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Information and the Modern Corporation, James Cortada Intellectual Property Strategy, John Palfrey Open Access, Peter Suber
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2 Open Access
3 The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series Information and the Modern Corporation, James Cortada Intellectual Property Strategy, John Palfrey Open Access, Peter Suber
4 Open Access Peter Suber The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England
5 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work is licensed under the Creative Commons licenses noted below. To view a copy of these licenses, visit creativecommons.org. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. This book incorporates certain materials previously published under a CC-BY license and copyright in those underlying materials is owned by SPARC. Those materials remain under the CC-BY license. Effective June 15, 2013, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please mitpress.mit.edu or write to Special Sales Department, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA This book was set in Chaparral Pro by the MIT Press and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Suber, Peter. Open access / Peter Suber. p. cm. (MIT Press essential knowledge) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Open access publishing. I. Title. Z286.O63S dc
6 Contents Series Foreword Preface ix vii 1 What Is Open Access? 1 2 Motivation 29 3 Varieties 49 4 Policies 77 5 Scope 97 6 Copyright Economics Casualties Future Self-Help 169 Glossary 175 Notes 177 Additional Resources 219 Index 223
8 Series Foreword The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series presents short, accessible books on need-to-know subjects in a variety of fields. Written by leading thinkers, Essential Knowledge volumes deliver concise, expert overviews of topics ranging from the cultural and historical to the scientific and technical. In our information age, opinion, rationalization, and superficial descriptions are readily available. Much harder to come by are the principled understanding and foundational knowledge needed to inform our opinions and decisions. This series of beautifully produced, pocketsized, soft-cover books provides in-depth, authoritative material on topics of current interest in a form accessible to non-experts. Instead of condensed versions of specialist texts, these books synthesize anew important subjects for a knowledgeable audience. For those who seek to enter a subject via its fundamentals, Essential Knowledge volumes deliver the understanding and insight needed to navigate a complex world. Bruce Tidor Professor of Biological Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology
10 Preface I have worked full-time for a decade to foster open access (OA) to science and scholarship. During that time I have often boiled down the big message into short talks and written long articles exploring small subtopics in detail. This book is an attempt at something in between: a succinct introduction to the basics, long enough to cover the major topics in reasonable detail and short enough for busy people to read. I want busy people to read this book. OA benefits literally everyone, for the same reasons that research itself benefits literally everyone. OA performs this service by facilitating research and making the results more widely available and useful. It benefits researchers as readers by helping them find and retrieve the information they need, and it benefits researchers as authors by helping them reach readers who can apply, cite, and build on their work. OA benefits nonresearchers by accelerating research and all the goods that depend on research, such as new medicines, useful technologies, solved problems, informed decisions, improved policies, and beautiful understanding. But OA only does this good work insofar as we actually implement it, and the people in a position to implement it tend to be busy. I m thinking about researchers
11 themselves and policymakers at stakeholder institutions such as universities, libraries, publishers, scholarly societies, funding agencies, and governments. My honest belief from experience in the trenches is that the largest obstacle to OA is misunderstanding. The largest cause of misunderstanding is lack of familiarity, and the largest cause of unfamiliarity is preoccupation. Everyone is busy. There has been organized opposition from some publishers, but that has been a minor impediment by comparison. The best remedy to misunderstanding is a clear statement of the basics for busy people. Only some fellow specialists will wonder, with me, whether I ve been too brief with some essential subtopics. But I knew that a larger book would miss the audience of busy people. Elaboration, documentation, research findings, case studies, and finergrained recommendations are available in the voluminous literature online (most of it OA), including my own articles (all of them OA). 1 This book will itself be OA twelve months after it appears in print. (I m glad you asked.) If you can t wait, everything I ve said here I ve said in some form or another in an OA article. I have freely incorporated some relevant earlier writings into this book, improving on them when I could. Notes at the end of the book indicate which pieces I adapted or x preface
12 incorporated into which sections. I chose this method as a solution to a pair of dilemmas. I did not want to hide the fact that I was making use of my previous work, but neither did I want to make any section into a stream of selfquotation and self-citation. I did not want to fail to benefit from my own previous work, but neither did I want to miss opportunities to clarify, update, or improve it. This little book doesn t say much about kindred topics such as open data, open educational resources, open government, free and open-source software, or open science (combining OA texts, open data, and open-source software, and providing these sorts of openness at every stage of a research project, not just at the end in reporting results). Some of the kindred forms of scholarly openness might soon be covered by other volumes in this series. I would not have been able to give my full time to OA for so many years without grants from the Open Society Foundations, Wellcome Trust, and Arcadia and without financial or institutional support from Earlham College, Public Knowledge, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC), the University of Maine, Data Conversion Laboratory, the Information Society Project at Yale Law School, the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, the Harvard Law School Library, and the Harvard Office for Scholarly Communication. For their generous support for OA and my work I thank Fay Bound Alberti, Peter Baldwin, Jack Balkin, preface xi
13 Douglas Bennett, Len Clark, Darius Cuplinskas, Robert Darnton, Urs Gasser, Melissa Hagemann, Rick Johnson, Heather Joseph, Robert Kiley, Sue Kriegsman, Harlan Onsrud, John Palfrey, Lisbet Rausing, Stuart Shieber, David Skurnik, and Gigi Sohn. I dedicate this book to the thousands of people in every field and country who have dedicated themselves to the realization of OA. The ones I know personally are already too numerous to thank by name in the preface to a short book, and the fact that there are more than I could thank by name even if I tried fills me with admiration, gratitude, and optimism. *Please also see Peter Suber s online page of updates and supplements to this book at xii preface
14 1 What Is Open Access? Shifting from ink on paper to digital text suddenly allows us to make perfect copies of our work. Shifting from isolated computers to a globe-spanning network of connected computers suddenly allows us to share perfect copies of our work with a worldwide audience at essentially no cost. About thirty years ago this kind of free global sharing became something new under the sun. Before that, it would have sounded like a quixotic dream. Digital technologies have created more than one revolution. Let s call this one the access revolution. Why don t more authors take advantage of the access revolution to reach more readers? The answer is pretty clear. Authors who share their works in this way aren t selling them, and even authors with purposes higher than money depend on sales to make a living. Or at least they appreciate sales.
15 Let s sharpen the question, then, by putting to one side authors who want to sell their work. We can even acknowledge that we re putting aside the vast majority of authors. Imagine a tribe of authors who write serious and useful work, and who follow a centuries-old custom of giving it away without charge. I don t mean a group of rich authors who don t need money. I mean a group of authors defined by their topics, genres, purposes, incentives, and institutional circumstances, not by their wealth. In fact, very few are wealthy. For now, it doesn t matter who these authors are, how rare they are, what they write, or why they follow this peculiar custom. It s enough to know that their employers pay them salaries, freeing them to give away their work, that they write for impact rather than money, and that they score career points when they make the kind of impact they hoped to make. Suppose that selling their work would actually harm their interests by shrinking their audience, reducing their impact, and distorting their professional goals by steering them toward popular topics and away from the specialized questions on which they are experts. If authors like that exist, at least they should take advantage of the access revolution. The dream of global free access can be a reality for them, even if most other authors hope to earn royalties and feel obliged to sit out this particular revolution. 2 Chapter 1
16 It s enough to know that their employers pay them salaries, freeing them to give away their work, that they write for impact rather than money, and that they score career points when they make the kind of impact they hoped to make.
