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Decommissioning of an argonaut type reactor at the Technical University of Catalonia in Barcelona (Spain)
The reactor ARGOS is a training nuclear reactor that was active, from 1962 to 1976, at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona (Spain). It is an Argonaut type experimental Reactor with 10 kW of maximal thermal power, and was set up by the main Spanish Nuclear Research Centre, presently named CIEMAT, in the period 1958-1962. In 1977, the nuclear installation was halted for technical, economical and administrative reasons. The fuel burn-up of the reactor was 2.7 kWh. In 1992 the fuel was removed from the site and a dismantling project was launched by an academic team of the UPC Nuclear Energy Department. In 1998 the Spanish authorities approved the dismantling plan which was based on the IAEA document Planning and Management of the Decommissioning of Research and Other Small Nuclear Facilities, IAEA 1993. In this plan the University proposed to set up its own dismantling group mainly based on its own academic staff and experimental facilities
Analysis of credible accidents for Argonaut reactors. Report for October 1980-April 1981
Five areas of potential accidents have been evaluated for the Argonaut-UTR reactors. They are: insertion of excess reactivity, catastrophic rearrangement of the core, explosive chemical reaction, graphite fire, and a fuel-handling accident
Argonaut type reactor for the best possible Phase Ia training of nuclear plant operators
The Argonaut type reactor is an excellent training tool for the training of Electric Utility Nuclear Plant Operators. The training advantages of this type of reactor can best be seen by comparing its design characteristics to a typical large pressurized water reactor and other research/training reactors not necessary for reactor operator training are explained. Some minor modifications of the Argonaut at UCLA would prove valuable and are under consideration. A complete one week Phase Ia training program proposal has been made by UCLA to selected utilities and a summary of this program is presented
The Siemens-Argonaut reactor as a driver zone for a high-temperature reactor cell. Der Siemens-Argonaut-Reaktor als Treiberzone fuer eine Hochtemperaturreaktorzelle
Mueller, H.; Schuerrer, F.; Ninaus, W.; Oswald, K.; Rabitsch, H.; Kreiner, H. (Technische Univ., Graz (Austria). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik und Reaktorphysik); Neef, R.D. (Kernforschungsanlage Juelich G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Reaktorentwicklung)
To enable a validation of neutron physics calculation methods for pebble bed reactors the inner reflector of an Argonaut research reactor was substituted by a full of about 1200 fuel elements of the AVR-Juelich type. The report describes the measuring instruments and the reactor physical layout of the arrangement by the code packages GAMTEREX, ZUT-D.G.L. and MUPO. Comparison of calculated reaction rates with measurements show good agreement. Application of the codes to high-temperature reactors in abnormal states is envisaged. (Author, translated by G.Q.)
CERREX Software Applied to a Research Reactor of the Generic Argonaut Type. Appendix IV
This appendix presents the results of a cost calculation for the dismantling of a research reactor of the generic ARGONAUT type, performed using CERREX, and compares the results with a cost estimate obtained by the facility owners. The ARGONAUT reactor was first developed at the Argonne National Laboratories, USA. Typical roles and the main features of the ARGONAUT included: Participation in training activities in neutron flow and neutron activation analysis; Support for public research of irradiation of materials, implementation of analytical techniques using a neutron source and production of radioisotopes; Provision of similar services to companies under a contractual framework; A maximum power of 100 kW, with power typically between 1 and 100 W used for teaching purposes and up to 100 kW for irradiation. The reactor was dismantled between 2006 and 2008. The duration of the decommissioning site works estimated by the facility owners was 13 months, assuming 21 working days per month and 8 working hours per day (8 x 21 x 12 = 2016 working hours per year, see cell V2 in the 'ISDC' tab). Furthermore, the owners assumed six workers to be present on-site at any given time
Determination of one spectral index at the argonaut reactor
One spectral index at the Argonauta Reactor was determined. The Westcott formalism was employed assuming two components: Maxwellian and 1/E. The values of g(T) and s(T) were obtained from the Westcott definitions by means of the Breit - Wigner formula for the cross section. The r and T were determined for one point at the core of Argonauta Reactor. (author)
Decommissioning the Jason Argonaut research reactor at a world heritage site
The Jason low power Argonaut type, water and graphite moderated reactor was located in King William Building, which is a Grade 1 listed building within the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, London. The College itself is a Scheduled Ancient Monument with World Heritage Site status and is situated about a mile from the Greenwich Dome. The decision to decommission Jason to International Atomic Energy Agency Stage 3 status (unrestricted site use) was taken in 1996. All physical decommissioning work was completed by October 1999, site radiological clearance was obtained in November 1999, the site license was withdrawn and the site was handed over for future unrestricted use on 9 December 1999. The Jason decommissioning project was safely completed to time, cost and quality by the Millennium [2] without any adverse effects on World Heritage aspects of the site. In this paper details are provided about the Jason fuel removal phase and an outline of the other phases of the project
Report on the interpretation of critical experiments in the Siemens-Argonaut-Reactor Graz to study water ingress into spherical elements. Ergebnisbericht zur Auslegung kritischer Experimente am Siemens-Argonaut-Reaktor Graz zum Studium des Wassereinbruches im Kugelhaufen
Schuerrer, F. (Technische Univ., Graz (Austria). Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik und Reaktorphysik); Neef, R.D. (Kernforschungsanlage Juelich G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Reaktorentwicklung)
The experiments described are of interest in the study of water contamination in HTR fuel elements. The Siemens Argonaut Reactor (SAR) has been considered as a research tool for a simulation experiment. Following a brief description of the SAR, planned programs are discussed in 'dry' and 'wet' cores. Detector foil types and locations are noted. A theoretical model is developed and nuclide concentrations estimated in the various spectral zones. Reactivity calculations have been made and are summarised for various H{sub 2}O percentage concentrations. The discussion is supported by simplified core layout diagrams and graphs of core flux distributions. Neutron diffusion and spectra calculations are referenced to computer programs used by KFA-Juelich, published elsewhere, and include GAM, THERMOS, MUPO and EXTERMINATOR-2. (G.C.)
Upgrading the Siemens Argonaut Reactor Graz with a digital monitoring system
This paper presents a modern design of a reactor monitoring system (MS) which was developed for a research reactor. This MS is using digital concepts, and it is more flexible than an analog MS, it co-operates better with the user, and it is a very helpful tool for a training-reactor in an university environment. The heart of the system is a process computer, and it was possible to access all important signals and functions of the original nuclear instrumentation by additional hardware. The monitoring software was written in C for the platform '32Bit-DOS-protected-mode' and shows on several high-resolution screen pages all the collected signals and the working conditions of the reactor. Moreover, all signals which are recorded on the random access memory can be saved to the hard disk of the computer and may thereby be used offline as well.(author)
Report on the interpretation of critical experiments in the Siemens-Argonaut-Reactor Graz to study water ingress into spherical elements
The experiments described are of interest in the study of water contamination in HTR fuel elements. The Siemens Argonaut Reactor (SAR) has been considered as a research tool for a simulation experiment. Following a brief description of the SAR, planned programs are discussed in 'dry' and 'wet' cores. Detector foil types and locations are noted. A theoretical model is developed and nuclide concentrations estimated in the various spectral zones. Reactivity calculations have been made and are summarised for various H2O percentage concentrations. The discussion is supported by simplified core layout diagrams and graphs of core flux distributions. Neutron diffusion and spectra calculations are referenced to computer programs used by KFA-Juelich, published elsewhere, and include GAM, THERMOS, MUPO and EXTERMINATOR-2. (G.C.)
The Use of the 10-kW Argonaut Reactor at Petten for Radioactivation, including the Quantitative Aspects of Short-Time Irradiations
Some problems and possibilities in performing activation analysis with a small reactor using short irradiation times are described. A brief survey is given of the reactor and its application for chemical purposes. Three problems occurring when working with a small reactor and the solution we have found for them are discussed: (a) the calibration of short-lived radioisotopes using direct γ-spectrometry; (b) the evaluation of the inevitable errors adherent in activation analysis using short irradiation times; and (c) the analytical use of (n, α) reactions by measurement during irradiation. Some results are mentioned. (author)
Modeling and analysis of Schistosoma Argonaute protein molecular spatial conformation
Jianhua Zhang
Conclusions: The information relationship between the structure and function of the Argonaute protein can be initially established with bioinformatics tools and the internet server, and this provides the theoretical basis for further clarifying the function of Schistosoma Argonaute protein.
Domain motions of Argonaute, the catalytic engine of RNA interference
Wall Michael E; Ming Dengming; Sanbonmatsu Kevin Y
Abstract Background The Argonaute protein is the core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, playing the central role of cleaving the mRNA target. Visual inspection of static crystal structures already has enabled researchers to suggest conformational changes of Argonaute that might occur during RNA interference. We have taken the next step by performing an all-atom normal mode analysis of the Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute crystal structures, allowing us to quant...
Effects of Argonaute on Gene Expression in Thermus thermophilus
Swarts, D.C.; Koehorst, J.J.; Westra, E.R.; Schaap, P.J.; Oost, van der, J.
BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins mediate RNA-guided RNA interference, allowing both regulation of host gene expression and defense against invading mobile genetic elements. Recently, it has become evident that prokaryotic Argonaute homologs mediate DNA-guided DNA interference, and play a role in host defense. Argonaute of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo) targets invading plasmid DNA during and after transformation. Using small interfering DNA guides, TtAgo can cleave single...
Effects of Argonaute on Gene Expression in Thermus thermophilus
Background Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins mediate RNA-guided RNA interference, allowing both regulation of host gene expression and defense against invading mobile genetic elements. Recently, it has become evident that prokaryotic Argonaute homologs mediate DNA-guided DNA interference, and play a role in host defense. Argonaute of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo) targets invading plasmid DNA during and after transformation. Using small interfering DNA guides, TtAgo can cleave single ...
The Crystal Structure of Human Argonaute2
Schirle, Nicole T.; MacRae, Ian J. (Scripps)
Argonaute proteins form the functional core of the RNA-induced silencing complexes that mediate RNA silencing in eukaryotes. The 2.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human Argonaute2 (Ago2) reveals a bilobed molecule with a central cleft for binding guide and target RNAs. Nucleotides 2 to 6 of a heterogeneous mixture of guide RNAs are positioned in an A-form conformation for base pairing with target messenger RNAs. Between nucleotides 6 and 7, there is a kink that may function in microRNA target recognition or release of sliced RNA products. Tandem tryptophan-binding pockets in the PIWI domain define a likely interaction surface for recruitment of glycine-tryptophan-182 (GW182) or other tryptophan-rich cofactors. These results will enable structure-based approaches for harnessing the untapped therapeutic potential of RNA silencing in humans.
Saalivalvurid varastavad ka Barcelonas
Hispaania politsei tabas Barcelona Arheoloogiamuuseumi saalivalvuri Manuel Gasca, kes varastas muuseumi hoidlaist umbes 35 miljoni Eesti krooni ulatuses vana-egiptuse, foiniikia, etruski ja vana-rooma arheoloogilisi leide (mündid, keraamika, skulptuur jt.) ning itaalia graafiku Giambattista Piranesi 150 gravüüri.
Spent fuel situation at the ASTRA Seibersdorf and the TRIGA Vienna research reactors
In the past decades Austria operated three research reactors, the 10 MW ASTRA reactor at Seibersdorf, the 250 kW TRIGA reactor at the Atomic Institut Vienna and the 1 kW Argonaut reactor at the Technical University in Graz. Since the shut down on July 31st, 1999 and decommissioning of the ASTRA reactor and the shut down of the ARGONAUT reactor Graz on July 31, 2004 only the TRIGA reactor remains operational. The MTR fuel elements of the ASTRA reactor have been shipped in spring 2001 to Savannah River and the fuel plates from the ARGONAUT reactor Graz in December 2005 under the DOE fuel return programme. (author)
Functional dissection of a plant Argonaute.
Fátyol, Károly; Ludman, Márta; Burgyán, József
RNA guided ribonuclease complexes play central role in RNA interference. Members of the evolutionarily conserved Argonaute protein family form the catalytic cores of these complexes. Unlike a number of other plant Argonautes, the role of AGO2 has been obscure until recently. Newer data, however, have indicated its involvement in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. Despite its suggested importance, there is no detailed characterization of this protein to date. Here we report cloning and molecular characterization of the AGO2 protein of the virological model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. We show that AGO2 can directly repress translation via various miRNA target site constellations (ORF, 3' UTR). Interestingly, although AGO2 seems to be able to silence gene expression in a slicing independent fashion, its catalytic activity is still a prerequisite for efficient translational repression. Additionally, mismatches between the 3' end of the miRNA guide strand and the 5' end of the target site enhance gene silencing by AGO2. Several functionally important amino acid residues of AGO2 have been identified that affect its small RNA loading, cleavage activity, translational repression potential and antiviral activity. The data presented here help us to understand how AGO2 aids plants to deal with stress. PMID:26673719
Barcelona A ja B = Barcelona A and B / Inga Raukas
Raukas, Inga, 1967-
Barcelona arendamisest. Herzog ja de Meuroni büroos kavandatud Foorumi näitusekeskuses 2006. a. märtsist juuni alguseni avatud näitusest "Barcelona in Progress", mis püüab haarata eduloo ajalugu ja tulevikku. Bibliograafia lk. 71
Roqué, Xavier; Roca Rosell, Antoni
We provide a tour of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, following four routes through the city and one elsewhere in the city and beyond, focusing on sites of importance in physics. Route 1 covers the Old Town, its Gothic Quarter, Plac ̧a del Rei , Plac ̧a de Sant Jaume , and Jewish Quarter. Route 2 identifies sites on and close to La Rambla , the main promenade in the city. Route 3 goes from the medieval shipyards to the Board of Commerce to Citadel Park. Route 4...
Time and myth: the Argonauts in Ljubljana
Ana María Sánchez Tarrío
Full Text Available This papers gives a breif overview of research in its initial phases, which examines, from the perspective of the construction of national identity, the traditional theme of the enduring and timeless nature of Classical myths and in particular the ancient myth, which is the subject of Borges's sharp irony in his short-story "The immortal". The reception of the Argonauts myth in Slovenian culture, initiated by the work of Janez Vajkard or Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor (1641–1693, offers a significant case-study, which also highlights the relevance of Humanist and Baroque culture in the critical history of European nationalism. Writing before the emergence in Europe of the Hegelian conception of "Volkgeist", the polymath writer applied a humanistic approach to patriotic themes, revealing Slovene culture, hybrid from its origins, to the wider world. A characteristic feature of his approach was the fusion of earlier textual tradition with contemporary oral material. Both in Slovenia and in the rest of Europe the comparison of the nineteenth century treatment of material dealing with national identity with its earlier treatment and transmission by humanist writers highlights the importance of the 16th and 17th centuries in the configuration of the different national faces of Europe as well as the significant role of common Greek and Latin roots. As a result, the myth of the Argonauts in Ljubljana, against the backdrop of idealistic or essentialist nationalist faiths, has the not inconsiderable virtue of underscoring the contaminatio that is characteristic of the construction of national identity.
A bacterial Argonaute with noncanonical guide RNA specificity.
Kaya, Emine; Doxzen, Kevin W; Knoll, Kilian R; Wilson, Ross C; Strutt, Steven C; Kranzusch, Philip J; Doudna, Jennifer A
Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins induce gene silencing by small RNA-guided recognition and cleavage of mRNA targets. Although structural similarities between human and prokaryotic Argonautes are consistent with shared mechanistic properties, sequence and structure-based alignments suggested that Argonautes encoded within CRISPR-cas [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated] bacterial immunity operons have divergent activities. We show here that the CRISPR-associated Marinitoga piezophila Argonaute (MpAgo) protein cleaves single-stranded target sequences using 5'-hydroxylated guide RNAs rather than the 5'-phosphorylated guides used by all known Argonautes. The 2.0-Å resolution crystal structure of an MpAgo-RNA complex reveals a guide strand binding site comprising residues that block 5' phosphate interactions. Using structure-based sequence alignment, we were able to identify other putative MpAgo-like proteins, all of which are encoded within CRISPR-cas loci. Taken together, our data suggest the evolution of an Argonaute subclass with noncanonical specificity for a 5'-hydroxylated guide. PMID:27035975
Research reactors in Austria - Present situation
In the past decades Austria operated three research reactors, the 10 MW ASTRA reactor at Seibersdorf, the 250 kW TRIGA reactor at the Atominstitut and the 1 kW Argonaut reactor at the Technical University in Graz. Since the shut down of the ASTRA on July 31th, 1999 and its immediate decommissioning reactor and the shut down of the Argonaut reactor in Graz on August 31st, 2004 only one reactor remains operational for keeping nuclear competence in Austria which is the 250 kW TRIGA Mark II reactor. (author)
@City: technologising Barcelona
Rojas, Jesús
Full Text Available This article is about the concept of the contemporary city - the influence that technology has when one thinks about, plans and lives in a city. The conjunction of technology and city reformulates customs and social practices; it can even determine the way one constitutes one's own identity. One can see how close the relation is between technology (specifically, TICS and the structures of the city in a wide variety of situations: in social interactions on the street, in transport, and in ways of buying, of working and entertainment. "@City" is a concept that very well reflects the emergent properties of a current city, that is, the coexistence of a physical and a virtual urban space. The "22@Barcelona" project attempts to bring together different types of spaces. By combining the physical with the virtual, 22@Barcelona, as a neighborhood of @City, creates an uncertain and blurred border between both spaces.The article also examines the impact that these spaces have on the psycho-social processes involved in the daily life of a traditionally working-class neighborhood, now strongly limited by technological boundaries.
Argonaute of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus is a DNA-guided nuclease that targets cognate DNA
Swarts, Daan C.; Hegge, Jorrit W.; Hinojo, Ismael; Shiimori, Masami; Ellis, Michael A.; Dumrongkulraksa, Justin; Terns, Rebecca M.; Terns, Michael P.; van der Oost, John
Functions of prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgo) have long remained elusive. Recently, Argonautes of the bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Thermus thermophilus were demonstrated to be involved in host defense. The Argonaute of the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (PfAgo) belongs to a different branch in the phylogenetic tree, which is most closely related to that of RNA interference-mediating eukaryotic Argonautes. Here we describe a functional and mechanistic characterization of PfAgo. Like the bac...
Domain motions of Argonaute, the catalytic engine of RNA interference
Wall Michael E
Full Text Available Abstract Background The Argonaute protein is the core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex, playing the central role of cleaving the mRNA target. Visual inspection of static crystal structures already has enabled researchers to suggest conformational changes of Argonaute that might occur during RNA interference. We have taken the next step by performing an all-atom normal mode analysis of the Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute crystal structures, allowing us to quantitatively assess the feasibility of these conformational changes. To perform the analysis, we begin with the energy-minimized X-ray structures. Normal modes are then calculated using an all-atom molecular mechanics force field. Results The analysis reveals low-frequency vibrations that facilitate the accommodation of RNA duplexes – an essential step in target recognition. The Pyrococcus furiosus and Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute proteins both exhibit low-frequency torsion and hinge motions; however, differences in the overall architecture of the proteins cause the detailed dynamics to be significantly different. Conclusion Overall, low-frequency vibrations of Argonaute are consistent with mechanisms within the current reaction cycle model for RNA interference.
Soteras Mauri, J.
Full Text Available El fútbol, en su paso de deporte a espectáculo deportivo, ha traído, como consecuencia, un mayor arrastre de las masas hacia' los recintos de juego. Debido a ello, todos los clubs españoles se han visto en la necesidad de ampliar o construir de nuevo sus instalaciones deportivas para poder albergar a esta ingente riada de espectadores. El Club de Fútbol Barcelona ha terminado recientemente la primera fase de su nuevo estadio con un aforo provisional de noventa mil espectadores y que, cuando esté acabado, tendrá capacidad para ciento cincuenta mil; o sea: será uno de los mayores del mundo. El proyecto ha sido estudiado minuciosamente, no sólo en esencia, sino en potencia, ya que el nuevo estadio Gamper se ha incorporado a la panorámica de la ciudad como uno de sus elementos característicos por razón de su masa, aislamiento y singularidad.
Analysis of small RNA-Argonaute complexes in different organisms
Dueck, Anne
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nt in length. They are bound by members of the Argonaute protein family and play important roles in various processes including development, cellular homeostasis or response to external stimuli. Mis-regulations of miRNAs cause diseases such as cancers. In several chapters, this thesis describes miRNA profiles, miRNA and Argonaute protein characteristics as well as the de novo description of miRNAs and small RNAs in different cellular and ...
Dobson, Ken
The 18th biannual conference of GIREP was held in Barcelona from 27 August to 1 September 2000. GIREP stands for Groupe International de Recherche sur l'Enseignement de la Physique. Some 400 delegates from 53 countries attended the conference, whose main concern was Physics Teacher Education beyond 2000. All contributions had to made in English. A conference like this needs to be singularly interesting to keep delegates away from the sunsoaked attractions and delights of one of the most exciting cities in the world - even if some of the excitement comes from wondering whether or not you are going to get your pocket picked. A typical conference day begins with two or three plenary lectures in the morning, with the afternoon given over to a set of nine parallel sessions. These sessions consisted of tightly timetabled 20 minute talks or other types of presentation. This meant that even the most dedicated delegate could get to little more than 10% of the over 200 sessions that were on offer in the afternoons. The event was organized by Catalonian locals working at the conference site, the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and was superbly smooth. The list of organizations supporting the conference is too long to record, but ranged from the European Commission to Barcelona Science Museum. The UK can boast (if that is the right word) just 11 paid-up members of GIREP, which at about £10 per annum is hardly an expensive club - next year it goes up to 20 Euros - and the fee is worth it for the excellently produced book or CD-ROM of the conference proceedings. These contain a great deal of wisdom, plus the fair amount of infuriating rubbish that tends to be generated by educational research. I write here with all the prejudices of an aged ex-teacher, of course. The first morning lecture was given by Jon Ogborn, who used his recent work as organizer of the IoP post-16 Initiative to give some details of the Advancing Physics AS and A2 and make some general points about
Barcelona(s Cidade dos projectos ou projectos da cidade?
Margarida Queirós
Full Text Available Barcelona(s. A city of many Projects, or projects for thecity? The international image of Barcelona has come to be associated with an innovative urban model known as the "Barcelona model", which dates back to the 1980s. This model is not limited to such central aspects of urban planning as public policies and new economic strategies. Instead, some of its key features are concerned withsocial inclusion, urban culture and citizen participation. However, the model itself has evolved over time and has been the object of heated debates and controversy. The aim of the article is to discuss this model and some of the main praises and criticisms it raised. This is done with a view to contributing to the debate around the following challenge: how are we to achieve an adequate balance between short-term projects and long-term public and private urban planning strategies, as well as between public leadership and social consensus? The authors of the articles included in this issue ofFinisterra – for which this article also serves as an introduction – have undertaken substantial research on the political, economic and social processes that drive this city and its metropolitan area. They highlight some of the complex situations that arise at various scales within the context of this model and they discuss their various consequences.
Argonaute proteins: potential biomarkers for human colon cancer
Although Argonaute proteins are considered to play important roles in stem cell self-renewal, RNA interference (RNAi) and translational regulation, relatively little is known about their functions in human disease. In this study, we investigated the expression of eight members of human Argonaute family in colon cancer and identified their potential roles in tumor development and progression. Antibodies against human Argonaute proteins were prepared by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptides derived from the sequences of Argonaute members. Then we constructed a tissue microarray containing 75 specimens from colon cancer and 75 specimens from adjacent non-cancer tissue, and assayed eight different proteins (EIF2C1, EIF2C2, EIF2C3, EIF2C4, PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4) by immunohistochemistry on consecutive formalin-fixed tissue microarray sections. The expression of EIF2C1-4 and PIWIL1-4 was significantly higher in tumorous tissue than in adjacent tissue. Notably, a significant correlation was observed between the positive expression of EIF2C2, EIF2C3, EIF2C4, PIWIL4 and the presence of distant metastasis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased expression of EIF2C1 and PIWIL2 was significantly associated with occurrence of colon cancer tissue compared with non-cancer tissue. Argonaute proteins are overexpressed in colon cancer relative to adjacent non-cancer tissue. The expression of EIF2C2-4 and PIWIL4 appears increased in advanced tumors with distant metastasis, suggesting it may promote tumor invasion. Furthermore, EIF2C1 and PIWIL2 might represent novel colon cancer markers with early diagnostic significance
Identification and characterization of Argonaute gene family and meiosis-enriched Argonaute during sporogenesis in maize
Zuxin Zhang
Argonaute (AGO) proteins play a key role in regulation of gene expression through smal RNA‐directed RNA cleavage and translational repression, and are essential for multiple developmental processes. In the present study, 17 AGO genes of maize (Zea mays L., ZmAGOs) were identified using a Hidden Markov Model and validated by rapid amplifica-tion of cDNA ends assay. Subsequently, quantitative PCR revealed that expressions of these genes were higher in reproductive than in vegetative tissues. AGOs presented five temporal and spatial expression patterns, which were likely modulated by DNA methylation, 50‐untranslated exons and microRNA‐mediated feedback loops. Intriguingly, ZmAGO18b was highly expressed in tassels during meiosis. Furthermore, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence showed that ZmA- GO18b was enriched in the tapetum and germ cel s in meiotic anthers. We hypothesized that ZmAGOs are highly expressed in reproductive tissues, and that ZmAGO18b is a tapetum and germ cel‐specific member of the AGO family in maize.
