text:
Subcategory: Planters
Model: 7200 conservation
Grain Handling, Grain Cleaners (4121) in Buxton, ND
Crippen CP572 air screen machine, Crippen G7000 gravity table, CNSSC S22 Indent length separator, 85KW Cat generator. Machine is commercially built, all commercial electrical. Has the ability to bypass the gravity table or bypass indent length separator.
View on Western Producer
Grain Handling, Grain Dryers (4124) in Kindersley, SK
Economical, efficient, fume-free, flameless grain drying units that have the ability to dry multiple grain bins simultaneously at your site. No operator required. 1-855-573-4328. [email protected]
Combines/Accessories, Combine Headers (4199) in Buffalo, AB
full finger auger, fore/aft, header height sensing, AWS 2000 air reel, no transport, $35,000 OBO. 403-664-9371, Buffalo, AB.
Miscellaneous Equipment, Pumps (6010) in Kamloops, BC
c/w motors, discharge heads and packing. Pumps have been overhauled from KPM approx. 5 yrs, running fine when removed from service, $1500 each. 1750 RPM, 870 GPM, 278 TDH. 2 National Bowl Assys E 12 XMC 4 stage. 1 Peerless Bowl Assy 4-12LD. Motors 60 HP.


text:
Possible Answer
jinsi ya kutombana. this is it what can you call it. ... kila style ina ujuzi wake bwana kuma mnato akinadada jueni kutumia style kumdatisha mzee nyumbani - read more
Free High Quality Music Downloads. ... MP3s; Kutomba Kuma; Search Results for "Kutomba Kuma" Raha Ya Kuma Kutomba. ... Youtube. Play Download. Jinsi ya kumfikisha ... - read more
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
gets a new look !
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French cinema worldwide
A Short film by Cédric Derlyn
Produced by Spleen Productions
Production year : 2004
Spleen Productions
Clovis Derlyn
Antoine Gueugneau
Cédric Derlyn
Annaïg Le Bourhis
Séverin Favriau
88 (2015), Two in One (2013), Citizen K.O. (2010)
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International competition


text:
Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centres
by Akel Kahera, Latif Abdulmalik, Craig Anz
- #527 in Nonfiction, Art & Architecture, Architecture
- #40 in Nonfiction, Art & Architecture, Architecture, Design & Drafting
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The design principles necessary to create functional and dynamic contemporary mosques can be hard to grasp for those unfamiliar with the Islamic faith. 'Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centers' provides an easy-to-use and practical set of guidelines for mosque design, illustrated with 300 line drawings.
Case studies of urban mosques in New York, Washington, Boston, and London and Birmingham amongst others, demonstrate how mosques and Islamic centers have evolved to integrate into the urban scenario. The book also compares tenets from Western and Eastern religious and secular philosophies and discusses their relation to architectural creation, place-making, meaning, and identity. The book shows how mosques fulfill multiple faith-based and social roles through their design; it provides a wide-ranging, basic understanding of Islamic liturgical conventions and secular functions to enable architects, designers, and community advocates to work with confidence.
'Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centers' is the first dedicated design guide for mosques and Islamic centers available.
• Features case studies from the USA, UK, and Europe
• Explains fundamental principles to make it easy to create viable design solutions for these exacting buildings that fulfi ll a range of social and religious roles.
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by Akel Kahera,Latif Abdulmalik,Craig Anz
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by on October 22, 2016
eBook Details
- Taylor and Francis, October 2009
- Imprint:
- 9781136441264
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text:
ManTech (www.mantech.com)
Full Time Employee Contractor
United States
This is a Service-Contract Act (SCA) position.
Seeking an Administrative Assistant to provide general administrative and professional support in a technical environment.
• Provides General Office Support to the organization and various project teams in a fast paced environment
• Interfaces with Langley and Agency leadership
• Maintains electronic calendars for organizations
• Attends organizational meetings as necessary
• Provides support prior to and during meetings, conferences, tours peer reviews and workshops using various modes and media communication devices
• Prepares and submits via NASA Travel system, foreign and domestic travel authorizations
• Prepares foreign travel packages and obtains approvals in the allotted timefram with all supporting documents needed.
• Prepares and submits acurate and complete Purchase Requisitions in the appropriate financial system to include all supporting documentation.
• Additional duties as assigned
This position requires demonstrated initiative, sound judgment, effective decision-making, and excellent oral and written communication skills, excellent communication and listening skills as well as experience in customer service. Requires skill with MS Word, Outlook, Excel, and Power Point.
Qualifications: Associates Degree & 2-4 years of related experience.
Clearance: None
To apply for this job, contact:
Human Resources


text: [ { "catentry_id" : "366532", "Attributes" : { "Colour_White":"1" }, "ItemImage" : "/wcsstore/StorefrontAssetStore/images/NoImageIcon.jpg", "ItemImage467" : "/wcsstore/StorefrontAssetStore/images/NoImageIcon.jpg", "ItemThumbnailImage" : "/wcsstore/StorefrontAssetStore/images/NoImageIcon.jpg" } ] Nouveau White 4 Drawer Chest £104.99 was £149.99 save £45.00 Qty (1) Qty (2) Qty (3) Qty (4) Qty (5) Qty (6) Qty (7) Qty (8) Qty (9) Qty (10) Qty (11) Qty (12) Qty (13) Qty (14) Qty (15) Qty (16) Qty (17) Qty (18) Qty (19) Qty (20) Add to basket × Your item has been added to basket Your items have been added to basket One line title Qty%(quantity)s %(price)s Continue Shopping Checkout Share Nouveau White 4 Drawer Chest View more from the Nouveau Bedroom Collection Nouveau White 4 Drawer Chest is rated 4.044444444444444 out of 5 by 45. Rated 1 out of 5 by Anne Marie from Dissaponted as it had damage to drawer front. Got this last week and two bedside cabinets and had damage to both the 4 drawer chest and one of the bedside cabinets Date published: 2016-10-18 Rated 2 out of 5 by BP51 from Does look beautiful stands out in my daughters bed I bought this as I saw the bedside cabinet in store and really liked it. Despite the reviews I decided to go for it and purchased the chest of draws and the console dressing table. The design is poorly made and the draws are very difficult to open and close my daughter does struggle opening and closing them all the time. Putting the legs on the console table was also a struggle.After reading the reviews I just thought I may be the lucky one, but take it from me the reviews are right so think before you purchase Date published: 2016-09-21 Rated 1 out of 5 by Jillian from Looks great, terrible product Look amazing but drawers both sets came damaged & missing handles. These drawers don't have runners which make it almost impossible to close they Jam because it's made with wood. drawers r so small can't fit dividers for underwear in them. Courier coming to take them back very disappointed Date published: 2016-09-18 Rated 2 out of 5 by Judy from Not impressed. Very poorly made and finished. Edges are very sharp and not finished properly, which causes paint problems. The only reason I've kept the product is that I'm disabled and can't take the hastle of sending them back. Date published: 2016-08-14 Rated 3 out of 5 by Corkill from New bedroom This design looks great. Brightens up the room. Draws don't slide out that easy but overall very happy with them Date published: 2016-08-09 Nouveau White 4 Drawer Chest Reviews - page 2 2016-10-27T06:57CST bvseo_cps, prod_bvrr, vn_cps_3.4.0 cp_1, bvpage1 co_hasreviews, tv_0, tr_45 loc_en_GB, sid_1000039722, PRD, sort_mostRecent clientName_dunelm


