text:
Comprehensive DescriptionRead full entry
"Dokonemertes magellanensis sp. nov.
Female, USNM 80910, full series of stained transverse sections; Paratypes: Male, USNM 80911, sex not determined (anterior body regions only), USNM 80912, 80913, series of transverse or longitudinal sections.
Additional material examined
Seventy-four specimens, intact or consisting only of anterior body fragments, USNM 80547; 5 complete specimens, AM W.5909; 5 complete examples, BM(NH) 1983.10.1-1983.10.5.
Type locality
Near San Juan, Peninsula de Brunswick, Chile, 53º30'48"S, 70°50'33"W (Station 69-11), collected by hand intertidally 24 April 1969.
External features
The shape of preserved individuals is variable. Smaller specimens are usually slender (Fig. 18A) and oval or rounded in cross-section, whereas larger or strongly contracted examples may appear rather bulkier and be somewhat dorsoventrally compressed in the intestinal regions (Fig. 18A, B). The length ranges from 9 to 137 mm, the maximum width from 0.5 to 7.0 mm. The head is characteristically long and thin, much narrower than the trunk, and tapers to a bluntly pointed tip (Fig. 18A, C). It bears shallow but distinct lateral horizontal cephalic slits (Fig. 18A, B, D) which do not quite reach forwards to the tip of the head. The eyes are situated laterally near the anterior regions of the cephalic slits; they are not always distinguishable in unsectioned individuals.
The mouth is large; it may be gaping (Fig. 18A, C) or appear as a
compressed longitudinal slit (Fig. 18D). Behind the mouth the body is generally of a more or less constant width for most of its length, tapering only in the posterior regions to end in a bluntly pointed tail. There is no caudal cirrus.
The colour in life is not known. Preserved individuals vary from a dark dull olive green, greyish-brown or greenish-grey to olive brown or a pale dirty cream or light tan hue. Often the dorsal surface is much darker than the ventral. The head may be lighter in colour than the remainder of the body, or the darker dorsal pigmentation may extend anteriorly to the tip of the snout, when the cephalic slits are usually evident because of their paler coloration (Fig. 18A, D). In specimens with a gaping mouth the oral borders are typically only lightly coloured (Fig. 18C) and emphasize the shape of the aperture. The extreme posterior tip of the body may also be very pale and appear almost transparent.
Body wall, musculature and parenchyma
The epidermis is generally 15-45 µm, occasionally up to 60 µm or more, thick. It contains enormous numbers of glands; rhabditous acidophils are especially abundant and are predominantly restricted to the proximal half of the epidermal layer (Fig. 19A), whereas basophilic glands are far less numerous and are mainly distributed distally. The epithelial lining of the cephalic slits entirely lacks gland cells. Internally the epidermis is bounded by a thin but distinct connective tissue basement membrane, overlying outer circular and inner longitudinal subepidermal muscle layers which are each some 15-30 µm or more thick. Both subepidermal muscle layers can be followed well into the head.
The dermis is well developed. Its glands are arranged into lobules 45-60 µm or more tall and 15-25 µm wide; the lobules are largest and most abundant in the region between the cerebral ganglia and mouth. The glands are separated from the body wall outer longitudinal muscle layer by a stratum of laminated connective tissue (Fig. 19B). This is mostly 30-40 µm thick but varies according to the degree of local body contraction. Pre-cerebrally there is a reduction in dermal development; the glandular lobules become both less numerous and less well organized, and the connective tissues lose their laminate formation and instead appear typically parenchymatous in nature (Fig. 19A). In the ventral half of the head the dermis tends to be intermingled with the peripheral portions of the main cephalic longitudinal musculature and often does not form a distinct layer at all, but dorsally a definitive dermis can be distinguished nearly up to the tip of the snout. Radial muscle, nerve and connective tissue fibrils which cross the body wall outer longitudinal muscle zone extend distally between the dermal gland lobules (Fig. 19B).
The main body wall muscle layers (Fig. 19B) possess a normal heteronemertean arrangement. The outer longitudinal layer ventrally and ventrolaterally is up to about 370-375 µm thick in the post-oral regions of the body, but only 120-150 µm deep on the dorsal margins. It is divided into more or less regularly arranged blocks of fibres by radial muscle, connective tissue and nerve strands (Fig. 19B). The circular muscle layer is well developed and generally 100-150 µm thick. Its fibre bundles are interleaved with the 'layers' of longitudinal muscle fibres (Fig. 19C) which give rise to the radial muscles; these radial strands may extend peripherally towards the body surface or inwardly towards the gut. The inner longitudinal muscle layer is also strongly formed and up to 120 µm or more thick. In the foregut regions it too is subdivided into bundles of fibres by the radial muscles which extend towards the splanchnic musculature. There is no diagonal muscle layer in the body wall.
Pre-orally the circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers are somewhat reduced in thickness (to about 45-60 µm each) and form a distinct central muscular cylinder enclosing the rhynchocoel and post-cerebral blood supply. Both layers extend into the cerebral ring, gradually becoming thinner until they are each only one to a few fibres thick. The outer region of the circular muscle layer, between the mouth and cerebral ganglia, splits up to give a complex network of radial, oblique and tangential fibres which criss-cross the outer longitudinal muscle layer (Fig. 19D). The innermost fibres of the circular musculature, after passing through the cerebral ring, contribute to the proboscis insertion and do not extend into the head, but the longitudinal muscles join with the central cephalic layer of longitudinal fibres which enclose the blood supply and rhynchodaeum (Fig. 19E). The bulk of the cephalic musculature, however, is derived from pre-cerebral extensions of the body wall outer longitudinal musculature. Throughout its length the head is criss-crossed by well developed oblique and tangential muscle fibres which centrally surround the median longitudinal muscle core (Fig. 19E).
Over the anterior parts of the mouth two bundles of radial and oblique muscle strands on each side of the body unite to form a loosely organized transverse muscle plate, up to about 150 µm in overall thickness, which passes between the oral and rhynchocoel walls. The plate extends for a short distance in front of the mouth but then disappears. Posteriorly, however, it reaches to about the mid-oral level before splitting up to form the origin of the circular splanchnic muscle layer. The splanchnic muscles surrounding the foregut are extremely well developed. The circular layer, up to about 100-110 µm thick, encircles the gut outside the subepithelial gland cell layer, between it and the foregut vascular plexus (Fig. 19F). The inner (longitudinal) splanchnic muscles, in contrast, run immediately below the foregut epithelium (Fig. 19F) and separate this from the subepithelial glands. The longitudinal splanchnic muscle layer is up to about 60-75 µm thick in the folds of the foregut; in contrast it is only 15-20 µm wide at the bases of the folds where the subepithelial gland cell zone is reduced or absent. The two splanchnic muscle layers in these regions may run adjacent to each other but their fibres do not intermingle.
In the intestinal regions the dorsoventral muscle strands passing between the lateral gut pouches are numerous but not especially strong.
Parenchymatous connective tissues are moderately well developed, particularly between the inner longitudinal muscle layer and the foregut vascular plexus, and in the intestinal regions of the body.
Proboscis apparatus
The proboscis pore opens ventrally and subterminally. It leads into a long, slender and tubular rhynchodaeum (Fig. 19E) whose epithelium, 15-20 µm thick, lacks gland cells but is ciliated throughout its length. The rhynchodaeum is enclosed by fibres of the cephalic longitudinal muscle core. Near the rear of the rhynchodaeum a few of the oblique muscle fibres of the head lead inwards towards the rhynchodaeal epithelium and form a circular muscle coat adjacent to the epithelial basement membrane. This muscle layer is at first only about 12-15 µm thick, but gradually becomes stronger more posteriorly and, just in front of the proboscis insertion, is developed into a loose sphincter-like layer 45 µm or more deep (Fig. 19G). Some of the longitudinal muscle fibres enclosing the rhynchodaeum penetrate the peripheral regions of the circular muscle layer, so that some interweaving of the two muscle zones is apparent. The proboscis insertion is situated immediately in front of the brain lobes and is formed from bundles of radially orientated muscle fibres leading inwards from the general cephalic longitudinal musculature (Fig. 19H).
The rhynchocoel reaches almost to the posterior end of the body. It is enclosed by separate circular and longitudinal muscle layers, each 15-30 µm thick. The circular fibres are not interwoven with the adjacent body wall inner longitudinal muscles.
The proboscis is extremely slender; in an individual with a body 3.5-4.0 mm wide the proboscis has a maximum diameter of 280-400 µm, i.e. approximately 8-10% of the body width. Several morphologically distinct regions can be discerned in the organ. Its most anterior part, joined to the proboscis insertion, consists of a thin epithelium 5-8 µm tall bordered by a slender but distinct connective tissue basement membrane, longitudinal muscle fibres, and a delicate lining endothelium (Fig. 20A). Two obvious nerves run amongst the muscle fibres. This portion of the proboscis is about 140-150 µm in diameter and approximately 1 mm long.
The second proboscis region is that in which the two nerves split up and the neural sheath becomes established. This encircles the epithelium but is separated from it by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres, i.e. outer and inner longitudinal muscle layers can be distinguished. At the same time the proboscis lumen becomes enlarged and the organ itself increases to an overall diameter of 200-220 µm (Fig. 20B). There is no sharp division between the two regions and for some distance back after the neural sheath is formed a bilateral thickening of the sheath is indicative of the main course of the nerves. The epithelium of these two anterior proboscis regions is ciliated but lacks gland cells. The second part is some 650-700 µm long.
Four features mark the onset of the third and major proboscis region. The epithelium begins to thicken, at the same time developing gland cells but losing its cilia. Commensurate with these epithelial changes the proboscis circular musculature becomes established between the neural sheath and the inner longitudinal muscle layer (Fig. 20C). The circular stratum is initiated by the outermost fibres of the inner longitudinal layer changing their orientation. The circular muscles are at first weakly formed and only 3-5 pm thick, but they gradually become more strongly developed as they extend posteriorly. For most of this proboscis region, which accounts for some 75-80% of the total length, the epithelium is folded, up to 60-90 µm thick and contains both baso- and acidophilic gland cells. Many of the acidophils appear to be responsible for the distal pads of barbs which are approximately 6-7 µm thick and 14-15 µm in diameter; each pad contains more than 100 individual and tightly packed barbs. The outer longitudinal muscle layer is progressively reduced in development along the length of the proboscis; in the extreme anterior parts of this major region (Fig. 20C) it is complete and up to about 15-16 µm thick, but for most of the proboscis length appears only as two thin blocks of fibres, at most 4-6 p.m deep, running on opposite sides of the organ. Often this muscle layer is only a single fibre thick and is extremely difficult to visualize even when viewed under oil. The remaining muscle layers, however, are distinct, the circular zone being generally 12-15 µm thick and the inner longitudinal muscles 20-30 µm across. Muscle crosses are present in this region of the proboscis but are so slender that they cannot always be seen. When both are discernible (Fig. 20D) one is often more strongly developed than the other.
Towards the rear of the proboscis a fourth region can be recognized (Fig. 20E) in which the epithelium is only 15-30 µm thick and lacks gland cells but is sparsely ciliated, the outer longitudinal musculature is completely missing, the neural sheath is either very much reduced or absent, the circular muscle layer is at most only 2-3 µm wide, the inner longitudinal muscle coat is 6-7 µm thick, and the endothelium, up to 6-8 µm deep, is unusually well developed and composed of small cuboidal cells. No trace of a proboscis retractor muscle could be found.
The total length of the proboscis is between one-third and one-half that of the body.
Alimentary canal
The mouth is located some distance behind the cerebral ganglia at the end of the slender snout. Typically it appears as a rather peardrop-shaped aperture (Fig. 18C), the narrower end anterior, with thick and distinct lips. Its length varies from 0.5 to 8.0 mm depending both upon the size of the individual and the degree of contraction; in most of the specimens measured it was 1-3 mm long. The mouth is capable of a very wide gape.
The foregut epithelium, 30-75 µm thick, contains large numbers of gland cells. Although many of the glands bordering the mouth exhibit slightly different staining reactions from those of the foregut itself, they do not appear to form a 'salivary gland' region. The wall of the foregut is developed into longitudinal folds and furrows; the basophilic glands tend to be concentrated at the bases of the furrows, whereas the remainder of the epithelium is primarily composed of acidophilic glands and ciliated interstitial cells. The subepithelial gland cells, which appear to be composite in form and arranged in lobules, are most numerous in the folds of the foregut (Fig. 19F) and are either sparsely arranged or totally missing below the furrows.
The foregut splanchnic musculature, which is strongly developed, has been described earlier.
The posterior quarter of the foregut is narrower and less folded than the anterior regions. Its junction with the intestine is marked by a distinct valve-like and anteriorly-directed bulge of the ventral foregut wall (Fig. 20F). The dorsal wall extends for a short distance behind the valve and forms a distinct constriction where it meets the intestinal epithelium. Both circular and longitudinal splanchnic muscle layers extend into and terminate at the valve and its dorsal counterpart, but neither contains any branches of the blood system. Such a structure is very unusual in nemerteans but has been reported for other southern hemisphere species such as Parborlasia fueguina Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968, and Parborlasia hutchingsi Gibson, 1978. The appearance of the valve in the present species suggests that it works by a combination of muscular and mechanical mechanisms; a large mass of food in the lumen of the posterior foregut would tend to push the valve backwards and close it against the dorsal constriction (Fig. 20F), but valve closure could be modified or prevented by contraction of its muscle layers. It seems most likely that the purpose of the valve is to retain food material in the foregut with a consequent prolonged exposure to the various epithelial and subepithelial secretions.
The intestine possesses a normal heteronemertean construction, with a gastrodermal lining 45-60 µm or more thick. Its walls are developed into shallow pseudometamerically arranged lateral diverticula. The anus opens terminally.
Blood system
A single thin-walled and spacious lacuna comprises the cephalic blood supply. In front of the proboscis pore it forms a large median sinus, but for most of its length is enclosed by the longitudinal muscle fibres of the central cylinder and is slung saddle-like over the rhynchodaeum (Fig. 19E). A short distance in front of the proboscis insertion connective tissues and longitudinal muscle fibres divide the lacuna dorsally, forming two lateral blood channels which flank the rhynchodaeum (Fig. 19G). These vessels become so compressed as they enter the cerebral ring that in the anterior brain regions they are difficult or impossible to distinguish. Behind the ventral cerebral commissure, however, they expand and meet ventrally to form a U-shaped duct curving around the rhynchocoel. The base of this duct is irregularly subdivided by muscle and connective tissue strands so that in some sections three separate vessels (one mid-ventral and two lateral) can be recognized. This separation is increasingly evident in the more posterior cerebral regions and three distinct vessels can be followed through several successive sections before they again temporarily join.
Behind the cerebral organs the three vessels are firmly established; the lateral channels, expanded to form post-cerebral lacunae, run on either side of the rhynchocoel and pass close to but do not directly bathe the rear of the cerebral organs, whilst the ventral vessel extends between the roots of the lateral nerve cords and is separated from the rhynchocoel floor by the transverse muscle plate. The ventral vessel is irregularly crossed by dorsoventral connective tissue and muscle strands but essentially branches to form a pair of ducts (Fig. 20G) which continue back towards the mouth. The lateral channels are also irregularly traversed by muscle and connective tissue fibres. Immediately in front of the mouth the ventral vessels unite to produce a large median lacuna (Fig. 21A) but over the anterior buccal borders this further divides to form two ventrolateral vessels; these irregularly communicate with the appropriate lateral ducts on each side of the rhynchocoel. All four vessels are then subdivided to provide the very well developed foregut vascular plexus. This comprises a series of interconnected longitudinal blood spaces running between the body wall inner longitudinal muscles and the splanchnic circular muscle layer (Fig. 21B) on all except the dorsal margins of the foregut. The plexus extends the full length of this gut region but is somewhat reduced in the posterior half.
The mid-dorsal blood vessel arises from a dorsal branch at the base of the U-shaped duct where this passes through the cerebral ring. An unusual feature of the dorsal vessel, in comparison with other heteronemertean species, is that it runs in the ventral rhynchocoel wall for a considerable distance (i.e. reaching far behind the mouth) before protruding into the rhynchocoel to form the villus. The villus (Fig. 21C) is about 1.5 mm long and projects into the rhynchocoel lumen for up to 250-300 µm.
In the intestinal regions the blood system consists of three longitudinal vessels, linked by pseudometameric transverse connectives. Both the vessels and connectives are thick walled. The vessels are enclosed by a delicate layer of circular muscle fibres and may be considerably dilated.
Nervous system
Unusually for heteronemerteans the cerebral ganglia are located far in front of the mouth, approximately two-thirds of the distance back between the tip of the slender snout and the anterior limits of the oral aperture. The ganglia are compact (Fig. 21D) and elongate, with dorsal and ventral lobes of about the same size. Both the inner and outer neurilemma are distinct. The dorsal and ventral commissures are situated at the same level, towards the front of the brain, and both contain tracts of densely staining material (Fig. 21D); the tracts do not, however, seem to constitute neurochords as they are not found elsewhere in the nervous system. The fibrous core of the dorsal ganglionic lobes is posteriorly forked into short upper and long lower branches. The ganglionic tissues are freely penetrated by fibres running inwards from the surrounding cephalic musculature; they also contain enormous numbers of large vacuolated cells, 15 µm or more in diameter, which house a distinct nucleus possessing a single acidophilic nucleolus. The abundance of these cells suggests that they are not equivalent to the neurochord cells found in some heteronemertean taxa.
The lateral nerve cords lead directly from the rear of the ventral ganglionic lobes, gradually moving further apart as they run the remaining length of the head. Radial fibres of the body wall musculature pass through the outer ganglionic layer of the nerves but do not enter their fibrous cores.
The peripheral neural system is well developed. Anteriorly the brain lobes split up into a number of thick cephalic nerve roots (Fig. 19H), each invested by an extension of the cerebral outer neurilemma. A branch from the most ventral root on each side leads to the proboscis insertion and forms the origin of the proboscis nerve supply. The remaining cephalic nerves continue forwards, branching to innervate the various structures and regions of the head.
Several other nerves emerge from the cerebral ganglia. Thick lateral branches of both dorsal and ventral lobes lead to extraganglionic nerve tissues, situated between the brain and the cephalic slits (Fig. 21E), which are enclosed by connective tissue membranes continuous with the outer neurilemma. Fibres from these ganglionic masses innervate the posterior parts of the cephalic slit epithelium.
A pair of stout nerves leading inwards from the ventral brain lobes, near the origin of the main longitudinal nerve cords, comprises the start of the foregut nerve plexus. They run posteriorly near the lateral cords and are occasionally linked to them by transverse neural strands. Just in front of the mouth the two nerves are joined by a thick transverse connective (Fig. 21A); behind this the nerves reach ventrally to the buccal borders and extend alongside the mouth, meeting behind it to complete a circum-oral nerve ring. Branches of this ring extend towards the gut borders and can be followed for much of the foregut length amongst or internal to the circular splanchnic muscle fibres (Fig. 19F).
The peripheral neural sheath and mid-dorsal nerve are well developed. Throughout the length of the body large numbers of radial nerve fibrils lead from the neural sheath towards the body surface, many of them reaching the epidermal border (Fig. 19B). All regions of the body are thus well provided with a nerve supply.
Sense organs
There are about 35-45 irregularly distributed eyes on each side of the head, situated either immediately below the epidermis or more deeply alongside the shallow anterior regions of the cephalic slits (Fig. 21F). Each eye is 45-60 µm in diameter and possesses a simple pigment cup ocellus type of construction. The eyes extend from the extreme tip of the snout back to the posterior rhynchodaeal region of the head; they do not reach the anterior brain margins.
Neither a frontal organ nor cephalic glands could be distinguished in any of the specimens examined.
The cephalic slits are anteriorly very shallow but become progressively deeper as they extend back towards the brain. In their posterior regions the slits are internally bordered by a well developed subepithelial 'neural' layer, 15-45 µm or more thick (Fig. 21F), separated from the epithelium by circular muscle fibres. This neural layer is closely linked to the extraganglionic tissues described earlier. At the brain level the deepest part of the slits bears long (30 µm) densely arranged cilia and the epithelial and subepithelial tissues are almost completely intermingled. The outer region of the slits closes, so that a deep intramuscular canal is formed. This almost immediately develops dorsal, inner lateral and ventral pouches which give a characteristic trifoliate appearance in transverse sections (Fig. 21G). The dorsal and ventral pouches continue posteriorly for a short distance alongside the brain and then end blindly; they are surrounded by a distinct zone of extraganglionic tissue 20-45 µm or more thick. The lateral pouch, meanwhile, continues inwards between the outer portions of the dorsal and ventral brain lobes to enter the cerebral organ. Here it forms the ciliated cerebral canal. This turns through 90° to run near the outer lateral margins of the cerebral organ, reaching almost to the rear before ending in a mass of glandular tissue. The large and well developed cerebral organs are located between and behind the posterior regions of the dorsal and ventral brain lobes. They are enclosed by a distinct neurilemma (Fig. 22A) and consist of a central neuroganglionic mass innervated by the ventral fibrous branch of the dorsal cerebral lobes, anteriorly and posteriorly bordered by glandular caps. Extensions of these caps meet on the ventral margins of the organs.
Excretory system
The very well developed excretory system extends for most of the foregut length. It consists of a complex series of interlinked longitudinal tubules running inside the branches of the foregut vascular plexus (Fig. 21B). The tubules are usually attached to the vessel walls, but sometimes run freely in the vessel lumen and are then completely surrounded by the blood fluid. The tubules, up to about 60-70 µm in diameter, are lined by a cuboidal epithelium 4-15 µm thick. There may be more than one tubule in a blood vessel. Tubules in adjacent vessels interconnect when the vessels themselves join and do not appear to penetrate outside the blood plexus. In the anterior foregut regions the excretory tubules are at first confined to the lateral margins, but further back they reach dorsolaterally into the vessels running adjacent to the rhynchocoel and ventrolaterally below the gut. At the rear of the excretory system the collecting tubules lead to a single thick-walled duct in one of the lateral plexus vessels. This duct emerges from the blood vessel, penetrates the body wall inner longitudinal and circular muscle layers (Fig. 22B) and leads over the lateral nerve cord to a large efferent tubule. The efferent tubule (Fig. 22C) does not immediately lead to the body surface but runs obliquely backwards between the fibres of the body wall outer longitudinal musculature for 500 µm or more before finally discharging at a small nephridiopore (Fig. 22D). There is a single nephridiopore on each side of the body.
Reproductive system
The sexes are separate. The gonads are distributed between the intestinal diverticula and possess no unusual features.
Systematic discussion
Coe (1943) and Gibson (1972) indicated that amongst the numerous anoplan nemerteans the mouth was situated immediately behind the brain in all except members of the palaeonemertean family Cephalothricidae, where it is much more posteriorly placed at the end of a long snout. The arrangement in the Magellan Straits nemerteans thus closely resembles that found in the cephalothricids, yet they are undoubtedly lineid heteronemerteans. Other heteronemerteans are known in which the head is long and acutely pointed (e.g. the valenciniids Valencinia longirostris Quatrefages, 1846, and Zygeupolia rubens (Coe, 1895)), but in these the cerebral ganglia are located at the rear end of the head with the mouth just behind them (Quatrefages, 1846; Coe, 1895; Thompson, 1901), quite a different organization from that of the present specimens. Such a feature, although significantly different from any other heteronemertean, is not by itself necessarily significant at the generic level and further anatomical characters must be considered.
Gibson (1981a) listed 35 genera of lineid heteronemerteans; three additional genera, Micrurimorpha (Korotkevich, 1980), Craticulineus (Gibson, 1984) and Cephalurichus gen. nov (present paper) bring the total to 38. A further genus, Heterolineus, mentioned by Gibson (1982a), is of dubious validity and according to Correa (1963) should be regarded as a junior synonym of Lineus. Amongst the morphological characters listed by Gibson (1981a) which can be used to differentiate between the various lineid genera are the organization of the proboscis, rhynchocoel wall circular muscles and dermis, and the presence or absence of neurochord cells and a caudal cirrus. The present nemerteans possess a simple unbranched proboscis which for most of its length contains three muscle layers and two muscle crosses, rhynchocoel wall circular muscles which are not interwoven with the adjacent body wall inner longitudinal muscles, a dermis with separate glandular and connective tissue zones, and neither neurochords nor a caudal cirrus. This combination of characters enables the worms to be excluded from all of the above genera except Lineus, Parborlasia, Pseudolineus and Wiotkenia.
The genus Lineus, although the oldest and one of the largest heteronemertean taxa, still lacks a definitive diagnosis because very few of its 90 or more species have been adequately described (Friedrich, 1960a; Cantell, 1975; Gibson, 1981a). Gibson (1981a: 206) nevertheless provided a provisional definition for the group which includes the following features, "foregut with splanchnic musculature composed either of only longitudinal fibres or mixed longitudinal and circular layers ... cephalic glands usually well developed; most species with frontal organ". The present nemerteans have neither a frontal organ nor cephalic glands and, whilst their splanchnic muscles comprise both circular and longitudinal fibres, they are arranged into two quite distinct and separate layers and are not intermixed as in Lineus species. On the basis of these differences, together with the unusual relative positions of the cerebral ganglia and mouth, it is concluded that the Magellan Straits nemerteans do not belong in the genus Lineus.
The present worms in some ways resemble species of Parborlasia, two of which are found in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. Gibson (1983) recently found that in at least one of these, Parborlasia corrugatus, as in the Magellan Straits nemerteans, the foregut possesses a subepithelial gland cell zone and both longitudinal and circular splanchnic muscle layers, and eyes are present in the head. A further similarity which can be found is the presence of a valve-like extension of the dorsal gut wall at the junction between foregut and intestine in Parborlasia fueguina and Parborlasia hutchingsi (Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968; Gibson, 1978), although in the latter species at least it is the anterior intestinal, rather than the posterior foregut, wall which forms the valve. Other features of the present nemerteans, however, are quite different from those found in Parborlasia species. These include the absence of a frontal organ and cephalic glands, the far less strongly developed dermal connective tissue layer, the degree of regional differentiation of the proboscis, the incomplete nature of the proboscis outer longitudinal muscle zone, and the mouth being located far behind the brain lobes. The combination and nature of these differences are regarded as sufficient to exclude the present nemerteans from the genus Parborlasia.
The genus Pseudolineus, established by Friedrich (1960a), is poorly described and the number of species is not known (Gibson, 1982a). Apart from noting that the genus lacks neurochords and neurochord cells, has no lateral rhynchocoelic pouches, possesses rhynchocoel wall muscles which are quite separate from the body wall musculature, and contains an unbranched proboscis, all that Friedrich (1960a: 58) indicated was that the "Faserkern der Dorsalganglien vorn and hinten gegabelt; Seitennerven biegen vor den Cerebralorganen seitwärts; Cutisdrüsen durch sehr starke Bindegewebsschicht gegen äLm abgegrenzt; unpaarer Schlundgefäβstamm ist nicht in zwei nebeneinander laufende Äste geteilt, sondern am Ende durch zwei direkt seitlich aufsteigende Äste mit den Seitengefäβen in Verbindung". An anteriorly and posteriorly forked fibre nucleus in the dorsal ganglia is an uncommon feature in heteronemerteans and this, together with the arrangement of the foregut blood vessel, differs significantly from the condition occurring in the present nemerteans, which do not thus belong in the genus Pseudolineus.
The Magellan Straits nemerteans can be excluded from the remaining genus for comparison, Wiotkenia, because of one unique feature of this taxon, namely that the proboscis insertion is not pre-cerebral but is located in the intestinal regions of the body (Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1969a).
Since the present nemerteans cannot be placed in any of the existing lineid genera, the new genus Dokonemertes is established for them.
Geographical distribution
Dokonemertes magellanensis gen. et sp. nov. is known only from the type locality (Fig. 23)."
(Gibson, 1985; 138-152)