DNA-guided DNA interference by a prokaryotic Argonaute
Swarts, Daan C.; Jore, Matthijs M.; Westra, Edze R.; Zhu, Yifan; Janssen, Jorijn H.; Snijders, Ambrosius P.; Wang, Yanli; Patel, Dinshaw J.; Berenguer, José; Brouns, Stan J. J.; van der Oost, John
RNA interference is widely distributed in eukaryotes and has a variety of functions, including antiviral defence and gene regulation1,2. All RNA interference pathways use small single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules that guide proteins of the Argonaute (Ago) family to complementary ssRNA targets: RNA-guided RNA interference1,2. The role of prokaryotic Ago variants has remained elusive, although bioinformatics analysis has suggested their involvement in host defence3. Here we demonstrate that A...
ATLAS Overview Week 2009 Barcelona
Claudia Marcelloni
From October 5th to October 9th about 400 physicists from the ATLAS Collaboration met in Barcelona (Catalonia) to discuss the status of the experiment. The event was organized by the Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), a member of the ATLAS Collaboration. Besides the Scientific program, few social events were organized, such as Reception at the Palau de Pedralbes, a visit to the Fundacio Joan Miro and a social dinner at Maremagnunm hall.
Isabel Pujadas Rúbies
Full Text Available El curso de vida de los hogares y de las personas van acompañados de cambios residenciales cada vez más frecuentes en las grandes áreas metropolitanas. Este artículo toma la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona como ejemplo para describir cómo los cambios sociodemográficos en los últimos decenios y los procesos de movilidad residencial inciden en la formación de un modelo territorial de los distintos tipos de hogares en las regiones metropolitanas.
Effects of Argonaute on Gene Expression in Thermus thermophilus.
Daan C Swarts
Full Text Available Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins mediate RNA-guided RNA interference, allowing both regulation of host gene expression and defense against invading mobile genetic elements. Recently, it has become evident that prokaryotic Argonaute homologs mediate DNA-guided DNA interference, and play a role in host defense. Argonaute of the bacterium Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo targets invading plasmid DNA during and after transformation. Using small interfering DNA guides, TtAgo can cleave single and double stranded DNAs. Although TtAgo additionally has been demonstrated to cleave RNA targets complementary to its DNA guide in vitro, RNA targeting by TtAgo has not been demonstrated in vivo.To investigate if TtAgo also has the potential to control RNA levels, we analyzed RNA-seq data derived from cultures of four T. thermophilus strain HB27 variants: wild type, TtAgo knockout (Δago, and either strain transformed with a plasmid. Additionally we determined the effect of TtAgo on expression of plasmid-encoded RNA and plasmid DNA levels.In the absence of exogenous DNA (plasmid, TtAgo presence or absence had no effect on gene expression levels. When plasmid DNA is present, TtAgo reduces plasmid DNA levels 4-fold, and a corresponding reduction of plasmid gene transcript levels was observed. We therefore conclude that TtAgo interferes with plasmid DNA, but not with plasmid-encoded RNA. Interestingly, TtAgo presence stimulates expression of specific endogenous genes, but only when exogenous plasmid DNA was present. Specifically, the presence of TtAgo directly or indirectly stimulates expression of CRISPR loci and associated genes, some of which are involved in CRISPR adaptation. This suggests that TtAgo-mediated interference with plasmid DNA stimulates CRISPR adaptation.
RNA Polymerase V transcription guides ARGONAUTE4 to chromatin
Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.; Ream, Thomas; Haag, Jeremy R.; Pikaard, Craig S.
Summary Retrotransposons and repetitive DNA elements in eukaryotes are silenced by small RNA-directed heterochromatin formation. In Arabidopsis, this process involves 24 nt siRNAs that bind to ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4) and facilitate the targeting of complementary loci1,2 via unknown mechanisms. Nuclear RNA Polymerase V is an RNA silencing enzyme recently shown to generate noncoding transcripts at loci silenced by 24nt siRNAs3. We show that AGO4 physically interacts with these Pol V transcripts and i...
A multitasking Argonaute: exploring the many facets of C. elegans CSR-1.
Wedeles, Christopher J; Wu, Monica Z; Claycomb, Julie M
While initial studies of small RNA-mediated gene regulatory pathways focused on the cytoplasmic functions of such pathways, identifying roles for Argonaute/small RNA pathways in modulating chromatin and organizing the genome has become a topic of intense research in recent years. Nuclear regulatory mechanisms for Argonaute/small RNA pathways appear to be widespread, in organisms ranging from plants to fission yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. As the effectors of small RNA-mediated gene regulatory pathways, Argonaute proteins guide the chromatin-directed activities of these pathways. Of particular interest is the C. elegans Argonaute, chromosome segregation and RNAi deficient (CSR-1), which has been implicated in such diverse functions as organizing the holocentromeres of worm chromosomes, modulating germline chromatin, protecting the genome from foreign nucleic acid, regulating histone levels, executing RNAi, and inhibiting translation in conjunction with Pumilio proteins. CSR-1 interacts with small RNAs known as 22G-RNAs, which have complementarity to 25 % of the protein coding genes. This peculiar Argonaute is the only essential C. elegans Argonaute out of 24 family members in total. Here, we summarize the current understanding of CSR-1 functions in the worm, with emphasis on the chromatin-directed activities of this ever-intriguing Argonaute. PMID:24178449
Characterization of Argonaute-related small RNA pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans
Batista, Pedro Jorge de Oliveira Rodrigues
Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Genética), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2011 In Small-RNA-mediated pathways, small RNAs engage a protein of the Argonaute family and utilize base-pairing interactions to identify and regulate complementary genetic information. My research has focused on understanding how diverse classes of small RNAs in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans interact with specific members of the Argonaute protein family to carry out unique bi...
La sederia a Barcelona al segle XV
Stojak, Ivana
La tesi investiga el desenvolupament de la manufactura de la seda a Barcelona durant el segle XV, especialment des del punt de vista del treball. Els objectius principals de la tesi han estat investigar la importància que havia tingut la manufactura de la seda a Barcelona durant el XV, quant al seu abast , el nombre d'artesans que s'havien dedicat a aquesta fabricació, i el seu desenvolupament, comprovant si realment es tractava d'una manufactura marginal . També s'ha procurat analitza...
Extreme flash floods in Barcelona County
A. Barrera
Full Text Available In this paper the catastrophic and extraordinary floods occurring in Barcelona County (Catalonia, NE Spain are studied, in order to characterise the temporal evolution of extreme flash floods in that area and their main features. These events usually cause economical losses and major problems for undertaking daily activity in Barcelona city. This kind of floods is a very common feature in the North-east of Spain and they are recorded every year in some point of Catalonia. This contribution also shows the frequency of those events, within the framework of all the floods that have occurred in Barcelona since the 14th century, but also describes the flooded area, urban evolution, impacts and the weather conditions for any of most severe events. The evolution of flood occurrence shows the existence of oscillations in the earlier and later modern age periods that can be attributed to climatic variability, evolution of the perception threshold and changes in vulnerability. A great increase of vulnerability can be assumed for the period 1850-1900. The analysis of the time evolution for the Barcelona rainfall series (1854-2000 shows that no trend exists, although, due to the changes in urban planning, flash-floods impact has changed over this time. The number of catastrophic flash floods has diminished, although the extraordinary ones have increased.
Robust RNAi enhancement via human Argonaute-2 overexpression from plasmids, viral vectors and cell lines
Börner, Kathleen; Niopek, Dominik; Cotugno, Gabriella; Kaldenbach, Michaela; Pankert, Teresa; Willemsen, Joschka; Zhang, Xian; Schürmann, Nina; Mockenhaupt, Stefan; Serva, Andrius; Hiet, Marie-Sophie; Wiedtke, Ellen; Castoldi, Mirco; Starkuviene, Vytaute; Erfle, Holger
As the only mammalian Argonaute protein capable of directly cleaving mRNAs in a small RNA-guided manner, Argonaute-2 (Ago2) is a keyplayer in RNA interference (RNAi) silencing via small interfering (si) or short hairpin (sh) RNAs. It is also a rate-limiting factor whose saturation by si/shRNAs limits RNAi efficiency and causes numerous adverse side effects. Here, we report a set of versatile tools and widely applicable strategies for transient or stable Ago2 co-expression, which overcome thes...
Argonautes promote male fertility and provide a paternal memory of germline gene expression in C. elegans
Conine, Colin C.; Moresco, James J.; Gu, Weifeng; Shirayama, Masaki; Conte, Darryl; Yates, John R.; Mello, Craig C
During each life cycle germ cells preserve and pass on both genetic and epigenetic information. In C. elegans, the ALG-3/4 Argonaute proteins are expressed during male gametogenesis and promote male fertility. Here we show that the CSR-1 Argonaute functions with ALG-3/4 to positively regulate target genes required for spermiogenesis. Our findings suggest that ALG-3/4 functions during spermatogenesis to amplify a small-RNA signal that represents an epigenetic memory of male-specific gene expre...
A survey of reasearch reactors based on the IAEA Nuclear Research Reactor Data Base (RRDB) was done. This database includes information on 273 operating research reactors ranging in power from zero to several hundred MW. From these 273 operating research reactors 205 reactors have a power level below 5 MW, the remaining 68 reactors range from 5 MW up to several 100 MW thermal power. The major reactor types with common design are: Siemens Unterrichtsreaktors, 1.2 Argonaut reactors, Slowpoke reactors, the miniature neutron source reactors, TRIGA reactors, material testing reactors and high flux reactors. Technical data such as: power, fuel material, fuel type, enrichment, maximum neutron flux density and experimental facilities for each reactor type as well as a description of their utilization in physics and chemistry, medicine and biology, academic research and teaching, training purposes (students and physicists, operating personnel), industrial application (neutron radiography, silicon neutron transmutation doping facilities) are provided. The geographically distribution of these reactors is also shown. As conclusions the author discussed the advantages (low capital cost, low operating cost, low burn up, simple to operate, safe, less restrictive containment and sitting requirements, versatility) and disadvantages (lower sensitivity for NAA, limited radioisotope production, limited use of neutron beams, limited access to the core, licensing) of low power research reactors. 24 figs., refs. 15, Tab. 1 (nevyjel)
Barcelona - Talent Latent 09 / Ahto Sooaru
Sooaru, Ahto
Fotonäitusest "Talent Latent 09" Barcelonas Arts Santa Monica kunstikeskuses. Loetletud näitusel eksponeeritud fotode autorid. Pikemalt Rafael Milach'i (sünd. 1978), Lucia Ganieva, Javier Marquerie Thomas'i (sünd. 1986), Amaury da Cunha (sünd. 1976) töödest. Lühidalt ka teistest näitustest Arts Santa Monica kunstikeskuses
Evaluation of performance of Son Tek Argonaut acoustic doppler velocity log in tow tank and sea
Joseph, A.; Madhan, R.; Mascarenhas, A.A.M.Q.; Desai, R.G.P.; VijayKumar, K.; Dias, M.; Tengali, S.; Methar, A.
Performance of a 500-kHz, 3-beam downward-looking Sontex Argonaut acoustic Doppler velocity log (DVL) based on measurements at tow-tank and sea is addressed. Its accuracy and linearity under tow-tank measurements were largely scattered...
ARGONAUTE10 and ARGONAUTE1 regulate the termination of floral stem cells through two microRNAs in Arabidopsis.
Lijuan Ji
Full Text Available Stem cells are crucial in morphogenesis in plants and animals. Much is known about the mechanisms that maintain stem cell fates or trigger their terminal differentiation. However, little is known about how developmental time impacts stem cell fates. Using Arabidopsis floral stem cells as a model, we show that stem cells can undergo precise temporal regulation governed by mechanisms that are distinct from, but integrated with, those that specify cell fates. We show that two microRNAs, miR172 and miR165/166, through targeting APETALA2 and type III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip genes, respectively, regulate the temporal program of floral stem cells. In particular, we reveal a role of the type III HD-Zip genes, previously known to specify lateral organ polarity, in stem cell termination. Both reduction in HD-Zip expression by over-expression of miR165/166 and mis-expression of HD-Zip genes by rendering them resistant to miR165/166 lead to prolonged floral stem cell activity, indicating that the expression of HD-Zip genes needs to be precisely controlled to achieve floral stem cell termination. We also show that both the ubiquitously expressed ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1 gene and its homolog AGO10, which exhibits highly restricted spatial expression patterns, are required to maintain the correct temporal program of floral stem cells. We provide evidence that AGO10, like AGO1, associates with miR172 and miR165/166 in vivo and exhibits "slicer" activity in vitro. Despite the common biological functions and similar biochemical activities, AGO1 and AGO10 exert different effects on miR165/166 in vivo. This work establishes a network of microRNAs and transcription factors governing the temporal program of floral stem cells and sheds light on the relationships among different AGO genes, which tend to exist in gene families in multicellular organisms.
Rearrangement of Barcelona serveis municipals customer services
Fullana Roger, Cristina
This document presents the report for the Final Degree Thesis. The subject of the project is the Rearrangement of the Customer Services of the public company Barcelona Serveis Municipals (B:SM). The project is classified in the Management area and it details the definition and adaptation process of a new model in the customer services of B:SM. The origin of the project stands on the opening of the new Calàbria facilities. The purpose of the project is to identify the problems in the curren...
Hotel W Barcelona: style department (housekeeping)
Major, Teresa Alexandrina Martins Ferreira
Este relatório pretende descrever a experiência proporcionada pelo estágio efetuado no departamento de Style do hotel W Barcelona, enquanto supervisor de housekeeping. Para melhor conseguir definir esta experiência, é feita uma caraterização da entidade de acolhimento, referindo os elementos diferenciadores associados à brand do hotel, assim como aspetos gerais da cadeia hoteleira a que esta está liga. Segue-se uma revisão de literatura onde é explorada a descrição do departame...
Desplegament Wi-Fi per la Barcelona World Race
Ruiz Fernàndez, Enric
Treball sobre el desplegament d'una xarxa Wi-Fi en una zona de Barcelona per donar un servei d'Internet. Trabajo sobre el despliegue de una red Wi-Fi en una zona de Barcelona para dar un servicio de Internet. Bachelor thesis for the Telecommunication Technologies program on Telematics.
Research reactors in Argentina
Argentine Nuclear Development started in early fifties. In 1957, it was decided to built the first a research reactor. RA-1 reactor (120 kw, today licensed to work at 40 kW) started operation in January 1958. Originally RA-1 was an Argonaut (American design) reactor. In early sixties, the RA-1 core was changed. Fuel rods (20% enrichment) was introduced instead the old Argonaut core design. For that reason, a critical facility named RA-0 was built. After that, the RA-3 project started, to build a multipurpose 5 MW nuclear reactor MTR pool type, to produce radioisotopes and research. For that reason and to define the characteristics of the RA-3 core, another critical facility was built, RA-2. Initially RA-3 was a 90 % enriched fuel reactor, and started operation in 1967. When Atucha I NPP project started, a German design Power Reactor, a small homogeneous reactor was donated by the German Government to Argentina (1969). This was RA-4 reactor (20% enrichment, 1W). In 1982, RA-6 pool reactor achieved criticality. This is a 500 kW reactor with 90% enriched MTR fuel elements. In 1990, RA-3 started to operate fueled by 20% enriched fuel. In 1997, the RA-8 (multipurpose critical facility located at Pilcaniyeu) started to operate. RA-3 reactor is the most important CNEA reactor for Argentine Research Reactors development. It is the first in a succession of Argentine MTR reactors built by CNEA (and INVAP SE ) in Argentina and other countries: RA-6 (500 kW, Bariloche-Argentina), RP-10 (10MW, Peru), NUR (500 kW, Algeria), MPR (22 MW, Egypt). The experience of Argentinian industry permits to compete with foreign developed countries as supplier of research reactors. Today, CNEA has six research reactors whose activities have a range from education and promotion of nuclear activity, to radioisotope production. For more than forty years, Argentine Research Reactors are working. The experience of Argentine is important, and argentine firms are able to compete in the design and
EMİR, Osman
It is widely accepted by the researchers that it is necessary to benefit from legends and myths which form the bases of oral literature in order to have knowledge about to period in which writing wasn't known. Although myths and legends seem to be fictitious tales, in its core there are historical facts and narrations. Argonauts and Golden Fleece legends are mythological narration of Helen Colonization action in which some adventurers wanted to have the untouched natural resources of the sout...
A viral suppressor protein inhibits host RNA silencing by hooking up with Argonautes
Jin, Hailing; Zhu, Jian-Kang
RNA viruses are particularly vulnerable to RNAi-based defenses in the host, and thus have evolved specific proteins, known as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), as a counterdefense. In this issue of Genes & Development, Azevedo and colleagues (pp. 904–915) discovered that P38, the VSR of Turnip crinkle virus, uses its glycine/tryptophane (GW) motifs as an ARGONAUTE (AGO) hook to attract and disarm the host's essential effector of RNA silencing. Several GW motif-containing cellular pro...
Argonaute-2 regulates the proliferation of adult stem cells in planarian
Yong-Qin Li; An Zeng; Xiao-Shuai Han; Chen Wang; Ge Li; Zhen-Chao Zhang; Jian-Yong Wang; Yong-Wen Qin; Qing Jing
Dear Editor,Planarian Schmidtea mediterranea has extraordinary regeneration capabilities due to the abundance of adult stem cells (ASCs) known as neoblasts,which make planarian a powerful in vivo system to study ASC biology [ 1 ].The Argonaute (AGO) family proteins are defined by the presence of Piwi-Argonaute-Zwille (PAZ)) and PIWI domains [2],and mediate silencing via cleavage of mRNAs [3] or inhibition of translation [4].The AGO family proteins fall into two subfamilies,one named after Arabidopsis Argonaute and the other after Drosophila PIWI [5].In most organisms investigated so far,PIWI proteins bind Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and are functionally involved in the regulation of germ cells [6,7].By contrast,AGO proteins have distinct roles in the smallRNA-mediated gene silencing pathway.In Drosophila,AGO1 has been illustrated to be engaged in the miRNA pathway,while AGO2 plays an important role in the siRNA-mediated gene regulation [4].
Expression of human ARGONAUTE 2 inhibits endogenous microRNA activity in Arabidopsis
Ira eDeveson
Full Text Available Plant and animal microRNA (miRNA pathways share many analogous components, the ARGONAUTE (AGO proteins being foremost among them. We sought to ascertain the degree of functional conservation shared by Homo sapiens ARGONAUTE 2 (HsAGO2 and Arabidopsis thaliana ARGONAUTE 1 (AtAGO1, which are the predominant AGO family members involved with miRNA activity in their respective species. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing HsAGO2 were indistinguishable from counterparts over-expressing AtAGO1, each group exhibiting the morphological and molecular hallmarks of miRNA-pathway loss-of-function alleles. However, unlike AtAGO1, HsAGO2 was unable to rescue the ago1-27 allele. We conclude that, despite the evolutionary gulf between them, HsAGO2 is likely capable of interacting with some component/s of the Arabidopsis miRNA pathway, thereby perturbing its operation, although differences have arisen such that HsAGO2 alone is insufficient to confer efficient silencing of miRNA targets in planta.
Centro Carvis Barcelona España
Danés Tejedor, Alberto
Full Text Available This building has been designed for an advertising firm and was constructed on a 2,600 m2 plot, situated in an urbanization in Esplugas, near Barcelona. The project is made up of three terrace shaped levels, due to the slope of the ground, which are connected by means of patios whereby a volumetric complex is achieved that is integrated into its surrounding environment in a natural way. The structure is of reinforced concrete with standardized pillars placed in a bireticular manner whereby the construction problems were solved in an easy way. An appropriate interior decoration provides a pleasant working atmosphere.Este edificio, proyectado para albergar las instalaciones de una agencia de publicidad, fue construido en una parcela de 2.600 m2 situada en una urbanización de la localidad de Esplugas, cerca de Barcelona. La obra se desarrolló en tres niveles, comunicados visualmente mediante unos patios interiores que sirven de unión espacial entre las diferentes plantas. Estas, en las que se distribuyen convenientemente las distintas secciones que constituyen la organización, se dispusieron escalonadas para adaptarlas al desnivel del terreno, dando como resultado un conjunto volumétrico integrado de forma natural en su entorno. La estructura es de hormigón armado, con pilares normalizados en disposición birreticular, lo que permitió solucionar los problemas constructivos de forma sencilla. Una decoración apropiada y unas eficaces instalaciones ayudan a crear un ambiente de trabajo propicio y muy agradable.
Seismic damage assessment of waffled slabs RC buildings of Barcelona
Moreno González, Rosángel; Bairán García, Jesús Miguel
The seismic damage of waffled-slabs reinforced concrete buildings in the city of Barcelona (Spain) is evaluated using Risk-UE methodology, which enables obtaining fragility curves of the structure in a simplified manner through capacity curves. The seismic hazard is described by means of the reduced 5%-damped elastic response spectrum specific to Barcelona. Capacity curves are obtained using a non-linear static analysis and are used to obtain the performance point and probability damage matri...
The sustainability of the Barcelona port enlargement works
Tarragó, D.; Gens Solé, Antonio; Alonso Pérez de Agreda, Eduardo; Romero Morales, Enrique Edgar; Griell, R.; Estrada, J.L.; Uzcanga, J.
In the Barcelona Port enlargement, currently under construction, part of the new quays are being backfilled with re-used materials such as tunneling waste, rubble from demolitions and dredged soils with poor geotechnical properties. This has resulted in a cost-effective and sustainable construction process that is one of the main goals of the Barcelona Port Authority (APB). A series of control tests have been carried out on the mentioned materials. In addition, dredged soils have been impr...
The pergolas of Barcelona Forum, an example of sustainable architecture; Las pergonas de Barcelona Ejemplo de arquitectura sostenible
The use of technologies FV in Barcelona Forum Claims the goal of reducing the greenhouse gases emission to the atmosphere. The pergolas allow reducing the emission of approximately 440 Mg/year of CO{sub 2}.
The C. elegans CSR-1 Argonaute pathway counteracts epigenetic silencing to promote germline gene expression
Seth, Meetu; Shirayama, Masaki; Gu, Weifeng; Ishidate, Takao; Conte, Darryl; Mello, Craig C
Organisms can develop adaptive sequence-specific immunity by re-expressing pathogen-specific small RNAs that guide gene silencing. For example, the C. elegans PIWI-Argonaute/piRNA pathway recruits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RdRP to foreign sequences to amplify a trans-generational small RNA-induced epigenetic silencing signal (termed RNAe). Here we provide evidence that in addition to an adaptive memory of silenced sequences, C. elegans can also develop an opposing adaptive memory of expres...
Essential and overlapping functions for mammalian Argonautes in microRNA silencing
Su, Hong; Trombly, Melanie I.; Chen, Jian; Wang, Xiaozhong
MicroRNA (miRNA) silencing fine-tunes protein output and regulates diverse biological processes. Argonaute (Ago) proteins are the core effectors of the miRNA pathway. In lower organisms, multiple Agos have evolved specialized functions for distinct RNA silencing pathways. However, the roles of mammalian Agos have not been well characterized. Here we show that mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells deficient for Ago1–4 are completely defective in miRNA silencing and undergo apoptosis. In miRNA silenc...
A Novel miRNA Processing Pathway Independent of Dicer Requires Argonaute2 Catalytic Activity
Cifuentes, Daniel; Xue, Huiling; Taylor, David W.; Patnode, Heather; Mishima, Yuichiro; Cheloufi, Sihem; Ma, Enbo; Mane, Shrikant; Hannon, Gregory J.; Lawson, Nathan D.; Wolfe, Scot A.; Giraldez, Antonio J.
Dicer is a central enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) processing. We identified a Dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that uses Argonaute2 (Ago2) slicer catalytic activity. In contrast to other miRNAs, miR-451 levels were refractory to dicer loss of function but were reduced in MZago2 (maternal-zygotic) mutants. We found that pre-miR-451 processing requires Ago2 catalytic activity in vivo. MZago2 mutants showed delayed erythropoiesis that could be rescued by wild-type Ago2 or miR-451-duplex bu...
Purpose: To provide a spray cooling structure wherein the steam phase in a bwr reactor vessel can sufficiently be cooled and the upper cap and flanges in the vessel can be cooled rapidly which kept from direct contaction with cold water. Constitution: An apertured shielding is provided in parallel spaced apart from the inner wall surface at the upper portion of a reactor vessel equipped with a spray nozzle, and the lower end of the shielding and the inner wall of the vessel are closed to each other so as to store the cooling water. Upon spray cooling, cooling water jetting out from the nozzle cools the vapor phase in the vessel and then hits against the shielding. Then the cooling water mostly falls as it is, while partially enters through the apertures to the back of the shielding plate, abuts against stoppers and falls down. The stoppers are formed in an inverted L shape so that the spray water may not in direct contaction with the inner wall of the vessel. (Horiuchi, T.)
Orígenes del Fútbol en Barcelona (1892-1903. | Origins of Fooball in Barcelona (1892-1903.