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Easy Entertaining: Chicken Roulades with Tapenade and Prosciutto
By Just a Taste on January 23, 2013
Featured BlogHer Network Post
Editor's note: I love having guests for dinner, but I always struggle finding food that's easy to prepare, yet looks beautiful too. This company-worthy dish from Kelly at Just a Taste fits the bill on both counts. Don't be intimidated by the word "roulade," with Kelly's clear instructions and photos, you'll be able to put these together in just a few minutes. --Jane
There are some weeknights when I arrive home from work so famished I have all I can do not to make a meal out of the nearest bag of Doritos Jacked Smoky Chipotle BBQ chips (ahem, my guilty food pleasure). And on those nights, I turn to either 30-Minute Mongolian Beef or these Chicken Roulades with Tapenade and Prosciutto.
Image: Courtesy of Just a Taste
Read more from Chicken Roulades with Tapenade and Prosciutto at Just a Taste
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$1,375—$1,425 1 bed 15610 Tustin Village Way, Tustin CA, 92780
from $1,375 1 bed
15610 Tustin Village Way, Tustin, 92780
Commute to Downtown Tustin
The rent at 15610 Tustin Village Way ranges from $1,375 for a one bedroom to a $1,425 one bedroom. Apartments in this building are about 15% less expensive than the Tustin average.
This apartment is in Tustin. Nearby parks include Santa Ana Zoo, Prentice Park and Pepper Tree Park.
15610 Tustin Village Way has a Walk Score of 62 out of 100. This location is Somewhat Walkable so some errands can be accomplished on foot.
Owner/manager tools | Report bad listing | From rentjungle.com
Tustin, California, 92780
Some errands can be accomplished on foot.
About your score
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 15610 Tustin Village Way.
Bus lines:
66 Huntington Beach - Irvine
0.2 mi
64 Huntington Beach - Tustin
0.6 mi
71 Yorba Linda - Balboa
0.6 mi
Car shares:
View all Tustin apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include fireplace, pool and hardwood floor.
Search for homes in Tustin or find a Tustin real estate agent who knows walkable neighborhoods. Links will open on our partner site Redfin.com.
15610 Tustin Village Way is in the city of Tustin, CA. Tustin has an average Walk Score of 49 and has 75,540 residents.


text:
...This degree allows me to potentially be certified to teach grades kindergarten through 8th. I graduated with high marks to obtain this degree, and completed my student teaching for a 4th/5th grade class. I also have my graduate degree and am an avid reader.
13 Subjects: including reading, algebra 1, SAT math, nursing
Broomfield, CO
...I will always work at your pace and your level. My knowledge of photography goes way beyond just Photoshop...just in case you didn't read above. I'm happy and friendly (everyday) and people often comment on my professionalism.
3 Subjects: including photography, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Lightroom
Denver, CO
...Since then, I have served as a private tutor to those taking chemistry. In nursing school, I was a part of the peer tutor program where I was paired with students that were struggling with class content and I would privately tutor them to help increase their confidence and grades. I mainly focused in subjects like nursing theory, health assessment, and pathophysiology.
4 Subjects: including chemistry, algebra 1, algebra 2, nursing
Denver, CO
For the past 17 years, with great success and satisfaction, I taught all subjects to high school students at a small, non-traditional private school in Denver. In addition, afternoon and evening hours were spent working individually with students of all types in credit accrual, subject tutoring, an...
36 Subjects: including chemistry, physics, writing, geometry
Longmont, CO
...I have a unique but successful and enjoyable method for teaching a difficult subject and have proven feedback. I love to teach others about my Japanese heritage, language, and culture and have been quite successful. If you are interested in learning the Japanese language and culture at a descent price, please do not hesitate to contact me.
1 Subject: Japanese
Parker, CO


text:
On Arrive At Port Blair, Our Representative Receive You At Airport /Harbor And Escort You To Check In To The Hotel/Resort. After Lunch , Visit Cellular Jail Museum. In The Evening, The Light And Sound Show At Cellular Jail Where The Saga Of The Freedom Struggle Brought Alive And Also Visit Gandhi Park.
Today we start around 05:30 from Hotel and head to Phoenix Bay Jetty to catch ferry ( SPEED BOAT) to Neil islands, on arrival our representative will receive you and escort you to the Hotel, after check in and little relax, we head for Laxman Pur Beach, Bharatpur beach and Sita pur beach and Howrah Bridge. Night stay at Neil.
Early Morning departure from Hotel for Havelock Island. On arrival at Havelock Island, our representative will receive and escort you to check-in to the resort. After relaxation we proceed to Radha nagar Beach, which is rated as the #7 among the finest beaches in Asia. It is an ideal place for swimming, sea bathing and basking on the sun kissed beach. Night stay at Havelock.
Sail to Rangat. Night stay at Rangat.
After breakfast, visit Ross & Smith island. Night stay at Rangat.
Dept. for Baratang (Jarawa Reserve), Mud Volcano - Lime Stone cave. Return Port Blair and Night stay at Port Blair.
Visit Chatham saw mill, Mini Zoo, Corbyns Cove Beach, Samudrika Museum, Anthropological Museum, Fisheries Aquarium, Science centre, Sagarika emporium for shopping. Night stay at Port Blair.
After Breakfast., We will proceed for a full day cruising towards, Ross Island, Viper Island and North Bay (Coral Island). First we starts with an exhilarating journey (by boat) to Ross Island (Ross Island, the erstwhile capital of Port Blair during the British regime), From Ross Island, we proceed for a joyful trip to North bay island (Coral Island) offering exotic coral, colorful fishes and underwater marine life. We can view these colorful corals & underwater marine life via in glass bottom boat and snorkeling. At evening proceed for a cruise of harbor by a boat includes a trip to Viper, the place of execution and overnight stay at Port Blair.
Fly back with ever lasting memories of these emerald Islands.
Mr. Swapan Roy
A.I.R. Road, Dilanipur (Port Meriden Hotel), Bridge Gunj, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India - 744101
+91-9531936528, 8944055004, 9476032726
Couple Package for Andaman Tour - 6 D / 5 N
Port Blair - Ross Island - Havelock - Baratang Island
Andaman Group Luxury Package Tour - 6 D / 5 N
Port Blair - Ross Island - Havelock Island - Baratang Island
Group Standard Package Tour - 4 D / 3 N
Port Blair - Ross Island - Havelock Island
Group Standard Package Andaman Tour - 5 D / 4 N
Port Blair - Ross Island - Havelock Island
Deluxe Package for Andaman Tour - 5 D / 4 N
Port Blair - Havelock - Ross Island
Andaman Delight with Havelock Island Tour - 4 D / 3 N
Port Blair
Easy Escape at Andaman Tour - 5 D / 4 N
Port Blair
Andaman Escapade Tour - 6 D / 5 N
Port Blair
Colorful Holidays In Andaman Tour - 5 D / 4 N
Port Blair
Memorable Andaman Tour - 6 D / 5 N
Port Blair


text:
Máirtín Ó Cadhain's The Dirty Dust is not exactly well-known to Anglophone readers, though the novel is surely of a piece with the great literary works that emerged from Ireland in the 20th Century. It has Joyce's linguistic ingenuity, O'Brien's surrealism, and Beckett's comic philosophy. But it is written in Irish Gaelic, and it had to wait until last year to be published in English, by Yale University Press.
Patrick O'Connor reviews The Dirty Dust by Máirtín Ó Cadhain.


