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Levels of potassium, uranium, thorium and rate of radiogenic heat production in the bedrock adjacent to Camamu and Almada sedimentary basins, Bahia, Brazil
The bedrock adjacent to Camamu and Almada sedimentary basins is characterized mainly by rocks of granulite and amphibolite facies, with archaean and paleoproterozoic ages, which belong to orogen Itabuna-Salvador-Curaca. The units in major proportion in this context are the metatonalites associated with basic and metamonzonites belonging to Itabuna belt. In smaller area occur the Teolandia granite and the Moenda granodiorite associated with the Ipiau band amphibolites, the charnockites and charnoenderbites of Jequie bloc, the neoproterozoic sienites and the mafic dikes. The K, U and Th contents of the rocks vary from 0,02 to 6,33% for K, from -3. The coverage areas of such lithologies are, however, small compared with that of the metatonalitic granulites, metamonzonitic granulites and sienites where the rates vary from 0,10 to 1,44 μW m-3, 0,23 to 5,55 μW m-3 and 0,60 to 2,24 μW m-3, respectively. In this case, the heat production rates vary from 0,10 to 1,44 μW m-3. The basic granulites have the smaller rates, from 0,06 to 0,36 μW m-3. The observation of the lithologies in the margins of the two basins suggest that, in the bedrock under the younger sediments, may predominate the metatonalites, followed by the metamonzonites, with some significant participation of sienites in the Almada basin. In those lithologies, the volumetric heat production rates, with one standard deviation range, are 0,41 +- 0,30 μW m-3 for metatonalites, 0,71 +- 0,57 μW m-3 for metamonzonites and 1,20 +- 0,51 μW m-3 for sienites. (author)
Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) approach in cases of relationship between the oil industries with fishing communities: the case of El Paso in the Basin of Camamu, Almada, Bahia, Brazil; Abordagem do Diagnostico Rapido Participativo (DRP) em processos de relacionamento entre a industria petrolifera e as comunidades pesqueiras: o caso da El Paso na Bacia de Camamu, Almada, Bahia, Brasil
Diogo, Hugo; Figueira, Luciara; Prysthon, Adriano; Pinho, Milena; Link, Monica [SOMA Solucoes em Meio Ambiente Ltda., Curitiba, PR (Brazil); Ribeiro, Fatima [El Paso Oleo e Gas do Brasil Ltda., Natal, RN (Brazil); Ortiz, Marcos [Com Junto Ltda. (Brazil)
This article is based on an assessment that indicates the low effectiveness of the actions and programmes of social responsibility to the less impact than in business and should not build the value they expected. Focussing on this issue in cases of relationship between oil and gas companies with fishing communities, the scene of conflict is chronic and there is a fragile relationship in terms of confidence. It has been further that the approaches and methods commonly used are not properly aligned to the realities and characteristics of artisanal fisheries. In this context, we present an innovative process of relationship between the company El Paso Oil and Gas of Brazil and fishing communities in the region of Baixo-Sul, Bahia. The strategy used effectively consolidated the relationship of confidence between the company and the fishing communities around the area of exploration, rescuing the self-esteem, alleviate the marginalisation and making visible a productive sector of extreme importance. Furthermore, the capabilities and skills, both communities as the government and other companies to take more solid and ongoing commitments in the process of co-management require specific efforts in the strengthening of an institutional arrangement and the formation of social capital to continue advancing in concept work. (author)
Levels of potassium, uranium, thorium and rate of radiogenic heat production in the bedrock adjacent to Camamu and Almada sedimentary basins, Bahia, Brazil; Teores de potassio, uranio, torio e taxa de producao de calor radiogenico no embasamento adjacente as bacias sedimentares de Camamu e Almada, Bahia, Brasil
Sapucaia, Najara Santos; Barbosa, Johildo Salomao Figueiredo [Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil); Argollo, Roberto Max de, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear Aplicada, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil)
The bedrock adjacent to Camamu and Almada sedimentary basins is characterized mainly by rocks of granulite and amphibolite facies, with archaean and paleoproterozoic ages, which belong to orogen Itabuna-Salvador-Curaca. The units in major proportion in this context are the metatonalites associated with basic and metamonzonites belonging to Itabuna belt. In smaller area occur the Teolandia granite and the Moenda granodiorite associated with the Ipiau band amphibolites, the charnockites and charnoenderbites of Jequie bloc, the neoproterozoic sienites and the mafic dikes. The K, U and Th contents of the rocks vary from 0,02 to 6,33% for K, from < 0,2 to 9,10 ppm for U and from < 0,4 to 64,38 ppm for Th. These contents are higher in the charnockites, Moenda granodiorite, Teolandia granite and sienites, intermediate in the metatonalites and metamonzonites and lower in the basic granulites. The heat production rates are higher in the lithologies where K, U and Th are also higher, varying from 0,58 to 5,57 {mu}W m{sup -3}. The coverage areas of such lithologies are, however, small compared with that of the metatonalitic granulites, metamonzonitic granulites and sienites where the rates vary from 0,10 to 1,44 {mu}W m{sup -3}, 0,23 to 5,55 {mu}W m{sup -3} and 0,60 to 2,24 {mu}W m{sup -3}, respectively. In this case, the heat production rates vary from 0,10 to 1,44 {mu}W m{sup -3}. The basic granulites have the smaller rates, from 0,06 to 0,36 {mu}W m-3. The observation of the lithologies in the margins of the two basins suggest that, in the bedrock under the younger sediments, may predominate the metatonalites, followed by the metamonzonites, with some significant participation of sienites in the Almada basin. In those lithologies, the volumetric heat production rates, with one standard deviation range, are 0,41 +- 0,30 {mu}W m{sup -3} for metatonalites, 0,71 +- 0,57 {mu}W m{sup -3} for metamonzonites and 1,20 +- 0,51 {mu}W m{sup -3} for sienites. (author)
Huanglongbing Surveillance Program Actions in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Silva, S. X.B.; Andrade, E. C.; Nascimento, A. S.; Barbosa, C. J.; Girardi, E. A.; Astúa, J. F.; Laranjeira, F. F.
Huanglongbing (HLB) is found in South/Southeastern states of Brazil, but citrus is grown all over the country. For that reason, surveillance procedures should be carried out frequently and contingency plans developed. This study reports the actions of the State Bureau of Agricultural Defense of Bahia (ADAB), for a commercial orchard in Bom Jesus da Lapa (state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil) suspected of having HLB symptomatic plants. Besides having a Contingency Plan, a protocol that establis...
Eschar-associated Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis, Bahia, Brazil
Silva, Nanci; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Rozental, Tatiana; Ribeiro, Guilherme S.; Paddock, Christopher D.; Ramos, Eduardo Antonio G.; Favacho, Alexsandra R.M.; Reis, Mitermayer G.; Dasch, Gregory A.; Elba R.S. Lemos; Ko, Albert I.
In Brazil, Brazilian spotted fever was once considered the only tick-borne rickettsial disease. We report eschar-associated rickettsial disease that occurred after a tick bite. The etiologic agent is most related to Rickettsia parkeri, R. africae, and R. sibirica and probably widely distributed from São Paulo to Bahia in the Atlantic Forest.
A new species of Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae) from southern Bahia, Brazil
Matos, Fernando B.; Smith, Alan R.; Labiak, Paulo H.
A new species, Thelypteris beckeriana (Thelypteridaceae), is here described. It belongs to subgenus Goniopteris because of the presence of forked and stellate hairs on some parts of its blades. It is a narrow endemic to the Atlantic Rain Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. A complete description, illustrations, and comparisons with the most similar species are provided.
New species of Cyclodontina from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Odontostomidae
Rodrigo B. Salvador
Full Text Available A new species of pulmonate snail was recently collected in a small forest fragment in the city of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Bahia state, Brazil. Bahia is known for a high diversity of land snails and Bom Jesus da Lapa is an interesting locality, since it is close to the interface between two major Brazilian biomes: Cerrado and Caatinga. The new species is described as Cyclodontina tapuia sp. nov. and can be easily identified by its brown shell, conical spire, convex whorls, a sculpture comprised of strong ribs, and an aperture with four barriers: a median parietal tooth, a median palatal tooth, a median basal tooth and a strong columellar lamella. This discovery is also a reminder of how little the Brazilian continental molluscan fauna is known and of the urgency in studying and preserving the rich (though usually overlooked fauna of the Caatinga.
[Retrospective study on Latrodectus stings in Bahia, Brazil].
Lira-da-Silva, R M; Matos, G B; Sampaio, R O; Nunes, T B
This work is a retrospective study of latrodectism in the State of Bahia, Brazil, from August 1980 to July 1990. The data concerning the accidents were obtained from file cards at the Antivenom Information Center of Bahia (AVICB). Latrodectus curacavienis was the ethiologic agent identified in 28% of the arachnid accidents. The major incidence was registered in urban area (57%) affecting men (70%) more than women, with 10 to 29 year-old age group (58%). Local pain (56%), erythematous papula (29%) and light oedema (17%) were the principal local symptoms. Pain in the limbs (29%), tremor and rigidities (29%), sweating (28%), limbs and arms paresthesia (21%) and abdominal pain (17%) were systemic ones. The treatment was mainly symptomatic (67%) and antivenin serum was used in 21% of the cases. After serotherapy, 64% of the patients left the hospital within less than 24 hours. PMID:7480914
Screening for Structural Hemoglobin Variants in Bahia, Brazil
Wellington Santos Silva
Full Text Available Brazil was the country that received the largest number of Africans during the time of colonization, and Bahia was the Brazilian state that received the largest number of slaves from Africa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coverage of the newborn screening program for sickle cell disease in the Recôncavo Baiano region of the state of Bahia, and to show the frequency of the subjects with hemoglobin variants in the 2006–2009 period. Blood samples from neonates in twelve cities in the Recôncavo Baiano region were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. A total of 16,402 children were born in this period, 14,773 of which underwent newborn screening. In this period 1416 children were born carrying hemoglobin variants HbS and HbC. Forty-seven patients—20 HbSS genotype and 27 HbSC genotype—were diagnosed in eleven of the twelve cities surveyed. The proportion of children born with sickle cell disease in the Recôncavo Baiano region was 1/314, which was higher than the 1/650 rate for the state of Bahia. The data presented in this study confirm the high frequency of sickle cell disease in Recôncavo Baiano, demonstrating the need to create a referral center for the care of patients with sickle cell diseases in the region.
Documenting Architectural Heritage in Bahia, Brazil, Using Spherical Photogrammetry
De Amorim, A. L.; Fangi, G.; Malinverni, E. S.
The Cultural Heritage disappears at a rate higher than we are able, not only, to restore but also to document: human and natural factors, negligence or worst, deliberate demolitions put in danger the collective Architectural Heritage (AH). According to CIPA statements, the recording is important and has to follow some guidelines. The Architectural and Urban Heritage data have to be historically related, critically assessed and analyzed, before to be organized according to a thematic structure and become available for further uses. This paper shows the experiences developed by the Laboratory of Computer Graphics applied to Architecture and Design (LCAD), at the Architecture School of the Federal University of Bahia (FAUFBA), Brazil, in cooperation with the Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM, DICEA Department), Italy, in documenting architectural heritage. The research set up now has been carried out in the historical sites of Bahia, as Pelourinho neighborhood, a World Heritage by UNESCO. Other historical sites are in the plan of this survey, like the cities of Lençóis and Mucugê in Chapada Diamantina region. The aim is to build a technological platform based on low cost digital technologies and open source tools, such as Panoramic Spherical Photogrammetry, Spatial Database, Geographic Information Systems, Three-dimensional Geometric Modeling, CAD technology, for the collection, validation and dissemination of AH.
Distribution of Cs137 in soils from Bahia state, Brazil
A high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry method was developed in order to study the distribution of Cs137 in topsoils of State of Bahia (Brazil). The results has shown concentrations varying between 0.6 and 6.0 nCi/m2. Correlation of the Cs137 concentration with environmental and ohysico-chemical parameters has shown a tendency for greatest accumulation in soils with regions of greatest precipitation rates: 2.0 nCi/m2, on the average, for regions with 700mm to 1,000 mm/year and 2.8 nCi/m2, on the average, in regions with 1,700 mm to 2,000 mm/year. On the other hand, an anti-correlation between this radionuclide and both calcium and clay content, for soils of similar type and under similar climatic conditions is seen. (C.D.G.)
Hemoglobinopathies in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Northeast Brazil
Adorno Elisângela Vitória
Full Text Available Hemoglobinopathies are hereditary disorders of the hemoglobin molecule with a high prevalence worldwide. Brazil has a prevalence of 0.1 to 0.3% of newborns with sickle cell anemia and 20.0 to 25.0% of heterozygous alpha2 thalassemia among African Brazilians. In the present study, we investigated the presence of variant hemoglobins and alpha2(3.7 Kb and alpha2(4.2 Kb thalassemia in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Samples of umbilical cord blood from a total of 590 newborns were analyzed, of which 57 (9.8% were FAS; 36 (6.5% FAC; one (0.2% SF; and five (0.9% FSC. One hundred fourteen (22.2% newborns had alpha2(3.7 Kb thalassemia, of whom 101 (19.7% were heterozygous and 13 (2.5% homozygous, showing statistical significance for hematological data between newborns with normal alpha genes and alpha2(3.7 Kb thalassemia carriers. The alpha2(4.2 Kb thalassemia was not found. Frequencies found in the present study confirm that hemoglobinopathies are a public health problem in Brazil, emphasizing the need for neonatal screening and genetic counseling programs.
Estimating the Economic Impact of an Eventual Introduction of Huanglongbing (HLB) in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Oliveira, J. M.C.; Silva, S. X.B.; Nascimento, A. S.; Miranda, S. H.G.; Barbosa, C. J.; Laranjeira, F. F.
Bahia is the second most important citrus region in Brazil, accounting for 5.5% of Brazilian production. 80% of this production comes from family based farms, which depend on this crop for economic support. Huanglongbing (HLB) was never recorded in Bahia, but is already spreading in three other citrus-producing states of the country, one of which borders the state of Bahia. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the potential economic impact resulting from an eventual introduction of HLB in Bahia...
Pequena angular : Almada em relance
Celina Silva
Full Text Available Reading of the literary work of Almada Negreiros concerning its constantly changing procedures, and focusing the major examples of its writing in order to underline the fundamental unity of its creative nucleus which lies in an experimental practice. This author's writings show the main literary practice created around Orpheu (1915, portuguese vanguard movement, by activating the linguistic and literary codes in order to renew the paradigms. Later Almada's work adopts a quite different record on which modernity and tradition dialogue in a critical and original way. This particular attitude and style was called by Almada Naivety.
The Tinhare-Boipeba-Camamu reefs, Bahia, Brazil; Os recifes de Tinhare-Boipeba-Camamu, Bahia, Brasil
Kikuchi, Ruy K.P.; Oliveira, Marilia D.M.; Leao, Zelinda M.A.N. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil); Silva, Rafael M. [AguaViva (Brazil); Martins, Pedro M.R. [El Paso Oleo e Gas, Natal, RN (Brazil)
The coastal zone and continental shelf along Morro de Sao Paulo to Itacare, despite having a great quantity of reefs, have only received a closer attention on this aspect in the last 5 years. Until then, there was only one scientific reference published by Charles F. Hartti, more than a century ago, in his work Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil. The beginning of petroleum exploration in Camamu-Almada Basin demanded a great effort to enhance knowledge of the reef ecosystem in the area. The assessments developed by El Paso since 2002, used visual censuses in band and line intercept transects, organized in the AGRRA and PETRORISCO protocols. Nowadays we have a detailed digital map of the reefs, as part of a GIS, containing information about reef vitality, that include reefs attached to the coast and reef Banks of the region in the vicinity of Pratigi, once known only to fishermen. This article presents a overview of the reefs mapped and its vitality described up to now. (author)
Market study of pipe gas for the Bahia State, Brazil
The energy market that will be conquered by the natural gas in Bahia State is identified, allowing measure the potentiality of gas industry and the gas supply, that the State will plead to the Federal Government. (C.G.C.)
Pouzolzia saxophila sp. nov. (Urticaceae tribe Boehmerieae) from Bahia, Brazil
Wilmot-Dear, Christine Melanie; Friis, Ib; Monro, Alex K.
xerophytic scrub vegetation on rocky outcrops in the Boa Nova National Park, Bahia, Brazil. The new species is somewhat similar to P. pringlei, a Mexican endemic, and to P. amambaiensis from the Brazil–Paraguay border, but also to the widespread Asiatic P. zeylanica. However, the similarities with these...
Religion and Architecture: Designing a temple of Candomble in Salvador Bahia, Brazil
Robles, Joaquin G.
My thesis aims to create a place of worship for the people of the neighborhood of Plataforma, located in Salvador Bahia, Brazil. Candomble was introduced to Brazil during times of slavery and is the root of Afro-Brazilian culture. In the chaotic world of favelas (Portuguese for slums) the religion of Candomble brings people together and gives order to the community. The neighborhood's current temple also functions as the local priest's home. As an area of low socioeconomic status, Plataf...
Study on Brazil law type twinning in amethyst from Bahia (Brazil) by the X-ray topography and polarized light
Brazil law type twinning is very common in quartz. Generally is not observed in normal petrographic thin section but it is possible to study this kind of twinning under polarized light in thicker sections. X-ray topography will be another powerfull method to study and it was applied for the amethytst of the Mina Cabeluda of the state of Bahia. (author)
Clinical tomographic correlations of 220 patients with neurocisticercosis, Bahia, Brazil
Antônio de Souza Andrade-Filho; Luiz Frederico da Silva Figuerôa; Victor Mascarenhas Andrade-Souza
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic disease in our region, presenting diversity of neurological symptoms and signs. The present study has as primary objective an evaluation of the NCC's clinical and epidemiological profile within Bahia State, by means of a prospective study of 220 patients diagnosed from March 1988 to March 1999, with a follow-up of six months. Exams, such as Computed Cranial Tomography Scan (CT), Cerebral Spine Fluid (CSF) and Electroencephalogram (EEG), were acco...
Evaluation of Forest Fire Danger Indexes for Eucalypt Plantations in Bahia, Brazil
Larissa Alves Secundo White; Benjamin Leonardo Alves White; Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro
A Forest Fire Danger Index is a valuable tool in forest fire prevention and firefight because it grades fire occurrence possibility on a daily basis. Six Fire Danger Indexes were tested for accuracy based on forest fire occurrence in eucalyptus plantations of the north coast of Bahia, Brazil. They are Angstron, Nesterov, Telicyn Logarithmic Index, Monte Alegre, Rodríguez and Moretti, and Modified Monte Alegre. The results were analyzed using two parameters of the Heidke Skill Score test: Skil...
Validation of a food frequency questionnaire designed for adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Jean Márcia Oliveira MASCARENHAS; Rita de Cássia Ribeiro SILVA; Maria Ester Pereira Conceição MACHADO; SANTOS, Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles; Marchioni, Dirce Maria Lobo; Barreto, Maurício Lima
Objective: This study assessed the validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire used to assess food intake in adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Seventy adolescents enrolled in public schools aged 11 to 17 years participated in this study. The dietary intake of the adolescents was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the mean value of three-day food record, used as the reference method. The mean (and standard deviation) energy and nutrient intakes estimated from th...
Alejandro Esteweson Santos Faustino da Costa; Sigrid Neumann-Leitão; Fabiano Lopes Thompson; Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo; Jana Ribeiro de Santana
The tintinnid community in the region of Abrolhos (Bahia, Brazil) was studied during February 2012. We hypothesized that the tintinnid community structure varies significantly over a short temporal scale (photoperiod), as well as spatially over a short scale (on and away from the reefs), and a broad scale (distance of the reef area from the coast). Three areas in Abrolhos were studied. Two sampling points were delimited in each area, where the tintinnids were collected by horizontal subsurfac...
Ethnotaxonomy of birds by the inhabitants of Pedra Branca Village, Santa Teresinha municipality, Bahia state, Brazil
Galvagne Loss, Ana Teresa; Costa Neto, Eraldo Medeiros; Machado, Caio Graco; Flores, Fernando Moreira
Background Studies on popular names of birds help to understand the relationship between human beings and birds and it also contributes to the field of ornithology. Methods This study aims to register the ethnotaxonomy of birds in the village of Pedra Branca, Santa Teresinha municipality, Bahia State, Brazil, by cataloguing and identifying their popular names, besides understanding the ethnoclassification system of local bird species. The ethno-ornithological data were obtained by means of se...
Clinical tomographic correlations of 220 patients with neurocisticercosis, Bahia, Brazil.
Andrade-Filho, Antônio de Souza; Figuerôa, Luiz Frederico da Silva; Andrade-Souza, Victor Mascarenhas
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic disease in our region, presenting diversity of neurological symptoms and signs. The present study has as primary objective an evaluation of the NCC's clinical and epidemiological profile within Bahia State, by means of a prospective study of 220 patients diagnosed from March 1988 to March 1999, with a follow-up of six months. Exams, such as Computed Cranial Tomography Scan (CT), Cerebral Spine Fluid (CSF) and Electroencephalogram (EEG), were accomplished in three distinct moments of these patients' evolution: at starting or diagnostic point (zero time), at after-intervention period (one month after treatment), and at control period (six months after treatment). PMID:17625739
Clinical tomographic correlations of 220 patients with neurocisticercosis, Bahia, Brazil
Antônio de Souza Andrade-Filho
Full Text Available Neurocysticercosis (NCC is a common parasitic disease in our region, presenting diversity of neurological symptoms and signs. The present study has as primary objective an evaluation of the NCC's clinical and epidemiological profile within Bahia State, by means of a prospective study of 220 patients diagnosed from March 1988 to March 1999, with a follow-up of six months. Exams, such as Computed Cranial Tomography Scan (CT, Cerebral Spine Fluid (CSF and Electroencephalogram (EEG, were accomplished in three distinct moments of these patients' evolution: at starting or diagnostic point (zero time, at after-intervention period (one month after treatment, and at control period (six months after treatment.
Envenenamento por Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones; Buthidae no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Envenomation by Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones; Buthidae in Bahia, Brazil
Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva
Full Text Available A presente investigação é um estudo descritivo dos aspectos clínicos dos acidentes causados pelo escorpião Tityus stigmurus no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Foram analisados 237 casos confirmados, tratados pelo Centro de Informações Antiveneno da Bahia (CIAVE, no período de 1982-1995. O envenenamento por T. stigmurus caracterizou-se por manifestações locais: dor (94,4%, dormência (30%, edema (17,8%, eritema (17,8% e parestesia (15,6% e gerais: cefaléia (14%, vômitos (4,4% e sudorese (3,3%. A maioria dos envenenamentos (94% foi leve e todos evoluíram para cura. A ausência de letalidade, com o restabelecimento dos pacientes, inclusive casos graves, sugere a eficácia do tratamento com o antiveneno específico, apesar do veneno desta espécie não estar presente no pool de produção nacional do soro. Há necessidade de revisão dos critérios regionais nos esquemas atuais de soroterapia. Os dados apontam para a semelhança da gravidade do envenenamento por T. serrulatus, com exceção da ocorrência de óbitos e complicações sistêmicas.The present investigation is a descriptive study regarding the clinical aspects of accidents caused by the scorpion Tityus stigmurus in Bahia, Brazil. We analyzed 237 confirmed cases treated by the Antivenom Information Centre (CIAVE from 1982 to 1995. Envenomation by T. stigmurus was mainly characterized by local symptoms: pain (94.4%, dormancy (30.0%, edema (17.8%, erythema (17.8, paresthesia (15.6% and general manifestations such as headache (4.4%, vomiting (4.4% and sudoresis (3.3%. Most of the envenomation cases were mild (94% and all were successfully cured. Although T. stigmurus venom is not in the pool of anti-venom serum (SAE, the absence of lethality and benign nature of the cases suggest the efficiency of SAE. With the exception of deaths and systemic complications, envenoming gravity was similar to those of Tityus serrulatus.
Industrial radiography in the State of Bahia, Brazil The health protection of workers
Andrade, A E O D
This study aimed to identify the Regulatory and Inspection Authority for actions developed by industrial radiography enterprises in the State of Bahia, Brazil, concerning health protection of workers exposed to ionizing radiation in industry. Institutions which legislate about this matter at international, national and State level were identified. These legislations were analysed according to recommendations by the Basic Safety Standards from the Atomic Energy International Agency. Medical Supervision is proposed as a factor to warrant protection to worker's health. This is a service evaluation study, encompassing results, processes and structural components. Emphasis is given to the process component which investigated the adequacy of which is performed by employees and workers. Five enterprises which provide industrial radiography services in the State of Bahia were identified, employing forty workers on a temporary basis. This study also observed: intense workforce, a complete process of contracting out in...
Geochemical evaluation of marginal basins in the south of Bahia state, Brazil
Geochemical analyses were performed on more than 700 rock samples and 4 oil samples, from Mucuri, Cumuruxatiba and Jequitinhonha basins, offshore Bahia state, Brazil. The methods employed in this study includes the evaluation of organic carbon contents, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance, carbon isotopes, assessment of oils and extrats by liquid and gas chromatography and gas chromatography - spectrometry. Three main source rock systems have been identified in offshore Bahia: the Mucuri shales from Rio da Serra and Aratu Stages lower Neocomian related to a lacustrine fresh water environment; the Jiquia shales (Upper Neocomian) deposited in a lacustrine saline water environment, and the Alagoas Shales related to an evaporitic environment of Aptian age. (author)
Critical analysis of the PETROBRAS monopoly end - particularities of the Bahia state, Brazil; Uma analise critica do fim do monopolio da PETROBRAS - particularidades para o Estado da Bahia
Cerqueira, Alexandre B.; Ribeiro, Bradson F. [Bahia Univ., Salvador, BA (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Quimica. Curso de Especializacao em Engenharia do Gas Natural; Rocha, Georges S. [Centro Federal de Tecnologia da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil)
The Agencia Nacional de Petroleo - ANP - created in 1997 by the petroleum law has the role of regulating oil and natural gas industry activities in Brazil inciting the power self-sufficiency. The petroleum law states the end of petroleum exploration monopoly in Brazil performed by PETROBRAS. Between 1998 and 2004 ANP carried out six bid rounds in brazilian sedimentary basins offered to national and foreign companies. The exploratory activities in Bahia are resulting in commercial discoveries and positive impact to local economy. The petrochemical industry expects the startup of Manati field operation to supply repressed demand of natural gas as fuel and raw material. This article analyzes the legal and institutional processes and economics performances of these activities in Bahia's state. (author)
Metamorphism, metasomatism and mineralization at Lagoa Real, Bahia, Brazil
Uranium deposits cumulatively in the 100,000 tonne U3 O8 range occur within ductile shear zones transecting Archean basement gneisses of the Sao Francisco Craton, at the Lagoa Real region of south-central Bahia, Brasil. The gneisses, dated at 2.6-3.0Ga, are at amphibolite and granulite facies and overlie to the west, the Proterozoic Espinhaco metasedimentary sequence along a thrust fault. Petrography and mineral chemistry show that in the zones of alteration/mineralization, the original K-feldspar + quartz + albite/oligoclase + hastingsite assemblage, is replaced by albite + aegirine - angite + andradite + hematite assemblages, with or without uraninite. This information along with oxygen isotope, whole rock geochemistry and fluid inclusion studies indicate that the alteration process involves removal of Si, K, Rb, Ba and addition of Na under oxidizing conditions. V, Pb and Sr were introduced along with U via interaction with saline SO2 - rich, isotopically light fluids under varying water/rock ratios and at temperatures of 500 - 5500C. 87Sr/86Sr systematics suggest that it is unlikely that Sr, and by extension uranium, were introduced by fluids originating from the basement gneisses. Geological constraints and the general alteration pattern are consistent with the release of the mineralizing fluids in response to the overloading of the basement rocks onto the Sedimentary Espinhaco via a thrust mechanism. (Author)
Echinodermata das praias de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil The Echinoderms of Salvador beaches (Bahia, Brazil
Orane Falcão de Souza Alves
Full Text Available This paper presents 28 species of Echinoderms collected on 5 beaches of Salvador (12º54' to 13º01' S and 38º26' to 38º33' W, Brazil, which are distributed in 19 families. Ophiuroidea represented 53,6% of the collected species, followed by Echinoidea (28,6%, Asteroidea (7,1%, Holothuroidea (7,1%, and Crinoidea (3,6%. Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea were the most frequent groups, occurring at all the studied beaches while Crinoidea occurred only on 20% of them. Most of the species are characterized as belonging to the tropical warm waters, some to the shallow coastal areas and some having a broad bathymetric distribution. The richness of species values on beaches ranged from 7 to 24, at Itapua Beach, and from 2 to 14 among different kinds of habitats, where protected ones showed higher values.
Spatial study of homicide rates in the state of Bahia, Brazil, 1996-2010
Tiago Oliveira de Souza
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE To analyze the spatial distribution of homicide mortality in the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS Ecological study of the 15 to 39-year old male population in the state of Bahia in the period 1996-2010. Data from the Mortality Information System, relating to homicide (X85-Y09 and population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. The existence of spatial correlation, the presence of clusters and critical areas of the event studied were analyzed using Moran's I Global and Local indices. RESULTS A non-random spatial pattern was observed in the distribution of rates, as was the presence of three clusters, the first in the north health district, the second in the eastern region, and the third cluster included townships in the south and the far south of Bahia. CONCLUSIONS The homicide mortality in the three different critical areas requires further studies that consider the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental characteristics in order to guide specific preventive and interventionist practices.
A nonbreeding concentration of Roseate and Common Terns in Bahia, Brazil
Hays, H.; Lima, P.; Monteiro, L.; DiConstanzo, J.; Cormons, G.; Nisbet, I.C.T.; Saliva, J.E.; Spendelow, J.A.; Burger, J.; Pierce, J.; Gochfeld, M.
We report recoveries of banded Roseate (Sterna dougallii) and Common (S. hirundo) Terns netted at Mangue Seco, Bahia, Brazil (11? 27'S, 37? 21'W). Mangue Seco is the first reported South American location where large numbers of Roseate Terns concentrate December-March, and where members of both the North American and Caribbean populations occur together during these months. A Roseate Tern recovered at Mangue Seco sets an age record of 25.6 years for the species. Recoveries at Mangue Seco of Common Terns banded in the Azores (37? -38?N, 25? -29?W) suggest there is a regular transatlantic movement by Common Terns between the two locations.
Education reform, race, and politics in Bahia, Brazil Reforma escolar, racismo y políticas locales en Bahia, Brasil Reforma educacional, racial e política na Bahia, Brasil
Bernd Reiter
This article discusses the main findings and conclusions from my field research evaluating education reform in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Data collection was done during two exploratory research trips to Salvador, the state capital, in 2001 and in 2005. The Bahian Education Reform, initiated by the state government in 1999 and funded to a great extent by the World Bank, has achieved some very significant goals, most importantly the expansion of high school education and the broadening of acc...
Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil.
Cavalcanti, Fernanda F; Menegola, Carla; Lanna, Emilio
Three new species of calcareous sponges from the coast of Bahia State, NE Brazil are described. All of them belong to the genus Paraleucilla (Calcaronea, Leucosolenida, Amphoriscidae): P. solangeae sp. nov., P. oca sp. nov., and P. incomposita sp. nov. The number of species recorded from the Bahia coast has thus increased from 10 to 13. Including these new species, there are now 50 calcareous sponge species known from the entire Brazilian coast. Paraleucilla is now composed of 11 species, six of them occurring along the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The remaining species occur mainly in the Indian Ocean, and also in the Pacific Ocean, Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. An identification key for all Paraleucilla species is provided. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Solange Peixinho, to acknowledge her contribution to our understanding of the biodiversity of Calcarea from the Bahia coast in Brazil. PMID:24870655
Spatial analysis of migrating Apis mellifera colonies in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Renato L. Jr. Sandes
Full Text Available Beekeeping in Brazil is growing but also associated with an increase in the number of human and animal accidents involved. In particular, bees of the Apis mellifera species (Africanized bees are known for their aggressive behaviour and frequent swarming activity due to their poor adaptation to the human environment. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of occurrences of migratory swarms of A. mellifera and recorded apicultural accidents in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The association of demographic and climatic variations on places where the swarms occurred was also evaluated. The study is based on data collected within the frame of the "SOS Bees", a project initiated for the protection of the environment and enforced by a special unit of the military police in Bahia. In the 3-year period from 2000 to 2003, 590 swarms were registered in 75 of the 98 zones of information of Salvador. Three cluster areas, representing 25.4% of all events, were identified. In that period, 316 apicultural accidents were registered involving humans and one involving dogs. The seasonal rise of the monthly average temperature showed an association with the increase of the number of swarming events.
Amphibians of Serra Bonita, southern Bahia: a new hotpoint within Brazil's Atlantic Forest hotspot.
Dias, Iuri Ribeiro; Medeiros, Tadeu Teixeira; Vila Nova, Marcos Ferreira; Solé, Mirco
We studied the amphibian community of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) Serra Bonita, an area of 20 km(2) with steep altitudinal gradients (200-950 m a.s.l.) located in the municipalities of Camacan and Pau-Brasil, southern Bahia State, Brazil. Data were obtained at 38 sampling sites (including ponds and transects within the forest and in streams), through active and visual and acoustic searches, pitfall traps, and opportunistic encounters. We recorded 80 amphibian species distributed in 15 families: Aromobatidae (1), Brachycephalidae (3), Bufonidae (4), Centrolenidae (2), Ceratophryidae (1), Craugastoridae (7), Eleutherodactylidae (2), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (42), Hylodidae (1), Leptodactylidae (7), Microhylidae (3), Siphonopidae (1), Odontophrynidae (3) and Pipidae (1). Species richness was positively correlated with monthly rainfall. Near 36% of the species were found in strictly forest environments, 15% are endemic to Bahia State and 77.2% are endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome. The large species diversity of this small area, the high degree of endemism and the taxonomic and biogeographic significance turn the Serra Bonita mountain into a hotpoint for amphibians within Brazil's Atlantic Forest hotspot. PMID:25408616
[Identification of schistosomiasis risk areas using spatial analysis in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia State, Brazil].
Cardim, Luciana Lobato; Ferraudo, Antonio Sergio; Pacheco, Selma Turrioni Azevedo; Reis, Renato Barbosa; Silva, Marta Mariana Nascimento; Carneiro, Deborah Daniela M Trabuco; Bavia, Maria Emilia
The spread of schistosomiasis mansoni defies efforts by Brazil's Unified National Health System, thus demonstrating the need to reassess endemic control programs in the country. The aim of this study was to demarcate geographic areas at risk of schistosomiasis in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia State, Brazil, and to establish the epidemiological and socioeconomic profile of the disease in this municipality (county). Kernel density estimator exploratory analysis was used for visual identification of areas at risk. Kulldorff & Nagarwalla's spatial analysis was used to obtain statistically significant clusters and to measure risk. These technologies identified four risk areas for schistosomiasis. Clusters identified within the risk areas were characterized by lower socioeconomic conditions. Multiple correspondence analyses showed a distinct profile for positive patients in the primary cluster. The techniques employed here represent an important methodological acquisition for tracking and controlling schistosomiasis in Lauro de Freitas. PMID:21655841
[Professional practices in public dental healthcare: case study of two municipal districts, Bahia State, Brazil].
