text:
Also detected as: PC Repair (other), TR/FakeSysdef.A.20 (Avira), Trojan.Inject.12360 (ESET), Mal/FakeAV-EA (Sophos), Trojan.FakeAV!gen28 (Symantec), HDD Defragmenter (other), Check Disk (other), Windows Repair (other), WindowsRecovery (other), Windows 7 Recovery (other), Windows XP Recovery (other), Data Restore (other), Disk Defrag (other), Disk Doctor (other), Disk Helper (other), Disk Ok (other), Disk Optimizer (other), Disk Recovery (other), Disk Repair (other), Disk Tool (other), Easy Scan (other), Fast Disk (other), File Recovery (other), Good Memory (other), Hard Drive Diagnostic (other), HDD Control (other), HDD Diagnostic (other), HDD Fix (other), HDD Low (other), HDD Ok (other), HDD Plus (other), HDD Repair (other), HDD Rescue (other), HDD Scan (other), HDD Tools (other), Memory Fixer (other), Memory Optimizer (other), Memory Scan (other), Quick Defrag (other), Quick Defragmenter (other), Smart Defragmenter (other), Smart Hdd (other), System Defragmenter (other), System Diagnostic (other), System Fix (other), Ultra Defragger (other), Win Defrag (other), Win Defragmenter (other), Win Disk (other), Win Hdd (other), Win Scan (other), Win Scanner (other), Windows Diagnostic (other), Windows Disk (other), Windows Fix disk (other), Windows Restore (other), Windows Safemode (other), Windows Scan (other), Windows Tool (other), Windows XP Restore (other), Windows 7 Restore (other), Data_Recovery (other), Data Recovery (other), SMART Repair (other), S.M.A.R.T. Repair (other), SMART Check (other), S.M.A.R.T. Check (other),
The following system changes may indicate the presence of this malware:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main
Sets value: "Use FormSuggest"
With data: "yes"
Win32/FakeSysdef is a family of programs that claim to scan for hardware defects related to system memory, hard drives and over-all system performance. They scan the system, show fake hardware problems, and offer a solution to defrag the hard drives and optimize the system performance. They then inform the user that they need to pay money to download the fix module and to register the software in order to repair these non-existent hardware problems. One of the first variants was distributed as program named "HDD Defragmenter" hence the name "FakeSysdef" or "Fake System Defragmenter".
To detect and remove this threat and other malicious software that may be installed on your computer, run a full-system scan with an appropriate, up-to-date, security solution. The following Microsoft products detect and remove this threat:
Additional instructions to remove Win32/FakeSysdef from your computer are available here:
How to remove the PC Repair virus
For more information on antivirus software, see http://www.microsoft.com/windows/antivirus-partners/.
This threat may make lasting changes to a computer's configuration that are NOT restored by detecting and removing this threat. For more information on returning an infected computer to its pre-infected state, please see the following article/s:
Win32/FakeSysdef is a family of programs that claim to scan for hardware defects related to system memory, hard drives and over-all system performance. They scan the system, show fake hardware problems, and offer a solution to defrag the hard drives and optimize the system performance. They then inform the user that they need to pay money to download the fix module and to register the software in order to repair these non-existent hardware problems. One of the first variants was distributed as program named "HDD Defragmenter" hence the name "FakeSysdef" or "Fake System Defragmenter".
Win32/FakeSysdef has been distributed with several different names or aliases. The user interface and some other details vary to reflect each variant's individual branding.
The branding strategy may look legitimate to computer users as the names are usually a combination of technical words such as "HDD", "Disk", "Memory" and action words such as "Scanner", "Defragmenter", "Diagnostics", "Repair", and "Fix". Currently observed variants of FakeSysdef include the following:
Some variants also use the operating system in its brand:
The Win32/FakeSysdef installer may arrive in the computer with various file names. When run, the installer drops and injects a DLL file (or sometimes and EXE file) into common processes, for example "EXPLORER.EXE", "WINLOGON.EXE", and "WININET.EXE".
In some instances, the main executable drops both DLL and EXE components. In this case, the EXE is set to run at every Windows restart and the DLL is injected into "EXPLORER.EXE" by the "EXE" component.
To ensure that it automatically runs every time Windows starts, it drops a copy of itself or its EXE component using a random file name into the %APPDATA folder.
Some variants also create shortcuts on the Desktop and in the Start Menu using the following naming format:
The shortcut file may look similar to the following:
The Start Menu entry may look similar to the following:
The Task Bar icon may look similar to the following:
Some variants may also create entries in the registry that allow their dropped copy to run every time Windows starts, for example:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Sets value: "<random string>"
With data: "%APPDATA%\<FakeSysdef copy.exe"
Win32/FakeSysdef variants also create the following registry modifications:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\GDIPlus
Sets value: "FontCachePath"
With data: "%APPDATA%"
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main
Sets value: "Use FormSuggest"
With data: "yes"
Some variants delete the currently running FakeSysdef file after it has performed its malicious routine, as with the PC Repair variant, which drops the following file then deletes it after successful installation:
%COMMON_APPDATA%\<FakeSysdef_file name>.exe - for example, C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\3CKFqz6zlpzK.exe
Modifies browser settings
Win32/FakeSysdef modifies several Internet Explorer settings, such as the following:
Enables submitting non-encrypted form data:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Zones\3
Sets value: "1601"
With data: "0"
Changes the setting for certificates used:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WinTrust\Trust Providers\Software Publishing
Sets value: "State"
With data: "146944"
Enables changing the desktop wallpaper:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ActiveDesktop
Sets value: "NoChangingWallPaper"
With data: "0"
Displays all shortcuts:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced
Sets value: "HideIcons"
With data: "0"
Disables Task Manager:
In subkeys:
Sets value: "DisableTaskMgr"
With data: "1"
Disables checking for signatures on downloaded programs:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Download
Sets value: "CheckExeSignatures"
With data: "no"
Disables marking file attachments by using their zone information:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Attachments
Sets value: "SaveZoneInformation"
With data: "1"
Sets low risk file types:
In subkey: HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Associations
Sets value: "LowRiskFileTypes"
With data: "/{hq:/s`s:/ogn:/uyu:/dyd:/c`u:/bnl:/ble:/sdf:/lrh:/iul:/iulm:/fhg:/clq:/kqf:/`wh:/lqf:/lqdf:/lnw:/lq2:/l2t:/v`w:/rbs:"
Terminates or blocks programs
Some Win32/FakeSysdef variants that may terminate running processes during installation and may block launched application after the computer restarts. During the installation process, they may terminate all running processes and force the computer to restart.
After the restart, FakeSysdef attempts to block every launched program, and may then display fake error messages offering to fix the problem. It then repeatedly restarts the computer until the user agrees to buy the fake software.
Displays fake warning messages
When run, Win32/FakeSysdef may display fake messages indicating that the computer has various performance and stability issues. The fake program interface may look similar to the following:


