text:
Dan Goldsmith of Hanover patiently waited for his background check to be approved at the Mid-Atlantic Arms Collectors Gun Show and Sale on Saturday at the Pennsylvania Farm Show.
Waiting even a little more anxiously was his eight-year-old son, Seth, for whom a .270 Remington rifle was intended.
"My son and I have a passion for target shooting," said Dan Goldsmith. Seth was diagnosed last April with stage 4 lymphoma, he added. "I will not let cancer get in the way of me target shooting," Seth said.
Dan Goldsmith, who served eight years in the military, said he grew up around guns, with both his parents having been police officers. "I was always taught safety and respect," he said. "Eventually, if we're not allowed to pass on and teach our children about guns, we're not going to have police officers, military," he said.
From black and pink .22 caliber handguns to tactical rifles and even machine guns, vendors offered an array of weapons, while some customers brought guns of their own to try to sell or trade.
The show is a quarterly event staged in the Farm Show exhibition hall by Nick Jubinski of Uniondale, who has been organizing it for 40 years. His web site says up to 1,200 spaces were available.
Jubinski estimated attendance at 2,000 Saturday, and 5,000-6,000 for the weekend; the show continues 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Sunday.
Every dealer's firearm sale goes through a background check at the show. "There's no skirting the law," he said.
While he said it is legal for Pennsylvania residents to sell shotguns and rifles to other residents, he said, "We always recommend if you don't know the buyer, you get a background check."
Business is brisk, say the gun dealers.
"It's been busy, unfortunately since the incident," said John Tidd of Sundown Gun Shop near Scranton. "It's a panic-driven economy, because of the knee-jerk reaction of liberal politicians," he said. "This is a mental health issue, but regrettably some politicians want to make it into a gun issue."
Everything gun-related is becoming difficult to get, ranging from weapons to ammunition, Tidd said.
"Manufacturers weren't prepared for the swell in business and interest in firearms," he said. "There are more first-time buyers than ever before in history," he said, and even more than just before President Obama took office.
"He's the best gun salesman in the history of the U.S.," Tidd said of the president.
The price of ammunition has caused Javier Almanza of Harrisburg to reduce his target shooting. "It's a lot more expensive than it's ever been," he said, with 500 .22 rounds costing $60, compared to $10-15 years ago.
Gunsmith Michael Roan of Selinsgrove takes custom orders for rifles that cost months for him to make. He does only one show a year, as advertisement for his business.
"I'm not selling the stuff that's got everyone upset," he adds.
As for the reported shortages, Roan said it doesn't take much for manufacturers to run short, since they typically make close to what they can sell.
Bear Paw Arms from Mount Pleasant was offering a weapon that requires an even more extensive background check – machine guns, which are a class 3 weapon. Citizens in the U.S. can only buy machine guns made prior to 1986, said dealer David Pawlikowski he said.
Purchasers must be fingerprinted and photographed, in addition to having a background check, and the wait is about six months, Pawlikowski said.
"It's an investment," he said, with the weapons costing from $10,000 to $25,000 for an HKMP5 machine gun, which he said is "the gun that killed Osama Bin Laden."
Tim Lubrano of Poughkeepsie, N.Y. drove four hours to his second Mid-Atlantic Arms Collectors show. He found a Carcano, a World War II era rifle, which he liked for its chrome.
"I think it will look interesting to hang on a wall," Lubrano said. His friend, William Pribbe of Scranton, found a Russian Mosin rifle from World War II, which he said was reasonably priced at about $200. "I do lots of mods," he said.
"Home defense products" are drawing the most interest, particularly from those 50 and over, said John Cunningham of Stonybrook Shooting Supplies of York. "They seem to be concerned for their safety from home invasions," he said.
Women were also interested in colorful handguns, he said, like black and pink or black and lime green Sig Sauer .22 Mosquitoes.
Cunningham said his company is about 200 handguns under-inventory due to scarcity of manufacture. "We can't get them fast enough," he said.


text:
March 6, 2013
How Penguins Survive Subzero Cold
Joseph Stromberg, Smithsonian
AP Photo
Antarctica, as you might expect, gets pretty darn cold: Temperatures as low as -40 degrees Fahrenheit are often recorded during the winter. For the creatures who live there, this extreme cold demands innovative survival strategies that enable the loss of as little heat as possible.
TAGGED: Convection, Radiation, Heat, Cold (temperature), Penguins

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How a Reluctance to Deport Pop Stars Strengthens US Immigration Policy
Four months have passed since the UK voted to leave the EU. We are still some way from knowing the likely terms of a post-Brexit agreement, even if the Conservative Party conference and other recent statements have given some...more
For those of you who missed the third and final Presidential debate, immigration was an important topic discussed by the 2016 Presidential candidates. Moderator Chris Wallace asked both candidates about their positions and...more
The dust has now settled after the seismic shift of the UK's vote to leave the European Union (also known as "Brexit") on 23 June. The British Government has yet to formally trigger exit, and legal challenges are underway by...more
America's broken immigration system is in desperate need of reform, and according to expert analysts, changes to the system could have a significant impact on the U.S. economy. While advocates for immigration reform are quick...more
On the first day of its new term, the United States Supreme Court sidestepped another opportunity to determine the constitutionality of President Obama's executive immigration reforms. On October 3, 2016, the Court denied...more
On Monday, October 3rd the Supreme Court denied the Obama administration's request to rehear arguments in United States v. Texas, a case involving President Obama's 2014 executive actions on immigration. The Supreme Court...more
This survey is an update on this rapidly evolving area of the law in all 50 states and focuses on laws and bills that could potentially impact employers and their worker eligibility obligations beyond existing federal...more
On August 31, 2016 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) proposed an "International Entrepreneur" (I.E.) rule that would allow qualifying foreign investors to develop and grow their start-up companies in the United...more
In November 2014 President Obama announced a series of executive actions regarding immigration reforms, stating that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ("USCIS") should make efforts with respect to "modernizing,...more
Some interesting links we found across the web this week:
FAA's new drone laws go into effect Monday, allowing US companies to innovate -
The regulatory scheme around civilian drones is still taking shape, but the...more
The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) last week proposed a new rule that will allow certain immigrant startup founders to receive "parole" or temporary permission to...more
Current visa options limit the ability of foreign national entrepreneurs to start and grow companies in the United States. As a result, the United States is less able to attract the world's very best and most innovative...more
Last Wednesday, the Department of Homeland Security ("DHS") announced a proposal that would allow foreign entrepreneurs to enter the United States to operate high-growth, job-creating startup enterprises. As with other...more
Seyfarth Synopsis: USCIS proposes a regulation to grant special "parole" entry to certain foreign entrepreneurs backed by venture capitalists and angel investors. The rule is long and complicated, while the benefit granted...more
The Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security recently signed a proposed rule that would allow certain international entrepreneurs to temporarily enter the U.S. to start their businesses. The U.S. Citizenship and...more
On July 29, 2016 the Department of Homeland Security announced a final rule that expands eligibility or a provisional waiver of unlawful presence, (''provisional waiver''). For readers who are unfamiliar with the provisional...more
This Advisory briefly reports on some of the significant U.S. Supreme Court actions from January through June 2016 related to environmental and administrative law.
Please see full Publication below for more information. ...more
Panorama -
As eleições presidenciais dos EUA entraram em uma fase de disputa com os partidos Republicano e Democrata realizando suas convenções nas próximas duas semanas para escolher Donald Trump e Hillary Clinton como...more
Article: Increase in Vertical Price Restraint Enforcement in China -
In recent months, Chinese anti-monopoly enforcement actions scrutinizing and penalizing pricing-related issues have noticeably increased. A growing...more
The Effects of an Eight-Justice Supreme Court. Since Justice Scalia's passing in February, the Supreme Court has operated with only eight justices, and it will continue to do so for as long as the Senate declines to consider...more
Overview -
The U.S. Presidential Elections have shifted into overdrive with both the Republican and Democratic holding their conventions over the next two weeks to select Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton as their...more
The following alert is directed to organizations with a presence in Canada or who anticipate the need to place talent at a Canadian work site.
1. Beginning December 1, 2016, Mexican Citizens Will Not Need a Visa for...more
Recently, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) issued an interim final rule that will increase fines on U.S. employers for violations of federal immigration law. The rule has the potential to substantially increase penalties...more
The fifth annual report examines the legal, economic and social issues having the greatest impact on the workplace, based on survey responses from more than 800 in-house counsel, human resources professionals and C-suite...more
The voters in Great Britain caught the world off guard by voting to leave the European Union (EU) after over 40 years of membership. However, after the vote, the questions immediately started. Leaving the EU is governed by a...more
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[Previous] | [Session 70] | [Next]
R. J. Rand (Univ. of New Mexico), S. D. Lord (IPAC), J. L. Higdon (Kapteyn Lab, Univ. of Groningen)
We have used the Owens Valley Millimeter Array to map 12CO (J=1-0) along a 3.5 kpc segment of M83's eastern spiral arm at resolutions of 6.5"x3.5", 10", and 16". The CO emission in most of this segment lies along the sharp dust lane demarking the inner edge of the spiral arm, but beyond a certain point along the arm the emission shifts downstream from the dust lane to become better aligned with the young stars seen in blue and H\beta images. This morphology resembles that of the western arm of M100. Three possibilities, none of which is wholly satisfactory, are considered to explain the deviation of the CO arm from the dust lane: heating of the CO by UV radiation from young stars, heating by low-energy cosmic rays, and a molecular medium consisting of two (diffuse and dense) components which react differently to the density wave. Regardless, the question of what CO emission traces along this spiral arm is a complicated one. Strong tangential streaming is observed where the arm crosses the kinematic major axis of the galaxy, implying that the shear becomes locally prograde in the arms. Inferred from the streaming is a very high gas surface density of about 230 solar masses per pc2 and an arm-interarm contrast greater than 2.3 in the part of the arm near the major axis. Using two different criteria, we find that the gas at this location is well above the threshold for gravitational instability -- much more clearly so than in either M51 or M100.
If you would like more information about this abstract, please follow the link to http://www.phys.unm.edu/~rjr/rjrhome.html. This link was provided by the author. When you follow it, you will leave the Web site for this meeting; to return, you should use the Back comand on your browser.
[Previous] | [Session 70] | [Next]