17 These lucky authors are scholars, and the works they customarily write and publish without payment are peerreviewed articles in scholarly journals. Open access is the name of the revolutionary kind of access these authors, unencumbered by a motive of financial gain, are free to provide to their readers. Open access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. We could call it barrier-free access, but that would emphasize the negative rather than the positive. In any case, we can be more specific about which access barriers OA removes. A price tag is a significant access barrier. Most works with price tags are individually affordable. But when a scholar needs to read or consult hundreds of works for one research project, or when a library must provide access for thousands of faculty and students working on tens of thousands of topics, and when the volume of new work grows explosively every year, price barriers become insurmountable. The resulting access gaps harm authors by limiting their audience and impact, harm readers by limiting what they can retrieve and read, and thereby harm research from both directions. OA removes price barriers. 4 Chapter 1
18 Copyright can also be a significant access barrier. If you have access to a work for reading but want to translate it into another language, distribute copies to colleagues, copy the text for mining with sophisticated software, or reformat it for reading with new technology, then you generally need the permission of the copyright holder. That makes sense when the author wants to sell the work and when the use you have in mind could undermine sales. But for research articles we re generally talking about authors from the special tribe who want to share their work as widely as possible. Even these authors, however, tend to transfer their copyrights to intermediaries publishers who want to sell their work. As a result, users may be hampered in their research by barriers erected to serve intermediaries rather than authors. In addition, replacing user freedom with permission-seeking harms research authors by limiting the usefulness of their work, harms research readers by limiting the uses they may make of works even when they have access, and thereby harms research from both directions. OA removes these permission barriers. Removing price barriers means that readers are not limited by their own ability to pay, or by the budgets of the institutions where they may have library privileges. Removing permission barriers means that scholars are free to use or reuse literature for scholarly purposes. These purposes include reading and searching, but also redistributing, translating, text mining, migrating to new media, What Open Access Is 5
19 Terminology When we need to, we can be more specific about access vehicles and access barriers. In the jargon, OA delivered by journals is called gold OA, and OA delivered by repositories is called green OA. Work that is not open access, or that is available only for a price, is called toll access (TA). Over the years I ve asked publishers for a neutral, nonpejorative and nonhonorific term for toll-access publishers, and conventional publishers is the suggestion I hear most often. While every kind of OA removes price barriers, there are many different permission barriers we could remove if we wanted to. If we remove price barriers alone, we provide gratis OA, and if we remove at least some permission barriers as well, we provide libre OA. (Also see section 3.1 on green/gold and section 3.3 on gratis/libre.) long-term archiving, and innumerable new forms of research, analysis, and processing we haven t yet imagined. OA makes work more useful in both ways, by making it available to more people who can put it to use, and by freeing those people to use and reuse it. 6 Chapter 1
20 OA was defined in three influential public statements: the Budapest Open Access Initiative (February 2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (June 2003), and the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (October 2003). 1 I sometimes refer to their overlap or common ground as the BBB definition of OA. My definition here is the BBB definition reduced to its essential elements and refined with some post-bbb terminology (green, gold, gratis, libre) for speaking precisely about subspecies of OA. Here s how the Budapest statement defined OA: There are many degrees and kinds of wider and easier access to [research] literature. By open access to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. What Open Access Is 7
21 Here s how the Bethesda and Berlin statements put it: For a work to be OA, the copyright holder must consent in advance to let users copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship. Note that all three legs of the BBB definition go beyond removing price barriers to removing permission barriers, or beyond gratis OA to libre OA. But at the same time, all three allow at least one limit on user freedom: an obligation to attribute the work to the author. The purpose of OA is to remove barriers to all legitimate scholarly uses for scholarly literature, but there s no legitimate scholarly purpose in suppressing attribution to the texts we use. (That s why my shorthand definition says that OA literature is free of most rather than all copyright and licensing restrictions.) The basic idea of OA is simple: Make research literature available online without price barriers and without most permission barriers. Even the implementation is simple enough that the volume of peer-reviewed OA literature and the number of institutions providing it have grown at an increasing rate for more than a decade. If there are complexities, they lie in the transition from where we are now to a world in which OA is the default for new research. This is complicated because the major obstacles 8 Chapter 1
22 are not technical, legal, or economic, but cultural. (More in chapter 9 on the future.) 2 In principle, any kind of digital content can be OA, since any digital content can be put online without price or permission barriers. Moreover, any kind of content can be digital: texts, data, images, audio, video, multimedia, and executable code. We can have OA music and movies, news and novels, sitcoms and software and to different degrees we already do. But the term open access was coined by researchers trying to remove access barriers to research. The next section explains why. 1.1 What Makes OA Possible? 3 OA is made possible by the internet and copyright-holder consent. But why would a copyright holder consent to OA? Two background facts suggest the answer. First, authors are the copyright holders for their work until or unless they transfer rights to someone else, such as a publisher. Second, scholarly journals generally don t pay authors for their research articles, which frees this special tribe of authors to consent to OA without losing revenue. This fact distinguishes scholars decisively from musicians and moviemakers, and even from most other kinds of authors. This is why controversies about OA to music and movies don t carry over to OA for research articles. What Open Access Is 9
23 Both facts are critical, but the second is nearly unknown outside the academic world. It s not a new fact of academic life, arising from a recent economic downturn in the publishing industry. Nor is it a case of corporate exploitation of unworldly academics. Scholarly journals haven t paid authors for their articles since the first scholarly journals, the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London and the Journal des sçavans, launched in London and Paris in The academic custom to write research articles for impact rather than money may be a lucky accident that could have been otherwise. Or it may be a wise adaptation that would eventually evolve in any culture with a serious research subculture. (The optimist in me wants to believe the latter, but the evolution of copyright law taunts that optimism.) This peculiar custom does more than insulate cutting-edge research from the market and free scholars to consent to OA without losing revenue. It also supports academic freedom and the kinds of serious inquiry that advance knowledge. It frees researchers to challenge conventional wisdom and defend unpopular ideas, which are essential to academic freedom. At the same time it frees them to microspecialize and defend ideas of immediate interest to just a handful people in the world, which are essential to pushing the frontiers of knowledge. This custom doesn t guarantee that truth-seeking won t be derailed by profit-seeking, and it doesn t guarantee 10 Chapter 1
24 The academic custom to write research articles for impact rather than money may be a lucky accident that could have been otherwise. Or it may be a wise adaptation that would eventually evolve in any culture with a serious research subculture.