text:
Celebrate Family Day this September 24th with a nutritious meal and engaging discussions over dinner. Read our blog for more details.…Continue
Added by The Raise Foundation on September 19, 2012 at 8:41pm — No Comments
** I'm the only one here that seems to know that the floor is not a trash can.
** Shrinky Dinks may be the dumbest art project ever invented.
** I really don't need to know WHY there's a streak of poo on the side of the toilet.
** "Make Your Own Pizza Night" is really just my way of saying, "Fix Your Own Damn…Continue
Added by Jennifer Marshall on July 27, 2012 at 6:21pm — No Comments
ACTUALLY I am a very simple eater... times when I do not post up outside food, those drooling and tempting food, that means I am just having a simple meal at home... so simple that many of us do not find them appetizing at all.
This evening I came home after 7pm and since it was quite late, I was too lazy to go to my mum's…
Added by Reanaclaire on May 29, 2012 at 9:58am — No Comments
I'm standing at the kitchen counter about to start dinner. I open the cabinet to round up the ingredients for this evening's meal and I see it, that seemingly innocent white-lidded jar, beckoning my attention. I look away and continue gathering my supplies, but its call is too great to ignore. I remove the Nutella from the cabinet and slowly twist off…Continue
Added by Rebecca Rodriguez-Brea on May 21, 2012 at 4:00pm — No Comments
** The self-checkout lanes at the grocery store are no place for morons.
** Wednesday evening was evidently "Be An Asshole" night at my house. (I didn't get the memo.)
** It's impossible NOT to smile when you see a dog hanging out a car window, beard blowing in the breeze.
** My son claims to "love being…Continue
Added by Jennifer Marshall on May 18, 2012 at 11:39am — No Comments
One of our favorite weeknight meals is Baked Ziti. My husband spent two years in Italy. He claims to know Italian food and has given it his stamp of approval. I'll take that.
Baked Ziti is a grand departure from the pasta meals of my childhood. I…
Added by Marcie Bunker on March 20, 2012 at 9:46am — No Comments
Who here has never burned dinner? Show of hands, please? Great, no hands.
Has anyone ever misread a recipe and ended up with something not fit for man nor beast? Oh look, lots of hands there!
Have you ever forgot to take a crucial dinner ingredient out to thaw, or forgotten to pick it up at the store? Yes, I thought so.
Ever set your kitchen on fire, rendering your stove inoperable? No? Just me, then.
I've had all of those…Continue
Added by Annie Sullivan on January 20, 2012 at 12:17pm — No Comments
The meal was "out of this world." That's why it was saved, presumably.
And indeed, it may have been heavenly in its original form, I'm sure; now? Not so much.
A science project, perhaps, a study in microbiology and the tenacity of bacteria. Mould is a very curious but fascinating thing, I'm embarrassed to admit.
Of what do I speak? Surely you know: the evil that lurks at the back of the fridge (contained in Tupperware, of course).…
Added by Samantha Kemp-Jackson on December 26, 2011 at 4:59pm — No Comments
So easy and caveman can do it! This is a great, cheap, and easy recipe. All you need is 4 ingredients! It's also super yummy!
1. Open can of Cresents, unroll, and seperate…Continue
Added by Ashley Monroe on December 5, 2011 at 4:00pm — No Comments
Added by Tawna Richard on November 29, 2011 at 3:30pm — No Comments
Along with the millions of others who have stumbled upon my blog you may be scratching your head and asking, "What's with the name, Diane? Why is this thing called 'It's All Good – Until You Burn Dinner?'"…Continue
Added by Diane Reiter on November 15, 2011 at 9:30am — No Comments
Added by Tawna Richard on October 27, 2011 at 3:41pm — No Comments
For some kids picky eating is a phase and for others it…Continue
Added by Amy T on September 14, 2011 at 3:16pm — No Comments
"Practice Pancakes for Saturday's Pancakes in a Panic tasting by Merrick!"
Yesterday the kids and I, after making up eFoods soup and corn bread muffin samples, went door to door among our neighbors to invited them to Merrick's "Pancakes in a Panic!" eFoods tasting class.
We passed out flyers with this title "Pancakes in a Panic! Emergency Family Food Series!" That is the name of…
Added by Kim Power Stilson on July 13, 2011 at 9:30am — No Comments
How many meals does your family eat?
1 person eats 3 meals a day, 21 meals a week, 90 meals a month or 1080 meals a year, plus water.
Family of 2 eats 42 meals a week, 180 meals a month or 2160 meals a year, plus water.
Family of 3 eats 63 meals a week, 270 meals a month or 3240 meals a year, plus water.
Family of 4 eats 84 meals a week, 360 meals a month or 4320 meals a year, plus water.
Family of 5 eats 105 meals a week, 450 meals a month and 5400…Continue
Added by Kim Power Stilson on July 8, 2011 at 8:00am — No Comments
Added by Kim Power Stilson on June 30, 2011 at 8:00pm — No Comments
Added by Kim Power Stilson on June 30, 2011 at 10:00am — No Comments
Added by Kim Power Stilson on June 29, 2011 at 3:30pm — No Comments
Added by Kim Power Stilson on June 29, 2011 at 2:23pm — No Comments
"Every day is a fresh beginning, Every morn is the world made new"
Today I am took my kids and my mom with me to visit the eFoods Global warehouse in Salt Lake City Utah. We need to see where the food is made! I think visiting the headquarters is important. (My kids groaned that it would be boring!) Even though I have already heard that eFoods is made carefully without hydrogenated oils and is of fine quality, I would like to see for…
Added by Kim Power Stilson on June 28, 2011 at 6:29pm — No Comments

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Energy Project Portfolio Management
By: GTC
Event Description:
This course is designed to cover concepts, tools and techniques of project management based on the elements of the project management body of knowledge. The course will acquaint delegates with portfolio management skills and tools, taking into account the strategies and objectives of the business unit organisation, changes in internal or external conditions (e.g. market, regulatory), business and project performance, and the status, planned benefits, risks and challenges across the projects and programmes.
Who Should Attend?
Energy industry planners, project operators, stakeholders, designers, project managers, business managers, consultants, project analysts, senior executives, project team members, members of project management offices, project customers, functional managers, trainers and researchers.
Course Outcomes
Delegates will gain knowledge and skills to:
- Understand an introduction to project management principles
- Plan and manage several energy projects effectively
- Employ portfolio management
- Plan and schedule using Work Breakdown Structures (WBS)
- Comprehend the importance and tools in managing project risks
- Implement strategic project management
- Employ an effective quality management approach for a project
- Understand management economics
Attendance Fee:
Venue: Dubai, UAE
Dont have an account?
Create an Account


text:
to share your opinion of this business
with YP visitors across the United States
and in your neighborhood
Today:10:00 am - 6:30 pm
6597 Roswell Rd,
Atlanta, GA 30328
(404) 255-2847
in Business
Regular Hours
NK Salon has been the leader of hair in our area for over 15 years. Our mission is to provide you with high quality service at a price that is affordable to all. At NK Salon, we are always up to date on all of the latest techniques. Our clientele ranges from young to old, classic to trend. We take pride in our skills to offer you all the services you need. So whatever your style may be, we are eager to meet you!
We are located in the Abernathy Square Shopping Center in the heart of Sandy Springs. Minutes down from Perimeter Mall, stop in before a full day of shopping!
Stop by at any time to relax and to recieve excellent beauty salon services!
Specialties: Asian Hair, Perms, Straight Perms, Curly Hair, Coloring, Kids' Hair
Bike Parking: Yes
Price Range : Average
By Appointment Only: No
to share your opinion of this business
with YP visitors across the United States
and in your neighborhood
6125 Roswell Road BLDG 211 Suite 102, Atlanta, GA
5825 Glenridge Dr, Atlanta, GA
290 Hilderbrand Dr NE, Atlanta, GA
4651 Roswell Rd, Atlanta, GA
6309 Roswell Rd Ste 1C, Atlanta, GA
6597 Roswell Rd, Atlanta, GA 30328
(404) 255-2847


text:
Physics Engine: PhysX
Group DescriptionGames using a version of the PhysX engine (formerly named Novodex) by AGEIA Technologies, Inc. to emulate dynamic and unscripted physics. It is an asynchronous multi-threaded physics API taking advantage of multiprocessor gaming systems, but also specifically designed for the PhysX Accelerator add-in card, a hardware physics processing unit.
In February 2008 nVidia Corporation signed a definitive agreement to acquire AGEIA Technologies, Inc. and the graphics card manufacturer now owns the company and its technology.
Related Links:
Selected Covers
Front cover for Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China
Front cover for Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2 (Limited Edition)
Front cover for Brothers in Arms: Hell's Highway
Front cover for ArcaniA: Gothic 4
Selected Screenshots
Screenshot from Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China
Screenshot from Brothers in Arms: Hell's Highway
Screenshot from ArcaniA: Gothic 4
Screenshot from Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Advanced Warfighter
Game group created by Sciere (385975), additional games added to group by Cantillon (13801), bobthewookiee (59), Rola (7765), Patrick Bregger (159492), thud (88), POMAH (39011), リカルド・フィリペ (52590), Evolyzer (10648), Kabushi (163276), jaXen (32155), Pirou Julien (2879), Iggi (8775), vEK (1848), Scaryfun (13742), Parf (7306), Sicarius (60808), Jeanne (75379), Klaster_1 (57823) and Guilherme Fião (19)
Screenshot from Turok
Screenshot from Turok


text:
Vitto Three-Button Two-Piece Suit
- Three-button front closure
- Interior French facing
- Three interior pockets
- Underwear sweat guards
- Single-pleat pants
- Two front-angled slip pockets
- Zip fly and extended button closure on waistband
- 65% dacron and 35% viscose lining: tetron silk
- Dry clean only
- Men's sizing chart
For questions pertaining to this deal, click the Ask a Question button below. For post-purchase inquiries, please contact Groupon customer support.
View the Groupon Goods FAQ to learn more.
Like Groupon Goods on Facebook for hand-picked deals, product giveaways, and more Goods stuff.


text:
This is not sustainable.
Bacterial Quid Pro Quo
August 19, 2013|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gather swarming speed at the expense of their ability to form biofilms in an experimental evolution setup.
August 19, 2013|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gather swarming speed at the expense of their ability to form biofilms in an experimental evolution setup.
August 13, 2013|
Pluripotent cells can help regenerate tissues and maintain long life—and they may also help animals jumpstart drastically new lifestyles.
June 21, 2013|
On the gene patent decision; a high-res human brain model; bats' influence on moths mating calls; toxicants threaten brain health; platelet-driven immunity
June 12, 2013|
Researchers identify the signaling program that enables finger and toenail stem cells to direct digit regeneration after amputation.
June 11, 2013|
A panel of advisors says that the agency should loosen restrictions on the sale of a diabetes drug with a spotty clinical safety record.
June 7, 2013|
In avian species, a gene induces programmed cell death during development in the area where a phallus would otherwise grow.
June 1, 2013|
In the fruit fly, the ability of neural stem cells to make the full repertoire of neurons is regulated by the movement of key genes to the nuclear periphery.
June 1, 2013|
A mass poisoning of 105 patients treated with an untested medication spurred Congress to empower the US Food and Drug Administration to monitor drug safety.
May 14, 2013|
Researchers track DNA modifications and gene expression in stem cells as they differentiate.
May 1, 2013|
After numerous high-profile safety scares, clinicians and regulators push to fix critical weaknesses in the FDA's monitoring system for approved drugs.


