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We've all heard the saying, "It's like riding a bicycle," most often used to describe a skill that, once learned, is never forgotten. But what happens when experienced bike riders no longer find themselves capable of riding the mode of transportation they've always been comfortable operating? Does the saying no longer apply?
As part of a joke on the engineers at their work, a group of welders developed a bike that functioned like any other bicycle, except for one minor alteration: when the rider turns to the right, the wheel turns to the left, and vice versa. Not expecting this to create much of a difference in their ability to ride the bike, the engineers found themselves baffled not only by how difficult it was but by the fact that the modification seemed virtually impossible to overcome.
This simple joke rippled into a full-out study featured on the awesome YouTube channel SmarterEveryDay. The story is incredible and the reasoning behind it is pretty cool to hear, I encourage you to check out the full details in this video:
I've always heard that it is much easier to grasp skills and learn as a child, but seeing this with something as seemingly simple as riding a bike took that to an entirely new level. As part of a challenge to myself, I'm currently in the process of learning Italian through Rosetta Stone. Having started in January, I often find myself frustrated by how little I am able to communicate effectively, even after all these months. Aside from filling me with a bit of regret for not having learned the language as a child, which I had ample opportunities to do, this video also inspires me to keep pushing through it.
My learning capabilities may not be as strong as they once were, but I'm not going to let that stop me from expanding my skill set. I encourage you all to do the same. Don't let a lack of time or belief in yourself stop you from pursuing or learning something that you are passionate about. We are life-long learners, and even if the process ends up being substantially longer than it could have been, it's still a step in the right direction.
Do you think you'd be able to ride the altered bike? What are some activities you do to work on neuroplasticity? Let us know via the comment section below.
Free 10 Day Screening: Oct 20th - Nov 5th!
The Sacred Science follows eight people from around the world, with varying physical and psychological illnesses, as they embark on a one-month healing journey into the heart of the Amazon jungle.
You can watch this documentary film FREE for 10 days by clicking here.
"If "Survivor" was actually real and had stakes worth caring about, it would be what happens here, and "The Sacred Science" hopefully is merely one in a long line of exciting endeavors from this group." - Billy Okeefe, McClatchy Tribune


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1 VIABLE BUT NON-CULTURABLE BACTERIA IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS TO DETECT THEM Colwell, Rita R. Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland Keywords: Genetics, gene, inheritance, DNA, chromosome, genetic disease, inherited disease, chromosomal aberration, polygenic inheritance, behavioral disorders, tumors, heredity, mapping, genetic engineering, gene therapy, gene transfer, gene replacement, vector, counseling, cloning, sequencing, enzyme, nucleotide, PCR, protein, vaccine, ethics. Contents 1. Introduction 2. History of the Viable but Non-culturable Phenomenon in Bacteria Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary When bacteria move from one environment to another, the new environment with which they are confronted may include changes in temperature, nutrient concentration, salinity, osmotic pressure, ph, and other properties. Furthermore, such changes can occur daily within given environments such as estuaries and coastal systems. Bacterial cells adapt dynamically to such shifts in their environment by employing a variety of genotypic and phenotypic mechanisms. Constitutive and inducible enzyme synthesis enables bacteria to accommodate to growth-limiting nutrient concentrations and to adjust or reroute metabolic pathways to avoid potential metabolic and/or structural disruption. Furthermore, they are able to coordinate rates of synthesis to maintain cellular structure and function. These adaptive capabilities provide bacteria with mechanisms by which they are able to respond to their surrounding environment, not only to survive, but to thrive. Demonstration of these capabilities has been made possible through the newly developed tools of biotechnology. 1. Introduction Until recently, the ability to culture microorganisms on artificial media in the laboratory constituted proof of their viability. Depending on the efficiency and/or selectivity of the media employed, interpretation of the viability of bacteria in environmental samples varied, with terms such as "live", "dead", "vegetative", "viable", "nonviable", "stressed", "injured", "moribund", and "static" being applied to such cells, often quite ambiguously. Additional terms used to describe metabolic and reproductive states of bacteria can be found in the literature. The term "viable but non-culturable" was first introduced in 1984
2 for bacteria that demonstrated detectable metabolic function, but were not culturable by any available bacteriological methods. Thus, it has been recognized by microbial ecologists that one of the major limitations to research in microbial ecology is the inability not only to isolate and grow in culture the vast majority of the bacteria that occur in nature, but also to detect their presence. The "viable but non-culturable" phenomenon represents a state of dormancy, survival, and persistence in the environment. Bacterial cells that are "intact and alive", according to selected metabolic criteria, but are not recoverable by culture in or on routinely employed bacteriological media, have been observed in both terrestrial and aquatic environments and, most recently, in the clinical laboratory. 2. History of the Viable but Non-culturable Phenomenon in Bacteria The problem of determining the metabolic state of organisms observed in direct counts, but not recoverable by plating or most-probable-number (MPN) counts, was recognized in the late 1800s. They did not propose specific terminology to define that stage of bacterial growth and survival. The phenomenon appears to reflect various mechanisms of bacterial survival, and individual strains within a species respond differently to environmental conditions as well as to the length of exposure to those conditions. The term "viable" was proposed in 1954 to describe cells capable of multiplying and forming colonies, but the term "live" was suggested for respiring cells unable to divide under the same conditions. "Dead" bacteria were described, in 1962, as those that did not divide; however, it is considered that non-dividing bacteria may be in some sense "alive", because they retain their osmotic barrier even after "death". By this definition, cells are dead if they do not multiply. Another term, "moribund", was suggested in 1967 for the transient state between viability and death that bacterial cells in or on bacteriological media enter when they are exposed to starvation and when they are incapable of multiplication, yet maintain other metabolic functions. The word "dormancy", a term frequently employed among microbiologists, has been used to describe the state into which spore formers or cyst formers transform, but is not employed for organisms that do not produce spores or cysts. Spores and cysts produced by some soil microorganisms are mechanisms of survival. "Resting" forms are found in physiologically and genetically diverse groups of organisms, such as Myxococcus, Azotobacter, Streptomyces, Bacillus, and Clostridium species, notably when they are exposed to altered nutritional conditions. Both soil and aquatic bacteria are able to function at very low metabolic rates when environmental conditions are extreme, and spores develop when only a limited source of carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorous is available. The spore state is considered highly resistant to extreme environments, e.g., very high or low temperatures, desiccation, exposure to toxic chemicals, etc. In 1983, cells were described as "nonviable" once the cells lost the ability to form a colony. It was also acknowledged that the number of "nonviable" respiring cells was 10- fold greater than the number of those that were capable of multiplying.
