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Future Legal Mind is a national award for UK-resident students, set up by National Accident Helpline to recognise young legal talent.
The award, now an annual scheme following its successful launch in 2014, aims to identify the next generation of high fliers in the legal world, offering law students the opportunity to win £5,000 towards their studies and a coveted work experience placement.
This year's winners have now been announced. Visit our Future Legal Mind 2016 page to find out more
Entry to the award is by submission of an essay, and is open to all permanent UK residents studying for an undergraduate law degree, CILEX qualification or law conversion course (GDL or CPE). You can register your interest in entering Future Legal Mind 2017 below. We'll let you know when entry opens in the autumn of 2016.
Our 2016 prizes were:
1st prize: £5,000 and a work experience placement
2nd prize: £2,000
Runners-up prizes: £250 each
Simon Trott, Managing Director of National Accident Helpline and chair of judges, says:
"Future Legal Mind is a great opportunity for law students to gain an invaluable boost to their chances of breaking into the legal profession. National Accident Helpline believes that it is crucial to have a steady pipeline of the best talent entering the legal system to ensure that people continue to have access to justice. It's been heartening to see the positive impact last year's award had on our winners, and we are excited to be offering this chance to a new group of students in 2016 ."
Meet the 2016 judges
Jonathan White
NAH Legal Director Jonathan joined National Accident Helpline in 2010. He guided NAH through LASPO and is responsible for public affairs and legal compliance. He heads NAH's audit and consultancy functions, working with law firms and commercial partners in managing service delivery and product development including after the event insurance. Jonathan participated in the government's Insurance Fraud Taskforce personal injury workstream in 2015. Prior to joining NAH, Jonathan spent 11 years as a claimant personal injury solicitor at Harvey Ingram LLP where he was a member of the Law Society Personal Panel and an APIL senior litigator.
Richard Simmons
Richard is editor of Lawyer 2B, the leading dedicated magazine and website for aspiring lawyers, solicitors and barristers. He has previously worked for the Chambers Student Guide and for a leading good university publication.
Janet Tilley
Janet Tilley is Director of Volume Services at Simpson Millar and one of Colemans-ctts' founding partners. She has a wide range of expertise and experience within the personal injury claims market. She is a former member of the Civil Justice Council, former chair of The Motor Accidents Solicitors Society (MASS), Consultant to National Accident Helpline (NAH) and Alternate Director of Portal Company. Janet's vision of the future and her legal expertise, experience and passion have resulted in the creation of the Legal Processing Centre (LPC) which delivers market leading efficiency and quality to consumers through the use of efficient processing.
Professor Gary Slapper
Professor Slapper is Global Professor of Law at New York University and director of NYU London, the university's UK campus. A leader in legal academia, Professor Slapper has also written over 20 books, including 15 editions of The English Legal System and Weird Cases, a collection taken from his regular column at The Times. His ongoing dedication to representing law in the world of arts and culture has also led him to become a major legal consultant for the BBC.


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The nuclear family and its traditional gender roles have always been a target of radicals. In the 19th century, Karl Marx called for the abolition of the family. Karl Marx and his partner Friedrich Engels understood how important the family is in creating liberty, civil order, and smaller government; that's why they called for its destruction. When Communists took power in Russia in the early 20th century, they tried to carry out Marx's wishes. The new Soviet government thought the "worker's paradise" they were supposedly creating would take away any need for families. The government could take care of children and the elderly. Women wouldn't need men, either, because everyone would be dependent on the government. We know now that these ideas didn't work.
Most modern-day feminists do not wear the label "Marxist," but some had Communist training in their younger days, and many share Marx's hatred for the nuclear family and woman's place in it. Feminists mock the idea that any woman would choose to stay home and raise her own children. Feminists seek to erase differences between men and women in every part of life, from the legal to the biological. In the 1970s, before Ruth Bader Ginsburg was on the U.S. Supreme Court, she wrote that our laws needed a complete overhaul to get rid of the notion that men are the primary breadwinners and their wives took care of the children. Instead of equality, the feminists promote a rule of interchangeability of the genders. But sensible people know that there are many differences between male and female that cannot be erased by just passing laws.
Listen to the radio commentary here:

subset: commoncrawl


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Dolans Elated With Indians Reaching World Series Vegas NHL President Takes On Unique Task NBA Kings Buy Controlling Interest In D-League Affiliate Sources: Mark Davis To File Vegas Papers In January Raiders' Davis Earns Respect Of Other Owners Bon Jovi Dispels Rumors He Wants To Buy Titans Senators Struggling With Early Season Attendance Barclays Center Using VR To Sell Islanders Tickets Franchise Notes Oakland Doesn't Need To Match Raiders Stadium Offer
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Preds Waive Early Termination Rights, Will Stay Put Until '12
Published March 15, 2010
|Predators Will Remain In Nashville
For At Least Two More Years
The Predators will remain in Nashville "for at least two more years" after the team's ownership group Friday said that it has "reached an agreement with the Metro Sports Authority, which serves as the city's landlord at Bridgestone Arena," according to Nate Rau of the Nashville TENNESSEAN. The team largely agreed to Sports Authority board member Lauren Brisky's recommendations, "most notably that the ownership group would waive its early termination clause through June 2012." The team "could have left Nashville as early as May 1." In addition to "agreeing not to enact the early termination clause, the remaining members of the local ownership group also agreed to sign pledges to cover" Majority Owner David Freeman's $31.2M personal guarantee to the city. Rau notes the Predators and the Sports Authority "had been in negotiations in recent months to address a $3.3[M] federal tax lien against" Freeman. Predators Chair Tom Cigarran Friday "pledged that the new ownership group would not be back in front of the Sports Authority for financial concerns any time soon." Cigarran: "We're continuing to fund the team, put more money into the team. We want this team to be here for a long time" (Nashville TENNESSEAN, 3/13).
EXTENDING THEIR STAY: In Hamilton, Garry McKay noted the AHL Hamilton Bulldogs Friday "exercised their final three-year option to stay" at Copps Coliseum. The Bulldogs last year "faced the prospect of being kicked out of Copps" if RIM co-CEO Jim Balsillie "had been successful in buying the Phoenix Coyotes and moving them" to Hamilton. Bulldogs Owner Michael Andlauer "reaffirmed that the club wouldn't stand in the way of an NHL team coming" to Hamilton, but "pointed out he also had to be fair to the American Hockey League once the Dogs have committed to play, and a schedule has been drawn up" (Hamilton SPECTATOR, 3/13).