text:
The latest news and views about music in Milwaukee and beyond
Listen to all three final Grateful Dead shows online free
If this past weekend found you attending Summerfest or if your Independence Day celebrations kept you from attending the Grateful Dead's three sold-out Fare Thee Well shows at Soldier Field in Chicago, the original jam band's taper community has you covered.
As with nearly all of the shows from the band's 50-year history, all three of the final shows from the remaining four original band members and their special guests Trey Anastasio, Bruce Hornsby and Jeff Chimenti are available now to listen to online at the Live Music Archive.(Read this great New York Times article from over the weekend that outlines the long history of the band's tight-knit taping community and the role its non-profit trading helped to build the Grateful Dead's grassroots following.)
Sure, all of these shows will be available for purchase in sparking digital video and audio later this year, but there is something warm, organic and of-the-moment about listening to crowd recordings like these. Each show received rave reviews from fans and critics, and with wide-ranging setlists and a band that by all measures was on their best game across the weekend, they are worth diving into. Listen below, or click each link to download free audio files for off-line listening. »Read Full Blog Post
Ana Popovic: What music I'm listening to
Belgrade-born blues artist Ana Popovic performs at Shank Hall Aug. 14. Photo by Marco Van Rooijen.
You don't need to be American to rock the blues. With smoldering guitar licks and vocal chops, Ana Popovic is testament to that. »Read Full Blog Post
Free live concert recordings from your favorite bands
If you're a fan of live concert recordings -- and a fan of live music -- you should take some time to get acquainted with the Live Music Archive. Part of the large non-profit Internet Archive project, the Live Music Archive is the home to thousands of free recordings from hundreds of bands, including The Grateful Dead, Jack Johnson, Ryan Adams, Little Feat, Guster, Wisconsin's Willy Porter and many more. You might be surprised to find shows you've been to from your favorite bands!
All of these artists support taping at their shows and allow for non-commercial trading of these recordings among friends. But, unlike the early days of Deadheads trading cassette tapes of shows through the mail, the Archive allows for instant browsing and listening on your computer desktop. Some of the shows are downloadable in various formats (MP3, FLAC) and others stream right from the site.
Sure, some of the audience recordings are rough, but many of the recordings are impeccable documents of classic shows from the past few decades. I'll occasionally post some of my new discoveries in this space. To start off, here are two of my recent favorites. »Read Full Blog Post(1)


