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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Aura Balancing
A selection of articles related to aura balancing.
Original articles from our library related to the Aura Balancing. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Aura Balancing.
- That Glimmer of Life: Death, The Energy Body & Its Aura
- When persons are nearing death, their auras change dramatically. As a mystic and healer with many years experience, I have probably had more opportunities than most to observe the auras of people with terminal illnesses, in the weeks, days, hours and minutes...
Body Mysteries >> Auras
- Ever Seen an Aura?
- Of course you have, or at least a picture of one! Although aura reading has become stock in trade for some psychics, everyone has seen pictures of what aura readers visualize with their "third" eye. Consider the paintings of the birth of Christ that...
Body Mysteries >> Auras
- The Raven: Balancing Man and Nature
- "He likes bright abalone shells, silver beads, endless vittles, gossip and warm sleeps over the smoke hole. The Raven-ego is the lover-to-be who wants "a sure thing." The Raven-ego is afraid passion will end. He is afraid and tries to avoid the...
Symbology >> Animals
- Auras and Chakras
- An aura is the three-dimensional energy field that surrounds the bodies of all beings and things. The healthier you are, the further the aura will extend out from your body. How to read the Aura Find a place where there isn't any harsh light. Focus on one...
Body Mysteries >> Auras
- Balancing Deficient Elements
- Analgous to mineral deficency a person lacking the presence of natal Planets in a particular element will also need to establish practical methods in order to balance the element in question. An example of a deficiency would be: Earth 1 Air 4 Fire 3 Water 4...
Mystic Sciences >> Astrology
Aura Balancing is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Aura Balancing books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Theater Listings for March 11-17
- Mimi O'Donnell, artistic director of Labyrinth Theater Company, directs a comedy starring Deirdre O'Connell as a bankrupt mother who still can't balance a budget. Bank Street Theater, 155 Bank Street, West Village, 212-513-1080, labtheater.
- FTC's Julie Brill Criticizes Government 'Magical Thinking' in Apple Encryption
- The comment reflects the thorny nature of the problem facing the Obama administration balancing digital privacy with the need to protect the public from deadly threats. For more than a month, gadget giant Apple has been fighting ...
- World of Warcraft: The 25 Best Story Moments
- Blizzard hasn't quite taken the same approach to balancing story with dungeons and raid entry gates since, and I'll be the first to admit that's kind of a shame. There's a reason you still hear people make "You are not prepared" jokes.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Aura Balancing Topics
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text: Napoleon: Total War | PC game | Download discounts at Green Man Gaming use coupon: GMG20-GGN5D-FC3NA Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal shimisi May 09, 2013 Wow can't beat 3 bucks. I might have to try this. Reply 1 like Load More Comments


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Property Name: Hotel Capital
Property Address: Autopista Sur, Blvd La Sultana San Salvador, ,
Property Description: Property Location
A stay at Hotel Capital places you in the heart of San Salvador, walking distance from Universidad Centroamericana Jose Simeon Canas and Centro Monsenor Romero. This hotel is within close proximity of David Guzman Anthropology Museum and Torre Cuscatlan.
Make yourself at home in one of the 57 air-conditioned rooms featuring plasma televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have shower/tub combinations and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and blackout drapes/curtains, and you can also request irons/ironing boards.
Make use of convenient amenities, which include complimentary wireless Internet access and gift shops/newsstands.
Grab a bite to eat at the hotel's restaurant, which features a bar, or stay in and take advantage of room service (during limited hours). Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge. A complimentary continental breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk and luggage storage. This hotel has 2 meeting rooms available for events. A roundtrip airport shuttle is provided for a surcharge during limited hours, and free self parking is available onsite.
Location Description: Near Estadio Cuscatlan
Property Facts: Total Number of Rooms: 57Total Number of Floors: 7Year of Last Renovation: N/A


text: Lovely custom home on 1 acre lot close to The Woodlands. Buyer may make their own selections for this split bedroom, 3 bedroom and 2 1/2 bath with upstairs flex room home. Open concept with large family room, fireplace and formal dining room. nice kitchen with granite counter tops and tile floor. Wooded lot, stone accents, tile family room and granite counter tops! A sales price or tax value is not the current market value. Contact a REALTOR® for an estimate of this property's market value.


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Very good
948 reviews
This hotel is just outside of Madrid has free Wi-Fi and a free gym, a sauna, a hot tub and a heated swimming pool. It is in a business and residential area in Alcobendas.
"Overall experience was satisfied ;)"
Very good
829 reviews
With easy access to the A-1 Highway, this modern hotel is in Alcobendas, just a 10 minute drive from Barajas Airport. It features a gym, sauna and air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi.
"Price/value. Eurostarts is excellent chain. …, large bathroom. Free parking, I could go on..."
1,226 reviews
Situated in the business area of Alcobendas, the hotel is located close to the Moraleja industrial estate, major shopping centers and well-located for the Ifema exhibition and events center.
"The rooms are spacious with comfortable beds and g…lose to Madrid Barajas (about a 10-minute drive)."
191 reviews
Set in Madrid's upmarket La Moraleja district, this hotel's facilities include an outdoor pool, gym, sauna and free parking. Air-conditioned rooms have free Wi-Fi, private balcony and satellite TV.
"Spacious room with two separate areas. Comfortable… and pillows. Spacious bathroom with big closets."
386 reviews
This design hotel has a rooftop terrace, a free gym and free internet.
"Very spacieuse hallway,staff very helpful and room very clean."
280 reviews
Hostal Arba offers modern accommodation with free Wi-Fi access. It is located in the heart of Alcobendas, with excellent access to central Madrid.
"Lovely talk to the owner & very fair x the prices..."
301 reviews
Hostal Fronton is located in Alcobendas, 15 minutes from downtown Madrid and 7 km from Barajas Airport. The guesthouse offers free Wi-Fi and spacious, bright rooms with private bathroom.
"Location close to metro, shopping centre, leisure …aunts. Good buses to centre also. Parking good."
Very good
577 reviews
Ibis Madrid Alcobendas is within a 15-minute drive of IFEMA Exhibition Centre and Madrid Barajas Airport. It provides a 24-hour snack bar, covered parking and soundproof rooms with flat-screen TV.
"Dog friendly dog stayed in room. Easy for motorw…) mostly friendly helpful English speaking staff."
2,347 reviews
UVE Alcobendas is located next to La Vega Shopping Centre and 10 minutes' drive from Barajas International Airport. It offers a shuttle service to the IFEMA, free Wi-Fi and free parking.
"Excellent hotel and exceptional staff"
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Before the start of the season head coach Bobby Bowden warned that offensive line was the one position where his team couldn't afford injuries. The first major injury struck the unit in the Wake F...
Insider Report: OL and DE getting thin
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Reclaiming My SelfLeave a comment
March 28, 2016 by christopherames
it's been a while… a messy six months… longer than that if I am honest… a funny word 'honest'… some …
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That's Gonna Leave A Mark!Leave a comment
September 16, 2015 by christopherames
Ouch – that's gonna leave a mark! Have you ever said that? I said that to myself in the ER …
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Seeing is KnowingLeave a comment
September 1, 2015 by christopherames
A few months back, my family was in Saratoga Springs, NY… a cool, kitschy town that is known for horse …
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Changing ReputationLeave a comment
March 12, 2015 by christopherames
Have you ever encountered the tension between the reputation of a group and the reputation of an individual? Maybe you …
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Because Every Story MattersLeave a comment
February 27, 2015 by christopherames
I was talking with a friend the other day and he was trying to remember a specific song. He said, …
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Can I Be Conceited For A Moment?1
February 6, 2015 by christopherames
I really don't like conceited people. Or maybe more accurately – I don't like it when people are conceited. Even …
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Go Ye Forth and Do Something… Normal?1
February 4, 2015 by christopherames
Anyone who knows me knows that I love heroes… whether super heroes from comic books, the unexpected heroes of fantasy …
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|#1 (permalink)
Premier Cat
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Virginia Beach, VA
Posts: 9,121
Sad Day in Virginia
We made the decision to have our Winnie put down today. She is the old Maine Coon we adopted from Animal Control. We have had her since May. She started to get sick Monday. We took her in yesterday and the vet gave her a round of fluids, appetite increaser and nausea suppressant. The nausea went away but her appetite never returned and this morning she was in bad shape. We even tried to force some food into her last night. It was an awful experience for all of us. Our vet is going out of town until Monday so rather than have her suffer through the weekend we decided to bring her in today. I know this is the right decision, she was always frail; coughing, puking and such, (I think she came from a home of smokers) but she was always able to eat and drink. This turn in her health is just too much for her. I just couldn't let her slowly starve. Paul really loved her, he's taking it hard. She seemed to really be bonding to him which made us both happy because she was so timid for so long after we adopted her. She was 15 and just thrown away but we gave her (probably) some of the best love she's ever known. I know she is in a better place and made whole, never to suffer any more. This is the heartbreak of adopting old cats.
Cat owners' prayer: "Lord help me be the person my cat thinks I am"
Last edited by marie73; 01-10-2013 at 10:19 PM. Reason: font
|#3 (permalink)
Premier Cat
Join Date: Sep 2006
Location: Maine
Posts: 8,034
I'm so sorry to hear about Winnie. She was a beautiful girl and it's so great that you gave her a loving home at the end of her life. You should feel proud that you put yourself out like that. I know this is the hard part, because loving them has nothing to do with how long you had them . . . we're attached after 1 minute.
Holly and Murphy
|#4 (permalink)
Jr. Cat
Join Date: Dec 2012
Location: Southwest USA
Posts: 55
Adopting a senior is a special kindness, especially as you know that
it's going to bring heartache sooner rather than later. We just have
to count the love, not the years, and know that the gift you have
given that special cat is probably the best months/years of its life.
I salute you for having the courage and strength to bring Winnie
into your lives and love her unconditionally.
Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly.
And never regret anything that made you smile.
|#7 (permalink)
Premier Cat
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Virginia Beach, VA
Posts: 9,121
Thank you all for your kind words. Yes, we loved Winnie, just as much as we have loved any of our cats. They are all such wonderful creatures and I always feel blessed to have them in our lives. I cried like a baby when I saw her at PetSmart. 15 years old. WHO does that? She had been at Animal Control for over 2 months. As long as my heart and finances hold out I will continue to take in the old babies. They are so often overlooked for the cute kittens, (I perfectly understand kitten owners!), but the old folks make WONDERFUL pets. Thanks again for being so supportive.
Cat owners' prayer: "Lord help me be the person my cat thinks I am"
|#9 (permalink)
Premier Cat
Join Date: Jul 2012
Location: Roanoke, Va
Posts: 8,599
I'm so sorry about Winnie. She must have been so grateful to have found a loving home for the last months of her life.
It has to take a lot of courage to adopt senior cats, knowing that how much you love a cat has nothing to do with how long they're with you, and yet also knowing that their time with you may not be very long.
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USS Midway Veterans Association (MVA)
The next reunion of the USS Midway Veterans Association has tentatively been set for September 11-13, 2017 (Monday through Wednesday), in San Diego. And yes, we expect to hold our grand banquet on the flight deck of the USS Midway Museum. It will be an occasion for all Midway veterans, family members and friends to come together. Reunion hotel is TBD. Do not book your air travel yet because we still have to sign final contracts and complete negotiations.
We are Midway veterans who are bound by a common love for our ship and a sense of duty that still burns strong to this day.
The USS Midway Veterans Association (MVA) is open to all Navy and Marine Corps veterans who served aboard the USS Midway (CV-41) from 1945 to 1992. We invite you to join our ranks regardless of the department or air-wing affiliation you were part of while on Midway, for we are a shipwide association. Today our ship, one of the premier warships of the 20th century, serves as the USS Midway Museum, in San Diego, California. She is the most popular museum ship in the country, and most of our reunions center around her. Find the link to our application to join the MVA, below.
Following are some of the vital statistics of the reunions the MVA has hosted and celebrated since its inception in 2010:
vital statistics