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Western Digital Reworks Enterprise Lineup, Launches 8TB Gold Datacenter HDD
Subject: Storage | April 19, 2016 - 08:00 AM | Allyn Malventano
Tagged: Xe, western digital, wdc, WD, se, RE, Media Cache, hgst, HelioSeal, gold, 8TB
Western Digital rolled out their Se / Re / Xe branding back in mid-2013. Since that time, a lot has changed in the rapidly evolving enterprise storage industry. SSDs are encroaching into more of the data center rack space out there, and the need for small capacity 10k and 15k RPM drives is dropping substantially in favor of more power efficient (in power and capacity per dollar), larger spinning disks.
With these winds of change comes today's announcement from Western Digital:
The new Gold lineup appears to be a merging of old and new product lines. The 6TB and below Re series are essentially being absorbed under the new Gold label, but 6TB will no longer be the top capacity offered to WD enterprise customers. A new 8TB capacity will be offered in the form of a HelioSeal drive. The 8TB model will share more parts with the HGST He8 than WD's previously released 8TB Red, including HGST's Media Cache architecture, which should yield a nice boost to sustained random write performance over drives lacking this technology.
The press release does not state this, but I suspect WD will be phasing out their Se and Xe product lines over the coming months in favor of Helium-filled drives of the 5400 (Red) and 7200 (Gold) RPM variety. Fewer lines to manage should help them tighten things up a bit and reduce costs even further over time.
We'll be reviewing the new 8TB Gold just as soon as samples arrive for testing, so stay tuned!
Full press blast appears after the break.
Sony's Optical Disc Archive Storage Reaches 3.3 TB
Subject: Storage | April 18, 2016 - 12:32 PM | Sebastian Peak
Tagged: storage, sony, optical disc archive, optical disc, ODA, hard drives, backup, Archival
Sony has developed a higher-capacity version of their Optical Disc Archive (ODA), which now allows up to 3.3 TB of archival storage with the promise of 100-year retention.
Sony ODS-D280U (Image credit: Sony via Computer Base)
Of course the viability of such a system in the next century is unknown, and a working cartridge (which is similar to the multi-CD systems found in cars a few years ago) would be needed to access the data. The idea is certainly interesting considering the potential for failure with traditional hard drives, though hard drives are relatively inexpensive and offer more utility, unlike the write-once Sony ODA cartridges.
Cartridge exploded view (Image credit: Sony via Computer Base)
For those seeking pure read-only archival storage, the higher capacity of the second-generation Sony ODA at least brings it closer to parity with current hard drive storage.
IDF Shenzhen: Intel Demos 3D XPoint Optane File Copy at 2 GB/s
Subject: Storage | April 14, 2016 - 03:56 PM | Allyn Malventano
Tagged: Optane, NVMe, Intel, idf
At IDF Shenzhen, Intel talked more about 3D XPoint (spoken cross-point). Initially launched in July of last year, 3D XPoint is essentially a form of phase change memory which has speeds closer to that of DRAM.
It can be addressed at the byte level, unlike flash which transfers in pages (~8KB) and erases in blocks (~6MB). There have been a few demos since the initial launch, and this morning there was another:
It is great to see XPoint / Optane technology being demonstrated again, but as far as demos go, this was not the best / fairest example that Intel could have put together. First of all, the 'NAND SSD' they are using is a Thunderbolt 3 connected external, which was clearly bottlenecked badly somewhere else in the chain (when was the last time you saw a 6 Gbit SATA SSD limited to only 283 MB/s?). Also, using SATA for the NAND example while using PCIe x4 NVMe for the Optane example seems a bit extreme to me.
The Optane side of the demo is seen going 1.94 GB/s. That is an impressive figure for sure, but it is important to note that a faster Intel 'NAND SSD' product has already been shipping for over a year:
Yes, the P3700 (reviewed by us here), can reach the speeds seen in this demo, as evidenced by this ATTO run on one of our 1.6TB samples:
Looking at the P3700 specs, we can see that the 2TB model performs even better and would likely beat the Optane SSD used in today's demo:
Further, in the IDF 2015 demo (where they launched the Optane brand), Intel showed off Optane's random IO performance:
This demo showed 464,300 4K random IOPS, and if you do the math, that works out to 1.9 GB/s *worth of random IO*, which is far more impressive than sequentials that basically match that of the current generation NVMe product of the same form factor and interface.
I'm still happy to see these demos happen, as it means we are absolutely going to see 3D XPoint in our hands sooner than later. That said, I'd also like to see demos that better demonstrate the strengths of the technology, because if today's demo was comparing apples to apples, it would have shown a P3700 matching the speed of Optane, which does not make the previously stated 1000x speed improvement nearly as obvious as it should be presented.
SanDisk's X400 series brings security as well as a more efficient controller
Subject: Storage | April 13, 2016 - 05:18 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: sandisk, x400, tlc, M.2 SATA, 88SS1074-BSW2
SanDisk have updated their SSD lineup with the X400 family, available in sizes of 128GB, 256GB, 512GB and 1TB all of which are available in 2.5" and M.2 form factors. They have continued their tradition of adding a small SLC flash cache to the drive, with the majority of storage being TLC. Inside you will find Marvell's 88SS1074-BSW2 four channel controller and 256MB of DDR3L-1600 and as you can see, a lot of extra space. SanDisk also united their SSDs lines in the 400, with 256-bit AES on these drives there is unlikely to be a new generation of the 300s. Check out KitGuru for the full performance numbers of this consumer level SSD.
"The X400 family features SanDisk's 6th generation 15nm Triple Level Cell TLC NAND and just like the previous X300 uses SanDisk's nCache technology where some of the NAND runs in SLC mode to bolster performance."
Here are some more Storage reviews from around the web:
- Mushkin TRIACTOR 480GB SSD Review @ NikKTech
- ADATA XPG SX930 240GB @ Modders-Inc
- Synology DiskStation DS716+ NAS Review @ OCC
- WD My Cloud EX4 8TB NAS Server Review @ NikKTech
Micron and Intel Launch a Wave of Enterprise Storage Products
Subject: Storage | April 12, 2016 - 11:30 AM | Allyn Malventano
Tagged: vmware, ssd, S600DC, S3100, P3520, P3320, Nexenta, micron, Intel, D3700, D3600, Ceph, 9100, 7100, 5410s, 540s, 5400s
There has been a lot of recent shuffling about in the world of enterprise storage. I'm writing up this post from a Micron product launch event in Austin, Texas. Today they are launching a round of enterprise SSD products. These lines cover the full storage gamut from M.2 to U.2 to HHHL. While prior Micron SSDs were bottlenecked by AHCI and PCIe 2.0, these new lines are using Marvell controllers and are capable of PCIe 3.0 x4 speeds (plus NVMe).
