lipstick and nail polish colours. Perhaps it's because I have Thornton on my mind, but Simmons' work strikes me as something of a sociological survey, in that judgment seems to be withheld in the depiction of the Doll Girls. This may be because Simmons doesn't consider herself to be an ardent feminist (for more on this, see my post on this blog from October 2010 about her artist talk at the International Center of Photography). I'm aware that I'm projecting my own feminist values when I see elements of the women's white clothing (3), such as the word 'no' on the collar, as signs of protest.
In the arc of art history, rationally, the portraits shouldn't feel disturbing. A connection could be made to ancient white marble statues that appeared to have blank eyes, but which we now know were painted in polychrome. In Western painting, there is a long tradition of women not meeting the viewer's objectifying gaze. Early daguerreotypes featured subjects with their eyes closed because of the dreadfully long exposure time needed. And then came the surrealists, who were fascinated by the act of sleeping and capturing it in images. All the same, Simmons six portraits read as disturbing. Maybe it's that their vacant stares make they feel like robots. Maybe it's that they have warm backgrounds in colours reminiscent of lava lamps, underscoring a sense of artificiality. Maybe it's that Simmons, who I think of as giving life to the inanimate, has stolen some of the figures' humanity and their dignity seems not to have suffered.
How We See made headlines when fellow Pictures Generation colleague Richard Prince nabbed one of Simmons' images from her popular Instagram account, printed it and exhibited it as his own (as is his way). This brings us back to Duchamp's urinal. Given that the original was lost, is Alfred Stieglitz's documentation or the replica any less believable as Fountain than the original?
The exhibition end date has been extended to August 16.
(1) Webb, Ann. Introduction to presentation by Sarah Thornton, "33 Artists in 3 Acts." Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON. 20 Oct. 2014.
(2) The makeup artists are Landy Dean and James Kaliardos. Simmons, Laurie. "Laurie Simmons," Artforum. 11 Mar. 2015 http://artforum.com/words/id=50603
(3) The designer is Rachel Antonoff. Hering, Deirdre. "The Lifeless Eyes of Laurie Simmons's Human Dolls," Hyperallergic. 22 July 2015 http://hyperallergic.com/224074/the-lifeless-eyes-of-laurie-simmonss-human-dolls/
Posted by Heather Saunders at 6:24 AM No comments:
Labels: Laurie Simmons, Marcel Duchamp, Sarah Thornton
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While you can't wear sheepskin slippers all day you can definitely take a little piece of comfort with you with these genuine sheepskin insoles. Suitable for any type of footwear you may find yourself in just slip in a pair of these insoles to take a little bit of heaven with you at all times. Sheepskin insoles provide not only comfort but warmth that you deserve.
As well these authentic sheepskin insoles are perfect to liven up an old pair pf slippers. Simply insert an insole and you'll instantly feel the soft comfort of sheepskin.
Customer Questions & Answers
Is the bottom of the inserts soft or hard? Can they be cut to fit, if they are a bit long?
A: Our sheepskin Insoles feature a soft leather sole, this makes them very pliable and easy to mold. If you needed to trim the edges of the insoles to get it to be the perfect fit, it is most certainly something that can be done with these! However, please keep in mind that if you were to trim them down, they would no longer be eligible for a return/exchange.
Shoe Size Guide
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About Sheepskin
Write a Review
From: Cedarburg, WI
Fit perfectly in my hunting boots, made boots warm, and the second pair rejuvenated my shearling slippers.
From: Dublin, Ireland
Sheepskin insoles - Very good product, arrived swiftly and was exactly what I wanted. I have already recommended them to family and friends
Slipper lover
From: Summerland, B.C
The liners are the right size, fluffy and arrived very quickly by mail. However, the shipping was quite expensive perhaps because of the size of the box...there was really no weight involved? Otherwise, very happy with the purchase.
From: Claresholm, Alberta
I own some nice fleece lined slippers but the fleece was compacted with no hope of resurrection. I ordered these liners at a good price. They came quickly and the sizing worked without trimming. My slippers are like new, thank you so much.
From: USA
love them
From: roseland nj
Shopping at the website was easy. I ordered sheepskin insoles. They look wonderful. However I planned to use them inside my slippers and they are not wide enough for any slipper.
From: St. Paul MN USA
I bought these for a pair of outdoor boots which weren't keeping my feet warm enough. They have helped a lot and I would definitely purchase again.
From: ottaw
perfect...works well...at first \I thought this is so small but after using it.....it actually feels more comfortable than the longer ones
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text: High School High School Main Page High School Wrestler Reports High School Team Reports High School Meet Results High School Live Cvg Meets College College Main Page College Wrestler Reports College Team Reports College Meet Results College Live Cvg Meets College Conf Standings Special Events Iowa State Duals Indiana State Duals NCAA Division I Championships 2009/2010 National Duals 2010 Auto-Refresh Find Out How to Purchase the Scorebook! Welcome to the Scorebook for Northwestern - Northwestern - 21 Purdue - 18 (1/29/2012) View Stats View as a PDF View in MS Excel Agate as a PDF Agate in MS Excel Agate in Text Turn On Auto-Refresh Select Wt Class Name School Opponent Name Opponent School Result WinType Score Tourney Place In Progress View 125 Levi Mele Northwestern Eppert, Camden Purdue W DEC 6 - 0 No View 133 Jameson Oster Northwestern Fields, Matt Purdue L DEC 1 - 7 No View 141 Pasquale Greco Northwestern Lawrence, Nick Purdue W DEC 5 - 4 No View 149 Kaleb Friedley Northwestern Lopouchanski, Ivan Purdue L DEC 6 - 8 No View 157 Jason Welch Northwestern Churchard, Tommy Purdue W FALL 1:12 No View 165 Pierce Harger Northwestern Mosier, Kyle Purdue W DEC 8 - 3 No View 174 Leroy Munster Northwestern Stein, Drake Purdue W FALL 0:13 No View 184 Marcus Shrewsbury Northwestern Atwood, Braden Purdue L FALL 1:06 No View 197 John Schoen Northwestern Kissel, A.J. Purdue L DEC 0 - 7 No View 285 Michael McMullan Northwestern Vukobratovich, Roger Purdue L DEC 1 - 3 No


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email@example.com Continuously updated all day, every day!
Kuga upsets JBC#1 Baat
By Joe Koizumi Photo by Boxing Beat We saw finals of the tourney to decide the next mandatory challengers to our Japanese national titleholders. ...
Hernandez KOs ex-champ Terrazas in two
By Gabriel F. Cordero Photos: Promociones del Pueblo Unbeaten super featherweight Eduardo "Rocky" Hernandez (20-0-3, 17 KOs) scored a second round KO over former ...
Nery KOs Mepranum, takes aim at title shot
Photos: Zanfer Promotions Unbeaten WBC #2, WBA #6, WBO #10 bantamweight Luis "Pantera" Nery (21-0, 15 KOs) scored a second round KO over ...