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Appears in 21 channels
Reviewed in Die besten Apps und Spiele
Mit einer wunderschönen, kontrastreichen Grafik und der Möglichkeit sich in einen Adler, ein Wildschwein und einen Drachen zu verwandeln, wobei jedes der Tiere mit einer besonderen Fähigkeit ausgestattet ist, bringt dieser Endlosrunner frischen Wind in das Genre! P.S.: Die ersten paar Levels sind kostenlos, weitere lassen sich per In App-Kauf freischalten! Außerdem auch für Tablets optimiert!
Reviewed in Best apps that will make u Love your ANDROID MORE
Best platform running games with high graphicz. But you will need to buy the full game in order to play the best of it
Reviewed in 21 Best New Android Games (9/3/13 - 9/16/13)
No one can say that Chillingo's Totem Runner doesn't deliver on its titular promise: it's got lots of totems (i.e. animalistic representations of broad concepts, with or without the pole) and lots of running. This game mixes up the endless runner for
Reviewed in Games not only for gamers but also for Fun lovers.
Another great side runner game with dark hues.
Reviewed in Badass games with personal comment (daily updated)
So this is like "outland" that it came out for PSN so if you liked outland you have to try this
Reviewed in Game Must Play
Un gioco di tipo "runner" con continue variazioni di colori e mostri da uccidere
Reviewed in My games which are all games.
(Spoiler: buy the game just after the first chapter) Totem Runner really is my type of game. Very mysterious and naturalistic with excellent visuals by its side. With new gameplay mechanics to introduce to the infinite runner genre. The most amazing game I've played in a while now.
Reviewed in 4-5 stars games
This is a game of adventure and war
When the world is threatened by a malevolent darkness a brave warrior rises, fearless and ready to run into the thick of battle. His confidence is steeled by his mystical ability to transform at-will into noble creatures including a rampaging rhino, capable of spearing enemies on his horn, a mighty eagle that can soar over deadly hazards, and a fearsome dragon able to vanquish all who stand in it's path. As he runs, the warrior breathes new life into the world and puts new stars in the sky. Knowing when to transform between shapes - man, bird, and beast - is key to success in this action-packed endless runner.
Totem Runner's unique looks are matched by its compelling gameplay and immersive story. Take up the challenge and become the warrior within.
Transform into beasts, dragons and back to a warrior as you charge through the world defeating evil!
The unique 'silhouette' style, haunting music and awesome animation immerses you into the mystical world of Totem Runner.
Run, fly and rampage through five chapters of compelling gameplay.
Become a Sorcerer, the Lord of Stars, or even the Great Shadow by completing in-game challenges.


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Severinsen lights up Christmas in MSO seasonal concert
Nothing ushers in the holiday season quite like Doc Severinsen and 200-or-so instrumentalists and singers raising the roof of Uihlein Hall with seasonal music.
Severinsen, who retired from the Milwaukee Symphony Pops principal pops conductor post in 2007, returned to the MSO podium on Friday with trumpet and flugelhorn in hand. He led a high-energy, festive program of holiday music that meshed classical music with pop, jazz and traditional carols. »Read Full Article(4)
Orwell meets animation in Youngblood's challenging 'Cartoon'
Asylums and hospitals. Circus cages and suburban cul-de-sacs. Tiny apartments, cramped submarines and the antechamber to hell.
Youngblood Theatre Company's plays regularly feature nightmarish, confined spaces in which a lost generation dreams forlornly of liberation. »Read Full Article
Martina McBride brings Christmas glow to Milwaukee Theatre
Saturday night's outdoor temperatures and drizzle belied a calendar that had already turned over to December.
Inside the Milwaukee Theatre, a multigenerational audience of revelers was greeted with all the trappings of the Christmas season as Martina McBride crafted a classic holiday extravaganza. »Read Full Article


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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
From this instructable you will learn how to expertly execute the frozen mentos Prank, You know what happens when You mix Diet Coke and Mentos, Now Add a ...
The first thing you need to is get some ice cube molds and fill them with water, Put them inside the freezer till it reaches its freezing point, ...
Check out the picture below, You see two ice cubes, You really can't tell that there's a mentos inside.Just leave the Ice cubes back in the freezer and ...
When your victim adds diet coke into a cup with the mentos Ice, Nothing will happen at first, but little by little the ice cubes will be melting, ...
Mentos and Diet Coke Time Bomb Prank!by Nextraker
Volcano Funby pyro 360
How To Build A Mentos And Diet Coke Booby Trapby giannyl
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Join FREE | Login
+ Celebrations
+ How-To
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Classic Baked Corn Pudding
Cornbread Pudding
Corn Dog Casserole
Scalloped Corn
Swiss Potato Casserole
Sweet Corn Potluck Pudding
Looking for a flavorful side dish using corn? Then try this corn pudding that's baked to perfection.
Pureeing half of the corn in the food processor creates a creamier texture and fresh-off-the-cob flavor.
© 2016 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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|Found 3976 Recipes
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Couscousby furlanme Couscous is primarily a staple for Northern African countries. It w..
Healthy Coconut Rice and Sweet Veggie Dishby dorado A healthy dish; you can substitute the brown rice for white if you wis..
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Creamed Corn Cornbreadby sarahnspice A delicious spin on a classic recipe.
Oven Baked Mexican Quinoa Casseroleby Carol20 Per author: The quinoa cooks directly in the oven, so you don't hav..
Carolina Meatballsby Carol20 Approximate nutrition info per meatball: 92 calories, 7g fat, 1g net c..
Baked Parmesan Tomatoesby onesassy Delicious! I have been waiting on some good home grown tomatoes and I ..
Baked Onion Ringsby kelkyrcori Onions are a vegetable we love! These are super crispy and not greasy ..


