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Date: Tuesday, October 25, 2016
Time: 12:30pm – 1:30pm
Location: Street Level Conference Room
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History of Vaccines
Provider: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia
Description: The History of Vaccines is an award-winning informational, educational website created by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, one of the oldest medical societies in the United States. Timelines, articles and a gallery enhance the reader's knowledge and understanding of how vaccines work and the history of their development.
Keywords: ebola, history of medicine, immunization, immunology, infectious diseases, measles, poliovirus, public health, STDs, vaccines
Houston Area Red Cross
Provider: American Red Cross
Description: The Houston Red Cross provides location and contact information for its area chapters and indicates how to get help after a disaster, including an international service for finding family members. A number of downloadable, printable brochures are provided in English and Spanish, to aid citizens in preparing for various kinds of disaster situations, from hurricanes to hazardous substance releases to pandemics. The "Spotlight Links" give quick access to a number of these. The website includes safety tips for aquatic recreation, and information on classes in CPR and First Aid.
Keywords: consumer health, disaster, emergency preparedness, First Aid, Houston, military, public health, refugee, safety, social services, spanish, Texas, TX
Humane Society of America- Disaster Preparedness Brochures
Provider: Humane Society of America
Description: The Disaster Preparedness Brochures page of the Humane Society includes advice that pertains not only to pets, but also to livestock and horses.
Keywords: agriculture, animal welfare, disaster, emergency preparedness
Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)
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Description: Much information and many links to other useful resources about infectious diseases. Practice guidelines, many available for PDA download; fact sheets.
Keywords: clinical practice guidelines, infectious disease, PDA access, public health
Información de Gripe H1N1 – Ciudad de Houston
Provider: City of Houston Dept. of Health and Human Services
Description: Informacion en espanol del Ciudad de Houston que incluida una lista de signos clave de emergencia que requieren atención médica inmediata.
Keywords: consumer health, epidemic, H1N1, Houston, influenza porcina, pandemic, public health, spanish, TX
Instructions to Authors in the Health SciencesDescription: An invaluable time-saver, this index lists (and links to) the author submission guidelines of thousands of health and life science journals.
International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation
Provider: IHTSDO (International Health Terminology Standards Organisation)
Description: IHTSDO is a not-for-profit association that develops and promotes use of SNOMED CT to support safe and effective health information exchange. SNOMED CT is a clinical terminology and is considered to be the most comprehensive multilingual healthcare terminology in the world... Each year, avoidable deaths and injuries occur because of poor communication between healthcare practitioners. The delivery of a standard clinical language for use across the world's health information systems can therefore be a significant step towards improving the quality and safety of healthcare.
Keywords: electronic health record, informatics, information management, international, multilingual, ontology, quality, software, standard of care, terminology
International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF)
Provider: International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility
Description: INCF develops and maintains database and computational infrastructure for neuroscientists. Software tools and standards for the international neuroinformatics community are developed through INCF programs that address infrastructural issues of high importance to the neuroscience community. INCF collects and makes available neuroinformatics tools in the INCF Software Center, where anyone can upload documentation, executables and related files, track use of their software, create a wiki, and establish development teams. Two of the most popular INCF products are Waxholm Space and MUSIC, which are direct outcomes of the INCF Program on Digital Atlasing and Multi-Scale Modeling, respectively. INCF also arranges Scientific Workshops and holds an annual neuroinformatics conference.
Keywords: biomedical research, brain, brain mapping, informatics, neuroscience, open access, open source, research
Internet Archive
Provider: Internet Archive (nonprofit organization)
Description: The Internet Archive, a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts, holds a great many free diversions, and many of these are educational-- full-text books, university lectures, music, films, photography and software. There is also the Wayback Machine, for viewing earlier versions of websites: "Browse through 85 billion web pages archived from 1996 to a few months ago." In collaboration with the National Federation of the Blind, Internet Archive now also provides free access to more than a million books for blind, sight-impaired and dyslexic readers.
Keywords: books, collaborative, continuing education, culture, digitization, education, full text, general reference, history, images, Internet, libraries, multicultural, multidisciplinary, multilingual, open access, popular, technology, video
Internet History Sourcebooks Project
Provider: Fordham University History Department
Description: An extensive collection of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts and original sources, divided into sections on Ancient, Medieval and Modern history, with geographic and demographic sub-categories, as well as a number of special resource collections. Some resources are linked and others are provided directly by Fordham University.
Keywords: education, history, literature, multicultural, open access, philosophy, women
Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice
Provider: Duke University Medical Center Library and Health Sciences Library, UNC-Chapel Hill
Description: This classic tutorial provides a clear explanation of the reasons for using an evidence-based approach to patient care, and uses a detailed example to illustrate how to research a case using the evidence-based method. There is a self-test at the end.
Keywords: courseware, Creative Commons, evidence-based medicine, student, tutorial
Provider: TechSmith
Description: Jing is free software for capturing and annotating screen shots or creating screencasts, and the results can be integrated with documents, saved and shared. This easy-to-use application lends itself to collaboration projects and to creating tutorials or illustrating technical bugs in action. A Pro version is also available at a very low cost. Jing is available for Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, or Mac OS X.
Keywords: free, mashups, software, video, Web tools
Kaiser Family Foundation website
Provider: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Description: This interactive site provides U.S. and global health news, facts, and statistical data on significant healthcare policy issues, trends and indicators. Health disparities and costs, the Affordable Care Act, Medicare, Medicaid, private health insurance, HIV/AIDS, women's healthcare policy and other topics are presented via data, data analysis, polling, news and opinion. Kaiser Health News is also a part of this website, accessible from the "Our Work" tab under Journalism.
Keywords: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), data, data analysis, demographics, disease, government, health services, health statistics, healthcare policy, healthcare system, maps, mashups, public health, statistical
Provider: Nemours Foundation
Description: KidsHealth is the largest, most visited site on the Web providing doctor-approved health information about children from prenatal care through adolescence. Created by The Nemours Foundation's Center for Children's Health Media, KidsHealth provides accurate, up-to-date, and jargon-free health information. KidsHealth has created separate areas designed for children, teenagers and parents. Includes thousands of original in-depth features, articles, animations, games and resources developed by experts in pediatric and adolescent healthcare.
Keywords: child, consumer health, education, free, kids, wellness
Math.com: The World of Math Online
Provider: math.com
Description: This site offers handy access to calculations, conversions, definitions, a glossary, games, formulas and tables, study and practice resources- and also links to other sources of math-related help and information.
Keywords: general reference, kids, mathematics, measurement, student