text:
Master of Physiotherapy
Griffith University
Master Degree (By Coursework)
|Mid Year Intake?
|Study Mode
|Entry Requirements
|Gold Coast
|Full-time internal
Graduate with GPA 5.0 BExSc; or graduates who have completed one of the following may be eligible for entry. Selection will be based upon academic merit and interview: BExSc, BExSc/BBus or BExSc/BPsychSc with core courses from BExSc with GPA less than 5.0 or equivalent degree.
Course Description
This program builds on existing knowledge of exercise science, through coursework and clinical learning in the core areas of physiotherapy practice. Students will develop the advanced clinical science and physiotherapy skills and knowledge needed for entry-level clinical physiotherapy practice. They will also develop an understanding of research principles and methods applicable to professional physiotherapy practice. Students will learn how to use current research findings and clinical reasoning and decision making skills to apply creativity and initiative to new situations in professional practice.
Subjects you can Study
About Griffith UniversityGriffith University is one of Australia's most innovative universities and is focused on producing graduates ready to lead the new world of work. Its comprehensive offering of programs allows for extensive interdisciplinary teaching and learning, unleashing potential and delivering excellence.
Griffith University ranks in the top five per cent of universities worldwide. It is Australia's ninth largest higher education provider with over 50,000 students across five campuses in the Brisbane - Gold Coast region of South East Queensland. As an Official Partner and the Official University of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games, Griffith University will deliver hundreds of tailor-made internships and student opportunities along with staff secondments and placements related to the preparation and delivery of the Games.
Griffith's teaching and research address many of tomorrow's challenges and prepare graduates for the future. Griffith offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees in disciplines of humanities, social sciences and languages, health, environment, planning and architecture, music, visual and creative arts, education, science and aviation, business and government, engineering and information technology, criminology and law.
Its teachers are consistently awarded among the best in Australia and the work-integrated learning available to Griffith students empowers them with professional connections and understanding from the start of their careers.
Griffith is one of Australia's leading research universities exhibiting national and world standard excellence in areas of strategic focus that include water science, criminology, health and chronic diseases, drug discovery, quantum physics, climate change adaptation, music, sustainable tourism and political science.
Griffith has a comprehensive research portfolio with many world leading research areas and the University has set a strong foundation to grow its research strengths.
Provider CRICOS: 00233E
Master Degree (By Coursework)
Gold Coast
- Full-time internal = 2 years
170 credit points
Entry Requirements
Graduate with GPA 5.0 BExSc; or graduates who have completed one of the following may be eligible for entry. Selection will be based upon academic merit and interview: BExSc, BExSc/BBus or BExSc/BPsychSc with core courses from BExSc with GPA less than 5.0 or equivalent degree.
Program commences in summer semester (January/February).
How does this course perform?
How do study fields for Master of Physiotherapy at Griffith University perform?
Life after Study
Related Careers
Physiotherapists assess, treat and prevent disorders in human movement caused by injury and disease.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rental Quick Search
Long Term Rentals
Orlando Events
Mickey's Not So Scary Halloween Party
|Walt Disney World's annual Halloween party is appropriate for all ages. Events include a "Boo-to-You Halloween Parade" featuring Disney characters, a fireworks show and more. Trick-or-treat around the park as special lighting, music and themed effects transform the Magic Kingdom into happy haunted hollows.