text:
Humanities Graduates Play Big Role in British Economy, Study Finds
As academics on both sides of the Atlantic fret over the fate of the humanities, a new report suggests that those who earned degrees in philosophy, literature, and related areas play a significant role in the British economy.
University of Oxford...
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text:
a front-end developer in San Francisco
I'm passionate about crafting elegant code that showcases beautiful design and allows for intuitive user interaction. I enjoy pushing pixels to get the details just right and maintaining modular components. I love learning new technologies and making things come to life using css and javascript.
Away from the computer I enjoy backpacking, running, yoga, cooking, riding bikes, photography, videography, and travel.


text:
- Arrive in San Juan Upon arrival, begin your exploration of San Juan.
San Juan and Beyond
From castles to mangrove forests, a fascinating culture with a Spanish past
Explore San Juan and Beyond with your students. A local guide introduces you to San Juan, Puerto Rico and its 400 years of Spanish Colonial history. On your tour, pass oceanfront mangrove forests to the Caribbean national forest for a nature hike. Visit Ponce, Rio Camuy Cave Park, and back to San juan to relax or meet local students.
Call for more information: 800-771-2323
Price This Itinerary
We often offer seasonal and early registration pricing incentives on selected trips all over the world. Contact us today to find out the price for this itinerary.
We Can Help
Don't see what you're looking for? No problem. We can help you customize an option that works for you. Click on the button below to start.
Your Adventure, Day by Day
- Discover San Juan On a walking tour, a local guide introduces you to San Juan and its 400 years of Spanish Colonial history. See the Capitol building, plazas, and museums. Enter El Morro Castle, a striking military fortification.
- Visit El Yunque Pass oceanfront mangrove forests and coconut palms en route to El Yunque, the Caribbean national forest, for a nature hike.
- Portal Tropical Forest Center In the Portal Tropical Forest Center you can enjoy ecological exhibits.
- Visit Luquillo Beach Relax at Luquillo Beach.
- Return to San Juan
- LEAP Salsa Time
- Discover Ponce Visit Ponce, the second largest city in the country, where a local guide takes you to explore the Serralles Castle, a magnificient, triple-level, fully-restored Spanish Revival mansion.
- Explore the caves of Rio Camuy Creep through the caves of Rio Camuy Cave Park and learn about its ecosystem.
- Arecibo Observatory Later, visit the Arecibo Observatory, home of the world's largest radio telescope.
- Free Day to Explore Free day to explore San Juan or relax by the pool.
- Add on: LEAP Puerto Rican School Visit Optional activity.
- Add on: Harbor Cruise Take in the scenery and get an alternate perspective of the city as you cruise through San Juan harbor, one of the largest cruise ports in the world. See the sights lit up and enjoy lively tropical music and dancing.
- Farewell! Say your goodbyes and board your flight home.
If you don't see the trip or destination you're looking for, no need to worry. WorldStrides has the power to take you anywhere you want to go. Just click on the button below to begin the journey.


text:
We'd love to speak with you! Call us 7AM to 5PM [Pacific Time] Monday through Friday.
Don't like the phone? Email us 24/7. We usually reply the same day! [Monday-Friday] to all inquiries. We respond to email messages in the order that they are received, and will respond to your email as quickly as possible.
Marquise shaped, double sided checkerboard rose quartz dangles from an 18in sterling silver diamond cut cable chain. Spring ring clasp. Quartz dimensions: 20mm x 10mm. This halo style necklace is adorned with 65 x 1mm genuine full cut diamonds. Diamond clarity I2, color G-H. Approximate weight: 3.0 grams.


text:
Sold out…
AllSaints Women's Brown Fleur De Lis Keyfob Case Usa Usa
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Get notified when it's back…
We check over 450 retailers daily. Be the first to know when it comes back in stock.
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We check over 450 retailers daily. Be the first to know when it comes back in stock.
Fleur de lis keyfob case. Part of a specially crafted range of accessories to accompany our new handbag collection. Formed from a soft lamb leather with zip around closure. Whip stitch detailing around the exterior edges gives a handcrafted touch. How to wear this season: practicality and style come hand in hand with this accessory to accompany any outfit. 100% lamb leather. Measurements: 10.5 x 8.3 x 0.5 / approximately 4 x 3 x 0.2in. Made in: vietnam. Color: brown
AllSaints items by category | All AllSaints items | All Women's Cases


text:
Welcome! I am the owner of www.etsy.com/shop/Mindiemay. We offer enchanting jewelry, hair accessories, bridal items, luxurious perfume oils,temporary tattoos, our Just Right Chunky TM clothing, screen printing, and more! All made in the Sierra Mountains, of Northern Ca. Here I share many secrets, including my weight loss story, jewelry tutorials, crafts, my award winning recipes, giveaways, and my recent breast cancer journey. Please join our weekly Anything Goes linky party.
Monday, December 6, 2010
Tropical Bacon Baked Beans
These beans are not too sweet and a bit savory with bacon and fried onions. I had seen Paula Deen on her show one time, share some beans that were similar, with pork & beans, bacon, molasses, crushed drained pineapple, and fried onions. I didn't want these to be too sweet and was trying to make them a bit healthier too. I used only 1 can of pork & beans then added 50 % less sodium black beans, no salt added Golden Sweet Corn, undrained crushed pineapple with 100% pineapple juice, fried onions, and of course bacon. They were super easy and since you can mix everything in your baking dish, you will have no added bowls or pots to clean. I also love that these baked beans have fruit and vegetables in them, for a well rounded side dish. This recipe will make about 15 half cup servings.
2 comments:
This recipe looks very good. I'm your new follower since finding you at this-weeks-cravings-linking party.ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for linking up to THIS WEEK'S CRAVINGS "Surprise/Hidden or Secret Ingredient".ReplyDelete
Please remember to add our button or just a link back to the party so others can share & see all the recipes too!
Next Monday our theme will be "Husband's Cook", so come back over and link up a post and/or recipe that your significant other has made for you!