Chaves, Sônia Cristina Lima; da Silva, Lígia Maria Vieira
This paper examines the working facilities and processes of dentists in the primary healthcare systems of two towns in Bahia State, Brazil, striving to analyze the extent to which factors related to dental care, training, placement and professional profiles influence their practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine dentists in both towns, with work process organization patterns in Municipality C being closer to the structuring principles of Brazil's National Health System than in Municipality E. This seems to be related to management characteristics, with networking links among individual, collective, and preventive clinical activities and planning noted in Municipality C. Despite these differences, the practitioners presented similarities in terms of dual militancy and perceptions of the public and private healthcare fields. The hegemony of the private sector seems to be influencing the professional practices of dentists in the public health system. PMID:18813506
Evaluation of umbu-caja germplasm in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Rogério Ritzinger
Full Text Available The umbu-caja is a tree native to the Northeastern region of Brazil, with promising perspectives of economicuse. Aiming to detect variability in the species, 43 umbu-caja genotypes were identified in 14 counties of the state of Bahia,Brazil. Fruits of these genotypes were collected for physical, chemical and physico-chemical analysis. The range of variationof all analyzed traits was large. Among genotypes, there was, however, predominance of pear-shaped to slightly pear-shapedfruits, fruit weight ranging from 15 g to 27 g, pulp/seed index around 2.0, total titratable acidity between 1.5 and 2.6%, totalsoluble solids between 9.0º and 14.0º Brix, and vitamin C content ranging from 3.6 to 16.4 mg ascorbic acid 100g pulp-1. Thepresence of seeds in genotypes ranged from 5 to 100 % of fruits without seeds.
Ecological interactions of sea sponges (Animalia, Porifera according to artisanal fishermen from Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil
Loyana Docio
Full Text Available This article represents the first ethnospongiological study in Brazil, and it aimed at recording artisanal fishermen's knowledge about sea sponges and their ecological interactions. The study was carried out in the Ilha do Contrato community at Camamu Bay, Bahia State, Brazil. The data were obtained by means of open-ended interviews and projective tests, and followed the usual techniques of ethnographic surveys. The interviewees had knowledge regarding ecological interactions among fish, sea sponges and sponge endofaunal composition. According to the results, there is some congruence between folk wisdom and scientific knowledge. The importance of integrating local knowledge into management and conservation plans designed for the Camamu Bay region, as well as the set of data on ecology of reef communities, should be considered.
First records of Zygnematales (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta for the state of Bahia, Brazil
Ivania Batista de Oliveira
Full Text Available This study presents the first taxonomic inventory of the order Zygnematales in the Litoral Norte Environmentally Protected Area, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Fifty samples of planktonic and periphytic material were collected, from lotic and lentic environments, during the summer (January-March and winter (June-August of 2009. We identified 18 taxa distributed among five genera (Cylindrocystis, Mougeotia, Netrium, Spirogyra, and Spirotaenia. Of those 18 taxa, eight were new additions to the Brazilian desmid flora: Mougeotia calcarea; Mougeotia elegantula; Spirogyra gracilis; Cylindrocystis crassa var. elliptica; Cylindrocystis brebissonii var. minor; Cylindrocystis brebissonii var. turgida; Netrium digitus var. parvum; and Netrium oblongum var. oblongum. The geographical distributions of ten taxa were extended to include northeastern Brazil.
Pitiose em ovinos nos estados de Pernambuco e Bahia Pythiosis in sheep from Pernambuco and Bahia States, Brazil
Manuel V. Carrera
wetlands. The disease is characterized mainly by granulomatous lesions in the hosts. The purpose of this study was to report the occurrence of pythiosis in sheep in the states of Pernambuco (PE and Bahia (BA, Northeastern Brazil, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of an immunotherapic against ovine pythiosis. Blood samples were collected from 53 sheep, 49 from flocks in counties located in PE and four from BA. Seven sheep showed clinical signs of ovine pythiosis; one of them was submitted to euthanasia and its head and submandibular lymph node was collected and sent for histopathologic and mycological analyses. Other six sheep were treated with an immunotherapic. During the treatment the animals were kept in the Sheep Industry Sector facilities at Univasf/Petrolina-PE. ELISA, fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR methods were used to confirm the diagnosis of clinical ovine pythiosis in the sheep flock. At microscopic examination of the material collected from the nasal cavity of a sheep euthanized was observed a focally extensive area of necrosis with presence of diffuse infiltration of intact and degenerated neutrophils bordering the cartilage. Only one sheep showed clinical cure, indicating efficiency in the pythiosis treatment of 16.7% (1/6. Ovine pythiosis has been increasing in several municipalities of PE and BA. In this context, the immunotherapy may be an alternative to be searched. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the effect of immunotherapy on ovine pythiosis.
Envenenamento por Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones; Buthidae) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Envenomation by Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones; Buthidae) in Bahia, Brazil
Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva; Andréa Monteiro de Amorim; Tania Kobler Brazil
A presente investigação é um estudo descritivo dos aspectos clínicos dos acidentes causados pelo escorpião Tityus stigmurus no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Foram analisados 237 casos confirmados, tratados pelo Centro de Informações Antiveneno da Bahia (CIAVE), no período de 1982-1995. O envenenamento por T. stigmurus caracterizou-se por manifestações locais: dor (94,4%), dormência (30%), edema (17,8%), eritema (17,8%) e parestesia (15,6%) e gerais: cefaléia (14%), vômitos (4,4%) e sudorese (3,3%)...
Wind power system for Sao Gabriel, Irece region, Bahia-Brazil; Sistema eolico de Sao Gabriel, regiao de Irece-Bahia
Bruni, Carlos D' Alexandria [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica da Bahia (CEFET-BA), Salvador, BA (Brazil)], e-mail: email@example.com; Camelier, Luiz Alberto A. [Companhia de Engenharia Rural da Bahia, Salvador, BA (Brazil)], e-mail: email@example.com
An electric power plant supplied by a wind-generator is the solution for supply drink water on a small community on Sao Gabriel, Irece - Bahia -Brazil. On behalf of the feasibility a wind power system is described in detail concerning it's technical specifications, it's operation, constraints and it's energy demand. Furthermore wind power system supply is described in detail. Simulations is shows how the system is designed to guarantee a reliability in pumping of drinking water powered by wind power system and it's expansion in the future. (author)
Ecological interactions of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Italo A Sherlock
Full Text Available The laboratory and field observations summarized in this paper on visceral leishmaniasis ecology in the State of Bahia, Brazil are based on the author's observations over the past 35 years in a number of state's foci, public health records and literature citations. The disease is endemic with epidemic outbreaks occurring every ten years and its geographical distribution is expanding rapidly in the last years. Leishmania chagasi is the main ethiologic agent of the visceral leishmaniasis but Le. amazonensis s. lato was the only leishmania isolated by other authors from some visceral leishmaniasis human cases in the state. Lutzomyia longipalpis (with one or two spots on tergites III and IV and two sized different populations was epidemiologically incriminated as the main vector. It was found naturally infected with promastigotes, and it was infected with four species of leishmanias in the laboratory. Although the experimental transmission of Le. amazonensis by the bite of Lu. longipalpis to hamsters was performed, the author was not successful in transmitting Le. chagasi in the same way. The dog is the most important domestic source for infection of the vector, however it is not a primary reservoir. The opossum Didelphis albiventris was found naturally infected with Le. chagasi but its role as reservoir is unknown. Foxes and rodents were not found infected with leishmanias in Bahia.
[Ants as biological indicators of human impact in mangroves of the southeastern coast of Bahia, Brazil].
Delabie, Jacques H C; Paim, Valéria R L de M; Do Nascimento, Ivan C; Campiolo, Sofia; Mariano, Cléa dos S F
Mangroves are common in estuaries along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Although plant diversity is low, this ecosystem supports a range of animals, offering some resources for non-aquatic organisms. Many insects live in mangroves and, between them, many ant species that are exclusively arboreous. Mangroves throughout the world suffer from high levels of human impact, and this is particularly true for southeastern Bahia, where land-uses include traditional crab and fish exploitation, urban development, refuse pollution, recreation, and timber extraction. The ants of 13 mangrove sites, representing a range of levels of human use, have been studied along 250 km of the southern Bahia littoral, between Itacaré and Porto Seguro. Ants were sampled both inside and on the periphery of the tidal zone, using entomological rainbow, baiting, collect of hollow branches and pit-fall. A total of 108 species have been collected, with the richest genera being Camponotus and Pseudomyrmex, and the most frequent belonging to the genera Azteca and Crematogaster. The ant community living on the periphery of mangrove areas is rather homogeneous regardless of the degree of environmental perturbation, but varies markedly with the disturbance inside the mangroves themselves. The evolution of richness of the both communities, mangrove and periphery, is negatively related to the human effects, even limited to the periphery. Ant communities therefore have the potential to be useful as biological indicators of ecological impacts of land-use in these mangrove systems. PMID:17144131
Early signals of environmental and health impacts caused by uranium mining in Caetite, Bahia, Brazil
Brito, Adelson S. de; Rego, Rita de Cassia Franco [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Dept. de Medicina Preventiva. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Saude, Ambiente e Trabalho; Zucchi, Maria do Rosario [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica da Terra. Lab. de Fisica Nuclear Aplicada; Navarro, Marcus V. Teixeira, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Instituto Federal da Bahia (LAFIR/NTS/IFBA) Salvador, BA (Brazil). Nucleo de Tecnologia em Saude. Lab. de Fisica Radiologica
Uranium mining and processing at Lagoa Real (Bahia, Brazil) in the southwest of Bahia state started in the year 2000.The processing of uranium ore for obtaining U3O8 (yellowcake) is done today in the processing unit of the Brazilian Nuclear Industries INB located in the area of the same municipality above mentioned. The production capacity is 400 tons / year of U3O8, and the reserves in this region are estimated at 100.000 tons of uranium without any other associated minerals, enough to supply the demand for nuclear power plants Angra I and II for over 100 years. Since the granting of AOP (Permanent Operation Authorization) by CNEN (National Commission on Nuclear Energy) in the year 2009, there were some incidents at the facility, such as: solvents and liquid containing uranium overflow; pipes rupture, causing indiscriminate dispersion of toxic acids and other chemical agents; collapse of parts of the slope of the open pit. CNEN admitted in an official press release on April 1, 2011 that 'INB has no capacity to produce annual reports on environmental monitoring (unable to perform radiometric measurements, etc.). The last time a report was released happened in the year 2008. These reports are vital to the environmental impact assessment of the facility'. Another potential source of environmental and health negative impacts on the local population could be linked to radon emission. What are the levels of this important pollutant in the affected areas? (author)
Industrial radiography in the State of Bahia, Brazil: The health protection of workers
This study aimed to identify the Regulatory and Inspection Authority for actions developed by industrial radiography enterprises in the State of Bahia, Brazil, concerning health protection of workers exposed to ionizing radiation in industry. Institutions which legislate about this matter at international, national and State level were identified. These legislations were analysed according to recommendations by the Basic Safety Standards from the Atomic Energy International Agency. Medical Supervision is proposed as a factor to warrant protection to worker's health. This is a service evaluation study, encompassing results, processes and structural components. Emphasis is given to the process component which investigated the adequacy of which is performed by employees and workers. Five enterprises which provide industrial radiography services in the State of Bahia were identified, employing forty workers on a temporary basis. This study also observed: intense workforce, a complete process of contracting out in the sector; inadequate conditions of work organization (long work journey, night work, lack of days-off schedule); inefficiency of medical services responsible by worker's protection concerning radiation specific risks as well as other occupational risks, unrelated to main activity. There is a legal basis for Authorities actions, although it has not been completely implemented. These findings embased the elaboration of a proposal of a Surveillance Program for the Worker Exposed to Industrial Radiation, which includes the setting of safety standards and monitoring of workers exposed to ionization radiation in the occupational environment, accident prevention in this activity and the specialized health care to those affected by radio accidents. (author)
[Managing comprehensive care: a case study in a health district in Bahia State, Brazil].
Santos, Adriano Maia Dos; Giovanella, Ligia
This study analyzed management of comprehensive care in a health district in Bahia State, Brazil, at the political, institutional, organizational, and healthcare practice levels and the challenges for establishing coordinated care between municipalities. The information sources were semi-structured interviews with administrators, focal groups with healthcare professionals and users, institutional documents, and observations. A comprehensive and critical analysis was produced with dialectical hermeneutics as the reference. The results show that the Inter-Administrators Regional Commission was the main regional governance strategy. There is a fragmentation between various points and lack of communications linkage in the network. Private interests and partisan political interference overlook the formally agreed-upon flows and create parallel circuits, turning the right to health into currency for trading favors. Such issues hinder coordination of comprehensive care in the inter-municipal network. PMID:27027458
Characterization of organic matter in a sediment Core near the Mataripe refinery, Bahia-Brazil.
Costa, Alexandre Barreto; de Souza, José Roberto Bispo; Zucchi, Maria do Rosário; de Azevedo, Antonio Expedito Gomes; de Argollo, Roberto Max
A sediment core was taken from the Todos os Santos Bay, near the Mataripe Bahia-Brazil refinery. The results of dating, (210)Pb and (137)Cs methods, combined with organic indicators, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes and total organic carbon (TOC), showed significant change with the start of production of the oil fields of Aratu, Itaparica and Dom João (1939-1947) and the construction of the Mataripe refinery (1949-1950). This event was marked by a series of significant changes, including an abrupt increase in TOC and the growth of PAH concentrations and the presence Unresolved/Resolved ratio (UR/R)>4 in n-alkanes fraction, which indicated that the contamination was of petrogenic origin. The δ(13)C of specific n-alkanes compounds showed gradual deplete with the depth. PMID:26920428
A new species of Leiostracus from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orthalicidae
Rodrigo B. Salvador
Full Text Available A remarkable new species of pulmonate snail was recently collected in a small Atlantic Rainforest fragment near the city of Canavieiras, state of Bahia, Brazil, an area known for a high diversity of land snails. It is described herein as Leiostracus fetidus sp. nov. and can be easily identified by its color pattern of irregular brown to black axial stripes on a white to yellow background, a reddish axial band "separating" the white peristome from the rest of the shell and a broad brown spiral band surrounding the umbilical region. Other diagnostic features include a relatively small size, a proto columellar fold and two very weak folds delimiting the basal region of the aperture. This discovery is a reminder of how little this fauna is known and also an alarm for proper conservation of these forest fragments.
[Poisonous sting by Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones; Buthidae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil].
Lira-da-Silva, R M; Amorim, A M; Brazil, T K
The present investigation is a descriptive study regarding the clinical aspects of accidents caused by the scorpion Tityus stigmurus in Bahia, Brazil. We analyzed 237 confirmed cases treated by the Antivenom Information Centre (CIAVE) from 1982 to 1995. Envenomation by T. stigmurus was mainly characterized by local symptoms: pain (94.4%), dormancy (30.0%), edema (17.8%), erythema (17.8), paresthesia (15.6%) and general manifestations such as headache (4.4%), vomiting (4.4%) and sudoresis (3.3%). Most of the envenomation cases were mild (94%) and all were successfully cured. Although T. stigmurus venom is not in the pool of anti-venom serum (SAE), the absence of lethality and benign nature of the cases suggest the efficiency of SAE. With the exception of deaths and systemic complications, envenoming gravity was similar to those of Tityus serrulatus. PMID:10967591
Petrology and geochemistry of the marbles and calcosilicated rocks from Ipira, Bahia - Brazil
This work explains a study of marbles and diopsitites from Serra das Panelas, Ipira, Bahia, Brazil. Petrographic analysis, chemistry some elements, trace elements and rare earths, isotopic analysis of Strontium, carbon and oxigen, and geochronological determinations were done. The ages founded correspond to Transamazonic Orogenetic cicle, with Archean age, confirmed by the 18O values found, which give to marble, ages about 2.500 my. The mineralogy and the texture give to marble an invulgar aspect, making a confusion with carbonate. The petrochemical data and the geochemistry of 13C and 18O isotopes showed that the marble and diopsitites was formed from the old marine carbonates. The geochemistry of rare earth suggests a strong correlation with carbonitic and alkaline rocks. An hybrid origem to this rocks is proposed. (C.D.G.)
Ants interacting with fruits of Melocactus conoideus Buining & Brederoo (Cactaceae in southwestern Bahia, Brazil
Katielle Silva Brito-Kateivas
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine which ant species interact with the fruits of Melocactus conoideus and if there is removal. The study was carried out at Parque Municipal Serra do Periperi, in the town of Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, an area where the species occur. Fruits from 30 individuals were marked and observed during day for identification of the ants behavior. Seven species from five ant subfamilies were observed interacting with the fruits and the genera mostly involved in interactions were Camponotus and Pheidole. Three removal events were observed, performed by Pheidole sp. 2. Although M. conoideus is not a myrmecochorous species, ants were registered as opportunistic dispersing agents, an activity which may have important consequences for the population dynamics of the species.
Back pain in adults living in quilombola territories of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Luis Rogério Cosme Silva Santos
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with back pain in adults who live in quilombola territories. METHODS A population-based survey was performed on quilombola communities of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. The sample (n = 750 was established via a raffle of residences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate sociodemographics and employment characteristics, lifestyle, and health conditions. The outcome was analyzed as a dichotomous variable (Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of back pain was of 39.3%. Age ≥ 30 years and being a smoker were associated with the outcome. The employment status was not related to back pain. CONCLUSIONS The survey identified a high prevalence of back pain in adults. It is suggested to support the restructuring of the local public service in order to outline programs and access to healthy practices, assistance, diagnosis, and treatment of spine problems.
Aplication of uranium isotopes as tracers in ground water studies (Bambui - Bahia, Brazil)
Analyses of 234U/238U activity ratios and the uranium concentration in 42 underground water samples have provided better in formation about the recharge area and the flow direction in the Bambui limestone, Bahia (Brazil). In the main recharge area, the activity ratios were found to range from 3 to 6 and the uranium concentration averaged 1 μg/l. The activity ratio increases northward with the highest values close to 10. The 234U excess from a basic of ratio of activity (fundamental leaching ratio) also increases northward in agreement with the age of the water, an observation confirmed by C-14. This 234U excess is attributed to the alpha-recoil process. The system was calibrated and the age of the waters in the calcareous region was determined. (Author)
β-globin haplotypes in normal and hemoglobinopathic individuals from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil
Wellington dos Santos Silva
Full Text Available Five restriction site polymorphisms in the β-globin gene cluster (HincII-5'ε, HindIII-Gγ, HindIII-ªγ, HincII-'ψβ1 and HincII-3''ψβ1 were analyzed in three populations (n = 114 from Reconcavo Baiano, State of Bahia, Brazil. The groups included two urban populations from the towns of Cachoeira and Maragojipe and one rural Afro-descendant population, known as the "quilombo community", from Cachoeira municipality. The number of haplotypes found in the populations ranged from 10 to 13, which indicated higher diversity than in the parental populations. The haplotypes 2 (+----,3(----+,4(-+--+and6(-++-+onthe βA chromosomes were the most common, and two haplotypes, 9 (-++++and 14 (++--+, were found exclusively in the Maragojipe population. The other haplotypes (1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16 had lower frequencies. Restriction site analysis and the derived haplotypes indicated homogeneity among the populations. Thirty-two individuals with hemoglobinopathies (17 sickle cell disease, 12 HbSC disease and 3 HbCC disease were also analyzed. The haplotype frequencies of these patients differed significantly from those of the general population. In the sickle cell disease subgroup, the predominant haplotypes were BEN (Benin and CAR (Central African Republic, with frequencies of 52.9% and 32.4%, respectively. The high frequency of the BEN haplotype agreed with the historical origin of the afro-descendant population in the state of Bahia. However, this frequency differed from that of Salvador, the state capital, where the CAR and BEN haplotypes have similar frequencies, probably as a consequence of domestic slave trade and subsequent internal migrations to other regions of Brazil.
Supply chain management of the castor biodiesel in the Bahia state, Brazil; Gestao da cadeia de suprimentos do biodiesel de mamona no estado da Bahia
Freires, Francisco G.M.; Goncalo, Thomas E.E.; Oliveira, Danillo R.S.B. [Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco (UNIVASF), Juazeiro, BA (Brazil)], E-mail: email@example.com
In front of the global trend for developing new ways of energy that pollute less and are renewable, Brazil emerges as a major actor in the development and use of technology for the production of biofuels. In the context of the potential of semi-arid to produce some oil used in production, the Brazilian government is enabling the production of Northeastern region. The State of Bahia is the largest producer of castor oil from Brazil, with an estimated production of 102.8 thousand tonnes of grain in the season 2008/2009 (CONAB, 2009). The development of the sector depends on appropriate government actions to support their competitive sustainability, and encouraging the improvement of management techniques in all involved. In that scenario, the logistics contributes to the development of this sector through the supply chain management. One conclusion is that the competitiveness and sustainability of the supply chain of castor in the Semi-arid of Bahia practices depends on the adoption of integrated logistics, without which the current failures prevent the consolidation of governmental objectives defined. (author)
Spittlebug Cephisus siccifolius damaging eucalypt plants in the State of Bahia, Brazil Cigarrinha-de-espuma Cephisus siccifolius em plantio de eucalipto clonal no Estado da Bahia, Brasil
Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro
Full Text Available Most common pests of eucalyptus plants in Brazil are leaf cutting ants and defoliating caterpillars. Other groups, eventually, feeding on eucalyptus include Heteroptera and cicadas. The objectives of this work were to identify and to describe attack symptoms of Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851 (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae on eucalyptus trees in a stand of 25.77 hectares in the State of Bahia, Brazil, where 99.3% of them were attacked by this spittlebug. Damage was more severe on branches and leaves. Tree death was, relatively, low while those cut showed 4.7 colonies of this spittlebug with 21.9 nymphs per colony. Cultural control with the removal of trees attacked was recommended.Os insetos-praga mais comuns em plantios de eucalipto no Brasil são formigas cortadeiras e lagartas desfolhadoras. Eventualmente, outros insetos como percevejos e cigarrinhas podem danificar essas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever os sintomas de ataque, em um plantio de eucalipto de 25,77 hectares, no Estado da Bahia, onde 99,3% das árvores tinham sido atacadas pela cigarrinha-de-espuma Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851 (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae. Os danos foram maiores em galhos e folhas. A mortalidade de árvores foi baixa, apesar de se observar 4,7 colônias de cigarrinhas por árvore, com 21,9 ninfas por colônia. O corte das árvores infestadas foi recomendado como controle.
Evaluation of exploitation alternatives of iron - titanium - vanadium ore from Campo Alegre de Lourdes (Bahia-Brazil)
An evaluation of experiences carried out in order to develop an economic process for vanadium, is presented. The attempts which are being developed in the Metallurgical Engineering Program at COPPE/UFRJ, are described, and the other technical and economical possibilities of existing technologies, are analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of integrated steel making process to recover iron, titanium and vanadium contained in the ore from Campo Alegre de Lourdes deposit, in Bahia-Brazil are considered. (Author)
Analysis of Cookiecutter shark Isistius spp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) bites in cetaceans (Mammalia; Cetacea) on the Bahia coast, northeastern Brazil
Cláudio L. S. Sampaio; Rodrigo Maia-Nogueira; José de Anchieta Cintra da Costa Nunes; Janete Gomes Abrão Oliveira; Luciano Raimundo Alardo Souto
Few studies have registered signs of mutilation on cetaceans in Brazil, especially from shark attacks. This work describes interactions between cookiecutter sharks Isistius spp. and cetaceans through the analysis of bite records for cetacean carcasses washed ashore on the Bahia coast between 1996 and 2005. Twenty bite records were analyzed in 13 cetacean species, of which the Delphinidae family was the most frequent. After the analysis, Isistius plutodus was identified as the aggressor specie...
Plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil
Flávio França; Ednaldo L. Lago; Philip D. Marsden
This paper records the plants used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (L(V)b) among the rural population of a cocoa- producing coastal area of Bahia state, Brazil. An enquiry conducted among a hundred patients identified 49 plant species used to treat skin ulceration caused by this Leishmania species. The principal plants used are caju-branco (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae), used by 65% of the population, folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta - ...
Frequency of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora caninum in domestic cats in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Iris Daniela Santos de Meneses; Müller Ribeiro Andrade; Rosângela Soares Uzêda; Marta Vasconcelos Bittencourt; David Scott Lindsay; Luís Fernando Pita Gondim
Sarcocystis neurona is the major agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. It infects several mammalian species in the Americas, where the definitive hosts, marsupials of the genus Didelphis (D. virginiana and D. albiventris) are found. Domestic cats are one of the confirmed intermediate hosts of the parasite; however, antibodies against S. neurona had never before been demonstrated in Brazilian cats. The aim of this study was to determine whether cats in Bahia, Brazil, are exposed to the ...
Seismic refraction technique aplications in the geotechnical characterization of the Cachoeira deposit massif, Caetite, State of Bahia, Brazil
Geophysical surveys throught the Cachoeira Uranium deposit massif were carried out with the purpose of assisting in the geotechnical characterization for the implantation of the Mining-Industrial Complex projects on the Lagoa Real uranium deposits, Caetite municipality, state of Bahia, Brazil. This study discusses the methodology utilized in the geophysical surveys and their results as well as their applications to the geotechnical characterization as a whole. (D.J.M.)
Joelma da Silva Santos; Tarciana de Oliveira Viana; Cristina Meira de Jesus; Vera Lúcia Divan Baldani; Joilson Silva Ferreira
Maize is among the most important crops in the world. This plant species can be colonized by diazotrophic bacteria able to convert atmospheric N into ammonium under natural conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of the diazotrophic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae (ZAE94) and isolate new strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria in maize grown in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Area of the Uni...
Ages of granites of the Serrinha Nucleus, Bahia (Brazil): an overview
The ages of granites of the Serrinha Nucleus (SN), in the eastern part of Bahia State, Brazil are poorly constrained and radiometric dating is mainly by the Rb-Sr whole rock isochron method, indicating a complex intrusive history. New Pb-Pb and U-Pb zircon for plutons widely distributed within the SN terrains range from Archean (>3070 Ma) to Paleoproterozoic (2067 Ma) and generally support the interpretation that at least three plutonic events affect these terrains. The range of ages evidently constitutes a large interval of regional granitic emplacement which can be divided into three principal domains: pre, syn and late/post tectonic. The new Archean ages (2.7 to 3.1 Ga.) by the U-Pb zircon method indicate reworking of an older crust during the Paleoproterozoic plutonic event in the SN region and clearly point to the existence of an Archean basement prior to 2.7 Ga. (Jequie Cycle). The younger ages help to further constrain the extension and age of Archean components of the Sao Francisco Craton which is important for a complete understanding of the Precambrian geology of that part of Brazil. (author)
Local ecological knowledge of artisanal fishermen in southern Bahia, Brazil, about trophic interactions of sharks
Márcio Luiz Vargas Barbosa Filho
Full Text Available Despite the serious threats that affect shark species living along the central coast of Brazil, knowledge about the life history of these animals is still scarce. The present study describes the knowledge and perceptions of fishermen from southern Bahia, Brazil, on the trophic interactions of sharks. The objective of this work was to generate information that contributes to a better understanding of the life history of sharks from this poorly known region. In 2012, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 65 fishermen, with over 15 years of experience, about fisheries and aspects of shark feeding behavior. The study found that the participants have comprehensive ethno-ecological knowledge about shark feeding habits, describing 39 types of items as components of the diets of these animals. They are also able to recognize the favored items in the diet of each ethnospecies of shark. Similar studies about shark feeding habits along the Brazilian coast should be developed. This will generate more detailed knowledge and/or new scientific hypotheses about the interspecific relationships of these predators and their prey.
Tuberculose na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil: o perfil na década de 1990 Tuberculosis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s
Maria Izabel Mota Xavier
Full Text Available Com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose (incidência e mortalidade no Município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, na década de 1990, foram analisadas as características demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais dos casos e óbitos por esta doença ocorridos no período. Foram calculadas as taxas médias anuais de mortalidade e da incidência por sexo, faixa etária e formas clínicas da doença com base nas informações dos bancos de dados do Sistema de Informações de Tuberculose da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia e do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Analisou-se a distribuição espacial da tuberculose segundo distritos sanitários. Ficou evidente o predomínio dos casos e óbitos no sexo masculino e na faixa etária de 15 a 39 anos. A forma pulmonar apresentou uma maior taxa de incidência e de mortalidade. Sobre a hipótese de que, a co-infecção AIDS/tuberculose possa contribuir para manter elevadas taxas de mortalidade, os dados existentes não corroboram para esta associação. A maior ocorrência de tuberculose em determinados distritos sanitários pode estar associada à densidade populacional e às condições desfavoráveis de vida.The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB cases and deaths were analyzed in order to characterize the epidemiological profile of TB (incidence and mortality in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s. Annual incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, age bracket, and clinical forms of the disease using databases from the Tuberculosis Information System of the Bahia State Health Secretariat and the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. TB spatial distribution was analyzed according to health district. Cases and deaths were predominantly in males in the 15 to 39 year group. The pulmonary form showed the highest incidence and mortality. The existing data did not corroborate the hypothesis that AIDS
Interflow, overland flow and leaching of natural nutrients on an Alfisol slope of southern Bahia, Brazil
De Oliveira Leite, J.
Two experimental plots for hydrologic studies, 3595 and 7060 m 2, were delimited on a slope of Alfisol planted with cacao in Bahia, Brazil. Volumes of overland flow and interflow were measured daily and samples of collected water were taken monthly for analysis of Ca, Mg, Na, K, N, P and Fe. The highest overland-flow volumes represented 24% and the highest interflow 53% of the rainfall but on the average the volumes of overland flow and interflow were found to represent 1 and 14% of the annual rainfall. The percentage of interflow increases with increasing rainfall. In winter, it is higher than in summer, except during the highest rains observed. The mean annual loss for calcium was 85.8 kg ha -1 yr -1; for magnesium 18.2; potassium 17.0; sodium 23.5; nitrogen 22.1; iron 5.5 and phosphorus 0.9. In relative terms, considering the chemical components of the soils, the K losses are highest, indicating that this element is most leachable. The interflow volumes and the amounts of Na, K, N and P correlated at the 1% significance level in both plots. A general conclusion is that the leaching of nutrients varied with the intensity of the interflow, especially for Na, K, N and P, the leaching of nutrients through overland flow being of less importance.
Carbon Storage in Soil Size Fractions Under Two Cacao Agroforestry Systems in Bahia, Brazil
Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F.; Ramachandran Nair, P. K.; Nair, Vimala D.; Gama-Rodrigues, Antonio C.; Baligar, Virupax C.; Machado, Regina C. R.
Shaded perennial agroforestry systems contain relatively high quantities of soil carbon (C) resulting from continuous deposition of plant residues; however, the extent to which the C is sequestered in soil will depend on the extent of physical protection of soil organic C (SOC). The main objective of this study was to characterize SOC storage in relation to soil fraction-size classes in cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems (AFSs). Two shaded cacao systems and an adjacent natural forest in reddish-yellow Oxisols in Bahia, Brazil were selected. Soil samples were collected from four depth classes to 1 m depth and separated by wet-sieving into three fraction-size classes (>250 μm, 250-53 μm, and cacao AFSs, the C contained in the macroaggregate fraction might become stabilized in the soil. The study shows the role of cacao AFSs in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission through accumulation and retention of high amounts of organic C in the soils and suggests the potential benefit of this environmental service to the nearly 6 million cacao farmers worldwide.
Gold mineralization in the Serra de Jacobina region, Bahia Brazil: tectonic framework and metallogenesis
Teixeira, João Batista Guimarães; de Souza, Jorge André Braz; da Silva, Maria da Glória; Leite, Carlson Matos Maia; Barbosa, Johildo Salomão Figueiredo; Coelho, Carlos Eduardo Silva; Abram, Maisa Bastos; Filho, Valter Mônaco Conceição; Iyer, Sundaram S. S.
Gold deposits in the Serra de Jacobina region in Bahia, northeastern Brazil, occur in a belt of siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks intercalated with mafic and ultramafic rocks, and underlain by a tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite gneiss-dominated (TTG) basement. The siliciclastic sequence probably represents the remnants of a sedimentary basin, which formed in an Archean passive margin-type setting. The basin was subsequently subjected to a complex history of deformation, metamorphism, and hydrothermal activity, as a result of oblique collisional events in Late Archean and Paleoproterozoic. The majority of the auriferous occurrences in the area are hosted by quartz-pebble conglomerates, and have been noted to resemble placer-type deposits. However, structurally-controlled hydrothermal orebodies, and the formation of gold occurrences also in quartzites and mafic and ultramafic rocks, support an epigenetic model for the mineralizing event. Gold mineralization is interpreted to be an integral part of the late (~1.9 Ga) tectonothermal evolution of the Serra de Jacobina region. It was roughly coeval with the emplacement of large volumes of post-collisional type, peraluminous granitic magmas, during a regional strike-slip regime.
The uranium provinces of the Lagoa Real District-Bahia (Brazil)
The Lagoa Real Project from NUCLEBRAS represents one of the most important uranium provinces in Brazil today. The project is limited by the 42000' - 42030'W and 13030' - 14015'S geographic coordinates, covering an area of 4,540 square kilometres in the South-Central part of Bahia State. Since 1977, 13 radiometric anomalies have been detected. As part of the Archean basement, metasomatized and cataclastic metamorphic rocks outcrop in the area. The uranium mineralization occurs in albitite bodies parallel to its foliation and is represented by fine grained uraninite. Lying roughly in N-S direction the albitite bodies are tabular and elongated. Each albitite body may reach over 1 Km of extensoin, 100m of width, and 350m of depth. 207Pb/206Pb age determination indicated 820 my as the age of uraninite crystallization. An ore reserve of 27,000 ton of U3O8 at an average grade of 0.15% U3O8 has been determined following geologic, topographic, and radiometric survey over an area of 700 hectares and the completion of 160 drill-holes totalizing 23,000 metres. The potential uranium reserve of the Lagoa Real District has not as yet been properly evaluated because from the known orebodies only six have been sistematically investigated to date. (Author)
Flora and phytosociology of an area of Restinga along the northern Coast of Bahia, Brazil
Christiano Marcelino Menezes
Full Text Available Areas of restinga are geologically recent environments. The species that inhabit this type of ecosystem are typical of adjacent areas, such as rain forest, tabuleiro forest and caatinga, and form a diverse community of trees, shrubs and erect and prostrate herbs. The goal of this work was to evaluate the vegetation in an area of restinga located along Praia do Forte, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Four 200m transects where made within five plots of 100m2 each, and 1,640 individuals within 68 species were collected. High species diversity was found in transects 1 and 2 (H´ = 3.882 and 3 and 4 (H´ = 3.835. The most representative families were Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae and Malpighiaceae. Based on the species composition, a significant difference (p < 0.001 was found between the sampled areas, and the findings show that there are two distinct plant communities in this region, Mata deRestinga and Restinga em Moitas.