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Accumulation of reactive iron in acute and chronic lung disease suggests that iron-driven free radical formation could contribute to tissue injury. Safe transport and sequestration of this metal is likely to be of importance in lung defense. We provide evidence for the expression and iron-induced upregulation of the metal transporter protein-1 (MTP1) genes in human and rodent lung cells at both the protein and mRNA levels. In human bronchial epithelial cells, a 3.8-fold increase in mRNA level and a 2.4-fold increase in protein level of MTP1 were observed after iron exposure. In freshly isolated human macrophages, as much as an 18-fold increase in the MTP1 protein level was detected after incubation with an iron compound. The elevation in expression of MTP1 gene was also demonstrated in iron-instilled rat lungs and in hypotransferrinemic mouse lungs. This is similar to our previous findings with divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), an iron transporter that is required for iron uptake and intracellular iron trafficking. These studies suggest the presence of iron mobilization and/or detoxification pathways in the lung that are crucial for iron homeostasis and lung defense.
- bronchial epithelial cells
- alveolar macrophages
- Ireg1
- ferroportin 1
oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic pulmonary disease. Generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) can be dependent on the presence of catalytic transition metals which can trigger the Fenton chain reaction. Incompletely or loosely coordinated iron can be released during tissue injury. This catalytically active metal can contribute heavily to subsequent tissue injury. In fact, accumulation of reactive iron has been demonstrated in a number of lung diseases including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (5, 16, 23). Consequently, sequestration of iron into a less-reactive form is likely to be important in lung defense. Animal studies have shown that iron chelators can prevent lung injury that is secondary to iron-driven free radical formation (19). However, effective iron-chelating drugs that do not inflict damage on healthy tissues have not been developed. A lack of knowledge about iron metabolism in the lung hampers a complete understanding of its role in both normal and diseased states, thus precluding the development of specific therapeutic interventions.
Recently there have been several major findings regarding iron absorption and export at the cellular level, including the discovery of two transmembrane iron transporters: divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1, also known as DCT1 or SLC11A2) and metal transporter protein-1 (MTP1, also known as ferroportin 1, Ireg1, or SLC11A3). These two proteins present most abundantly in enterocytes but are also synthesized in other cells including macrophages in the liver (Kupffer cells) and spleen. In the duodenal epithelium, DMT1 is present mainly in the apical membrane (15), whereas MTP1 is localized to the basolateral membrane (1, 7, 20). Several lines of evidence indicate that DMT1 and MTP1 are required for iron uptake from the intestinal lumen to the duodenal epithelium and for iron export to the circulation, respectively. The ability of these two proteins to import and export iron across the plasma membrane has been demonstrated in Xenopus oocytes and cultured mammalian cells (1, 7,15, 20, 22, 24). Interestingly, although mutations in DMT1 result in a defect in intestinal iron absorption and erythroid iron use in rodents (8, 9), a mutation in the MTP1 gene leads to hemochromatosis and iron toxicity in affected humans (21). Mice with sex-linked anemia (SLA) that were defective in hephaestin, which is a protein that is required for the function of MTP1 in the intestine, were unable to export iron from the intestinal epithelial cells despite total-body iron depletion (25). In addition, zebrafish that carried MTP1 mutations were impaired in the transport of iron from maternally derived yolk stores to the circulation (7). Conversely, overexpression of MTP1 in tissue-culture cells resulted in intracellular iron depletion (1). The exact roles of DMT1 and MTP1 in other tissues have not been established.
To understand the roles of DMT1 and MTP1 in iron homeostasis in the lung, we studied the expression and regulation of these two genes in lung cells. We found that DMT1 is expressed in airway epithelial cells in humans (26). Interestingly, the expression of DMT1 without the iron-response element (IRE) was increased after exposure to iron, whereas expression of DMT1 with IRE was not increased (26). In this paper, we report the detection of MTP1 in specific lung cells. We also demonstrate an upregulation of the MTP1 gene by iron that parallels the regulation of the DMT1 gene in lung cells and discuss the possible roles of DMT1 and MTP1 in iron detoxification in the lung.
Collection of lung tissues.
Surgical specimens of human lung tissues were obtained, quick-frozen in Tissue-Tek optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound, and stored at −80°C until cryosections were prepared. Alternatively, lung tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin using standard histological procedures.
Culture of BEAS-2B cells.
BEAS-2B is an immortalized line of normal human bronchial epithelium derived by transfection of primary cells with simian virus-40 (SV-40) early-region genes. This particular subclone undergoes squamous differentiation in response to serum (17). Cells were grown to 90–100% confluence on uncoated, plastic, 12-well plates in ketinocyte growth medium (KGM, Clonetics), which is essentially MCDB 153 medium supplemented with 5 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor, 5 mg/ml insulin, 0.5 mg/ml hydrocortisone, 0.15 mM calcium, 30 μg/ml bovine pituitary extract, 0.1 mM ethanolamine, and 0.1 mM phosphoethanolamine. Previous investigation (13) demonstrated no difference in the response to iron of BEAS-2B cells relative to normal human bronchial epithelial cells. These cells were exposed to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) in varying concentrations for 24 h.
Macrophage suspension.
Alveolar macrophages were collected from healthy volunteers during bronchoalveolar lavage (11). These cells were exposed to FAC in varying concentrations for 24 h.
Hypotransferrinemic mice.
Homozygous hypotransferrinemic mice (hpx) were obtained from matings between either hpx/hpx andhpx/+ or hpx/+ and hpx/+ animals. Homozygous hpx pups were small, anemic, and pale at birth. They were maintained by weekly intraperitoneal injections of mouse serum (up to 0.3 ml; Ref. 3). The genotypes of homozygous and wild-type animals were confirmed by measuring serum concentrations of transferrin. All animals were kept in pathogen-free facilities and were routinely monitored for pathogens and viruses. After the animals were anesthetized with halothane (Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI), they were euthanized by exsanguination. Mouse lungs were intratracheally instilled with 4% paraformaldehyde, immersed in the same fixative for 16 h, and embedded in paraffin using standard histological procedures. Alternatively, lung tissue was immediately stored in liquid nitrogen and used later for the preparation of cell lysate or RNA.
Intratracheal instillation of iron, asbestos, or residual oil fly ash.
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with halothane and intratracheally instilled with 0.5 ml of normal (0.9%) saline or saline that contained 200 μM FAC or 500 μg of crocidolite asbestos.Hpx and wild-type mice were intratracheally instilled with 50 μl of either normal saline or saline that contained 50 μg of residual oil fly ash (ROFA). Animals were killed 24 h after exposure, and lung tissues were collected for analysis of MTP1 gene expression.
RNA isolation.
Total RNA was extracted from the lung tissue homogenates using TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies) according to the protocol provided by the vendor. To isolate RNA from BEAS-2B cells cultured in 12-well plates, cells were lysed with 4 M guanidine thiocyanate (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN), 50 mM sodium citrate, 0.5% sarkosyl, and 0.01 M dithiothreitol. After cells were dislodged from wells with scrapers (Costar), lysates were sheared with four passes through a 22-gauge needle and extracted with a phenol-chlorofrom mixture. After extraction, RNA was precipitated from the aqueous phase.
RNA (100 ng total) was reverse transcribed using Moloney's murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Life Technologies). Quantitative PCR was performed using TaqMan polymerase, and fluorescence was detected on an ABI Prism 7700 sequence detector (PE Biosystems, Foster City, CA). MTP1 mRNA levels were normalized using the expression of GAPDH as a housekeeping gene. Relative quantifications of MTP1 and GAPDH mRNA were based on standard curves prepared from serially diluted mouse mast-cell cDNA. The following sense and antisense sequences were employed: for MTP1, 5′-AAC CGC CAG AGA GGA TGC T-3′ (sense), 5′-CCA AGG TAG AGA AGG AAT TTT GCA-3′ (antisense), and 5′-TGG ATC CTT GGC CGA CTA CCT GAC CT-3′ (probe); and for GAPDH, 5′-GGA GGT GAA GGT CGG AGT C-3′ (sense), 5′-GAA GAT GGT GAT GGG ATT TC-3′ (antisense), and 5′-CCA GCT TCC CGT TCT CAG CC-3′ (probe).
Western blot analysis.
Tissue homogenates or cell lysates were used in this analysis. Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS, lysed with buffer that contained 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, and protease inhibitors (Cocktail Set III, Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA), and then sheared through a 22-gauge needle. Protein content was determined using the Bradford assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Lysates that contained 70 μg of protein were mixed with an equal volume of 4× sample-loading buffer (0.5 M Tris · HCl, pH 6.8, 10% glycerol, 2% SDS, 0.7 M β-mercaptoethanol, and 0.05% bromphenol blue). Samples were separated by electrophoresis on an 8% SDS acrylamide gel and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). The membrane was blocked with 3% nonfat milk in PBS and incubated with an antibody directed against MTP1 (1). The membrane was stained with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:2,000 dilution, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) and developed using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL Kit, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).
Lung paraffin sections (5 μm thick) were cut, floated on a protein-free water bath, mounted on silane-treated slides (Fisher, Raleigh, NC), and air-dried overnight. The slides were heat-fixed at 60°C in a slide dryer (Shandon Lipshaw, Pittsburgh, PA) for 10 min and cooled to room temperature. Sections were then deparaffinized and hydrated to 95% alcohol. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 0.6% H2O2 in absolute methanol for 8 min. Slides were rinsed in 95% alcohol for 2 min, placed in deionized H2O, and washed in PBS. After treatment with Cyto Q Background Buster (Innovex Biosciences) for 10 min, slides were incubated with rabbit anti-MTP1 antibodies (1) diluted in 1% bovine serum albumin for 45 min at 37°C in PBS. Slides were incubated with biotinylated linking antibody for 10 min at room temperature and washed with PBS before a peroxidase enzyme label was applied (Stat-Q Staining System, Innovex Biosciences). After tissue sections were incubated for 10 min at room temperature and washed with PBS, the sections were developed with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride for 3 min at room temperature. Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin.
In situ hybridization.
Lung cryosections or paraffin sections of 5-μm thickness were prepared. For cultured cells, cytospin specimens were prepared after the cells were removed from the culture plates. Processing and hybridization of lung sections were performed as previously described by Zeller and Rogers (33). 35S-labeled single-strand RNA probes were synthesized using the Riboprobe System (Promega) according to the procedure supplied by the vendor. The two plasmid DNA templates used for synthesizing riboprobes contained a 2.7-kb human MTP1 cDNA insert and a 2.1-kb mouse MTP1 cDNA insert (1), respectively. After hybridization, sections were treated with 20 μg/ml ribonuclease A at 37°C for 30 min and washed at high stringency (50% formamide, 2× saline-sodium citrate, and 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol at 55°C). For autoradiography, slides were coated with film emulsion (Kodak NTB-2) and exposed at 4–8°C for 3–5 days. Slides were then developed with Kodak D19 developer and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Cell type-specific expression of MTP1 gene in human lung.