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 17, 1992
|Filing date
|Sep 13, 1990
|Priority date
|Feb 15, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Francois J. Henley
|Original Assignee
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (22), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/481,429 filed 2/15/90 for VOLTAGE IMAGING SYSTEM USING ELECTRO-OPTICS, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,983,911.
This invention relates to electro-optic sensing of voltage, and more particularly, electro-optic sensing of voltage as a function of position of a large plurality of voltage sources on a surface.
There is a growing need to be able to test and extract voltage information from a voltage-producing surface such as a printed circuit board, an integrated circuit wafer (with or without a package) or a liquid crystal display panel in order to diagnose the integrity of the structure. The present electronic test systems have a technology capable of testing circuit boards or panels (a panel under test or PUT) having a node density not exceeding approximately 100 nodes per square inch.
Certain applications, such as the testing of liquid crystal display panels are best practiced with non-contact sensing techniques such as electro-optic techniques. However, these panels have conductive pixels such as transparent indium tin oxide (ITO), with a thin-film transistor deposited directly on the glass surface and are therefore, considered very fragile. Such panels also may have an additional insulating layer covering the deposited structure, rendering it impossible to place voltage probes at selected positions on the panel. It is therefore impractical to impose contact testing on such panels. Nevertheless, current and projected production methods and strategies demand that each pixel of such a panel be tested for its ability to change voltage state as well an ability to measure voltage under various conditions relative to their voltages. The current state of the art does not provide a test technique for such structures.
It is known to use electro-optic devices for serially testing selected nodes of a voltage producing device. Reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,875,006 and 4,862,075. The subject matter of those patents is incorporated herein and made a part hereof. Therein, the use of a single light beam is described to serially access individual sensor nodes using a unique sensor/laser arrangement giving control over a beam of light whereby a Pockels Cell Modulator employs the electro-optic Pockels effect to sense local electric fields produced by voltage on a surface. Such known devices require control of a beam by scanning technology such as an acoustic-optic deflector or an x-y stage. Known systems are thus limited to single beam, serial data extraction.
According to the invention, a two-dimensional image of the voltage distribution across a surface at a large plurality of voltage test points of a panel under test is extracted by illuminating the surface with an input beam of optical energy through an electro-optic light modulating means such as an NCAP modulator or other liquid dispersed polymer-based devices, wherein the light modulator is disposed to allow longitudinal probing geometries such that a voltage on the surface of the panel under test causes a power modulation in the optical energy which can be observed through an area optical sensor (such as a camera) for use to directly produce a two-dimensional spatially-dependent power modulation image directly representative of the spatially corresponding voltage state on the surface of the panel under test. Surface cross-talk is minimized by placing the face of the light modulator closer to the panel under test than the spacing of voltage sites in the panel under test. The device may operate in a pass-through mode or in a reflective mode. In a pass-through mode, the image is sensed through a transparent panel under test. In a reflective mode, light power is observed upon two-pass reflection through the electro-optic light modulator. A camera or other imaging sensor can be used as an instrument to detect the spatial image.
An apparatus operating in accordance with the method of the invention includes an optical energy source, such as a laser, an electro-optic sensor (light modulator) exhibiting an electro-optic effect, such as the light scattering effect present in NCAP (nematic curvilinear aligned phase) or PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) films, when placed in close proximity to the panel under test, and means for spatially observing a spatially-modulated light beam.
The invention has particular application to noninvasive testing of high-density integrated circuits and testing liquid crystal display (LCD) panels prior to connection with electrical interfaces.
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of an electro-optic crystal adjacent a panel under test.
FIG. 4 is a graph of an illustrative voltage spatial distribution in connection with FIG. 3.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate two embodiments of a voltage imaging system 10 or 10' for observing voltage at a large plurality of positions 12 on a surface 14 of a panel under test (PUT) 14 or 16. FIG. 3 illustrates a detail of a portion of the system 10. The PUT 14 is a panel transparent to optical energy at the wavelengths of interest and the PUT 16 is a panel which may be opaque to optical energy. The PUT 14 may be a silicon chip or the like and the PUT 16 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. In any case, the PUT 14 or 16 may be connected in some way to a source of power (not shown) in order to produce voltages at selected sites on the surface 14 of the panel 14 or 16.
In order to probe the voltage, there is first a source 20 of optical energy, such as a xenon, sodium, or quartz halogen lamp, a pulsed or continuous laser or the like. The source optical energy is channeled into a source beam 22 and processed to produce an optical input beam 24 which may be expanded and collimated with a beam expander 28. For this purpose, there may be provided a lens, mirror or fiber optic system 28 to expand and collimate the source beam into the input beam 24. The collimated input beam preferably has a constant or at least known power density cross-section.
The input beam is directed into an electro-optic modulator means 30 or 31 of a specific type, structure and possibly atomic or molecular axis orientation. A suitable modulator 30 may be a modulator fabricated with an NCAP or PCLD film. This power modulator 30 utilizes the light scattering properties of liquid crystal droplets encapsulated in a polymer matrix. The encapsulation structure produces a curvilinear alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, and this aligned phase can be optically switched by a controlled electric field as desired. The device is therefore switching from a highly light scattering state to a highly transmissive state. Biasing the device between the two states allows the modulator to exhibit a roughly linear light to voltage transfer function. The electro-optic modulator means 30 has a first face 32 and an opposing second face 34 to allow longitudinal probing geometries, as explained hereinafter. The first face 32 has a conductive coating 36 which is transparent, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), and which is electrically coupled to a voltage common 38, such as ground. The second face 34 of modulator means 30 (FIG. 1) is transparent to permit transmission of the input beam through the PUT 16. The second face 34 of modulator means 31 (FIG. 2) has a highly-reflective nonconductive coating 33, which produces a retro-reflection of the input beam 24. The second face 34 is disposed to be adjacent an area 40 of the surface 14 of the PUT 16 or 18. The modulator means 30 is oriented to intercept at least a portion of the input beam 24 directed into the modulator through the first face 32 to impinge on the second face 34 at a position of the modulator means 30 or 31 closely adjacent the area 40 of the surface 14 of the PUT 16 or 18. The voltages at positions 12 at or near the surface 14 interact with the modulator means 30 to cause changes in the optical power transmission of the input beam 24 in alignment with positions 12 of voltages. This is observable as a spatially-dependent change in collimated alignment of an output beam 42 with the input beam 24, the changes being proportional to voltages at the positions 12 on the surface 14.
FIG. 4 illustrates the interaction between a PUT 18 and a modulator means 31 of a type having a reflective coating 33 on the second face 34. The reflective coating may be a dielectric coating or stack of dielectric material, and an air, solid or liquid gap is presumed to exist between the second face 34 and the surface 14. In operation, the electric field (E-field) of each position 12 penetrates the modulator means 31 causing a change in the scattering or absorption properties of the light beam, preferably in collimated alignment with every point 12 in direct and accurate proportion to the voltage at the point 12. Voltage V1 causes a positive change in power modulation. Voltage V2 causes a negative change in power modulation. Voltage V3 causes a positive and extreme change in power modulation. The power modulation is a function of position and is directly proportional to the voltage differential between the surface 14 and the grounded conductive coating 36 on the first face of the modulator 31. The beam exiting the modulator 31, which in this example has made two passes through the modulator, therefore contains spatially modulated light power which carries information regarding the voltage at each point 12 relative to the reference of coating 36.
The separation between the second face 34 and the surface 14 are controlled, preferably being as close as practical without causing side effects, such as shorts, thermal transfer or mechanical distortion due to stress. The selection of the spacing is made to maximize the ratio of signal to noise, particularly noise attributable to cross-talk from electric fields produced by adjacent points of voltage. A working rule, applicable particularly to LCD panels wherein the source of voltage is an area defined as a pixel area (112 in FIG. 4), is to place the second face 34 of the modulator relative to the surface 14 at less than the distance between positions 12 and preferably no more than 30% of the diameter of the pixel area. The separation may be controlled by a mechanical positioner, such as a movable table arrangement (not shown).
In order to extract that information, means are provided for detecting the change in modulation in the image across the output beam 42 to analyze the voltages. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the detectors may comprise means such as a sensitive camera 48 receiving light through for example a focussing lens 46, which intercepts the spatially-dependent power modulation for producing, as seen by the camera, an observable map in two dimensions having features corresponding to voltage magnitude. Additionally, image processing can be used to enhance the ratio of signal to noise through manipulation in digitized format of the image captured by the camera 48. (Digital image manipulation is a known technique.)
In a single pass system, as shown in FIG. 1, imaging is in line. In a multiple pass system, as shown in FIG. 2, sensitivity may be enhanced by passing the beam through the modulator twice. The output beam 42 is separated from the collinear input beam 24 by means of a beam splitter 50. As a still further alternative, the input beam and the output beam can be separated by orienting the reflective surface 33 of the phase modulator 31 so that it is not perpendicular to the incident radiation. The output beam 42 is thus separated upon reflection, and a beam splitter is not needed.
The invention has now been described with reference to specific embodiments. Other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, multiquantum well electro-absorption modulators may be used. It is therefore not intended that this invention be limited, except as indicated in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Frequency modulation-polarization spectroscopy method and device for detecting spectral features
|Mar 27, 1984
|Oct 21, 1986
|The University Of Rochester
|Measurement of electrical signals with subpicosecond resolution
|Sep 17, 1985
|Aug 25, 1987
|Kent State University
|Light modulating material comprising a liquid crystal dispersion in a plastic matrix
|Mar 4, 1986
|Jul 19, 1988
|Stanford University
|Method and means for optical detection of charge density modulation in a semiconductor
|Jun 8, 1988
|Aug 8, 1989
|Hamamatsu Photonics Kabushiki Kaisha
|Electro-optical voltage detector
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|Aug 29, 1989
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
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|Oct 17, 1989
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Ultra-high-speed digital test system using electro-optic signal sampling
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|Mar 6, 1990
|Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.
|Voltage mapping device having fast time resolution
|Mar 24, 1987
|Mar 20, 1990
|Princeton Applied Research Corp.
|Electro-optic sampling system with dedicated electro-optic crystal and removable sample carrier
|Mar 21, 1988
|Jul 31, 1990
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Film with partial pre-alignment of polymer dispersed liquid crystals for electro-optical devices, and method of forming the same
|Feb 15, 1990
|Jan 8, 1991
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Voltage imaging system using electro-optics
|Larry Welsh et al., "12.4 NCAP Displays: Optical Switching and Dielectric Properties," SID 90 Digest, pp. 220-223.
|Larry Welsh et al., 12.4 NCAP Displays: Optical Switching and Dielectric Properties, SID 90 Digest , pp. 220 223.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 1992
|Feb 21, 1995
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for measuring high speed logic states using voltage imaging with burst clocking
|Oct 12, 1994
|Oct 29, 1996
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Method for testing an electronic device using voltage imaging
|Aug 10, 1995
|Apr 15, 1997
|Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
|Checking apparatus for array electrode substrate
|Jul 24, 1995
|Apr 7, 1998
|Ntt Mobile Communications Network, Inc.
|Method of electro-optical measurement for vector components of electric fields and an apparatus thereof
|Dec 12, 1996
|Feb 16, 1999
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus using an infrared laser based optical probe for measuring electric fields directly from active regions in an integrated circuit
|Dec 8, 1998
|Mar 28, 2000
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Modulator and electro-optic sensor equipped with the modulator
|Aug 7, 1998
|Jun 6, 2000
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus using an infrared laser based optical probe for measuring voltages directly from active regions in an integrated circuit
|Jan 29, 1999
|Nov 21, 2000
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus for performing a circuit edit through the back side of an integrated circuit die
|May 14, 2004
|Aug 1, 2006
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Inspection of TFT LCD panels using on-demand automated optical inspection sub-system
|Jul 31, 2006
|Mar 9, 2010
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device
|Mar 8, 2011
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Inspection method and inspection apparatus
|Dec 29, 2010
|Oct 8, 2013
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Apparatus for measuring conductive pattern on substrate
|Mar 2, 2011
|Mar 4, 2014
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Inspection method and inspection apparatus
|Mar 5, 2010
|May 20, 2014
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device
|Jan 25, 2010
|May 19, 2015
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Method of in-process intralayer yield detection, interlayer shunt detection and correction
|May 17, 2014
|Jun 2, 2015
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device
|May 24, 2004
|Dec 30, 2004
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Optical inspection apparatus for substrate defect detection
|May 14, 2004
|Nov 17, 2005
|Photon Dynamics, Inc.
|Inspection of TFT LCD panels using on-demand automated optical inspection sub-system
|Dec 23, 2005
|Jun 29, 2006
|Innolux Display Corp.
|Device and method for inspecting matrix substrate
|May 8, 2009
|Aug 27, 2009
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Inspection Method and Inspection Apparatus
|Jun 23, 2011
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Inspection Method and Inspection Apparatus
|Jul 28, 2011
|Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated
|Method of in-process intralayer yield detection, interlayer shunt detection and correction
|U.S. Classification
|324/96, 324/73.1, 356/364, 324/754.06, 324/762.05, 324/763.01, 324/760.01
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 13, 1990
Owner name: PHOTON DYNAMICS, INC., 641 RIVER OAKS PARKWAY, SAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HENLEY, FRANCOIS J.;REEL/FRAME:005440/0822
Effective date: 19900912
|Jul 20, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 22, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 17, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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In the fast-changing world of promotions and advertising, it is crucial for marketers to stay on top of the latest developments on hot-button issues, including social media, sweepstakes and contests, mobile marketing, environmental marketing, financial services marketing, food marketing, sponsorships and endorsements. The Promotion Marketing Association's Annual Marketing Law Conference will address these topic and more on November 13-14, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois.
Linda Goldstein, Chair of Manatt's Advertising, Marketing & Media Division, will explore cutting-edge legal issues involving multiplatform sweepstakes and contests as well as offer practical guidance for structuring innovative promotional campaigns in her presentation, "Panopticon – The All-Seeing View from All Sides."
Partner Marc Roth will participate in a panel discussion concerning the risks and opportunities in advanced consent, negative option and affiliate marketing ("On and On and On"), with other speakers to include C. Steven Baker (Regional Director, Midwest Region, FTC) and Albert Norman Shelden (Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice, California, Retired Annuitant).
