text:
4 460 jobs
74 ms
Within a radius of km of
Filter by date ▼
Last 24 hours
Last 3 days
Last 7 days
Last 30 days
Filter by source ▼
Job boards
Placement agencies
Jobs » Mechanical Executive
Jobs 1 - 10 of 4460
Mechanical Executive jobs
There are 4,424 Mechanical Executive-related jobs on Neuvoo India. Submit your application now and get the job of your dreams.
Job descriptions and categories including this search
Examples of corresponding vacancies are Help care and support, Supervisor Joiners, Plumber plumber, Fountain Server, Bindery Worker or Business IT Intern. These vacancies are often related to categories like IT, Management, Services, Sales, Customer Service or Computer.
Employment statistics
Regions with the largest number of job vacancies related to 'Mechanical Executive' are Maharashtra, Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat or Delhi. Cities with the largest number of results are Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai, Pune or New Delhi.
Top employers offering Mechanical Executive jobs
Corporations offering the most Mechanical Executive-related jobs are THOMSON REUTERS CORPORATION, The Hrism., Dev Solutions India, CLICK LABS, Digitex Web IT Solutions Pvt Ltd or TUMMALA INFRASTRUCTURE LTD.
Neuvoo India: the the largest job board across India
Neuvoo India is the largest job search website in the country with over 1735639 vacancies available, 4,424 of which are Mechanical Executive-related.Show more...
Career Age |
Noida, Uttar Pradesh
- 11d ago
Hi,. we have urgent required for on of my client based on Noida & Ghaziabad .Sales Executive for... Required. B.Tech(Mechanical). Profile Sales(Mechanical Sector). Exp. 2 3 years. Salary. 20 25k or As for...
Secure |
Udaipur, Rajasthan
- 6d ago
Electronics. Functional Area. Engineering Design, R&D. Role Category. R&D Executive. Role. R&D Executive... R&D Executive. Keyskills. Vendor DevelopmentsourcingNPI BuyerSolid worksB.E. B.Tech in Mechanicaldiploma...
Kraheja Corp |
Mumbai, Maharashtra
- 11d ago
Functional Area. Supply Chain, Logistics, Purchase, Materials. Role Category. Purchase Executive. Role... Rate analysis, Labour indices, Budgeting. Mechanical Packages, MEP, HVAC, AMC handling. Education UG...
Kraheja Corp |
Mumbai, Maharashtra
- 11d ago
Functional Area. Supply Chain, Logistics, Purchase, Materials. Role Category. Purchase Executive. Role... Rate analysis, Labour indices, Budgeting. Mechanical Packages, MEP, HVAC, AMC handling. Education UG...
Dilip Buildcon Ltd |
(Unspecified city)
- 1d ago
Education UG. Any Graduate. Any Specialization, B.Tech B.E. Any Specialization, Mechanical, Diploma... Mechanical. Doctorate. Doctorate Not...
Kochi, Kerala
- 1d ago
Job Description. Design and optimization of mechanical components for electric water heaters. Design... Self motivated and organized. Category Manufacturing and Production Career Level Executive Hiring...
Adecco India |
Bharuch, Gujarat
- 8d ago
Role Category Production Manufacturing Maintenance. Role Service Maintenance Supervisor. Desired Candidate Profile. Education. UG. B.Tech B.E. Mechanical. PG Any Postgraduate...
Seagate Technology |
Bangalore, Karnataka
- 5d ago
Our performance management process ensures strong results for Seagate. It connects the strategic planning of our executive team to functional objectives and individual goals. Together, you and...
Never miss a job. Get new jobs emailed to you everyday.
Related search
Andhra Pradesh (30)
Assam (9)
Bihar (10)
Chandigarh (21)
Chhattisgarh (16)
Delhi (308)
Gujarat (388)
Haryana (207)
Himachal Pradesh (13)
Jharkhand (37)
Karnataka (584)
Kerala (41)
Madhya Pradesh (62)
Maharashtra (1185)
Odisha (40)
Puducherry (13)
Punjab (31)
Rajasthan (70)
Tamil Nadu (448)
Telangana (125)
Uttar Pradesh (143)
Uttarakhand (38)
West Bengal (149)


text:
The Wave Chapters 1-4
In this history worksheet, students complete the questions for the book study of The Wave. They also define the words from the list given.
9th - 12th Social Studies & History 3 Views 4 Downloads
Resource Details
Start Your Free Trial
Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free
World War I Causes Project
After completing this detailed and well-designed project, your young historians will be well-versed in their explanations of the reasons that various countries joined World War I! Learners design a picture book covering seven primary...
9th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable
The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceana, and Antarctica
What people groups originally settled in Australia and Oceania, and how do their geography and history affect the regions' cultural makeup? Here you'll find a traditional textbook chapter covering these topics, including informational...
6th - 9th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable
Plessy v. Ferguson & the Roots of Segregation
How far in the past do the roots of Jim Crow and segregation extend? Your young historians will closely consider this question using detailed PowerPoint slides as a basis for discussion rather than lecture, and culminating in an activity...
9th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable
The Split Over Suffrage
Compare and contrast Frederick Douglass's and the National Women's Suffrage Association's stances on equal rights and suffrage with a series of documents and worksheets. Learners work together or independently to complete the packet, and...
11th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable
Emotional Intelligence
Provide teenagers with the social skills they need to live happy lives with this collection of worksheets and activities. Covering a variety of topics from self-awareness and assertiveness, to stress management and problem solving, this...
5th - 12th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable
Celebrate Freedom Week: The Declaration of Independence
Find your next great activity for studying the Declaration of Independence and the concept of unalienable rights. It includes background information on the writing of this momentous document, as well vocabulary, worksheets and graphic...
5th - 11th Social Studies & History CCSS: Adaptable
A Positive Spin
Study word choice and connotation in advertising. Readers examine campaign ads, both negative and positive, from the 2006 mid-term election before discussing an article and analyze a campaign of any candidate they choose. Finally, they...
6th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Who Could Have Been Who
Can word choice affect a candidate's likeability? Use a New York Times lesson to explore how a presidential candidate's likeability factor can fluctuate in public opinion polls. Young readers choose a presidential election from their...
6th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Remembrance of Things Past
Engage critical and social thinking by exploring the value of language and word choice. The class considers the article "The Silence of the Historic Present" and analyzes several presidential speeches. They engage in class discussion,...
6th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
What Members Say
- Shireen A., Teacher