Natural radioactivity in extreme south of Bahia, Brazil, using gamma-ray spectrometry
The concentrations activity of natural radionuclides in beach sand in extreme south of Bahia-Brazil was measured using gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in beach sand ranged from 14.5 to 8,318.4, 20.5 to 18,450.0, 15.4 to 3,109.0 Bq/kg, with a mean value of 1,078.2, 2,429.6, and 417.0 Bq/kg respectively. The values of radiation hazard indexes in sands of Alcobaca, Caraiva and Cumuruxatiba are higher than the limits preconized by Beretka and Mathew. The use of these sands may be not safe in building constructions. The results show that the absorbed dose rates range from 20.4-15,116.6 nGy/h with mean value of 1762.7. The highest value of gamma dose rates among the studied beaches was found in Cumuruxatiba (15,116.6 nGy/h). The annual effective dose varied between 0.028 and 18.539 mSv/year, with a mean of 2.162 mSv/year. Values of Alcobaca, Trancoso, Caraiva and Cumuruxatiba are higher than the worldwide average for outdoor annual effective dose, 0.07 mSv/year. (author)
Alejandro Esteweson Santos Faustino da Costa
Full Text Available The tintinnid community in the region of Abrolhos (Bahia, Brazil was studied during February 2012. We hypothesized that the tintinnid community structure varies significantly over a short temporal scale (photoperiod, as well as spatially over a short scale (on and away from the reefs, and a broad scale (distance of the reef area from the coast. Three areas in Abrolhos were studied. Two sampling points were delimited in each area, where the tintinnids were collected by horizontal subsurface plankton net (20 μm mesh-size hauls. Sampling was undertaken every 6 hours, during 24 hours in each area. 24 species were found, all of which are of neritic, cosmopolitan, and of warm-water distribution. The only hypothesis that is not rejected is that related to variability on an extensive spatial scale. There are significant differences between the samples collected in the three areas studied (ANOVA p = 0.017. The clustering of the species highlights a continent-ocean gradient. There is one community typical of the internal arc, composed mainly of neritic agglutinated tintinnids, and another community typical of the external arc, composed mainly of hyaline warm-water and cosmopolitan tintinnids. The factor which exercises the greatest influence on the tintinnid community in the Abrolhos region is the distance from the coast.
Characterization of artisanal fishery with camboa net at the Cassurubá Extractive Reserve, Bahia, Brazil
Matheus Oliveira Freitas
Full Text Available Regarded as relevant nursery areas for fishes, the estuarine systems shelter many commercially important species. From October 2008 to November 2009, we investigated the ichthyofaunal composition and described the routine of artisanal fishing with camboa net in the estuary at the Cassurubá Extractive Reserve, Bahia, Brazil. Samplings were conducted in three rivers, during the new and full moons. A total of 1,074 fishes were caught in 17 fisheries with nets, belonging to 26 species and 17 families, with a total biomass of 378.4 kg. The Gerreidae and Centropomidae families were the most abundant ones, and there was a predominance of catches. Out of the total, 50% of individuals which were at the first gonadal maturation (L50 described in the literature had a size less than the expected one, indicating growth overfishing. We recommends the establishment of management systems shared between the actors involved in this fishing art and the Cassurubá Extractive Reserve managers, in order to reduce the capture of individuals below the first gonadal maturation size.
Uranium deposits of Lagoa Real uranium Province, state of Bahia, Brazil
The Uranium Province of Lagoa Real is situated in the south-central part of the state of Bahia and constitutes, at the present moment, one of the most promising uranium districts of Brazil. The first anomaly was recorded in 1977 and, since then intense exploration and evaluation has been carried out in the area, resulting in the characterization of six ore deposits until now. Simultaneously, NUCLEBRAS has performed tests to establish the beneficiation characteristics of the ore, and developed preliminary mining plans. The host rock for the ore mineralization is related to sodic metasomatism and controlled by lithology and structure. The ore exhibits granoblastic texture, fine to coarse grain size, and the principal uranium minerals are uraninite, and, in minor quantities, pitchblende and uranophane. The solubility is over 90% of the U3O8 contained, with an average acid consumption of 35 Kg per ton of ore treated. This paper presents a brief description of the main ore deposits and touches on their general characterisitcs. As an example, the deposit 'Jazida Cachoeira' is dealt with in greater detail, since this deposit is considered in the present context to be the most important one in the province. (Author)
Genetic variability in Melipona scutellaris from Recôncavo, Bahia, Brazil.
Viana, J L; Francisco, A K; Carvalho, C A L; Waldschmidt, A M
Bees play a key role in pollination and thereby help maintain plant diversity. The stingless bee Melipona scutellaris is an important pollinator in northeastern Brazil because it is endemic to this region. Both deforestation and timber harvesting have reduced the nesting sites for this species, thus reducing its population and range. Genetic studies may help reverse this process by providing important tools for their proper management with a view to conservation of this species. Microsatellite markers have proven to be ideal for mapping genes and population genetic studies. Our aim was to study, using microsatellite markers, the interpopulation genetic variability of M. scutellaris in different parts of the Recôncavo region in Bahia State, Brazil. In all, 95 adult workers from 11 localities in Recôncavo Baiano (Amargosa, Cabaceiras do Paraguaçu, Conceição da Feira, Conceição do Almeida, Domingos Macedo Costa, Governador Mangabeira, Jaguaripe, Jiquiriça, Maragojipe, São Felipe, and Vera Cruz) were analyzed using 10 pairs of microsatellite primers developed for different Meliponini species. The total number of alleles, allele richness, and genetic diversity ranged from 2 to 7 per locus (average = 4.4), 1.00 to 4.88, and 0.0 to 0.850, respectively. The expected and observed heterozygosities varied from 0.0 to 0.76 and 0.0 to 0.84, respectively. No locus showed deviation from the expected frequencies in the chi-square test or linkage disequilibrium. The fixation index, analysis of molecular variance, and unweighted pair-group method using the arithmetic average revealed the effects of human activities on the populations of M. scutellaris, as little genetic structure was detected. PMID:24065683
Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Paula Matos Oliveira
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC is the second most common vaginal infection. HIV-infection is a risk factor for this infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of VVC and to describe the main Candida species isolated and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs in HIV-infected patients, compared to HIV-uninfected women in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including a group of 64 HIV-infected women and 76 uninfected women, followed up at the AIDS reference center and at the Gynecological Clinic of Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: Frequency of Candida spp. was higher in HIV-infected women (29.7% than in HIV-uninfected controls (14.5% (p = 0.02. The odds ratio value for vulvovaginal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.07 - 6.32 p = 0.03. Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species in both HIV-infected (52.3% and uninfected women (85.7%, followed by C. parapsolis in 17.6% and 14.3%, respectively. In HIV-infected women, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and a coinfection of C. albicans and C. glabrata were also identified. There was no significant difference between Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of women with VVC and colonization of the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. One C. glabrata isolate from an HIV-infected patient was resistant to fluconazole and other two isolates exhibited a dose-dependent susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm a higher frequency of Candida spp. isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women and a broader spectrum of species involved. Only Candida glabrata isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole.
Evaluation of the stocks of Hypnea musciformis (rhodophyta: gigartinales on two beaches in Bahia, Brazil
Taiara Aguiar Caires
Full Text Available Hypnea musciformis occurs widely in the northeast coast of Brazil, and it is one of the most important natural sources of k-carrageenan, which is used in food and cosmetic industries. Despite its potential for exploitation little is known about its ecology. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology and ecology of H. musciformis in Brazil through analyses of biomass stock and accompanying flora. Two populations of H. musciformis were analyzed: those on the beaches of Stella Maris and Itacimirim (Bahia, Brazil. Eight samplings were conducted between 2007 and 2009 during the dry and rainy seasons. The algae were sampled along transects (20 m using quadrats (0.04 m² in three different hydrodynamic regions of the reefs (TP, PRR and FRR. The t-Test, Dunn's Test and parametric and nonparametric ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. 17 host species and 41 associated species were identified. The highest biomass stock was observed during the dry season. On Stella Maris, the region with the highest biomass stock was FRR; on Itacimirim, TP had the highest biomass value. This study permits the assumption that seasonality, microhabitat, hydrodynamic and micro scale factors contribute to variation in biomass stock in H. musciformis populations.Hypnea musciformis ocorre amplamente na costa nordeste do Brasil, sendo uma das mais importantes fontes naturais de k-carrageenana que é utilizado nas indústrias alimentícia e cosmética. Apesar do potencial de explotação, pouco se sabe sobre sua ecologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a biologia e ecologia de H. musciformis no Brasil através da análise do estoque de biomassa e da flora acompanhante. Duas populações de H. musciformis foram analisadas nas praias de Stella Maris e Itacimirim (Bahia, Brasil. Oito amostragens foram realizadas entre 2007 e 2009, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. As algas foram coletadas ao longo de transectos (20 m utilizando quadrados (0,04 m² em tr
Areas of natural occurrence of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Rogério M.O. Alves
Full Text Available The bee Melipona scutellaris is considered the reared meliponine species with the largest distribution in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, with records from the state of Rio Grande do Norte down to the state of Bahia. Considering the importance of this species in the generation of income for family agriculture and in the preservation of areas with natural vegetation, this study aimed at providing knowledge on the distribution of natural colonies of M. scutellaris in the state of Bahia. Literature information, interviews with stinglessbee beekeepers, and expeditions were conducted to confirm the natural occurrence of the species. A total of 102 municipalities showed records for M. scutellaris, whose occurrence was observed in areas ranging from sea level up to 1,200-meter height. The occurrence of this species in the state of Bahia is considered to be restricted to municipalities on the coastal area and the Chapada Diamantina with its rainforests. Geographic coordinates, elevation, climate and vegetation data were obtained, which allowed a map to be prepared for the area of occurrence in order to support conservation and management policies for the species.A abelha Melipona scutellaris é considerada a espécie criada de meliponíneo com maior distribuição no norte e nordeste do Brasil, com ocorrência registradas desde o Estado do Grande do Norte até o Estado da Bahia. Considerando a importância desta espécie na geração de renda para agricultura familiar e na manutenção de áreas com vegetação natural, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a distribuição de colônias naturais de M. scutellaris no Estado da Bahia. Informações de literatura, entrevistas com meliponicultores e expedições foram realizadas para confirmar a ocorrência natural da espécie. Um total de 102 municípios apresentou registro de M. scutellaris, cuja ocorrência foi observada em áreas desde o nível do mar até 1.200 metros de altitude. A
Occurrence of Prosthenorchis elegans in Free-living Primates from the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil.
Catenacci, Lilian S; Colosio, Adriana C; Oliveira, Leonardo C; De Vleeschouwer, Kristel M; Munhoz, Alexandre D; Deem, Sharon L; Pinto, Jaqueline M S
Parasite prevalence and abundance are important factors affecting species' conservation. During necropsies on a free-living golden-headed lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysomelas ) and two Wied's marmosets ( Callithrix kuhlii ) in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil, we collected a large number of adult intestinal parasites that we identified as Prosthenorchis elegans. This parasite is pathogenic for neotropical primates. Prosthenorchis spp. infestation is influenced by diet with increased risk of exposure from ingesting invertebrate intermediate hosts. The biological similarities and sympatric nature of these two nonhuman primates support that they may harbor similar infectious and parasitic agents. PMID:26981688
Occurrence of new species of mealybug on cotton fields in the states of Bahia and Paraíba, Brazil
Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva
Full Text Available The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae has been reported occurring in several countries causing severe losses in economically important crops, including cotton. Based on information reported by farmers in the regions of the Southwest and Middle São Francisco, Bahia and also in the regions of the Agreste and Semi-arid of the Paraiba State, high infestations of cotton mealybugs have occurred in these regions during the cotton season of 2007 and 2008. The cotton mealybug was identified as P. solenopsis and this represents the first record of this insect attacking cotton in Brazil.
Frequency and foraging behavior of Apis mellifera in two melon hybrids in Juazeiro, state of Bahia, Brazil.
Kiill, Lúcia H P; Siqueira, Kátia M M; Coelho, Márcia S; Silva, Tamires A; Gama, Diego R S; Araújo, Diego C S; Pereira Neto, Joaquim
The study was carried out to verify if there are differences in foraging frequency and behavior of Apis mellifera in two melon hybrids (10:00 - 'Yellow melon' and Sancho -'Piel de Sapo') in the municipality of Juazeiro, state of Bahia, Brazil. The frequency, behavior of visitors and the floral resource foraged were registered from 5:00 am to 6:00 pm. There was a significant difference in the frequency of visits when comparing hydrids (F = 103.74, p floral type (F = 47.25, p floral resources available. This could be solved with scaled planting, avoiding the overlapping of flowering of both types. PMID:25590739
Plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil.
França, F; Lago, E L; Marsden, P D
This paper records the plants used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (L(V)b) among the rural population of a cocoa-producing coastal area of Bahia state, Brazil. An enquiry conducted among a hundred patients identified 49 plants species used to treat skin ulceration caused by this Leishmania species. The principal plants used are caju-branco (Anacardium occidentale, Anacardiaceae), used by 65% of the population, folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta,Melastomataceae) 39%, alfavaca-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus, Lamiaceae) 33%, mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodiaceae) 31%, erva-de-santa-maria (Solanum americanum, Solanaceae) (25%) and transagem (Plantago major, Plantaginaceae) 2%. PMID:8701041
Plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil
Flávio França
Full Text Available This paper records the plants used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis (L(Vb among the rural population of a cocoa- producing coastal area of Bahia state, Brazil. An enquiry conducted among a hundred patients identified 49 plant species used to treat skin ulceration caused by this Leishmania species. The principal plants used are caju-branco (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae, used by 65% of the population, folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta - Melastomataceae 39%, alfavaca-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus - Lamiaceae 33%, mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides - Chenopodiaceae 31%, erva-de-santa-maria (Solatium americanum - Solanaceae (25% and transagem (Plantago major - Plantaginaceae. 2%.
Elementary and isotopic geochemistry of vein goethite in laterite-gossanic crusts from the Igarape Bahia gold mine (Carajas, Brazil)
The lateritic crusts of the gold mine from the Igarape Bahia, in Carajas, situated at Para state, Brazil, present themselves frequently sectioned by the goethite sub-vertical veins. The veins have the following measures: until 10 cm of thickness and more than 6 m of length. This work aims to characterize the textural, mineralogical and chemical aspects of these veins, in order to understand its evolution, mainly the relation with the laterites and its geological importance, including the aspects referents to the mineral prospecting. (author)
Spatial distribution of triatomines (Reduviidae: Triatominae in urban areas of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Karine de Souza O. Santana
Full Text Available Environmental changes have a strong influence on the emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases. The city of Salvador, Brazil -currently the focus of a housing boom linked to massive deforestation- is an example in point as the destruction of the remaining areas of the Atlantic Forest around the city has led to an increased risk for Chagas disease. Human domiciles have been invaded by the triatomine vectors of Trypansoma cruzi, the flagellate protozoan causing Chagas disease, a problem of particular concern in urban/suburban areas of the city such as the Patamares sector in the north-east, where numbers of both the vector and human cases of the disease have increased lately. To control and prevent further deterioration of the situation, the control programme for Chagas disease, developed by the Bahia Center for Zoonosis Control, has divided the area into a grid of designated surveillance units (ZIs that are subjected to vector examination. In six out of 98 of these ZIs, 988 triatomes were collected and georeferenced during the 3-year period between 2006 and 2009. The hottest months, that are also generally the driest, showed the highest numbers of triatomines with Triatoma tibiamaculata being the predominant species (98.3% with Panstrongylus geniculatus present only occasionally (0.6%. Fifty-four percent of all triatomines captured were found inside the homes, and 48.6% out of 479 individuals in the affected ZIs selected for analysis tested positive for T. cruzi infection. The study presented here is a pioneering initiative to map the spatial distribution of triatomines based on geographical information systems with the additional aim of contributing to an expanded knowledge-base about T. cruzi and its vectors in urban areas and raise public health awareness of the risks involved.
Phenological synchrony and seasonality of understory Rubiaceae in the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil
Heitor Scarpati Liuth
Full Text Available In tropical forests with low seasonality, climatic variables generally exert a weak influence on the phenology of species. The seasonality of phenophases in closely related taxa can be controlled by phylogenetic constraints in such environments. In this study, our aim was to describe the phenology of Rubiaceae in the understory of the Atlantic Forest in the southern part of Bahia, Brazil, as well as to evaluate the seasonality and phenological synchrony of this family. For two years, we observed 90 individuals belonging to 13 species, in an area of 0.2 ha. Leaf flushing and leaf fall did not demonstrate any seasonality, were continuous for most species and correlated with few of the climatic variables. Flowering was seasonal and correlated positively with all climatic variables. Species exhibited seasonality for this phenophase with high flowering overlap among species of Psychotria, indicating an aggregated pattern for this genus. Fruiting was also seasonal and correlated with all the climatic variables, unripe fruit development peaking at the beginning of the season during which humidity is highest and fruit ripening peaking in the season during which humidity is slightly lower. The vegetative and flowering patterns observed in the study area are commonly seen in other tropical forests. The reproductive seasonality of this family can facilitate the attraction of biotic agents, as postulated in the facilitation hypothesis. Our results demonstrate that climatic variables influenced the phenological patterns observed here, although the high reproductive seasonality and interspecific synchrony, especially in congeneric species, raises the possibility that phylogenetic proximity plays a role in the pattern of the family Rubiaceae.
Validation of a food frequency questionnaire designed for adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Jean Márcia Oliveira MASCARENHAS
Full Text Available Objective: This study assessed the validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire used to assess food intake in adolescents in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Seventy adolescents enrolled in public schools aged 11 to 17 years participated in this study. The dietary intake of the adolescents was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the mean value of three-day food record, used as the reference method. The mean (and standard deviation energy and nutrient intakes estimated from the Food Frequency Questionnaire and food records were calculated. The paired Student's t test was used to determine differences between the data. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient and Kappa statistics were used to measure the strength of the association between the two instruments. There was variation in the crude unadjusted (r=0.61-0.73 and deattenuated (r=0.33-0.99 Pearson correlation coefficients. After adjusting for energy, the crude and deattenuated coefficients ranged from r=0.53-0.81 and r=0.27-0.99, respectively. The intake of energy and most nutrients were found to be adequate, except for fiber (r=0.27 and calcium (r=0.33, which showed a weak correlation. Kappa statistics showed good correlation between all values varying from r=0.47 to 0.73. Conclusion: It is considered that an average r value greater than 0.40 indicates a good correlation, the results obtained indicate the good ability of the Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess individuals according to their usual intake of most nutrients.
New geological model of the Lagoa Real uraniferous albitites from Bahia (Brazil)
Oliveira Chaves, Alexandre
New evidence supported by petrography (including mineral chemistry), lithogeochemistry, U-Pb geochronology by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and physicochemical study of fluid and melt inclusions by LA-ICP-MS and microthermometry, point to an orogenic setting of Lagoa Real (Bahia-Brazil) involving uraniferous mineralization. Unlike the previous models in which uraniferous albitites represent Na-metasomatised 1.75 Ga anorogenic granitic rocks, it is understood here that they correspond to metamorphosed sodium-rich and quartz-free 1.9 Ga late-orogenic syenitic rocks (Na-metasyenites). These syenitic rocks are rich not only in albite, but also in U-rich titanite (source of uranium). The interpretation of geochemical data points to a petrogenetic connection between alkali-diorite (local amphibolite protolith) and sodic syenite by fractional crystallization through a transalkaline series. This magmatic differentiation occurred either before or during shear processes, which in turn led to albitite and amphibolite formation. The metamorphic reactions, which include intense recrystallization of magmatic minerals, led uraninite to precipitate at 1.87 Ga under Oxidation/Reduction control. A second population of uraninites was also generated by the reactivation of shear zones during the 0.6 Ga Brasiliano Orogeny. The geotectonic implications include the importance of the Orosirian event in the Paramirim Block during paleoproterozoic Săo Francisco Craton edification and the influence of the Brasiliano event in the Paramirim Block during the West-Gondwana assembly processes. The regional microcline-gneiss, whose protolith is a 2.0 Ga syn-collisional potassic granite, represents the albitite host rock. The microcilne-gneiss has no petrogenetic association to the syenite (albitite protolith) in magmatic evolutionary terms.
Aptidão agroclimática da cultura da videira no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Agroclimatic aptitude of vine crop in Bahia State, Brazil
Antônio H. de C. Teixeira
Full Text Available Para delimitação das áreas com diferentes aptidões agroclimáticas para o cultivo da videira (Vitis vinifera L. no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, foram utilizados índices baseados no balanço hídrico climático e nas temperaturas médias do ar. Inicialmente calcularam-se os balanços hídricos pelo método de "Thornthwaite & Mather-1955", utilizando-se 120 mm de retenção de água no solo, com dados climatológicos das regiões de dispersão natural e de cultivo comercial da espécie. Com os dados desses balanços, determinou-se o índice hídrico anual de Thornthwaite (Ih, caracterizando-se o grau de umidade ideal do clima para a cultura. Posteriormente, utilizando-se os valores de temperatura do ar e de precipitação pluvial mensais de 408 localidades do Estado, calcularam-se os balanços hídricos para a mesma capacidade de armazenamento de água no solo e se constatou que não há limitação térmica para o cultivo da espécie na Bahia, sendo os maiores teores de açúcar obtidos nos locais com temperaturas mais elevadas. Portanto, as zonas com aptidão plena foram subdivididas de acordo com os valores de temperatura média do mês mais quente (Tq de cada local considerado. A sobreposição das isolinhas de Tq e Ih, no Estado resultou em quatro classes de aptidão agroclimática.The use of agroclimatic indexes based on water balance and air temperature means, allowed the characterization of areas with different aptitude for grape (Vitis vinifera L. crop growth in Bahia State, Brazil. Thornthwaite and Mather (1955 water balance for 120 mm soil moisture capacity, of the regions of natural dispersion and of areas of commercial crop production was used to determine the annual hydric index of Thornthwaite (Ih in the characterization of ideal hydric conditions of climate for the crop growth. Monthly climatic values of temperature and rainfall were used to obtain the water balance for the same soil moisture capacity for 408 locations of Bahia
Polinização do dendezeiro por besouros no sul da Bahia Pollination of oil palm by weevils in southern Bahia, Brazil
José Inácio Lacerda Moura
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a taxa de fecundação de dendezeiros, após introdução de Elaeidobius kamerunicus, no Sul da Bahia, e a flutuação populacional, distribuição espacial e a influência de fatores meteorológicos sobre E. kamerunicus e E. subvittatus. Análises físicas de 12 mil espiguetas de dendezeiros foram realizadas em 2004-2006. Na avaliação da relação entre a temperatura média mensal e o total mensal de indivíduos de E. kamerunicus e E. subvittatus, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. A taxa de fecundação foi de 79,4%, um incremento de 19% quando comparado aos dendezeiros polinizados apenas por E. subvittatus. Plantios comerciais de dendezeiros em Ituberá e Nazaré, BA, apresentaram taxas médias de fecundações de 76%. E. kamerunicus foi dominante nos plantios de dendezeiro de Una, BA. Populações de E. kamerunicus sobrepujaram as de E. subvittatus, em todos os municípios onde existem grandes maciços de dendezeiros subespontâneos. No entanto, em Itapebi, BA, as populações de E. subvittatus superaram as de E. kamerunicus. A temperatura e a precipitação pluvial afetam a atividade de vôo e densidade populacional de E. subvittatus.The objective of this work was to determine the fertilization rate of oil palm trees, after the introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus in Southern Bahia, Brazil, and the population fluctuation, spatial distribution and the influence of meteorological factors on E. kamerunicus and E. subvittatus. Physical analyses of 12 thousand oil palm spikelets were accomplished during 2004-2006. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relation between monthly average temperatures and monthly totals of E. kamerunicus and E. subvittatus individuals. The fertilization rate was 79.4%, an increase of 19% when compared to palm trees pollinated only by E. subvittatus. Commercial plantations of oil palm, in Ituberá and Nazaré, BA, presented 76% mean rates of fertilization. E
Education reform, race, and politics in Bahia, Brazil Reforma escolar, racismo y políticas locales en Bahia, Brasil Reforma educacional, racial e política na Bahia, Brasil
Bernd Reiter
Full Text Available This article discusses the main findings and conclusions from my field research evaluating education reform in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Data collection was done during two exploratory research trips to Salvador, the state capital, in 2001 and in 2005. The Bahian Education Reform, initiated by the state government in 1999 and funded to a great extent by the World Bank, has achieved some very significant goals, most importantly the expansion of high school education and the broadening of access to primary education in areas where access was far from universal. My research nevertheless points to some sever shortcomings, namely with regard to the situation of Afro-Brazilians. Structural racism provides one of the strongest explanations for this shortcoming. Structural racism in Bahia lowers teachers' and principals' expectations about the potential for academic achievement of poor Afro-Brazilians; structural racism widens the gap between students and principals, contributing to a mutual alienation of this two groups and jeopardizing the creation of strategic alliances and synergies inside schools; and it alienates schools from neighborhoods, impeding meaningful community and parental involvement in school management. Finally, the low recognition that public teachers receive from society as a whole, reflected by low salaries, and a general lack of institutional incentive structures that reward outstanding performance and sanction under-average performance have transformed Bahian public education into a desperado system, where the motivations of teachers and students are systematically grinded and their hopes frustrated.Este artículo discute las conclusiones principales de mi investigación en la que evalúo la reforma escolar en el estado de Bahia, Brasil. La recolección de datos fue realizada durante dos viajes exploratorios de investigación a Salvador, la capital del estado, en 2001 y en 2005. La Reforma Educacional en Bahia iniciada por el
ßS-Haplotypes in sickle cell anemia patients from Salvador, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Gonçalves M.S.
Full Text Available ßS-Globin haplotypes were studied in 80 (160 ßS chromosomes sickle cell disease patients from Salvador, Brazil, a city with a large population of African origin resulting from the slave trade from Western Africa, mainly from the Bay of Benin. Hematological and hemoglobin analyses were carried out by standard methods. The ßS-haplotypes were determined by PCR and dot-blot techniques. A total of 77 (48.1% chromosomes were characterized as Central African Republic (CAR haplotype, 73 (45.6% as Benin (BEN, 1 (0.63% as Senegal (SEN, and 9 (5.63% as atypical (Atp. Genotype was CAR/CAR in 17 (21.3% patients, BEN/BEN in 17 (21.3%, CAR/BEN in 37 (46.3%, BEN/SEN in 1 (1.25%, BEN/Atp in 1 (1.25%, CAR/Atp in 6 (7.5%, and Atp/Atp in 1 (1.25%. Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values did not differ among genotype groups but were significantly higher in 25 patients presenting percent fetal hemoglobin (%HbF > or = 10% (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively. The median HbF concentration was 7.54 ± 4.342% for the CAR/CAR genotype, 9.88 ± 3.558% for the BEN/BEN genotype, 8.146 ± 4.631% for the CAR/BEN genotype, and 4.180 ± 2.250% for the CAR/Atp genotype (P = 0.02, although 1 CAR/CAR individual presented an HbF concentration as high as 15%. In view of the ethnic and geographical origin of this population, we did not expect a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for CAR/CAR and BEN/BEN homozygous haplotypes and a high proportion of heterozygous CAR/BEN haplotypes since the State of Bahia historically received more slaves from Western Africa than from Central Africa.
Genetic Structure and Molecular Diversity of Cacao Plants Established as Local Varieties for More than Two Centuries: The Genetic History of Cacao Plantations in Bahia, Brazil
Santos, Elisa S. L.; Cerqueira-Silva, Carlos Bernard M.; Mori, Gustavo M.; Ahnert, Dário; Mello, Durval L. N.; Pires, José Luis; Ronan X. Corrêa; Anete P. Souza
Bahia is the most important cacao-producing state in Brazil, which is currently the sixth-largest country worldwide to produce cacao seeds. In the eighteenth century, the Comum, Pará and Maranhão varieties of cacao were introduced into southern Bahia, and their descendants, which are called 'Bahian cacao' or local Bahian varieties, have been cultivated for over 200 years. Comum plants have been used to start plantations in African countries and extended as far as countries in South Asia and O...
Schooling for Some: Local Financial Commitment to Basic Education in Bahia, Brazil.
Plank, David N.; Verhine, Robert E.
Recent literature on Brazilian educational finance has documented low expenditure levels and problems of efficiency, efficacy, and equity. This paper analyzes financial data from Bahia state "municipios" and examines revenue and expenditure trends to explain variations in financial commitment across "municipios." Local interest in education, not…
New Occurrence Data of Neotropical Otters Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818, in Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil
Souto L.R.A.
Full Text Available Very little is known about the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis in the Brazilian state of Bahia. The purpose of this study was to record the number and location of sites where otters have been recorded in this area. Between 1988 and 2009, there were 29 records of otters in Bahia, including the collection of 13 living (9 and dead (4 otters. Of the live otters, 61.53% were adults and 38.46% pups. Five of these were males, five were females and the gender of three individual was not established. The majority (41,37% of otter records were made in northern Bahia, and 31.03% were made in southern Bahia (31.03%. Eight records (27,58% were made in the area around Todos os Santos bay, including seven sites where the species was not previously known to occur. No observations were made in the mid-west region of the state, so future studies are needed in this region.
Prospección de hongos Entomophthorales para el control natural de insectos en Bahía, Brasil [Prospecting Entomophthoralean fungi for the natural control of insects in Bahia, Brazil
Research on Entomophthorales fungi in southern Bahia State, Brazil, included enzootic and epizootic studies on the dynamics of entomophthoromycosis and their interrelations with insect populations of various insect orders, geographical distributions and incidence on crops, natural grasses and other ...
Plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil
Flávio França
Full Text Available This paper records the plants used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis (L(Vb among the rural population of a cocoa- producing coastal area of Bahia state, Brazil. An enquiry conducted among a hundred patients identified 49 plant species used to treat skin ulceration caused by this Leishmania species. The principal plants used are caju-branco (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae, used by 65% of the population, folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta - Melastomataceae 39%, alfavaca-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus - Lamiaceae 33%, mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides - Chenopodiaceae 31%, erva-de-santa-maria (Solatium americanum - Solanaceae (25% and transagem (Plantago major - Plantaginaceae. 2%.Este trabalho relata as plantas usadas no tratamento da leishmaniose cutânea, causada por Leishmania (Viannia braziliensis (L(Vb, na população rural da faixa litorânea produtora de cacau do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Um inquérito realizado entre 100 pacientes, identificou 49 espécies de plantas usadas para tratar úlceras de pele causadas por esta espécie de Leishmânia. As principais plantas usadas foram o cajueiro-branco (Anacardium occidentale - Anacardiaceae usado por 65% da população, a folha-fogo (Clidemia hirta - Melastomataceae 39%, a alfavaca-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus - Lamiaceae 33%, o mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides - henopodiaceae 31%, a erva-de-santa-maria (Solanum americanum - Solanaceae 25% e a transagem (Plantago major - Plantaginaceae 2%.
Local knowledge of traditional fishermen on economically important crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura in the city of Conde, Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil
de Magalhães Henrique
Full Text Available Abstract Background This article records the traditional knowledge of crab gatherers in the city of Conde, in the North Coast Region of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Methods Data on biological and ecological aspects of economically important brachyuran crustaceans have been obtained from semi-structured interviews and in loco observations conducted from September 2007 to December 2009. A total of 57 fishermen of both genders, aged between 10 and 78 years have been interviewed (individually or collectively in different contexts; interviewees were asked about aspects such as external morphology, life cycle, trophic ecology, and spatial and temporal distribution of the major economically important brachyuran crustaceans in the region. Seven fishing communities were visited: Siribinha, Sítio do Conde, Poças, Ilha das Ostras, Cobó, Buri and Sempre Viva. Data were analyzed by comparing the information provided by participants with those from the specialized academic literature. Results The results show that artisanal fishermen have a wide ranging and well-grounded knowledge on the ecological and biological aspects of crustaceans. Crab gatherers of Conde know about growth and reproductive behavior of the animals they interact with, especially with regard to the three major biological aspects: "molt", "walking dance" and "spawning". Conclusion This knowledge constitutes an important source of information that should be considered in studies of management and sustainable use of fishery resources in the North Coast Region of Bahia State.
Fauna Triatominae do Estado de Bahia, Brasil.V - Microtriatoma pratai sp. n. Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolboderini Triatomidae fauna of the State of Bahia, Brazil. V - Microtriatoma pratai sp. n. - Hemiptera,Reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolderini
Ítalo A. Sherlock
Full Text Available Microtriatoma pratai sp. n. de Hemíptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolboderini, é descrita no presente trabalho com base em um exemplar coletado em domicílio da cidade do Salvador, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. A espécie se distingue facilmente das outras conhecidas do gênero, principalmente por apresentar asas sem manchas e conexivo com largas manchas claras e escuras alternadas.Microtriatoma pratai n. sp. (Hemíptera, reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolboderini is described from a single specimen collected inside a house in the city of Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. This species is easily distinguished from the others belonging to the genus principally by the existence of alternating broad light and dark coloured spots on the connexivum and the absence of spots on the hemelytra.
Ocorrência de Platynosomum illiciens em felinos selvagens mantidos em cativeiro no estado da Bahia, Brasil Occurrence of Platynosomum illiciens in enclosured wild cats in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Letícia S. de Castro
Full Text Available O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de ovos de Platynosomum illiciens nas fezes de três espécies de felídeos silvestres Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Panthera onca e Leopardus tigrinus coletados nos recintos do Parque Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Sendo o primeiro registro deste parasito em P. onca e F. tigrinus.This paper reports the occurrence of eggs of Platynosomum illiciens, found in the feces of three species of wild cats Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Puma concolor and Leopardus tigrinus from material collected at the enclosures of the Park Zoobotânico Getúlio Vargas in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It is the first record of this parasite in P. onca and L. tigrinus.
Preliminary evaluations of social and environmental impacts from mine-industrial project - uranium of Lagoa Real, Bahia, Brazil
The Uranium Province of Lagoa Real is situated in the central south of the State of Bahia and constitutes at the moment the second uranium resource of Brazil, containing, in several anomalies, as available resource, 93.850 ton. of U sub(3) O sub(8). The Uranio do Brasil S.A. develops a mine-industrial complex in this Province with the aim to extract and benefit uranium and intending to improve in 1992. The project is considered with high hazard, because involves te management of radioactive material, and becomes necessary an available of environmental impact, in accordance with CONAMA 001/86 and an active participation of the society. This paper aims to indentify the social and environmental impacts of this process, as a contribution of this important discussion. (author)
Serological studies on an outbreak of smallpox in the State of Bahia - Brazil in 1969
Eduardo de Azeredo Costa
Full Text Available Four weeks after Containment Vaccination undertaken against the largest outbreak of smallpox occured in Brazil in 1969, that of the municipality of Utinga, Bahia, 99 samples of serum were collected from the local population. These samples were classified in four groups: a - Individuals with a history of variola prior to the beginning of present outbreak in town (15 sera; "Previous smallpox group"; b - Individuals with primary vaccination, with no record variola, at the time of containment measures (15 sera. "Primary vaccinated group"; c - Individuals with no previous record of variola revaccinated with "take" at the time of containment (15 sera0, "Revaccinated group"; d - Individuals who contracted variola in present outbreak (54 sera these were subdivided in four sub-groups, according to dates on which cases ocurred, "Variola in outbreak group". Serological study of samples was done by tests of hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization, and complement fixation. It was observed that HI titers were significantly lower in cases of previous smallpox than in other groups. Although they were slightly higher on revaccinated individuals than on primary vaccinated group and than in the group of variola in outbreak, this difference was not significant. Those same antibodies were present in all cases of variola in outbreak, and it was found that titers decreased in direct proportion to time elapsed from occurrence of cases. Neutralizing antibodies proved to be significantly higher on the revaccinated group than on variola in outbreak group, and higher on these than on primary vaccinated and on the previous smallpox groups. In cases from the variola in outbreak it was verified that neutralizing antibodies remained stable, although with great variation in titers. Tests of complement fixation could not be undertaken on all samples, because many of them proved to have anticomplementarity. However, it was found that complement fixing antibodies diminished
Atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of particulate trace metals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
de P. Pereira, Pedro A.; Lopes, Wilson A.; Carvalho, Luiz S.; da Rocha, Gisele O.; de Carvalho Bahia, Nei; Loyola, Josiane; Quiterio, Simone L.; Escaleira, Viviane; Arbilla, Graciela; de Andrade, Jailson B.