25 that we ll eventually fill the smallest gaps in our collaborative understanding of the world. It doesn t even guarantee that scholars won t sometimes play for the crowd and detour into fad thinking. But it removes a major distraction by allowing them, if they wish, to focus on what is likely to be true rather than what is likely to sell. It s a payment structure we need for good research itself, not just for good access to research, and it s the key to the legal and economic lock that would otherwise shackle steps toward OA. Creative people who live by royalties, such as novelists, musicians, and moviemakers, may consider this scholarly tradition a burden and sacrifice for scholars. We might even agree, provided we don t overlook a few facts. First, it s a sacrifice that scholars have been making for nearly 350 years. OA to research articles doesn t depend on asking royalty-earning authors to give up their royalties. Second, academics have salaries from universities, freeing them to dive deeply into their research topics and publish specialized articles without market appeal. Many musicians and moviemakers might envy that freedom to disregard sales and popular taste. Third, academics receive other, less tangible rewards from their institutions like promotion and tenure when their research is recognized by others, accepted, cited, applied, and built upon. It s no accident that faculty who advance knowledge in their fields also advance their careers. Academics are pas- 12 Chapter 1
26 sionate about certain topics, ideas, questions, inquiries, or disciplines. They feel lucky to have jobs in which they may pursue these passions and even luckier to be rewarded for pursuing them. Some focus single-mindedly on carrying an honest pebble to the pile of knowledge (as John Lange put it), having an impact on their field, or scooping others working on the same questions. Others focus strategically on building the case for promotion and tenure. But the two paths converge, which is not a fortuitous fact of nature but an engineered fact of life in the academy. As incentives for productivity, these intangible career benefits may be stronger for the average researcher than royalties are for the average novelist or musician. (In both domains, bountiful royalties for superstars tell us nothing about effective payment models for the long tail of less stellar professionals.) There s no sense in which research would be more free, efficient, or effective if academics took a more businesslike position, behaved more like musicians and moviemakers, abandoned their insulation from the market, and tied their income to the popularity of their ideas. Nonacademics who urge academics to come to their senses and demand royalties even for journal articles may be more naive about nonprofit research than academics are about for-profit business. 5 We can take this a step further. Scholars can afford to ignore sales because they have salaries and research grants What Open Access Is 13
27 to take the place of royalties. But why do universities pay salaries and why do funding agencies award grants? They do it to advance research and the range of public interests served by research. They don t do it to earn profits from the results. They are all nonprofit. They certainly don t do it to make scholarly writings into gifts to enrich publishers, especially when conventional publishers erect access barriers at the expense of research. Universities and funding agencies pay researchers to make their research into gifts to the public in the widest sense. Public and private funding agencies are essentially public and private charities, funding research they regard as useful or beneficial. Universities have a public purpose as well, even when they are private institutions. We support the public institutions with public funds, and we support the private ones with tax exemptions for their property and tax deductions for their donors. We d have less knowledge, less academic freedom, and less OA if researchers worked for royalties and made their research articles into commodities rather than gifts. It should be no surprise, then, that more and more funding agencies and universities are adopting strong OA policies. Their mission to advance research leads them directly to logic of OA: With a few exceptions, such as classified research, research that is worth funding or facilitating is worth sharing with everyone who can make use of it. (See chapter 4 on OA policies.) 14 Chapter 1
28 Newcomers to OA often assume that OA helps readers and hurts authors, and that the reader side of the scholarly soul must beg the author side to make the necessary sacrifice. But OA benefits authors as well as readers. Authors want access to readers at least as much as readers want access to authors. All authors want to cultivate a larger audience and greater impact. Authors who work for royalties have reason to compromise and settle for the smaller audience of paying customers. But authors who aren t paid for their writing have no reason to compromise. It takes nothing away from a disinterested desire to advance knowledge to recognize that scholarly publication is accompanied by a strong interest in impact and career building. The result is a mix of interested and disinterested motives. The reasons to make work OA are essentially the same as the reasons to publish. Authors who make their work OA are always serving others but not always acting from altruism. In fact, the idea that OA depends on author altruism slows down OA progress by hiding the role of author self-interest. Another aspect of author self-interest emerges from the well-documented phenomenon that OA articles are cited more often than non-oa articles, even when they are published in the same issue of the same journal. There s growing evidence that OA articles are downloaded more often as well, and that journals converting to OA see a rise in their submissions and citation impact. 6 What Open Access Is 15
29 There are many hypotheses to explain the correlation between OA and increased citations, but it s likely that ongoing studies will show that much of the correlation is simply due to the larger audience and heightened visibility provided by OA itself. When you enlarge the audience for an article, you also enlarge the subset of the audience that will later cite it, including professionals in the same field at institutions unable to afford subscription access. OA enlarges the potential audience, including the potential professional audience, far beyond that for even the most prestigious and popular subscription journals. In any case, these studies bring a welcome note of author self-interest to the case for OA. OA is not a sacrifice for authors who write for impact rather than money. It increases a work s visibility, retrievability, audience, usage, and citations, which all convert to career building. For publishing scholars, it would be a bargain even if it were costly, difficult, and time-consuming. But as we ll see, it s not costly, not difficult, and not time-consuming. My colleague Stevan Harnad frequently compares research articles to advertisements. They advertise the author s research. Try telling advertisers that they re making a needless sacrifice by allowing people to read their ads without having to pay for the privilege. Advertisers give away their ads and even pay to place them where they might be seen. They do this to benefit themselves, and 16 Chapter 1
30 scholars have the same interest in sharing their message as widely as possible. 7 Because any content can be digital, and any digital content can be OA, OA needn t be limited to royalty-free literature like research articles. Research articles are just ripe examples of low-hanging fruit. OA could extend to royalty-producing work like monographs, textbooks, novels, news, music, and movies. But as soon as we cross the line into OA for royalty-producing work, authors will either lose revenue or fear that they will lose revenue. Either way, they ll be harder to persuade. But instead of concluding that royalty-producing work is off limits to OA, we should merely conclude that it s higher-hanging fruit. In many cases we can still persuade royalty-earning authors to consent to OA. (See section 5.3 on OA for books.) Authors of scholarly research articles aren t the only players who work without pay in the production of research literature. In general, scholarly journals don t pay editors or referees either. In general, editors and referees are paid salaries by universities to free them, like authors, to donate their time and labor to ensure the quality of new work appearing in scholarly journals. An important consequence follows. All the key players in peer review can consent to OA without losing revenue. OA needn t dispense with peer review or favor unrefereed manuscripts over refereed articles. We can aim for the prize of OA to peerreviewed scholarship. (See section 5.1 on peer review.) What Open Access Is 17
31 Of course, conventional publishers are not as free as authors, editors, and referees to forgo revenue. This is a central fact in the transition to OA, and it explains why the interests of scholars and conventional publishers diverge more in the digital age than they diverged earlier. But not all publishers are conventional, and not all conventional publishers will carry print-era business models into the digital age. Academic publishers are not monolithic. Some new ones were born OA and some older ones have completely converted to OA. Many provide OA to some of their work but not all of it. Some are experimenting with OA, and some are watching the experiments of others. Most allow green OA (through repositories) and a growing number offer at least some kind of gold OA (through journals). Some are supportive, some undecided, some opposed. Among the opposed, some have merely decided not to provide OA themselves, while others lobby actively against policies to encourage or require OA. Some oppose gold but not green OA, while others oppose green but not gold OA. OA gains nothing and loses potential allies by blurring these distinctions. This variety reminds us (to paraphrase Tim O Reilly) that OA doesn t threaten publishing; it only threatens existing publishers who do not adapt. 8 A growing number of journal publishers have chosen business models allowing them to dispense with subscription revenue and offer OA. They have expenses but they also have revenue to cover their expenses. In fact, some 18 Chapter 1