The workhorse of the lineup is the 9100, which will be available in HHHL and U.2 2.5" 15mm form factors.
Lighter workloads are handled by the 7100 series, which is available in U.2 2.5" 7mm and M.2 22110. The slower serial bus remains covered by their S600DC SAS SSDs.
Micron is not the only company pushing further into this space. Less than two weeks ago, Intel ran their 'Cloud Day' event, where they launched a new Xeon CPU and a plethora of new SSDs, some of which were based on IMFT 3D NAND tech (SSD DC P3320). Intel also launched the client 540s and business 5400s product lines, which are based on Silicon Motion SM2256 controllers driving SK Hynix hybrid (SLC+TLC) flash. While these controllers and flash are coming from external sources, they must still pass Intel's rigorous qualification and compatibility validation testing, so failure rates should be kept to a minimum.
Another aspect of this Micron launch day is their push into the production of not only SSDs, but all-flash storage devices. Dubbed 'Micron Accelerated Solutions', these are devices built, serviced, and supported by Micron. They naturally contain Micron SSDs, but also draw on other vendors like Supermicro and Nexenta. The products range from VMware SANs, to Ceph solutions capable of 1 million IOPS and 140 Gbps, to software-defined storage. I'll be sitting through briefings and asking questions about these products when this post is set to go live, and I will update this space with any additional juicy tidbits once we wrap up for the day.
Apparently we are going to see consumer IMFT 3D TLC NAND *this month* in the form of a Crucial MX300!
...and in a couple of months we will see Crucial M.2 PCIe SSDs:
There was also some discussion on XPoint (spoken 'cross point') and where Micron sees this new storage being implemented. Expected to see scaled production in 2017 and 2018, XPoint is non-volatile (like flash) but extremely fast (like DRAM). There was not much said beyond generalities, but they did have a wafer, and you know I love die shots:
I was not permitted to get a better die shot of the wafer at this event, as the Micron rep specifically requested that journalists only use photos that were shot from stage distance. Fortunately, this was not the only event where I have photographed a XPoint wafer. Here is a photo I caught at a prior event:
**End update**
Here is a quick breakdown of the products launched by both Intel and Micron over the last two weeks:
- SSD DC P3520 and P3320
- First SSDs to use 256Gbit/die 32-layer IMFT 3D NAND.
- PCIe 3.0 x4 HHHL and 2.5" U.2
- SSD DC D3700 and D3600
- PCIe 3.0 x4 2.5" U.2 dual-port design.
- Dual-port means two hosts can access a single SSD through the use of a special backplane that merges the PCIe lanes from two separate systems into a single U.2 connector. This is a move for increased redundancy, as one system can fail and the same flash storage will still be available to the failover system.
- PCIe 3.0 x4 2.5" U.2 dual-port design.
- SATA 2.5" SLC+TLC hybrid for enterprise
- Intended for boot OS / caching / index storage duties
- SATA 2.5" SLC+TLC hybrid for enterprise
- SSD 540s and Pro 5400s
- Silicon Motion SM2256 + SK Hynix SLC+TLC hybrid flash
- Pro 5200s adds Intel vPro / OPAL 2.0 and Microsoft eDrive support
- SSD E 5400s and E 5410s
- Silicon Motion SM2256 + SK Hynix flash
- Small capacity M.2 2280 and 2.5" SATA
- 9100 PCIe SSD
- PCIe 3.0 x4 HHHL and 2.5" U.2 15mm
- Up to 3.2TB capacity
- 7100 PCIe SSD
- PCIe 3.0 x4 M.2 22110 and 2.5" U.2 7mm
- Micron Accelerated Solutions
- VMware
- Supermicro
- Nexenta
That's a whole lot of flash related product launches in a very short period of time. I'm excited to see large pushes into the enterprise because that means we will see this tech trickle down to consumers and power users that much sooner!
The Micron NVMe press release was a bit light on details, so I've included their Accelerated Solutions release after the break.
Adata's XPG SX930, JMicron on the outside, Micron on the inside
Subject: Storage | March 31, 2016 - 03:10 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: adata, XPG SX930, JMF670H, mlc
Now that Adata's XPG SX930 240GB SSD has been out for a while it is worth revisiting for enthusiasts on a budget. It is currently $80 on Amazon, short of Ryan's pricing goals as it is just over $0.33/GB but still an attractive price for a drive with JMicron's JMF670H controller. Also worth noting is the lifespan of the drive, when The Tech Report reached out to ADATA they were told it was 280TB, more than enough for most users. Check out their review to see how it performs as there are many drives only $30-40 more that have very impressive performance, such as the Trion and 850 EVO.
"Adata's XPG SX930 combines a JMicron controller and Micron MLC flash into an enthusiast-oriented 240GB SSD. We put it to the test to see whether it's worth its cost of admission."
Here are some more Storage reviews from around the web:
- Samsung 850 EVO With 3rd Gen 48 Layer V-NAND @ The SSD Review
- Seagate Enterprise Capacity 3.5 HDD V5 8TB SATA III Review @ NikKTech
- Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) 6.0 @ eTeknix
- Mushkin IMPACT 256GB USB 3.0 Flash Drive Review @ NikKTech
- Kingston MobileLite Wireless G3 and Mobile Wireless Pro 64GB Review @ OCC
Synology Launches Portable DS416slim 4-Bay 2.5" Drive NAS
Subject: Storage | March 31, 2016 - 02:03 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: synology, SOHO, network storage, NAS, media streaming, DSM, ds416slim
Synology recently revealed a new small and lightweight NAS for home and small business users. The DS416slim is a small networked attached storage device that uses up to four 2.5" SATA drives to offer up to 8TB of storage that can be used for backups, media streaming, file synchronization, and offsite storage thanks to its dual core ARM processor and DiskStation Manager 6.0 operating system.
This new NAS is fairly compact at 7.24" x 6.61" x 9.05" (18.4cm x 16.8cm x 23cm) and weighing just over one and a half pounds (700 grams). It is roughly rectangular with the front decked out in status LEDs and a single USB 3.0 port. The laptop-sized hard drives (up to 12.5mm so basically any 2.5" SATA drive will work) are loaded vertically into the unit using snap-in drive trays that slide into the back. The back panel also holds dual Gigabit Ethernet ports and a second USB 3.0 port.