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WILLISTON Concordia Lutheran Church in Williston was made to shutter its doors to the homeless for overnight stays for the last time Wednesday when a special permit for allowing the homeless to reside there was denied.
Fire and building safety codes, different for residences than for churches, was cited as the reason for the denial.
Pastor Jay Reinke, the pastor of the church and the principal person in charge, declined to comment on the issue when called Thursday.
A letter that Kent Jarcik, the director of planning and zoning for the City of Williston, sent to the church denying the request to continue to house homeless there was dated Aug. 12 and the church had 30 days to end the program.
"In process of review, it primarily doesn't meet fire and building code (for residence)," Jarcik said in an interview with The Minot Daily News.
Jarcik was quick to point out that the city had not "banned" the church from housing the homeless, they just had to deny the request at this point.
Fact Box
Dickinson advises Williston
WILLISTON Representatives of united churches in Dickinson have been asked by at least one minister in Dickinson to come and give a presentation to Williston on how area churches can best help alleviate some of the homeless struggles in the city. If current plans hold, a presentation will be held Oct. 8.
Dickinson Churches United for the Homeless, a fellowship of 12 churches within the city, have been operating since February as a shelter for the area's homeless. They developed their integrated system largely on that of Fargo's, while taking the differences between the cities into account.
"The first thing we did was take Fargo's plan, we're unique to Fargo in this way, they have shelters and they take the overflow. They take the cream of the crop, you can say, they get the best guests. We don't have that," Ron Dazzell, pastor of the Evangelical Bible Church in Dickinson and a leader of the united group, said to The Minot Daily News.
The city only has a crisis shelter to house women and children victimized by domestic violence or rape. But men are left without support.
The churches in Dickinson experienced a similar problem with Concordia Lutheran Church in Williston in that the churches are not set up nor zoned for mass residence, but instead are zoned, for some reason, as "single-family dwellings," Dazzell said. So, they applied and received special permits for six of the churches to house the homeless. They do so on a weekly rotating basis.
To make sure they could stay in operation, they put as many safety features and safeguards in place as possible, including submitting building and fire plans to city officials and providing a nightly list of shelter occupants to the police department.
"At the end of the day I can tell you it's overkill, but that's okay," Dazzell said.
Other safeguards include background checks and warrant checks on all occupants and volunteers, which can often be done immediately at the police department. The police, like other social service agencies in the area, serve as "entry-points" into the program.
"Sometimes people think that they (the homeless) all know each other and that they have some kind of gang or club," Dazzell said. "And that's not true. They appreciate that you do the background check."
Dazzell hopes that their system, in development since February, will serve as a good case study and precedent for other cities to get proactive on helping the homeless, including, "the biblical reasons for the body of Christ to minister to the homeless."
Flint McColgan
"We figure, on the simpler side of things, with a sprinkler and alarm system it would make it safe and I would sign off on it," said Alan Hanson, the Williston fire chief, in an interview to The Minot Daily News. "The city building department will have different aspects and they'll look, but mine (his responsibility) is simply life safety and those would point in that direction."
Both of the officials believed there was support in the community to help bring the church up to code and continue to operate as a shelter.
"I still think there is support in the community for fundraising and options," Jarcik said.
"I support what he's trying to do. It's just when it gets brought to me I have to follow code," said Hanson, adding his personal support.
"I know I've been told that I'm supposed to be going to hell for shutting down what they're trying to do," he added, with a laugh.
The City of Williston currently has no actual shelters for the homeless in place, despite being a destination for many people seeking work who can't immediately afford residence there.
"Hopefully the community will step up and do it," said Michael Carbone, the executive director of the North Dakota Homeless Coalition, to The Minot Daily News on community support for the church and its efforts. "Hopefully they can do it quickly enough so that they'll have something in place before the cold weather comes again."
"Williston is one of those cities that doesn't have shelters," said Mac McLeod, the director of the Minot Area Homeless Coalition and current board member and past chairman of the North Dakota Homeless Coalition, in an interview. "And they're being overwhelmed."
"This is being done in other parts of the state through churches and I know that a couple of churches in Minot are looking into providing emergency shelters, too," he added. "I think anything that can be done to help alleviate or lesson some of the issues of no housing or people being put through emotional distress is great."
"Obviously we want anybody staying in any public building to have some sort of protection," Carbone said. "At the same time we need to protect people from the elements so I think it's unfortunate that the church had to cease but I hope that in the future they will begin doing so."
"I think that's entirely appropriate for a church to offer the opportunity (for housing)," he added.


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^ Have you played "Touched!" ?
I loved this song and this upbeat version is pretty cool ^_^
kirbys final smash looks cool
wario ware song sounds weird tho
Brawl FC : 2750-0757-1719
Brawl NickName : KEVIN
PM me if you add me
Yeah I'm liking this music.
lol... why wario?.....he got cooked this time
and the music is awsome
Guitar hero 3= 283602180394
Strikers FC= 236458-134911
Guitar Hero WT: 000189824665
TvsC: 4082-6902-6467
need help with anything, pm me
I'm back....and bored
Wario is always the one getting hurt. Poor wario.
kirby is cooking wario lol
Miles "Tails" Prowers
Two tails are better than one.
Spoiler Alert!Tails Fan Club
Members: bw!, nick atack, FLYNNN
PM bw! to join.
the way that they make wario fit into a serious game with snake... it's amazing
My Brawl FC: 1934-0362-3348
Wow I remember this music from the DS wario game and I listened to it alot. Nice edited version with english too! Kinda figured that was Kirby's FSA...no surprise there
Brawl Friend Code
If you add me make sure you PM me so we can play
This update answers a couple of questions that I had proposed when writing my SSBB History Thread:
1. Would Kirby's FSA target one enemy, or would it target everything on the field?
2. Would the attack produce items that could replenish health?
Looks like I'll have to update the article..
Official SSBB Soundtrack Thread (with links!):
Brawl FC: 5155-2608-6428
Only add me if you are located near the Ohio area. PM me so I know to add you back.
it looks like a max tomato came out of the pot so i'm guessing it does replenish health.
formerly known as wii-fi


text:
A man who killed his friend during a botched robbery attempt in 2011 pleaded guilty to manslaughter Monday (April 14) and received a 35-year prison sentence.
Jury selection was about to begin inside Orleans Parish Criminal District Court Judge Franz Zibilich's courtroom when Mervin "Murder Merph" Higgins admitted to fatally shooting 17-year-old Dominick Kent, whom police said was his accomplice to a robbery on an Algiers levee.
Higgins, 22, was facing a second-degree murder charge, which carries a life prison term, plus other felonies before he reached a deal prosecutors.
The shooting happened just before 10 p.m. on Dec. 14, 2011 on an Algiers levee. Police said Higgins and Kent were in the process of robbing another man when Higgins fired his gun and accidentally struck Kent.
Higgins and Kent were both armed that night, and attempted to steal a wallet from a man who was standing near the Algiers ferry landing, a detective wrote in a report.
The man refused to give up his wallet and reached for Higgins' gun, police said, and three men began to scuffle, at which point Higgins began firing and shot Kent multiple times.
Police later found Kent's body abandoned in the grass, about 30 feet below the top of the levee, NOPD detective Brandon Ludwig wrote in his report.
Higgins later admitted to several people that he killed his friend, police said, and those witnesses identified Higgins during a police lineup, after which a warrant for Higgins' arrest was issued.
Higgins was not arrested until more than six months later, when he was extradited to New Orleans by authorities in Texas, where he was being held on a separate charge.
Inside Zibilich's courtroom on Monday, both of Kent's parents as well as the robbery victim, gave impact statements prior to Higgins entering his plea.
Police said at the time that Kent was suspected of being a member of a Algiers gang called "Hot Block" and records show that both Kent and Higgins were arrested together on battery charges a couple of months before the fatal shooting.
Higgins was given credit for the time he has already been in jail, but will have to serve the remainder of his sentence without a chance for probation or parole.


text:
BORING -- A three-vehicle crash on U.S. 26 today sent three people to area hospitals and temporarily shut down the highway's eastbound lanes.
According to Oregon State Police, a pickup westbound on U.S. 26 lost control during a hail storm and hit another vehicle just west of the the Oregon 212 interchange around 2:50 p.m. The impact drove the second vehicle across the center median into an eastbound vehicle.
The crash blocked both of the highway's eastbound lanes.
Tammy Owen, Boring Fire District spokeswoman, said two patients were rushed by ambulance to Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center. Another was taken to Legacy Emanuel Medical Center.
Identities of the victims are not available.
Crews from the Gresham Fire Department and Sandy Fire District assisted Boring Fire District personnel at the scene
All lanes were reopened shortly after 4 p.m.


