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I don't want to alarm you, but by the time you read this, American Craft Beer Week is already half over. But don't worry, you have through Sunday to properly celebrate the occasion, and there are several local establishments more than willing to help out. And that's on top of the normally busy beer schedule we've become accustomed to here in Washtenaw County. We now join your American Craft Beer Week, already in progress.
Thursday, May 15
>> The Arbor Brewing brewpub, 114 E. Washington, is celebrating ACBW with a couple guest beers on tap all week, including Mt. Pleasant Sacred Gruit Ale, brewed not with hops but with herbs, and Dogfish Head 90 Minute IPA, a big but balanced imperial brew. Today is also Industry Day, when brewery employees, homebrew clubs, and Michigan Brewers Guild Enthusiast members receive 20% off retail and enjoy happy hour pints.
>> The Arbor Brewing microbrewery, 720 Norris, Ypsilanti, is releasing a different special beer each day of ACBW. Today is FIGJAM Belgian-Style Quadrupel, an 11.5% brew featuring dark fruit flavors with hints of fresh baked bread.
>> Not to be left out of the ACBW festivities, the Jet's Pizza Sportsroom, 506 N. Main, Chelsea, is going one better and celebrating all month with the country's three largest craft brewers. Buy any draft beer brewed by New Belgium, Sierra Nevada, or Sam Adams during the month of May and receive a free raffle ticket. The raffle will be held May 31 and prizes include a New Belgium Fat Tire bike, Sierra Nevada pub mirror, and a chance to brew your own beer and have it featured at Jet's. All day today, the "big three" are pouring eight drafts apiece, with a portion of sales going to build an orphanage in Haiti. Drink beer, get a chance to win something cool, and help orphans. Beat that!
Friday, May 16
>> World of Beer, 1300 South University Ave., is celebrating ACBW all weekend with featured kegs from some of Michigan's top craft breweries, including Bell's, Dark Horse, Founders, Griffin Claw, New Holland, and Short's. Come by for a pint or two and maybe score some cool swage from the different breweries.
>> At 4 p.m., drop by the Arbor brewpub when they tap a firkin of Buzzsaw IPA, a 7.1% ABV "West Coast" style brew that won Best of Show at the World Expo of Beer in 2011.
>> Over at the Arbor microbrewery in Ypsi, look for the release of His Mighty Hammer Juniper RyePA, a 6.2% ABV American IPA inspired by the Finnish drink sahti that's pale in color, with cedar and pine aromas. Once you're properly hopped up, join brewer Chris Davies and Director of Brewery Operations Dan "Dannyboy" Peron at 3 p.m. for a demonstration that will hopefully help you better appreciate how much love and care goes into what's in your glass.
>> Dan's Downtown Tavern, 103 E. Michigan Ave., Saline, is hosting a Sam Adams tap takeover and prize raffle from 6-9 p.m. Try 11 different Sam Adams brews, including Roggen Wolf Rye IPA, Honey Queen Braggot (mead made with honey and barley malt), Third Voyage Double IPA, and Curious Traveler Shandy.
Saturday, May 17
>> Head back to Arbor Brewing in Ann Arbor for a "Meet the Brewer" tour and mini-tasting with head brewer Michael Moroney from noon to 1 p.m. What else do you need to know? Oh yeah, maybe this: RSVP by email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
>> Or maybe you'd prefer a tour of Unity Vibration Kombucha Tea, 93 Ecorse Rd., Ypsilanti. Well, if you're a Michigan Brewers Guild Enthusiast member, you can have one for free, from 12-2 p.m. See how the unique kombucha/beer hybrid is produced and ask owners Rachel and Tarek Kanaan all about their future plans. RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com.
>> While you're in Ypsi, check out the tapping at the Arbor microbrewery is Mundus Novus, a chocolate rye dubbel brewed in collaboration with the Troubadour brewers from Ghent, Belgium, and featuring Columbus and Tettnang hops, along with a respectable 8.8% ABV.
>> Then get over to the Chelsea Alehouse, 420 N. Main, Chelsea,, for a second MBG Enthusiast tour from 4-6 p.m with founder and head brewer Christopher Martinson. RSVP to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Sunday, May 18
>> It's Mug Club Appreciation Day at the Arbor brewpub – Mug Club members enjoy happy hour priced pints all day, and new members can join for $25 off.
>> Capping off ACBW is a special tapping at the Arbor microbrewery of More Fun, a 5% ABV pale ale especially brewed for Ashley's 30th anniversary made with Columbus hops and aged in sour oak for seven months.
Monday, May 19
>> New Holland is taking over the taps at Red Rock Downtown Barbecue, 207 W. Michigan Ave., Ypsilanti, beginning at 5 p.m. for Beer Enthusiast Monday. Tap list is TBD, and be on the lookout for a possible appearance from Randall the Enamel Animal, who loves to add fresh new flavors to select draft brews.
Tuesday, May 20
>> The latest Michigan Beer Happy Hour at Whole Foods Cranbrook, 990 W. Eisenhower, features the enticing stylings of Short's from 5-7 p.m. I wish I could say more about this event, but then I'd have to kill you.
Wednesday, May 21
>> Get over to Ashley's, 338 S. State, for the 31 flavors of Short's. That's right, 31 taps are being given over to various beers from everyone's favorite brewery from Bellaire, including the usual standbys like Huma Lupa Licious IPA to I-don't-even-know like Yosemite Scooter, Alien Einstein, and Juicy Tree. Short's-o-philes will not want to miss this event, which begins at 6 p.m.
Thursday, May 22
>> Just to switch things up a bit, Paesano Restaurant & Wine Bar, 3411 Washtenaw Ave., is hosting the Craft Brew Ha-Ha dinner beginning at 6:30 p.m., featuring beers from Arbor Brewing and Great Lakes Brewing matched with a locally inspired early summer menu. Tickets are $50 (plus tax and tip) and reservations are required. Call 734-971-0484.
Wednesday, May 28
>> At Carson's American Bistro, 2000 Commonwealth Blvd., Bell's is the featured brewery for a four-course dinner. Beers include: La Pianiste Biere de Garde, Oberon Ale, Amber Ale, and Java Stout. Tickets are $40 (plus tax and tip); call 734-622-0533. See the full menu here.
David Bardallis is a freelance writer and editor, blogger, bon vivant, and man about town. Visit "All the Brews Fit to Pint" at AnnArborBeer.com, follow @allthebrews on Twitter, or join the "All the Brews Fit to Pint" Facebook page. He is also the author of Ann Arbor Beer: A Hoppy History of Tree Town Brewing, available now. Email your beer-related thoughts to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Admissions representatives will be happy to direct you to the most appropriate person in the Division to answer your question.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: (802) 860-2727
Jonathan Cummings has been a Research Assistant in the Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Vermont Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources since 2009. His research is focused on developing decision support tools and conducting decision analysis for wildlife management and spatial resource allocation. Jonathan is completing his PhD dissertation working closely with the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. Jonathan recently helped design and develop Vermont's new wildlife database, used to store Vermont's wildlife data and speed data analysis and reporting. He also spent 3 years in British Columbia helping to analyze and improve the models used to determine the annual harvest in the Fraser River sockeye salmon fishery.
Jonathan has participated in many structured decision making courses at the National Conservation Training Center and he recently adapted the 5-day Introduction to Structured Decision Making course offered through the National Conservation Training Center, converting it into a semester length course that he taught at the University of Vermont. He has worked closely with managers on decision approaches to New England Cottontail management, to developing sea-level rise adaptation strategies for San Francisco Bay salt marshes, and to update the double crested cormorant management plan.
Jonathan has a B.A in Biology and Environmental Studies from Oberlin College, an M.R.M. in Natural Resource Management from Simon Fraser University, and is a Ph.D. Candidate in Natural Resources at the University of Vermont.
Favorite Tree: Quaking Aspen
Most rewarding part of teaching: The idea that with every person I teach we get closer to expanding an idea's sphere of influence, bringing it closer to the tipping point of universal use and acceptance.
Favorite part of living in Vermont: I actually live in New Hampshire at the moment, but I love the homey green feeling of New England forests and the rugged hills and mountains.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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News Roundup -- CAO returns next week
CAO returns next week
The City Council is lacing up for the last leg in its long-running effort to update the citys Critical Areas Ordinance.
Id love to see this finished this month, said Councilwoman Deborah Vann, who helped shepherd the ordinance update as former chair of the Land Use Committee. But the way this process is going, who knows?
Vann is concerned that a discussion scheduled for Mondays committee of the whole meeting could lead to significant changes, canceling public hearings set for Tuesday and Wednesday.
But City Administrator Mary Jo Briggs said the councils discussions Monday were unlikely to cancel the hearings.
The updated CAO, which regulates land use affecting wetlands, wildlife habitat and other sensitive areas, is already overdue for state consideration by nearly 10 months. The council has wrangled over the science used to justify environmental measures, among other issues.
Councilman Nezam Tooloee introduced late-hour proposals for incentives to encourage voluntary compliance with environmental protections. But members of the Association of Bainbridge Communities fear these changes could weaken environmental safeguards. Vann agrees, adding that additional changes may speed past citizen scrutiny.
Satisfied with the bulk of the update, Vann said she has only two or three changes shed like to investigate, including maintaining low-density development near wetlands.
Weve already had some 50 hours in meetings on this, she said. I think that, really, all thats left is a little word-smithing.
The workshops are slated for 7 p.m. Tuesday and 1 p.m. Wednesday in the council chambers.
Tristan Baurick
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lol if you think IP banning is fool proof as well
Type: Posts; User: nick5745
lol if you think IP banning is fool proof as well
what're you going to do about it? god forbid i get banned from a forum where i can remake a new account in seconds
i've never done ecstasy in my life, but yes posting a download link that's...
full album
this was on the last email newsletter so i guess troxler is playing the official closing party along with some others
cab to a bart station and take the bart to the airport if you're concerned with cost
Doesn't go to music festival because he can't go a few hours for 3 days without smoking
"I gotchoo"
more will be announced soon
enjoy lung cancer
except for the people who aren't dumb enough to smoke
first off with food, i'd argue that a lot of it is much better than coachella's, for about the same price
damn...if only outside lands got the cure instead of RHCP and also had QOTSA subbing
that'd be sick ^ i'd ask dusky, tale of us, mano le tough, some others
didn't you already start this thread a few months ago? just go to whichever is closest to you
For those interested in the Jak Attak party
Jak 1
don't you have some excessive complaining about an event that no one is forcing you to go to to do?
you sound like a massive cunt.
if anyone wants them side by side too
Excited for the Crosstown rebel, Enter, Carl Cox, HARD stages as well as some of the names on the trance stage: Simon Patterson, Indecent Noise, Bryan Kearney, Super8 & Tab. should be enough of those...
Gary just said HARD pool party June 23rd
Dave Clarke vs. Ben Sims is the worst conflict for me
Have to take a linear algebra exam right when the schedule is released >< can't wait to see it though
deltron 3030 at stern grove, wow
Bleep: http://glnk.it/23a
iTunes: http://glnk.it/239
Amazon: http://glnk.it/23b
not exactly from what I was told...they said I'd have to buy a VIP pass, then they could refund me for my original GA pass I guess, so a little more complicated but still doable, has to be soon...
name a few im just curious
what WOULD do it for you?
proxy, tiga, mumbai science, beetroots, booka shade, EOTS, fake blood, boys noize...going to be awesome
you making 4-5 posts about xanman's "shitty videos" derails the thread more than xanman's 1 post with a few videos that are relevant to the thread
you're an idiot
"This Wednesday is a BIG day. At 12pm EST, the following will happen:
- We will drop the FULL schedule for the festival.
- 300 VIP tickets will be made available. All you VIP veterans will be...
Oh no.. Someone who thinks Ed banger isnt garbage in retrospect to the rest of the HARD lineup...sorry I don't give a fuck what you think about my opinion
HARD summer's lineup is pretty awful this year aside from the ed banger and dirtybird stages, and those are not rare at all...honestly the HARD stage at EDC has potential to be more worth it than the...
lol $5,000...wow
Lineup out on Wednesday
My eyes...
I'm a little disappointed that Ward isn't on tour with them though...I remember hearing about some drama with him when they reunited last year but didn't really understand what it was about..oh well,...
Man I have a lot of listening to do...I used to have their discography The Black Box years ago and listened to it countless times but it's been a while. I just watched some videos from their most...
Anyone else seeing them?
Black Sabbath - 8/26 Shoreline...Been waiting years to cross them off of my list...I hope ozzy can still sing haha
last release: http://www.residentadvisor.net/event.aspx?475884
will sell out soon
you must not be paying attention to large electronic music events in the united states lately
Fake Blood + Alex Metric June 22nd Mezz
wow i can't believe you wrote on their wall...you are so obsessed!!! how dare you do this, you should be made fun of...
Add Fake Blood and possibly Alex Metric to the HARD stage..both are playing in San Francisco on June 22nd
robert plant? wtf haha