Interestingly, the DS416slim supports link aggregation as well as failover and load balance modes depending on your settings. Using link aggregation to connect to a Windows PC, Synology rates transfer speeds at up to 177 MB/s reads and 77 MB/s writes. Using a single Gigabit link the NAS can hit read speeds up to 112.77 MB/s.
With all four drives installed, users can choose from all the usual RAID suspects including RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10. Of course, single volumes and JBOD are also options with the total raw storage capacity being 8TB (4 x 2TB hard drives or solid state drives). A bottom-mounted removable 60mm fan module keeps the drives running cool and reportedly the Synology NAS has noise levels of 20.3 dBA.
Internally, the NAS is powered by a dual core Armada 385 processor clocked at 1.0 GHz with dedicated hardware encryption engine and 512 MB of DDR3 memory. The also recently released DSM 6.0 OS allows the NAS to be a backup destination for multiple PCs, a media server, file synchronization hub, and a source to sync files to all the various cloud storage providers for offsite backup. Synology's browser-accessed OS GUI also lets you add various services and features using downloadable applications to expand its out-of-the-box functionality (e.g. torrent box).
The front and rear USB 3.0 ports can be used to easily transfer data to or from external hard drives to make offsite backups easy. The DS416slim is interesting in that its small size makes it a nice portable option for video editors, photographers, or other small business users that need on site access to lots of fast file storage at various job sites. The use of laptop hard drives means that storage is going to be a bit more expensive per GB and not quite as fast, but the drives are built a bit more robustly when it comes to moving them around versus your standard desktop drive. I do wonder about the reliability versus 3.5-inch drives over time, but the difference is likely marginal today and the lower power usage is much more suited to SOHO NAS duties. I would like to see this decked out with RAIDed SSDs though!
Synology rates the laptop-drive inspired NAS at 17.17W during disk access and 11.63W power usage while the drives are hibernating.
The Synology DS416slim comes with a 2 year warranty and with be avaialable early next month and retail (without drives) for around $290 (Amazon lists it at $289+shipping though once more units are available I would expect it to drop a smidge in price).
As we were publishing our full review of the Western Digital Red 8TB, we noted something odd. While the street prices of the bare drives seemed to be a bit high ($333), the WD My Book was on sale for $250. Ryan happened to look them up and discovered that our local Best Buy actually had them available for store pick-up. Since the 8TB Red and My Book 8TB were launched simultaneously, and we were just provided early samples of the 8TB Reds last week, how could there already be 8TB Reds on the shelf just down the street? Could they have shipped some earlier form of the 8TB Red in the external My Book and continued tweaking their NASware algorithms / firmware prior to the Red launching? Our curiosity got the best of us, and we decided to find out.
Sebastian ran out to his local Best Buy and picked up a single WD My Book 8TB model, promptly took it home and ripped it open. I don't think he even plugged it in first. This is what he found:
Well, that's not a Red label, but it does say Western Digital, and it's clearly a HelioSeal housing (common to HGST He Series and WD Red 8TB). One thing that immediately stuck out to me was the model number. WD model numbers have a specific pattern (WD80EFZX), and that number above does *not* follow that pattern. The pattern it does follow, however, is that of the HGST He8 line:
Sebastian noted something else almost immediately. The label looked like it was on top of another one. Peeling this one back showed this pure white label:
…and peeling back *that* label gave us this:
Hello, Canadians! Interested in a Relatively Cheap 1TB SSD?
Subject: Storage | March 23, 2016 - 06:16 PM | Scott Michaud
Tagged: newegg, Mushkin, silicon motion, micron, ssd
Here's a brief post for our Canadian fans. If you have been interested in a decent, large SSD, then you might want to check out Newegg Canada. The Mushkin Enhanced Reactor 1TB is currently $100 off, which puts it at a price of $299.99 CDN plus tax and shipping. While 30c/GB might sound mundane to our neighbours to the south, the currency conversion works out to about 23c/GB USD.
Sure, it's not the fastest SSD on the market, but it's a solid, mainstream one. A 2TB version also exists, but you will be paying about $60 more than just getting two, 1TB SKUs. This version uses the Silicon Motion SM2246EN controller and Micron flash. We might end up with better or cheaper drives coming in the future, I have no idea, but this should be good for cheap, decent, and now.
Introduction and Specifications
Storage devices for personal computers have always been a tricky proposition. While the majority of computer parts are solid state, the computer industry has spent most of its life storing bits on electromechanical mechanical devices like tapes and floppy disks. Speaking relatively, it was only recently (less than a decade) that solid state storage became mainstream, and even today the costs of flash production make rotating media the better option for bulk data storage. Hard drives are typically vented to atmosphere, as the Bernoulli Effect is necessary as part of what keep the drive heads flying above the rotating platters. With any vented enclosure, there is always the risk of atmospheric contaminants finding their way in. Sure there are HEPA-class filters at the vent holes, but they can't stop organic vapors that may slightly degrade the disk surface over time.
By filling a hard disk with an inert gas and hermetically sealing the disk housing, we can eliminate those potential issues. An added bonus is that if Helium is used, its lower density enables lower air friction of the rotating platters, which translates to lower power consumption when compared to an equivalent air-filled HDD. Ever since HGST released their Helium filled drives, I've been waiting for this technology to trickle down to consumer products, and Western Digital has recently brought such a product to market. Today we will be diving into our full performance review of the Western Digital 8TB Red.
Specifications (source)
Compared to the 6TB Red, the 8TB model doubles its cache size to 128MB. We also see a slight bump in claimed transfer rates. Idle power consumption sees a slight bump due to different electronics in use, and power/capacity figures check out as well (more on that later as we will include detailed power testing in this article).
Continue reading our review of the 8TB Western Digital Red Helium-filled HDD!!
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Magazine journalist Niekawa's unbridaled passion cannot be stopped. It's raging as strong as ever. A foreigner who runs a sushi shop, the Awakusu organization, an information broker, the Headless Rider... He investigates the supposedly strongest man in Ikebukuro, Heiwajima Shizuo, by walking around the town and talking to people. However, he is suddenly attacked! But that wasn't the only tragedy that night...Auto-update my anime list NO Discuss this episode
Exit 1 / First Words
Highly Unpredictable
Rampant Evil
Utterly Alone
False Advertising
Active Interest
Bad-ass Dude
Ephemeral Dream
Love and Cherish
Never Before Seen
Storm and Stress
Yin and Yang
Takes a Sudden Turn
Turmoil Reigns
Even a stopped clock is right twice a day.