Pacquiao hits LA
Photos: Mikey Williams / Top Rank
Uchiyama, Taguchi to fight for WBA belts on New Year's Eve
By Joe Koizumi Photos by Boxing Beat Former WBA super-feather champion Takashi Uchiyama will face current titleholder Jezreel Corrales, Panama, to regain his belt ...
Kuga upsets JBC#1 Baat1
Hernandez KOs ex-champ Terrazas in2
Nery KOs Mepranum, takes aim3
Pacquiao hits LA4
Uchiyama, Taguchi to fight for5
- Arum: Andy (Ruiz) has a helluva shot against Parker
- Kuga upsets JBC#1 Baat
- Hernandez KOs ex-champ Terrazas in two
- Lerena beats Nielsen in poor fight
- Nery KOs Mepranum, takes aim at title shot
- "Bronca" dethrones "Raging" Raja
- Mikey Garcia to challenge Dejan Zlaticanin on Jan 28
- Pacquiao hits LA
- Lemieux taken the full distance by Rios
- Ex-champ Butler outpoints Ruiz
- Cunningham hands Ogogo his first loss
and make sure you're getting the latest updates.
See Sturm-Lorenzo on US TV
The Felix Sturm/Giovanni Lorenzo middleweight showdown for Sturm's WBA title will be broadcast on ESPN3.com and Spanish language ESPN Deportes starting at 4:30pm EST live from Cologne, Germany.
Tough debut for Teper
Tonight WBA middleweight champion Felix Sturm will give his comeback after 14 months of ring absence by defending his title against Giovanni Lorenzo in Cologne, Germany. On the undercard ARENA CEO Ahmet Öner will present some of his upcoming German stars such as middleweight Benjamin Simon and super middleweights Dennis Ronert and Mike Keta. German heavyweight amateur standout Erkan Teper (146 amateur fight, 130 wins) will give his pro debut against fellow German veteran Marcel Zeller. "The Highlander" Zeller has won 22 out of 29 pro-fights and will certainly give Teper a lot to think about in his very first pro appearance. Teper was originally scheduled to fight Pavel Siska (32 fight, 25 losses) from Czech Republic. (more…)
Labor Day sale @ Everlast!
WEC signs first Chinese fighter
World Extreme Cagefighting® announced today the signing of undefeated lightweight fighter Tiequan "The Mongolian Wolf" Zhang of Beijing, China. Zhang, who will take on The Ultimate Fighter® alum Alex Karalexis in his debut on Sept. 30 in Broomfield, Colo., becomes the first fighter from mainland China to fight in the WEC. (more…)
Congrats to Monica
Publicist Monica Sears at Golden Boy Promotions has been promoted to the newly created position of Director Of Communications & Events. "Monica will continue in her role as a driving force behind the maintenance, growth and improvement of Golden Boy's PR Department and will continue her efforts to improve the quality and capabilities of general operations of Golden Boy events," said David Itskowitch, Chief Operating Officer of GBP. Formerly with public relations giant Brener Zwikel & Associates, Monica joined GBP four years ago as a Public Relations Coordinator. Today she is one of the most well respected and appreciated pr people in boxing. FightNews congratulates Monica Sears on a job well done!
Q&A: Felix Sturm
By Mark Vaz
In Colon, Germany, three-time world champ Felix Sturm returns to the ring today after a 14-month layoff to defend his WBA World Middleweight Title for the 8th time against tough Dominican Giovani Lorenzo, 29-2 (21). After a long career under the promotional banner of Universum, Sturm will now endeavor to follow in the footsteps of the Klitschko's by working as his own promoter, joining forces with Arena-Box, Ahmet Ohner's highly respected promotional company based in Hamburg. Sturm plans to conclude his career as captain of his own destiny, after a drawn-out lawsuit with his former promoters. (more…)
Lorenzo: Judges Can't Protect Sturm
Report and photo by David Greene
The wait is over for Bronx, NY, resident Giovanni Lorenzo, 29, who has waited his whole life for a chance, that chance comes tonight, when the heavy-hitting fighter challenges for the middleweight championship. Lorenzo (29-2, 21 KOs) has been busy training at the new World Wide Boxing Gym on Jerome Avenue in the Bedford Park section of the New York borough, sparring 34-rounds with one-time, "Contender's," star Ishe Smith, in preparation for his challenge of WBA middleweight champion Felix Sturm (33-2, 14 KOs), in Cologne, Germany on Saturday, September 4. For more details and photos click here…
Ushona wins in seven
By Ron Jackson
The polished Betuel Tyson Ushona from Namibia was most impressive in scoring a seventh round stoppage win over Pius Dipheko of South Africa in a scheduled ten round welterweight bout at the Turfontein Racecourse near Johannesburg on Friday night. Through the first three rounds neither fighter dominated as they both used their slick defensive skills, but in the fourth round Ushona (66.30kg) after dropping the South African with an unintentional low blow began to score with fast left-right combinations. Showing all his experience Ushona began to dominate in the sixth round with some slick moves and midway through the seventh he moved in with a flurry of blows to the head that sent Dipheko (66.40kg) staggering across the ring before falling down on his knees, as referee Phillip du Randt waved the fight off at 1 minute 45 seconds into the round. Ushona takes his record to 22-0; 4 and Dipheko drops to 19-7-2; 3. (more…)
Tragedy strikes Arum family
Sad news from the state of Washington. After a long search, the body of John Arum, the 49-year-old son of Hall of Fame promoter Bob Arum, was found in a rugged part of the Cascade Mountains 85 miles northeast of Seattle. An experienced mountaineer and environmentalist, Arum fell during a solo climb of the 8,515-foot Storm King peak. He had been attempting to climb the 100 highest summits in Washington and had previously scaled 82 of them. Everyone at Fightnews.com sends our thoughts and prayers to the Arum family during this difficult time.
Gonzalez, Alfaro crush foes
WBA minimumweight champion Roman "Chocolatito" Gonzalez (26-0, 22 KOs) reappeared on Friday night in a Nicaraguan ring after almost two years without fighting in his home country. "Chocolatito" annihilated 19-year-old Jesus Limones (9-2-1, 4 KOs) in two brutal rounds at the Centro de Convenciones Hotel Camino Real in Managua. Gonzalez floored Limones at the end of round one and finished him seconds into round two. The bout was fought in the jr flyweight division.
Former WBA lightweight champion Jose "Quiebra Jicara" Alfaro (24-6, 21 KOs), coming off his bout with Erik Morales in March, destroyed Joel Juarez (25-11-1) in a scheduled ten round super lightweight clash. Alfaro dropped Juarez once in round one and twice in round two before one-sided beatdown was waved off near the end of round two.