Partner Chris Cole will explore tried-and-true tactics for defending class actions and governmental investigations in a presentation titled "Class Warfare."
Additionally, Chuck Washburn, Co-Chair of Manatt's Consumer Financial Services practice, will participate in a special spotlight session focused on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and its impact on the financial, marketing and advertising sectors.
PLEASE NOTE: Discounted rates for early registration are currently in effect. Sign up before September 23, 2012 and you will save $300. For more information or to register for this event, click here.
Advertising that appears within games and activities on Kellogg's Froot Loops Web site must be disclosed, the Children's Advertising Review Unit has recommended.
The cereal-centric Web site, www.FrootLoops.com, is "colorful" and "vibrant," the self-regulatory body said, and the 12 different interactive games feature the Froot Loops mascot, Toucan Sam, and his cousins.
But missing from the games – each of which includes Fruit Loops cereal and/or Toucan Sam – was a disclosure that advertising was integrated, CARU said.
"The games appear on Kellogg's Froot Loops website and prominently feature the Froot Loops cereal and mascot, Toucan Sam. CARU determined that the integration of the branded cereal product into the games clearly presented an advertising message. Indeed, the themes of these games are indistinguishable from those used in other child directed advertisements."
The CARU guidelines were revised in 2006. Under these revisions, when marketers include advertising that is integrated into the content of a game or activity on a child-directed Web site, such marketers must make clear that advertising is included. "Advertising" is defined to include "persuading the audience of the value or usefulness of a company, product or service."
To bring the site into compliance, Kellogg agreed to add disclosures not only to the Froot Loops site, but across all of its child-targeted Web sites. The disclosures will appear on the Web site landing page and on all pages that contain games, with the disclosures remaining on the page during gameplay. The disclosure, in a bold and contrasting color to the background in order to attract a child's attention, reads "This is advertising from Kellogg's."
To read CARU's press release about the decision, click here.
Why it matters: "On websites directed to children, if an advertiser integrates an advertisement into the content of a game or activity, then the advertiser should make clear, in a manner that will be easily understood by the intended audience, that it is an advertisement," CARU emphasized.
The Federal Trade Commission lacks the authority to regulate the data security practices of private companies, Wyndham Hotel & Resorts argued in a recent motion to dismiss a suit brought against it by the agency.
In July, the FTC filed a complaint against Wyndham alleging that the hotel chain violated Section 5 of the FTC Act by misrepresenting the security measures in the company's privacy policy and failing to protect customer information. The hotel suffered three data security failures in less than two years and caused millions of dollars in loss, the agency said.
But coming out swinging, Wyndham argued to the Arizona federal court that the FTC lacked authority to regulate data security practices and that the case should be dismissed. "Relying on Section 5's prohibition on 'unfair' trade practices – which has traditionally been read to prohibit certain unconscionable or oppressive acts toward consumers – the FTC assumes that it has the statutory authority to do that which Congress has refused: establish data security standards for the private sector and enforce those standards in federal court," according to Wyndham's brief.
According to Wyndham, the agency's enforcement authority is limited in light of several pieces of legislation prescribing very specific data security standards for certain elements of the private sector that are subject to FTC enforcement authority. It cites as examples the agency's authority to enforce the requirements for the collection, disclosure, and disposal of data collected by consumer reporting agencies under the Fair Credit Reporting Act; the agency's authority to promulgate its COPPA Rule under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, which sets the boundaries for information collection from children; and the agency's mandate to enforce data security requirements for financial institutions under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.
The grant of authority delegated in those statutes would be "entirely superfluous" if the agency had all-encompassing powers to regulate data security for all companies and those statutes "are powerful evidence that the FTC lacks authority to regulate data security practices in cases (like this one) that fall outside the confines of these narrow delegations," the brief contends.
Even if Section 5 granted the agency the authority to mandate data security standards, the FTC would have to establish such standards through rulemaking rather than adjudication like the suit brought against it, Wyndham added.
Wyndham also noted that the agency itself disclaimed the authority to promulgate all-encompassing data security standards in a 2000 report on information security, requesting the passage of legislation to provide it with the authority to issue detailed standards on the issue.
To read Wyndham's motion to dismiss, click here.
Why it matters: If the court were to grant Wyndham's motion, the implications would be far-reaching. A limitation on its authority would create real hurdles to the regulation of data security and privacy, an area of particular focus for the agency.
Cabot Creamery is facing a consumer class action suit in a California federal court alleging that the company's Greek yogurt products are not authentic and therefore falsely labeled and advertised.
The complaint states, "Just as the mineral pyrite resembles gold, Cabot Greek resembles Greek yogurt. But fool's gold is not gold. And Cabot Greek is not yogurt."
According to plaintiff Timothy Smith, to manufacture authentic Greek yogurt, the solids must be strained after the fermentation of milk (regular yogurt keeps both the solids and liquids). While regular yogurt requires one gallon of milk to produce one gallon of yogurt, Greek yogurt takes four gallons of milk per gallon. The result should be a "thick, protein-packed yogurt with consistency like sour cream."
Cabot's Greek yogurt "is different" and "not made the way Greek yogurt is supposed to be made," Smith argues, because instead of filtering out excess liquids, the product is thickened by adding whey protein concentrate and milk protein concentrate.
In addition, such concentrates have been banned from use in yogurt by the Food and Drug Administration, Smith says, making the product adulterated. Therefore, the product is not yogurt as a matter of law, according to the complaint.
The suit seeks to certify a nationwide class of consumers entitled to injunctive and monetary relief, both compensatory and punitive.
To read the complaint in Smith v. Cabot Creamery, click here.
Why it matters: Manufacturers must be increasingly mindful in this Internet age that consumers are far more educated than in times past about how foods are produced. Companies that falsely advertise how their products are made or the ingredients they contain are more than ever the targets of class action suits.
Asserting that competitor Armand de Brignac falsely claimed that its champagnes are "Rated the No. 1 Champagne in the World," Moet Hennessy filed suit in federal court.
Moet, the maker of Dom Perignon and Veuve Clicquot, alleges the claim is literally false. Only one of Armand's champagnes – Brut Gold – has ever been ranked first by Fine Champagne Magazine and that occurred in 2010, Moet says, and none of Armand's other champagnes have ever been rated number one. Since 2010, the company has not had a champagne rank higher than No. 22, according to the complaint.
Armand has used the claim in false comparative advertising specifically targeting Moet's Dom Perignon, the suit contends. On social media sites like Twitter and Facebook, as well as other promotional materials, Armand states that Brut Gold is ranked No. 1 and Dom Perignon No. 2, without a disclosure that this ranking was limited to a 2010 test.
Moet already complained to Armand directly with a cease and desist letter and was told that the company changed its advertising and added a disclaimer limiting the claim to the year 2010. However, the false comparative ad is still being used in the United States and internationally, Moet says, and the "No. 1" claim can be found on Armand's many social media sites, advertising materials, promotional materials, and product packaging. While a disclaimer was added to the homepage of Armand's Web site, Moet argues that the "inconspicuous footnote fails to cure Armand's deception" and "may not even be visible to certain website visitors, depending on their browser settings."
Armand's use of the false statement also violates the Federal Trade Commission's Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising, according to the complaint, because the company does not have "good reason to believe that the endorser continues to subscribe to the views presented." Fine Champagne Magazine clearly no longer subscribes to the view that Brut Gold is the No. 1 champagne as the rankings have changed each year since 2010, Moet argues.
Moet demands that Armand be enjoined from continuing to make the "No. 1" claim and ordered to recall all bottles on which the allegedly false claims are stated. Monetary damages should also be awarded and trebled for Armand's intentional conduct.
To read the complaint in Moet Hennessy v. Ace of Spades, click here.
Why it matters: Advertisers who wish to use magazine rankings, ratings, and/or reviews to support #1 claims should take care to communicate to consumers any limitations contained in the ratings. Advertisers who tout themselves as being #1 on ratings or rankings that are not current may face claims of false advertising.
Reversing a federal court decision, the 2nd Circuit has ruled that a single color mark can acquire secondary meaning – and therefore trademark protection – in the fashion industry.
Designer Christian Louboutin started a high-fashion war when he sought an injunction against fashion house Yves Saint Laurent's sale of shoes with a red sole. YSL successfully argued to the lower court that the Lanham Act does not allow a trademark for a single color as it serves an "ornamental and aesthetic" function in the fashion industry.
But the 2nd Circuit disagreed, holding that the red soles had acquired "limited 'secondary meaning' as a distinctive symbol that identifies the Louboutin brand." Louboutin has painted the outsoles of his women's shoes with red lacquered paint since 1992, the court noted. Color alone – at least sometimes – can meet the basic legal requirements for use as a trademark, the court recognized.
Analyzing the "aesthetic functionality" of Louboutin's mark, the court considered both the markholder's right to enjoy the benefits of its effort to distinguish its product and the public's right to the "vigorously competitive market" protected by the Lanham Act.
"We see no reason why a single-color mark in the specific context of the fashion industry could not acquire secondary meaning – and therefore serve as a brand or source identifier – if it is used so consistently and prominently by a particular designer that it becomes a symbol, 'the primary significance' of which is 'to identify the source of the product rather than the product itself,'" the 2nd Circuit wrote.
The court noted "extensive evidence" of Louboutin's advertising expenditures, media coverage, and sales success, which it said demonstrated "both that Louboutin has created a 'symbol'. . . and that the symbol has gained secondary meaning that causes it to be 'uniquely' associated with the Louboutin brand. . . . By placing the color red 'in [a] context [that] seems unusual,' and deliberately tying that color to his product, Louboutin has created an identifying mark firmly associated with his brand which, 'to those in the know,' 'instantly' denotes his shoes' source."
However, the panel said that Louboutin failed to present sufficient evidence to extend protection for the mark to the use of a red sole used on an all-red shoe – just four pictures of the hundreds of images of Louboutin shoes presented were monochromatic. "It is the contrast between the sole and the upper that causes the sole to 'pop,' and to distinguish its creator," the court said.
Therefore, the court granted the injunction against YSL for "uses in which the red outsole contrasts with the color of the rest of the shoe" and instructed the Patent and Trademark Office to limit Louboutin's trademark registration accordingly.
To read the 2nd Circuit's opinion in Louboutin v. Yves Saint Laurent,
click here.
Why it matters: In this landmark decision, the Second Circuit held that a single color can function as a trademark in the fashion industry. Nonetheless, this closely watched case was not an outright win for Christian Louboutin and his famous red-soled shoes. Although the court held that the use of a single color could be trademarked in the fashion industry, it limited protection only to red-soled shoes with a contrasting upper. The YSL shoes at issue were monochromatic red, leaving them unaffected by the injunction and both sides claiming victory.
The FTC's long-awaited revisions to its Green Guides are expected to be released in the coming weeks, completing a five-year initiative to update this source of advice for advertisers regarding how to make truthful and substantiated environmental claims. In a Law360 article published on September 20, 2012 ("6 Areas to Watch In The Upcoming Green Guides"), Manatt partner Chris Cole outlines some of the most pressing issues to watch when the FTC issues its new iteration of the Guides. According to Cole, "One can assume that the publication of the final document will be followed by a serious FTC enforcement program that will focus on high-profile targets in order to send a message to the industry about the importance of compliance."
Cole advises advertisers and marketers to keep a close eye on the following six issues:
Will the FTC keep its categorical ban on unqualified "general environment benefit claims"?
Will the Commission adjust its proposed rules on recycled content claims?
Will the FTC reconsider its categorical approach to claims of degradability and compostability, and will it permit reliance on industry standards such as American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)?
Will the FTC retain its currently proposed approach to seals and certifications?
Will the FTC further adjust its guidance on recyclable claims?
To read the full article, click here.
See more
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP
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Judge Sewall's Apology: The Salem Witch Trials And The Forming Of An American Conscience
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The Salem witch hunt of 1692 has entered our vocabulary as the very essence of injustice. Biographer and novelist Richard Francis looks at the familiar drama with fresh eyes, grasping the true significance of this cataclysm through the personal story of Samuel Sewall, New England Puritan, Salem trial judge, antislavery agitator, defender of Native American rights, utopian theorist, campaigner against periwigs, family man, gallant wooer.
Sewall's life encompassed the tensions that faced the second-generation colonists, caught between the staunch conservatism of the Puritans and the possibilities their new world offered. Everywhere there was conflict, schism, and violence; the new Americans were pitted against the Native Americans, whose pagan ways terrified them, and a hostile mother country intent on imposing her control over the colony. Out of the struggle to maintain unity emerged the forces that drove the Salem tragedy. For the first time, Francis reveals the nature and scale of the threat the authorities believed they were facing.
Five guilt-wracked years after pronouncing judgment at the trials, Sewall walked into his church in Boston and recanted the guilty verdicts, praying for forgiveness. This extraordinary act not only proved a turning point for Sewall, it marked the moment when modern American values and attitudes came into being -- the shift from an almost medieval and allegorical view of good and evil to a respect for the mysteries of the human heart.
Drawing on Sewall's copious diaries, Francis enables us to see the early colonists not as grim ideologues but as flesh and blood idealists, striving for a new society while coming to terms with the desires and imperfections of ordinary life. Through this unsung hero of conscience, we gain access to the first lost frontier of the New World.
Author : Richard Francis
Language : English
No of Pages : 412
Publication Date : 8/9/2005
Format/Binding : Hardcover
Book dimensions : 9.1x6.3x1.4
Book weight : 0.02
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Inspired learning, online.
At Monroe Community College, you can take your classes your way: on campus, online or both. We offer 200+ online courses taught by dedicated professors specially trained in online instruction.
Some classes can be completed exclusively online at MCC Virtual Campus, while others combine on-campus and online coursework to offer you the convenience of studying at home while still providing opportunities for you to work with your professor and other students in person.
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Discover your online options at MCC Virtual Campus.
Busy schedule? Looking for a course that MCC currently doesn't offer on campus? MCC Virtual Campus is the perfect solution. Best of all, the application and financial aid processes are exactly the same for both Virtual Campus and on-campus courses.
Get all the details about MCC Virtual Campus degree programs and certificates that can be completed online, including info about credit hours, course offerings and much more.
MCC Virtual Campus 100% online degree and certificate programs:
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Our 200+ online courses are offered through Open SUNY. In fact, MCC is one of the top online providers in the State University of New York (SUNY) System. You'll have access to courses taught throughout the SUNY system's 64 campuses – without ever having to leave home.
Online Western New York Learning Alliance (OWL)
OWL is a partnership that helps you find online courses at other Western New York community colleges.