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Текст песни Justin Timberlake ft. The Black Eyed Peas - Where Is The Love
|The Black Eyed Peas ft. Justin Timberlake
|THE BEST MTV HITS Vol.19
Текст:what's wrong with the world, mama? people livin like they ain't got no mamas I think the whole world's addicted to the drama only attracted to the things that'll bring the drama overseas ya we tryin to stop terrorism but we still got terrorists here livin in the U.S.A, the big C.I.A the bloods & the crips, and the KKK but if you only got love for your own ways then you only leave space to discriminate and to discriminate only generates hate and when you hate, then you're bound to get irate madness is what you demonstrate and that's exactly how anger works and operates man ya gotta have love, this'll set us straight take control of your mind and meditate let your soul gravitate, to the love ya'll people killin people dyin children hurt and women cryin will you practice what you preach and would you turn the other cheek father father father, help us need some guidance from above these people got me got me questioning where is the love? (love) where is the love? (the love) where is the love? (the love) where is the love? (where is the love the love my love) it just ain't the same old ways have changed new days are strange, is world insane? if love and peace is so strong why are there pieces of love that don't belong nations droppin bombs chemical gasses fillin lungs of little ones with ongoin sufferin, as the youth die young so ask yourself, is the lovin really gone so I can ask myself, really what is going wrong with this world that we livin in, people keep on givin in makin wrong decisions, only visions of them dividends not respectin eachother, deny thy brother a war is goin on but the reason's under cover the truth is kept secret, and swept under the rug if you never know truth, then you never know love where's the love ya'll? (i don't know) where's the truth ya'll? (i don't know) and where's the love ya'll? (where is the love the love my love) I feel the weight of the world on my shoulder as I'm getting older, ya'll people gets colder most of us only care about money makin selfishness got us followin the wrong direction wrong information always shown by the media negative images is the main criteria infecting the young minds faster than bacteria kids wanna act like what they see in the cinema .. whatever happened to the values of humanity? whatever happened to the fairness and equality instead of spreading love we spreadin animosity lack of understandin leading us away from unity that's the reason why sometimes I'm feelin under that's the reason why sometimes I'm feelin down It's no wonder why sometimes I'm feelin under gotta keep my faith alive till love is found now ask yourself
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At Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2016, GSMA revealed that there are now more mobile connections than people on the planet. Looking at the Goliath that is Apple, there are now 2 million apps in the Apple App Store. There have been 130 billion apps downloaded, and developers have earned $50 billion in revenues. Apple will likely sell 200 million iPhones this year--which are more powerful than the computer used to put a man on the moon. We replace our phones every 2 years for another one that is more powerful and has more sensors. Mobile now accounts for more than 50% of traffic for the majority of brands.
Nov 22, 2005
Industrial Audio Software has announced the launch of ePodcast Express. ePodcast Express offers step-by-step express publishing of all audio files for the podcaster, as well as support for full iTunes tagging. ePodcast Express utilizes an interactive Assistant to walk users through the steps, with accessible onscreen help--presented in a question/answer format--available from the menu. Each question and its implications in the process are defined and illustrated by examples. ePodcast Express is designed to be used by professionals as well as part-time podcasters. It will be available as a standalone product and incorporated into ePodcast Producer and ePodcast Creator.
(www.industrialaudiosoftware.com; www.singingelectrons.com)


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The defendant's petition for certification for appeal from the Appellate Court, 71 Conn.App. 395 (AC 21850), is granted, limited to the following issue:
"Did the Appellate Court properly conclude that the actions of the defendant, the commissioner of environmental protection, was a final decision in a contested case within the meaning of the Uniform Administrative Procedure Act?"
The Supreme Court docket number is SC 16834.


text:
External Hard Drive suddenly Read Only. Have tried various fixes but achieved nothing
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Michel La Roche is a Partner in the Montréal office of Miller Thomson. He specializes in securities, securities enforcement, insolvency and corporate restructuring.
His clientele includes financial institutions, business corporations, trustees and financial institutions corporate counsels.
He has developed a particular expertise in restructuring, financing, winding-up, bankruptcy and commercial fraud matters, and is regularly involved in asset purchases and sales for corporations, predominantly in the real estate, construction, manufacturing, distribution and services industries.
Mr. La Roche has pleaded before the Superior Court, the Québec Court of Appeal, the Federal Court, the Federal Court of Appeal as well as the Supreme Court of Canada.
He is often asked to act as guest speaker by various financial institutions and bodies, such as the Canadian Institute.


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NASA and NOAA recently got three different views of former tropical cyclone Kate from space. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission or GPM core satellite saw heavy rainfall as Kate was transitioning into an extra-tropical cyclone on Nov. 11. The next day, NASA's RapidScat saw the system's tropical-storm force winds, and on Nov. 13, NOAA's GOES-East satellite spotted the former tropical storm in the Northern Atlantic.
Kate became the twelfth named tropical cyclone of the of the 2015 Atlantic hurricane season when it formed near the southeastern Bahamas on Sunday November 8, 2015. Kate re-curved toward the northeast and moved harmlessly over the open waters of the Atlantic. Kate's intensity peaked on November 11, 2015 with winds of about 65 knots making it a category one hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane.
The GPM core observatory satellite flew above Kate on November 11, 2015 at 0926 UTC (4:26 a.m. EST) capturing data. Kate's maximum sustained winds were estimated at about 60 knots (69 mph) at that time making it a strong tropical storm.
GPM's Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) sliced through Kate's western side and found that intense storms within feeder bands there were dropping rain at a rate of over 80 mm (3.1 inches) per hour. A 3-D cross section by GPM's Radar (DPR Ku Band) through Kate's weak eye showed intense storms swirling around the northern side of the tropical cyclone. GPM is managed by both NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.
Kate merged with a baroclinic zone over the north Atlantic and became an extra-tropical cyclone on November 12, 2015. A baroclinic zone is a region in which a temperature gradient exists on a constant pressure surface. Baroclinic zones are favored areas for strengthening and weakening system.
On Nov. 12, the RapidScat instrument that flies aboard the International Space Station measured the surface winds associated with the low pressure area. RapidScat showed that strongest winds were in the northwestern and southeastern quadrants near 32 meters per second (71.5 mph/115.2 kph).
Winds around the southwestern quadrant were weakest, while the northeastern side of the storm averaged wind speeds around 20 meters per second (44.7 mph/72 kph).
On Nov. 13 at 1145 UTC (7:45 a.m. EST), the NOAA's GOES-East satellite saw the low pressure system formerly known as extra-tropical storm Kate was in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, far to the south of Greenland. An image of the storm was created by the NASA/NOAA GOES Project at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
The image showed the low pressure center near 41 degrees north latitude and 47 degrees west longitude, and clouds associated with the cold front stretched south and west of the center toward the Bahamas. The low pressure center and associated cold front continued tracking to the east, across the Atlantic.
Rob Gutro | EurekAlert!
Further reports about: > Atlantic > EST > Flight Center > GPM > Goddard Space Flight > Goddard Space Flight Center > NASA > Space > Space Flight Center > satellite > tropical cyclone
UCI and NASA document accelerated glacier melting in West Antarctica
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Physicists from the University of Würzburg have designed a light source that emits photon pairs. Two-photon sources are particularly well suited for tap-proof data encryption. The experiment's key ingredients: a semiconductor crystal and some sticky tape.
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Liver and Gall Bladder
Diagnosed with fatty liver, prescribed livolin forte, aztor ez, taking milk thistle. Will it cause any interaction with prescribed medicines?
hi am 31yrs old and i was told by my doctor i have a fatty liver and my liver function test were as follows HDL 0.83, LDL 2.6, triglycerides 0.5, total cholestrol 3.7, alanine aminotransferase 54.4, alkarine phosphate 73.2, aspartate 32.5, direct bilirubin 1.0, gamma gt 25.8, total biliribin 5.2, my doctor told me not to worry much but recommeded the following medicine livolin forte and aztor ez please advice me if these medicine have side effects or not and i have been taking milk thistle for the last one month can it interact with the medicine am about to start.
