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Affiliations: *From the Bureau of Epidemiology (Ms. Lyon-Callo), Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI; and the RAND Corporation (Dr. Lara), Santa Monica, CA.,
Correspondence to: Sarah Lyon-Callo, MA, MS, Section Manager, Chronic Disease Epidemiology Section, Epidemiology Services Division, Bureau of Epidemiology, Michigan Department of Community Health, 201 Capitol View, Fourth Floor, Lansing, MI 48909; e-mail: email@example.com
Although policies promoting asthma-friendly communities should reduce asthma disparities, not much is known about the status of policy implementation or effectiveness. We review the efforts of state and local agencies to identify and target asthma disparities for reduction, as evidenced by written laws and policy documents and use of funding. Policies targeting health care, homes, schools, and workplaces hold promise for creating asthma-friendly communities; however, the scope and reach of these activities must be increased to have statewide or national impact. In addition, there is a general lack of systematic review of evidence about the institutionalization of successful demonstration programs into policy.
The burden of asthma in the United States varies by age, race and ethnicity, gender, income, geographic residence, primary language, education, and literacy.1–4 Even with recent reductions in rates of severe asthma events, disparities continue.1–4 State and local municipalities can act to reduce asthma disparities through their multiple roles as regulators in health care, education, and environmental arenas; promoters of public health awareness and intervention activities; sources of funding and quality assurance for Medicaid and safety net systems; and purchasers of health care for governmental employees. Nongovernmental organizations, such as professional organizations and foundations, play a role in reducing health disparities through advocacy, policy development, funding, and implementation of programs.
Policies to promote asthma-friendly communities, that is, communities in which people with asthma receive a quick and accurate diagnosis, receive appropriate treatment, and are safe from physical and social environmental risks that exacerbate asthma,5 have been proposed at the national level. Although integration of policy activities at the national, state, and local levels is important to reach the goal of asthma-friendly communities for all, the purpose of this review is to describe the specific role that state and local policies can have in reducing asthma disparities.
In this review, asthma disparities are defined as differences in outcomes and management by race and ethnicity, gender, income, geography, language, literacy, and/or insurance status. Policy was defined broadly as "… purposeful action by an organization or institution to address an identified problem or issue through executive, legislative or administrative means."6
We conducted a literature review of articles on asthma policies using PubMed, with an emphasis on disparities. The bibliographies of relevant papers were also examined to identify other references. Additional online searches of state and local associations addressing health policies were conducted using World Wide Web search engines and following links from identified Web sites. The facilitator and members of the State and Local Policy Workgroup of the National Workshop to Reduce Asthma Disparities provided review and comment on the results of the literature and Web search and a set of preliminary conclusions.
National, state, and local governments have increased attention to health disparities in recent years.5,7–22 A number of federal agencies and national foundations are funding activities that have the potential to reduce asthma disparities at state, county, city, and health-care provider levels.10–25 Three reports deserve specific mention: (1) "Improving Childhood Asthma Outcomes in the United States: a Blueprint for Policy Action"5 provides a framework for developing asthma-friendly communities and 11 specific recommendations for improving health-care delivery and financing and for strengthening the public health infrastructure; (2) "Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care"18 contains recommendations to improve legal, regulatory and policy arenas and health systems; provide patient education and empowerment; provide cross-cultural education in the health professions; improve data collection and monitoring; and address research needs; and (3) "State Policy Agenda To Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities"9 provides state policy makers with a menu of interventions to address minority health disparities, including interventions in addressing asthma.
A consolidation of the recommendations in these policy documents5,9,18 provides a model policy framework (Table 1
) to explore the potential for state and local policies to reduce asthma disparities. The policy framework encompasses the following: (1) health-care access and financing; (2) quality of health-care delivery; (3) health-care workforce diversity and cultural competency; (4) data collection and surveillance; (5) public health infrastructure; and (6) the development of asthma-friendly environments in homes, schools, and workplaces. For five of these areas, we provide examples of existing state and local policies or programs that may reduce asthma disparities (Table 2
). The policy framework recommendations regarding the diversity and cultural competencies of health-care professionals are covered in depth by Cabana (see page 810S) in this volume and will not be discussed here. The majority of activities and policy initiatives described below are in early stages of implementation and/or conducted in isolated areas or sites across the nation.
The policy framework recommends extending continuous health-care coverage to all uninsured children and addressing coverage for adults and immigrant populations. Shields in this volume (see page 818S) provides an excellent review of private and public health-care trends, including the benefits of the expansion in Medicaid, the State Children's Health Insurance Program, and federal qualified community health centers, and the potential of pay-for-performance, disease management, and information technology efforts to reduce disparities. We will not duplicate her work here; rather focus on state or local initiatives that particularly deal with increasing the likelihood that people with asthma have health coverage. Some states, counties, and cities are promoting and implementing policies to increase the number of people with chronic diseases, including asthma, who have health care coverage and access.16–17,21,25 Seven states have included asthma in their definitions of medically fragile or disability,,7 increasing the likelihood that children with severe asthma can obtain health-care coverage or services. Some states have passed specific laws or regulations (Table 2) trying to reduce barriers (such as copayments) to obtaining asthma services or medications for children, the elderly, and economically disadvantaged populations.,7
Other states and local communities fund programs to bring quality asthma care directly to children in areas of highest need, focusing on school-based health centers19,25–26 or mobile clinics such as the "Breathmobiles"23(Table 2), to provide asthma diagnostic, clinical, and education services to students on a routine basis. For example, a New Mexico Medicaid program is funding pediatric pulmonary clinics in outlying areas experiencing highest asthma rates.7 Hawaii is conducting a childhood asthma project using rural community health centers11(Table 2). Texas law mandates implementation of Medicaid disease management programs for asthma in counties with a high pediatric asthma incidence and rates of emergency department visits.7 All of these policies and programs are meant to increase access to quality asthma care for populations of greatest need.