To determine whether the MTP1 gene is expressed in the lung, we conducted in situ hybridization experiments using lung surgical specimens from patients with a variety of lung diseases including adenocarcinoma, emphysema, and fibrosis. MTP1 mRNA was predominantly detected in alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells in these specimens (Fig. 1). However, the levels of expression varied greatly not only among lung specimens from different individuals but also among different areas within the same lung section. This result indicates that factors that are present in different microenvironments within the lungs may affect the expression of the MTP1 gene. The distribution of MTP1 protein in lung cells was demonstrated by the procedure of immunohistochemistry. Again, MTP1 protein was present mainly in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (Fig. 2). A lower level of MTP1 was detected in endothelial cells. In some lung specimens where MTP1 gene expression was elevated, immunostain could also be seen in other lung cells including types 1 and 2 pneumocytes. A semiquantitative comparison of MTP1 gene expression in different types of lung cells is summarized in Table 1.
Dosage-dependent increase of MTP1 mRNA and protein by iron in human bronchial epithelial cells.
Because reactive iron has been detected in many diseased lung tissues, we studied the effect of iron on the expression of MTP1 in lung cells. This study was conducted first using BEAS-2B cells. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of FAC for 24 h. The levels of MTP1 mRNA were compared by the procedure of realtime RT-PCR using the level of GAPDH mRNA as an internal control. The ratios of MTP1-to-GAPDH mRNA in cells treated with 0, 125, 250, and 500 μM of FAC were 0.39, 0.56, 0.80, and 1.50, respectively. The data represent the average value of four repeats and clearly demonstrate a dosage-dependent increase of MTP1 mRNA after iron treatment. As much as a 3.8-fold increase in MTP1 mRNA level was observed in cells exposed to 500 μM of iron compared with cells incubated without iron.
The amounts of MTP1 protein in cell extracts derived from iron-treated and untreated BEAS-2B cells were analyzed by Western blot. As shown in the immunoblot (Fig. 3), a protein band with molecular mass ∼90–110 kDa reacted strongly with the anti-MTP1 antibody. In agreement with what was observed for MTP1 mRNA, there was a FAC dosage-dependent increase of this 90–110-kDa protein. A 2.7-fold increase in the intensity of this band was detected in cells exposed to 500 μM of FAC compared with cells incubated in the absence of iron (Fig. 3). MTP1 has a calculated molecular mass of 62 kDa, and a 60–65-kDa MTP1 band has been observed in intestines (20). However, a band with a higher molecular mass (∼110 kDa) has also been consistently detected in liver and spleen lysate in mice (Yang and colleagues, unpublished results). The reactivity of this band to anti-MTP1 antiserum was specifically inhibited in the presence of MTP1 peptide that was used to produce and purify the anti-MTP1 antiserum. Other investigators also reported the detection of MTP1 bands with molecular masses 80 and 110 kDa higher than 62 kDa in rat-brain homogenates (4). These bands may reflect posttranslational modification of the protein. The nature of the difference between the MTP1 reactive bands derived from intestine and other tissues or cells is not clear at the present time. A comparison of the levels of MTP1 gene expression in BEAS-2B cells exposed to different concentrations of iron is summarized in Table2.
Iron increases MTP1 gene expression in human alveolar macrophages.
We investigated the regulation of MTP1 gene expression by iron in freshly isolated human alveolar macrophages. A significant increase in the level of MTP1 mRNA after iron treatment was demonstrated by in situ hybridization (Fig. 4) in which signals for MTP1 mRNA (silver grain) were much higher in the iron-treated than in the untreated cells. When the amounts of MTP1 protein in cell extracts were analyzed via Western blot, a FAC dosage-dependent increase in the amount of MTP1-reactive protein bands was observed. Analysis of the band of ∼90–110 kDa (Fig.5, arrow) revealed 11-, 17-, and 18-fold increases in cells exposed to 125, 250, and 500 μM FAC, respectively, compared with cells incubated in the absence of FAC. The response of the MTP1 gene to iron in alveolar macrophages appeared to be much stronger than what we found in bronchial epithelial cells. Two other bands with smaller molecular masses could also be seen in the immunoblot. The nature of these bands is not clear but could represent the proteolytic products of the high-molecular-mass band.
Exposure of rat lung to iron or asbestos increases level of MTP1 protein.
The iron-responsive upregulation of MTP1 gene expression in lung cells was investigated in vivo. Adult rats were intratracheally instilled with 0.5 ml of 200 μM FAC 24 h before the collection of lung tissues, whereas control animals received 0.5 ml of saline. In control animals, a low level of immunostaining for MTP1 was seen in epithelial cells in the upper large airways; however, no immunostain could be detected in the most distal airways and alveolar macrophages (Fig.6 A). In contrast, a high level of MTP1 proteins was detected in most airway epithelia and alveolar macrophages in animals treated with FAC (Fig. 6, B andC).
We also studied the effects of asbestos, which is associated with elevations in tissue iron, on the expression of the MTP1 gene. Adult rats were exposed to asbestos by intratracheal instillation of 500 μg of crocidolite asbestos. The amounts of MTP1 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemistry 24 h after treatment. As shown in Fig.6 D, immunostain for MTP1 can be found in the area where asbestos fiber is present but is negligible in the region where the fiber is absent (data not shown).
MTP1 level is increased in lung in a mouse model of iron overload.
In previous studies, we investigated the effects of altered iron homeostasis on the defense mechanism of the lung using thehpx mouse model. Hpx mice are defective in transferrin gene and are anemic but develop tissue-iron overload (3). Interestingly, these mice are resistant to both metal-rich-particle-induced and hyperoxia-induced lung injuries (12, 30). The hpx mice have elevated expressions of iron-storage and iron-transport proteins including ferritin and lactoferrin despite the lack of transferrin. To determine whether MTP1 gene expression is altered in the lung of this animal model of iron overload, we conducted immunohistochemical studies on lung sections derived from homozygous hpx, heterozygoushpx, and wild-type mice. Although only a low level of MTP1 protein was detected in the untreated wild-type mouse lungs (Fig.7 A), a high level of MTP1 was detected in the lungs of the homozygous mice (Fig. 7 B). In the hpx mouse lungs, a heavy immunostain for MTP1 could be seen not only in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, but also in many other lung cells. In heterozygous mouse lungs, immunostain for MTP1 was higher than that in the wild-type mice but much lower than that in homozygous mice (data not shown). In this study, we also included tissue sections derived from wild-type mouse lungs that were exposed to a ROFA, which is an industrial, metal-rich particle that contains a high amount of iron. The MTP1 gene expression was strongly augmented in the lung after the animals were tracheally instilled with 50 μg of ROFA (Fig. 7 C) and resembled what was observed in homozygous hpx mouse lungs.
In this study, we have shown that MTP1, as similarly observed for DMT1 (26), is expressed at a high level in lung cells under certain physiological or pathological conditions. Our findings support the importance of iron homeostasis in lung defense. The expression of the MTP1 gene varied greatly not only among different human-lung specimens but also among different regions within a given lung specimen, which suggests that microenvironments could affect the expression of the MTP1 gene. Several factors including iron (1,20, 34), zinc (29), hypoxia (20), lipopolysaccharide (Yang and colleagues, unpublished results), and inflammatory cytokines (Liu and coworkers, unpublished results) could affect the MTP1 gene expression. Our study demonstrated that iron is a key modulator in the regulation of the MTP1 gene in the lung. In duodenal epithelial cells, both DMT1 and MTP1 genes are inversely regulated by body iron stores and dietary iron (1, 6, 14, 20,32). In contrast, MTP1 gene expression in the Kupffer cells of the liver is upregulated in iron-replete mice and downregulated in iron-deprived mice (1). We have shown that iron augments the expression of the MTP1 gene in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in vivo and in cultured cells. This is similar to our previous findings on the regulation of the DMT1 gene by iron (26). The molecular mechanism(s) for the differential regulation of DMT1 and MTP1 by iron in different tissues is not known but may be related to tissue-specific roles of these two proteins in iron homeostasis. DMT1 and MTP1, which play key roles in iron absorption in the intestine, may be responsible for iron recycling and detoxification in the lung. Similarly, MTP1 expression in liver and spleen was related to scavenging iron from senescent erythrocytes (1). We hypothesize that upregulation of the DMT1 and MTP1 genes in response to the elevated iron level is crucial for lung health.
We have found that iron upregulates MTP1 gene expression in alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells at both mRNA and protein levels. This suggests a transcriptional regulation of the MTP1 gene in the lung cells but does not rule out additional posttranscriptional or translational regulation of the gene. Despite the presence of the 5′-IRE sequence in the MTP1 mRNA and its affinity for iron-regulatory protein (IRP), an IRE/IRP-independent iron-regulatory pathway for the MTP1 gene appears to be preset in duodenal entreocytes (1,20) and placental cells (10). Similarly, DMT1 is regulated by iron through an IRE-independent pathway in lung cells. Iron increased the expression of the non-IRE DMT1 isoform but had no effect on the expression of the IRE DMT1 isoform (26). The complicity of iron-regulatory pathways involved in the DMT1 and MTP1 genes again implicates the vital roles of these two proteins in iron homeostasis.
In iron-absorbing duodenal epithelial cells, DMT1 is the apical membrane iron transporter, whereas MTP1 is localized to the basolateral membrane. Our preliminary study, which used the techniques of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent labeling, and confocal microscopy, revealed that DMT1 is located in the apical region and MTP1 is in the plasma membrane of airway epithelial cells (Yang and colleagues, unpublished results). Interestingly, iron taken up by human bronchial epithelial cells cultured on a porous membrane was efficiently released across the apical but not the basolateral surface in a protein-bound form (Ghio and colleagues, unpublished results). It is likely that DMT1- and MTP1-mediated iron uptake and export form a novel iron-detoxification process in the airway epithelium. To protect the lung tissues, airway epithelial cells may take up reactive iron derived from pollutants or released from injured tissues and secrete it into the airway lumen in less-reactive forms. The secreted iron-protein complexes may eventually be expelled in sputum as was observed in normal volunteers and patients with chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis (2).
Although bronchial epithelial cells serve as filters to protect the conducting airways, alveolar macrophages are the scavengers that guard the lower respiratory tracts. These cells are capable of taking up large amounts of iron, although in so doing the cells become vulnerable to oxidative damage (28). Recent identification of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 on macrophages (18) and the finding that alveolar macrophages synthesize a high amount of haptoglobin (31) indicate that alveolar macrophages also play a major role in scavenging hemoglobin in the lung via a haptoglobin-dependent pathway. Although it was shown that alveolar macrophages could release ferritin-bound iron especially during iron overload (27), the fate of the iron taken up by alveolar macrophages is not well understood. Expression and upregulation by iron of the DMT1 and MTP1 genes in alveolar macrophages may facilitate the mobilization and perhaps safe sequestration of iron in the lower respiratory tracks.
In summary, we have provided evidence for the expression and iron-stimulated upregulation of the recently identified iron-exporting MTP1 gene in human and rodent lung cells. Results from this study and our previous work on the DMT1 gene (26) suggest that an iron-detoxification pathway exists in the respiratory tract to protect against iron toxicity that results from environmental insults. Although the molecular mechanism involved in these pathways remains to be elucidated, it is also important to determine whether and how these pathways are altered in lung disorders.
The authors thank Emily A. Van Beveren for assistance during the preparation of the manuscript.
This work is supported by a Veterans Administration merit grant award (to D. J. Haile), National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DK-53079 (to D. J. Haile), and a Morrison Trust research grant (to F. Yang).
This report has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. J. Ghio, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 (E-mail:ghio.andy{at}epa.gov).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
June 17, 2002;10.1152/ajplung.00114.2002
- Copyright © 2002 the American Physiological Society