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The effort was there but another couple of dopey mistakes by the kick and punt teams and here we are, facing the bleak prospect of playing out the string.
This might be the first season in Cougar history when hope ended before
September did. Just who can the Cougars beat now, if
they can't beat an Arizona team that lost to
non-descript BYU and even non-descripter New Mexico?
This 48-20 loss began to take shape when the Cougs'
latest punter, Ephrata's Reid ``Run Forrest Run!" Forrest, let
a good snap bounce off his hands, as the previous
punter did the week before. It was about that time
that a reasonably close game began to sour.
The Coug offense that shoulders all responsibility for hanging
in there is decent, but not decent enough to overcome
feeble defense and comical special teams play.
Now, we should point out a few things that went right. Coug
tight end Jed Collins, the human packhorse, has worked
himself into an inviting target over the middle. The
blitz worked. Once. The Coug defense forced a punt.
Once. It was the first enemy punt, incidentally,
since late in the WSU-Idaho game about 50 years ago.
Forcing a punt every 100 minutes of playing time is no
way to execute a defensive game plan. That's how long
it dragged on, incidentally, between defensive stops.
Just over 100 minutes. And when the Cougs did force
their one punt of the night the offense did nothing
with it -- another mark of a team on a spiral to
One suggestion in the bleakness of what lies
ahead -- field position is irrelevant.
We know the kicking game has more needs than an Army recruiter. So
coach, because you can't punt, don't. I know a junior
high team wouldn't play it that way but wouldn't you
rather have Alex Brink taking the snap out of shotgun
on fourth down -- with a chance to pick up yardage in
the right direction?
Almost anything is better than trusting the football to any of our platoon of punters
and kickers, who somehow end up on the team charter
every week. Either we've got a lot of empty seats on
the team plane or there's a backup punter with a lot
of built-up frequent flyer miles.
It was a strange
start, even before the Cougs blew an extra-point kick
and flubbed a deep snap. The new-look Arizona Wildcats
are committed to the pass this year, right? Spread the
field, share the ball, move it Dennis Erickson-style
dinking and dumping all the way to the Sun Bowl.
how come Arizona came out looking like the 1974 Ohio State Buckeyes? Even with the usual verbal sandbagging
among coaches that passes for pre-game information,
this week was something of a classic creation of
Wazzu's Bill Doba hazarded the guess
that the Cougars' planned arrival in Pullman Sunday
morning might be delayed by a full day. It's all those
passes you understand. Look for us back in Pullman,
oh, sometime Monday.
Arizona's Mike Stoops didn't do
much to alter the perception. Throw after throw. Guys getting out of bounds to stop the clock. Drops. Touchdowns. Time dragging.
We should have known that
Arizona wouldn't ignore the obvious, which is this: the
Coug defense is soft in the middle. Charlie Weis soft
in the middle. Roll as much film as a college football
coach does and you notice a few things.
Like steamroll
right might be a good idea against Washington State,
followed by steamroll left. Saturday it was an Arizona
freshman named Grigsby, in his first start, who ran up
the real estate like some kind of modern Archie
Griffin-LaDanian Tomlinson clone.
Stoops got too cute for a spell, trying to force the pass, when all he had
to do was keep it on the ground. Eventually their
passing game weighed in heavily but not before the
Wildcats became the latest to leave the tread marks of
their running back all over the Coug D.
I know this
will come off as extreme but Doba might be wise to
find another linebackers coach. He's the head coach
and the linebackers coach, right? He could go down as
the first head coach to fire himself. It would be
coaching immortality of a sort.
Still, it could be worse
for the guy who might be the most decent man in college
coaching today. He could have made himself the special
teams coach this year. Then he'd have no choice. He'd
fire himself tomorrow.
Commentary: Time to scrap punting completely?
Cougfan Top Stories
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Directed primarily toward undergraduate business college/university majors, this text also provides practical content to current and aspiring industry professionals.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 2, 2008
|Filing date
|Aug 12, 2005
|Priority date
|Aug 12, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John Minkoff
|Original Assignee
|Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (8), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for adaptively performing algebraic interference cancellation and, more particularly, to techniques for adaptively determining the angular location of interference signals and selectively rejecting the interference signals without distorting a received signal of interest.
2. Description of the Related Art
Phased array antennas consist of an array of individual antenna elements arranged in a particular manner to cooperatively transmit and receive directed beams of electromagnetic energy. An array antenna beam pattern, which typically includes a main lobe and side lobes, defines the angular dependence of the array gain. The shape and direction of an array antenna beam pattern are determined by the relative phases and amplitudes applied at the individual antenna elements that constitute the array via a process referred to as beamforming. By adjusting the relative phases of the antenna elements, the main lobe of the antenna beam pattern can be steered over a range of different directions to transmit a signal in a selected direction or to receive a signal arriving from a particular direction. When receiving a signal, received power is maximized by pointing the main lobe of the array antenna beam pattern in the direction of a source of a signal of interest.
Ideally, the signal of interest is aligned with the boresight of the antenna beam pattern to maximize the received signal strength. Nevertheless, interference signals in the sidelobes or main lobe of the antenna beam pattern may also be received along with the signal of interest. Adaptive interference cancellation schemes for phased array antennas have been in use since the 1960s (see, for example, S. Applebaum, "Adaptive Arrays," Syracuse University Research Corp. Report, SPL TR 66-1, August 1966, and B. Widrow at al., "Adaptive Antenna Systems," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 55, December 1967). Many variations of such schemes exist, but all of them involve the following process. At each sampling instant, a beamforming operation is performed on the set of array outputs. The array outputs present a vector of complex numbers representing a signal of interest and possibly interference from one or more interfering sources, e.g., jammers. The weights used in the beamforming operation, which are calculated in an adaptive process, yield a beam pattern that is deliberately distorted in a manner such that nulls are imposed on the pattern at the angles corresponding to the directions of the interfering sources. As discussed in Hudson, "Principles of Adaptive Arrays," pp. 39-48, Peter Peregrinus, London, 1981, operating with the weights yielded by an optimized adaptive process is equivalent to a beamforming operation in which the beamsteering vectors have been projected into a space orthogonal to the interference directions. The orthogonality is manifested by the nulls in the beam pattern.
The adaptive beamforming/nulling (ABF) operation can be thought of as a process in which a beampattern representing signal plus interference is formed, from which a beampattern representing interference alone is subtracted, as suggested by Hudson and by Monzingo in "Introduction to Adaptive Arrays," Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1980. As such, when the angular separation between signal and interference becomes less than the width of the main lobe, the interference and signal beams begin to overlap, and rejection of interference cannot take place without also attenuating and distorting the signal of interest, which becomes more severe and pronounced as the signal/interference angular separation decreases. Thus, interference in the main lobe of the antenna beam presents a severe problem for ABF systems, and the interference rejection resolution capability is limited by the resolution of the antenna array. Also, since ABF schemes achieve interference rejection by distortion of the array beampatterns, distortions in the output time function representing the signal is unavoidable. Furthermore, since the beamforming process employed is irreversible, it is not possible to correct for the signal distortion. Consequently, it would be desirable to provide improved interference rejection, particularly for interference sources located in the main beam, without distorting the signal of interest.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an adaptive algebraic interference cancellation (AAIC) technique for canceling interference from a signal of interest received by an array of antenna elements includes: generating a set of antenna element signals that reflect reception of the signal of interest and interference at the respective antenna elements; adaptively determining the direction of one or more interference sources received with the signal of interest; for each interference source, constructing a directional interference vector corresponding to the direction of the interference source; computing a projection operator that transforms each directional interference vector to a zero vector; applying the projection operator to the antenna element signals to remove interference from the antenna element signals; and restoring the signal of interest by individually compensating the antenna element signals for distortion to the signal of interest cause by applying the projection operator.
The projection operator can be an M�M matrix A of rank M−k, where M is the number of antenna elements in the antenna array, k is the number of interference sources to be rejected, and k<M. The matrix A is computed to satisfy the expression Ain=0, for n=1 to k, where in are the directional interference vectors. Application of the projection operator eliminates the interference signal but also distorts the signal of interest. However, the signal of interest can be restored exactly by dividing each transformed antenna element signal by a corresponding factor that can be determined from the computations required to generate the projection operator.
The adaptive process for determining the directions of interference sources can be essentially the same type of adaptive process used in conventional adaptive beamforming schemes, in which weights are derived from the received signal. However, unlike adaptive beamforming schemes, these weights are not used in a beamforming operation in the AAIC technique of the present invention. Instead, the weights are used in an algebraic operation to eliminate interference arriving from the directions specified by the weights without distorting the signal of interest. The invention essentially employs the capability of adaptive beamforming techniques to determine the angles of interference sources, but rather than performing a beamforming operation, uses this information in a superior interference rejection scheme.
The adaptive algebraic interference cancellation (AAIC) process is performed by a purely deterministic algebraic operation applied directly to the antenna element signals, which constitute at each sampling instant a vector of complex numbers, to selectively reject interference at each array element. Beamforming is not performed in the AAIC process, and no array characteristics such as resolution and beampatterns come into play. Consequently, an undistorted signal of interest can be recovered. Further, because AAIC operates independently of array beampatterns and resolution, there is no fundamental limit on minimum (but not zero) angular separation between an interfering source and a signal of interest that can be observed undistorted by ether interference or the process of rejecting.