Xavier Torrebadella Flix
Full Text Available This article shows some unpublished data that seek to clarify the origins of football in Spain and particularly in Barcelona. Apart from the influence of the English colony in the dissemination of football, the background of school sport is described and evaluated. It is provided data about football in Barcelona which reveal that before the constitution of the Football Club Barcelona, often considered the first team of the city, there were ten associations that practiced this sport. It emphasizes the importance of the British colony, gyms and sports clubs of Barcelona from 1892 to 1903, to generate the enabling environment that made the modern sport of football triumph, stimulating in turn the context Regenerationism and the emergence of associations sports from the early twentieth century. The research method has focused on historical analysis techniques, with the treatment of the original documentary sources and complemented with historicist indirect sources.ResumenEn este artículo se presentan algunos datos inéditos que pretenden esclarecer los orígenes del fútbol en España y más concretamente en Barcelona. Aparte de la influencia que ejerce la colonia inglesa en la divulgación del fútbol, se describen y se valoran los antecedentes del deporte escolar. Sobre el fútbol en Barcelona se aportan datos que revelan que antes de la constitución del Fútbol Club Barcelona, considerado frecuentemente como el primer equipo de fútbol de la ciudad, existieron una decena de asociaciones que practicaron este deporte. Se acentúa la importancia que tuvo la colonia inglesa, los gimnasios y las sociedades deportivas de Barcelona entre 1892 y 1903, para generar el ambiente favorable que hizo que el fútbol triunfase como deporte moderno, estimulando a su vez el contexto regeneracionista y la emergencia del asociacionismo deportivo de principios del siglo XX. El método de investigación se ha centrado en técnicas de análisis histórico en
A viral suppressor protein inhibits host RNA silencing by hooking up with Argonautes
Jin, Hailing
RNA viruses are particularly vulnerable to RNAi-based defenses in the host, and thus have evolved specific proteins, known as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), as a counterdefense. In this issue of Genes & Development, Azevedo and colleagues (pp. 904-915) discovered that P38, the VSR of Turnip crinkle virus, uses its glycine/tryptophane (GW) motifs as an ARGONAUTE (AGO) hook to attract and disarm the host\\'s essential effector of RNA silencing. Several GW motif-containing cellular proteins are known to be important partners of AGOs in RNA silencing effector complexes in yeast, plants, and animals. The GW motif appears to be a versatile and effective tool for regulating the activities of RNA silencing pathways, and the use of GW mimicry to compete for and inhibit host AGOs may be a strategy used by many pathogens to counteract host RNAi-based defenses. © 2010 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Empresas familiares de inmigrantes en Barcelona y Montevideo
Paola Martínez Pérez
El objetivo de este trabajo es observar las diferentes dimensiones que adquiere la familia en las empresas familiares de inmigrantes. En este caso, la propuesta metodológica es analizar, de forma comparativa, la realidad empresarial consolidada del colectivo gallego en Montevideo con las empresas familiares de inmigrantes de reciente creación en el área metropolitana en Barcelona.
Complex esportiu i hotel al Port de Barcelona
Clèries Vilamajó, Albert
Projecte d'ordenació del Port Vell de Barcelona. Substitució de l'actual Hotel Vela per un nou hotel de 5 estrelles. Substitució dels dos Clubs de natació de la platja de Sant Sebastià per dos nous complexs esportius.
Jean Nouveli supermodernism Barcelonas / Raili Seppänen
Seppänen, Raili
2005. a. suvel valmivast prantsuse arhitekti Jean Nouveli (sünd. 1945) projekteeritud tornmajast Torre Agbar Barcelonas Avinguda Diagonal 209-211. Abiks hispaania arhitekt Fermin Vazquez arhitektibüroost b720 Arquitectura S.L. Jean Nouveli tuntud projekte. Ill.: J. Nouveli portreefoto, tornmaja välisvaade
China-Spain Investment & Trade Seminar Held in Barcelona
@@ On April 24,the China-Spain Investment & Trade Seminar was jointly held in Barcelona,Spain.As the first event of the Chinese Products Promotion Week (Europe),the seminar aims to help the Chinese export enterprises and local governments learn about relevant laws and regulations and product quality standards of the EU.
Geodetic infrastructure at the Barcelona harbour for sea level monitoring
Martinez-Benjamin, Juan Jose; Gili, Josep; Lopez, Rogelio; Tapia, Ana; Pros, Francesc; Palau, Vicenc; Perez, Begona
The presentation is directed to the description of the actual geodetic infrastructure of Barcelona harbour with three tide gauges of different technologies for sea level determination and contribution to regional sea level rise and understanding past and present sea level rise in the Barcelona harbour. It is intended that the overall system will constitute a CGPS Station of the ESEAS (European Sea Level) and TIGA (GPS Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring) networks. At Barcelona harbour there is a MIROS radar tide gauge belonging to Puertos del Estado (Spanish Harbours).The radar sensor is over the water surface, on a L-shaped structure which elevates it a few meters above the quay shelf. 1-min data are transmitted to the ENAGAS Control Center by cable and then sent each 1 min to Puertos del Estado by e-mail. The information includes wave forescast (mean period, significant wave height, sea level, etc.This sensor also measures agitation and sends wave parameters each 20 min. There is a GPS station Leica Geosystems GRX1200 GG Pro and antenna AX 1202 GG. The Control Tower of the Port of Barcelona is situated in the North dike of the so-called Energy Pier in the Barcelona harbor (Spain). This tower has different kind of antennas for navigation monitoring and a GNSS permanent station. As the tower is founded in reclaimed land, and because its metallic structure, the 50 m building is subjected to diverse movements, including periodic fluctuations due to temperature changes. In this contribution the 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 the necessary monitoring campaigns are described. In the framework of a Spanish Space Project, the instrumentation of sea level measurements has been improved by providing the Barcelona site with a radar tide gauge Datamar 2000C from Geonica S.L. in June 2014 near an acoustic tide gauge from the Barcelona Harbour installed in 2013. Precision levelling has been made several times in the last two years because the tower is founded in reclaimed land and
miRNA-target chimeras reveal miRNA 3'-end pairing as a major determinant of Argonaute target specificity
Moore, Michael J; Scheel, Troels K H; Luna, Joseph M;
microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which mediate posttranscriptional silencing of target messenger RNAs. Despite their importance in many biological processes, rules governing AGO-miRNA targeting are only partially understood. Here we report a modified...... AGO HITS-CLIP strategy termed CLEAR (covalent ligation of endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP, which enriches miRNAs ligated to their endogenous mRNA targets. CLEAR-CLIP mapped ∼130,000 endogenous miRNA-target interactions in mouse brain and ∼40,000 in human hepatoma cells. Motif and structural...... analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs. Most interactions combine seed-based pairing with distinct, miRNA-specific patterns of auxiliary pairing. At some regulatory sites, this specificity confers distinct silencing functions to miRNA family members with shared seed sequences...
Poesía de posguerra en Barcelona
Manjón-Cabeza Cruz, Dolores
Full Text Available The history of Spanish poetry has refused up to now the poetry written in Barcelona between the final of the Civil War and 1951, the year of the foundation of the so-called «School of Barcelona». In this article there will be drawn some of the general lines of this nearly twelve years of Spanish writing, which where a period of linguistic substitution and cultural ideology, launching years of new editorials and collections, the creation of reviews y rewards, of tertulias and of plentiful poetic creations in Barcelona, the most part of them under the sign of surrealism. The main names of this history should be more or less known (J.R. Masoliver, Cirlot, Garcés, and so on, but their determination in connecting with the best poetry former of the Civil War and outside from Spain, should be worth mentioning for their singularity as well as for the quality of their products.La historia de la poesía de posguerra en España ha ignorado hasta ahora la poesía escrita en Barcelona entre el final de la Guerra Civil y 1951, el año fundacional de la llamada «Escuela de Barcelona». En este artículo se trazan las líneas maestras de esos casi doce años de escritura en castellano, que fueron tiempo de sustitución lingüística y cultural-ideológica, de lanzamiento de nuevas editoriales y colecciones, de creación de revistas y premios, de tertulias y de abundante creación poética en Barcelona, la mayor parte de ella bajo el signo del surrealismo. Los nombres propios de esta historia pueden ser más o menos conocidos (J.R. Masoliver, Cirlot, Garcés, etc. pero su empeño en conectar con lo mejor de las poéticas anteriores a la guerra y con las de fuera de nuestras fronteras es digno de reconocimiento y de atención, tanto por su singularidad como por la calidad de los frutos obtenidos.
DICER-ARGONAUTE2 complex in continuous fluorogenic assays of RNA interference enzymes.
Mark A Bernard
Full Text Available Mechanistic studies of RNA processing in the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC have been hindered by lack of methods for continuous monitoring of enzymatic activity. "Quencherless" fluorogenic substrates of RNAi enzymes enable continuous monitoring of enzymatic reactions for detailed kinetics studies. Recombinant RISC enzymes cleave the fluorogenic substrates targeting human thymidylate synthase (TYMS and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α subunit (HIF1A. Using fluorogenic dsRNA DICER substrates and fluorogenic siRNA, DICER+ARGONAUTE2 mixtures exhibit synergistic enzymatic activity relative to either enzyme alone, and addition of TRBP does not enhance the apparent activity. Titration of AGO2 and DICER in enzyme assays suggests that AGO2 and DICER form a functional high-affinity complex in equimolar ratio. DICER and DICER+AGO2 exhibit Michaelis-Menten kinetics with DICER substrates. However, AGO2 cannot process the fluorogenic siRNA without DICER enzyme, suggesting that AGO2 cannot self-load siRNA into its active site. The DICER+AGO2 combination processes the fluorogenic siRNA substrate (Km=74 nM with substrate inhibition kinetics (Ki=105 nM, demonstrating experimentally that siRNA binds two different sites that affect Dicing and AGO2-loading reactions in RISC. This result suggests that siRNA (product of DICER bound in the active site of DICER may undergo direct transfer (as AGO2 substrate to the active site of AGO2 in the DICER+AGO2 complex. Competitive substrate assays indicate that DICER+AGO2 cleavage of fluorogenic siRNA is specific, since unlabeled siRNA and DICER substrates serve as competing substrates that cause a concentration-dependent decrease in fluorescent rates. Competitive substrate assays of a series of DICER substrates in vitro were correlated with cell-based assays of HIF1A mRNA knockdown (log-log slope=0.29, suggesting that improved DICER substrate designs with 10-fold greater processing by the DICER+AGO2 complex can provide a
Urbanismo y ecología en Barcelona
Martínez Alier, Joan
Este artículo describe el crecimiento de Barcelona hacia el Vallès i el Maresme, con el impulso de las inversiones olímpicas que están provocando el ensanchamiento de la conurbación. El artículo sitúa Barcelona dentro del contexto ecológico-regional, explica que cantidad de energía exosomática y de agua se hace servir, y qué origen tiene. El artículo critica este crecimiento, recordando las ideas de planificación más ecológicas de las primeras décadas de este siglo (por ejemplo, el movimiento...
New mediterranean elements in contemporary housing. The case of Barcelona
Vincenzo Paolo Bagnato
Full Text Available In the face of increasing and differentiating the low-cost housing demand and the trend of establishing new paradigms in the contemporary housing design, the architectural investigation has replaced into its disciplinary statement the topic of housing as central question in research and design experimentation. The city of Barcelona has codified in the last years innovative modalities of public management in social housing, offering interesting points of reflection on the idea of housing and of Mediterranean quality in urban, architectural and constructive terms. The paper proposes a key to the reading on the recent experiences of social housing in Barcelona illustrating the different forms through which architecture interprets the relationship between housing and public space, between innovation and constructive tradition.
ATLAS Virtual Visit-Barcelona-03-04-2014
he Institut de Fisica d`Altes Energies (IFAE) is a leading high energy physics research institute located in the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain. Among the numerous activities of the institute, IFAE is deeply involved in the research program of the LHC and plays a key role as a member of the ATLAS collaboration. IFAE scientists have regularly been promoting public awareness of science and making informal contributions to science education.
New mediterranean elements in contemporary housing. The case of Barcelona
In the face of increasing and differentiating the low-cost housing demand and the trend of establishing new paradigms in the contemporary housing design, the architectural investigation has replaced into its disciplinary statement the topic of housing as central question in research and design experimentation. The city of Barcelona has codified in the last years innovative modalities of public management in social housing, offering interesting points of reflection on the idea of housing and o...
Commuters' valuation of travel time variability in Barcelona
Matas i Prat, Anna; Asensio Ruiz de Alda, Francisco Javier
The value given by commuters to the variability of travel times is empirically analysed using stated preference data from Barcelona (Spain). Respondents are asked to choose between alternatives that differ in terms of cost, average travel time, variability of travel times and departure time. Different specifications of a scheduling choice model are used to measure the influence of various socioeconomic characteristics. Our results show that travel time variability.
Innovative milieu, micro firms and local development in Barcelona
Lladós Masllorens, Josep; Fernández Ardèvol, Mireia; Vilaseca i Requena, Jordi
Peer-reviewed An entrepreneurial environment is conformed by factors that play a favourable role in the development of entrepreneurship. Economic literature on innovative milieus identifies those elements that are decisive in improving the competitive performance of companies. We analysed whether Barcelona Activa's specific environment promotes the development of an innovative milieu, which favours entrepreneurial attitudes. The results show how the combination of incubation experience, de...
Empresas familiares de inmigrantes en Barcelona y Montevideo
Paola Martínez Pérez
Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es observar las diferentes dimensiones que adquiere la familia en las empresas familiares de inmigrantes. En este caso, la propuesta metodológica es analizar, de forma comparativa, la realidad empresarial consolidada del colectivo gallego en Montevideo con las empresas familiares de inmigrantes de reciente creación en el área metropolitana en Barcelona.
Seismic behaviour of typical masonry buildings from Barcelona's "Eixample"
Silva Montaño, Javier Fernando
The development of the district of the Eixample started in 1860. During 90 years of construction, the repeatable model that gives the characteristic homogeneity to the district was improved and perfected. As a result of this process, the Eixample district is today, without any doubts, the most representative of the central part of the city of Barcelona. The district of the Eixample has the second highest population density in Spain and nearly 70% of its buildings have a structural syste...
An anthropological approach to voluntarily single motherhood in Barcelona
Oscar Jordana-Pröpper
Full Text Available This article is based on the research I did for my doctoral thesis about voluntarily single motherhood in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain. It is an anthropological approach to the appearance and the development of voluntarily single motherhood, which is when a woman becomes a mother through adoption or conception previously planned without partner. Within a framework of study carried out from October 2001 to October 2007 in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, my research is based on in-depth interviews with twelve women from April 2002 to April 2006. The aim of the paper is to understand why women in Barcelona choose to be voluntarily single mothers. The purpose is to point out that the voluntarily single motherhood is a new way of understanding between women and men, resulting from the progressive changes in their respective gender roles. This anthropological research is grounded in a full vital process: from the personal decision of the women to become single mothers to the daily interaction with their children.
When a Movement Becomes a Party: The 2015 Barcelona City Council Election
Aragón, Pablo; Volkovich, Yana; Laniado, David; Kaltenbrunner, Andreas
Barcelona en Com\\'u, an emerging grassroots movement-party, won the 2015 Barcelona City Council election. This candidacy was devised by activists involved in the 15M movement in order to turn citizen outrage into political change. On the one hand, the 15M movement is based on a decentralized structure. On the other hand, political science literature postulates that parties historically develop oligarchical leadership structures. This tension motivates us to examine whether Barcelona en Com\\'u...
The Accounting Mirror of the Banking Business: The Bank of Barcelona (1845-1856)
Blasco, Y.; Nogues-Marco, Pilar
The Bank of Barcelona was the first regional issuing bank in Spain. Thanks to the recent recovery of the Bank of Barcelona archive, we have analysed accounting ratios of solvency, liquidity and profitability in the 1844-1856 period. The analysis of the accounting ratios shows that the Bank of Barcelona increased its level of financial leverage. Shareholder profitability increased but solvency and liquidity showed a declining trend after the financial crisis of 1847-48. In the beginning of the...
Argonaute-2-null embryonic stem cells are retarded in self-renewal and differentiation
P Chandra Shekar; Adnan Naim; D Partha Sarathi; Satish Kumar
RNA interference (RNAi) pathways regulate self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Argonaute 2 (Ago2) is a vital component of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and the only Ago protein with slicer activity. We generated Ago2-deficient ES cells by conditional gene targeting. Ago2-deficient ES cells are defective in the small-RNA-mediated gene silencing and are significantly compromised in biogenesis of mature microRNA. The self-renewal rate of Ago2-deficient ES cells is affected due to failure of silencing of Cdkn1a by ES-cell-specific microRNAs (miRNA) in the absence of Ago2. Interestingly, unlike Dicer- and Dgcr8-deficient ES cells, they differentiate to all three germ layers both in vivo and in vitro. However, early differentiation of Ago2-deficient ES cells is delayed by 2–4 days as indicated by persistence of higher levels of self-renewal/ pluripotency markers during differentiation. Further, appearance of morphological and differentiation markers is also delayed during the differentiation. In this study we show that Ago2 is essential for normal self-renewal and differentiation. Also, our data suggest that self-renewal and differentiation of ES cells are regulated by both siRNA and miRNA pathways.
Argonaute 2 in dopamine 2 receptor–expressing neurons regulates cocaine addiction
Im, Heh-In; Venø, Morten T.; Fowler, Christie D.; Min, Alice; Intrator, Adam; Kjems, Jørgen; Kenny, Paul J.; O'Carroll, Donal; Greengard, Paul
Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that exerts its effects by increasing the levels of released dopamine in the striatum, followed by stable changes in gene transcription, mRNA translation, and metabolism within medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The multiple changes in gene and protein expression associated with cocaine addiction suggest the existence of a mechanism that facilitates a coordinated cellular response to cocaine. Here, we provide evidence for a key role of miRNAs in cocaine addiction. We show that Argonaute 2 (Ago2), which plays an important role in miRNA generation and execution of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, is involved in regulation of cocaine addiction. Deficiency of Ago2 in dopamine 2 receptor (Drd2)–expressing neurons greatly reduces the motivation to self-administer cocaine in mice. We identified a distinct group of miRNAs that is specifically regulated by Ago2 in the striatum. Comparison of miRNAs affected by Ago2 deficiency with miRNAs that are enriched and/or up-regulated in Drd2-neurons in response to cocaine identified a set of miRNAs that are likely to play a role in cocaine addiction. PMID:20643829
Transcriptional regulation mechanism mediated by miRNA-DNA•DNA triplex structure stabilized by Argonaute.
Toscano-Garibay, Julia D; Aquino-Jarquin, Guillermo
Transcription regulation depends on interactions between repressor or activator proteins with promoter sequences, while post-transcriptional regulation typically relies on microRNA (miRNA) interaction with sequences in 5' and 3'-Untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNA (mRNA). However, several pieces of evidence suggest that miRNA:Argonaute (AGO) complexes may also suppress transcription through RNA interference (RNAi) components and epigenetic mechanisms. However, recent observations suggest that miRNA-induced transcriptional silencing could be exerted by an unknown mechanism independent of chromatin modifiers. The RNA-DNA•DNA triplex structure has emerged as an important RNA tertiary motif in which successive non-canonical base pairs form between a DNA-DNA duplex and a third strand. Frequently, promoters have Purine (PU)-rich tracts, and some Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) targeting these regulatory regions have been shown to inhibit transcription selectively. Here, we summarize observations suggesting that miRNAs exert regulation over promoter regions through miRNA-DNA•DNA triplex structure formation stabilized by AGO proteins which represents a plausible model of RNA-mediated Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). PMID:25086339
Anatomy of RISC: how do small RNAs and chaperones activate Argonaute proteins?
Nakanishi, Kotaro
RNA silencing is a eukaryote-specific phenomenon in which microRNAs and small interfering RNAs degrade messenger RNAs containing a complementary sequence. To this end, these small RNAs need to be loaded onto an Argonaute protein (AGO protein) to form the effector complex referred to as RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC assembly undergoes multiple and sequential steps with the aid of Hsc70/Hsp90 chaperone machinery. The molecular mechanisms for this assembly process remain unclear, despite their significance for the development of gene silencing techniques and RNA interference-based therapeutics. This review dissects the currently available structures of AGO proteins and proposes models and hypotheses for RISC assembly, covering the conformation of unloaded AGO proteins, the chaperone-assisted duplex loading, and the slicer-dependent and slicer-independent duplex separation. The differences in the properties of RISC between prokaryotes and eukaryotes will also be clarified. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:637-660. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1356 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. PMID:27184117
Bacterial Expression of Mouse Argonaute 2 for Functional and Mutational Studies
Aniello Russo
Full Text Available RNA interference (RNAi is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing process that occurs in many eukaryotic organisms upon intracellular exposure to double-stranded RNA. Argonaute 2 (Ago2 protein is the catalytic engine of mammalian RNAi. It contains a PIWI domain that is structurally related to RNases H and possibly shares with them a two-metal-ion catalysis mechanism. Here we describe the expression in E. coli of mouse Ago2 and testing of its enzymatic activity in a RISC assay, i.e., for the ability to cleave a target RNA in a single position specified by a complementary small interfering RNA (siRNA. The results show that the enzyme can load the siRNA and cleave the complementary RNA in absence of other cellular factors, as described for human Ago2. It was also found that mutation of Arg669, a residue previously proposed to be involved in substrate and/or B metal ion binding, doesn't affect the enzymatic activity, suggesting that this residue doesn't belong to the active site.
Novel Insights into Guide RNA 5′-Nucleoside/Tide Binding by Human Argonaute 2
Munishikha Kalia
Full Text Available The human Argonaute 2 (hAgo2 protein is a key player of RNA interference (RNAi. Upon complex formation with small non-coding RNAs, the protein initially interacts with the 5′-end of a given guide RNA through multiple interactions within the MID domain. This interaction has been reported to show a strong bias for U and A over C and G at the 5′-position. Performing molecular dynamics simulations of binary hAgo2/OH–guide–RNA complexes, we show that hAgo2 is a highly flexible protein capable of binding to guide strands with all four possible 5′-bases. Especially, in the case of C and G this is associated with rather large individual conformational rearrangements affecting the MID, PAZ and even the N-terminal domains to different degrees. Moreover, a 5′-G induces domain motions in the protein, which trigger a previously unreported interaction between the 5′-base and the L2 linker domain. Combining our in silico analyses with biochemical studies of recombinant hAgo2, we find that, contrary to previous observations, hAgo2 is capable of functionally accommodating guide strands regardless of the 5′-base.
A novel miRNA processing pathway independent of Dicer requires Argonaute2 catalytic activity.
Cifuentes, Daniel; Xue, Huiling; Taylor, David W; Patnode, Heather; Mishima, Yuichiro; Cheloufi, Sihem; Ma, Enbo; Mane, Shrikant; Hannon, Gregory J; Lawson, Nathan D; Wolfe, Scot A; Giraldez, Antonio J
Dicer is a central enzyme in microRNA (miRNA) processing. We identified a Dicer-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway that uses Argonaute2 (Ago2) slicer catalytic activity. In contrast to other miRNAs, miR-451 levels were refractory to dicer loss of function but were reduced in MZago2 (maternal-zygotic) mutants. We found that pre-miR-451 processing requires Ago2 catalytic activity in vivo. MZago2 mutants showed delayed erythropoiesis that could be rescued by wild-type Ago2 or miR-451-duplex but not by catalytically dead Ago2. Changing the secondary structure of Dicer-dependent miRNAs to mimic that of pre-miR-451 restored miRNA function and rescued developmental defects in MZdicer mutants, indicating that the pre-miRNA secondary structure determines the processing pathway in vivo. We propose that Ago2-mediated cleavage of pre-miRNAs, followed by uridylation and trimming, generates functional miRNAs independently of Dicer. PMID:20448148
Measurement of the epithermal neutron flux of the Argonauta reactor by the Sandwich method
A common method of obtaining information about the neutron spectrum in the energy range of 1 eV to a few keV is by using resonance sandwich detectors. A sandwich detector is usually made up of three foils placed one on top of the other, each having the same thickness and being made of the same material which has a pronounced absorption resonance. To make an adequate evaluation, the sandwich method was compared with one using an isolated detector. The results obtained from approximate theoretical calculations were checked experimentally, using In, Au and Mn foils, in an isotropic 1/E flux in the Argonaut Reactor at I.E.N. As practical application of this method, the deviation from a 1/E spectrum of the epithermal neutron flux in the core and external graphite reflector of the Argonaut Reactor has been measured with the sandwich foils previously calibrated in a 1/E spectrum. (author)
ARGONAUTE 1 homeostasis invokes the coordinate action of the microRNA and siRNA pathways
Mallory, Allison C; Vaucheret, Hervé
ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) slices endogenous messenger RNAs (mRNAs) during both microRNA (miRNA)- and short interfering RNA (siRNA)-guided post-transcriptional silencing. We have previously reported that AGO1 homeostasis is maintained through the repressive action of miR168 on AGO1 mRNA and the stabilizing effect of AGO1 protein on miR168, but siRNA-mediated AGO1 regulation has not been reported. Here, we show that AGO1-derived siRNAs trigger RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6)-, SUPPRESSOR OF GENE...
HIV-1 RNAs are Not Part of the Argonaute 2 Associated RNA Interference Pathway in Macrophages.