Respiratory system is the major route of entry for airborne particulates, being the effect on the human organism dependent on chemical composition of the particles, exposure time and individual susceptibility. Airborne particulate trace metals are considered to represent a health hazard since they may be absorbed into human lung tissues during breathing. Fossil fuel and wood combustion, as well as waste incineration and industrial processes, are the main anthropic sources of metals to the atmosphere. In urban areas, vehicular emissions—and dust resuspension associated to road traffic—become the most important manmade source. This work investigated the atmospheric concentrations of TSP, PM 10 and elements such as iron, manganese, copper and zinc, from three different sites around Salvador Region (Bahia, Brazil), namely: (i) Lapa Bus Station, strongly impacted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles; (ii) Aratu harbor, impacted by an intense movement of goods, including metal ores and concentrates and near industrial centers and; (iii) Bananeira Village located on Maré Island, a non-vehicle-influenced site, with activities such as handcraft work and fishery, although placed near the port. Results have pointed out that TSP concentrations ranged between 16.9 (Bananeira) and 354.0 μg m -3 (Aratu#1), while for PM 10 they ranged between 30.9 and 393.0 μg m -3, both in the Lapa Bus Station. Iron was the major element in both Lapa Station and Aratu (#1 and #2), with average concentrations in the PM 10 samples of 148.9, 79.6 and 205.0 ng m -3, respectively. Zinc, on the other hand, was predominant in samples from Bananeira, with an average concentration of 145.0 ng m -3 in TSP samples, since no PM 10 sample was taken from this site. The main sources of iron in the Lapa Station and Aratu harbor were, respectively, soil resuspension by buses and discharge of solid granaries, as fertilizers and metal ores. On the other hand, zinc and copper in the bus station were mainly from
Facies, Stratigraphic and Depositional Model of the Sediments in the Abrolhos Archipelago (Bahia, BRAZIL)
Matte, R. R.; Zambonato, E. E.
Located in the Mucuri Basin on the continental shelf of southern Bahia state, northeast Brazil, about 70 km from the city of Caravelas,the Abrolhos archipelago is made up of five islands; Santa Barbara, Redonda, Siriba, Guarita and Sueste. The exhumed sediments in the Abrolhos archipelago are a rare record of the turbidite systems which fill the Brazilian Atlantic Basin, and are probably an unprecedented example of a plataform turbidite system (Dr. Mutti, personal communication). Despite the limited area, the outcrops display a wide facies variation produced by different depositional processes, and also allow for the observation of the layer geometries. Associated with such sedimentary rocks, the Abrolhos Volcanic Complex belongs stratigraphically to the Abrolhos Formation. These igneous rocks were dated by the Ar / Ar method, with ages ranging from 60 to 40 My, placing such Volcanic Complex between the Paleocene and Eocene. The sedimentary section is best exposed in the Santa Barbara and Redonda islands and altogether it is 70 m thick. The measured vertical sections show a good stratigraphic correlation between the rocks of the western portion of the first island and those of Redonda Island. However, there is no correlation between the eastern and western portions of Santa Barbara Island, since they are very likely interrupted by the igneous intrusion and possibly by faulting. The sedimentary stack consists of deposits with alternated regressive and transgressive episodes interpreted as high frequency sequences. The coarse facies, sandstones and conglomerates, with abrupt or erosive bases record regressive phases. On the other hand, finer sandstones and siltstones facies, which are partly bioturbated, correspond to phases of a little sediment supply. In the central and eastern portions of Santa Barbara Island, there is a trend of progradational stacking, while both in the western portion of Santa Barbara and in Redonda islands an agradational trend is observed
Perfil antropométrico e consumo alimentar de adolescentes de Teixeira de Freitas - Bahia Anthropometric profile and food intake of adolescents in Teixeira de Freitas - Bahia, Brazil
Jailda Silva Santos
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil antropométrico e o consumo alimentar de adolescentes das escolas públicas de um município do Estado da Bahia. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado com amostra aleatória por conglomerado de 354 alunos, dos 1.678 adolescentes de dezessete a dezenove anos matriculados nas 23 escolas elegíveis do município. Foram coletados dados sobre freqüência de consumo alimentar qualitativo e indicadores antropométricos, como o índice de massa corporal; pregas cutâneas triciptal e subescapular e o indicador altura/idade, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde. Realizou-se análise bivariada e estratificada, sendo a significância estatística verificada pelo qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fischer, com nível crítico de 5%. RESULTADOS: A análise antropométrica evidenciou maior prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade (5,1% no sexo feminino e de magreza no masculino (6,4%; o déficit de crescimento foi observado em 25,0% dos adolescentes, sendo 15,0% de leve a moderado e 10,0% grave. Evidenciou-se também consumo habitual de arroz, feijão, farinha de mandioca, pão francês, manteiga, margarina, açúcar e café, sendo baixo o consumo de produtos lácteos, frutas, legumes e hortaliças; 96,6% dos adolescentes realizavam mais de três refeições diárias e mais de 80,0% alimentavam-se no domicílio. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam a necessidade de implementação de estratégias de prevenção dos problemas nutricionais por meio de uma alimentação e um estilo de vida saudáveis, assim como de estudos sobre os possíveis fatores comprometedores do crescimento dos adolescentes.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the anthropometric profile and food intake in adolescents from public schools in a municipality of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional experimental design was employed with a random conglomerate sample of 354 adolescents, 17 to 19 years old, from a total of 1.678 students enrolled in 23
The occurrence of Callinectes arcuatus ordway, 1863 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae in Bahia, Brazil
Edilson Pires de Gouvêa
Full Text Available During the study of the Carcinofauna of the Bahian Coast, some Brachyura Portunidae were found. Some of these animals were Callinectes arcuatus Ordway, 1863 which has its distribution restricted to the Pacific Ocean, from California to Peru and the Galapagos Islands. This is the first occurrence of this species reported from the Atlantic Ocean and the Brazilian Coast (Bahia, 38º50'Wand 12º50'S.Durante o estudo da carcinofauna do litoral baiano, muitos Braquiuros Portunidae foram encontrados. Alguns destes animais foram Callinectes arcuatus Ordway, 1863 que possuia sua distribuição restrita da Califórnia ao Peru e Ilhas Galápagos, no Oceano Pacífico. Esta é a primeira ocorrência desta espécie no Oceano Atlântico e na Costa Brasileira. (Bahia, 12º50'S e 38º50'W.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea from Serra da Jibóia, Bahia State, Brazil
Thamara Zacca
Resumo. Uma lista das espécies de borboletas da Serra da Jibóia, um maciço montanhoso no Recôncavo baiano, é apresentada com base no exame da coleção entomológica Prof. Johann Becker do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (MZUEFS, visando contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna de borboletas do estado da Bahia. A lista inclui 140 espécies, das quais 86 espécies são novos registros para o estado da Bahia e uma nova espécie do gênero of Perophthalma Westwood (Riodinidae. Nymphalidae foi a família de maior riqueza com 60 espécies. A maioria das espécies listadas possui ampla distribuição geográfica no Brasil e ocorre em áreas abertas.
[Social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) diversity in a cerrado vegetation in Bahia State, Brazil].
de M Santos, Gilberto M; da Cruz, Jucelho D; Marques, Oton M; Gobbi, Nivar
This study aimed to analyze the social wasps species diversity in a cerrado vegetation at the west region of the State of Bahia. Nineteen species of social wasps were found, with Chartergus globiventris de Saussure, Chartergellus communis Richards and Metapolybia cingulata (Fabricius) being recorded for the first time for the State of Bahia. The arboreous cerrado showed a higher species richness (S=19) and diversity (H'=2.33) than the agroecossistems (farms) (S=8; H'=1,84). However, nest abundance was higher at the agroecossystems (N=107 nests) than at the arboreous cerrado (N=87 nests). The physiognomy of 'cerrado campo sujo' showed the lowest abundance of social wasps colonies (N=61 nests) and intermediate values of species richness (S=13) and diversity (H'=2.20). PMID:19618045
Padrões de consumo de medicamentos em dois povoados da Bahia (Brasil Patterns of the consumption of pharmaceutical products in two towns in Bahia, Brazil
Hildebrando Haak
Full Text Available Um estudo realizado junto a núcleos familiares em dois povoados baianos, (Brasil, revelou que os medicamentos modernos são amplamente utilizados no contexto da automedicação. O uso de medicamentos tradicionais foi de relevância limitada nesse quadro. A atitude da população em relação aos medicamentos modernos foi de ampla aceitação. Segundo as normas biomédicas, tal uso deveria ser considerado como irracional. Fatores agravantes nesse quadro foram: 1 a preferência pela aplicação de medicamentos a recém-nascidos; 2 o alto custo financeiro envolvido na compra de medicamentos; 3 o exagerado nível de expectativa em relação aos antibióticos, analgésicos e vitaminas. É recomendada a intensificação de pesquisa sobre o uso de medicamentos em nível local, no intuito de gerar soluções criativas para o problema do uso irracional de remédios. A automedicação poderia tornar-se importante parte da "Assistência Primária à Saúde" e a medicina preventiva poderia desempenhar papel-chave em tal pesquisa e nas subseqüentes campanhas de conscientização do público.A study among families in two villages in rural Bahia, Brazil, reveals that presently pharmaceutical products, are being used in self - medication on a large scale. Traditional remedies appear to have a limited place only. People's attitude towards modern medicines proved to be highy positive. However, when biomedicaly evaluated, the use of the pharmaceutical products has to be considered irrational. Complicating factors are: 1 a preference for the application of pharmaceutical products in infants, 2 the high financial burden to which the population is subject resulting from drug acquisition and 3 the exaggerated expectation with regard to antibiotics, analgesics and vitamin preparations. It is recommended did to do more research into local conditions of drugs use, resulting in creative solutions for irrational drug-use. Self medication could become an important
Floristic catalog and georeference of plant species with economic and ecological potential in a restinga of Mata de São João, Bahia, Brazil
Erivaldo Pereira Queiroz
Full Text Available This paper aims to register in cadastre the species with economic and ecological potential in 46ha of restinga ecosystem, in the municipality of Mata de São João, Bahia, Brazil. A total of 571 specimens, belonging to 109 species and 48 families, was georeferenced (including an additional 39 polygonal lines, and they will be preserved and used as parent plants.
Floristic catalog and georeference of plant species with economic and ecological potential in a restinga of Mata de São João, Bahia, Brazil
Erivaldo Pereira Queiroz
This paper aims to register in cadastre the species with economic and ecological potential in 46ha of restinga ecosystem, in the municipality of Mata de São João, Bahia, Brazil. A total of 571 specimens, belonging to 109 species and 48 families, was georeferenced (including an additional 39 polygonal lines), and they will be preserved and used as parent plants.
Hyphomycetes from soil of an area affected by copper mining activities in the State of Bahia, Brazil Hyphomycetes de solo de uma área de mineração de cobre no Estado da Bahia, Brasil
Isabella P.M. Wanderley Costa; Maria Auxiliadora de Q. Cavalcanti; Fernandes, Maria José S.; Débora M.M. Lima
With the aim of observing the impact produced by copper-mining activities on soil fungi, samples were collected from an area at the Caraíba Mining, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. This area was divided in six sub-areas: one had native vegetation and was used as control, while the others varied according to degrees of impact. The samples, collected during the dry and the rainy seasons, were submitted to serial dilutions and placed on Petri dishes with Sabouraud medium plus antibiotic. Sixty fiv...
Frequency of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora caninum in domestic cats in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Iris Daniela Santos de Meneses
Full Text Available Sarcocystis neurona is the major agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. It infects several mammalian species in the Americas, where the definitive hosts, marsupials of the genus Didelphis (D. virginiana and D. albiventris are found. Domestic cats are one of the confirmed intermediate hosts of the parasite; however, antibodies against S. neurona had never before been demonstrated in Brazilian cats. The aim of this study was to determine whether cats in Bahia, Brazil, are exposed to the parasite. A total of 272 feline serum samples (134 from feral and 138 from house cats were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test using cultured merozoites of S. neurona as antigen. Positivity was detected in 4.0% (11/272 of the tested samples, with titers ranging from 25 to 800. The feline sera were also tested for antibodies against the protozoan Neospora caninum, with an observed antibody frequency of 2.9%. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to report antibodies against S. neurona in Brazilian cats. We conclude that cats are exposed to the parasite in the region of this study. Further investigations are needed to confirm the role of cats in the transmission cycle of S. neurona in Brazil.
Growth and essential oil production by Martianthus leucocephalus grown under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
Bianca Oliveira de Azevedo
Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The semiarid region of Brazil holds a great richness of medicinal and aromatic plants with considerable potential for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and biopesticide industries. Martianthus leucocephalus (Mart. Ex Benth. J. F. B. Pastore is endemic to this region, and its essential oils contain a principle compound, isobornyl formate, which demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Bacilus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In spite of its significant pharmacological potential, little is known about its growth. In light of the influence of seasonality on plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism, the present study evaluated the growth and essential oil content of M. leucocephalus grown and harvested during different months of the year in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with twelve harvesting periods and five replicates. The study acquired monthly data of mean temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall, irradiance, and photoperiod from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET and quantified the fresh and dry weights of leaves, flowers and branches, as well as leaf area, and essential oil content. The data were submitted to Spearman correlation analysis and the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Total leaf masses and oil contents were higher during periods with longer photoperiods and higher solar irradiance. Rainfall and relative humidity reduced plant growth and essential oil content. Higher total mean dry masses were recorded from September to January (except October, while oil content was higher in March.
Frequency of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora caninum in domestic cats in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
Meneses, Iris Daniela Santos de; Andrade, Müller Ribeiro; Uzêda, Rosângela Soares; Bittencourt, Marta Vasconcelos; Lindsay, David Scott; Gondim, Luís Fernando Pita
Sarcocystis neurona is the major agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. It infects several mammalian species in the Americas, where the definitive hosts, marsupials of the genus Didelphis (D. virginiana and D. albiventris) are found. Domestic cats are one of the confirmed intermediate hosts of the parasite; however, antibodies against S. neurona had never before been demonstrated in Brazilian cats. The aim of this study was to determine whether cats in Bahia, Brazil, are exposed to the parasite. A total of 272 feline serum samples (134 from feral and 138 from house cats) were subjected to an indirect fluorescent antibody test using cultured merozoites of S. neurona as antigen. Positivity was detected in 4.0% (11/272) of the tested samples, with titers ranging from 25 to 800. The feline sera were also tested for antibodies against the protozoan Neospora caninum, with an observed antibody frequency of 2.9%. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to report antibodies against S. neurona in Brazilian cats. We conclude that cats are exposed to the parasite in the region of this study. Further investigations are needed to confirm the role of cats in the transmission cycle of S. neurona in Brazil. PMID:25517534
Joelma da Silva Santos
Full Text Available Maize is among the most important crops in the world. This plant species can be colonized by diazotrophic bacteria able to convert atmospheric N into ammonium under natural conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of the diazotrophic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae (ZAE94 and isolate new strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria in maize grown in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Area of the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Inoculation was performed with peat substrate, with and without inoculation containing strain ZAE94 of H. seropedicae and four rates of N, in the form of ammonium sulfate (0, 60, 100, and 140 kg ha-1 N. After 45 days, plant height, dry matter accumulation in shoots, percentage of N, and total N (NTotal were evaluated. The bacteria were isolated from root and shoot fragments of the absolute control; the technique of the most probable number and identification of bacteria were used. The new isolates were physiologically characterized for production of indole acetic acid (IAA and nitrogenase activity. We obtained 30 isolates from maize plants. Inoculation with strain ZAE94 promoted an increase of 14.3 % in shoot dry mass and of 44.3 % in NTotal when associated with the rate 60 kg ha-1 N. The strains N11 and N13 performed best with regard to IAA production and J06, J08, J10, and N15 stood out in acetylene reduction activity, demonstrating potential for inoculation of maize.
Clinical and radiological analysis of children and adolescents with tuberculosis in Bahia, Brazil
Rosana Franco; Maria Angélica Santana; Eliana Matos; Virgínia Sousa; Antônio Carlos M. Lemos
We reviewed the clinical and radiological characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents at the Hospital Especializado Octávio Mangabeira, (HEOM) in Salvador, Bahia. This study included 275 TB patients aged 1 to 15 years seen between January 1990 and November 2001. Standardized forms were filled out on the basis of a review of patient records and x-rays. Through a retrospective and descriptive analysis, it was found that 51.6% were male, 35.3% were aged 1 to 5 years, 28% wer...
Determinants of homicides in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in 2009
Carlos Augusto Moreira de Sousa
Full Text Available PURPOSE: To carry out a study of association between socioeconomic and demographic factors and homicides in general population, in the state of Bahia, in 2009. METHODS: This is an ecological study. The data were collected from the database of the Information System about Mortality of the Ministry of Health, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Institute of Applied Economic Research. The Global Moran index was calculated for the detection of spatial autocorrelation, and the Local Moran index was calculated for the detection of spatial Clusters. The transformation in the variable answer (homicides rates was performed and it was shaped using the Conditional Autoregressive Model. RESULTS: The data showed spatial autocorrelation. Two clusters of municipalities with high rates of homicides were identified, one located predominantly in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Salvador and the other in the South Region of Bahia, especially Eunápolis and Lauro de Freitas, which had the highest rates. The Average Residents Variables, local GDP and the Percentage of Illiteracy presented an inverse association with homicide rates, and the variables Firjan's municipal development index of work and income. Enrolment in high school and the Average of Bolsa Família were directly associated. CONCLUSIONS: The urbanization process, in most cases, not controlled by the State, in most cases, made the cities bigger and with better socioeconomic conditions, attraction centers for people with different socioeconomic levels, increasing the social inequality among the residents of these regions, with parallel increase in homicide rates.
Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social class in Bahia, Brazil Determinantes sociais e padrões de consumo de álcool na Bahia, Brasil
Naomar Almeida-Filho
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week. RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male, marital status (single, migration (non-migrant, better educated (college level, and social class (upper. No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%. A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.OBJETIVOS: Investigar padrões de consumo de álcool e prevalência de consumo de alto risco. MÉTODOS: Inquérito domiciliar realizado no município de Salvador, Bahia, com amostra de 2.302 adultos. Casos de consumo de alto risco foram definidos como sujeitos que referiram uso diário ou semanal mais episódios de embriaguez, além daqueles que
A quality assessment of crude palm oil marketed in Bahia, Brazil
de Almeida, D. T.
Full Text Available The characteristics of the quality of crude palm oil (CPO and crude palm olein (CPOL produced in the states of Bahia and Pará were investigated. Twelve oil samples were analyzed; 2 (CPO were from Pará (produced industrially, while the other 10 were from Bahia (3 CPOs and 3 CPOLs produced industrially, while 1 CPOL and 3 CPOs were traditionally processed. The chemical analyses included the determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, free fatty acids (FFA%, peroxide value (PV, induction time (IT, total carotenoids (TC and total polar compounds (TPC. The major saturated fatty acids in these samples were palmitic (34.79-42.89 g 100 g–1 and stearic (4.49-5.84 g 100 g–1 acid, and the main unsaturated fatty acids were oleic (37.31-43.69 g 100 g–1 and linoleic (9.04- 12.74 g100 g–1 acid. All samples produced in Bahia exhibited higher FFA (6.77-13.49% and TPC (13.71-19.50% levels than permitted in the international quality standards, unlike the samples produced in Pará. TC, PV and IT ranged from 422.1 to 584.2 mg g–1, 1.32 to 3.7 meq O2 kg–1 oil and 1.72 to 4.66 h, respectively. PV, FFA and TPC were inversely correlated with TC and IT. The use of inappropriate oil extraction processes in Bahia is clearly becoming a food safety problem.Las características de calidad del aceite de palma crudo (CPO y oleína de palma cruda (CPOL producidos en los estados de Bahía y Pará fueron investigados. Se analizaron doce muestras de aceites; 2 (CPO eran de Pará (producido industrialmente, mientras que las otras 10 procedían de Bahía (3 CPOs y 3 CPOLs producidos industrialmente, mientras que 1 CPOL y 3 CPOs fueron procesadas tradicionalmente. El análisis químico incluyó la determinación de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAME, ácidos grasos libres (FFA%, índice de peróxido (PV, el tiempo de inducción (TI, los carotenoides totales (TC y el total de compuestos polares (TPC. Los principales ácidos grasos saturados en estas muestras
U-Pb aging of the sodalite-syenite (Blue-Bahia) mineralization in the Lichfield stock of Itaju do Colonia, southern Bahia, Brazil
The Litchfieldite Stock of Itaju do Colonia is one of the intrusions from the Alkaline Province of the South Bahia State, which host the blue coloured sodalite-syenite ore. The U-Pb isotopic results for titanite from the sodalite-syenites of this complex yield an age of 732 ± 8 Ma, which is interpreted as the crystallization age for the blue-sodalite-ore. (author)
Tmesiphantes mirim sp. nov. (Araneae: Theraphosidae from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil, biogeographical notes and identification keys for species of the genus
Willian Fabiano-da-Silva
Full Text Available A new species of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 is described and illustrated, based on eight male specimens collected at the Una Biological Reserve, southern state of Bahia, Brazil. It is distinguished by the morphology of male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis. The new species is very small and is the smallest theraphosid described to date (body length 5.5 mm. It is distinguished from congeners by the size, which vary from 12 mm (T. riopretano to 23.8 mm (T. nubilus in other species of the genus, aspect of palpal bulb, sternal posterior sigillae close to sternal margin and by the aspect of tibial apophysis which lacks the prolateral branch. Tmesiphantes presently comprises nine species. Sixth have been described for the southern region of Bahia, a well known area of endemism in the Atlantic Forest. Identification keys for Tmesiphantes males and females are presented.
"Cricket singing means rain": semiotic meaning of insects in the district of Pedra Branca, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil.
Costa Neto, Eraldo M
This paper deals with the semiotic meanings which are given both to the appearance and/or behavior of insect species according to the ethnoentomological knowledge of the inhabitants of the village of Pedra Branca, Bahia State, Brazil. Data were collected from February to May 2001 by performing open-ended, recorded interviews with nine men and twenty-five women, whose ages ranged from 19 to 82 years old. Data were analyzed by using the union model, which involves considering all available information on the surveyed subject. Twelve kinds of insects were associated with both beneficial and harmful events, as well as with the indication of changing weather. The way local people perceive and interpret the appearance and/or behavior of certain species of insects depends on the cultural background of each inhabitant. The following semiotic meanings were recorded: fatal, funereal, auspicial, meteorological, societal, monetary, and of abundance or scarcity. The beliefs in the augural power of insects in the village of Pedra Branca are deep-rooted in the local tradition and are transmitted from generation to generation through oral culture. It is hoped that the data now available will be incorporated into a curriculum by those researchers interested in insect conservation and ethnobiology as well. PMID:16532207
C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and variant hemoglobins: a study in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Fábio David Couto
Full Text Available The C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR is associated with an increase in total homocysteine serum levels (tHcy, described as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Eight hundred forty-three neonates from two different maternity hospitals, one public and another private, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil were screened for this polymorphism by PCR and RFLP. The T-allele frequency in the total sample was 0.23, and the prevalence rates of heterozygous and homozygous carriers were 36.2% and 5.3%, respectively. The T-allele frequency differed and the T/T genotype was more prevalent at the private maternity hospital. The hemoglobin (Hb profile was investigated by HPLC in 763 newborns. The frequency of variant Hb was higher at the public than at the private maternity hospital. The association of the C677T polymorphism and the Hb profile was investigated in 683 newborns, showing a relatively high frequency of variant Hbs and the T allele. These data could provide an important basis for further studies focusing on potential risks of vaso-occlusive events in these individuals.
C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and variant hemoglobins: a study in newborns from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Couto Fábio David
Full Text Available The C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR is associated with an increase in total homocysteine serum levels (tHcy, described as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Eight hundred forty-three neonates from two different maternity hospitals, one public and another private, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil were screened for this polymorphism by PCR and RFLP. The T-allele frequency in the total sample was 0.23, and the prevalence rates of heterozygous and homozygous carriers were 36.2% and 5.3%, respectively. The T-allele frequency differed and the T/T genotype was more prevalent at the private maternity hospital. The hemoglobin (Hb profile was investigated by HPLC in 763 newborns. The frequency of variant Hb was higher at the public than at the private maternity hospital. The association of the C677T polymorphism and the Hb profile was investigated in 683 newborns, showing a relatively high frequency of variant Hbs and the T allele. These data could provide an important basis for further studies focusing on potential risks of vaso-occlusive events in these individuals.
Prevalence of behavior problems and associated factors in preschool children from the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil
Letícia M. dos Santos
Full Text Available Objective:To identify the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among preschoolers from the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, and their associations with maternal mental health and family characteristics.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 349 children aged 49 to 72 months, randomly selected from 20,000 households representing the range of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in Salvador. In 1999, we assessed sociodemographic variables and family environment characteristics. In 2001, we used the Child Behavior Checklist to measure and describe the frequencies of behavior problems. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis to estimate associations between family and maternal factors and prevalence of behavior problems.Results:The overall prevalence of behavior problems was 23.5%. The prevalence of internalizing problems was 9.7%, and that of externalizing problems, 25.2%. Behavior problems were associated with several maternal mental health variables, namely: presence of at least one psychiatric diagnosis (odds radio [OR] 3.01, 95%CI 1.75-5.18, anxiety disorder (OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.20-3.46, affective disorder (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.21-3.65, and mental health disorders due to use of psychoactive substances (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.18-4.55.Conclusion:The observed prevalence of child behavior problems fell within the range reported in previous studies. Maternal mental health is an important risk factor for behavior problems in preschool-aged children.
Baseline trace elements in the seagrass Halodule wrightii Aschers (Cymodoceaceae) from Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil.
Brito, Geysa B; de Souza, Thaís L; Costa, Fernanda do N; Moura, Carlos W N; Korn, Maria Graças A
Trace elements concentrations (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were found in samples of Halodule wrightii Aschers (Cymodoceaceae) seagrass from Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This bay has been impacted by the presence of industrial activity that includes chemical and petrochemical plants as well as an oil refinery and harbor activities located in the north and northeastern area. Samples were collected at 4 stations to evaluate the distribution of element concentrations in this area and under different climatic conditions. The mean concentrations, in mgkg(-1), found in dry tissues for all the studied metals and stations were: As (1.08-5.42), Ba (3.72-32.0), Cd (0.135-1.68), Cr (1.15-10.4), Cu (2.23-13.4), Ni (1.95-9.87), Pb (0.873-5.18), V (3.39-22.4) and Zn (13.1-39.5). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the seagrass data showed significant inter-site differences for all elements examined except nickel and vanadium. PMID:26874749
The use of carbon isotopes in the study of groundwater of the Bambui calcareous-central region of Bahia (Brazil)
Groundwater of 34 wells and of a spring of the Bambui limestone aquifer, in central Bahia, Brazil, were analized for the 14C and 13C content. One sample of soil CO2 and four of soil organic matter were analized for 13C. From these data were calculated the 14C ages of these waters. A major difficulty in the use of radiocarbon in groundwater hydrology is the estimation of the initial 14C concentration. In many cases, this can be simply determined by the fraction of carbon derived from soil gas, relative to the total carbon dissolved, by the use of Δ13C of the soil organic matter, limestone and dissolved carbon in water. This approach does not seem to be completely valid in arid ou semi-arid regions, specially where the pH of the soil is relatively high. In this case, the isotopic composition of the soil water can be determined if the pCO2 and pH of the soil can be estimated and if the isotopic composition of the soil CO2 can be known. The final isotopic composition of the groundwater is a combination of the isotopic composition of the soil water and any limestone thereafter dissolved. The 14C ages of the water samples analized ranged from modern to about 13000 years. The recharge areas of the aquifer are clearly indicated, as the probable underground flow directions. The interpretation of the radiocarbon data is in accord with the hydrologic data. (Author)
New record and cytogenetic analysis of Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Bahia State, Brazil.
Oliveira, J; Alevi, K C C; Fonseca, E O L; Souza, O M F; Santos, C G S; Azeredo-Oliveira, M T V; da Rosa, J A
This paper reports on the first occurrence of Psammolestes tertius in the Chapada Diamantina region, located in the city of Seabra, Bahia State, in northeastern Brazil. Following an active search, 24 P. tertius specimens were collected from Phacellodomus rufifrons (rufous-fronted thornbird) nests. The insects did not present any symptoms of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. P. tertius males were cytogenetically analyzed, and the results were compared with those of other specimens from the Brazilian State of Ceará. Triatomines from both locations presented the same cytogenetic characteristics: 22 chromosomes, little variation in the size of the autosomes, Y chromosomes that were larger than the X chromosomes, a chromocenter formed only by the sex chromosomes during prophase, and autosomes lacking constitutive heterochromatin. However, it is important to note that this species shows intraspecific chromosomal variation. In light of the results obtained, it is recommended that more studies be performed to characterize P. tertius. These studies will be particularly helpful in understanding this species in ecological, biological, biogeographical, and phylogenetic terms. PMID:27420943
The -308 bp TNF gene polymorphism influences tumor necrosis factor expression in leprosy patients in Bahia State, Brazil.
Oliveira, Joyce Moura; Rêgo, Jamile Leão; de Lima Santana, Nadja; Braz, Marcos; Jamieson, Sarra E; Vieira, Thaillamar Silva; Magalhães, Thaís Lamêgo; Machado, Paulo Roberto Lima; Blackwell, Jenefer M; Castellucci, Léa C
Leprosy or Hansen's disease is a debilitating chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, with high incidence and prevalence in Brazil. The -308 bp G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1800629) in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene promoter is a proposed risk factor for leprosy. In Brazil, Northern India, Egypt and Nepal, the common G allele was associated with leprosy. In Eastern India, Thailand and Malawi the minor A allele was the risk factor. Allele A was previously associated with high TNF. We genotyped rs1800629 in 326 leprosy cases from Bahia State, Brazil, including 72 paucibacillary (PB) and 47 multibacillary (MB) without reactions, and 69 reversal reaction (RR) and 78 erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) with reactions. Logistic regression was used to compare patient groups with 331 healthy controls. Relative TNF mRNA was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by QRTPCR, and serum TNF levels measured by ELISA. We found that TNF mRNA expression was higher (P=0.03) in leprosy patients compared to endemic controls, but did not differ significantly between clinical subgroups. Carriage of the minor A allele was associated (P=0.003) with low TNF mRNA across leprosy patients. Nevertheless, we found no evidence for either allele at this SNP as a risk factor for leprosy per se (OR=1.12, 95% CI 0.79-1.60, P=0.52), PB (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.54-1.81, P=0.97), MB (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.40-1.83, P=0.70), RR (OR=1.37, 95% CI 0.79-2.38, P=0.27) or ENL (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.40-1.45, P=0.42) when compared to endemic controls. Further studies are required to determine whether the influence of the minor A allele on TNF mRNA levels determines response to treatment, particularly in the context of ENL reaction treatment with anti-TNF therapies and RR reactions where treatment with prednisolone is known to reduce TNF levels. Our findings contribute to understanding TNF as an important determinant of leprosy immunopathology in Brazil. PMID:26829382
Uraniferous albitites from the Lagoa Real Uranium Province, state of Bahia, Brazil
The Uranium Province of Lagoa Real is located in the region of Caetite, throughout the south-central portion of the state of Bahia. The basic chronostratigraphic units are the metamorphic rocks - granitic rocks and gneisses of the Archean basement - and cataclastic metasomatic rocks - albitites and quartzo-feldspathic lithologies of the lower Proterozoic. The albitites, host rocks for the uranium mineralization, occur regionally as numerous lenticular and discontinuos bodies arranged submeridionally according to two main alignments forming an arc, and are therefore called linear albities in allusion to similar features in Kasachstan, Russia, where they were first given this designation. The name albitite was employed to designate the metasomatites in which albitite dominates over the other minerals. The uranium mineralization consists of uraninite and pitchblende and is confined to the ore zones of those albitites containing aegirine, alkali-amphiboles, andradite, biotite and carbonates Furthermore, it displays lithologic-structural control, the morphology being controlled by the location of shear zones. This mineralization usually takes the shape of ore shoots which pitch in the direction and dip of the lineation. The authors describe the various types of albitites (mineralized or unmineralized) and their structural and petrographic characteristics, mode of occurence, geometry, metasomatic alterations, chemistry, uranium mineralization, as well as their genetic aspects. (Author)
Diversidade genética entre acessos de cacau de fazendas e de banco de germoplasma na Bahia Genetic diversity among farm and germplasm bank accessions of cacao in Bahia, Brazil
Jeiza Botelho Leal
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de acessos de cacau, selecionados previamente como produtivos e resistentes à vassoura-de-bruxa na Bahia, e estudar suas inter-relações com genótipos no banco de germoplasma. Amostras de DNA de folhas dos 120 acessos, coletados em 17 fazendas de sete municípios do Sul da Bahia, foram amplificadas pela técnica de RAPD ("random amplified polymorphic DNA". Os coeficientes de dissimilaridade genética, calculados pelo método de Jaccard a partir das bandas RAPD, permitiram evidenciar, pela análise de agrupamento, que a maioria das seleções das fazendas (89,2% agrupou-se com acessos do banco de germoplasma considerados representativos da diversidade de cacau (híbridos, trinitários, Scavinas, amazônicos e cacau-comum. As demais seleções distribuíram-se em outros sete grupos distintos. Há elevada diversidade genética entre as seleções das fazendas, e algumas delas devem ter-se originado de genitores não incluídos nesta análise. Esses materiais apresentam potencial para seleção de clones com maior diversidade para novos cruzamentos ou uso pelos agricultores.The objective of this work was to assess genetic diversity of farm cacao accessions, previously selected as productive and resistant to witch broom in Bahia, Brazil, and to study their interrelationship with reference genotypes on germplasm bank. DNA samples from 120 cacao accessions, collected on 17 farms in seven counties in Southern Bahia, were amplified by RAPD technique (random amplified polymorphic DNA. The coefficients of genetic dissimilarity, calculated from the RAPD bands by Jaccard method, allowed to show by cluster analysis that most farm selections (89.2% grouped with accessions from germplasm bank considered representatives of the cacao genetic diversity (hybrids, Trinitarian, Scavina, Amazon and common cacao. The other selections were distributed in seven distinct groups. There is high genetic
Sarcocystis spp. in sheep and goats: frequency of infection and species identification by morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular tests in Bahia, Brazil.