Promoting the consistency and equity of health care using evidence-based guidelines, including the use of performance measures for asthma care and disparities, is a theme common to all three policy documents. State and local policies can drive health systems changes by setting standards of care and performance measurement; funding improvements in processes of care; and/or requiring various levels of disease management for people with asthma receiving state-funded health care.
A number of initiatives at the national,19–21,24 state and county7,16–18,25,27–28 levels promote reimbursement systems that provide adequate funding for quality asthma care, as part of an overall effort to improve primary care for chronic diseases. For example, California27 is using an 1115 Medicaid Waiver to restructure the health-care delivery system in Los Angeles County to rely more on primary preventive care than acute care. This waiver includes resources to restructure levels of reimbursement and performance measurement, provide health services to indigent populations, and provide reimbursements to clinics that are participating in the demonstration.
Some state and local agencies are forming public/private partnerships to determine quality and performance standards for asthma care (Table 2).11,25,27–28 For example, Oregon is developing and implementing performance measures to promote consistency and equity of care in state health plans, with an emphasis on high-risk asthma patients (Table 2). Certification standards for asthma management and education standards can also be developed, similar to those in some states for diabetes care and education.29
Numerous asthma interventions11,25,28,30 involving both clinical and community components are targeted and tailored for low-income and disadvantaged populations. "Yes We Can" of San Francisco (Table 2) targets low-income children through changes in primary care clinics, provider education, clinical care coordination for high-risk children, and high-risk case finding with aggressive follow-up. A number of state minority health programs,7 target asthma funding to programs already serving low-income and minority children (Table 2).
Recommendations from national organizations19,22,31 emphasize the need to collect and report data on health-care access and utilization by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and primary language, as well as to monitor environmental exposures and their impact on asthma. These data are essential to raise awareness of disparities, to develop interventions and target health services and programs, and to evaluate program effectiveness. The policy framework recommends state governments alter purchasing contracts and certification processes to require plans and health-care providers to collect needed demographic data.
The most sophisticated surveillance systems measure asthma prevalence, mortality, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits; survey asthma management, trigger exposure, and quality of life; and review clinical and pharmacy utilization for Medicaid and health plan members.11 Most states are unable to collect or obtain data in the geographic and demographic detail needed to adequately monitor asthma disparities.32In addition, the incompatibility of the collection of race and ethnicity in the 2000 Census and in health data systems has complicated the calculation of health statistics by race and ethnicity and limited the value of these health statistics in understanding disparities at the local level over time.33 A few states have disparity reporting efforts underway that can also raise awareness of the need for improved data collection for identifying and monitoring asthma disparities.16
Many health service delivery systems do not collect racial and ethnic data34 due to concerns over antidiscrimination obligations, perceived legal barriers, and confidentiality. State regulations on data collection by health management organizations vary from requiring to prohibiting collection of race/ethnicity or primary language.7,34 The variation in data collection among states may be a barrier to disparity reduction approaches driven by performance measurements and quality improvement techniques. As described above, some states and collaboratives are developing performance measurement systems to help identify and target disparities in asthma care (Table 2).
The policy framework recommends improvements to the public health infrastructure, including public health grants fostering asthma-friendly communities, home environments, and schools. The policy framework also recommends increasing cultural and linguistic competencies of public health institutions and work force, and developing state minority health infrastructure.
Since the late 1990s, federal, state, and local public health agencies have been developing plans for addressing asthma and funding public health activities and partnerships,10–11,13 many of which directly address reduction of asthma disparities. A number of state legislatures7 have directed health departments to develop asthma programs that target asthma activities to populations with highest needs. All published State Asthma Plans aim to reduce asthma disparities by targeting activities to high risk or vulnerable populations.11 Some other states have institutionalized asthma outreach into existing disparity reduction programs.7,16 Nebraska laws require the health department to establish and fund Offices of Minority Health in each congressional district that will target asthma (Table 2). New Jersey's Office on Minority and Multicultural Health is to develop innovative projects to reduce dramatic differences in asthma rates between white and minority populations (Table 2).
Federal, state, and local asthma funding is also often targeted at populations experiencing disparities. Federal agencies and national foundations have funded efforts to develop asthma-friendly communities in urban areas that should determine if the community coalition approach can reduce disparities.11,15,35–37 Some state and local governments, health systems, and foundations are targeting funding for local asthma coalitions to areas of highest asthma burden.7,18,25,36–37 The challenge is to maintain the programs once the grant or foundation funding is gone.
Barriers to self-management, including environmental exposures that can exacerbate asthma, differ by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Changes to and enforcement of state and local housing codes and landlord/tenant laws may help to address asthma disparities.16,36,38–42 Some states and cities are developing collaboratives between public health, housing, and construction departments to address housing codes content and enforcement.40 In-home assessment and remediation activities ("Healthy Homes" initiatives) are also underway.16,25,36,40,42–44 These programs tend to be grant or foundation funded and institutionalizing functions into existing public health activities will probably be a challenge.
Policies addressing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure reduce asthma exacerbations in people of all ages.44–47 The Institute of Medicine38 has identified the need to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, particularly in "children at greatest risk for adverse asthma outcomes." The number of policies reducing exposure to secondhand smoke has increased at the state and local levels, although preemption efforts are also underway.45 Thirty-nine states have policies addressing tobacco use in school buildings or on school property, including four states whose policies explicitly prohibit use of tobacco by students, staff members, and school visitors.8 States have also been implementing awareness campaigns, tailoring and targeting asthma and secondhand smoke messages to specific populations. For example, some states and cities are working with the Environmental Protection Agency smoke-free homes campaigns to raise awareness of the relationship between asthma and secondhand smoke, including tailoring these campaigns to particular communities.11,36,44
Federal agencies and national associations8,11,42,44,47 have developed guidance documents outlining policies and procedures for asthma-friendly schools. A number of state legislatures and boards of education have passed a variety of asthma policies.8 As of December 2004, 33 states have policies that allow students to carry and self-administer medications in schools. Twenty-eight states require that individual education or health plans incorporate accommodations and medical instructions for students with chronic health conditions. Eleven states mention asthma awareness or education in their policy related to school health curricula. No state has a written policy requiring professional development for school staff on asthma awareness, management, or emergency response. Twenty-three states have policies addressing indoor air quality and 24 states have policies on pesticide use on school grounds.8 The Environmental Protection Agency is promoting changes to school policies on bus driving/loading procedures to reduce exposure to diesel exhaust44(Table 2).