Valentina Vongrad
Full Text Available MiRNAs and other small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs are key players in post-transcriptional gene regulation. HIV-1 derived small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs have been described in HIV-1 infected cells, but their biological functions still remain to be elucidated. Here, we approached the question whether viral sncRNAs may play a role in the RNA interference (RNAi pathway or whether viral mRNAs are targeted by cellular miRNAs in human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM.The incorporation of viral sncRNAs and/or their target RNAs into RNA-induced silencing complex was investigated using photoactivatable ribonucleoside-induced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP as well as high-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP, which capture Argonaute2-bound miRNAs and their target RNAs. HIV-1 infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM were chosen as target cells, as they have previously been shown to express HIV-1 sncRNAs. In addition, we applied small RNA deep sequencing to study differential cellular miRNA expression in HIV-1 infected versus non-infected MDMs.PAR-CLIP and HITS-CLIP data demonstrated the absence of HIV-1 RNAs in Ago2-RISC, although the presence of a multitude of HIV-1 sncRNAs in HIV-1 infected MDMs was confirmed by small RNA sequencing. Small RNA sequencing revealed that 1.4% of all sncRNAs were of HIV-1 origin. However, neither HIV-1 derived sncRNAs nor putative HIV-1 target sequences incorporated into Ago2-RISC were identified suggesting that HIV-1 sncRNAs are not involved in the canonical RNAi pathway nor is HIV-1 targeted by this pathway in HIV-1 infected macrophages.
Argonaute 2 complexes selectively protect the circulating microRNAs in cell-secreted microvesicles.
Limin Li
Full Text Available Cell-secreted miRNAs are highly stable and can serve as biomarkers for various diseases and signaling molecules in intercellular communication. The mechanism underlying the stability of circulating miRNAs, however, remains incompletely understood. Here we show that Argonaute 2 (Ago2 complexes and microvesicles (MVs provide specific and non-specific protection for miRNA in cell-secreted MVs, respectively. First, the resistance of MV-encapsulated miRNAs to RNaseA was both depended on intact vesicular structure of MVs and protease-sensitive. Second, an immunoprecipitation assay using a probe complementary to human miR-16, a miRNA primarily located in the MVs and showed a strong, protease-sensitive resistance to RNaseA, identified Ago2 as a major miR-16-associated protein. Compared with protein-free miR-16, Ago2-associated miR-16 was resistant to RNaseA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Third, when the miR-16/Ago2 complex was disrupted by trypaflavine, the resistance of miR-16 to RNaseA was decreased. In contrast, when the association of miR-16 with the Ago2 complexes was increased during cell apoptosis, although the total amount of miR-16 and Ago2 remained unchanged, the resistance of miR-16 to RNaseA in the MVs was enhanced. A similar correlation between the increase of miR-223/Ago2 association and the resistance of miR-223 against RNaseA was observed during all trans retinoic acid (ATRA-induced cell differentiation of promyelocytic HL60 cells. In conclusion, the association of miRNAs with Ago2 complexes, an event that is linked to cell functional status, plays a critical role in stabilizing the circulating miRNAs in cell-secreted MVs.
The political transnationalism of immigrant associations in Barcelona
Vancea, Mihaela
Aquesta tesi vol respondre a dos preguntes fonamentals en l'??rea de recerca de la migraci?? transnacional: s'impliquen els immigrants en el transnacionalisme pol??tic? I, quins s??n els factors determinants del seu activisme pol??tic transnacional ? Per respondre a la primera q??esti??, comparo el nivell d'activisme pol??tic transnacional d'una mostra d'associacions de diferents or??gens immigrants a Barcelona. Per contestar a la segona, centro l'atenci?? en possibles factors determinants a ...
Barcelona contemporánea: el ocaso de un modelo
Antonio Pizza
Full Text Available Barcelona is a city, which through the democratization of public space in the second half of the seventies, developed with a noticeable intention of balancing the public and private. The municipalities' efforts were focused towards the planification and regeneration of dilapidated spaces and the construction of new structures for public benefit. However, since 2007 new phenomena have come to light that emphasise urban problems in which public interests become less important than private investment initiatives. New market priorities, together with tourism and myriad immigration have caused an "expropriation" of the city from its inhabitants.
Comunidades imaginadas: nacionalismo banal en los locutorios de Barcelona
Joel Feliu; Mª Carmen Peñaranda-Cólera; Adriana Gil-Juárez
A pesar de la competencia que sufren, al multiplicarse las posibilidades de conexión a las redes telefónicas e informáticas, los locutorios de la ciudad de Barcelona y alrededores, no dejan de ser negocios con un relativo éxito. Partiendo de un trabajo de campo colectivo en este artículo articulamos los conceptos de Nacionalismo Banal de Michael Billig y de Comunidad Imaginada de Benedict Anderson, para mostrar que en estos espacios de conexión pueden encontrarse comunidades nacionales imagin...
De bandas latinas a asociaciones juveniles: La experiencia de Barcelona
Feixa , Carles; Canelles, Noemí
La construcción de la imagen de los jóvenes de origen latinoamericano en Barcelona ha estado estrechamente relacionada con las llamadas "bandas latinas", caracterizadas desde los medios de comunicación como criminales y sectarias. A pesar de que los criterios que han regido las primeras estrategias de intervención se corresponden con esta caracterización, existen diversos factores que permiten una conceptualización diferente y unas políticas más cercanas a las que se realizan c...
Arte emergente: creación en Barcelona
Gasol Señorón, Daniel
[spa] La presente tesis busca indagar acerca de las dinámicas de visibilidad y legitimación del Arte emergente poniendo desde el contexto Barcelona, las maneras de intervenir sobre las formas de subjetividad de los creadores. Se lleva a cabo una reflexión que, a nivel teórico, se mueve entre la "crítica Institucional" y el planteamiento generacional de los jóvenes creadores acerca de la Institucionalización que legitima su trabajo, concediendo a la obra una aprobación personal sobre su produc...
Felipe V en Barcelona: un futuro sin futuro
María de los Ángeles PÉREZ SAMPER
Full Text Available RESUMEN: La visita de Felipe V a Cataluña desde el 24 de septiembre de 1701 al 8 de abril de 1702 y la expectativa levantada constituye el asunto del presente trabajo. A través de testimonios de la época, se repasa pormenorizadamente la decisión del monarca de viajar al principado de Cataluña, las incidencias de dicho desplazamiento, el recibimiento de que fue objeto en Barcelona, la entrada real y la fiesta, el juramento de las Constitutions de Cataluña realizado por el rey y el juramento del rey por los representantes del Principado, la inauguración de las Cortes catalanas, las discrepancias suscitadas, la boda y otras fiestas y diversiones celebradas durante aquel breve período.ABSTRACT: Philip V's visit to Catalonia from 24 September 1701 to 8 April 1702 and the expectations aroused are the subject of this study. Through testimonies of the age, a detailed study is made of the monarch's decision to travel to the Principality of Catalonia, the events of this journey, his reception in Barcelona, the royal entry and celebration, the swearing of the Constitutions of Catalonia by the king and the swearing of the king by the representatives of the Principality, the inauguration of the Catalonian Assembly, the discrepancies that arose, the wedding and other celebrations and entertainments held during that brief period.
Edificio en La Plaza Lesseps de Fernando Lesseps – Barcelona
Danés, Albert
Full Text Available This interesting example of urban architecture is situated in Barcelona, facing two streets of different widths, for which reasons the number of floors on the two sides is also different. The basements are reserved for parking space. Further the building comprises commercial ground floors with very attractive shopping arcades; a mezzanine commercial floor as well and the top floors, that are intended for housings. Pleasant exterior with solid colours. The work has been achieved thanks to the valuable contribution of Lluciá Navarro i Rodón.Esta interesante muestra de la arquitectura urbana está emplazada en Barcelona, con fachadas a dos calles de anchura diferente, por lo que el número de plantas es también distinto. Sótanos destinados a estacionamiento de vehículos. Plantas bajas comerciales, con galerías de paso muy atractivas. Entresuelo, también comercial, y plantas altas de viviendas variadas. Tratamiento exterior atrayente, a base de colores sólidos y sistema esgrafiado, contando con la valiosa colaboración de Lluciá Navarro i Rodón.
Differential effects of viral silencing suppressors on siRNA and miRNA loading support the existence of two distinct cellular pools of ARGONAUTE1
Schott, Gregory; Mari-Ordonez, Arturo; Himber, Christophe; Alioua, Abdelmalek; Voinnet, Olivier; Dunoyer, Patrice
Plant viruses encode suppressors (VSRs) that target the host antiviral RNA silencing pathway. Here, VSRs are shown to differentially impair siRNA and miRNA binding to Argonaute1, AGO1, revealing distinct AGO1 pools that are preferentially loaded with either siRNAs or miRNAs.
Especificació i disseny d'una aplicació pel ZOO de Barcelona
Àngel Torras, Marta
Aquest TFG es basa en el disseny i l'especificació d'una aplicació pel Zoo de Barcelona. Es tracta d'una app enfocada a millorar la visita al parc, oferint funcionalitats i informació que permetin a l'usuari gaudir més de la visita al Zoo de Barcelona. This TFG is based on design and especification of an app for Barcelona Zoo. It aims to enhance the visitor's experience, by offering functionality and wider information so that the visit to the Zoo may be better appreciated by anyone using t...
Asociacionismo y sociabilidad fascista en la colonia italiana de Barcelona
Rubén Domínguez Méndez
Full Text Available El presente artículo pretende profundizar en la traslación realizada por el fascismo de sus estructuras de sociabilidad entre la población emigrada. Para ello, se analiza el caso concreto de la colonia italiana en Barcelona aprovechando la reciente aparición de varias publicaciones que han ofrecido nueva perspectivas sobre un grupo pequeño, en comparación con otras comunidades italianas en el extranjero, pero especialmente dinámico. Utilizando documentación anteriormente no consultada, se muestra el proceso de conquista de las antiguas asociaciones liberales y la pugna por controlar la nueva organización creada para reconducir las fórmulas de sociabilidad de la colonia. A modo de conclusión final se puede señalar que el programa fascista, con sus actividades doctrinarias y lúdicas, pudo desarrollarse en la medida que los acontecimientos políticos en España le proporcionaron la coyuntura adecuada; es decir, durante los periodos dictatoriales.PALABRAS CLAVES: Asociacionismo. Sociabilidad. Fascismo. Emigración. Barcelona. España. Italia.ASSOCIATIONISM AND FASCIST SOCIABILITY IN THE ITALIAN COLONY OF BARCELONAABSTRACT: This article examines the transfer done by the fascism of their structures of sociability among the emigrant population. To this end, he examines the specific case of the Italian colony in Barcelona, taking advantage of the recent appearance of several publications that provide new perspectives on a small group, compared with other Italian communities abroad, but specially dynamic. Through a careful study of inedited documents from several archives, shows the process of conquest of the liberal associations and the struggle to control the new organization created to redirect the formulas of sociability of the colony. In a final conclusion can be noted that the fascist agenda, with its doctrine and leisure activities, was developed according to Spanish political events; having more success during the stages dictatorial
La casa del Palau del Temple, de Barcelona
Fuguet Sans, Joan
En aquest treball, es revisa i es posa al dia l'opinió expressada, l'any 1989, a L'arquitectura dels templers a Catalunya, sobre la seu de la comanda del Temple a Barcelona. A partir de noves aportacions documentals i bibliogràfiques, no només s'hi subratlla la importància del conjunt, sinó que s'hi constata (després d'analitzar-ne detingudament els pros i els contres) la paternitat templera de la famosa «sala dels cavalls», atribuïda tradicionalment a Pere III. L'estudi es fa extensiu a les ...
Research reactor decommissioning experience - concrete removal and disposal -
Removal and disposal of neutron activated concrete from biological shields is the most significant operational task associated with research reactor decommissioning. During the period of 1985 thru 1989 Chem-Nuclear Systems, Inc. was the prime contractor for complete dismantlement and decommissioning of the Northrop TRIGA Mark F, the Virginia Tech Argonaut, and the Michigan State University TRIGA Mark I Reactor Facilities. This paper discusses operational requirements, methods employed, and results of the concrete removal, packaging, transport and disposal operations for these (3) research reactor decommissioning projects. Methods employed for each are compared. Disposal of concrete above and below regulatory release limits for unrestricted use are discussed. This study concludes that activated reactor biological shield concrete can be safely removed and buried under current regulations
Sprawl in Barcelona Region and the PTMB 2010
Antonio Acierno
Full Text Available The Barcelona metropolitan region is composed of 164 municipalities distributed over an area of about 3234 sq km with a population of 5 million inhabitants. In the last decades, the growth of metropolitan region has been characterized by some critical problems: high land occupation, dispersed occupation of the territory, low building density, considerable fragmentation and high specialization (residential developments, commercial centers, industrial areas, etc, growing social segregation. The sprawl, together with changes in economic and social structure, caused a loss of landscape and environment values in the territory, a reduction of natural areas, involving an increase in consumption of resources. The sprawling development was already evident in the early 1970s, and a study of dynamic of the sprawl was conducted to show the main features of this process. The morphology of discontinuity, fragmentation and heterogeneity are common features of the metropolitan regions in Southern Europe. The changes from the traditional compact city to a dispersed one caused important effects in the functioning of the territories and in the lifestyles of their users. The main problems addressed by the plan have been identified in the sprawl, the territorial fragmentation and the growing social segregation. The adoption of the Barcelona Metropolitan Plan is a notable innovation in the scenario of spatial planning and urban policies in Catalonia. In fact, the PTMB, that comes to close more than 40 years of controversy and failed attempts, presents some aspects of particular interest and represents a planning tool providing a methodology for administrative and political management for the future. The plan has been proposed by regional government in concert with municipalities through an interesting participatory process that has secured a broad consensus. The plan structure founded on three main systems: Open Spaces, Settlements and Infrastructures; all of
Rationalisation of NDT, remote visual inspection and metallurgical services for ageing-related degradation in low power (<100 kW) research reactors
Full text: The objectives of the proposed research project are: a) formulate a database of ad hoc and generic ageing related degradation problems to low power (<100 kW) research reactors, and b) explore and investigate the application of selected NDT methods identified in a) (and rationalised within the IAEA Working Group) to examination of the JASON Argonaut reactor (33 year old). Dr. Beeley reported on the recent shutdown and decommissioning of the JASON reactor. His presentation then focused on ISI and routine maintenance programmes for four UK and two Canadian low power research reactors. (author)
The JASON reactor: from core removal to fuel reprocessing
Beeley, P.; Williams, A.; Lockwood, R. [Defence College of Electromechanical Engineering, Nuclear Dept., HMS SULTAN (United Kingdom); Raymond, B.; Spyrou, N. [Surrey Univ., Dept. of Physical and Electronic Sciences (United Kingdom); Auziere, P. [AREVA NC, Treatment Business Unit, 78 - Velizy (France)
The 10 kW JASON Argonaut reactor was operated at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, London, between 1962 and 1996. After initial cooling in the core, the MTR type fuel (80% enriched U{sup 235}) was dry stored on site before transport in 1998 to BNFL, Sellafield for interim wet storage. Arrangements for reprocessing of the fuel at AREVA NC, La Hague are now in progress and this paper will describe various aspects of the storage, transfer, monitoring, and the treatment at La Hague plant. The radioactive waste resulting from the processing of these used fuels will be conditioned into a suitable package for return to UK.
Plan for Moata reactor decommissioning, ANSTO
'Moata' is an Argonaut type 100 kW reactor that was operated by Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation for 34 years from 1961 to 1995. It was initially used as a reactor-physics research tool and a training reactor but the scope of operations was extended to include activation analysis and neutron radiography from the mid 1970s. In 1995, the Moata reactor was shutdown on the grounds that its continued operation could no longer be economically justified. All the fuel (HEU) was unloaded to temporary storage and secured in 1995, followed by drainage of the demineralised water (primary coolant) from the reactor in 1996 and complete removal of electrical cables in 1998. The Reactor Control Room has been renovated into a modern laboratory. The reactor structure is still intact and kept under safe storage. Various options for decommissioning strategies have been considered and evaluated. So far, 'Immediate Dismantling' is considered to be the most desirable option, however, the timescale for actual dismantling needs to take account of the establishment of the national radioactive repository. This paper describes the dismantling options and techniques considered along with examples of other dismantling projects overseas. (author)
Uudised : NYYD Ensemble "Varssavi sügisel". Hortus Baltimaade kultuurifestivalil. Esikoht Barcelonas
NYYD Ensemble esines 26. sept. Poola festivalil "Varssavi sügisel" Eesti heliloojate teostega. Ans. Hortus Musicus esines Helsingis Baltimaade kultuurifestivali raames. Estonia Seltsi SK võitis Barcelonas toimunud koorifestivalil "Euroopa... ja tema laulud" kuldmedali
Feasibility of a Vietnamese café in Spain : Case: Café Hanoi, Barcelona, Spain
Nguyen, Tra My
This study covers the feasibility of a business idea – a Vietnamese café in the city of Barcelona, Spain. The study is the preliminary of a business plan. Therefore, it aims to discover the environment surrounding the café in Barcelona, Spain. The study employs descriptive approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data collection includes both primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected through focus group, interviews and questionnaire. The secondary dat...
Service-Learning in Physical Education Teacher Training. Physical Education in the Modelo Prison, Barcelona
Teresa Lleixà; Merche Ríos
In the Psychiatric Unit of the Modelo Prison, Barcelona, a physical education programme is carried out annually with the participation of University of Barcelona (UB) students. In this context, we carried out a study based on service-learning parameters. The aim of the study was twofold: to determine the impact on inmates of the physical education programme that was undertaken with university students; and to assess what university students' learnt in the prison-based socio-educational interv...
Un nuevo centro: el Institut Botànic de Barcelona
Valentin, Sandra; Manso Calzada, Isidora
El Institut Botànic de Barcelona es un centro mixto (CSIC - Ayuntamiento de Barcelona) y su biblioteca está especializada en botánica. Entre sus fondos incluye revistas especializadas, floras regionales y generales de todo el mundo, libros de horticultura, jardinería, botánica sistemática, ecología, nomenclatura botánica, etc
First epidemiological report of feline heartworm infection in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain)
Montoya-Alonso, José Alberto; CARRETÓN, Elena; García-Guasch, Laín; Expósito, Jordi; Armario, Belén; Morchón, Rodrigo; Simón, Fernando
Background The metropolitan area of Barcelona is the most densely populated metropolitan area on the Mediterranean coast. Several studies have reported the presence of canine heartworm disease in this region; however, there are no published epidemiological data regarding feline heartworm in this region and the prevalence in this species remains unknown. Methods Serum samples from 758 cats living in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) were collected between 2012 and 2013. To establish t...
Metaxas, Theodore
The aim of the article is to focus on the especially interesting area of South Europe and to present and points out the strategic development process, in one of the most representative examples of its successful implementation, which is the city of Barcelona. Barcelona, which in the last 20 years, managed to increase its competitiveness becoming one of the most attractive investment destinations on international level. The city?s economic dynamism, its strategic position in the South of Europ...
Barcelona, caminando hacia la resiliencia urbana en el barrio de Vallcarca
Balanzo Joue, Rafael de
Many neighbourhoods and cities are succumbing to multiple and successive changes caused by internal collapse and external systemic crises. The neighbourhood of Vallcarca in the Gràcia district has become an urban landmark of the city of Barcelona. It is characterized equally by belonging to one of the first districts of Barcelona to implement policies of urban sustainability, and by succumbing for more than a decade to a process of crisis, devastation and conflict induced by a development pla...
Trabajo sexual en Barcelona. Sobre la gestión municipal del espacio público
Julieta Vartabedian
Full Text Available In this paper, the author will reflect on the management of public spaces in Barcelona through the case of sex work. The different ways that the Barcelona City Council has promoted the control and restriction of the free exercise of street sex work will be discussed. Recognising that the spaces are not fully accessible to everyone, the model of "civility" that Barcelona plans to implement will be explained. As a result of former zoning practices, there is a political will to make this activity "invisible", which perpetuates the vulnerability of sex workers themselves. En este artículo la autora reflexionará sobre la gestión del espacio público en Barcelona a través del caso del trabajo sexual. Se analizarán las distintas modalidades que el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona ha promovido para, en definitiva, controlar y restringir el libre ejercicio del trabajo sexual callejero. Partiendo del reconocimiento que los espacios no son plenamente accesibles para todas y todos, se explicará el modelo de "civismo" que Barcelona pretende implementar. Mediante antiguas prácticas de zonificación, se observa una voluntad política de invisibilizar esta actividad al mismo tiempo que se perpetúa la vulnerabilidad de las propias trabajadoras.Download this paper from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1953623
The Bernades herbarium in the Botanic Institute of Barcelona (BC
Ibáñez, N.
Full Text Available The BC-Bernades herbarium is one of the oldest collections conserved in the Botanical Institute of Barcelona. It contains part of the field collections of Miquel Bernades i Mainader and Miquel Bernades i Clarís, doctors of medicine and botanists of Catalonian origin living in Madrid in the 18th century. The collection consists of 817 sheets, the complete list provided in the annexe. We also present information concerning the localities of certain specific recollections, the taxonomic groups and families, as well as a list of sheets of special interest. This list contains witness of cornfield weed now very rare or extinct in Iberian lands, such as Hymenocarpos circinatus (L. Savi or Securigera securidaca (L. Degen & Dörfl , and also some of the first witness known from Spain of introduced plants, such as Aster cordifolius L. or Bidens bipinnata L.
[es] El herbario BC-Bernades es una de las colecciones más antiguas conservadas en el Instituto Botánico de Barcelona. Contiene parte de las recolecciones de Miquel Bernades y Mainader y Miquel Bernades y Clarís, médicos y botánicos catalanes del siglo XVIII establecidos en Madrid. Consta de 817 pliegos, la relación de los cuales presentamos en un anexo. También mostramos datos sobre las localidades de recolección, grupos taxonómicos y familias presentes, y una relación de pliegos de interés. Entre estos aparecen testimonios de plantas arvenses extinguidas o muy raras en tierras ibéricas como Hymenocarpos circinatus (L. Savi o Securigera securidaca (L. Degen & Dörfl , y también algunos de los primeros testimonios conocidos en España de plantas introducidas como Aster cordifolius L. o Bidens bipinnata L. [ct] L'herbari BC-Bernades és una de les col·leccions més antigues de les conservades a l'Institut Botànic de Barcelona. Conté part de les recol·leccions de Miquel Bernades i Mainader i Miquel Bernades
L 'abastament de blat a la ciutat de Barcelona en temps d'Alfons el Benigne (1327-1336)
Mutgé Vives, Josefina
The aim of this article is to study the question of wheat scarcity in Barcelona during the reign of Alphonse the Benign. Different aspects are boarded, such as: reasons of the endemic wheat shortage in Barcelona, the cerealistic policy established by the Crown and by the city Council, the routes of wheat arrival, different means that the Barcelona Council used so that merchants were interested in introducing cereal into the city, prices of cereals, kinds and qualities of cereals, weights and ...
Ciudadanos del este de Europa consumidores de drogas en Barcelona
González M.
Full Text Available Desde mayo de 1999 hasta mayo de 2001, hemos contactado en el SAPS (Servicio de Atención Social y Sanitaria de Barcelona con usuarios de drogas de países del este de Europa. Acuden a centros terapéuticos gratuitos, aunque pagan por la organización del viaje unos 500 euros. Son jóvenes entre 18 y 30 años y mantienen el contacto con sus familiares. Conocen los riesgos de transmisión de enfermedades, pero suelen reutilizar las jeringas. Es alta la prevalencia de hepatitis C (92% y B (62% y menor la de infección por el VIH (19%. Si no abandonan las drogas, el retorno es un fracaso y tienen dificultades para proseguir los tratamientos con metadona o antirretrovirales. La respuesta asistencial ha de adecuarse a sus necesidades. Se debe procurar la mediación cultural y la información en los lugares de origen, supervisar los centros terapéuticos y diseñar alternativas a los abandonos. Hay que desarrollar la colaboración internacional, estimular programas de disminución de riesgos derivados del consumo y evitar que del tratamiento se haga un comercio.
Chlorinated organic pesticides in marketed food: Barcelona, 2001-06
Fontcuberta, M. [Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona, ASPB, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Av Drassanes 13, 08001 Barcelona (Spain)], E-mail: email@example.com; Arques, J.F.; Villalbi, J.R.; Martinez, M.; Centrich, F.; Serrahima, E.; Pineda, L.; Duran, J.; Casas, C. [Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona, ASPB, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Av Drassanes 13, 08001 Barcelona (Spain)
This paper reports concentration levels of 22 chlorinated organic compounds (both primary compounds and metabolites) in food marketed in the city of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) in 2001-06. Samples included meat products, fish and seafood, eggs, milk and dairy, vegetal oils, cereal products and derivates, vegetables, fresh fruits, dry fruits, spices, formula and baby food, tea and wine. Levels of chlorinated organic compounds were determined by gas chromatography with selective detectors: electron capture (ECD), flame photometric (FPD) and confirmation with mass-spectrometry. Chlorinated organic pesticides were detected in 7 of the 1,484 samples analyzed in the 2001-06 period (0.5%): 1 dairy product, 1 fruit, 1 olive oil and 4 vegetables. Specific pesticides detected are lindane and endosulfan {alpha}, {beta} or sulphate. A decrease in both the proportion of samples with detectable residues and in the variety of chlorinated pesticides found is visible when comparing these results with those of the previous 1989-2000 period. These results suggest the gradual disappearance of regulated chlorinated organic pesticides as a consequence of the growing worldwide implementation of current regulatory agreements.