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Native Plants
Q. Who is Mr. Smarty Plants?
A: There are those who suspect Wildflower Center volunteers are the culpable and capable culprits. Yet, others think staff members play some, albeit small, role. You can torture us with your plant questions, but we will never reveal the Green Guru's secret identity.
Did you know you can access the Native Plant Information Network with your web-enabled smartphone?
Ask Mr. Smarty Plants is a free service provided by the staff and volunteers at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
rate this answer
Friday - December 04, 2009
From: Bridgeport, TX
Region: Southwest
Topic: Vines
Title: Vine to cover fence line in Bridgeport, Texas
Answered by: Nan Hampton
QUESTION:We are looking for a year round vine that will cover our fence line. Flowering and non-flowering.
There is really only one evergreen vine (I'm assuming that what you mean by year-round vine) that is native to your area. There are two semi-evergreen (meaning that they retain their leaves in mild climates or mild winters in a more severe climate) vines. I also list some perennial deciduous vines for your consideration.
Gelsemium sempervirens (evening trumpetflower)
Bignonia capreolata (crossvine)
Lonicera sempervirens (trumpet honeysuckle)
Berchemia scandens (Alabama supplejack)
Cissus trifoliata (sorrelvine)
Clematis drummondii (Drummond's clematis)
Ibervillea lindheimeri (Lindheimer's globeberry)
Ipomoea cordatotriloba (tievine)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper)
Vitis mustangensis (mustang grape)
Vitis vulpina (frost grape) and here are photos
Here are photos from our Image Gallery of the plants listed above:
More Vines Questions
Identify red-flowering vine in E. Texas
April 03, 2009 - Beside a well on an old homestead in Deep East Texas, there is a delicate vine. The leaves are heart shaped with points all the way around. The flower is a bright red trumpet shaped. I saw an angel ...
view the full question and answer
Identification of vine with 4-petaled purple flower
May 30, 2012 - Does anybody know what vine has a purple four petaled flower with small bulb in middle??
view the full question and answer
Vine for lanai in St. Augustine FL
August 16, 2009 - What vine can I grow to attach to a screened in lanai around my pool? Will it damage my screen?
view the full question and answer
Will Bittersweet climb on a streetlight pole?
February 05, 2015 - Will Bittersweet climb on a streetlight pole, or does it need to be with a tree?
view the full question and answer
Plants for 100 gal. pot by pool from Ft. Worth TX
June 23, 2012 - What North Texas evergreen � or combination of evergreen plants, bushes or trees � could thrive in a huge, 100-gallon clay pot (immovable!) that is situated in full sun year round in an exposed area n...
view the full question and answer
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"We're close and the guys are working hard," Packers coach Mike Sherman said. "The guys battled tooth and nail the entire ballgame, but we came up short. We're tired of coming up short. We've got to do something so it doesn't happen again. Injuries are not a reason why we didn't win today. We turned the ball over too many times on offense and we couldn't get off the field on third down. It's as simple as that. Injuries had nothing to do with it today." The Packers hung with the Bengals, who improved to 6-2 in the AFC North Division, for most of the game. But Favre, who hadn't thrown an interception since Oct. 3 at Carolina, was intercepted on four straight possessions between the third and fourth quarters.
Favre's five interceptions are the most in his career and most by a Green Bay quarterback since Don Majkowski was picked off five times Oct. 14, 1990 in a loss to Tampa Bay.
Despite the interceptions, the Bengals only scored seven points off the take-aways mainly because of a solid defensive performance by the Packers. The Packers held Bengals star receiver Chad Johnson out of the end zone. Bengals quarterback Carson Palmer passed for 222 yards and three touchdowns, but only one touchdown in the second half - a 27-yard pass to fullback Jeremi Johnson early in the fourth quarter. The winning touchdown came one play after Favre's fifth interception of the game.
The Packers got the ball back with about a minute left at their own 10. Thanks to a questionable 48-yard pass interference penalty on Bengals safety Ifeanyi Ohalete against wide receiver Andrae Thurman, Green Bay moved to Cincinnati's 47 with 48 seconds remaining. Favre followed with a 19-yard pass to wide receiver Antonio Chatman to the Bengals 28. After a fan ran onto the field, grabbing the ball from Favre and stopping the clock, Favre was sacked on the next play by defensive end Duane Clemons for a loss of two yards to the 30. With less than 10 seconds on the clock, Favre faked a spike before taking off on the left side and hurling a pass to tight end Bubba Franks as time expired. Favre was penalized for an illegal forward pass, sealing the Bengals' win.
"We were running out of time and he was being Brett," said Sherman. "We have done that before, but we were going to 'clock' the play right there. As he looked at the clock, I think he didn't think there was a whole lot of time left and he improvised on that one."
The Packers pulled to within 21-14 on Favre's one-yard touchdown to Franks with 3:11 left in the game. The Packers marched 88 yards on 13 plays, but used 5:17 and did not utilize a hurry-up, or no-huddle offense at any point in the drive.
With they didn't turn the ball over, the Packers showed that they could move the ball against the Bengals. The Packers finished with 364 yards of offense. Favre finished with 290 yards passing, completing 27 of 40 passes and two touchdowns. Tony Fisher, who started in place of Green, finished with 51 yards rushing on 17 attempts. The Packers had 76 total rushing yards.
Chatman, starting in place of Ferguson, led the Packers with eight catches for 97 yards. Donald Driver had five catches for 76 yards, and Franks eight catches for 73 yards.
Cincinnati scored on drives of 60 and 73 yards in the first half to take a 14-7 halftime lead. Four of Green Bay's five first-half penalties helped keep both Bengals drives alive. It also helped that the Bengals converted 7 of 8 attempts on third down and led the Packers in time of possession 18:40 to 11:20.
The Packers were getting in position to possibly tie the game late in the second quarter when Favre was intercepted for the first time in the contest. Bengals right defensive end Robert Geathers tipped Favre's screen pass, and the ball bounced into the hands of linebacker Odell Thurman at the Bengals' 43. Cincinnati moved to Green Bay's 30, but wide receiver T.J. Houshmandzadeh was unable to get out of bounds near Green Bay's 10 yard line after catching a pass from Palmer and time expired.
Palmer, the league's second-rated passer, threw his second touchdown pass of the first half when he hit Houshmandzadeh over the middle with a seven-yard pass as the Bengals took a 14-7 lead. The Packers' defense was penalized three times in the drive. Joey Thomas' holding penalty on third down negated Palmer's incomplete pass and gave the Bengals new life at Green Bay's 48.
The Bengals converted all three of their third downs on the first drive of the game, moving 60 yards on 11 plays, and took a 7-0 lead on Palmer's four-yard pass to running back Chris Perry. Palmer's 12-yard pass to tight end Matt Schobel to the Packers' 10 put the Bengals in position to score.
Fisher's 1-yard plunge with 9:35 left in the second quarter helped the Packers tie the game at 7-7. Favre was as picture-perfect as the day at Paul Brown Stadium, completing 5 of 6 passes in the drive for 50 yards, including a 21-yard pass over the middle to Franks to the Bengals 7.