Reducing the proximity of housing, schools, and day-care facilities to highly trafficked roadways and point sources of ambient air pollutants known to exacerbate asthma36,42,48 is another important policy area. Antisprawl and outdoor air quality initiatives could help to decrease exposure to allergens/irritants. For example, California fuel economy standards cite the relationship of asthma to outdoor air pollutants.7,23 Additional research is needed on the impact of these policies on reducing asthma rates in communities most affected by pollution.36
Workplace exposures can also cause asthma or exacerbate existing asthma.49The National Institutes for Occupational Safety and Health is funding four states to conduct case identification, exposure reduction, and education activities with workers and employers that can reduce asthma disparities by preventing occupational asthma.50 For example, the Michigan system reports on the incidence of occupational asthma by sex, race, smoking status, and county of employment.50 These data are used to initiate investigations of workplaces, targeting industries and occupational groups with the highest rates of disease and exposures. In addition to federal funding, state law50 requiring reporting of occupational disease makes this system possible.
The purpose of this review was to identify policies that have been shown to or have the potential to reduce asthma disparities, as well as discuss a number of activities or interventions that could lead to policies in the future. There are promising examples. Some states and local communities are attempting to target limited health dollars and public health resources to areas with greatest need. School policies may improve asthma management, educate students about asthma, and improve the indoor environment. Similarly, ordinances ensuring smoke-free work places, schools, and public places hold great promise for reducing asthma triggers. Although several activities across public and private sectors have the potential to reduce asthma disparities, we found a general lack of peer-reviewed, published evidence-based programs or policies. The implementation of these policies remains sketchy at best, related perhaps, to lack of education and political will resulting in inadequate funding of recommendations.
There are also obvious gaps in policy activity. For example, comprehensive data systems, including information on race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, literacy, primary language and geography, are needed to monitor trends in asthma management, outcomes and trigger exposure. A number of state and local collaboratives are developing systems that routinely measure asthma management and react accordingly. However, policies need to support the inclusion of detailed sociodemographic information in the systems and provide for the routine examination of data to identify disparities in asthma management.
Policies on educating and training school staff about asthma are also lacking, as is evidence of policies improving asthma management and environments in the child-care setting. Similarly, although housing code enforcement efforts may be institutionalized into existing public health activities, there is currently no source of funding for in-home remediation of asthma triggers. The case needs to be developed for making asthma education, management devices, and materials for reducing in-home triggers (eg, mite-impermeable bed covers) a reimbursable part of case management services. The Community Health Worker model for environmental control of asthma triggers and improvement of coordination of asthma services also hold much promise.36 Evaluation of the feasibility and impact of these activities should continue. In addition, much more work is needed on the impact of planning policy on reducing proximity of homes, schools, and day cares to high traffic roadways.
Asthma policies are relatively new, and variation in policies across states and localities is a cross cutting theme of this review. While the definition of asthma-friendly community should be consistent, some variation in policy is to be expected, as different areas will have different policy needs. This variation provides many "natural experiments" into which policies may be effective in particular situations. However, policies promoting the development of asthma-friendly communities hold promise for reducing disparities only if policies and interventions appropriately address all subpopulations. The results of these natural experiments always should be evaluated. Following continued evaluation, success or failure of implementation strategies of existing policies need to be shared widely with other state and local communities and organizations.
Another theme in this review was the important role that federal resources and guidance play in development and evaluation of asthma activities at the state and local levels. Federal dollars and flexibility in funding guidelines allow states and local areas the opportunity to innovate. For example, reducing asthma disparities in the health-care system requires funding for system level changes, including setting quality standards, measuring performance, and altering reimbursement to provide for adequate asthma management. To date, state and local agencies rely heavily on federal resources from agencies such as the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to implement system changes. Expanding and maintaining health system changes will require investment. In the absence of additional funding, state and local governments and health-care providers will only be able to make this investment if long-term cost neutrality or savings are documented. Areas with fewest resources will have the most difficult time making such an investment, thereby potentially increasing disparities in access and quality of care.
The lack of information on the health impact of asthma policy was a critical limitation of this review. Many of the activities described regard newly implemented policies or statements of intention to act, rather than describing published evaluations of implemented policies. Only a sampling of policies and activities are presented here, not an exhaustive compendium of state and local activities. Even for those activities or policies with demonstrable efficacy, there is limited information on their effectiveness over time. Furthermore, the existing information on local level activities is not routinely summarized for use by public health. Asthma is a relatively recent addition to state and local public health activities, and determining what activities and policies are most effective will take time. Evaluation of the impact of these policy activities would be beneficial before other states and localities institute asthma policies. All these findings point to the need for a routine, systematic review of the impact of community and policy interventions, combined with a method for disseminating those findings to communities across the country. This holds true for asthma, as well as other chronic illnesses and primary prevention strategies.
National, state, and local agencies and foundations are making efforts to explicitly identify and reduce asthma disparities. State and local agencies are producing reports describing disparities, and laws and policy documents indicate intention to reduce asthma disparities. Policies targeting the distribution of health care resources and addressing asthma management in home, school, and work place settings hold promise for creating asthma-friendly communities. However, much of this policy innovation has been financed or supported by national initiatives and organizations, and the scope and reach of these activities have been necessarily limited. To achieve a broad and sustainable reduction of asthma disparities, these local demonstration projects must be routinely assessed and, when shown affective and affordable, shared widely and quickly with other state and local agencies. Evidence is needed to enable states to justify investment of limited state funds in these practices. Furthermore, policies must be in place to ensure data systems are adequate to identify and monitor changes in asthma disparities over time.