Mutual Love
Everything Changes
Out of Your Control
A New King Will Arise
Everything Covered in Fog
Declaration of Disbandment
Complicated and Confused
Selfless Devotion


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I can't believe none of you emailed to tell us that, at some point over the last six months, Adam Lambert here fell under the thrall of the Dark Lord and is now acting as his (extremely UNSUBTLE) emissary on earth. I mean, when he comes up to me at the Whole Foods at some point this summer and offers to trade me a particularly lovely clutch of organic radishes for my eternal soul or whatever, I'd be likely to turn him down ANYWAY, but a heads-up would have been nice.
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Landowners tell court: Exxon Mobil pipeline breached dealOctober 19, 2016 Updated: October 19, 2016 2:54pm
Photo: Jeannie Nuss, AP
ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — An attorney for landowners along a crude oil pipeline that ruptured in Arkansas in 2013 said Wednesday that Exxon Mobil Pipeline Co. breached its contract with his clients because the pipeline interferes with their ability to enjoy their property.
To continue reading this story, you will need to be a digital subscriber to HoustonChronicle.com.
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Brooklyn's largest central business district, the area has seen an influx of upscale development in both its business and residential sector since a 2004 rezoning paved the way for private and public investors to funnel millions into the construction of luxury apartments and transit improvements. Mega-developments like City Point and 340 Flatbush grow ever skyward, rivaling Manhattan's glassy towers, while traditional Brooklyn establishments like Borough Hall and Junior's Cheesecake remain stalwartly old school in their shadow.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 23, 2011
|Filing date
|Mar 10, 2009
|Priority date
|Apr 23, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Fredric Maxik
|Original Assignee
|Lighting Science Group Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (154), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (4), Classifications (22), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/565,268 titled "Improved Electronic Light Generating Element Light Bulb" and filed 23 Apr. 2004, the entire teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference. In addition, this application is related to U.S. patent application titled "Lighting Element Using Electronically Activated Light Emitting Elements And Method Of Making Same," U.S. patent application titled "light bulb having wide angle light dispersion and method of making same," and U.S. patent application titled "Light Bulb Having Surfaces For Reflecting Light Produced By Electronic Light Generating Sources," both filed on the same date hereof, the entire teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The principles of the present invention are generally directed to a light bulb, and more particularly, but not by limitation, to a light bulb using electronic light generating elements, such as LEDs, and having circuitry for over-driving the electronic light generating elements to produce a perceived higher amount of light.
2. Description of Related Art
Since the invention of the light bulb by Edison, light bulbs have become pervasive throughout society. Light bulbs have evolved for all sorts of uses as technology for generating light has developed. Initially, an incandescent light bulb that uses a metal filament placed inside a glass bulb forming a vacuum was developed. The incandescent light bulb operates by driving current through the filament to cause the filament to heat up and produce light. While the incandescent light bulb is effective in producing large amounts of light, these light bulbs are very inefficient in that a substantial portion of the energy used to generate the light is immediate converted into heat. The inefficient use of energy is expensive and the resulting heat is generally undesirable as it can cause an individual handling the lit light bulb to receive a burn injury, especially with higher wattage light bulbs. In applications where many incandescent light bulbs are used to illuminate an occupied space (e.g., casinos, malls, retail environments, work environments, etc.), additional cooling is needed to maintain a comfortable temperature for people within that setting due to the heat produced by the lighting. Another limitation of a conventional incandescent light bulb is its limited life span. The life span problem is particularly problematic in applications where the light bulb is not readily accessible, such as in high locations or in complex fixtures, and requires manual labor and/or machine support for changing the light bulb. For example, changing traffic light bulbs, particularly those suspended from wires or located at a higher elevation, is a particularly difficult and expensive task as it requires both labor and a specialized vehicle having a lift for raising someone to a height of the traffic light to change the light bulbs.
A light emitting device developed after the incandescent light bulb is a fluorescent light emitting device. Fluorescent light is generally produced by creating electric arcs inside a gas-rich tube to produce ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light is converted to visible light bypassing the ultraviolet light through a layer of phosphor on the inside of the glass tube to cause the phosphor to glow white. Fluorescent lights have traditionally been produced in tubes having an electrode at each end for creating the electric arcs within the gas filled tube. However, more recently, fluorescent light bulbs have been developed to be compatible with an Edison-based socket and shaped as a light bulb. While the fluorescent light bulb is an improvement of the incandescent light bulb in terms of having a longer life span, the use of the fluorescent light bulb is still commercially limited due to a number of factors, including: objectionable color, efficiency concerns, limited configurations, environmental concerns, and limited life spans.
More recently, solid-state light emitting devices have been developed for light bulbs and flashlights. One such solid-state light emitting device is a light emitting diode (LED). LEDs overcome many of the problems that are found in incandescent and fluorescent lighting systems. LEDs are more durable, do not require a glass vacuum, produce significantly lower heat than any non-solid state lighting devices, and, thus, have a longer life span. However, LEDs have certain limiting factors and, thus, have not been commercially viable for general purpose lighting. Such limitations include narrow illumination beam widths at higher efficiency outputs, ultra-narrow frequency bandwidths, and lower luminance output.
Light emitting diodes are solid-state devices and produce light when an electric current passes through the device and causes electrons to recombine with holes, thereby emitting photons at a PN junction of two differently doped substrates, one negatively charged (N-type substrate) and one positively charged (P-type substrate). When current is applied to the LED and flows across the PN junction, the junction heats up. If a current exceeds a maximum specified forward current for a long enough duration of time, as defined by a manufacturer of the LED, a catastrophic failure causing complete or partial damage to the functionality of the LED may result.