text:
yes, I saw the images too….and it was mix of feelings…dont feel bad it has happened in a way..only that i just hope the young people who got hurt get well fast…
yes, we are but drops in the ocean ..but we make up the ocean!!!!
After I saw the lathi charge on the protesters near Raisana Hill I decided I would go. But it was evening before I could actually get out of the house. At the time I went the protests were peaceful and the police just standing guard. But I have never seen so many policemen and women at one place in my life before. Not even at the Janlokpal protests too.
There were some incidents which I never thought would happen in Delhi. I took an auto from Patel Chowk to India Gate. The auto guy asked for 30 rupees which I readily agreed to. He told he was suffering badly due to the closed roads. When it came to giving me back the change for the 100 rupees he willingly gave me back 75. A Delhi auto guy charging less than what he quoted me initially? I never thought I would see that day.
In the evening the protests were peaceful. I could easily walk from India Gate to Raisana Hill right up to the barrier and put my camera right up to the nose of the policemen.
However the broken pieces of glass show that the day had been tense. While I was walking around I saw a policeman say to a tea seller, 'Ae chai pila' I just stood there using my mobile phone and the policeman offered money to the tea seller. I was distracted by other people moving closer and I do not know if the tea seller accepted the money or not.
I talked to a few policemen and I asked them why was there a lathi charge during the day? He said, "The numbers were really huge during the day. We expect the same thing tomorrow." Clearly I was there at a more peaceful time.
This lady in the picture above asked me if the girl was dead. I told her the rumors keep flying but I have not heard anything officially yet.
The policemen and the TV crew had the most resigned look as they knew they were in for a long night. Apart from a few student groups people largely walked in small groups of friends, couples, neighbors etc. When a large group would walk in the police would start moving forward. I saw one group making a human chain keeping them in between the police and their friends. The police stood back.
I will repeat that I went out in the evening when things were more peaceful. I am sure during the day when the lathi charge and everything else happened it would have been a different place.
When I came back to the nearest metro station, Central Secretariat, I stood at the card counter and two guys moved away saying please use the counter we were standing just like that.
If only we could continue on this path!
yes, I saw the images too….and it was mix of feelings…dont feel bad it has happened in a way..only that i just hope the young people who got hurt get well fast…
yes, we are but drops in the ocean ..but we make up the ocean!!!!
That's because you guys were so violent :P.
Look at Azad Maidan Protests, Mumbai-they only snatched firearms, molested policewomen, burnt vehicles & insulted national monuments.
Did you see any police lathi charge at Azad maidan? So, please be peaceful.
powerful images….thanks…
Wonderful reportage!
Lathi charge, water cannon and tear gas all are unwanted. Nice coverage. Kudos!
Such a terrible, horrible tragedy.
Nice captures . Praying for the ' pride of India' to get well soon .
Hi Mridula… Been following your tweets and posts on the same and would like to thank you for keep us in other parts of country posted. I have subscribed to your blog twice in last 2 months and only a few posts come and then they stop coming. They are not in the spam folder also. Not sure why they don't come through the email. Can you please check at your end if others are also missing the same.
Hi Mridula,
Thanks for bringing the story of the protest to us live and from close quarters.
My Blog | My FB Page
I am Mridula Dwivedi and I started blogging on 'Travel Tales from India' in June 2005. I renamed it Travel Tales from India & Abroad in 2016. Within a few months of the launch my travel blog found a mention on both the BBC and The Guardian. I also featured in a National Geographic Skoda Yeti Video. I was recently featured on Via.com
I quit my job as a professor in May 2015. I am having a blast ever since. I do not miss my work but sometime I do miss my salary! Somewhere along the journey I ended up acquiring a Ph.D. from IIT Kanpur! I now wonder why?
You can write to me at mridulablog at gmail dot com For advertising queries please check out my advertising page.
Logo image credit Shutterstock.
As I walked the narrow platform over the cliff, it looked...October 22, 2016
Photo Credit: CRSHELARE/Shutterstock.com Having worke...October 19, 2016
I started travel blogging a long time ago, 2005. All the ...October 15, 2016
This year, 2016, has brought in a lot of new things for m...October 14, 2016