3 As stated above, after comparing various available methods for isolation and detection of cells, a team of researchers proposed in 1984 the term "viable but non-culturable" to describe Salmonella enteritidis in the stage when it is detectable by direct viable count (DVC) but is not culturable. They were able to "resuscitate" cells assumed by other investigators to have "died off" in seawater, defining the non-culturable cells as viable but non-culturable. It was subsequently proposed, in 1987, that a resting or "somnicell" stage for Gram-negative bacteria, analogous to spore formation in Gram-positive bacteria. Two years later in 1989, in an attempt to show the genetic basis of nonculturability, an interesting level of homology was observed between described fragments of Vibrio genome and spo genes when probes prepared from cloned spo genes from Bacillus spp. were used. The presence of a few spo genes and a number of sigma factors in the genome of V. cholerae was confirmed in Bacteria that have the greatest capacity to survive starvation are small and have lower metabolic rates than other bacteria. It was shown in 1965 that this characteristic low metabolic rate is shared with spores, which exhibit a capacity for survival by shutting off almost all metabolic activity, yet remaining viable. The "rounding up" phenomenon, with concomitant reduction in cell volume, was reported for Vibrio species under low nutrient conditions, i.e., in an environment relatively free of organic nutrients, at which time the bacterial cells are observed to adjust to the substrate-limited stress condition by adopting necessary physiologic changes. Campylobacter jejuni also becomes a typical coccoid-like cell with intact cell membranes and retains its viability after entering the non-culturable state. When morphologic changes take place, the rounding up and reduction in size of the cells may be as much as 15- to 300-fold, depending on the level of nutritional stress. It is possible to filter organisms from seawater that pass through a 0.45-μ-pore-size filter membrane, but which are retained on 0.22-μm-pore-size membranes. The bacteria with this capability are Spirillum, Leucothrix, Flavobacterium, and Vibrio species. This size reduction was also observed for viable but non-culturable V. cholerae. It is concluded that filter membranes with pores no larger than 0.22 or 0.10 μm must be used to collect cells from the natural environment. The three O-antigenic forms or subtypes of Vibrio cholerae 01 (Ogawa, Inaba, and Hikojima) are based on structure and response to various tests that determine an organism's role in causing disease. For purposes of discussion, epidemic strains of V. cholerae 01, i.e., the "cholera vibrio", are defined as possessing the 01 antigen, being capable of producing cholera toxin (CT + ), and, therefore, causing cholera in susceptible hosts. Both classical and El Tor biovars are included in V. cholerae 01. Nontoxigenic V. cholerae 01 strains comprise those isolates that agglutinate in 01 antiserum, but do not possess the cholera toxin gene. Nevertheless, these strains may produce diarrheal disease and are designated nonepidemic V. cholerae 01. A non-01 V. cholerae strain, V. cholerae 0139, which does not agglutinate with 01 antiserum, has caused epidemics in India, Bangladesh, and elsewhere. Environmental and clinical isolates are identical by 5S rrna and DNA fingerprinting. Interestingly, both the 5S rrna and the 16S rrna data indicate a deep branching of V. cholerae from other vibrios. Little difference is found in the major outer membrane
4 proteins of clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae 01 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A band of 22-kDa protein was observed for all the environmental strains, but not for the clinical strains. A significant decrease in the concentration of several of the protein bands, including the 22-kDa band, was detected for environmental strains passaged through rabbit ileal loops, demonstrating a possible environmentally-induced change. The anecdotal information that persisted for nearly 100 years from the turn of the century maintained that the only reservoir of toxigenic V. cholerae 01, the epidemic strain of cholera, was the human intestinal tract and that this strain was taxonomically separate from V. cholerae non-01, also known as "nonagglutinable vibrios", found in aquatic, predominantly estuarine environments. An important advance was made when it was shown that, using DNA-DNA hybridization, 01 and non-01v. cholerae constitute a single species. The distinction between "cholera vibrios" and other V. cholerae was vigorously championed at that time, but a mounting volume of evidence, including results of numerical taxonomy, DNA-DNA hybridization, and nucleic acid sequencing, provided solid underpinning for this conclusion. The epidemic of cholera occurring in India and Bangladesh, in which V. cholerae 0139 was isolated and concluded to be responsible