text:
- Diane Harrison
- 1 years ago
- Views:
1 VI. Évfolyam 2. szám június Veres Viktória ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORIST FINANCING IN PRACTICE WITH THE EYES OF AN ONLINE FINANCIAL BUSINESS Absztrakt Ez az írás egy EU tagállam, Ciprus példáján keresztül mutatja be a pénzmosás és a terrorizmus finanszírozása megelőzésére vonatkozó szabályozást. A szerző e szabályozás legfontosabb rendelkezéseit foglalja röviden össze egy gyakorlati példán keresztül: egy online pénzügyi szolgáltatást nyújtó bróker cég szemszögéből. A cikk egy olyan kutatás része, amely a pénzmosást és illegális pénzműveleteket a katasztrófák zavargások és háborúk összefüggésében vizsgálja. This article examines an EU member state, Cyprus example of the Anti-Money Laundering regulations. The author looks at and summarizes the most important provisions of law from practical considerations, outlines the problems and implementation opportunities related from an online financer service provider (broker) view. This article is bases to a research of money laundering and illegal financial transactions in times of disasters, riots and wars. Kulcsszavak: biztonság, pénzmosás elleni szabályozás, pénzmosás elleni küzdelem, internetes broker ~ safety, money laundering legislation, anti-money laundering practice, online broker 123
2 1. INTRODUCTION Money laundering is a threat to the good functioning of a financial system; however, it can also be the Achilles heel of criminal activity. 1 Money Laundering and Terrorist financing is not only a serious threat to economy and business but at large it has a negative impact to society, therefore combating is international responsibility at all level 2. As the financial system`s complexity has been rapidly growing and changing for example payment methods used more and more frequently for cross border transactions and support customer anonymity and quick movement of money ` a national system must be flexible enough to be able to extend countermeasures to new areas of its own economy`3. These new areas include especially handling the e-society and e-commerce that enables criminals to perform illegal activities in a widely sophisticated way. Different countries have similar approach towards AML and TF, but the counties of the European Union have taken extra efforts and actions to customize their approach and actions even in their legislation. The AML regulations are very similar in the member states as they are implemented from the same root, the actual money laundering Directive the European Parliament and the Council in the European Union.4 Among other initiatives, the member states require companies registered under their territory to comply with the provisions of the law and report yearly, monthly and on demand to relevant institutions, these institutions share their data if needed. The directive is based among other on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations, which working groups are dedicated to work out up-to-date recommendations on Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing related issues from multiple sectors. The article takes into consideration the Prevention and Suppression of Money Laundering Activities Law N188(I)/22075 in Cyprus and the Directive of Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing DI of the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission.7 1 Financial Action Force: Money Laundering FAQ Definition of ML and FT: WorldBank Reference Guide to Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Second Edition and Supplement on Special Recommendation IX Financial Action Force: Money Laundering FAQ Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing (Text with EEA relevance) 5 Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and solidated%20law%20188_i 2007,%2058_I 2010_final% pdf?OpenElement 6 Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission: Directive Dι & Dι (Α) Of The Cyprus Securities And Exchange Commission For The Prevention Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing 7 From here the expressions like Law or Legislation will refer to these 2 implemented in Cyprus based on the 3rd ML Directive of the European Union. 124
3 The legislation aims safer financial environment for customers, helps to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, on the other hand companies in the private sector are struggling with the resources to be allocated to these tasks especially in times of financial crises, disasters and political crisis s. Therefore it is essential to make companies interested in AML and TF besides the fact that they are exposed to fines and imprisonment. This article examines the legislation from operational overview, considers the most relevant provisions of the law and outlines some possible problems and implementation opportunities connected to them from an online broker company and its customers view. Companies in the brokerage sector or those providing online financial services are more likely involved in the Layering phrase of money laundering than in the Placement or Integration part therefore the assets must be focused on this 8, 9 and also these companies have to cope with the fact that there is no face-to-face interaction with the customers and that most of the transactions are carried out online. In practice there are 3 key elements on company level to combat money laundering and terrorist financing to avoid the abuse of the company systems for layering ML: risk approach based right procedures and IT solutions to flag suspicious transactions, employee awareness and suspicious client or transaction reporting. This article will be followed by a research of money laundering and illegal financial transactions in times of disasters, riots, civil wars, etc. Basic provisions of legislation discussed in this article The basic provisions of ML and TF of the examined legislation among others are the following for companies 10 : Appoint an independent Money Laundering Officer (MLCO) Create, maintain and implement an Anti Money Laundering Manual (AML) External and internal reporting of suspicious transactions to the relevant authorities Report cash transactions to the relevant authorities Create, implement, maintain and monitor procedures into the operating systems and control to make sure that the established and implemented procedures prevent the abuse of the Company`s systems for Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing purposes. Maintain, monitor and record customer information and transactions in a way that helps to spot suspicious activity Evaluate 3rd party dependencies Examine new products and markets to combat AML and TF risks arising from the company`s new activities 8 Money Laundering FAQ More on the 3 stages of ML: International Money Laundering Information Bureau 10 Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission: Directive Dι & Dι (Α) Of The Cyprus Securities And Exchange Commission For The Prevention Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing 125
4 Improve employee awareness by regular trainings, distribute the AML Manual, make sure employees understand their obligations ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORIST FINANCING IN PRACTICE Appointment of Money Laundering and Compliance Officer (MLCO) Companies under this legislation are obligated to appoint MLCO and ensure that its function is independent. The MLCO is responsible to carry out the provisions of law by actively participating in the company`s policymaking, business development, moreover to create, implement, maintain and monitor procedures of the operating systems and control in order to identify risks arising and take necessary steps. The employment of an MLCO might cause problems especially for small and medium companies as this profession requires complex legal, economic, business, financial and physiology knowledge and strong personal skills. The MLCO function as full time profession is relatively new therefore there is a shortage at the labor market of well educated and experienced employees. As a result the salary expectation of this profession puts a pressure on small and medium sized, especially new companies. Moreover in order to successfully fulfill its tasks the MLCO is to be trained and needs to train, this is also an addiction to the company costs. The MLCO shall be involved into the company`s life wherever risks of ML and TF may arise such as when a company develops a new product, introduces a new payment method, or penetrates into a new market. There might be an opposition from the various departments to coordinate with the MLCO on these issues. Understanding the importance of the MLCO involvement of the department managers is essential and must be built and developed from the beginning. Most importantly the successful combat against ML and TF lies in the hands and responsibility of the management in order to assign sufficient resources to these functions. Anti Money Laundering Manual (AML Manual) and Employee Training Every company falling under the mentioned legislation must create and update on a regular bases a Manual that describes the company`s AML and TF practices, procedures and measures. This Manual must be distributed, thought and understood by all employees of the company. 11 AML manuals are usually too long and complex to expect employees to read and take right consequences. Trainings are effective ways to communicate the legislation, AML and TF obligation, needs and procedures. Companies carrying out operations in more branches or countries must find cost effective ways. For example yearly one on-site training, and online training for new employees between on-site training periods. Not only the distribution of the AML manual and training is essential, but the establishment of a dynamic knowledgebase with case studies and examples contribute to the goals. For example knowledgebase and circulars are a good way to update employees dealing with customers from the Middle East on the increasing risks and vulnerabilities following the political crises. Companies must make sure that their employees understand and follow the AML Manual, but most importantly that they are aware of their obligations such as how not to get part of 11 Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission: Directive Dι & Dι (Α) Of The Cyprus Securities And Exchange Commission For The Prevention Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing section VIII 126
5 ML and TF, how to spot and who to report suspicious customers and transactions. Employees who understand the real meaning of `dirty money` and the flow of the ML activity are more likely to report suspicious activity: at trainings it is important to emphasize something that they are sensitive to, for example that the dirty money can come from child abuse or human trafficking and by not taking steps they indirectly might help these criminals. Reporting Companies and employees are obligated for internal and external reporting and cash transaction reporting to an appointed person and relevant authorities. 12 Internal Reports: Internal Suspicion Reports are done by employees who suspect that a customer might use the company for ML and TF purposes, the money laundering officer must evaluate these reports, perform due diligence and decide if it is to be reported to the relevant authorities. The main problem with these reporting is that in practice employees with commission based salaries are not interested in reporting suspicious transactions as it can lead to losing customers and commission while the reporting (filling the Internal Suspicion Report forms, participating and providing information for internal evaluation) and follow ups might cause further inconvenience for them. Therefore, the MLCO must find the right procedures and monitoring to enforce the Law. The below slide shows the recommended flow of the suspicious transaction reporting from any employee of the company through the MLCO to the relevant Unit MOKAS in Cyprus. 1. picture. Suspicious Transaction Reporting Flow Prepared by the author Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and 2010, section
6 External Reports: o Suspicious Transaction reports to relevant authority (based on the evaluated Internal Suspicion Reports) o Annual reports to relevant authority 14 o In Cyprus, the Relevant Authority (CySec) will not reflect the result of the review of the report to the Company and do not give recommendations to improve specific procedures. Companies can use the services of local External Auditors for this purpose before submitting the report, further costs apply. o Cash transaction Reports above a specific amount set in legislation 15 o Online companies obligated to issue monthly reports are facing problems with what kind of transaction in considered cash. In practice companies should consider Western Union, MoneyGram, etc transactions as cash, therefore include them into reporting. Operational solutions for preventing Money Laundering This part of the article describes the recommended policies and measure taken by online financial companies regarding combating ML and TF including new and existing clients, transactions, new products, new markets, etc. Operational measures to prevent ML deals with issues related to money laundering and terrorist financing and include the assessments of the current weaknesses. Measures and procedures undertaken by the Company in order to prevent money laundering and terror financing should be based on the relevant legislation of Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing. The policies and procedures include steps to be taken by the different operating teams in the Company in order to be able to identify possible Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing activities. However, usually the directives are not tailored for online flow of money. Implementation of such regulation into operational procedures in online financial services might be not cost effective, the risks that companies might take by not complying with the law depends on the company`s illegality tolerance. Using the right assessment tool to understand our compliance risk fitness, the risk based method can help a company to find the right balance to deal with risks arising from non-compliance with the legislation Slide was prepared by the author for company AML and TF training purposes, picture of the $ sign was taken from 800wi.jpg 14 United Kingdom example of how to build an annual report, same can be used in Cyprus or any other EU country: Joint Money Laundering Steering Group MLRO Annual Report 15 Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and 2010 sections Open Compliance and Ethics Group (OCEG): Compliance Risk Fitness: Assessing and Treating the Real Risks to Compliance webinar held 2/6/
7 Risk based approach Companies shall implement the risk based approach 17 into their policies and procedures in order to manage risks in an effective and affordable way. The Risk based approach includes the identification, recording and evaluation of combination of triggers and indicators of various Risks which may be related to money laundering and terrorist financing. These can be categorized as the following: Risks based on Client`s account type and nature (Corporate accounts, customers from high risk countries) Risks based on Client`s behavior (non communicating clients, clients unwillingness to provide identification documents, transactions that are flagged by Automatic system (as described in point 8 below) Risks based on the Client`s initial communication with the Company (clients introduces by third person, branches outside of the Republic, managed accounts) Risks based on the Company`s Services and financial instruments (3rd party payments, large and high frequency of transactions) In order to manage the above mentioned risk categories, the Company should define measures and procedures to be approved by the MLCO and performed by the various teams of the Company. For examples: Client Risk Categorization Identification Verification Due Diligence Procedures Transaction monitoring (deposits, withdrawals, money movements) Ongoing monitoring of high risk clients, etc Client categorization Client categorization is not only provision of law, but also utilized as a tool for the risk management. The division of clients into different risk levels groups enables the risk analyst to cope with high volumes and focus on relevant customers and apply different monitoring and verification procedures for each risk group. The categorization of the clients and ML prevention processes are based among others, on the type of the client, his geographic location, economic profile, personal information, trading activity, and the funding methods he uses. The risk analysis uses own discretion for categorization. Though regulation gives clear instruction on how to categorize Customers but it cannot be effectively applied at online brokers: all non face-to-face customers should be considered as high risk clients and enchanted due diligence must be performed. 18 In order to keep the economic sense 4 levels of risk categorization are recommended Low risk clients with low-risk results in client identification and due diligence Normal risk clients: for example clients from EEA countries using EEA registered financial institutions for all kind of money flow 17 Directive Dι & Dι (Α) Of The Cyprus Securities And Exchange Commission For The Prevention Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Part IV 18 Directive Dι & Dι (Α) Of The Cyprus Securities And Exchange Commission For The Prevention Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Fourth Appendix 129
8 High risk clients with enhanced client identification and due diligence measures: for example countries that have not implemented FAFT recommendations, `Enhanced customer due diligence measures must be taken in all other instances which due to their nature entail a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing.`19 Not acceptable customers, for example customers from groups or countries who are under UN embargo Client Acceptance Policy The MLCO is responsible to apply all previsions of the Client Acceptance Policy assisted by other departments and to ensure that the Risk based approach is implemented. The Client Acceptance Policy is the most cardinal problem of the legislation and practice. There is a conflict of objectives. The legislation requires companies not to establish business relationship with any customers before full Customer Identification Verification (see point 4 below). Also, the General Manager should approve all new Customers before performing any transactions. Customers investing USD to try the service will unlikely want to send certified passport and utility bill copies and it is impossible for a General Manager at a company to review and approve personally new customers a day. Companies are exposed by losing customers or not complying with the Client Acceptance Policy requirements. Lack of Customer Awareness on regulations will be mentioned later in this article at the difficulties of building an Economic Profile. Customer Identification Procedure Companies should apply a Customer Identification Procedure 20 using different Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols for Individual and Corporate accounts. The identification procedure is based on Know Your Customer documents and information recorded and provided by the Client at registration. Verification documents should be accepted only in colored copies. Clients must provide Identification verification documents as per the following: Clear color copy of government issued Passport including written signature (government issued IDs can be accepted as well and in special cases like India, Tax Authority Card provided the photo and signature of the Client is visible) Clear copy of recent Utility Bill (any bill that is not older than 3 moths and comes to the trading account holders name and address of residence e.g. water bill, electric, gas, telephone etc ) or Bank Statement Clear color copy of both sides of the Credit Cards used to fund the account, if any (the middle 8 digits from the front and the CVV number from the back is to be masked) Further supporting documentation may be requested by the risk management team, if required. 19 Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and 2010 section 64 (2) 20 Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and 2010 section