text:
For those without an APEC card, the Hong Kong International Airport offers a frequent visitors card for those who visit HK 3 times in a 12 month period. It's free, and the documentation required is pretty straightforward. The card takes about 6 to 8 weeks to arrive, and is valid for 2 years. You need to travel through HK 6 times in the 2-year period to be eligible for renewal.
The card allows access to a much shorter queue through Immigration, but does not provide any special benefits with Customs. That said, Customs entering HK is extremely quick. The Frequent Visitors queue is not always open: I was in HK last week, landing at 05:00, and the queue wasn't open, but it was very quick anyway. The queue was open at 22:00 on my return.


text:
An Efficacy and Safety Study to Assess [18F]-ML-10 in Detecting Response of Tumors to Chemotherapy and Radiation
The recruitment status of this study is unknown because the information has not been verified recently.
Verified December 2010 by Aposense Ltd..
Recruitment status was Recruiting
Recruitment status was Recruiting
Aposense Ltd.
Information provided by:
Aposense Ltd.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: December 14, 2010
Last updated: December 16, 2010
Last verified: December 2010
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Study Status:
|This study is currently recruiting participants.
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|No date given
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|February 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)


text:
From The Atlanta Journal-Constitution:
A man who robbed a Wendy's at gunpoint Saturday night apparently was so upset with his haul that he twice called the restaurant to complain, Atlanta police said.
"Next time there better be more than $586," he said during one call. He made "a similar threat" in the second call, police said.
» Read the full report: Unhappy robber: Gunman calls restaurant to gripe [The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]
» See tiny, beautiful sculptures made out of pencils [Refreshing News]
» Meet the blind piano virtuoso who can't tell one hand from the other [Gawker.TV]
What happens when you throw a brick into a washing machine? Fast-forward to 0:50 to find out:


text:
14 posts tagged with tufte.
Displaying 1 through 14 of 14. Subscribe:
Film of visual proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem shown by Edward Tufte?
In the late 1990s I attended one of Edward Tufte's day-long seminars. Tufte screened several short films for us, including "Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase", "Powers of Ten", and another short presenting a series of visual proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem. There are a variety of such films out there on the tubes, but can anyone help identify which one Tufte is likely to have chosen? [more inside]
Paging Mr. Edward Tufte!
What is the lie factor of this graph?
Please help me improve this graph!
What are accepted ways for visualizing this example dataset for a journal or other "professional" endpoint? [more inside]
Tufte, you need to give me a little bit more...
How should I display this data? Chlamydia screening rates among 20 clinics, cut a few different ways. Big picture question: resources for really good charts and graphs? [more inside]
Help me create a scatterplot that isn't ugly and bad
Better-looking scatterplot using data from an OpenOffice calc spreadsheet? [more inside]
Diagrams - best of...
Tell me about the most comprehensive diagram resources ever? [more inside]
Good training opportunities on the edges of technology?
I work as a web developer, project manager, and occasional jack-of-all-trades. What's the most interesting things I could reasonably do with a small budget marked "paid training"? [more inside]
I can teach this stuff, I swear I can...
Hope me understand what's going on on p.144 (footnote 5) of Tufte's Beautiful Evidence. Page 6 in this online excerpt. [more inside]
How do I get my graphics to look like this?
How do I make pretty lines like Style.org's The Strouhal Number in Cruising Flight. The lines themselves, like the oscillating flight path and the angled lines in "Amplitude perpendicular to the angle of attack" seem just perfect. Is there a good workflow or template to recreate this in Illustrator or Photoshop? [more inside]
Is there a list of types of graphs, charts and diagrams somewhere?
Has someone made a list of all the types of charts/graphs/visualization types say from the books by Bretin / Tufte / Tukey etc? Wikipedia has something similar here: Diagrams or Charts. The idea is a simple list of graph names/techniques that one can quickly scan through while planning an infoviz. Anyone?
What about London should I map?
What about London should I map? [more inside]
Which Edward Tufte book should a scientist read?
My mom's a research scientist; I've convinced her to get an Edward Tufte book (partly because she uses Powerpoint a lot). Which one should she get?
Graphical data representation
Help me work out how to represent data in an innovative way. [more inside]
Tufte's Beautiful Evidence
Edward Tufte was supposed to be coming out with a new book, "Beautiful Evidence" I believed scheduled for last fall. I haven't seen anything about it; does anyone know its status?
Page: 1