for the epidemic, suggested the need to finally put to rest the notion of cholera vibrios and V. cholerae non-01 strains as separate species. The evidence that has been accumulated for cholera is similarly increasing in volume for Legionella, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter. The evidence is now compelling for environmental sources of Campylobacter jejuni, and Legionella pneumophila and the long-term survival of Helicobacter pylori in the environment, and possibly autochthonous in nature. Physiological investigations, done in parallel with the genetic analysis of control of the VBNC state, focused on two aspects of the VBNC response. Metabolic activity of V. cholerae and E. coli cells at the point of entry into the VBNC state was investigated in substrate uptake experiments, in which uptake of 3 H-labeled thymidine and 14 C-labeled glucose and acetate were measured. Uptake of substrate decreased as cells entered the VBNC state and dramatically increased with a temperature upshift from 4 C to 30 C, with recovery of culturable cells of V. cholerae. The increased uptake was not observed with E. coli, which did not recover culturability. Transition from the VBNC state, after a temperature upshift from 4 C to 30 C, was elucidated, showing that the mechanism(s) of genetic control of VBNC state must be known before this phenomenon can be fully understood. Temperature is an important inducer of the VBNC state. Experimental evidence suggests that increased temperature of Campylobacter jejuni cultivation results in decreased recoverability on culture plates. The ability of bacterial cells to respond to shifts in environmental parameters involves a variety of phenotypic and genotypic mechanisms. To remain viable, bacteria must utilize both constitutive and inducible enzyme synthesis, accommodate to growth-limiting nutrients and adjust or reroute metabolic pathways to escape metabolic or structural disruption caused by specific nutrient limitations. The adaptability of bacteria in this regard is extraordinary and has been documented by many investigators over the past several decades. In one study, the
5 uptake of 3 H-labeled thymidine and 14 C-labeled glucose with acetate as the substrate decreased as cells of V. cholerae and E. coli entered the VBNC state and dramatically increased upon an upshift of temperature from 4 C to 30 C. In addition, the ability of the microbial cells to coordinate rates of synthesis to maintain cellular structure and carry out metabolic functions provides bacterial cells with a significant advantage in responding to the surrounding environment. Clinical and environmental pathogens representing more than 13 genera including the families Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae and Aeromonadaceae have been reported to occur in the viable but non-culturable state. Although it is believed that growth-limiting factors have a major influence on the survival of microorganisms in the viable but nonculturable state, the effect of temperature appears to be extremely important. Morphological changes have been demonstrated in that the cells become coccoid and smaller in size with the central region compressed and surrounded by denser cytoplasm, because temperature change has induced the viable but non-culturable state. Organisms not capable of growing on routine bacteriological culture media are considered to be non-culturable, whereas demonstration of viability by direct methods (i.e., measuring the uptake of substrates) will allow determination of viability Bibliography TO ACCESS ALL THE 13 PAGES OF THIS CHAPTER, Visit: Anderson J.I. and Hofferman W.P. (1965). Isolation and characterization of filterable marine bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 90, [The article demonstrates the presence of bacteria in seawater of a size μ.] Baker R.M., Singleton F.L., and Hood M.A. (1983). Effects of nutrient deprivation on Vibrio cholerae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46, [This article presents data showing cell response to nutrient deprivation.] Beumer R.R., De Vries J, and Rombouts F.M. (1992). Campylobacter jejuni non-culturable coccoid cells. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 15, [This article describes the pathogenicity of VBNC C. jejuni studied.] Citarella R.V. and Colwell R.R. (1970). Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus Vibrio: polynucleotide sequence relationships among selected Vibrio species. J. Bacteriol. 104, [This article shows the demonstration of the identical species of V. cholerae 01 and non-01.] Dawes E.A. and Ribbons D.W. (1965). Studies on the endogenous metabolism of Escherichia col. Biochem. J. 95, [This article shows an early demonstration of viability of non-dividing cells.] Felter R.A., Colwell R.R., and Chapman G.B. (1969). Morphology and round body formation of Vibrio marinus. J. Bacteriol. 99, [This article describes an electron microscopy study of rounded cells of vibrios.]