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The Delaunay
Located behind an imposing entrance on the corner of historic Drury Lane and The Aldwych, The Delaunay is an all-day café-restaurant inspired by the grand cafés of Europe. Open for breakfast, lunch and dinner, morning coffee and afternoon tea are also served seven days a week, alongside a Take-Out section with a local delivery service. Booking is recommended but a portion of the tables are available for walk-in customers.
This content has been supplied by The Delaunay
Venue Details & Map
The Delaunay
- Address
55 AldwychLondonWC2B 4BB
I love The Delaunay, it is one of my favorite restaurants in London. The decor is lovely and the service is impeccable. They have a fantastic European menu (the schnitzel is divine!). I also love the elegant table settings.more
This a very nice restaurant in the theater district. Very upscale looking interior, beautiful décor.
The menu is a very interesting mix of many style comfort foods with a German/Austrian flare.
The service was very good. Nice wine list with an excellent selection of Italian wines.
I had the specialty hand made sausages with German potato salad and kraut. Rockstar had the Eggs Benedict.
Absolutely excellent! Server was attentive to our time constraints due to theatre tickets! Hamburgers were cooked to perfection! I chose a dinner salad and was pleasantly surprised at the variety of vegetables included! Gorgeous European old world charm! We were pleased to find this venue is the sister to the Worsley on Piccadilly! The corner entrance made one feel special!more
If you ever want to impress someone, take them here. Don't go in the plebian entrance - you want the one on the corner of the street or you'll be redirected through. Anyway, imagine an English Balthazar with all your standard British fare done..just, well, just done right and extremely well. Saying that, the oatmeal souffle (souffle? for breakfast!?) is superb. The service is absolutely...more
Excellent food & service! We were very pleased! My husband had the Fillet of Beef Stroganoff and I the Chicken Schnitzel with the Grilled Vegetable Salad--YUM YUM YUM!more


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All-cottonproduction in Arizonais expected to hit3-bale-per-acre yields this year -1,468 pounds/acre, according to the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). NASS projectsproduction at 472,500 480-pound bales, down 23 percent from last year.This year's total cotton acreage is estimated at 154,500 acres, down 45,500 acres from last year. Upland constitutes99 percent of the cotton grown in the Grand Canyon State. The ...
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Download .xls
The median home value in Xenia, Ohio, is $93,400. Home appreciation is -1.70% over the last year. The median age of Xenia, Ohio, real estate is 43 years.
Renters make up 31.69% of the Xenia, Ohio, population. 11.24% of houses and apartments in Xenia, Ohio, are unoccupied (vacancy rate).


text:
La Liga News
Samir Nasri revitalised after switch to Sevilla from Manchester City
French midfielder Samir Nasri feels revitalised by his summer switch to Sevilla from Manchester City.
Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo incurs social media wrath over Buddha photo
Cristiano Ronaldo incurred the wrath of Buddhists on social media after he posed in an Instagram photo with his foot on a Buddha statue.
La Liga predictor: Best games of the year?
La Liga features several top six match-ups this weekend. Find out who comes out on top in our La Liga predictor.
Joao Cancelo happy at Valencia amid links with Man Utd, Barcelona, Atletico
Reports claim Manchester United have joined in the race to sign the defender, with Barcelona and Atletico Madrid also credited with an interest.
Lionel Messi's mere presence on the pitch is all the magic Barcelona need
Sometimes, just knowing Lionel Messi is nearby is enough to turn a game.
Atletico Madrid agree to January transfer ban amid ongoing CAS appeal
Atletico Madrid have accepted they will not sign players in January while they fight a FIFA transfer ban at sport's highest court.


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Life after Brexit: From the Coadec Community
A few days before the UK voted to leave the EU, I wrote a welcome blog as the incoming Executive Director of Coadec. On reflection and with the beauty of hindsight, I should have written a very different blog. But then it has been a truly extraordinary few weeks. The pace of change and volume of unknowns have felt overwhelming and I hope that we can now enter a relative period of...Read more


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Click here for information on various religious events and programs.
GriefShare, for those mourning the loss of someone close, meets at 5 p.m. Sunday in Room 205 at East Flat Rock First Baptist Church, 2227 Spartanburg Highway. The leader will be Cynthia Whitted. Info: 692-0765.
Mountain Valley Baptist Church, Zirconia, 11 a.m. Sunday, Sept. 24 with the Rev. Billy Walker preaching. Dinner and singing on the grounds will follow.
Refuge Baptist Church, 10:30 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 1, with the Rev. Glenn Hix preaching. Lunch will follow in the family life building. The Henderson County Singing Convention will be held in the church auditorium following lunch.
Valley Hill Baptist Church, 10:30 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 8. Info: 692-2739.
Saluda First Baptist Church will have homecoming Sunday, Oct. 8 with the Rev. Eddie Powers preaching. Dinner on the grounds will follow. Info: 749-9621.
Foothills Bake Sale, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Thursday and Friday, Sept. 28 and 29, Shops of Tryon on Trade Street, Tryon. Proceeds will go to the Thermal Belt Outreach Ministry. Donations of baked goods accepted. Info: (864) 457-4419.
Blue Ridge Prison and Jail Ministries will present its annual fall banquet Friday, Sept. 29, at Mud Creek Baptist Church, 403 Rutledge Drive, Flat Rock. Fellowship starts at 6:30 p.m. and dinner will be at 7 p.m. There will be live music and a power point presentation as well as former inmate testimonies. The public is welcome.
Annual Rummage Sale, 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 7, Fletcher United Methodist Church, 6140 Hendersonville Road, Fletcher. Books, furnishings, vintage, holiday, adult clothing, $5 a bag. Breakfast, lunch and beverages available for sale. Info: www.free-webs.com/fletcherumc/
Jonathan Martin of the trio "The Martins" will appear in concert at 6 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 24, at Harvest Outreach Ministries, 127 Schoolhouse Road, Mills River, as part of the fourth annual Fall Music Celebration. The concert is free but tickets are required. Info: 890-4747.
Young Harmony in concert, 6 p.m. Sunday, Oct. 8, Victory Tabernacle Church, 316 E. King St., East Flat Rock. Info: 693-0105 or 697-8116.
The Rev. Steve Jones will be the guest preacher Sunday, Oct. 1, at Providence Baptist Church. The Rev. Jones is a native of Henderson County and is pastor of Mt. Moriah Calbet Baptist Church, Brevard. The service will begin at 10:30 a.m. The church is at 1201 Oakland Street, Hendersonville, 697-2878.
High Holy Days will be celebrated at Agudas Israel Synagogue, 303 Glasgow Lane, Laurel Park. The schedule began last night and continues today with: First day Rosh Hashanah; 10 a.m. Sunday, Sept. 24, Second day Rosh Hoshanah; 10:30 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 1, Cemetery Service at Oakdale; 7:30 p.m. Sunday, Oct. 1, Kol Nidre; 10 a.m. Monday, Oct. 2, Yom Kippur Morning; 1 p.m. Monday, Oct. 2, Yizkor; 3 p.m. Monday, Oct. 2, Yom Kippur Afternoon; 5 p.m. Monday, Oct. 2, Neilah. For more information, call 693-9838.
A traditional Latin Rite is now available for Roman Catholics at 5:30 p.m., the second and third Sunday of each month at Prince of Peace Church, Taylors, S.C. For directions to Taylors and the church, visit www.princeofpeacesc.org. For additional information, in Hendersonville call James Way at 891-5052; in
Brevard and Pisgah Forest call William Hayes, 884-7603.
Hendersonville First Congregational Church Adult Forum Series continues at 9:45 a.m. Sunday. This week: Deepak Chopra's How to Know God, Larry Anderson, presenter; Oct. 1, "Immigration," Patrick Tapioa, presenter; Oct. 15 and 22, the film Three Churches, dealing with "Open and Affirmative" status of various congregations regarding homosexuality and church membership and attitudes. The two sessions will be led by Ann Allen of the ONA Committee.
Discipleship training, 6 p.m. Wednesdays, Contemporary First Baptist Church, 429 Harris St., Hendersonville. The Rev. James McMinn is pastor.
Marriage Enrichment Retreat, Oct. 5 through 8, Kanuga Conferences. Led by the Rev. Clay and Jane turner of Marion. Info: 692-9136 or www.kanuga.org.
Submit written copy for the Crossroads page to Denise DeMaio, P.O. Box 490, Hendersonville, N.C. 28793; fax to 692-2319; e-mail to lifestyle@ hendersonville-news.com. Deadline is 5 p.m. Tuesday. Include contact name and number. Call 694-7864, for more information.