Chlorinated organic pesticides in marketed food: Barcelona, 2001-06
This paper reports concentration levels of 22 chlorinated organic compounds (both primary compounds and metabolites) in food marketed in the city of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) in 2001-06. Samples included meat products, fish and seafood, eggs, milk and dairy, vegetal oils, cereal products and derivates, vegetables, fresh fruits, dry fruits, spices, formula and baby food, tea and wine. Levels of chlorinated organic compounds were determined by gas chromatography with selective detectors: electron capture (ECD), flame photometric (FPD) and confirmation with mass-spectrometry. Chlorinated organic pesticides were detected in 7 of the 1,484 samples analyzed in the 2001-06 period (0.5%): 1 dairy product, 1 fruit, 1 olive oil and 4 vegetables. Specific pesticides detected are lindane and endosulfan α, β or sulphate. A decrease in both the proportion of samples with detectable residues and in the variety of chlorinated pesticides found is visible when comparing these results with those of the previous 1989-2000 period. These results suggest the gradual disappearance of regulated chlorinated organic pesticides as a consequence of the growing worldwide implementation of current regulatory agreements
Crystal Structure of A. aeolicus Argonaute, a Site-Specific DNA-Guided Endoribonuclease, Provides Insights into RISC-Mediated mRNA Cleavage
Yuan, Yu-Ren; Pei, Yi; Ma, Jin-Biao; Kuryavyi, Vitaly; Zhadina, Maria; Meister, Gunter; Chen, Hong-Ying; Dauter, Zbigniew; Tuschl, Thomas; Patel, Dinshaw J.
Argonaute (Ago) proteins constitute a key component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We report the crystal structure of Aquifex aeolicus Ago (Aa-Ago) together with binding and cleavage studies, which establish this eubacterial Ago as a bona fide guide DNA strand-mediated site-specific RNA endonuclease. We have generated a stereochemically robust model of the complex, where the guide DNA-mRNA duplex is positioned within a basic channel spanning the bilobal interface, such that the ...
The Argonaute CSR-1 and its 22G-RNA co-factors target germline genes and are required for holocentric chromosome segregation
Claycomb, Julie M.; Batista, Pedro J; Pang, Ka Ming; Gu, Weifeng; Vasale, Jessica J.; van Wolfswinkel, Josien C.; Chaves, Daniel A.; Shirayama, Masaki; Mitani, Shohei; Ketting, René F.; Conte, Darryl; Mello, Craig C
RNAi-related pathways regulate diverse processes, from developmental timing to transposon silencing. Here, we show that in C. elegans the Argonaute CSR-1, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase EGO-1, the Dicer-related helicase DRH-3, and the Tudor-domain protein EKL-1 localize to chromosomes and are required for proper chromosome segregation. In the absence of these factors chromosomes fail to align at the metaphase plate and kinetochores do not orient to opposing spindle poles. Surprisingly, the ...
Safety evaluation report related to the renewal of the operating license for the research reactor at the University of Florida. Docket No. 50-83
This Safety Evaluation Report for the application filed by the University of Florida (UF) for a renewal of Operating License R-56 to continue to operate its Argonaut-type research reactor has been prepared by the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The facility is owned and operated by the University of Florida and is located on the UF campus in Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida. The staff concludes that the reactor facility can continue to be operated by UF without endangering the health and safety of the public
French validation of the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire.
Saliba, Joe; Lorenzo-Seva, Urbano; Marco-Pallares, Josep; Tillmann, Barbara; Zeitouni, Anthony; Lehmann, Alexandre
Background. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) questionnaire investigates the main facets of music experience that could explain the variance observed in how people experience reward associated with music. Currently, only English and Spanish versions of this questionnaire are available. The objective of this study is to validate a French version of the BMRQ. Methods. The original BMRQ was translated and adapted into an international French version. The questionnaire was then administered through an online survey aimed at adults aged over 18 years who were fluent in French. Statistical analyses were performed and compared to the original English and Spanish version for validation purposes. Results. A total of 1,027 participants completed the questionnaire. Most responses were obtained from France (89.4%). Analyses revealed that congruence values between the rotated loading matrix and the ideal loading matrix ranged between 0.88 and 0.96. Factor reliabilities of subscales (i.e., Musical Seeking, Emotion Evocation, Mood Regulation, Social Reward and Sensory-Motor) also ranged between 0.88 and 0.96. In addition, reliability of the overall factor score (i.e., Music reward) was 0.91. Finally, the internal consistency of the overall scale was 0.85. The factorial structure obtained in the French translation was similar to that of the original Spanish and English samples. Conclusion. The French version of the BMRQ appears valid and reliable. Potential applications of the BMRQ include its use as a valuable tool in music reward and emotion research, whether in healthy individuals or in patients suffering from a wide variety of cognitive, neurologic and auditory disorders. PMID:27019776
French validation of the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire
Lorenzo-Seva, Urbano; Marco-Pallares, Josep; Tillmann, Barbara; Zeitouni, Anthony; Lehmann, Alexandre
Background. The Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) questionnaire investigates the main facets of music experience that could explain the variance observed in how people experience reward associated with music. Currently, only English and Spanish versions of this questionnaire are available. The objective of this study is to validate a French version of the BMRQ. Methods. The original BMRQ was translated and adapted into an international French version. The questionnaire was then administered through an online survey aimed at adults aged over 18 years who were fluent in French. Statistical analyses were performed and compared to the original English and Spanish version for validation purposes. Results. A total of 1,027 participants completed the questionnaire. Most responses were obtained from France (89.4%). Analyses revealed that congruence values between the rotated loading matrix and the ideal loading matrix ranged between 0.88 and 0.96. Factor reliabilities of subscales (i.e., Musical Seeking, Emotion Evocation, Mood Regulation, Social Reward and Sensory-Motor) also ranged between 0.88 and 0.96. In addition, reliability of the overall factor score (i.e., Music reward) was 0.91. Finally, the internal consistency of the overall scale was 0.85. The factorial structure obtained in the French translation was similar to that of the original Spanish and English samples. Conclusion. The French version of the BMRQ appears valid and reliable. Potential applications of the BMRQ include its use as a valuable tool in music reward and emotion research, whether in healthy individuals or in patients suffering from a wide variety of cognitive, neurologic and auditory disorders. PMID:27019776
María Virginia Matulic Domandzic
Full Text Available Processes of social exclusion of the homeless people in the city of Barcelona are addressed in thisarticle through three sections. First, an approximation to the processes of social exclusion present inEuropean societies is done, then look focuses on the conceptual dimension of homeless people andits root causes, to end with some conclusions on where the issues raised are synthesized as well asthe future challenges that are presented in this phenomenon. This article is part of the research workbeing done on the processes of social inclusion of homeless people in Barcelona. This research islinked to the Doctorate "Education and Society" at the University of Barcelona through the Departmentof Social Work and Social Services. The growing phenomenon of homelessness responds to macroprocessesthat have characterized the post-Fordist societies in recent decades where the fragility ofsupport networks and systems of social protection are crucial.
Argonaute 2 in cell-secreted microvesicles guides the function of secreted miRNAs in recipient cells.
Zhiyuan Lv
Full Text Available MicroRNAs (miRNAs secreted by cells into microvesicles (MVs form a novel class of signal molecules that mediate intercellular communication. However, several fundamental aspects of secreted miRNAs remain unknown, particularly the mechanism that governs the function or fate of exogenous miRNAs in recipient cells. In the present study, we provide evidence indicating that Argonaute 2 (Ago2 plays a role in stabilizing miRNAs and facilitating the packaging of secreted miRNAs into MVs. More importantly, Ago2 in origin cell-secreted MVs (but not in recipient cells directs the function of secreted miRNAs. First, Ago2 overexpression clearly increased the level of miR-16 in cells transfected with a miR-16 mimic by protecting the miRNAs from degradation in lysosomes. Second, Ago2 overexpression increased the level of miR-16 in cell-secreted MVs, suggesting that Ago2 may facilitate the packaging of secreted miRNAs into MVs. Third, exogenous miR-16 delivered by MVs within the origin cells significantly reduced the Bcl2 protein level in recipient cells, and miR-16 and Bcl2 mRNA were physically associated with exogenous HA-tagged Ago2 (HA-Ago2. Finally, the effect of MV-delivered miR-16 on the production of the Bcl2 protein in recipient cells was not abolished by knocking down Ago2 in the recipient cells.
Independent chromatin binding of ARGONAUTE4 and SPT5L/KTF1 mediates transcriptional gene silencing.
M Jordan Rowley
Full Text Available Eukaryotic genomes contain significant amounts of transposons and repetitive DNA elements, which, if transcribed, can be detrimental to the organism. Expression of these elements is suppressed by establishment of repressive chromatin modifications. In Arabidopsis thaliana, they are silenced by the siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing pathway where long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs produced by RNA Polymerase V (Pol V guide ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4 to chromatin and attract enzymes that establish repressive chromatin modifications. It is unknown how chromatin modifying enzymes are recruited to chromatin. We show through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP that SPT5L/KTF1, a silencing factor and a homolog of SPT5 elongation factors, binds chromatin at loci subject to transcriptional silencing. Chromatin binding of SPT5L/KTF1 occurs downstream of RNA Polymerase V, but independently from the presence of 24-nt siRNA. We also show that SPT5L/KTF1 and AGO4 are recruited to chromatin in parallel and independently of each other. As shown using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, binding of both AGO4 and SPT5L/KTF1 is required for DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications of several loci. We propose that the coordinate binding of SPT5L and AGO4 creates a platform for direct or indirect recruitment of chromatin modifying enzymes.
Argonaute2 Protein in Rat Spermatogenic Cells Is Localized to Nuage Structures and LAMP2-Positive Vesicles Surrounding Chromatoid Bodies.
Fujii, Yuki; Onohara, Yuko; Fujita, Hideaki; Yokota, Sadaki
Localization of Argonaute2 (AGO2) protein-an essential component for the processing of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-directed RNA interference (RNAi) in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in nuage of rat spermatogenic cells-was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). AGO2 was shown, for the first time, to be localized to four previously classified types of nuage: irregularly shaped perinuclear granules (ISPGs), intermitochondrial cement (IMC), satellite bodies (SBs), and chromatoid bodies (CBs). Dual IEM staining for AGO2/Maelstrom (MAEL) protein or AGO2/MIWI protein demonstrated that AGO2 is colocalized with MAEL or MIWI proteins in these types of nuage. Dual IFM and IEM staining of AGO2/lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) showed that CB in round spermatids are in contact with and surrounded by LAMP2-positive vesicles, whereas nuage in pachytene spermatocytes are not. Taken together, our findings indicate that: (i) AGO2 in pachytene spermatocytes functions in ISPGs, IMC, and SBs; (ii) AGO2 in round spermatids functions in CBs, and that CBs are associated with lysosomal compartments. PMID:27029769
Expression of the Argonaute protein PiwiL2 and piRNAs in adult mouse mesenchymal stem cells
Wu, Qiuling; Ma, Qi; Shehadeh, Lina A.; Wilson, Amber; Xia, Linghui; Yu, Hong [Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 (United States); Webster, Keith A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 (United States)
Piwi (P-element-induced wimpy testis) first discovered in Drosophila is a member of the Argonaute family of micro-RNA binding proteins with essential roles in germ-cell development. The murine homologue of PiwiL2, also known as Mili is selectively expressed in the testes, and mice bearing targeted mutations of the PiwiL2 gene are male-sterile. PiwiL2 proteins are thought to protect the germ line genome by suppressing retrotransposons, stabilizing heterochromatin structure, and regulating target genes during meiosis and mitosis. Here, we report that PiwiL2 and associated piRNAs (piRs) may play similar roles in adult mouse mesenchymal stem cells. We found that PiwiL2 is expressed in the cytoplasm of metaphase mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of adult and aged mice. Knockdown of PiwiL2 with a specific siRNA enhanced cell proliferation, significantly increased the number of cells in G1/S and G2/M cell cycle phases and was associated with increased expression of cell cycle genes CCND1, CDK8, microtubule regulation genes, and decreased expression of tumor suppressors Cables 1, LATS, and Cxxc4. The results suggest broader roles for Piwi in genome surveillance beyond the germ line and a possible role in regulating the cell cycle of mesenchymal stem cells.
Expression of the Argonaute protein PiwiL2 and piRNAs in adult mouse mesenchymal stem cells
Piwi (P-element-induced wimpy testis) first discovered in Drosophila is a member of the Argonaute family of micro-RNA binding proteins with essential roles in germ-cell development. The murine homologue of PiwiL2, also known as Mili is selectively expressed in the testes, and mice bearing targeted mutations of the PiwiL2 gene are male-sterile. PiwiL2 proteins are thought to protect the germ line genome by suppressing retrotransposons, stabilizing heterochromatin structure, and regulating target genes during meiosis and mitosis. Here, we report that PiwiL2 and associated piRNAs (piRs) may play similar roles in adult mouse mesenchymal stem cells. We found that PiwiL2 is expressed in the cytoplasm of metaphase mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of adult and aged mice. Knockdown of PiwiL2 with a specific siRNA enhanced cell proliferation, significantly increased the number of cells in G1/S and G2/M cell cycle phases and was associated with increased expression of cell cycle genes CCND1, CDK8, microtubule regulation genes, and decreased expression of tumor suppressors Cables 1, LATS, and Cxxc4. The results suggest broader roles for Piwi in genome surveillance beyond the germ line and a possible role in regulating the cell cycle of mesenchymal stem cells.
Collapse of germline piRNAs in the absence of Argonaute3 reveals somatic piRNAs in flies.
Li, Chengjian; Vagin, Vasily V; Lee, Soohyun; Xu, Jia; Ma, Shengmei; Xi, Hualin; Seitz, Hervé; Horwich, Michael D; Syrzycka, Monika; Honda, Barry M; Kittler, Ellen L W; Zapp, Maria L; Klattenhoff, Carla; Schulz, Nadine; Theurkauf, William E; Weng, Zhiping; Zamore, Phillip D
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence transposons in animal germ cells. piRNAs are thought to derive from long transcripts spanning transposon-rich genomic loci and to direct an autoamplification loop in which an antisense piRNA, bound to Aubergine or Piwi protein, triggers production of a sense piRNA bound to the PIWI protein Argonaute3 (Ago3). In turn, the new piRNA is envisioned to produce a second antisense piRNA. Here, we describe strong loss-of-function mutations in ago3, allowing a direct genetic test of this model. We find that Ago3 acts to amplify piRNA pools and to enforce on them an antisense bias, increasing the number of piRNAs that can act to silence transposons. We also detect a second, Ago3-independent piRNA pathway centered on Piwi. Transposons targeted by this second pathway often reside in the flamenco locus, which is expressed in somatic ovarian follicle cells, suggesting a role for piRNAs beyond the germline. PMID:19395009
Tobacco rattle virus 16K silencing suppressor binds ARGONAUTE 4 and inhibits formation of RNA silencing complexes.
Fernández-Calvino, Lourdes; Martínez-Priego, Llúcia; Szabo, Edit Z; Guzmán-Benito, Irene; González, Inmaculada; Canto, Tomás; Lakatos, Lóránt; Llave, César
The cysteine-rich 16K protein of tobacco rattle virus (TRV), the type member of the genus Tobravirus, is known to suppress RNA silencing. However, the mechanism of action of the 16K suppressor is not well understood. In this study, we used a GFP-based sensor strategy and an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay in Nicotiana benthamiana to show that 16K was unable to inhibit the activity of existing small interfering RNA (siRNA)- and microRNA (miRNA)-programmed RNA-induced silencing effector complexes (RISCs). In contrast, 16K efficiently interfered with de novo formation of miRNA- and siRNA-guided RISCs, thus preventing cleavage of target RNA. Interestingly, we found that transiently expressed endogenous miR399 and miR172 directed sequence-specific silencing of complementary sequences of viral origin. 16K failed to bind small RNAs, although it interacted with ARGONAUTE 4, as revealed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and immunoprecipitation assays. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that highly conserved cysteine residues within the N-terminal and central regions of the 16K protein are required for protein stability and/or RNA silencing suppression. PMID:26498945
Estudio de viabilidad de hotel urbano de 4 estrellas en la ciudad de Barcelona
Expósito Sarmiento, Gil
El estudio realizado trata sobre la implantación de un hotel de 4* en la ciudad de Barcelona, herramienta con la cual una cadena hotelera Americana pretende entrar en el mercado europeo. Barcelona es la ciudad trampolín escogida para dar el salto a este mercado. El hecho de que el motivo principal del proyecto no sea el hacer simplemente una inversión económica no impide que la sociedad haga un estudio de viabilidad para averiguar si este es factible, o sea rentable. La única d...
La salsa en Barcelona: inmigración, identidad, músicas latinas y baile
Llano Camacho, Isabel
La difusión de la salsa en España se inicia desde 1970 con la promoción de cantantes realizada por el sello discográfico Fania, sin embargo, en Barcelona es desde 1980 cuando empieza la popularización de músicos y orquestas a través de la radio, conciertos en directo, y cuando las orquestas locales interpretan famosas canciones de salsa del momento. En Barcelona, el estilo de baile cubano fue el primero en difundirse a inicios de 1990. Sin embargo, el estilo Los Ángeles comenzó a proliferar d...
L'escultura romànica del palau episcopal de Barcelona
Lorés, Immaculada
Durante los primeros años del siglo XIII, o quizás un poco antes, llegaron a Barcelona escultores que se encargaron de la realización de obras como la puerta de la catedral de Barcelona, la fachada y el claustro del monasterio de Sant Pau del Camp o los capiteles del patio del Palacio Episcopal. La escultura conservada de la residencia obispal, al tiempo que presenta claras relaciones con Sant Pau del Camp, es una muestra de la confluencia de las diferentes corrientes que permi...
La construcció en l'arquitectura de Barcelona a final del segle XVIII.
Rosell Colomina, Jaume
A partir de l'arxiu Renart dipositat a la Biblioteca de Catalunya, s'estudien els papers de Josep Renart i Closes (Barcelona 1746-1824), un destacat mestre de cases al servei de la Corona i també incipient professional liberal. Renart és important, sobretot, perquè va escriure una sèrie de textos encara inèdits, Els quinzenaris (dels que se n'ha transcrit una part) on passa revista a l'arquitectura barcelonina i a la construcció catalana del seu temps. Precisament en aquell temps Barcelona ex...
Ginebra y Barcelona: breve relato de un señalado encuentro
Coll, César
El 12 de noviembre de 1970 el profesor Jean Piaget era investido doctor honoris causa por la Universidad de Barcelona. Con motivo de aquel acto, el Departamento de Psicologia de la, en aquellos momentos, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras de la Universidad de Barcelona organizó un seminario de varios dias de duración sobre psicologia genética. El seminario estuvo dirigido por las profesoras Barbel Inhelder e Irhe Lézine, estrechas colaboradoras del profesor Piaget en Ginebra y Paris respectivamen...
Architectural measures aimed at solving the problem of aircraft noise in buildings : the Barcelona Airport experience
Zamora i Mestre, Joan-Lluís
Coinciding with the start of construction of the new extension of Barcelona airport (El Prat), the Executive Office of the Barcelona Plan (OEPB), depending on Spanish Airports and Air Navigation (AENA), was set up to manage all works related to this extension. The OEPB developed a specific Plan for Acoustic Insulation based on the DIA (Declaration of Environmental Impact, dated 9 January 2002) in order to deal with the acoustic impact of the opening of the third runway, the new joint use of t...
Women's paid work in an urban developing economy. Barcelona in 1930
Domènech Feliu, Jordi; Elu-Terán, Alexander
Este artículo explora los determinantes del trabajo de las mujeres en la ciudad de Barcelona en 1930. Aunque las tasas de participación en Barcelona eran muy inferiores a las de algunas ciudades británicas o estadounidenses durante el mismo período de tiempo, nuestras estimaciones de la oferta de trabajo sugieren que las mujeres barcelonesas respondían positivamente a los estímulos salariales. Sin embargo, la característica más sobresaliente de la organización familiar del t...
Air quality in schools and children's exposure to particulate pollution in Barcelona
Rivas Lara, Ioar
L'exposició als contaminants atmosfèrics s'ha relacionat amb efectes negatius a la salut i els infants constitueixen un subgrup de la població particularment vulnerable. Es determinà la qualitat de l'aire a l'interior i exterior de 39 escoles de Barcelona i Sant Cugat del Vallès. El mateixos contaminants mesurats a les escoles també es monitoritzaren a una estació de fons urbà a Barcelona (UB-PR). Les concentracions de carboni negre equivalent (EBC), NO2 i partícules ultrafines (UFP) m...
Proyecto alternativo de remodelación del Testero del Muelle de Ergransa, Barcelona.
García Díez, Alejandro
Este trabajo va a consistir en plantear un proyecto alternativo a la reforma que se llevó a cabo en el muelle testero de Ergransa en el Puerto de Barcelona. Primero explicaré en que consistió esta renovación y como se desarrolló su proceso constructivo. El proyecto se ideó con el fin de reparar un muelle testero del Puerto de Barcelona fuertemente deteriorado, debido a su construcción hace ya casi un siglo y su uso constante durante las últimas décadas, por encontrarse en una zona de gran act...
Structural assessment of the masonry vaults of a pavilion of Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona
Endo, Yohei; Roca Fabregat, Pedro; Pelà, Luca; García, Joan Francesc; Zazurca, Mercè
The large complex of Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau in Barcelona, built between 1901 and 1930 and designed (in their largest part) by architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner, constitute one of the major examples of the Catalan Modernism which flourished in Barcelona in the early 20th century. The historical part of the complex was inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. In addition to their interesting architectural and aesthetic value, the buildings draw attention because of th...
Hogerton, John
This pamphlet describes how reactors work; discusses reactor design; describes research, teaching, and materials testing reactors; production reactors; reactors for electric power generation; reactors for supply heat; reactors for propulsion; reactors for space; reactor safety; and reactors of tomorrow. The appendix discusses characteristics of U.S. civilian power reactor concepts and lists some of the U.S. reactor power projects, with location, type, capacity, owner, and startup date.
Australia's replacement research reactor project
HIFAR, a 10 MW tank type DIDO Class reactor has operated at the Lucas Heights Science and Technology Centre for 43 years. HIFAR and the 10 kW Argonaut reactor 'Moata' which is in the Care and Maintenance phase of decommissioning are Australia's only nuclear reactors. The initial purpose for HIFAR was for materials testing to support a nuclear power program. Changing community attitude through the 1970's and a Government decision not to proceed with a planned nuclear power reactor resulted in a reduction of materials testing activities and a greater emphasis being placed on neutron beam research and the production of radioisotopes, particularly for medical purposes. HIFAR is not fully capable of satisfying the expected increase in demand for medical radiopharmaceuticals beyond the next 5 years and the radial configuration of the beam tubes severely restricts the scope and efficiency of neutron beam research. In 1997 the Australian Government decided that a replacement research reactor should be built by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation at Lucas Heights subject to favourable results of an Environmental Impact Study. The Ei identified no reasons on the grounds of safety, health, hazard or risk to prevent construction on the preferred site and it was decided in May 1999 that there were no environmental reasons why construction of the facility should not proceed. In recent years ANSTO has been reviewing the operation of HIFAR and observing international developments in reactor technology. Limitations in the flexibility and efficiency achievable in operation of a tank type reactor and the higher intrinsic safety sought in fundamental design resulted in an early decision that the replacement reactor must be a pool type having cleaner and higher intensity tangential neutron beams of wider energy range than those available from HIFAR. ANSTO has chosen to use it's own resources supported by specialised external knowledge and experience to identify
Barcelona's water supply, 1867–1967 : the transition to a modern system
Guàrdia Bassols, Manuel; Rosselló i Nicolau, Maribel; Garriga Bosch, Sergi
Barcelona's water supply since 14th century to 1867, the Eixample's water supply problem the development of modern water supply since 1867 to 1967 the new sanitation system impact on water consumption water's slow entry into the domestic sphere from post-war restrictions to widespread water consumption. Peer Reviewed
Reading and censorship in early modern Europe Barcelona, 11-13 de diciembre de 2007 /
Vega Ramos, María José; Esteve, Cesc; Weiss, Julian
La col·lecció Studia Aurea Monográfica, coeditada por la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona y la Universitat de Girona, es una colección auspiciada por Studia Aurea. Revista de Literatura Española y Teoría Literaria del Renacimiento y Siglo de Oro.
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Barcelona: 1992–2003
Pasarín M Isabel
Full Text Available Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess trends in cancer mortality by educational level in Barcelona from 1992 to 2003. Methods The study population comprised Barcelona inhabitants aged 20 years or older. Data on cancer deaths were supplied by the system of information on mortality. Educational level was obtained from the municipal census. Age-standardized rates by educational level were calculated. We also fitted Poisson regression models to estimate the relative index of inequality (RII and the Slope Index of Inequalities (SII. All were calculated for each sex and period (1992–1994, 1995–1997, 1998–2000, and 2001–2003. Results Cancer mortality was higher in men and women with lower educational level throughout the study period. Less-schooled men had higher mortality by stomach, mouth and pharynx, oesophagus, larynx and lung cancer. In women, there were educational inequalities for cervix uteri, liver and colon cancer. Inequalities of overall and specific types of cancer mortality remained stable in Barcelona; although a slight reduction was observed for some cancers. Conclusion This study has identified those cancer types presenting the greatest inequalities between men and women in recent years and shown that in Barcelona there is a stable trend in inequalities in the burden of cancer.
Spatial variability of trace elements and sources for improved exposure assessment in Barcelona
Minguillón, M.C.; Cirach, M.; Hoek, G.; Brunekreef, B.; Tsai, M.; Hoogh, K. de; Jedynska, A.; Kooter, I.M.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.; Querol, X.