text:
As most of you know, I also have a twice weekly podcast that I partner with Phil Zuber on. From now until opening day, we're going to be joined by representative from each team for an interview about 20 to 30 minutes long. On Monday, we'll be having Jon Weisman of Dodger Thoughts and on Thursday, we'll be joined by Len Kasper, the Cubs play by play broadcaster.
We started on this past show and had Jon Wolfson from Rays of Light on the show to talk about the Devil Rays and what the season has in store for them. Jon had some great things to say, especially about why he feels the Rays can compete in the AL East, despite popular belief that says the Yankees and Red Sox will ALWAYS dominate.
If you'd like to listen to the show, our site makes it very easy. Just go to the site and click the play button. There is also options to be subscribed via E-mail and other RSS / Podcast readers.


text:
All 25 People Eminem Name Drops on "Campaign Speech" Freestyle
Azad Right - I'll Be Around
Filed Under: Music Videos, by Nathan S. on Sep 01, 2011
What's the only thing better than a stroll down Venice Beach on a sunny California day? A stroll down Venice Beach with some dope hip-hop playing. L.A. rapper Azad Right brings the best of both worlds together on the video for his single I'll Be Around, the first offering from his upcoming mixtape, The Time is Right, due out in September.View more from:
Azad Right
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Top Stories tegra 3
Aldi's $2000 Medion Gaming PC Is Actually Pretty Good Value
When you're buying your lunch today, you might want to take a moment and spend a little more.
Lunch Time Deals
When you're buying your lunch today, you might want to take a moment and spend a little more.
Lunch Time Deals
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Thinking about an upgrade? Under The Hood tells you what's new this week in PC tech.
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Tired of walking? Future Movers is our roundup of the week's biggest news in powered transport.
This week on Fitmodo, bagpipes, LSD and Apple Health.
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It's almost the weekend, and that means you should book in another Gizmodo movie night.
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Asus Transformer AiO: Giant Win 8 / Android Tablet PC Arrives In Australia
Report: Google Tablet With Android 5.0 In June?
June is shaping up as one hell of a showcase for next-gen mobile platforms. Apple will likely use WWDC to introduce iOS 6 and Microsoft is expected to demo Windows Phone 8 (Apollo) at its SF developer summit on June 20. Now it's alleged that the long-rumoured 7-inch Google Nexus tablet (probably made by Asus) will be unveiled at Google I/O on June 27. Possibly with Android 5.0 Jelly Bean.
Eyes On Fujitsu's Waterproof, Quad-Core Superphone Prototype
This Nvidia Tablet Is Why Windows 8 Will Be Awesome
The next big version of Windows got a lacklustre reception when it first landed on a tablet. It looked and worked great, yeah, but was knocked for a little clunkiness. Now, it's running on superfast phone guts — and it will be great.
7-Inch Asus Tablet Has Tegra 3 Power For US$250
There aren't a lot of secrets left about Nvidia's Tegra 3 quad-core mobile guts; after all, it's already been on shelves in the Transformer Prime for weeks. In fact, the only question left has been what other devices we'll see it in.
Asus Transformer Prime Super Tablet Hits Australia In January
Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1 is the current Android tablet wunderkind – but is it too late to the party? CES 2012 is just weeks away: expect to see a parade of shiny new Android 4.x and Windows 8 tablets, many running Nvidia's quad-core Tegra 3 processor. First to actually hit stores could well be the Eee Pad Transformer Prime – now confirmed to hit Australian stores in January, possibly with Ice Cream Sandwich pre-installed.
Rumour: Lenovo To Release Honey Badger Of Tegra 3 Tablets
Lenovo is not one to sit around and let Asus have all the super-specced tablet fun. Engadget has sniffed out a rumour that they'll be bringing their own quad-core Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) very, very soon. Monster fight!
Meet The Asus Eee Pad Transformer Prime, The World's First Supercomputer Tablet
HTC Edge May Offer Quad Core Processor
Smartphones with dual-core processors are still a bonus — but what about four of those goddamn things? The alleged Android-y HTC Edge packs that, plus a sizzling Tegra 3 package. That's one spicy processing meatball, if PocketNow is correct.
The Tegra 3 Is Naked
While we're all waiting to play with tablets running on NVIDIA's smokey quad-core (plus one) wonder, Wireless Goodness got its mitts on photos of the chip in the flesh.


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Malcolm Brown, rated by Rivals.com as the nation's top running back, did the expected Wednesday and decided to stay in-state and commit to Texas, choosing the Longhorns over Alabama.
The 6-0, 220-pounder from Cibolo (Texas) Steele, who ran for 2,170 yards and 33 TDs in 2009, had been considered a Texas lean all along but had recently narrowed his choices to the Longhorns and Alabama.
"I think proximity played a big part," Brown's high school coach, Mike Jinks, told Rivals.com. "That and Texas' commitment to establishing a downhill running game played a huge part."
Texas coach Mack Brown is shifting his offense away from the spread toward a more traditional pro-style set in order to rejuvenate the Longhorns' running game.
In other recruiting news this week, the best player in the state of Florida chose Florida State over Florida and Georgia, as running back/linebacker James Wilder Jr. of Plant High in Tampa committed to the Seminoles on Wednesday.
Florida had tried to sell Wilder on the idea that he would, in a sense, fill Tim Tebow's shoes in being the Gators' between-the-tackles and short-yardage rusher. Georgia pointed to its long tradition of strong running backs. But Wilder, No. 2 on the Press-Reigster's Super Southeast 120, said he felt at home in Tallahassee.
Not all the news was bad for the Gators this week, however, as they got a coveted commitment from one of the top cornerbacks in the country, Nick Waisome of Groveland (Fla.) South Lake. The 5-10, 175-pounder is the No. 49 overall prospect and the No. 2 cornerback on the Super Southeast 120.
Elsewhere around the SEC, Tennessee got a commitment from a four-star defensive back last weekend in Pat Martin of Greenville (S.C.) J.L. Mann; South Carolina added a pair of three-star prospects in running back Brandon Wilds of Blythewood (S.C.) and linebacker Jordan Montgomery of Groveland (Fla.) South Lake; and Arkansas landed a pair of three-star commitments in Monroe (La.) Neville defensive tackle Demarcus Hodge and Jefferson City (Mo.) running back Kody Walker.
And in an odd story out of North Carolina, Georgia quarterback commitment Christian LeMay will reportedly sit out his senior year of high school football at Matthews (N.C.) Butler after being assigned to a 40-day stint at an alternate school.
No word on his offense, but the assignment -- which is essentially a suspension -- would have kept him out of football until November. LeMay, who threw for 3,296 yards and 44 TDs as a junior, could have transferred to another school, but instead plans to stay put, skip the season and then enroll at Georgia in January.
The 6-2, 200-pounder is rated as the No. 3 pro-style quarterback in the nation by Rivals.