6 Hasan J.A.K., Huq A., Tamplin M.L., Siebeling R. and Colwell R.R. (1994). A Novel Kit for Rapid Detection of V. cholerae 01. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, Hasan J.A.K. (1995) Development and application of rapid test kits for the detection of V. cholerae in water, food and clinical samples. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland at College Park, Maryland. Heidelberg, J.F., Eisen J.A., Nelson W.C., Clayton R.A., Gwinn M.L., Dodson R.J., Haft D.H., Hickey E.K., Peterson J.D., Umayam L., Gill S.R.,Nelson K.E., Read T.D.,Tettelin H., Richardson D., Ermolaeva M.D., Vamathevan J., Bass S., Qin H., Dragoi I., Sellers P., McDonald L., Utterback T., Fleishmann R.D., Nierman W.C., White O., Salzberg S.L., Smith H.O., Colwell R.R., Mekalanos J.J., Venter J.C., and Fraser C.M. (2000). DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Nature. 406 (6795), Huq A. and Colwell R.R. (1996). Vibrios in the marine and estuarine environment: Tracking Vibrio cholerae. Ecosystem Health. 2 (3), Huq A., Colwell R.R., Rahman R., Ali A., Chowdhury M.A.R., Parveen S., Sack D.A., and Russek- Cohen E. (1990). Detection of Vibrio cholerae 01 in the Aquatic Environment by Fluorescent- Monoclonal Antibody and Culture Methods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 (8), Huq A., Parveen S., Qadri F., Sack D., and Colwell R.R. (1993). Comparison of Vibrio cholerae serotype 01 strains isolated from patients and the aquatic environment. J. Trop. Med. and Hygiene. 96, Janinson M.W. (1937). Relation between plate counts and direct microscopic counts of Escherichia coli during logarithmic period. J. Bacteriol. 33, Knaysi G. (1935). A microscopic method of distinguishing dead from living cells. J. Bacteriol. 30, Kogure K., Simidu U., and Taga N. (1979). A tentative direct microscopic method for counting living marine bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 25, Kurath G., and Morita Y. (1983). Starvation survival and physiological studies of a marine Pseudomonas spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, Linder K. and Oliver J.D. (1989). Membrane fatty acid and virulence changes in the viable but nonculturable state of Vibrio vulnificus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, Medema, G.J., Schets F.M., van de Giessen A., and Haveljar A.H. (1992). Lack of colonization of 1 day chicks by viable non-culturable Campylobacter jejuni. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 72: Oliver J.D. (1993). Formation of Viable but Non-culturable Cells. Starvation in Bacteria (ed. S Kjelleberg), New York: Plenum Press. Porter K.G. and Fieg Y.S. (1980). The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25, Postgate J. (1967). Viability measurements and the survival of microbes under minimum stress. Advances in Microbial Physiology, Vol. 1 (eds. A Rose and J Wilkinson), London: Academic press. Postgate J.R. and Hunter J.R. (1962). The survival of starved bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 29, Rollins D.M. and Colwell R.R. (1986). Viable but Non-culturable Stage of Campylobacter jejuni and Its Role in Survival in the Natural Aquatic Environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52 (3), Roszak D.B., Grimes D.J., and Colwell R.R. (1984). Viable but non-recoverable stage of Salmonella enteritidis in aquatic systems. Can. J. Microbiol. 30, Roszak D. B. and Colwell R.R. (1987). Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environment. Microbiol. Rev. 51 (3), Strugger S. (1949). Fluoreszensmikroskopie and Mikrobiologie, p Hanover, M. V. H. Schaper. Vadivelu J., Gobius K.S., and Colwell R.R. (1989). Evidence for nucleotide sequence similarity between Bacillus subtilis spo0 genes and Aeromonas caviae, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae restriction fragments. Abstr. P-188, p. 187, 5 th Int. Symp. Microb. Ecol., Kyoto, Japan, August 27-September 1, 1989.
7 Valentine R.C. and Bradfield J.R.G. (1954). The urea method for bacterial viability counts with electron microscope and its relation to other viability counting method. J. Gen. Microbiol. 11, Xu, Huai-Shu, Roberts N., Singleton F.L., Attwell R.W., Grimes D.J., and Colwell R.R. (1982). Survival and viability of non-culturable Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in the estuarine and marine environment. Microb. Ecol. 8, Xu, B., Huq A., Rahman I., and Colwell R.R. (1999). Survival of Vibrio cholerae 0139 and V. mimicus in viable but non-culturable state and maintenance of virulence potential. (In preparation). Zimmerman, R., Iturriaga R., and Becker-Birck J. (1978). Simultaneous determination of the total number of aquatic bacteria and the number thereof involved in respiration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36, Biographical Sketch Rita R. Colwell: Professor, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, FAX: /TEL: , Degrees: Bachelor of Science, Bacteriology, Purdue University, Master of Science, Genetics, PurdueUniversity, Ph.D., Oceanography, University of Washington. Research Interests: Marine biotechnology and molecular microbial ecology, with special expertise on marine vibrios, including Vibrio cholerae, and the molecular genetics of marine and estuarine bacteria. Past President of the American Society for Microbiology, the International Union of Microbiological Societies, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Sigma Xi National Science Honorary Society, and Washington Academy of Sciences, and Past Chairman of the Board of Governors of the American Academy of Microbiology. Presidential appointee to the National Science Board and Elected Member National Academy of Sciences. Awards and Honors: D.Sc., (Hon.) Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1987; Honorary Professor, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia, 1988; D.Sc., (Hon.) Hood College, Frederick, Maryland, 1991; D.Sc., (Hon.) Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, 1993; LL.D., College of Notre Dame of Maryland, 1994; D.Sc. (Hon.), University of Surrey, Guildford, England, 1995; Honorary Professor, University of Qingdao, People's Republic of China, 1995; D.Sc. (Hon.) University of Bergen, Norway, 1999; D.Pub. Service (Hon.) Coastal Carolina University, 1999; D.Sc. (Hon.), St. Mary's College, 1999; D.Sc. (Hon.), University of Maryland (Baltimore County), 1999; D.Sc. (Hon.), State University of New York, Albany, 2000; D.Sc. (Hon.), Michigan State University, 2000; D.Sc. (Hon.), University of Connecticut, 2000; D.Sc. (Hon.), Washington College, 2000; D.Sc. (Hon.), Williams College, 2000; D.Sc. (Hon.), The George Washington University, 2001; D.Sc. (Hon.), Mount Holyoke College, 2001; D.Sc. (Hon.), University of Ancona, Italy, 2001; Medal of Distinction from Columbia University, 1996; Alumna Summa Laude Dignata, University of Washington, Seattle, 2000; University of California, Los Angeles Gold Medal, 2000; Gold Medal of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 2000; Explorers' Club Lowell Thomas Award, 2000; Maryland's Top 100 Women Hall of Fame 2000, Cosmos Club Award, 2000.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE ICH HARMONISED TRIPARTITE GUIDELINE VIRAL SAFETY EVALUATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTSMore information
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Cloud Rap
An Introduction Into Cloud Rap. A Vast Page Of Cloud Rap Artists For You To Enjoy. Also A Great Depth Of Education For Those Who Do Not Know What Cloud Rap/Trillwave Is.
Just me and my cough syrup. Chopped and Screwed. 60-70 BPM. Obscure genres for Sad Boys ♡
Sorry I was gone for a week at the summer camp I love so much they don't allow phones
Rap Monster ❤ Japanese 2nd album 'YOUTH' #BTS #방탄소년단
Bones, born Elmo Kennedy O'Connor - COURTESY PHOTO
Mos Def & Common, talented Poets and artists, whose Music breaches the gap of ages
Peanuts gives respect to ODB.
Method Man
"One of our problems today is that we are not well acquainted with the literature of the spirit." — Joseph Campbell
This is super Wavy. Cloud Rap Attack! Courtesy of STEADY LEANIN' + DURKIN comes this gem. CLXVDS TAPE I.


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After 3 years of moderate use, it is still working as designed and is comfortable using the upgraded mattress that I got for use by guests.Read More
Excellent fits great in the multi purpose roomRead More
This item got a 2 star because it looked nice in the room, however the mattress never stayed in place when used as seating. Forget sleeping on it, I had to use it for week and couldn't believe how uncomfortable it was. Should have gotten a mattress with springs, and better quality.Read More
We are in the process of throwing this out right now, almost exactly 2 years after the purchase date. There were quite a few small pieces that didn't easily fit together from the beginning, so this was very difficult to put together. Also, I ordered the burgandy color, which I anticipated to be at least slightly reddish-toned, but this is very purple. I would actually call it eggplant. The biggest issue is that this did not hold up long at all. The bar in the middle was *very poorly* welded and snapped early on, leaving a slope down toward the middle which worsened over time. We probably should have thrown this away last year but we anticipated moving and just didn't feel like buying another futon and putting it together just to have to move it. Today the middle section sags almost to the floor. The snapped weld left sharp edges which I have scraped my leg on multiple times. Suffice to say, I have never looked forward to throwing out a piece of furniture more than this futon. I've owned less expensive furniture pieces that held up for much longer with heavier use than this futon. I wish I knew the brand of futon that was in the furnished home I rented years ago, because that futon was vastly superior to this one. In short, this isn't worth the price. Buyer beware.Read More
The metal is cheap and weak. The spring mechanism has bent twice, this last time so severely that it can no longer unfold into a bedRead More
My boyfriend and I were looking for a middle-of-the road futon: not dirt cheap, but not super expensive either. This has really done the trick for us. It feels pretty sturdy (though maybe I wouldn't collapse onto it) and is quite comfortable for, you know, a futon. The bench is wide and the back is high, and we haven't had any problems with the mattress staying put. I (a 23-year-old female who is quite handy) was able to put it together by myself in about 2.5 hours. The tools provided are adequate, but you might want to make sure you have your own open or adjustable wrench. The stamp wrench is pretty hard on the hands. We haven't had it for long--only about a month--but we're happy with our purchase so far.Read More
easy to put together and less pieces than I had imagined. The mattress was good and solid/tight. Good price for the qualityRead More
Have had this futon in my library/guest room for years. Comfy as a couch to sit and read or lie on for a nap. Opens easily into a standard size mattress that my guests sleep very well on.Read More
we put this futon in the family room...My son bought the same one , we all love it.Read More
Would not recommend this product due to the fact that in less than a year that I had it product broke and no product can be truly tested iin 30 days or less to see if it will hold up to justify priceRead More
pretty easy for me an older woman to put together, futon has the strong natural cotton smell but it isn't chemical smell so it was fine with my sensitive friend who stayed on it. frame is a little shaky but this is for my spare room then cabin so it will be great. just don't move it around all the time. Just what was shown and what we expected to receive and are happy with it.Read More
Did not take as long as others suggested to put together.No problems at all.Delivered before the delivery date.Haven't slept on it,but seems comfortable.Love the navy colour.Very good value.Read More