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Mon, 16 Jul 2012
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Dr. Charles S Narasi
I am looking at your lab results.If the
total Bilirubin
is 5.2.and the direct bilirubin level is only 1.00
that means there is some degree of destructionbof red blood cells going on.(Hemolysis)
Fatty liver
by itself can't be causing this I don't think
milk thistle
will hurt. I would want
to know what caused fatty liver. If it is due to
you can work on losing weight.
If it is from drinking too much alcohol, that should be controlled.The problem of
hemolysis should be looked into.May be a consultation with a blood specialist may be
Good health,
Answered: Tue, 17 Jul 2012
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Edit Answer here...
I am looking at your lab results.If the total Bilirubin is 5.2.and the direct bilirubin level is only 1.00
that means there is some degree of destructionbof red blood cells going on.(Hemolysis)
Fatty liver by itself can't be causing this I don't think milk thistle will hurt. I would want
to know what caused fatty liver. If it is due to overweight you can work on losing weight.
If it is from drinking too much alcohol, that should be controlled.The problem of
hemolysis should be looked into.May be a consultation with a blood specialist may be
Good health,
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Kremlin gives no comment on reports that Russian, US jets flew dangerously close in SyriaRussian Politics & Diplomacy October 28, 20:13
Two of four Soyuz crews to fly to ISS in 2017 will be smaller than usualScience & Space October 28, 20:05
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Russia's Finance Ministry is planning for the next three years to earn an additional 400 billion rubles to the budget by means of taking out of the shadow part of the grey economy, the Rossiyskaya Gazeta reports.
According to the experts of the publication, the shadow sector of Russia's economy is currently equivalent to about 20% of Russia's GDP. "The classic criterion of the shadow sector of the economy is tax evasion," says Nikita Maslennikov, an adviser at the Institute of Contemporary Development. According to him, Russia in terms of tax evasion volume stands between the developed countries with the shadow GDP volume of 10-15%, and "the developing marginal" countries with 30-35% of GDP. And the main problem of the national taxmen is informal employment, he said. "It's about 18-20 million people. Employers do not insurance premiums pay for them. And the citizens who work in the mode of informal employment, underpay personal income tax," said Maslennikov.
The tax bodies have claims to large companies - tax dodgers because of their offshore links. But the tax reduction motive is not the main one for them. "It is impossible within our legal framework to carry out complex-structure transactions. Practically not a single major merger or acquisition can be carried out in its pure form. The same as many other similar operations. So, the larger the business, the more transactions with foreign assets. Any disclosure of information in Russia is fraught with a raider attack and nothing more," complains the adviser of the Institute of Contemporary Development.
Three quarters of Russia's businesses are in the shadow, experts say.
Valery Mironov, Director of the Development Centre Institute of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, believes: "The most important thing for Russia is the protection of businesses from acquisitions, protection of property owners from someone's learning their real wealth. Because if such information appears, then the next week all of these companies will be under attack by those who engage in hostile takeovers. All fear this."
In the view of Mironov, the pressure of the Finance Ministry could bring to the budget about 400 billion rubles, but on one condition. If the problems of the protection of private property are not simultaneously resolved, businesses might just start to leave the country. And the effect would be the opposite.
Valery Mironov recalls that although Russia in the latest ranking of the World Economic Forum has climbed up 3 notches, it nevertheless has some of the world's worst positions in the ranking's institutional category. Russia among the countries ranked 133rd in terms of the protection of property rights, 109th - in terms of corruption, 119th - by the degree of independence of the judiciary, 120th - in terms of severity of state regulation, 118th - in terms of the effectiveness of the legal system to resolve disputes, 120th - in terms of the effectiveness of the legal system for disputes with regulators, 122th - in terms of the possibility to rely on the police, and so on.
The current initiative of Russia's Ministry of Finance, aimed at the disclosure of the beneficiaries of large companies, is part of a system programme, adopted within the framework of the Group of Twenty (G20).
"The initiative, which has been supported by all the G20 leaders, is aimed at the creation of a multilateral convention on automatic exchange of tax information. Its goal is the identification of the final beneficiaries of that or other transaction. We were hosting the summit and supported the initiative, so that were have mildly supported these international obligations. The Ministry of Finance is now developing this line. So this work is here for the long haul," said Maslennikov.


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World War Two Crossword
In this World War II crossword puzzle worksheet, students use the 11 clues to identify the correct words and names that will solve the crossword puzzle.
7th - 12th Social Studies & History 15 Views 36 Downloads
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What Members Say
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Office Stamps
Post Office Dramatic Play = Make your own stamps! Make pre made letters with all the pictures and names
Vintage Berwick Post Office Set 1968 Toy Town Bank with Original Boxed..I had hours of fun playing with this
Nostalgia - 1980s petite post office. We also bought my Granny one of these when she retired after 53 years as a post mistress.
Christmas Post Office Writing Table
Very simple, but very cute! I could make one for everyone in my office in a little over an hour!
Weebles I got this when I was sick in the hospital. None of my brothers and sisters could play with it. It was all mine. lol
A World War Two Ration Book Gosh my Nana had these I remember her showing me.
Royal Mail's new set of stamps celebrating the work of the iconic children's author, Roald Dahl, which are available from Post Offices from Tuesday 10th January.
Editable post office price list poster, part of our post office role play series.
Letter dress ... from Jennifer Collier


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AEG Santo 2492-4KG Owner's Manual
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Correct positioning of foods
For physical reasons, different temperature zones are formed inside the refrigerator compartment. The coldest zone is on the bottom shelf, just above the fruit and vegetable containers. The warmest zones are the top shelves and the door shelves. The following is an example of the most suitable places to store food (Fig. 17).
Fig. 17 Advice: Cover or wrap all food before placing it in the refrigerator compartment. This will prevent it from drying out or from transmitting smells of �avours to other stored foods. The following materials are suitable: � Plastic bags or food wrap; � plastic containers with lids; � special, elasticised plastic covers; � aluminium foil.
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Doctor insights on:
Flagyl Suicide
What is the generic name of flagyl?
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Hi..was just wondering after my last dose of Flagyl can I have alcohal again? Thanks.
Flagyl: Wait 5 days. Go easy.Get a more detailed answer ›
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Yes: Yes you can.Get a more detailed answer ›
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Flagyl: Flagyl is an antibiotic.Get a more detailed answer ›
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Flagyl: Flagyl = MetronidazoleGet a more detailed answer ›
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Halflife = 6-8 hours: The average elimination half-life of Metronidazole is reported as 6-7 hours in some studies, but is more commonly reported as 7-8 hours. The half-life can be affected by age, kidney insufficiency, and/or liver damage. The half-life of Metronidazole is much longer in children, and has been reported as 22-109 hours in newborns. ...Read more
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Got my wok from wok.com a few weeks ago and I absolutely love it.
I do note that lots of recipes call for heating up the wok, heating up the oil THEN sliding in the garlic/ginger for a quick 30 seconds then pulling it out. I'm curious as to the rationale behind that.