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Mystery Illness Forces Flight To Make Emergency…
Plane made an emergency stop when the entire 25-member flight crew reported ill.
These Halloween Costumes Will Work For The Whole…
If you're celebrating Halloween with kids and can't think of a group theme, try these creative costume ideas.
Trump, Clinton spending furiously as Election Day…
Donald Trump more than doubled his campaign spending last month, burning through roughly $70 million as his standing in polls and among fellow Republicans dropped
Cruise Offering 6 Mystery Destinations
Would you take a cruise to unknown destinations? That's what Bolsover Cruise Club is offering. A cruise with flights, six destinations in 16 days that can be completely a surprise if you want it to be. Patrick Jones (@Patrick_E_Jones) explains.
Tyler Perry Is Still Making A Ton Of Money Off…
Over the course of a decade, Tyler Perry and his loud-mouth alter ego have made over $400 million worldwide from feature films alone.
Closing arguments set in trial on medical school killings
Attorneys are expected to deliver closing arguments Tuesday in the case against a former medical student accused of killing four people with ties to an Omaha medical school
Video: Man Risks Life To Chase His Runaway Car
A man in Switzerland pulled onto a Neuchâtel highway shoulder to catch up with a truck-driving pal, leaving his unoccupied car to go on an impromptu journey.
US writers Beatty, Moshfegh up for Man Booker…
A satirical look at race and racism in the United States and a disturbing small-town American character study are among six novels vying for the prestigious Man Booker Prize
Youth League Kicks Team Out After Man Plays In Football Game
The founder of a Rhode Island youth football team says its season is ending early after the coach put a man into a game against 13- and 14-year-olds.
Jon Wertheim on 'The New City of Champions'
Could Cleveland be the new 'City of Champions' if the Indians win the World Series?
How autism in girls may help reveal the…
Autism is at least four times more common in boys, but scientists taking a closer look are finding some gender-based surprises: Many girls with autism have social skills that can mask the condition
University of Washington gets $210M from Gates…
The University of Washington is getting $210 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to help build a new facility to advance efforts to improve the health and well-being of people around the world
Google Fiber halts expansion plans as chief steps down
Google's parent company is halting operations and laying off staff in a number of cities where it once hoped to bring high-speed internet access by installing new fiber-optic networks
Chipotles sales fall again as it tries to win back customers
Chipotle says its sales fell for the fifth-straight quarter, as the company struggles to win back customers after an E. coli scare last year
Police: Gunman kills 1, himself, in workplace shooting
Police Say a man fatally shot someone and wounded several others inside a rail car manufacturing company in Virginia before apparently killing himself
Zoo: Harambe's Death Drew Attention, Didn't Hurt…
According to the director of the Cincinnati Zoo, the death of a gorilla is still drawing attention.
Consumer confidence retreated slightly in October
American consumers felt slightly less confident in October


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DIY Network series 'Made in Milwaukee' features local firm
Flux Design, founded by Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design students in 2000, will be featured on the DIY Network series "Made in Milwaukee," starting Jan. 4.
According to the network, "Jeremy Sham, and his team ... may look a little rough around the edges, but that's part of what makes their renovation projects the best in town." »Read Full Blog Post(17)
Olly Murs brings a mixed bag of tricks to The Rave
Olly Murs has been touted as the U.K.'s answer to Bruno Mars ahead of his new campaign to break out stateside.
Thing is, we already have a Bruno Mars. »Read Full Article(1)