text:
Find Cheap Isoniazid Online
Anacin online review, anacin online review, buy cheap female passion strips online buy soma.
Free metabo ultramax find cheap premarin online find cardura no rx required order bactroban online order requip cod becadexamin buy cheap betnovate.
Find cheap isoniazid online discount celebrex online buy discount l-arginine patch online sleep.
Find discount pletal find discount msm find cheap cialis soft tabs duodenal ulcers alfusin d selenium sulfide buy cheap male sexual tonic, find coumadin, find no rx microlean find speman cod.
Order artane online find viagra + cialis + levitra no rx required.
Buy copegus no rx required, free arava.
Buy prandin cod, cheap vein support online ldl, buy discount torsemide find discount tofranil, buy discount saw palmetto buy metformin online.
Order cheap digestive support dogs, smoking.
Buy 5-htp online cheap ginseng online.
Order zovirax buy discount chloroquine buy cheap nexium online touch-up kit overnight delivery find deluxe handheld plasma whitening tool, buy oral health dogs cod buy cheap advantage carb blocker online, order mevacor cod.
Foradil free sample, claritin in us.
Buy cheap depakote find cheap isoniazid online order no rx male sexual tonic, no rx nutridrine.
Buy lisinopril in canada buy lopid in us citalopram free delivery buy ortho tri-cyclen online.
Order clomid cod buy cheap cefadroxil euglucan, pletal in canada, buy discount femara online.
Find cheap precose find deluxe handheld plasma whitening tool online order discount tribulus online find penis extender deluxe gold cod buy indocin online cheap alco screen alcohol test online no rx actonel rimactan.
Xenobid desloratadine, order discount avalide femcare overnight delivery.
Ritomune (ritonavir) under eye cream find cheap chloroquine, find clomid no rx required find cheap avandamet.
Metforrnin find cheap nicocease buy cheap lipitor online.
Urinary tract support cats overnight delivery find cheap cialis super active online buy alco screen alcohol test no rx required buy cocaine (crack) strip test in us.
Discount prednisone order no rx ashwagandha lmx 4.
Order cheap lukol, find cheap isoniazid online, order cheap breast enlargement patch buy cheap isoniazid dilantin.
Find nolvadex online.
Buy foradil.
Hepatitis c order acyclovir cod buy cheap lasix.
Xusal atopic dermatitis in dogs garamycin order discount l-carnitine find cheap triphala, buy cheap xenical order no rx chloroquine.
Buy motrin online buy discount accupril online actonel in canada anexil, acyclovir in us buy no rx danazol, order discount claritin order 3 panel drug test (thc/coc/opi) cod clavamox no rx vytorin, buy cheap zyvox order discount zyloprim find cheap 5 panel drug test (thc/coc/amp/opi/pcp) online atarax in us free herbal phentermine teril, buy avodart in us find cheap yerba diet online find no rx avodart, order cheap tofranil online.
Order ceftin cod buy hip & joint support dogs.
Order discount orlistat buy avapro cod.
Find amoxi-tabs online find tegretol no rx required, genin inegy, order no rx cialis super active finasterid ivax buy discount male sexual tonic, sideril, buy male enhancement pills online.
Buy cheap high absorption magnesium buy hoodia gordonii hg p57 cod pantoprazole buy cheap propecia.
Buy discount innopran xl online order cheap flagyl er online.
Find discount digestive support dogs buy cheap cephalexin order cheap pro-erex online cefachlor sinemet overnight delivery norvasc online review lumirelax hookworms.
Find purinethol no rx required salbutamol buy hmb mass in canada, vantin free sample lofibra discount male enhancement pills online cynomycin.
Vasotec in canada buy discount lopressor, nicorette gum buy hydrea adapalene fluvoxamine.
No rx vantin.
Cefixime overnight delivery.
Order cheap penisole, order ultracet online.
Speman in us find discount septilin online.
Find cefixime no rx required male potency patch free delivery.
Effexor find hip & joint chews large dogs no rx required find cheap remeron online order cheap nymphomax 2 complete professional whitening kits in us fairness cream find flexisyn no rx required, strong pack (viagra+cialis+levitra).
Laroxyl, order toradol, buy discount advantage carb blocker online buy acticin in canada.
Piribedil discount cialis jelly online hyzaar free delivery order discount sleepwell (herbal xanax), order discount atrovent online.
Find bzd (valium) cassette test no rx required find confido online buy no rx 2 complete professional whitening kits find awake patch cod no rx prinivil.
Order discount oral health dogs online buy colace in canada buy no rx tribulus.
Order evista buy melatonix sleep aid in us order tofranil online.
Buy kick smoking patch find glucophage no rx required order cheap kick smoking patch.
Buy geriforte no rx required buy zocor online buy aleve in us alben buy tagamet online ranitidine in canada.
Find no rx cholestoplex, buy cheap hydrochlorothiazide.
Discount quick relief dogs, buy virility gum in us order discount metabo safe thyrox shoot free delivery.
Buy discount cefadroxil find trandate cod, discount mevacor online, buy clavamox no rx required order discount nimotop online.
Dapoxetine discount hytrin online order atacand online buy discount parlodel online curam uropyrine.
Order no rx tramaden