9 This can be followed by transaction and trading activity review (if exists): As part of the verification process the Risk Analyst should reviews the Customers Economic Profile including trading activity, relations by computer, payment method and transaction history. Corporate Client Identification further needs are that all corporate accounts should undergo a special evaluation by the MLCO before any transactions are carried out. In order to successfully verify Corporate Clients Company shall carry out a 3 step procedure: Identifying the Company, directors, authorized signatories, ownership structure, etc with the following documents: o Certificate of shareholders o Articles of association o Certificate of directors o Certificate of incorporation o Passport copy of the directors o Board resolution Identifying the Authorized Person with the same procedure as it was an Individual Client Requesting and examining the Power of Attorney given by the directors to an Authorized Person for authorized actions. The Authorized Person can be an employee of the Corporate Client or other such as an Introducing Broker. World Check as Due Diligence tool 21 Use of external data base for electronic KYC is recommended. Providers as World Check System 22 can be used in order to identify possible Politically Exposed Persons, perform passport checks, confirm that the customer is not blacklisted or committed crime. Problem with these systems might be that the data provided is not correct (from experience I can tell that for example if an incorrect passport number is uploaded for a person having the same name as a weapon smuggler can be a misleading match that can cause losing customers) so even if a positive match is showing, the case must be reviewed and investigated by the Company to close out incorrect information. In case the positive match is justified the relevant initiations must be informed to help their investigation. Construction of Client Economic Profile The construction of the Client Economic Profile should be defined by the MLCO, and carried out by all relevant departments. The data and information collected for this purpose should be stored in the company s systems. Example of the data that can be collected and evaluated: Information required by Client Acceptance Policy Client Identification Verification Anticipated account turnover Purpose of the business relationship with the Company Employment history, contacting employer, verifying income Family status, number of people living in the same household 21 Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and 2010 section World Check
10 On site visit at the customers residence Client transaction history review at Client Identity verification and withdrawal approval Many customers find the establishing of their Economic Profile as inconvenience, they do not want to provide this kind of information and complain that other companies do not ask for this information. There is a lack of customer education on AML and TF issues and instead of having a greater trust towards companies who comply with regulations they end the business relationship and go to another Company with less `needs`. Experience shows that even if we inform customers that building an economic profile shows that we take regulations seriously. Customers do not consider it as a positive indicator. Especially in the EU there are plenty of official materials on the requirements of regulated financial Companies (example an Appropriateness Test), Customers are simply not aware of it. 23 This resistance and noncooperation of Customers pushes Companies towards not complying and request less information to keep customers and grow business. Third Party Payments and double funding Third Party transactions should not be allowed in the Company s system with the exception of the Clients and the third Party`s written authorization (Power of Attorney) and full Identification Verification. The Company cannot allow deposits from corporate accounts to individual accounts and any private transactions funding corporate account. In such events, the MLCO shall instruct the finance department to refund the money to the same source and will notify the account owner to refrain from such transactions in the future. Automatic system Alerts: Money laundering activities can be limited by a set of automatic system alerts and flags of accounts and transactions which are triggered by similar indicators below: Apply automatic deposit limitations. In order to release the deposit limits from the account, the MLCO should accept the client. Identify and flag Name Conflicts: last and first name of the Credit Card holder are different from the customer name as registered in our system. Identify and flag Bin conflicts: client`s country in registration form does not match the Credit Card issuer country. Limit the number of allowed ewallet accounts used in the system from the last risk review by maximum 2 Deposit country Conflict: Client tries to deposit from a country different than the country he has registered from. The system shall be designed to limit the number of credit cards that are used by the client based on the rules set by the MLCO. First transaction and deposit manual review The Company should set monitoring procedures on Customers deposits. Reviews should apply on all Customers first deposits. Additional reviews can be carried out in case of alerts 23 Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) A consumer s guide to MiFID Investing in financial products 132
11 that are generated by the company s proprietary risk system or in case of alerts that are received by the payment service providers. Security reviews are performed by the Risk, Operations and Payment departments. The following deposit characteristics can trigger more detailed investigation: Indication for possible fraud by the payment processor (example - decline by the bank due to stolen credit cards) Third party payments the account holder name is different from the owner of the deposited funds. Aggressive trading and wrong contact details. Multiple accounts connected to the same means of payment. Too many transactions, too complex deposit pattern Too many declined transactions Multiple deposit methods used on the same account Sleeping Money customer deposited but not touching the money Too frequent in and outgoing payments Change in the deposit behavior - small transactions followed by a not justifiable high deposit Companies with that integrated multiple regulated e-payment service providers or credit card payment services allow its clients to deposit and withdraw funds from their accounts in real time or almost real time. Regulated e-wallets such as Paypal, MoneyBookers and Neteller are performing identification verification checks to their clients according to European standards, but at the same time allow their clients to shop online securely without disclosing the payment methods that have been used to fund their e-wallet accounts. Most of the Company risk management and verification models relays on verification of ownership of the payment methods but not on verification of the origin of the funds as it would cause not bearable costs for the risk management. Withdrawal processes The Company should use identification verification and withdrawal policies in order to protect its Customers and prevent contributing to money laundering activities when sending funds. One of such policies that can be used by the Company in the withdrawal process is as following: Predefined approval protocol that includes list of authorizations required (MLCO, Trading manager, General Manager) based on amount of money that is requested to be withdrawn. As a rule, withdrawal requests should be processed to the original means of payment that has been used by the Customer to fund his trading account. If the Customer has deposited via credit card or e-wallet, the payment team must strive to pay the client back to the same cards or e-wallet account. If circumstances prevent the company from transferring the withdrawals to the original means of payment, the owner of the trading account will be requested to provide alternative payment method (by default wire transfer details). Withdrawal requests should be manually approved by Risk Department. The following information should be reviewed: Withdrawal request amount Withdrawal method Customer verification Copies of all Credit Cards used in our system are provided 133
12 Customer country of origin of the funds and the Client, transaction history Limited cash withdrawal payments shall be processed and all funds are to be processed via regulated financial entities that are following additional AML protocols. Special attention should be given in cases of large withdrawal requests from high risk countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, etc. and in cases of large withdrawal requests on accounts with limited trading activity relatively to the amount of funds deposited in the account. SUMMARY There are plenty of issues that have not been reflected in this article such as Partner AML and TF risk management, AML program for branches outside of the EEA, customers with specific needs or statuses, etc, but it gives a short overview on the complexity and additional resource needs of implementing AML and TF regulation to Company levels. It is obvious that Companies have difficulties to allocate enough resources and knowledge to create, enforce, maintain and monitor measures to all levels of the company. Countries and Regulatory Bodies should consider the characteristics of online financial service providers when designing the provisions, as to fully comply with the present legislation can lead to an uneconomic operation, loosing market, customers and competitiveness. The key is to ensure that the Company (with the help of the MLCO) establishes, maintains and improves a professional AML policy that is respected and followed by all employees, a policy that prevents money launderers to abuse the Company`s system, also can be supported with resources and do not harm the online based business model. References: [1] Financial Action Force: Money Laundering FAQ [2] WorldBank Reference Guide to Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism Second Edition and Supplement on Special Recommendation IX [3] Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing (Text with EEA relevance) [4] Law Office of the Republic of Cyprus: The Prevention And Suppression Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing Laws Of 2007 and F960/$file/AML%20consolidated%20law%20188_I 2007,%2058_I 2010_final% pdf?OpenElement [5] Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission: Directive Dι & Dι (Α) Of The Cyprus Securities And Exchange Commission For The Prevention Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing 08.pdf 134
13 [6] International Money Laundering Information Bureau [7] Picture of the $ sign was taken from [8] Joint Money Laundering Steering Group MLRO Annual Report [9] Open Compliance and Ethics Group (OCEG): Compliance Risk Fitness: Assessing and Treating the Real Risks to Compliance webinar held 2/6/2011 [10] World Check [11] Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) A consumer s guide to MiFID Investing in financial products 135
Guidelines for the prudential assessment of acquisitions and increases in holdings in the financial sector required by Directive 2007/44/EC
CEBS/2008/214 CEIOPS-3L3-19/08 CESR/08-543b Guidelines for the prudential assessment of acquisitions and increases in holdings in the financial sector required by Directive 2007/44/EC [1] Table of contentsMore information
Banks control of financial crime risks in trade finance
Financial Conduct Authority Thematic Review TR13/3 Banks control of financial crime risks in trade finance July 2013 This report contains new examples of good and poor practice. Please see GC13/3 for ourMore information
FAIS NEWSLETTER VOL. 6 1 FAIS NEWSLETTER. Cursory overview of Money Laundering 2-3. Money Laundering Legislations in South Africa 4-11
FAIS NEWSLETTER VOL. 6 1 Financial Services Board FAIS NEWSLETTER IN THIS ISSUE Volume 6 June 2008 TOPIC PAGE Introduction 2 Cursory overview of Money Laundering 2-3 Financial Action Task Force 3 MoneyMore information
UN Guiding Principles on Business. Discussion Paper for Banks on Implications of Principles 16 21
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Discussion Paper for Banks on Implications of Principles 16 21 The Thun Group of Banks October 2013 Table of contents Introduction 3 The Thun Group backgroundMore information
Mutual Evaluation of the Netherlands February 2014
2 ND FOLLOW-UP REPORT Mutual Evaluation of the Netherlands February 2014 FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an independent inter-governmental body that develops and promotesMore information
politically exposed persons
FATF Guidance politically exposed persons (recommendations 12 and 22) June 2013 FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an independent inter-governmental body that developsMore information
EBA Guidelines on Internal Governance (GL 44)
EBA Guidelines on Internal Governance (GL 44) London, 27 September 2011 1 Contents I. Executive Summary... 3 II. Background and rationale... 7 1. Importance of internal governance... 7 2. Purpose and scopeMore information
Code of CONDUCT 2013
Code of CONDUCT 2013 Dear Colleagues: For 200 years, we have built strong relationships with our clients, shareholders, and communities by providing outstanding service and doing business according toMore information
EQT Valu-Trac Equity Income Generation Fund
EQT Valu-Trac Equity Income Generation Fund Product Disclosure Statement ARSN 098 764 080 APIR MMC0110AU Issue Date 09 June 2014 This Product Disclosure Statement ( PDS ) has been prepared and issued byMore information
Due diligence for joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions in China
Due diligence for joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions in China There are many ways to enter the Chinese market, including the establishment of a representative office, outsourcing production, foundingMore information
United States General Accounting Office GAO. Internal Control Standards. Internal Control Management and Evaluation Tool. August 2001 GAO-01-1008G
GAO United States General Accounting Office Internal Control Standards August 2001 Internal Control Management and Evaluation Tool GAO-01-1008G PREFACE August 2001 The General Accounting Office (GAO)More information
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Customer due diligence for banks
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Customer due diligence for banks October 2001 Working Group on Cross-border Banking Co-Chairs: Mr Charles Freeland, Deputy Secretary General, Basel Committee onMore information
Financial Action Task Force Groupe d'action financière
Financial Action Task Force Groupe d'action financière MONEY LAUNDERING & TERRORIST FINANCING VULNERABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL WEBSITES AND INTERNET PAYMENT SYSTEMS 18 June 2008 FATF/OECD 2008 All rightsMore information
Standards for Internal Control
Standards for Internal Control in New York State Government October 2007 Thomas P. DiNapoli State Comptroller A MESSAGE FROM STATE COMPTROLLER THOMAS P. DINAPOLI My Fellow Public Servants: For over twentyMore information
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL JUSTICE and CONSUMERS CALL FOR PROPOSALS JUST/2014/RDAP/AG/HARM
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL JUSTICE and CONSUMERS Call for proposals for action grants CALL FOR PROPOSALS Action grants to support transnational projects aiming to prevent, inform about andMore information
Implications of the European Commission s proposal for a general data protection regulation for business
Implications of the European Commission s proposal for a general data protection regulation for Final report to the Information Commissioner s Office Prepared by May 2013 About is one of Europe's leadingMore information
Risk-Based Approach Guidance for the Life Insurance Sector
Financial Action Task Force Groupe d action financière FATF Report Risk-Based Approach Guidance for the Life Insurance Sector October 2009 THE FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF) The Financial Action TaskMore information
Principles for the Management of Credit Risk
Principles for the Management of Credit Risk I. Introduction 1. While financial institutions have faced difficulties over the years for a multitude of reasons, the major cause of serious banking problemsMore information
Good Business for Small Business. Handbook Best financial practices for Canadian businesses
Good Business for Small Business Handbook Best financial practices for Canadian businesses www.visa.ca/smallbusiness Table of Contents Introduction ii I. Financing: Getting money to start and run yourMore information
Personal Banking. Terms and Conditions
Personal Banking Terms and Conditions This leaflet is also available in large print. If you are unhappy with your choice of account, you have 14 days to cancel it. That 14 day period runs from the laterMore information
Commonwealth Bank First Home Saver Account
Commonwealth Bank First Home Saver Account (No longer for sale) Dated 25 May 2015 Terms and conditions These terms and conditions should be read in conjuction with the First Home Saver Account ProductMore information
Guggenheim Life and Annuity Company
Guggenheim Life and Annuity Company ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING POLICY AND PROCEDURES EFFECTIVE: JULY, 2015 AML POLICY 07/2015 email@example.com 800 767 7749 PHONE 317 574 6253 FACSIMILE PAGEMore information
How to Decide to Use the Internet to Deliver Government Programs and Services
How to Decide to Use the Internet to Deliver Government Programs and Services 1 Internet Delivery Decisions A Government Program Manager s Guide How to Decide to Use the Internet to Deliver GovernmentMore information
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 260 COMMUNICATION WITH THOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE (Effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, 2009) CONTENTS ParagraphMore information
Business Guidelines. To our valued agents...
Business Guidelines Guggenheim Life and Annuity Company 10689 N. Pennsylvania, Suite 200 Indianapolis, IN 46280-0248 800-767-7749 www.guggenheiminsurance.com To our valued agents... As a representativeMore information
Contracting & Licensing Documents General Agent Appointment Life Insurance
Contracting & Licensing Documents General Agent Appointment Life Insurance SA-9635-L3LIFE.Rev.4.13 CONTRACTING AND LICENSING DOCUMENTS 1. Contracting and Licensing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------More information
Guideline 6A: Record Keeping and Client Identification for Life Insurance Companies, Brokers and Agents
Guideline 6A: Record Keeping and Client Identification for Life Insurance Companies, Brokers and Agents Rev. 2014-02 Guideline 6A: Record Keeping and Client Identification for Life Insurance Companies,More information
MiFID Information brochure
MiFID Information brochure for clients of Raiffeisen Bank Polska S.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1. A guide to MiFID 4 I. What is MiFID? 4 II. The process of providing investment services 4 A. Pre-trade 5More information
Council of the European Union Brussels, 20 March 2015 (OR. en)
Conseil UE Council of the European Union Brussels, 20 March 2015 (OR. en) PUBLIC Interinstitutional File: 2014/0121 (COD) 7315/15 LIMITE DRS 26 CODEC 366 NOTE From: To: Presidency/General Secretariat ofMore information
Guidelines on the Application of the Supervisory Review Process under Pillar 2 (CP03 revised)
25 January 2006 Guidelines on the Application of the Supervisory Review Process under Pillar 2 (CP03 revised) Table of contents Executive Summary...2 Chapter 1: Introduction...4 Chapter 2. Guidance forMore information