This work was performed at the Michigan Department of Community Health and the RAND Corporation.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Adapted from Lara M, Rosenbaum S, Rachelefsky G, et al. Improving childhood asthma outcomes in the United States: a blueprint for policy action. Pediatrics 2002; 109:919–930.
Adapted from Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds. Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, 2004; 20–21.
Adapted from McDonough JE, Gibbs BK, Scott-Harris JL, et al. A state policy agenda to eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities Commonwealth Fund 2004.
The authors thank the State and Local Policy Work Group of the National Workshop To Reduce Asthma Disparities for their contributions.
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This Specialty Importer and Distributor has been selling high quality school and office supplies and Arts and Crafts materials to the educational market for the past 30 years. Their registered brands are recognized for their high quality and performance by school districts, educational retailers and catalog companies throughout the United States.
The company's competitive pricing, high end quality and reliable service has created a dedicated customer base that has been purchasing their products for decades.
The business operates remotely from home offices, while a fulfillment center inventories and ships the Company's products. The Seller will provide support and training in the transfer of customer and vendor relationships.
Financials (USD)
Asking Price $349,000
Sales $334,000
Profit $129,000
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text: Santa on the ChimneySat., Dec. 3Starting at 11:00 am - Ending at 2:00 pmAdditional DatesDec. 1011:00 am - 2:00 pmOnlineWebsite - www.chimneyrockpark.comAddress431 Main St. Chimney Rock NC 28720PhonePrimary - (828) 625-9611Toll Free - (800) 277-9611The holiday season in Lake Lure is never complete without the sights of Santa Claus repelling 200 feet from the most famous chimney of all, Chimney Rock at Chimney Rock State Park. Visit the park on the first two Saturday's in December to witness the annual daring descent as Mr. Claus practices to sweep chimneys bringing presents to good children all around the world. Take joy in meeting Santa and Mrs. Claus, listen to live holiday music, sip on hot cocoa with cookies and have fun with kids' activities. Plus meet live Park animal animals and educators.Admission: Included with Park admission


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Tropical Casa Laguna
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The AI programme consists of breakfast (07:30-10:30), lunch (12:30-14:00) and dinner (19:00-21:30), all buffet style, served in either El Arrecife (International) or Pane Y Olio (Italian) restaurant. Dinner is also available at the Viva Zapata A la Carte restaurant (Mexican cuisine). During meals soft drinks, juice (orange, lemon, pineapple, etc), wine and cocktails are being offered. Local drinks such as whiskey, brandy, soft drinks, mineral water, juices, coffee, etc are served at the bars (one beach bar & a pool bar) between 10:00 & 23:00 and in the restaurants during the dining hours.
Peta & Lokasi
Carretera Principal Dominika


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My mother suffers from Rheumatic heart disease and has irregular heart rate. How to control the heart rate ?
SIR my mother is taking channelSR120 one tablet daily fruslac one tab, acitrom 2mg one tab in morning. she is suffering rhematic heart disease with moderate ms( mvop1.2sqcm), last one month she has irrarular heart rate100/min after 8 hours of taking medicines. heart rate remain 74/min after medicine. can this 100/min heart rate is dangerous , can it be controlled.age is 68yrs height is 5ft 3inch & weaght is 48kg
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Cardiologist, Interventional
Dr. (Prof.) Subroto Mandal
hello .... N Welcome ....
Treatment of
Rheumatic heart disease
is nicely done by ur physician.
heart rate
, between 60 to 100 is totally normal.
Some time we can use
beta blocker
in place Of Channel Sr 120. With beta blockers some time we can control heart rate in a better way.
U should check for regular Inr Test.
So, good luck, dont worry n continue with medication
Answered: Fri, 6 Apr 2012
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Edit Answer here...
hello .... N Welcome ....
Treatment of Rheumatic heart disease is nicely done by ur physician.
Regarding heart rate, between 60 to 100 is totally normal.
Some time we can use beta blocker in place Of Channel Sr 120. With beta blockers some time we can control heart rate in a better way.
U should check for regular Inr Test.
So, good luck, dont worry n continue with medication
You found this answer helpful
User's Response
hi deepak
welcome to health care magic
100/min is not dangerous bt if it go above 100 than it can term as
and below 60/min it is term as
60 to 100/min is normal range so need not worry.
Answered: Thu, 9 Jun 2011
Are you sure you want to delete this answer?
Edit Answer here...
hi deepak
welcome to health care magic
100/min is not dangerous bt if it go above 100 than it can term as tachycardia and below 60/min it is term as bradycardia.
60 to 100/min is normal range so need not worry.
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text: 6KiB, 259x194, download (1).jpg View SameGoogleiqdbSauceNAO Blender? Anunymous Fri 02 Oct 17:29:18 2015 No.496286 ViewReplyOriginalReport Quoted By: >>496296 >>496306 >>496309 >>496347 >>496453 >>496577 >>499963 >>502238 >>502328 >>504674 >>504972 >>510116 >>512425 What does /3/ think of Blender? Im very much a beginner at this, and mostly just want to work with physics, and object creations, and would like to move to Houdini Or Maya (probably Houdini) when i get better. Subject Name E-mail Password You might be a bot! Enter a reCAPTCHA to continue. Solution Get another CAPTCHA Get an audio CAPTCHA Get an image CAPTCHA Help


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mrmrsf Review
Very Nice
It's perfect. We were very impressed with this ottoman. It is exactly as pictured, right down to the fabric texture & color. It is very well made; the removable top is very firm, not fluffy. Its look is classy yet simple, a nice gold color, not too bold and will blend with anything. We have it in our great room where we wanted extra emergency seating but also needed an accent table for social gatherings. It sits between 2 chairs with a round bronze tray on top to accommodate refreshments, and will also work great for an extra seat when needed.