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text:
Most Cited Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Inflammation in diabetic retinopathyJohnny Tang | Timothy S. Kern
Volume 30, Issue 5, September 2011, Pages 343-358
Diabetes causes a number of metabolic and physiologic abnormalities in the retina, but which of these abnormalities contribute to recognized features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is less clear. Many of the molecular and physiologic abnormalities that have been found to develop in the retina in diabetes are consistent with inflammation. Moreover, a number of anti-inflammatory therapies have been found to significantly inhibit development of different aspects of DR in animal models. Herein, we review the inflammatory mediators and their relationship to early and late DR, and discuss the potential of anti-inflammatory approaches to inhibit development of different stages of the retinopathy. We focus primarily on information derived from in vivo studies, supplementing with information from in vitro studies were important. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The molecular basis of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucomaMohammadali Almasieh | Ariel M. Wilson | Barbara Morquette | Jorge Luis Cueva Vargas | Adriana Di Polo
Volume 31, Issue 2, March 2012, Pages 152-181
Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by progressive optic nerve degeneration that results in visual field loss and irreversible blindness. A crucial element in the pathophysiology of all forms of glaucoma is the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), a population of CNS neurons with their soma in the inner retina and axons in the optic nerve. Strategies that delay or halt RGC loss have been recognized as potentially beneficial to preserve vision in glaucoma; however, the success of these approaches depends on an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that lead to RGC dysfunction and death. In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in valuable information regarding the molecular basis of RGC death stemming from animal models of acute and chronic optic nerve injury as well as experimental glaucoma. The emerging landscape is complex and points at a variety of molecular signals - acting alone or in cooperation - to promote RGC death. These include: axonal transport failure, neurotrophic factor deprivation, toxic pro-neurotrophins, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, misbehaving reactive glia and loss of synaptic connectivity. Collectively, this body of work has considerably updated and expanded our view of how RGCs might die in glaucoma and has revealed novel, potential targets for neuroprotection. © 2011.
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies - Disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategiesPatrick Yu-Wai-Man | Philip G. Griffiths | Patrick F. Chinnery
Volume 30, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 81-114
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and autosomal-dominant optic atrophy (DOA) are the two most common inherited optic neuropathies in the general population. Both disorders share striking pathological similarities, marked by the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the early involvement of the papillomacular bundle. Three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations; m.3460G>A, m.11778G>A, and m.14484T>C account for over 90% of LHON cases, and in DOA, the majority of affected families harbour mutations in the OPA1 gene, which codes for a mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Optic nerve degeneration in LHON and DOA is therefore due to disturbed mitochondrial function and a predominantly complex I respiratory chain defect has been identified using both in vitro and in vivo biochemical assays. However, the trigger for RGC loss is much more complex than a simple bioenergetic crisis and other important disease mechanisms have emerged relating to mitochondrial network dynamics, mtDNA maintenance, axonal transport, and the involvement of the cytoskeleton in maintaining a differential mitochondrial gradient at sites such as the lamina cribosa. The downstream consequences of these mitochondrial disturbances are likely to be influenced by the local cellular milieu. The vulnerability of RGCs in LHON and DOA could derive not only from tissue-specific, genetically-determined biological factors, but also from an increased susceptibility to exogenous influences such as light exposure, smoking, and pharmacological agents with putative mitochondrial toxic effects. Our concept of inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathies has evolved over the past decade, with the observation that patients with LHON and DOA can manifest a much broader phenotypic spectrum than pure optic nerve involvement. Interestingly, these phenotypes are sometimes clinically indistinguishable from other neurodegenerative disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and multiple sclerosis, where mitochondrial dysfunction is also thought to be an important pathophysiological player. A number of vertebrate and invertebrate disease models has recently been established to circumvent the lack of human tissues, and these have already provided considerable insight by allowing direct RGC experimentation. The ultimate goal is to translate these research advances into clinical practice and new treatment strategies are currently being investigated to improve the visual prognosis for patients with mitochondrial optic neuropathies. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and diseaseJoanna Kur | Eric A. Newman | Tailoi Chan-Ling
Volume 31, Issue 5, September 2012, Pages 377-406
We review the cellular and physiological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of blood flow in the retina and choroid in health and disease. Due to the intrinsic light sensitivity of the retina and the direct visual accessibility of fundus blood vessels, the eye offers unique opportunities for the non-invasive investigation of mechanisms of blood flow regulation. The ability of the retinal vasculature to regulate its blood flow is contrasted with the far more restricted ability of the choroidal circulation to regulate its blood flow by virtue of the absence of glial cells, the markedly reduced pericyte ensheathment of the choroidal vasculature, and the lack of intermediate filaments in choroidal pericytes. We review the cellular and molecular components of the neurovascular unit in the retina and choroid, techniques for monitoring retinal and choroidal blood flow, responses of the retinal and choroidal circulation to light stimulation, the role of capillaries, astrocytes and pericytes in regulating blood flow, putative signaling mechanisms mediating neurovascular coupling in the retina, and changes that occur in the retinal and choroidal circulation during diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease. We close by discussing issues that remain to be explored. © 2012.
Glaucomatous damage of the maculaDonald C. Hood | Ali S. Raza | Carlos Gustavo V de Moraes | Jeffrey M. Liebmann | Robert Ritch
Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 1-21
There is a growing body of evidence that early glaucomatous damage involves the macula. The anatomical basis of this damage can be studied using frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT), by which the local thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and local retinal ganglion cell plus inner plexiform (RGC+) layer can be measured. Based upon averaged fdOCT results from healthy controls and patients, we show that: 1. For healthy controls, the average RGC+ layer thickness closely matches human histological data; 2. For glaucoma patients and suspects, the average RGC+ layer shows greater glaucomatous thinning in the inferior retina (superior visual field (VF)); and 3. The central test points of the 6° VF grid (24-2 test pattern) miss the region of greatest RGC+ thinning. Based upon fdOCT results from individual patients, we have learned that: 1. Local RGC+ loss is associated with local VF sensitivity loss as long as the displacement of RGCs from the foveal center is taken into consideration; and 2. Macular damage is typically arcuate in nature and often associated with local RNFL thinning in a narrow region of the disc, which we call the macular vulnerability zone (MVZ). According to our schematic model of macular damage, most of the inferior region of the macula projects to the MVZ, which is located largely in the inferior quadrant of the disc, a region that is particularly susceptible to glaucomatous damage. A small (cecocentral) region of the inferior macula, and all of the superior macula (inferior VF), project to the temporal quadrant, a region that is less susceptible to damage. The overall message is clear; clinicians need to be aware that glaucomatous damage to the macula is common, can occur early in the disease, and can be missed and/or underestimated with standard VF tests that use a 6° grid, such as the 24-2 VF test. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
The bisretinoids of retinal pigment epitheliumJanet R. Sparrow | Emily Gregory-Roberts | Kazunori Yamamoto | Anna Blonska | Shanti Kaligotla Ghosh | Keiko Ueda | Jilin Zhou
Volume 31, Issue 2, March 2012, Pages 121-135
The retina exhibits an inherent autofluorescence that is imaged ophthalmoscopically as fundus autofluorescence. In clinical settings, fundus autofluorescence examination aids in the diagnosis and follow-up of many retinal disorders. Fundus autofluorescence originates from the complex mixture of bisretinoid fluorophores that are amassed by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells as lipofuscin. Unlike the lipofuscin found in other cell-types, this material does not form as a result of oxidative stress. Rather, the formation is attributable to non-enzymatic reactions of vitamin A aldehyde in photoreceptor cells; transfer to RPE occurs upon phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. These fluorescent pigments accumulate even in healthy photoreceptor cells and are generated as a consequence of the light capturing function of the cells. Nevertheless, the formation of this material is accelerated in some retinal disorders including recessive Stargardt disease and ELOVL4-related retinal degeneration. As such, these bisretinoid side-products are implicated in the disease processes that threaten vision. In this article, we review our current understanding of the composition of RPE lipofuscin, the structural characteristics of the various bisretinoids, their related spectroscopic features and the biosynthetic pathways by which they form. We will revisit factors known to influence the extent of the accumulation and therapeutic strategies being used to limit bisretinoid formation. Given their origin from vitamin A aldehyde, an isomer of the visual pigment chromophore, it is not surprising that the bisretinoids of retina are light sensitive molecules. Accordingly, we will discuss recent findings that implicate the photodegradation of bisretinoid in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Lutein: More than just a filter for blue lightAize Kijlstra | Yuan Tian | Elton R. Kelly | Tos T J M Berendschot
Volume 31, Issue 4, July 2012, Pages 303-315
Lutein is concentrated in the primate retina, where together with zeaxanthin it forms the macular pigment. Traditionally lutein is characterized by its blue light filtering and anti-oxidant properties. Eliminating lutein from the diet of experimental animals results in early degenerative signs in the retina while patients with an acquired condition of macular pigment loss (Macular Telangiectasia) show serious visual handicap indicating the importance of macular pigment. Whether lutein intake reduces the risk of age related macular degeneration (AMD) or cataract formation is currently a strong matter of debate and abundant research is carried out to unravel the biological properties of the lutein molecule. SR-B1 has recently been identified as a lutein binding protein in the retina and this same receptor plays a role in the selective uptake in the gut. In the blood lutein is transported via high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Genes controlling SR-B1 and HDL levels predispose to AMD which supports the involvement of cholesterol/lutein transport pathways. Apart from beneficial effects of lutein intake on various visual function tests, recent findings show that lutein can affect immune responses and inflammation. Lutein diminishes the expression of various ocular inflammation models including endotoxin induced uveitis, laser induced choroidal neovascularization, streptozotocin induced diabetes and experimental retinal ischemia and reperfusion. In vitro studies show that lutein suppresses NF kappa-B activation as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Since AMD has features of a chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory response, attention to the exact role of lutein in this disease has shifted from a local effect in the eye towards a possible systemic anti-inflammatory function. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Parallel findings in age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's diseaseKyoko Ohno-Matsui
Volume 30, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 217-238
Age is a common risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Because of the increasing age of the population, these two age-related diseases have recently received a great deal of attention. In addition to age as a risk factor, AD and AMD have many characteristics in common. An important characteristic common to both diseases is the presence of amyloid β (Aβ) in the senile plaques of the AD brain and in the drusen of AMD patients. We have focused on the role of Aβ as a key regulator of the progression from drusen to AMD, and our results have shown that Aβ causes an imbalance of angiogenesis-related factors in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Mice that lack the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin develop RPE degeneration, and the sub-RPE deposits that are formed have features similar to those of AMD in humans. These data suggest that a common pathogenic mechanism might exist between AMD and AD. Thus, therapeutic approaches that have targeted Aβ in patients with AD can also be applied to AMD. In this review, we summarise recent findings on the shared characteristics and perspectives between AMD and AD, beginning with the mechanism of Aβ deposition and including a discussion of Aβ-targeted therapeutic approaches for both AD and AMD. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditionsIngeborg Klaassen | Cornelis J F Van Noorden | Reinier O. Schlingemann
Volume 34, Issue , May 2013, Pages 19-48