text:
Digital Architect
Johannesburg • Permanent
Bullet points
- Digital Architect, Enterprise Architect, Solutions Architect
- Digital Architect - BAnking and Financial Services
About Our Client
My client, one of the largest banking and financial services companies in the country based in Johannesburg, is looking for a Digital Architect who will be responsible for the adoption of digital technologies and experiences across all business points.
Job Description
My client, one of the largest banking and financial services companies in the country based in Johannesburg, is looking for a Digital Architect who will be responsible for the adoption of digital technologies and experiences across all business points. The incumbent will champion the use of information and technology in business model design, and in all aspects of the business to create success in the areas of customer experience and operations. The Digital Architect will primarily be focused on to-be architecture and will be required to docuemnt and publish across all IT disciplines. As such the role will cover all domains of enterprise architecture, business, data, and infrastructure.
Key responsibilites:
Digital strategy:
- Together with CIO and EA work with executives to rollout and update the digital vision for business units, and identify the opportunities for differentiating and enhancing digital capabilities and solutions.
- Together with CIO and EA lead the development of the digital business strategy and road map, and ensures its integration with the enterprise strategic planning process, and the resulting business strategy and plans.
- Provides a single point of coordination and executive oversight for all digital initiatives and transformation projects.
- Assess external digital opportunities and threats as key inputs to making the best decisions on business strategy given digital realities.
- Lead the process to identify and evaluate internal digital asset capabilities and strengths.
Installation and configuration (Maintenance and New Requirements):
- Partner with the IT organization to develop and exploit new digital business solutions to create a competitive edge for the enterprise. May also own and lead development teams and projects directly.
- Plan and implement future IT developments and undertake project work whilst maintaining balance between innovation and pragmatism when determining the practical application of new ideas.
- Ensure that the organization develops the digital assets and capabilities that business will need to survive and thrive in the midterm and long term.
The Successful Applicant
Business / Industry Experience:
- 7+ years experience, ideally in business management, IT management or marketing
- 2+ years experience in information intensive industries or digitally advanced enterprises
- Business or entrepreneurial experiences demonstrating strong business acumen
- Experience in banking, stockbroking, transactional finance, insurance, etc...
- Experience in Web and Mobile initiatives to improve business process and client interaction
- Matric plus appropriate tertiary qualification - B.Sc (Computer Science) or B.Sc (Information Systems), B.Com, etc.
- Further training/requirements : Additional education in marketing as well as information and technology disciplines is desirable as well as an approved Project Management qualification
- Knowledge of TOGAF, SOA, SDLC, Agile
- Expert level knowledge of current and emerging digital technologies
- Understanding of Microsoft technologies, tools and environment.
- Understanding of limits and opportunities of mobile devices and the benefits they pose to financial mobile applications.
What's on Offer
Market related