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? Exactly as pictured
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Great quality
- How accurate was the on site description of the product? Very Accurate
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Home >> Management Theories
problem 1: Big Bazaar is attempting to recognize its competitors however want to avoid competitor myopia. Name some of its potential competitors from both industry and market viewpoint.
problem 2: Why is it significant to understand the competitor's objectives?
problem 3: What are the merits and demerits of market nicher competitive strategy?
problem 4: Why is it significant for a company to maintain a balance between customer and weak competitor orientations?
problem 5: Conduct a customer value analysis for five local restaurants. Who are the strong and weak competitors? For the strong competitors, what are their vulnerabilities?
problem 6: Dell is the leader in notebook market, with HP threatening its market share. What are the potential market leader strategies for Dell?
problem 7: Identify illustrations of brands that have created growth in stagnant or declining industries. What revitalization routes were taken?
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|By RealWire News Distribution
Article Rating:
|November 16, 2012 05:18 AM EST
CloudSigma Partners with The Founder Institute to Award Six Free Months of Unlimited IaaS Capacity to Start-Ups; ZenCash, Explorence, Citybot and JobFig
Zurich, Switzerland - November 15, 2012 - CloudSigma, an international, customer-centric, pure-cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider, today announced that it has partnered with The Founder Institute to award four start-ups with six free months of unlimited capacity on CloudSigma's IaaS platform. By housing their infrastructure on CloudSigma's platform, these start-ups will have the opportunity to leverage CloudSigma's flexible, open software layer to adapt their IT infrastructure as needed, supporting the typical rapid growth and changing demands of start-up businesses.
The four start-ups were named 'Most Innovative' during the November 7th Founder Showcase, hosted by The Founder Institute. Because CloudSigma places no restrictions on existing software or operating systems, the start-up companies will be able to seamlessly migrate to CloudSigma's platform and immediately gain access to one of the most advanced public clouds on the market, with its pay-as-you-go pricing, full scalability, 40 GigE networking and solid state drive (SSD) storage. And, with unlimited access to CloudSigma's public cloud, the start-up companies avoid any computing limitations while testing and further developing their product, or service.
CloudSigma decided to award this particular group of winners with six months of free, unlimited service because of their commitment to innovate and advance their respective industries with unique products and business models. The winners include:
ZenCash: Helps small businesses get paid through an online service that automates the entire accounts receivable process.
Explorence: Recruits phone sensors to immerse players in outdoor video games.
Citybot: Eases travelers' lives by providing them with a personal travel guide.
JobFig: Utilizes the Five Factor Model of Personality to match employers with potential employees.
"Our platform has consistently proven ideal for start-ups' IT needs," said Robert Jenkins, CTO and co-founder, CloudSigma. "We've seen start-ups encounter a lot of problems with industry giants, like Amazon, when migrating to the cloud. Other providers' restrictive deployment options and 'one-size-fits-all' approach simply aren't conducive to start-ups' flexibility needs. Therefore, we are excited to offer four promising start-ups the opportunity for growth and success on our customer-centric IaaS platform."
Today's announcement further showcases CloudSigma's commitment to supporting the development of start-ups. In June, CloudSigma partnered with Le Camping, a Parisian startup accelerator powered by Silicon Sentier, and its startup participant Skimm!, a mobile payment system provider. Le Camping and Skimm! found that CloudSigma enabled start-ups to deliver optimum performance while still maintaining strategic control and flexibility at the lowest price point, thanks to CloudSigma's unbundled resources and pay-as-you-go pricing.
About CloudSigma
CloudSigma is a pure-cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider that offers highly-available, flexible, enterprise-class cloud servers and cloud hosting solutions, both in Europe and the U.S. CloudSigma is the most customizable cloud provider on the market, giving customers full control over their cloud and eliminating restrictions on how users deploy their computing resources. With CloudSigma, customers can provision processing, storage, networks and other fundamental computing resources as they please, as well as easily deploy any operating system or application with full root/administrative access. The result is the highest-performing cloud at the most efficient price possible.
With infrastructure in Interxion's European Cloud Hubs and SwitchNap's Las Vegas data center campus, CloudSigma selects the highest-quality facilities to support its innovative infrastructure. CloudSigma is increasingly being recognized for its advancement of the cloud IaaS industry and was chosen as one of Europe's top 25 cloud companies in 2010. For more information, please visit www.cloudsigma.com or visit the company on Twitter @CloudSigma, Facebook and Google+.
Press Contact
Meredith L. Eaton
March Communications
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Established in 1998, Calsoft is a leading software product engineering Services Company specializing in Storage, Networking, Virtualization and Cloud business verticals. Calsoft provides End-to-End Product Development, Quality Assurance Sustenance, Solution Engineering and Professional Services expertise to assist customers in achieving their product development and business goals. The company's deep domain knowledge of Storage, Virtualization, Networking and Cloud verticals helps in delivering ...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that Cloudbric, a leading website security provider, will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Cloudbric is an elite full service website protection solution specifically designed for IT novices, entrepreneurs, and small and medium businesses. First launched in 2015, Cloudbric is based on the enterprise level Web Application Firewall by Penta Security Sys...
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The best way to leverage your Cloud Expo presence as a sponsor and exhibitor is to plan your news announcements around our events. The press covering Cloud Expo and @ThingsExpo will have access to these releases and will amplify your news announcements. More than two dozen Cloud companies either set deals at our shows or have announced their mergers and acquisitions at Cloud Expo. Product announcements during our show provide your company with the most reach through our targeted audiences.