Morales Mexico City presser
Photo by Pepe Rodriguez/WBC
The stars of the "Gala Boxistica De La Ciudad De Mexico", Erik "Terrible" Morales, Ana María Torres, Daniel Estrada, Edgar Sosa, Reyes Sanchez and Carlos Zarate Jr, accompanied by the WBC president, Jose Sulaiman, and promoter of the night on Sept. 11, Jose Luis Villuendas, came to the Museum of Grupo Modelo, which once again highlighted the importance of the evening to ratify the safe peacefulness of Mexico City. (more…)
Biosse Defeats King
Ringside by Scott Ploof
Photo: Emily Harney
Former University of Rhode Island Football Player, Vladine Biosse (8-0, 4 KOs) made the most of his first opportunity in the main event of the evening at the Twin River Events Center in Lincoln, RI on Friday night as he defeated Ibahiem "The Almighty" King (7-5, 2 KOs) in an all action eight round bout. Biosse got the better of King early in the bout. He continued to control the pace up until King landed a surprise counter sent Biosse down on one knee in the fourth. Biosse recovered and dropped King twice in round six however King was able to hang on. In the end, Biosse walked away with the unanimous decision by scores of 77-73 twice and 77-72.
Rhode Island's Joe Gardner (6-1-1, 1 KO) scored a workmanlike six round unanimous decision over New Bedford, MA's Eric Pinarreta (2-5, 2 KOs) in a super middleweight bout. Scores of the bout were 59-55 twice and 60-54. Gardner controlled the tempo of the contest throughout with his jab and reach advantage. As the fight wore on Gardner continued to throw punches and move around the ring, while Pinarreta could only hold on as he seemed out of gas later in the fight.
Heavyweight Eric Estrada (2-0, 2 KOs) dominated Washington D.C.'s Tauheed Wheeler (0-2) in less than one round after landing a barrage of unanswered punches. With Wheeler cowering in the corner, unable to defend himself, referee Joey Luppino stopped the bout at 2:40 of the opening round. (more…)
Lorenzo steamed over gloves
A week's worth of waiting in Germany for his middleweight title bout against WBA champion Felix Sturm has put challenger Giovanni Lorenzo in a fierce mood and Thursday's rules meeting was the last straw.
"Sturm said last week in an interview posted on Fightnews.com that we could wear any gloves we wanted. At the rules meeting yesterday, Sturm tried to insist that we use only the gloves of his choice, Grant. As we use Everlast, it is unacceptable to make this change" said Lorenzo. (more…)
Pacquiao-Margarito Dallas Presser
Photos by Chris Farina/Top Rank
The U.S. Media Tour for the November 13 super clash between Manny Pacquiao and Antoniuo Margarito wrapped up today at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas.
Pacquiao: I'm going to hide this stadium from that Tornado…I'm just doing my job in the ring to make the fans happy.
Margarito: It's not a little rain, it's a big Tornado approaching….This one is for Mexico. I'm bringing back the title.
Trainer Freddie Roach: The Tornado will be downsized to a tropical storm by Manny Pacquiao.
Trainer Robert Garcia: I'm going to train him to put a beating on Manny Pacquiao.
Click here for more photos…
Weights from Dnipropetrovs.k
By Alexey "Oscar" Potapov
Photo by K2 Ukraine
Maksym Bursak 159.6 vs. Bryan Vera 160.1
(WBO Inter-Continental middleweight title)
Andriy Rudenko 250.1 vs. Jason Barnett 230.9
Serhiy Fedchenko 142.6 vs. Ferenc Zold 144.9
Vitaliy Rusal 177.2 vs. George Tevdorashvili 181.7
Valeriy Brazhnyk 147.7 vs. Fayzullo Ahmedov TBA
Dmytro Semernin 149.9 vs. Denys Tupylenko 148.7
Vitaliy Neveselyy 199.2 vs. Kim Jenssen 202.2
Oleksandr Spyrko 147.7 vs. Mamasoli Kimsanbayev TBA
Oleksiy Bondarenko 136.6 vs. Dmytro Bohachuk 134.8
Agali Alyshev 131.6 vs. Serhiy Korzhnyy 131.6
Venue: Sportpalace Meteor, Dnipropetrovs.k, Ukraine
Promoter: K2 Ukraine
TV: Inter
Click here for more photos…
Vicente to face Avila
By Robert Coster
Up and coming featherweight Jenifel Vicente (17-0-2, 11 KOs), popular for his non-stop punching style, will be crossing swords with grizzled, dynamite-fisted veteran Hector Julio Avila (47-4, 42 KOs) on September 18 at the Carlos Teo Cruz Coliseum in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. A classic matchup of youth vs. experience. Both men have predicted victories and Dominican fans are also split in antagonistic camps as to who will emerge the victor. The card will also showcase some of the best talents the island has to offer, namely middleweight Juan Ubaldo Cabrera (18-0), welterweight Melvin Betancourt (18-0) and former amateur stars, featherweight Juan Carlos Payano, super middleweight Gilbert Castillo and lightweight Claudio Marrero.
Weights from Finland
Report and photos by Pasi Taavitsainen
Amin Asikainen 170.1 vs. Jaudiel Zepeda 163.1
Denis Shafikov 143.7 kg vs. Peter Semo 142.4
Edis Tatli 136.6 vs. Rudy Encarnacion 137.1
Jussi Koivula 149 vs. Vatche Wartanian 149.9
Eva Wahlstrom 130 vs. Nadezhda Manakova 123.4
Niko Jokinen 169.7 vs. Ivan Maslov 165.7
Venue: Toolon Kisahalli, Helsinki, Finland
Promoter: P3 Boxing
Abrahamania in Monaco
Thousands of Arthur Abraham fans are expected to flock into Monaco on October 2. That is when King Arthur faces Carl Froch in Showtime´s Super Six World Boxing Classic third-round match in the famous Chapiteau de Fontvieille. Abraham can count on two huge fan groups: His gigantic German fan-base plus his Armenian home support. "There will be a lot of fans travelling to Monaco – from Germany, from Armenia, from France, from everywhere," King Arthur said. "I have chartered plans to fly them all in from Armenia and Berlin. Even in training camp here at the Baltic Sea (Zinnowitz) my fans have been asking me about tickets. They will drive down all the way from this coast to the other coast to watch the clash." (more…)
Weights From Guadalajara
Photo by Rafael Soto Zanfer/Top Rank
Omar Niño 108 vs Ronald Barrera 108
(WBC junior flyweight championship)
Jorge Solis 130 vs Francisco Cordero 130
(WBA Interim super featherweight championship)
Rafael Guzman 124 vs Sergio Lopez 126
Alejandro Gonzalez Jr. 116 vs TBA
Venue: Coliseo De La U De G
Promoter: Zanfer, Top Rank, HG Boxing
TV: Fox Sports and TV Azteca Mexico
Click here for more photos…
O'Donnell, Fury on SHOWTIME
Britain's John O'Donnell and Tyson Fury are not yet household names in the United States, but exposure in America may be all that the talented fighters are lacking. Consensus from boxing experts across the pond is that both boxers possess the ability to one day win a world championship. O'Donnell and Fury take what they hope will be the next step to becoming global superstars when they showcase their skills to a U.S. audience for the first time in the co-featured bouts on ShoBox: The New Generation on Friday, Sept. 10, on SHOWTIME® (11 p.m. ET/PT, same-day delay) from York Hall in London, England. (more…)
New foes for Macklin, Konecny
Some changes in promoter Frank Warren's big September 18 show in Birmingham, England. Following the recent withdrawals of Darren Barker and Ryan Rhodes from their fights against Matthew Macklin and Lukas Konecny, respectively, Warren has been working hard to keep one of the biggest shows of his career together. The Hall of Fame promoter can now confirm that Macklin will face Georgian Shalva Jomardashvili for the vacant European middleweight title, while Manchester's Matthew Hall gets a golden opportunity against Konecny for the vacant European light middleweight title. (more…)
Martinez, Burns make weight
Photo: Joel A. Colón / PR Best Boxing
Undefeated super featherweight champion Roman Martinez and challenger Ricky Burns both made weight for their showdown on Saturday at Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland. The unbeaten Martinez weighed 128.8 lbs., while Burns scaled in at 129.8. (more…)
Vazquez Jr opponent named
On October 16, All Star Boxing, Inc and Promoter Tuto Zabala, Jr. will return to the city that has hosted many of the company's boxing shows during the past 10 years. Its regular popular series of Boxeo TELEMUNDO has filled the Kissimmee Civic Center on many occasions, only this time it will come back with a world title fight and one of the biggest shows in Central Florida history that will be hosted at the 10,500 seat Silver Spurs Arena of the Osceola Heritage Park in an event billed: "The Rising Son Returns."