I can clearly recall one of the big-time TV chefs on Foodnetwork saying that it's best to put the garlic in the oil and heat them up together to release the flavor. Tossing garlic in hot oil basically sears the garlic and seals IN the flavor.
I'd like some thoughts on that... maybe in wok cooking it is different.
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The Technology Strategy Board's investment of up to £50K per company will help drive the Internet of Things forward.
Everything you just said. The Internet of Things is all about monitoring and tracking: being able to track your stuff is key, and RFID is just one of the ways that's possible.Originally Posted by Necrow
What has Radio Frequency IDentifiers got to do with this? (Toll toad tags, clothes tags etc..)
Originally Posted by VipersGratitude
Ahhh...internet zero.
I posted about this about 3-4 years ago, and got zero replies. I was wondering when the world might catch up...
Phanteks Enthoo Pro M Tempered Glass Review
25th October 2016
Razer CEO Interview 2016 (Min-Liang Tan)
24th October 2016
MSI Aegis X Review
21st October 2016


text:
10.21.2016 | 19 Tishri, 5777
Arab motorcyclist attacks two Jews outside Old City
'Israel has every right to refuse a 1967 withdrawal'
IDF soldier lightly injured by rock thrower, suspect shot and killed
Flotilla court hearing held as raid victims fear Turkish court may halt case
Local soccer returns from extended break
Disheartening defeat to Prague for host Hapoel Beersheba
Jerusalem impresses in Eurocup opener
Yellow-and-blue beaten by Real Madrid
Visiting parliamentarians reject UNESCO's Jerusalem vote
Clinton more reliable for Israel than Trump– and Obama, Lieberman says
'Israeli-Americans who did not do their tax homework at greater risk of penalties'
MK: New plan for public broadcasting 'harmful to freedom of expression'
Founder of the Aviv Quartet on the ensemble's new season
Top 10 things to do
Israel's first Japanese film fest coming to a cinema near you
Enchantingly Gregorian
Quick thinking saves infant from black widow spider
Weizmann research could fight jet lag, sleep disorders
Only a quarter of Gr. 8 Jerusalem girls vaccinated for HPV
Health Scan: Dermatoscope can help women avoid breastfeeding pain
Israel, Turkey to open dialogue about natural gas export
Israel to boost solar energy production
Antiquities Authority building National Campus for the Archeology of Israel
Inspections show pollution violations at five Haifa Bay factories
A really new Middle East
Woe is us
The perfect response to UNESCO: Succot
Jerusalem Post Letters to the Editor: Readers have more to say about UNESCO
Iraqi Foreign Minister: Victory over ISIS key to Middle East Peace
'46% of Palestinians support Jordanian-Palestinian confederation based on two states'
Hezbollah supporter pegged for next Lebanese president
Mosul offensive going faster than planned, Iraqi PM says
Iran claims to have intel on Israeli-Saudi plot to stir unrest in country
Two American citizens sentenced by Iran to 10 years in jail
Just the facts: Iran's uranium enrichment and its nuclear potential
Report: Mobile phone service approved between Iran and US
Shin Bet: Arab-Israeli couple arrested for joining Islamic State in Iraq
US expects Islamic State to wield chemical weapons in Mosul fight
20 villages fall in first day of Mosul advance, Iraqi forces say
Will the inevitable reconquest of Mosul be the death knell of ISIS?
Senior Kansas politican praises 'great quote from Hitler'
7 sites near University of Toronto defaced with swastikas
Importance of undecided Jewish voters dwindles as White House race widens
Israeli embassy says antisemitic German teacher incites hate
'Tell us how you made Israel'
Mashav: Israel's Agency for International Development Cooperation
innovation:africa, Israeli innovations saving lives in Africa
iVoteIsrael reassures absentee voters: Deadline hasn't passed yet
Exclusive: Aish HaTorah rejects Trump rally after JPost report
Clinton vs Trump: Who won the final US presidential debate?
Trump claims Iran will 'absolutely' get the bomb on an otherwise Israel-free night
US State Dept official 'pressured' FBI to declassify Clinton email -FBI documents
Peres was a man of psalms, Clinton says
London's Muslim mayor backs Clinton for US president
When politicians get sick: Is Hillary Clinton's health like Ariel Sharon's?
Jewish reporter targeted with anti-Semitic tweets from Trump supporter
Trump sharpens 'rigged' election allegations disputed by Republican lawyers
Trump touched us inappropriately, two women tell New York Times
Grapevine: Thousands come to meet the president
Jerusalem Grapevine: Erev Yom Kippur bedlam
Succot bread
Star Catcher: Astrology for the week of October 21, 2016
Podcast: Does Trump love Jews or embolden antisemitic voices?
Why Starbucks failed in Israel (and only in Israel)
Taxicab Diplomacy: Trump vs. Clinton
PODCAST: After Turkey, Africa and Egypt, is Saudi Arabia Israel's next ally?
Malaysia to ban 'hot dogs' for sounding unislamic
Star Catcher: Astrology for the week of October 14, 2016
Star Catcher: Astrology for the week of October 7, 2016
Star Catcher: Astrology for the week of September 30, 2016
Warning: Weddings can be hazardous to your health
Race for respect
Port of Tel Aviv: More than a pretty picture
Creating chaos
A formula for nation building
Necessary Stories: Besieged
Status quo shenanigans
And what if?
The Hula valley and lake
Recipes from the white villages of Andalusia
Looking for ideas for all those left-over citrons?
Jerusalem of tourists?
Off the mat
This week in Jerusalem
They're in it for the dream
City Notes: Bridge on the beach
Stepping down the Carmel
The royal kippa
Today's newspaper, tomorrow's art
יוֹרֶה יָקָר
תֵשַע נְשָמוֹת
עִבְרִייָה - שִירֵי רָחֵל
כְּתוֹבוֹת אֶבֶן, עֵץ וּנְחוֹשֶת בִּמְעָרַת הַמַכְפֵּלָה
The Christian Edition- one month free subscription
Tzova: A history of mighty warriors
The banker who used Nazis to help save Jews
The Christian German who saved Jews speaking Yiddish
JNF USA 2016 National Conference in NY: 'One of the Most Successful Ever'
A Lake in the Middle of the Desert at Dimona's Ben Gurion Park
International Cleanup Day in Israel 2016 Launched in Afula
From Copenhagen to the Casuarina Circle at Ilanot
We will win but how long will it take? Including Bibi's Building Bluff
Is a Jewish safe haven possible in the Diaspora; is America the "exception"?
Potentially Misleading Statistics on Global Terrorism
Still Looking for Israel at Harvard
Middle East
09/20/2012 05:54
Egyptian woman protests in Cairo 370.
(photo credit:REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany)
Egyptian women's groups called again on President Mohamed Morsy and his
government this week to help combat increasing incidents of sexual harassment
against women.The women's groups, part of the Fouada Watch initiative,
monitored how Morsy and state institutions performed regarding women's rights in
the period from August 13 though September 15.
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BURNSVILLE, Minn. -- With two holiday weekends this December, AAA anticipates Christmas-New Year's holiday travel to hit its highest level ever, with an estimated 62.7 million Americans traveling 50 miles or more from home. This repesents a 3% increase over last year's 60.8 million travelers.