Oct. 24, 2016 06:15 PM EDT Reads: 4,739
In the next five to ten years, millions, if not billions of things will become smarter. This smartness goes beyond connected things in our homes like the fridge, thermostat and fancy lighting, and into heavily regulated industries including aerospace, pharmaceutical/medical devices and energy. "Smartness" will embed itself within individual products that are part of our daily lives. We will engage with smart products - learning from them, informing them, and communicating with them. Smart produc...
Oct. 24, 2016 05:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,495
Extreme Computing is the ability to leverage highly performant infrastructure and software to accelerate Big Data, machine learning, HPC, and Enterprise applications. High IOPS Storage, low-latency networks, in-memory databases, GPUs and other parallel accelerators are being used to achieve faster results and help businesses make better decisions. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Michael O'Neill, Strategic Business Development at NVIDIA, focused on some of the unique ways extreme computing is...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that 910Telecom will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Housed in the classic Denver Gas & Electric Building, 910 15th St., 910Telecom is a carrier-neutral telecom hotel located in the heart of Denver. Adjacent to CenturyLink, AT&T, and Denver Main, 910Telecom offers connectivity to all major carriers, Internet service providers, Internet backbones and ...
Oct. 24, 2016 05:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,627
SYS-CON Events announced today that Coalfire will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Coalfire is the trusted leader in cybersecurity risk management and compliance services. Coalfire integrates advisory and technical assessments and recommendations to the corporate directors, executives, boards, and IT organizations for global brands and organizations in the technology, cloud, health...
Oct. 24, 2016 04:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,565
In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, Claude Remillard, Principal Program Manager in Developer Division at Microsoft, will contrast how his team used config as code and immutable patterns for continuous delivery of microservices and apps to the cloud. He will show the immutable patterns helps developers do away with most of the complexity of config as code-enabling scenarios such as rollback, zero downtime upgrades with far greater simplicity. He will also have live demos of building immutable pipe...
Oct. 24, 2016 04:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,583
SYS-CON Events announced today that Transparent Cloud Computing (T-Cloud) Consortium will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. The Transparent Cloud Computing Consortium (T-Cloud Consortium) will conduct research activities into changes in the computing model as a result of collaboration between "device" and "cloud" and the creation of new value and markets through organic data proces...
Oct. 24, 2016 04:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,365
In his general session at 18th Cloud Expo, Lee Atchison, Principal Cloud Architect and Advocate at New Relic, discussed cloud as a 'better data center' and how it adds new capacity (faster) and improves application availability (redundancy). The cloud is a 'Dynamic Tool for Dynamic Apps' and resource allocation is an integral part of your application architecture, so use only the resources you need and allocate /de-allocate resources on the fly.
Oct. 24, 2016 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,723
As data explodes in quantity, importance and from new sources, the need for managing and protecting data residing across physical, virtual, and cloud environments grow with it. Managing data includes protecting it, indexing and classifying it for true, long-term management, compliance and E-Discovery. Commvault can ensure this with a single pane of glass solution – whether in a private cloud, a Service Provider delivered public cloud or a hybrid cloud environment – across the heterogeneous enter...
Oct. 24, 2016 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,402
Traditional on-premises data centers have long been the domain of modern data platforms like Apache Hadoop, meaning companies who build their business on public cloud were challenged to run Big Data processing and analytics at scale. But recent advancements in Hadoop performance, security, and most importantly cloud-native integrations, are giving organizations the ability to truly gain value from all their data. In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, David Tishgart, Director of Product Marketing ...
Oct. 24, 2016 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 2,557
So you think you are a DevOps warrior, huh? Put your money (not really, it's free) where your metrics are and prove it by taking The Ultimate DevOps Geek Quiz Challenge, sponsored by DevOps Summit. Battle through the set of tough questions created by industry thought leaders to earn your bragging rights and win some cool prizes.
Oct. 24, 2016 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 4,018
We're entering the post-smartphone era, where wearable gadgets from watches and fitness bands to glasses and health aids will power the next technological revolution. With mass adoption of wearable devices comes a new data ecosystem that must be protected. Wearables open new pathways that facilitate the tracking, sharing and storing of consumers' personal health, location and daily activity data. Consumers have some idea of the data these devices capture, but most don't realize how revealing and...
Oct. 24, 2016 02:15 PM EDT Reads: 3,953
A completely new computing platform is on the horizon. They're called Microservers by some, ARM Servers by others, and sometimes even ARM-based Servers. No matter what you call them, Microservers will have a huge impact on the data center and on server computing in general. Although few people are familiar with Microservers today, their impact will be felt very soon. This is a new category of computing platform that is available today and is predicted to have triple-digit growth rates for some ...
Oct. 24, 2016 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 34,155
Governments around the world are adopting Safe Harbor privacy provisions to protect customer data from leaving sovereign territories. Increasingly, global companies are required to create new instances of their server clusters in multiple countries to keep abreast of these new Safe Harbor laws. Is it worth it? In his session at 19th Cloud Expo, Adam Rogers, Managing Director of Anexia, Inc., will discuss how to keep your data legal and still stay in business.
Oct. 24, 2016 01:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,452
SYS-CON Events announced today that MathFreeOn will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. MathFreeOn is Software as a Service (SaaS) used in Engineering and Math education. Write scripts and solve math problems online. MathFreeOn provides online courses for beginners or amateurs who have difficulties in writing scripts. In accordance with various mathematical topics, there are more tha...
Oct. 24, 2016 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,012
In past @ThingsExpo presentations, Joseph di Paolantonio has explored how various Internet of Things (IoT) and data management and analytics (DMA) solution spaces will come together as sensor analytics ecosystems. This year, in his session at @ThingsExpo, Joseph di Paolantonio from DataArchon, will be adding the numerous Transportation areas, from autonomous vehicles to "Uber for containers." While IoT data in any one area of Transportation will have a huge impact in that area, combining sensor...
Oct. 24, 2016 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 860
SYS-CON Events announced today that SoftNet Solutions will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. SoftNet Solutions specializes in Enterprise Solutions for Hadoop and Big Data. It offers customers the most open, robust, and value-conscious portfolio of solutions, services, and tools for the shortest route to success with Big Data. The unique differentiator is the ability to architect and ...