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|By Dave Malcolm
Article Rating:
|June 27, 2009 10:45 PM EDT
Cloud computing is getting tons of press these days. Everyone has a different perspective and understanding of the technology, and there are myriad variations on the definition of the cloud- William Fellows and John Barr at the 451 Group define cloud computing as the intersection of grid, virtualization, SaaS, and utility computing models. James Staten of Forrester Research describes it as a pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed compute infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption. Let's take it a step further and examine the core principles, or pillars, that uniquely define cloud computing.
Pillar 1: Dynamic Computing Infrastructure
Cloud computing requires a dynamic computing infrastructure. The foundation for the dynamic infrastructure is a standardized, scalable, and secure physical infrastructure. There should be levels of redundancy to ensure high levels of availability, but mostly it must be easy to extend as usage growth demands it, without requiring architecture rework. Next, it must be virtualized. Today, virtualized environments leverage server virtualization (typically from VMware, Microsoft, or Xen) as the basis for running services. These services need to be easily provisioned and de-provisioned via software automation. These service workloads need to be moved from one physical server to another as capacity demands increase or decrease. Finally, this infrastructure should be highly utilized, whether provided by an external cloud provider or an internal IT department. The infrastructure must deliver business value over and above the investment.
A dynamic computing infrastructure is critical to effectively supporting the elastic nature of service provisioning and de-provisioning as requested by users while maintaining high levels of reliability and security. The consolidation provided by virtualization, coupled with provisioning automation, creates a high level of utilization and reuse, ultimately yielding a very effective use of capital equipment
Pillar 2: IT Service-Centric Approach
Cloud computing is IT (or business) service-centric. This is in stark contrast to more traditional system- or server- centric models. In most cases, users of the cloud generally want to run some business service or application for a specific, timely purpose; they don't want to get bogged down in the system and network administration of the environment. They would prefer to quickly and easily access a dedicated instance of an application or service. By abstracting away the server-centric view of the infrastructure, system users can easily access powerful pre-defined computing environments designed specifically around their service.
An IT Service Centric approach enables user adoption and business agility - the easier and faster a user can perform an administrative task the more expedient the business moves, reducing costs or driving revenue.
Pillar 3: Self-Service Based Usage Model
Interacting with the cloud requires some level of user self-service. Best of breed self-service provides users the ability to upload, build, deploy, schedule, manage, and report on their business services on demand. Self-service cloud offerings must provide easy-to-use, intuitive user interfaces that equip users to productively manage the service delivery lifecycle.
The benefit of self service from the users' perspective is a level of empowerment and independence that yields significant business agility. One benefit often overlooked from the service provider's or IT team's perspective is that the more self service that can be delegated to users, the less administrative involvement is necessary. This saves time and money and allows administrative staff to focus on more strategic, high-valued responsibilities.
Pillar 4: Minimally or Self-Managed Platform
In order for an IT team or a service provider to efficiently provide a cloud for its constituents, they must leverage a technology platform that is self managed. Best-of-breed clouds enable self-management via software automation, leveraging the following capabilities:
- A provisioning engine for deploying services and tearing them down recovering resources for high levels of reuse
- Mechanisms for scheduling and reserving resource capacity
- Capabilities for configuring, managing, and reporting to ensure resources can be allocated and reallocated to multiple groups of users
- Tools for controlling access to resources and policies for how resources can be used or operations can be performed
All of these capabilities enable business agility while simultaneously enacting critical and necessary administrative control. This balance of control and delegation maintains security and uptime, minimizes the level of IT administrative effort, and keeps operating expenses low, freeing up resources to focus on higher value projects.
Pillar 5: Consumption-Based Billing
Finally, cloud computing is usage-driven. Consumers pay for only what resources they use and therefore are charged or billed on a consumption-based model. Cloud computing platforms must provide mechanisms to capture usage information that enables chargeback reporting and/or integration with billing systems.
The value here from a user's perspective is the ability for them to pay only for the resources they use, ultimately helping them keep their costs down. From a provider's perspective, it allows them to track usage for charge back and billing purposes.
In summary, all of these five pillars are necessary in producing an enterprise private cloud capable of achieving compelling business value which includes savings on capital equipment and operating costs, reduced support costs, and significantly increased business agility. All of these enable corporations to improve their profit margins and competitiveness in the markets they serve.
In his keynote at 19th Cloud Expo, Sheng Liang, co-founder and CEO of Rancher Labs, will discuss the technological advances and new business opportunities created by the rapid adoption of containers. With the success of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and various open source technologies used to build private clouds, cloud computing has become an essential component of IT strategy. However, users continue to face challenges in implementing clouds, as older technologies evolve and newer ones like Docke...
Oct. 21, 2016 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 2,196
Just over a week ago I received a long and loud sustained applause for a presentation I delivered at this year's Cloud Expo in Santa Clara. I was extremely pleased with the turnout and had some very good conversations with many of the attendees. Over the next few days I had many more meaningful conversations and was not only happy with the results but also learned a few new things. Here is everything I learned in those three days distilled into three short points.
Oct. 21, 2016 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 6,778
Without lifecycle traceability and visibility across the tool chain, stakeholders from Planning-to-Ops have limited insight and answers to who, what, when, why and how across the DevOps lifecycle. This impacts the ability to deliver high quality software at the needed velocity to drive positive business outcomes. In his general session at @DevOpsSummit at 19th Cloud Expo, Eric Robertson, General Manager at CollabNet, will discuss how customers are able to achieve a level of transparency that e...
Oct. 21, 2016 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 565
The reason I believe digital transformation is not only more than a fad, but is actually a life-or-death imperative for every business and IT executive on the planet is simple: there will be no place for an "industrial enterprise" in a digital world. Transformation, by definition, is a metamorphosis from one state to another, wholly new state. As such, a true digital transformation must be the act of transforming an industrial-era organization into something wholly different – the Digital Enter...
Oct. 21, 2016 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,218
In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, Claude Remillard, Principal Program Manager in Developer Division at Microsoft, will contrast how his team used config as code and immutable patterns for continuous delivery of microservices and apps to the cloud. He will show the immutable patterns helps developers do away with most of the complexity of config as code-enabling scenarios such as rollback, zero downtime upgrades with far greater simplicity. He will also have live demos of building immutable pipe...
Oct. 21, 2016 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,461
Application transformation and DevOps practices are two sides of the same coin. Enterprises that want to capture value faster, need to deliver value faster – time value of money principle. To do that enterprises need to build cloud-native apps as microservices by empowering teams to build, ship, and run in production. In his session at @DevOpsSummit at 19th Cloud Expo, Neil Gehani, senior product manager at HPE, will discuss what every business should plan for how to structure their teams to d...
Oct. 21, 2016 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,221
When we talk about the impact of BYOD and BYOA and the Internet of Things, we often focus on the impact on data center architectures. That's because there will be an increasing need for authentication, for access control, for security, for application delivery as the number of potential endpoints (clients, devices, things) increases. That means scale in the data center. What we gloss over, what we skip, is that before any of these "things" ever makes a request to access an application it had to...
Oct. 21, 2016 11:45 AM EDT Reads: 13,560
SYS-CON Events announced today that Transparent Cloud Computing (T-Cloud) Consortium will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. The Transparent Cloud Computing Consortium (T-Cloud Consortium) will conduct research activities into changes in the computing model as a result of collaboration between "device" and "cloud" and the creation of new value and markets through organic data proces...
Oct. 21, 2016 10:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,232
The evolution of JavaScript and HTML 5 to support a genuine component based framework (Web Components) with the necessary tools to deliver something close to a native experience including genuine realtime networking (UDP using WebRTC). HTML5 is evolving to offer built in templating support, the ability to watch objects (which will speed up Angular) and Web Components (which offer Angular Directives). The native level support will offer a massive performance boost to frameworks having to fake all...
Oct. 21, 2016 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 3,706
In many organizations governance is still practiced by phase or stage gate peer review, and Agile projects are forced to accommodate, which leads to WaterScrumFall or worse. But governance criteria and policies are often very weak anyway, out of date or non-existent. Consequently governance is frequently a matter of opinion and experience, highly dependent upon the experience of individual reviewers. As we all know, a basic principle of Agile methods is delegation of responsibility, and ideally ...
Oct. 21, 2016 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 3,009
Today every business relies on software to drive the innovation necessary for a competitive edge in the Application Economy. This is why collaboration between development and operations, or DevOps, has become IT's number one priority. Whether you are in Dev or Ops, understanding how to implement a DevOps strategy can deliver faster development cycles, improved software quality, reduced deployment times and overall better experiences for your customers.
Oct. 21, 2016 09:30 AM EDT Reads: 442
Apache Hadoop is a key technology for gaining business insights from your Big Data, but the penetration into enterprises is shockingly low. In fact, Apache Hadoop and Big Data proponents recognize that this technology has not yet achieved its game-changing business potential. In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, John Mertic, director of program management for ODPi at The Linux Foundation, will explain why this is, how we can work together as an open data community to increase adoption, and the i...
Oct. 21, 2016 08:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,837
All clouds are not equal. To succeed in a DevOps context, organizations should plan to develop/deploy apps across a choice of on-premise and public clouds simultaneously depending on the business needs. This is where the concept of the Lean Cloud comes in - resting on the idea that you often need to relocate your app modules over their life cycles for both innovation and operational efficiency in the cloud. In his session at @DevOpsSummit at19th Cloud Expo, Valentin (Val) Bercovici, CTO of So...
Oct. 21, 2016 07:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,058
JetBlue Airways uses virtual environments to reduce software development costs, centralize performance testing, and create a climate for continuous integration and real-time monitoring of mobile applications. The next BriefingsDirect Voice of the Customer performance engineering case study discussion examines how JetBlue Airways in New York uses virtual environments to reduce software development costs, centralize performance testing, and create a climate for continuous integration and real-tim...
Oct. 21, 2016 07:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,172
Virgil consists of an open-source encryption library, which implements Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) (including RSA schema), a Key Management API, and a cloud-based Key Management Service (Virgil Keys). The Virgil Keys Service consists of a public key service and a private key escrow service.
Oct. 21, 2016 07:15 AM EDT Reads: 891
SYS-CON Events announced today that eCube Systems, the leading provider of modern development tools and best practices for Continuous Integration on OpenVMS, will exhibit at SYS-CON's @DevOpsSummit at Cloud Expo New York, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. eCube Systems offers a family of middleware products and development tools that maximize return on technology investment by leveraging existing technical equity to meet evolving business needs. ...
Oct. 21, 2016 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 4,403
Let's just nip the conflation of these terms in the bud, shall we?
"MIcro" is big these days. Both microservices and microsegmentation are having and will continue to have an impact on data center architecture, but not necessarily for the same reasons. There's a growing trend in which folks - particularly those with a network background - conflate the two and use them to mean the same thing.
They are not.
One is about the application. The other, the network. T...
Oct. 21, 2016 06:45 AM EDT Reads: 6,317
This is a no-hype, pragmatic post about why I think you should consider architecting your next project the way SOA and/or microservices suggest. No matter if it's a greenfield approach or if you're in dire need of refactoring. Please note: considering still keeps open the option of not taking that approach. After reading this, you will have a better idea about whether building multiple small components instead of a single, large component makes sense for your project. This post assumes that you...
Oct. 21, 2016 06:00 AM EDT Reads: 7,157
DevOps is speeding towards the IT world like a freight train and the hype around it is deafening. There is no reason to be afraid of this change as it is the natural reaction to the agile movement that revolutionized development just a few years ago. By definition, DevOps is the natural alignment of IT performance to business profitability. The relevance of this has yet to be quantified but it has been suggested that the route to the CEO's chair will come from the IT leaders that successfully ma...
Oct. 21, 2016 04:30 AM EDT Reads: 16,211
@DevOpsSummit has been named the 'Top DevOps Influencer' by iTrend. iTrend processes millions of conversations, tweets, interactions, news articles, press releases, blog posts - and extract meaning form them and analyzes mobile and desktop software platforms used to communicate, various metadata (such as geo location), and automation tools. In overall placement, @DevOpsSummit ranked as the number one 'DevOps Influencer' followed by @CloudExpo at third, and @MicroservicesE at 24th.
Oct. 21, 2016 03:30 AM EDT Reads: 3,776


text:
Could someone please tell me the main aspects I need to learn about for the Research Methods section to Sociology because my teacher hasn't really gone through it very much and I'm looking through my 2015 AQA Specification Book 1 AS Level but there is so much information I don't know what I'm meant to know? Could really use some help I need it please
What main points do i need to know? Help!
|Posted on
|Why bother with a post grad? Are they even worth it? Have your say!
Write a reply…
Submit reply
RegisterThanks for posting! You just need to create an account in order to submit the post Already a member? Sign in
Oops, something wasn't right
please check the following:


text:
Carolyn Waller '77 published a Letter to the Editor in The Washington Post in support of the Maryland Dream Act. Waller writes, "It is sad to know that members of our community would punish young
people for decisions made by their parents or guardians. It is even
sadder that they would deny the benefit of in-state tuition to these
students when the Dream Act, in addition to imposing other obligations,
requires their parents or guardians to have paid taxes for at least
three years.
Assisting such students to fulfill their potential is not a subsidy but
an investment in their future and in the future of our community."
Read the full Letter to the Editor in The Washington Post, "A Dream worth supporting"
Carolyn Waller has been practicing immigration and refugee law and policy since 1978. She is a co-founder of Kensington Day Care Center and former child care association. She was awarded the 1991 pro-bono lawyer of the year in D.C. and is also a former president of North Bethesda Congress of Citizens Associations.
Remember Me
Forgot your password?
Haven't registered yet?
10/17/2016Dean Shelley Broderick Analyzes Election 2016 On 'News Talk'
10/6/2016Lisabritt Solsky, '96 Named Top Woman Leader by New Hampshire Magazine
10/27/2016Women's Law Society General Body Meeting
10/27/2016Almost 2 Centuries After Johnson v. M'Intosh
10/27/2016Spring Break Experiential Learning Info Session
10/27/2016Clinic Information Session
UDC David A. Clarke School of Law
4340 Connecticut Ave NW
(Mailing: 4200 Connecticut Ave NW)
Washington, DC 20008
Phone: (202) 274-7400
Fax: (202) 274-5583
Connect with the School of Law