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Please select category that most closely reflects your concern about the post, so that we can review it and determine if it violates our Terms of Use or isn't appropriate for viewers.
Thank you for helping us by reporting bad content.
Hey guys!
Here is a haul with RGB and Deborah Lippmann polish!
I tried for the first ever a RGB polish when I got a full size polish in one of my monthly subscription boxes and fell in love with the formula so finally gave in and bought some more. There was actually one more color I wanted but they were sold out. This is a little difficult to get your hands on in Toronto because only one boutique sells it but other than that it`s totally worth the hassle of buying and the cost.
I picked up Camp and Punch!
As far as Derobah Lippmann ones go these are my first! And might be my last for a while because they are so DAMN expensive!!
I got Across the Universe (blue) and Wicked Game (multitone) which is the one I`m most excited for!
PS dif lighting and quality of the pics because they were taken dif days and with dif cameras!
Source link:


text:
I want to buy a bunch of books from Everyman's Library. Which books are definitely worth buying?
None of them are worth it at retail. Those things are everywhere. Just keep your pants on and go to a few library book sales.
Is someone trying to make a meme of this? I'm seeing a lot of Everyman threads -- they are very good though.
Really mate just buy the books that you want to read.
dat same time post action. I agree though, someone is definitely memeing this.
Is there such a thing as wish-fulfillment romantic fiction for men?
Please respond.
Anything criticised for having a magic pixie dream girl archetype in.
Wes Anderson Movies. All art house indie dramas. I'm sure there are some books too but who could be bothered to read them.
>who could be bothered to read them.
Is "The Decline of The West" worth reading?
I'm nearly a third of the way through the book, and I'm finding it to be a blissful experience. It's like talking to an old woman who has been traveling through history over the course of her lifetime.
It's not to be missed, but you'll find difficulty in taking notes at times!
nice handwriting and thick bitch, anon
Why do you mean by "find difficulty in taking notes at times"?
Is there such thing as a good book with a female protagonist? pic unrelated
>The crying of Lot 49
>The Bell Jar
>¡Que Viva la Música!
What are some short story collections I should look at to get into reading?
Is reading one short story a day a reasonable goal?
Chekhov, Flannery O'Connor, Carver, Gogol, Kafka... those are kinda entry level (which doesn't mean they're bad) short story writers.
Yeah, you should read one story a day imo. That's the best way you cant start enjoying reading; if you don't finish a story or chapter in a reading session, it may be difficult to engage with it later.
I'd add Cortázar and Rulfo to that list, and state that I strongly support Chekov as a first-read regarding short stories.
After those, you can scale up to more mid-tier to high-tier authors such as Borges or Calvino.
Her Smoke Rose Up Forever by James Tiptree Jr.
Gutshot by Amelia Gray
well that was depressing
Quelle surprise.
>TFW the existential crisis of Javer being unable to uphold the law while also being moral
>TFW his suicide
javier did nothing wrong
Is there a secret? Some other randomer the other day stated that you should always avoid women that don't fit into either 'wife' or 'slut,' and that they're always sexual, that everything they do should be motivated by their sexuality first and foremost.
That's not true, is it? If not, how -do- you write women? Don't write "like men"
Pic unrelated.
Why don't you try spending some time with them and observing how they act then writing characters on that basis?
Well first of all, I'm not gonna manipulate someone untill I'm a close enough friend to find out all their secrets and ways of thoughts n motivations
Second of all, you really don't learn much from day to day conversations about vapid shit. I might just act too autistic to notice that stuff.
This. Do you have to be spoonfed instructions on how to write every little thing that you don't immediately know how to write? Look at the women in your life and try to find something they all more in less have in common, then work from that. If you don't have any women in your life, look to women in literature and watch how the author treats female characters differently from male ones.
I just graduated from college and realized that during my time in the ivory tower I lost my attention span for leisurely reading (STEM major). How do I get it back again? It would be a useful tool now that I'm unemployed with no job prospects.
Sit down and read, dumbass.
Pretty much this.
Start with short stuff and keep going.
Where's the frog pasta when you need it
What did he mean this?
mods, please add 'what did he mean by this'-threads to bannable offenses, thanks.
sage and report
pls for the love of god
you mean nothing to me
Has anyone written on the subject of art? More specefically tried to define it to include good works of such as Beethoven and exclude 50 cent? I'm trying to argue against the moral relativists
on the standard of taste
morality ==//== aesthetics
Yeah there is an ENTIRE philosophy field called Aesthetics.
Lessing - Laocoön
Kant - Critique of Judgement
Schlegel/Mendelssohn write some stuff on it
Adorno - Aesthetics
Deleuze has multiple works on the subject
Looking for literature regarding film making, and analysis. Something that focuses more on the art of film, and cinematography. I've grown a lot of interest in film and would like something that can give me a bit of theoretical knowledge on the subject.
u mite enjoy it
Deleuze maybe?
bresson's notes on cinematography
some walter benjamin shit
Cinema 1: The Movement-Image
>find this in the "used" pile of a local walmart
>25 fucking pesos
>buy it without thinking
>start reading it
>first couple of pages are completely different from what i remember
>the whole fucking chapter is switched
>the prose is shit
>it's 2 chapters short
>fuck it's only...
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
You got censored edition hombre.
How does it feel to have written a book that's topping the charts?
Think of all that money the editor is getting off of our work.
What's the book about?
shitposting. The book, not you.
I've never seen one of these irl. Didn't know that portrait was on the spine too.
This is such a ridiculous fucking. Every time I see it I can't believe someone let that got printed.
Is that Jimmy Carr?
How can I face the inevitable and quit writing /lit/? I know everything I do is pure garbage, a waste of space on my hdd. But I always feel the need to write, I can't stop it.
If you have to motivate yourself to stop writing rather than motivate yourself to start, you should keep going.
you can't stop. writers are defective people. get used to it.
keep going man. it's probably not half bad.