Trace and major elements concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at 20 sites spread in the Barcelona metropolitan area (1 rural background, 6 urban background, 13 road traffic sites) and at 1 reference site. Three 2-week samples per site and size fraction were collected during 2009 using low
Teaching and Learning in the Virtual Campus: The Case of the University of Barcelona
Gil, Juana M. Sancho; Sanchez, Joan-Anton
This article is based on a research project aimed at analysing the teaching and learning models explicit and implicit in the different uses of e-learning platforms. From qualitative analysis of the interview with the coordinator of the Virtual Campus of the University of Barcelona (VC-UB) and the focus group with the 8 lecturers, emerged both the…
Assessing public leadership styles for innovation: A comparison of Copenhagen, Rotterdam and Barcelona
Ricard, Lykke Margot; Klijn, Erik Hans; Lewis, Jenny M.;
This article explores which leadership qualities public managers regard as important for public innovation. It is based on a survey of 365 senior public managers in Copenhagen, Rotterdam and Barcelona. Five perspectives on leadership were identified and tested using a number of items. Some of these...
A conceptual model to manage supply sequences in automotive industry for Nissan Barcelona
Bautista Valhondo, Joaquín; Fortuny Santos, Jordi
This paper presents an action research experience in Douki-Seisan in cooperation with the Nissan Factory in Barcelona. Three suppliers are involved in the experience to improve the way they perform synchro deliveries of parts to Nissan. Supplier issues are analysed and a decision making tool is developed for a supplier.
The Barcelona-Catania-Paris-Madrid functional with a realistic effective mass
Baldo, M; Schuck, P; Viñas, X
The Barcelona-Catania-Paris-Madrid (BCPM) functional recently proposed to describe nuclear structure properties of finite nuclei is generalized as to include a realistic effective mass. The resulting functional is as good as the previous one in describing binding energies, radii, deformation properties, etc and, in addition, the description of Giant Quadrupole Resonance energies is greatly improved.
From Strategic Planning to Development Initiatives: a first reflection on the situation of Lisbon and Barcelona
Marques, Bruno Pereira
MARQUES, B.P. (2014) From Strategic Planning to Development Initiatives: a first reflection on the situation of Lisbon and Barcelona, in 20th APDR Congress Proceddings, APDR and UÉvora, Évora, pp. 850-857, ISBN 978-989-8780-01-0.
La ciudad fingida. Representaciones y memorias de la Barcelona turística
Palou Rubio, Saida
Full Text Available The current article is focused on tourist pictures of Barcelona. Those highly sponsored pictures of the city that some times match the reality and some others do not; however true or false they share the same stereotyped and fake image. The picture of the tourist Barcelona shows a general image (an ideal representation of the city, and this idealization creates several clichés that provide the city with its own special flavour and identity. This widely spread picture of Barcelona selects and presents several pieces and corners of the city that naturally become direct associations to it. This procedure of making reference points out of the resources the city has is not only efficient but can also confuse its real façade. A façade that most tourists can only glance at turning it as superficial and ephemeral as it is portrayed and assuming this sponsored image of Barcelona. The gap between such tourist pictures and the reality damages the identity of the city as this type of imposed pictures aid the creation of such clichés
Barcelona entre restos e silêncios : a persistência da desmemoria
Elisa Amorim Vieira
os relatos do escritor inglês George Orwell, testemunha dos conflitos que cercam a Barcelona revolucionária, à narrativa da série de documentários intitulada España en Guerra (1936- 39, produzida pela TVE, em 1986.
Valuation of travel time savings for intercity travel: The Madrid-Barcelona corridor
Roman, Concepcion; Carlos Martin, Juan; Espino, Raquel;
We derive values of travel time savings (VOT) for the Madrid-Barcelona corridor, linking the two largest cities in Spain, based on the estimation of discrete choice models among the main public transport services in the corridor: air transport, high speed rail (HSR) and bus. The new HSR alternative...
Specific argonautes selectively bind small RNAs derived from potato spindle tuber viroid and attenuate viroid accumulation in vivo.
Minoia, Sofia; Carbonell, Alberto; Di Serio, Francesco; Gisel, Andreas; Carrington, James C; Navarro, Beatriz; Flores, Ricardo
The identification of viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) of 21 to 24 nucleotides (nt) in plants infected by viroids (infectious non-protein-coding RNAs of just 250 to 400 nt) supports their targeting by Dicer-like enzymes, the first host RNA-silencing barrier. However, whether viroids, like RNA viruses, are also targeted by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) remains controversial. At the RISC core is one Argonaute (AGO) protein that, guided by endogenous or viral sRNAs, targets complementary RNAs. To examine whether AGO proteins also load vd-sRNAs, leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana infected by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) were agroinfiltrated with plasmids expressing epitope-tagged versions of AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, AGO4, AGO5, AGO6, AGO7, AGO9, and AGO10 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Immunoprecipitation analyses of the agroinfiltrated halos revealed that all AGOs except AGO6, AGO7, and AGO10 associated with vd-sRNAs: AGO1, AGO2, and AGO3 preferentially with those of 21 and 22 nt, while AGO4, AGO5, and AGO9 additionally bound those of 24 nt. Deep-sequencing analyses showed that sorting of vd-sRNAs into AGO1, AGO2, AGO4, and AGO5 depended essentially on their 5'-terminal nucleotides, with the profiles of the corresponding AGO-loaded vd-sRNAs adopting specific hot spot distributions along the viroid genome. Furthermore, agroexpression of AGO1, AGO2, AGO4, and AGO5 on PSTVd-infected tissue attenuated the level of the genomic RNAs, suggesting that they, or their precursors, are RISC targeted. In contrast to RNA viruses, PSTVd infection of N. benthamiana did not affect miR168-mediated regulation of the endogenous AGO1, which loaded vd-sRNAs with specificity similar to that of its A. thaliana counterpart. Importance: To contain invaders, particularly RNA viruses, plants have evolved an RNA-silencing mechanism relying on the generation by Dicer-like (DCL) enzymes of virus-derived small RNAs of 21 to 24 nucleotides (nt) that load and guide Argonaute (AGO) proteins to
Urban Governance of Employment Activation. The Case of Barcelona Activa (Spain Governança urbana em ativação do emprego: o caso de Barcelona Activa (Espanha
Alessandro Gentile
Full Text Available Within the framework of rescaling nation-State and improving new modes of governance, activation policieshave to be interpreted as qualified initiatives for economic growth and social integration at a subnationallevel and, specifically, in regional and urban contexts. Barcelona Activa is the local agency of theBarcelona City Council (Spain designed for business improvement and employment quality through horizontalsubsidiary and public-private partnerships. This agency acts as a pivotal body of the municipaladministration in order to implement a variety of programs aimed at labour and professional empowerment,small and medium-sized companies creation and urban marketing. The paper focuses on BarcelonaActivas strategies, outcomes and criticisms in the current financial crisis, approaching its institutional rolefor the development of Barcelona as one of the main southern gateways to Europe.
A Potential Protein-RNA Recognition Event Along the RISC-Loading Pathway from the Structure of A. aeolicus Argonaute with Externally Bound siRNA
Yuan,Y.; Pei, Y.; Chen, H.; Tuschl, T.; Patel, D.
Argonaute proteins are key components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). They provide both architectural and catalytic functionalities associated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) guide strand recognition and subsequent guide strand-mediated cleavage of complementary mRNAs. We report on the 3.0 {angstrom} crystal structures of 22-mer and 26-mer siRNAs bound to Aquifex aeolicus Argonaute (Aa-Ago), where one 2 nt 3' overhang of the siRNA inserts into a cavity positioned on the outer surface of the PAZ-containing lobe of the bilobal Aa-Ago architecture. The first overhang nucleotide stacks over a tyrosine ring, while the second overhang nucleotide, together with the intervening sugar-phosphate backbone, inserts into a preformed surface cavity. Photochemical crosslinking studies on Aa-Ago with 5-iodoU-labeled single-stranded siRNA and siRNA duplex provide support for this externally bound siRNA-Aa-Ago complex. The structure and biochemical data together provide insights into a protein-RNA recognition event potentially associated with the RISC-loading pathway.
Natural variation of the amino-terminal glutamine-rich domain in Drosophila argonaute2 is not associated with developmental defects.
Daniel Hain
Full Text Available The Drosophila argonaute2 (ago2 gene plays a major role in siRNA mediated RNA silencing pathways. Unlike mammalian Argonaute proteins, the Drosophila protein has an unusual amino-terminal domain made up largely of multiple copies of glutamine-rich repeats (GRRs. We report here that the ago2 locus produces an alternative transcript that encodes a putative short isoform without this amino-terminal domain. Several ago2 mutations previously reported to be null alleles only abolish expression of the long, GRR-containing isoform. Analysis of drop out (dop mutations had previously suggested that variations in GRR copy number result in defects in RNAi and embryonic development. However, we find that dop mutations genetically complement transcript-null alleles of ago2 and that ago2 alleles with variant GRR copy numbers support normal development. In addition, we show that the assembly of the central RNAi machinery, the RISC (RNA induced silencing complex, is unimpaired in embryos when GRR copy number is altered. In fact, we find that GRR copy number is highly variable in natural D. melanogaster populations as well as in laboratory strains. Finally, while many other insects share an extensive, glutamine-rich Ago2 amino-terminal domain, its primary sequence varies drastically between species. Our data indicate that GRR variation does not modulate an essential function of Ago2 and that the amino-terminal domain of Ago2 is subject to rapid evolution.
miRNA–target chimeras reveal miRNA 3′-end pairing as a major determinant of Argonaute target specificity
Moore, Michael J.; Scheel, Troels K. H.; Luna, Joseph M.; Park, Christopher Y.; Fak, John J.; Nishiuchi, Eiko; Rice, Charles M.; Darnell, Robert B.
microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which mediate posttranscriptional silencing of target messenger RNAs. Despite their importance in many biological processes, rules governing AGO–miRNA targeting are only partially understood. Here we report a modified AGO HITS-CLIP strategy termed CLEAR (covalent ligation of endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP, which enriches miRNAs ligated to their endogenous mRNA targets. CLEAR-CLIP mapped ∼130,000 endogenous miRNA–target interactions in mouse brain and ∼40,000 in human hepatoma cells. Motif and structural analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs. Most interactions combine seed-based pairing with distinct, miRNA-specific patterns of auxiliary pairing. At some regulatory sites, this specificity confers distinct silencing functions to miRNA family members with shared seed sequences but divergent 3′-ends. This work provides a means for explicit biochemical identification of miRNA sites in vivo, leading to the discovery that miRNA 3′-end pairing is a general determinant of AGO binding specificity. PMID:26602609
The Role of Bullfighting and FC Barcelona in the Emancipation of Catalonia from Spain (El papel de la corrida de toros y FC Barcelona en la emancipación de Cataluña de España)
TKac, John A.
Abstract: This paper looks at the role that bullfighting and FC Barcelona have played in the growing independence movement in Catalonia. This article will discuss nations, the importance of bullfighting and soccer to Iberian cultures, Catalan political parties and their role in the nationalist movement, the vote to prohibit bullfighting and FC Barcelona´s increasing political conscious. I conclude that bullfighting and soccer have been used by political parties and those associated with the n...
Use of research reactors for training and teaching nuclear sciences
Training activities on reactors are organized by Cea on 2 specially dedicated reactors Ulysse (Saclay) and Siloette (Grenoble) and 2 research reactors Minerve (Cadarache) and Azur (Cadarache, facility managed by Technicatome). About 4000 students have been trained on Ulysse since its commissioning more than 40 years ago. The concept that led to the design of Ulysse was to build a true reactor dedicated to teaching and training activities and that was able to operate with great flexibility and under high conditions of safety, this reactor is inspired from the Argonaut-type reactor. The main specificities of Ulysse are: a nominal power of 100 kW, a maximal thermal neutron flux of 1.4 1012 n.cm-2.s-1, a 90 % enriched fuel, a graphite reflector, the use of water as coolant and moderator, and 6 cadmium plates as control rods. Ulysse allows students to get practical experience on a large range of topics: approach to criticality, effect of the starting neutron source, calibration of control rods, distribution of the neutron flux in the thermal column, temperature coefficient, radiation detectors, neutron activation analysis, and radioprotection. (A.C.)
Muusikamaailm : Sibeliuse preemia laureaat on Ligeti. Uusooperid Turus, Milanos, Barcelonas. Aasta dirigent on Daniel Barenboim / Priit Kuusk
Kuusk, Priit, 1938-
Wihuri fondi Sibeliuse preemia sai G. Ligeti. Uusooperitest Turu toomkirikus, Milano La Scala ja Barcelona Gran Teatre del Liceu laval. D. Barenboim pälvis heliplaadipreemia Echo Klassik koos aasta dirigendi 2000 tiitliga
Evolution of industrial wastewater pollution in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area; Evolucion de la contaminacion industrial en las aguas residuales del area metropolitana de Barcelona
Mantecon Pascual, R.
The Environmental Agency of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area has full powers regarding sewerage. Industrial wastewater emptied into the public sewer system has been monitored and analysed since 1988. the data showing the evolution of the pollution in industrial wastewater are presented, broken down by activities and parameters. These data are based on the analysis of 14,528 samples taken during 19,555 inspections of 5,655 factories. It was found that there has been a gradual improvement in the quality of the effluents. Failure to meet the requirements concerning one or more of the physico-chemical parameters fell from 71% to 39% of the samples analysed. (Author)
Patrimonios incómodos para la imagen que Barcelona ofrece al mundo
Reventós Gil de Biedma, Ana
Full Text Available Barcelona is today a city of reference within the world's tourist map. Created as a process of both an economic evolution towards the third sector as well as a powerful brand image, from the Olympics up to nowadays. Within this scene, Culture and Arts have been pushed at the center of the strategy, building a "cultural spectacle" aimed to differentiate the city's offer in the market. Furthermore, some specific icons oriented to give it a Catalan, Cosmopolitan and Modern identity are promoted, adding also new symbolic values such as diversity, tolerance or Mediterranean character. Meaning that some range of cultural heritages should be reinforced while others are put aside or even hidden. Barcelona appears then as the result of a perfectly drawn political strategic planning, under the appearance of social consensus and citizens' involvement
Environmental metabolism of educational services : case study of nursery schools in the city of Barcelona
Sanjuan Delmás, David; Petit, Anna; Martínez Blanco, Julia; Rieradevall, Joan
The environmental analysis of public nursery schools is of great interest since they are crucial in the early education of children and are expected to show high environmental standards. This paper aims to analyse the environmental profile (energy, water and transport flows) of this sector. A sample of 12 public nursery schools belonging to the Scholar Agenda 21 (SA21) of the city of Barcelona were selected given their data quality (eight centres applied to all analysis) to determine their en...
Servicios bibliotecarios para poblaciones de la provincia de Barcelona menores de 3000 habitantes.
Comalat, Maite; Reyes, Lourdes; Rodríguez, Concepción
Planificación y desarrollo de un estudio sobre los servicios de información y lectura en municipios de menos de 3.000 habitantes de la provincia de Barcelona. A partir del trabajo de campo sobre necesidades de los usuarios y su situación socioeconómica y cultural se señala la metodología seguida así como la respuesta obtenida de los municipios implicados.
The relation between energy consumption and developed land; a model for the metropolitan area of Barcelona
Cerda, Jorge; Romano, Yraida; Perez, Claudia; Roca, Josep
The study of the developed land and the energy consumption is part of a main project, which objective is the development of a model for the evaluation of the environmental and energy efficiency of the interaction (mobility) and land use structure (called as 'territorial functionality'), applied to the metropolitan area of Barcelona . One of the most important points of the main project is the modeling of energy consumption, and developed land produced by the territorial functionality. This pa...
Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad Barcelona 1992
COOB'92 was the first Organising Committee to offer an Official Report in four separate editions. Indeed, the "Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad Barcelona 1992" exists in French, English, Spanish and Catalan. Each edition consists of five volumes (The challenge; The means; The organisation; The Games; The results). Volume 5 was quadrilingual, so identical for each edition, and came with two diskettes containing the biographies of the Olympic medallists. Vol 1 Part I: The city ;...
Seawater intrusion barrier in the deltaic Llobregat aquifer (Barcelona, Spain): performance and pilot phase results
Ortuño Gobern, Felip; Molinero Huguet, Jorge José; Custodio Gimena, Emilio; Juárez Álvarez, Iker; Garrido, Teresa; Fraile, Josep
The main aquifer of the Llobregat Delta (Barcelona, Spain) is affected by seawater intrusion processes since the 1960s. The Catalan Water Agency is currently promoting several actions of artificial aquifer recharge, including the construction of a positive hydraulic barrier in order to stop the advance of the seawater intrusion. Such a positive hydraulic barrier works by injecting reclaimed water in 14 wells. This is the first time that a project of this type is performed in Spain and i...
Virtual Visit to the ATLAS Control Room by the University of Barcelona
Future Learning is an initiative at the University of Barcelona - Faculty of Pedagogy and Education - aimed at developing research on the educational, cultural and socio-economic aspects of the use of ICT in learning settings, with special emphasis on virtual learning and eLearning. In the framework of the PATHWAY EU project, Future Learning is leading a series of teacher training activities around the CERN mini-exhibition that is touring Spain this year.
El comercio de los inmigrantes en el centro histórico de Barcelona en 2004
Serra del Pozo, Pau
In the last decade the increasing number of foreign immigrants in Catalonia has been especially apparent in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona, where immigrants' shops have multiplied. The Ciutat Vella immigrant shops have several features such as small size, a long working day and the presence of employed relatives together with other employees of the same origin as that of the employer. The dominant typologies of the shops are: groceries, tele shops, money transfer (for remittances), ba...
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in institutionalized elderly in Barcelona (Spain)
Cornejo, Marco; Pérez de, Gloria; Lima, Kenio-Costa de; Casals Peidró, Elías; Borrell, Carme
Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the oral health status and the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in people aged 65 and older institutionalized in Barcelona in 2009. Study Design: Cross sectional study in 194 elderly. The dependent variable was poor OHRQoL, according to the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). The independent variables were socio-demographic data, last dental visit, subjective and objective oral health status....
Scientific 'marvels' in the public sphere : Barcelona and its 1888 International Exhibition
Nieto-Galan, Agustí
This paper examines the scientific culture of the 1888 Barcelona International Exhibition from different perspectives. Firstly, it emphasises how controversy rather than consensus imbued the everyday life of the city during that exceptional event, from April to December 1888. Secondly, the article discusses how science—including science, technology and medicine—became a tool in political debates about the pros and contras of the exhibition. Thirdly, through the careful analysis of particular ...
New analytical model to generalize the Barcelona Test using axial displacement
Pujadas Álvarez, Pablo; Blanco Álvarez, Ana; Pialarissi Cavalaro, Sergio Henrique; Fuente Antequera, Albert de la; Aguado de Cea, Antonio
The Barcelona Test has proved to be very suitable for the systematic control of the tensile properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC). Nevertheless, the need to measure the total circumferential opening displacement (TCOD) of the specimen entails the use of an expensive circumferential extensometer. In order to simplify the test, studies from the literature propose the use of the axial displacement of the press (δ) instead of the TCOD, obtaining empirical equations to correlate the energy...
Sustainable development program at the Faculty of Nautical Studies of Barcelona, Nautical engineering education
Castells Sanabra, Marcel·la; Martín Mallofré, Agustí; Ordás Jiménez, Santiago; Aguilar, S.; Solé, M
Nautical engineering education institutions play an important role and are a key tool in the future sustainable maritime transport and naval world. This paper addresses the role of nautical engineering education in the learning and implementation of the competence of sustainability and social commitment (SSC) in the Nautical Faculty of Barcelona and presents results of the first year of the implementation of the environmental program STEP2015 at the Universitat Politècnica de C...
Celosvětová marketingová strategie klubu FC Barcelona
Podzimek, David
This bachelor's dissertation concerns itself with the marketing strategy of the FC Barcelona football club, as a leading European mega-club and one of the most popular sports clubs in the world. The work endeavours to analyse the approach of the aforementioned club to its marketing activities undertaken on a global scale and to inspect the prerequisites for the functioning of its marketing strategy using the example of domestic football fans and based on an evaluation of marketing research, w...
Desarrollo de la materia Proyectos. Grado de Comunicación Audiovisual. Universitat de Barcelona
Romeo Delgado, Marina; Yepes i Baldó, Montserrat; Burset Burillo, Sílvia; García Asensio, Ma. Ángeles; González Argüello, Ma. Vicenta (María Vicenta); Sánchez, Lydia; Berger, Rita
El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la propuesta de desarrollo de la materia Proyectos del Grado de Comunicación Audiovisual de la Universidad de Barcelona, que incluye las asignaturas Proyectos I y Proyectos II. Ambas asignaturas son especialmente idóneas para trabajar las competencias transversales del grado, dado que el objetivo de la materia a la que pertenecen es integrar las competencias adquiridas en el conjunto de asignaturas cursadas por los alumnos hasta este momento, poni...
Continuous atmospheric boundary layer observations in the coastal urban area of Barcelona, Spain
Pandolfi, M.; Martucci, G.; X. Querol; Alastuey, A.; F. Wilsenack; Frey, S.; C. D. O'Dowd; Dall'Osto, M.
Continuous measurements of Surface Mixed Layer (SML), Decoupled Residual/Convective Layer (DRCL) and aerosol backscatter coefficient were performed within the Barcelona (NE Spain) boundary layer from September to October 2010 (30 days) in the framework of the SAPUSS (Solving Aerosol Problems Using Synergistic Strategies) field campaign. Two near-infrared ceilometers (Jenoptik CHM15K) vertically and horizontally-probing (only vertical profiles are discussed) were deployed during SAPUSS and ...
Continuous atmospheric boundary layer observations in the coastal urban area of Barcelona during SAPUSS
Pandolfi, M.; Martucci, G.; X. Querol; Alastuey, A.; F. Wilsenack; Frey, S.; C. D. O'Dowd; Dall'Osto, M.
Continuous measurements of surface mixed layer (SML), decoupled residual/convective layer (DRCL) and aerosol backscatter coefficient were performed within the Barcelona (Spain) boundary layer from September to October 2010 (30 days) in the framework of the SAPUSS (Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies) field campaign. Two near-infrared ceilometers (Jenoptik CHM15K), vertically and horizontally probing (only vertical profiles are herein discussed), were deployed. Ceilometer-...
El debate arquitectónico en Barcelona en las postrimerías del franquismo
Antonio Pizza
Full Text Available El artículo analiza el debate arquitectónico desarrollado en Barcelona en los últimos años de vigencia del régimen franquista, intentando evidenciar las posiciones defendidas por los diferentes protagonistas y sus relaciones con las cuestiones afrontadas en el panorama internacional. Asimismo, se tiene en cuenta que en este contexto cualquier reivindicación cultural se convertía inevitablemente en contestación de lo existente.
Reinventing the Rose of Fire: Anarchism and the Movements against Corporate Globalization in Barcelona
Jeffrey Juris
Full Text Available Este artículo investiga las intersecciones entre la praxis del anarquismo clásico y el activismo de las organizaciones anti-globalización en Barcelona. Esto se inserta dentro de un debate favorable entre dos claves literarias, poniendo mis argumentos en contraste, todavía últimamente relacionados en diversas direcciones. Primero, en diálogo con la obra de José Álvarez-Junco sobre los "dos anarquismos" en España, me sugirió que los movimientos anti-globalización en Cataluña no sólo reflejan los principios tradicionales del anarquismo, que son claramente comunitarias. En segundo lugar, contribuyo a las recientes discusiones en torno a los vínculos entre anarquismo y movimiento anti-globalización.Palabras clave: anarquismo, movimiento anti-globalización, Barcelona__________________________ABSTRACT:This article explores the intersections between classic anarchist praxis and contemporary anti-corporate globalization activism in Barcelona. It engages in a sympathetic debate with two key literatures, pushing my argument in contrasting, yet ultimately related directions. First, in conversation with José Alvarez-Junco's work on the "two anarchisms" in Spain, I suggest that anti-corporate globalization movements in Catalonia not only reflect traditional anarchist principles, these are distinctly communitarian. Second, I also contribute to recent discussions regarding the links between anarchism and anti-corporate globalization among politically engaged scholars.Keywords: anarchism, anti-globalization movement, Barcelona
Employment descentralisation: polycentric compaction or sprawl? The case of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region 1986-1996
García López, Miquel-Àngel; Muñiz, Iván
The Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR) has been repeatedly characterised as a polycentric-type urban system. The aim of this study is to corroborate this affirmation by making use of a methodology that enables the identifying of employment subcentres and valuing of the degree of polycentrism of the BMR in 1986 and 1996. The results obtained in the two years confirm the existence and extension of the polycentrism.
Spores of allergenic Pleosporales in indoor and outdoor environments of Barcelona, Spain
Alvaro Leon Rúa-Giraldo; Idoia Postigo; Jordina Belmonte Soler
Pleosporales are fungi widely distributed in the environment. They can behave as saprophytic or pathogens for plants and animals. Alternaria is the main allergenic fungus of this order with aerial dispersion of the conidia, is the most recognized taxon within this order and its alt a 1 allergen is highly conserved in the phylogenetically related fungi. With the aim of analyzing the aerobiological behavior of spores of Alternaria and other Pleosporales in Barcelona, Spain, we realized: 1) ...