Breakdown of the inner endothelial blood-retinal barrier (BRB), as occurs in diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis and other chronic retinal diseases, results in vasogenic edema and neural tissue damage, causing loss of vision. The central mechanism of altered BRB function is a change in the permeability characteristics of retinal endothelial cells caused by elevated levels of growth factors, cytokines, advanced glycation end products, inflammation, hyperglycemia and loss of pericytes. Subsequently, paracellular but also transcellular transport across the retinal vascular wall increases via opening of endothelial intercellular junctions and qualitative and quantitative changes in endothelial caveolar transcellular transport, respectively. Functional changes in pericytes and astrocytes, as well as structural changes in the composition of the endothelial glycocalyx and the basal lamina around BRB endothelium further facilitate BRB leakage. As Starling's rules apply, active transcellular transport of plasma proteins by the BRB endothelial cells causing increased interstitial osmotic pressure is probably the main factor in the formation of macular edema. The understanding of the complex cellular and molecular processes involved in BRB leakage has grown rapidly in recent years. Although appropriate animal models for human conditions like diabetic macular edema are lacking, these insights have provided tools for rational design of drugs aimed at restoring the BRB as well as for design of effective transport of drugs across the BRB, to treat the chronic retinal diseases such as diabetic macular edema that affect the quality-of-life of millions of patients. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Understanding uveitis: The impact of research on visual outcomesMarc D. de Smet | Simon R J Taylor | Bahram Bodaghi | Elisabetta Miserocchi | Philip I. Murray | Uwe Pleyer | Manfred Zierhut | Talin Barisani-Asenbauer | Phuc LeHoang | Sue Lightman
Volume 30, Issue 6, November 2011, Pages 452-470
The term uveitis encompasses a very diverse group of inflammatory ocular diseases that cause a significant burden of legal and economic blindness. Indeed, the socioeconomic impact of uveitis is at least as significant as that of diabetic retinopathy and, in the majority of cases, those affected are young individuals of working age. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process through the use of animal models, but correlation with human disease has proved elusive and many scientific approaches which appear highly effective in animal models prove to be less effective in patients. Nevertheless, effective, targeted treatments are needed in uveitis as current treatment is based on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs whose usefulness is limited by their many side-effects. The aims of this review are to summarize the state of clinical research in uveitis, to identify gaps in our knowledge, and to propose new opportunities and methodologies for future developments in all aspects of uveitis research, including epidemiology, economic impact analysis, diagnosis, therapeutics, and clinical study design. Optimal patient management and efficient drug development depend on validated structured tools, such as those that have helped to drive a rapid acceleration in the means and methods available to assess and treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Uveitis care should witness a similar boom as the issues discussed are resolved. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The Cone-specific visual cycleJin Shan Wang | Vladimir J. Kefalov
Volume 30, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 115-128
Cone photoreceptors mediate our daytime vision and function under bright and rapidly-changing light conditions. As their visual pigment is destroyed in the process of photoactivation, the continuous function of cones imposes the need for rapid recycling of their chromophore and regeneration of their pigment. The canonical retinoid visual cycle through the retinal pigment epithelium cells recycles chromophore and supplies it to both rods and cones. However, shortcomings of this pathway, including its slow rate and competition with rods for chromophore, have led to the suggestion that cones might use a separate mechanism for recycling of chromophore. In the past four decades biochemical studies have identified enzymatic activities consistent with recycling chromophore in the retinas of cone-dominant animals, such as chicken and ground squirrel. These studies have led to the hypothesis of a cone-specific retina visual cycle. The physiological relevance of these studies was controversial for a long time and evidence for the function of this visual cycle emerged only in very recent studies and will be the focus of this review. The retina visual cycle supplies chromophore and promotes pigment regeneration only in cones but not in rods. This pathway is independent of the pigment epithelium and instead involves the Müller cells in the retina, where chromophore is recycled and supplied selectively to cones. The rapid supply of chromophore through the retina visual cycle is critical for extending the dynamic range of cones to bright light and for their rapid dark adaptation following exposure to light. The importance of the retina visual cycle is emphasized also by its preservation through evolution as its function has now been demonstrated in species ranging from salamander to zebrafish, mouse, primate, and human. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography in the human eyeMichael Pircher | Christoph K. Hitzenberger | Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Volume 30, Issue 6, November 2011, Pages 431-451
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a well established imaging tool in ophthalmology. The unprecedented depth resolution that is provided by this technique yields valuable information on different ocular tissues ranging from the anterior to the posterior eye segment. Polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) extends the concept of OCT and utilizes the information that is carried by polarized light to obtain additional information on the tissue. Several structures in the eye (e.g. cornea, retinal nerve fiber layer, retinal pigment epithelium) alter the polarization state of the light and show therefore a tissue specific contrast in PS-OCT images. First this review outlines the basic concepts of polarization changing light-tissue interactions and gives a short introduction in PS-OCT instruments for ophthalmic imaging. In a second part a variety of different applications of this technique are presented in ocular imaging that are ranging from the anterior to the posterior eye segment. Finally the benefits of the method for imaging different diseases as, e.g., age related macula degeneration (AMD) or glaucoma is demonstrated. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiologyD. I. Flitcroft
Volume 31, Issue 6, November 2012, Pages 622-660
Myopia is the commonest ocular abnormality but as a research topic remains at the margins of mainstream ophthalmology. The concept that most myopes fall into the category of 'physiological myopia' undoubtedly contributes to this position. Yet detailed analysis of epidemiological data linking myopia with a range of ocular pathologies from glaucoma to retinal detachment demonstrates statistically significant disease association in the 0 to -6 D range of 'physiological myopia'. The calculated risks from myopia are comparable to those between hypertension, smoking and cardiovascular disease. In the case of myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment the risks are an order of magnitude greater. This finding highlights the potential benefits of interventions that can limit or prevent myopia progression.Our understanding of the regulatory processes that guide an eye to emmetropia and, conversely how the failure of such mechanisms can lead to refractive errors, is certainly incomplete but has grown enormously in the last few decades. Animal studies, observational clinical studies and more recently randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that the retinal image can influence the eye's growth. To date human intervention trials in myopia progression using optical means have had limited success but have been designed on the basis of simple hypotheses regarding the amount of defocus at the fovea.Recent animal studies, backed by observational clinical studies, have revealed that the mechanisms of optically guided eye growth are influenced by the retinal image across a wide area of the retina and not solely the fovea. Such results necessitate a fundamental shift in how refractive errors are defined. In the context of understanding eye growth a single sphero-cylindrical definition of foveal refraction is insufficient. Instead refractive error must be considered across the curved surface of the retina. This carries the consequence that local retinal image defocus can only be determined once the 3D structure of the viewed scene, off axis performance of the eye and eye shape has been accurately defined. This, in turn, introduces an under-appreciated level of complexity and interaction between the environment, ocular optics and eye shape that needs to be considered when planning and interpreting the results of clinical trials on myopia prevention. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
The susceptibility of the retina to photochemical damage from visible lightJennifer J. Hunter | Jessica I W Morgan | William H. Merigan | David H. Sliney | Janet R. Sparrow | David R. Williams
Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 28-42
The photoreceptor/RPE complex must maintain a delicate balance between maximizing the absorption of photons for vision and retinal image quality while simultaneously minimizing the risk of photodamage when exposed to bright light. We review the recent discovery of two new effects of light exposure on the photoreceptor/RPE complex in the context of current thinking about the causes of retinal phototoxicity. These effects are autofluorescence photobleaching in which exposure to bright light reduces lipofuscin autofluorescence and, at higher light levels, RPE disruption in which the pattern of autofluorescence is permanently altered following light exposure. Both effects occur following exposure to visible light at irradiances that were previously thought to be safe. Photopigment, retinoids involved in the visual cycle, and bisretinoids in lipofuscin have been implicated as possible photosensitizers for photochemical damage. The mechanism of RPE disruption may follow either of these paths. On the other hand, autofluorescence photobleaching is likely an indicator of photooxidation of lipofuscin. The permanent changes inherent in RPE disruption might require modification of the light safety standards. AF photobleaching recovers after several hours although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet clear. Understanding the mechanisms of phototoxicity is all the more important given the potential for increased susceptibility in the presence of ocular diseases that affect either the visual cycle and/or lipofuscin accumulation. In addition, knowledge of photochemical mechanisms can improve our understanding of some disease processes that may be influenced by light exposure, such as some forms of Leber's congenital amaurosis, and aid in the development of new therapies. Such treatment prior to intentional light exposures, as in ophthalmic examinations or surgeries, could provide an effective preventative strategy. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
CNTF and retinaRong Wen | Weng Tao | Yiwen Li | Paul A. Sieving
Volume 31, Issue 2, March 2012, Pages 136-151
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is one of the most studied neurotrophic factors for neuroprotection of the retina. A large body of evidence demonstrates that CNTF promotes rod photoreceptor survival in almost all animal models. Recent studies indicate that CNTF also promotes cone photoreceptor survival and cone outer segment regeneration in the degenerating retina and improves cone function in dogs with congenital achromotopsia. In addition, CNTF is a neuroprotective factor and an axogenesis factor for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This review focuses on the effects of exogenous CNTF on photoreceptors and RGCs in the mammalian retina and the potential clinical application of CNTF for retinal degenerative diseases. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Estimating prognosis for survival after treatment of choroidal melanomaBertil Damato | Antonio Eleuteri | Azzam F G Taktak | Sarah E. Coupland
Volume 30, Issue 5, September 2011, Pages 285-295
Choroidal melanoma is fatal in about 50% of patients. This is because of metastatic disease, which usually involves the liver. Kaplan-Meier survival curves based only on tumor size and extent do not give a true indication of prognosis. This is because the survival prognosis of choroidal melanoma correlates not only with clinical stage but also with histologic grade, genetic type, and competing causes of death. We have developed an online tool that predicts survival using all these data also taking normal life-expectancy into account. The estimated prognosis is accurate enough to be relevant to individual patients. Such personalized prognostication improves the well-being of patients having an excellent survival probability, not least because it spares them from unnecessary screening tests. Such screening can be targeted at high-risk patients, so that metastases are detected sooner, thereby enhancing any opportunities for treatment. Concerns about psychological harm have proved exaggerated. At least in Britain, patients want to know their prognosis, even if this is poor. The ability to select patients with a high risk of metastasis improves prospects for randomised studies evaluating systemic adjuvant therapy aimed at preventing or delaying metastatic disease. Furthermore, categorization of tissue samples according to survival prognosis enables laboratory studies to be undertaken without waiting many years for survival to be measured. As a result of advances in histologic and genetic studies, biopsy techniques and statistics, prognostication has become established as a routine procedure in our clinical practice, thereby enhancing the care of patients with uveal melanoma. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Acute retinal arterial occlusive disordersSohan Singh Hayreh
Volume 30, Issue 5, September 2011, Pages 359-394