"With Christmas and New Year's Day both falling on Saturdays, many people will make weekend getaways," said Shannon Swanson, AAA Minnesota/Iowa spokesperson. "There is a downside to having both holidays fall on weekends, though. Last year provided separate weeklong windows for typical Saturday-to- Saturday vacations built around either Christmas or New Year's. This year, with just one week that includes the two holidays, competition for space at beach destinations, on cruise ships and at ski resorts has been much greater than last year."
Approximately 50.9 million travelers (81% of all holiday travelers) expect to go by motor vehicle, a 2.9% increase from the 49.4 million who drove a year ago. Another 8.6 million (14% of holiday travelers) plan to travel by airplane, up 3.5% from the 8.3 million that flew last Christmas-New Year's holiday. A projected 3.2 million travelers (5%) will go by train, bus, or other mode of transportation, up from 3.1 million a year ago.
Holiday auto travelers will find gas prices nationwide currently averaging $1.83 per gallon, down 14 cents during the last month, but about 36 cents higher than a year ago.
Other holiday travel costs are down from last year, with airfares down 6% from last year, reflecting expanded service by discount airlines, and hotel rates bucking recent price increases, falling 1.4% from last year. Rental car rates increased slightly, up 2.3% from 2003.
The greatest number of holiday auto travelers will originate in the Southeast with 13.3 million, followed by the West, 12.9 million; Midwest, 10.3 million; the Great Lakes, 8.0 million; and the Northeast, 6.4 million.
The Southeast is expected to produce the largest number of air travelers with 2.5 million, just ahead of the West, with 2.4 million. They are followed by the Northeast, 1.7 million; Midwest, 1.1 million; and Great Lakes with 900,000.
Cities are the expected destination for 40% of Christmas-New Year's travelers, followed by towns/rural areas, 29%. Oceans and beaches are popular, getting 15% of travelers, followed by mountain areas, 7%; 2% for lake areas; and 1% each for theme/amusement parks and state/national parks. Another 4% responded with other, and 1% said they didn't know.
Research for holiday travel is based on economic modeling and a national telephone survey of 1,397 adults by the Travel Industry Association of America.
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Members of the American Car Rental Association met with U.S. senators, representatives, and their aides last week. Here's why bringing the message to this forum matters.
Not caving to a customer with a blatant agenda may have consequences, especially for a small rental company that relies on stellar Yelp ratings to advertise. But business integrity must prevail.
Why are large van values holding up better than their compact counterparts, and will it last?


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48, Danville, CAI'm you're average "guy next door" type. I enjoy living near my family, and my sister's kids. I wish my two brothers were closer so I could be as close to their kids (perhaps ...
57, San Ramon, CAI am a kind, loyal, gentle person. I can be a good listener and good friend. I was previously married then divorced. My ex-wife recently passed away and so I am free to marry ...
61, Danville, CAI've been blessed with a wonderful loving family life and looking to share this gift with new friends and perhaps that one special woman who can join me and my extended family...
19, Danville, CAI really enjoy gardening and growing plants especially my orchids, I also am an aspiring singer! I was in the choir with my high school for four years. Some types of music I r...
49, San Ramon, CAHello, a little bit about me: Warm and funny with dancing, travel and fitness as some of my interests. I have a career I love and making a difference is something which is imp...
34, San Ramon, CAI'm a Music Teacher and Martial Artist! Briefly speaking, I am a music teacher, performer, and freelance musician (primarily Piano, some Organ). Though classically trained on ...
69, Danville, CAOccupation: Transportation; Height: 5' 10"; Eye Color: Blue; Hair Color: Salt-n-Pepper; Political Views...
60, Danville, CAEarnest, stable, caring, straightforward, benevolent, smooth, romantic, humorous, charming. I am a dedicated person to people around me, humble and have a very big heart. My ...
72, Danville, CAI have just retired and I look forward enjoying the outdoors walking or hiking the hills. I am active in my local catholic church and volunteer regularly. I am active in the K...
61, Diablo, CAJust trying out this site....not really sure that I have the patience for this! I am adventuresome, good shape, successful, easy going, family oriented.....and love living l...
53, Danville, CAI am looking for someone who is down to earth, easy going and likes to go out. Family is important to me. I have 2 kids. 16 and13. Both play compettive soccer. I enjoy bei...
26, Clayton, CAUm where to begin...Hello my name is Daniel, I grew up in a small town in the East Bay of California, graduated in the top 50 of my class in high school, and went on to get my...
Catholic Dating By Major City:
- San Jose,
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- Stockton,
- Oakland,
- Hayward,
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Catholic Dating By Diocese:
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- Diocese of Sacramento,
- Diocese of San Bernardino,
- Diocese of San Diego,
- Diocese of San Jose,
- Diocese of Santa Rosa,
- Diocese of Stockton


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Italian, Menu
two eggs any style with crisp hash browns, choose bacon, ham steak, sausage or canadian bacon and toast, bagel or muffin. includes juice and coffee
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aged cheddar, ham, mushrooms, peppers, onion, hash browns
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Welcome to Librarium Online!
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My first time playing Necrons with my Ulther. I knew what to expect because I had experience playing Necrons and they aren't exactly full of options.
2 Farseers, 1 w/ Guide and 1 w/ Fortune
3 Warlocks, 1 w/ Wraithgate and 1 w/ Enhance, Witch Blades and Pistols for everyone
16 Black Storm Guardians, 1 Warlock w/ Witch Blade, Pistol and Enhance
16 Black Storm Guardians, 1 Warlock w/ Witch Blade, Pistol and Enhance
17 Black Storm Guardians, 1 Warlock w/ Witch Blade, Pistol, Enhance and Waystone
Fast Attack
2 Vipers w/ Bright Lance and Crystal Targeting Matrix
Heavy Support
2 D-Cannon Batteries
3 War Walkers w/ Shuriken Cannons
2x Necron Lords w/ Resurrection Orbs and Lightning Field
15 Necron Warriors
2x 16 Necron Warriors
5 Scarab Swarms w/ Distruption Fields
Heavy Support
Terrain was two ruins, one on either side of me and a long, skinny forest up the middle. He had two ruins on either side of him. After we set up terrain I realized I made a huge mistake. I should have placed a piece in the middle to give my Council cover as they advanced. Already disapointed in my performance we set up our armies. His Monolith held the middle and both Lord squads were on either flank, his smaller unit holding the middle. The Scarabs Deep Striked. My Council was on my left, 12" up and the War Walkers were 12" up on my right. Everything else hid behind the skinny forest. As my armies stigma continued, I did no receive first turn.
Necrons Turn 1
He moved the right side Warrior units up about 4" and moved the Monolith up a little, trying not to get within D-Cannon range. The left side Warriors opened up on my Council and caused a wound on a Farseer.
Ulthwe Turn 1
My Council moved up 6" towards the Warriors and cast Fortune. My Vypers jumped forward and got a glancing on the Monolith but I only rolled a 1. I was still pretty happy. The War Walkers knocked down 3 Warriors from the squad across from the Council. The Council fleeted 2" and the D-Cannons scattered away from the Warriors they barely touched.
Necrons Turn 2
The Scarabs didn't come in. The fallen Warriors didn't come back up so he used the Monolith and got back two of them. Nothing else moved and he shot my Council with the two nearest squads but didn't harm them from bad rolling and low number of shots. The War Walkers were shot at the the Warriors on my right but were suprisingly unharmed.