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Denver's Kelly, Jonathan and Mudflap are officially podcasting their "best" bits.
Click Here to get all the info. Want to podcast but don't know how? Get all the info here.
COUNTRY'S TWO YEAR SUMMER SLIDE: YOU MAY BE SURPRISED AT THE BACKSTORY - Quick: What's down but up at the same time? Answer: Country this summer. AQH up, share of pie down. Country's strongest months still hap...
5 weeks ago


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When Dianne & Andrew's wedding landed smack bang in my inbox, alongside the email from their awesome photographer Jonathan Canlas which read "I think this wedding is RIGHT up your alley, 7 month's pregnant bride and SUPER Rock n Roll" I was a little bit excited. Was I right to be? Hell YES baby!
I have to say, I'm actually a little bit honoured to feature this wedding. Not just because clearly the photographs and the wedding are gorgeous, but because the family appear to have gone through so much, yet come out happier and healthier on the other side. The bride explained;
"Wow, this turned into a huge undertaking answering all the questions. I am glad that you asked them, because while you only will take the links from the answers, it forced me to write about my wedding which I had been putting off due to taking care of my baby and frankly, being so damn tired, this was the last thing I wanted to write about. Which is sad, because the fact that my husband and I made it to a wedding day is no small feat."
"In the last year, we have dealt with drug addiction, rehab, an accidental pregnancy, sobriety, a wedding, and a few weeks later, our son. I loved answering all these questions because it reminded me that just because our situation is far from what is typically considered ideal, it is ideal for us, and I would not have changed a thing about it. I will be sure to mention you on my blog, your site is a righteous reminder that where love and beauty can be found is not always on a magazine stand in the check out line."
Humbling. So humbling.


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Durham Receives Perfect Inspection Score for Michigan School Bus Fleet
The company receives a score of 100% from Michigan State Police for its fleet of 25 buses that serve Royal Oak School District.
BATON ROUGE, La. — Stainless steel producer American Utility Metals has changed its name to Crompion International LLC.
Officials said the name change and rebranding come as the company works to expand its global presence and its focus on creating solutions through new services and additional metallurgists on staff.
In November, Crompion International announced a multi-million dollar contract, one of the company's largest yet, to fabricate stainless steel products for a leading manufacturer in the transportation industry.
"We're taking a page from industries, where certain companies have broken away from the pack and into premium positioning," said George Schaffer, president of Crompion International. "Our value-add approach, as opposed to strictly a supply approach, ensures a solution to a customer need rather than simply a sale."
Since 2000, the company has supplied and distributed Cromgard, a high-performance, low-nickel stainless steel, to a range of customers in a range of industries, including bus manufacturing.
Where does the meatel for school buses come from?
The company receives a score of 100% from Michigan State Police for its fleet of 25 buses that serve Royal Oak School District.
Tod Eskra takes the reins of the school bus fleet management services firm, which is a member of the TransPar Group of Companies.
The agreement, originally set to run through 2018, will now run through 2021. It covers the alternative-fuel system supplier's 8.8-liter propane and gasoline engines for Navistar's subsidiary, IC Bus.
The new edition of National School Transportation Specifications and Procedures incorporates updates that were adopted at the 2015 industry congress.
Among other PACCAR Parts and Peterbilt Motors Co. awards presented in Orlando, Florida, The Peterbilt Store receives the TRP Bus Segment Dealer of the Year Award.
The companies enter an agreement to co-brand premium brake shoe kits, which are offered through the Fleetrite heavy-duty parts brand, covering about 50 part numbers.
Here's a look at the safety training stations that students go through in the SOAR ("Safe, Orderly, and Respectful") program at two Georgia school districts.
Wi-Fi for students and live on-vehicle video streaming are among the topics to be discussed in a free web seminar on Cisco's Connected Transportation for Education.
The move is part of the German automotive supplier's effort to intensify its activities in the fleet management service business.
Technicians and state patrol inspectors agree that clear communication and routine maintenance lower the rate of violations cited during safety inspections.
The remanufactured International MaxxForce DT 7.6L Running Complete diesel engine is available for the following 2007 to 2010 applications: IC Bus 300 Series buses; International 4300 Series; and International 4400 Series.
Rebates for purchasing new school buses to replace older models range from $15,000 to $25,000 per bus.
According to the vehicle lift supplier, existing pits are often reusable with new certified replacement inground lifts.
Fleetio has introduced Fleetio Go, an app that allows fleet operations teams to instantly update information and access fleet data from any location.
The business intelligence platform will display actionable data in a user friendly dashboard and allow transportation directors to share it and collaborate on solutions. It will be unveiled at the association's annual Summit in November.
Get the latest news and most popular articles from SBF delivered straight to your inbox. Stay on top of the school bus industry and don't miss a thing!