text:
Switzerland Haus Bed & Breakfast Inn
A Bavarian-style bed-and-breakfast with Snow Summit Mountain Resort in its back yard.
Boasting an elevation of 6,478 feet, this bed-and-breakfast inn provides a serene alpine escape, adjacent to Snow Summit Ski Resort. It offers free parking, discounted lift tickets and ski and snowboard rentals, which allow guests to simply walk out the back door and immediately hit the slopes. Guests who stay here during warmer months can enjoy a variety of activities, as well: namely, hiking the San Bernardino Mountains and fishing in Big Bear Lake. Switzerland Haus has five guest rooms, all of which come with TVs with VCRs and beautiful garden, ski resort or mountain views. Some also include refrigerators, microwaves and two-person tubs, and most have a king- or queen-size bed (one room has a double). On the second floor deck, there's a Nordic Sauna and a view of the property's springtime Flower Garden. Each morning the innkeepers serve a deluxe gourmet breakfast that includes tasty items such as Apple Puff Pancakes and Mexican Brunch Pie.


text:
Barbas, H viagra kidney gold. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 19, 549–610. Organization of cortical afferent input to orbitofrontal areas in the rhesus monkey viagra kidney gold.
Anatomic basis of cognitiveemotional interactions in the primate prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience, 26(6), 861–934.
Rarer disorders receive less viagra kidney gold attention, therefore. As with many other neurodegenerative diseases, the vast majority of late-onset AD (LOAD) is sporadic. This chapter is meant as a guide to the recognition of common disorders of the frontal lobes, rather. Table 34.1 summarizes the conditions discussed in this chapter and their division by MRI findings.
The etiology and risk of AD viagra kidney gold is multifactorial. Also, some conditions here are also discussed by Scharre (Chap622 ter 32, this volume) and may only be briefly mentioned here for consideration in the differential. GRAY MATTER DISEASES Neurodegenerative Conditions Alzheimer's Disease Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classically a condition that affects the hippocampus and parietal lobes, frontal lobes can also be involved, and frontal variants or presentations of AD occur and are sometimes mistaken clinically for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Importantly, it is not possible in this chapter to cover in a comprehensive manner every genetic condition that involves the frontal lobe in adulthood.
The anterior frontomedian cortex and evaluative judgment viagra kidney gold. (2004). (1999). Psychological structure and neural correlates of event knowledge.
Zysset, S., Huber, O., Ferstl, E., & von Cramon, D. Y. M., & Grafman J. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 1165–1231.
Brodmann's areas viagra kidney gold. Three-dimensional schematic of a portion of the cerebral cortex. The piece is from the postcentral gyrus (see inset). Lateral premotor cortex Inferior frontal gyrus (frontal operculum) Speech, movement planning 35 Prefrontal association cortex Inferior frontal gyrus (frontal operculum) Thought, cognition, planning behavior 46 Prefrontal association cortex (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) Middle frontal gyrus Thought, cognition, planning behavior, aspects of eye movement control 47 Prefrontal association cortex Inferior frontal gyrus (frontal operculum) Thought, cognition, planning behavior 1 Areas 9, 11, 14, and 13 are part of the insular cortex. Brodmann area Functional area Location Function Table 1-2.
The relationship between cytoarchitecture and function is not established for the insular cortex. Within the cortex are six layers in which cells and their processes are located.
Contains glycyrrhetinic acid viagra kidney gold which could possibly cause a reduction in thyroid activity and basal metabolic rate. According to some traditional sources, incompatible with Gan Sui , Yuan Hua , and Yuan Zhi. May be synergistic with insulin in causing hypokalemia and sodium retention.
If taken long-term, it may cause hypertension and/or edema. B&G. The research on Gan Cao concurs that this medicinal is generally safe when used in small amounts as an envoy.
Either the ascending dentatorubrothalamocortical or the descending viagra kidney gold corticopontocerebellar fibers, such lesions are purported to interrupt corticocerebellar pathways. And most often were located in the posteromedial superior territory of the anterior choroidal artery , hypesthetic ataxic hemiparesis correlated with larger infarcts than those of pure motor and sensory lacunar stroke. Luijckx, Boiten, Lodder, Heuts-van Raak, & Wilmink, 1993). Mild ataxia, with and without hemiparesis or hemisensory loss, has been infrequently reported following small ischemic lesions in the posterior limb of the internal capsule that may extend into the neighboring thalamus (Helgason & Wilbur, 1988. 1983, iragui & McCutchen.


text: I have brought my dogs here for 24 years for everything from routine exams and shots to cancer care, and I would go to no other general care clinic. The staff is very knowledgeable and friendly and obviously like the animals under their care. The vets are willing to have intelligent conversations with us and have never talked down to us or brushed us off when we've had questions. Our dogs love everyone here.


text:
WATCH: The Making Of Mugaritz's Pancake Flavor Spray Cans
by Tina Nguyen | 4:39 pm, January 25th, 2013
What if everything you ever wanted came in an aerosol can? Thanks to Andoni Luis Aduriz, the chef at the Michelin-starred Mugaritz, you can achieve your dreams, provided that you replace the word "everything" with "flour-based batters." Announced at last week's Madrid Fusión conference, the New Food Sprays, which come in flavors like churro, pancake, and tempura, are already available in 100 stores throughout Spain.
[h/t Eater]
NewFoodSpray FILM from Mugaritz on Vimeo.


text:
AOL - America Online
America Online is the name of a popular online service. It is often abbreviated as AOL. The company was founded in 1985 and is considered an early Internet pioneer, providing many Internet services in the 1990's including dial-up Internet access, email and instant messaging. AOL was purchased in 2015 by Verizon. It is now a mass media corporation.
Stay up to date on the latest developments in Internet terminology with a free weekly newsletter from Webopedia. Join to subscribe now.
Webopedia's student apps roundup will help you to better organize your class schedule and stay on top of assignments and homework. Read More »List of Free Shorten URL Services
A URL shortener is a way to make a long Web address shorter. Try this list of free services. Read More »Top 10 Tech Terms of 2015
The most popular Webopedia definitions of 2015. Read More »
Java is a high-level programming language. This guide describes the basics of Java, providing an overview of syntax, variables, data types and... Read More »Java Basics, Part 2
This second Study Guide describes the basics of Java, providing an overview of operators, modifiers and control Structures. Read More »The 7 Layers of the OSI Model
The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven layers. Use this handy guide to compare... Read More »


text:
Neuroimage, 6, forum viagra et hypertension S74–S84. Woods, R. P. Modeling for intergroup comparisons of imaging data.
Neuroreport, 8, 1753–1807.
Erhardt, S., Schwieler, L., forum viagra et hypertension and Engberg, G. (1999). (1997). Nature 383, 76–59 forum viagra et hypertension.
F., and Markou, A. Dramatic decreases in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal.
The syndrome is associated with a 25% incidence of SCC of the forum viagra et hypertension esophagus. Any reported swallowing problems should be investigated immediately with endoscopy in this patient population. Patients with tylosis should begin endoscopic surveillance at the age of 29.
The average age at onset of esophageal cancer is 35 years and death from esophageal cancer can occur in patients as young as 29 years. Most cases of esophageal cancer in these patients have been noted in the distal esophagus so attention should be focused in this area during the exam. 22. What type of endoscopic surveillance is recommended in patients with tylosis?.
Tylosis is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder that is distinguished by thickening of the skin (hyperkeratosis) on the palms and soles. 21. What rare genetic disorder is associated with a high incidence of SCC of the esophagus?.
A major driving force for bile-salt-independent bile flow (Fig, regulation of the MRPs The anionic conjugate forum viagra et hypertension transporter MRP3 contributes to bile formation by transporting GSH. A dose- and time-dependent induction of Mrp5 expression was observed in isolated rat hepatocytes, cultured in the presence of vincristine, tamoxifen, or the PXR ligand rifampicin (89). The presence and functionality of these REs may explain the liver-specific expression of BSEP and the response of BSEP gene expression to variations in intracellular bile salt concentrations. We have cloned forum viagra et hypertension the promoter sequence of the human BSEP gene, recently.
D. MRP4 has also a major role in anionic phase II–conjugate transport across the canalicular membrane, in addition. It contains several potential REs for CCAAT enhancer binding protein β and hepatocyte nuclear factor 6β as well as a RE for FXR/RXR.
No health hazards forum viagra et hypertension are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. PDR. 3-9g C&C. Vitamin C, nicotinic acid, glutamic acid, hydrochloric acid, and other highly acidic substances could possibly reduce the therapeutic forum viagra et hypertension effect of this medicinal.
Niu Bang Zi, Niu Bang, Niu Zi (Fructus Arctii Lappae, burdock seeds) Standard daily dosage. Vitamin C, nicotinic acid, glutamic acid, hydrochloric acid, and other highly acidic substances could possibly reduce the therapeutic effect of this medicinal.