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By DCS RAJU & A.L
We have adopted the title Flora Andhrika (Andhram is the mother tongue of Andhra Pradesh); the name of the book of the first floristic publication of Telugu speaking areas.This is the region where Binomial nomenclature was adopted by JG Koenig(1782) and W. Roxburgh(1795). W.Roxburgh is considered as the father of Indian Taxonomy, began his work in A.P only.
a great Orientalist inspired by his fluency in seven Dravidian languages and stationed at
The flowers of all the species are used for worship in temples. The tubers are used in the treatment of skin diseases and hair problems.
|Nymphaea rubra ఎర్రకలువ
All the NYMPHAEA species are photographed around Nellore town, in ditches.
|N.caerulea నల్లకలువ
Large aquatic, rhizomatous herbs; leaves in groups of three along the stem; leaves peltate, rotund, venation actinodromous;flowers axillary, large, 10-15 across, rose-red in color;A many, from a ring meristem, G( ∞), carpels ascidiate, immersed in receptacle, stylulus 0, stigma expanded.
2.MAGNOLIALES Bromhead
Photographed at Nellore.
|Magnolia champaca సంపెంగ
3. Carpels 4 to 6, seeds 2 or more per carpel, monocarps tubercled: ALPHONSEA
Alphonsea sclerocarpa Thw
Medium sized tree, with tomentose branchlets, coriaceous leaves; flowers yellow on old wood. Fruits warty, 3-5 in clusters, seeds 6 in each globose, monocarps.
Rare in high altitudes on E.Ghats.
Common name: పులుసుమామిడి
Perianth 3+3, fleshy, greenih yellow, Sex organs are short, and compactly arranged on the convex thalamus and included in the concave part of the petals. Stamens numerous, connectives broad and concealed the narrow anther lobes. Carpels numerous;fruit a syncarp.
1. Annona muricata L.
flower 2-3cm, K and C not overlapping, thick; fruit softly spinous.
Photographed at NarasimhaKonda asramam
Photographed at Butchi
ARTABOTRYS R.Br.
Trees or shrubs. Pedicel slender, usually elongate. Torus elevated, usually long pubescent.Stamens many; connectives narrow and not concealing anther locules, apex subapiculate. Carpels many, oblong;monocarps many, subsessile to long stipitate, globose to ovoid. Seeds 1 to several per monocarp.
Common names not known.
1.Polyalthia cerasoides(Roxb.)
|Polyalthia longifolia flowers
Small trees, leaf margin entire; flowers solitary, extra axillary;berries purple, globose.
Found in the dry forests of E.ghats.
Common name: Budda dudugaబుడ్డ దుద్దుగ, చిలక దుద్దు
|Gyrocarpus americanus
ACTINODAPHNE Nees.
Actinodaphne madraspatana Bedd.ex Hook.f
Evergreen pubescent trees, dioecious; leaves nearly verticillate;flowers creamy on naked branches; perianth tube short; fertile stamens 9 in 3 whorls; fruit seated in shallow cup shaped perianth tube.Found in Nallamala and Seshachalam hils, and Vishaka, Srikakulam districts.
common name not known.
BEILSCHMIEDIA Nees
Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees
Beilschmiedia sikkimensis King ex Hook.f.
|Cassytha filiformis
Cinnamomum caudatum Nees.
Rare in Vishakapatnam hills.
common name not known.
Moderate sized trees; leaves alternate; flowers in umbels or umbellate cymes in leaf axils; flowers unisexual; perianth 3+3;anthers 4-celled; fruit seated on enlarged perianth tube.
Litsea albicans(Kurz.)Hook.f.
A glabrous moderate sized tree; leaves sub coriaceous, glaucous beneath; flowers in sessile-subsessile pedunculate umbels; fruit a berry, seated on the perianth tube.
Rare along the ghats of Rampa hills.
Litsea deccanensis Gamble
It is found in E.ghats at high altitudes.
Litsea monopetala Pers.
Moderate sized ever green tree; bark dark gray, smooth; branchlets pubescent; leaves chartaceous, fulvous, pubescent below;flowers in sessile clusters in umbellate heads; perianth saucer shaped in fruit.
Frequent in shady moist places along hill slopes in Godavari and Vishakapatnam districts.
Common name: చిరుమామిడి ;
Peperomia portulacoides (Lam.) A.Dietr.
Erect succulent herb; leaves opposite, membranous;hairy, flowers green, in long slender spikes, in terminal panicles.
Peperomia tetraphylla (G. Forster) Hooker & Arnott,
cultivated throughout the state.
The leaf is used as medicine in Ayurveda to improve apatite, and stop bad breath. Several terpenoids are present in the leaf. The leaf is an inseparable part in all the auspicious and happy occasions of Hindus.
|Piper beetle
A slender aromatic vine from a woody root stock. Leaves thick; spike 3-4 cm long the spikes on maturity turn orange red ,when dried turn black; flowers monoecious.
|Piper longum
Stout glabrous climber, leaves coriaceous, flowers in glabrous spikes; fruits red when ripe.
It is often cultivated in coffee plantations.
Common name: నల్లమిరియాలు, మిరియాలు(Tel.); Black pepper
Dried fruits are used as spice and also used for the treatment of cough and digestive problems.
|Piper nigrum
Acorus calamusL.
Rhizomatous creeping, aromatic, semi aquatic herb. Leaves distichous, Inflorescence on a leaf like peduncle, spathe leaf like, 30-40 cm long, spadix 5-6 cm long. Flowers densly arranged, bisexual.
Very rare in wild. Only a few plants are spotted in Kollithota village near Venkatagiri.
|Acorus calamus
Pollination is by flies and beetles. Simplest stemless, floating aquatic weeds.Roots±0, collenchyma and bundle fibres 0; vessels 0; spathe± 0, spadix not discernible.are placed in the subfamily Lemnoideae Engler
Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.Syn. Lemna paucicostata Hegelm.
SPIRODELA Schleiden
|Lemna and Wolfia (2 leaved lant)
ALOCASIA Neck.
Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don Syn.Alocasia indica (Lour.) Spach
Rare in coastal districts.
AMARPHOPHALLUS Bl.
Amarphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.)Nicolson.
Corms depresed globose, about 30 cm across;leaves large bipinnatisect, segments obliquely oblong; spathe broadly companulate, margin undulate, revolute; spadix globose; flowers monoecious.
It is widely cultivated for the tubers; which are used for therapeutic purposes in various medical systems.
Ver. name: Elephant foot yam or Whitespot giant arum or Stink lily(Eng.); కందగడ్డ
Amarphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb.)Kunth.
tuberous geophytes; corms 5x3 cm; petioles purplish with grrenish-black spots; ♂ and♀ seperated by a row of neuters.
Rare in Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar and VJN districts. It is used for snake bite; tuber is poisonous.
Ver.name: Vana kanda వనకంద(Tel.)Vajrakanta (San.)Wild yam(Eng.) For images
Tuberous geophytes;tuber renewed seasonally, tubers ovoid; Spathe deciduous, tubular, widely spreading outward,spathe limb occasionally with a long tail at apex. Spadix sessile,neuters at the apendix; flowers filiform, subulate. Infructescence upright or nodding. Berries reddish, several seeded.
Arisaema leschenaultii Bl.
Leaf solitary, radiatisect; leaflets 5-13;spathe 15 cm, with longitudinally white stripes; berries 1-few.
Rare in Nellore district.
Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.)Schott&Endl. Leaves 2; sortly pediatisect, sheaths mottled with purple;spathe green, apex gradually dilated into acuminate incurved limb;berries orrange red.
Occassional in mooist forests of North circars.
Ver.name: Whipcord cobra lilly(Eng.) For images
COLOCASIA Schott.
Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott
Leaves peltate,basal sinus triangular, margin undulate,ovate to suborbicular, cordate glaucous green leaves > 20cm, spathe yellow, free.
All parts of the plant are eaten as vegetable.
Ver.name: Chaema dumpa చేమ (Tel.).Arum(
Cultivated for the corms, and also found in wild along the canals.
Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook.f.,
Ver.name: Adavi chema(Tel.) Gaint Elephant Taro(Eng.)
|Wild Colacasia
Caladium bicolor (Aiton)Vent.
Plants < 1m, leaves peltate, mottled with colors, spadix length= leaf length.
Widely cultivated for its colorful foliage.
Cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex Andre) G.S.Bunting.
Pistia stratiotes L.
PLESMONIUM Schott
Plesmonium margaritiferum(Roxb.)Schott.Syn. Arum margaritiferum Roxb.
Tuberous geophyte;leaf solitary;panicle as long as petiole;spathe leathery, green, deep purple at base within; spadix very stout,neuters large; berries ovoid 2-3 celled.
Rare in Nalla malai and E.Godavari, VSKP districts. for images
RAPHIDOPHORA Hasskarl.
Raphidophora decursiva (Roxb.)Schott.
A lofty climber; leaf large,pinnately divided to midrib;peduncle up to 20cm long,; spathe yellow, berry pulp orange, fragrant.
Rare in north circars
Plants < 50 cm, leaves sagittate, spadix exerted from spathe.
Typhonium flagelliforme Blume
Tuberous herbs. Spathe 10- 20cm long, white, with a short persistant tube below, limb narrow, deciduous.Peduncles and flowers red.
Rare in Pulicat lake area of Nellore district.
Typhonium trilobatum(L.) Schott
Rare in nellore and Vijayanagaram districts.
|Typhonium trilobatum
LIMNOPHYTON Miq.
|Halophila ovalis
HYDRILLA Rich.
Hydrilla verticillata ( L.f. ) Royle
Fresh water submerged herbs; leaves cauline, whorled 4-6 at each node; Flowers unisexual, minute subsessile/ female sessile, spathe muricate. Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common.
Common in ditches and ponds. It is also grown as aquarium plant.
Ver.name: Hydrilla, Water thyme (
Naachu mokka నాచుమొక్క (Tel.)
|Hydrilla and Ottelia in vegetative state.
Ver.name: Brittle Naiad, Brittle water nymph (Eng.).
|Najas minor
Nechamandra alternifolia Thw.
|Ottelia flower
Submerged stoloniferous, stem less, fresh water herbs. Leaves linear, up to 50cm long. Flowers unisexual, male minute many clustered on a short ovoid spathe. Female solitary, on a very long filiform spirally coiled scape.
|Aponogeton inlorescence
|Potamogeton nodosus
Ver.name:Aerial yam, Air potato, Air yam, Bitter yam, Cheeky yam, Potato yam, Wild yam(Eng.) పెండలం (Tel.)
Common through out the state.
|Dioscorea pentaphylla
Leaves simple, opposite, coriaceous, stems twining to right, male spikes clustered 10-30cm, female spike 6-10 cm, solitary/paired, stamens 6, fruit 3-winged.
Common through out the state.
|Dioscorea oppositifolia
Leaves compound, 5 foliate, pubescent below, stem twining to left, prickled, male racemes solitary, axillary, <15cm, Stamens 3+staminodes 3, female spikes 5-15cm, flowers distant, fruit oblong, glabrous, angled.
|Dioscorea pentaphylla male plant
PANDANACEAE R. Brown, nom. cons.
PANDANUS L.f.
|Pandanus male flower
STEMONA Lour.
|Smilax in vegetative state
Aerides multiflora Roxb. Leaves crowded, obtuse, deeply channeled and keeled; flowers rose-purple; or spotted; lip3-lobed, violet-red; spur upcrved;capsule sub clavate.
In hill forests of E.Godavari.
|Aerides multiflora courtesy image by Bimal Sarkar
Aerides odorata Lour.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate; flowers purple-white;petals obovate, lip white, violet blotched; spur uncinately incurved, capsule oblong- clavate.
In moist deciduous forests of North Circars.
|Aerides odorata; courtesy, photo by Bimal sarkar's symbiosis collection
Leaves thick loriform; flowers whitish pale pink, lip as long as sepals; spur subclavate, mid lobe rounded; capsule fusiform.
Rare in cool moist forests of W.Godavari
APHYLLORCHIS Blume
Terrestrial leafless saprophyte; stem sheathed and tubular; raceme up to 10-20cm, flowers sraw colored with purple strips; lip broader than sepals; column very slender.
Rare in undisturbed hills of Chittoor district.
BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars nom.cons
Epiphytes; Column prolonged into a foot, lip erect, articulate on foot;.
Bulbophyllum cariniflorum Rchb.f.
Rhizome creeping, plant caespitose; slender pseudobulbs aggregating; leaves 2 subsessile; flowers yellowish green, lip toungue shaped.
In shady semi evergreen forests of Vishakha patnam.
Bulbophyllum kaitense Rchb.f. syn. Cirrhopetalum neilgherrensese Wight.
1-leaved psuedobulb;leaves linear oblong, scape slender; umbels many flowered; column very short.
In semi evergreen forests of Tirumala .
Cleisostoma tenuifolium(L.)Garay.
CORYMBORKIS Thouars
Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.)Blume
Rare in moist forests of Kadapa district.
CYMBIDIUM O.Swartz
Tufted epiphyte; stem fleshy, clothed in membranous sheaths; leaves linear, lorate; racemes pendulous; flowers creamy stained reddish purple down middle of the sepals,lip sessile purple blotched; midlobe hairy, column incurved; polinia 2 ovoid.
|Cymbidium intermedium courtesy image by Bimal Sarkar
DENDROBIUM O.Swartz.
Epiphytes; lip not articulated, pubescent, erect from the base; column prolonged into foot;
Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.)Fischr
Stem slender, pendulous; flowers pale rose; 2-3 on short peduncles; spur conical,lip broadely deltoid, yellow streaked with purple at the base,cuculate pubescent.
Dendrobium aquem Lindl
Stem stout thick, flowers 2-3 from axils; creamy white, lip with yellowish disc; spur short;midlobe of lip triangular.
Rare in moist hill forests of E.Godavari
Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl
Pendulous with much branched stem; racemes terminal; flowers yellow, pedicels filiform; spur minute, lip oblong; fruit ellipsoid.
Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl
Stem slender, pendulous; flowes pale green tinged with pink, in short lateral racemes;lip longer ovate-oblong, long clawed, finely pubescent.
Dendrobium ovatum(Willd.)Kranz
DIDYMOPLEXIS Griff.
DIPLOCENTRUM Lindley
Diplocentrum recurvum Lindl.
ERIA Lindley
Pseudobulb geophyte; leaves appearing or after anthesis; flowers <2cm, many on lateral scape; resupinate; lip 3 lobed; spurred;anther incompletely 2 locular, pollinia 2.
Flowers ash-green with membranous sterile bracts. Petals lanceolate; lip small, mid lobe recurved; spurs purple dotted,parallel to ovary.
Pseudobulbs conical; flowers greenih, with white lip on panicles; petals elliptic-lanceolate, tasellate,lip obovate, erect,lateral lobes embracing the column, mid lobe obovate; discwith ridges and hooked processes; spur short, incurved, column short.
Roots tuberous, fleshy;flowers membranous, greenish, in densely flowered racemes with ochreate sheaths below; lip ovate,side lobes0; spur saccate; nerves all fringed.
GASTROCHILUS D.Don.
Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr
Rhizomatic geophyte; flowers greenish white, slightly fragrant on terminal spikes; floral bracts irregularly serrate,glandular pilose;lip brownish-white,when spread out cymbiform with infolded margins;rostellum bifid.
HEBENARIA Willd.
Habenaria barbata Wight ex Hook.f.,
Terrestrial geophyte. Flowers white on about 10 cm racemes; sepals greenish white, with 3 nerves,petals 2 partite, upper segment sub falcate,3-nerved, lowershorter; lip 3 lobed;spur elongate, sub clavate,with an erect ligule at the mouth.
Terrestrial geophyte; stem slender; leaves appressed to the ground, orbicular; flowers greenish white on spikes;petals linear subfalcate;lip longer than sepals,lobes filiform,laterals spreading; spur as long as ovary, inflated.
Terrestrial geophyte; stem leafy near the base; flowers white, jasmine scented, few on short lax racemes; petals subfalcate,lip3lobed, clawed, oblong, spur very long,thickned from below, anther tubes long slender, pollinia narrowly pyriform; stigmatic processes thick.
Rare in
|Habenaria plantagenea
Terrestrial geophyte; leaves narrowly elliptic, margin pilose;flowers purplish-white on terminal rcemes;petals bipartite, lip 3 lobed, laterals filiform, mid lobe deflexed; spur narrowly cyllindical, column short.
Terrestrial geophyte;leaves usu.3;flowers white, 1-3 in short racemes; lateral sepals subfalcate; petals 2 partite,lip 3 lobed,laterals filiform;spur longer than the ovary,upcurved; anther large,theca parallel, upcurved; rostellum erect slender, stigmatic processes clavate.
Tuberous geophyte; leaves 2-3 in a rosette, orbicular, flat appressed on the ground, fleshy, waxy, glaucous.Flowers white on a simple spike;petals linear, lip 3 lobed, mid lobe narrower; spur slender and linger,clavate at tip; anther cells divergent; stigmatic processes subglobose; rostellum short, triangular.
|Habenaria roxburghii
Kingidium deliciosum (Reichb. F.)Sweet
In semi evergreen forests of coastal districts.
Rare on moist forest floor of SriSailam.
Pseudobulb epiphyte; pseudobulbs close together in a cyllindric; leaves2; elliptic lanceolate; flowers pale yellowish green, on racemes; sepals linear-oblong, subacute, petals linear, reflexed, lip as long as sepals, recurved, column short incurved.
LUISIA Gaudich.
Luisia zeylanica Lindl.
Leaf broadly cordate, margin undulate; peduncle green or purple, with 3-5 tubular sheaths; floral bracts reflexed; raceme 4-15-flowered; flowers yellowish green; resupinate, usually opening widely, emitting an unpleasant odor; lip villous on purplish veins; column white, apex dilated; stigma suborbicular.
Nervilia crociformis (Zollinger & Moritzi) Seidenfaden
Leaf cordate, with 7 main veins, with fine white reticulate venation, inflorescence 1-flowered; flower not resupinate; lip with a yellowish patch at the centre, apical margin irregularly lacerate.
In hills of E.Godavari and Visakhapatnam.
OBERRONIA Lindley