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The Morning Show With Sanam 3 August 2016 Ary News Morning Show. Ary News TV The Morning Show With Sanam 3rd August 2016 Today the latest episode online watch or free download on dailymotion, youtube, tune.pk, playu, vemeo and playwire. Amuse yourself with the latest Episode in super cloudy results. Today morning show will absolutely live up to your expectations fully and will be a delectable source to enhance your entertainment and fun. Catch the new fresh episode quickly in super quality video format files 720p & 1080p. Keep visiting for more enjoyment and informative fun stuff.
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Hi Guys
I currently have the Canon 300D for taking pictures of planes. Whilst I have been pleased with the results, I have had problems with the well known Canon issue of darkness!
So..... the 400D and D40x are out in the shops. Which in your opinion is the best camera for taking plane pictures, anyone have any experience? Or should I stick with the 300D?
Many thanks


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Newport Beach
Surf's up everybody! Time to head to Newport Beach for the weekend. Find out what to eat, where to stay, and what to do on any budget.
30 Awesome Things To Do In Newport Beach
Sunset in Newport Beach, California, USA
Balboa end boardwalk, Newport Beach
Balboa Pier . Newport Beach . California
4. The Rooftop Lounge in Laguna Beach. 10 incredible rooftop restaurants in Southern California
Things To Do in Newport Beach - Orange County California at it's best! #EnrichYourSenses
Newport Beach, California, USA
A Balboa Island staple - Dad's Donut & Bakery Shop is famous for their Balboa Bars and frozen bananas -- read the full Newport Beach neighborhood guide to get our full list of must-dos in the area!
the.well.traveled.wife: guide to laguna beach & newport


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For Sale: heavy duty 10-foot work bench with big cabinet $150; pull behind cart $150 603-5315
For Sale: 4 brown metal chairs $25; 5 shelf hutch $300; 6 qt. roaster oven $10 631-6930
For Sale: DR table and 6 chairs; futon bed 578-7991
Garage Sale: Fri-Sat 8AM—4PM (inside) at 1138 Knox Rd. in Bradyville (turn at flashing light off John Bragg Highway). 563-3027
For Sale Susie Q baby bed $60; folding baby bed/changer $50; neo-preen chest wader $50 653-6986
Yard Sale: 7AM-5PM Fri. and Sat. (children's items, toys, etc.) 110 Terrytown Dr. in Smyrna 751-7736
For Sale: Taurus 380 handgun; 357 rifle; pressure washer 931-575-9861
FridaySmyrna at Oakland6p pregame, 7p kickoff
Riverdale Coach Will Kriesky - 8:05amSmyrna Coach Matt Williams - 8:25amBlackman Coach David Watson - 8:40amLa Vergne Coach Stanton Stevens - 9:00amOakland Coach Kevin Creasy - 9:15amStewarts Creek Coach David Martin - 9:30amSiegel Coach Greg Wyant - 9:45amEagleville Coach Floyd Walker - 10:00am
MTCS Cougar Corner presented by Hall Bowling Automotive10:15amwith Coach Fred Shambaugh
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Organic Bakery TM
|About Us
|Healthy Q&A
|Contact Us
NEW NEW NEW In the spirit of CSAs, we are launching our very own CSB - Community Supported Bakery Shares, more info here NEW NEW NEW
Welcome to Monika's Organic Bakery
Where we use ingredients so healthy, even Mother-nature would approve!
Staying true to our German roots, all the artisan baked goods you will find here are hand-made and contain nothing but the best, highest quality ingredients and LOTS of LOVE.
We source ORGANIC and GMO-free ingredients and buy local if possible.
Thanks for stopping by - now, go ahead, browse the goodies and remember to stop by at one of the farmers' markets we set up shop at to say hi. And if you're not in the area, drop us a line - We love to hear from you!!!!
|Our mission is to provide high quality, health-giving foods at reasonable costs while supporting local communities and efforts to protect the environment.
We are very honored to have been featured in the Beacon News!!! Check
out the article below
"Baker Recreates Tastes From Childhood" Article
| 2016 Summer Farmers' Markets where you'll find Monika's Organic Bakery products:
1. Winfield
2. St. Charles
3. Batavia
4. Huntley
5. Naperville
Click on the "Locations" tab above for more details on Farmers' Markets and product availability at other locations.
"LIKE" our Facebook page for updates and special announcements.


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October means it's time for another batch of Cheap Thrills. Take a look at some of our favorite inexpensive finds and happenings we're excited about this month!
Louisville Shopping Finds & Gifts
Check out StyleBlueprint Louisville Finds for ideas from some of the best from Louisville's local shopping scene. We give you tastes of interior design, fashion, and Louisville gift ideas plus some pretty great bargains at our favorite local stores as well as worthy splurges. These gift lifts and monthly spotlights showcase the best of our amazing shops, boutiques and services.
Our Favorite Fall Finds for October 2016 in Louisville
Get your boots out, your chili on the stove and turn on the football game. Fall is in the air, and our October SB FINDS are out!
16 Amazing FINDS to Transition Into Fall
September FINDS are out! We've got you covered during this transitional time between summer and fall.
10 Items Worth Splurging on in Louisville
We all need a break from the mundane, the routine, the ennui, the sameness of everything in our lives. Time to sit back and enjoy these Luxe Loves we've uncovered around town. Let the luxury wash over you!
SB FINDS Louisville: August 2016
The finale of summer is upon us, and we have all the perfect SB FINDS to get you through the month.
Jul 23: "Sustain the Grain" opening at Revelry Boutique Gallery
Revelry Boutique Gallery is welcoming Bobby Hinkel back for his second exhibition titled "Sustain the Grain". There will be an opening reception on Saturday, July 23 from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. You can expect to see a myriad of colors and shapes in the form of textural, geometric wooden masterpieces. Through his passion for
SB FINDS Louisville: July 2016
July marks the midway point of summer, when you'll find the best of the best in local boutiques. Gear up for the rest of the season with these great FINDS.
Cheap Thrills: June 2016
There's lots to buy and lots to do this summer that won't break your budget. Here's a great roundup of cheap thrills around Louisville.
SB FINDS Louisville: June 2016
Summer! Finally! Here's our list of great FINDS to start the season right. Sit back, relax and enjoy.
SB FINDS Louisville: May 2016
May is busy with Derby, Mother's Day, graduation and numerous other celebrations. That's a lot of gifts on your "need to buy" list! Check out our curated FINDS here to help with that process.
12 Luxe Loves to Get You in the Derby Spirit
Living in the lap of luxury is easy here in Louisville, especially with these luxe finds in your life.
SB FINDS Louisville, Derby Edition: April 2016
Less than a month until Derby, and we are getting ready! Here's a month's worth of great FINDS, all celebrating this decidedly Louisville event.
SB FINDS Louisville: March 2016
Who's ready for spring? Here are some great March FINDS to help us transition out of winter.
Find Your Cheap Thrills Here!
Twice a year, we share some great deals you can score around town. Here are your Cheap Thrills. Enjoy!
A Dozen Jewelry Finds for Your Sweetie
Here are a dozen jewelry gifts found locally that are the perfect gift for Valentine's Day — or any day!
SB FINDS Louisville: February 2016
How do we love February? Let our SB FINDS count the ways …
SB FINDS Louisville: January 2016
Today, we offer you a respite from all that dieting and exercise with some comfy, cozy and soft SB FINDS for January.
Luxe Loves, Louisville Edition: December 2015
You've been good, right? Then Santa needs to know about all these luxe loves you've added to your gift list.
Fabulous Hostess Gifts to Score at Local Stores
Not the same old bottle of wine again! Here are some great hostess gifts to bring to the next holiday party.
The Ultimate Louisville Gift Guide: 50 Gifts Under $50
Here it is! The gift guide you've been anticipating: 50 Gifts Under $50!
SB FINDS Louisville: November 2015
November is filled with gratitude, and we are grateful for all these great FINDS this month.
Luxe Loves: A Herend Tureen, Chanel Handbag and More
These luxe loves are definitely wants, not needs. They are lovely, perfect for springtime and very much worth the splurge.
SB FINDS Louisville: March 2015
Louisville is ready for spring and all its bright colors. Here are some fun FINDS for March that will shed some light on this wintery mix.
SB FINDS Louisville: February 2015
Love your Valentine or love your city with these fabulous February FINDS.