text:
The world Owl Trust have today (16 February) published their long awaited Scientific Paper dealing with the issue of eagle owls in Briatin, native or allian?
The document has been published in full on the raptor politics web site as a Pdf file.
You may need an hour or so to read the full 40 odd pages.
Follow the attached link. http://raptorpolitics.org.uk/wp-cont...IN-DOSSIER.pdf


text:
Professional Hurricane Door Services in Braintree, MA
Resilient Hurricane Doors in Braintree, MA
Specialized Braintree Hurricane Door Installers
Free Estimates on Hurricane Doors in Braintree
The hurricane doors Braintree, MA has to offer are excellent for protecting your home in the event of a hurricane. This type of severe weather can cause quite a bit of damage to regular doors, which is why it is so important that you take the time to look into various Braintree hurricane doors before deciding which one you should get for your house. You will find that these doors are specially reinforced with ultra-strong materials so that you won't have to worry about them getting damaged in the event of a hurricane.
Average Costs For Hurricane Doors
Complete Projects
Find the Best Costs for Hurricane Doors - Braintree, MA
Hurricane doors in Braintree, MA are a great investment for any homeowner to make, simply because one will end up saving you quite a bit of money when one of these storms hits. The last thing you want is to have to spend a lot of money on door repairs or get a whole new one, which is why it's a good idea to look into having a special hurricane door installed on your house. It is highly recommended that you get hurricane doors installed on the front and back of your home so you are completely protected from the very high winds that can do a lot of damage.
What zipcode
do YOU NEED
Elastomeric Roof Coating Companies in?
Hurricane Doors in Braintree FAQ
What's the difference between a durable Braintree hurricane door and a traditional door?
The hurricane doors Braintree, MA has to offer differ from traditional doors in a number of ways, including the fact that they are reinforced with ultra-durable materials like steel. These doors are available in a variety of colors and designs, but they are meant to be much stronger than most others. Hurricane doors in Braintree, MA are able to withstand extremely strong winds like the kind that is common with a hurricane or tornado. The reinforced design of these doors is what makes them so incredibly strong and ideal for people who live in an area where hurricanes are common.
What kind of Braintree hurricane door is considered to be the best?
There are lots of different types of Braintree hurricane doors to choose from, but the very best ones are reinforced with steel. Steel is an extremely strong material, so you can count on one of these doors to stand up very well against even the most powerful winds in severe weather. It is important that you take the time to find a door that looks and functions exactly how you need it to.
How will a hurricane door in Braintree, MA benefit me?
The hurricane doors in Braintree, MA will be able to save you quite a bit of money in repairs over the years. If you are tired of having to board up the entry doors in your home every time a hurricane is expected to hit, these doors can save you a lot of time and effort as well. Hurricane doors in Braintree, MA are designed for the specific purpose of standing up against the high winds of these storms, and they will be able to keep intruders out as well. Since these doors are so difficult to break through, you won't have to worry about any intruders being able to get in by breaking yours down.
House Of Doors, Inc.517 North Main Street Randolph, MA 02368
Garage Door Repair Rockland119 Grove St Rockland, MA 02370
RELIABLE PRODUCTS CO5230 WASHINGTON ST West Roxbury, MA 02132
Excelsior Building & Renovating Inc45 Bradfield Ave Roslindale, MA 02131
R. C. Hehre, Builders, LLC.19 Rock View Rd Milton, MA 02186
Ideal Home Products Co Inc Windows747 Centre St Brockton, MA 02302
- Closet Doors Braintree
- Custom Doors Braintree
- Door Repair Braintree
- Entry Doors Braintree
- Exterior Doors Braintree
- French Doors Braintree
- Front Doors Braintree
- Hurricane Impact Doors Braintree
- Impact Doors Braintree
- Impact Garage Doors Braintree
- Impact Glass Doors Braintree
- Interior Doors Braintree
- Iron Doors Braintree
- Iron Front Doors Braintree
- Patio Doors Braintree
- Security Doors Braintree
- Sliding Glass Doors Braintree
- Sliding Glass Door Repair Braintree


text:
Best Sellers and New Arrivals
Bestsellers are selected each month from the New York Times, Dallas Morning News, and Bookseller best selling lists. These books arrive around the 15th of the month and are posted and placed in our bestseller's section. Other books are placed in the collection as received and listed below.
October 2016
Best Sellers and New Arrivals:
Cahn, Jonathan----------------The Book of Mysteries
Coben, Harlan-------------------Home
Coleman, Reed Farrell-----Robert B. Parker's Debt to Pay
Foer, Jonathan Safran----Here I Am
Hiaasen, Carl--------------------Razor Girl
McEwan, Ian---------------------Nutshell
Patterson, James-------------Woman of God
Slaughter, Karin----------------The Kept Woman
Sparks, Nicholas--------------Two by Two
Towles, Amor--------------------A Gentleman in Moscow
September - 2016
New Audio Books:
Curious Minds------------------------Janet Evanovich
Sting----------------------------------------Sandra Brown
Rushing Waters----------------------Danielle Steel
Family Tree-----------------------------Susan Wiggs
Star Wars: Aftermath------------Chuck Wendig


text:
We serve the best wine we can for the price we charge. We work with Vinnaturo a small wine supplier that works closely with a number of independent vineyards to deliver affordable biodynamic and organic wines. Through the use of bag in box packaging Vinnaturo are able to reduce the environmental impact of the production and delivery of their product, whilst reducing packaging costs, meaning they can deliver a better quality wine for a more affordable price.
The result is a refreshing and elegant Tempranillo with a good balance and intensity of flavour and a Sauvignon that is crisp, zesty and aromatic with subtle citrus flavours and minerality interwoven with a refreshing acidity.
We also have a close relationship with the expert team over at Jascots who currently provide us with Mon Rose de Montrose. The grapes are harvested at night to preserve freshness and gently pressed to extract the finest flavours, giving this rose a light freshness with clean strawberry flavours.
Our Frizzante (Prosecco by any other name), available on tap, is also provided by Jascots and is sourced from Italy's award-winning Prosecco producer Enrico Bedin.


text:
How it Works
|Check the availability. Enter your zip code and date to find available moving companies and move help
|Get Instant Moving Quotes. Instantly compare the moving prices side by side and obtain moving quote
|Guaranteed Moving Rates. Absolutely no hidden charges. The price you see is the price you pay
|Hire the Best Mover & Helpers. Compare the moving rates, reviews and hire the mover that is best for you
Mobile moving containers are a great way to store your household and business items. If you decide to go this route, here is a guide to packing and loading a container.
How to Pack a Container
When planning what to pack and ship in a moving container, consider that the companies provide trailers or containers have restrictions on what they will allow to put in a container.
Non-Allowable Items in Moving Containers
Here are funny and creative tips for renting a moving truck. Smart way to make a self move less hectic.
Funny Checklist For Rental Trucks
Musical instruments are definitely valuable for any musician; they are not only unique, but they are also very expensive. Whether you are moving yourself or hired professionals, you want to take extra special care of your instruments before they are loaded into the moving truck.
Packing and Moving Musical Instruments
Moving is challenging and difficult experience for kids as it is for parents. Whether you are packing and moving, consider these tips to help make a move easier for kids.
Moving With Kids
|Price Quote With no Truck
|# of Movers
|First 3 Hours
|Additional Hours
|Price Quote With a Truck
|# of Movers
|First 3 Hours
|Additional Hours
Local moving companies and professional movers in Harriman, 10926
Find the best local moving companies in Harriman at MoversCorp.com. We provide customer rated local movers that can deliver quality moving services. Whether it's a big or small move simply enter your zip code to find and compare Harriman, New York movers.
Need help moving a house or an apartment, or help to load and unload a rental moving truck? Hire full service movers and moving labor helpers in Harriman, New York. Instantly get moving quotes and compare Harriman moving company rates. You will find professional movers and move help at discounted rates. They also provide in-home furniture moving service such as moving furniture from one room to another or from upstairs to downstairs.
Harriman movers provide professional moving and packing services, furniture and appliance moves, moving boxes and supplies as well as cheap moving labor services such as truck loading help and truck unloading help.


text:
|Click below to view our great selection of quality bicycles by
Giant, Liv, and Raleigh!
|Click Here to view our Huge Selection of quality Children's Bicycles.
All Fully Assembled and Ready to Ride!
|Talbot's Rents Raleigh Bicycles!
|2016 Bike Rides & Events
Updates Added!
|Click here for a list of Raleigh bicycles, accessories and Hollywood car racks available for rental.
Visit our California Rides & Events Calendar to view and plan


text:
Skandia/Neil Woodford24 Aug 2014
Take a Financial News trial today:
- Breaking industry news & commentary
- 10 year searchable archive
- FN Powerlists & Special Reports
- FN on mobile and iPad
Does your company already have an FN licence? Email us now
Invesco Perpetual loses £640m Skandia mandate to Woodford
Invesco Perpetual has lost a £640m investment mandate from Skandia to the recently launched Equity Income fund of Neil Woodford's eponymous asset management venture.
Earlier this year, St James's Place had redeemed £7.7bn from funds run by Invesco Perpetual, and allocated almost 50% of the same to Woodford Investment Management.


text:
Check in from 14h / Check out prior to 11h
The Intown Uptown Inn: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Washington D.C., United States.
The Intown Uptown Inn provides 3-star accommodation in Washington D.C.. It also features a business centre, parking and internet.
Hotel description
Those staying at The Intown Uptown Inn Washington D.C. are served breakfast each day.
The inn is under a 45-minute drive from Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport and William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center is a brief stroll away. It is also a brief car trip from National Mall, the Washington Monument and White House.
Hotel features
Business Center
High-speed Internet
Availability and Prices
Booking Site
Room Type
Per room
Per night
Per night
Users who viewed The Intown Uptown Inn also viewed these 3 stars Washington D.C. hotels:
Rouge Hotel Washington D.C.
1315 16th Street NW, Washington D.C.
1315 16th Street NW, Washington D.C.
Dupont at the Circle
1604 19th Street Northwest, Washington D.C.
1604 19th Street Northwest, Washington D.C.
Holiday Inn Express & Suites Washington DC Northeast
1917 Bladensburg Road Ne, Washington D.C.
1917 Bladensburg Road Ne, Washington D.C.
Search hotels
based on


text:
Those Necessary Thorns: Derrick Pender
Being born into the Thorn family was no gift; where secrets, lies, murder and abuse were all common place. In this captivating recount, loosely based on a true story by Aretha Cephus, Desiree Elizabeth Taylor delves deep into her painful past in order to reclaim herself and her marriage to James Jones Taylor.
Read alsoForever Paris
Take a stroll through Édith Piaf's Belleville, dine at Napoléon's favorite restaurant, and explore the late-night haunts of Ernest Hemingway, Josephine Baker, and Pablo Picasso. From the author of the best-selling City Walks: Paris deck, this lively collection of walking adventures follows in the footsteps of more than 25 of the city's…
In order to understand their future, they must first acknowledge the past. In the beginning there was love. In the middle there was pain. In the end there was understanding. In this third and final installment of this dramatized series, the things and people that shaped her adult life have come back with a vengeance including one of the most painful off all; Derrick Pender. This is the story of how a major tragedy changed her life for better or worse.
Does time really heal all wounds?