In the main event WBO Jr. Featherweight Champion Wilfredo Vazquez, Jr. of Bayamon, Puerto Rico will make the second defense of his title when he meets his toughest opponent so far in Ivan "Choko" Hernandez of Ensenada, Mexico in a bout scheduled for 12 rounds with Vazquez' WBO Jr. Featherweight Title at stake. (more…)
Sturm-Lorenzo make weight
By Wolfgang Schiffbauer
WBA middleweight champion Felix Sturm weighed in at 72.1 kgs/158.95 lbs and Giovanni Lorenzo tipped the scale at 71.8 kgs/158.29 lbs. Both looked to be in tremendous shape and had to be seperated after an intense stare down. The weigh-in took place at the BMW Procar car dealership in Cologne.
Oleydong draws with Pornsawan
By Damrong Simakajornboon
Photos : Sroi Mungmee
WBC strawweight champion Oleydong Sithsamerchai (34-0-1,12 KOs) barely kept his WBC crown as he scored a majority draw with four-time world challenger Pornsawan Por Pramook (22-3-1,16 KOs) on Friday at Kadchoengdoi Shopping Center in Chiengmai, Thailand. Oleydong dominated in the first four rounds with his counter attack tactic, however the show little by little turned to the challenger who tirelessly stalked the champion. The climax occurred in round six when Pornsawan successfully floored Oleydong with vicious body attacks, then he dropped the champion again but it was considered by the referee as a slippery. The action was a close affair from round nine as aggressor Pornsawan looked weakened, which allowed Oleydong to display his effective counterpunches until the final round. Scored: Franz Marti (Switzerland) 114-114, Benjamin Rendon (Mexico) 114-114 and Thawut Plumsamran (Thailand) 114-113 for the champion. Oleydong retained his WBC belt for the sixth time.
One Punch Expands to Charlotte
Longtime Florida promoter One Punch Productions has announced that negotiations are complete for it's expansion into the Charlotte, NC market. "This is a great move for us, and I'm very happy to be going into Charlotte" said One Punch Productions President Terry Trekas. "I have been looking at additional markets for almost a year, and ultimately it came down to Charlotte and Savannah, GA. In the end, I chose Charlotte." (more…)
Morales, Sosa updates
Erik Morales and Edgar Sosa recently visited the Raul "Raton" Macîas gymnasium as invited guests of former champion Isaac "Tortas" Bustos. Sosa entertained the public with an open workout as he prepared to face Pilipino fighter Ryan Bito for the WBC International Flyweight title on September 11th at the Monumental Bullring of Mexico City. Morales goes for his 50th career win vs. Willie Limond in the main event.
Eric Morales: "I'm very happy to interact with the people once again, something I have not done since 2002 when I was promoting fights in the United States. I thought it was beautiful that they played "Las Mañanitas" for me. Winning a world title in my fourth division is my objective. I work hard to be able to do it, but everything is little by little to get to the fourth world title. There have been talks with the people from Golden Boy Promotions about a fight with Juan Manuel Marquez."
Edgar Sosa: "I am bound step by step towards the flyweight title. I feel great physically and energetically. It is always great to interact up close with the fans that support us. Each day I feel like I am in better physical condition for the great Bicentennial Gala. I have not abandoned my dream of fighting for the WBC World Flyweight title, currently held by Pongsakiek Wonjongkam of Thailand, but what is important right now is to only think about his battle with Ryan Bito."
Mirko's memorable moments
One of the most ferocious strikers in mixed martial arts history, Mirko Cro Cop has rebounded from a rocky start in the UFC to reel off wins in three of his last four bouts, including a spectacular June win over Pat Barry. On September 25th, he's back in action and back in the main event, as he takes on former two-time UFC heavyweight champ Frank Mir. Will this bout be added to the list of Cro Cop's most memorable moments? . . . Click here for more by Thomas Gerbasi, UFC
Zaveck, Jackiewicz make weight
Photo: Eroll Popova
Photos: Eroll Popova
Jan Zaveck 145.9 vs. Rafal Jackiewicz 146.8
(IBF welterweight title)
Christina Hammer 159.2 vs. Mihaela Dragan 158.5
Tjasa Kolar 110.7 vs. Anika Kurzer 113.5
Denis Simcic 174.8 vs. Istvan Varga 173.9
Goran Delic 208.6 vs. Attila Makula (TBA)
Predrag Radosevic 173.1 vs. Thomas Hengstberger (TBA)
Tommy Altmann 153.4 vs. Bronislav Kubin 150.8
Venue: Sportpark Arena in Ljubljana, Slovenia
Promoter: SES Boxing
TV: Sport1 (Germany)
more photos
Floyd Mayweather Speaks
Roy Jones Jr. returns
Former multiple world champion and future hall of famer Roy Jones Jr. (54-7, 40 KOs) will again return to the ring. Jones will meet former world title challenger Danny Santiago (31-4-1, 19 KOs) on October 7th in Jones' hometown of Pensacola, Florida. An official announcement naming the site of the fight will take place next week.
Niño, Solis ready in Guadalajara
By Gabriel F. Cordero
At Thursday's press conference, Mexican world champions Omar Niño and Jorge Solís declared themselves ready to defend their world crowns. Niño will defend his WBC jr flyweight crown against the Colombian Ronald "Indio" Barrera, while Solís will risk his WBA interim super featherweight title against Francisco "Volcano" Cordero.