Bittencourt, Marta Vasconcelos; Meneses, Iris Daniela S; Ribeiro-Andrade, Müller; de Jesus, Rogério Fernando; de Araújo, Flábio Ribeiro; Gondim, Luís F Pita
Sarcocystis spp. are cyst-forming coccidia that infect numerous animals species, including several livestock species. Despite the importance of sheep and goat production in Brazil, little it is known about the Sarcocystis species that infect small ruminants in the country and their potential impact on meat condemnation due to the presence of macroscopic cysts of the parasite. The aims of the present study were to determine the frequency of infection by Sarcocystis spp. in goats and sheep intended for human consumption in Bahia State, Brazil, as well as to identify the parasite species in selected samples. The entire tongue, esophagus, and heart were collected from 120 goats and 120 sheep. Tissues were examined for Sarcocystis spp. by macroscopic evaluation, light microscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular tests. Microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 95.8 % of sheep and 91.6 % of goats. Using either transmission electron microscopy or partial sequencing of the 18S region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for species identification, Sarcocystis tenella and Sarcocystis arieticanis were observed in sheep and Sarcocystis capracanis in goats. Macroscopic cysts were not detected in the analyzed samples. We concluded that goats and sheep destined for human consumption in Bahia possess high frequencies of Sarcocystis infection. Carcass condemnation due to Sarcocystis macrocysts seems to be rare in the studied region. S. arieticanis and S. capracanis were confirmed for the first time by electron microscopy or by molecular tests in small ruminants from Brazil. PMID:26786832
Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records
Mônica A. Ulysséa
Full Text Available Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. The Caatingas occur predominantly in northeastern Brazil and comparatively it is the biome that received less attention than any other ecosystem in Brazil, representing the region where invertebrate groups are less known. We present here the first list of ant species of the Caatingas, compiling information from the literature, from a study of samples preserved in alcohol in the Laboratory of Entomology (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, and from a field survey conducted in Milagres, Bahia, submitting standardized 1-m² samples of the leaf-litter to Winkler extractors. Summing all information, 11 subfamilies, 61 genera and 173 species (plus one subspecies of ants are recognized in the biome. This species number does not consider morphospecies that could not be named due to the lack of reliable recent taxonomic information for some Neotropical ant genera. The list presented here for ant species of the Caatingas is therefore underestimated, but it is relevant because it allows the identification of areas to be sampled in order to improve our knowledge of the diversity of ants in this biome.
Characterization of a clay from Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, by thermal analysis; Caracterizacao de uma argila de Vitoria da Conquista, BA, por analise termica
Oliveira, O.M.; Zandonadi, A.R.; Martins, M.V. Surmani; Carrio, J.A.G.; Munhoz Junior, A.H. [Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)
Kaolinitic clays are vastly used in ceramic industry. Light coloration burned clays are very useful in the coatings production because of their aesthetic. In this work clay material from Vitoria da Conquista (south-west Bahia, Brazil) was characterized by various techniques. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) shows a kaolinite characteristic curve with an endothermic peak at 492 deg C, which corresponds to the kaolinite - metakaolinite transformation. Transformation alpha to beta quartz is characterized by a 573 deg C peak. The samples were also characterized by water absorption and x rays powder diffraction. The 1100 deg C burned samples were tested by rupture tension with acceptable results. (author)
Ethnic hybridity within identity politics : being indian and the struggle for land and acknowledgement among the Pataxó in Bahia, Brazil
The thesis is based on five months of fieldwork in Cumuruxatiba and the surrounding region in the south of Bahia, Brazil, among the Pataxó Indians and an indigenous association called Frente da Resistência e Luta Pataxó, FLP (the Pataxó Resistance Front and Struggle). The purpose was to analyze how they are able to achieve a certain amount of political influence, and to suggest the consequences of this. Due to an international concern for preservation of biodiversity and a widespread bel...
Diversidade genética de Chenopodium ambrosioides da região cacaueira da Bahia com base em marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity based on RAPD markers of Chenopodium ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil
Simone Gualberto Santos
Full Text Available Chenopodium ambrosioides L., conhecida no Brasil por suas propriedades medicinais e usada principalmente para o controle de verminoses intestinais, é pouco estudada quanto à diversidade genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de 16 indivíduos de C. ambrosioides, provenientes de diferentes municípios da região cacaueira da Bahia, pela técnica de RAPD (DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso. Apenas 6,9% das 216 bandas RAPD amplificadas foram polimórficas e a análise de agrupamento evidenciou que não há formação de grupos por área de coleta. Portanto, há pequena variabilidade entre os materiais e esta variabilidade encontra-se distribuída entre as regiões amostradas.Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is known in many parts of Brazil for its medicinal properties, mainly used to control intestinal worms. Its genetic diversity is little studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of 16 accessions of C. ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil, by the RAPD technique (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Only 6.9% of the 216 amplified RAPD bands were polymorphic and the pattern of dispersion of individuals showed no clustering related to sample site. Therefore, there is low variability among accessions and it is distributed among the accessions from the entire sampled region.
Tracer techniques applied to the study of the karstic aquifer of the central region of Bahia (Irece-Iraquara), Brazil
The karst of the central region of the state of Bahia (Brazil) has been studied by using different isotopic technics, which included: a) determination of the well profile with artificial radioisotopes for flow measurements; b) analyses of the environmental isotopes, deuterium, oxigen-18 and tritium. The isotopic profiles of the wells allowed determinations of the distribution of the fracturing and the karstic structure of the aquifer as well as the calculation of an approximate value for the effective porosity of the transmissivity. The transmissivity obtained by using these methods agree with those calculated using the pumping test. The stable water isotopes allowed the identification of four different aquifer zones being important to establish the general ground water flow. It was also verified that the water experiences evaporation before infiltration in two of these zones, characterizing them as recharging zones. An exponential model of water renewal was utilized to determine the aquifer recharge in different zones based on tritium determination. The water volume was also evaluated in the aquifer by using the porosity from the isotopic profiles. The following isotopic technics were used: 1) well profiles using artificial radiactive tracers; 2) measurements of the stable water isotop concentrations (deuterium and oxigen-18); 3) measurement of the thermonuclear tritium; 4) test with radioactive tracers to measure the effective porosity; 5) measurement of the source flow utilizing iodine-131 as a tracer. The present report describes the results of the first three items. Due to the reduced number of tests the results obtained are not statistically representative and measurement of the source flow were only completed to support the system hydrogeological interpretation. (Author)
Geochemical characterization in karst basin tributaries of the San Franciscan depression: The Corrente River, western Bahia, NE-Brazil
Lecomte, Karina L.; Bicalho, Cristina C.; Silva-Filho, Emmanoel V.
Karst aquifers are important freshwater resources for the growing population in Brazil. The sandstones of Urucuia plateau and the limestone of Bambui Group constitute important aquifer systems in the western part of Bahia state. The Corrente River provides ∼30% of the total water flow of the São Francisco River and crosses karstified structures. Surface and groundwater samples were collected during the dry period, the beginning of the wet season, and the wet season. The main objective was to define sources and distribution of dissolved elements and to describe the geochemical processes that govern their mobility within the system. Water samples are classified into three groups, depending on the dominant weathering process. When carbonate dissolution governs, waters are bicarbonate-calcium-type; whereas when the atmospheric precipitation signal is present, the samples in siliciclastic terrain are more Cl- - Na+. Groundwaters reflect bicarbonate-mixed-type, with the highest dissolved concentrations. In contrast to the major elements, trace elements, including Rare Earth Elements (REE), show seasonal behavior: their concentrations increase with the beginning of the wet season, due to re-mobilization and release into the solution of adsorbed elements from the system and the atmospheric dust. The total dissolved REE concentration (800-7500 ng L-1) is one order of magnitude more concentrated in karsts than in siliciclastic rocks. Principal component analysis was performed, explaining >77% of the variance. First factor extracted (REE, Y, Th, Al, Fe) explain the washout and enhancement of atmospheric dust weathering throughout the beginning of the wet seasons. The second component comprises variables related to karsts lithology, representing calcite and dolomite dissolution.
Relative growth, sexual dimorphism and morphometric maturity of Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Decapoda: Brachyura: Trichodactylidae from Santa Terezinha, Bahia, Brazil
Tiago Rozário da Silva
Full Text Available Freshwater crabs are important elements in the aquatic biota of brooks, rivers, lakes and ponds, from both ecological and the socio-economic aspects. Trichodactylidae comprises 51 endemic species from the Neotropical region. Among all the species of this family, Trichodactylus fluviatilis Latreille, 1828 has the widest geographic distribution throughout Brazil. Despite that, there are few published contributions on the biology of this species. The present study investigated the following aspects of T. fluviatilis: relative growth, mean size at onset of morphometric maturity, sexual dimorphism, laterality and heterochely. Specimens were collected monthly from September 2010 through August 2011, from the Velha Eugênia Brook, municipality of Santa Teresinha, State of Bahia. Carapace width (CW, carapace length (CL, major cheliped length (MaCL and minor cheliped length (MiCL, major cheliped height (MaCH and minor cheliped height (MiCH, and width of the fifth abdominal segment (5AB were measured to evaluate the presence of sexual dimorphism; the major difference between the sexes was in the CW vs. 5AB ratio. Heterochely was observed in males and females,with the right cheliped larger than the left in 89% of males and 81% of females. Crab size at the onset of morphometric maturity (= puberty molt was estimated based on the ratio between CL, cheliped dimensions, 5AB and CW (independent variable. Females were larger than males when they reached morphometric maturity in all studied relations. We recommend the use of chelipeds and abdominal width relationships to estimate the size at the morphometric maturity in males and females, respectively.
Ecotourism and sea turtle harvesting in a fishing village of Bahia, Brazil
Pegas Fernanda; Stronza Amanda
Many environmentalists believe ecotourism has the potential to generate net benefits for people and nature. For more than two decades, the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program (TAMAR) has provided jobs and income through ecotourism in Praia do Forte, Brazil, in exchange for reduced harvesting of sea turtles. In this article we evaluate the relationships between ecotourism at TAMAR and local support for sea turtle conservation. Nine months of ethnographic research (2006-2008) suggest that...
Study of uranium leaching from industrial residues of Industrias Nucleares do Brazil S.A. (INB), Caetite, Bahia, Brazil
The uraniferous district of Lagoa Real, located in the south-central region of the state of Bahia, has reserves estimated at 100,000 tons of uranium, which is enough to supply Angra I, II and III for 100 more years. The process adopted for the beneficiation of the uranium ore from Lagoa Real is heap leaching, a static process in which the ore is crushed, disposed in heaps and irrigated with a sulfuric acid solution to remove the uranium. This technique has a relatively low cost of implementation, although the yield of uranium recovery is low, with an uranium content in the leached residue of 700 μg/g U3O8 for ores with an initial content of 2,700 μg/g U3O8. With the deepening of the mine pit, an increase in the carbonate content in the ore was noted, which required a higher acid consumption in the leaching. In order to reduce the concentration of carbonates, a study of the ore concentration by flotation column was accomplished. The flotation reject had high carbonate content, with a uranium content of about 2,300 μg/g U3O8 for flotation in one column and 1,100 μg/g U3O8 for flotation in two columns. This paper presents the study of the leaching process for the recovery of the uranium present in the residue of the heap leaching and in the carbonated residue from the flotation of the anomaly 13 ore. The results indicate the feasibility of treating the waste of the heap leaching through dynamic leaching. The study of the uranium leaching from the flotation residue through acid leaching technique indicated a recovery of 96% of uranium, however with a high consumption of acid, around 450 kg/t, showing that for this case, the most suitable technique for the process is alkaline leaching. (author)
Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social class in Bahia, Brazil
Naomar Almeida-Filho; Ines Lessa; Lucélia Magalhães; Maria Jenny Araújo; Estela Aquino; Ichiro Kawachi; James, Sherman A.
OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD) were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week). RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alco...
[Trends and spatial distribution of mortality from external causes in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil].
de Freitas, E D; Paim, J S; da Silva, L M; Costa, M da C
Since 1980, external causes (ICD-9 E800-E999) have been ranked as the second leading causal group for mortality in Brazil, thus becoming a major public health problem. This study aimed to describe spatial distribution trends for violent deaths in the urban setting of Salvador, a city in Northeast Brazil, for the years 1988, 1991, and 1994. An ecological study was conducted, and mortality data were obtained from death certificates and the archives of the Institute for Forensic Medicine. There was an increase of 34.6% in the number of deaths from external causes between 1988 and 1994. The highest mortality rates were among men from 20 to 29 years of age (from 192.0 to 262.0/100,000) and those 65 years and over (from 188.7 to 258.1/100,000). Homicides were the leading cause of violent deaths in about 75.0% of neighborhoods. The authors discuss the need for comprehensive public policies and an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate the causes and deal with the problem of violence. PMID:11175529
Schistosomal glomerulopathy and changes in the distribution of histological patterns of glomerular diseases in Bahia, Brazil
Washington Luis Conrado dos-Santos
Full Text Available Distinct patterns of glomerular lesions, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, are associated with infection by Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum. Evidence suggests that immune complex deposition is the main mechanism underlying the different forms of schistosomal glomerulonephritis and that immune complex deposition may be intensified by portal hypertension. The relationship between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and schistosomiasis remains poorly understood. A clinicopathologic classification of schistosomal glomerulopathies was proposed in 1992 by the African Association of Nephrology. In Brazil, mass treatment with oral medications has led to a decrease in the occurrence of schistosomal glomerulopathy. In a survey of renal biopsies performed in Salvador, Brazil, from 2003-2009, only 24 (4% patients were identified as positive for S. mansoni infection. Among these patients, only one had the hepatosplenic form of the disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was found in seven patients and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was found in four patients. Although retrospective studies on the prevalence of renal diseases based on kidney biopsies may be influenced by many patient selection biases, a change in the distribution of glomerulopathies associated with nephrotic syndrome was observed along with a decline in the occurrence of severe forms of schistosomiasis.
Use of an open-path FTIR sensor at Camacari Petrochemical Complex--Bahia, Brazil
Neves, Neuza; Couto, Elizabeth d. R.; Kagann, Robert H.
CETREL--Empresa de Protecao Ambiental, is an environmental engineering company, which is owned by the member companies in the Camacari Petrochemical Complex, the largest petrochemical complex in Brazil. CETREL operates a centralized waste treatment plant, treatment and disposal facilities, an incineration unit, groundwater monitoring and air quality monitoring networks. The air monitoring network was designed based on mathematical modeling, and the results showed that the monoitoring of hydrocarbons is important not just within the complex but also at the area surrounding the complex. There are presently no regulations for hydrocarbons in Brazil, however they are monitored due to concerns about health problems arising from human exposure. The network has eight multiparameter monitoring stations, located at the villages nearby, where hydrocarbons are sampled with Summa canisters and subsequently analyzed with a GC/MS, using a Cryogenic trap at the interface. The open-path FTIR is used to monitor at the individual plants and in the areas in between because it is more efficient and costs less than it would to attempt to achieve the same level of coverage using the canisters. Ten locations were selected based on mathematical modeling and knowledge of the likely emission sources. Since August 1993, there have been five different measurement campaigns.
The use of chemical and isotopic data as indicators of the origin of waters and dissolved salts in the Bambui calcareous aquifer (Bahia-Brazil)
Samples of 25 wells located in the Bambui limestone aquifer in the region of Irece - Bahia, have been analised for the isotopic ratio 18O/16O and the major chemical species Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 and bicarbonate. The oxygen-18 data have been found to range between -2,62/00(in a thousand) to -6,66/00(in a thousand) relative to the universal Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) and are compared with the values of the precipitation in the localities of Jacobina and Lencois (meteorological stations nearby) and with the values of the groundwater in sedimentary basins in northeastern Brazil. The comparison suggests that aquifer system is recharged by precipitation originated in northeastern Brazil, instead of originating on coast of Bahia, east of the area. Furthermore, the waters in aquifer are not found homogenized, having widely varying 18O and chemical composition and being of different ages. The strong correlation between the observations Ca, Mg, Na, Cl and TDS (total dissolved solids) suggests an aerosol origin of salts, not excluding the hypothesis of dissolution of rock, which concentrations. The comparison of characteristic ratios Mg/Ca, SO4/Cl and (Cl-Na)/Cl, a Piper diagrama and a dendrogram established by cluster analysis, indicates that the wells may be separated in to two groups according to the isotopic or geochemical environment to which they belong. These groups may represent the differents sources of salt proposed, one being from the limestone, the other having come from aerosols. (Author)
Simulium (Psilopelmia virescens, a new black-fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae from the southwestern region of the state of Bahia, Brazil
Neusa Hamada
Full Text Available The last-instar larva, pupa, male and female of Simulium virescens sp. nov. are described and illustrated. This species has a peculiar larva, which has an elongated head capsule and light-green colour. The first thoracic segment has tubercle on its dorsal region and the third thoracic segment has one pair of tubercles; the first to the fourth abdominal segments have one pair of tubercles on each segment. Until now this new species had only been collected at the type locality, which is on the middle stretch of the Correntina River in the southwestern portion of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Females were voraciously biting humans during the field work. This new species represents the second species of Simulium(Psilopelmia in Brazil and the first registered outside of the Brazilian Amazon Region.
Quartz sand resources in the Santa Maria Eterna formation, Bahia, Brazil: A geochemical and morphological study
Santos, Murilo Ferreira Marques dos; Fujiwara, Eric; Schenkel, Egont Alexandre; Enzweiler, Jacinta; Suzuki, Carlos Kenichi
This study presents an evaluation of the quartz sand occurrences of the Santa Maria Eterna formation, in northeastern Brazil, as a potential source of raw material for silica glass manufacturing. Samples of quartz sand were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine a range of trace elements and establish its chemical purity. The technological potential of the sand was obtained by counting the quantity of bubbles formed during flame fusion over silica plate. Both chemistry and bubble formation indicate that the raw material is suitable for producing silica glass. The work also investigated the composition of fluid inclusions in the quartz grains and the surface micro-texture by scanning electron microscopy. With the results obtained by these procedures, we inferred that the quartz sand was probably formed in a marine environment, by the precipitation of silica in the form of quartz. The main impurities of the samples are probably present in the mineral inclusions implying that purification is possible and probably competitive.
Espectro polínico de amostras de mel de Apis mellifera L., coletadas na Bahia Pollen spectrum of samples of Apis mellifera L., honey collected in Bahia State, Brazil
Full Text Available O espectro polínico encontrado em amostras de mel provenientes de seis municípios do Estado da Bahia foi analisado com o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento da flora visitada por Apis mellifera L. 1758 (Hymenoptera: ApidaeA identificação dos tipos polínicos foi feita por meio de literatura especializada e de informações de campo. Foram encontrados 43 tipos de pólen, sendo consideradas como dominantes as espécies Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae, Mimosa verrucosa Benth. (Mimosaceae, M. scabrella Benth. (Mimosaceae e Bauhinia sp. (Caesalpiniaceae. Os tipos acessórios foram Alternanthera ficoidea R.Br. (Amaranthaceae, tipo Compositae (Asteraceae e Cecropia sp. (Moraceae. Destacou-se a participação de Mimosa sp. (Mimosaceae e de outras espécies silvestres na composição dos méis nos municípios considerados, registrando-se ainda a espécie Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae como uma das principais fontes de alimento das abelhas dessa região.Pollen spectrum found in honey samples from six localities of Bahia State, Brazil, was analyzed with the objective to contribute for the knowledge of the plants used by Apis mellifera L., 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae. The identification of the pollen types was made by specialized literature and by field information. Two hundred pollen grains were studied in order to determine the percentage and the occurrence of each type. Forty three pollen types were identified, being considered as the predominant types Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae, Mimosa verrucosa Benth. (Mimosaceae, M. scabrella Benth. (Mimosaceae and Bauhinia sp. (Caesalpiniaceae. The accessory pollen types were Alternanthera ficoidea R.Br. (Amaranthaceae, Compositae type (Asteraceae and Cecropia sp. (Moraceae. It is intense the participation of Mimosa sp. (Mimosaceae and other wild species in the honey composition of the six localities considered. Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae is one of the dominant sources of bee food in some regions of Bahia State.
Inventário da fauna de Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae do baixo sul da Bahia, Brasil Inventory of the Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae fauna of southern Bahia, Brazil
Edinaldo Luz das Neves
Full Text Available This paper reports the results concerning collection of Euglossinae bees in a mangrove ecosystem in Valença(13º22'08"S and 39º04'20"W, Bahia. These samples were made twice a month, for a year. The chemical baits Citronella, Eucalyptol, Eugenol, Metyl Salicylate and Vanillin attracted 1,144 specimens distributed among twelve species and two genera: Eulaema (Lepeletier, 1841 and Euglossa (Latreille, 1802. The predominam bee species was Eulaema nigrita (Lepeletier, 1841 consisting of 49.4% of the collected specimens, followed by Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758 with 44.88%, Euglossa imperialis (Cockerell, 1922 with 2.4% and Eulaema meriana flavescens (Friese, 1899 with 1.6%. Theothers species, considering sporadic visitors, Euglossa securigera (Dressler, 1982, Euglossa chalybeata (Friese, 1925, Euglossa liopoda (Dressler, 1982, Euglossa gaianii (Dressler, 1982, Euglossa townsendi (Cockerell, 1904, Euglossa truncata (Rebelo & Moure, 1995, Euglossa melanotricha (Moure, 1967 and Euglossa sapphirina (Moure, 1968 represented together only 1.8% of the total sample. The Euglossinae were more active from October to May. Eucalyptol was the most attractive bait, attracting 1,120 specimens. Methyl Salicylate attracted 17 specimens, followed by Eugenol, which attracted 04 specimens and Vanillin, which attracted 03 specimens. Citronella was not an attractive chemical.
The holocene sequence of the central continental shelf of the State of Bahia, Brazil; A sequencia holocenica da plataforma continental central do Estado da Bahia
Freire, Antonio Fernando Menezes; Dominguez, Jose Maria Landim [PETROBRAS S.A., BA (Brazil). Unidade de Negocios de Exploracao e Producao da Bahia. Ativo de Exploracao Avaliacao e Acompanhamento Geologico]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Fifty cores were recovered from the sea bottom in the central portion of the continental shelf of the State of Bahia, between the Marau Peninsula and the city of Olivenca. Thirty six of these cores were collected by divers at up to 40 m deep waters. Fourteen cores were collected by piston cores in areas ranging from the continental shelf to the upper slope. All cores were described, photographed and sampled for grain size and bio stratigraphic analysis. These data were used to prepare textural and facies maps of the continental shelf. The piston cores were run parallel to sub-bottom profiling surveys. Results show that there is a strong reflector located 3 - 4 m below the sediment- water interface, which limited the penetration of the piston cores. This reflector represents a sequence boundary separating the holocene from the pleistocene sequences. A transgressive system tract has been deposited on the top of this surface along with the early stages of the high stand system tract, particularly on the inner shelf. Because of the starved character of this shelf, notably on its external portion, a detailed application of sequence stratigraphy concepts has not been possible. Only at the inner shelf/shore face there is evident pro gradation of siliciclastics over carbonates. Several submarine valleys dissect the outer shelf/upper slope, thus acting as channels that transport continental shelf sediments to the deeper portions of the basin. (author)
Ecotourism and sea turtle harvesting in a fishing village of Bahia, Brazil
Pegas Fernanda
Full Text Available Many environmentalists believe ecotourism has the potential to generate net benefits for people and nature. For more than two decades, the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program (TAMAR has provided jobs and income through ecotourism in Praia do Forte, Brazil, in exchange for reduced harvesting of sea turtles. In this article we evaluate the relationships between ecotourism at TAMAR and local support for sea turtle conservation. Nine months of ethnographic research (2006-2008 suggest that ecotourism-related employment and income have been somewhat stable and reliable. The average income of respondents who worked with TAMAR was lower than that reported by people not working with TAMAR. Workers noted other non-economic benefits. Though the majority supported sea turtle conservation, it is unclear how feelings will waver with new mass tourism developments in the region. As the cost of living increases, residents may increasingly be inclined to look for work outside TAMAR. Development also attracts new immigrants, making it difficult for locals to control sea turtle harvesting. These trends challenge the notion that economic incentives for locals alone will ensure conservation. Further research is needed to understand the conditions under which ecotourism may foster long-term conservation in the face of larger developments surrounding community ecotourism projects.
Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social class in Bahia, Brazil
Naomar Almeida-Filho
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week. RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male, marital status (single, migration (non-migrant, better educated (college level, and social class (upper. No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%. A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.
Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social class in Bahia, Brazil
Almeida-Filho Naomar
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week. RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male, marital status (single, migration (non-migrant, better educated (college level, and social class (upper. No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%. A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.
Distribution of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) from Bahia, Brazil.
Silva, E; Viana, Z C V; Onofre, C R E; Korn, M G A; Santos, V L C S
In this study, concentrations of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei) from farming and zone natural coastal located in the northeastern Brazil were investigated. The elements determination was performed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). The following ranges of concentrations in the tissues were obtained in µg g-1 dry weight: Al: 13.4-886.5, Cd: 0.93-1.80; Cu: 24.8-152; Fe: 3.2-410.9; Mn: 0.36-24.4; Se: 0.094-9.81 and Zn: 20.3-109.4. The shrimp muscle can be a good iron source (about 88.9 mg-1g dry weight). The distribution of Se concentration in tissues showed much variation between locations, and the concentration levels found in shrimp muscles of wild samples were high, where its levels in 67% of muscle and 50% of others tissues samples exceeded the ANVISA limit, indicating evidence of selenium bioaccumulation. Significant correlation was observed between the following pairs of elements: Fe-Zn (r= -0.70), Mn-Cu (r= -0.74), Se-Cu (r= -0.68), Se-Mn (r= 0.82) in the muscles; Fe-Al (r= 0.99), Mn-Al (r= 0.62), Mn-Fe (r= 0.62), Se-Al (r = 0.88), Se-Fe (r= 0.87), Se-Mn (r= 0.58) in the exoskeleton and Cu-Zn (r = 0.68), Al-Cu (r= 0.88), Fe-Cu (r= 0.95) and Fe-Al (r= 0.97) in the viscera. PMID:26909636
Surto de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Canoa, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brasil An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Canoa, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil
Ivonise Follador
Full Text Available Em 1993, um surto leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA foi detectado no povoado rural de Canoa, município de Santo Amaro, Bahia. Um estudo observacional prospectivo delineou-se, com objetivo de determinar as taxas de freqüência e caracterizar clinicamente a doença. Foram acompanhados 555 indivíduos, registrando-se 29 casos de LTA, 11 casos sugestivos de LTA pregressa e 529 sadios. Desses 529 sadios, 65 apresentaram reação de Montenegro positiva sem qualquer evidência presente ou passada de doença. A prevalência de LTA no período de estudo foi de 5,2% (29/555. A leishmania envolvida foi caracterizada como Leishmania braziliensis e o vetor, Lutzomyia intermedia. Foram detectados cães e equídeos infectados por leishmania O acometimento de crianças menores de 10 anos, o acometimento igual entre os sexos e um componente de agregação familiar sugerem um padrão de transmissão peri ou intradomiciliar.An outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL was detected in the village of Canoa in 1993. A prospective observational study was outlined to determine the frequency rates and to clinically characterize the disease. A total of 555 people were followed up. There were 29 cases of ACL, 11 cases of probably previous ACL (scars and 529 healthy individuals. Of these 529 individuals, 65 had a positive Montenegro reaction without any present or past evidence of leishmaniasis. The prevalence of ACL during the two years was 5.2% (29/555. The leishmania involved was Leishmania braziliensis and the vector, Lutzomyia intermedia. Evidence of infection was detected in dogs and horses. The high frequency of the disease among children under ten years, the similar sex distribution of cases and a component of familial aggregation suggest a peri- or intra-domiciliary transmission.
Rhodolith bed structure along a depth gradient on the northern coast of bahia state, brazil
Ricardo G. Bahia
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the structure of a rhodolith bed along a depth gradient of 5 to 25 m in the shelf in front of Salvador City, a region of northeastern Brazil. The dimensions, morphology and coralline algae composition of the rhodoliths were analyzed, as well as the vitality, density, and associated flora of the bed at three depths: 5, 15 and 25 m. Samples were obtained by SCUBA divers in summer 2007. Five rhodolith-forming taxa were identified: Sporolithon episporum, Lithothamnion brasiliense, Lithothamnion superpositum, Mesophyllum erubescens, and Lithophyllum sp. The encrusting growth form and the spherical shape were predominant at all depths. Rhodolith dimensions and vitality decreased and the density increased from the shallow to the deepest zones. Fifty-six macroalgal species were found as rhodolith-associated flora. The shallower depth presented higher values for macroalgal biomass and number of species. These results associated with other recent rhodolith bed descriptions indicate that the pattern of Brazilian rhodolith bed structure along depth gradients may be related to a combination of the extent and slope of the continental shelf.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a estrutura de um banco de rodolitos ao longo de um gradiente de profundidade na plataforma em frente à cidade de Salvador, nordeste brasileiro. Foram analisadas as dimensões, a forma e composição das algas calcárias dos rodolitos, bem como a vitalidade, densidade e flora associada ao banco, em três profundidades: 5, 15 e 25 m. As amostras foram obtidas por meio de mergulho autônomo no verão de 2007. Cinco espécies de algas calcárias formadoras de rodolito foram identificadas: Sporolithon episporum, Lithothamnion brasiliense, Lithothamnion superpositum, Mesophyllum erubescens e Lithophyllum sp. A forma de crescimento incrustante e a forma esférica foram predominantes em todas as profundidades. Houve uma redução da dimensão e
Situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado da Bahia Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Bahia, Brazil
A.J.S. Alves
Full Text Available O trabalho consistiu em estratificar o Estado da Bahia em quatro regiões com características homogêneas (circuitos produtores para que fossem amostradas aleatoriamente, em cada uma delas, 300 propriedades. Em cada propriedade foram escolhidas, de forma aleatória, 10 a 15 fêmeas bovinas adultas, das quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 10.816 animais, provenientes de 1.413 propriedades. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (Rosa Bengala e a confirmação dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo se pelo menos um animal reagiu às duas provas sorológicas. As prevalências de focos e a de fêmeas adultas soropositivas do Estado foram de 4,2% [3,1-5,3%] e 0,66% [0,41-0,93%], respectivamente. Para os circuitos produtores foram: circuito 1, 5,8% [3,6-8,7%] e 0,86% [0,41-1,3%]; circuito 2, 3,1% [1,5-5,6%] e 1,2% [0,25-2,1%]; circuito 3, 6,3% [4,0-9,3%] e 1,7% [0,66-2,7%]; e circuito 4, 0,60% [0,07-2,2%] e 0,07 [0,00-0,21%]. Para a análise de fatores de riscos associados à doença foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico em cada propriedade visitada. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR associados à condição de foco foram: compra de reprodutores (OR= 2,27 e presença de áreas alagadiças (OR= 1,76. A vacinação de fêmeas de três até oito meses de idade foi um fator de proteção (OR= 0,53.A study to characterize the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Bahia was carried out in 2004. The State was divided into four similar production regions, 300 herds were randomly sampled in each region, and 10 to 15 adult bovine females were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 10,816 serum samples from 1,413 herds were collected. The serum samples were screened for antibodies to Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT, and all RBT-positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol
Dengue virus 4 (DENV-4) re-emerges after 30 years in Brazil: cocirculation of DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 in Bahia.
Campos, Gubio Soares; Pinho, Aryane Cruz Oliveira; Brandão, Claudio Jose de Freitas; Bandeira, Antonio Carlos; Sardi, Silvia Ines
Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease of great concern in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. One important cause of the increase in DF is rapid development and urbanization has led to proliferation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector responsible for transmission of the illness. Surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) infection in Brazil shows the predominance of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 until 2010. This study reports the reappearance of DENV-4 in Brazil for the first time in 30 years. Serum samples were collected from individuals (n = 214) exhibiting fever and muscular pain in Bahia, Brazil, during 2011-2012. These samples were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/nested PCR, which revealed that 82% of samples were positive for DENV-4; most were older age groups and exhibited a serological pattern consistent with a primary infection. The cocirculation of multiple DENV serotypes within the same city places the population at risk for a fatal form of the disease. Therefore, with the increasing incidence of severe DF cases, early diagnosis will be a priority for public health efforts in Brazil. PMID:25420650
Potassium, uranium and thorium contents in the basement rocks of the Camamu and Almada sedimentary basins; Teores de uranio, torio e potassio nas rochas do embasamento das bacias sedimentares de Camamu e Almada
Sapucaia, Najara S.; Argollo, Roberto M. de; Barbosa, Johildo S.F. [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil). Pos-graduacao em Geofisica
The basement of the of Camamu and Almada basins is inserted in the granulitic region of the southeast Bahia. It is characterized, in bigger proportion, by the rocks of the Cinturao Itabuna represented by metatonalites calcium - alkaline of low potassium and matamonzonites with high-potassium geochemistry shoshonitics trend, associate to the basic granulites. In lesser proportion, one has: the rocks of the Jequie block, characterized by charnockites, charnoenderbites and enderbites with calcium-alkaline chemical and high-K contents and associated with amphibolites with low K-contents; the granite of Teolandia and the granodiorite of Moenda, representatives of the Ipiau Domain; and the neoproterozoics syenites and mafic dikes. On this context, the acid rocks of intermediate compositions, as the charnockites, the metamonzonites, the granitic rocks of the Ipiau band and the sienites, are the main lithologic units that show relevant concentrations of the U, Th and K elements. Already the metatonalites are more abundant in this basement ad show intermediate values of K, varying of 0,5 to 2.5 %, while the basic granulitos and the amphibolites show low K-contents as low as 0,02%. The Th concentrations in the basic metatonalites and ten granulite are below 10 ppm, arriving to below the determination limit of 0.4 ppm; the same thing occurs with U concentrations in these rocks. (author)
The Declining Cocoa Economy and the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil: Conservation Attitudes of Cocoa Planters.
Alger, Keith; Caldas, Marcellus
Causes of the degradation of Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the southeastern cocoa region of the State of Bahia are investigated by means of a survey on cocoa planter's forest conservation attitudes. Policies encouraging private forest conservation, and development of forest-conserving agricultural alternatives for landless poor are recommended. (LZ)
Social networks of men who have sex with men: a study of recruitment chains using Respondent Driven Sampling in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
Sandra Mara Silva Brignol
Full Text Available Abstract Social and sexual contact networks between men who have sex with men (MSM play an important role in understanding the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs. In Salvador (Bahia State, Brazil, one of the cities in the survey Behavior, Attitudes, Practices, and Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis among Men Who Have Sex with Men in 10 Brazilian Cities, data were collected in 2008/2009 from a sample of 383 MSM using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS. Network analysis was used to study friendship networks and sexual partner networks. The study also focused on the association between the number of links (degree and the number of sexual partners, in addition to socio-demographic characteristics. The networks' structure potentially facilitates HIV transmission. However, the same networks can also be used to spread messages on STI/HIV prevention, since the proximity and similarity of MSM in these networks can encourage behavior change and positive attitudes towards prevention.
["Where there's a woman, there's a Pap smear": the meanings assigned to cervical cancer prevention among women in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil].