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There are millions of Internet-Servers daily hacked from the same hand full of Hackers.
Every Webmaster has the same problems with Hackers, Intruders, Attackers and Spammers, but nobody is fighting against these Terrorists.
Should that then go on forever?
No, we are fighting against Hackers, Intruders, Attackers, Spammers, Cyber Terrorists and 22.214.171.124!
Mon, 24 Oct 2016 20:53:51 GMT - Actual more as 21.000.000 Hackers in our Database. (The newest 100 are displayed on the Globe and Map)
Details for IP 188.8.131.52
WebServer Output: http://126.96.36.199
IP Geo Information: 220.127.116.11
☎ Whois 220.127.116.11
HTML Markup Validation 220.127.116.11
The Web Site Header: 184.108.40.206
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Bad Neighbor IPs of 126.96.36.199
132 bad neighbor IPs are known!


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|28 Dec 2010
BSOD When opening Games/Movies?
My friend has a problem.
He has recently upgraded his computer.
Whenever he opens a video/game, 5-10 minutes into it he gets a BSOD.
I can get any information that you need because I'm talking to him now via Skype.
He is running Windows 7 x64
Thanks in advance,
|My System Specs
|28 Dec 2010
Win 8 Release candidate 8400
My friend has a problem.
He has recently upgraded his computer.
Whenever he opens a video/game, 5-10 minutes into it he gets a BSOD.
I can get any information that you need because I'm talking to him now via Skype.
He is running Windows 7 x64
Thanks in advance,
Give me a sec, I'll read the BSOD posting instructions
Just in case James
If you wish to have others assist you with your computer's BSOD symptoms, upload the contents of your "\Windows\Minidump" folder. The procedure:
* Copy the contents of \Windows\Minidump to another (temporary) location somewhere on your machine.
* Zip up the copy.
* Attach the ZIP archive to your post using the "paperclip" (file attachments) button.
* Briefly describe the problem history and circumstances in the same post. Somebody will attend to your query as soon as possible.
|My System Specs
|28 Dec 2010
I think I've attatched a .zip file containing:
"report file.html" & "Windows_NT6_BSOD_jcgriff2" folder
He has only has the problem since he's upgraded to Win7 x64
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
|Search this Thread
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This has been happening for a very long time now. Everytime I am playing a game and watching a movie at the same time, my computer gets the BSOD. It will either just freeze both my monitors and then lead to BSOD, or it will start giving off weird colored lines and different colored pixels across...
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Hello, I builded my computer 2 months ago and now I am starting to having problems, When I am watching movies or playing games for a few hours I suddenly get BSOD Crash and I need to restart my computer :/ this is getting anoying and if someone could help me fix this I would be very happy. I have...
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29 Aug 2016
18 Aug 2016
29 Jul 2016
Service Unavailable.
Have you noticed the new Help Center menu on our website? ASAP's put our customer support online, providing you with 24/7 access to our knowledge base. Filled with FAQs, resource articles, support information, and more – you're go-to place for quick answers. Use the search bar tool to quickly find relevant information based on what you are in need of. Can't find what you're looking…
Read More
New overtime rules are slated to go into effect DECEMBER 1, 2016. With this final ruling ANYONE who makes less than $913 per week ($47,476 per year) will be eligible for overtime (meaning you will be required to pay them overtime). In other words this will impact your workers currently classified as exempt (or rather in plain english – your SALARY workers).
While ignorance is bliss, it won't help you get out of an employment tax or labor law penalty. We know business owners are juggling a lot of balls and under a great variety of pressures. We compiled this top 10 list to help small business owners understand the most frequent payroll compliance issues they will inadvertently stumble upon. All payments you issue to your employees should go…


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An Export Control List Item Number (the "ECL Item Number") is the Canadian identification or classification number that must be provided on export permit applications made under the Export and Import Permits Act and, if the good is subject to economic sanctions, requests for ministerial authorizations. All goods that are subject to Canada's export controls… Continue Reading
Category Archives: Customs LawSubscribe to Customs Law RSS Feed
Importing Goods From China: Three Things You Must Do To Minimize Border CostsPosted in Antidumping, Customs Law, GST/HST, Imports Restrictions, Intellectual Property, origin, tariff classification, Trade Remedies, valuation
Canadian businesses, small, medium and large import goods from China. It is a reality in a globalized supply chain. Many Canadian businesses buy Chinese-origin goods from suppliers in a third country (e.g., the United States). Most businesses understand that they must pay all applicable customs duties at the time of importation. Many companies understand that… Continue Reading
SME Importing and Exporting Toolkits Posted on the CBSA WebsitePosted in AMPs, Border Security, Canada's Federal Government, Customs Law, Export Controls & Economic Sanctions, Exports, GST/HST, Imports Restrictions, NAFTA, NEXUS, origin, tariff classification, valuation
On August 22, 2016, the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") posted on its website toolkits for small to medium sized enterprises. The toolkits cover (1) importing, (2) exporting, (3) other CBSA resources, (4) other governmental resources and (5) contact information. However, the CBSA did not include the posting of the toolkits in its "Latest News"… Continue Reading
Making NAFTA Relevant Again! Why Did The Chicken Not Cross The Border?Posted in Cross-border trade, Imports Restrictions, NAFTA, tariff classification, Uncategorized
Canada's Minister of Agriculture, Mr. MacAulay, has said that five Canadian companies have lost their certification to import chicken, stemming from another trade problem related to U.S. imports. The revocations of import privileges relate to mislabeling of good chicken as spent fowl. An investigation was started after a surge in imports of high-quality made-for-meat "broiler"… Continue Reading
Making NAFTA Relevant Again! A Look At Certificates of Origin.Posted in Cross-border trade, Customs Law, NAFTA, origin, tariff classification, valuation
Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton talked about the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA") during the U.S. Presidential Debate on September 26th. Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton spoke about NAFTA during the primaries and on the campaign trail. NAFTA is relevant again! This is good for customs lawyers and trade lawyers. With all this talk… Continue Reading
What Is An H.S. Tariff Classification Number?Posted in Cross-border trade, Customs Law, Imports Restrictions, tariff classification
An H.S. Tariff Classification Number is a 10 digit number that must be provided on import documentation in order to communicate what is the good that is being imported. Theoretically, every type of good is covered by the H.S. Tariff Classification Numbers and each good can be matched with a number. The Canada Border Services Agency… Continue Reading
How Canadian! The Supreme Court of Canada's First Tariff Classification Decision Is For Hockey GlovesPosted in Customs Law, Legal Developments, tariff classification
On September 29, 2016, hours before Canada won the World Cup of Hockey, the Supreme Court of Canada issued its first tariff classification decision since Canada signed the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System in 1998. At the heart of the decision was the proper tariff classification for goalie gloves, known… Continue Reading
How To File A Complaint Against The Canada Border Services AgencyPosted in Canada's Federal Government, Customs Law, Export Controls & Economic Sanctions, Exports, Immigration law, Imports Restrictions, NEXUS
In writing this blog post, we are not advocating filing baseless, frivolous, vexatious and retaliatory complaints against Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") officers. However, we have learned from the experience of our clients that some legitimate complaints arise from time-to-time. It is in the spirit of transparency and openness that we have decided to write… Continue Reading
What Is A "Customs Controlled Area"?Posted in Border Security, Canada's Federal Government, Corporate Counsel, Cross-border trade, Currency Reporting, Customs Law, Exports, Immigration law, Imports Restrictions, NEXUS, origin, Personal Comments, Proceeds of Crime/Money Laundering, tariff classification, valuation
On April 27, 2016, the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") released Guide BS5156 "What you need to know about Customs Controlled Areas". In this one page document, the CBSA informs the public that a "customs controlled area" is: "A designated area where there is a likelihood that domestic employees or domestic origin travellers leaving Canada will come… Continue Reading
Canada Border Services Agency Revised Code of Conduct Is Published OnlinePosted in Border Security, Canada's Federal Government, Cross-border trade, Currency Reporting, Customs Law, Export Controls & Economic Sanctions, Exports, Immigration law, Imports Restrictions, NEXUS, Personal Comments, Politics, Proceeds of Crime/Money Laundering
On August 16, 2016, the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") posted its revised Code of Conduct, to which all CBSA officers must adhere. The three "values" pillars of the CBSA Code of Conduct are (1) Respect, (2) Integrity and (3) Professionalism. Respect The CBSA makes the following statements in the Code of Conduct regarding "Respect": Respect… Continue Reading
What Should Canadian Businesses Know About Canadian Goods Returned For Warranty Repairs?Posted in Cross-border trade, Customs Law, origin, tariff classification, valuation
One area of confusion for many small and medium Canadian businesses is the customs treatment of goods manufactured in Canada that are sold outside Canada (and exported), but have to be returned temporarily for warranty repairs. The goods manufactured in Canada may be entirely Canadian input content or may be made partly with foreign inputs. … Continue Reading
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On September 9, 2016, the Globe and Mail published an article entitled "Seizures of undeclared cash spike at Vancouver International Airport", which reports that the CBSA "confiscated more than $13-million in hidden currency from 792 Chinese people passing through Vancouver International Airport". The CBSA seizes undeclared currency and monetary instruments at all of Canada's airports… Continue Reading
Checklist for Exporting Commercial Goods From CanadaPosted in Customs Law, Export Controls & Economic Sanctions, Exports
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The Labour Day long week-end is upon us. Canadians travel outside Canada to visit friends and family and to shop. The Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") is on the lookout for contraventions of the Customs Act and other border laws. Here is our survival guide to make sure the CBSA is happy with your declaration… Continue Reading
Free Trade Does Not Mean A Free PassPosted in Customs Law, origin
Canada has entered into free trade agreements (and has active free trade agreements) with a number of countries, including the United States, Mexico, Israel, Chile, Jordan, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Lichtenstein, Peru, Colombia, Panama, Honduras, Costa Rica and South Korea. Under these free trade agreements, the duties on certain goods have reduced to 0%. Importers claim… Continue Reading
What Some People Have In Their Cars When They Cross The Canada-US Border?????Posted in Border Security, Customs Law
On August 26, 2016, the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") issued a News Release entitled "Rocket launcher and grenades seized in Southern Ontario Region". Apparently, in July, two men from Louisiana attempted to cross at the Peace Bridge with an undeclared disposable rocket launcher tube and two undeclared grenades. Eventually, the devices were deemed to be… Continue Reading
ACE Allows For Stricter Customs EnforcementPosted in Aerospace & Defence, Agriculture, Antidumping, Border Security, Controlled Goods Program, Corporate Counsel, Criminal Law, Cross-border deals, Cross-border trade, Customs Law, Export Controls & Economic Sanctions, Exports, Legal Developments, Trade Agreeements, Trade Remedies
Originally Published by the Journal of Commerce in August 2016 In the face of its recent reorganization and enhanced computer system, it was really only a matter of time before the trade community started to see Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") better organize its enforcement efforts, and now the first tangible step has been publicly… Continue Reading
Canadian Athletes Do Not Have To Pay Customs Duties And Border GST On Their MedalsPosted in Customs Law, GST/HST
Canadian Olympians returning home from the Rio Olympics (or any athletic competition for that matter) do not have to pay customs duties and goods and services tax ("GST") on their medals. No customs duties are payable under Harmonized System (H.S.) Code 98.17, which covers "medals, trophies and other articles (not including usual merchantable products nor… Continue Reading
Undervaluation of Goods Can Lead to Criminal Charges And Conviction In CanadaPosted in AMPs, Criminal Law, Cross-border deals, Cross-border trade, Customs Law, Legal Developments, origin, tariff classification, valuation
On August 5, 2016, the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") posted on the CBSA web-site a News Release entitled "Dartmouth store owner charged for falsifying documents and undervaluing shipments". This News Release should cause Canadian business owners who import goods and/or general counsel of companies that import goods to ask important questions: "Is my import… Continue Reading
Canada's Tariff Treatments (as at August 1, 2016)Posted in Cross-border trade, Customs Law
Canada does not have a single customs duty or tariff rate for all imports. Over the years, Canada has entered into a number of preferential trading arrangements (e.g., NAFTA) and international agreements (e.g., WTO) that set preferential tariff rates. The following table sets out Canada's tariff rate categories under the Customs Tariff (Canada) and the… Continue Reading
Can The CBSA Ask For Your Passwords?Posted in Cross-border trade, Customs Law, Legal Developments, NEXUS
The answer is, "Yes", the Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") can ask for your passwords. Not only can the CBSA ask for your passwords, the CBSA does ask for passwords. Not only does the CBSA ask for passwords, the CBSA will unlock your cell phones, mobile phones, smart phones, computers, etc and look at/review your… Continue Reading
Death and Customs Duties: The CBSA Issues D-Memo of Bequested GoodsPosted in Customs Law, tariff classification
On November 18, 2015, the Canada Border Services Agency issued D-Memorandum D-2-1-5 "Bequests – Tariff Item No. 9806.00.00". In this D-Memorandum, the CBSA sets out the rules applicable when using Customs Tariff Code 9806.00.00 to import goods that have been bequested or are a gift in anticipation of death on a duty-free basis. Generally speaking,… Continue Reading
What is a No-Names Customs Voluntary Disclosure?Posted in Cross-border trade, Customs Law, origin, tariff classification, valuation
The Canada Border Services Agency ("CBSA") permits importers to make a "no-names" disclosure in order to request advice from the CBSA as to the possibility of a successful voluntary disclosure (like a prior disclosure in the USA). In the case of a no-names voluntary disclosure, the CBSA does not require the importer's representative to give… Continue Reading