text:
Fixed PriceBudget: $50
Start DateApril 27, 2012
we have a product which falls in the chutney/sauces categories. the following ate the variants
• CHATKHAAR Plum Chutney
• CHATKHAAR Mango Chutney
• CHATKHAAR Mint Chutney
• CHATKHAAR Imli Sauce
• CHATKHAAR Shahi Chutney
• CHATKHAAR Thai Chilli Sauce
• CHATKHAAR Sweet Chilli Sauce
• CHATKHAAR Honey Mustard
• CHATKHAAR Arabian Garlic Sauce
• CHATKHAAR BBQ Sauce
• CHATKHAAR Green Chilli Chutney
• CHATKHAAR Premium Boneless Mixed Pickle
Our brand name is CHATKHAAR.
we want 50 recipes/ flavour of different cuisines that can go with each flavour above. the recipe could use the product as an ingredient, or it could be served as a dip/condiment with the dish.
we want the recipes in MS word format. INDIAN/ PAKISTANI / ARABIC food is preferred.
About the Client
Karachi 12:55 PM
Jobs Posted
75% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
72 Hires, 2 Active


text:
Asked afterwards for more information by reporters, Templeton declined to say who the prospective opponent or opponents in those games would be. "There are a lot of details, we don't know if it will all work out," he cautioned. But Templeton did indicate that Mississippi State is very interested in what the cable sports network is proposing and that discussions will continue.
If a deal is worked out for 2006 it would certainly change the tentative schedule, which has Mississippi State opening at Alabama-Birmingham in the third game of the inter-conference contract. Asked if ESPN's arranging another opener against another non-conference opponent would solve the problem of securing a 12th game in 2006, Templeton grinned. "What makes you think there's a problem with getting a 12th game?!" Starting next fall all Division I-A programs can schedule a dozen regular-season games.
The tentative 2006 slate lists just 11 opponents for now, with UAB, Tulane, and Memphis as the three non-SEC games. But Mississippi State and West Virginia have also agreed to a two-year series that was originally supposed to start next fall. This may be delayed to 2007, unless it is the game ESPN is working on scheduling for the two schools.
The Mississippi State-Memphis rivalry paused in 2004, the first break in the series in three decades.
Templeton also told the audience that ESPN wants to come to the MSU campus even before the season, to show a Bulldog practice sometime in August.


text:
I recently recovered from my first ever ski holiday with the Iglu Ski team in Tignes, France. I had such a great time that I am definitely hooked and can't wait to go again next year.
I learnt so much along the way, I thought I would share my new-found knowledge, from one non-skier to the next.
When you're up in the mountains, you're at a very high altitude and much closer to the sun. This means whether the sky is blue or grey, you are still being exposed to high intensity UV rays; so whilst you think you may not be affected, there might just be an unsuspected goggle tan creeping up on you.
Try to wear Factor 50+ on whatever skin is exposed. It might also be a good idea to get a lip balm with an SPF. Bring moisturiser and after sun too – just in case you only realise before it's too late!
When you face such weather and temperature extremes, it's difficult to know what to pack. I would recommend anything and everything, here, we have a breakdown of essentials; but what people don't tell you is – the wackier the better.
To those that plan to snowboard – this is irrelevant, but to the skiers amongst you – snow ploughing will become a way of life. For some, parallel skiing may come naturally, but once you've got this move down, the rest of your week is set.
Ski boots are not the most comfortable footwear. Non-skiers might be familiar with the cramp feeling you get from ice-skating boots – imagine this, and then imagine wearing and dancing it out in these all day. Take plenty of comfortable ski-socks with you – they're worth the investment!
Allow yourself at least 3 half days for ski lessons. This is enough time to learn the basics and build your confidence; private lessons and group lessons both have their benefits – it depends what sort of holiday you are looking for.
This means you have been working hard, plus, an element of fearlessness goes a long way. Falling over is all part of a beginner skier's day's fun so don't let it knock your confidence.
Helmets, goggles, sunglasses, heavy jacket, light jacket, ski socks, sun-cream, gloves, salopettes (not trousers) – they all offer protection. Stay safe. Do as Jonah says.
When considering your holiday costs, don't forget to account for your lift pass hire. Once you arrive in resort you still need to get up the mountain to learn how to ski down. For beginners, you may not need a full 6 day hire; 3-5 may suffice.
Beginners lifts are available in most resorts and these are often free – reference your local piste map or resort representative. If you are taking lessons, your instructor will take you through the basics.
If not included in your holiday package, you can often buy a pass by day or half day – depending on your mood. Pre-holiday, your travel agent can help you arrange this. You can also purchase this anywhere in resort or from your chalet representative. Recommended ski resorts for beginners.
Gently rest your bottom on the button lift as it gently pulls you along; sit down too comfortably and it might take you back into the air!
In your first few days, you might not want to go for a full day's skiing. Why not take a pedestrian pass and enjoy the piste on foot?
Once lessons are over, it's down to you to navigate your way around the slopes. I spent the first half of my week thinking everywhere looked the same, a piste map will help keep you on the right track. Normally, the difficulty of the slopes is signposted very clearly.
Remember: Green, Blue, Red, Black
It's not all about skiing or boarding, it's about creating memories with your friends and family…or potentially losing them due to excess apres. There are hundreds of bars on the slopes and in resort for you to enjoy. With DJs, live music, dancing and great food to suit all tastes. Best ski resorts for apres ski.
More often than not and depending on which chalet or hotel you are staying in, you will be spending a lot of time with the same chalet staff throughout your stay. They will be with you at breakfast, dinner and afternoon tea. Look after them and they'll look after you – a sure guarantee that there won't be an empty wine glass in sight at dinner.
During a week's stay in the average chalet, there will be one day of rest for the kitchen and chalet staff. You will still get your usual continental breakfast but this means no cooked meals. Take advantage of this day to go out and experience some traditional local food – think fondue, tartiflette, steak amongst anything else you might not expect to see on the menu.
By Chloe
Snowboxx took over Alpe d'Huez for a week of vibrant festivities. When I mean takeover, you couldn't look anywhere without being reminded that Snowboxx was in town. From colourful onsies on the slopes, to gondola cabins kitted out with karaoke systems, to parties spread between nearly 10 venues every day throughout the week. After 2 years of successful festivals in Vallnord, Andorra, Snowboxx moved on to larger pastures to Alpe d'Huez in France. This fine resort hosts 250 km of pistes and is already renowned for its lively nightlife, making this resort the perfect place to ski hard all day and party even harder by night. Read more about Alpe d'Huez here: 10 reasons Alpe d'Huez is a must-ski destination
Horse Meat Disco at Folie Douce. Photo: Gregory Ke
The Ibiza style, grand terrace après parties at the Folie Douce was definitely one of the highlights of the week for me. Even after 4 ski seasons and countless après shindigs, I've never seen anything quite like this. As 3 pm strikes, skiers and snowboarders flock to the 2500m high mountainside venue for a 2 hour session of dancing in your ski boots. Eton Messy and Horse Meat Disco headlined the 2 Snowboxx après sessions at the Folie Douce, with these huge DJ acts, the theatrical fun and stunning panoramic views blazed in sunshine, nothing else quite compares to this extraordinary party atmosphere. As it hits 5pm the mountain is evacuated as everyone takes the last run home to carry on the party in town.
Jungle headlining the main stage Other parties included a tropical tea party at L'Etalon Rum Bar, Sticky Banit at Zoo bar, Tom Misch at Smithys, pool party, Retro Rentals Disco at Taburle, plus so much more. With packages starting from just £229 pp it is a great budget choice for a week in the mountains, as well as the access to an outstanding week of partying and experiencing top music acts in the snow. This was such an epic week, the music was amazing, the town was buzzing and the crowds were smiling all week as everyone was having such a fantastic time. The festival sold out again in 2015, and I'm very excited to see what they have in store for 2016. The Snowboxx line up included Jungle, 2manydjs, Blonde, TCTS, Eton Messy, Horse Meat Disco, Tieks, Anushka and more.
Photo: Sam Neil
View more information on snow festivals
By Krystelle
The Royal family are famous for heading to the slopes each winter and their holidays are often heavily publicised in the press. From the upmarket playground of the 3 Valleys to the swanky Swiss ski resorts, the Royals have holidayed in resorts across the Alps. A ski holiday is the perfect time to feel like royalty. Here are our top 5 resorts that are fit for a queen:
Klosters has acquired international status from the presence of Royals. This picturesque luxury Swiss resort is said to be Prince Charles' resort of choice and Kate's relationship with William was first publicised when she was invited to Klosters with the royals in 2005. The Royal Family have a long history at Klosters and would be the most likely destination to bump into them on a chairlift. If you want to stay where the Royal Family have stayed, Charles favours the 5* Walserhof hotel.
View more about Klosters
Situated at the heart of one of the world's premier ski areas it is no surprise that the Royal Family love it in the Three Valleys. With the fantastic ski schools in resort, will this be where Kate and Will will bring George on his first ski holiday!
View more about Meribel
This year Verbier was the chosen resort for Prince Harry and Prince Andrew's ski trip where they stayed in a luxurious chalet. The resort isn't as romantic as Klosters but has world class skiing and world class private chalets to match that cater for the super-rich.
View more about Verbier
Lech is a popular holiday destination for both Royals and celebrities. The resort is renowned for its 5* hotels, exclusive bars and fancy restaurants and is often seen as the Courchevel of Austria. Being linked to neighbouring resorts Zürs , St Chrisoph, St Anton and Stuben it is becoming one of the world's greatest ski destinations.
View more about Lech
Zermatt is one of Switzerland's top ski areas and is often counted in the world's top 5. WWith guaranteed snow, sun drenched slopes, skiing up to 3500m and beautiful views of the Matterhorn, it is no wonder that this resort in a firm favourite with the Royals. The wintery fairy tale wonderland offers so much more than just a prime ski location. How about visiting the Igloo village, relax on a sunny terrace of a gourmet mountain restaurant or après in a boutique lounge or champagne bar? This traditional resort is one of the most stunning resorts you will ever visit and is definitely a resort fit for Royalty.
View more about Zermatt
View the Ten Most Exclusive Ski Resorts in the World
By Krystelle
Where did you manage to ski or snowboard this year? Did you go to a French favourite, maybe Tignes, Les Arcs or 3 Valleys? Or did you venture to Austria in search of the best après? Or do you crave powder and ventured off to Canada, Japan or a secret gem? Hundreds of thousands of UK holiday makers head to the slopes each winter, but what resorts are the most popular? We have looked at our customers this season to find out. Did you know we work with over 50 ski tour operators so we can offer ski deals in over 200 ski resorts in 16 different countries? This huge selection of holidays gives us the top variety of ski deals anywhere so we can find our customers the perfect getaway. With so many ski holidays to offer we send customers to a tremendous range of ski properties and resorts all over the world. Being able to do this gives us a brilliant insight to the UK market's favourite ski destinations. We have looked at where you have chosen to ski and snowboard this winter and put together the top 10 ski resorts of this ski season.
Val Thorens, France 10. Courchevel This exclusive resort in the 3 Valleys is a firm favourite with customers with the 600km of pistes on its doorstep, the beautiful alpine village and the stunning mountain restaurants. There may be seven Michelin-starred restaurants and two 6-star hotels in resort, but there is still accommodation for all budgets, including apartments and chalet hotels. View ski holidays in Courchevel 9. Alpe d'Huez Alpe d'Huez has so much to offer; 250 km of varied pistes, from the green areas surrounding the resort to the longest black run in Europe; incredible bars to keep you partying from après through to dawn; so many non-ski activities to do, you don't even have to think about skiing (ermmm...) and super high peaks to give you access to great snow throughout the season. I visited this brilliant ski resort in March 2015, read my 10 reasons why I love Alpe d'Huez.
View ski holidays in Alpe d'Huez
The Peak of the longest black run in Europe (La Sarenne) 8. La Plagne This massive resort is made up of 10 ski villages, all offering a colossal range of accommodations and amenities. From the abundance of apartments in Belle Plagne, to the ski in-ski out hotels across the resort to family ski chalets with onsite crèche facilities, La Plagne has something for everyone. View ski holidays in La Plagne 7. Les Deux Alpes A popular option if you are looking to go on a ski holiday at the start or end of the season. With skiing up to 3600km it is a snow sure resort that is even open to skiers and snowboarders in the summer months. Les Deux Alpes has an extensive ski area, vibrant après scene and a range of budget priced properties making it a top option for groups. View ski holidays in Les Deux Alpes
6. Val Thorens
The village of Val Thorens was purposely built to give guests the best access to the slopes making this an ideal location if you love hitting mountain first thing in the morning. Val Thorens is the highest ski resort in Europe, with the village sitting at 2300m and the pistes peaking at 3200m and is illustrious for its excellent snow conditions.
View ski holidays in Val Thorens
5. Les Arcs
The only 'non-mover' in the top 10. Les Arcs is an all-round resort which is popular year after year with families, groups and couples alike. The variety of the ski areas and the villages appeals to beginners on their first ski holiday, and even offers enough to keep a seasoned skier or snowboarder entertained all week.
View ski holidays in Les Arcs
4. Meribel
Positioned perfectly in the heart of the largest ski area in the world, Meribel is in an ideal location to make the most of this renowned region in France. The tree lined runs and chocolate box style village charm make it one of the prettiest ski resorts in France.
View ski holidays in Meribel
3. St Anton
The legendary après of St Anton draws in the crowds year after year and is consistently our top selling Austrian ski destination. Ski holidays in Austria have been dramatically popular this season; we have seen huge jumps in numbers year on year to some of the popular Austrian resorts, including Mayrhofen, Lech and Ischgl.
View ski holidays in St Anton
2. Val d'Isere
Last year's champion has been knocked off the high spot by its ski neighbour. The Espace Killy ski area is a favourite with our customers and ski team every season. The first rate ski area provides a large variety of terrain for all abilities and a snow-sure glacier making it one of the most attractive destinations for a ski holiday.
View ski holidays in Val d'Isere
1. Tignes
With the largest share of customers choosing Tignes as their ski holiday destination this year, you have made this outstanding resort the top ski resort in winter 2014/15. With the poor start to the ski season, Tignes would have been a safe option because of the high altitude skiing with pistes up to 3400m on the Grande Motte glacier. With its fantastic snow record it is no wonder why thousands flock to Tignes year after year.
View ski holidays in Tignes
Grande Motte, Tignes
Top 3 France
1. Tignes 2. Val d'Isere 3. Meribel
Top 3 Austria
1. St Anton 2. Mayrhofen 3. Lech
Top 3 Italy
1. Sauze d'Oulx 2. Cervinia3. Selva
Top 3 Canada
1. Whistler 2. Tremblant 3. Banff
Top 3 USA
1. Breckenridge 2. Jackson Hole 3. Killington
Top 3 Andorra
1. Soldeu 2. Arinsal 3. Pas de la Casa
Top 3 Switzerland
1. Zermatt 2. Verbier3. Wengen
Want to see who came out on top last season? Take a look at the top resorts from winter 2013/2014
View 2015/16 ski holidays
You do not currently have any holidays in your shortlist.
You currently have in your shortlist.