text:
Really You Doll
Custom Blythe dolls are really cute, specially Milk Tea's creations! This time we present you Himeichigo, an incredibly cute custom Blythe that you will need in your collection. Be fast, because there's only a day to bid for this super cute doll!
What is troubling you. | Flickr - Photo Sharing!
Someone please tell me the artist if you know it!!!!! I've wanted to create my own tree sprites for a while, and this vision matches what's in my head very closely. I'd really like to give the artist credit on this pin. It's so beautiful and well executed. Remarkable. Thank you artist! Wherever you are in the world!
cool How to Actually Lose Body Fat Fast & Properly Today (Top 5 Real Proven Ways) You Really Need to Know
20 Underused English Words You Really Need To Start Using
Paintings by Kurt Cobain http://bromgershtrausendyatlovsky.blogspot.com/2011/01/kurt-cobains-art.html
The exhibition at the Manezh "World of Dolls"
бжд куклы маленькие девочки - Поиск в Google
Fairies Welcome-This would be neat to do in a garden. Make the spiral staircase larger than needed so you can put the houses, and greenery in and still walk up it...how cool.
Littlefee Ante


text:
BASKETBALL ROUNDUP: Chalker upends Blue Jays
CHALKER 43, JACKSON-MILTON 36: NORTH JACKSON – Though the Blue Jays had the lead at half, Chalker rallied in the third and fourth quarters to get the victory on opening night.
Jackson-Milton led, 24-17, at the break, but Chalker took a one-point lead going into halftime, then outscored the Blue Jays 12-6 in the final frame.
Rachel Wilson paced Chalker (1-0) with 16 points and eight rebounds. Shelby Cameron added 12 points.
Rebecca Jones led Jackson-Milton (0-1) with 10 points.
GIRARD 64, McDONALD 22: McDONALD – Ten different Girard players scored in the Indians' big win over McDonald.
Bree Bishop started her season off strong, recording a double-double of 12 points and 11 rebounds. Shymara Dykes was right behind her with seven points and 11 rebounds. Valerie Thomas added 11 points. As a team, Girard shot 50 percent from the field.
McDonald, which was limited to one point in the third quarter, was paced by Sierra Welch's six points.
MAPLEWOOD 74, JOHN F. KENNEDY 23: WARREN – It was all Maplewood in the 2014 season opener for the Rockets and the Eagles.
The Rockets jumped out to a 19-7 lead after the first quarter and never looked back. At half, the score was 37-12.
Maplewood (1-0) had three players score in double digits. Brooke Dawson and Riley Urchek registered their her first double-doubles of the season. Dawson had 15 points and 11 rebounds, Urchek had 14 points and 15 rebounds. Miranda Sloan also had 15 points.
John F. Kennedy (0-1), playing its first game since early in the 2012-13 eason after missing most due to not enough players for a team, was paced by Antonella LaMonica's 19 points.
SOUTHEAST 38, COVENTRY 36: RAVENNA – A second-half rally by the Pirates led to an opening night victory over Coventry.
Trailing 24-19 at the half, Southeast outscored the Comets 19-12 to come away with the win.
Coventry mainly stayed in the contest due to the 3-point shooting by Chloe Baird, who hit five 3s in the contest to finish with a team-high 19 points.
Brittany Butcher, who had four 3-pointers of her own, led Southeast with 16 points. Danielle Norquest had 12 points and 22 rebounds.
GARFIELD 57, WESTERN RESERVE ACADEMY 29: HUDSON – Garfield jumped out to a 17-2 lead and rolled from there on opening night.
Nine different players scored for the G-Men (1-0), including Caylin Armstrong, who led the team with 12 points.
Emma Presley was the only WRA player to score in double figures. She registered 12 points.
POLAND 51, CAMPBELL 22: CAMPBELL – Poland visited the free-throw line 38 times on Friday night, converting 21 of them, en rout to its victory over Campbell.
The Bulldogs were 21 of 38 from the line – 13 of 18 in the second half. Theodora Constantine took the most trips, as she was 12 of 17. She led all scorers with 18 points. Madison Walkama added 10 points for Poland.
Campbell, which only converted on nine field goals, was led by Brianna Watkins with seven points.
CHAMPION 61, MINERAL RIDGE 55: MINERAL RIDGE – The fourth quarter was the difference in Champion's victory over Mineral Ridge in both team's season openers.
The score was knotted at 41 entering the fourth, when the Golden Flashes took over, outscoring the Rams 20-14.
Anna Hill recorded a double-double with 14 points and 14 rebounds. Kelly Robinson and Izzy D'Urso each added another 14 points for Champion (1-0).
Peyton Allen finished with 14 points for Mineral Ridge.


text:
Spartanburg County Jail Director Larry Powers declined to schedule hip replacement surgery for an inmate who uses a wheelchair and is awaiting sentencing.
Jail officials recently were informed Jerry James Carruth, 55, of Moore was scheduled to have surgery on Wednesday.
But that falls after Carruth's scheduled sentencing Monday. He pleaded guilty this past month to felony DUI, causing the death of 42-year-old Tony Allan Howard. He could face up to 25 years in prison.
After sentencing, Carruth would be on probation or in the custody of the S.C. Department of Corrections, Powers wrote in a letter to John B. White Jr., Carruth's attorney.
The jail director also indicated the surgery was not "exigent," or of an urgent nature.
Information about Carruth's medical care is confidential.
A January 1984 auto accident left Carruth with a spinal injury. He does use a wheelchair, though the car he was driving the night of Howard's death -- April 5 -- was not altered for handicap use, authorities said.
He has physical and orthopedic needs that White told a judge the jail might not be equipped to handle.
Jails are required to provide reasonable and adequate medical care. Powers said they have kept Carruth's appointments.
The most common types of surgical procedures for inmates include childbirth, appendicitis, gal bladder, kidney stones and heart, Powers said.
Hip replacement surgery can help relieve pain caused by arthritis, a fracture or other conditions while performing such activities as getting in and out of a car, according to information from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
The average hospital charge for partial hip replacement is $20,000, according to information from the Academy. That does not include physician costs.
The jail has not been billed for any of Carruth's care, Powers said. It was not clear whether the jail could be charged for any part of a surgical procedure.
Carruth had seven drunken-driving convictions but never spent more than two days in jail at one time.
Sentencing was delayed as the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services prepares a pre-sentencing report, which can be done with defendants who have significant handicaps.
Carruth's attorneys and the 7th Circuit Solicitor's Office declined comment.
Teresa Killian can be reached at 582-4511, Ext. 7214, or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
- This event has passed.
October 30, 2014 @ 7:00 pm| $23.
Event Navigation
Co-Presented by the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona
One of Israel's most popular musical artists over the past 20 years, David Broza combines soulful lyrics with virtuosic guitar playing that ranges from flamenco to pulsating rock and roll. Often compared to Bruce Springsteen and James Taylor, Broza is renowned for transforming poetry into dynamic contemporary music and for his live performances, which blend storytelling, humor, and heart-wrenching songs in English, Hebrew, and Spanish.
According to Broza, his new album, East Jerusalem West Jerusalem (produced by Steve Earle), "symbolically connects adversaries through the power of art." The album includes a first rate international ensemble that includes American Grammy-winners Earle and Wyclef Jean, along with well known Israeli musicians Gadi Seri, Yossi Sassi and many more. Broza is also well known for his commitment to humanitarian causes, including the peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
"To see David Broza in concert is to be mesmerized." — New York Post


text:
Henry Ford Trade School was opened October twenty fifth, nineteen hundred sixteen, with six boys and one instructor. In 1931 the enrollment rose to 2800, with 135 instructors. The time for students was divided between the school shop and the classroom where customary high school subjects were studied.
The school was organized to give needy boys an opportunity to help support themselves and to retain their interest in education. To accomplish the first purpose, each boy was awarded a cash scholarship which was paid to him regularly.
Incorporated under a Michigan statute, the school was operated as a non-profit enterprise. It had a floor space of about three acres set apart for its exclusive use. All the equipment in the class and shop departments was the best.....
Release Date: January 20, 2015
The Henry Ford Trade School Alumni Association has donated $750,000 to create an endowed scholarship fund for undergraduate mechanical engineering students at Lawrence Technological University.
The donation is among the top 10 largest gifts ever received by the University to establish an endowed scholarship, and the largest for scholarships from an organization. Interest income from the endowment will provide need-based scholarship assistance to recipients.
From alums of Henry Ford Trade School, an investment Editorial in The Detroit News, February 25, 2015 America can learn a lesson from these retirees. It has been more than 60 years since the last students graduated from the Henry Ford Trade School, and the school's remaining alumni are now in their 80s and 90s. But we should all pay attention to what they have to say about the value of education.
|29 Oct 2016
|01 Nov 2016
Board of Directors Meeting
|08 Nov 2016
General Membership Meeting 2016-17
|15 Nov 2016
HFTSA Retirees Club
|06 Dec 2016
Board of Directors Meeting
|13 Dec 2016
General Membership Meeting 2016-17
|20 Dec 2016
HFTSA Retirees Club
- This article lists recent updates on hftsaa.org.
- Detroit automakers and higher education: The Henry Ford Trade School and General Motors Institute
Interesting article in Hemmings Classic Car Blog
- Historic Newsletters
Old HFTSAA Newsletters from the Archives
- Remembering HFTS Video
Special Video about the Henry Ford Trade School (Available for purchase from Ideal Video Transfer LLC)
1926 – 2012
Bill passed away February 21, 2012 at the age of 85. Beloved husband of Elaine for 62 years. Loving father of Karen (Glenn) Johnson, William Beam, Janet (Evan) Blackhawk, Robert (Janet) Beam and Karl Beam. Dear grandfather of seven and great grandfather of three.
A decorated WWII veteran. Bill served in the Army Air Force.
He graduated from the Trade School in the June Class of '44. A long time member of the Alumni Association he was reinstated in 1978.