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The Attic Selina Console Table White
Sold By Partner
Material: Solid Wood (Mango)
Color: White
Style: Contemporary
- Click here for more details
Short Description
* Color: White
* Style: Contemporary
* Top Material: Solid Wood
* Features: Drawers
* Console Table Height: 34 inches (85 cm), Length: 50 inches (125 cm), Width: 12 inches (30 cm)
* Delivery Condition: Assembled
* Quantity: 1 Piece (Console Table)
This console table from Indie gives you multipurpose benefits in the form of its solid top. It can be used for work while there is an array of drawers incorporated into it for greater storage space. You can even make use of the open shelf area at the bottom if you aren't planning on studying or working at this table.
Supreme Quality
This console table is crafted from solid mango wood. It features beautifully designed drawer knobs in contrasting colors that form a pretty picture against the white backdrop. The contemporary design style has been showcased nicely on this beauty.
Finish the Look
You can think of adding this console table to a light colored bookcase or sideboard to complete the look.
Brand information
Care Instructions
QA / Warranty


text:
While checking in 2 police vehicles were leaving the parking lot (that contained at least 20 people). The staff was great. The room we got was in the building where all of the construction workers, etc. were and for a one night stay they put us on the top floor. Walked in the room and it was clean and everything would have been fine except for the toilet that would not stop running. Oh, there was also a cup of milk in the refrigerator...We checked in around 11:30 pm and wanted to unwind and sleep...but there was some idiot in a loud truck outside of the room for over a half hour with the sound of the truck bouncing off of the walls and my ears. Definitely very dissatisfied here.
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The passing snow flurries this afternoon gave way to the start of a new sports season.
Yes pitchers and catchers have reported to florida and Arizona, while the Binghamton University baseball team gets set for a trip to sunny Kansas.
We talk with the Bearcats about the ups and downs of last year, and looking forward to a fresh start in this week's action sports spotlight.
Top Stories in Spotlight
B-Sens Sit-Down - October 20
McKenna Williams - 12 Sports Athlete of the Week
Maine-Endwell Spartans - 12 Sports Game of the Week
Vestal Golden Bears - 12 Sports Team of the Week
Vestal's OT Thriller
Saturday Night Sports Overtime - October 8th
Friday Night Sports Overtime - October 7th
Greg Davis - Action Sports Athlete of the Week
Plays of the Week - October 3rd
Sports Spotlight - BU Baseball
The passing snow flurries this afternoon gave way to the start of a new sports season.
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Today's Devotional
Happy at YouDo you know deep down that God loves you dearly?
Let's Make ItFacebook official!
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I am a masterpiece of the most skillful artist of all time... You may have heard of him, he is my creator, friend, father, savior and much more... I am a daughter, a Queen of the MOST HIGH... Jesus Christ is His name!!!! Have you met HIM? If not you should...


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Holidays are about sharing love with your family and friends, which is exactly what our new Happy Stamp Holiday Photo Cards are meant to do. With large, full-side photo spots featured on the front and back of each family holiday card, you and your family don't have to choose just one memory to show off to the world this season. A simple and elegant Holiday Stamp design is featured on the front, while the back design has a 'Peace and Love' stripe with a spot for a small family greeting. With our 100% recycled paper and commitment to planting a tree with every order, you know you can share the love for a long time to come.
See how Paper Culture compares to Tiny Prints, Minted, Shutterfly, & Snapfish
- Card Type:
- Flat Card
- Card Size:
- Cards 5.1" x 7.0" - Flat
- Paper:
- 130lb, 100% post consumer recycled paper
- Envelopes:
- White envelopes made from 100% post consumer recycled paper.
- Delivery Options:
Mailed For You
$0.30 plus the cost of the stamp
Shipped To You
$8.99 flat-rate (via Ground)
- Price Per Card:
- 10-20
- $2.44
- 21-50
- $2.14
- 51-90
- $1.94
- 91-199
- $1.74
- 200-299
- $1.64
- 300+
- $1.54
My name is Janette. I am a designer, photographer, crafter and a friend. I live and work in the beautiful city of San Francisco. I consider myself very lucky because I get to do what I love everyday in such a wonderful place. I get inspired by the littlest things. I spend most of my free time exploring San Francisco, searching for the best bowl of mac & cheese, finding the next great view point, while getting too excited to pet all the puppies on the street.


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Youth Group Events
This flour game would be perfect for large parties, youth group events or family reunions because you can play with a wide range of ages.
Minute to Win It Family Fun Night. This is perfect for families, parties or youth group events. It also makes for a really fun New Year's theme party.
Guess the teacher fundraiser. Perfect for the school fair
Sweet stack made into shape of a sleigh using candy canes for the sled feet and a chocolate santa at the helm
Back in March I blogged about becoming a growth mindset school following our staff launch event. Since that time we have been very busy preparing to roll out the ethos to the whole school. Here's ...
Worm Races - Fun Ninja Youth Group Games
6 Ways To Create Hype Around Your Next Church Event
6 things every small group leader must do (youth group emphasis): 1. Be there for the right reasons. 2. Genuinely love your students. 3. Contact your kids weekly outside of your small group time. 4. Attend large group events as much as possible. 5. Have a balance of discipleship and relationship (Relationships are the bridge to discipleship). 6. Get to know their parents.
What a great idea for the first week! Conversation Jenga!! Students answer a question each time they pull a piece!
youth group event planning sheet


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|Organic Baart Wheat
Baart is a soft white spring planted wheat. Awned. Early-midseason. Midtall stature. Prefers to ripen in a warm dry climate (no summer rains). Large kernels.
|Iceberg Lettuce Seeds
You know it, it is what you buy in the grocery store. Good in "Louie" salads, add bacon, egg or shrimp, these guys are pretty standard fare. Not exactly an heirloom, but it is open pollinated. We are committed to listening to our customers. You asked for it so now we carry it.