text:
Kristen Stewart Wants You to Know She Cares
About ... something.
About ... something.
If only people cared about Tinsley Mortimer, they might care about Devorah.
Time to go to idiot rehab.By Chris Rovzar
We watched 'The Bachelor.' He is not good at this.
This, no doubt, is a relief to many.By Katie Goldsmith
"A lot of people told me not to do it."By Edith Zimmerman
Donald Trump Surprises Melania on Live TV With the News She'll Give 'Two or Three Big Speeches'
The 'Blacks for Trump' Guy Is a Former Member of a Murderous Cult Who Thinks Obama Is the Devil
Hillary Clinton Reveals Plan for Closing America's 'Fun Deficit': 'A Big, National Dance Party'
I Wish I Was Married to Ina Garten
House Republicans Already Have a Plan to Make Hillary Clinton's Presidency a Living Hell
Here's How Ivanka Trump Responded to Women Boycotting Her Clothing Line
Pets Are Not Children, So Stop Calling Them That
The Republican Party Gave Its Data to a White Nationalist. What Could Go Wrong?
All Hail Tom Hanks's David S. Pumpkins, the King of Halloween You Didn't Know You Needed
No One Can Decide Whether This Is a Picture of Bill Murray or Tom Hanks


text:
WR Craig Davis
6'2, 195, 4.4
O.P. Walker High School
New Orleans, Louisiana
Craig Davis, one of the most sought after wide receiver prospects in the southeast, injured his shoulder two weeks ago and missed a game last weekend, but the 4-star prospect is set to get back on the field this Friday night.
CUTigers.com had the chance to speak with Davis Sunday evening about his senior season and his top schools when it comes to recruiting. Here's what the 6'2, 195-pound prospect with 4.4 speed had to say:
Which schoools are recruiting you the hardest right now Craig?
Davis: LSU, Miami, Florida, Clemson, and Tennessee.
Are those the schools you are most interested in right now?
Davis: Oh yeah.
Have all those schools offered you already?
Davis: Yes, they all have.
Which one of those schools would be your favorite right now?
Davis: You know I don't really have a favorite right now.
Have you been to any college games this fall?
Davis: Just one, and that was to LSU.
Has Clemson been in steady contact with you over the course of the season?
Davis: Oh yeah, every week. Burton Burns sends me letters and I get phone calls from him every single week.
Do you have an official visit set up to Clemson yet?
Davis: No, not yet. I may be going up there in early January but I haven't set it yet.
What do your stats look like this season?
Davis: 32 receptions for 460 yards. I also played quarterback and I have completed 22-of-44 passes for 426 yards and I have 13 carries for 124 yards.
It sounds like you've been a playing a little bit of everything, but everybody wants you as a wide receiver right?
Davis: Yeah, as a wide out.
Is there anything you are looking at in particular when you make your decision?
Davis: I'm looking at the education I can get there and also the success of the program overall.
We'd like to conclude by thanking Craig for taking the time to speak with us. The Tigers appear to be in good shape to get an official visit, but Miami and LSU have the current edge in this recruiting war. Davis is already set with official visits to both Louisiana State and the Hurricanes.
4-Star WR Names Top 5
CUTigers.com Top Stories
WHAT WE ARE HEARING#3 Clemson has won 24 of its last 25, and the Tigers look to improve to 8-0 as they head to Tallahassee to take on ACC rival #12 Florida State.
CUTigers.com9:28 AM
Inside the Matchup: Clemson vs Florida StateThe Tigers and Seminoles face off with CFP implications on the line
Scout CFB8:15 AM
ACC Media DayCUTigers was on hand in Charlotte for ACC Media Day on Wednesday. Watch Clemson Head Coach Brad Brownell, All-ACC First-Teamer Jaron Blossomgame and point guard Avry Holmes discuss…
CUTigers.comYesterday at 10:56 AM
TUESDAY DABO PC AND INTERVIEWSCUTigers was at the Clemson West Zone on Tuesday for Dabo Swinney's weekly press conference and interviews with Brent Venables, Christian Wilkins, Jadar Johnson and Kendall Joesph.
CUTigers.comTuesday at 12:00 PM


text:
Create Account or Login
You can login using your social network account.
The perfect natural pillow for all sleepers - With a pure new wool pillow from The Wool Company you can adjust the softness or firmness to exactly match your own personal need for the best night's sleep ever!
Made exclusively for The Wool Company and with the great benefits of sleeping on wool, our completely natural wool pillows are adjustable to the sleeper's personal requirements. No more "My pillow's too hard!" or "My pillow's too flat!". With one of ours you can make it "Just right!"
Wool pillows are fantastic for those with allergies especially people sensitive to mould, house dust and house dust mites. Asthma and allergy sufferers will awake after a better night's sleep with clear eyes and nose and head.
Compared to hollow fibre and other manmade fibres, feathers, down pillows the benefits of wool are now becoming much better known. However for those who don't yet know, it has been scientifically proven (University of Sidney) that most people sleep longer and deeper with wool when compared to other fibres.
Our new pillow maker is the only pillow manufacturer in the world that produces every part of its products 'in house' in a vertically integrated process, from the yarn, weaving the fine cotton casing, processing the wool, and finishing the pillows. Consequently we can ensure superior quality control, resulting in a top quality wool pillow that is produced sustainably, with the lowest carbon miles and meet stringent European environmental standards. The factory has also won textile environmental awards, year on year.
Our wonderful range of wool pillows has been produced to the very highest environmental standards. The wool in them and the cotton case that surrounds it have both been been certified as completely free of any nasty chemicals to the stringent Oeko-Tex 100 Standard, which is more than can be said of most feather down or even organic pillows.


text:
Perfectly situated adjacent to Syntagma Square within easy walking distance of exclusive shopping areas and museums, it also boasts breathtaking views of the Acropolis. Even if you have prepared for the switchover and are watching Freeview, you will still need to do the re tune to avoid channel loss. If fashion was antithetical to punk, getting the look certainly wasn't, judging by this round up of real punks whose hair antics defined their stance.
Report Score: 2 Alfie T SeagullOverSelsey 8:17am Wed 2 Mar 16 Testament to the squad strength and management team that we are still in the hunt for automatic promotion considering our injuries in the last few months. 04:23 Savana Heat 8 Hot little Savana is back to entertain you with her farts, and today she's wearing a black bra and red panties. ), we're able to name the group's other members: Delores Hall, Carrie Jones, Betty Knox and Effie Ellington and Delores in particular possessed a remarkable, powerful voice.
Features Maybe a little thing, but I was happy to see that the manhole covers for the sewer line that runs parallel to the path are not actually in the pavement, but off to the side. There are a lot of main reasons concerning why individuals are drawn to online home based businesses, but like any other business you need a plan to get started out with make market launch it academy online course. Vanessa was brilliant and had a range of her own Buffalos that I was able to try on to find my right size.


text:
Myer dresses down
Encouraging signs in Myer's online and brand ownership strategies cushion some of the blow from the retailer's downgrade, but its external operating pressures are unlikely to ease anytime soon.
Please check the following:
- {{x.value}}
SMS Code Sent…
We have sent you a code via SMS to {{user.DayPhone}}
please enter this code below to activate your membership
Log in to access this content
Looks you are already a member. Please enter your password to proceed


text:
Edward Burne-Jones
Read alsoClaude Monet
Claude Monet was an important figure in the Impressionism that changed painting in the end of the 19 century. During his livelihood, he constantly painted the landscape and leisure time behavior of Parisians and its surrounding area in addition to the Normandy coast. He traces the approach to 20-century modernism by mounting a distinctive method…
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones was a British painter and designer closely associated with the later phase of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, the greatest of the second generation Pre-Raphaelites. He was also strongly involved in the rebirth of the practice of stained glass art in Britain. His early paintings demonstrate the deep inspiration of Dante Rossetti, but after the 1860s Burne-Jones was determining his own artistic style. The timing was exact, and he was taken up as a messenger and star of the new Art Movement. Burne-Jones's aspire in visual art is most excellent given in some of his own words:
"I mean by a picture a beautiful, romantic dream of something that never was, never will be - in a light better than any light that ever shone - in a land no one can define or remember, only desire - and the forms divinely beautiful."
In addition to painting and stained glass, Burne-Jones worked in a variety of crafts; including designing ceramic tiles, jewellery, tapestries, mosaics and book illustration.


text:
Planet Me: Totally Random
Written by Tim Bugbird
Illustrated by
Lovereading4kids Price £5.59
£6.99 saving £1.40 (20%)
when in stock
As soon as this book is back in stock we will send you an email.Compare book price We'd love you to buy your books from Lovereading - especially if we helped you to choose them! But as our mantra is guidance, and that includes guidance on price, please do use our 'Compare Book Price' service to discover if the best value deal is from Lovereading or another specialist bookstore.
Planet Me: Totally Random by Tim Bugbird
About the Author
Other Formats
Book Info
96 pages
Tim Bugbird
More books by Tim Bugbird
Publication date
25th April 2010
Lovereading is just a convenient way to find new books and hear others opinions on them.Sarah Murray – age 15
We love Lovereading4kids because it promotes reading choices, new authors and a sense of community for children of all ages!Rachel Bridgeman
I love lovereading4kids because I've read amazing books I would never have picked up, and its opened doors to new genre's I now love.Harriet Cunningham
This company is amazing; not only is it is a great opportunity to get books and review them but everyone is so friendly and supportive!Jemma Rubens, age 10
We love Lovereading as my 5 year old loves to read new books before anyone else has a chance, she says it makes reading exciting!Tracey Chorley
I think Lovereading4kids is an amazing company because of the friendly staff and the fabulous chance to read great books before publication.Adam Graham
I love all the books they recommend & put up for me to review. I also love the fact that they give new authors the chance to share their booDaisy Pennock – age 15
A great way to introduce kids to great books, authors & genres. Parents can find age-appropriate books to share with their children.Judi Davies – Aberdare Girls Sch


text:
Cinnamon Cookies
These blonde brownies are perfectly chewy, ready in less than 30 minutes, and topped with crackly cinnamon and sugar! Hello, friends. I'm here today with something new and exciting and maybe a little terrifying. I made a video. Of food. For you to watch. My hands and arms (lots of arms, because I'm sorry, this …
These were yummy. Didn't stay fresh very long. Eat in the first couple days! Brown Butter Cinnamon Crinkle Cookies
Easy to make and delicious too! Perfect for any cinnamon lover! Brown Sugar and Cinnamon Cookies Recipe from Hot Eats and Cool Reads
Crispy Cinnamon Cookies- whole wheat cookies, lightly sweetened and flavored with cinnamon & nutmeg. Great for tea time! #cookies #eggless #baking
Cinnamon Oatmeal Cookies Recipe - Made these yesterday and they are delicious!
Cinnamon Blondies! The ULTIMATE soft & chewy cinnamon blondie! This easy dessert recipe that is sure to please.
Baked Perfection: Cinnamon Roll Cookies
Chewy and soft pumpkin cookies do not taste cakey. Filled with cinnamon chips and rolled in cinnamon-sugar. (pumpkin desserts, recipes)
These Soft Brown Sugar Cinnamon Cookies with white chocolate chips are so over the top delicious, they're guaranteed to be your new favorite!
Cinnamon Roll Sugar Cookies... These cookies taste JUST like a cinnamon roll! The cookies are soft and chewy and the frosting is FABULOUS! Love this fall dessert recipe!