text:
bsa gold star se
View Single Post
24th January 2015, 09:41 PM
Join Date: May 2010
Member of: Bisley
Location: London
Posts: 94
Originally Posted by
All good then!
None of the BSA's have "farted" since the SE versions of the Ultra and Scorpion were introduced, from that time all the actions have had a lighter hammer with a shorter stroke and stronger spring giving a much faster crisper firing cycle.
Interestingly, I have something called a "Tench regulated" BSA Ultra MMC version. For some reason, that doesn't fart either
If it wasn't for the impressive performance of that little gun, I probably wouldn't have considered buying BSA. After modifying the stock to fit properly, I couldn't believe how accurate such a short barrel could be at full power. It gave me confidence to look into the SE range. I was considering the Scorpion SE for a while. BSAs won at Cambridge last year, which was a bit of a shocka. Then the Goldstar SE appeared. Bingo! We will see how well I do in competitions leading up to the World's.
FYI regarding the magazines popping out during use, this was because the locating pin wasn't going in properly. The magazine stop was too far in, preventing the magazine from being pushed in far enough. I fixed this by shimming relevant parts of the stop with aluminium tape, effectively giving the stop an extra 0.1mm of depth. Now the magazine and single-shot adapter are a snug fit and all is well during use.
Another point of note to potential Goldstar SE users; the length of the cylinder is almost the same as that of the barrel. Moderators that are tapered at the threaded end will fit OK, but if the moderator has a thread in the flat end of the can, it probably won't fit. I have Hugget moderators, one of each style, but only the tapered one will fit.
View Public Profile
Send a private message to verminator
Find all posts by verminator