Epiphytic herbs. Stems clustered, enclosed in leaf bases; . Leaves iridiform and unifacial, rarely terete, often fleshy, distichous, usually equitant,; Flowers on unbranched racemes; often in whorls on peduncle; not resupinate, flat, very small, usually only 1-2 mm in diam.; ovary glabrous or papillate; lip usually spreading, sessile, entire or lobed, margin sometimes erose or fimbriate, occasionally concave at base, with or without calli, spur absent; lateral lobes often embracing column. Column erect, short, lacking a foot, wings usually absent; anther cap terminal, firmly attached to column apex, 2-locular; pollinia 4, cohering in 2 unequally sized pairs, waxy; viscidium absent or abbreviated; stigma transversely reniform to ovate; rostellum protruding.
Oberonia arnottiana Wight
Leaves linear, ensiform; scape terete, raceme slender;flowers pale yellowish green, short pedicelled;lateral lobes of lip large, midlobe narrow with diverging lobes;
Rare, in moist hills of E.Godavari, and VSKP
Oberonia brunoniana Wight.
Leaves linear, oblong; scape adnate to the upper leaf, 2 edged;flowers pale yellow in dense stiff spikes; Lip brown, cordate at base,apex 2 lobed; not toothed.
Rare in semi-evergreen forests of E.Godavari.
Oberonia ensiformis (Smith) Lindley,
Tufted, pendulous; leaves coriaceous, acuminate; flowers yellow, minute, in dense interrupted spikes; petals reflexed, gland dotted; pubescent with blackish stiff bristles; lip with a callus at either side of sinus
Raceme densely flowered, flowers reddish brown, with several hundred flowers borne less than 1 mm apart from each other; lip broadly ovate or suborbicular base decurrent backward, inconspicuously 3-lobed, margin irregularly incised or fimbriate.
In moist hill slopes of
PERISTYLUS Blume nom cons
Tuberous geophyte; Leaves basal, clustered midway along stem or widely spaced; Flowers spirally arranged, resupinate, small; ovary and pedicel usually erect and held close to rachis, twisted,; Sepals free; mid one erect, lateral spreading; petals white, slightly fleshy; lip 3 lobed, connate with column at base; column very stout, erect; anther with 2 parallel or slightly divergent locules; pollinia 2; stigmatic lobes 2, adnate to the base of lip.
Peristylus goodyeroides (D.Don)Lindley
Geophyte; stem stout, covered with sheaths below; leaves elliptic-oblong, flowers yellowish green in dense spikes;sepals unequal; petals obovate rounded; strongly nervedlip without a claw, 3 fid; pollinia clavate, rostellum erect toothed.
In moist deciduous forests of Nallamali hills.
Peristylus plantagineus (Lindley) Lindley
Tubers cylindric oblong; roots fleshy;stem covered by loosesheaths; leaves oblong-lanceolate;flowers greenish white, in racemes; petals and lip white; petals broad,obliquely orbicular; nerves branched;tips recurved;lip 3 lobed;rostellum short, stout.
In moist hill forests of E.Godavari.
PHOLIDOTA Lindley ex Hooker.
Pholidota pallida Lindley.
Pendulous epiphytic herb; pseudobulb aggragated; leaf solitaryelliptic-lanceolate;flowers small pinkish in terminal drooping racemes; floral bracts pale brown; sepals and petals free; lip entire with ornamental callus; column winged, stigmatic lobes 3, surface funnel shaped.
Rare in hilly tracts of
POLYSTACHYA Hooker
Polystachya concreta(Jacq.)Garay &Sweet
Epiphyte;leaves narrowly oblong; scape compressed, rachis angular; Flowers small, purple on racemes;petals much smaller, very narrow, lip broadly oblong,3 lobed, mid lobe tongue shaped;column short.
Rare in moist deciduous hillforests of VSKP.
POMATOCALPA Breda, Kuhl&V.Hasselt.
Small epiphytes; leaves many distichous, narrow, leathery; flowers small, ±resupinate; Lip firmly attached to column, immovable, fleshy, shortly spurred or saccate, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, deltoid, small; mid-lobe often recurved; Column short, stout, foot absent; rostellum large, hamulate, ± bifid; pollinia 4.
Pomatocalpa mannii(Rchb.f.)J.J.Smith.
Flowers yellow, flushed with red;bracts minute; side lobes of lip indistinct; spur saccate;slightly inflated at apex;
Rare in semi evergreen shaded hilly forests of VSKP
Pomatocalpa spicata Breda Gen.
Floral bracts acuminate; flowers yellow, paillose;lip mid-lobe narrower than spur; rostellum beaked.
RHYNCHOSTYLIS Blume
Rhyncostylis retusa(L.)Blume,
Small epiphyte; lower parts leafless; leaves strap shaped; recurved; flowers white tinged with violet pink; on drooping racemes; bracts cordate; lip 3 lobed, clawed,middle lobe elongated; cuneiform;spur saccate;rostellum shortly beaked.
Rare in E.Godavari and VSKP
SATYRIUM Swartz.
Satyrium nepalense D.Don.
Tuberous, unbranched geophyte; leaves few, very variable; flowers pink and fragrant on many flowered dense spikes; bracts much larger than the flowers; lip broadly oblong, keeled, variable; spur is also variable; column erect, terete.
Rare in the hills of E.Godavari
TROPIDIA J.Lindley
Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume
Geophyte; leaves elliptic ovate; flowers small, white on peduncled spikes; bracts linear spreading;sepals enclosing the spur and lip; lip oblong, spur cylindric, column short.
I thank Bimal Sar kar for providing excellent images of Orchids for the blog
|Vanda tasellata
Bulbous geophyte; tuber loose bulb; flowers pinkish white.
Widely cultivated for bulbs throughout the state.
Bulbs are used as spice and for medicinal applications.
Ver.name: vellulli వెల్లుల్లి , తెల్లబాయలు/ తెల్లగడ్డలు (Tel.); Garlic (Eng.)
|Allium sativum bulbs
Geophytes; leaves (spiral), flat or revolute to involute, vascular bundles inverted; base sheathing; flowers large, monosymmetric, with median member of outer tepalline whorl adaxial; T ± free, ovary inferior, stigma capitate to deeply trifid
Crinum viviparum
Bulb ovoid;leaves coriaceous, canaliculate, apex gradually tapering;flowers white, fragrant, in 10-20 cm long umbels; stamens 6 red.
Crinum latifolium L.,
Perenial bulbous geophyte. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers solitary on a solid scape, scape shorter than leaves. Flower white, 8-10 cm aross; P -6, connate, linear. Stamens 6 on the throat of the P, filaments fiiform, united by a membranous corona, 2 toothed between filaments, anthers versatile. Ovary 3 celled,ovules many, 2 seriate.
|Zephyranthes rosea
Syn. Scilla hyacinthina (Roth) J.F.Macbr.,5-10 cm long bulbous herb, bulb 2.5-5x 2-3 cm ovoid, tunicated. Leaves 3-5 radical, thick , with purple blotches, with an apical adventitious reproductive bud, Scape 1-3, 5-10cm. Flowers greenish purple, 20-30 flowers on a raceme, Br scarious, Brl, 2, P -6, reflexed. Stamens -6, subequal, adnate to the P at the base,G-3, 2 ovules per cell. Capsule globose, loculicidal, thin walled. Common in dry areas.
DRIMIA Willd.
Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop,
Syn.Urginea indica (Roxb.)Kunth.
Bulbous perennial herb, tunicated bulb white, size of an apple. Leaves 10-15 cm thick, sub bifarious, acute, appears after the flowers. Scape 30-40 cm long, brittle, slender lax raceme. Flowers brown, companulate.
Rarely found in the shady areas in hillside forests.
The bulbs are used as a medicine in Ayurveda and Unani.
Ver.name: Adavivulliఅడవిఉల్లి (Tel.) Wild Onion (
|Drimia indica tuber with inflorescence
|Aloe vera in wild
Evergreen perennial shrub. Leaves upto 1-1.5m x10-15cm, with spiny margin, thick.Flowers on 5-7m long panicles, 4cm long, green to creamy. capsule globose.
Common on way sides in dry trcts of Chittor and Nellore districts.
|Furcraea foetida
Polianthes tuberosa L.,
Cultivated for fragrant night blooming flowers; flowers are used for decorations and manufacture of perfumes..
|Polyanthes tuberosa
1. Roots tuberous, stem photosynthetic, flowers cauline, small: ASPARAGUS
2.Rhizome creeping, leaves fleshy, flowers on a scape: SANSVERIA
Scandent or erect shrubs, root stock tuberous, fusiform. Stems photosynthetic. Leaves reduced to spines or scales. Tufts of leaf like acicular , triquertous or flat phylloclades arise from the axils of scale leaves.Flowers small, bisexual, reguar on racemose or umbellate inflorescence. P -6 petaloid shortly connate, A-6, adnate at the base of P, G-3, 2 ovules per cell. Fruit globose berry.
Ver.name: Pilli teegalu/Pilli gaddalu,పిల్లితీగలు Sathaavari శతావరి(Tel.) Wild asparagus(
SANSVERIA Thunb
Stout fleshy herbs; rhizome creeping or stoloniferous. Leaves fleshy, flat or terete, nerves immersed.Flowers on a scape. P-6, slender, narrow;A-6 filaments filiform, G-3, style filiform. Fruit fleshy, globose.
|Sansveria cyllindrica
|Sansveria in wild
Sub family: Calamoideae Beilschmied
Plant spiny; flowers in dyads;pollen equatorially disulcate - Calameaestyle branched; fruit covered by reflexed scales, seeds 1-3.
Calamus rotang L.,
Armed scandant shrub in marshy areas, stem ringed at nodes; Spadix axillary, elongate up to 1m, branched, polygamodioecious flowers.
As large mats in drier coastal areas.It is used to make cane furniture and leaflets for making mats. Fruit pulp is edible.
Ver.name: Pemu పేము (Tel.) Rattan's palm(
|Calamus thickets
Ver.name: Solitary fishtail palm, toddy palm, wine palm, jaggery palm(
|Caryota urens
|Phoenix loureiroi
Phoenix robusta (Becc.)Becc &Hook.f
Stem <10m; stout, about 40 cm in dia., leaves 1-2m long,thinner and smoother than P.sylvestris. Common through out the state.
Ver.name: Pedda eethaపెద్దఈత (Tel.)
All parts of the plant are useful. Kernal is edible, oil is obtained from dried kernel which is used as hair oil, cooking oil and for manufacture of various cosmetics. The fibrous mesocarp is used to make carpets and ropes.
Ver.nme: Coconut palm(
|Cocos nucifera
Through out the state in marshes. The leaves are used for thatching in villages.
Common in marshy areas of coastal districts.
Ver.name: Soft rush, Branched rush(Tel.)
|Juncus prismatocarpa
Herbs with solid, sharply three-angled stems and leaves with closed sheaths. The flowersare very reduced and often aggregated into spikes or heads, the perianth, when recognisable, is scarious, (G [2]), (gynophore +); ovule single, and the fruit is an achene.
Culms tufted, very slender. Leaf sheath with long silky hairs at apex; Spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid, many flowered. Glumes spirally arranged or rarely distichous, herbaceous or membranous, deciduous, subtending a flower but basal 1 or 2 empty. Flowers bisexual. Perianth bristles absent. Stamens (1 or)2(or 3). Style filiform, base thickened, bulbous, and persistent in fruit; stigmas 3. Nutlet obovoid to obpyriform, 3-sided with persistent style base.
Stems slender,striate up to30cm long.Inflorescence capitate, brown, achenes smooth.
A very common species through out the state.
|Bulbostylis barbata
Slender herbs, leafblades filiform, Inflorescence loose, achenes transversely wrinkled.
Common in open wet grassy places.
3. Bulbostylis thouarsii (Roem. & Schult.) ined.Syn.Bulbostylis puberula (Kunth) C.B.Clarke
|Carex hebecarpa
|Carex speciosa
Cyperus alternifolius is grown as ornamental plant
Ver.name: Umbrella palm; umbrella sedge(Eng.)
|Cyperus amabilis
|Cyperus arenarius
Cyperus articulatus L.
Perennial, erect stout herb;culms terete, transversly septate;compound umbel, involucral bracts 5, much shorter than the corymb;primary rays 5-9, spikes racemose;spikelets oblong, narrow,compressed,35-40 flowered.
Usually found in standing waters,in ponds, canals, sea coast in large colonies.
|Cyperus articulatus
Cyperus compressus L.,
Annual, culms patent; leaves 4 to a culm;Anthela up to 10 cm, with 7 foliaceous unequal bracts; spikelets 10 on abbreviated axis per spike; compressed; rachilla flexuose;achenes broadly obovate; dark brown, shiny.
Common in grass lands as weed in cultivated fields.
Ver.name: Annual sedge, hedgehog sedge(Eng.).
|Cyperus compressus
|Cyperus cuspidatus
Annual, roots reddish; culms triquertous; leaves few shorter than stem; spikes contracted into a head; involucral bracts foliaceous; spikelets many in dense heads;dusty brown, compressed;achenes ellipsoid, trigonous.
Very common in rice fields.
|Cyperus difformis
|Cyperus diffusus
|Cyperus digitatus
|Cyperus distans
|Cyperus elatus
Perennial, tuberous hemicryptophyte; stolons slender; leaf blades flat, flaccid, shorter
than culms;spikes peduncled and arranged in umbellate form; spikelets linear; achenes ellipsoid with 3 sharp angles.
Rare in marshy areas in coastal areas. tubers are medicinal and used in cosmetic industry.
Ver.name: Yellow nutsedge, nut grass, tigernut sedge(Eng.)
|cyperus esculentus.
|Cyperus haspan
Cyperus javanicus Houtt
Rhizomatous coarse geophyte, 1-2m long. Leaves longer than culms; coarse, margins scabrous; nodes purplish; inflorescence umbelliform, spikes cyllindrical, spikelets many; rachilla winged, glumes reddish brown; achenes ellipsoid blackish brown.
Common in coastal marshy areas.
Ver.name: Marsh cyperus; java flat sedge, java cyperus(Eng.)
|Cyperus javanicus
Tufted annual therophyte; roots yellowish red; culms 3-angled; up to 1m tall; leaf sheath reddish or purplish brown, enveloping the stem at base.compound umbel composed of numerous erect flattened spikelets; achene with slightly concave sides, and shiny dark brown to black.
Common weed in wet and flooded rice fields.
|Cyperus platyphyllus
Perennial, erect tufted herb; leaves shorter than culms;sheaths purple brown; inflorescence simple, reduced to a single head; involucral bracts 8;spikelets compressde;straw colored.
Occasional in marshy areas, rice fields and along water streams.
|Cyperus polystachyos
|Cyperus rotundus
|Cyperus squarrosus
Fimbristylis bis-umbellata (Forssk.)Bubani,
Annual, culms upto 30cm; leaves pubescent; umbels compound,primary rays 3-5, secondary rays 3-5,spikelets solitary, 7-12 mm many flowered.
Common in rice fields and wet marshy areas.
|Fimbristylis bis-umbellata
|Fimbristylis dichotoma
|Fimbristylis ferruginea
|Fimbristylis miliacea
Ver.name: Grasslike fimbristylis, and hoorahgrass(Eng.)
Fimbristylis ovata(Burm.f.) J.Kern
Perennial caespitose herb; culms filiform, leaves crowded at base;scabrid;spikelets solitary on the stem;compressed, ovate;achenes obovoid, trigonous, stipate.
On wet grass lands, stream banks and on rice fields.
Ver.name: Ibha muluka(San.)It is used against adenitis, scrofula, syphilis; also in
Ver.name: Five angle fimbry(Eng.)
FUIRENA Rottb.(Umbrella grass)
Caespitose marshy land herbs of tropics; leaves hairy;spikelets sessile in clusters of 2–5; flower bisexual; perianth in sets of 3; outer with short bristles; stamens exerted; style hispidous. Achenes are usually prominently stipitate; apex stiff, hispidulous, beak+.
Ver.name: Umbrella sedge(Eng.)
|Fuirena uncinata
Ver.name: shortleaf spikesedge, green kyllinga, and perennial greenhead sedge.(Eng.)
|Kyllinga brevifolia
|Kylinga nemoralis
Ver.name: Fragrant spike sedge(Eng.)
|Kyllinga odorata
Lipocarpha chinensis (Osb.)Kern.
Annual, caespitose; leaves 4 to a culm; inflorescence a head with 7 spikes, spikes oblong ellipsoidal; glumes white; achenes trigonous weakly curved, straw colored
Common in marshy areas and rice fields.
Ver.name: Goosetongue sedge(Eng.)
Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl.) G.Tucker
stems round, leaf blades flat, inflorescence appears to come from side of the stem as the bract looks like an extension of the stem.stems unbranched; nuts brown, covered with scales.
Found in Vedurupattu of A.P
Ver.name: smallflower halfchaff sedge, small flowered dwarf bulrush(Eng.)
|Lipocarpha micrantha
Annual densely tufted therophtye;leaves few setaceous;blades plicate,Anthela congested in a head like cluster of spikelets; spikelets spreading,flattened densely flowered, reddish brown;achenes narrowly obovate.
Near water falls in marshy localities of forests.
|Pycreus flavidus
Annual, densely tufted herb; culms slender, triquertous; leaves few, surpassing the stem; blades soft, light green; Anthela simple; involucral bracts 4, spikes subglobose, densely bearing many spikelets; spikelets flattened, spreading, light greenish; Achenes elliptic, laterally flattened.
Along the drying beds of canals of soft sticky soil, marshy fields.
Ver.name: Low flat sedge(Eng.)
|Pycreus pumilus
woody herbs; stems 3 angled, leaves grass like, 3ranked; spikelets solitary or fascicled in bracteate heads, 1-9 flowered.glumes imbricate;hypogynous bristles when present scabrid or plumose;nut ovoid, biconvex with a persistent beak like bristles.Cosmopoliton in distribution.
Rhyncospora corymbosa (L.)Britton; Syn. Scirpus corymbosus L.
Rhizomatous, perennial; culms solitary; leaves many aggregated at the base;leaf margin and underside of mid vein finely toothed; inflorescence bearing 4 anthelas, each one corymboform; glumes 4-6; tepals scabrous; achenes spindle shaped.
Found in swamp areas in hilly region.
Ver.name: Beaked seed sedge, matamat(Eng.)
Rhyncospora wightiana (Nees) Steud.
Perennial caespitose herb; spikelets aggregated into terminal solitary heads;reddish brown; glumes elliptic lanceolate; achenes compressed, dark brown.
Found in paddy fields, and grassy grounds in forests.
Ver.name: Wight's beak sedge.(Eng.)
SCHOENOPLECTUS (Reich.)Palla