text:
How to Spend $208,188 Shopping for Fashion Week
Our latest gratuitous fantasy shopping spree of things to buy and wear if money were no object.By Stella Bugbee and Kurt Soller
Our latest gratuitous fantasy shopping spree of things to buy and wear if money were no object.By Stella Bugbee and Kurt Soller
They won't cost $39,000!By Hilary Moss
The photographer Marcelo Gomes gives the Cut his painterly take on Marni, Balenciaga, Christopher Kane, and more.By Marcelo Gomes and Hilary Moss
Since the world is ending on Friday, we "spent" $789,318 on luxury items we'd love to wear in our final hours.By Stella Bugbee and Kurt Soller
They're $55,000 each.By Charlotte Cowles
Or maybe she just wants free clothes.By Charlotte Cowles
They should put these awards in a row.By Alex Rees
Skip basic black for a color that's as timeless.By Diana Tsui
It doesn't scream "fashion" — though it does elicit screams from fashion people.By Ally Betker
3.1 Phillip Lim–style: We Heart Nueva York Semana de Fashion!By Amy Larocca and Rebecca Ramsey
A look back at the actress turned designer's style evolution.
Plus, another September cover. Too soon, too soon!
Also, Grace Coddington apparently has a thing for chicken salad on toast.By Charlotte Cowles
"She's essentially an awesome, creative person that you're collaborating with, and you forget just how insanely huge she is."By Charlotte Cowles
Art director Trey Laird talks us through the making of this year's CFDA program.By Charlotte Cowles
She wore a tiered gown by Valentino last night.By Ally Betker
Phillip Lim, Zara, Devi Kroell, and more.By Jenny Kang
The actor is among the nominees and honorees at this year's Fashion Awards.By Hilary Moss
François Kress will report to Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen.By Charlotte Cowles
It included planking, apparently.By Charlotte Cowles
Donald Trump Surprises Melania on Live TV With the News She'll Give 'Two or Three Big Speeches'
The 'Blacks for Trump' Guy Is a Former Member of a Murderous Cult Who Thinks Obama Is the Devil
Hillary Clinton Reveals Plan for Closing America's 'Fun Deficit': 'A Big, National Dance Party'
I Wish I Was Married to Ina Garten
House Republicans Already Have a Plan to Make Hillary Clinton's Presidency a Living Hell
Here's How Ivanka Trump Responded to Women Boycotting Her Clothing Line
Pets Are Not Children, So Stop Calling Them That
The Republican Party Gave Its Data to a White Nationalist. What Could Go Wrong?
All Hail Tom Hanks's David S. Pumpkins, the King of Halloween You Didn't Know You Needed
No One Can Decide Whether This Is a Picture of Bill Murray or Tom Hanks


text:
On another note worth pointing out, Kyle Orton - you know, the guy Denver released to make way for Tebow - quietly beat the undefeated Packers over in Kansas City. With the way the Bronco's defense has been playing, if they had kept Orton in there they'd be way more of an actual threat in the playoffs (and one could argue that they would have won some of those "comeback" games without having to come from behind).
Orton lost 21 of his last 27 starts for Denver. We'd seen enough of him. Maybe being waived was what he needed, and I wish him well, but he wasn't going to do it in Denver.


text:
|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|September 4, 2014 05:33 PM EDT
OWINGS MILLS, Md., Sept. 4, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Season 34 of MotorWeek, television's longest-running automotive series, celebrates the reinvention of the automobile. Upcoming 2015 and 2016 models will feature the highest level of infotainment, safety, and driver's aid technology ever on four wheels and MotorWeek will cover all of it in exciting detail. This new technology is transforming how automobiles interact with consumers as well as how they drive, paving the way for the emergence of the autonomous, self-driving car. The new season of MotorWeek premieres on public television stations nationwide beginning Friday, September 5, 2014.
Season 34 of MotorWeek will highlight advanced functions such as Collision Mitigation, Lane Keep Assist, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, and other driver aids that are a step towards cars that completely drive themselves. While this approach may be somewhat alarming to automotive enthusiasts, it will be a boon for everyone that loves or needs the everyday freedom that driving an automobile provides. "The autonomous automobile will not only continue America's love affair with the automobile, but move it to an even higher level of usefulness," says John Davis, MotorWeek Host and Senior Executive Producer.
One new technology, Collision Mitigation, which uses a radar aided braking system to slow and even stop a vehicle to avoid a collision, will become a special focus of MotorWeek's continuing commitment to driving safety. In season 34 MotorWeek will inaugurate a new test for cars with automatic braking systems. MotorWeek will add a low speed barrier test, the first all-new test in our Road Test regime in a generation. This new barrier test was created to measure the effectiveness of the various automatic braking systems among different makes and models. MotorWeek Season 34 will reveal how automatic braking systems react in low speed collisions; one of the most common accidents causing billions of dollars in insurance claims for injuries and property damage.
The season premiere of MotorWeek features the newest addition to the BMW family, the exotic 2015 BMW i8 advanced hybrid, the compact 2015 Lincoln MKC utility, the 700-plus horsepower 2015 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, along with the all-new 2015 Acura TLX. Other highlights from MotorWeek's new season include road test reviews of the 2015 Chevrolet Camaro Z28, designed and engineered to be the fastest street-legal Camaro ever built; and the new 2015 Lexus NX, the brand's first compact luxury crossover.
MotorWeek's line-up of popular segments returns with Master Technician Pat Goss offering do-it-yourself car care advice at Goss' Garage. Yolanda Vazquez will continue to tackle consumer news and trends in FYI and Motor News. Roving reporter Zach Maskell goes Over the Edge with a quirky and fun look at the auto world in overdrive, while Brian Robinson reviews the newest motorcycles and scooters in Two Wheelin'. MotorWeek also continues its decade-long emphasis on the widening availability and practicality of hybrid and electric vehicles in Green Motoring.
To find out which public television station in your area airs MotorWeek, go to motorweek.org and click on find your station. MotorWeek can also be seen on pbs.org, Discovery's Velocity channel and the V-me Spanish language television network. You can also find MotorWeek on YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and iTunes.
MotorWeek is nationally sponsored by Die Hard, RockAuto, and Tire Rack.
Introduced in 1967, Sears designed the DieHard automotive battery to produce 35 percent more usable starting power than other similar batteries. Featuring a revolutionary tough, thin-walled case of translucent polypropylene plastic, which was 50 percent thinner than conventional black rubber-type battery enclosures, the design's extra room meant bigger plates, more acid and extra starting power. During testing, not a single failure was reported in over 26,000 starts in temperatures ranging from sub-zero to more than 100 degrees, hence the name "DieHard." See more DieHard history and compelling "Battery Torture" Video at www.DieHard.com.
RockAuto, LLC was founded in Madison, Wisconsin in 1999 by the Taylor family. Their engineering background, passion for old cars, and desire to liberate information hidden behind the auto parts store counter led the Taylors to start RockAuto.com. Today, RockAuto.com ships thousands of auto parts from over 200 manufacturers to customers on every continent except Antarctica. The RockAuto.com catalog is updated daily with mechanical parts like brake pads and shock absorbers, body parts like bumpers and mirrors, interior trim like door handles and carpets, and major assemblies like steering gears, CV axles, engine long blocks, and complete transmissions. The RockAuto.com catalog is expanding constantly. Someday, it may be possible to build an entire car using parts from RockAuto!
Tire Rack, family-owned and headquartered in South Bend, Indiana, is America's largest independent tire tester and consumer-direct source for tires, wheels and performance accessories. Their team of over 100 test drivers (their sales team) tests tires from every major tire manufacturer on the company's state-of-the-art, 11.7-acre test facility. The findings are then posted on the company's website, www.tirerack.com, where consumers can make an educated decision on a tire, wheel or performance accessory purchase.
Photo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140904/143248
SOURCE MotorWeek
In past @ThingsExpo presentations, Joseph di Paolantonio has explored how various Internet of Things (IoT) and data management and analytics (DMA) solution spaces will come together as sensor analytics ecosystems. This year, in his session at @ThingsExpo, Joseph di Paolantonio from DataArchon, will be adding the numerous Transportation areas, from autonomous vehicles to "Uber for containers." While IoT data in any one area of Transportation will have a huge impact in that area, combining sensor...
Oct. 28, 2016 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,191
SYS-CON Events announced today that Transparent Cloud Computing (T-Cloud) Consortium will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. The Transparent Cloud Computing Consortium (T-Cloud Consortium) will conduct research activities into changes in the computing model as a result of collaboration between "device" and "cloud" and the creation of new value and markets through organic data proces...
Oct. 28, 2016 12:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,510
So you think you are a DevOps warrior, huh? Put your money (not really, it's free) where your metrics are and prove it by taking The Ultimate DevOps Geek Quiz Challenge, sponsored by DevOps Summit. Battle through the set of tough questions created by industry thought leaders to earn your bragging rights and win some cool prizes.
Oct. 28, 2016 12:45 AM EDT Reads: 4,253
Between the mockups and specs produced by analysts, and resulting applications built by developers, there exists a gulf where projects fail, costs spiral, and applications disappoint. Methodologies like Agile attempt to address this with intensified communication, with partial success but many limitations. In his session at @DevOpsSummit at 19th Cloud Expo, Charles Kendrick, CTO at Isomorphic Software, will present a revolutionary model enabled by new technologies. Learn how business and deve...
Oct. 28, 2016 12:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,595
Enterprises have been using both Big Data and virtualization for years. Until recently, however, most enterprises have not combined the two. Big Data's demands for higher levels of performance, the ability to control quality-of-service (QoS), and the ability to adhere to SLAs have kept it on bare metal, apart from the modern data center cloud. With recent technology innovations, we've seen the advantages of bare metal erode to such a degree that the enhanced flexibility and reduced costs that cl...
Oct. 28, 2016 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 629
SYS-CON Events announced today that Niagara Networks will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Niagara Networks offers the highest port-density systems, and the most complete Next-Generation Network Visibility systems including Network Packet Brokers, Bypass Switches, and Network TAPs.
Oct. 28, 2016 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,451
In his session at Cloud Expo, Robert Cohen, an economist and senior fellow at the Economic Strategy Institute, will provide economic scenarios that describe how the rapid adoption of software-defined everything including cloud services, SDDC and open networking will change GDP, industry growth, productivity and jobs. This session will also include a drill down for several industries such as finance, social media, cloud service providers and pharmaceuticals.
Oct. 28, 2016 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,168
SYS-CON Media announced today that @WebRTCSummit Blog, the largest WebRTC resource in the world, has been launched. @WebRTCSummit Blog offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. @WebRTCSummit Blog can be bookmarked ▸ Here @WebRTCSummit conference site can be bookmarked ▸ Here
Oct. 27, 2016 10:30 PM EDT Reads: 9,800
Intelligent machines are here. Robots, self-driving cars, drones, bots and many IoT devices are becoming smarter with Machine Learning. In her session at @ThingsExpo, Sudha Jamthe, CEO of IoTDisruptions.com, will discuss the next wave of business disruption at the junction of IoT and AI, impacting many industries and set to change our lives, work and world as we know it.
Oct. 27, 2016 10:30 PM EDT Reads: 545
In today's uber-connected, consumer-centric, cloud-enabled, insights-driven, multi-device, global world, the focus of solutions has shifted from the product that is sold to the person who is buying the product or service. Enterprises have rebranded their business around the consumers of their products. The buyer is the person and the focus is not on the offering. The person is connected through multiple devices, wearables, at home, on the road, and in multiple locations, sometimes simultaneously...
Oct. 27, 2016 10:30 PM EDT Reads: 3,835
Everyone knows that truly innovative companies learn as they go along, pushing boundaries in response to market changes and demands. What's more of a mystery is how to balance innovation on a fresh platform built from scratch with the legacy tech stack, product suite and customers that continue to serve as the business' foundation. In his General Session at 19th Cloud Expo, Michael Chambliss, Head of Engineering at ReadyTalk, will discuss why and how ReadyTalk diverted from healthy revenue an...
Oct. 27, 2016 10:30 PM EDT Reads: 3,083
Established in 1998, Calsoft is a leading software product engineering Services Company specializing in Storage, Networking, Virtualization and Cloud business verticals. Calsoft provides End-to-End Product Development, Quality Assurance Sustenance, Solution Engineering and Professional Services expertise to assist customers in achieving their product development and business goals. The company's deep domain knowledge of Storage, Virtualization, Networking and Cloud verticals helps in delivering ...
Oct. 27, 2016 10:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,163
In the 21st century, security on the Internet has become one of the most important issues. We hear more and more about cyber-attacks on the websites of large corporations, banks and even small businesses. When online we're concerned not only for our own safety but also our privacy. We have to know that hackers usually start their preparation by investigating the private information of admins – the habits, interests, visited websites and so on. On the other hand, our own security is in danger bec...
Oct. 27, 2016 10:15 PM EDT Reads: 678
The Internet of Things (IoT), in all its myriad manifestations, has great potential. Much of that potential comes from the evolving data management and analytic (DMA) technologies and processes that allow us to gain insight from all of the IoT data that can be generated and gathered. This potential may never be met as those data sets are tied to specific industry verticals and single markets, with no clear way to use IoT data and sensor analytics to fulfill the hype being given the IoT today.
Oct. 27, 2016 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,910
SYS-CON Events announced today that Hitrons Solutions will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Hitrons Solutions Inc. is distributor in the North American market for unique products and services of small and medium-size businesses, including cloud services and solutions, SEO marketing platforms, and mobile applications.
Oct. 27, 2016 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,115