Oct. 24, 2016 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 899
Successful transition from traditional IT to cloud computing requires three key ingredients: an IT architecture that allows companies to extend their internal best practices to the cloud, a cost point that allows economies of scale, and automated processes that manage risk exposure and maintain regulatory compliance with industry regulations (FFIEC, PCI-DSS, HIPAA, FISMA). The unique combination of VMware, the IBM Cloud, and Cloud Raxak, a 2016 Gartner Cool Vendor in IT Automation, provides a co...
Oct. 24, 2016 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,229


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Bibliographic Details
Title: Visual Information Communication
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Gmbh Dez 2009
Publication Date: 2009
Binding: Buch
Book Condition: Neu
Neuware - Visual communication through graphical and sign languages has long been conducted among human beings of different backgrounds and cultures, and in recent decades between human and machine. In today's digital world, visual information is typically encoded with various metaphors commonly used in daily life to facilitate rapid comprehension and easy analysis during the communication process. Visual information communication generally encompasses information visualization, graphical user-interfaces, visual analytics, visual languages and multi-media processing. It has been successfully employed in knowledge discovery, end-user programming, modeling, rapid systems prototyping, education, and design activities by people of many disciplines including architects, artists, children, engineers, and scientists. In addition, visual information is increasingly being used to facilitate human-human communication through the Internet and Web technology, and electronic mobile devices. This manuscript provides the cutting-edge techniques, approaches and the latest ongoing researches in the context of visual information communication. It is a collection of 24 chapters selected from more than 60 submissions to the VINCI'09 - 2009 Visual Information Communications International Conference, that is held in Sydney Australia, September 2009. These chapters were selected through a stringent review process to ensure their high standard in quality, significance and relevance. Each chapter was reviewed by at least two international Program Committee members of VINCI'09. The book covers a broad range of contents in five key sub-areas of visual information communication, including. 376 pp. Englisch. Bookseller Inventory # 9781441903112
Synopsis: Visual Information Communication is based on VINCI'09, The Visual Information Communications International Conference, September 2009 in Sydney, Australia. Topics covered include The Arts of Visual Layout, Presentation & Exploration, The Design of Visual Attributes, Symbols & Languages, Methods for Visual Analytics and Knowledge Discovery, Systems, Interfaces and Applications of Visualization, Methods for Multimedia Data Recognition & Processing. This cutting-edge book addresses the issues of knowledge discovery, end-user programming, modeling, rapid systems prototyping, education, and design activities. Visual Information Communications is an edited volume whose contributors include well-established researchers worldwide, from diverse disciplines including architects, artists, engineers, and scientists. Visual Information Communication is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers working in the field of digital design and visual communications. This volume is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.
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7.62 High Calibre
24th Aug, 2008
Apeiron Studios
Genre: Strategy, Tactical, Real Time Strategy (RTS)
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A professional mercenary seeks for a Russian "businessman", who stole a lot of money from his "colleagues", then hid in a small country of Latin America to avoid inevitable punishment there. Soon the assignment turns into an intense and dangerous adventure, for there are many things that must be kept in mind – intricate political situation, confrontation between governmental military and rebels, not to mention a necessity to choose friends and foes wisely.
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text: Last week, Mitt Romney declared that President Obama had it all wrong: "He says we need more firemen, more policemen, more teachers." Then he declared, "It's time for us to cut back on government and help the American people." Romney and Scott Walker appear to agree with each other. But is agreement a sign . . . → Read More: Northern Reflections: Smart Economists and Stupid Economists


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Download this white paper and learn how to: Future-proof your IT and software, set your team up to easily take advantage of future technology, make your team more agile and adaptable with more time for innovation, use abstraction and automation to help manage what you have now, and integrate future technologies into your IT environment.Sponsored Listing
Database Engines/Servers Software
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Educational Credit Union (Topeka, KS) and Quest Credit Union (Topeka, KS) officially announced their new name as a combined organization. The new name will be Azura Credit Union, and it was announced to the public on Wednesday, March 9.
We are constantly amazed by the accomplishments of credit unions in Kansas and Missouri! They are continously supporting their communities, like fostering a positive work environment for staff.
Electro Savings Trains Staff to Save Lives
According to a 2014 survey conducted by Harris Poll on behalf of Junior Achievement USA (2014 Teens and Personal Finance Survey), 40% of teens do not have a savings account, checking account, or debit or credit card, and 59% of teens do not have money management classes offered at their schools.
Last week was a busy week! We launched a new brand, and announced our new CEO, who will join us at the end of March.
In the coming weeks, we'll be introducing our staff so you can get to know them a little better.
To kick off staff introductions, we have created a little infographic with need-to-know information about the HCUA staff as a whole. We hope you like it!
Frontier Community Credit Union (Leavenworth, KS) has donated $2,260 to the Leavenworth Interfaith Shelter of Hope, which provides a safe place to sleep for area homeless families and individuals.
Throughout 2016, we will feature each of our CUlead participants.
Shane Cox, Training Manager
United Credit Union, Mexico, MO
To introduce our Heartland Credit Union Association Board of Directors, we will run a special feature that spotlights a director of the HCUA Board each week.
Lisa Ginter, HCUA Board Director
April is Youth Savings Month. What's the big deal? Kids don't need money management skills. Whatever financial literacy guidance our youth receive can come from school classes, or it can wait until they are adults, when they might actually need it.
The Heartland Credit Union Association (HCUA) congratulates all of the winners of the 2015 CUNA Awards. They were recognized at the annual Wegner Awards Dinner, which is hosted during the week of CUNA's Governmental Affairs Conference. This year's Kansas and Missouri winners included:
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You have searched for Ryan Sharp
LAST UPDATED : 23 Oct 2016, 17:13 IST
- US house speaker Paul Ryan tells lawmakers he won't 'defend' Donald Trump
US house speaker Paul Ryan, the nation's top elected Republican, told lawmakers on Monday he will no longer "defend" or campaign with presidential nominee Donald Trump, focusing instead on maintaining his party's majority in Congress.