The above and still further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following definitions, descriptions and descriptive figures of specific embodiments thereof wherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized to designate like components. While these descriptions go into specific details of the invention, it should be understood that variations may and do exist and would be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the descriptions herein.
As previously noted, conventional techniques based upon beamforming are limited in their ability to reject interference from sources closely spaced in angle to a signal source of interest. Upon subtracting from the signal beam a beam formed on the interference source, a null is produced in the signal beam pattern; however, the nulling is not selective and affects reception of a signal of interest as well as the interference. As signal and interference become closer together in angle, the signal will increasingly also become rejected by the process along with the interference. This sets a limit on the minimum signal/interference separation that can be effectively dealt with in rejecting interference by means of beamforming techniques. The limitation is due primarily to the array beam pattern beamwidth, which is determined by physical characteristics of the array antenna. Hence, using conventional array beamforming techniques, the ability to reject interference signals in close proximity to a signal of interest is significantly limited by the physical characteristics of the array antenna.
Nevertheless, an advantageous feature of typical adaptive beamforming techniques is that they essentially determine the angles at which interference is present. More specifically, an adaptive process generates weights that are used in a beamforming operation to distort the beam pattern by imposing nulls at the angles corresponding to the directions of the interfering sources. In adaptive beamforming, the manner of operation with the weights is equivalent to operating with a set of beamsteering vectors that have been projected into the null space of a matrix that is orthogonal to the interference directions. In other words, the angles corresponding to the interference directions can be directly determined from the weights generated by an optimized, adaptive beamforming process.
According to the invention, an adaptive process, such as that used in typical adaptive beamforming operations, is used to generate information (e.g., the aforementioned weights) that specifies the angles corresponding to the directions of interfering sources. However, unlike adaptive beamforming, these weights are not used in a beamforming operation. Rather, the weights are used in an algebraic operation to eliminate interference arriving from the angles specified by the weights without distorting the signal of interest. In effect, the invention employs the capability of adaptive beamforming techniques to determine the angles of interference sources, but instead of performing a beamforming operation, uses this information in a superior interference rejection scheme.
More specifically, an adaptive algebraic interference cancellation (AAIC) technique can be employed to reject interference. This technique differs fundamentally from adaptive beamforming (ABF) schemes in a number of respects. First, the interference rejection of the AAIC technique is accomplished by a purely deterministic algebraic operation applied directly to the array outputs, which constitute at each sampling instant a vector of complex numbers. Beamforming plays no role in the process, and no array characteristics such as resolution and beampatterns come into play. Second, with AAIC, interference is rejected selectively at each array element. As a result, rather than yielding a single distorted output representing the signal of interest, as in the case of ABF, with AAIC, array beampatterns after interference rejection and signal restoration are identical to what they would be if the interference were non-existent. Further, because AAIC operates independently of array beampatterns and resolution, there is no fundamental limit on minimum (but not zero) angular separation between an interfering source and a signal of interest that can be observed undistorted by ether interference or the process of rejecting. The practical limit on this capability is determined by receiver noise, as discussed below.
As used herein, the terms antenna beam(s), or simply "beam(s)", refer generally to transmitted energy concentrated in a certain direction or a sensitivity or receptiveness of the antenna to signals arriving from particular directions. The antenna beam is formed by a directional antenna and is directed over a particular angular region in accordance with the antenna pattern (i.e., the radiated field intensity as a function of angle), resulting in a directed signal. The antenna beam may be fixed in a particular direction or may be electronically or mechanically steered over a range of directions. Typically, it is possible to electronically steer the antenna beam by controlling the relative phases of the signals transmitted by the individual antenna elements in the antenna array.
A functional flow diagram is shown in
Next, operation 104 involves adaptively determining information (e.g., weights) from the received signal, wherein the information indicates the angles corresponding to the direction of interference signals. AAIC uses essentially the same adaptive process as adaptive beamforming/nulling (ABF) techniques. For example, a known adaptive least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm can be used to converge to optimal weights. However, an important difference between AAIC and ABF resides in the use of the weights that are generated in the process. As previously noted, in ABF, the manner of operation with the weights is equivalent to operating with a set of beamsteering vectors that have been projected into the null space of a matrix. With AAIC, the projection operator defined by the weights is applied not to beamsteering vectors but to the observables, namely, the array outputs which, at each sampling instant, present a vector of complex numbers. Application of the projection operator in AAIC transforms the interference vectors into the zero vector. The interference vectors are annihilated by transformation into the null space of the projection operator. With an array of M elements, M−1 interfering sources can be annihilated by a single projection operation, specifically, a matrix multiplication.
Accordingly, in operation 106, for an M-element array, an M�1 column vector i that corresponds to the direction of an interference source can be constructed from the information provided by the beamforming weights:
where the phases θn are of the form θn=2 πfnτ where τ is the inter-element delay for the incident interference wave-front. This information is given directly by the weights determined from the adaptive process, since the Fourier transform of the weight vector has nulls for those angles corresponding to interference directions. Thus, the adaptive process, in converging to the optimum weights, provides the necessary information for generating the AAIC projection operator.
The next operation (108) in the AAIC process involves constructing a matrix A such that for an interference vector i, the matrix multiplication of matrix A and vector i is zero:
Ai=0 (2)
The matrix A is essentially a mathematical tool that can be used to eliminate as many as M−1 potential sources of interference received by an array antenna with M array elements. In general, in order for equation (2) to be satisfied by a non-trivial solution, i≠0, it is necessary that A be rank deficient; that is, it cannot have an inverse (if the M�M matrix A is full rank, there is only the trivial solution i=0). If there are k<M interferers, a rank-deficient matrix A, of rank M−k, is sought, satisfying the expression:
Ai n=0, for n=1, 2, . . . , k (3)
where the vectors in are the M�1 directional interference vectors of the form of equation (1), which populate the k-dimensional null-space of A.
Matrix A is constructed by making use of a theorem from matrix algebra which states that if an M�M Hermitian matrix K has a k-fold repeated eigenvalue λ, the matrix λI−K has rank M−k, where I is the M�M identity matrix. Consider the M�M matrix K written in dyadic form as
expressed as a sum of vector outer products, where H denotes the Hermitian conjugate and the vm are a set of M-element orthonormal column vectors. The matrix K is Hermitian and has a k-fold repeated eigenvalue equal to unity (the remaining roots are all zero). Therefore, the matrix A is given by:
With k interference vectors, I−K has a k-dimensional null space. That is, there are k non-zero interference vectors in n=1,2, . . . k such that:
Ai n=(I−K)i n=0 (6)
The vectors vm are determined by solving the set of equations:
or equivalently
As previously noted, knowledge of the interference angular locations completely specifies the k directional interference vectors in in equations (7) and (8). Once the vectors vm are determined, the matrix A is computed from equations (4) and (5).
Thus, in seeking the matrix A, one arrives at a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. This illustrates another major difference between the described AAIC technique and beam-forming/nulling schemes. Here, Gram-Schmidt is applied in order to produce an orthonormal coordinate system as a basis set for representation of the set of selected directional vectors. In the beamforming/nulling schemes, Gram-Schmidt is used to orthogonalize the beam-steering vectors with respect to the interference vectors. In the present invention, the AAIC operators generated by the Gram-Schmidt procedure are applied to different objects for entirely different purposes.
Once the matrix A has been computed, it can be applied to the outputs of the antenna elements to remove interference arriving from the k directions of the interference signals (operation 110 in
where the phases φn are of the form φn=2πfnτ where τ is the inter-element delay for the incident wave-front of the signal of interest. Where k interference signals in arrive along with the signal of interest s, the received signal plus interference (i.e., the outputs of the M antenna elements) is given by the vector sum:
Since the matrix A eliminates each of the k interference signals, it holds that:
In other words, multiplying the M�M matrix A by an M�1 vector of the outputs of the M antenna elements yields an M�1 vector of modified antenna element outputs s′ in which the interference signals have been eliminated. This projection operation performed by matrix A, which annihilates the interference, also imposes a transformation on the signal which must be removed. Since matrix A is singular by construction this cannot be accomplished by a matrix inversion.
However, the transformed signal at the mth element of the array can be written as:
where the Km,n are the elements of the matrix K, and τm are the inter-element delays for the look angle of interest (i.e., the signal of interest) Thus, while the projection operation performed by matrix A eliminates the interference signals, the transformation this process imposes on the signal of interest amounts to multiplying the signal at the mth element (sm) by the complex number T(m) given by:
Thus, after the transformation caused by matrix A, the modified signal s′m at the mth element is equal to T(m)*sm, where sm is the original signal of interest received at the mth element.
Consequently, to restore the signal of interest to its original state after interference rejection, the modified output of each element s′m is divided by the corresponding T factor (T(m)) to yield the original signal of interest sm without interference (operation 112 in
A very simple example based on a two-element array is now described to help illustrate the AAIC process. Assume a single signal of interest and a single interference signal are received from two respective directions. The signal and interference may be represented at the two-element array by the vector equations (14) and (15) below:
where the signal and interference directions are represented, respectively, by the angles θ and φ and each is of the form 2πfτ, respectively, and where τ represents the propagation delay between the first and second array elements in these examples (τθ is the delay for the signal wave front and τφ is delay for the interference wave front).
A rank-deficient matrix A is constructed, of rank unity in this example, whose null-space contains the vector i as given by the equation:
and multiplication of s+i by A yields:
Thus the interference i is eliminated, and by dividing s1′ by T and s2′ by T*, the transformation by A on the signal is reversed, yielding the desired signal vector:
Using the AAIC approach, sources of interference are eliminated selectively at each array element by the transformation of the directional interference vectors into the zero vector. Conventional beam-forming process play no part. After interference rejection with AAIC, beamforming, if performed, yields an undistorted signal, as if the interference had not existed. The signals of interest can be exactly recovered. Note, however, that in eliminating the effect of the transformation by A on s by removing the complex multiplicative factors,
the denominators in equation (18) become progressively smaller in magnitude as signal and interference become closer together in angle. As previously noted, this will amplify any noise or other interference that may be present. Thus, the minimum tolerable, but nonzero, angular separation between a signal of interest and a potential interfering source that one wishes to reject is a function of the receiver noise characteristics. There is no limitation other than signal-to-noise ratio considerations on the minimum angular separation.
A significant difference between conventional approaches based upon beamforming techniques and the AAIC approach described here is the objects to which a transformation is applied. In conventional approaches, a transformation operation is applied to the beamsteering vectors for projection into a subspace orthogonal to the interference. The transformed vectors are then applied to the signal plus interference in a conventional beam-forming operation to produce a null in the direction of the interference, by which the interference is reduced, and signals of interest close in angle to the interference, i.e., nominally within a beamwidth, will be equally affected by the null. With the AAIC approach of the present invention, the transformation is applied directly to the array output s+i, which selectively removes the components of interference directly from each array element leaving only the transformed but recoverable signal vector s, with no physical array issues such as limitations imposed by angle resolution and array beamwidth, or beam-steering vectors, coming into play.
Processor 206 may be implemented in single processor or a number of different processor that perform different functions. For example, processor 206 may be implemented by any combination of hardware and software that may be statically and/or dynamically configured to perform AAIC as described above.
In comparing performance of AAIC with that of conventional adaptive beamforming/nulling schemes, there are two principle issues of interest: signal distortion and signal attenuation. For both of these issues, there are two angular regions of interest, namely, the sidelobe and the main lobe regions. It is generally accepted that ABF schemes give satisfactory performance for rejecting interference in the sidelobes, and equally well acknowledged that ABF schemes have serious problems in dealing with interference in the main lobe. Both of these issues are addressed by the following performance analysis for both angular ranges, revealing the markedly superior performance of AAIC over ABF for main-lobe interference.
To compare the extent to which the ABF and AAIC processes impose distortion on the signal of interest, a four-element array is considered with half-wavelength spacing between elements, and the beampatterns that result after interference rejection by the two methods are compared. As noted above, beamforming plays no part in rejecting interference by AAIC.
In the example shown in
It will be appreciated that the embodiments described above and illustrated in the drawings represent only a few of the many ways of implementing and applying the AAIC methods and apparatus described. The present invention is not limited to the specific applications disclosed herein, but may be used in any number of ways. For example, the limitations of conventional adaptive beamforming techniques with respect to the inability to remove interference signals in the main beam without distorting the signal of interest are easily overcome by the described methods and apparatus based upon improvements achieved in the effective resolving power of array antennas, and the AAIC technique is useful in any system employing array antennas in which interference is a potential problem.
The AAIC techniques described may be implemented in any number of modules. Each module can be implemented in any number of ways and is not limited in implementation to execute process flows precisely as described above. The AAIC processes described above and illustrated in the flow charts and diagrams may be modified in any manner that accomplishes the functions described herein.
It is to be understood that various functions of the AAIC method and apparatus may be distributed in any manner among any quantity (e.g., one or more) of hardware and/or software modules or units, computer or processing systems or circuitry.
AAIC processing module(s) may be integrated within a stand-alone antenna/receiver system or may execute separately and be coupled to any number of devices, workstation computers, server computers or data storage devices via any communications medium (e.g., network, modem, direct connection, etc.). The AAIC scheme can be implemented by any quantity of devices and/or any quantity of personal or other type of computer or processing system. The computer system may include any commercially available operating system, any commercially available and/or custom software (e.g., communication software, etc.) and any types of input devices (e.g., radio receiver, etc.).
It is to be understood that the software of the AAIC system may be implemented in any desired computer language, and could be developed by one of ordinary skill in the computer and/or programming arts based on the functional description contained herein and the flow charts illustrated in the drawings. Moreover, the AAIC software may be available or distributed via any suitable medium (e.g., stored on devices such as CD-ROM and diskette, downloaded from the Internet or other network (e.g., via packets and/or carrier signals), downloaded from a bulletin board (e.g., via carrier signals), or other conventional distribution mechanisms).
AAIC output can be presented to the user and/or other processing modules in any manner using numeric and/or visual presentation and/or audible and/or electronic data formats. Further, any references herein of software performing various functions generally refer to computer systems or processors performing those functions under software control. The computer system may alternatively be implemented by hardware or other processing circuitry. The various functions of the AAIC process may be distributed in any manner among any quantity (e.g., one or more) of hardware and/or software modules or units, computer or processing systems or circuitry, where the computer or processing systems may be disposed locally or remotely of each other and communicate via any suitable communications medium (e.g., LAN, WAN, Intranet, Internet, hardwire, modem connection, wireless, etc.). The software and/or processes described above and illustrated in the flow charts and diagrams may be modified in any manner that accomplishes the functions described herein.
The system of the present invention may be implemented using any of a variety of hardware and software configurations and is not limited to any particular configuration. For example, AAIC processing may be performed with a signal received via any size of array antenna and is not limited to any particular number of receiving antenna elements and can be configured using any appropriate number and arrangement of antenna elements required to meet particular system requirements, such as beamwidth, scan angle, antenna gain, etc.
Virtually all applications that utilize directional antennas, such as phased array antennas, can benefit from utilization of the described AAIC technique. These application include, but are not limited to, communication, navigation, and radar systems, such as future generations of GPS, GPS augmentation systems, wireless telephony, satellite communication systems, the Global Multi-Mission Service Platform (GMSP), systems employing code division multiple access (CDMA) multiplexing and other communication systems.
Having described preferred embodiments of new and improved methods and apparatus for adaptively performing algebraic interference cancellation, it is believed that other modifications, variations and changes will be suggested to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein. It is therefore to be understood that all such variations, modifications and changes are believed to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 7, 1995
|Nov 5, 1996
|General Electric Company
|Method and apparatus for remotely calibrating a phased array system used for satellite communication
|May 20, 1996
|Jun 23, 1998
|Raytheon E-Systems, Inc.
|Adaptive antenna system and method for cellular and personal communication systems
|Jan 8, 1998
|Jul 20, 1999
|Lucent Technologies
|Steerable nulling of wideband interference signals
|Dec 31, 1997
|Aug 22, 2000
|Lucent Technologies, Inc.
|Interference rejection by means of null-space transformations
|Nov 6, 1997
|Aug 29, 2000
|Teratech Corporation
|Multi-dimensional beamforming device
|Jun 28, 1997
|Feb 13, 2001
|Sas Technologies Co., Ltd.
|Signal processing method utilizing an eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of an autocorrelation matrix of received signals for an antenna array system
|May 5, 2003
|Aug 31, 2004
|Tia Mobile, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for GPS signal receiving that employs a frequency-division-multiplexed phased array communication mechanism
|Nov 19, 2001
|Feb 15, 2005
|Tensorcomm, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for implementing projections in singal processing applications
|Dec 22, 2000
|Dec 13, 2005
|Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique
|Interference suppression in CDMA systems
|Nov 3, 2003
|Aug 29, 2006
|Vivato, Inc.
|Complementary beamforming methods and apparatuses
|Mar 19, 2004
|Oct 5, 2006
|Richardson Peter G
|Time delay beamformer and method of time delay beamforming
|U.S. Appl. No. 10/762,249, Minkoff.
|U.S. Appl. No. 10/850,443, Minkoff.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 6, 2009
|Mar 27, 2012
|Exelis Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for adaptively determining angles of arrival of signals
|Dec 30, 2014
|Aug 11, 2015
|Propagation Research Associates, Inc.
|Using orthogonal space projections to generate a constant false alarm rate control parameter
|Apr 26, 2013
|Dec 15, 2015
|Propagation Research Associates, Inc.
|Method and system for using orthogonal space projections to mitigate interference
|Feb 25, 2008
|Feb 16, 2016
|Checkpoint Systems, Inc.
|Localizing tagged assets using modulated backscatter
|Jan 15, 2013
|Jul 26, 2016
|Propagation Research Associates, Inc.
|Methods and systems for mitigating signal interference
|May 29, 2007
|Dec 13, 2007
|Bitwave Pte Ltd
|Wireless Hybrid Headset
|Feb 25, 2008
|Aug 27, 2009
|Wirama Corporation
|Localizing tagged assets using modulated backscatter
|Jun 27, 2008
|Dec 31, 2009
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Receiving and processing data
|U.S. Classification
|342/379, 342/375, 342/357.59
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 12, 2005
Owner name: ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES, INC., DELAWARE
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Effective date: 20050811
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Owner name: EXELIS INC., VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES LLC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS ITT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES, INC.);REEL/FRAME:027870/0451
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...milieu not as a poet but as an art critic with his reviews of the Salons of 1845 and 1846. Inspired by the example of the Romantic painter Eugène Delacroix, he elaborated in his Salons a wide-ranging theory of modern painting, with painters being urged to celebrate and express the "heroism of modern life." In January 1847 Baudelaire published a novella...