Annuals or perennials. Rhizome creeping, or short, with or without stolons. Stem terete or trigonous, smooth. Leaves mostly reduced to 2-3, soft, ephemeral sheaths; ligule+. Inflorescence pseudolateral spikes, small; Flowers bisexual, with or without perianth bristles, nut trigonous or bi-convex, compressed, surface transversely rugulose.Cosmopoliton.
Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.)Palla Syn. Scirpus articulatus L.
Perennial robust herb; culms transversely septate, hollow,green;clothed at base by 3 leaf blade less sheaths; inflorescence pseudolateral globose head with about 40 brownish spikelets.spikelets cyllindrical,achenes obovoid, triquertous.
A common species found along shallow waters in marshy areas.
Ver.name: Bul rush(Eng.)
|Schoenoplectus articulatus
Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.)Palla.
|Schoenoplectus juncoides
Schoenoplectus senegalensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Palla
Perennial caespitose herb; culms slender, sub terete; inflorescence pseudolateral, capitate, spikelets 20 in a cluster, ovoid subglobose, fulvous;involucral bracts >20cm; achenes obovoid, triquertrous, sharply angled.
|Schoenoplectus senegalensis
Schoenoplectus supinus (L.)Palla,
Annual tufted herb; culms trigonous; sheaths with a mucro; inflorescence a pseudolateral head;with about 15 spikelets;pale green and lightly straw colored;achenes elliptic, triangular, suddenly contracted at both ends, mucronate at apex.
Common in wet grassy places and rice fields.
Scirpus tuberosus Desf.
Perennial rhizomatous herb with woody tubers;culms stout, trigonous;leaves coriaceous, many;inflorescence umbellate with3-8 spikelets;solitary on each ray; achenes obovoid, brown.
Ver.name: Tuberous bulrush(Eng.)
for imagescalphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?...Scirpus+tuberosus
ACRACHNE Wight&Arnott ex Chiovenda
Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi
Aeluropus lagopoides(L.)Trin.exThw.
Erect or decumbent perennial herbs.Culms 5-10 cm tall, rooting at nodes.Leaves distichous lanceolate, margins scaberulous, folded, sheaths compressed; Spike 3-4 mm across, elliptic oblong, pinkish white; clustered into 1-1.5 cm across.
Occassional along salt marshes of the coast forming mats,through out the state.
Plant excretes excessive salt in the form of crystals. This grass may be grown for reclamation of salt soils.
|Aeluropus lagopoides
Alloteropsis cimicina (L.)Stapf.
|Alloteropsis cimicina -image courtesy JMGarg
|Aristida adscensionis
|Aristida funiculata
|Aristida hystrix
Arthraxon lancifolius(Trin.)Hochst.
Annual, tufted, decumbent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, amplexical; panicle densely flowered; spicate; spikelets paired,laterally compressed, ciliate; lower glume lanceolate, sessile spikelets lower glume rounded;upper glume finely tapering into awn like point; stamens 2.
Common in damp habitats through out the state.
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunberg) Makino
|Arundo donax
|Bamboosa arundanacea stem with spines
Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3363 (1938). Decumbent annual rooting at nodes. Leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence panicle, racemes on an axis with a triquetrous rhachis. Spikelets, glabrous, narrowly ovate, borne in pairs and crowded on the rhachis.
|Brachiaria reptans
|Brachiaria reptans branch
|Chloris barbata inflorescence
|Coix lacryma-jobi-Courtesy from Wikipedia
|Cymbopogon citratus
|Cynodon dactylon
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.,
|Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Diplachne fusca(L.)Beauv.
Perennial tuftes, coarse grass; geniculately ascending; panicle upto 15cm;loose and grey rachis scabrid; glumes oblong 1-nerved;lemma 4-toothed, pilose below, palea pilose on keels,stigmas 3, plumose
Occasional in moist places in dry districts.
|Diplache fusca
|Dinebra retroflexa
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link,
|Echinocloa colona
|Echinocloa frumentacea
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.,
|Eleusine coracana
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.,
|Elucine indica
|Eragrostiella bifaria
|Spike of Eragrostis japonica
Annual, tufted; ligule soft hairy; panicle up to 15 cm, open;branches filiform;spikelets linear oblong, 5-12 flowered.
Common therough out the state.
|Eragrostis pilosa
|Eragrostis tenella
|Eragrostis uniloides spike
HEMARTHRIA R.Brown
Hemarthria compressa (L.f.)R.Br.
Perennial tufted; culms up to 1.5m, leafsheaths below internodes, compressed;Racemes few, upto 15 cm, Pedicelled and sessile spikes similar-lower glume coriaceous,5-7 nerved upper membranous, lemmas subequal.
Occasional in wet lands of Godavari, Krishna and Pennar deltas.
|Hemarthria compressa
HETEROPOGON Persoon
Heteropogon contotus(L.)Beauv. ex Roem.&Schult.
Annual, tufted; ligule fimbriate;blades scaberuous;racemes solitary, awns forming a twisted spire; lower spikelets homogamous, awnless, either male or 0;glumes hispidous.
Very common through out the state in waste places.
Ver.name: Eddigaddi,ఎడ్డిగడ్డి kaserigaddiకసేరిగడ్డి (Tel.)Black spear grass, tangle grass(Eng.)
|Heteropogon contortus
Hygroryza aristata (Retz.)Nees ex Wight&Arn.
Aquatic floating grass;culms spongy; feathery whorled roots at nodes;leafsheaths compressed, auricled.spikelets 2cm, glumes absent.
Occasional in coastal areas.
Ver.name: Asian water grass(Eng.)
|Hygroryza aristata
Imperita cylindrica (L.)Raeusch.
Perennial tufted; nodes bearded;blades coriaceous, glabrous; spike like panicle;very dense,calus bearded, unawned, covered with long silky hairs;glumes hayline, lanceolate.
Common hedge grass on field bunds throughout the state.
It is used in Ayurvedic medicine; and for control of soil erosion.
Ver.name: Thatch grass; Dharbha gaddi దర్భగడ్డి(Tel.)Cogon grass, blady grass(Eng.)
|Imperita cylindrica
|Ischaemum rugosum
|Melanocencris jacquemontii
|Melanocenchris monoica
|Microchloa indica
|Oplismenus compostitus
|Oryza sativa(white);Oryza rufipogon(Red)
Annual, cultivated grass;panicle up to 30cm, compound, spikelets unawned; caryopsis narrowly oblong compressed.
Widely cultivated through out the state.
Ver.name: Vadlu, వరి, వడ్లుvari(Tel.) Rice, paddy(Eng.)
|Oryza sativa
Annuals or perennials. Culms erect or decumbent; leaf bldes fat, linear lanceolate; Inflorescence usually a terminal open panicle; Spikelets usually symmetrical and dorsally compressed, disarticulating below the glumes; 2-flowered, the lower floret staminate or barren, the upper bisexual.Glumes membranus; lower usually shorter than the spikelet, upper glume as long as spikelet;upper floret coriaceous;the margins of the lemma inrolled and clasping the palea; stamens 3; stigmas plumose.
Panicum maximum Jacq.
Perennial, tufted grass; branching from base; leaf sheaths ciliate near the mouth, blades large,mid rib prominent; lax panicles;spikelets linear oblong dense;caryopsis narrowly ellipsoid.
Cultigen; used as fodder, found as an escape also.
Panicum miliaceum L.
Annual tufted grass; leaf sheaths hirsute, ligule a ciliate rim, sparsely hairy on both surfaces; panicle narrowly oblong, branches alternate;spikes ovate oblong; glumes persistent, unequal;caryopsis ovoid.
A cultigen; the seed is eaten as millet.
Ver.name: Varigalu వరిగలు(Tel.)Proso millet, common millet, hog millet or white millet(Eng.)
Perennial tufted grass; ligule fimbriate membrane; leaf blades elliptic oblong; panicle upto12 cm effusive;branches numerous, alternate; spikelets 3 mm, deciduous;caryopsis ellipsoid.
|Panicle of Panicum psilopodium in between Solanu nigrum and Synedrella nodiflora
Panicum repens L.
Perennial, stoloniferous grass; creeping at base, rooting from nodes;leafsheaths densely ciliate on margin; leaf blade linear-lanceolate; panicle medium sized; spikelets 3mm; caryopsis ellipsoid.
|Panicum repens
Ver.name: Torpedo Grass, Torpedograss, Quack Grass, Bullet Grass, Couch Panicum, Creeping Panic, Panic Rampant, Wainaku Grass(Eng.)
PASPALIDIUM Stapf
|Paspalidium flavidum
|Pennisetum americanum
Perennial stoloniferous grass, up to 2m tall; branching from lower nodes; racemes up to 20 cm long, cyllindric, solitary, purplish or yellowish; involucral bristles many, very long, scabrid; spikelets solitary, sessile; caryopsis ovoid.
Found in hill slopes of many districts, also cultivated as fodder.
Ver.name: Elephant or elefante grass, Napier grass(Eng.); Napear gaddiనేపియర్ గడ్డి (Tel.)
|Napier grass
Perennial tufted, upto 1m tall, branched at nodes; leaf blades slightly hairy; racemes 10 cm long, purplish brown;involucral bristles unequal, inner with long silky hairs.
Occasional in hill slopes of Godavari and some Telangana districts.
|Pennisetum setosum
Perotis indica (L.)O.Ktze.
Perennial tufted grass; upto 50cm, leaf blades ovate-lanceolate; racemes up to 15 cm, solitary terminal; spikelets 2mm, glumes linear,awned.
Very common in sandy tracts and plains.
Ver.name: Indian comet grass(Eng.); Nakka thoka/ nakka peechu నక్కతోక (Tel.)
|Perotis indica
Rottboellia cochinensis (Lour.)W.D.Clayton
Perennial coarse grass; up 3 m tall, with stilt roots;leaf sheaths up to 12 cm, leaf blades linear flat; racemes solitary, cyllindric, rachis fragile;spikelets 4mm, binate;glumes unequal,crustaceous.
Occasional in plains and hills of all districts.
|Rottboellia cochinensis
Saccharum officinarum L.
Cultivated tufted grass, culms up to 3m tall, solid, coated with white wax; panicle upto 1m long;densely branched, silvery fragile; caryopsis oblong.
Widely cultivated through out the state.
Ver.name: cheraku చెరుకు(Tel.); Sugar cane(Eng.)
Saccharum spontaneum L.
Perennial tufted grss upto 2m tall; leafblades linear flat; panicle upto 60cm long, contracted, rachis villous;spikelets binae with silky hairs.
Very common along the streams and ponds in all districts.
Ver.name: Rellugaddi రెల్లుగడ్డి, kakicheruku కాకిచెరుకు (Tel.)Kans grass(Eng.)
|Saccharum spontaneum
Sacciolepis indica (L.)Chase
Annual tufted grass,up to 70cm tall; ligule absent, leaf blades linear, filiform; panicle spikelike, contracted, cyllindric,dense; spikelets linear;caryopsis linear.
Near marshy areas.
Annual or perennial, tufted grass; slender to robust or canelike. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate; ligule ciliate from a membranous base. Dense and spikelike panicle; or open with the spikelets contracted around the primary branches; spikelets (or some of them) subtended by one to several bristles which persist on the branches after the spikelets fall. Spikelets elliptic, awnless, florets 2; glumes and lower lemma membranous ; lower glume ovate from a clasping base, lower floret staminate or neuter. Caryopsis ellipsoid.
Setaria italica (L.)Beauv.
Annual cultivated grass, upto 1m tall; panicle contracted;involucral bristles introrsely barbed.
Ver.nmae: Korraluకొర్రలు(Tel.)Foxtail millet(Eng.)
|Setaria italica grain
Setaria pumila (Poir.)Roem.
Annual, tufted; leaf sheaths glabrous; panicle cyllindric, densely flowered; bristles barbed, caryopsis ovoid- ellipsoid.
Common in hill slopes through out the state.
Ver.name: Nakka thoka gaddiనక్కతోకగడ్డి (Tel.)yellow foxtail, yellow bristle grass, pigeon grass, and cattail grass.(Eng.)
|Setaria pumila
Annual, tufted grass; ligule a fringe of hairs;panicle spiciform, cyllindric, up to 10cm; Bristles retrorsely barbed. Caryopsis ellipsoid.
Common in all districts.
Ver.name: Nakkathoka gaddi(Tel.),Bristly foxtail and hooked bristlegrass(Eng.)
|Setaria verticillata
|spike of Sorghum
|Spinifex -female
|Spinifex -male
TETRAPOGON Desfontaines
Tetrapogon tenellus (Koen. ex Roxb.)Chiov
Annual tufted grass; 60cm tall; leaf sheaths 3-7cm, leaf blades 2-8cm; racemes upto 8cm, solitary, terminal; spikelets 3-4 awned;glumes persistent, callus densely hairy, awned; caryopsis elipsoid, awnless.
Common in dry sandy tracts in Rayalaseema and south coastal districts.
Ver.name: Eruvangaddi(Tel.)
|Tetrapogon tenellus
Perennial or annuals, culms tufted, leafsheath keeled, leafblade membranous or papery; flowers in leafy compound panicle, with short racemes; each raceme with large sessile homogamous spikelets; spikelets subterete,compressed, callus acute and bearded, lower glume leathery, upper glume awnless; lemma hayline, stipriform;
Themeda triandra Forsk.
Annual stoloniferous grass, culms ascending, rooting at lowernodes, nodes pubescent.
Leafsheath loose, glabrous, ligule with ciliate rim, leafblade lanceolate; spicate racemes, rachis terete, serrate; spikelets solitary, dorsally compressed,; glumes unequal, hayline, densely ciliate, lemma similar to palea; stamens3; stigma plumose; caryopsis compressed.
|Urochloa panicoides
Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash
A perennial tufted robust aquatic grass; nodes glabrous, leafsheath glabrous, ligule a scarious ring; blades linear, flat glabrous; panicle, branches whorled; racemes upto 10cm long, spikelets lanceolate, binate; bisexual;lowerglume spinulose, boatlower lemma hayline,caryopsis oblong.
Common in marshy areas through out the state.
Ver.name: Vattiveruవట్టివేరు (Tel.)
|Vetiveria plant
|Vativeria spike
Zea mays L.
Annual cultivated, monoecious robust grass; nodes bearded; leafsheaths densely pubescent, panicle monoecious, male terminal, racemosely arranged; female solitary, axillary; spikelets 2-nate, 2 flowered; caryopsis triangular.
Cultivated in all districts.
Ver.name: Mokkajonna మొక్కజొన్న (Tel.); Maize (Eng.)
|Zea mays crop
Zoysia martella (L.)Merr.
Annual tufted grass, culms upto 10cm; leafblades 1-2.5cm, linear, convolute, base pilose; raceme spicate, solitary; spikelets 3mm, ovoid, spiral, compressed, 1-flowered, appressed to rachis; caryopsis ovoid, within lemmas and glumes;
in sea-shore sands of coastal districts.
|Zoysia martella
|Commelina benghalensis
|Commelina hasskarlii
|Cyanotis arcotensis
|Cyanotis axillaris
Cyanotis fasciculata(Heyne exRoth)Schult.f.,
A decumbent herb;leaves linear,chartaceous,silky cobwebby;cymes axillary or terminal in 2-3 in a cluster;bracts narrowly lanceolate,recurved,flowers cottony, pinkish rose.capsule oblong.
Common through out the state.
|Cyanotis tuberosa tubers
MURDANNIA Royle.
Tiny branched herbs.Leaves alternate. Flowers in terminal panicles. K-3, membranous, free.C-3 obovate, subequal. A- 3 fertile stamens alternate with 3 staminodes; ovary 3 celled, 1 ovule per cell.Fruit subglobose, seed pitted.
Murdannia nudiflora (L.)Brenan
|Murdannia nudiflora from Wikipedia -Courtesy JMGarg
The plant is found in Tamilnadu
coast recently. It is a new record. The reason may be due to frequent visits of
travelers and boat men from
and Tamilnadu the plant is spread and
naturalized . Found near sea Sri
Lanka and Nelatur. shore of Dugarajaptnam
Murdannia spirata (L.) G.Brückn. in H.G.A.Engler,
Ver.name: Asiatic dew flower(Eng.)
|Murdannia spirata
|Flower of Rhopalephora
PONTEDERIACEAE Kunth, nom. cons.
Water or marsh plants; vegetative stems indeterminate;leaves spiral or spirally two-ranked (whorled), sheath open or closed, colleters +; inflorescence subtended by two bracts; flowers open for one day, tristyly, monosymmetry T ± undifferentiated, pseudomonocyclic, (large), mostly blue or yellow, ± connate; A adnate to T, ( staminodes +), of different lengths, filaments hairy;septal nectaries 0; placentation parietal; 1 carpel fertile, stigma small; ovule (1/carpel) fruit an achene surrounded by P base.
|Eichornia crassipes
Stem slender, cyllindric;leaves linear oblong, thick;flowers in erect or drooping spikes; bracts lilac or reddish;basal flowers pistillate, upper staminate;fruit linear oblong,in the size of a finger, slightly incurved, 4-5 angled;seeds many black; fruit not edible.
|Ravenala madagascarensis
|Heliconum flower
|Canna indica
|Costus speciosus
Tuberous geophyte;rhizomes fibrous, plane of distichy at right angles to the ground;inflorescence bracts deciduous; labellum adnate to filament and forming tube, median A of outer whorl 0; nectaries 2, on top of ovary; ovules (1-)many/carpel;capsule fleshy.Phenylpropanoids and related curcumins, ethereal oils +;
Rhizomes branched, fleshy, aromatic. Leaves basal; leaf blade broadly lanceolate or oblong. Inflorescence a terminal spike on pseudostems or on separate shoots arising from rhizomes, peduncle erect; bracts connate for half of their length and forming pouches, spreading at free ends, each subtending 2-7 flowers, apical bracts often differently colored, large, sterile, forming a coma; bracteoles free to base. Labellum with a thickened; lateral staminodes petaloid; filament short, broad; anther versatile, base usually spurred.
Curcuma amada Roxb.is cultivated for the rhizome
It is used as spice, edible.
Ver.name:Mango ginger(Eng.) Maamidi allamమామిడిఅల్లం(Tel.)
Curcuma aromatica Salisb.
Rhizomes palmately branched; deep yellow inside, aromaic; leaves often variegated; flowers pink, fragrant, shorter than bracts; corolla lip yellow deflexed.
Ver.name: Wild turmeric(Eng.), Kasthuri pasupuకస్తూరిపసుపు (Tel.)
The tubers are used as medicine in Ayurveda for its antibacterial activity.
Rare in E.Godavari, VSKP districts and cultivated for the rhizomes in some medicinal plants gardens.
|Curcuma aromatica inflorescence.
Rhizomes of Turmeric
|Globba marantina -image from wickipedia; coutesy JMGarg.
|Ceratophyllum demersum