text:
Lifestyle Fitness Center
933 E Lemon St., Lakeland, FL 33801
(863) 688-6696
Compliment this business
Street address:
933 E Lemon St.
City / suburb:
ZIP code:
(863) 688-6696
Contact name:
Sandy Baige
GPS Longitude:
GPS Latitude:
Places nearby
0 miles away
Physical Fitness Facilities
0.06 miles away
Insurance Agents, Brokers, And Service
General information
Business data
|Standard industrial classification code:
|City / suburb:
|Lakeland, FL
Not quite what you're looking for? See recommended web results
Is this your business? Claim this profile to get thousands of free views!
QR code with Lifestyle Fitness Center contacts
Install a QR code reading app on your smartphone to scan and convert it to Lifestyle Fitness Center contact information.
There are no reviews on Lifestyle Fitness Center yet.
Be the first to write a review about your experience with the company.
Be the first to write a review about your experience with the company.
More details about Lifestyle Fitness Center
According to our records, this business is located at 933 E Lemon St. in Lakeland (in Polk County), Florida 33801, the location GPS coordinates are: 28.042602 (latitude), -81.94587 (longitude). Lifestyle Fitness Center is categorized under Physical Fitness Facilities (SIC code 7991). Known organization associate is Sandy Baige. You can contact the company by phone at (863) 688-6696.
Not satisfied? Select a reason•Rate this page•Send feedback
Or try our search form or quick navigation by category and location
Recommended categories in Lakeland, FL
Similar companies
Casall Sportswear Of Sweden
5455 Tamiami Trl N, Collier, FL
Physical Fitness Facilities
Physical Fitness Facilities
Contours Express
4050 S Us Highway 1, Palm Beach, FL
Physical Fitness Facilities
Physical Fitness Facilities
Curves For Women
19084 NE 29th Ave., Miami-Dade, FL
Physical Fitness Facilities
Physical Fitness Facilities
Also viewed
Max Distributors
1495 NW 23rd St., Miami-Dade, FL
Groceries, General Line
Groceries, General Line
M & M Creative Services
304 W College Ave., Leon, FL
Advertising Agencies
Advertising Agencies
Spring Hill Barber Shop
1370 Pinehurst Dr., Hernando, FL
Barber Shops
Barber Shops
Rio Olympics might be a mess, but Tokyo 2020 has some cool high-tech plans
Driverless taxis for athletes and holograms for info.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
Clinton takes big step toward easing tensions with Sanders
With new college affordability plan, the presumptive Democratic nominee won praise from rival.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
US urges aerial spraying amid jump in Puerto Rico Zika cases
The U.S. territory is debating whether to fumigate with the insecticide Naled.
Wed, Jul 06 2016


text:
Green Country Estates - Tulsa Antiques
Green Country Estates - Tulsa Antiques, Tulsa, OK
Victorian ruby cut to clear crystal glass trinket box or cosmetic jar having a gilt metal lid.
Measures approximately 1.67" diameter x 1.5" tall. Some minute chipping to corners of beveled squares.
Have a question about one of our items? Call our store Tulsa Antiques Ph: 918.712.8855, 11a - 5:30p
Have a question about our convenient layaway plan? Call our store 918.712.8855
|Shipping & Handling :
Price for shipping to USA
change location
USPS Priority Mail


text:
One of the most experienced observers of Israel and Palestine, longtime American negotiator Aaron David Miller, has taken a hammer to the myth that a pernicious pro-Israel cabal controls US foreign policy and is pushing President Obama and the country towards war with Iran. Writing in the NY Times, Miller observes that
The notion that 5.5 million American Jews in tight alliance with the country's evangelical Christians hold America's Middle East policy hostage is one of the most dangerous yet enduring myths of American politics and foreign policy.It is particularly strong in Europe and in the Arab world, where the inability to understand either how American politics actually works or the depth of the U.S.-Israeli relationship lead to a cardboard conspiracy theory whereby an Israeli prime minister turns the White House and Congress into Israeli occupied territory.
But the truth, Miller notes–speaking from experience–is quite different:
The pro-Israel constituency has a powerful voice, to be sure, particularly in Congress, where politics dominate. But that community doesn't have a veto, or anything close to one. And there's little historical evidence to the contrary. Presidents don't seek out fights with an important domestic constituency, particularly in an election year; but when a smart and determined president chooses to follow the national interest rather than a narrow political one — from arms sales to the Arabs to the peace process, the White House prevails. Sometimes the fight is messy; but willful presidents with the national interest at their back usually win out.
The same holds true for America's current Iran policy, which does not reflect the insidious designs of a shadowy circle of Zionists, but rather a predictable balancing of US political interests:
The reality is that if this were 2011, and not an election year, and the current tensions were as high as they are now, the president's policy would be very much the same — buy time to determine if nonmilitary pressure against Iran can work (oil sanctions will kick in this summer); reassure Israel of his seriousness but don't give ironclad commitments (yet) that America will take care of the Iranian nuclear problem if Israel will stay its hand. The president isn't there yet.This is hardly pandering. Obama is trying to square a circle on Iran which for the time being can't be conclusively squared. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will seek a green light to take military action if he deems it necessary; the president wants a red light — for now — to give nonmilitary means more time to work. Neither will get what he wants. But what will emerge — and what should emerge — is enough of a consensus to ratchet up pressure and avoid war for now. The notion that Obama is conceding the playing field to a trigger-happy Israel just doesn't add up.
It's a long piece that should be read in its entirety by anyone seeking to understand this perpetually misunderstood topic. Via Meadia, for our part, will continue to highlight the ever-growing pile of counter-evidence to the absurd and dangerous notion that the Israel Lobby is secretly responsible for US foreign policy — rather than Americans themselves. Miller has at times been strongly critical of the positions advocated both by groups like Aipac and the Israeli right; he has also been at the heart of US policy making on this subject.You can support US policy toward Israel or you can oppose it; to do either effectively you need to understand that the "Israel Lobby" isn't in charge.