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[Federal Register Volume 66, Number 38 (Monday, February 26, 2001)] [Rules and Regulations] [Pages 11540-11542] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 01-4646] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 27 CFR Part 9 [T.D. ATF-441; RE: Notice No. 898] RIN: 1512-AA07 Realignment of the Boundary of the Walla Walla Valley Viticultural Area and the Eastern Boundary of the Columbia Valley Viticultural Area (99R-141P) AGENCY: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Department of the Treasury. ACTION: Final rule, Treasury decision. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: This final rule extends the boundary of the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area. This action is the result of petitions filed by growers and winemakers located within the existing area and in the new area being added. This final rule also extends the boundary of the Columbia Valley viticultural area so that it coincides with the boundary of Walla Walla Valley viticultural area. The establishment of viticultural areas and the subsequent use of viticultural area names as appellations of origin in wine labeling and advertising allow wineries to designate the specific areas where the grapes used to make the wine were grown and enable consumers to better identify the wines they purchase. EFFECTIVE DATE: April 27, 2001. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lisa M. Gesser, Regulations Division, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, 650 Massachusetts Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20226 (202-927-9347). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background On August 23, 1978, ATF published Treasury Decision ATF-53 (43 FR 37672, 54624) revising regulations in 27 CFR part 4. These regulations allow the establishment of defined American viticultural areas. The regulations also allow the name of an approved viticultural area to be used as an appellation of origin in the labeling and advertising of wine. On October 2, 1979, ATF published Treasury Decision ATF-60 (44 FR 56692) which added a new part 9 to 27 CFR, providing for the listing of approved American viticultural areas. Section 4.25a(e)(1), title 27, CFR, defines an American viticultural area as a delimited grape-growing region distinguishable by geographical features, the boundaries of which have been delineated in subpart C of part 9. Section 4.25a(e)(2) outlines the procedure for proposing an American viticultural area. Any interested person may petition ATF to establish a grape-growing region as a viticultural area. The petition should include: (a) Evidence that the name of the proposed viticultural area is locally and/or nationally known as referring to the area specified in the petition; (b) Historical or current evidence that the boundaries of the viticultural area are as specified in the petition; (c) Evidence relating to the geographical features (climate, soil, elevation, physical features, etc.) which distinguish the viticultural features of the proposed area from surrounding areas; (d) A description of the specific boundaries of the viticultural area, based on features which can be found on United States Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) maps of the largest applicable scale; and (e) A copy of the appropriate U.S.G.S. map(s) with the boundaries prominently marked. Original Designation of the Walla Walla Valley and Columbia Valley Viticultural Areas The Walla Walla Valley viticultural area was established by Treasury Decision (T.D.) ATF-165 on February 6, 1984 (49 FR 4374). The original petition, filed by the Walla Walla Valley Wine Growers Association, had requested designation of an area of approximately 300,000 acres. At the time of the original petition, ATF had been concerned that the total area to be designated was very large in proportion to the area used for viticulture. ATF and the petitioner agreed to reduce the size of the proposed area to encompass only the locations where grapes were being commercially grown. As approved, the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area consisted of approximately 260,000 acres, and had two wine producers and 60 acres of grapes. The area was within the counties of Walla Walla in Washington State and Umatilla in Oregon. Later, when the Columbia Valley viticultural area was designated (T.D. ATF-190, November 13, 1984, [49 FR 44895-44899]), the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area was thought to be entirely within the Columbia Valley viticultural area. In preparation for the current rulemaking, we reviewed the maps in question and discovered that there is an area approximately 3 miles long where the eastern boundary of the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area extends beyond the eastern boundary of the Columbia Valley viticultural area. [[Page 11541]] See our further discussion under ``Extension of the Columbia Valley viticultural area.'' Petitions for Extension of the Boundaries of Walla Walla Valley ATF received a petition from Mr. Gaynor S. Derby of Spring Valley Vineyards, requesting that the northern boundary of the existing Walla Walla Valley viticultural area be extended to add approximately 3500 acres to the northeastern part of the approved area. Later, we received a petition from the Walla Walla Valley Winegrowers, a group representing 20 wineries and vineyards located within the existing area or within the area they propose to add. Mr. Norm McKibben of Pepper Bridge Winery submitted the petition on behalf of the group. The Walla Walla Valley Winegrowers petitioned to expand the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area to include all the area requested in the original petition and additional land to the north. The petitioners referred to the evidence submitted with the original petition to show geographic distinctiveness and name recognition. The petitioners also provided supplemental information. Mr. Derby, who petitioned for a smaller extension of the existing area, agreed to support the larger extension proposed by the Walla Walla Valley Winegrowers. Extension of the Columbia Valley Viticultural Area This final rule also adjusts the boundary of the Columbia Valley viticultural area. In the original designation of the Columbia Valley viticultural area, ATF stated that the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area was entirely within the Columbia Valley viticultural area. As noted above, our recent review of the maps disclosed that there is a small area near Dixie, Washington, where the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area lies outside the boundaries of the Columbia Valley viticultural area. This overlap occurs in a place where the official boundary of the Columbia Valley moves from the 2000 foot contour line to a state highway. Therefore, we have amended the boundary so it follows the 2000 foot contour line for an additional 3 miles north, and then shifts to the state highway as before. This change extends the common boundary between the two viticultural areas and eliminates the area of overlap and any resulting confusion. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking In response to the petitions, ATF published a notice of proposed rulemaking, Notice No. 898, in the Federal Register on June 6, 2000 (65 FR 35871), proposing to revise the boundary of the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area and the eastern boundary of the Columbia Valley viticultural area. The notice requested comments from all interested persons by August 7, 2000. ATF received no comments concerning these proposals. Evidence of Name Based on historical materials supplied by petitioners in their original petition, there is substantial evidence indicating that the extension to the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area was locally and/ or nationally known as Walla Walla Valley: (a) The original petition stated that Walla Walla Valley ``has been known as such since the time of settlement in the 1850's, even prior to the creation of the states of Oregon and Washington.'' (b) The Walla Walla Winegrowers noted the U.S.G.S. map of Walla Walla uses the name ``Walla Walla Valley'' to label an area that corresponds to the original viticultural area and places the name in a second location to the north of the original boundary, in the extended area being added. (c) Mr. Derby quoted Professor W. D. Lyman's History of Walla Walla County, published in 1901. Professor Lyman described the Walla Walla Valley as ``a large belt of agricultural land lying south of the Snake River and west of the Blue Mountains, extending across the Oregon Line on the south''--a description which fits the expanded area. Evidence of Boundaries The boundary of the original Walla Walla Valley viticultural area was limited to existing grape-growing areas for administrative reasons. In response to the new petitions, we reconsidered the evidence submitted in support of the original boundaries. Evidence provided in the original petition and in the new petitions show that the revised Walla Walla Valley viticultural area is delineated by boundaries corresponding to the following natural features:
On the southeast, by the point where the north and south branches of the Walla Walla River emerge from the mountainous Umatilla National Forest and join to form the Walla Walla River; On the north, by the drainage divide between the Walla Walla River and the Touchet River; and On the west, where the Walla Walla River empties into the Columbia River. Distinguishing Features According to the original petitioners and the petitioners in the current rulemaking, the entire Walla Walla Valley shares characteristics of topography, soil composition and climate that set it apart from the surrounding area. The evidence in the original petition was presented as applying to the entire valley, and not just to the area that ATF originally proposed for designation as the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area. Therefore, we will summarize the material that was originally published for comment in ATF Notice No. 471 on June 27, 1983 (48 FR 29541-29543), with the understanding that it applies equally to the extension of the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area. We will supplement this information with material supplied by the two petitions for extension. In his petition to extend the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area, Mr. Gaynor S. Derby quoted from an article titled ``Washington Wine and Dining'' published in the November 15, 1998, issue of Wine Spectator: Washington state straddles one of the world's great geological divides: the Cascade Range. To the west of its summits, the maritime influence of the Pacific is supreme, and copious rains produce lush evergreen forests. * * * To the east, the damp sea breezes are blocked, the air warms and vineyards flourish with water provided by the Columbia River. The result is a growing and dynamic wine region. * * * Topography The original petition quoted the State of Washington's Geology and Groundwater Resources of the Walla Walla River Basin, Washington- Oregon, published in 1965, to describe the topography of the area: ``In the Walla Walla River Basin, the main topographic unit is the valley plain, commonly called the Walla Walla Valley, which de[s]cends from about 1,500' at the foot of the mountain slopes to about 500' where the river cuts through the bedrock ridge near Divide. It lies astride the Oregon/Washington border.'' Like the original approved area, the extension to the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area ranges from 250 to 600 meters (820 to 1,968 feet) in elevation. It is drained by creeks that generally flow south and east into the Walla Walla River. North of the new boundary, the streams and creeks generally drain into the Touchet River, further to the north. Soil The original petition stated that the soils of the valley ``are classified by the Soil Conservation Service as Soils of Bottom Lands and Low Terraces, Soils of Loessal Uplands, Soils of Loessal and [[Page 11542]] Basaltic Uplands and Soils of Loessal and Lake-Laid Terraces, basically all loess derived soils.'' Most of these soils are classed as I or II irrigated capability units by the Soil Conservation Service. By contrast, the soils west of the Touchet River and along the Snake and Columbia Rivers are classified as Class IV and VI. Soils to the east in the Blue Mountains are considered not suitable for cultivation. We note the areas chosen for soil contrast are outside the expansion to the area. Climate As noted in the original petition, the climate of the Walla Walla Valley is distinctive because it has a growing season between 190 and 220 days, the longest within the surrounding six counties. The original petition contrasted places within the Walla Walla Valley with places outside of the valley. The places chosen for contrast included Dayton, Prescott, and Eltopia, Washington, all to the north of the northern extension to the viticultural area. The Walla Walla Valley receives an average of 12.5 inches of precipitation a year, light in the summer, increasing and peaking in the winter. The Columbia Basin to the west and north receives less than 10 inches of precipitation in a year, and the Blue Mountains to the east and southeast receive 25-45 inches. Again, the places chosen for contrast are outside the extension of the viticultural area. Boundaries This final rule revises the boundary of the Columbia Valley viticultural area (described in Sec. 9.74) and revises the boundary of the Walla Walla viticultural area (described in Sec. 9.91). U.S.G.S. Maps The Walla Walla Winegrowers provided appropriate U.S.G.S. maps with their proposed boundaries prominently marked. Executive Order 12866 It has been determined that this final rule is not a significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 12866. Accordingly, this final rule is not subject to the analysis required by this Executive Order. Regulatory Flexibility Act It is hereby certified that this regulation will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Any benefit derived from the use of a viticultural area name is the result of the proprietor's own efforts and consumer acceptance of wines from a particular area. No new recordkeeping or reporting requirements are imposed. Accordingly, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required. Paperwork Reduction Act The provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507) and its implementing regulations, 5 CFR part 1320, do not apply to this final rule because no requirement to collect information is imposed. Drafting Information The principal author of this document is Lisa M. Gesser, Regulations Division, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. List of Subjects in 27 CFR Part 9 Administrative practices and procedures, Consumer protection, Viticultural areas, and Wine. Authority and Issuance Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, part 9, American Viticultural Areas, is amended as follows: PART 9--AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 9 continues to read as follows: Authority: 27 U.S.C. 205. Par. 2. Section 9.74 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(43) and (c)(44) to read as follows: Sec. 9.74 Columbia Valley. * * * * * (c) * * * (43) Then southwest following Washington Highway 126 and U.S. Highway 12 through Marengo, Dayton, and Waitsburg to a point where an unnamed light-duty road leaves Highway 12 in an easterly direction in Minnick Station, Washington; (44) Then east following the unnamed light-duty road for approximately 250 feet until it reaches the 2000' contour line; * * * * * Par. 3. Section 9.91 is revised to read as follows: Sec. 9.91 Walla Walla Valley. (a) Name. The name of the viticultural area described in this section is ``Walla Walla Valley.'' (b) Approved maps. The appropriate maps for determining the boundaries of the Walla Walla Valley viticultural area are two U.S.G.S. maps, in the scale 1:100,000. They are entitled: (1) ``Walla Walla,'' Washington-Oregon, 1980 (2) ``Pendleton,'' Oregon-Washington, 1983 (c) Boundaries. The Walla Walla Valley viticultural area is located within Walla Walla County in Washington State and Umatilla County in Oregon. It is entirely within the Columbia Valley viticultural area. The boundaries are as follows: (1) The beginning point is on the Walla Walla quadrangle map, in T8N/37E, at the point where the 2,000 foot contour line intersects with an unnamed light duty road approximately 250 feet east of U.S. Highway 12 in Minnick, Washington (on maps measured in metric units, this elevation is between the 600 and 650 meter contour lines), (2) Then the boundary goes northwest in a straight line for 7 kilometers (km), until it intersects with a power line that runs between T8N and T9N, (3) Then the boundary follows the power line west for 8 km, where it diverges from the power line and goes west-southwest in a straight line for approximately 33 km to the intersection of 2 unnamed light duty roads in the area marked Ninemile Canyon in the southwest corner of T8N/R33E, (4) Then the boundary goes south-southwest in a straight line approximately 8 km, until it reaches U.S. Highway 12, about 2.5 km east of Reese, Washington, (5) Then the boundary goes south in a straight line for approximately 8 km, crossing the Washington-Oregon state line and moving onto the Pendleton U.S.G.S. map, where it meets the 450 m contour line in T6N/R32E, near an unnamed peak with an elevation of 461 m, (6) Then the boundary follows the 450 m contour line in a generally southeasterly direction until it intersects Dry Creek in T4N/R35E, (7) Then the boundary goes southeast along Dry Creek (Oregon) until it reaches the 2000 foot contour line, (8) Then the boundary follows the 2000 foot contour line in a generally northeasterly direction, crossing the Oregon-Washington state line and returning to the Walla Walla U.S.G.S map, until it reaches the point of beginning. Signed: October 31, 2000. Bradley A. Buckles, Director . Approved: November 14, 2000. Timothy E. Skud, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary, Regulatory, Tariff and Trade Enforcement. [FR Doc. 01-4646 Filed 2-23-01; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4810-31-P


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With their headlining appearance at the 2014 Hangout Music Fest drawing near, The Black Keys are letting fans hear "Turn Blue," the album they'll release next week.
It's busy time for The Black Keys, to say the least. This Saturday, they're due to perform on "Saturday Night Live." The official release date for "Turn Blue" is Tuesday, May 13, and the duo will headline headline the Hangout Fest on Friday, May 16. It is the act's only spring U.S. festival appearance before it heads off for a European tour.
"Turn Blue" can be heard on iTunes Radio. The service itself is free, but requirements include up-to-date iTunes or Apple TV software.
Rolling Stone has given the album a 4.5 star review (out of 5), describing it as "the best, most consistently gripping album the Keys have ever made." The review singled out the contributions of producer/keyboardist Brian "Danger Mouse" Burton, who added his keyboard playing to the core blues-rock of guitarist Dan Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney.
The Black Keys also recently released a video for "Fever," the first single from the album. And somewhere in the midst of it all, Carney found time to prank-call his own record label, posing as an unknown artist in search of a deal.