The event HG Boxing/Zanfer Boxing event billed as "Regreso Glorioso" will take place in the Olympic Theater at Guadalajara University on Saturday. FOX Sports Espanol will televise in the USA. (more…)
Canelo Alvarez workout
Photo by Victor Strafford – Hoganphotos/Golden Boy
Mexican boxing phenom Saul "Canelo" Alvarez stretches on Thursday in Guadalajara, Mexico during a media workout in preparation for his September 18 fight against former world champion Carlos Baldomir which will take place on the undercard of Shane Mosley vs. Sergio Mora at STAPLES Center in Los Angeles. (more…)
Search continues for Arum's son
A waist-style day pack was found this afternoon during an aerial search of Storm King Mountain in North Cascades National Park. The pack was found on the north side of the mountain in steep, cliffy terrain at an elevation of 8000 feet. National Park Rangers have confirmed that the day pack belongs to John Arum, the 49-year old mountaineer and son of Hall of Fame boxing promoter Bob Arum, who was reported missing Monday, August 30. Arum was planning to solo climb Storm King Mountain on Saturday, August 28.
Public statement from the Arum Family: John's family is deeply grateful for the efforts taken by the dedicated members of the National Park Service, King County Sheriff's Office and the volunteers from Chelan Mountain Rescue and the Stehekin Community that are working tirelessly on the search and rescue operation. Their professionalism and commitment gives us continued hope. Thank you for your thoughts, prayers and respect for our privacy at this time.
Pacman-Margarito in Dallas
Photos by Chris Farina/Top Rank
Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones welcomes superstar Manny Pacquiao and three-time world champion Antonio Margarito to Cowboy Stadium to watch the Dallas-Miami pre-season game Thursday night. Pacquiao and Margarito will hold a press conference Friday at the stadium for their upcoming mega fight on November 13 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Pacquiao vs Margarito is promoted by Top Rank in association with MP Promotions and Cowboys Stadium. This telecast will be available live on HBO Pay-Per-View. Click here for more photos…
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text:
Steamed Alaskan King Crab Claws
- 6 Alaskan king crab claws, thawed
- 2 sprigs dill
If necessary in order to fit in microwave, cut claws at joints. Wrap 3 claws at a time in a damp paper towel, along with 1 sprig of dill, and then wrap in plastic wrap. Place wrapped claws in microwave 1 package at a time and cook on high for 2 minutes. Remove and unwrap carefully. Serve immediately.
Recipe courtesy of Alton Brown


text:
tvbs.com.tw opened on 31.1.1984 and this domain is 32 years, 8 months old. We see that tvbs.com.tw is using Google Adsense to monetize and , 20555 Alexa Rank and Country rank shows us how good and useful this site is.It is well known webmasters care about W3 Validator and fortunately W3 didn't find any error and warning on tvbs.com.tw. It is important for every website to open quick and be smooth while surfing. We see this site opens in 302 milliseconds and it is a really good score. This domain's nameservers are ns1.tvbs.com.tw and ns2.tvbs.com.tw.On our researches we see tvbs.com.tw gets visitors with these words : tvbs, tvbs新聞, 女人我最大, 食尚玩家, 氣象, zalora, 棺材本, 敖君怡, 24例, 美魔女劉曉慶 57歲. This website doesn't have any keyword, we think they should put at least one or two keywords. We see tvbs.com.tw has DMOZ record in False category that is why we think this website is 100% secure to surf but since DMOZ wants money to add your website to Dmoz we can't say, if a site is not in Dmoz then it is not a secure site.We see that your website gets most of the users with these missed types;5vbs.com.tw, tbs.com.tw, tbvbs.com.tw, tvs.com.tw, tvgbs.com.tw, tvba.com.tw,
Mostly to be successful, and to obtain top rankings or positions in the search engines.


text:
Hourly - Entry Level ($) - Est. Time: Less than 1 week, 10-30 hrs/week - PostedSkills: Salesforce.com Data Analytics Data mining Google Analytics
We have a client who is interested in analyzing where customers are coming from online. They will provide a list of customers, geography, phone, email, and created date of lead. From here the contractor will look at analytics to try and narrow down the search history in Google Analytics-- find the search based on time and day. From here the analyst will determine the keyword that created the search. This is the information the client is seeking. 150 customers or thereabouts, some of whose history analyst will be unable to find.


text:
Do your kids get off schedule?
We fall back on Saturday night into Sunday morning.
Do your kids get off schedule or have to adjust to the time changes twice a year?
Add your quick reply below:
You must be a member to reply to this post.
Replies (1-8):
1-8 of 8 replies
by Bronze Member on Oct. 30, 2013 at 12:23 PM
It usually takes a couple of weeks for my son to adjust.
by Platinum Member on Oct. 30, 2013 at 5:48 PM
I haven't noticed it with Lina in past years. The thing that I do notice is that for a month or so her internal clock is off by close to an hour for eating. Other than that I don't think so.
by Darby on Oct. 31, 2013 at 6:35 AM
Brady will be fine...it doesn't usually affect him...we'll see though:)
Nope, we don't do daylight savings in az :)
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by Gold Member on Oct. 31, 2013 at 11:23 AM
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Crap, that's this Sunday. Our week has already been an off schedule mess. Yes, that won't help my situation!! Augh!!
by Gold Member on Oct. 31, 2013 at 10:15 PM
The last time change was the first one I've noticed that really messed them up. I guess we'll have to wait and see lol
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|Sunday 30 October, 2016
|Musée des Instruments de Musique (MIM), Brussels
Song recital with Paul Beier
|Monday 14 - Thursday 17 November, 2016
|National University of Music, Bucharest, Romania
Foundation Course
Lord Ashburton and his son Mark Baring, owners of the Grange and its park at Northington in Hampshire, today announced that a new company has been formed to continue the annual opera seasons. The Grange Festival will have its inaugural season in 2017 directed by counter tenor Michael Chance.
The dates of SienAgosto 2016 are announced: 19th - 30th August 2016. Twelve days of Teaching, Masterclasses, Lectures, and Concerts in and around Siena, Italy, in collaboration with Siena School.
There are still a few places available for Siena Academy 2016. Please feel free to apply until 16th May 2016. Early application will secure a place, and the possibility of a bursary.
CD (2015) Stradivarius
CD (2013) Stradivarius
CD (2012) Glossa
Download samples of new recordings of lute songs, made recently in Italy with the American lutenist Paul Beier.


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The London blitz.
The 1940 evacuation of Dunkirk, France.
Henry Tudor defeats King Richard III at Bosworth Field.
William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at Hastings in 1066.
British troops at Normandy.
Blitzkrieg at Arras, in Belgium.
More than 57,000 lives are lost in a matter of hours at the Battle of the Somme.
The World War I British meet German mechanized forces for the first time at Mons.
In 1815 Wellington defeats Napoleon at Waterloo.
Henry V gains victory over the French at Agincourt despite overwhelming odds.


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It is time for more wash and learn fun with Train Up a Child, In Lieu of Preschool, and Bath Activities for Kids. This week we are sharing some simple and fun math activities!