Excellent futon for the price. Make sure you get a "set" and not just a mattress. The mattress cover is good quality and the navy is beautiful. The frame is sturdy and of good quality. The mattress is also thicker than most inexpensive futons. According to my son, his futon is the envy of his dorm floor. He was able to put it together on his own although he did say he was glad he had some building experience. It looks well made and should last for a few college years. He also go it in record time--two days. Good job Overstock!Read More
If you are expecting this to be the most comfortable futon ever, you might be disappointed. But for the price, you cannot beat it. My husband and I were both very satisfied with the quality given how inexpensive the futon was (and free shipping!). If you expect more than what you get, then you are being unrealistic. I don't know how they are making any money on this product as it is. The sides are solid wood and the futon is of sturdy construction. We were missing some of the nuts and bolts from the assembly kit, but an email to the manufacturer solved that. This will be nice for guests to crash on in the future.Read More
My futon arrived in 2 business days due to my proximity from the shipping location. It arrived in two packages, and came with both an allen wrench and a hex wrench tool, so if you're tool-light like me, everything is provided. The box with the wooden pieces contained extra parts, and after assembling the product I had a LOT left over, but it went together in about an hour and the only difficult part was where you have to use the hex wrench and allen wrench at the same time. Doable, but easier if you have your own hex wrench. The mattress is fairly firm yet pliable, and my cat has decided she loves it. I love it too, and after assembly it feels more solidly put together than a futon we bought at a local furniture store several years ago, which was pre-assembled. If you're looking for a couch/bed combo or a mattress set for a proper bed is just a little too much, I recommend this product heartily.Read More
We were moving and had sold our couch as it was too heavy to move. The futon was waiting for us at our new house- very fast delivery! Color and style is nice. Took a while to put together - not super-well made but it's light weight and the mattress is good . Would recommend this to an apartment dweller or someone needing a good couch/ bed for not much $$Read More
a bolt broke while trying to put it together that is vital to the piece, parts of the frame came in damaged so we were unable to put it together.Read More
I like the futon a lot. There are youtube videos of a guy putting one together that help A LOT. It's definitely a 2 person job, even with the videos. We could have done it ourselves with the instructions, but seeing the guy do it helped a great deal and the whole thing was done in under an hour.Read More
If you are not accustomed to putting things together this not the item to order. However my husband was able to put it together in less than two hours when following the instructions. The mattress cover however causes the mattress to slide off when the futon is in upright mode.Read More
Purchased 2 years ago, and just a few weeks ago one of the two screws that fastened the frame to to one of the side wood pieces completely stripped out on its own , which caused the frame to irreparably warp, pop out of the notched running track and crack in half the side wood piece due to the stress. Frame was completely ruined and we had to disassemble and throw to the curb. Now the mattress sits on the floor while we search for a sturdy, virtually indestructible frame. The main problem is that the skinny wood pieces on the sides really are not made to sustain the weight of users over time. We are all fairly short and light people in my family, so excessive weight stress was NOT an issue for the unit breaking. Buyer beware, unless you only want to get a year or two out of it...Read More
Provo Full Mission-style Frame/ Mattress Futon Set
Today: $389.99


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Again, whether you fully believe Donaghy or not, he does provide a fascinating perspective into the world of refereeing that simply no one else can provide.


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Russia and Belarus held joint airborne drills in BrestMilitary & Defense October 24, 8:16
District head: all people on board crashed helicopter in Transbaikal deadSociety & Culture October 24, 8:16
Sergey Ivanov: Russia is ready to open new page in relations with U.S. after electionsRussian Politics & Diplomacy October 24, 4:10
Steinmeier: Further anti-Russian sanctions may hamper talksWorld October 23, 23:31
Qatari former Emir Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani dies aged 84World October 23, 23:08
Russia's health ministry plans to build vaccines plant in EcuadorBusiness & Economy October 23, 20:19
Cygnus cargo spacecraft docks to ISSScience & Space October 23, 19:44
Whereabouts of several residents of blast-destroyed house in Ryazan not yet establishedWorld October 23, 18:50
Zakharova: no cyberattack on Russian foreign ministry's websiteRussian Politics & Diplomacy October 23, 18:29
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MOSCOW, December 25. /ITAR-TASS/. Cooperation in missile defence is still possible with Russia, U.S. Ambassador Michael McFaul told Russian daily Kommersant.
Asked why the White House did not revise missile defence deployment plans in Europe as a perceived Iranian threat waned, McFaul said the U.S. was now estimating whether a threat existed. As there were no fixed agreements with Iran, it was early to say the threat was no more.
McFaul expressed hope the two countries would make concerted efforts to reach long-term agreements. But until this happened, it was early to talk about a new reality, he said.
The ambassador said the U.S. still considered missile defense a sphere for cooperation with Russia as the two countries' tasks were similar.