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Recorded at Chicago's Metro amidst the former Minutemen bassist's 1995 solo tour.
Album Reviews
Mike Watt to release live album featuring Eddie Vedder, members of Foo Fighters
Adult Swim's Space Ghost Coast to Coast is now free to stream online
Watch episodes starring Pavement, David Byrne, Thom Yorke, and other musical guests.
Dave Grohl joins Prophets of Rage for another kick-ass live cover of MC5's "Kick Out the Jams" — watch
Foo Fighters frontman joined the already formidable supergroup onstage at LA's Forum.
Dave Grohl's mother wrote a book about rock stars' moms
Featuring interviews with the musical madrés of Dr. Dre, Michael Stipe, Mike D, HAIM, and others.
Dave Grohl hits the studio with Korn
Longtime Foo Fighters' producer Nick Raskulinecz is helming the band's forthcoming LP, The Serenity of Suffering.
Dave Grohl joins Prophets of Rage for live cover of MC5's "Kick Out the Jams" — watch
Foo Fighters frontman makes surprise appearance in Toronto.
Producer Butch Vig credits Dave Grohl's drumming for "90 percent" of Nirvana's Nevermind sound
"I just kept pacing around the room and going, 'Oh, my god. This sounds fuckin' amazing.'"
Dave Grohl returns the favor, gifts Lionel Richie with massive muffin basket
Richie previously sent sweets to the Foo frontman after he broke his leg.
Axl Rose, hobbled by a broken foot, performed last night's Guns N' Roses show in Dave Grohl's throne
Axl, Slash, and Duff kick off the Not In This Lifetime Tour with a show to remember.
Rolling Stone releases list of the 100 Greatest Drummers, and Neil Peart is not No. 1
Also, Tool's Danny Carey and Dave Grohl fail to crack the top 25.
Dave Grohl writes letter in support of teenage metal band who've been banned by county council
Black Leaves of Envy are so loud, they're not longer allowed to practice in Cornwall, England.
Butch Vig discusses "Smells Like Teen Spirit" inspiration, Kurt Cobain-Dave Grohl relationship
Nirvana producer also discusses his upcoming projects with Grohl.


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Additional Resources for Your Classroom
Find over 300 resources that include teacher guides, student supplements, teacher training modules and so much more.
Common Core State Standard
SL.CCS.1/2/3/4 Grades 6-12: An essay of a current news event is provided for discussion to encourage participation, but also inspire the use of evidence to support logical claims using the main ideas of the article. Students must analyze background information provided about a current event within the news, draw out the main ideas and key details, and review different opinions on the issue. Then, students should present their own claims using facts and analysis for support.
Is there a learning gap between boys and girls in school?
Look carefully to get a sense of whether the paper presents men and women in a balanced way. Does either gender seem to be quoted more, pictured more or presented in stereotyped ways?
Ask for comments about favorite sections or features. Are there gender differences?
Does a journalist's gender matter? See if students believe there's a difference in style, tone or approach in columns or reviews by men and those written by women.
Academic gains by girls in American schools overall have not shortchanged male classmates, according to new research looking for a "gender gap" in classrooms. School success is more closely associated with family income than with gender, specialists say.
"Girls' gains have not come at boys' expense," says a new report, titled "Where the Girls Are: The Facts About Gender Equity in Education." Although girls graduate from high school and college at a higher rate than boys, the biggest gaps in educational achievement are between students from different races, ethnic backgrounds and family income levels.
School "gender gap" claims date back to the 1990s, when the university women's group and others said boys got more attention from teachers and were steered toward math and science more than girls. More recently, advocates for boys have argued that the tide had turned and that boys were falling behind. Some schools respond with single-sex classes or increased attention and spending for boys.
High school grades: Girls get better grades on average than boys, but from 1990 to 2005 both genders have improved their average GPAs.
College graduation: Men earn more college degrees today than in the 1970s, although women receive more degrees than men.
Income gap: "Perhaps the most compelling argument against a boys crisis is that men continue to out-earn women in the workplace." – 'Where the Girls Are' report
Front Page Talking Points is written by Felix Grabowski and Alan Stamm for NIEonline.com, Copyright 2016
We welcome comments or suggestions for future topics: Click here to Comment
Front Page Talking Points Archive
►Election security: Mischief can't sway presidential vote outcome, officials insist
►New space race: Two companies compete to offer Mars 'tourism' flights in coming decades
►A Nobel Prize salutes scientists who create tiny molecular devices -- 'the world's smallest machines'
►Washington's newest museum celebrates African American history and culture
►Face-to-face: Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump spar Monday in the first of three debates
►Climate change: Rising oceans already have a soggy impact in some coastal U.S. cities
►Protests on the Plains: Oil pipeline project near Indian reservation spurs demonstrations and legal fight
►New study of dogs' brains may change -- or confirm -- your view of their intelligence
►Evidence of an Earth-like planet sounds like science fiction, but isn't
►See what's fresh in styles, accessories and electronic learning for the new school year


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Maine McDonald's Senior All-Star Basketball Teams Announced
The members of the 2014 Maine McDonald's Senior All-Star basketball teams were announced (Feb. 19) today.
The members of the 2014 Maine McDonald's Senior All-Star basketball teams were announced (Feb. 19) today.
Last night I had fun doing my live broadcast at McDonald's on Main St. in Waterville. Between midnight and 4am, they have both breakfast and dinner options and you can mix choices. You can have fries with your Egg McMuffin or a hash brown with your Big Mac for example. Both the lobby and drive thru are open 24 hours a day for your hunger and they also have a great Playland for use during the more prime hours. I will say they look to be a fun bunch of people work with.
Gotta love it when Laura stops by from McDonald's on Western Avenue in Augusta. Love her attitude, her smiling face and, of course, the goodies she brings!
Earlier today I had a fun time at McDonald's in Newport. This week it's their grand re-opening. They have lots of 99 cent specials this week including their 6 piece McNuggets, Egg White Delight and sausage burrito.
Adam Levine of "The Voice" and the band Maroon 5 says he takes all of his first dates to where else, but McDonald's. Nothing wrong with a bit of Micky D's, but to dress up and go there on a first date? Okay, I guess whatever floats your boat.
Things got weird in the burger wars yesterday when hackers broke into the Burger King Twitter page and started firing off pro-McDonald's tweets.
Okay, this was fun! I worked the window at Mickey D's on New County Road (Rt 1) in Thomaston with my new buddy Sabrina (Beanie) and got to meet a ton of great people who came sailing through the drive-thru for lunch. I would LOVE this job...but ONLY as a greeter and passer. Put a headset on me and make me multi-task, and you can kiss your business goodbye....
I am not sure where it came from, but someone left me a Hello Kitty Happy Meal toy. But, THANK YOU! I LOVE Happy Meal toys. I still have all my McDonald's Teenie Beanie Babies...
Good news/bad news. The good news is we found your nose ring!! The bad news is that it was in somebody's McDonald's breakfast burrito in Lawrenceville, Georgia. So we might not be eating another one of those for a while, because yuck.
Earlier tonight I had a live broadcast at McDonald's on Kennedy Memorial Drive in Waterville. McDonald's is one of my favorite places to do events. Maybe it's the food? Maybe it's the nostalgia attached to fast food and being a teenager working at a restaurant?


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Situated in the village of Cleland on the outskirts of Motherwell we are delighted to welcome this immaculate ground floor flat to the market. This bright, spacious property is in true walk in condition and comprises; open plan lounge/kitchen with ample space for dining, master bedroom with en-su...
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Orange Madness brought in Syracuse's men's and women's basketball seasons with a bang.
Columnist Cheryl Costa tells the story of Yeshi, a personal secretary to a Tibetan Buddhist Lama, and his encounter.
This weekend's CNY events have the potential to positively resonate with you for a long time.
Students are curious during election season. Let's let them be curious.
CNY's own Katharine Clark Gray kicks off Cuse Film Fest with her flick, "The Paper Store."
Being prepared is part of the pie recipe at Heart'n Hand Bakery.
Hitchcock's "Blackmail" receives new score at Cuse Film Fest.
Two sinister one-act shows scare at the Cortland Rep.
Dracula Jones to haunt the Lost Horizon in celebration of 25 years.
Free will astrology for Oct. 19-25, 2016.
Michael Davis' photos of Syracuse's stunner against No. 17 Virginia Tech.
Michael Davis' photos of the fall foliage in the Adirondacks.
The fact that North Korea isn't a direct threat right now doesn't guarantee it won't be one later on.
Columnist Cheryl Costa recounts the tale of two young men's other-worldly encounter 40 years ago.
Katko has smoothly distanced himself from Trump throughout his campaign.


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to Ford Explorer and Ranger owner generated reviews, discussion, tech tips, how to articles, off-road modifications, events, and more! Since 1996 we have been the #1 Ford Explorer resource on the Internet. We also cover the Explorer Sport Trac, Mercury Mountaineer, Lincoln Navigator, Mazda Navajo, Mazda Pickups, and the Aerostar.
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Tech Tip: Fuel filter change 07up Sport Trac
Discussion in '2007 - 2010 Explorer Sport Trac' started by stylin99, February 22, 2010.
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