The initial section deals with basic sciences; among the various topics briefly discussed are the anatomical features of ophthalmic, central retinal and cilioretinal arteries which may play a role in acute retinal arterial ischemic disorders. Crucial information required in the management of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is the length of time the retina can survive following that. An experimental study shows that CRAO for 97. min produces no detectable permanent retinal damage but there is a progressive ischemic damage thereafter, and by 4. h the retina has suffered irreversible damage. In the clinical section, I discuss at length various controversies on acute retinal arterial ischemic disorders. Classification of acute retinal arterial ischemic disorders: These are of 4 types: CRAO, branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), cotton wool spots and amaurosis fugax. Both CRAO and BRAO further comprise multiple clinical entities. Contrary to the universal belief, pathogenetically, clinically and for management, CRAO is not one clinical entity but 4 distinct clinical entities - non-arteritic CRAO, non-arteritic CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing, arteritic CRAO associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and transient non-arteritic CRAO. Similarly, BRAO comprises permanent BRAO, transient BRAO and cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO), and the latter further consists of 3 distinct clinical entities - non-arteritic CLRAO alone, non-arteritic CLRAO associated with central retinal vein occlusion and arteritic CLRAO associated with GCA. Understanding these classifications is essential to comprehend fully various aspects of these disorders. Central retinal artery occlusion: The pathogeneses, clinical features and management of the various types of CRAO are discussed in detail. Contrary to the prevalent belief, spontaneous improvement in both visual acuity and visual fields does occur, mainly during the first 7 days. The incidence of spontaneous visual acuity improvement during the first 7 days differs significantly (p< 0.001) among the 4 types of CRAO; among them, in eyes with initial visual acuity of counting finger or worse, visual acuity improved, remained stable or deteriorated in non-arteritic CRAO in 22%, 66% and 12% respectively; in non-arteritic CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing in 67%, 33% and none respectively; and in transient non-arteritic CRAO in 82%, 18% and none respectively. Arteritic CRAO shows no change. Recent studies have shown that administration of local intra-arterial thrombolytic agent not only has no beneficial effect but also can be harmful. Prevalent multiple misconceptions on CRAO are discussed. Branch retinal artery occlusion: Pathogeneses, clinical features and management of various types of BRAO are discussed at length. The natural history of visual acuity outcome shows a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better in 89% of permanent BRAO cases, 100% of transient BRAO and 100% of non-arteritic CLRAO alone. Cotton wools spots: These are common, non-specific acute focal retinal ischemic lesions, seen in many retinopathies. Their pathogenesis and clinical features are discussed in detail. Amaurosis fugax: Its pathogenesis, clinical features and management are described. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Choroidal neovascularization in pathological myopiaKumari Neelam | Chiu Ming Gemmy Cheung | Kyoko Ohno-Matsui | Timothy Y Y Lai | Tien Y. Wong
Volume 31, Issue 5, September 2012, Pages 495-525
Myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The clinical and socioeconomic impact of myopic CNV in Asian countries is particularly significant due to rising trend in the prevalence and severity of pathological myopia. The exact pathogenesis of myopic CNV remains unclear and there is paucity of information with respect to incidence and risk factors for myopic CNV from prospective studies. Furthermore, there are no recognized measures that may prevent or delay the development of CNV in eyes with pathological myopia. Advances have been made in the diagnosis and characterization of myopic CNV over the years. Until recently, treatment modalities for myopic CNV were limited to thermal laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy with verteporfin, both these modalities primarily aim at prevention of further visual loss. In the last 5 years, inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been used successfully and may improve vision to some extent. Nevertheless, the long-term safety and efficacy of anti-VEGF agents remains unknown. Furthermore, the risk of developing chorioretinal atrophy remains the key factor in determining the final visual outcome. This review article summarizes the current literature on myopic CNV, highlighting new evolving diagnostic and treatment modalities, prognostic factors influencing visual outcome, and areas of future research. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Understanding glaucomatous damage: Anatomical and functional data from ocular hypertensive rodent retinasManuel Vidal-Sanz | Manuel Salinas-Navarro | Francisco M. Nadal-Nicolás | Luis Alarcón-Martínez | F. Javier Valiente-Soriano | Jaime Miralles de Imperial | Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros | Marta Agudo-Barriuso | Maria P. Villegas-Pérez
Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 1-27
Glaucoma, the second most common cause of blindness, is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, with a concomitant loss of the visual field. Although the exact pathogenesis of glaucoma is not completely understood, a critical risk factor is the elevation, above normal values, of the intraocular pressure. Consequently, deciphering the anatomical and functional changes occurring in the rodent retina as a result of ocular hypertension has potential value, as it may help elucidate the pathology of retinal ganglion cell degeneration induced by glaucoma in humans. This paper predominantly reviews the cumulative information from our laboratory's previous, recent and ongoing studies, and discusses the deleterious anatomical and functional effects of ocular hypertension on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in adult rodents. In adult rats and mice, perilimbar and episcleral vein photocauterization induces ocular hypertension, which in turn results in devastating damage of the RGC population. In wide triangular sectors, preferentially located in the dorsal retina, RGCs lose their retrograde axonal transport, first by a functional impairment and after by mechanical causes. This axonal damage affects up to 80% of the RGC population, and eventually causes their death, with somal and intra-retinal axonal degeneration that resembles that observed after optic nerve crush. Importantly, while ocular hypertension affects the RGC population, it spares non-RGC neurons located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. In addition, functional and morphological studies show permanent alterations of the inner and outer retinal layers, indicating that further to a crush-like injury of axon bundles in the optic nerve head there may by additional insults to the retina, perhaps of ischemic nature. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Pax6: A multi-level regulator of ocular developmentOhad Shaham | Yotam Menuchin | Chen Farhy | Ruth Ashery-Padan
Volume 31, Issue 5, September 2012, Pages 351-376
Eye development has been a paradigm for the study of organogenesis, from the demonstration of lens induction through epithelial tissue morphogenesis, to neuronal specification and differentiation. The transcription factor Pax6 has been shown to play a key role in each of these processes. Pax6 is required for initiation of developmental pathways, patterning of epithelial tissues, activation of tissue-specific genes and interaction with other regulatory pathways. Herein we examine the data accumulated over the last few decades from extensive analyses of biochemical modules and genetic manipulation of the Pax6 gene. Specifically, we describe the regulation of Pax6's expression pattern, the protein's DNA-binding properties, and its specific roles and mechanisms of action at all stages of lens and retinal development. Pax6 functions at multiple levels to integrate extracellular information and execute cell-intrinsic differentiation programs that culminate in the specification and differentiation of a distinct ocular lineage. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Light-emitting diodes (LED) for domestic lighting: Any risks for the eye?F. Behar-Cohen | C. Martinsons | F. Viénot | G. Zissis | A. Barlier-Salsi | J. P. Cesarini | O. Enouf | M. Garcia | S. Picaud | D. Attia
Volume 30, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 239-257
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are taking an increasing place in the market of domestic lighting because they produce light with low energy consumption. In the EU, by 2016, no traditional incandescent light sources will be available and LEDs may become the major domestic light sources. Due to specific spectral and energetic characteristics of white LEDs as compared to other domestic light sources, some concerns have been raised regarding their safety for human health and particularly potential harmful risks for the eye. To conduct a health risk assessment on systems using LEDs, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), a public body reporting to the French Ministers for ecology, for health and for employment, has organized a task group. This group consisted physicists, lighting and metrology specialists, retinal biologist and ophthalmologist who have worked together for a year. Part of this work has comprised the evaluation of group risks of different white LEDs commercialized on the French market, according to the standards and found that some of these lights belonged to the group risk 1 or 2.This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the potential risks of white LEDs, taking into account pre-clinical knowledge as well as epidemiologic studies and reports the French Agency's recommendations to avoid potential retinal hazards. © 2011.
Cellular responses following retinal injuries and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseasesNicolás Cuenca | Laura Fernández-Sánchez | Laura Campello | Victoria Maneu | Pedro De la Villa | Pedro Lax | Isabel Pinilla
Volume 43, Issue , January 2014, Pages 17-75
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and pathogenesis. However, at the cellular and molecular level, the response to retinal injury is similar in all of them, and results in morphological and functional impairment of retinal cells. This retinal degeneration may be triggered by gene defects, increased intraocular pressure, high levels of blood glucose, other types of stress or aging, but they all frequently induce a set of cell signals that lead to well-established and similar morphological and functional changes, including controlled cell death and retinal remodeling. Interestingly, an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways are common features in all these diseases. Furthermore, it is important to note the relevant role of glial cells, including astrocytes, Müller cells and microglia, because their response to injury is decisive for maintaining the health of the retina or its degeneration. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to preserve retinal function or restore eyesight in pathological conditions. In this context, neuroprotective compounds, gene therapy, cell transplantation or artificial devices should be applied at the appropriate stage of retinal degeneration to obtain successful results. This review provides an overview of the common and distinctive features of retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including the molecular, anatomical and functional changes caused by the cellular response to damage, in order to establish appropriate treatments for these pathologies.
Amblyopia and binocular visionEileen E. Birch
Volume 33, Issue 1, March 2013, Pages 67-84
Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular visual loss in children, affecting 1.3%-3.6% of children. Current treatments are effective in reducing the visual acuity deficit but many amblyopic individuals are left with residual visual acuity deficits, ocular motor abnormalities, deficient fine motor skills, and risk for recurrent amblyopia. Using a combination of psychophysical, electrophysiological, imaging, risk factor analysis, and fine motor skill assessment, the primary role of binocular dysfunction in the genesis of amblyopia and the constellation of visual and motor deficits that accompany the visual acuity deficit has been identified. These findings motivated us to evaluate a new, binocular approach to amblyopia treatment with the goals of reducing or eliminating residual and recurrent amblyopia and of improving the deficient ocular motor function and fine motor skills that accompany amblyopia. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Critical pathogenic events underlying progression of neurodegeneration in glaucomaDavid J. Calkins
Volume 31, Issue 6, November 2012, Pages 702-719
Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors early in progression. One reason may be because the axon is generally thin for both its unmyelinated and myelinated segment and much longer than the thicker unmyelinated axons of other excitatory retinal neurons. This difference may predispose the axon to metabolic and oxidative injury, especially at distal sites where pre-synaptic terminals form connections in the brain. This idea is consistent with observations of early loss of anterograde transport at central targets and other signs of distal axonopathy that accompany physiological indicators of progression. Outright degeneration of the optic projection ensues after a critical period and, at least in animal models, is highly sensitive to cumulative exposure to elevated pressure in the eye. Stress emanating from the optic nerve head can induce not only distal axonopathy with aspects of dying back neuropathy, but also Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerve and tract and a proximal program involving synaptic and dendritic pruning in the retina. Balance between progressive and acute mechanisms likely varies with the level of stress placed on the unmyelinated axon as it traverses the nerve head, with more acute insult pushing the system toward quicker disassembly. A constellation of signaling factors likely contribute to the transduction of stress to the axon, so that degenerative events along the length of the optic projection progress in retinotopic fashion. This pattern leads to well-defined sectors of functional depletion, even at distal-most sites in the pathway. While ganglion cell somatic drop-out is later in progression, some evidence suggests that synaptic and dendritic pruning in the retina may be a more dynamic process. Structural persistence both in the retina and in central projection sites offers the possibility that intrinsic self-repair pathways counter pathogenic mechanisms to delay as long as possible outright loss of tissue. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Ocular surface immunity: Homeostatic mechanisms and their disruption in dry eye diseaseStefano Barabino | Yihe Chen | Sunil Chauhan | Reza Dana
Volume 31, Issue 3, May 2012, Pages 271-285
The tear film, lacrimal glands, corneal and conjunctival epithelia and Meibomian glands work together as a lacrimal functional unit (LFU) to preserve the integrity and function of the ocular surface. The integrity of this unit is necessary for the health and normal function of the eye and visual system. Nervous connections and systemic hormones are well known factors that maintain the homeostasis of the ocular surface. They control the response to internal and external stimuli. Our and others' studies show that immunological mechanisms also play a pivotal role in regulating the ocular surface environment. Our studies demonstrate how anti-inflammatory factors such as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in corneal cells, immature corneal resident antigen-presenting cells, and regulatory T cells play an active role in protecting the ocular surface.Dry eye disease (DED) affects millions of people worldwide and negatively influences the quality of life for patients. In its most severe forms, DED may lead to blindness. The etiology and pathogenesis of DED remain largely unclear. Nonetheless, in this review we summarize the role of the disruption of afferent and efferent immunoregulatory mechanisms that are responsible for the chronicity of the disease, its symptoms, and its clinical signs. We illustrate current anti-inflammatory treatments for DED and propose that prevention of the disruption of immunoregulatory mechanisms may represent a promising therapeutic strategy towards controlling ocular surface inflammation. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.