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Horner man arrested again in cold case
By Melissa Toothman
Staff Writer
WESTON – After charges were dismissed in November against three murder suspects in a 14-year-old double murder case in Weston, one man was arrested again Thursday in connection to the original charges, police said.
Joseph Edward Metz, 39, of Horner, was released from the Central Regional Jail on Nov. 8, 2013, after his two-count murder, robbery and kidnapping charges were dropped without prejudice, meaning they can be brought back up again.
Metz is now facing two counts of first- degree murder.
It was a legal technicality that got Metz and two other suspects, David Martin Hughes, 58, and Charles Steven Freeman, 51, both of Archbold, Ohio, released from jail – at least temporarily – after their original charges were dismissed.
Hughes was rearrested in December on the charge of conspiracy in relation to the case.
When asked why the new charges against Metz and Hughes differed from the original charges against them, Lewis County Prosecuting Attorney Michael Smith said that the March term of the Lewis County grand jury could ultimately make the decision.
It is still possible for additional charges in relation to the case to be brought forward, as the investigation is ongoing, Smith said. No charges had been filed against Freeman as of press time.
"The investigation is continuing vigorously," Smith said.
According to a Thursday press release from the Lewis County Sheriff's Department, Metz is accused of being responsible for the disappearances and murders of Mary Friend, 45, and Maxine Stalnaker, 69. Metz is the son of Friend and the grandson of Stalnaker.
"The arrest of Mr. Metz this morning will hopefully bring forth justice for Mary Friend and Maxine Stalnaker," Lewis County Sheriff Adam Gissy said in the release. "The terrible incident that occurred in December of 1999 has haunted the family and friends of these two innocent women, and we hope that through the adjudication process the defendant will be held accountable for his actions."
Metz was arrested, arraigned by Harrison County Magistrate Tammy Marple and then transported to the Central Regional Jail. Bond has not yet been set.
Marple was appointed to the case because Lewis County Magistrates Roger Clem and Michael Gissy both were previously involved in the investigation of the murder case and cannot be appointed to the case, according to previous reports.
The dismissal of the charges against three suspects in the case came after a defense attorney filed a motion stating that Upshur County Magistrate Mike Coffman, who handled the initial complaints against the three suspects, was working as a deputy sheriff in Lewis County at some period in the case's investigation.
Smith previously told The Inter-Mountain that the conflict would complicate the case and create the potential for an appellate court to overturn it.
Stalnaker and Friend were reported missing in December 1999. Their car was found in Harrison County a short time afterward. According to previous Lewis County Magistrate Court records, Hughes, who was the owner of the Wilderness Plantation at the time, allegedly conspired with Metz and Freeman to kidnap, rob and kill the two women.
According to court records, Hughes was concerned that Friend allegedly possessed a writing tablet with information about alleged illegal criminal activities relating to his business affairs. Metz and Freeman allegedly took the women from their home on Fox Run Road and transported them to another location on the Jesse Run Road. It was there that they allegedly took the purse and killed the women, according to court records. The purse was later recovered in 2002 by a fisherman in Lewis County.


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three forms of calcium in extracellular compartment
1. ionized Ca2+ - 50% (MET. ACTIVE)
2. bound to albumin - 40%
3. complexed with anions such as citrate and phosphate - 10%
total calcium measurement has to be adjusted ...
for every 1g/dL of serum albumin that deviates from 4mg/dL -> causes a 0.8 mg/dL variation in calcium
what the most important hormone for Ca regulation
-changes in serum Ca level will increase or decrease the levels PTH in a matter of minutes
PTH effects on bone
-stimulates bone turnover, activation of osteoclasts ->results in release of Ca into the circulation
effects of PTH on kidneys
1)inc reabsorption in the distal tubules
2)dec phosphate reabsorption in prox tubules
3) stimulation of the renal cortical enzyme 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE which causes:
25-hydroxy vit D ->to active 1,25 dihydroxy vit D
-this leads to inc absorption of Ca and PO in the gut
effects of PTH on intestines
indirect effect by increasing 1,25 dihydroxy vit D
-> inc Ca and PO in gut
how does vit D get into the curculation?
-oral ingestion
-via conversion of
7-dehydrocholestrol -> vit D via UV light
what happens to vit D from sun light?
in the liver it is converted to 25-hydroxy vit D
then in the renal cprtex it is converted to 1,25-dihydroxy vit D
what enzyme? and where?
25-hydroxy vit D -> 1,25 dihydroxy vit D
1- alpha-hydroxylase (renal cortex)
which form of vit D is active and what does it do?
1,25 dihydroxy vit D
-promotes Ca absorption in the gut
-dec PTH synthesis
-promotes PO absoption from gut
what is the difference between PTH and active vit D?
PTH -> inc Ca and dec PO
Vit D-> inc Ca and inc PO
most common presentation of hypercalcemia
most pts don't have syms until total Ca is over 12 md/dL
definitly have syms over 14 mg/dL
1. polyuria and polydypsia (causes DI)
2. hypercholremic acidosis
3. nephrocalcinosos
4. kidney stones
4. reversible renal failure
physical findings of hypercalcemia
1. often nothing special
2. depressed mental starus
3. decreased DTRs
4. neck masses (rare)
5. muscle weakness (esp. quads)
3 main mechanisms of pathophysiology of hypercalcemia
1. increased bone resorption
2. inc gut absorption of calcium
3. excessive renal reabsorption
most common cause of hypercalcemia (w dec. PTH)
malignancy related hypercalcemia (inpt)
-ligh calcium in the urine
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) pathophysiology
decreased perception of calcium by the calcium sensing receptors on the parathyroid gland and in teh kidney
low calcium in the urine
causes of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT)
70-80% of ppl are asymp
3: women:men
80% single parathyroid adenoma
15% have 4-gland hyperplasia
0.5% parathyroid carcinoma
indication for surgery for HPT
1. serum Ca >1mg/dL above upper limit of normal
2.presence of sign or symptoms of hypercalcemia
3. urine calcium >400 mg/24hrs
4. creatine clearance reduced below #0% of age0matched normal
5. decreased bone mineral density
6. pt under 50
7.vit D deficncy (not part of the national recommendations)
**8only one indication needed
general management issues with HPT
-avoid dehydrations
-avoid HCTZ (worsens hypercalcemia)
-keep active
-keep dietary intake modest
-check creatine clearance yearlly
check BMD yearly
MAH pathophysio mech:
1. direct bony met
2. elaboration of PTHrP
3. cytokine production associated with osteoclast activation: lymphotoxin, transforming growth factors, interlukins, TNF,
4. in creased active vit D production (lymphoma)
peptide responsible for the syndrome HHM (humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy)
-frequenctly with squamous cell cancers, renal cell and breast cancers
-PTH level suppressed for degree of hyper-Ca
-PTHrP mimics many of the bio actions of PTH
but does NOT stimulate renal hydroxylase therfore NO increase in vit D
lab eval for hypercalcemia
1. serum calcium (correct for albumin)
2. intact PTH level
3. 24 hr urine calcium normal: <250-300 mg/24hrs (4mg/kg/day)
dd of hypercalcemia:
intact PTH: high
1,25 vit D level: high
phosphorus: normal or low
PHTrP: low
primary hyperparathyroidism
dd of hypercalcemia:
intact PTH: low
1,25 vit D level: normal or low
phosphorus: normal or low
PHTrP: high
cancer (PTHrP)
dd of hypercalcemia:
intact PTH: normal or low
1,25 vit D level: high
phosphorus: high
PHTrP: low
granulomas (sarcodosis)
tx of hypercalcemia
1st: enhance renal Ca excretion-> lasix and IV fluid
2nd: inhibit bone resorption (inhibit oseoclasts)
->mithramycin-a cytotoxic ABX that inhibits RNA syn thereby inhibiting osteoclasts (not used very often b/c of toxicity)
3rd: inhibit gut absorption -> glucocorticoids
other: oral phosphate therapy
symptoms of hypocalcemia
1. paresthesias
2. muscle cramps
3. neuromuscular excitation: tetany
4. bronchospasm
5. laryngeal stridor
6. seizures
7. basal ganglia calcifications -> parkinson's
signs of hypocalcemia
1. cataracts
2. chvostek's sign (tap on facial nerve)
3. trousseau's sign (hold BP cuff 20mg aboce systolic BP for 3min)
4. hyperreflexia
5. prolonged QT interval
causes of hypocalcemia:
low Ca and low PTH
-DiGeorge Syndrom (congenital aplasia)
-functional: severe hypomagnesium
Hungry bone syndrome
causes of hypocalcemia:
low Ca and high PTH
-lack of sunshine
-liver disease
-anv renal failure
-anticonvulsants- Phenytoin
-VIT D dept Rickets (type 1)
-VIT D resistance ?????
tx of hypocalcemia
-what else to check
-goal:keep serum CA at the lower range of normal
-always check serum Mg
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text:
Still, the scourge of public censure must sting the pride of a man who cultivated a stainless public persona. "He'd always preached to his proteges that character was what you did when no one was watching," writes Vernon Loeb of The Washington Post.
Petraeus also preached about the significance of spirituality, according to Army Chaplain Col. Brent Causey, who spent 13 months with the general in Afghanistan. At least four in 10 service-members stationed there attended chapel, Causey said.
"It was a reflection of Gen. Petraeus and his leadership in placing importance on spirituality," Causey told Baptist Press last year. "Gen. Petraeus focused on everyone's spirituality, not just Christianity."
Asked on Tuesday about Petraeus' own faith, Causey, who now serves with the Army Corp of Engineers in Washington, said, "Sorry, I'm not allowed to talk about that," and quickly hung up.
Breasseale, who worked with Petraeus, said he never heard the general express particular religious or political preferences.
Petraeus has never been beloved by anti-war liberals, though, especially those who see evangelical Christianity creeping over the military's church-state wall.
The Military Religious Freedom Foundation chided the general for endorsing Under Orders: A Spiritual Handbook for Military Personnel, a book by former military chaplain William McCoy that the foundation says promotes Christianity and denigrates non-religious soldiers.
If Petraeus still harbors political aspirations, now might a good time for him to get religion and read that book. "If he licks his wounds and is seen praying humbly at his local church and does the right thing by his wife and family, America will probably forgive him," wrote Jon Lee Anderson of The New Yorker.