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text:
Jose Reyes will remain in New York after additional bloodwork confirmed that the Mets shortstop has an overactive thyroid. The Mets announced on Tuesday evening that the shortstop will remain in New York until the results of this latest round of blood testing are returned.
"Those test results are not expected back before Thursday," the team said in a statement. "We will share more information as it becomes available."
Reyes left Mets camp in Port St. Lucie last week after the results of his team-issued physical raised some red flags.
"This is important. We're not talking about my leg," Reyes said on Friday. "We're talking about my health, so I have to be concerned about it."
Hyperthyroidism, according to WebMD.com, is "easily treated", but can be hard to detect because it can manifest itself in a person without any symptoms (it can also come with a multitude of symptoms). It can be treated with a variety of medications, but can't be ignored as it can lead to more serious health issues.


text:
Daughter of Lauri and John Salerno of Richmond, the bride was given in marriage by her father. Jennifer Diaz, the bride's sister, was matron of honor. Bridesmaids were Theresa Antinoro, Danielle Tuomi, Kristen Rowell, Neesha Patel and Jennifer DeMeis. Sofia Diaz was the flower girl.
The bridegroom is the son of Laura and Michael D'Angelo of Eltingville. He chose John Charles Kiernan and Justin Kiernan as best men and Jose Diaz, Alfred You, Sunil Tulyani, Richard Park and Jeffrey Hsu as ushers.
A graduate of Notre Dame Academy on Grymes Hill, Mrs. D'Angelo earned a bachelor of business administration degree, magna cum laude, in accounting from Baruch College, Manhattan, where she was on the dean's list, treasurer of Sigma Delta honor society and a freshman seminar student leader. She is a certified public accounant and audit manager with Deloitte in Manhattan.
Mr. D'Angelo is a graduate of Staten Island Technical High School and earned a bachelor of science degree in communication studies, with a concentration in graphic communication, from New York University, Manhattan, where he was named to the dean's list.
He is a digital marketing project manager with TD Ameritrade Institutional in Jersey City, N.J., and operates Vernal Media, a web design and marketing firm. Mr. D'Angelo has served on the board of the Doo Wop Preservation League in Wildwood, N.J.
After a honeymoon to the French Polynesian islands of Moorea, Taha'a and Bora Bora, the newlyweds are living in Jersey City.