La cinematograf??a anarquista en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)
Mart??nez Mu??oz, Pau
La tesi doctoral tracta sobre la producci?? cinematogr??fica realitzada pel moviment anarcosindicalista a Barcelona durant la Guerra Civil espanyola (1936-1939). Un corpus total de vuitanta tres t??tols, malgrat a l'actualitat nom??s es conserven quaranta i quatre cintes i no totes complertes.La investigaci?? est?? centrada en la recopilaci?? i catalogaci?? exhaustiva de tota la filmografia existent: reportatges de guerra, documentals de propaganda i pel??l??cules de ficci??. Se ha realitzat ...
Pakistanis in Spain: a study based on the community living in the city of Barcelona
Montserrat Solé Aubia
Full Text Available One of the characteristics of Spain becoming a country of immigration is the greater protagonism that some countries have acquired which had not traditionally been a major source of migration movements towards Spain. Such is the case of Pakistan, whose nationals living in Spain have considerably increased in recent years, mainly in the area of Barcelona. This study seeks to undertake a research line in order to get to know more deeply the reality of this community.
Barcelona Traction at 40: the ICJ as an agent of legal development
Tams, C.; Tzanakopoulos, A.
The article revisits the Barcelona Traction judgment of the International Court of Justice, rendered forty years ago. It evaluates the lasting influence of the Court's pronouncements on the nationality of corporations and on obligations erga omnes, and uses the case to illustrate the Court's role as an influential agent of legal development. In this respect, it identifies a number of factors that can help to explain under which circumstances judicial pronouncements are likely to shape the law.
El jujutsu: un sport japonés en la Barcelona de principios del siglo XX.
Gutiérrez, Carlos; Villamón Herrera, Miguel
Jujutsu, Japanese wrestling, technical predecessor of judo, was introduced in Europe in the period between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th by professional wrestlers, through exhibitions and challenges in theatre stages. The sporting society from Barcelona, at the forefront of progress, welcomed this combat system, admired in Europe and in the United States, which was enveloped with the oriental exoticism and mystery. However, although its great repercussion in Catalo...
Urban aerosol size distributions over the Mediterranean city of Barcelona, NE Spain
Dall'Osto, M.; Beddows, D.C.S.; J. Pey; Rodriguez, S.; A. Alastuey; R. M. Harrison; X. Querol
Differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) aerosol concentrations (N13–800) were collected over a one-year-period (2004) at an urban background site in Barcelona, North-Eastern Spain. Quantitative contributions to particle number concentrations of the nucleation (33–38%), Aitken (39–49%) and accumulation mode (18–22%) were estimated. We examined the source and time variability of atmospheric aerosol particles by using both K-means clus...
Urban aerosol size distributions over the Mediterranean city of Barcelona, NE Spain
Dall'Osto, M.; Beddows, D.C.S.; J. Pey; Rodriguez, S.; A. Alastuey; Harrison, Roy M; X. Querol
Differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) aerosol concentrations (N13-800) were collected over a one-year-period (2004) at an urban background site in Barcelona, North-Eastern Spain. Quantitative contributions to particle number concentrations of the nucleation (33–39%), Aitken (39–49%) and accumulation mode (18–22%) were estimated. We examined the source and time variability of atmospheric aerosol particles by using both K-means clustering and Positive Matrix Factori...
de Barcelona: los cambios de la ciudad en la últimas tres décadas
J. A. Burriel Moreno
Full Text Available Barcelona presenta una importante dinámica en su estructura urbana, con repercusiones en el medio ambiente. Para la gestión y la planificación a escala municipal se precisa saber cómo se estructura la ciudad y cómo cambia en el tiempo. En este trabajo se presenta el Mapa ecológico de Barcelona (MEB, que cuenta con tres ediciones y recoge casi tres décadas (1977- 2004 de cambios en la estructura de la ciudad. En él, se representan las zonas ecológicas que componen el sistema urbano, es decir, distintos tipos de zonas naturales, seminaturales, y urbanizadas. De la tercera edición, cabe destacar su alto nivel de resolución gracias a que las imágenes de base son ortofotos color con un píxel de 0.5 m, y que la leyenda jerárquica presenta, en su máximo detalle, 58 categorías. Los principales resultados de la comparación entre ediciones del MEB muestran el proceso de densificación urbana sufrido por Barcelona a costa de cultivos y solares sin edificar, agotando prácticamente el suelo libre del municipio, pero también la recuperación del bosque, y el importante aumento de zonas verdes.
Safety-evaluation report related to the renewal of the operating license for the research reactor at the Iowa State University (Docket No. 50-116)
This Safety Evaluation Report for the application filed by the Iowa State University (ISU) for a renewal of the Class 104 Operating License R-59 to continue to operate its Argonaut-type research reactor has been prepared by the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The facility is owned and operated by the Iowa State University, and is located on the ISU campus in Ames, Story County, Iowa. The staff concludes that the reactor facility can continue to be operated by ISU without endangering the health and safety of the public. The principal matters reviewed are: design, testing, and performance of the reactor components and systems; the expected consequences of credible accidents; the licensee's management organization; the method used for the control of radiological effluents; the licensee's technical specifications; financial data and information; the physical protection program; procedures for training reactor operators; and emergency plans. 11 references, 15 figures, 13 tables
Status of Research Reactor Utilization in Brazil
Brazil has four research reactors in operation: the IEA-R1, a pool type research reactor of 5 MW; the IPR-R1, a TRIGA Mark I type research reactor of 100 kW; the ARGONAUTA, an Argonaut type research reactor of 500 W; and the IPEN/MB-01 a critical facility of 100 W. Research reactor utilization has more than fifty years in Brazil. The first three reactors, constructed in the late 50's and early 60's at university campus in Sao Paulo, Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro, had their utilization for training, teaching and nuclear research. The IPEN/MB-01, designed and constructed in IPEN in the late 80's, is utilized for the development and qualification of reactor physics calculation for PWR core application. The IEA-R1 has had its application and utilization increased through the years and it is presently used for radioisotope production, neutron beam application, neutrongraphy, neutron activation analysis, and limited fuel and material irradiation tests, besides the regular use for training and teaching. The low power of the reactor and the lack of hot cells for post irradiation analysis limits its technical application for the nuclear fuel industry. Brazil has two nuclear power plants in operation, one unit starting construction and four more units planned for the next two decades. Brazil has significant quantities of uranium ore and has expertise in all the fuel cycle steps, including uranium enrichment, and produces the fuel assemblies for the nuclear power plants. These industrial activities demand the need of material and fuel irradiation tests. IPEN produces radiopharmaceutical kits for the treatment of more than three million patients each year. The majority of the radiopharmaceutical kits is produced from imported radioisotopes. The increasing price and shortage of world supply of 99mTc leads also to the need of increasing the radioisotope production in Brazil. Due to these new demands, the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission is analyzing the costs and benefits
Defuelling of the UTR-300 research reactor
Scott, R.D.; Banford, H.M.; East, B.W. [Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre, Glasgow (United Kingdom)
The UTR-300 reactor at the Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre was based on the original Argonaut design with two aluminium core tanks set in a graphite reflector each containing six fuel elements cooled and moderated by water flowing up through the tanks in a closed primary circuit. The fuel plates in the original 13-plate elements were uranium oxide-aluminium with a 22g loading of 90% {sup 235}U. After 7 years of operation at 100 kW (10 kW average), the maximum power was increased to 300 kW (30 kW average) and, in order to maintain the operational excess reactivity, it was necessary to add another plate to each element progressively over the years until they all contained 14 plates. These extra plates were uranium metal-aluminium with 24.5 g of 90% {sup 235}U. No further modification of the elements was possible and so, with reactivity steadily decreasing, and for a variety of other reasons, a decision was taken to cease operation in September 1995. This paper describes the procedures whereby the fuel was unloaded from the core into a UNIFETCH flask equipped with a specially designed rotating gamma ray shield and then transported on two separate loads to Dounreay for reprocessing. (author)
Defuelling of the UTR-300 research reactor
Scott, R.D.; Banford, H.M.; East, B.W. [Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre, Glasgow (United Kingdom)
The UTR-300 reactor at the Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre was based on the original Argonaut design with two aluminium core tanks set in a graphite reflector each containing six fuel elements cooled and moderated by water flowing up through the tanks in a closed primary circuit. The fuel plates in the original 13-plate elements were uranium oxide-aluminium with a 22g loading of 90% {sup 235}U. After 7 years of operation at 100 kW (10 kW average), the maximum power was increased to 300 kW (30 kW average) and, in order to maintain the operational excess reactivity, it was necessary to add another plate to each element progressively over the years until they all contained 14 plates. These extra plates were uranium metal-aluminium with 24.5 g of 90% {sup 235}U. No further modification of the elements was possible and so, with reactivity steadily decreasing, and for a variety of other reasons, a decision was taken to cease operation in September 1995. This paper describes the procedures whereby the fuel was unloaded from the core into a UNIFETCH flask equipped with a specially designed rotating gamma ray shield and then transported on two separate loads to Dounreay for reprocessing. (author) 2 figs., 2 tabs., refs.
Prokaryotic homologs of Argonaute proteins are predicted to function as key components of a novel system of defense against mobile genetic elements
van der Oost John
Full Text Available Abstract Background In eukaryotes, RNA interference (RNAi is a major mechanism of defense against viruses and transposable elements as well of regulating translation of endogenous mRNAs. The RNAi systems recognize the target RNA molecules via small guide RNAs that are completely or partially complementary to a region of the target. Key components of the RNAi systems are proteins of the Argonaute-PIWI family some of which function as slicers, the nucleases that cleave the target RNA that is base-paired to a guide RNA. Numerous prokaryotes possess the CRISPR-associated system (CASS of defense against phages and plasmids that is, in part, mechanistically analogous but not homologous to eukaryotic RNAi systems. Many prokaryotes also encode homologs of Argonaute-PIWI proteins but their functions remain unknown. Results We present a detailed analysis of Argonaute-PIWI protein sequences and the genomic neighborhoods of the respective genes in prokaryotes. Whereas eukaryotic Ago/PIWI proteins always contain PAZ (oligonucleotide binding and PIWI (active or inactivated nuclease domains, the prokaryotic Argonaute homologs (pAgos fall into two major groups in which the PAZ domain is either present or absent. The monophyly of each group is supported by a phylogenetic analysis of the conserved PIWI-domains. Almost all pAgos that lack a PAZ domain appear to be inactivated, and the respective genes are associated with a variety of predicted nucleases in putative operons. An additional, uncharacterized domain that is fused to various nucleases appears to be a unique signature of operons encoding the short (lacking PAZ pAgo form. By contrast, almost all PAZ-domain containing pAgos are predicted to be active nucleases. Some proteins of this group (e.g., that from Aquifex aeolicus have been experimentally shown to possess nuclease activity, and are not typically associated with genes for other (putative nucleases. Given these observations, the apparent extensive
RMB. The new Brazilian multipurpose research reactor
Brazil has four research reactors (RR) in operation: IEA-R1, a 5 MW pool type RR; IPR-R1, a 100 kW TRIGA type RR; ARGONAUTA, a 500 W Argonaut type RR, and IPEN/MB-01, a 100 W critical facility. The first three were constructed in the 50's and 60's, for teaching, training, and nuclear research, and for many years they were the basic infrastructure for the Brazilian nuclear developing program. The last, IPEN/MB-01, is the result of a national project developed specifically for qualification of reactor physics codes. Considering the relative low power of Brazilian research reactors, with exception of IEAR1, none of the other reactors are feasible for radioisotope production, and even IEA-R1 has a limited capacity. As a consequence, since long ago, 100% of the Mo-99 needed to attend Brazilian nuclear medicine services has been imported. Because of the high dependence on external supply, the international Moly-99 supply crisis that occurred in 2008/2009 affected significantly Brazilian nuclear medicine services, and as presented in previous IAEA events, in 2010 Brazilian government formalized the decision to build a new research reactor. The new reactor named RMB (Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor) will be a 30 MW open pool type reactor, using low enriched uranium fuel. The facility will be part of a new nuclear research centre, to be built about 100 kilometres from Sao Paulo city, in the southern part of Brazil. The new nuclear research centre will have several facilities, to use thermal and cold neutron beams; to produce radioisotopes; to perform neutron activation analysis; and to perform irradiations tests of materials and fuels of interest for the Brazilian nuclear program. An additional facility will be used to store, for at least 100 years, all the fuel used in the reactor. The paper describes the main characteristics of the new centre, emphasising the research reactor and giving a brief description of the laboratories that will be constructed, It also presents the
RMB. The new Brazilian multipurpose research reactor
Perrotta, Jose Augusto; Soares, Adalberto Jose [Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) (Brazil)
Brazil has four research reactors (RR) in operation: IEA-R1, a 5 MW pool type RR; IPR-R1, a 100 kW TRIGA type RR; ARGONAUTA, a 500 W Argonaut type RR, and IPEN/MB-01, a 100 W critical facility. The first three were constructed in the 50's and 60's, for teaching, training, and nuclear research, and for many years they were the basic infrastructure for the Brazilian nuclear developing program. The last, IPEN/MB-01, is the result of a national project developed specifically for qualification of reactor physics codes. Considering the relative low power of Brazilian research reactors, with exception of IEAR1, none of the other reactors are feasible for radioisotope production, and even IEA-R1 has a limited capacity. As a consequence, since long ago, 100% of the Mo-99 needed to attend Brazilian nuclear medicine services has been imported. Because of the high dependence on external supply, the international Moly-99 supply crisis that occurred in 2008/2009 affected significantly Brazilian nuclear medicine services, and as presented in previous IAEA events, in 2010 Brazilian government formalized the decision to build a new research reactor. The new reactor named RMB (Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor) will be a 30 MW open pool type reactor, using low enriched uranium fuel. The facility will be part of a new nuclear research centre, to be built about 100 kilometres from Sao Paulo city, in the southern part of Brazil. The new nuclear research centre will have several facilities, to use thermal and cold neutron beams; to produce radioisotopes; to perform neutron activation analysis; and to perform irradiations tests of materials and fuels of interest for the Brazilian nuclear program. An additional facility will be used to store, for at least 100 years, all the fuel used in the reactor. The paper describes the main characteristics of the new centre, emphasising the research reactor and giving a brief description of the laboratories that will be constructed, It also
Acidentes de trabalho em Barcelona (Espanha, no período de 1992-1993 Work accidents in Barcelona (Spain, from 1992 to 1993
Rosana F. Sampaio
Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: As estatísticas dos acidentes de trabalho, como qualquer outro sistema de notificação, devem servir de base para determinar prioridades e decidir quais medidas preventivas devem ser adotadas. Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo é aprofundar a análise dos acidentes de trabalho através da utilização de técnicas estatísticas descritivas que permitam estabelecer a relação entre o número de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em Barcelona (Espanha e as variáveis tipo de acidente, setor econômico, tamanho da empresa e tipo de contrato. MÉTODO: Como fonte de dados foi utilizado o sistema de notificação de acidentes graves e mortais ocorridos na cidade de Barcelona (Espanha, entre 1992 e 1993. Foram examinados 848 registros de acidentes de trabalho em trabalhadores do sexo masculino e a partir desses dados efetuou-se uma análise mediante modelos log-lineares. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados evidenciam que os acidentes traumáticos e o setor de construção têm uma associação positiva, verificada, da mesma forma, entre os acidentes de trânsito e o setor de serviços. Os acidentes traumáticos e de trânsito apresentaram uma associação com as pequenas empresas e os acidentes não traumáticos demonstraram associar-se com as grandes empresas. Verificou-se, ainda, associação entre os trabalhadores temporais e o setor da construção frente aos trabalhadores com contrato fixo, em que se constatou uma associação com os setores de indústria e de serviços. Foi verificada associação positiva entre os acidentes ocorridos com os trabalhadores temporais e as pequenas e médias empresas.INTRODUCTION: The statistics related to labor accidents as with any other notification system ought to be the basis for programs and policies with a view to the adoption of preventive measures. In order to establish preventive norms, however, the health system needs data from researchers focussing on the dynamics of and the pitfalls
Factores relacionados con el acoso escolar (bullying en los adolescentes de Barcelona Factors related to bullying in adolescents in Barcelona (Spain
Xavier Garcia Continente
Full Text Available Objetivos: La violencia y el acoso escolar constituyen un problema social y de salud que ha generado una gran alarma en los últimos años. En este estudio se describe el acoso escolar y los factores relacionados en estudiantes de Barcelona. Métodos: Estudio transversal de una muestra representativa de 2.727 estudiantes de 66 centros escolares de secundaria de Barcelona. Se definió «acoso escolar» como haber sido objeto de burla, golpeado o marginado cuatro o más veces, o al menos una vez en cada uno de los ítems, en los últimos 12 meses. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística bivariado y multivariado para estudiar la relación entre el acoso y diversos factores, incluyendo variables sociodemográficas, actitudes y comportamientos. Resultados: La prevalencia de acoso escolar fue del 18,2%, 10,9% y 4,3% en chicos, y del 14,4%, 8,5% y 4,5% en chicas de 2º y 4º de educación secundaria obligatoria y 2º de bachillerato o ciclos formativos de grado medio, respectivamente. Los factores que se asociaron con un incremento de la probabilidad de padecer acoso fueron el estado de ánimo negativo y la conducta violenta, mientras que tener mayor edad, el consumo de riesgo de alcohol, el consumo de cannabis e ir a bares y discotecas se asociaron negativamente. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirman la relevancia del problema del acoso escolar en nuestro medio, y señalan diversos factores asociados, como el estado de ánimo negativo y varios comportamientos de riesgo, que deberían ser analizados con detalle en estudios longitudinales para diseñar e implementar programas preventivos apropiados.Objectives: Violence and bullying in the school setting are a serious social and health problem that have created great alarm in the last few years. We aimed to describe bullying and factors related to this phenomenon in students in the city of Barcelona. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 2,727 students
Innovar en la gestión de servicios de salud pública: la experiencia de la Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona Innovating the service management of public health: the experience of the Barcelona Public Health Agency (Spain)
Joan Guix; Joan Ramon Villalbí; Ricard Armengol; Xavier Llebaria; Rafael Manzanera; Antoni Plasència
Se describe la evolución de la prestación de servicios de salud pública en la ciudad de Barcelona hasta la creación de la Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. La Agencia es un ente consorcial del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona y la Generalitat de Catalunya, como único gestor de las competencias locales y autonómicas en salud pública para la ciudad. Se analiza la lógica de su construcción, su definición de misión, visión y valores, estrategia y catálogo de servicios, así como el rol de la direcci...
Capitalidad autonómica y proceso de terciarización: el caso de Barcelona
Alberich González, Joan
Full Text Available Barcelona has been since many years ago the functional centre of a vast territory, beyond the strict scope of Catalonia. From this fact, the aim of the study is to determine whether the regional capital of Barcelona and the general process of tertiarisation, two phenomena almost contemporary, have reinforced its centrality and if they have done with greater intensity than in other cities from the Catalan urban system. In agreement with this, we have divided this work into two sections. The first one analyzes the evolution of jobs of Barcelona and the Catalan cities of over 50,000 inhabitants from the late 1980s and the first decade of the 21st century and their distribution by activity branches. The second part, as an example of this tertiarisation process, we analyze the functional change and valorisation of a Barcelona's old obsolete industrial area for its renewal into an advanced tertiary sector use, known as district 22@.Barcelona es desde hace muchos años el centro funcional de un extenso territorio, que va más allá del ámbito estricto de Cataluña. A partir de esta realidad, el objetivo del trabajo es conocer si la capitalidad autonómica de Barcelona y el proceso general de terciarización, dos fenómenos casi contemporáneos, han reforzado su centralidad y si lo han hecho con mayor intensidad que en otras ciudades del sistema urbano catalán. De acuerdo con este planteamiento, hemos dividido este trabajo en dos apartados. El primero analiza la evolución de los puestos de trabajo y su distribución por ramas de actividad de Barcelona y las ciudades catalanas de más de 50.000 habitantes entre finales de la década de 1980 y la primera década del siglo XXI . La segunda parte, como un ejemplo de este proceso de terciarización, analiza el cambio funcional y la puesta en valor de un antiguo espacio industrial barcelonés en desuso, para su reconversión en uso del terciario avanzado, el llamado distrito 22@. [fr] Barcelone a �
Patrimonios incómodos para la imagen que Barcelona ofrece al mundo
Reventós Gil de Biedma, Ana
Barcelona is today a city of reference within the world's tourist map. Created as a process of both an economic evolution towards the third sector as well as a powerful brand image, from the Olympics up to nowadays. Within this scene, Culture and Arts have been pushed at the center of the strategy, building a "cultural spectacle" aimed to differentiate the city's offer in the market. Furthermore, some specific icons oriented to give it a Catalan, Cosmopolitan and Modern identity are promoted,...
Child exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants in schools in Barcelona, Spain.
Rivas, I; Viana, M; Moreno, T; Pandolfi, M; Amato, F; Reche, C; Bouso, L; Àlvarez-Pedrerol, M; Alastuey, A; Sunyer, J; Querol, X
Proximity to road traffic involves higher health risks because of atmospheric pollutants. In addition to outdoor air, indoor air quality contributes to overall exposure. In the framework of the BREATHE study, indoor and outdoor air pollution was assessed in 39 schools in Barcelona. The study quantifies indoor and outdoor air quality during school hours of the BREATHE schools. High levels of fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), equivalent black carbon (EBC), ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentration and road traffic related trace metals were detected in school playgrounds and indoor environments. PM2.5 almost doubled (factor of 1.7) the usual urban background (UB) levels reported for Barcelona owing to high school-sourced PM2.5 contributions: [1] an indoor-generated source characterised mainly by organic carbon (OC) from organic textile fibres, cooking and other organic emissions, and by calcium and strontium (chalk dust) and; [2] mineral elements from sand-filled playgrounds, detected both indoors and outdoors. The levels of mineral elements are unusually high in PM2.5 because of the breakdown of mineral particles during playground activities. Moreover, anthropogenic PM components (such as OC and arsenic) are dry/wet deposited in this mineral matter. Therefore, PM2.5 cannot be considered a good tracer of traffic emissions in schools despite being influenced by them. On the other hand, outdoor NO2, EBC, UFP, and antimony appear to be good indicators of traffic emissions. The concentrations of NO2 are 1.2 times higher at schools than UB, suggesting the proximity of some schools to road traffic. Indoor levels of these traffic-sourced pollutants are very similar to those detected outdoors, indicating easy penetration of atmospheric pollutants. Spatial variation shows higher levels of EBC, NO2, UFP and, partially, PM2.5 in schools in the centre than in the outskirts of Barcelona, highlighting the influence of traffic emissions. Mean child exposure to
An evaluation of monk parakeet damage to crops in the metropolitan area of Barcelona
Senar, J. C.; Domènech, J.; L. Arroyo; Torre, I.; Gordo, O.
We evaluated damage to commercial crops caused by the monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus, in the Baix Llobregat agricultural area (1,024 ha) bordering the city of Barcelona, Spain. Average crop loss was 0.4% for tomatoes, 28% for corn, 9% for red plums, 36% for round plums, 37% for pears, 17% for persimmons, and 7% for quinces. Our data show that the potential damage to crops by monk parakeets in this invaded area is now a reality. As a wait–and–see approach is likely to be a more costly stra...
Implementació d'un tauler de dades web de la Ciutat de Barcelona
Dolz Fernández, Jose Luis
En aquesta memòria es descriu la implementació d'un tauler de dades com una aplicació web amb informació sobre la ciutat de Barcelona. L'objectiu és aconseguir una eina amb una interfície gràfica agradable, senzilla i intuïtiva que pugui fer servir un ventall ampli d'usuaris. Per portar a terme aquest projecte s'ha fet servir el repositori obert de dades que l'ajuntament de la ciutat. Per tant, s'ha estudiat el format de les dades, els seus atributs i les seves relacions abans de seleccionar ...
Población femenina de nacionalidad extranjera en la provincia de Barcelona, 1996
Domingo i Valls, Andreu; Brancós Coll, Inés
Los datos que nos aporta la Estadística de Población anexa al Padrón de 1996 nos han permitido realizar una primera aproximación al perfil de la población femenina de nacionalidad extranjera residente en la provincia de Barcelona. Cuando nos referimos a este colectivo, parece que exista un estereotipo donde se refleja la imagen de una mujer dominicana o filipina. Las estadísticas, sin embargo, no se corresponden con nuestro prejuicio, ya que nos confirman que la nacionalidad con un mayor núme...
L'Orquestra de Cambra d'Acordions de Barcelona (OCAB): Estudio histórico
Tapia Paredes, Susana
[spa] La intención de este trabajo de investigación es estudiar la trayectoria de la Orquestra de Cambra d'Acordions de Barcelona (OCAB). Se trata de una investigación descriptiva de la realidad, y por tanto trabaja sin hipótesis que verificar o rechazar, siendo, la recopilación, clasificación y análisis de la información obtenida quien nos llevará a descubrir, reconstruir y describir la trayectoria de la OCAB. Es una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, pura, descriptiva e histórica; por lo...
Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona: Clostridium baratii and Clostridium botulinum.
Lafuente, S; Nolla, J; Valdezate, S; Tortajada, C; Vargas-Leguas, H; Parron, I; Sáez-Nieto, J A; Portaña, S; Carrasco, G; Moguel, E; Sabate, S; Argelich, R; Caylà, J A
Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disorder that can be potentially life-threatening. In Barcelona, Spain, no outbreaks had been reported in the past 25 years. However, in September 2011, two outbreaks occurred involving two different families. A rare case of Clostridium baratii which produced a neurotoxin F outbreak was detected in five family members who had shared lunch, and several days before that another family was affected by C. botulinum toxin A which was probably present in homemade pâté. PMID:23158693
Jóvenes Latinos en Barcelona. Un relato desde el espacio escolar.