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After taking Commodore Perry FCU's exam appeal all the way to the NCUA board, Thomas Renz now has his sights set on risk-based capital.
NCUA Chairman Debbie Matz has granted the $32 million Commodore Perry Federal Credit Union a 60-day extension on its Supervisory Review Committee appeal, according to President Tom Renz.
Ohio credit considering next move in appeal of case alleging harassment, bullying by NCUA examiner.
It may as well have been called the "Larry Fazio Show" on the NCUA Virtual Town Hall online broadcast Thursday.


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Giuliana and Bill Rancic's Baby Boy Edward Duke Is 10 Weeks Ol
Happy 10th, Edward Duke Rancic!
That's 10 weeks for those of you keeping up with the milestones of Giuliana and Bill Rancic's adorable baby boy, who officially turns two and a half months old today. The doting duo welcomed their son on Aug. 30.
And as a special treat, the proud parents have provided E! News with an exclusive photo of the little guy who we swear gets cuter by the day.
While we marvel at those big beautiful eyes and that super-sweet gaze, Duke has also celebrated some other important milestones in his brand-new, very exciting life when he was baptized. Before that, the little guycelebrated his first Halloween.
But luckily, Giuliana's return to TV (the E! News host was officially back on the tube with new cohost Terrence Jenkins last night) means we get an extra dose of baby D dish, and tonight on Giuliana & Bill, the couple reveal how they came to chose Edward Duke's moniker on their babymoon in Vail, Colorado.
Quoting sara_7106:
So cute. I think he looks like Bill


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BOURNE – There won't be a trip back to the Garden for Cathedral High School's hockey team.
Cathedral's star-crossed season ended in disappointment Sunday when Marshfield defeated the Panthers in the Division I South title game, 4-1, at Gallo Arena.
Cathedral closed its season with a record of 14-11-1.
The Division I South tournament was a consolation prize for the Panthers after they were ousted from the Division IA Super 8 tournament in a 5-2 loss to Woburn. After rolling to easy wins over Natick and Duxbury, the Panthers were primed for a repeat of two years ago when they captured the Division I state championship at TD Garden in Boston.
But they were just not the same team against Marshfield. Cathedral did not play with discipline and the Panthers were forced to play catch-up right from the start.
"They came out hard, we came out hard, but they got that all-important first goal,'' Cathedral coach Brian Foley said.
Marshfield capitalized on the momentum of a two-goal first period and got stronger as the game went on. The Panthers pressed, but they had trouble staying out of the penalty box, which hurt them.
"Once they got those two goals, it gave them the confidence they needed to carry them through the rest of the game,'' Foley said. "They are a good skating team.''
Goaltender Zac Rondeau, who has drawn attention from NHL scouts, had a short work night. He was pulled in favor of Evan Moorhouse after Jimmy Connors scored his second goal of the contest to put Marshfield on top 4-0.
"It wasn't anything Zac did or didn't do – we just wanted to change the momentum of the game,'' Foley said. "Evan came in and did a great job to keep us in it.''
The Panthers had not given up a goal since the second period of their Super 8 loss to Woburn and Rondeau pinned shutouts on both Natick and Duxbury. Cathedral's defense had trouble handling Marshfield's speed, which was a surprise given that the Panthers played well against some of the Commonwealth's top high school teams all season.
Kemo Williams scored for Cathedral. He connected on a two-man power play 27 seconds into the third period to make it 4-1.
Connors collected his second goal at 9:03 of the second period to put the Panthers in a 4-0 hole. Chris Perry struck midway through the second period to give Marshfield a 3-0 edge.
Nothing went right for Cathedral during the second period. Marshfield was able to dictate the tempo and Cathedral was never really able to get back in the game.
Cathedral fell behind 2-0 after the first period. But the Panthers probably deserved a better fate.
For most of the period, the Panthers applied heavy pressure on Marshfield. But Kyle Moran made point-blank saves off Thomas Quinlan and Matt Peloquin to keep the game scoreless.
It stayed that way until the 5:47 mark when Marshfield struck first. Mike Carbone opened the scoring to end a run of 11 unanswered goals by the Panthers..
Rondeau appeared to be screened when Carbone took a shot from just inside the blue line. Rondeau went down to try to follow the path of the puck, but Corbin picked his spot and sent a slap shot into the upper left corner of the net for a 1-0 lead.
Cathedral ran into penalty problems later in the period and Marshfield took advantage. Marshfield scored one second into a two-man advantage that lasted for 1 minute, 10 seconds.
Perry fired a shot from the high slot that was rejected by Rondeau. But Connors popped in the rebound for a power-play goal that provided Marshfield with a 2-0 advantage.
"That was a tough way to start,'' Foley said.
Cathedral outshot Marshfield, 10-8 during the opening period.


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NEW YORK -- Kim Clijsters wrapped her hands around the U.S. Open championship trophy and held it aloft, high enough for the principals of her new life, her husband and daughter, to see the crown jewel of her old life.
Minutes later, the two spheres combined. Clijsters' 1-year-old daughter Jada toddled out on the court and touched the trophy. Her husband, Brian Lynch, a Christian Brothers Academy graduate, walked over. All three posed with the bauble.
Then Jada went back to tumbling all over Arthur Ashe Stadium.
The crowd cooed, because four years after she first won her only Grand Slam title here and two years after she retired from tennis, Clijsters defeated No. 9 Caroline Wozniacki, 7-5, 6-3 in the sleepy, steady finale of a madcap tournament. Injuries prevented Clijsters from preserving the title she won here in 2005. So her victory last night provided a bow-tie for her serendipitous comeback.
"I don't have words for this," Clijsters said. "I'm just glad I got to come back and defend my title from 2005."
When Clijsters first held this trophy, she was single and childless and a bit of a head case on the court. Before 2005, she folded in big moments and lost her first four Grand Slam finals matches.
Now she's married and a mother. She was the most composed player in a women's tournament overcrowded with wilting challengers early and marred by Serena Williams' controversial outburst late.
And to think, this all began by accident.
Earlier this year, Clijsters was invited to play a mixed doubles exhibition at Wimbledon. The exhibition was scheduled for May and it would serve as a demo for the new roof at the All England Club.
Clijsters accepted. To make sure she didn't embarrass herself, she started working out again. The game came back to her and a fire lit. Clijsters realized she wanted to come back. She linked up with old coach Wim Fisette and hunkered down.
She spent all spring and summer training, entered a couple hard-court tournaments in August. She played good, not great. But she felt ready for a Grand Slam appearance.
In Flushing Meadows, things broke her way. Her early draw was favorable and allowed her to gain confidence. The top seeds all collapsed. Clijsters knocked off both Williams sisters.
"I feel that Kim played an incredible match," Serena Williams said Saturday night, after her last-minute tirade at a line judge marred Clijsters' semifinals upset.
She looked calm. She looked nimble. She looked like her old self. Maybe better.
But Wozniacki, a 19-year-old Dane, made it tough last night. She broke Clijsters three times and won a batch of tough first-set games to take a 4-2 lead. Her dipping, precise shots confounded Clijsters and induced 34 errors.
"Caroline's such a great fighter," Clijsters said.
But Clijsters was better. Her serve straightened out and she began pounding winners. Her athleticism and Wozniacki's counter-punching style meant Clijsters could control rallies and control the pace of the match.
"She played a great match," Wozniacki said. "She deserved this trophy."
After 93 minutes of work, Clijsters could hold that old trophy. On the match's final point, Clijsters crushed her final winner and crumbled to the ground. Her face, both steely and serene for the past two weeks, broke into sobs. She pulled herself off the floor and waved to the crowd.
She mouthed "I love you" to her husband and jogged over to the box holding all her friends. She climbed the railing and hugged them all. In a separate section, a nanny held Jada, her mouth plugged with a pacifier. The family wanted her to see this.
"We tried to plan her nap time a little bit later today," Clijsters said. "So she could be here today."