text:
Album Summary
- Bernarda Fink
- Matthias Goerne (Baritone)
- Hillevi Martinpelto (Soprano)
- Franz-Josef Selig (Bass)
- Christoph Pr�gardien
Notes & Reviews:
In 1818, well before Bach's 'Mass in b-minor' was given its first complete performance, the Swiss music historian and publisher Hans Georg Nageli described it prophetically as "the greatest musical masterpiece of all times." Bach knew that with the onset of illness he would not be able to introduce the work himself. The 'Mass,' meant to be his bequest to posterity, marks the consummation of the ecclesiastical style which it sums up and epitomizes in exemplary fashion. Musically speaking, it was Bach's final message to his contemporaries.
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Works DetailsBach, Johann Sebastian : Mass in B minor, BWV 232
- Performers: Bernarda Fink; Matthias Goerne (Baritone); Hillevi Martinpelto (Soprano); Franz-Josef Selig (Bass); Christoph Prégardien
- Conductor: René Jacobs
- Running Time: 105 min. 14 sec.
- Period Time: Baroque
- Form: Choral
- Written: 1748-1749


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ASUNCION, Paraguay (AP) – Nicolas Leoz, the 84-year-old president of South American football's governing body, has been taken off intensive care treatment following heart surgery.
Nestor Benitez, a spokesman for CONMEBOL in Asuncion, said Leoz was taken off intensive care on Friday and transferred to intermediate care at Sao Paulo's Hospital Sirio Libanes.
The operation on Thursday to clear an arterial blockage and insert a stent was his fourth heart procedure.
Leoz, a Paraguayan, has headed South American football since 1986 and is a key ally of 80-year-old Julio Grondona, FIFA's senior vice president and the head of the Argentine Football Association.


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Städtisches Klinikum Schwabing
Munich, Germany
Surgery resection of infantile fibrosarcoma (program ID: 204649)
Helmut Waldner
Department of Abdominal Surgery
Specialized in: abdominal surgery
1972-1978 Studium der Humanmedizin an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universiät in München, Approbation als Arzt
1979 Promotion
1979-1982 Assistenzarzt an der Neurochirurgischen Abteilung der Chirurgischen Klinik rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München und an der Chirurgischen Klinik und Poliklinik der Uni München
1982 Assistenzarzt an der Chirurgischen Klinik und Poliklinik am Klinikum Innenstadt der LMU München
1987 Anerkennung als Arzt für Chirurgie
1988 Oberarzt an der Chirurgischen Klinik und Poliklinik am Klinikum Innenstadt der LMU München
1989 Habilitation
Research Fellow am Massachussetts General Hospital der Harvard Medical School/Boston
1992 Ernennung zum Professor (C3) für Chirurgie an der LMU München
seit 1995 Chefarzt der Klinik für Viszeralchirurgie am Klinikum Schwabing
The Department of Abdominal Surgery in Schwabing diagnoses and treats all kinds of diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity - conservative, interventional and surgical. Here gastroenterologists, hepatologists and visceral surgeons work hand in hand and guarantee the patient an optimal, interdisciplinary care. In the field of gastroenterology endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder and pancreas. In cooperation with the Children's Hospitals infants can already benefit from it.
Program includes:
- Initial presentation in the clinic
- clinical history taking
- physical examination
- review of medical records
- laboratory tests:
- complete blood count
- general urine analysis
- biochemical analysis of blood
- TSH-basal, fT3, fT4
- tumor markers
- indicators of inflammation
- indicators blood coagulation
- ultrasound
- CT/MRI scan
- biopsy and histological examination
- preoperative care
- resection of tumor
- histologically and immunohistochemically examination of the remote tissues
- symptomatic treatment
- control examinations
- the cost of essential medicines and materials
- nursing services
- full hospital accommodation in 2 bed shared room
- explanation of future recommendations
About hospital
The Schwabing Clinic is a modern medical facility with a high level of service. The clinic has high-tech modern equipment, making it one of the best hospitals not only in Germany but also in Europe. There are comfortable single and double rooms with shower and toilet, TV, telephone and radio. The clinic has a dining room with a varied menu, vending machines with soft drinks, coffee shop, and kiosk. Patients can spend their leisure time in the library, where they are offered with books, DVDs, magazines, newspapers, music CDs and audio books. An access to the Internet is also available in the library.
Accommodation in hospital
Patients rooms
The kid rooms have everything needed for a comfortable stay. The kid bathroom includes both a toilet and a shower. All rooms offer functional beds with orthopaedic mattresses ensuring unsurpassed support for overall body during sleep. There are bedside stands with pull-out tables, lockers and safe boxes in each room. It is also possible to access the Internet from a PC, smartphone or tablet so that kids always keep in touch with their parents and other family members. There is also a TV in each room.
You can opt for a single or a double room. An accompanying person may stay with the kid in the room. A double room is shared with another patient.
The enhanced comfort rooms are equipped with a safety box, a fridge and upholstered furniture.
Meals and Menus
The patient and the accompanying person are offered a daily choice of three menus. If you are on a specific diet for any reason, you will be offered an individual menu. Please inform the medical staff about your dietary preferences prior to the treatment.
Further details
Standard rooms include:
Christian priests are available for the patients at any time. Representatives of other religions may be requested at any time.
Accompanying person
Your companion may stay with you in your room or at a hotel of your choice during the fixed program.
You may stay at the hotel during the outpatient program. Our employees will support you for selecting the best option.
Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Palliative Medicine, Infectiology and Tropical Medicine
- Munich, Germany
12821.00More chevron_right
6025.00More chevron_right
Total amount:
Program [Description]
Surgery resection of infantile fibrosarcoma
- Hospital: Städtisches Klinikum Schwabing
- Department: Department of Abdominal Surgery
- Head physician: Prof. Dr. med. Helmut Waldner
- Type:
- access_time Duration
- date_range
- Transfer
- Visa support
- Interpreter 3 hours
- Interpreter 10 hours
- Translation of medical documents 4 pages