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Karting Leeds, Yorkshire
With different events to suit both novice and expert drivers, this circuit is the perfect place to test your driving skills and enjoy the thrill and excitement of indoor karting.
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"Excellently organised and brilliantly planned course! We had an amazing half an hour both of us determined to be the best! Great fun - we will be back!"
"We were visiting Leeds and this venue for part of a stag weekend, the staff were extremely helpful and made our experience really enjoyable. The karts were superb and the track one of the best we have been to. All in all the whole group couldn't have asked for anymore and we would definitely recommend this venue to groups looking to have a great karting experience. "
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Located just off the A65 between Leeds and Bradford, this circuit is easily accessible from Yorkshire, the North East of England and beyond.
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Students in Kindergarten through 8th grade took the Stanford Achievement test in March of this year. We are proud to say that the East Lake students have averaged in the top 10% nationwide.
The teachers, administration and staff take the time to get to know each child through our daily interactions with them. By getting to know them and learning how they best receive and share information, is key in motivating them. Once motivated, we provide them with the tools they need to apply the lessons learned in the classroom. When we invest our time and energy in getting to know our students, it leads to an environment that fosters growth, and a sense of security and love. When the students are valued, empowered, and encouraged, they thrive and are willing to do more than what they even expect from themselves. Teachers are encouraged by the administration to be masters of their curriculum, managers of their classrooms, collaborators with the parents, and advocates for the children. As administration, our goal is to make sure that the teachers stay on track, in timing and content. Just like the teachers are to their students, we take the time to get to know our teachers. We take the time to know how we can best support them. There's a team that works behind each child and a genuine partnership that exists between colleagues. Our mutual respect for each other and the consistent collaboration leads to a student body who does well all around – socially, behaviorally, and in the case of our Stanford testing results, academically.