Palou Diez, Montse
La investigación Espacio público y nuevas formas de sociabilidad. Jóvenes de origen latinoamericano en Barcelona (2005), dirigida por el antropólogo Carles Feixa realizada con el acompañamiento de un equipo de trabajo multidisciplinar, en el cual participe supuso un ejercicio de antropología implicada en la línea abierta por el Dr. Oriol Romaní, será el fundamento de esta reflexión desde el ámbito educativo. Apartir de ella nos adentraremos en una lectura posible de los procesos migratorios d...
Las limitaciones del «modelo Barcelona». Una lectura desde Urban Regime Analysis
Casellas, Antònia
El artículo explora el modelo de desarrollo urbano en Barcelona, utilizando Urban Regime Analysis como herramienta analítica. Se presentan las principales características de gobernabilidad de la ciudad y su evolución desde principios de la década de 1980 hasta el año 2006. Se analiza la dinámica de la transformación de la ciudad estudiando con detalle el proceso de consolidación de la colaboración entre los sectores público y privado iniciada en el contexto de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992. Se...
Bailando la diferencia : identidades culturales y música salsa en Barcelona
Llano Camacho, Isabel
En el baile de la salsa hay muchos estilos. En Barcelona, el estilo cubano fue el primero en difundirse a inicios de 1990. Sin embargo, el estilo Los Ángeles comenzó a proliferar desde comienzos de 2000, a la vez que empezó a replicarse el modelo de los congresos de salsa a nivel mundial. La internacionalización del baile de la salsa coincidió con el boom de la inmigración latinoamericana en España, por lo que la emergencia de las primeras escuelas y compañías de baile de salsa dirigidas al p...
Entrepreneurship and business survival in times of crisis: the case of Barcelona
Marian Buil Fabregá; Alfredo Rocafort Nicolau
Objeto: El trabajo que se presenta en este artículo es la primera parte de un estudio sobre las estrategias llevadas a cabo por las empresas en épocas de crisis. Este primer artículo analiza las características financieras de las empresas creadas en Barcelona en los inicios de la crisis y que han sobrevivido durante la misma. Este estudio pretende contrastar las características financieras de las empresas analizadas con las medidas llevadas a cabo para mantener su rentabilidad ...
Urbanització i planejament urbanístic: Barcelona, 1917-1936
Llobet i Llobet, Jaume
El núcleo fundamental del trabajo es el análisis conjunto de las transformaciones en las formas de construcción urbana y el planeamiento urbanístico en un periodo histórico, significativo en tanto que relaciona la ciudad y la urbanística de principios de siglo XX con el arranque de la disciplina y la Barcelona modernas. El estudio de la urbanización -centrado en el ensanche y el extrarradio, como los espacios donde se reflejan mejor las características y tensiones en el crecimiento urbano de...
Atraque discontinuo Nº2 en la explanada de inflamables del puerto de Barcelona
Peñín Martínez, David
A lo largo de la historia, el Puerto de Barcelona ha seguido el mismo modelo en el crecimiento de sus infraestructuras, consistente en un incremento de la superficie portuaria mediante la formación de terminales portuarias en zonas de aguas abrigadas siendo éstas generadas mediante el desarrollo de grandes diques a lo largo de la costa. Las obras del presente proyecto tienen como fin la creación de la infraestructura necesaria para poder ubicar un nuevo atraque para buques que transporten...
Paul Ludwing Landsberg, a Knight Errant of the Spirit in Barcelona
Escribano, Xavier
Paul Ludwig Landsberg (Bonn, 1901-Oranienburg, 1944) was a prominent student of the German philosopher Max Scheler. Born into a Jewish family, Landsberg was a professor at the University of Bonn until 1933, when he left his country at the time of Hitlers rise to power. In spring 1934, Joaquim Xirau, dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Barcelona, invited him to give lectures and teach classes in the Seminar on Education. During the academic years 1934-35 and 193...
A doble página: prensa y arquitectura en la Barcelona Olímpica
Vásquez Vargas, Klever Francisco
Luego de seleccionar y clasificar artículos de la prensa relacionados con la arquitectura de Barcelona en el periodo previo a las olimpiadas del '92, se formaron cuatro grupos temáticos de condición doble, son parejas que comparten características que las vuelven complementarias o contrarias: Bofill y Bohigas. Capítulo que trata sobre dos de los personajes más activos de aquel periodo. Se revelan aspectos que confirman la relación oscilante entre la crítica meditada y opinión enardecida qu...
Implementación sistema A-SMGCS en el aeropuerto de Barcelona
González Gómez, Albert
An airport goes beyond that a simple traffic of passengers. An airport means the economic engine of one community, a city or the country that it is located, so that the engineers always have to be aware of the latest available technologies to keep them at the forefront. In order that the Barcelona's Airport can continue to race with other major airports as "Heathrow Airport" or "Dubai Airport", not is enough to build new terminals, but they should also be provide them with the latest technolo...
PCB residues in the adipose tissue of the population of Barcelona (Spain)
Gomez-Catalan, J.; Sabroso, M.; To-Figueras, J.; Planas, J.; Corbella, J. (Univ. of Barcelona (Spain))
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of aryl halides widely distributed in the environment. Although production has virtually ceased, and most industrial applications (capacitors, transformers, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, etc) are severely restricted, they are one of the most ubiquitous and persistent environmental pollutants. Several toxic effects caused by PCBs have been described including: liver enlargement, hepatomegalocytosis, acne, lymphoid atrophy, immunosuppression, tumor promotion, porphyria. This work continues the authors' previous reports about organochlorine residues in human tissues of some Spanish populations, that showed high levels of some residues, specially of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). PCBs pattern and concentration in the adipose tissue of the inhabitants of an urban and industrial area (Barcelona) were determined.
Activity size distributions for long-lived radon decay products in aerosols collected in Barcelona (Spain)
The activity median aerodynamic diameters (AMADs) of long-lived radon decay product (210Pb, 210Po) in aerosols collected in the Barcelona area (Northeast Spain) during the period from April 2006 to February 2008 are presented. The 210Po mean AMAD was 420 nm, while the 210Pb mean AMAD was 500 nm. The temporal evolution of 210Pb and 210Po AMADs shows maxima in autumn and winter and minima in spring and summer. 210Pb AMAD are being used to estimate the mean-residence time of atmospheric aerosols.
Turisme i arquitectura en la Barcelona d'inicis del segle XX
Rosselló i Nicolau, Maribel; Valdivia Pardo, Pamela
La comunicació que proposem estudia els diversos equipaments hotelers que es van posar en marxa en el període comprès entre les dues exposicions universals/internacionals (1888 i 1929). A inicis del segle XX, el turisme va jugar un paper fonamental com a motor de modernització de la ciutat de Barcelona, va ser un dels mecanismes per a fer de la ciutat una metròpoli i fou un argument –entre d'altres– per a revalorar el patrimoni arquitectònic de la ciutat, per endegar algunes trans...
La cinematografía anarquista en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)
Martínez Muñoz, Pau
La tesi doctoral tracta sobre la producció cinematogràfica realitzada pel moviment anarcosindicalista a Barcelona durant la Guerra Civil espanyola (1936-1939). Un corpus total de vuitanta tres títols, malgrat a l'actualitat només es conserven quaranta i quatre cintes i no totes complertes.La investigació està centrada en la recopilació i catalogació exhaustiva de tota la filmografia existent: reportatges de guerra, documentals de propaganda i pel·lícules de ficció. Se ha realitzat l'anàlisi d...
Food and Migration: the Abacería Central Market of Gràcia (Barcelona)
Medina, F. Xavier; Provansal, Danielle; Montero, Cecilia
Local food markets are, aside from being places for provisioning, spaces for meeting and social interaction. This article engages in an analysis of the social and commercial relations exhibited in the geographical area of the Abacería Central Market, in the neighborhood of Gràcia (Barcelona): a neighborhood that, over the last two decades, has seen a significant rise in the number of residents arriving from other countries (primarily Latin America, Africa and Eastern Europe). The Abacería Cen...
Estrategia de expansión de la marca myhair Barcelona en Madrid
Tordera Rodríguez, Silvia
El presente documento corresponde a la memoria de un proyecto final de carrera realizado en la empresa Sangrá Hair International perteneciente al sector de la distribución de productos de peluquería, concretamente extensiones de cabello, pelucas y postizos. Sangrá tiene 2 líneas de negocio: la distribución de sus productos a nivel nacional e internacional (B2B), y la segunda objeto de este proyecto es bajo la marca myhair Barcelona y se dedica a franquiciar su negocio a través de franqu...
La Unidad de Terapia de Conducta de la Universidad de Barcelona
Saldaña García, Carmina; Bados López, Arturo; García-Grau, Eugeni; Balaguer, Gemma; Fusté-Escolano, Adela
El trabajo presenta la Unidad de Terapia de Conducta (UTC) de la Universidad de Barcelona. La UTC nació en 1985 con la voluntad de formar a los psicólogos recién licenciados en la práctica profesional desde el modelo cognitivoconductual y crear un Servicio Clínico en la Facultad de Psicología que permitiera una mejora de la calidad de las actividades docentes e investigadoras a través de la asistencia psicológica a personas de dentro y fuera de la UB que así lo solicitaran. En el trabajo se d...
La satisfacción de los clientes de los centros deportivos municipales de Barcelona
Amal Elasri Ejjaberi; Triadó Ivern, Xavier M.; Pilar Aparicio Chueca
El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y analizar las variables que más influyen en la satisfacción del cliente en los centros deportivos de Barcelona. Los datos fueron recogidos en una encuesta entre los clientes actuales de centros deportivos municipales. Un análisis factorial aplicado a esta información revela cinco dimensiones que subyacen a los múltiples componentes de la oferta de servicios en dichas instalaciones: su calidad, los recursos humanos, la comunicación, el entorno social...
Análisis de la comunicación intercultural sobre la inmigración china en Barcelona
Huang, Xueting
Análisis la comunicación intercultural de la migración china en Barcelona, construyendo un soporte teórico entre la migración y la comunicación. Se investigan las características de comunicación a través de las teorías. En el trabajo se presentarán principalmente cuatros aspectos para investigar el fenómeno social de que los chinos que emigran a Barcelona. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo un análisis de la asimetría y el cambio sobre el intercambio cultural entre China y Barcelona. En segundo...
Federal Laboratory Consortium — The last of Hanfordqaodmasdkwaspemas7ajkqlsmdqpakldnzsdflss nine plutonium production reactors to be built was the N Reactor.This reactor was called a dual purpose...
Análisis de la prestación de servicios a inmigrantes en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona
Cervantes-Martínez, Luisa
Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to analyze the quality of library service provision to immigrants in the Bibliotecas de Barcelona network using as a reference IFLA's Multicultural Communities: Guidelines for Library Services. By adopting these guidelines, public libraries can become environments capable of facilitating social cohesion, knowledge and cultural exchange, as well as interaction between users from different cultures. To carry out this study, several information sources were reviewed and two library managers from the Barcelona Library Consortium were interviewed. The results show a high level of compliance with the Guidelines by the Bibliotecas de Barcelona network. The possible implications of these results are discussed in relation to the role of public libraries as spaces of interaction and cultural exchange.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la calidad de la prestación de servicios bibliotecarios a inmigrantes en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona utilizando como referencia el documento Comunidades Multiculturales: Directrices para el Servicio Bibliotecario, elaborado por la International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA. La adopción de estas Directrices convierte a las bibliotecas públicas en entornos que pueden facilitar la cohesión social, el conocimiento e intercambio cultural y la interacción entre usuarios de distintas culturas. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se han revisado distintas fuentes de información y se ha entrevistado a dos responsables del Consorcio de Bibliotecas de Barcelona. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la existencia de un alto nivel de cumplimiento de las Directrices en la red Bibliotecas de Barcelona. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones de estos resultados en relación con el papel de las bibliotecas públicas como espacios de interacción e intercambio cultural.
Els usos lingüístics dels nens japonesos i nipocatalans/nipocastellans escolaritzats a Catalunya. El cas dels alumnes del Col·legi Japonès de Barcelona i de l'Escola Complementària de Llengua Japonesa de Barcelona
Fukuda, Makiko
The paper presents patterns of language use of the schoolchildren who attend one of the two japanese educational establishments in Barcelona: the Japanese School of Barcelona and the Supplementary Japanese School of Barcelona. Based on the data from a small-scale pilot study, patterns of language use of the children in the communication with their parents, their siblings, and their friends are analyzed. Their language preference in the communication media are also presented. The language use ...
The challenge of improving urban air quality: effects of hybrid cars, introduction in Barcelona and Madrid (Spain)
Gonçalves Ageitos, María; Jiménez Guerrero, Pedro; Baldasano Recio, José María
WRF-ARW/HERMES/CMAQ modelling system is applied with high resolution (1 km2, 1 h) to assess changes in Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) air quality due to hybrid cars introduction. The substitution of the oldest cars by hybrids is effective to reduce NO2 and PM2.5 levels in the conurbations (up to 35%/12% in Madrid downtown, when 30% of cars are changed). In VOC-limited areas, as Barcelona, the NOx emissions abatement locally increases tropospheric ozone concentration. Downwind,...
Los planes de seguimiento en los parques naturales gestionados por la Diputación de Barcelona
Bombí Arnau, Antoni; Castell Puig, Carles; Guinart Sureda, Daniel; Llacuna Claramunt, Santiago; Miño Salinas, Àngel
El Área de Espacios Naturales de la Diputación de Barcelona gestiona una docena de este tipo de espacios ubicados en el entorno de la región metropolitana de Barcelona, con una superficie protegida de más de cien mil hectáreas. Es necesario un exhaustivo conocimiento de los principales componentes de los sistemas naturales, así como de los procesos y dinámicas que están siguiendo, para poder evaluar adecuadamente la planificación y la gestión de acuerdo con los objetivos de conservac...
El Barrio Gótico de Barcelona. Planificación del pasado e imagen de marca
Cócola Gant, Agustin
El Barrio Gótico de Barcelona fue construido en las décadas centrales del siglo XX. De hecho, su nombre también es una creación moderna, ya que tradicionalmente el espacio era conocido como barrio de la Catedral. Aunque en teoría los monumentos históricos nos remiten a épocas pasadas, en muchos casos han sido fabricados recientemente, tanto en su forma como en su función social. La medievalización del centro histórico de Barcelona transformó físicamente el barrio institucional de la ciudad, d...
Operational experience of decommissioning techniques for research reactors in the United Kingdom
In previous co-ordinated research projects (CRP) conducted by the IAEA no distinction was made between decommissioning activities carried out at nuclear power plants, research reactors or nuclear fuel cycle facilities. As experience was gained and technology advanced it became clear that decommissioning of research reactors had certain specific characteristics which needed a dedicated approach. It was within this context that a CRP on Decommissioning Techniques for Research Reactors was launched and conducted by the IAEA from 1997 to 2001. This paper considers the experience gained from the decommissioning of two research reactors during the course of the CRP namely: (a) the ICI Triga Mk I reactor at Billingham UK which was largely complete by the end of the research project and (b) the Argonaut 100 reactor at the Scottish Universities Research and Reactor centre at East Kilbride in Scotland which is currently is the early stages of dismantling/site operations. It is the intention of this paper with reference to the two case studies outlined above to compare the actual implementation of these works against the original proposals and identify areas that were found to be problematical and/or identify any lessons learnt. (author)
Quantification of thermal bioclimate for the management of urban design in Mediterranean climate of Barcelona, Spain
Rodríguez Algeciras, José Abel; Matzarakis, Andreas
In order to contribute to the sustainability of the outdoor environment, knowledge about the urban thermal bioclimate should be transferred into climatic guidelines for planning. The general framework of this study responds to the need of analyzing thermal bioclimate in Mediterranean climate regions and its influence as an urban design factor. The paper analyzes the background of the urban climate and thermal bioclimate conditions in Barcelona (Spain), through the effect of shade conditions and wind speed variations. Simulations of shade and wind speed variations were performed to evaluate changes in thermal bioclimate due to modifications in urban morphology. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation for the period from January, 2001 to January, 2015 were used to calculate physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) using the RayMan model. The results demonstrate that shade is the most important strategy to improve urban microclimatic conditions. In Barcelona, human thermal comfort conditions can be improved by shade and wind speed increase in terms of PET above 23 °C and by a wind speed decrease for thresholds of PET below 18 °C. Heat stress situations can be mitigated by shade and wind speed increase in conditions above 35 and 45 °C, respectively. The results of the study are an important contribution for urban planners, due to their possibilities and potential for the description of microclimatic conditions in Mediterranean climate regions. The knowledge is useful for improved human thermal comfort conditions, from the suitable configuration of urban form and architecture.
Service-Learning in Physical Education Teacher Training. Physical Education in the Modelo Prison, Barcelona
Teresa Lleixà
Full Text Available In the Psychiatric Unit of the Modelo Prison, Barcelona, a physical education programme is carried out annually with the participation of University of Barcelona (UB students. In this context, we carried out a study based on service-learning parameters. The aim of the study was twofold: to determine the impact on inmates of the physical education programme that was undertaken with university students; and to assess what university students' learnt in the prison-based socio-educational intervention programme. This paper describes the context of the research and the methodological basis of service learning. The qualitative tools to gather the information were: two focus group; a semi-structured interview with a representative of the unit's guards; and the students' field dairy. We present results that demonstrate the impact of the physical, sports activity on the socialisation of inmates, in terms of aspects such as communication and personal skills. The results also show the effect of the programme on the university students' learning processes, particularly with regard to the contextualisation of learning.
Modeling of photochemical air pollution in the Barcelona area with highly disaggregated anthropogenic and biogenic emissions
The city of Barcelona and its surrounding area, located in the western Mediterranean basin, can reach high levels of O3 in spring and summertime. To study the origin of this photochemical pollution, a numerical modeling approach was adopted and the episode that took place between 3 and 5 August 1990 was chosen. The main meteorological mesoscale flows were reproduced with the meteorological non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MEMO for 5 August 1990, when weak pressure synoptic conditions took place. The emissions inventory was calculated with the EIM-LEM model, giving highly disaggregated anthropogenic and biogenic emissions in the zone studied, an 80 x 80 km2 area around the city of Barcelona. Major sources of VOC were road traffic (51%) and vegetation (34%), while NOx were mostly emitted by road traffic (88%). However, emissions from some industrial stacks can be locally important and higher than those from road traffic. Photochemical simulation with the MARS model revealed that the combination of mesoscale wind flows and the above-mentioned local emissions is crucial in the production and transport of O3 in the area. On the other hand, the geostrophic wind also played an important role in advecting the air masses away from the places O3 had been generated. The model simulations were also evaluated by comparing meteorological measurements from nine surface stations and concentration measurements from five surface stations, and the results proved to be fairly satisfactory. (author)
Richard Lindau y el museo de arte japonés de Barcelona
Bru Turull, Ricard
Full Text Available Richard Lindau resided as a diplomat in Japan between 1866 and 1868, where he acquired in Edo (Tokyo an extensive and exceptional collection of Japanese art. After being named German consul in Barcelona (1876, Lindau offered his collection to the public by opening his residence in the centre of the city as a Japanese Museum. This paper aims to recover the history of this forgotten collection, which constituted one of the first private museums of Japanese art in Southern Europe.
Richard Lindau residió como diplomático en Japón entre 1866 y 1868, durante los años de transición entre el shogunato Tokugawa y el nuevo sistema imperial Meiji. Lindau estuvo en el archipiélago nipón en el momento oportuno para adquirir una excepcional colección de arte japonés. Trasladado a Barcelona en 1876 como cónsul de Alemania, Lindau ofreció la colección al público abriendo su residencia y anunciándola como Museo Japonés. Este artículo recupera la historia de la colección olvidada de uno de los primeros museos privados de arte japonés del sur de Europa.
Sowing Resilience and Contestation in Times of Crises: The Case of Urban Gardening Movements in Barcelona
Marta Camps-Calvet
Full Text Available Urban gardens have been observed to multiply in response to crises. However, the meaning and motivations behind the emergence of gardening movements varies greatly over space and time. In this paper we argue that bottom up urban gardening initiatives taking place in Southern European countries in form of land occupation and communalization represent forms of resistance that enhance social cohesion and collective action in times of need. Specifically, this research examines the role of urban gardens in (i building community resilience and (ii articulating forms of resistance and contestation to development pressure and commodified urban lifestyles. Our research is based on data collected among 27 urban gardening initiatives in Barcelona, Spain, including 13 self-governed community gardens and 14 public gardens. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with gardeners and with staff from the Barcelona City Council. Our results show mechanisms through which urban gardens can contribute to build resilience by nurturing social and ecological diversity, generating and transmitting local ecological knowledge, and by creating opportunities for collective action and self-organization. We further examine collectively managed gardens as urban commons that emerge as a form of resistance to the privatization of public urban space, and that offer opportunities to experiment with new models of urban lifestyles. We show how gardening initiatives can be seen to represent an emerging form of urban green commons that provides a suitable ground to 'sow' resilience and contestation in times of crises and socio-ecological deterioration.
Cerdà and Barcelona: The need for a new city and service provision
Montserrat Pallares Barbera
Full Text Available This paper examines Ildefons Cerdà's 1860 Plan for the Urban Expansion of Barcelona; specifically, how and why it was conceived in a unique way, in which the provision of services to the population was an important part. Cerdà based his expansion proposal on an in depth socio statistical study of old Barcelona's population conditions. The high mortality rates of the working class population and poor health and education conditions pushed Cerdà to design a new type of urban planning, which he defined as "urbanism". In his proposal for the new city, he planned the location of services such as marketplaces, schools and hospitals. The first part of this paper introduces the urban and political preconditions of Barcelona and the statistics on which Cerdà based his contribution. The second part uses location theory and a geographic information system (GIS to analyse the pattern of location and the population served by markets and hospitals. In addition, topographic maps from 1926 and 1975 are used to study the development of the expansion up to when it was fully developed. The evolution of the city differed from Cerdà's proposal, partly due to unexpected increases in population density, the built environment, and higher amounts of building occupation. Nevertheless, Cerdà's layout of streets and avenues has prevailed.
Quantification of thermal bioclimate for the management of urban design in Mediterranean climate of Barcelona, Spain
Rodríguez Algeciras, José Abel; Matzarakis, Andreas
In order to contribute to the sustainability of the outdoor environment, knowledge about the urban thermal bioclimate should be transferred into climatic guidelines for planning. The general framework of this study responds to the need of analyzing thermal bioclimate in Mediterranean climate regions and its influence as an urban design factor. The paper analyzes the background of the urban climate and thermal bioclimate conditions in Barcelona (Spain), through the effect of shade conditions and wind speed variations. Simulations of shade and wind speed variations were performed to evaluate changes in thermal bioclimate due to modifications in urban morphology. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation for the period from January, 2001 to January, 2015 were used to calculate physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) using the RayMan model. The results demonstrate that shade is the most important strategy to improve urban microclimatic conditions. In Barcelona, human thermal comfort conditions can be improved by shade and wind speed increase in terms of PET above 23 °C and by a wind speed decrease for thresholds of PET below 18 °C. Heat stress situations can be mitigated by shade and wind speed increase in conditions above 35 and 45 °C, respectively. The results of the study are an important contribution for urban planners, due to their possibilities and potential for the description of microclimatic conditions in Mediterranean climate regions. The knowledge is useful for improved human thermal comfort conditions, from the suitable configuration of urban form and architecture.
Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas
E. Gallego; F. X. Roca; X. Guardino; M. G. Rosell
Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Draiger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a FID detector. In Barcelona metropolitan area the outdoor average concentrations of BTX were 3.5, 34.2, and 31.3 μg/m3 in urban areas, and 1.4, 9.2, and 9.2 μg/m3 in rural areas, respectively. Average indoor air concentrations of BTX were respectively 4.3, 64.8, and 47.6 μg/m3 in urban areas and 5.8, 67.0, and 51.4 μg/m3 in rural areas, respectively. A direct connection between the house and garage was one of the most influential factors for indoor BTX concentrations in rural areas. In urban areas, diffuse traffic sources were the predominant BTX source, slightly influenced by tobacco smoke in indoor air.
Energy and environmental evaluation of municipal facilities: Case study in the province of Barcelona
The service sector is extraordinarily important for the European economy, as it accounts for 75% of the GDP. Yet it is also a huge consumer of energy, especially in urban environments. Municipalities have the authority to develop and manage municipal services, and as a result the European Commission drew up the Covenant of Mayors in which the signatory municipalities pledge to reduce their CO2 emissions by 20% of their 1990 rates. Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) emerged from this covenant with the goal of analysing the current consumption patterns and compiling the actions that the municipalities should undertake in order to fulfil their pledges. This article focuses on analysing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of 978 municipal service facilities in the province of Barcelona in the year 2005. The average consumption per facility by surface area is 118.8 kWh/m2. Regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the average annual emissions in the facilities studied in the province of Barcelona were 40.0 kg CO2 eq/m2. - Highlights: • Energy consumption and GHG emissions of 978 municipal facilities are analysed. • The average annual energy consumption per facility is 130 MWh. • The average annual energy consumption per facility by surface area is 118.8 kWh/m2. • The average annual GHG emissions in the facilities studied are 40.0 kg CO2 eq/m2