Simple & Fun Math Activities for Kids
There are so many ways to explore math at bath time while making it FUN! Today I am sharing a few of my girls favorite bath activities that sneak basic math skills right into their PLAY! One way my girls love to play at bath is with pool noodles. There are so many ways to use pool noodles at bath.
Doesn't this look like loads of fun? I am often tempted to jump in myself. Setting this up is very simple and there are tons of ways to explore math while swimming in OODLES of noodles. I used 4 pool noodles purchased from the dollar store. I cut the noodles into round circle shapes with a knife and threw them into the tub with some bubbles. The girls loved this as it was just like a ball pit at bath time!
The girls had a blast swimming in the noodles of course
And there are tons of fun and educational ways to use the noodles too!
Sneaking in the Math:
- Have your child stack the same color and count them
- Sort the colors into piles and count to see which color pile has more noodles
- Create a bar graph that visually illustrates the difference in the numbers 1-10
- Practice patterning
These pool noodle blocks can be used in so many mathematical ways. Besides that they are lots of fun to build with and really tap into creativity.
Jewel, age 20 months, loved lining them up and then knocking them off the side of the tub, a simple way for a toddler to explore gravity which they are very fascinated by.
Craft Foam Bath Blocks
Another favorite activity for my girls is their craft foam bath blocks. We made our first set of foam bath blocks for Rosie's red themed bath and have since made a whole color set. They are a big hit with the girls! They are essentially like sticker blocks that can be used and re-used time and time again.
Sneaking the math into the PLAY
- As they play and build have them talk about the shapes they are using. How many corners does each shape have? Have them count.
- Have them group the shapes together and count them
- Create patterns
- Order the shapes from smallest to biggest
- Group the shapes by color and count how many of each color there are
These bath blocks are so colorful and fun to create art with too!
We made the craft foam block set pictured above using one pack of craft foam purchased from the Dollar Tree. For one dollar the girls have a toy that lends itself to endless play, learning, and exploration! When you are done playing with the blocks just leave them hanging to dry before gathering and storing for next time.
As for the pool noodles, we bought a mesh bag with a suction cup for $2 to store them in
There are tons of other ways to use pool noodles in the bath too! We have more fun ideas using pool noodles on the way next week. You could also create floating sculpture art using pool noodles like The Chocolate Muffin Tree did in the pool and like Mama Scout did in the bath.
We made two frugal toys for bath time and are still finding endless ways to explore math while we play!
Fun Math Activities at Bath Time
The other fun math activities being shared today:


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Refreshing to see the American judging. Look what happened with Jeremy Abbott. You do not bring your "A" game you don't get rewarded. Even with his cache, he doubled his triple
axle made a few other errors and finished in third spot. He wont go to worlds since they can only send two. That would not happen here in Canada. What does Kevin Reynolds have to do to win,
a Quad Axle?
Men's short/ Free - since videos were hard to find or not available thought i would list them again.
1 Patrick Chan short http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeE5wY7-pzQ
Free http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXxiD...e=results_main
2 Kevin Reynolds short http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIEkuFOXU8g Free http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZciKUG4zgo
3 Andrei Rogozine Free http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EqOB7W7yaI
4 Elladj Balde Free http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTA0NzY3MTEy.html
5 Liam Firus short http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTA0MjI3NzU2.html Free http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTA0NzQ5MjI0.html
6 Nam Nguyen Free http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTA0NzcyNjEy.html
7 Mitchell Gordon Free http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTA0NzcyMTM2.html
8 Jeremy Ten short http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTA0MjI0NDI4.html Free http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwgLiwehiJ8
11Emanuel Sandhu short http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSPPtXXTaEI Free http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAuvNcwSS6s


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All original BMW accessories come with a limited warranty of up to 4 years/50,000 miles*
Separable cover that is made from high-quality textile fibers and attached by fitting over the front and rear headrest. Water proof, dirt repellent and washable.
Center pricing will be displayed once item is added to cart.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 28, 2003
|Filing date
|Oct 28, 2002
|Priority date
|Jul 24, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lawrence A. Clevenger, David B. Goland, Louis L. Hsu, Joseph F. Shepard, Jr., Subhash L. Shinde
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Classifications (27), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/910,763 filed Jul. 24, 2001.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to printing wiring patterns on greensheets and more particularly to an improved process for personalizing green sheets that utilizes X-ray printing.
2. Description of the Related Art
Large ceramic sheets that are used in the electronic industry are referred to as "greensheets". Such greensheets are used as a platform (e.g., board) to form connections between prefabricated integrated circuit chips. Such greensheets normally contain standard wiring patterns; However these wiring patterns can be customized (personalized) to accommodate the specific needs of given designs.
Traditionally, the personalization of greensheets was performed using screen printing techniques. However, screen printing techniques suffer from a number of disadvantages. For example, the masks used to perform the screen printing have a very limited life and screen printing has limited resolution.
Thus, as the line widths and spacings of circuit patterns on ceramic packages continue to decrease, the limits of traditional screen printing techniques are being approached. To meet the ever more aggressive design criteria, it is desirable to continue tightening the ground rules of the package while maintaining the speed and relative simplicity of screen printing. The invention described below resolves these problems via the utilization of X-ray lithographic methods and composite photo resists.
In view of the foregoing and other problems, disadvantages, and drawbacks of the conventional greensheet personalization processes, the present invention has been devised, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a structure and method for X-ray greensheet printing.
In order to attain the object(s) suggested above, there is provided, according to one aspect of the invention, a method which forms a conductive pattern on a ceramic sheet and deposits a photosensitive conductive material on a carrier. The invention then exposes a pattern of x-ray energy on the material and sinters the carrier and the material to the ceramic sheet such that only the conductive pattern of the material remains on the ceramic sheet. After the exposing, the invention develops the material and rinses the material to remove portions of the material patterned by the exposing so that the conductive pattern matches the pattern of x-ray energy. The exposing process exposes the pattern of x-ray energy through a non-contact mask. The sintering process removes the carrier and allows only the material to remain on the ceramic sheet. The material is a composite of a metal and a photosensitive agent which includes one of gold, nickle, molybdenum, and copper.
The invention further includes a wiring structure which has a photosensitive agent that is an exposed and developed photosensitive agent. The material of the structure is one of gold, nickle, molybdenum, and copper. The wiring structure includes a ceramic substrate which is a ceramic greensheet. The invention also contains a photosensitive agent which is one of polymethyl methacrylate and polybutene-1 sulfone.
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment(s) of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is a graph showing adsorption of X-rays at different wavelengths for a given metal filter;
FIG. 1B is a graph showing adsorption of X-rays at different wavelengths for a given metal filter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of a composite being exposed with X-rays through a mask in a process according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a preferred method of the invention.
In order to address the drawbacks of the conventional processes discussed in the background section, the invention exposes a metal/polymer composite photoresist 24 to a flux of X-radiation 20 (as shown in FIG. 2). The composite resist's 24 relative transparency to X-rays, when compared to other forms of radiation (e.g. UV or visible light), is capable of defining fine line widths with large aspect ratios. Moreover, the X-rays 20 and photoresist 24 are preferably engineered with desired wavelengths (via the proper selection of acceleration voltage and X-ray source) and chemistries in order to optimize exposure times and the depth of the circuit pattern.