text:
Idaho National Guard spokesman Col. Tim Marsano says the 190th Fighter Squadron will be training through July 25 at altitudes between 10,000 and 15,000 feet.
He says the aircraft don't have high-performance, afterburning engines and produce about as much noise as a small commercial jetliner. Marsano says there will be no live ammunition aboard the Thunderbolts.
Residents might see "Tactical Air Command and Control Specialists" and their equipment on Boise streets as part of the "Urban Close Air Support" training.
Marsano says the training is important for pilots flying the specialized combat aircraft.


text:
Email a Friend
Gordhan: Attracting investors is a big task
The finance minister says investors want to see evidence of action taken to grow the economy.
JOHANNESBURG – Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan has told delegates at the Socio-Economic Future of South Africa (Sefsa) summit that drawing the attention of investors to South Africa will take more than the presentation of plans. 'ELIMINATE THE CORRUPT FEW'
Gordhan attended the two-day summit as a guest, where he shared some of the lessons he's learned from his recent investment roadshow abroad.
He told civil society leaders gathered in Johannesburg that investors want to see evidence of action taken to grow the economy.
Gordhan says emerging economies likes South Africa need to have plans accompanied by proactive undertakings, to draw investors.
While the minister didn't make a formal address, Nick Binedell of the Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) spoke on some of the lessons the finance minister shared.
"We are blessed with a Constitutional democracy and a legal system, and a media. I think part of his message was that those institutions are vital."
Sefsa leaders agree that South Africa's economy needs to become more inclusive to undo a constant cycle of inequality.
Veteran African National Congress (ANC) leader Reverend Frank Chikane says the South African majority needs to crowd out a minority who are mostly responsible for corruption in the country.
Chikane spoke at the closing of the summit yesterday.
He says although much has been done since 1994 to address the needs of many South Africans, corruption is preventing effective progress in tackling inequality.
Chikane says those who want to benefit alone from the country's resources must be rooted out.
"Those minority people who want to benefit alone and control the politicians, and make decisions on behalf of the minority…"
He says systems that only promote the economic development of a minority must also be done away with.
"We need to crowd out people who are prisoners of systems that benefit the few."
But he says such changes can only be made if all South Africans stand together.
More in Local
#FeesMustFall: Free Education Live concert cancelled
Maimane: I will fight for release of state capture report
Police hunt suspects who robbed a congregation in Alex
SA's ICC exit labeled a slap in the face of human rights victims
Parents, students & academics to meet over Fees Must Fall protests
Polokwane advocates call for review of appointment of judge president Ephraime Makgoba
EWN welcomes all comments that are constructive, contribute to discussions in a meaningful manner and take stories forward.
However, we will NOT condone the following:
- Racism (including offensive comments based on ethnicity and nationality)
- Sexism
- Homophobia
- Religious intolerance
- Cyber bullying
- Hate speech
- Derogatory language
- Comments inciting violence.
We ask that your comments remain relevant to the articles they appear on and do not include general banter or conversation as this dilutes the effectiveness of the comments section.
We strive to make the EWN community a safe and welcoming space for all.
EWN reserves the right to: 1) remove any comments that do not follow the above guidelines; and, 2) ban users who repeatedly infringe the rules.
Should you find any comments upsetting or offensive you can also flag them and we will assess it against our guidelines.
EWN reserves the right to close comments on selected content pages.
EWN is constantly reviewing its comments policy in order to create an environment conducive to constructive conversations.
Choose an EWN Twitter accountFollow @ewnreporter
Follow @ewnupdates
Follow @ewnsport
Follow @ewntraffic


text:
2016 Schedule
The location for the following license exams will Marine Patrol Headquarters (temporary location - see on map) at 67 Communications Drive (Route 106, N Main St., Next to Ahern State Park), Laconia, NH:
To schedule a commercial license exam, please call (603) 293-2037 and select option 2.
PLEASE NOTE: Testing will be offered by appointment only. We will not reserve seats without having received a processed license application. If you have not yet applied for your commercial license you must do so by contacting the Division of Motor Vehicles, Boat Desk. Persons failing their first exam will be required to wait a minimum of 7 days and pay a $10.00 fee before taking a make-up exam. In the event a person fails a second time, they should successfully complete a Boating Safety Course prior to testing a third time.
Adobe Acrobat Reader format. You can download a free reader from Adobe.


text:
Stepanova/Bukin got really low levels in this dance (the caller in this competition seemed quite strict overall), so when they up those, they should be competitive with Sinitsina/Zhingashin. Based on what with seen so far, they're the top two junior teams this year.
I didn't really like S/B's programs. S/Z are better but we'll see how they'll both be scored in the grand prix final.


text:
Ray Prevostwrote a review of Pearl Izumi P.R.O. Leader Jersey - Men's on February 4, 2016
Well made, looks good.
I normally wear a medium jersey, but since I was at the top end of the sizing chart for medium, I went with large. I'm glad I did. The Large is snug on my chest, and just right on my arms, which are big for my size.. The one place the fit isn't so good is in the back. It's both too long and too loose. But I'm glad I didn't go with a smaller size as it would not have fit elsewhere. I did like the P.R.O. enough to buy a second one in a different color.