Rico, Ana María; Iriart, Jorge Alberto Bernstein
This study focuses on the meanings assigned to practices for cervical cancer prevention among women from low-income neighborhoods in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. This was a qualitative study based on content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 15 women 24 to 68 years of age. The results showed high appreciation of the Pap smear test, performed as part of routine gynecological examination (but without the patient necessarily having biomedical knowledge of its role). Besides accessibility and quality of health services, other factors influence the way the women assign meaning to cervical cancer prevention. Moral values associated with sexuality and gender influence risk perception, adoption of preventive practices, and interpretation of cervical cytology results. The ongoing practice of the Pap smear test is part of the construction of femininity, which is associated with maturity and personal responsibility for self care in a context of medicalization of the female body. PMID:24068222
Geochronology (U-Pb/Pb-Pb) and isotopic signatures (Rb-Sr/Sm-Nd) of the Paleoproterozoic Guanambi Batholith, southwest Bahia State (NE Brazil)
The Guanambi batholith (GB) is located in south-western Bahia, Brazil, where it forms part of the Urandi-Paratinga mobile belt. The batholith extends over an area of almost 6,000 km2 and is mainly composed of syenites and monzonites, with subordinate granites, mafic syenites and lamprophyric dykes. Two main units can be recognized: the multiple intrusions, being divided into four regions (Paratinga, Laguna, Igapora and Guanambi) and the so-called late-intrusions forming the Cara Suja, Ceraima and Estreito massifs. U-Pb and Pb-Pb isotopic data demonstrate that the batholith was emplaced 2.05 Ga ago. GB has highly negative initial εNd (-7.4 to -10.6), pointing to an enriched source, and Sr initial ratios between 0.704 and 0.707. Both chemical and isotopic signatures suggest that GB formed by fractional crystallization of a lamprophiric magma derived from a Paleoproterozoic enriched mantle source. (author)
Social networks of men who have sex with men: a study of recruitment chains using Respondent Driven Sampling in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil.
Brignol, Sandra Mara Silva; Dourado, Inês; Amorim, Leila Denise; Miranda, José Garcia Vivas; Kerr, Lígia R F S
Social and sexual contact networks between men who have sex with men (MSM) play an important role in understanding the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In Salvador (Bahia State, Brazil), one of the cities in the survey Behavior, Attitudes, Practices, and Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis among Men Who Have Sex with Men in 10 Brazilian Cities, data were collected in 2008/2009 from a sample of 383 MSM using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Network analysis was used to study friendship networks and sexual partner networks. The study also focused on the association between the number of links (degree) and the number of sexual partners, in addition to socio-demographic characteristics. The networks' structure potentially facilitates HIV transmission. However, the same networks can also be used to spread messages on STI/HIV prevention, since the proximity and similarity of MSM in these networks can encourage behavior change and positive attitudes towards prevention. PMID:26648372
Petrography and Metamorphism of the Metasedimentary Country-Rocks of the Jacurici Valley Chromitite-Hosting Mafic-Ultramafic Complexes, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Eliane A. Del Lama
Full Text Available This paper deal with on the metasedimentary country-rocks of the chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks that occur in the "Jacurici River Valley Chromium District" northeastern Bahia, Brazil. This region presents a complex geologic-petrologic framework of rocks that were intensely deformed, metamorphosed and transformed by metasomatic processes, making it difficult to interpret their volutionary/metamorphic record. Although the metasedimentary country rocks have also been affected by such processes, it is possible to distinguish evidence of a previous high-grade metamorphism that affected them. Thermobarometric data for the observed mineralogical associations indicate P-T conditions around 750-800ºC and 7-8 kb for the metamorphic peak, based mainly on the presence of olivine in marbles and the cordierite-garnet-sillimanitespinel association in aluminous gneisses.
Prevalência de TB ativa e TB latente em internos de um hospital penal na Bahia Prevalence of active and latent TB among inmates in a prison hospital in Bahia, Brazil
Antônio Carlos Moreira Lemos
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar as prevalências de TB latente e TB ativa entre custodiados de um hospital penal na Bahia. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados através de estudo de corte transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados 237 internos no Hospital Penal da Bahia entre julho de 2003 e abril de 2004. Um questionário padronizado foi preenchido por estudantes de medicina. Os indivíduos foram sistematicamente submetidos aos seguintes exames: teste tuberculínico, radiografia de tórax em incidência póstero-anterior, baciloscopia e cultura para micobactérias. Os eventos de interesse foram TB ativa e TB latente. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 36,6 anos, sendo 89,9% homens. Tabagismo e alcoolismo foram relatados por 70.0% e 43.9% dos internos, respectivamente. História de tratamento para TB foi relatada por 11,3% dos indivíduos. Dos internos avaliados, 36,3% relataram tosse e 31,4%, expectoração. Outros sintomas menos frequentemente referidos foram astenia (26,2%, perda de peso (23,1%, inapetência (17,7%, febre (11,3% e hemoptise (6,7%. Nenhum dos 86 internos testados apresentou sorologia anti-HIV positiva. Entre os 156 submetidos ao teste tuberculínico, a prevalência de TB latente foi de 61,5% (146 casos. Do total, 6 casos de TB ativa foram detectados (prevalência de 2,5%. A presença de tosse foi um determinante de TB ativa (razão de prevalência = 8,8; IC95%: 1,04-73,9; p = 0,025. CONCLUSÕES: A população de internos do Hospital Penal da Bahia tem altas prevalências de TB latente e ativa. Estes achados justificam a necessidade de implantação de políticas públicas especificamente direcionadas para o controle da TB nesta populaçãoOBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of latent and active TB among detainees in a prison hospital in Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out comprising 237 inmates in the Bahia State Prison Hospital between July 2003 and April 2004. A standardized
Genetic Structure and Molecular Diversity of Cacao Plants Established as Local Varieties for More than Two Centuries: The Genetic History of Cacao Plantations in Bahia, Brazil.
Santos, Elisa S L; Cerqueira-Silva, Carlos Bernard M; Mori, Gustavo M; Ahnert, Dário; Mello, Durval L N; Pires, José Luis; Corrêa, Ronan X; de Souza, Anete P
Bahia is the most important cacao-producing state in Brazil, which is currently the sixth-largest country worldwide to produce cacao seeds. In the eighteenth century, the Comum, Pará and Maranhão varieties of cacao were introduced into southern Bahia, and their descendants, which are called 'Bahian cacao' or local Bahian varieties, have been cultivated for over 200 years. Comum plants have been used to start plantations in African countries and extended as far as countries in South Asia and Oceania. In Brazil, two sets of clones selected from Bahian varieties and their mutants, the Agronomic Institute of East (SIAL) and Bahian Cacao Institute (SIC) series, represent the diversity of Bahian cacao in germplasm banks. Because the genetic diversity of Bahian varieties, which is essential for breeding programs, remains unknown, the objective of this work was to assess the genetic structure and diversity of local Bahian varieties collected from farms and germplasm banks. To this end, 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to genotype 279 cacao plants from germplasm and local farms. The results facilitated the identification of 219 cacao plants of Bahian origin, and 51 of these were SIAL or SIC clones. Bahian cacao showed low genetic diversity. It could be verified that SIC and SIAL clones do not represent the true diversity of Bahian cacao, with the greatest amount of diversity found in cacao trees on the farms. Thus, a core collection to aid in prioritizing the plants to be sampled for Bahian cacao diversity is suggested. These results provide information that can be used to conserve Bahian cacao plants and applied in breeding programs to obtain more productive Bahian cacao with superior quality and tolerance to major diseases in tropical cacao plantations worldwide. PMID:26675449
Utilization of geophysical nuclear methods on apatite mines from Gaviao and gold from Jacobina mountain - Bahia, Brazil
This thesis is part of the sub-project Analysis of Rocks and Minerals by Gamma-Spectrometry of the Program of Research and Postgraduation in Geophysics of the Federal University of Bahia. It presents: 1) the results of preliminary radio-geological surveying in Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Pre-Cambrian lands between the cities of Salvador and Miguel Calmon; detailed radiogeological works in two radioactive anomalous areas: Gaviao at Riachao de Jacuipe town, and Canavieiras mine and vicinities at Jacobina town, state of Bahia. The combined results of field gamma-ray survey, gamma-spectrometry accomplished at laboratory from samples, petrographical and mineralogical studies led to the correlation between apatita mineralization with thorium, and Gold with uranium in the Comglomerates of Serra do Corrego formation giving the possibilities in both cases of making the prospection and exploration by the cintilometry. (author)
Fatores de risco para a leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil
Flávia C.S. Oliveira
Full Text Available Foram identificados fatores de risco associados à leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia. Foram amostradas aleatoriamente 10.823 fêmeas bovinas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses procedentes de 1.414 propriedades. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Leptospira spp., foi utilizada a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM utilizando 24 sorovares como antígenos. Um rebanho foi considerado foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das 1.414 propriedades investigadas, 1.076 (77,9%; IC 95% = 75,7-80,0% apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente na SAM para qualquer sorovar. O sorovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno foi o mais prevalente, com 34,49% (IC 95% = 31,97-37,14% das propriedades positivas. Presença de mais de 28 fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no rebanho (OR=2,11; pRisk factors associated with leptospirosis were identified in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. A total of 10,823 cows with > 24 months of age from 1,414 herds were randomly sampled. For the serological diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT was carried out using 24 serovars as antigens. A herd was considered positive when presented at least one seropositive animal. Of the 1,414 investigated herds, 1,076 (77.9%; 95% CI = 75.7-80.0% presented at least one reactant animal at MAT to any serovar. Serovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno was the most prevalent, with 34.49% (95% CI = 31.97-37.14% of the positive herds. Presence of more than 28 bovine females in reproductive age (OR=2.11; p<0.001, presence of cervids (OR=2.02; p=0.010, animal purchase (OR=1.57; p<0.001, to slaughter animals in the property (OR=1.58; p=0.030 and to share pasture (OR=1.63; p<0.001 were identified as risk factors for leptospirosis due to any serovar. Risk factors for leptospirosis due to serovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno were presence of swine (OR=1.28; p=0.040 and animal purchase (OR=1.48; p<0.001.
Acidentes por escorpião em uma área do Nordeste de Amaralina, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil Scorpion sting in an area of Nordeste de Amaralina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Andréa Monteiro de Amorim
Full Text Available Um estudo epidemiológico mediu a prevalência de pessoas que referiram acidentes por escorpião em uma amostra populacional do Areal, bairro Nordeste de Amaralina, Salvador, Bahia. Examinou-se uma amostra aleatória sistemática de 1367 indivíduos, correspondendo a 44,4% da população da área. Oitenta e dois indivíduos referiram haver sido picados por escorpião desde que residiam no Areal, resultando numa prevalência de 6% (IC 95% 4,7 - 7,3. A prevalência de pessoas picadas por escorpião aumentou nos grupos com maior tempo de residência no domicílio e com maior idade atual. Chamou atenção que 92,7% dos acidentes aconteceram dentro do domicílio. A incidência estimada para o período mais recente (janeiro a julho de 2000 foi de 1,15 casos/1.000 habitantes por mês. Este coeficiente compara-se ao mais elevado já referido na literatura especializada para uma área epidêmica para acidentes escorpiônicos.An epidemiological study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of individuals who referred scorpion sting accidents in a population sample from Areal, a neighborhood northeast of Amaralina, Salvador City, State of Bahia, Brazil. A random, systematic sample of 1,367 individuals was taken, corresponding to 44.4% of the total population. Eighty-two residents referred scorpion sting since they were resident in Areal, giving a prevalence coefficient of 6% (95% CI 4.7 - 7.3. The prevalence of persons stung by scorpions increased according to greater time spent in the domicile and more advanced age. It was remarkable that 92.7% of the scorpions stings occurred within the home. The incidence coefficient estimated for the most recent period of time (January to July, 2000 was 1.15 cases/1,000 inhabitants per month, comparable to the highest ever reported for an epidemic area.
Community violence and childhood asthma prevalence in peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil Violência comunitária e prevalência de asma em crianças na periferia de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Guilherme da Costa Alves
Full Text Available This study aimed to identify degrees of exposure to community violence reported by parents and guardians of children from four to 12 years of age and the association with childhood asthma symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,232 parents/guardians in 24 peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State, Brazil. The authors investigated asthma symptoms in children and acts of violence in the community. More than 75% of parents/guardians had been exposed to community violence in the previous year, with 20% reporting high levels of exposure. Children that were more exposed to violence showed higher asthma prevalence (28.4% as compared to non-exposed children (16.4%. Children exposed to maximum levels of violence were nearly twice as likely to present asthma symptoms (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.12-3.36. The study highlighted the relevance of community violence as a risk factor for asthma and the need for further research to elucidate methodological issues.O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar o grau de violência comunitária relatado por cuidadores de crianças entre quatro e 12 anos, além da influência dessa exposição na ocorrência de sintomas de asma nas crianças. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 1.232 cuidadores residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Investigaram-se sintomas de asma nas crianças e atos violentos na comunidade. Aproximadamente 75% dos cuidadores foram vítimas de violência comunitária no último ano, com 20% convivendo com graus elevados deste fenômeno. Encontrou-se prevalência de 28,4% de sintomas asmáticos entre crianças expostas ao grau máximo de violência, e 16,4% entre as não expostas. Encontrou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre exposição ao nível máximo de violência e ocorrência de sintomas asmáticos (OR ajustada = 1,94; IC95%: 1,12-3,36. Nossos achados sugerem a importância da violência comunitária como um dos fatores de risco
Avaliação microbiológica de amostras de mel de trigoníneos (Apidae: Trigonini do Estado da Bahia Microbiological evaluation of trigonine bee (Apidae: Trigonini honey samples from the State of Bahia - Brazil
Bruno de Almeida Souza
Full Text Available O mel é um produto que apresenta atividade antimicrobiana atribuída a fatores físicos e químicos. Mesmo assim, ainda é possível encontrar uma série de microrganismos presentes neste produto e que servem como indicadores de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do mel produzido por espécies de abelhas sem ferrão (Trigonini do Estado da Bahia. Quatorze amostras de mel foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de umidade, atividade de água, contagem padrão de bolores e leveduras, e presença de microrganismos do grupo coliforme. Um total de 50,0% das amostras apresentou contagem padrão para bolores e leveduras acima do máximo permitido pela regulamentação brasileira para alimentos. Esta desclassificação de amostras assepticamente colhidas indica a necessidade de identificação desta microbiota e sua possível ocorrência natural no mel produzido por este grupo de abelhas. Nenhuma das amostras foi desclassificada em relação à contagem de microrganismos do grupo coliforme.Honey is a product that presents antimicrobial activity attributed to physical and chemical factors. Even so, it is still possible to find many microorganisms present in this product, which can be used as quality indicators. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiologic quality of the honey produced by stingless bee species from the State of Bahia, Brazil. Fourteen samples of honey were evaluated for the moisture content, water activity, standard counting of moulds and yeasts, and presence of microorganisms of coliform group. A total of 50.0% of the samples presented standard counting of moulds and yeasts above the maximum value permmited by the Brazilian food legislation. This disqualification of samples asseptically harvested indicates the need of identification of this microbiota and its possible natural occurrence in the honey produced by this group of bees. None of the samples was disqualified regarding the
O cotidiano do cuidado infantil em comunidades rurais do Estado da Bahia: uma abordagem qualitativa Day-to-day child care in rural communities in the State of Bahia, Brazil: a qualitative approach
Micheli Dantas Soares
Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: compreender as experiências e sentidos do cuidado infantil, por quem o agencia no espaço doméstico. MÉTODOS: foi utilizado o aporte teórico oriundo da fenomenologia na análise e interpretação dos textos extraídos das entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com as responsáveis por prover o cuidado no espaço das 10 unidades domésticas escolhidas, na sua totalidade composta por mulheres. A investigação sobre cuidado infantil foi realizada no município de Caldas de Cipó, Bahia, Brasil. RESULTADOS: entre as várias dimensões do cuidado infantil, o alimentar constitui-se como uma das principais preocupações das agentes, sobretudo pela condição de pobreza em que as mesmas vivem. A garantia da comida conforma o elemento chave do cuidado alimentar. As experiências do cuidar, informadas pelas agentes, dialogam não só com as suas situações biográficas, como também com relações que guardam com o mundo cotidiano, num tempo e espaço particularizados. CONCLUSÕES: pelo sentido existencial que caracteriza o cuidado, os resultados deste estudo sugerem um novo enfoque na condução das políticas e ações de educação em saúde para as mulheres cuidadoras.OBJECTIVES: understand the experience and the meaning of child care for those who practice it in the home. METHODS: a phenomenological theoretical approach was used to analyze and interpret extracts from semi-structured interviews conducted with those responsible for the child care in 10 households in the city of Caldas de Cipó, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: of the various aspects of the child care, nutrition was the one of greatest concern to interviewees, given the conditions of poverty in which they live. The provision of food supplies is a key element of nutrition. The nature of the caring experience was connected not only with the personal history of the individual but also with their relationship to the day-to-day world of a particular time and space
Micorriza arbuscular em plantações de Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell no litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil Arbuscular mycorrhiza in Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell plantations in the north littoral of Bahia, Brazil
Cristiano V.M. Araújo
Full Text Available As micorrizas arbusculares são de longa data conhecidas e exploradas devido à importância ecológica e aos efeitos no crescimento e na nutrição das plantas. Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell, particularmente nas áreas em estudo, apresenta comportamento diferenciado quando comparado com outras espécies de eucaliptos, instalando-se em sítios de solos pobres e textura arenosa, com crescimento reduzido, dificuldades para a formação das mudas e problemas nutricionais. Objetivando avaliar a percentagem de colonização radicular e a densidade de esporos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em plantações de E. cloeziana, foram realizadas coletas de solo rizosférico e de raízes em 20 áreas, distribuídas em seis municípios do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Os resultados médios da percentagem de colonização variaram de 10% a 96,66% e a densidade de esporos variou de 3 a 110 esporos/50cm³ de solo, demonstrando a grande suscetibilidade do E. cloeziana à micorrização.The arbuscular mycorrhizal are known and explored long ago due to the ecological significance and the effects in the growth and nutrition of the plants. Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell, particularly in the studied sites, exhibit differenced behaviour when compared with other eucaliptus species, establishing in sites of the poor soils and sandy texture, with reduced growth, difficulty to formation of the seedling and nutritional problems. Aiming to evaluate the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, as well as the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in E. cloeziana plantations, rhizospheric soil and roots samples were collected in twenty sites, distributed in six municipalities of Bahia state, Brazil. The mean results of percentage root colonization ranged from 10 to 96.66% and spore number ranged from 3 to 110 spores/50cm³ soil, demonstrating high susceptibility of the E. cloeziana to mycorrhization.
Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos das neoplasias cerebrais na faixa etária pediátrica no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Clinical epidemiological aspects of cerebral neoplams in childhood in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Full Text Available O estudo tem como objetivo descrever aspectos relevantes da clínica e da epidemiologia das neoplasias cerebrais em crianças entre 1 e 15 anos, no Estado da Bahia, primeiro semestre de 1995. Utilizou-se desenho de corte transversal para o levantamento de todos os casos novos e preexistentes de neoplasia cerebral diagnosticados através da neuroimagem entre todas as crianças que realizaram estes exames. Em 2 128 exames foram diagnosticados 48 casos de neoplasia cerebral, sendo 19 deles incidentes. A prevalência no estudo clínico-epidemiológico foi de 2,3% e a incidência de 0,9%. Predominou o sexo masculino (1,4:1, a faixa etária de 10-15 anos (65%, para os casos prevalentes. A faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos foi a predominante nos casos incidentes. O astrocitoma foi o mais frequente (41% e a localização supratentorial predominou com 52%. O grupo sintomatológico ataxia e/ou paralisia dos nervos cranianos e o de distúrbios endócrinos e/ou visuais foram os mais prevalentes (82% e 43%, respectivamente. Discutimos a predominância da localização supratentorial e da faixa etária de adolescentes nas neoplasias cerebrais da infância.The aim of this study is to describe the relevant aspects of the medical treatment and epidemiology of brain tumors in children between 1 and 15 years old in the State of Bahia, Brazil, first semester of 1995. A cross-sectional design was used for the survey of all new cases and preexisting cases of brain tumors diagnosed through neuroimage among all the children who completed these examinations. Forty eight out of 2 128 were diagnosed as brain tumors, 19 of which being incident cases. In the clinical epidemiological study, the prevalence was 2.3 percent, and the incidence was 0.9 percent. In the prevalent cases, males predominated (1.4:1, and the average age of 10-15 years old (65 %. Among the 1-4 years old group predominated incident cases. The astrocytoma was the most frequent brain tumor (41%, and the
Detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Detection anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in swines bred and abated in the Bahia State, Brazil
Rodrigo A. Bezerra
Full Text Available Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos no Estado da Bahia. Foram coletadas e examinadas 465 amostras de sangue de suínos provenientes de criações de diferentes locais desse estado. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii, foi utilizada a técnica de Imunoadsorção Enzimática (ELISA e considerados positivos todos os animais com títulos iguais ou maiores que 1:16. Desses, 18,27% (85/465 foram positivos para anticorpos anti-T. gondii, sendo 30,76% (24/78 em Ilhéus, 18,10% (21/116 em Itabuna e 14,76% (40/271 em Simões Filho. Foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo dos animais (p = 0,0171, ao sistema de criação (p = 0,0002 e à procedência dos animais (p = 0,0278 no município de Itabuna. Anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram encontrados nos animais estudados, podendo ser estes animais fonte de infecção para a população humana local.This study was performed to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in swine raised and slaughtered in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Four hundred sixty five swine blood samples from farms of different cities had been collected and examined. Anti-T. gondii antibodies was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA and considered positive all the animals with equal or bigger headings than 1:16. From these, 18.27% (85/465 of total sample were positive for T. gondii, 30.76% (24 in Ilhéus, 18.10% (21/116 in Itabuna and 14.76% (40/271 in Simões Filho. Significant differences were observed regarding animal sex (p = 0.0171, raising system (p = 0.0002 and origin of the animals (p = 0.0278 in the city of Itabuna. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies shows that swine can be a source of infection for the local human population.
Social inequalities and the rise in violent deaths in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil: 2000-2006 Desigualdades sociais e crescimento das mortes violentas em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil: 2000-2006
Luiz Antonio Chaves Viana
Full Text Available An ecological study was carried out using information zones as units of analysis in order to assess the evolution of socio-spatial inequalities in mortality due to external causes and homicides in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2000 and 2006. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE and the City Health Department (Secretaria Municipal de Saúde provided the data sources, and causes of death were reviewed and reclassified based on reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine (Instituto Médico Legal. The information zones were classified into four social strata according to income and schooling. The ratio between mortality rates (inequality ratio was calculated and confirmed a rise of 98.5% in the homicide rate. In 2000, the risk of death due to external causes and murders in the stratum with the worst living conditions was respectively 1.40 and 1.94 times greater than in the reference stratum. In 2006 these figures were 2.02 and 2.24. The authors discuss the implications for inter-sectoral public policies, based on evidence from the study's findings.Com o objetivo de analisar a evolução das desigualdades socioespaciais na mortalidade por causas externas e homicídios em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, entre 2000-2006, foi realizado um estudo ecológico, tendo as zonas de informação e estratos sociais como unidades de análise. O Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE e a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde foram fontes de dados. As causas básicas de óbito foram revisadas e reclassificadas com base em relatórios do IML. As zonas de informação foram classificadas em quatro estratos sociais a partir da renda e da escolaridade. Calculou-se a razão entre as taxas de mortalidade (razão de desigualdade. Verificou-se aumento de 98,5% na taxa de homicídios no período. Em 2000, o risco de morte por causas externas e homicídios no estrato de piores condições de vida
Health assessment of the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae on the southern coast of Bahia, northeastern Brazil Avaliação da saúde da ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae no Litoral Sul da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil
Rosana Pinho Brandão
Full Text Available This study investigated the health of natural stocks of the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae on the southern coast of Bahia in northeastern Brazil, during summer and winter 2010, at three localities (sampling points in the estuaries of the Maraú (Camamu Bay and Graciosa rivers. A total of 180 oysters (30/sampling point/season were examined macroscopically for the presence of pathogens and anatomical changes. The specimens were subsequently fixed in Davidson solution, processed for paraffin embedding, sectioned and stained with Harris' hematoxylin and eosin. Histological analysis revealed the presence of Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs, Ancistrocoma, Trichodina, Sphenophrya, Nematopsis, Urastoma, Bucephalus in the sporocyst phase, a nonspecific metacercaria, and a metacestode of genus Tylocephalum. The prevalence of infection was low except for parasitism by Nematopsis sp. which also caused histopathological changes. The presence of Bucephalus sp. caused parasitic castration. These two pathogens significantly affect the health of C. rhizophorae.Este estudo investigou a saúde de ostras da espécie Crassostrea rhizophorae de estoques naturais do Litoral Sul do Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil, durante o verão e o inverno de 2010, em três pontos amostrais distribuídos nos estuários dos rios Maraú (Baía de Camamu e Graciosa. Um total de 180 ostras (30/ponto amostral/período foram examinadas macroscopicamente para a presença de patógenos e alterações anatômicas e posteriormente fixadas em solução de Davidson, processadas para inclusão em parafina, seccionadas e coradas com hematoxilina de Harris e eosina. A análise histológica evidenciou a presença de organismos com características similares a Rickettsia (RLOs, Ancistrocoma, Trichodina, Sphenophrya, Nematopsis, Urastoma, Bucephalus em fase esporocística, metacercária inespecífica e metacestóide de Tylocephalum. As prevalências de infecção foram baixas, com exceção do
Potential of heavy minerals in the Valenca-Itacare, Bahia (Brazil) region - Sampling characterization and ore processing
Important heavy minerals deposits were discovered by CBPM in the townships of Nilo Pecanha and Marau, state of Bahia. Ore dressing tests were conducted at CETEC and the results indicate a good potential. Tests were carried out with the Humphreys spiral, with magnetic and electro-static separators were yielding concentrates of ilmenite with 56.0% TiO2 and Zircon with 65.0% ZrO2. (author)
Aspectos clínicos e demográficos da fenilcetonúria no Estado da Bahia Aspectos clínicos y demográficos de la fenilcetonuria en la provincia de Bahia - Brasil Clinical and demographic aspects of phenylketonuria in Bahia State, Brazil
Tatiana Amorim
laboratorial, incluso aspectos demográficos y clínicos. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos utilizando promedios (desviación estándar y medianas (percentiles 25-75. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de HPA en Bahia fue de un caso a cada 16.334 nacidos vivos (NV, con cobertura de 90,8%. Entre los pacientes seguidos, el 82% fueron diagnosticados por la selección neonatal, y en 11 familias había más de un caso. El fenotipo clásico de la fenilcetonuria fue diagnosticado en 63 (56,8% pacientes. Entre los seleccionados, la mediana de edad en la primera consulta fue de 39,5 días (fenilcetonuria clásica y, de ellos, el 34% presentaba síntomas en ese momento, ninguno de ellos con retraso en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor. La consanguinidad fue descrita en 32,2% de los casos y hubo predominio de pacientes clasificados como blancos (63%. Los padres tenían baja escolaridad y bajos ingresos. Entre los 417 municipios de Bahia, el 14,6% presentaba al menos un caso, con concentración en la región nordeste (9,9% y capital de la provincia (14,4%. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados evidenciaron edad tardía al inicio del tratamiento, lo que puede comprometer los resultados del programa. Se observó, además, la presencia de consanguinidad y recurrencia familiar, reforzando la importancia de investigación familiar para diagnosticar individuos con deficiencia mental de etiología no aclarada que pueden beneficiarse de tratamiento.OBJECTIVE:To describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with hyperphenylalaninemia followed at the Neonatal Screening Reference Service of Bahia, Brazil. METHOD:Cross-sectional study including 99 families (111 affected individuals with biochemical phenotype of hyperphenylalaninemia by chart review and laboratory database that include demographic and clinical features. RESULTS: The incidence of hyperphenylalaninemia in Bahia was one case per 16,334 live births, covering 91% of them. Among patients followed, 82% were diagnosed by newborn
Meanings attributed to breastfeeding in the first two years of life: a study with women from two municipalities in the Recôncavo Baiano region of Bahia, Brazil
Franklin Demétrio; Maria da Conceição Monteiro da Silva; Sandra Maria Chaves-dos-Santos; Ana Marlúcia Oliveira Assis
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the maternal meanings attributed to breastfeeding during the child's first two years of life. METHODS: This qualitative, exploratory and analytical study involved mothers that participated in a cohort from a larger study done in the municipalities of Mutuipe and Laje in the Recôncavo area of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The methodological resources included thorough individual interviews and thematic analysis. The meanings were analyzed by the theoretic...
Integrated analysis of the N2 and C O2 projects at the PETROBRAS/E and P - Bahia State -Brazil
After considering that N2 obtained from flue gas with the use of the separated CO 2 rich current is the best economical alternative for the replacement of natural gas injection for some Reconcavo Basin oil fields and the huge potential for miscible flooding projects at that area, PETROBRAS/E and P-Ba decided to perform an integrated analysis of their N2 and CO2 projects in order to maximize their results. Candeias and Agua Grande fields are the main targets for natural gas substitution. They will consume 400 and 700 Mm3/d and will make available 80 and 140 ton/d of CO2, respectively, to be used in miscible flooding projects. These projects will increase the natural gas availability for the fast growing market at Bahia state and produce up to 220 m3/d of oil with an increase of 6.7 % in the ultimate recovery of Santiago/Block 3 reservoir at Miranga field. The integrated analysis took in account all the facilities, works, and services necessary to implement the projects including: separation of the currents from the flue gas, pipelines, compressors, N2 separation from the produced gas, and workovers. Besides, it was also considered the impact of these projects on the operational costs of those fields and the possibility of using the contaminated gas for future WAG projects. This paper presents the premises, the alternatives and the economical results obtained from the integrated analysis of the PETROBRAS/E and P-Bahia State, Brazil, N2 and CO2 projects. (author)
Epidemiologia do desenvolvimento cognitivo de escolares em Jequié, Bahia, Brasil: procedimentos de avaliação e resultados gerais Epidemiology of schoolchildren's cognitive development in Jequié, Bahia State, Brazil: assessment procedures and general results
Darci Neves Santos
Full Text Available Este artigo descreve metodologia, aplicação e utilidade do teste das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven e do Teste de Sondagem Intelectual (TSI, comparando-os ainda com o rendimento escolar do aluno, em Jequié, Bahia. O Raven, que avalia o raciocínio não-verbal, foi aplicado a 374 escolares (7 a 17 anos. Somente 231 TSI foram respondidos porque requeriam habilidades de leitura e escrita. Foram coletadas notas escolares para todos os participantes. Um questionário avaliando recursos da escola e perfil do professor foi respondido por duzentos professores. Os escores dos testes Raven e TSI apresentaram uma boa correlação entre si (r = 0,53, p This paper describes the methodology, applicability and utility of the Raven Progressive Matrix (Raven Test and the Brazilian Intellectual Probe (TSI, comparing them with school achievement in a typical medium-size urban community of Northeastern Brazil. 388 schoolchildren (7-17 years old were examined, with 371 Raven tests applied. Only 231 TSIs were completed, since 106 students were illiterate. School grades were obtained for all participants. A questionnaire evaluating school resources, and teacher profiles was answered by 200 teachers. Raven and TSI test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.53, p < 0.001, but both correlated weakly with overall school grade (r = 0.22, p < 0.001 and r = 0.12, p < 0.07 respectively. For individual school grades, the Raven scores showed statistically significant correlation with all subjects, while the Brazilian TSI presented statistically significant correlation only with geography, history and sciences. Boys' mean scores were higher than girls' for both the Raven and the TSI Tests, but for the school grades girls performed better. In general, level of cognitive development was below that expected for children in the age-group analyzed.
Seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1 isolates from HIV-1 co-infected women in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
de Almeida Rego, Filipe Ferreira; Mota-Miranda, Aline; de Souza Santos, Edson; Galvão-Castro, Bernardo; Alcantara, Luiz Carlos
HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infection is associated with severe clinical manifestations, marked immunodeficiency, and opportunistic pathogenic infections, as well as risk behavior. Salvador, the capital of the State of Bahia, Brazil, has the highest HTLV-1 prevalence (1.74%) found in Brazil. Few studies exist which describe this co-infection found in Salvador and its surrounding areas, much less investigate how these viruses circulate or assess the relationship between them. To describe the epidemiological and molecular features of HTLV in HIV co-infected women. To investigate the prevalence of HTLV/HIV co-infection in surrounding areas, as well as the molecular epidemiology of HTLV, a cross sectional study was carried out involving 107 women infected with HIV-1 from the STD/HIV/AIDS Reference Center located in the neighboring City of Feira de Santana. Patient samples were submitted to ELISA, and HTLV infection was confirmed using Western Blot and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic analysis using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) was performed on HTLV LTR sequences in order to gain further insights about molecular epidemiology and the origins of this virus in Bahia. Four out of five reactive samples were confirmed to be infected with HTLV-1, and one with HTLV-2. The seroprevalence of HTLV among HIV-1 co-infected women was 4.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of the LTR region from four HTLV-1 sequences showed that all isolates were clustered into the main Latin American group within the Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype. The HTLV-2 sequence was classified as the HTLV-2c subtype. It was also observed that four HTLV/HIV-1 co-infected women exhibited risk behavior with two having parenteral exposure, while another two were sex workers. This article describes the characteristics of co-infected patients. This co-infection is known to be severe and further studies should be conducted to confirm the suggestion that HTLV-1 is spreading from
Biogeography and comparative cytogenetics between two populations of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794 (Ostariophysi: Erythrinidae from coastal basins in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Uedson Pereira Jacobina
Full Text Available The species Hoplias malabaricus is a predator fish found in nearly all cis-Andean basins. From a cytogenetic point of view, this species comprises, at least, seven differentiated karyomorphs. Several localities have been formerly analyzed in Brazil, however, some regions, such as Bahia State, remain underrepresented. Recently, the Brazilian Environment Ministry classified both Itapicuru and Contas river basins (entirely located within Bahia territory as priority conservation areas, whose biodiversity status lacks enough information. Therefore, the goal of the present work was to characterize, cytogenetically, populations of H. malabaricus from both basins, by using conventional staining, Ag-NOR and C-banding techniques. All specimens presented a diploid number of 2n = 40 with metacentric/submetacentric chromosomes, without differences between sexes, thereby representing the so-called "karyomorph F". The first metacentric pair presented a remarkably larger size in relation to the other pairs. The NORs were multiple, comprising the terminal region on long arms of two chromosomal pairs in both populations. However, the C-banding pattern was somewhat distinguishable between samples. Although sharing heterochromatic blocks at centromeric region of all chromosomes, the population from Itapicuru River basin appeared to have some more conspicuous blocks than those observed in the population from Contas River basin. The similar karyotype observed in both populations suggests a common geological history between them. The present results represent an advance in the knowledge about the cytogenetic pattern of H. malabaricus populations from poorly studied basins.A espécie Hoplias malabaricus é um predador que ocorre em praticamente todas as bacias cis-andinas. Sob o ponto de vista citogenético, ela compreende, pelo menos, sete cariomorfos diferenciáveis. Várias localidades já foram previamente analisadas no Brasil, porém, algumas regiões, como o
Inatividade física no lazer em jovens de Feira de Santana, Bahia Inactividad física en el ocio en jóvenes de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil Physical inactivity in the leisure-time in young people from Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
Luzana Cirqueira Rios
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de inatividade física no lazer entre os jovens. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com amostra constituída de 1.400 jovens entre 15 e 29 anos, residentes na zona urbana de Feira de Santana, Bahia. As atividades físicas e de lazer foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário estruturado, que abordou frequência, tipo, motivo e esforço envolvido. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 63,3% (n=795 eram inativos fisicamente no seu tempo de lazer, sendo que a prevalência foi maior entre as mulheres (pOBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de inactividad física en el ocio entre los jóvenes. MÉTODOS: Estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal con muestra constituida por 1.400 jóvenes entre 15 y 29 años, residentes en el área urbana de Feira de Santana, Bahia (Brasil. Las actividades físicas y de ocio fueron evaluadas por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, que abordó frecuencia, tipo, motivo y esfuerzo implicado. RESULTADOS: De los entrevistados, el 63,3% (n=795 eran inactivos físicamente en su tiempo de ocio, siendo que la prevalencia fue mayor entre las mujeres (pOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of physical inactivity during leisure-time among adolescents and young adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 1,400 young people aged 15-29 years living in the urban area of Feira de Santana, Northeast, Brazil. Physical activities and entertainment were assessed using a structured questionnaire, which addressed the frequency, type, reason, and effort involved. RESULTS: Among interviewed individuals 63.3% (n=795 were considered physically inactive concerning leisure activities. Prevalence was higher among women (p<0.001 and among those 10 to 24 years old (p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The young population of Feira de Santana city, Brazil, presented an elevated rate of physical inactivity during leisure. Public policies directed to health promotion among adolescents and
Frequency of species of the Genus Eimeria in naturally infected cattle in Southern Bahia, Northeast Brazil Frequência de espécies do gênero Eimeria em bovinos naturalmente infectados no Sudeste da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil
Valter dos Anjos Almeida
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the presence of species of the genus Eimeria species in naturally infected bovines in Southern Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The study population comprised 117 Zebu crossbred cattle that belonged to 10 dairy herds with extensive or semi-extensive production systems. The modified Gordon and Whitlock technique was used to determine positive samples and number of oocysts per gram of feces. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test with Yates correction and a 95% confidence interval. Thirty-nine cattle (33.33% were positive, and ten different species were identified in infected animals: E. bovis (24.79%; E. canadensis (8.55%; E. zuernii (6.83%; E. ellipsoidalis (5.99%; E. cylindrica (3.42%; E. auburnensis (3.42%; E. brasiliensis (2.56%; E. bukidnonensis (1.71%; E. alabamensis (0.85%, and E. subspherica (0.85%. Higher parasitism was observed in animals up to one year of age (p = 0.005, but no animal presented clinical signs of the disease. As the presence of clinical eimeriosis was not evidenced and all animals were Zebu crossbred cattle from extensive or semi-extensive production systems, further studies should be conducted to investigate the effects of these factors on disease development.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de espécies do gênero Eimeria em bovinos naturalmente infectados, na região Sudeste da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. A população do estudo incluiu 117 bovinos mestiços de raças Zebuínas que pertenciam a 10 fazendas leiteiras com sistemas de produção extensivo ou semiextensivo. A técnica de Gordon e Whitlock modificada foi utilizada para determinar as amostras positivas e o número de oocistos por grama de fezes. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Trinta e nove animais (33,33% foram positivos, e dez diferentes espécies foram identificadas nos animais
Trabalho em saúde: vigilância sanitária de farmácias no município de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil Work in health: sanitary surveillance of drugstores in Salvador (state of Bahia, Brazil
Augusto Amorim Bastos
Full Text Available A farmácia é um estabelecimento de interesse da saúde onde são dispensados medicamentos, tecnologia terapêutica mais utilizada na prática médica. Este trabalho objetiva descrever e analisar a vigilância sanitária de farmácias. A partir da teoria do processo de trabalho em saúde, realizou-se um estudo sobre a vigilância sanitária em farmácias de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil, segundo as categorias analíticas agentes e atividades. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação, análise documental e entrevistas. No processamento, utilizou-se o software QSR N Vivo. Verificou-se multiprofissionalidade no quadro técnico, profissionais com pouco tempo de serviço em vigilância sanitária de farmácias e insuficiente capacitação técnica para o exercício das atividades. Foram observadas deficiências de ordem gerencial no serviço, que ainda não incorporou práticas de planejamento e avaliação. As atividades estão direcionadas à concessão da licença sanitária, priorizando-se o atendimento à demanda espontânea, configurando um modelo tecnológico de intervenção baseado na inspeção sanitária. Revelou-se a necessidade de modernização do serviço e utilização de tecnologias diversificadas para propiciar o controle do risco, dado que a evolução tecnológica oferece medicamentos cada vez mais potentes, porém com maior grau de risco.A drugstore is an establishment of interest in health, from which medication is dispensed, namely the therapeutic technology most broadly used in the practice of medicine. The scope of this study is to describe and analyze the sanitary surveillance of drugstores. Based on the theory of working processes in healthcare, a case study was conducted on the sanitary surveillance of drugstores in Salvador (Bahia, Brazil, examining 2 analytical categories: agents and activities. Data were collected through observation, analysis of documents and interviews, and QSR N Vivo software was used for data
Trap-nesting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea in areas of dry semideciduous forest and caatinga, Bahia, Brazil Abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea que nidificam em ninhos-armadilha em áreas de floresta semi-decídua e caatinga, Bahia, Brasil
Cândida M. L. Aguiar
Full Text Available In this study were examined the species richness and seasonal abundance of cavity-nesting bees in areas of dry semi-deciduous forest and caatinga in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Sampling was done employing two types of trap-nests: bamboo canes and tubes made of black cardboard with dimensions of either 58 x 6 mm or 105 x 8 mm. The traps were inspected once a month. One hundred and forty-six nests of 11 bee species were collected in the forest, and 121 nests of seven species were collected in the caatinga. Five species of cleptoparasitic bees were also reared from these nests. The highest nesting frequencies occurred in the wet season in both areas. Nests parasitism was important only for Centris tarsata Smith, 1874, and was higher at the caatinga site than in the forest. The mortality of pre-emergent adults was high, especially in C. tarsata,Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 and Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758. Information on the number of cells per nest, the size, shape, and arrangement of brood cells in the nests, as well as the number of adults produced and the number of generations per year are also presented. Species richness, temporal patterns of nesting, and percentage of parasitism were compared with other habitats.Neste estudo foram investigadas a riqueza de espécies e a abundância sazonal de abelhas que nidificam em cavidades em áreas de Floresta estacional semi-decídua e Caatinga na Bahia. A amostragem foi realizada com dois tipos de ninhos-armadilha (= N.A.: gomos de bambu e tubos de cartolina preta (58 x 6 mm e 105 x 8 mm. Os N.A. foram inspecionados uma vez por mês. Foram coletados 146 ninhos de 11 espécies de abelhas na floresta e 121 ninhos de sete espécies na caatinga. Além disso, cinco espécies de abelhas cleptoparasitas foram criadas a partir destes ninhos. As freqüências de nidificação mais altas ocorreram na estação úmida em ambas as áreas. Parasitismo de ninhos foi importante apenas para Centris tarsata
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in papaya plantations of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em pomares de mamoeiro do Espírito Santo e Bahia no Brasil
Aldo Vilar Trindade
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to obtain knowledge on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM associations in papaya (Caricapapaya, L. in field soils and nursery conditions. Sixty seven soil and root samples were taken in February and May of 1996, from 47 commercial plantations in the North of Espirito Santo State and the West and South of Bahia State, in Brazil. Samples were used for direct spore counts, root colonization assessment and for trap culture with Sorghumbicolor (L. Moench and Crotalariajuncea L. Additional sampling was done in commercial nurseries to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization. Although papaya cropping systems are usually under high input of fertilizers and pesticides, papaya roots showed considerable arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM colonization, ranging from 6% to 83%. Colonization rates were most influenced by available soil P, correlated positively with percentage of sand and soil pH, but correlated negatively with soil clay content. AM colonization of nursery seedlings was very low in most samples. Field spore numbers varied from 34 to 444/30g of soil. All Glomerales families were represented and 24 fungal species identified. Glomusetunicatum, Paraglomusoccultum, Acaulosporascrobiculata and Gigaspora sp. were the most common species.O trabalho objetivou a obtenção de conhecimento sobre a associação micorrízica arbuscular (MA em mamoeiro (Carica papaya, L. em condições de pomar e viveiro. Sessenta e sete amostras de solo e raízes foram coletadas em quarenta e sete pomares comerciais nos meses de fevereiro e maio de 1996, abrangendo o Norte do Espírito Santo e o Oeste e Sul da Bahia. Amostras foram usadas para contagem direta de esporos, avaliação da colonização radicular e para cultivo armadilha com Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench e Crotalariajuncea (L.. Amostragens adicionais foram feitas em viveiros comerciais, para avaliar a colonização micorrízica. Embora os sistemas de cultivo do mamoeiro recebam grande quantidade de insumos na
Faunistic analysis of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) on a guava orchard under organic management in the municipality of Una, Bahia, Brazil
We carried out a study to characterize fruit fly populations on an organic guava orchard (Psidium guajava cv. Paluma) in the municipality of Una, southern region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, using faunistic analysis of the adult fruit f y specimens captured in McPhail traps from January 2004 through March 2007. A total of 22,673 specimens of Anastrepha (15,306 females and 7,367 males) were captured. Thirteen species of Anastrepha were recorded. A. fraterculus and A. obliqua were the more frequent and dominant species, accounting for 90.1% of all females captured in the traps. A. fraterculus was the predominant species (more frequent, constant and dominant). The high value of the Simpson index (0.62) and the low values of Shannon-Wiener (0.83) and equitability (0.49) indices indicated the dominance and high frequency of A. fraterculus and A. obliqua on the guava orchard despite the presence of other fruit species as potential hosts of fruit flies. (author)
Assessing risk behaviors and prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among female crack cocaine users in salvador - Bahia, Brazil
Ceuci L.X. Nunes
Full Text Available Crack cocaine use is associated with risky sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs, including HIV. We investigated sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and infection rates in female crack cocaine users from impoverished communities of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A sample of 125 female crack cocaine users was recruited. Overall, the interviewees had low educational level and high rate of unemployment (close to 90%. One-third (37% reported having traded sex for money or drugs, and 58% reported that they had not used condoms during intercourse in the last 30 days. The prevalence of infections was low: HIV-1.6%; HCV-2.4%; HBV- 0.8%; HTLV I/II-4.0%; and syphilis-4.0%. The combination of dire poverty and high prevalence of risk behaviors turn such populations a preferential target of initiatives aiming to reduce drug-related harm and promote social development. Low infection rates should not be viewed with complacency, but as a window of opportunity to implement prevention initiatives and reduce social marginalization.
Vulnerability in the context of HIV and syphilis infection in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil.
Brignol, Sandra; Dourado, Inês; Amorim, Leila D; Kerr, Lígia Regina Franco Sansigolo
Social, individual, and programmatic vulnerability of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the context of the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) is a reality in many countries. The survey Behavior, Attitudes, Practices, and Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex with Men in 10 Brazilian Cities selected 383 MSM in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, using the respondent driven sampling (RDS) technique. Individual vulnerability early sexual initiation (51%), average of eight sex partners, and unprotected receptive anal sex with casual (32%) and steady partners (45%) and positive rapid tests HIV (6.5%) and syphilis (9%). Social vulnerability young adults (80%), black race/skin color (91%), mean monthly family income of BRL 1,000.00, and personal history of discrimination (57%). Programmatic factors no previous HIV test (63%) and no access to lubricant gel (88%). The study showed a profile of vulnerability and the urgent need for interventions and STI prevention in the MSM population in Salvador, in addition to high prevalence rates for HIV and syphilis. PMID:26083178
Evaluation of the metal contamination associated to the leachate in the Chururupe-Ilheus (Bahia State, Brazil) river by using INAA and ICP-MS
The site of this research is in Ilheus city located at Bahia State in Brazil. Residues generated by the urban activities from this city are collected and disposed at a place without sanitary control called ' Lixao do Cururupe' close to Cururupe river. The leachate from the water drainage through the mass of garbage flows into the river. This solution is rich in organic and inorganic pollutants. There is not any information about the environmental impact caused by this dump. The objective of this study is to evaluate the contamination caused by metals due to the presence of leachate into Rio Cururupe. Water, sediment and crustaceans (Ucides cordatus) samples were collected in different points considering the dump location. Extra samples were also taken in Rio Acuipe 20 km from Rio Cururupe for comparison. After appropriate treatment the samples were analyzed using the technique Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The parameters pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and Biochemistry Oxygen Demand from the water samples were also determined. (author)
Prevalência de TB ativa e TB latente em internos de um hospital penal na Bahia Prevalence of active and latent TB among inmates in a prison hospital in Bahia, Brazil
Antônio Carlos Moreira Lemos; Eliana Dias Matos; Carolina Nunes Bittencourt
OBJETIVO: Estimar as prevalências de TB latente e TB ativa entre custodiados de um hospital penal na Bahia. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados através de estudo de corte transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados 237 internos no Hospital Penal da Bahia entre julho de 2003 e abril de 2004. Um questionário padronizado foi preenchido por estudantes de medicina. Os indivíduos foram sistematicamente submetidos aos seguintes exames: teste tuberculínico, radiografia de tórax em incidência póstero-anterior, b...
Mineralogical and textural evidences of melt transfer in a granulite from the Paleoproterozoic Itabuna-Salvador-Curaça belt (Salvador da Bahia, Brazil)
Goncalves, Philippe; Santos de Souza, Jailma; Barbosa, Johildo; Bourque, Hugo; Floess, David
In pelitic rocks, the effect of melt transfer (loss and/or gain) on phase relations can be successfully predicted via phase equilibrium modeling and more particularly using pseudosections with bulk composition as a variable (e.g. White et al., 2001). One of the most obvious effect of melt loss is the dehydration of the rock that limits further melting and favors the preservation of peak metamorphic assemblage. However, in most cases, melt loss has a limited effect that can be hardly seen mineralogically. Indeed, composition of phases like garnet, cordierite or plagioclase, that are first-order metamorphic phase, will not be affected significantly by melt loss. Therefore, evidences of melt extraction must be evidenced texturally. The goal of this contribution is to present an example where both mineralogical and textural evidences of melt extraction have been inferred. The studied sample is a pelitic granulite from the Paleoproterozoic Itabuna-Salvador-Curaça belt (Salvador da Bahia, Brazil). It is located in the city of Salvador da Bahia, next to the Farol da Bara. Structurally, it is located in a steeply deeping high strain zone that could have play a major role on the segregation and transfer of melt. The gneissic foliation is marked by a compositional banding with centimer-wide quartzo-feldspathic leucosomes in a garnet-bearing granulite. Leucosomes are almost systematically surrounded by a darker layer that is quartz-undersaturated and enriched in spinel and primatic sillimanite. This silica undersaturation is interpreted as the effect of extreme melt extraction and was modeled using phase diagram section. An interesting feature of the rock is that garnet grain size decreases and the number of garnet grains increases in the melanosome away from the leucosome. Furthermore, the type, amount and shape of inclusions in garnet, chemical composition and zoning in garnet also varies greatly and continuously across the gneissic foliation. Texturally, the presence of
O caso do frei Manuel da Madre de Deus: notas sobre um processo eclesiástico na Bahia do século XVIII Father Manuel da Madre de Deus: case notes on an ecclesiastic process in XVIII century, Bahia/Brazil
Roberto da Silva Ribeiro
Full Text Available Frei Manuel da Madre de Deus Bulhões nasceu em Salvador, em 1673 e morreu em data posterior a 1742. Foi procurador geral do Carmo em Lisboa e vigário geral da Vigaria do Carmo da Bahia e Pernambuco. Em 1727 é acusado de diversos crimes. Foi o caso julgado a pedido do visitador geral de Lisboa, em primeira instância no convento carmelita da Bahia. Foi frei Manuel acusado de viver em concubinato com a viúva Helena de Lima, violar o voto de pobreza ao obter lucros com um engenho na ilha das Fontes e mandar matar Manuel Guedes de Brito e seu escravo. Frei Manuel foge de seu convento e entra com recursos contra a condenação. Em 1739 é absolvido e é reinvestido de suas prerrogativas.Father Manuel da Madre de Deus Bulhões was born in Salvador, Brazil, in 1673 and dead after 1742. He was general procurator of Carmel Order in Lisbon and general father of Vigaria of Carmel on Bahia and Pernambuco. In 1727 he was accused of several crimes. The case was judged by petition of general visitator of Lisbon, on first instance on Carmel's convent of Bahia. Father Manuel was accused to live in concubinate with the widow Helena de Lima, to abandon the vow of poverty when he obtained profits with a engenho on Ilha das Fontes and to kill Manuel Guedes de Brito and his slave. Father Manuel runway from his convent and applied against his condemnation. In 1739 he was absolved and got again his prerogatives.
Environmental performance evaluation of waste management system of Uranium Concentrated Unit in Caetite city, Bahia State - Brazil
The mining/milling activities have the potential to cause risks to the human health and to the environment. In uranium mining, besides inherent damages due to any mining activities there are radiological risks, that may be incurred even in short as in long terms. The large volumes of low activity mining/milling residues produced, are the great challenge in the waste management. Nowadays, the whole Brazilian uranium production come from Uranium Concentrated Unit (URA), a facility operated by Brazilian Nuclear Industry and located at a semi-arid region, in the Caetite city, Bahia state. This Unit is composed by a open pit mine and a milling facility. The present work assess the URA waste management system, the procedures adopted, focused on its environmental performance. It was observed that the waste management system is efficient in the control of the environmental impacts, however improvement chances are detected and a better performance may be reached. Concerning the liquids wastes, it was observed that the storage systems were not projected adequately. The storage capacity was not enough to support a intense rainfall period causing a overflow to the environment. In URA activities there is no radiological risk to the public, but its necessary to improve long term actions, constraints for the post-closure phase, e.g., appropriate institutional controls, restrictions on land use. Finally, it is advisable to introduce a Environmental Management System (EMS) for the whole facility. (author)
Prevalence and risk factors associated with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep from Bahia state, Brazil.
Guimarães, Luciana Afonso; Bezerra, Rodrigo Alves; Rocha, Daniele de Santana; Albuquerque, George Rêgo
In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and identify risk factors associated with this infection in sheep from the southern region of Bahia state. Between February and December 2010, 795 sheep from 31 farms located in nine municipalities were tested. We found seroprevalence of 30.2% (240/795), with titers of 64 (38.3%), 256 (34.2%), 1,024 (18.3%), and 4,096 (9.2%) by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Seropositive sheep were detected in all farms sampled. Univariate statistical analysis detected association between T. gondii seropositivity and the variables age, use of fresh food mainly, water source, stocking rate, production system, presence and number of cats on the farm, and transit of cats (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression model, transit of cats (p = 0.001), production system (p = 0.007), and age (p = 0.027) were identified as risk factors associated with T. gondii infection. PMID:23856729
Bird-spiders (Arachnida, Mygalomorphae as perceived by the inhabitants of the village of Pedra Branca, Bahia State, Brazil
Neto Eraldo
Full Text Available Abstract This paper deals with the conceptions, knowledge and attitudes of the inhabitants of the county of Pedra Branca, Bahia State, on mygalomorph spiders locally known as 'caranguejeiras' (bird-spiders. It is launched here a new filed within ethnozoology: ethnoarachnology, which is defined as the transdisciplinary study of the relationships between human beings and bird-spiders. Data were collected from February to June 2005 by means of open-ended interviews carried out with 30 individuals, which ages ranged from 13 to 86 years old. It was recorded some traditional knowledge regarding the following items: taxonomy, biology, habitat, ecology, seasonality, and behavior. Results show that bird-spiders are classified as "insects". The most commented aspect of the interaction between bird-spiders and inhabitants of Pedra Branca is related to their dangerousness, since they said these spiders are very venomous and can cause health problems. In general, the traditional zoological knowledge of Pedra Branca's inhabitants concerning these spiders is coherent with the academic knowledge.
Structural variations among monocot emergent and amphibious species from lakes of the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil.
Leite, K R B; França, F; Scatena, V I
Temporary lakes are common in the semi-arid region of the State of Bahia and form water mirrors in the rainy season. In this period, various vegetal species appear having different life forms adapted to the seasonality conditions of the rainfall regime. This work surveyed the adaptive anatomical structures of some emergent and amphibious monocot species occurring in these lakes. We studied the anatomy of roots, rhizomes, leaves and scapes of Cyperus odoratus, Oxycaryum cubense, Pycreus macrostachyos (Cyperaceae) - amphibious species; and of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Alismataceae), Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae) and Habenaria repens (Orchidaceae) - emergent species. The anatomical features of the dermal, fundamental and vascular systems confirming the tendency of the adaptive convergence of these plants to temporary lacustrine the environment include: single layered epidermal cells with a thin cuticle layer in the aerial organs; the presence of air canals in all the organs; few or no supporting tissues; and less numerous conducting elements and thinner cell walls in the xylem. The reduction of the supporting tissues, the number of stomata, which can even be absent, and the number of conducting elements and the degree of cell wall lignification in the xylem of the emergent species is more accentuated than that of the amphibious species. The pattern of distribution of aerenchyma in the roots of the studied species was considered important to distinguish between amphibious and emergent life forms. PMID:22437397
A transamazonic age for magmatism, metamorphism and deformation on the northern limit of Jequie nucleous (Itaberaba, Bahia, Brazil)
A Rb/Sr isochron of 2154 ± 20 M.y., with Ro = 0,705 ± (MSWD=2,85) has been obtained for the Itaberaba and Pedra d'Agua granites, located on the northern limit between the Archean Jequie cratonic nucleous and the Early Proterozoic Salvador - Curaca mobile belt. The age so obtained dates peraluminous magmatism and Molybdenum mineralization, anatexis and granulite facies metamorphism, besides a N-S deformation phase (Fn+1). The Itaberaba and Pedra d'Agua massifs are the most important bodies in a context of extensive granite emplacement. A number of small granitic bodies can be found over the area. One of these dykes is emplaced in migmatitic kinzigites and has been dated along with the massifs above. It has shown itself to be the same age as those ones. Mingling between the dyke magma and anatectic leucosomes from the kinzigites has allowed dating anatexis in the migmatites. Crustal recycling processes have been involved in the generation of these granites, as suggested by petrographical/chemical features and high isotopic initial ratio. The age of the geological phenomena here described characterizes the area as a transitional interface between two tectonic blocks, helps typifying Early Proterozoic magmatism and metallogenesis in Central Bahia State and opens the discussion on the validity of 2,450 M. y. ages obtained previously. (author)
Isotopic determinations of carbon and oxygen in the metasedimentary rocks of the Rio Pardo group-Bahia State, Brazil
Determination of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions were made on approximately 100 samples of Late Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of the Rio Pardo Group from Southern Bahia. The results obtained show that carbon varies from δ13=C=5,73 per mille to δ13C=+9,00 per mille, and oxygen from δ18O=-1,87 per mille to δ18O=-19,67 per mille relative to PBD. The interpretations lead to some conclusions which confirm the validity the isotopic technique as auxiliary instrument in the study of geological problems. These include: 1) the evidence of a marine transgression during the Camaca sedimentation; 2) the probability that the dolomitic metalimestones of the Agua Preta formation belong to the Serra do Paraiso formation; 3) the assignment of the dolomitic metalismestones, which occur in Itiroro and which had been previously grouped with the crystalline basement rocks, to the Serra do Paraiso formation; 4) the removal of the marble from Serra do Paraiso formation and re-signment to the basement rocks, and finally; 5) the sedimentary evolution of the Rio Pardo Group from a typical fresh-water to a marine environment. (Author)
[Nutritional deficit in children in a major city of the interior of the state of Bahia, Brazil].
de Jesus, Gilmar Mercês; Castelão, Elizia Simões; Vieira, Tatiana de Oliveira; Gomes, Daiene Rosa; Vieira, Graciete Oliveira
The study sought to analyze the nutritional deficit of children and associated environmental factors and maternal and infant characteristics in a major city in the interior of the state of Bahia. Information from mother/child-under-four duos of a birth cohort was assessed. Malnutrition was defined by the height-for-age (H/A) anthropometric index, at a cutoff of -1 z-score relative to the benchmark of the 2006 Multicentre Growth Reference Study. The variables studied were: the characteristics of children (birth weight and multiple births) and mothers (age at the time of birth, education level, parity and performing prenatal exams) and environmental factors (floor and roof material of residence, source of water consumed, indoor plumbing, water used for consumption and ownership of a refrigerator). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with nutritional deficit. Nutritional deficit occurred in 24.6% of children. Underweight at birth, inadequate prenatal care, precarious nature of the floor of the home and no indoor plumbing were predictors of malnutrition among children in the study. Factors associated with malnutrition confirm the contribution of social issues in the genesis of malnutrition. PMID:24897223
Infraestrutura de biossegurança para agentes biológicos em hospitais do sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil Infraesctructura de bioseguridad para los agentes biológicos en hospitales del sur del Estado de Bahia, Brasil Biosecurity infrastructure for biological agents in hospitals from the south of Bahia State, Brazil
Maridalva de Souza Penteado
én el cuidado con la vida de sus trabajadores.The purpose of the study was to describe the biosecurity infrastructure in hospitals located in the South Region of Bahia State, Brazil. That was a descriptive-exploratory study carried out in commissions hospital infections control and institutional prevention commission of accidents about the existence of written norms, the accomplishment of training, the existence of concernments institutional registers to the biosecurity, and the existence of practical attention to the health of the professionals and isolated patients. Hospitals are compared according to the presence of each one of the itens under analysis as its classification, legal-financial issues, etc. It was conclude that the general situation is precarious regarding the presence of the items investigated, that impels to consider the necessity that must take into account an analysis of hospital quality, and also the care of the life of its workers.
Pb isotope investigations on Cu-Au deposits from Carajas Province, Amazonian craton, Brazil
The Carajas Province is the most important mineral province of Brazil hosting deposits of iron, copper, gold, manganese, nickel and others. In the last years, discoveries of large Cu-Au deposits in Carajas Province have demonstrated the vocation of this region for such deposits, which are, in general, associated with volcanosedimentary sequences and, in some cases, with Archean and/or Paleoproterozoic granitic instrusions. The age and nature of the deposits, as well as the metal source, are still not well understood. Someone believe that these deposits are volcano-exhalant in nature (e.g. Ferreira Filho, 1985; Vieira et al., 1988; Almada and Villas, 1999), while others propose a hydrothermal source for the ore associated with granitic intrusions (e.g. Winter, 1994; Lindenmayer et al., 1998; Tallarico et al., 2000). This work presents a brief discussion about three Cu-Au deposits from Carajas Basin (Bahia, Aguas Claras, and Pojuca deposits) based on new Pb isotope data on zircon and sulfides carried out in the Para-Iso Laboratory of the University of Para, Brazil (au)
Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by score system in children and adolescents: a trial in a reference center in Bahia, Brazil
Clemax Couto Sant'Anna
Full Text Available Since 2002, the Brazilian Ministry of Health has recommended a score system for tuberculosis diagnosis of children and adolescents that does not need bacteriological positivity, because most cases in this age group have few bacteria. An observational, transversal study was carried out at the outpatient health care service of the reference medical service in Salvador, Bahia, including 164 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, with ages ranging between 1 and 15 years of age, who were treated from 1990 to 2001. The gold standard used to establish the diagnosis was clinical, radiological, epidemiological and based on follow-up data. The score system for diagnosis purposes was tested retrospectively. The median age and the average age of the 164 patients were 6 and 6.62 years (SD ± 4.33, respectively. About 65% of the sample reported a history of close contact with a tuberculous adult. The BCG vaccine coverage was 70.7% (116/164. It was found that 26% (43/164 of the patients had severe malnutrition. Out of this group, 26/43 (60.47% were < 5mm reactive to the tuberculin test. On the other hand, out of the 91 patients with tuberculin test < 5mm, 29% (26/ 91 had severe malnutrition. The use of the score gave the following distribution: a TB very likely in 81.7% (134/164 of the patients; b possible TB in 15.9% (26/164 and TB unlikely in 2.4% (4/164. Among patients who had been vaccinated more than 2 years before, there was a 9 times higher risk of finding a tuberculin test above 10 mm in individuals with probable TB in comparison with the patients with possible or unlikely TB.
The Lagoa Real subalkaline granitic complex (south Bahia, Brazil): a source for uranium mineralizations associated with Na-Ca metasomatism
In the central zone of the Sao Francisco Craton (South Bahia), the lower Proterozoic Lagoa Real granites and orthogneisses overthrust to the West the younger Urandi and Espinhaco metamorphic series, probably a late Brazilian event. This thrust is related to the regional metamorphism (amphibolite facies) of the Lagoa Real granites and induces a reverse HP metamorphism in the over thrusted series. Undeformed granites (sao Timoeto type) present two feldspars, perthitic orthoclase largely predominant over plagioclase (oligoclase ≥ albite), blue quartz, Fe-rich amphibole and biotite ± clinopyroxene assemblages, ilmenite ≥ magnetite, zircon, apatite, allanite and Nb ± Ti-REE oxides and silicates. The crystallization of the granites begins at high temperature and under low fO2 and PH2O conditions. Fractional crystallization of pyroxene and plagioclase leads to silica enrichment during magmatic differentiation. Increasing fO2 and PH2O are observed during this evolution. Orthogneisses show strongly recrystallized paragenesis: equal abundance of non-perthitic microcline and plagioclase (oligoclase ≤ albite), quartz, more Al-rich amphibole and biotite, magnetite, sphene, zircon, allanite, Nb ± Ti-REE oxides and silicates, and ± apatite. HT Na and Ca metasomatism occurs 330 Ma later than granite emplacement and is synchronous with important uranium mineralizations. Major elements and trace-elements geochemistry of the granites and orthogneisses indicate subalkaline to alkaline typology. Incompatible behaviour of Th, REE, Y, Zr, Nb, and F points out a convergence with alkaline magmatism. CI, F, Th, Y, REE, NB enrichments and Ba, Sr depletions are also related to a late magmatic stage. U-Th-rich and metamict accessory minerals of the granites represent a favorabl source for the Lagoa Real uranium ore-deposits
Taxonomical study on a sample of pulmonates from Santa Maria da Vitória, Bahia, Brazil, with description of a new genus and four new species (Mollusca: Orthalicidae and Megalobulimidae)
Luiz Ricardo L. Simone
A sample of Pulmonata collected in Santa Maria da Vitória, interior of Bahia, Brazil, in Caatinga semi-arid environment, is studied taxonomically. From the five species, four are revealed as new, including a new genus. The new taxa are the Bulimulidae (1) Kora corallina gen. et sp. n. characterized by the elongated shell with aperture somewhat dislocated from the shell axis, and an oblique tooth in middle level of inner lip; (2) Spixia coltrorum, mainly characterized by an uneven spire, delic...
Study of the association between the interleukin-1 β c.3954C>T polymorphism and periodontitis in a population sample from Bahia, Brazil
Samir A Mendonça
Full Text Available Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. Different factors are associated with the onset and prognosis of this disease, both environmental and genetic. The latter particularly relate to molecules secreted as a function of the host immune response, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies indicate that the polymorphism c. 3954C > T in the interleukin-1 β encoding gene (IL1B can be considered as an aggravating factor in the periodontitis condition. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between the IL1B c. 3954C > T gene polymorphism and the prevalence of periodontitis in the population from Vitσria da Conquista-Bahia, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 347 subjects (134 cases and 213 controls who provided epithelial tissue of the oral cavity and saliva samples for DNA extraction and quantification of IL1B, respectively, were selected. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism followed by electrophoresis in agarose gel. The evaluation of the cytokine concentration was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical Analysis: Statistical calculations involved in this work include Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Our findings revealed that: (i No statistically significant relationship between periodontitis and the polymorphism studied was observed; (ii no significant difference between the concentrations of IL1B in saliva between the case and control subjects and between the genotypes of these individuals and the concentrations of this cytokine. Conclusions: We conclude that, in the sample evaluated, the IL1B c. 3954C > T polymorphism did not present as an etiological factor for periodontitis.
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts prepared from different tissues of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi that occurs in the coast of Bahia, Brazil
Cinara Oliveira D′Sousa′ Costa
Full Text Available Background: Schinus terebinthifolius is widely used in traditional medicine by Brazilian quilombola and indigenous communities for treatment of several diseases. Extracts from different tissues are being used to produce creams to treat cervicitis and cervicovaginitis. However, most studies are limited to the assessment of the essential oils and extracts obtained from the leaves. Objective: The aim was to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activities, to assess the phytochemical profile and to quantify total phenolic compounds of various extracts prepared from S. terebinthifolius grown in the coast of Bahia, Brazil. Materials and Methods: Extracts were obtained by hot continuous extraction (soxhlet and by maceration. Quantification of phenolic compounds was performed using the Folin Ciocalteu method and antioxidant properties were assessed by 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening was performed as described by in the literature and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 was determined by the microdilution broth assay. Results: Extraction method greatly affected the metabolite profile of the extracts. Antioxidant activity varied between 21.92% and 85.76%, while total phenols ranged between 5.44 and 309.03 mg EAG/g of extract. Leaf extract obtained with soxhlet showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC of 15.62 μg/mL, while stem extract obtained by maceration was able to inhibit the growth of E. faecalis at 62.5 μg/mL. Stem bark extracts showed a MIC of 500 μg/mL for both extraction methods, while no inhibition was observed for fruit extracts. Conclusion: In general, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were higher in samples obtained by soxhlet. Our results provide important clues in order to identify alternative sources of bioactive compounds that can be used to develop new drugs.
Surface patterns of Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae in the presence of boats in Port of Malhado, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
Mariana S Santos
Full Text Available Interactions with boats can cause several behavioural changes in cetaceans. The purpose of this research is to analyse if Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, change their surfacing patterns in the presence of different boat categories, and their contact distances to boats at Port of Malhado, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Data were collected from a fixed point from September 2008 to August 2009 and totalled 362.6 h of sampling effort and 213.22 h of effective effort. The number of dolphin breathing events was recorded during one minute periods, every time a boat passed nearby, and the same measurements were performed during periods of boat absence (control. Dolphin group composition was classified into groups with calves and groups without calves. Boat types were classified as inboard motor (IM, outboard motor (OM, ships (S and without a motor (WM. Distances between the dolphins and passing boats were classified as near, intermediate and far. In total, 365 samples of one minute observations in absence of boats, and 379 observations in their presence were collected. Inboard motorboats had the highest occurrence in the study area (n = 478 and in interactions with Guiana dolphins (n = 260. However, outboard motorboats were mainly responsible for the reduction in surface patterns with an average of 1.82 and median of 2.2. In groups with calves, the number of breaths decreased significantly with an average of 2.13 per minute. There were no significant variations concerning the distances in the breathing pattern for any of the boat categories. The variation in the S. guianensis breathing pattern in the presence of boats may be a strategy of boat avoidance or a response to the difficulty of communication between animals.
The effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on child morbidity in the State in Bahia, Brazil: II — Analysis at the individual level
Mauricio L. Barreto
Full Text Available The present investigation was carried out on a sample of 840 children (5 to 16 years old from ten small towns of the State of Bahia in northeastern Brazil. The objetive was to study, by using a cross sectional methodology, the evolution of schistosomiasis morbidity (hepatic and splenic enlargement in children, and the role of the intensity of S. mansoni infection in this process. The children were analised in three age groups (5 to 8, to 12 and 13 to 16 years old and classified as uninfected, mildly infected, moderately infected and heavily infected according to the number of eggs in the stool. In children aged 5 to 8 years, increasing egg counts were not associated with increasing frequencies of hepatic or splenic enlargement. In the 9 to 12 years old group and association was observed with the prevalence of hepatic enlargement, but not with the prevalence of spleen enlargement. In the oldest group, 13 to 16 years old, an association was observed with the prevalence of enlargement of both organs. It was evident that in this population schistosomiasis morbidity develops in the early period of life as a gradual process starting with liver enlargement and followed by spleen enlargement some years later. It was found that the intensity of infection has a fundamental role in this process, although there is a latent period of some years before clinical splenomegaly appears in moderate-heavily infected children. The Authors suggest that the prevalence of splenomegaly in the 13 to 16 years old group is a good measure of the community level of schistosomiasis morbidity and could be used to measure the impact of control programs.