The U.S. had neither intent nor opportunity to create a missile defence system against Russia, which would be naпve and physically impossible. So far, the U.S. had achieved no significant results in talks with Russia but was planning to continue working for progress, the envoy said.


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Applying to the Honors College is a three-step process:
- Apply to Cal State LA through CSU Mentor: http://www.CSUMentor.edu
Note: If you are currently a student at Cal State LA, you should skip this first step and proceed directly to step 2.
- Complete an online application to the Honors College through GET (https://get.calstatela.edu). There is no additional fee required to apply to the Honors College.
Note: Please note that you will need to have access to your GET account to apply to the Honors College. Cal State LA will provide you by email with a User ID (CIN) and password approximately five business days after you apply through CSU Mentor. The sender name in the first e-mail will be CheckApp.
- Mail the Honors College application checklist, along with two letters of recommendation and official transcripts, to:
Honors College
King Hall D1045 - APPL
California State University, Los Angeles
5151 State University Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90032
Applying for 2017-18: The application period for the year 2017-18 starts November 2016. To receive priority consideration for scholarships and admission, all materials must be received by January 31, 2017.
Applying for 2016-17: The Honors College application period for the year 2016-17 is now closed.


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Fishbone Grill & Sports Bar
Blackened catfish, grilled tilapia, and giant all-beef burgers pair with beers across from the Dallas Cowboys stadium
Steak, Burgers, and Steakhouse Food at Jay Joe's Grill (Up to 43% Off). Three Options Available.
Jay Joe's Grill
Steakhouse grills up American comfort foods that include fried pickles, jalapeño burgers, filet mignon, and grilled pork chops
Crawfish and Louisiana Seafood at SoHo Crab Shack (35% Off)
SOHO Crab Shack
Seafood specialists fill plates with crawfish, fresh shrimp, crab, and oysters, or craft Louisiana-style sandwiches.
All-You-Can-Eat Brazilian Churrasco Dinner for Two or Four at Villa's Grill (30% Off)
Villa's Grill
Feast on meats such as bacon-wrapped chicken, beef, and pork, accompanied by selections from the salad bar and hot buffet
Chinese and Japanese Food at Asian Top Restaurant (40% Off). Three Options Available.
Asian Top Restaurant
Massive menu of traditional Chinese and Japanese dishes, including yellowtail sashimi, udon soup, sesame chicken, and pork lo mein
Lunch or Dinner for Two or Four for Dinner at Cultural Catch with a Globally-Inspired Menu (40% Off)
Cultural Catch Restaurant
Chefs craft fresh seafood dishes inspired by global flavors, such as Thai chile calamari, po' boy sandwiches, and shrimp and grits
$29 for $40 Worth of Sushi and Asian Fusion Cuisine at Sushi Fugu
Sushi Fugu
Highland Village
Shrimp curry, pad thai, sashimi, and a variety of specialty rolls served in a sleek, modern dining room
Burgers and Drinks for Carry-Out, Lunch, or Dinner at Tommy's Hamburger Grill & Patio (Up to 50% Off)
Tommy's Hamburger Grill & Patio
Forth Worth
Patty melts on texas toast piled with grilled onions and american cheese, blue-cheese burgers, and chicken-fried chicken sandwiches
$28 for $40 Worth of Cajun Food at Boo Ray's of New Orleans
Boo Ray's
Classic jambalaya and étouffée join simpler cuts of seafood such as cedar-plank salmon and fried catfish
$12 for $20 Worth of Homestyle American Food at Ginger Brown's
Ginger Brown's
Lake Worth
Cinnamon rolls, classic egg breakfasts, and steak dinners with country gravy at a diner steeped in antiques and aged photos
$10 for $20 Worth of Mexican Cuisine at Mercado Juarez Cafe. Three Locations Available.
Mercado Juarez Cafe
Fajitas, enchiladas, and authentic Mexican specialties are served with freshly made flour tortillas and housemade salsas
$9 for $15 Worth of Food & Drinks for Two or More at Daiqiruri Daddi Cafe
Daiqiruri Daddi Cafe
Hulen Bend
Enjoy a relaxing vibe at Daiquiri Cafe with several flavors to choose from - to go or dine in
$12for $20Worth of American Comfort Food at Benbrook Cafe
Benbrook Cafe
Bomber Heights
Classic American comfort foods like biscuits and gravy and burgers, served by a friendly staff
$9 for $15 Worth of Food at Louisiana Famous Fried Chicken & Seafood. Two Locations Available.
Louisiana Famous Fried Chicken & Seafood
This comfort food spot specializes in fried seafood and fried chicken that's marinated for 24 hours before cooking
Fondue Dinner with Salads and Entrees for Two at The Melting Pot (Up to 43% Off)
The Melting Pot
Arlington, TX
Creamy cheese fondue and meats to be cooked fondue-style at the table, including filet mignon, herb-crusted chicken, and shrimp
$11 for $20 Worth of Italian Food at Johnny Carino's (45% Off)
Johnny Carino's
Family restaurant serves classic Italian food, as well as one-of-a-kind, signature spicy dishes, all made from the freshest ingredients
Seafood and All-American Cuisine for Two or Four at The Bottom (Up to 42% Off). Two Options Available.