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Just click on the "Post a comment" link below to share your thoughts with other art fair visitors and the world at large. We welcome digital photos, too; email a JPEG to email@example.com.
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Moving On welcomes new members
WEIRTON – Moving On, a group of widows and widowers, met June 9 for their luncheon and meeting at Undo's with President Norma Boni presiding.
Fred Vogt gave the blessing; Eleanor Cooper read a poem about "the ragged old flag" in regards to Flag Day; and Christine Brown gave a reading on "living life" to appreciate the little things in life.
June birthdays were acknowledged.
Newest members to join were Jeannette Spear, Barbara Mayers and Darlene Roe.
Guests attending were Dorothy Alrutz, Madeline Sperry, Janet Kaldaugh, John Knight and Anita Spadafore.
Entertainment was provided by the Thermes Women, who sang religious and patriotic songs.
Tables were decorated with bears with a flag on plates and candies donated by Eleanor Cooper, Bonnie James and Nancy Martino.
Madeline Michael Boulson and Lucretia "Toots" Ross conducted the 50/50 drawing won by Norma Jean Boni. Undo gift certificates went to Jack Davis and Helen Parrish.
A massage from Schrickel Health and Wellness Center went to Katy Rosohac; and a calculator to Julie Coughlin. Table prizes were won by Davis, Cecelia Arrico, Cindy Gilbert, Christine Brown, Janet Gillham and Coughlin.
Carol Zagula discussed day trips and suggestions for the organization.
Ross gave the secretarial report and Margaret Chapman's treasurer's report.
The next meeting will be held July 14 at Undo's. The cost is $12 for dinner and $10 for dues.
Those interested in joining can contact Janet Saner at (740) 537-4487.


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The Pearl River girls soccer team may have entered the postseason flying under the radar, lost in the shadows among several other teams in St. Tammany Parish such as Division I powers St. Scholastica, Fontainebleau and Mandeville. However, after handily defeating East Jefferson, 11-1, in the first round of the Division II state playoffs on Friday night, the 15th-seeded Rebels have earned the right to appear on an even bigger stage.
For the regional round, they will travel to Lafayette to take on No. 2 St. Thomas More, which received a first round bye.
"Our confidence level is pretty high," Pearl River's Madison Roye said. "We aren't too full of ourselves, just positive about what we are capable of doing."
That self belief was at an all-time high as Roye and teammate Alicia Graham each recorded hat tricks for Pearl River. The Rebels wanted appeared to make a statement from the start and led 6-0 at halftime.
Within a span of eight minutes, Roye notched her hat trick, and it also happened to be her second, third and fourth goals of the season. There were several factors which developed that helped her make an impact in the contest.
"They don't have a soccer club past age 13 and this is the first time that a lot of them are playing ball in high school," Pearl River Coach Renee Pando said. "They know they might not be the best team in the state, but they come to practice, fight hard in the matches, and give it their very best. The girls have a lot to be proud of, and they want to keep playing."
To accomplish that goal, the Rebels will face a test in St. Thomas More. It's another opportunity for the Rebels to build on. There are some similarities between the two schools as both have been in the playoffs the past four seasons, and reached the quarterfinals last season. A significant difference is that St. Thomas More had been in Division I during that stretch but now resides in Division II.
"It's nice being the underdog because no one expects you to win," Graham said. "But, when you go in there and play a very close game, doing well, it feels very good. That's what gets a team the recognition. I think we've been developing a good program here for quite a few years, and we do feel it is our time to shine. We get left in the shadow of other schools, but we are showing we deserve some attention."
Pat Mashburn can be reached at email@example.com or 504.826.3405.


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Chinese sporting hero Li Na overcame early jitters to defeat Slovakia's Dominika Cibulkova 7-6 (7-3), 6-0 in Saturday night's Australian Open final, a victory that cements her place in tennis history.
The late bloomer finally lifted up the trophy at this major hard-court event after losing in the final in 2011 and 2013, finding her game after winning a tight first set to cruise to her second Grand Slam title.
Li, who will turn 32 on Feb. 26, became the fourth player to win this event after saving a match point, a feat also accomplished by Monica Seles (1991), Jennifer Capriati (2002) and Serena Williams (2003 and 2005).
The Chinese star was one point away from defeat in her third-round match against Czech Lucie Safarova, but she rallied for a 1-6, 7-6 (7-2), 6-3 win.
She also joined a group of just seven other women who have won a Grand Slam title in the Open Era after the age of 30: Serena Williams (4), Margaret Court (3), Martina Navratilova (3), Billie Jean King (2), Anna Jones (1), Virginia Wade (1) and Chris Evert (2).
Li jumped out to a 2-0 lead against an opponent who was competing in her first Grand Slam final and clearly rattled by the big occasion.
But Li then started to show some nerves herself, committing a barrage of unforced errors to hand back the service break in the set, which came down to a tiebreaker.
The world No. 4 played aggressively but under control to take that "breaker" handily, and that proved to be the key turning point in the contest.
After needing an hour and 10 minutes to win the first set, Li drastically reduced her unforced-error count and began swinging away freely and firing forehand and backhand winners to all parts of the court to take the second set in a "bagel."
She wrapped up victory in one hour and 27 minutes when Cibulkova, the No. 20 seed, sent a ground stroke over the baseline.
In an entertaining post-match press conference, the world No. 4 had the crowd laughing non-stop with remarks about her husband and agent.
"Max, agent, make me rich, thanks a lot" she deadpanned.
She then said of her husband: "You're famous in China. Thanks him with everything, traveling with me as my hitting partner. Fixes my drink, fixes my racquet ... So thanks a lot, you're a nice guy ... also, you're so lucky."
Li won the tournament without facing any of the tournament's top 16 seeds, her path cleared when world No. 1 Serena Williams, world No. 2 Victoria Azarenka and third-ranked Maria Sharapova were upset.
She lost the Australian Open final in 2011 to Belgium's Kim Clijsters and last year to Azarenka, both times in three sets.
Li's other major championship came at the French Open in 2011, when she became the first Asian player to win a Grand Slam title.
Cibulkova, for her part, reached the final with wins over 16th-seeded Carla Suarez, third-seeded Maria Sharapova, 11th-seeded Simona Halep and fifth-seeded Agnieszka Radwanska.
The diminutive Slovak played an entertaining, aggressive style in her first six matches, but struggled to get any offense going in the final due to nerves and Li's power. EFE


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You'd be hard-pressed to find a player in the rookie-level Arizona League more appreciative of the opportunity than Todt Hill resident Danny Masiello Jr.
The Dowling College catcher signed a free-agent contract with the San Diego Padres and has spent the better part of the last two weeks breaking into the professional ranks in the scorching desert heat.
"There's always a need for catchers," said Masiello, a St. Peter's HS product. "That was really the hook to my being here. It's really a learning experience and an opportunity that a lot of people wish they could have. It's unbelievable, a dream come true.
"It's not like I was a high draft pick or anything where you expect a lot. I'm just working as hard as I can and giving every ounce of effort that I can."
Masiello was an outstanding student at Dowling, compiling a 3.3 grade-point average while earning a degree in finance with a psychology minor.
Now he's putting all his energy into playing baseball as the 56-game season started Thursday night. The 13-team circuit operates in the Phoenix area and the Padres' affiliate shares the Peoria Sports Complex with the Mariners.
"There's a lot of raw talent where a lot of guys aren't as polished yet," said Masiello of the typical pitcher. "They have live arms, that's for sure. In college you might run into a handful of guys that throw over 90 mph, but here it's pretty much the norm. You find guys throwing upwards of 96-97 mph with upper 80s breaking balls. So it's an adjustment, especially at the plate."
Masiello was listed at 5-foot-8, 185 pounds at Dowling.
Not true.
"I'm 5-6," said the stocky Masiello. "There were plenty of times in high school and college where I got all that kind of stuff. 'Too small' and this and that. It's funny that the least I've heard of that is out here. If you're here, you're here for a reason."
Now, about that heat?
"It's 109 on average," said Masiello. "I went into a gas station the other day and a woman said that in August it might pump up to around 118."
Masiello's one guy you won't hear complaining.


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Officials have released the identity of the man they believe stabbed his 18-year-old ex-girlfriend before taking his own life in a Jersey City Heights apartment Thursday.
Luis Alfredo Barba, 27, of Jersey City, was found in the kitchen area of the Palisade Avenue home, along with the body of Maria Peralta, Hudson County Prosecutor's Office spokesman Gene Rubino said yesterday. Officials had delayed releasing his name until the next of kin was notified.
Peralta had stab wounds to her head and torso and Barba had at least one stab wound to the chest, Rubino said.
The pair had recently broken up and Barba contacted Peralta Wednesday night, asking her to come to the apartment to pick up her belongings, Rubino said.
A friend of the victim dropped her off but later became concerned after not being able to contact the teen, he said. When the friend went to the apartment Thursday morning, she peered through a kitchen window and saw Peralta's foot on the apartment floor.
Officials arrived on scene just after 9 a.m. and found the bodies.