text:
The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) negatively regulates T cell activity through the activation of the Gs/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway. β2-AR desensitization, which can be induced by its phosphorylation, may have important consequences for the regulation of T cell function in asthma. In the present study we demonstrate that the C-C chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) impairs the ability of β2-agonist fenoterol to activate the cAMP downstream effector cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) in freshly isolated human T cells. The TARC-induced activation of Src kinases resulted in membrane translocation of both G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2 and β-arrestin. Moreover, TARC was able to induce Src-dependent serine phosphorylation of the β2-AR as well as its association with GRK2 and β-arrestin. Finally, in contrast to CREB, phosphorylation of Src and extracellular signal-regulated kinase was enhanced by fenoterol upon TARC pretreatment. In summary, we show for the first time that TARC exposure impairs β2-AR function in T cells. Our data suggest that this is mediated by Src-dependent activation of GRK2, resulting in receptor phosphorylation, binding to β-arrestin, and a switch from cAMP-dependent signaling to activation of the MAPK pathway. We propose that aberrant T cell control in the presence of endogenous β-agonists promotes T cell-mediated inflammation in asthma.
- cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation
- Src kinases
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2
- β-arrestin
- thymus and activation-regulated chemokine
the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is expressed on a variety of cell types, including T lymphocytes, and belongs to the family of cell surface receptors referred to as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Upon binding of β-agonists (e.g., epinephrine) to their cognate receptor, the β2-AR associates with the Gs protein, which triggers adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and subsequently results in the formation of intracellular cAMP. The cAMP-dependent pathway is widely known as a negative regulator of T cell activity. Upon prolonged or repeated agonist stimulation, uncoupling of the β2-AR from the AC/cAMP system can be induced. This desensitization is regulated by receptor phosphorylation and subsequent receptor internalization, which proceeds slower than phosphorylation. Internalization is not strictly required for β2-AR desensitization and is thought to be an early step in β2-AR downregulation and/or resensitization (25, 33, 41). Phosphorylation of the β2-AR can be induced by several kinases. Most described candidates are the G-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) and protein kinase A (PKA), which are activated upon stimulation of the β2-AR (13). β2-AR phosphorylation mediated by GRK2 and GRK3, also called βARK1 and βARK2, creates a binding site for β-arrestin (3, 13, 17, 23), which inhibits β2-AR function by preventing association with the Gs protein (17). Furthermore, β-arrestin has been described to recruit c-Src to the receptor, thereby linking the receptor to Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation (24). In addition to βARK and PKA, various heterologous stimuli (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) have been described to phosphorylate the β2-AR, for example by the activation of PKC, tyrosine kinases, or phosphatidylinositol 3-(PI3)-kinase (35, 28, 12, 9).
Because the β2-AR system functions to suppress T cell-mediated responses, β2-AR desensitization may have important implications for the pathophysiology of atopic asthma. Impaired function of the β2-AR system has been observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes during allergen-induced inflammatory reactions in asthma (7, 8, 26). The origin of this β2-adrenergic dysfunction is still largely unclear; however, it is unlikely to be caused by enhanced endogenous β2-agonist levels (21). It has been proposed that the release of proinflammatory mediators from the lung into the circulation is responsible for the β2-AR dysfunction in peripheral lymphocytes in asthma (27). In this respect, chemokines may be of interest, since the release of certain chemokines [e.g., C-C chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)] is thought to play a crucial role in airway inflammation in asthma. There is growing evidence that TARC plays an important role in the recruitment of T helper (Th) 2 cells to the lung tissue and that TARC is released upon allergen challenge in asthma (4, 6, 18, 22, 29, 34), whereas the role of other Th2-directing chemokines appears less important (4, 6, 29, 34). Most chemokine receptors are linked to the Gi protein. Activation of Gi proteins can induce Rho GTPases, PI3-kinase, and Src/son of sevenless (SOS)-dependent signaling, leading to changes in the cytoskeleton and cellular responses required for directional migration (14). Additionally, Gi activity is known to counterregulate the function of the Gs protein and has been implicated in β2-AR dysfunction (39). Moreover, chemokines have been demonstrated to induce activation of GRKs and β-arrestin, which may be critical for cytoskeletal reorganization and migration (5, 11, 37). We hypothesized that this may not only induce cytoskeletal changes and homologous desensitization of chemokine receptors (1), but also β2-AR desensitization. To investigate this, we analyzed the effects of TARC on β2-AR signaling in freshly isolated human T cells.
Isolation of the T cells.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteer platelet donors, of whom for ethical reasons no further information was available, were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque (Lymphoprep; Nycomed, Oslo, Norway) density-gradient centrifugation. The Human Subject Review Board of the University of Groningen has approved the protocol. T cells were isolated by rosetting with 2-aminoethylisothioronium bromide-treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The SRBC were lysed with 155 mmol/l NH4Cl, 10 mmol/l KHCO3, and 0.1 mmol/l EDTA. The remaining cell preparations contained >98% T cells, as assessed by flow cytometric analysis after staining with α-CD2 (Becton Dickinson, Erebodegem-Aalst, Belgium). T cells were incubated overnight at 37°C in RPMI 1640 (BioWhittaker, Verviers, Belgium) containing 0.5–1% fetal calf serum (FCS; Hyclone, Logan, UT), supplemented with 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin.
Immunodetection by Western blotting.
The phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), ERK, and Src family kinases was analyzed by Western blotting. T cells were pretreated with 10 μM PP2 (Calbiochem, Omnilabo International, Breda, The Netherlands) or 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin (PTX, Calbiochem, Omnilabo International) for 1 and 3 h, respectively, and subsequently incubated with or without TARC (250 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml) for 4–6 h. Next, cells were stimulated with 10 μM fenoterol (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) or 10 mM NaF (Sigma) for 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, or 180 min. Cells were harvested and spun down at maximum speed for 30 s. Total cell lysates were obtained by resuspension of the pellets in 1× sample buffer (containing 2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 2% 2-mercaptoethanol, 60 mM Tris·HCl pH 6.8, and bromphenol blue) and boiling for 5 min. Samples were loaded on an SDS 10% PAGE gel (acrylamide-bisacrylamide 173:1) and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Immunodetection of phospho-CREB, phospho-ERK, phospho-Src (New England Biolabs, Hitchin, Herts, UK), pan-ERK or actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) was performed by standard procedures, and the detection was performed according to the manufacturer's guidelines (ECL; Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK). Relative protein levels were quantified using the gelscan program ImageMaster (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and normalized for total protein levels.
cAMP assay.
T cells were rested overnight in RPMI 1640 containing 2% FCS, preincubated with or without TARC (100 ng/ml) for 6 h, and incubated at 2.5 × 106 cells/300 μl with 100 μM 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) to prevent cAMP degradation for 10 min at 37°C. Next, T cells were stimulated with 10 μM fenoterol for 10 min. The reactions were terminated with 300 μl ice-cold 3.5% perchloric acid and placed on ice for at least 30 min. After centrifugation of precipitated protein, the samples were neutralized by the addition of 180 μl of 50% saturated KHCO3. cAMP levels were measured by a competitive protein-binding assay as described previously (36). In short, 200 μl of sample were incubated with 200 μl of buffer containing 50 mM Tris·HCl, 4 mM EDTA, 160 μg cAMP binding protein, 1 mg bovine serum albumin, and 190 nM [3H]cAMP (30 Ci/mmol) at 4°C for at least 2 h. The reaction was terminated by adding 1,000 μl of charcoal suspension (Norit A special, 3.5 g/l) followed by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 15 min to remove the excess of unbound [3H]cAMP. Radioactivity in the supernatant was measured by scintillation counting.
Migration assay.
The migration assay was performed using a microchamber Transwell system with 5-μM pores (Corning Costar). T cells were incubated in RPMI 1640/1% FCS with or without 10 μM PP2 and 100 ng/ml PTX for 1 and 3 h, respectively. Next, 2 × 105 T cells were applied to the upper compartment of the chamber. Migration was induced by 5, 20, 100, or 500 ng/ml TARC (R&D Systems, ITK diagnostics, Uithoorn, the Netherlands) in RPMI 1640/1% FCS present in the lower compartment of the chamber. T cells were allowed to migrate to the lower compartment for 2 h at 37°C. The upper well was removed, and the T cells in the lower well were counted and expressed as percentage of the total amount of T cells added to the upper well.
Cytosolic and membrane fractionation.
T cells (10 × 106) were pretreated with PP2 (10 μM) or SU-6656 (1 μM) for 1 h in RPMI 1640/0.5% FCS and subsequently incubated with or without TARC for 1 to 4 h. Cells were harvested and washed with ice-cold PBS containing 1 mM sodium orthovanadate and 1 mM PMSF and lysed in 200 μl of hypotonic lysis buffer [10 mM Tris pH 7.4, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 10 U/ml aprotonin, 1 μM pepstatin, Complete (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), and 1 mM PMSF] at 4°C. Cell lysates were homogenized by sonification. After the removal of intact cells, nuclei, and cell debris by centrifugation at 800 g for 8 min at 4°C, the membrane fractions were spun down at maximum speed for 60 min at 4°C. The cytosol fraction was suspended in 5× sample buffer, boiled for 5 min, and stored at −80°C. The sedimented membrane fraction was washed with hypotonic lysis buffer, spun down at maximum speed for 30 s, and resuspended in 1× sample buffer, boiled for 5 min, and stored at −80°C. Samples were loaded on SDS 10% PAGE gels and blotted to a PVDF membrane. Immunodetection was performed with antibodies against βARK1/GRK2, β-arrestin-2, IL-1R, and tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) using ECL according to the manufacturer's guidelines.
T cells (10 × 106) were pretreated with 10 μM PP2 for 1 h in RPMI 1640/0.5% FCS and subsequently incubated with TARC (100 ng/ml) for 1–4 h. Cells were harvested, washed with ice-cold PBS containing 1 mM sodium orthovanadate and 1 mM PMSF, and subsequently lysed in 500 μl of lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 10% glycerol, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P-40, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 1 μM pepstatin, 1 μg/ml aprotonin, Complete, 1 mM PMSF, and 1 mM sodium orthovanadate) for 10 min on ice. Cell lysates were clarified at 10,000 g for 15 min and precleared with 30 μl of protein A Sepharose beads (in a 50% slurry) for 1 h at 4°C. After 1-min centrifugation at 300 g, the cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for β2-AR, β-arrestin-2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or GRK2-agarose conjugate (GRK2-AC, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and incubated rotating at 4°C for 3 h or overnight. In case of immunoprecipitation with β2-AR and β-arrestin, protein A Sepharose beads were added to each sample and incubated rotating overnight to bind to the primary antibodies. Next, immune complexes were washed three times with lysis buffer. The precipitates were subjected to SDS 10% PAGE, immunoblotted on PVDF membrane, and immunocomplexes were detected by ECL, which was performed according to the manufacturer's guidelines. The phospho-serine antibody was purchased from Zymed Laboratories (SANBIO, Uden, The Netherlands).
Statistical analyses.
We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired observations in case of the cAMP measurements. The Student's t-test for paired observations was used in case of the protein levels or measurements of T cell migration. Data are expressed as means ± SE. Statistical significance of the secretion data was set at P < 0.05.
TARC preincubation reduces the ability of β2-agonist fenoterol to activate CREB.
We first examined whether TARC is able to induce alterations in β2-AR signaling by studying the effect on cAMP downstream effector CREB in freshly isolated T cells. By flow cytometry we observed that 18.5 ± 6% of the peripheral T cells from healthy donors expresses the TARC receptor CCR4 (n = 4, data not shown). In freshly isolated T cells from healthy donors, incubation with fenoterol (10 μM) resulted in a clear induction of CREB phosphorylation. This was observed after just 10 min of stimulation, with a maximal response (fivefold induction) between 60 and 90 min (Fig. 1A). Incubation with TARC alone for 60 min (data not shown) or 6 h (Fig. 1B) had no effect on CREB phosphorylation. When T cells were preincubated with TARC for 6 h and subsequently stimulated with fenoterol for 60 min, the ability of fenoterol to induce CREB phosphorylation was markedly reduced (approximately twofold, Fig. 1B). This effect of TARC was also observed at a concentration of 250 pg/ml. At 50 pg/ml, the suppressive effect of TARC could no longer be observed (Fig. 1C). The effect of TARC may not be mediated by direct inhibition of the Gs protein, since 5 min of preincubation with TARC did not alter the ability of fenoterol to induce CREB phosphorylation (Fig. 1B). To investigate whether TARC directly affects the AC system or induces alterations at receptor level, we used NaF for direct activation of the G protein. NaF (10 mM) induced a strong increase in CREB phosphorylation (Fig. 1A), which was not reduced upon preincubation with TARC (Fig. 1D). This suggests that the effect of TARC is mediated upstream from the Gs protein at the receptor level, probably by reducing the association of the β2-AR with the Gs/AC/cAMP pathway.
TARC preincubation reduces the ability of β2-agonist fenoterol to induce cAMP formation.
To test whether TARC indeed reduces β2-AR-coupled AC activity, we studied intracellular cAMP formation by β2-AR stimulation upon TARC pretreatment. In freshly isolated T cells, we observed that 10 μM fenoterol induced a significant (approximately threefold) increase in intracellular cAMP accumulation after 10 min of stimulation (Fig. 1E). When T cells were first incubated with TARC for 6 h and then stimulated with fenoterol, cAMP accumulation was significantly reduced (by ∼25%, P < 0.05, n = 6), whereas TARC preincubation had no significant effect on basal cAMP levels (Fig. 1E). This indicates that TARC preincubation reduces β2-AR coupling to the Gs/AC/cAMP system.
Immunoblotting and RT-PCR studies demonstrated no change in β2-AR expression and β2-AR mRNA levels, indicating that TARC does not alter β2-AR function by degradation or downregulation of receptor expression (data not shown).
TARC induces Gi activation and Src kinase activity.
To further identify the mechanism of TARC-induced desensitization of the β2-AR, we investigated the pathways induced by TARC stimulation. Most chemokine receptors are coupled to Gi proteins, leading to Gβγ release and Src activation upon chemokine binding (14). We tested the involvement of the Gi protein and Src family kinases in TARC-induced T cell migration by using the Gi inhibitor PTX and the selective Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 in the migration assay. As depicted in Fig. 2A, T cells show some spontaneous migration, but chemotaxis is considerably enhanced in the presence of TARC, with a maximal response at 100 ng/ml (3.5-fold induction). Preincubation of the cells with both PTX and PP2 blocked the migratory response to TARC (Fig. 2B), indicating the requirement of Gi signaling and Src kinase activation.
In Fig. 3A the involvement of Src family kinases is further supported, showing an increase in Src kinase phosphorylation in T cells after 5 min of TARC stimulation. Phosphorylated Src was completely absent in the presence of PP2 (Fig. 3A). We used PTX in these experiments to underscore the involvement of Gi activity. The TARC-induced Src phosphorylation could be blocked by treatment with PTX (Fig. 3B). In accordance, PTX and PP2 pretreatment blocked the TARC-induced phosphorylation of ERK (data not shown).
Activity of Src family kinases is critically involved in TARC-induced β2-adrenergic dysfunction.
Next, we studied whether or not Src kinase activation is critical for the suppressive effect of TARC on fenoterol-induced CREB phosphorylation. To establish the role of Src kinases in this process, T cells were preincubated with PP2, followed by exposure to TARC. As demonstrated in Fig. 3C, the fenoterol-induced phosphorylation of CREB was suppressed by TARC (0.51 ± 0.03-fold, n = 4), yet this was no longer observed when T cells were pretreated with PP2 (1.1 ± 0.16-fold, n = 4). This indicates that Src kinase activity in response to TARC is critically involved in the suppressive effect of TARC on the fenoterol-induced activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway. PP2 incubation alone did not result in stronger fenoterol-induced CREB phosphorylation or higher basal CREB phosphorylation. This suggests that fenoterol does not induce (sufficient) Src activation to reduce β2-AR signaling (at least not within 60 min) and that basal Src activity does not affect β2-AR function.
TARC induces Src kinase-dependent membrane translocation of GRK2 and β-arrestin.
It is conceivable that Src kinase activity is involved in β2-AR desensitization, since Src kinases may phosphorylate and subsequently activate GRK2 (10, 33). Therefore, we tested whether TARC was able to induce Src-dependent activation and membrane translocation of GRK2. In resting T cells, GRK2 was localized in both cytosol and membrane fractions. TARC exposure reduced the expression of GRK2 in the cytoplasm and increased the expression in the membrane fraction (Fig. 4). As control for the purity of the subcellular fractions, IL-1R was used as membrane marker, and tubulin was used as cytosol marker. The increased membrane translocation of GRK2 was already seen after 1 h of TARC exposure (data not shown) and remained for at least up to 4 h (Fig. 4). The effect of TARC on GRK2 location was inhibited by both PP2 (Fig. 4) and the selective Src inhibitor SU-6656 (data not shown), indicating that TARC-induced Src kinase activity is responsible for the membrane translocation of GRK2. Interestingly, incubation with TARC triggered the membrane translocation of β-arrestin as well (Fig. 4), which was again blocked by PP2 pretreatment. This membrane translocation of GRK2 and β-arrestin may be involved in the TARC-induced effect on β2-AR function.
TARC exposure induces serine phosphorylation of the β2-AR and association to GRK2 and β-arrestin.
Next, we questioned whether the effects of TARC as described above lead to alterations in the phosphorylation status of the β2-AR. To this end, we determined the phosphoserine content of the β2-AR after immunoprecipitation. As demonstrated in Fig. 5A, the levels of serine-phosphorylated β2-AR were increased by ∼1.5-fold when T cells were exposed to TARC (3 h), which was observed in absence of a β2-agonist. In addition, we studied the association of GRK2 and β2-AR by coimmunoprecipitation. As depicted in Fig. 5B, the association between β2-AR and GRK2 was markedly increased when T cells were exposed to TARC, supporting a role for GRK2 in the β2-AR serine phosphorylation. Furthermore, by coimmunoprecipitation of β-arrestin and β2-AR we observed that TARC induces recruitment of β-arrestin to the β2-AR (Fig. 5C). In accordance to the effects as described in the previous paragraphs, the TARC-induced β2-AR phosphorylation and recruitment of βARK and β-arrestin were blocked by PP2 (Fig. 5, A–C). Together, these data suggest that the activation of Src family kinases by TARC induces GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of the β2-AR and subsequent complex formation with β-arrestin in an agonist-independent manner.
Finally, we tested whether the TARC-induced recruitment of β-arrestin to the β2-AR results in a switch to activation of the Src/MAPK pathway. To this end, we studied whether or not fenoterol was able to induce phosphorylation of Src family kinases and ERK in T cells that were exposed to TARC (3 h). In resting T cells, basal Src kinase activity was inhibited by fenoterol after 10 and 60 min of incubation (Fig. 6A). In contrast, fenoterol induced a modest increase in Src phosphorylation when T cells were first exposed to TARC. Similarly, fenoterol enhanced ERK phosphorylation after preincubation with TARC (Fig. 6B). This indicates that TARC exposure switches β2-AR function from activation of the Gs/AC/cAMP system, which negatively regulates the Src/SOS/MAPK pathway, to activation of the Src/MAPK pathway. Thus, after TARC exposure, T cell activity may be enhanced instead of inhibited by the β2-AR system.
The β2-AR is linked to the Gs protein and AC/cAMP activation, thereby providing negative feedback control over various proinflammatory cells. Prolonged or repeated stimulation of the β-agonist as well as exposure to various heterologous stimuli (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) may induce desensitization of the β2-AR, resulting in impaired activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway (12, 35). We have previously demonstrated that allergen exposure in asthma reduces β2-AR function for 40–50% in the total pool of peripheral blood lymphocytes, resulting in a loss of control over Th2-like cytokines (16, 26, 27). This loss of β2-AR function is thought to be the result of allergen-induced release of proinflammatory mediators and is not observed during stable asthma (27). However, the extrinsic factor(s) responsible for the β2-AR desensitization has remained unidentified. In the present study we demonstrate for the first time that TARC-induced activation of the C-C chemokine receptor CCR4, which is expressed on ∼50% of the memory Th cells (19), results in desensitization of the β2-AR in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that TARC induces Src-dependent membrane translocation of GRK2 and β-arrestin, resulting in β2-AR phosphorylation and defective cAMP-dependent signaling. This observation may have important implications for T cell-mediated immune responses, including airway inflammation in asthma, since T cell activity is normally controlled by the β2-AR/AC system. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression in α-CD3/α-CD28-stimulated, freshly isolated human T cells is inhibited by the β2-agonist fenoterol (15). Interestingly, we have recently observed that the allergen-induced loss of β2-AR control over Th2 cytokines could be mimicked by TARC exposure in T cells from healthy donors (16). In addition, we observed that TARC has a similar effect in stable asthma (data not shown). These data indicate that TARC exposure may induce important alterations in the regulation of T cell function.
In this report we demonstrate that TARC exposure reduces AC activity and cAMP-dependent signaling upon stimulation with the β2-agonist fenoterol in peripheral T cells. The effect of TARC on cAMP accumulation was not as pronounced as the effect on CREB phosphorylation. Recently, it has been shown that cAMP accumulation and CREB phosphorylation do not always correlate. Partial β-agonists that hardly increased intracellular cAMP were shown to induce an increase in CREB phosphorylation (2). This may be explained by the fact that it is not the total quantity of cAMP is responsible for CREB activation, but cAMP's sustained turnover (2). cAMP turnover can be regulated by β-arrestin, since β-arrestin has been shown to target cAMP degradation to the receptor by its binding to phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 (30). Thus TARC might affect cAMP accumulation by the recruitment of β-arrestin/PDE4 to the β2-AR, thereby simultaneously reducing cAMP accumulation by desensitization and increasing the rate of cAMP degradation at the membrane. Because we used IBMX in the cAMP assay to prevent cAMP degradation and to obtain sufficient high cAMP accumulation, the possible additional effect of PDE4-mediated degradation could not be observed.
The results with NaF indicate that the effect of TARC on β2-adrenergic signaling is most likely mediated upstream from the Gs/AC system at receptor level and not by direct inhibition of the AC system. Furthermore, our data suggest the involvement of Gi-dependent activation of Src family kinases in reduced β2-AR function. We observed that TARC induces Src-dependent membrane translocation of GRK2 and β-arrestin. Although Gβγ subunits are thought to be essential for the membrane anchoring of GRK2 (31), our results indicate that Src activation is also required for the TARC-induced membrane translocation of GRK2 and subsequent β2-AR phosphorylation. This is in accordance with the findings of Sarnago et al. (33), demonstrating that Src activation induces GRK2 phosphorylation and activation. In addition, the findings of Fan et al. (10) demonstrate that Src activation precedes GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation and binding to β-arrestin. Src is known to associate with β-arrestin upon β2-AR stimulation (24), but the role of Src kinases in β-arrestin membrane translocation has to our knowledge not been described before. In the present study we show that Src kinase activation by TARC induces the membrane translocation and recruitment of β-arrestin to the β2-AR. The membrane translocation of β-arrestin may be a direct effect of Src or a consequence of β2-AR phosphorylation. Either way, receptor phosphorylation is required to induce binding of β-arrestin to the receptor. Subsequently, β-arrestin may promote the complex formation of β2-AR/Src (24), which might be responsible for the observed switch of β2-AR signaling to activation of the MAPK pathway. The positive β2-AR signaling observed after TARC exposure may enhance the activation profile of T cells. In accordance to the findings concerning β-arrestin, it has recently been reported that β-arrestin-2 is crucial for Th2 migration to the lung in a mouse model of asthma. β-Arrestin-2 knockout mice did not accumulate T cells in the lung and had defective macrophage-derived chemokine-mediated T cell migration (40).
Our findings suggest that the activation of GRK2 and β-arrestin by TARC does not facilitate agonist-induced β2-AR desensitization but induces β2-agonist-independent desensitization of the β2-AR. So far, it has been assumed that βARK mediates homologous desensitization of GPRCs, as GRK2 preferentially phosphorylates the agonist-occupied receptor. However, agonist-independent phosphorylation of the β2-AR has been demonstrated in other cell systems. For instance, insulin can induce agonist-independent phosphorylation of the β2-AR in A431 cells (9). In addition, it has recently been described in HEK-293 cells that EGF receptor internalization is triggered by β2-AR stimulation in the absence of EGF, in a GRK2- and β-arrestin-dependent manner (20). These findings clearly illustrate that GRK2-mediated desensitization is not restricted to homologous desensitization. Furthermore, chemokines have been demonstrated to induce cross-desensitization of another GPCR, i.e., the μ-opioid receptor, yet the mechanism remained undefined (38). The chemokine-induced desensitization of the β2-AR may be an important mechanism in the amplification of inflammation, as it may result in enhanced T cell activity in presence of endogenous β2-agonists. In addition to TARC, we observed that the pretreatment with the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8, and 10-kDa interferon-γ-inducible protein similarly reduced β2-AR signaling in T cells (data not shown), indicating that chemokines in general have an important role in the regulation of β2-AR function. Our findings may have implications for additional cell types, including mast cells, eosinophils, and smooth muscle cells, which are known to be under control of the β2-AR system and express various chemokine receptors as well.
In summary, we demonstrate that exposure of T cells to TARC alters the function of the β2-AR, resulting in impaired ability to activate the cAMP-dependent pathway and a switch to Src/MAPK activation. This may be mediated by the Src-dependent membrane translocation of GRK2, phosphorylation of the β2-AR, and recruitment of β-arrestin and result in dysregulated and enhanced activity of T cells by circulating endogenous β2-agonists.
This study was supported by grants from the Netherlands Asthma Foundation.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2005 the American Physiological Society