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by Houston_Astro [OP] » October 24th 2008, 4:42am
by timelessbeing » October 24th 2008, 5:27am
by Big_kid » October 25th 2008, 10:50pm
by Mat Mobile » October 27th 2008, 1:45am
by Matrixx » October 27th 2008, 3:32am
by SSAstro » October 29th 2008, 12:46am
by PJorgen » August 27th 2012, 8:17pm
by redfury » August 27th 2012, 11:01pm
by Ragenme » August 27th 2012, 11:19pm
by tedanderson » August 28th 2012, 12:01am
by Rolling_Rock » August 28th 2012, 12:34am
by RECox286 » August 28th 2012, 12:41am
by chevymaher » August 28th 2012, 12:44am
by cowboydan » August 30th 2012, 4:50pm
by Lumpy » August 30th 2012, 5:19pm
by Bread Van » August 30th 2012, 6:18pm
by chevymaher » August 30th 2012, 6:33pm
by RECox286 » August 30th 2012, 6:36pm
chevymaher wrote:Actually that is why chrysler had left hand and right hand lug nuts. One side stays tight from rotational forces as the tire turns. The other loosened. So they changed the thread direction on one side so they all would tend to tighten.
Clean threads are the best. With slight lubrication. Follow me here.
Any force used to turn the lug. Be it rust, stripped/warped threads, or just dry. That force is subtracted from the torque needed to press the lug against the rim, and the clamping force is reduced.
If it is taking 10 lbs to turn the lugnut. Then that is 10 lbs not being applied to the wheel.
Or what uncle Bob just said.
by Lumpy » September 3rd 2012, 8:10am
RECox286 wrote:
... you will be able to feel the torque that the gun is giving you, once you get a "feel" for it. Most "old" mechanics will agree with me...
by chevymaher » September 3rd 2012, 11:16am
Lumpy wrote:RECox286 wrote:
... you will be able to feel the torque that the gun is giving you, once you get a "feel" for it. Most "old" mechanics will agree with me...
I've heard all my life about old mechanics that can "feel" a certain torque through a gun.
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Petchburi Restaurants
Where and What to Eat in Petchburi
Petchburi is more well-known for its line up of street-side cuisine and budget eateries than gourmet restaurants with trendy interior decor. A busy business area by day, it turns into a seedy nightlife zone after sundown, with a range of massage parlours, karaoke bars and comedy clubs tucked inside the sois (lanes) and lining the main street. Catering to these night owls, most restaurants open late in the evening and, in the case of street stalls, stay open until dawn.
- Private Grand Palace, Emerald Buddha & Reclining Buddha Morning Tour
- Damnoen Saduak Floating Market Tour
- Banyan Tree's Apsara Dinner Cruise
- Calypso Cabaret Show
- Thonburi Klongs & Grand Palace Morning Excursion
- Ayutthaya Ancient Capital Tour with River Cruise
- Siam Niramit Show
- Sea Life Bangkok Ocean World with Private Roundtrip Transportation
- Bridge on the River Kwai & Historic Railway Tour
- Dream World Excursion with Roundtrip Transfer
Iata Chinese Restaurant
This 40-year-old institution is known among the 'in' crowd as the best Chinese restaurant in Bangkok. It doesn't bother advertising itself but enjoys a steady stream of loyal fans, particularly older generation Thais of Chinese descent. Expect the Chinese banquet style menu, from cold/hot hors d'oeuvres to Peking duck, beef hot plate, Roasted Goose Feet in Clay Pot and Deep fried pigeon with Chinese wine. A range of rice dishes served in earthen clay pots are also very tasty, and don't forget to leave some room for desserts, such as the classic crispy thin pancake with Chinese date filling.
- Opening Hours: 16:00 - 02.00 (Mon-Sat), 11:00 - 02.00 (Sun and holidays)
- Location: Opposite RCA, on New Petch Buri Road (near Ital-Thai building)
- Tel: +66 (0)2 718 1730 to 2
- Cuisine: Chinese
Kobe Steakhouse
This legendary Japanese Teppanyaki restaurant, one of Bangkok's very first, has moved from its previous location in Siam Square to its present location on Petchburi Road. Decked out in contemporary Japanese style, the restaurant is famous for its mouthwatering Teppanyaki-style steak, whipped up in a flash at the cooking station by skilled chefs. Choose from a selection of imported beef, from Kobe all the way to the USA as well as local beef steak, saba steak and salmon steak. The menu extends to Japanese-style hotpots like sukiyaki and shabu shabu as well as a good range of sashimi and sushi. Private rooms are available, although with additional charges.
- Opening Hours: 11.30-23.00
- Location: 156/21 Petchburi Road (opposite Siam Commerical Bank, Petchburi branch)
- Tel: +66 (0)2 611 1978, +66 (0)2 611 1138, +66 (0)2 216 0143, +66 (0)2 611 1001
- Cuisine: Japanese Teppanyaki


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I am only taking 2 Minocycline tablets a day for the first week, then switching to one a day. My doctor says it would take about 4 tablets a day to even affect my birth control, but I want to make sure. Should I worry about possibly getting pregnant while taking a low dose of antibiotic while I am on birth control?
I am taking Ocella, and been prescribed Minocycline (acne antibiotic) at the same time. See below?
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There is an interaction which suggests that minocycline can impair the effectiveness of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. The risk appears to be small, and with a low dose of minocycline that risk would become even smaller.
The risk may be the greatest during the initial weeks of minocycline therapy - so if you are not prepared to take the risk (however small) you can always use a back-up form of birth control.
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James George Dunn
I am a digital designer. I mainly design websites but lately it has been moving into app design also. I have always had a passion for typography and I feel this shows through my commercial work. My typography blog, Type for Now, displays the latest updates in typography from around the world.


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Available for Winter Rental Through Mar 31- 2-BR/2-Bath Gulffront - Free Wifi/Hd
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