text:
Flash Crash debate29 Jan 2016
Take a Financial News trial today:
- Breaking industry news & commentary
- 10 year searchable archive
- FN Powerlists & Special Reports
- FN on mobile and iPad
Does your company already have an FN licence? Email us now
Study casts doubt over alleged role of UK trader in 2010 'flash crash'
It is "highly unlikely" that the alleged "spoofing orders" of Navinder Singh Sarao, the UK trader charged by the US government with "contributing to" events that led to the "flash crash" in US equity indices on May 6, 2010, could have "caused" the market carnage, a research paper has argued.
If Sarao's "relatively small-scale trading" could indeed trigger the "large-scale effects" as claimed by Washington, then "modern equity market structures could be viewed as alarmingly fragile", according to the study by economic, legal and astrophysics experts in California released earlier this week.


text:
Who are the modern descendants of Scythians?
Also Scythia thread.
Were Scythians the original Indo-Europeans nomads who didn't migrate from Russian Steppe and never settled down?
Fugg, forgot about the Alans. But either way they are heavily mixed with the other North Caucasus people, they don't look much different if compared with Chechens or Dagestanis. Although linguistically I suppose they are the closest.
So it looks like the Romans made it to Canada. We now have conclusive proof of an old fringe theory.
roman ships had troubles sailing around the Mediterranean let alone the Atlantic, why would a well documented civilization like rome not keep any record of such an expedition?
what incentive would they have had to sail westward into infinity?
>why would a well documented civilization like rome not keep any record of such an expedition?
Isn't it widely agreed that the sources we have from Roman times, although numerous, are just a drop in the bucket. Most lost to the times?
>what incentive would they have had to sail westward into infinity?
Maybe the expedition was carried to America in a series of unfortunate/unforeseen events. Like a storm bringing the vessel way of course or some...
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
These guys seem like they could be hoaxers, but if the Boston Standard is running with it at least we know it's not blogosphere clickbait garbage.
What are souls?
babby don't hurt me
Certainly not what that picture seems to suggest, I'll tell you that.
Not all parts of a man can be seen and touched by other human beings. For instance, your mind cannot be seen or touched. The thoughts you think, that float around inside your head, cannot be touched by another human being in the same form they are to you. You can communicate those thoughts, but the thoughts they get from hearing this communication are their thoughts, and are not the same as the thought you attempted to communicate.
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
I just crank my spirit up to maximum power while I'm sitting on the toilet. I'm not sure what you are making so much fuss about, it isn't that hard.
Hey /his/ how exactly had Napoleon especially on the geopolitical sense changed Europe and the modern world
Not here to do your homework, lad, m8, senpai, cunt
Lmao the school I went to didn't cover this and I'm pretty interested in it that's why I asked
france was in ruins when he rose to power so it was just a matter of time until a civil war breaked out and needless to say it would probably rage for years without ever reaching any kind of consensus among all the parts, throwing france to a even worse place and possible making them just another fail state
this was avoided when this guy rose to power; not only he was finally able to bring peace and cohesion to its people (mending the wounds caused by reign of terror, accepting freedom of religion once again and...
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
Ancient people sure knew what was up.
Finding fertility beautiful is inferior to finding good health beautiful. I'm glad we grew.
Literal fakes made by a german turnip farmer looking to play a prank on his fellow krauts.
>inb4 fertility goddesses
That's only speculation.
You could look at the Holstein-Stadel and say that they were all furries.
did bolshevism and communism have anything to do with the civil rights movements in america?
The KGB funded both white supremacist grounps and civil rights groups in an effort to create a race war.
Other than that, it was the continuation of a historical process that had been going on since reconstruction.
>The KGB funded both white supremacist grounps and civil rights groups in an effort to create a race war.
No, they were detrimental to civil rights by inflaming extremist elements among the black community.
Can we have a thread where we name our countries and give a short summary on the events and perspective our history classes focused on?
>Swedish war of independence
>Gustav Vasa had an adventure and ended up establishing the new swedish monarchy
>French revolution
>The French executed their king which led to the crowning of Napoleon as emperor
>it didn't include anything about why the Napoleonic wars were fought
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
>EU is great!I it has kept peace in Europe!
Well EU has many downsides, but it indeed kept peace in Europe.
That's a funny way to spell NATO.
So I was having a discussion with a friend and the topic of spears in medieval warfare came up.
My question is this: did plate armoured soldiers (knights/men at arms/ect) commonly utilize generic spears on foot? I almost always see them depicted either on horseback or using some other form of pole arm. Where there many who fought with shield+spear or just spear?
I am specifically interested in the 14th century, but answers for other time periods are also nice.
Why have a spear when you can have a halberd which combines three weapons into one?
Where are you drawing the line between "spears" on one hand and "pikes" on the other?
Because pikes were fuck ass common.
As for the other question, about the shields? Once you had plate armor, shields almost disappeared. Two major reasons for that:
1) If you have plate, chances are, the guys you're fighting also have plate. You're going to need a weapon that can get through that shit, which usually means 2 handed to generate enough power.
2) Less marginal...
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
Pretty sure plate armor hadn't developed to the full one we know in 14th century yet. Also it was expensive as hell, naturally, so not every footman (if any at all) could use it.
How did vikings look like?
How big they actually were?
>How did vikings look like?
Pale skinned, light complexions, generally tall as most Northern Europeans are compared to Celtic and other Indo-Europeans in Europe.
>How big they actually were?
Probably the same size and height in general as their Germanic predecessors like the Goths, Vandals, and so on that fought the Romans centuries before.
According to the middle eastern explorere Ahmad Ibn Fadlan they were "As tall as Date trees"
>The Rūs appear as traders who set up shop on the river banks nearby the Bolğar camp. They are described as having bodies tall as (date) palm-trees, with blond hair and ruddy skin. They are tattooed from "fingernails to neck" with dark blue or dark green "tree patterns" and other "figures" and that all...
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
Vikings were manlets
>muh globalism
>muh trade
>muh spread of islam
>muh pony express
>people think that the mongols were a net positive to humanity
>muh no real point just a collection of words with muh and condescension chevrons in front
The mongols just went around playing a game of conquer shit land and get the biggest empire by ruling over a desert.
b-but muh religious tolerance!
Why did the Roman Republic fail to become the world's first industrialized country?
because the world isn't fucking sid meir's Civilization where you can just research techs in order.
wood be cool though...
Roman infrastructure is overhyped.
Infrastructure gives rise to industrialization.
>Julius Caesar reported (in De Bello Gallico) that the Britanni used to colour their bodies blue with vitrum, a word that roughly translates to "glass". Many have assumed that vitrum refers to woad, but other modern authors regard this as a misconception, possibly repeated for political reasons; Caesar may have been describing some form of copper- or iron-based pigment.[8][9][unreliable source?] The northern inhabitants of Britain came to be known as Picts (Picti), meaning "painted ones" in Latin, which was due to accounts of them painting...
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
Copper would be green, wouldn't it?
Also, for all we know they had some mixture that counteracted the skin irritation.
green and blue can be quite problematic colours. People often mix them up and many cultures don't distinguish between them, we obviously don't know much about the picts but in Irish, green and blue usually weren't distinguished until medieval times. Also the same word "glas" means green in Irish and blue in welsh
The construction of Stonehenge has been attributed to giants who sailed from Africa bringing their skills with them. The presence of giants may not necessarily be a figment of the imagination. Giants have been mentioned in the Bible. They was a Black Canaanite race called Anakim.
The Roman historian, Tacitus, mentioned "the dark complexion and unusually curly hair" of the Silures, or Black Celts who he believed migrated there from Spain. When Julius Caesar invaded Britain he met these Blacks. Julius Caesar's army was itself composed of prominent Blacks....
Comment too long. Click here to view the full text.
orientalist adventurer par excelence, embodyment of his contemporary image for a civilized western man. And a fag
He was gay?
Who ruled the skies during WWI?
At the start of the war France held the highest amount of military planes in service, at around 140.
UK was second with 120.
France already partially knew the advantages of air support because of their recent colonial conflicts.
But you really have to specify a period for me to give your a question a more specific answer.
More specific: who used their infant air force most effectively to support the war effort as a whole and which nation won the most air battles
No one
French, Brits, Germans sometimes met, but no one constantly dominated the sky
I hear people claim that famines in china and russia were completely out of the government's control and not the fault of the failure of communism. Is there any truth to this?
The guy I was talking to said that China's famine was due to a drought in the 60s. Another guy said that the tech to circumvent this was widely available and China has no excuse for letting people starve like that.