To increase the brightness of LEDs while lowering the temperature of the PN junction, manufacturers of LEDs have spent much research and development time and money in producing different heat sinks and materials. Reducing the PN junction temperature improves performance of an LED as more current can be applied to the LED to produce more light without burning out the LED. While the performance of the LED has greatly improved by the use of different materials, users of LEDs must drive the LEDs within a manufacturer's specification to avoid damaging them in whole or part. The limiting factor of LED operation is the PN junction temperature. So as to not burn out an LED, the conventional technique for powering an LED includes applying a DC current below a maximum (average) forward current, which is the maximum average amount of current the LED is able to conduct in a forward bias mode. The maximum forward current for typical LED devices is about 20-30 milliamps (mA), though it may vary beyond this range. In the case of the maximum forward current being 20 mA, for direct current (DC) applications to produce a maximum illumination from the LEDs, a DC current of 19.5 mA may be used. While this technique is effective in minimizing burnout to protect the LEDs, the limited amount of luminance produced by this technique is not necessarily satisfactory for many applications using an LED light bulb. To increase the amount of illumination of the LED light bulb using a DC driving technique, manufacturers increase the number of LEDs within a single bulb structure. While the increased number of LEDs improves the light intensity of the overall light bulb, it also increases cost and size of the LED light bulbs, thereby reducing commercialization potential of the LED light bulb.
In order to reduce the thermal problems of the PN junction of the LED devices, some manufacturers have used pulse width modulation (PWM) to drive the LEDs. Pulse width modulation is a technique for driving a signal that alters the width of a pulse to change a duty cycle (i.e., ratio of ON time to OFF time within a period). By using a duty cycle less than 100 percent as is the case of using the DC driving technique, the PN junction temperature may be reduced. The human eye is generally incapable of noticing flicker of a light strobing at or above 100 pulses per second. The pulse width modulation driving technique typically operates at 100 Hz maintains a duty cycle of 30 and 60 percent or higher. This reduced duty cycle from the DC driving technique, which has a 100 percent duty cycle, maintains a lower PN junction temperature. While using pulse width modulation is an inexpensive way to convert AC light bulb applications to DC light bulb applications, the LED brightness remains limited by the PN junction temperature. In other words, by using pulse width modulation, an effective average current results such that the PN junction temperature remains below a thermal temperature that causes the LEDs to catastrophically fail. Pulse width modulation driving devices are widely available and serve as a good midpoint solution. However, as the duty cycle employed in pulse width modulation driving techniques exceed peak current ratings of LED manufacturers by 200 to 600 percent, pulse width modulation supplies and/or drivers cannot drive the LED to their maximum output without encountering the same failure mode associated with DC supplies.
Manufacturers of white LED light bulbs typically use blue or ultraviolet LEDs for generating light and use a phosphor coating on the lenses or above the wafer of the LEDs to produce visible white light similar to a fluorescent light bulb. However, such a configuration causes a loss of output efficiency because phosphor tends to backscatter the light produced by the LEDs. Also, the life of the LED light bulbs with phosphor is diminished because phosphor has a more limited life expectancy than the underlying light emitting diode. Finally, as with the fluorescent light bulb, color of the produced light is objectionable from a commercial standpoint and degrades over time.
A structural disadvantage of conventional LED light bulbs results from the use of transformers as a DC power source for driving the LEDs with a lower voltage. The use of the transformer requires the use of a large base for the LED light bulb, thereby making the conventional LED light bulbs incapable of fitting into a conventional light socket and/or having a less appealing appearance to consumers.
The heating, inefficiency, and color problems of incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs and lack of brightness, objectionable color, and unappealing physical appearance of conventional LED light bulbs are overcome by the principles of the present electronic light generating element light bulb which utilizes a circuit that does not include a transformer, uses a circuit to overdrive electronic light generating elements to produce a higher perceived amount of light, and may include at least three different colors to produce a desired color of white light. In one embodiment, the electronic light generating elements are light emitting diodes capable of producing light or any other solid-state device to have significantly improved efficiency and thermal characteristics over incandescent, fluorescent, or other traditional light bulbs. By driving the electronic light generating elements with a series of pulses, PN junction temperature that is typically the limiting factor remains lower and a higher number of pulses per second, such as a 1000 pulses per second, of overdrive current may be applied to the electronic light generating elements without causing a catastrophic failure thereof.
The principles of the present electronic light generating element light bulb include a circuit and a method for driving an electronic light generating element. The circuit may include (i) an input circuit operable to convert a sinusoidal signal to a signal independent of negative current attributes, (ii) a switch control circuit coupled to the input circuit and operable to generate a switching signal having pulses, and (iii) a switching element coupled to the input circuit and the switch control circuit. The switching element is operable to generate an output signal that is formed of a series of bursts having peak amplitudes above a maximum forward current rating for a duty cycle less than a maximum operating duty cycle over which an electronic light generating element may be catastrophically damaged in response to (a) the signal independent of negative current attributes and (b) switching being applied to the switching element. The output signal is applied to the electronic light generating element to produce light.
The disclosed invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show sample embodiments of the invention and which are incorporated in the specification hereof by reference, wherein:
A contact 110, which is coupled to or disposed in relation to the base 106, may be electrically coupled to a post or stem 112 that supports a circuit board 114 having electronic light generating elements 116 mounted thereto. In another embodiment, a circuit board (see
The electronic light generating elements may be light emitting diodes (LEDs). The light emitting diodes may be conventional light emitting diodes or organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as understood in the art. Alternatively, the electronic light generating elements may be any device, solid-state or otherwise, that is electronically activated to produce light. As understood in the art, organic and inorganic crystals may be electronically activated to generate a light and is encompassed by the term, "electronic light generating elements".
It should be understood that the proximity of the different colors of electronic light generating elements 116 may be configured in many different ways based on the desire of the designer of the electronic light bulb 100 or the application therefor. The colors of the electronic light generating elements 116 may be selected by the designer or manufacturer and populated in the electronic light 100 for a particular application, including environmental applications. For example, to avoid attracting certain bugs, electronic light generating elements that emit wavelengths greater than 490 nm, which is the highest wavelength certain bugs can see, may be used. In another example, to kill microorganisms, such as bacteria, electronic light generating elements that produce ultraviolet light may be selected. It should also be understood that the electronic light generating elements 116 may be configured in a non-row and column configurations, such as a circular, oval, or other geometric or non geometric configuration. Still yet, while the use of three or more primary colors for producing white or other colors of light may be utilized in accordance with the principles of the present invention, conventional one or two color electronic light generating elements 116 may be utilized in accordance with increasing the brightness of the electronic light generating elements 116 as described further herein, but have lifetime and color limitations as previously described.
As shown, the circuit protection and input filter circuit 202 receives an input signal 212 from an alternating current (AC) source 214. The AC source 214 may be power delivered from a wall socket (not shown) into which a lamp or other light fixture is plugged. The input signal 212 may be a substantially sinusoidal signal of 50 Hz, 60 Hz, or otherwise depending upon the country, for example. A rectified signal 216 produced by the circuit protection and input filter circuit 202 may be generated from the input signal 212 and have no negative voltage or current.