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AGAWAM – City Councilor Gina M. Letellier has announced she will seek another term on the City Council in the Nov. 8 election, touting her fiscal expertise.
"I'm running again because I still have the passion for the office," Letellier said Wednesday.
The candidate, who seeks an eighth term, pointed out that she made the motion earlier this year to cut the reserve fund by $250,000 to restore money to the School Department.
"I have been the only councilor to consistently scrutinize not only the budget, but the year-to-date spending by departments and to ask questions of department heads about unused monies," she said in a recently issued press release.
If re-elected, Letellier pledged to save money through the Reorganization Committee, modernize zoning with help from the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, and continue to scrutinize the budget and year-to-date financial reports.
Letellier also mentioned that while president of the City Council she had the board's office modernized and made more accessible to the public. Meeting notices and minutes are now available online and questions can be emailed to councilor's via the office, she stated.
Letellier also researched the purchase of a ladder truck and created the Ad Hoc Sewer Committee. The candidate stated that she created a committee to address and correct public works safety hazards and drafted a regulation establishing an adult entertainment zone.
An attorney, Letellier volunteered her legal services to help the Friends of the Agawam Public Library incorporate.
She is a 1985 graduate of Agawam High School and holds degrees from Trinity College in Hartford and Western New England College School of Law.
Agawam City Councilor Gina Letellier promises fiscal scrutiny if re-elected
on October 29, 2011 at 4:00 PM
AGAWAM – City Councilor Gina M. Letellier has announced she will seek another term on the City Council in the Nov. 8 election, touting her fiscal expertise.


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Jennifer Aniston is getting hot and heavy with two
sexy men in her new thriller, and our Tanika Ray hooked
up with the devilish duo of Clive Owen and Vincent Cassel
for some "Derailed" kiss and tell!
Owen, who nabbed an Oscar nomination for his role as
Julia Roberts' husband in "Closer," dished
some of the real secrets behind the on-camera kisses.
So is it true that no tongue is always the rule? "Not
always," Owen admitted. "You'll have to see
the movie."
But it seems one of Aniston's men was a little rough
on her body in some very physical scenes. "Yes,
I got some bruises," the actress revealed. "On
my legs, look, it wasn't pretty."
So is Owen or Cassel to blame for the marks?
"No, not from me," Owen said.
"Not with me," Cassel added.
Both the dashing Brit and charming Frenchman denied
being the culprit, and each made his case to "Extra."
"No, because I am always very careful," Cassel
said. "Especially with women, you can't hurt an
Cassel also offered to provide a star witness for the
defense: his own wife, the beautiful Monica Bellucci,
who has made nearly a dozen movies with him
So if you want to know who does what to whom in "Derailed,"
you'll have to wait until the nail-biting thriller opens
November 11th.


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Aunt Judy,
This is awesome! What a trip of a lifetime! How wonderful for Chris and kids to see their relatives. I look forward to each days notes ahead! Love you bunches!
Day 13 Brno,Czech republic
Trip Start Jul 31, 2013
25Trip End Aug 27, 2013
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Had dinner ...Czech food, goulash...very yummy, with Chris and one of his co-workers, Renato. Fascinating man who has lived in seven countries, 17 cities. He is Brazilian, Italian and U.S. citizen...three passports.
Good day..tomorrow we head to Vienna.


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30 Days of Twilight: Day 19 - What Bugged You The Most?
What bugged you the most about the books or movies?
Obviously we are all HUGE Twilight fans and love, love, love the series!! But this is our chance to express something that maybe we were not super happy with. Maybe your favorite book part was left out of the movie? Maybe there was something added to a movie that you didn't think should have been? Maybe you didn't like a certain characters look or there wasn't enough of certain characters? Maybe the way they tried to shove the love triangle down our throats? Maybe there was too much Jacob?
What bugged me the most was the bad wigs, the wrong Volvo & Jacob imprinting on Renessme. Also, Edward was not the right kind of sparkly, especially in the first Twilight movie, it got better in the later movies. And one last thing, the scene in Eclipse where Bella jumps on the back of Jacob's motorcycle and leaves Edward in the school parking lot. No! No! No! That was just wrong.
Now it's your turn! Let us know what bugged you! (please remember this isn't for arguing with each other.)
Views: 1452
What irritated me the most is
1. Bella would never leave edward in the school parking lot and go with Jacob!!! NEVER!!!
2. they didnt make edward sparkle that much in Twilight they did better in the other movies...
3. I HATED jaspers wig in new moon...HE WAS NOT A PAGE BOY!!! God awful wig they could have done better with rose wig too it LOOKED like a wih not real hair.
4. what REALLY bothers me is not the movies or books...its some of the "FANS" so the movies r done...maybe... for us BIG FANS we wish there will be more..like twilight forever...even though I have to look for it on ebay because they want alot for it...they R still doing the graphic novels...I'm so looking forward to getting the second half of New Moon..ppl act like ok the movies r done ..I'm not a fan any more because everything is down now to the next BIG thing to come out...whaty happen to all the ppl ojn here..."oh I love Twilight I'm a big fan and 'NEVER" will stop and they will have to kick me "OFF" here...WHERE r all these ppl that said that?????
where R all the BIG FANS off Twilight ???? where R all the ppl that will go to every movie and said they read the books over and over???? I've heard over and over ..."will all the movies r done there is nobody on here...that to me is NOT a fan big or other wise..!!! they have the NY con...I wish I could of gone...sighhhhhbut they had something around where I live I went there and got a pair of BEAUTIFUL drawings for free!!!!! the guy said that I was A BIG FAN!!! so he gave them to me...I'm on here almost every day in the spring and summer some fall but I cant walk in the cold...sighhhh:-( a BIG FAN to me is someone who DOESN't stop being one because the movies stop...sorry I know this is for the movies but I had to say that because every time I get on here there is one person on here....me...
sorry for the misspelled words..I just pour out feelings and not look at what I'm typing...sorry...;-0
I didn't like the scene where Bella and Charlie were talking on the couch and Bella says Edward is in my life. It seemed kinda fake and I hate how the mountain in Eclipse was fake looking. When Bella is talking to Jacob on the mountain and tells him to kiss her, she doesn't really look at him hardly during the scene. Her eyes are downcast the entire time and I'm thinking at least look at who your talking to so it looks like you mean it.
Easily the thing that bothered me the most was in eclipse the movie. I love Eclipse, the book....In the movie, I didn't really care what got changed, EXCEPT the proposal line. That was one thing that I thought should have been word for word book perfect and when it wasn't...OMG, I almost had a fit. That upset me more than anything else. I STILL to this day, will NOT watch the proposal scene in that movie. The ONLY time that line is played in my house is if I've fallen asleep watching the movie. I will mute the screen when I'm up and it's on...or scream over it. I HATE that scene in the movie. It SHOULD NOT have been changed. I know most people don't even notice it, but that is my favorite line of the ENTIRE saga, so of course I knew the second it was said that it wasn't right. Nothing in any other movie irks me that bad.
That is all over
I can't believe no one has mentioned the spider monkey ridiculousness in Twilight. It was just awful even the beautiful view at the end of the scene and Bella's lullaby can't make up for it. I agree with everyone who mentioned the wigs and makeup especially Eclipse--just horrible.


text:
An account of the organization & proceedings of the Battle of Lake Erie monument association. And celebration of the 45th anniversary of the battle of Lake Erie, at Put-in-Bay Island, on September tenth, 1858., Battle of Lake Erie monument association. MoA
Battle of Lake Erie By Tristam Burges Goo
Battle of Lake Erie: with notices of Commodore Elliot's conduct in that ... By Tristam Burges 1839Goo
The battle of Lake Erie: a collection of documents, chiefly by Commodore ... By Oliver Hazard Perry 1918 Goo
The Facts and Historical Events of the Toledo War of 1835: As Connected with the First Session ... by Willard V. Way. 1869 Goo
Greene County soldiers in the late war by Ira S. Owens, Christian Pub. House, 1884 OpL
Indian wars of the West: biographical sketches of those pioneers who headed the western settlers in repelling the attacks of the savages, together with a view of the character, manners, monuments, and antiquities of the western Indians by Timothy Flint, 1780-1840 LC Graphic
The official roster of Ohio soldiers in the world war, 1917-18 ... Ohio. Adjutant-General's Dept. 1926 HT
Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the ... by Ohio Roster commission - Mexican War, 1846-48. 1895 Goo
The official roster of Ohio soldiers in the war with Spain, 1898-1899 Adjutant General's Office Arc HT
Prisoner of the Rebels in Texas the Civil War narrative of Aaron T. Sutton, corporal, 83rd Ohio Volunteer
Infantry by Aaron T. Sutton 1978
Register of the Society of Colonial Wars in the States of Ohio, October 1, 1909 by Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Ohio, Society Colonial Wars in the State of Ohio 1909 Goo
Roster of Ohio soldiers in the War of 1812. Ohio. Adjutant-general's office. 1916 HT
Home Ohio


text:
Rome Model UN
"Giovani nel Mondo" Association has been planning and organizing since 2010 the "Rome Model United Nations (RomeMUN)", an educational program, set in Rome at Luiss Guido Carli University and organized with the contributions of eminent UN bodies based in Rome (FAO, IFAD, WFP), aimed at teaching college students as well as high-school students and recent graduates the inner workings of the United Nations Organization. Our conference is one of the biggest in Europe and the one with the biggest numbers of scholarships available for deserving candidates.
Next RomeMUN conference, which will be held in Rome from the 13th to the 17th of March 2014, will be the fifth in a row; the number of delegates who is going to take part to the event as well as the number of committees that are going to be represented is increasingly growing: more than 1500 delegates organized are expected to be present. On the 2013 edition, we hosted 1000 delegates coming from 110 countries and 5 continents who represented the UN member states in seven different UN committees. We have reached this incredible results in terms of number of delegates and variety of nationalities thanks to a network of around 230 RomeMUN ambassadors who promote all over the world our MUN conference in their respective universities and MUN network and clubs.


text:
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Langley Marina lighting change makes progress
The Port of South Whidbey has seen the light and is working successfully with the City of Langley on lighting proposals for the marina expansion project.
Last month, port representatives received no public support from the council for improved lighting, but the two entities have been working together since then, said Hal Seligson, mayor pro-tem, at Monday's City Council meeting.
In a nutshell, the port wants taller lights to better serve tourist boats and mark the marina's location for mariners. The city has been concerned that the port's proposed lights are too tall and too bright.
"The staff and the port are in deep discussion on the matter of lighting," Seligson told the council members. "There are a number of questions I'm confident will be solved in short order."
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