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Is Boulevard IT Superstore Sdn. Bhd incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
Contact details
Are these details correct?
Is Boulevard IT Superstore Sdn. Bhd in Boulevard Shopping Complex, Level 2, S.F 1.3, Miri Sarawak 98000 your business? Claim your listing and attract more leads by adding more content, photos and other business details.
We have more Computers services in Miri Sarawak available on Hotfrog MALAYSIA. You can update your search for Miri Computers by location, keyword or service options.
Jalan Datuk Permaisuri, Piasau Jaya Miri Sarawak 98000
Lot 5132,Block 10, Tudan Miri Sarawak 98000
No. 1, Merbau Estate Miri Sarawak 98008
Lot 750 & 751, First Floor, Jalan Merpati Miri Sarawak 98000
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEPressnews.biz (Press Release) Apr 16, 2015 -- If you have been struggling to find the perfect skirt to wear with an elegant blouse or shirt, then you need to stop worrying and take immediate action. What is this supposed to mean? Well… what you need to do is leave aside stress and anxiety and go online, to laposhstyle.com! This is one of the best clothing boutiques that presents you a wide range of the best possible clothes shopping items, all at wonderful prices!
|Contact Email
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|Apr 16, 2015
New Press News
Fusion Art Announces the Opening of Two New Online Art Competitions: "Watercolor" and the 2nd Annual "Figures & Faces"
Fusion Art is pleased to announce it is now accepting entries for two new international online juried art competitions.
FOSJOAS intelligent electric scooters V5 and U1 are desirable gifts
Girls or women consumers always feel tired in a long shopping walk. Airwheel FOSJOAS electric scooters will help them to get rid of these troubles.
Markets Report on Software in India
Market Reports on India present the latest report on "Software in India". Software in India industry profile provides top-line qualitative and quantitative summary information including: market size.
I suppose you'll like the highlights of Image Revive. I thought I would share that with you this evening.
Swimwear and Beachwear Market: Trends, Demand, Size, Analysis 2015 - 2021
Persistence Market Research which analyzes the Swimwear and Beachwear Market and identifies key market drivers and factors impacting growth during the forecast period


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Deven Boston , Buena Park
Deven Boston, Buena Park
Oronde Crenshaw, Costa Mesa
Josh Davis, St. Margaret's
Jonathan Lockett, Mater Dei
Sione Masoe, Garden Grove
Luke Napolitano, Corona del Mar
Cole Norris, Newport Harbor
Kai Ross, Huntington Beach
Quest Truxton, Newport Harbor
Travis Waller, Servite
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text: Education / Graduate Medical Education / Prospective Fellows / Gastroenterology Fellowship Program / Applicant Information / FAQs FAQs Answers to Frequently asked Questions regarding the University of Rochester Gastroenterology fellowship Program. Our 3 first-year positions with a start date of July 1, 2015 are full. We are participating in the ERAS application system for the 2016-2017 recruitment season for 3 positions with a start date of July 1, 2016 . Interviews will be conducted between September and October. If you are selected for an interview you will be notified by e-mail and/or phone call. Only U.S. Citizens/permanent residents and J-1 visas sponsored by the ECFMG are considered for clinical training. We require four letters of reference, with one of these letters from the applicant's current program director.


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The Apple Byte covers the fact, the fiction, and everything inside the world of Apple. Brian Tong talks about the latest Apple announcements, the rumors, and he'll break down the good and bad of Apple with an edgy style.
September 1st, 2016
Episode 116 of 130 episodes
There's always more iPhone 7 rumors, but the updates to the MacBooks and iMacs are coming in October, with iPads getting a push to 2017.
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Creators of the upcoming humor and advice book, Laura Lane and Angela Spera candidly breakdown real-life dating disasters with a new "reason why you're single" every week.


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Can ANYONE cook Nigella's recipes?
By JILL PARKIN
Last updated at 08:25 06 September 2007
Expectation building up all day, lots of tongue-tip tastes of what's to come, then a long simmering before the fully satisfying consummation.
You may be having salacious thoughts, but I am thinking about cookery.
You'd think Nigella, the domestic goddess who put the sin into cuisine, would agree it's something you can't rush, but she's suddenly developed a taste for fast food.
Scroll down for more...
Her new book, Nigella Express, is all about timing things to the minute.
No more grinding your own basil and pine nuts; just grab it from the shelf and hey pesto! But are her recipes really that easy to make, or will they lead a million women into a demented game of 60-second Supermarket Sweep?
Fast food panics me.
I would rather make a proper stock or caramelise some onions than do boil-for-three-minutes pasta.
The water stops boiling as soon as you add the pasta, so when do the three minutes start? And what if someone rings for a chat?
My nightmare is supermarket Indian meals: microwave the lamb rogan josh for five minutes, the rice for three, the naan bread for two and the poppadoms for ten seconds,
then have personal meltdown.
I start off on the wrong foot when I discover that, before going to bed, I am to prepare wet and dry ingredients for the pear-and-ginger breakfast muffins I'll be cooking up on the hoof (by 'lazily forking the ingredients together') in the morning.
I can hardly see in the mornings, let alone work out which is the pronged end of a piece of cutlery.
But I did it, even though I had to find my reading glasses to check I was meant to add half a sugar plantation as well as honey.
And they worked beautifully.
It was just that by the time they came out of the oven, two children had left the house; and the other one noshed her muffin hot, while puzzling over her packed lunch.
"It's what?" she said, sniffing the thermos.
"Pea-and-pesto soup. Piping hot. By Nigella, so don't complain."
"But everyone else will have sandwiches," she moaned.
You can't please them all.
I refused any more debate as I had scalded my arm.
Nigella's soup involves blending a boiling mixture of peas, water, lime juice and pesto.
Now, whizzing up boiling fluids doesn't sound like a good idea.
But it saves time.
So I used a blender like the one she advised, with a plug in the lid for relieving the pressure.
Whether I was meant to remove the plug before whizzing, I don't know.
Perhaps centrifugal force would have prevented my walls from going green, but I wasn't prepared to risk it.
So I held the lid and plug in place with a tea towel.
Up it came, in a hot wet surge through the lid and down the sides of the blender - steaming hot pea soup.
Oh, Nigella, this is a lot for any woman to take before breakfast.
As for the soup, it was OK, though goodness knows what half a teaspoon of lime juice was supposed to do to so much hot water, pea and pesto.
I couldn't taste it.
Still, no time to hang around - on to the next challenge: roast poussin and sweet potatoes.
The only point of poussins is that they are fast. They have nothing like the flavour of an adult chicken, a remarkable amount of bone and flab to meat and they've had a short life.
But they look good on a plate and you can kid yourself you've made roast chicken in 45 minutes.
First, Nigella wants me to cube the sweet potatoes for roasting.
I skip this - life is too short.
Yet, roasted in oil, cumin and cinnamon, the sweet potatoes taste very good and have considerably more flavour than the chicken.
I would say this recipe is a winner.
So it's onwards to the miringlazed salmon.
You mean you've never heard of mirin? Where have you been?
Well, it's actually a Japanese sweet rice wine.
To my surprise, I found it in my supermarket, with most of Nigella's other ingredients, except for readymade wasabi (the Japanese equivalent of horseradish).
I ended up mixing a powered version, myself, but this wasn't too hard.
A warning, though: this combo is very spicy.
Apart from the odd ingredients, the other problem with the salmon is Nigella's stopwatch timing.
It's that old pasta problem. "Marinate the salmon for three minutes on the first side and two minutes on the second."
That's not marinating; that's dunking.
By the time I've done this, I'm frazzled and wishing I had a secondhand on my kitchen clock.
I'm used to sniffing, tasting or poking things to tell when they are done.
Her salmon works, though I'm not sure how it took me half an hour.
But the problem isn't that these recipes don't work, it's just that they are so labour intensive against the clock.
With this sort of pressure, I'm amazed the nation's kitchens aren't witnessing daily murders.
Actually, her crispy squid with garlic mayonnaise didn't work.
I had to heat up nine fluid ounces of oil in a pan, while my hungry family encircled me.
They stared at my wasabi dressing and seemed fearful lest the burn cream had dripped into the mirin-glazed salmon.
They were delinquently high on those pear-and-ginger muffins that have the sort of sugar hit that makes teachers leave their jobs.
Stress like this makes me crack in the kitchen.
Fearing deep fat frying even more than seething soup, I was too cautious, put the squid in while the fat was only warm and was left with a nasty congealed misto.
Deep frying is bad for my nerves and now I am feeling quite shaky.
Tell me it is over. Maybe I should pick the last blackberries of the season from my hedgerow and make something soothing and slow. A pie would be nice.
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selected backgrounds (2 of 2) from Flute Spell
art director - Sandra Lee
BG design supervisor - Derek Hunter
BG designer - Andy Ristaino
BG painters - Ron Russell, Teri Shikasho, Tim Brock, and Christina Raygoza
selected backgrounds (2 of 2) from Flute Spell
art director - Sandra Lee
BG design supervisor - Derek Hunter
BG designer - Andy Ristaino
BG painters - Ron Russell, Teri Shikasho, Tim Brock, and Christina Raygoza
Ron Russell 'Dominus Illuminatio Mea' (Lacquer on glass)
Season 6 Adventure Time Backgrounds
Art Director - Nick Jennings
BG designer - Derek Hunter
BG painters - Sandra Calleros, Ron Russell, and Teri Shikasho
Movie Genre:
By its very nature, the biopic (biographical pictures) exists across many genres. It could be a war film, an epic, or a melodrama. Yet there are characteristics that mark the biopic out as a genre of its own.
A biopic is essentially a dramatized portrayal of the life of a famous figure. In a conventional biopic, the protagonist falls from the height of fame and then goes on to make a triumphant comeback. It was German-born William Dieterle who set the pattern with numerous biopics. A close resemblance between the actor and the real-life figure was achieved by Henry Fonda in Young Mr.Lincoln (1939), Kirk Douglas as Van Gogh in Lust for Life (1956), Ben Kingsley in Gandhi (1982), Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny Cash in Walk The Line (2005) and Jesse Eisenberg as Mark Zuckerberg in The Social Network (2010). Take a look at some of the best performances in biopic films.
- source: The Film Book, A Complete Guide To The World Of Cinema.
What to watch:
- Young Mr Lincoln (John Ford, 1939)
- Gandhi (Richard Attenborough, 1982)
- A Beautiful Mind (Ron Howard, 2001)
- Frida (Julie Taymor, 2002)
- The Aviator (Martin Scorsese, 2004)
- Ray (Taylor Hackford, 2004)
- Walk The Line (James Mangold, 2005)
- The Queen (Stephen Frears, 2006)
- La Vie En Rose (Olivier Dahan, 2007)
- Milk (Gus Van Sant, 2008)
P - Patronus Charm
Sparks - The Number One Song In Heaven (UK 7" Single)
A Beautiful Mind (2001)
selected backgrounds from The Tower
art director - Nick Jennings
BG designers - Santino Lascano & Derek Hunter
BG painters - Sandra Calleros, Ron Russell, and Teri Shikasho
Meet the Cast of Trolls!
Anna Kendrick | Poppy
Justin Timberlake | Branch
Gwen Stefani | DJ Suki
James Corden | Biggie
Russell Brand | Creek
Icona Pop | Fashionistas
Ron Funches | Cooper
Kunal Nayyar | Guy Diamond
GloZell | Grandma Rosiepuff
Meg DeAngelis | Moxie
Directed by Ron Howard
Cinematography by Roger Deakins
Dominus Illuminatio Mea // Ron Russell
Ron & Russell, Sparks '74
Sparks - Tryouts For The Human Race TOTP (x)
Famed 'A Beautiful Mind' mathematician John Nash, wife, killed in N.J. Turnpike crash.
Nash, a West Virginia Native, shared a Nobel Prize for Economics in 1994, the year before he joined the Princeton mathematics department as a senior research mathematician. He is known for his work in game theory and his struggle with paranoid schizophrenia, depicted in the 2001 film, "A Beautiful Mind," starring Russell Crowe.
Found in an old rock anthology I'm leafing through waiting for paint to dry…