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As the MLB regular season begins to die down, the inevitable debates about who should win what awards begin to heat up. This year, like many before it, we have arguments on our hands for just about everything.
These next eight slides should help clear up the landscape for the six most coveted awards: MVPs, Cy Young Awards, Managers of the Year and Rookies of the Year. All statistics are accurate as of September 21, 2011.


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Skip to comments.Justice's wife launches 'tea party' group
Posted on 03/14/2010 12:21:09 AM PST by thecodont
Reporting from Washington As Virginia Thomas tells it in her soft-spoken, Midwestern cadence, the story of her involvement in the "tea party" movement is the tale of an average citizen in action.
"I am an ordinary citizen from Omaha, Neb., who just may have the chance to preserve liberty along with you and other people like you," she said at a recent panel discussion with tea party leaders in Washington. Thomas went on to count herself among those energized into action by President Obama's "hard-left agenda."
But Thomas is no ordinary activist.
She is the wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, and she has launched a tea-party-linked group that could test the traditional notions of political impartiality for the court.
(Excerpt) Read more at latimes.com ...
>>Excuse me ..??
You're excused.
The Tea Party receives no benefit from association with, or endorsement from, the Wacko Apologists of Davie Koresh and Co.
The American Tea Party was about removing this Republic from the grasp of religious tyrants who benefited from pretending they were in control; NOT about sanctioning religious tyrants who build militias and walls - behind which to molest children.
>>Youre a loon.
So says the Wacko Apologist for David Koresh.
Bomb any Evile Federalists lately, nana?
Are you drunk?
BTW, You made a very wrong turn when you ended up on FR. Do a little research on the origins of FreeRepublic and Mr. Robinson's opinions about Waco. You're out of your element.
What? You've been lurking for years waiting for an opportunity to show your HTML skills that you can't use on YouTube?
[BTW, You made a very wrong turn when you ended up on FR. Do a little research on the origins of FreeRepublic and Mr. Robinsons opinions about Waco. Youre out of your element.]
I'm quite aware of JimRob's opinions about Waco - and I generally agree with him.
Unlike you, however, he's evidently not a cheerleader and apologist for the CULT of Child-molester David Koresh.
Well, since I have never said or done a thing that any logical human could possibly construe as "cheerleading" for a child molester (which, BTW I happen to have been the victim of one, once) I'm going to stick with my guess that you're not of rational mind. Good-bye.
I think it would be more correct to say that it is Virginia Thomas' answer to her husband being dissed by the Long Legged Mack Daddy. She's a pretty fiery lady as I understand it.
Along with a sharp tongue and claws. In a Good Way of course. ;)
"I adore all the new citizen patriots who are rising up across this country," Thomas, who goes by Ginni, said on the panel at the Conservative Political Action Conference. "I have felt called to the front lines with you, with my fellow citizens, to preserve what made America great."
Wow. I was at CPAC and I'm pretty sure I saw/heard this entire panel:
Thursday, February 18th, 11:45AM:
"Saving Freedom One Patriot at a Time" - Marriott Ballroom
Ginni Thomas, LibertyCentral.org
Dana Loesch, St. Louis Tea Party
John O'Hara, author of A New American Tea Party
Jenny Beth Martin, Tea Party Patriots
Moderator: Andrew Moylan, National Taxpayers Union
I had no idea that "Ginni Thomas" was Virginia Thomas, Justice Clarence Thomas' wife!
Thanks for the heads up on this one, ExTexasRedhead and hoosiermama.
She is another Dick Armey. I wonder how many factions we can have?
Hmmm... e-mail that to the LA Slimes... I'd be interested in their reply. ;-)
I am a huge admirer of Justice Thomas. However, I am going to wait and see what Mrs. Thomas does with Liberty Central, when she launches it in May. I noticed, from the article, that she is "intrigued" by Glenn Beck. Yikes:-)
Prior to the raid, the state of Texas investigated, and found no child abuse. But be that as it may, I don't believe it's within the scope of the BATF's responsibilities to enforce the state laws against child molestation. It was not a factor in the initial raid. Nor is the FBI, their involvement was as "cleanup detail" when the BATFers screwed the pooch. The child abuse accusations were a convenient justification for the final assault.
In reality, Waco was about guns, not religion or child abuse, although the latter two did play a role. They were wackos, but wackos have rights too.
Agreed. I bet she mixes a mean martini too.
If you have not read Justice Thomas' book "My GrandFather's Son", it is a must read.
Worse, he is a uninformed and ignorant jerk. Besides that, he's wrong on many, many counts.
>>They were wackos, but wackos have rights too.
The whole debacle is a good example of why LAW, not fear and the exploitation (religious and otherwise) of fear, should govern the Republic.
God bless and keep Clarence and Virginia Thomas.
I was only upset about your saying: "Go to Hell"
And .. you're making it a 3rd world war.
Get lost yourself!!!!
Good for Virginia!
>>Get lost yourself!!!!
No, I like where I am.
I'm quite pleased Mrs. Thomas has become a Tea Partier.
Seems to me her Anti-Cult history is a plus that will lend credibility to a movement sometimes criticized by its enemies as a harbinger of Racists and Religious Wackos.
Furthermore, her legal affiliations reinforce the fact the Tea Party movement's intent is restoration of the Republic, a system of Government characterized by the Rule of LAW - and NOT intent upon furthering the agenda of a few Anarchic Goooberment (Republic)-hating religious secessionist wing-nuts.
good for her....she looks warmer than during confirmation days when she looked kinda hardbitten
Thomas looks like he should be an actor...boy, he has to take a lot of crap
I've only disagree with him once.
Don't forget about Judge Marjorie Rendell (U.S. 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals), whose husband happens to be the Democrat governor of Pa., Ed Rendell.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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He was born at 7:19 pm 7lbs...
Hello, I want to invite you to join a local Mom's Group for Working & Stay-At-Home Moms called "St Pete Working Moms" at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/StPeteWorkingMoms/
my little boy is 3 months too! where in tampa are you im near mcdill afb!
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