The switch timing and control circuit 204 provides an input to the switch and modulator circuit 206 as does the circuit protection and input filter circuit 202. An output of the switch and modulator circuit 206 may be a substantially periodic pulse train 218. The pulse train may be formed of individual pulses that are amplitude modulated. In other words, the amplitudes of each pulse may be raised or lowered depending on the amount of current desired to be input to the output and ripple correction circuit 208 for driving the light emitting diode array 210. An output signal 220 is shown as a substantially periodic bursts for driving the light emitting diode array 210. By driving the light emitting diode array 210 using the output signal 220 having a series of substantially periodic bursts, the LEDs of the light emitting diode array 210 are driven to a maximum luminance output, which is higher than can be achieved by using conventional pulse width modulation driving techniques that may have a thirty percent duty cycle, for example, because the output signal 220 has a duty cycle of at most ten percent. It should be understood that the maximum duty cycle for the output signal 220 may be increased or decreased based on the specifications of the electronic light generating elements selected for the electronic light bulb.
The modules 200 are capable of handling changes in line or supply voltage and/or different AC frequencies. Changes in line voltage have a moderately linear effect on the output signal 220. This linear effect may be stabilized by inserting higher value capacitors in the output and ripple correction circuit 208. A voltage swing of 20 percent or greater can result in the light either shutting off (flickering) if the voltage swing is momentary or shutting off as the fuse opens if heavy over-voltage is present. These are both unusual scenarios in the United States power grid, but are issues of concern in other parts of the world. Operating voltages of 95V-140V should not adversely affect performance. It should be understood that the principles of the present invention may include power supplies configured for markets that nominally use 100V, 220V, 240V, or any other voltage level.
The circuit protection and input filter circuit 202 includes a pair of input terminals 302 a and 302 b (collectively 302), a fuse 304, and bridge rectifier 306. The fuse 304 is optional, but may be utilized to prevent damage from an over-current surge to the rest of the circuit 300 a. The bridge rectifier 306 may be composed of zener diodes as understood in the art. The bridge rectifier 306 operates to ensure that the current output has no negative current characteristics (i.e., all of the current cycles are positive). Other configurations of the bridge rectifier 306 may be utilized in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
A capacitor 308 may be connected to output terminals 309 a and 309 b of the bridge rectifier 306 for minimizing imperfections in the current signal from the bridge rectifier 306. In one embodiment, the capacitor 308 is an electrolytic capacitor having low impedance.
The switch timing and control circuit 204 includes a switch control element 310 electrically coupled to the output terminal 309 b of the bridge rectifier 306. The switch control element 310 is shown as a chip. Other forms of a switching element may be utilized, including conventional analog and/or digital circuitry. Timing circuitry 312 is coupled to the switch control element 310 for providing switch timing and control for the switch control element 310. The values of the timing circuitry are selected in accordance with the specification of the switch control element 310 to provide for rapid switching of power to electronic light generating elements. In one embodiment, the timing circuitry 312 is selected and/or configured to enable the switch control element 310 to produce a switching signal (not shown) formed of a substantially periodic pulse train signal that switches at a rate of approximately one thousand times per second (i.e., 1 KHz). Other configurations of the timing circuitry 312 may be selected to cause the switch control element 310 to have switching rates, either faster or slower, but that produce pulses of light output that are at a rate greater than that observable by the human eye. For example, the switching circuitry 312 may cause the switching to occur at 500 Hz. In general, the switching rate should be greater than 100 Hz in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
The timing circuitry 312 sets the timing periods, amplitude, and voltage levels for the switch control element 310. The switching circuitry 312 responds to the switching signal and operates to drive, in part, a switching element 314. The switching element 314 may be a field effect transistor (FET). In one embodiment, the FET transistor is a MOSFET as understood in the art. The switching element 314 responds to the substantially periodic pulse train signal output by the switch control element 310 and operates to turn current flow on and off to electronic light generating elements, such as LEDs.
The output circuit and ripple correction circuit 208 includes a capacitor 316 and an inductor 318 that are utilized to balance the circuit 300 a and provide inductive balance to a reactive load, such as an electronic light generating element. The capacitor 316 is optional accordance with the principles of the present invention because it is utilized to reduce the level of ripple current. As ripple does not adversely affect the electronic light generating elements, the use of the capacitor 316 is optional. However, if devices other than LEDs are utilized, ripple is compensated for by the capacitor 316. The inductor value may remain the same as it impacts circuit power factor, which is substantially independent of the load.
In one embodiment, the comparator 320 operates to adjust the amplitude of the switching element 314. To adjust the amplitude of the switching element 314, a comparator or feedback line may provide for adjusting the amplitude of the pulses produced by the switch control element 310. In one embodiment, a switching pattern (e.g., pulse train) may be preprogrammed into an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that incorporates components and/or functionality of the modules 200 and the average amplitude is adjusted by altering the amplitude of the amplitude of the pulses while the frequency of the pulses is maintained at a substantially constant rate. However, by altering the amplitude of the pulses driving the electronic light generating elements, it is difficult to maintain the linearity of the dimming because of the non-linearity of electronic light generating elements, especially if multiple colors of electronic light generating elements are utilized. For example, in the case of using LEDs for generating light, it is difficult to account for the non-linearity of the diode curves of the multiple colors.
Electronic light generating elements are not damaged by heating the PN junction if the peak of the output signals exceeds the absolute maximum rated forward current (e.g., 50 mA) for a time that is generally ten percent or less of the period P (i.e., duty cycle of ten percent or lower). However, this time range can vary depending on the parameters of the electronic light generating elements selected. As shown between output signals 404 c and 404 d, the magnitude of the current driving the electronic light generating elements is lowered from 100 mA to 80 mA, which correspondingly means that the duty cycle is reduced because the pulse above the absolute maximum rated forward current is reduced. The reduction of the duty cycle causes the luminance of the electronic light generating elements to be reduced in accordance with a forward current versus relative luminosity curve as specified by a manufacturer of the electronic light generating elements (e.g., from 3.5 to 3.0 a.u.).
Continuing with
In yet another embodiment for dimming the electronic light generating elements, a feedback circuit may be included to provide a feedback signal for feeding back the amount of current being applied to the electronic light generating elements from the switching element 314. In feeding back the information to indicate the amount of current driving the electronic light generating elements, a simple current feedback loop may be utilized as understood in the art. By feeding back the current, accurate control of the amount of current being applied to the electronic light generating elements is maintained so that linear light dimming control may be maintained even given the non-linearity of light output in response to forward current applied to the electronic light generating elements.