text:
Ask Drum Tom
Best answer?
Answer this question
Do you know the correct answer? Make money answering questions! Join now.
Best answer?
Answer for question:
Your name:
Best job interview answers to the question, "What is your greatest weakness?", plus tips on the best ways to respond and more job interview ...
Read more
44 %
How to respond to the job interview question "Tell me about yourself," including what to say, what not to say, and examples of the best answers.
Read more
41 %
More resources
How to Answer 23 of the Most Common Interview Questions. ... The best way to answer this one is to think for a while and then say something like "I've ...
Read more
44 %
I personally never thought anyone would actually say, "sell me this pen" in a sales interview. I was wrong. It will happen to you too. And to avoid ...
Read more
39 %
Answering interview questions about why you are the right person for the job needs some thought and preparation.Your interview answer should be relevant to ...
Read more
25 %
Use the expert job interview question and answer guide to be ready for your job interview. Excellent interview advice and interview tips.
Read more
2 %
The best way to prepare yourself for the interview is to know what may be coming and practice for it in advance. Fear of the unknown can only exist when ...
Read more
44 %
Here are the strongest sample answers to the "Why do you want to work here?" question. Blog; Free Trial; ... Its a best knowledge answer for a job seeker.
Read more
43 %
When it comes to interviewing you need to know what the best answers to interview questions are. The interviewer starts by asking you some basic interview ...
Read more
38 %
Whole-Being Cancer Care Shifting Chronic Disease Paradigm . Explore the treatment options, and make an informed decision about your chronic disease care.
Read more
31 %
How to answer 'tell me about yourself,' in a job interview.Tips on how candidates can answer the tell me about yourself interview question with reasons ...
Read more
21 %
Every candidate gets the "Tell me about yourself" question. Here are some secrets from top coach Pamela Skillings for building an awesome answer.
Read more
8 %
The Best Answers to Tough Interview Questions. Tell me about yourself. This is really more of a request than a question. But these few words can put you on ...
Read more
10 %
This add-on introduces a Best Answer feature. There are 2 options for how best answers are chosen, which can be set in the admin control panel:
Read more
10 %
The Very Best of Yahoo Answers; 16 Broken Signs That Are Finally Being Honest; 12 Pictures That Prove The Singularity Is Upon Us; 11 Of The Worst GoFundMe ...
Read more
10 %
recent questions
Why would Hillary want to praise china for leadership when they kill female Babies atbirth?
Can i get to know a site where i can download free mp3 songs with there original album covers?
This application failed to start because it could not find or load the qt platform plugin windows?
Enter a formula using a counting function to count the number of cells in the Billable? column (cells D2:D14) that are not blank.?
How do I find the domain for my Microsoft calender?
Login to your account
Create new account
Discover Questions
What would the base/acid ratio be for the CH3COOH I CH3COO– system in order to create a pH 4.4? Round to two decimal places.?
Whats the limit(x->inf) of f/g if lim f =1 and lim g =0?
1/9x2/6 in simplest form?
What is the role of sodium chloride in mouth wash?
What is the difference between a polymer and a polygon?
© Ask Drum Tom 2016. All rights reserved.