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Explore Prettynails, Nailideas, and more!
Black & White
Super black smoked out eyes, Black liner smudged all over lids, blended out.
black and white stripes
Pink and black <3
Cute! And the French tips don't even have to be straight.
This blog contains pretty much every nail polish
Awesome black on black matte/gloss nails.


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TUG Alpha 0.8.2 Update
TUG introduces the first phase of multiplayer and the second phase of terrain generation.
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TRENDnet TK-IP101 KVM IP Switch with TK-423K KVM
The Packages
The TK-IP101 comes in a decent and sturdy looking box; the front clearly shows an image of the product with some details to get you looking closer.
The back of the box gives even greater detail showing off the ports and where the TK-IP101 fits into your network.
Inside the box we find everything we need to get the TK-IP101 running with a single system; including KVM cable, power supply, USB cable (for a USB KVM or USB connection to a computer), three Serial Console (PPP) adapters, a quick start guide and CD-ROM with full manual and utilities.
TRENDNet also sent along their TK-423K four-port USB/PS/2 KVM Switch Kit with audio. This comes in a much larger box (complete with handle). The TK-423K follows the same type of packaging as the TK-IP101. We get a nice clean image of the device with pictures of the accessories included.
The back of the TK-423K's box shows us the diagram and related products.
Inside the TK-423K's box (okay, is it just me or do you hear the storm trooper in the first Star Wars here? - "TK-423K, why aren't you at your post?") you get a ton of extras. These include four full PS/2-USB KVM cables, four USB to PS/2 adapters, four audio bridge cables (both mic and speakers) and of course a power pack and quick-start guide.
PRICING: You can find products similar to this one for sale below.
United States: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon's website.
United Kingdom: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
Canada: Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website.
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This old 3 piece gold colored metal Double Ring 3 Hole Safety Razor is marked "GILLETTE" in a diamond with arrow logo and "MADE IN U.S.A." The handle has a full length crack so is not usable so sold as is for parts, display or repair. The marked piece has a open comb. The metal case is dark green cloth covered marked Gillette on the top. The inside is a purple felt lining marked Made in U.S.A. Gillette Known the World Over. It is used as is with wear, tarnish and a cracked handle. Some of the newer double edge blades are made for use in these older double edge blade razors.
Vintage and Antique Tools, Militaria, Razors, Cameras, Cast Iron, Kitchenware & more!
|Shipping & Handling :
Price for shipping to USA
change location
USPS First-Class Mail Parcel


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Snapchat offers some obvious routes for a brand to gain exposure, and some are already mainstream: sponsored lenses, sponsored Geofilters, and Snap ads getting you in front of Snapchat's millions of users. If you're a smaller brand or interested in reaching Snapchat users in less conventional ways, we're ready to shine light on some corners of Snapchat you might not have considered in your marketing approach.
Mar 14, 2003
FileNet Corporation, a provider of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) solutions, has announced that Woori Bank, a Korean commercial bank with a customer base of 13 million, has selected FileNet's ECM solution in an effort to streamline its loan financing process. By automating many of its supporting loan processes, Woori Bank expects to realize customer service and employee productivity gains. FileNet's ECM offering is designed to be a complete enterprise content management infrastructure that helps organizations manage business processes and their associated content. All products will be supplied through Samsung SDS and Dawin Data Systems, FileNet ValueNET partners in Korea. By improving content and process management capabilities, FileNet's solution is intended to enable Woori Bank to strengthen capabilities in two key business areas: improved bank operations and rapid loan application processing.


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Dear Bean,
Now that winter is almost over, I'm ready to start looking for pieces to enhance my spring wardrobe. However I have a limited budget of $1000 to spend. What key pieces should I purchase to update my look? Also, what items can I keep from last year that will still be fashionable for Spring of '07?
Very Truly Yours,
Springing for Spring
Dear Springing:
It sounds like you're revving up for spring cleaning! I always get excited for that time of year to store my stockings, pack away my sweaters, and zip up my winter coat within the garment bag. But I get even more excited at the thought of revitalizing my wardrobe in celebration of the sunshine ahead!
You've already completed the first step of developing the spring wardrobe — you've established your budget. Bravo! So now you need to decide how exactly you want to spend it. My primary piece of advice to you is to spend the most of your budget towards the item(s) you adore and are the pickiest about. Then, assess what you already have. Lucky for you, a lot of trends have transcended from last year. Hold onto those full floral skirts, skinny Capri pants and print dresses — they'll prove useful in the upcoming months.
First off, what is spring without your signature spring jacket? The look is just classic; a nice one will last you for a couple years and provide a different and more chic version to the standard cardigan cover-up. I am in love with this Ya-Ya jacket — it can be worn as an indoor jacket for work or add a touch of chic to your skinny jeans. Now, I'm not saying ignore the cardigan altogether. Hold on to the ones you have because they are always handy to have around. But for the updated look, check out the wrap cardigan. The style is always flattering and can be found in so many fun styles and at very affordable price points. But enough of covering up — let's talk about the shedding some layers!
Yes, my dear, put the Uggs away, stuff those wool knee-highs back in your sock drawer — the season for skin-baring footwear has arrived! It still might be a bit too cool for the summer thongs or sandals, but it's the perfect season for closed-toe wedges and the peep-toe. Check out these gorgeous Twelfth St. by Cynthia Vincent patent wedges and these Steve Madden deep purple peep-toes. With just two pairs of shoes, you are welcoming white back into the wardrobe and still holding onto the deep hues of the cooler seasons past. Both shoes will add just the right amount of spunk and statement to any of those flirty dresses you can't wait to take out of closet hibernation.
Speaking of the dress, you may have a handful, but I also think adding one into your spring budget is an absolute necessity. The spring shift is affordable, and it can bring that spice of life into any wanting wardrobe. The bold color and adorable cut of this Charlotte Solnicki dress would provide just the needed pep to any suffering closet.
There are also times to remember that not all purchases are to be translated into investments. A good example is the camisole. The Nordstrom's BP brand of camisole is my ultimate standard. At only $12 each, the fit is perfect, the style is classic, the colors are plentiful, and when it gets too worn in you won't feel guilty about paying for its replacement. Make sure you stock up on these staples.
With money leftover, you can now focus on accessorizing your springing style. Now is the time to have fun with colored beads and dangling earrings, and you don't need to spend a fortune on them. I am absolutely in love with bangles right now. Their wash of colors and delicate chiming harmonies makes me think of an island vacation. And if you're looking for that final touch on your first spring outfit, look no further than the belt. The hardware on this Michael Kors hip belt makes a complete statement and adds just enough edge to almost any look that comes its way.
And now — drum roll please — for the damage. With the splurges and the steals, the basics and the trends, your grand total comes out to $988.27! Now what will you do with the remaining $11.73? My recommendation? Take a quarter out of your car meter fund and buy another color in that BP camisole.
1. Ya-Ya Portland Jacket
ShopBop: Original Price: $429.00 Sale Price: $300.30
2. Beaded Wrapover Sweater
La Redoute: $24.99
3. Twelfth St. by Cynthia Vincent Twiggy Patent Wedge
ShopBop: $357
4. Steve Madden Women's Smoothe
Shoes.com: $95.99
5. Charlotte Solnicki Afrodita Dress
ShopBop: $132
6. Nordstrom's BP Stretch Camisole
nordstrom.com: $12.00
7. Ethnic Glass Indian Sari Bangles (set of 16)
shopbeachcombers.com: $12.00 $8.99
8. Michael Kors Black 'Astor' Patchwork Hip Belt
Bluefly.com: $57.00
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