X-ray printing requires the proper selection of wavelength in order to maximize the radiation flux through the composite resist (and thus minimize exposure time). As an illustration, the interplay between incident wavelength and X-ray absorption is illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B for a nickel Cu—K β filter (B. D. Cullity, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 2nd Ed., Adison Wesley, 1978, pg. 20.) When passed through the filter, the K β component of the incident radiation is severely reduced due to the large mass absorption coefficient of nickel at the Cu—K β wavelength, as shown in FIG. 1B. Conversely, as shown in FIG. 1A, the K α radiation has a wavelength slightly greater than nickel's K absorption edge which allows a much larger fraction of K α radiation to pass through the filter (the relation between incident wavelength and mass absorption coefficient is exponential).
To optimize the process, this invention utilizes Kα radiation emitted from a source material consistent with the desired metallic conductor, e.g. molybdenum. Kα radiation is chosen for a number of reasons; (1) the Kα wavelength is characteristic for a given element and the minimum voltage required to produce that wavelength may be readily calculated and (2) the absorption coefficient of the metallic component of the composite resist is minimized which maximizes penetration depth and enhances resolution (by limiting lateral exposure).
Referring more specifically to FIG. 2, one implementation of the invention is shown. In FIG. 2, molybdenum Kα X-rays (e.g., λ=0.711 ang.) 20 are delivered through an appropriate photomask 22 to a carrier plate 26 that has been previously spin coated with a thin layer of composite photoresist 24.
X-ray resists operate on the principle of chemical bond breaking, or chain scission, which is caused by the fluorescence of a resist molecule upon absorption of an incident X-ray. Examples of common X-ray resists include poly methyl methacrylate or poly butene-1 sulfone, abbreviated as PMMA and PBS, respectively. It should be noted that numerous resist compositions might be applicable to this invention, both positive and negative in nature. Selection of an appropriate resist will depend on the properties of the conductor used, the solids loading desired (i.e. percent metal/percent resist), and the process control necessary.
The X-ray mask 22 is constructed using techniques common to the semiconductor industry. In this example, the pattern is defined on the mask 22 using a thin layer of gold (or other high atomic number material such as lead, platinum or bismuth) deposited to a thickness dictated by the relative intensity of the X-radiation needed to effectively define the circuit pattern in the composite resist. The composite resist 24 is exposed for a time required to completely define the pattern through the bulk of the film 24. That time will be dependent upon the wavelength of the incident radiation, the absorption coefficient of the composite resist, the thickness of the resist, and the radiation flux of the X-ray source.
To minimize required exposure time, the wavelength used in this invention is tuned to the K absorption edge of the conductor used in the resist. The K absorption edge is specific to each element and is defined physically as the energy required to eject an electron from the K shell of a target atom. When the energy of the incident electrons in an X-ray tube are greater than that required for the ejection of an electron from the K shell, radiation of characteristic wavelengths, termed Kα and Kβ radiation are emitted from the target. Because the X-ray source is constructed from the same material as the conductor, absorption of Kα radiation is minimized, flux through the resist is maximized, and exposure times are reduced.
Typical conditions for X-ray printing would consist of the casting (via spin coating of liquid resist or fastening or solid sheets of previously cast resist) of an metal impregnated resist with a solid loading of greater than 50% onto an planer carrier substrate (e.g. plate glass). The thickness of the resist will be less than 2 mm with particle sizes in the range of 10 to 100 μm in diameter. The X-ray source is activated with a acceleration voltage greater than the critical value required for generation of Kα radiation from the X-ray target (e.g. Vcrit=20.01 kV for molybdenum). The intensity of the emitted radiation may be increased by raising the acceleration voltage with typical fluxes at about 1W/cm2.
To maintain sufficient intensity Ix of the incident radiation Io (and thus minimize exposure times via reduction of the flux absorbed by the metal particles) the mass absorption of the composite resist μ/ρcomposite should be minimized as illustrated in equation (x).
Mass absorption of a composite resist can be expressed as a weighted average of the mass absorption coefficients of its constituent components, i.e. metal conductor and polymer resist. The quantity is expressed as:
where wmetal and wresist are the weight fractions of the metal and resist, respectively and μ/ρ are their mass absorption coefficients.
For the case of a molybdenum target generating Kα radiation (λ=0.711 A), a PMMA based (μ/ρresist<1) resist containing 50% molybdenum (μ/ρMo˜18) will have an absorption coefficient on the order 10 in accordance with equation (x).
In order to make the process as efficient as possible therefore, it becomes necessary to minimize the quantity μ/ρcomposite. For a given weight percent of metal that is accomplished by minimizing the quantity μ/ρmetal via the utlization of an X-ray tube with target material identical to the conductor.
After X-ray exposure, the circuit pattern formed in the resist 24 is chemically developed, rinsed and transferred to a ceramic greensheet. The process of transferring the resist 24 to the greensheet is preferably a sintering process. The sintering process will dissolve the carrier 26, leaving the patterned conductive photoresist 24 in place on the personalized greensheet.
The inventive process is shown in flowchart form in FIG. 3. More specifically, the item 30 first forms a metallic composite 24 on a carrier 26. Then in item 32 there occurs exposure of the conductive pattern on the composite 24. Also, item 34 shows mounting the composite 24 and the carrier 26 on a ceramic sheet and, item 36 of the invention, sintering of the composite 24 to the ceramic sheet is complete.
The inventive X-ray printing technique provides a means by which the ground rules of microelectronic packaging can continue to be reduced. At present, "advanced ground rules" packages are designed with line widths of about 37 μm. In contrast, the resolution of X-ray lithographic methods has been reported at less than 0.1 μm. The X-ray methods described here may be used with a number of different metallurgies (e.g. molybdenum, copper, etc.) and the wavelengths of the incident radiation can be tuned to optimize the exposure times.
In addition to the reduction of line widths and spacings, X-ray personalization has a number of other potential advantages. The technique is non-contact and will therefore reduce the number of masks required (compared to current screen printing technologies), the masks need not be cleaned, and an alteration of ground rules does not dictate an adjustment of paste rheology. The metal/photoresist composite can be formulated with a singular composition and optimized for sintering and electrical characteristics. Also, the inventive technique is cleaner with less chance for contamination of the pattern with debris, particles, or paste flakes and the paste/sheet interaction is eliminated.
The same problem (i.e. shrinking line widths and spacings) has been identified previously. One conventional solution attempts to rectify the situation via the utilization of ultraviolet lithographic methods using gold and silver impregnated photoresists. Patterns which result have fine line widths (1 to 2 mil) but suffer from shallow thickness' (6.5 um).