text:
Taking art to the streets
Relevant offers
When the sun sets, Laser 3.14 takes to Amsterdam's streets.
The middle-aged street artist combs the city's cobbled paths for construction sites and temporary surfaces to add his two lines' worth on social and political matters.
The brief notes are signed with his distinctive tag: Laser 3.14.
Modern art curator and unofficial street art tour guide Rachel Somers Miles describes Laser's graffiti as "poetry".
The street artist, who has been painting his poetry for more than 15 years, has become sought after and is now paid to leave his mark on the city, Somers Miles says.
"It adds an interesting layer of social commentary."
Laser's work has become notorious in Amsterdam and around the world for its ability to speak to a diverse crowd, she says.
As our group, made up of an Australian, an Italian, a Brazilian and a Kiwi, starts the tour, Somers Miles tells us to keep an eye out for Laser's latest work.
He was out the night before, scrawling his thought-provoking musings on pieces of plywood and scaffolding.
Laser's work is not the only street art to lend a modern hand to Amsterdam's old cobbled streets and canalways.
While the city of about 780,000 people is not known for its graffiti, the Dutch capital has drawn renowned street artists from around the world who feel compelled to paint the city red with their spray cans and brushes.
About 30 per cent of Amsterdam's residents work in the creative fields and with museums like the Rijksmuseum, the Stedelijk and Van Gogh - the granddaddy of Expressionism - you have an art environment that's a natural place for artists to be, Somers Miles says.
"It's both very old, yet is really progressive and connected."
The architecture dictates the scale of the street art, which is spread out on walls, doors and fences, unlike in Berlin and London where artists and taggers fight for space.
Somers Miles eloquently argues that street artists who respect the surface they work on deserve the recognition they receive. But there is, of course, a dark side.
Some graffiti artists and taggers lack respect for the city, the architecture and other people's property, giving a bad name to street artists worldwide. And Amsterdam has their fair share of these, Somers Miles says.
Officially, street art and all it involves is illegal in Amsterdam but, like many places, it's not stringently policed.
Dutch regulations stipulate a street artist has to pay for the damage they do. The cost of cleaning spray paint from the brick walls is 150 euros ($241) a square metre and fines for big pieces can add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Street artists can also be thrown in jail and judges are not so lenient on second-time offenders.
Somers Miles says, partly for this reason and partly to avoid any public backlash, street artists work under the cover of night, often wearing hoods and masks, and rarely reveal their true identities.
Plus, it adds to the mystique.
Part of Laser's MO is to only paint on temporary surfaces, but a large spattering of street art in Amsterdam also appears on doors, fences and gates.
Finding walls to paint on is a challenge but non-profit organisation Made Creative, started by artist space and gallery The Garage, has created options for people to showcase their talent.
The organisation has secured the use of a 100 square metre warehouse wall in the city and brings in street artists from the Netherlands and around the world to work on the wall.
Somers Miles says the artists whose work has already featured on the wall have street art and gallery work as part of their practice and are considered at the top of the game in terms of their individual styles.
Generally, each artist's piece stays up for about three months until the next artist is invited to the wall; their work is then painted over, "creating an ongoing and ephemeral cycle of new artwork".
Britain's Ben Eine, the Netherlands' Niels "Shoe" Meulman, France's Ludo, the United States' Amanda Marie and Israel's Broken Fingaz have had their work featured on the wall so far.
Amsterdam's local government is also trying to create legal opportunities and places to paint.
As it does with mainstream practitioners, the city offers sponsorships and commissions to leading graffiti artists. To encourage street artists to work on canvas, it sometimes sponsors exhibitions and buys works for museums such as Noord Brabantsmuseum and Kroller-Muller Museum.
However, Somers Miles' graffiti tour is all about taking it back to the streets, where some of the world's most notorious street artists have left their mark on the city.
If we didn't know where to look, we could easily walk right past some of the more subtle works scattered throughout the city.
The first piece is tucked behind temporary fencing, lending itself to a barrier not unlike those used to protect priceless art at Rijksmuseum.
Hero de Janeiro's colourful characters are obvious to the street art-trained eye.
The Amsterdam artist is a DJ and his recurring characters, including a penguin, Andy Warhol and a 17th century soldier, are always drawn holding a boom box.
Hero de Janeiro's "stickers" are drawn, cut out, then stuck to surfaces using wheat paste.
As we continue our alternative treasure hunt we come across a colourful painting of a woman and a young man with purple hair, created by London-based artist Inkie in 2008.
The walls which are his canvas used to be part of a parking garage that was constantly being painted and re-painted by street artists until the new owner commissioned the piece. The work is still intact, perhaps a sign of respect for one of London's greats.
We move on to a piece by Duo Faile, Brooklyn-based artists Patrick McNeil and Patrick Miller. A horse in scuba gear has been hand-drawn as a sticker, cut out with a craft knife and stuck to a front door.
As the pair grew in popularity, spurred on by a commission from New York City Ballet, collectors made offers to buy the door but its owner turned down all offers, some in the thousands.
As the tour progresses we move onto larger pieces such as a mural commissioned by the Netherlands housing corporation, Ymere.
Painted by Dutch street artists and clothing designer Piet Parra, two walls are inscribed with a phrase suggested by a seven-year old girl from a nearby school: "I play in the city with everything that exists."
Parra started out designing flyers for parties and is now a "heavyweight" on the Dutch creative scene, according to Somers Miles.
Our next stop is the end wall of a four-storey building, home to a mural by a duo who call themselves The London Police.
When city officials tried to have the mural removed, despite the building's owner defending the piece, the city rallied in protest. The mural, an animated self-portrait of the artists, stayed put.
The tour ends back at The Garage for a meeting with the mysterious Laser. We anticipate a grimy, slightly shifty young man with authority issues. In reality, the notorious street artist is a middle-aged businessman.
Getting there
Fly from Auckland via Guangzhou, China, to Schipol Airport, Amsterdam (24 hours not including transit) on China Southern Airlines. Other options include Emirates (via Dubai), Air New Zealand and KLM Airlines.
Staying there
Sir Albert Hotel, next to Museum Square, offers luxury boutique accommodation with rooms from about $320 a night. See booking.com.
More information See amsterdam.info, iamsterdam.com and thegarageamsterdam.com.
The writer travelled to Amsterdam courtesy of booking.com.
- Sunday Star Times
Sponsored links
Dunedin: A small city with big offerings
New Zealand's South Island: The road trip that'll leave you floating above the world
10 of the most magical Christmas markets in Europe
Direct Australia-to-London flights are just around the corner
Qantas ratchets up excess baggage fees by 75 per cent
Samoa: A stunning island paradise
Budget airline, Wow Air, overhauls Iceland's tourism industry
Clifftop village in China builds a huge steel ladder so children can get to school
World's best party destinations: The hottest new places for nightlife
2016 Bach of the Year Golden Piwa Awards: New Zealand's best baches revealed
Lonely Planet names Taranaki one of the world's best regions to visit in 2017
Heathrow airport expansion gets green light despite protests
Exploring the spectacular Hang Son Doong river caves in Quang Binh province, Vietnam
Molesworth Cob Cottage a piece of South Island high country history
Russian base jumper, Valery Rosov, breaks record for world's highest jump
Dunedin: A small city with big offerings
New Zealand's South Island: The road trip that'll leave you floating above the world
10 of the most magical Christmas markets in Europe
Direct Australia-to-London flights are just around the corner
'Worst of the worst': Father conditioned daughter so she thought abuse was normal
Jay-Jay Harvey disappears from radio show and cancels book tour for two weeks
How to make your Lotto windfall last
Paula Bennett's reign as acting Prime Minister ends via text message
Dreamworld accident: Aussie radio host Anna Dare suspended over 'joke'
Australian Jessica Wongso gets 20 years for cyanide murder in Indonesia
Raglan rental shortage forces family to live in tent
Crash causes delays on State Highway 1, north of Wellington
Morning trivia quiz: October 28
Behind the headlines: Chronicling a bizarre e-dating relationship as it blows up online


text:
- Practical advice to help you regularly save money and invest
- Find companies you can trust and the best financial products
- Impartial pensions and Isa tips without the financial jargon
- Your one-stop shop for all money matters
These days, life without a mobile phone seems almost impossible to contemplate. When leaving the house, these little packages of plastic have become as essential as your door keys and wallet - just as on-tap communication has become essential to functional modern living.
Protecting your phone
That's why, when it comes to protecting your mobile phone, providers often try to push customers to take out their insurance at the same time.
After all, what would you do if it was lost, damaged or stolen? But with contract phone cover costing from £5 a month – up to as much as £12 a month for the iPhone – is this a price worth paying?
Really, this comes down to what kind of phone you have, says Gareth Kloet, head of utilities at price comparison service Confused.com. "If a regular phone is lost or broken, it can be easily replaced.
"On the other hand, if you have an expensive model that you may not be able to afford to replace, you could end up paying line rental for the rest of the contract term without a phone if you are without cover." Top-of-the-line models like smartphones, for example, cost as much as £600.
Terms and conditions
Even if you do opt for cover, there will probably be exclusions that the salesperson may not explain, says Ernest Doku, mobile expert at price comparison service uSwitch.
"For example, the phone is not covered if it's left unattended in a public space, and a claim could be rejected unless a theft is reported to the police within 24 or 48 hours."
Thinking ahead..
The key is not to sign up for insurance when buying your mobile and give yourself time to think and shop around.
"While the salesperson may make their insurance sound like a good deal, it's worth checking whether you're already covered on your home insurance for example – or even as part of a packaged bank account," says Andrew Hagger, spokesperson from price comparison service moneynet.co.uk.
He adds: "You may be able to get a better deal by taking a quick look at standalone phone insurance from specialists such as talkcover.co.uk. or cusc.co.uk."
Royal bank of Scotland insure your mobile as part of royalties gold Current account package
Mobile phone insurance is great for covering newly bought high-tech gadgets against theft or damage. There are so many insurance plans some of which offer replacements in the event of theft, loss or damage.To find the best insurance provider you need to check the excess on the policy and read reviews about that policy.


text:
£375,000 Guide Price
4 Bedrooms Detached House for sale
A period home with ample reception space and stunning rear garden making this a must see home. in brief the accommodation comprises entrance porch, entrance hallway, lounge with period…
3 Bedrooms Semi Detached House for sale
Welford Road, Leicester, Leicestershire
A well presented three bedroom semi detached property with accommodation comprising entrance hall, lounge and dining kitchen. on the first floor are three bedrooms and family bathroom.…
Free Instant Valuation
Find out if you are charging enough rent or what your property would be worth if you were to sell now