Growth and essential oil production by Martianthus leucocephalus grown under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
Bianca Oliveira de Azevedo; Lenaldo Muniz de Oliveira; Angélica Maria Lucchese; Daniel de Jesus da Silva; Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo; Marilza Neves do Nascimento
ABSTRACT: The semiarid region of Brazil holds a great richness of medicinal and aromatic plants with considerable potential for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and biopesticide industries. Martianthus leucocephalus (Mart. Ex Benth.) J. F. B. Pastore is endemic to this region, and its essential oils contain a principle compound, isobornyl formate, which demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Bacilus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In spite of its significant pharmacolog...
Cacau "Jaca" resistente a Ceratocystis fimbriata na região cacaueira da Bahia, Brasil Resistance of cacao "Jaca" to Ceratocystis fimbriata in the cacao growing region of Bahia, Brazil
Stela Dalva V. M. Silva
Full Text Available Cento quarenta e quatro genótipos de cacaueiros (Theobroma cacao testados "in vitro", apresentaram-se suscetíveis a altamente suscetíveis ao isolado 2591 de Ceratocystis fimbriata na Bahia. A variedade conhecida como cacau "Jaca" foi o material genético que apresentou maior resistência ao patógeno entre todos os materias testados.One hundred and forty four cacao (Theobroma cacao genotypes testified "in vitro", showed susceptibility to high susceptibility to the isolate 2591 of Ceratocystis fimbriata in Bahia. The variety known, as cacao "Jaca" was the more genetic material that showed resistance to the pathogen among all the materials tested.
Phytoplankton composition of the water and gastrointestinal tract of the mussel Diplodon enno (Ortmann, 1921) from São Francisco river (Bahia, Brazil).
Alves, T; Lima, P; Lima, G M S; Cunha, M C C; Ferreira, S; Domingues, B; Machado, J
The knowledge on diet composition of the freshwater mussel Diplodon enno (Ortmann) would aid in its culture and propagation allowing, this way, the replacement of natural endangered populations in Brazil. Microalgae are the main food source for captive mussels and unionids have displayed an ability to sort algae based on the cellular characteristics prior to ingestion. The main objective of the present work is to analyze the phytoplankton composition of the water from and of the gastrointestinal contents of the mussel D. enno, as an initial step for development of a suitable rearing diet. Therefore, water samples and bivalve specimens were collected from S. Francisco River, city of Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil. The microalgal composition found in water and stomach/gut content samples was very diverse being represented by the following divisions: Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinophyta and Heterokontophyta (Diatoms). Concerning the relative abundance of microalgae divisions, it is possible to state, for the water and gastrointestinal contents, that Cyanophyta represents 15% and 14%, Chlorophyta 54% in both, Heterokontophyta 31% and 27% and Dinophyta 0% and 5%, respectively. According to the Brazilian CETESB criteria for phytoplankton species classification, 50% of Cyanophyta and 15% of Chlorophyta species observed in the water samples were classified as "very frequent", as were 68% of Heterokontophyta and 33% of Chlorophyta species in the gut/stomach tract samples. Focusing at a species level, although in the water only Coelastrum sp. and Chroococcus sp. were observed in 100% and 75% of the samples, respectively, in the gastrointestinal tract the species Staurastrum sp., Aulacoseira sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Fragilaria crotonensis occurred in 80% to 100% of the samples. The present results showed that D. enno feeds not only on small chlorophytes microalgae, due to their convenient size that facilitates higher feeding rates, but also on large size diatoms, due to a possible
Family context and incidence of dental caries in preschool children living in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil Contexto familiar e incidência de cárie dentária em pré-escolares residentes em áreas do Estratégia Saúde da Família em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Tatiana Frederico de Almeida; Maria Isabel Pereira Vianna; Maria Beatriz Barreto de Souza Cabral; Maria Cristina Teixeira Cangussu; Fabiana Raynal Floriano
Psychosocial factors influence family care and can jeopardize child development. This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal common mental disorders and incidence of early dental caries in preschool-age children living in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, in a cohort design. A total of 472 children were examined and their mothers were interviewed from 2007 to 2008. Incidence of at least one tooth with caries was 21.19%, while 7.84% ...
Impacts of a high-discharge submarine sewage outfall on water quality in the coastal zone of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil)
Roth, F.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of suspended particulate organic matter and seawater biological oxygen demand (BOD) were measured along a coastal transect during summer 2015 to investigate pollution impacts of a high-discharge submarine sewage outfall close to Salvador, Brazil. Impacts of untreated sewage discharge were evident at the outfall site by depleted δ13Corg and δ15N signatures and 4-fold increased BOD rates. Pollution effects of a sewage plume were detectable for more than 6 km downstream from the outfall site, as seasonal wind- and tide-driven shelf hydrodynamics facilitated its advective transport into near-shore waters. There, sewage pollution was detectable at recreational beaches by depleted stable isotope signatures and elevated BOD rates at high tides, suggesting high bacterial activity and increased infection risk by human pathogens. These findings indicate the urgent necessity for appropriate wastewater treatment in Salvador to achieve acceptable standards for released effluents and coastal zone water quality.
Impacts of a high-discharge submarine sewage outfall on water quality in the coastal zone of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil).
Roth, F; Lessa, G C; Wild, C; Kikuchi, R K P; Naumann, M S
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures of suspended particulate organic matter and seawater biological oxygen demand (BOD) were measured along a coastal transect during summer 2015 to investigate pollution impacts of a high-discharge submarine sewage outfall close to Salvador, Brazil. Impacts of untreated sewage discharge were evident at the outfall site by depleted δ(13)Corg and δ(15)N signatures and 4-fold increased BOD rates. Pollution effects of a sewage plume were detectable for more than 6km downstream from the outfall site, as seasonal wind- and tide-driven shelf hydrodynamics facilitated its advective transport into near-shore waters. There, sewage pollution was detectable at recreational beaches by depleted stable isotope signatures and elevated BOD rates at high tides, suggesting high bacterial activity and increased infection risk by human pathogens. These findings indicate the urgent necessity for appropriate wastewater treatment in Salvador to achieve acceptable standards for released effluents and coastal zone water quality. PMID:27038882
Determination of the concentration of radionuclides in soil and water next the uranium mine of Caetite, Bahia, Brazil
Almeida, Geangela M.; Souza, Susana O. [Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE (Brazil). Dept. of Physics; Campos, Simara S.S. [State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Itapetinga, BA (Brazil). Dept. of Basic and Instrumental Studies; Gennari, Roseli F., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Inst. of Physics. Dept. of Nuclear Physics
The economic growing in Brazil is responsible for an urgent demand for energy. Uranium is the fuel used to generate nuclear power. Brazil has the sixth largest reserve of the uranium ore in the world and, nowadays there is only one mine under exploration (Uraniferous District of Lagoa Real - Caetite-BA). Some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), such as Greenpeace, state that the explored uranium mine is dangerous and polluting, causing water contamination by uranium. So, the population would be receiving radiation doses above permissible limits. However, Industrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB) the company in charge of the complex extraction and production of yellow cake rejected these accusations. The main purpose of this work is the determination of the composition of natural radionuclides in the Uraniferous District of Lagoa Real in order to determine if the nearest population is exposed to environmental radiation. It was checked if there is water contamination due to the natural transport in the uranium mining surroundings. Soil and water samples from Caetite mine and also from nearby town were collected. Only one water sample collected had concentrations higher than the limits recommended by World Health Organization. The presence of radionuclides in soil samples is considered independent of mineral exploration. The effective dose rates in almost all samples are above the world average which is 2.4 mSv/y. To sum up, the presence of uranium in water and soil of the tested areas is probably due to the nature of the soil and not to the exploration of mine. (author)
Determination of the concentration of radionuclides in soil and water next the uranium mine of Caetite, Bahia, Brazil
The economic growing in Brazil is responsible for an urgent demand for energy. Uranium is the fuel used to generate nuclear power. Brazil has the sixth largest reserve of the uranium ore in the world and, nowadays there is only one mine under exploration (Uraniferous District of Lagoa Real - Caetite-BA). Some Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), such as Greenpeace, state that the explored uranium mine is dangerous and polluting, causing water contamination by uranium. So, the population would be receiving radiation doses above permissible limits. However, Industrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB) the company in charge of the complex extraction and production of yellow cake rejected these accusations. The main purpose of this work is the determination of the composition of natural radionuclides in the Uraniferous District of Lagoa Real in order to determine if the nearest population is exposed to environmental radiation. It was checked if there is water contamination due to the natural transport in the uranium mining surroundings. Soil and water samples from Caetite mine and also from nearby town were collected. Only one water sample collected had concentrations higher than the limits recommended by World Health Organization. The presence of radionuclides in soil samples is considered independent of mineral exploration. The effective dose rates in almost all samples are above the world average which is 2.4 mSv/y. To sum up, the presence of uranium in water and soil of the tested areas is probably due to the nature of the soil and not to the exploration of mine. (author)
Câncer do pênis: estudo da sua patologia geográfica no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Cancer of the penis: a study in pathological geography in Bahia State, Brazil
Aryon de Almeida Barbosa Júnior
Full Text Available Foram estudados 811 pacientes com o diagnóstico histológico de câncer do pênis, procedentes do Estado da Bahia, Brasil, entre 1952 e 1983. Cinqüenta por cento dos pacientes tinham entre 46 e 61 anos de idade. Cerca de 80% de todos os pacientes eram procedentes das regiões interioranas do Estado. A mesorregião do Leste Baiano foi a que apresentou freqüência mais elevada, principalmente as microrregiões do Recôncavo Baiano, Jequié, Feira de Santana e Serrinha. O lapso de tempo entre o aparecimentos da primeira lesão e o diagnóstico foi maior do que três meses em mais de 80% dos casos. Fimose foi a principal condição associada, estando presente em 63% dos casos. A prática sistemática da circuncisão na infância é meio eficaz de prevenção da doença, e deve ser estimulada.A study of 811 patients from Bahia State with histological cancer of the pênis is presented. Fifty per cent of the tumors were observed in persons of between 46 and 61 years of age. Nearly 80% of the penile cancer patients came from rural areas. The greatest number of patients came from the Eastern region of Bahia, notably from de Recôncavo Baiano, Jequié, Feira de Santana and Serrinha. More than 80% of the cases sought medical advice for the first time three months or more after the appearance of the initial lesion. Sixty-three per cent had pre-existing phimosis. The systematic practice of circuncision during infancy constitutes an effective prophylatic measure and should be encouraged.
I Chemistry Conference of West Bahia
Boaz Oliveira
Full Text Available The I Chemistry Conference of West Bahia [1] aimed the meeting of the academic community of west Bahia state developing research activities at graduate level and postgraduate ones in several chemistry areas, mainly the analytic chemistry, natural products, theoretical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, chemistry teaching, spectroscopy, materials science, photochemistry and catalysis. Through the plenary lectures, short courses and poster presentation, invited researchers from other institutions and mainly students could share experiences as well as plan collaborations from multi and interdisciplinar nature, enabling a greater scientific aggrandizement of the research developed by emergent groups distributed along the inland cities of Brazil.
Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos das neoplasias cerebrais na faixa etária pediátrica no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Clinical epidemiological aspects of cerebral neoplams in childhood in the State of Bahia, Brazil
O estudo tem como objetivo descrever aspectos relevantes da clínica e da epidemiologia das neoplasias cerebrais em crianças entre 1 e 15 anos, no Estado da Bahia, primeiro semestre de 1995. Utilizou-se desenho de corte transversal para o levantamento de todos os casos novos e preexistentes de neoplasia cerebral diagnosticados através da neuroimagem entre todas as crianças que realizaram estes exames. Em 2 128 exames foram diagnosticados 48 casos de neoplasia cerebral, sendo 19 deles incidente...
Cacau "Jaca" resistente a Ceratocystis fimbriata na região cacaueira da Bahia, Brasil Resistance of cacao "Jaca" to Ceratocystis fimbriata in the cacao growing region of Bahia, Brazil
Stela Dalva V. M. Silva; Márcia Cristina Paim; Wildson M. Castro
Cento quarenta e quatro genótipos de cacaueiros (Theobroma cacao) testados "in vitro", apresentaram-se suscetíveis a altamente suscetíveis ao isolado 2591 de Ceratocystis fimbriata na Bahia. A variedade conhecida como cacau "Jaca" foi o material genético que apresentou maior resistência ao patógeno entre todos os materias testados.One hundred and forty four cacao (Theobroma cacao) genotypes testified "in vitro", showed susceptibility to high susceptibility to the isolate 2591 of Ceratocystis ...
Câncer do pênis: estudo da sua patologia geográfica no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Cancer of the penis: a study in pathological geography in Bahia State, Brazil
Aryon de Almeida Barbosa Júnior; Paulo Roberto Fontes Athanázio; Benedito Oliveira
Foram estudados 811 pacientes com o diagnóstico histológico de câncer do pênis, procedentes do Estado da Bahia, Brasil, entre 1952 e 1983. Cinqüenta por cento dos pacientes tinham entre 46 e 61 anos de idade. Cerca de 80% de todos os pacientes eram procedentes das regiões interioranas do Estado. A mesorregião do Leste Baiano foi a que apresentou freqüência mais elevada, principalmente as microrregiões do Recôncavo Baiano, Jequié, Feira de Santana e Serrinha. O lapso de tempo entre o aparecime...
Fauna Triatominae do Estado de Bahia, Brasil.V - Microtriatoma pratai sp. n. Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolboderini Triatomidae fauna of the State of Bahia, Brazil. V - Microtriatoma pratai sp. n. - Hemiptera,Reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolderini
Ítalo A. Sherlock; Neide Guitton
Microtriatoma pratai sp. n. de Hemíptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolboderini, é descrita no presente trabalho com base em um exemplar coletado em domicílio da cidade do Salvador, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. A espécie se distingue facilmente das outras conhecidas do gênero, principalmente por apresentar asas sem manchas e conexivo com largas manchas claras e escuras alternadas.Microtriatoma pratai n. sp. (Hemíptera, reduviidae, Triatominae, Bolboderini) is described from a single specimen colle...
Diversidade genética de Chenopodium ambrosioides da região cacaueira da Bahia com base em marcadores RAPD Genetic diversity based on RAPD markers of Chenopodium ambrosioides from the cocoa region of Bahia State, Brazil
Simone Gualberto Santos; Ronan Xavier Corrêa
Chenopodium ambrosioides L., conhecida no Brasil por suas propriedades medicinais e usada principalmente para o controle de verminoses intestinais, é pouco estudada quanto à diversidade genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de 16 indivíduos de C. ambrosioides, provenientes de diferentes municípios da região cacaueira da Bahia, pela técnica de RAPD (DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso). Apenas 6,9% das 216 bandas RAPD amplificadas foram polimórficas e a anális...
Avaliação de barreiros e finalidade da água armazenada na região semi-árida da Bahia Evaluation of the water traps and stored water usage in the semi-arid region of Bahia - Brazil
Nilton de B. Cavalcanti
Full Text Available Fazer-se um levantamento do tipo e da quantidade de barreiros utilizados pelos pequenos agricultores das comunidades de Curaçá, Casa Nova e Jaguarari, municípios do Estado da Bahia, foi a meta principal deste trabalho, realizado no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 1999, em que os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os pequenos agricultores utilizam algum tipo de barreiro para armazenar água de chuva. A água é utilizada para o consumo humano e animal.This study had the objective of making a survey about the type and amount of water traps used as rainwater catchment by small farmers of three communities located in the municipalities of Curaçá, Casa Nova and Jaguarari in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The research was carried out between January of 1998 and December of 1999. The results showed that small farmers use some form of tank for rainwater catchment. The water is used for human and animal consumption.
C and N Content in Density Fractions of Whole Soil and Soil Size Fraction Under Cacao Agroforestry Systems and Natural Forest in Bahia, Brazil
Rita, Joice Cleide O.; Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela Forestieri; Gama-Rodrigues, Antonio Carlos; Polidoro, Jose Carlos; Machado, Regina Cele R.; Baligar, Virupax C.
Agroforestry systems (AFSs) have an important role in capturing above and below ground soil carbon and play a dominant role in mitigation of atmospheric CO2. Attempts has been made here to identify soil organic matter fractions in the cacao-AFSs that have different susceptibility to microbial decomposition and further represent the basis of understanding soil C dynamics. The objective of this study was to characterize the organic matter density fractions and soil size fractions in soils of two types of cacao agroforestry systems and to compare with an adjacent natural forest in Bahia, Brazil. The land-use systems studied were: (1) a 30-year-old stand of natural forest with cacao (cacao cabruca), (2) a 30-year-old stand of cacao with Erythrina glauca as shade trees (cacao + erythrina), and (3) an adjacent natural forest without cacao. Soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm depth layer in reddish-yellow Oxisols. Soil samples was separated by wet sieving into five fraction-size classes (>2000 μm, 1000-2000 μm, 250-1000 μm, 53-250 μm, and cacao AFS soils consisted mainly (65 %) of mega-aggregates (>2000 μm) mixed with macroaggregates (32-34%), and microaggregates (1-1.3%). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content increased with increasing soil size fraction in all land-use systems. Organic C-to-total N ratio was higher in the macroaggregate than in the microaggregate. In general, in natural forest and cacao cabruca the contribution of C and N in the light and heavy fractions was similar. However, in cacao + erythrina the heavy fraction was the most common and contributed 67% of C and 63% of N. Finding of this study shows that the majority of C and N in all three systems studied are found in macroaggregates, particularly in the 250-1000 μm size aggregate class. The heavy fraction was the most common organic matter fraction in these soils. Thus, in mature cacao AFS on highly weathered soils the main mechanisms of C stabilization could be the physical
School-Camp Project: reflects on teaching, research and academic extension programs in Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Reflexos do Projeto Campo-Escola no ensino, pesquisa e extensao na Universidade Federal da Bahia
Oliveira Junior, Jose Baptista de; Santiago, Cybele Celestino; Santanna, Vanessa Cristina [Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA (Brazil)
In 2003, the Brazilian Regulatory Petroleum Agency (ANP) firmed an agreement with the Federal University of the Bahia (UFBA), transferring to the Polytechnical School the property of five mature fields in Bahia (Quiambina, Fazenda Mamoeiro, Caracatu, Bela Vista and Riacho Sesmaria). The objectives of the agreement, some already reached, were: the revitalization of the fields, the development of technology for gas and oil extraction, the training of professionals. To reach the goals, the Field-School Project (PCE) was created. It is responsible for the control of the activities directly related to the revitalization of the wells. Other activities were also carried out by the PCE: formalization of an agreement between the UFBA and the Brazilian Institute of Oil (IBP) for scientific, academic and cultural activities; creation of a site (www.campoescola.ufba.br), in which interesting information to the oil area is available; consulting to small groups interested in exploring mature fields; increase of resources and job offers to the communities and to the cities near the places were the wells are located; participation in events. (author)
Aspectos clínicos e demográficos da fenilcetonúria no Estado da Bahia Aspectos clínicos y demográficos de la fenilcetonuria en la provincia de Bahia - Brasil Clinical and demographic aspects of phenylketonuria in Bahia State, Brazil
Tatiana Amorim; Ney Boa-Sorte; Maria Efigênia Q. Leite; Angelina Xavier Acosta
OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas e demográficas dos pacientes com diagnóstico de hiperfenilalaninemia acompanhados no Serviço de Referência em Triagem Neonatal da Bahia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 99 famílias (111 afetados) com fenótipo bioquímico de hiperfenilalaninemia, com coleta de dados em prontuários e em banco de dados laboratorial, incluindo aspectos demográficos e clínicos. RESULTADOS: A incidência de hiperfenilalaninemia na Bahia foi de um caso a cada 16.334 nasci...
Implantation of wind power generation unities at rural communities of remote regions - the case of Vale do Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, Brazil; Implantacao de unidades de geracao de energia eolica em comunidades rurais regioes remotas - o caso do Vale do Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia, Brasil
Henriques Junior, Mauricio F. [Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], e-mail: email@example.com; Szklo, Alexandre [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao de Engenharia (COPPE)], e-mail: email@example.com
This paper describes the simulation of implantation of wind power generation unities for the attendance of small rural communities which are typical at remote regions and not attended by the regional concessionaires distribution networks systems. The simulation applies the Homer software, from NREL, and is applied to a typical rural community of isolated regions, composed by low income families, and situated at Rio Sao Francisco valley, Bahia state, Brazil, considering the incidence of strong and constant winds in the region. In this simulation a comparative analysis of an 40 W aeolian system is performed with other systems: a traditional one based on a diesel generation, an hybrid system, and the interconnection to the electric network.
Assessment of functional capacity in elderly residents of an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast Brazil Avaliação da capacidade funcional em idosos residentes em área periférica no interior da Bahia/Nordeste do Brasil
Gilson de Vasconcelos Torres
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the functional capacity and to determine the difference between the means of functional capacity (basic and instrumental activities of daily living and the age groups of elderly residents in an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast of Brazil. METHOD: Analytical study with cross-sectional design and a sample of 150 elderly individuals enrolled in four Health Units in the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The instrument consisted of sociodemographic and health data, the Barthel Index and the Lawton scale. RESULTS: In all, 78.00% of the elderly were classified as dependent in the basic activities and 65.33% in the instrumental activities of daily living. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found a statistically significant difference between the means of instrumental activities and the age groups (p=0.011. CONCLUSION: An elevated number of elderly were classified as dependent in terms of functional capacity and increased age is related to greater impairment in the execution of instrumental activities of daily living.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade funcional e averiguar a diferença entre as médias da capacidade funcional (atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária e os grupos etários de idosos residentes em áreas periféricas no interior da Bahia/Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODO: Pesquisa analítica com delineamento transversal e amostra de 150 idosos, cadastrados em quatro Unidades de Saúde no município de Jequié/BA. O instrumento foi constituído de: dados sociodemográficos e de saúde; Índice de Barthel e Escala de Lawton. RESULTADOS: 78,00% dos idosos foram classificados como dependentes nas atividades básicas e 65,33% nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Mediante aplicação do teste de Kruskal-Wallis encontrou-se diferença estatística significativa entre as médias das atividades instrumentais e os grupos etários (p=0,011. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se elevado número de idosos
Herpetofauna of the quaternary sand dunes of the middle Rio São Francisco: Bahia: Brazil. VII.: Typhlops amoipira sp. nov., a possible relative of Typhlops yonenagae (Serpentes, Typhlopidae
Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
Full Text Available A new species of a small typhlopid snake is described from Ibiraba, in the sand- dune area of the left bank of Rio São Francisco, State of Bahia, Brazil. Typhlops amoipira sp. nov. is a small, light brown, and slightly pigmented Typhlops characterized by an incomplete nasal suture,18 scale rows around the body (SAB, and 212-242 dorsal scales. The geographic and morphologically closer species, Typhlops yonenagae (18 SAB, 259-291 dorsals lives in the same area, in the sands of the opposite side of the river.Descreve-se uma nova espécie de Typhlops de Ibiraba, no campo de dunas da margem esquerda do Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brasil. Typhlops amoipira sp. nov. é um pequeno tiflopídeo castanho claro, pouco pigmentado, caracterizado por apresentar 18 fileiras de escamas ao redor do corpo e 212 a 242 dorsais. A espécie geográfica e morfologicamente mais próxima, Typhlops yonenagae, ocorre na mesma área, nas areias da margem oposta do rio e, embora também tenha 18 fileiras de escamas ao redor do corpo, apresenta 259 a 291 escamas dorsais.
Parasitismo natural em moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae no semiárido do sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil Natural parasitism in fruit-flies in the fruticulture area of anagé, semi-arid of southwestern Bahia, Brazil
Ricardo Falcão de Sá
Full Text Available Parasitoides são importantes agentes de controle natural de tefritídeos, e os conhecimentos sobre as relações tritróficas podem subsidiar o manejo destas pragas. Este trabalho objetivou estimar índices de parasitismo em moscas-das-frutas, em 21 espécies vegetais, e identificar as espécies de parasitoides associados, nas condições do semiárido do sudoeste da Bahia. Oito hospedeiros apresentaram infestação por Anastrepha spp. e, destes, em quatro, ocorreu parasitismo superior a 20,0%, sendo: 20,8% (Ziziphus joazeiro L.; 21,3% (Spondias tuberosa L.; 32,4% (Spondias purpurea L. e 57,1% (Malpighia emarginata L.. Os parasitoides coletados pertencem à família Braconidae, sendo 89% de Doryctobracon areolatus e 11% de Asobara anastrephae.Parasitoids are important natural control agents of tephritids and knowledge about the tritrophic relationships can support the management of these pests. This study aimed to estimate of parasitism indexes in fruit flies in 21 plant species and identify the species of parasitoids associated, in semiarid conditions of Southwestern Bahia. Eight hosts showed infestation by Anastrepha spp. and, of these, four occurred parasitism above 20.0%, of which: 20.8% (Ziziphus joazeiro L.; 21.3% (Spondias tuberosa L.; 32.4% (Spondias purpurea L. and 57.1% (Malpighia emarginata L.. The collected parasitoids belong to the Braconidae family, 89% of Doryctobracon areolatus and 11% of Asobara anastrephae.
Botanical profile of bee pollen from the southern coastal region of Bahia, Brazil Perfil botânico do pólen apícola proveniente do litoral sul da Bahia, Brasil
Marcos da Costa Dórea
Full Text Available This paper aims to identify the botanical origin of pollen loads collected by Apis mellifera L. in Canavieiras municipality, Bahia state. It provides a list of polliniferous plant species from the Atlantic Forest biome that are important for the development of regional apiculture. Using the acetolysis method, 35 bee-pollen samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results showed that pollen types Elaeis (23.99%, Mimosa pudica (22.78% and Cecropia (13.68% were the most abundant among the samples. These also showed the highest relative frequencies of the material studied and were important pollen sources for bees in the study area.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a origem botânica das bolotas de pólen coletadas pelas abelhas Apis mellifera L. no município de Canavieiras, Bahia, gerando uma lista de plantas poliníferas pertencentes ao bioma Mata Atlântica e importantes para o desenvolvimento da apicultura regional. Foram analisadas palinologicamente 35 amostras de pólen apícola, utilizando-se o processo de acetólise para, em seguida, serem feitas análises qualitativas e quantitativas. Os resultados revelaram que os tipos polínicos Elaeis (23,99%, Mimosa pudica (22,78% e Cecropia (13,68% foram os mais abundantes no pólen apícola analisado. Estes tipos polínicos também apresentaram as maiores frequências relativas de todo o material estudado e representam importantes plantas fontes de pólen para as abelhas na área estudada.
Regionalização dos serviços de Saúde Pública: a experiência do estado da Bahia, Brasil Regionalization of public health service: the experience of the State of Bahia, Brazil
José Duarte de Araújo
Full Text Available Após historiar a evolução dos serviços de Saúde Pública no Estado da Bahia, no aspecto de sua estrutura administrativa, foi apreciada a Reforma Administrativa do Estado (1966 no setor saúde, e analisado em pormenor o sistema de regionalização através da implantação de centros regionais no interior do Estado. Ao lado da apresentação da nova estrutura administrativa foram comentadas as dificuldades surgidas na implantação do novo sistema, bem como as numerosas vantagens dele decorrentes. Concluiu-se que a regionalização administrativa mostrou-se vantajosa não só para uma mais efetiva prestação de serviços de saúde no interior do Estado, como também para a implantação do processo de planejamento de saúde.After making a historic review of Public Health Service organization in Bahia, the Administrative Reform enacted in 1966, was analized and studied in particular the system of regionalization of Public Health Services, through Regional Executive Centers in the interior. Besides presenting the various aspects of the new structure, the difficulties presented in implantation, and the various advantages resulting from its application were commented. It was concluded that the regionalization of Public Health Services is advantageous not only for a more efficient delivery of health services, but also as a basis to stablish a process of health planning.
Herpetofauna of the Quaternary sand dunes of the Middle Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil. VIII. Amphisbaena arda sp. nov., a fulliginosa-like checkered patterned Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae.
Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
Full Text Available Amphisbaena arda sp. nov. is described based on a specimen obtained at Mocambo do Vento, on the left bank of the São Francisco river, Bahia state, Brazil. A. arda is a medium size amphisbaenian with a checkered black and white color pattern similar to the one present in the fuliginosa group but differing from that by having a lighter pigmentation, an uniformly white ventral surface, and by several other important morphological characters. A. arda is similar to Amphisbaena vermicularis in meristic characters currently used to assist amphisbaenian identification but can be separated from it by its color pattern, its flatter cephalic shields, and by the more ventral position of the nostril.
Meanings attributed to breastfeeding in the first two years of life: a study with women from two municipalities in the Recôncavo Baiano region of Bahia, Brazil
Franklin Demétrio
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the maternal meanings attributed to breastfeeding during the child's first two years of life. METHODS: This qualitative, exploratory and analytical study involved mothers that participated in a cohort from a larger study done in the municipalities of Mutuipe and Laje in the Recôncavo area of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The methodological resources included thorough individual interviews and thematic analysis. The meanings were analyzed by the theoretical framework of sociological phenomenology. RESULTS: The meanings stated by the mothers show the singularity of breastfeeding, the importance of family, spousal and health practitioner support, and knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother's and child's health and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: The meanings attributed to breastfeeding in the child's first two years of life reflected the influences of complex networks of social relationships of the mother's social and cultural context and of the scientific and biomedical discourse.
Gênese do movimento estudantil na Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia (1947-1959 Genesis del movimiento estudantil en la Escuela de Enfermeria, Universidad Federal de Bahia (1947-1959 Genesis of student organization in the Nursing School of University Federal of Bahia, Brazil (1947-1959
Cidia Daniela de Oliveira Pires
Full Text Available Estudo histórico-social da gênese do movimento estudantil na Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia no período de 1947 a 1959. Os objetivos do estudo são: descrever o contexto sócio-político da época estudada; descrever a emergência do movimento estudantil quando da fundação do Diretório Acadêmico; identificar o perfil das militantes e analisar a participação destas nas lutas estudantis. Os dados foram coletados por meio das Atas do Diretório Acadêmico, da consulta aos periódicos da época e das entrevistas realizadas através da História Oral. As narrativas evidenciam que o Diretório Acadêmico compartilhava dos mesmos propósitos da direção da Escola de Enfermagem, legitimando as regras por ela impostas e divulgando para a sociedade baiana o novo curso, no sentido de desconstruir os preconceitos e representações inerentes ao surgimento da profissão. Todavia, em outras escolas da Universidade e no Brasil, lutava-se por mais autonomia do País e em defesa do ensino público.Es un estudio histórico social cuyo objeto de investigación es la génesis del Directorio Estudiantil en una Escuela de Enfermería de 1947-1954, con objetivos de: describir el contexto socio-político; describir la emergencia del movimiento estudiantil; identificar el perfil de las militantes y analizar la participación de estas en las luchas estudiantiles. Los dados fueran colectados en las actas del Directorio, consulta en los periódicos publicados en el período y en las entrevistas con la técnica de Historia Oral. Las narrativas evidencian que la entidad estudiantil compartía de los mismos propósitos de la dirección de la Escuela y haciendo la difusíon en la sociedad local el nuevo curso. Todavía, en otras unidades de la Universidad y en el Brasil las luchas de los estudiantes eran por la autonomía del País y en defensa de la enseñanza pública. En contrapartida, la actuación de las participantes del Directorio estaba
Risk factors and clinical disorders of canine ehrlichiosis in the South of Bahia, Brazil Fatores de risco e alterações clínicas da erhlichiose canina no sul da Bahia, Brasil
Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos
Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study the clinical disorders and risk factors of canine ehrlichiosis in Ilhéus and Itabuna, Bahia, and compare different diagnostic methods. Blood samples were collected from 200 dogs. Each dog was clinically examined. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the risk factors. The blood samples were analyzed using the Dot-ELISA test; hematometry, platelet counts and searches for morulae on blood smears were performed. Nested PCR was carried out on 50 serologically positive samples and 50 negative samples. Three positive PCRs were sequenced. Thirty-six percent were serologically positivity and 5.5% from blood smears. The animals were anemic and thrombocytopenic. Presence of ticks and living in areas on the urban periphery were considered to be risk factors (p Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar as alterações clínicas, fatores de risco da ehrlichiose canina nos municípios de Ilhéus e Itabuna, Bahia, e comparar diferentes métodos de diagnóstico. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 200 cães e cada animal foi examinado clinicamente. Foi preenchido um questionário para avaliar os fatores de risco. As amostras de sangue foram analisadas pelo teste Dot-ELISA e foram realizadas hematimetria, contagem de plaquetas e procura de mórulas em esfregaço de sangue. Nested-PCR foi realizada em 50 amostras positivas e 50 negativas na sorologia. Três amostras PCRs positivas foram seqüenciadas. Foi encontrado 36,0% de positividade na sorologia e 5,5% nos esfregaços sanguíneos. Os animais apresentavam anemia e trombocitopenia. Ter carrapatos e residir em áreas suburbanas foram considerados fatores de risco (p < 0,05. A Nested-PCR identificou 11 cães positivos, sendo 9 com sorologia positiva e 2 negativos. O sequenciamento de DNA foi compatível com a presença de Ehrlichia canis.
Sistemas de produção de mandioca em treze municípios da Região Sudoeste da Bahia Cassava production systems in thirteen counties of the southwest area of Bahia State, Brazil
Fábio Martins de Carvalho
Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar as práticas culturais utilizadas no cultivo da mandioca em 13 municípios da Região Sudoeste da Bahia. Foram aplicados 848 questionários durante o primeiro semestre de 2005. A amostragem foi realizada por município, com coleta de informações sobre variedades utilizadas, origem do material de plantio, época de plantio, método de plantio e espaçamento, consorciação, manejo de plantas daninhas, ocorrência de pragas e doenças e época de colheita. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de frequência simples de ocorrência das alternativas apresentadas nos questionários, usando-se os programas SAEG 9.1 e Excel 2003. O sistema de produção foi caracterizado pela reduzida adoção de tecnologias agronômicas. A maioria dos produtores não usa técnicas como plantio em espaçamento apropriado e regular, predominando o cultivo de variedades tradicionais, colhidas geralmente com 18 a 24 meses após o plantio, feito em sistema de consórcio, predominando o uso do feijão e do milho.The aim of this research was to evaluate cassava crop management practices in thirteen counties of Southwest area of Bahia State. There were used 848 questionnaires during the first semester of 2005. The sampling was taken in each one of counties, with data about utilized varieties, source of the cassava cuttings, planting period, planting method and spacing, intercropping, weed management, pests and diseases control, and harvest time. The data were submitted to simple frequency analysis of the alternatives showed in the questionaires using the SAEG 9.1 and Excel software. The production system was characterized by low adoption of agricultural technologies. Most of the farmers do not use proper and regular plant spacing, prevailing the cultivation of traditional varieties, harvested generally with 18 a 24 months after the planting which is done mainly in intercropping with common bean and maize.