Another conventional solution utilizes "pad printing" techniques in which metal containing inks (e.g. 70 Ag/30 Pd) are transferred to the desired substrate. This procedure uses a chemically etched or laser ablated cliche' (i.e. template) to hold the metal containing ink in the desired circuit geometry. A highly compliant elastomeric pad is then pressed into the cliche', lifted out, and pressed onto the desired substrate thereby transferring the circuit material. Line widths from 25 um to 600 um have been reported. However, the pad printing method has the potential for a lack of dimensional control, the possible introduction of contamination, the possible mechanical deformation of the substrate, and the need for application specific inks.
The inventive X-ray printing technique is better than both alternatives described above. The inventive method improves upon the conventional ultraviolet lithographic method's ground rules by an order of magnitude, yield lines thicker in the z-direction, and is applicable to an extensive number of conductors.
Z-direction thickness is limited as result of the UV radiation used. The wavelength of UV radiation is ˜3 orders of magnitude (i.e. 1000 times) longer than x-radiation and as such the energy is ˜3 orders of magnitude less (E˜1/wavelength). Therefore, when UV is used to expose composite resist it is attenuated (via absorption and reflection) at shallow depths and can't be used to make wires deep in the z-direction (this may also explain uses of gold or silver—both excellent conductors of electricity, as they provide the means from which to maintain the resistivity of the wire when its cross sectional area is limited by lithographic restraints).
The invention describes a process which dramatically reduces the ground rules attainable in ceramic packaging. The invention greatly improves the resolution of greensheet personalization and eliminates defects associated with contact methods like screen printing (e.g. extra of paste shorting adjactent lines). Chemical compositions of composite resists can be standardized (and therefore mass produced) which is an advantage over pastes that must be reformulated for every change in ground rules and each substrate composition.
Because the circuit pattern is exposed on a carrier and subsequently transferred to a substrate, the substrate need not be planer. This allows the potential for the fabrication of three dimensional circuits.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 14, 1970
|May 15, 1973
|Ppg Industries Inc
|Image plane plate
|Sep 27, 1974
|Oct 26, 1976
|General Electric Company
|Method for making a circuit board and article made thereby
|Mar 24, 1976
|Sep 20, 1977
|General Electric Company
|Method for making a circuit board and article made thereby
|Jul 2, 1986
|May 9, 1989
|W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.
|Imaging process for forming ceramic electronic circuits
|Apr 11, 1991
|Dec 29, 1992
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Conductive ink composition and method of forming a conductive thick film pattern
|Dec 30, 1993
|Jan 2, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Process for producing circuitized layers and multilayer ceramic sub-laminates and composites thereof
|Jun 14, 1996
|May 26, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|High accuracy fabrication of X-ray masks with optical and E-beam lithography
|Nov 6, 1997
|Jan 11, 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Electrode modification using an unzippable polymer paste
|Aug 24, 1999
|Apr 24, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Electrode modification using an unzippable polymer paste
|Aug 5, 1999
|Dec 24, 2002
|Electrostatically focused addressable field emission array chips (AFEA's) for high-speed massively parallel maskless digital E-beam direct write lithography and scanning electron microscopy
|Title not available
|U.S. Classification
|430/198, 430/311, 430/967
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 10, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 6, 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 28, 2011
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 20, 2011
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20111028


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Brit Award nominee Tinie Tempah will headline the Big Top at this year's Isle of Wight festival, which runs from 10-12 June at Seaclose Park, Newport.
The breakthrough artist will showcase his blend of grime and R&B on Saturday evening, joining big names like Kings of Leon, Foo Fighters and Kasabian on the festival's line-up.
Other acts on the bill include Pulp, Seasick Steve and Iggy and the Stooges.
Click here to see the latest Isle of Wight Festival line-up.
Tickets for the festival have sold out, but some are still available through our secondary ticketing partner, viagogo, which acts as a secure middle man for fans to sell spare tickets if they're unable to attend.
At the time of publication, Isle of Wight Festival 2011 tickets are available from £225.
Click here to buy Isle of Wight Festival tickets through viagogo.


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Largest independent Irish GI conference of the year
Keep up to date – learn about the latest cutting edge technologies available to you
Excellent peer networking...
Geography, Management
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Since 2002 Perimeter Institute has been recording seminars, conference talks, and public outreach events using video cameras installed in our lecture theatres. Perimeter now has 7 formal presentation spaces for its many scientific conferences, seminars, workshops and educational outreach activities, all with advanced audio-visual technical capabilities. Recordings of events in these areas are all available On-Demand from this Video Library and on Perimeter Institute Recorded Seminar Archive (PIRSA). PIRSA is a permanent, free, searchable, and citable archive of recorded seminars from relevant bodies in physics. This resource has been partially modelled after Cornell University's arXiv.org.
Abstract: Complex networks describe interacting systems ranging from the brain to the Internet. While so far the geometrical nature of complex networks has been mostly neglected, the novel field of network geometry is crucial for gaining a deeper theoretical understanding of the architecture of complexity. At the same time, network geometry is at the heart of quantum gravity, since many approaches to quantum gravity assume that space-time is discrete and network-like at the quantum level.
LIGO's first observing run which ended in January 2016 yielded two unambiguous gravitational wave signals (GW150914 and GW151226) from the merger of binary black holes as well as a possible third signal (LVT151012). I will review our current estimates of the parameters of the source systems as well as possible formation scenarios.
Entanglement is fundamental to quantum mechanics. It is central to the EPR paradox and Bell's inequality. Tensor network states constructed with explicit entanglement structures have provided powerful new insights into many body quantum mechanics. In contrast, the saddle points of conventional Feynman path integrals are not entangled, since they comprise a sequence of classical field configurations.
Dark energy, the driver of the accelerated expansion of the universe, remains a conundrum. New physics may well be needed to explain it; from Lorentz invariance, this new physics should contain scalar fields, which should be straightforward to detect — so where are they? Physicists have now realized that scalar fields can hide from detection by three distinct screening mechanisms, which respectively rely on nonlinear features in the scalar's kinetic energy, potential energy, or coupling to normal matter.
In the coming decade, ground based CMB telescopes could face a substantial upgrade, to so-called CMB-S4. There are two main science drivers behind this initiative: B-modes, and neutrino mass, and I will focus on the latter. Thought of more generally, constraints on neutrinos can be thought of as generic tests of dark matter. I will discuss the prospects for CMB-S4 in the dark sector, with emphasis on searches for axions and neutrinos.


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Short Presentations from the Cutting Edge
Discovery Days are short, general presentations from our new professors and our award-winning teachers & communicators.
Join us at the University of Dundee to listen to our newest professors and award-winning teachers & communicators, as they share with us the ideas that inspire them. Everyone is welcome including school pupils, members of the public and our staff & students.
Discovery Days 2017 will take place on Thursday 12th and Friday 13th January 2017 at the Main Lecture Theatre, Dalhousie Building on Old Hawkhill. Refreshments and lunch will be available. The event will close on Friday 13th January with a free wine reception.
The Discovery Days 2017 programme will be available in print and to download in October 2016.
Information on the most recent Discovery Days