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10 under-the-radar movies for summer 2013
Seek out these counter-programming entries during the hot months
"Frances Ha"
Director: Noah Baumbach
Stars: Greta Gerwig, Adam Driver, Mickey Sumner, Michael Zegen
In theaters: May 17
Why it should be on your radar: Awards watchers might want to take in Noah Baumbach's latest at some point this summer as I imagine it could swing back around at the end of the year. Particularly, Greta Gerwig's springy performance will be a talking point for many as this black-and-white slice -- call it Woody Allen by way of Williamsburg -- zips along and finds some profound thematic turf. I would call it Baumbach's best work to date and a nice antidote, if nothing else, to the high concept onslaught of summer movies.
- Kristopher Tapley
Photo Credit: IFC Films


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HOLYOKE -- City Councilor Anthony Soto wants the city to hire a consultant to evaluate the Fire Department and analyze costs in relation to other communities' departments.
Soto, a former Fire Commission member who has criticized the Fire Department previously, said Wednesday it is a good time for such an analysis of the department's structure and responsibilities. Officials are preparing the city budget for the next fiscal year amid heightened concerns about the city lacking revenue.
"This is the perfect time. It'll show the taxpayers that we are really looking out for them, looking out for their tax dollars," said Soto, the Ward 2 councilor.
Soto proposed the order at the Jan. 21 meeting and the council referred it to the Public Safety Committee.
Mayor Alex B. Morse said he was open to getting the Fire Department evaluated.
"I think it is a useful exercise to examine ourselves and our departments from time to time to see if there are opportunities for savings or increased efficiencies," Morse said.
Soto also repeated a criticism that he believes the Fire Department is operating "top heavy" with more superior officers than is necessary, which Fire Chief John A. Pond disputes.
The department has 110 uniformed personnel, consisting of 73 firefighters, 22 lieutenants, nine captains, five deputy chiefs and the chief, Pond said.
The Fire Department budget at the beginning of the fiscal year on July 1 was $8.2 million within the city budget of $123.6 million.
"The Holyoke Fire Department is staffed 24 hours a day, seven days a week," Pond said.
The department responds to fires, vehicle accidents, medical emergencies,
hazardous-materials cases and other calls, as well as providing fire prevention and safety programs such as in the schools, he said.
To maintain round-the-clock coverage of the seven city wards, the department uses shifts of four groups -- A, B, C and D -- with each group comprised of 23 firefighters, he said.
The firefighters staff five engine companies and two truck companies. During an incident
each engine and truck company works as an independent team under the
direction of a deputy chief who is the incident commander. Each team has an officer in charge and two or three firefighters, he said.
The National Fire Protection Association recommends an engine company be staffed with a minimum of four firefighters, but to save money, the department has used a minimum of three per truck, he said. The association is a nonprofit group founded in 1896 that recommends codes and standards.


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Bielefeldt, Christiane, Ben Shabat, E, Condie, Helen, Rotem, A, Haj-Salem, H, Ramananjaona, C, Middelham, F and Ernhofer, O (2007) EURAMP (European Ramp Metering Project). Deliverable 6.3: Evaluation results. Project Report. EURAMP, Edinburgh.Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)
This deliverable presents the Evaluation Results for the demonstration of [motorway] ramp metering strategies in EURAMP.
Demonstrations were conducted in Munich, Utrecht, Paris and Tel Aviv with a range of different ramp metering algortithms and strategies.
The impact and socio-economic assessment showed that ramp metering could improve travel times and benefits over the No Control base case in Paris and Tel Aviv, while in Utrecht ramp delays outweighed the time advantages achieved on the motorway. In all cases, where benefits could be achieved, they led to very high cost-benefit ratios of uo to 10.3.
From the various control strategies used, the Coordinated Strategy showed the best results. [In] a comparison bewteen the 1 car-per-green and the 2 car-per-green metering strategy used in Utrecht, 2 cars-per-green showed the better results in four out of five cases.
The safety assessment could not show an accident reduction in Utrecht, while the risk analysis carried out by INRETS showed a significant improvement.
User acceptance was high for both operators and the general public.
|Item Type:
|Monograph (Project Report)
|Related URLs:
|Additional Information:
|Contract start date: 1-3-2004 Contract due date: 31-05-2007 D6.3
|Uncontrolled Keywords:
|Ramp metering; Motorway access; Traffic control; Field trials; Assessment;
|University Divisions/Research Centres:
|Edinburgh Napier University, Transport Research Institute
|Dewey Decimal Subjects:
|600 Technology > 620 Engineering > 625 Engineering of railroads & roads
300 Social sciences > 380 Commerce, communications & transportation > 388 Transportation; ground transportation
|Library of Congress Subjects:
|T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements
H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications
|Item ID:
|Depositing User:
|RAE Import
|Date Deposited:
|09 Jun 2008 10:23
|Last Modified:
|23 Sep 2015 09:31
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Last time the Alabama Democrats skirted an elephant in the room like this, that pachyderm had GOP tattooed on its side.
And it trampled them. All the way to complete control of the Alabama Legislature.
Today the elephant in the Democrats' room is something that may be just as formidable. It is ... race. And it has stomped all over them, too.
I know, I know. Democrats supporting former party chairman Mark Kennedy gathered in Birmingham today to boast of a brighter future, to cheer the formation of a new group designed to finance and promote qualified candidates for public office and for spots on the Alabama Democratic Executive Committee.
It was a veritable pep rally as the crowd cheered for inclusion and competency, reveling in a party to welcome black people and white people, gay people and straight people, young people, old people, Christians, Jews and all those who need a political place to land.
Kennedy and crew said all the right things.
But they didn't say everything.
Because Kennedy would never have stepped aside as chairman if the Party of the Big Tent really had enough tent for all. There would be no need for a split if the Party of Inclusion had been ... inclusive.
And none of this would have happened if not for the blatant politics of race. It would not have been necessary – let's be real – without Nikki Still.
You remember Still? She was a candidate for a Jefferson County judgeship who finished second in her party primary. When the first place finisher was disqualified, the Alabama Democratic Executive Committee met and ...
The rest is disturbing history.
The committee – controlled in large part by Joe Reed, the powerful lightning-rod leader of the black wing of the party -- refused to appoint Still to the judgeship because she is white. Really.
They chose a black woman candidate – one who did not even run in the primary – because the first-place finisher was a black woman.
It was a powerful message of racial politics, from the party that claims to have a big umbrella.
Of course, the split wouldn't have happened without Patricia Todd, either. Todd is a white woman from Birmingham, the first openly gay member of the Alabama Legislature and a representative who has gained grudging respect from Democrats and Republicans alike.
Reed tried – and failed – to have Todd kicked out of office.
Because, as he saw it, a white woman had no business representing a majority black district. Even if it was the majority black district that elected her.
Of course Reed also argued that the new head of the Democratic Party must be white, because that person is put there to attract whites.
It continues to be politics based on race. Life, that is, based on race.
So the Alabama Democratic Party stumbled along, becoming a symbol of politics gone horribly
wrong. A symbol, really, of all the things likely Democrats won't abide.
It is not surprising, now, that Kennedy and his backers will
try to gain control of the party. Even if they must try to build a new party by blowing the old one up.
But they are doing it without really talking about that elephant lumbering across the room.
Racism. Intolerance. Prejudice.
Anyone can see it. It's just that few say it out loud.
Last week, as news of the spat between Kennedy and Reed emerged, I conducted an internet poll on AL.com. It is, of course, as unscientific as any internet poll, but the responses were telling.
Of about 500 people who initially answered, more than 60 percent said no one will be able lead the Alabama Democratic Party until it becomes less about race and more about ideology.
Until that happens, Alabama will never be a two-party state.
John Archibald's column appears Sundays, Wednesdays and Fridays in the Birmingham News, and on AL.com. Email him at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (iNEMI), released a statement Monday indicating that the majority of its OEM and EMS members strongly support unique part numbers for BGA (ball grid array) components to differentiate any lead-free ball metallurgies other than SAC 305 or SAC 405, including low silver, added dopants such as nickel and other SAC (or non SAC) alloy compositions.
iNEMI members supporting the position include 3M, Agilent Technologies Inc., Alcatel-Lucent, Analogic, Celestica, Delphi Electronics and Safety, Huawei Technologies Intel, Jabil Circuit, Microsoft, Micro Systems Engineering, Plexus, Sanmina-SCI, Solectron and Tyco Electronics.
iNEMI notes that many suppliers are moving away from SAC 305 and 405 ball metallurgies in order to improve the ability to survive mechanical shock drop tests of portable products. Changes include reductions in silver down to as low as 0.3 percent and the addition of other metals such as nickel. In response to these changes, iNEMI has asked that component manufacturers issue new part numbers when they vary the metallurgy. A change in metallurgy without the ability to track the change through MPNs (manufacturing part numbers) will only make Pb-free conversion more difficult and could delay the process, says Mike Davisson, RoHS technical program manager at Agilent Technologies.
iNEMI CEO, Jim McElroy notes that his members are concerned that changes in metallurgies that are not accompanied by unique part numbers can affect manufacturing processes. It is inevitable that solder ball metallurgies will change as industry learns more about the performance of Pb-free technologies. However, use of these different compositions will most likely require changes in reflow profiles and corresponding adjustments to the assembly process.
As an example, he notes that lower-silver compositions directly affect manufacturing. The lower-silver compositions have a higher melting point than SAC 305/405 alloys, which moves the melting range higher, says McElroy. Based on assembly process margins, especially for large complex boards, low-silver compositions could also impact the MSL rating. In order to maintain reliable assembly processes, manufacturers must know the metallurgical characteristics of the components they are using and be able to differentiate parts.
Peter Tomaiuolo, corporate technology director for Celestica agrees. Knowing what metallurgy is used by a particular manufacturer is not enough, says Tomaiuolo. It is equally or more important to be able to identify and track this difference on our manufacturing floors. We also would like component suppliers to proactively declare the timelines of proposed changes to device construction, including sphere metallurgy, ahead of the MPN and PCN (part change notice) release.
For additional information and further discussion about transitioning to alternate metallurgies, see the EMS Forums article, Guidelines for Suppliers Transitioning to RoHS Compliant Ball Grid Array (BGA) Packages with Low-Ag SAC Alloys.


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