The innovative concepts described in the present application can be modified and varied over a wide rage of applications. Accordingly, the scope of patented subject matter should not be limited to any of the specific exemplary teachings discussed, but is instead defined by the following claims.
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Owner name: WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, FLORIDA
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Queerty is better as a member
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Naomi's front row fetish-inspired style. EMPICS EntertainmentTopshop Unique show during London Fashion Week yesterday wearing a zip-up tunic (which also boasted zips around the waist), zip-front detail cropped leather trousers and bondage-style, strappy lace-up sandal-boots.
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Elaine Ann (Norman) Kosbau, 86, of Waverly, Iowa, passed away on Sunday morning, Sept. 15, 2013, at Bartels Lutheran Retirement Community in Waverly from complications of ovarian cancer.
Elaine was born on June 10, 1927, in Cedar Rapids, the daughter Arthur and Bess (Strang) Norman. She was baptized and confirmed on July 1, 1948, at St. John's Lutheran Church in Waukon, transferring her membership in 1953 to St. Paul's Lutheran in Waverly. Elaine attended the Cedar Rapids school system, graduating in June of 1945 from Roosevelt High School. She then attended the
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from 1945 to 1947, and this is where she met Paul. On Aug. 18, 1947, she was united in marriage to Paul Shager Kosbau in Cedar Rapids. The couple moved to Waverly in 1947, where Paul taught art and Elaine was secretary at the Waverly High School for two years before they began their family. Four children were born, Susan, David, JoAnn and Jean. Paul continued to teach art until he suffered a massive heart attack and died in 1962 at the age of 42. With four children at home, Elaine went back to Wartburg College where she received her B.S. in Education in January 1965. She taught for two and a half years in Denver, and then transferred to Waverly, where she taught fourth grade at both Southeast and Irving elementaries for a total of 24 years, retiring in May 1989. Elaine then was a volunteer for the Waverly-Shell Rock Community School District for eight years and was a Hospital Auxiliary volunteer and worked at the gift shop for 14 years. Elaine was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in July 2013, and became a resident of the Bartels Lutheran Retirement Community on Aug. 29 of this year.
Elaine was a 60-year faithful member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Waverly, where for many years she was active with helping with the funeral lunches. She was a member of Friends of the Library, Literature Club, Bridge Club and Hospital Auxiliary where she had been a member since 1965. On May 10, 2001, Elaine was recognized by the Hospital Auxiliary as Volunteer of the Year, as she contributed over 170 hours the past year. In her spare time, she loved doing needle point and making newborn caps that she donated to the Waverly Health Center. Elaine enjoyed her family and friends very much and would love to cook meals at her home on special occasions. She also enjoyed flowers, playing cards and her special times with her walk and talk group.
Elaine is survived by her four children and their spouses, Susan (Don) Mariano, of White Plains, N.Y., David (Diane) Kosbau, of Brookings, S.D., Jo (Steve) Corson, of Waverly, and Jean (Tim) Kuethe, of Waverly; four grandchildren, Jenny (Ryan) Bauer, of Brookings, S.D., Jill Kosbau, of Brookings, S.D., Nikki (Zack) Ladage, of Cedar Falls, and Chris (Ashley) Corson, of Waverly; six great-grandchildren, Jase, Kyle and Will Bauer, Tristan and Brileigh Corson, and Emerson Ladage; a brother-in-law, Ralph Kosbau, of Marshalltown; and two sisters-in-law, Ruth Waltz, of Brookings, S.D., and Jo (Norm) Fintel, of Simpsonville, S.C. She was preceded in death by her parents; her husband, Paul on Sept. 29, 1962; two brothers-in-law, Howard Kosbau and his wife, Gail, and Wayne Waltz; and two sisters-in-law, Charlotte Krueger and Etta Kosbau.
Funeral services will be held on Thursday, Sept. 19, 2013, at 11 a.m. at St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Waverly, with the Rev. Joyce Sandberg officiating. Burial will be in Harlington Cemetery in Waverly. Public visitation will be held on Wednesday, Sept. 18 from 4 to 7 p.m. at the Kaiser-Corson Funeral Home in Waverly and also for an hour prior to services on Thursday at the church. Memorials may be directed to the family for a direction in Elaine's name to be decided at a later date. Online condolences for Elaine's family may be left at
Kaiser-Corson Funeral Home in Waverly is assisting the family.
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- Mexican
Moe's Southwest Grill
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Ratings and Reviews for Moe's Southwest Grill
May 02 2016
Drayah H. via Yelp
Always fast and friendly! The cashier lady is kinda hateful but the workers always seem to be happy to be there and love serving the customersread more
Oct 01 2016
Chris H. via Yelp
Fast, fresh, and friendly! Employees are always happy that you are there. It's nice that you don't get charged for the extras! The young lady night...read more
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Moes is pretty good. The staff isn't always the friendliest but the food is very good! I usually get a tofu burrito and it always ends up being good. A bit...read more
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Taco Bell has turned a class action lawsuit about the beef in its food into a Facebook marketing campaign. The restaurant chain is giving away 10 million free beef tacos to Facebook "likers" who download and print a coupon.
The company pitched the offer to its 5.4 million Facebook "likes" yesterday, and has since picked up around 100,000 additional "likes." Taco Bell is employing a like-gating strategy that's being increasingly leveraged by marketers. If 10 million coupons are downloaded, the brand will announce the offer has reached its limit capacity with a message on its Facebook wall. Consumers have until Feb. 15 to use the coupons.
The Irvine, CA-based firm is running Facebook.com ads to drive more "likes" and coupon downloads. The ad features an image of the brand's hot sauce packet emblazoned with the Facebook-oriented language, "Thumbs up to you, Friend!" Below it appears the copy: "Thanks so much for your support! What's not to 'Like' about a free taco?"
The development is part of a larger PR campaign that attempts to refute an Alabama class action lawsuit that claims Taco Bell's seasoned beef is only 35 percent actual beef.
Taco Bell CEO Greg Creed commented on the Facebook campaign in a prepared statement: "Throughout the beef class action lawsuit, the response and enthusiasm from our Facebook community has been overwhelmingly positive. We found it only fitting to reward these 5.4 million fans and a friend with a free taco. It's our way of saying thanks for their loyalty and support."
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