text:
At this rate we might have to rename the GreenLights to the Triple-J Lights. It's one thing to throw down some ferocious dunks in mop-up duty, or go 5-for-5 in extended garbaaaage time. But during yesterday's matinee, Celtics rookie JaJuan Johnson got some regular rotation run mainly due to the absence of Brandon Bass. Everyone got shifted up a notch in what has become the crop-rotation of bigs, and JJJ did quite well. In the highlights you'll see him knock down some jumpers like he has before, but the one thing that stuck out was how he stepped right into them with zero hesitation. Even on his miscues he still displayed confidence.
That's been relatively uncommon for rookies and young players on this team during the New Big 3 Era. Nonetheless, JJJ will most likely be relegated to spot minutes once Bass returns. It's great to see that he has prepared himself to be ready for whenever they need him. If he keeps this up, they may call his number sooner rather than later.
- Some help defense on OJ Mayo's drives
- Good attempt at a offensive put-back lay-up
- Decent post defense on Gasol, creating a bad pass/turnover
- Good rebounding technique by finding Dante Cunningham and boxing him out, instead of looking for the ball
- Diving for a loose ball
- Running the floor well in transition
- Stepping right into jumpshots
- Blocking OJ Mayo's lay-up
- The wild alley-oop
- Beautiful high-post entry pass to KG for the dunk
- Blocking Gasol's lay-up
- Solid perimeter defense on Rudy Gay
- Blocking Josh Selby's lay-up


text:
Community steps up to rescue historic club from bankruptcy
A piece of Hollywood history will get another chance to shine with some help from a Costa Mesa law firm and a lot of determined community members.
The Woman's Club of Hollywood (WCH) – a place where Charlie Chaplin used to play piano and where Jean Harlow and the children of Cecil B. DeMille went to school – was once a Los Angeles hub for entertainers and residents.
The nonprofit with roots dating back to 1913 filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy after suffering financial turmoil; its historic building faced the prospect of demolition and new condominiums built in its place.
Costa Mesa law firm Weiland, Golden, Smiley, Wang Ekvall & Strok joined forces with club members to bring the Hollywood monument out of bankruptcy, vowing
"When you have a nonprofit, it has to do with maintaining a legacy and community service," said law firm partner Lei Lei Wang Ekvall, who has worked with WCH president Claudia Deutsch before. "You don't often see that in bankruptcy cases."
The club's reorganization plan went into effect on Aug. 20. While WCH works to raise money and expand outreach, Los Angeles bankruptcy trustee Heide Kurtz will have oversight on the club's newly elected board and finances. Under the plan, the club will be allowed to raise donations to repay debts. It also will keep its clubhouse, a historic property located near TCL Chinese Theater.
"It's really been a very positive experience in that it is a woman's club," Kurtz said. "I just really hope that with this plan we can move forward and get it to be a vital part of the community."
Wang Ekvall said it should take about six years to pay back all debts, which includes about $1 million from a loan as well as claims and legal fees. In the meantime, fundraising events will be planned and new members, women or men from ages 18 to 90, are welcome to join the club.
"The problem in a big city like L.A. is it's so huge, you are just one of the masses," Kurtz said. "(WCH) is a good community-based place to make friends and do good charity work and have the extra history."
For more information on the history of the club and how to get involved, visit wchollywood.org.
– Angela Ratzlaff
Most Popular
- Dana Point city manager resigns, effective Nov. 1
- Santa Ana to pay $100,000 to pot shop at center of controversial raid
- Catholic Church clarifies cremation rules, says ashes shouldn't be scattered
- Sex offender gets 2 years for indecent exposure at Huntington Beach bookstore
- Anaheim church looted by 2 women, who were caught on camera
User Agreement
Comments are encouraged, but you must follow our Privacy Policy Policy & Terms of Use
Keep it civil and stay on topic. No profanity, vulgarity, racial slurs or personal attacks. People who harass others or joke about tragedies will be blocked. By posting your comment, you agree to allow Orange County Register Communications, Inc. the right to republish your name and comment in additional Register publications without any notification or payment.


text:
As an expansion team, the Jacks were allowed to sign six players prior to next week's United States Hockey League draft. With those six signings, the Jacks have been focusing on blueliners.
That group now includes Sebastien Gingras, son of former National Hockey League standout Gaston Gingras.
"We've got the beginning of a very, very good defensive corps and that's how we've started to lay things out," Lumberjack owner Josh Mervis said.
Gingras, 18, is a 6-3, 181-pound native of Pierrefonds, Quebec. His father played 18 seasons of professional hockey, including stints in the NHL with Montreal, Toronto and St. Louis.
Now Sebastien hopes to follow in his footsteps.
"He's a power-play type defenseman," Lumberjack coach Kevin Patrick said. "He definitely brings an offensive element to the game. He brings great skill to the position and we're real excited about what he'll bring to the offensive part of the game."
Gingras played for Brockville of the CJHL Tier 1. In 56 games, he had 12 goals and 43 assists for 55 points. He had 30 penalty minutes. His team was recently eliminated in the semifinal round of the Royal Bank Cup playoffs.
"He'll bring that experience from playing in the semifinals to our team next year having won their division, the region and playing in the national championship tournament," Patrick said.
Gingras is committed to the University of Maine for 2011.
Traveling men
Phone calls and plenty have travel have gone into the Lumberjacks getting ready for next week's USHL drafts.
Patrick has been to such places as Omaha, Neb., Denver and Seattle in search of talented young players. Mervis has also done his share of traveling.
Patrick, Mervis and general manager Tim Taylor have also been to Detroit several times looking at players at showcase tournaments.
Expansion draft Monday
For the expansion draft on May 17, the Lumberjacks and the other league newcomer, Dubuque, will receive the list of unprotected players at 8 a.m., just prior to the start of the draft.
Muskegon and Dubuque will choose up to seven players off existing rosters.


text:
- News
- Calendar
- Blogs
- Sports
- Entertainment
- Business
- Lifestyles
- Community
- Opinion
- About Us
- Classifieds
- Coupons
- Local Savings
- Green Editions
- Legal Notices
- Weekly Ads
- Connect2Classes
Connect with Us
Mercer Island: Citizen advisory committee to mull fate of Island Crest Way and Merrimount
A group of Islanders to be selected by the mayor will now deliberate the fate of the very crucial and dangerous intersection at Island Crest Way and Merrimount Drive.
The city is looking for 15 Islanders to collaborate on the future of the intersection during the next six months by devising a recommendation to the City Council, which would actually make the final decision concerning any permanent modifications. The group will also consider changes to the four-lane portion of Island Crest Way south of the intersection and before S.E. 53rd Place. Two members of the Council will also work with the appointed citizen advisory group to ensure that discussions remain realistic given the budget limit for the project. On Monday night, the Council appropriated $65,000 to spend on the citizen-engineer combined planning sessions. City engineers will join the group along with traffic consultants from KPG, which have been working with the city on the intersection's improvement for the past few years.
Islanders interested in joining the panel are encouraged to call the project manager and assistant city engineer, Anne Tonella-Howe. The proposed meetings are scheduled to take place between November and February, with the recommendation to be completed by March and the final Council vote in April. The mayor is looking to appoint a panel comprising residents from various neighborhoods, including representation from the South end and West Mercer — two areas with homeowners who feel directly affected by modifications to the intersection. According to KPG engineer Joe Giacobazzi, such advisory groups are common and have been successful in the region in the past.
"You have a split community out there," Giacobazzi told the Council. "This is a way of bringing those opposing forces together and an opportunity for citizens to get educated on what would work well out there, while trying to get a citizen-backed plan through the process."
The fate of the intersection, which was determined to be the Island's most dangerous in 2006, has been controversial. The city has struggled with finding a workable solution. Today, a temporary, low-cost barrier is in place that prevents a southbound left turn onto S.E. 44th Street and crossing the intersection from Merrimount to 44th. The city installed and has monitored this setup during the past year. They concluded that such an improvement did not significantly affect travel times but could be made safer.
Some critics dislike the funnel created by reducing the through-lanes from four to two. Others remain insistent on the installation of a traffic signal and some only ask for a simple improvement of what is out there now.
Calls to fix the intersection began a few years ago after severe accidents started to occur more frequently. According to the city, T-bone collisions involving high school drivers attempting to cross Island Crest from Merrimount were also happening. Many residents suggested that a traffic signal be installed, and a light was originally slated to be put up in 2010 as part of the city's six-year road improvement plan. The City Council took the light off the schedule this year, however, and in June, the Council decided to reduce Island Crest Way south of the intersection from a four-lane thoroughfare to three with a shared center turn lane. The design work included aesthetics similar to the southern portion of the roadway and some pedestrian "refuges."
Weeks later, the Council reneged that decision so that the city could establish the citizen advisory group.
"It may seem impossible right now, today," Giacobazzi said of the numerous insights on how to fix the roadway. "But we've never done this when we had not arrived at an anonymous decision on what the community wanted to do. Although, there have been times when the group selected solutions that the engineers never had thought of before."
During the public hearing of the last Council meeting, nine citizens voiced their opinions about the intersection's past and future. Pedestrian safety crossing Island Crest Way was another issue brought up by both citizens and engineers.
Islander Jim Richards shared his experience of witnessing a pedestrian get hit by a car three years ago while she was in a crosswalk.
"I stopped for her, but the person in the right lane hit her and threw her 60 feet into the bushes," he said. "I later learned a citation was not in order because the driver had done nothing wrong; their view was simply blocked. The situation right now is where a person obeying the law can be hit by somebody who did nothing wrong."
Councilmember Dan Grausz asked if it was possible for Islanders to try any proposed solution with another temporary test. He suggested Islanders may come to support a lane reduction after they experience it for awhile.
"The thing about the road diet is the fear of the unknown," Grausz said. "People are wondering how it's going to pan out."
If interested in joining the citizen advisory group, e-mail the project manager, Anne Tonella-Howe, at email@example.com.
Latest news, top stories, and community events,
delivered to your inbox.
Trending Stories Oct 18 - Oct 25
Read the Oct 19
Green Edition
Browse the print edition page by page, including stories and ads.
Browse the archives.