Ulthwe Turn 2
2 Guardian Squads readied in the Gate. The Council moved up more and cast Fortune. The Vypers tried a repeat performance on the Monolith but were not as lucky. The War Walkers killed 2 Warriors from the squad that shot them last turn. The D-Cannons scattered to nothing again. The Council fleeted 6" and dropped the Gate. They tried to assault the nearest Warrior squad but were short by about an inch. I pretty much assumed they were dead.
Necrons Turn 3
The Scarabs came in and went right in front of the skinny forest. Nothing moved and the 2 Warrior squads opened up on my Council. They ended up killing the wounded Farseer and all three Warlocks as well as wounding the other Farseer. The Monolith's ordanance scattered away from him. My opponent took a minute and decided to shoot his last Warrior squad at the Farseer. He didn't have many shots but I had three saves to make. I failed all three and with the re-roll passed two. The Farseer lived with one wound much to my opponents chagrin. He passed his Ld test.
Ulthwe Turn 3
The Avatar and last squad came in and all popped out. The Avatar and one Guaridan squad prepared to assault the leftmost Warriors and the Farseer joined the other Guardian squad and prepared to assault the middle Warrior squad. The last squad didn't have room and unless they fleeted high they;d be left in the cold. The Vypers didn't hurt the Monolith again and I decided to leave that dumb thing alone. The Walkers and D-Cannons killed all the Scarabs. I launched my assaults and found out the leftmost squad containing the Lord had a Lightning Field. I probably should've asked first, big mistake. As it went I got off light, lost 9 Guardians but in return broke the unit and ran them down. No We'll Be Back for them. The other combat saw my opponent lose only one Warrior because of amazing saves and I lost one Guardian, so we drew. The Guardians and Avatar both Massacred 2" towards the middle combat.
Necrons Turn 4
The Monolith fired Ordanance at my middle squad as I realived I'd forgot to spread them out. Punishing me for my stupidity, he rolled a hit and killed 11. The were than wiped out by shoting from the unengaged Warriors. In the combat I killed 5 Warriors and lost 1 Guardian. He held and we piled in again.
Ulthwe Turn 4
The Guardian squad and Avatar moved to assault the middle squad. My Vypers killed 2 Warriors and the War Walkers killed 2 more. The D-Cannons continued to suck. Everything assaulted and After all the attacks I broke the unit and ran it down for the loss of 5 Guardians. No one Massacred far enough to make it into combat.
Necrons Turn 5
All the Warriors got back up. The Monolith lauched Ordanance at the larger Guardian sqaud, killing 9. Damn hits. The Warriors and his Lord poured shots into the Avatar but only put 1 wound on him. The squad that got pasted didn't run or get pinned and seeing I need to kill 4Warriors to win, my opponent withdrew.
This game could have easily gone te other way. Had I not stunned the Monolith, it could've killed alot more of my Council or if the Scarab Swarms didn't Deep Strike they could've held up my Council forever and stalled my assault fatally. On the other hand if I'd put a piece of terrain in the middle it probably wouldn't have been such a sweater. That's jsut how it goes against Necrons. ><
3+ saves are for newbies :)
Ulthwe Strike Force 22/0/1 *Retired*
Emperor's Children 4/0/0 *Retired*
o nice report and i was worried for a second that you were going to lose
Silly rabbit losing is for me
-i'm confused, how did storm guardians kill so many necron warriors in CC, they need a 4+ 5+, and then the necrons have a 3+, 4+?
Procrastination- hard work often pays off over time, but laziness always pays off now.
Indifference- it takes 43 muscles to frown, and 17 to smile, but none to just sit there with a dumb look on your face.
-Votewar 40K III= 1st place
-Votewar 40k mini= 2nd place
-Votewar fantasy 2= 2nd place
no i hit on a 3+ i have WS 5 son. and i charged with 60 attacks plus an avatar. the 4+ doesnt work when you get run down so that never cam into play. Necrons ain't hot in CC
3+ saves are for newbies :)
Ulthwe Strike Force 22/0/1 *Retired*
Emperor's Children 4/0/0 *Retired*
thought u had rather bad luck with the d cannons
that could have been much destructive
how come u lost 11?! to the ordnance?
just how packed were your guardians?!
yeah that was a big mistake >< i had them pretty packed in because im retarted and forgot the monolith existed i guess. he didn't even scatter, it was bad.
3+ saves are for newbies :)
Ulthwe Strike Force 22/0/1 *Retired*
Emperor's Children 4/0/0 *Retired*
Nice report. The more dead necrons the better.
Your list is illegal. Your avatar must have 2 warlocks min attached to it. read your codex again. sry.
I thought that was only the Spear of Khaine. I was under the impression that you could choose between the Spear and just the Avatar.
no you can't. the list has 2 hq options, spear of khaine and seer council. you cant just have a avatar


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Description: 307, 309 and 311, Ferry Road
Grade: II
Date Listed: 15 February 1980
English Heritage Building ID: 122998
OS Grid Reference: TQ8098095522
OS Grid Coordinates: 580980, 195522
Latitude/Longitude: 51.6294, 0.6135
Location: Ferry Road, Hullbridge, Essex SS5 6NA
Locality: Hullbridge
Local Authority: Rochford District Council
County: Essex
Country: England
Postcode: SS5 6NA
Incorrect location/postcode? Submit a correction!
Explore more of the area around Hullbridge, Essex at Explore Britain.
1/44 Nos. 307, 309 and 311
Row of cottages. C18. Timber framed and plastered with some batten decoration.
Red plain tiled roof, later hip with gablet to left. Red brick off centre left
and gault brick right chimney stacks. Rear ranges. 2 storeys and attics. 3
gabled dormers. 3 window range of vertically sliding sashes, mainly small paned
and a small paned bay to ground floor left. 4 doors alternating with ground
floor windows, all with moulded surrounds, that to right C20, the others
vertically boarded. Second door from left with frieze and flat canopy on
brackets, second door from right, with red tiled gabled porch. Plaque over this
door with initials S.H. and date 1793.
Listing NGR: TQ8098095522
This text is a legacy record and has not been updated since the building was originally listed. Details of the building may have changed in the intervening time. You should not rely on this listing as an accurate description of the building.
Source: English Heritage
Listed building text is © Crown Copyright. Reproduced under licence.


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Your home's exterior offers visitors their first impression. This should represent your own unique style and charm.
Scooped by
onto Real Estate and Building Real Estate Relationships
Before they see your stainless steel kitcher would be buyers see your mailbox, the dirveway, the front door and the yard. Many a buyer stops by the sidewalk for a second and then drives by. This article suggest some simple ways to invite buyers to come inside.


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Featuring new chapters on casino gambling and the nursing home industry, and updated throughout, the new edition of this highly readable work analyzes well-defined industries from commodities and manufacturing to distribution and services, showing how firms compete with one another. Each study gives appropriate attention to government policies that have influenced competitive conditions in the industry, and the material is presented without the use of calculus so that anyone with some background in economic principles can benefit from it. The book provides balance in regard to the mix of industries dealt and also in the varying perspectives of the contributors.85 for ten or more years, that success diverted attention from underlying, persistent problems of cost and quality. Moreover, minivan sales ... In 1998 Toyotaa#39;s Lexus division introduced its luxury SUV, the RX300. This product created a new andanbsp;...
|Industry Studies
|Larry L. Duetsch
|M.E. Sharpe - 2002-01-01