- Sharp drop in water dues recovery
Nagpur: Since handing over city's water supply and management to private operator, the NMC's recovery of water bills has reduced sharply. According to statistics of NMC's water works department, the recovery came down by almost 43.08% since 2005-2006 when it was 73.84%. In a reply to a RTI query raised by Abhay Kolarkar, against Rs252.85 crore demand in 2015-2016, the NMC could recover only Rs106.28 crore — less than even half of the amount. The NMC, however, too was not satisfied with the performance of the private operator Orange City Water Private Limited and imposed fine for the poor show. From August 2012 to July 2016, it levied fines and recovered over Rs23.46 crore from its monthly remuneration. The data reveals that the private firm is also lagging in house service connections (HSCs). Against the target of 3,20,211 connections, the private firm has even not achieved its half. So far, it has completed 1.25 lakh HSCs and is yet to complete 1.95 lakh connections. Even it has also failed to fit electromagnetic flow meter. Against a target of 175, it achieved only 84 units. Despite unsatisfactory performance, the cash-strapped NMC has increased operation, maintenance and infrastructure development charges of the private water operator. Since 2012-2013 financial year, the NMC has spend Rs226,41,23,007 for the 24X7 water supply rehabilitation project. Sources said that delay in completing the 24X7 water supply project, will increase the scheme's cost. Though launched in 2012, even the private firm has not yet started supplying 24X7 water to a single zone. Surprisingly, the NMC water supply has increased. In 2005-2006, the city used to get around 526 MLD. Now, the water supply has reached to 761 MLD. Dropping cash flow Year ----- Demand ----- Recovery 2005-06 ----- 69.95 ----- ------ 69.95 2006-07 ----- 72.20 ----- ------ 72.20 2007-08 ----- 67.49 ----- ------ 46.96 2008-09 ----- 69.26 ----- ------- 47.71 2009-10 -----118.72 ----- ------ 71.39 2010-11 ----- 150.26 ----- ------ 82.06 2011-12 -----151.60 ----- ------- 72.21 2012-13 -----173.65 ----- ------- 84.29 2013-14 -----187.44 ----- ------- 92.48 2014-15 -----216.65 ----- ------- 92.68 2015-16 -----252.85 ----- ------- 106.28 (Demand and Recovery in rupees crore)
- Wrong to compare Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan-occupied Kashmir: India's sharp response to UN human rights chief
India on Tuesday shot down a request from the United Nations Human Rights High Commissioner for unconditional access to Kashmir. Its sharp rebuke came on the grounds that it is incorrect to equate democratic J&K with puppet-governed PoK.
- Two nabbed for running sharp-edged weapon unit
BHOPAL: Two persons have been nabbed for running a factory of sharp-edged weapons here on Friday. Ashoka Garden police detected the factory. Accused were identified as Naseeruddin, 37 and Mohammed Sajid, 23, both residents of Shahjehnabad area of old city. Following a tip-off, police nabbed the duo and initially recovered six sharp-edged weapons from their possession. During interrogation they revealed that they were running a shop of repairing utensils in Bhopal Talkies area and were also involved in making sharp-edged weapons for past three months. A police team later raided their shop and recovered 120 sharp-edged weapons from them. Police said they are being interrogated for their customer base in the city and to find out whether any crime has been committed using the weapons made by them.
- Like Indian sign painters, Google doodlers too try to make art from everyday things: Ryan Germick
The fruit games doodles for Rio Olympics are still fresh in most of our minds — bananas racing strawberries even as papayas beat kiwis in badminton. Ryan Germick, the 36-year-old head of Google's Doodle team in Mountview California, says the brief was to bring a smile to every user's face. In India to announce a doodling competition for children as well as attend a wedding in Kerala, Germick spoke to Shobita Dhar about why he loves Uncle Pai and Satyajit Ray.
- Ryan Lochte banned through June 2017, loses $100,000 in bonuses
Ryan Lochte is banned from swimming through next June and will forfeit $100,000 in bonus money that went with his gold medal at the Rio Olympics, part of the penalty for his drunken encounter at a gas station in Brazil during last month's Games.


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Christmas: Ten Worst Albums of All Time
Santa is a fat, hairy, white guy with kids on his lap.
That's not what Christmas is about. Still, malls across America are grimy with the manic footprints of wild hordes of shoppers clawing for the perfect deal.
This is their music. And these are the ten worst Christmas albums of all time.
See also: Top Ten Worst Christmas Songs of All Time
Upcoming Events
- Peter Cetera
- Viva La Salsa
- Diego El Cigala
- MANÁ: Latino Power TOUR 2016
Kaja If You Kan
TicketsSun., Oct. 30, 6:00pm
10. Mariah Carey - Merry Christmas II You
Keep it real, nobody is buying this album because they expect it to have great music inside. They buy it because looking at the album cover with just a little mental airbrushing she's ass naked doing reverse cowgirl and smiling while she wishes for a pearl necklace for Xmas.
9. Daniel O'Donnell - O' Holy Night
We've never heard of this douche nozzle before but apparently in England he's a big deal. Normally we wouldn't give a shit about his lousy annual holiday album or how many millions of them he's sold, but today we noticed he has a deal with Demon Music Group. That's not a joke or a lie. This one robotic looking Christmas creep has an actual deal with the devil.Next Page
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Upcoming Events
Alessia Cara: Know-It-All Tour Part II
TicketsFri., Oct. 28, 7:30pm
Sully Erna: Hometown Tour 2016
TicketsFri., Oct. 28, 8:00pm
Sia: Nostalgic For the Present Tour
TicketsSat., Oct. 29, 7:00pm
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