The Bottom
Bluebonnet Hills
Catfish platters, smoked-brisket tacos, and 1lb. Big Bottom burgers with seasoned, hand-cut fries; flat screens stream TCU games
$10 for $18 Worth of Pizza and Italian Food at Café Sicilia
Cafe Sicilia
New York-style pizza, lasagna, chicken parmigiana, and shrimp alfredo
$12 for $20 Worth of Diner Food at Moe's Cafe
Moe's Cafe
Classic diner menu boasts omelets all day, bacon burgers, steaks, and salads
Lunch Buffet for Two or Four, Dinner for Two, or Take-Out India Grill (Up to 43% Off)
India Grill
India Grill - Arlington Highlands
Chef slow-roasts lamb, prawns, and veggies in traditional clay oven for curries and other authentic Indian dishes
Barbecue at Pickles BBQ & Icehouse (Up to 50% Off). Three Options Available.
Pickles BBQ & Icehouse
Diners enjoy savory barbecue, such as hickory-smoked brisket, as well as specialty pickles in flavors including watermelon and sour apple
New York–Style Pizza, Wings, and Drinks for Two, Three, Four, or More at The American Pub (40% Off)
The American Pub
Cultural District
Modern sports bar serves up specialty New York–style pizzas, wings, and cheesecake; walk-up window is open till 4 a.m. Thursday–Saturday
$12 for $20 Worth of Italian Cuisine at Spaghetti Warehouse
Spaghetti Warehouse
Hand-rolled meatballs, 15-layer lasagna, and chicken parmigiana decorate tables at historical urban warehouse restaurants
Barbecue at Pickles BBQ & Icehouse (45% Off). Two Options Available.
$12 for $20 Worth of Lebanese Dinner Cuisine at Prince Lebanese Grill
Prince Lebanese Grill
Town North
BYOB grill serves entrees of grilled beef and lamb, falafel paired with hummus, and chicken shawarma served with rice
Barbecue for Two or Four at Back Forty Smokehouse (Up to 35% Off)
Back Forty Smokehouse
North Richland Hills
Barbecue classics such as brisket, ribs, and pulled pork with sides such as mashed potatoes and green beans
German Food for Two or Four at Laura's Biergarten (Up to 42% Off)
Laura's Biergarten
This authentic German restaurant serves classic dishes like bratwurst, schnitzel, and döner kabobs
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Google's advertising revenue jumps 18.1% in Q3
Paid clicks on ads across Google-owned sites and its advertising network jumped 33% during the quarter.
Google's advertising revenue jumps 18.1% in Q3
Paid clicks on ads across Google-owned sites and its advertising network jumped 33% during the quarter.
Twitter lays off 9% of its staff
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New research examines how and where smartphone searchers take action.
Posted 03/13/2013Bill SiwickiPost a comment
Mobile accounts for nearly a quarter of consumers' paid search clicks.
Posted 03/01/2013Bill SiwickiPost a comment
Big companies allot 18.4% of their search budgets for mobile, Marin Software says.
Posted 02/13/2013Bill SiwickiPost a comment
Enhanced Campaigns let retailers customize paid search ads in one account.
Posted 02/07/2013Katie EvansPost a comment
Smartphones and tablets drew 23% of paid clicks in Q4 2012, The Search Agency says.
Posted 01/23/2013Amy DustoPost a comment
Retailers need to integrate mobile into overall marketing campaigns, Gartner says.
Posted 01/17/2013Bill SiwickiPost a comment
Mobile is an increasingly important part of the shopping process, an eMarketer analyst says.
Posted 01/08/2013Bill SiwickiPost a comment
MMCF speakers explain Google AdWords features that help raise mobile search effectiveness.
Posted 10/08/2012Allison EnrightPost a comment
U.S. marketers this year will spend $2.3 billion on the tiny ads, eMarketer predicts.
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One search marketing executive offers tips for making the most of mobile paid search.
Posted 07/24/2012Katie EvansPost a comment


text:
Design for Diversity Manifesto
Since 2006, OpenCity Projects has showcased how excellent public spaces and urban design help make our cities more beautiful, diverse, sustainable, and inclusive.
We have often looked to Toronto for inspiration. It's a city of newcomers, where immigration is embraced and where almost 50% of its population have been born outside Canada. Here we've seen that when people mix together and integrate well with each other and their spaces everyone can live and grow together, peacefully.
No love for locks
Every year, tourists and locals alike flock to Brooklyn Bridge where a recent trend of attaching padlocks, or "love locks" to the bridge's pedestrian promenade has been on the rise, echoing the romantic gesture made popular by tourists at Paris's Pont des Arts bridge. But the city's Department of Transportation (DOT) has declared that enough is enough. The agency has announced plans to hang signs prohibiting love locks and other items, and will impose fines of $100 for those unwilling to abide by the new rule. Continue reading…
Open Wide
Morag Myerscough & Luke Morgan have created a temporary pavilion in the Austrian city of Graz that welcomes both locals and visitors to the fair programs. 'Open Wide' is a vibrant and friendly arrival area that can be seen rising through the trees across the park, inviting passersby to enter inside and share ideas. Continue reading…


text:
I've had these emotions hidden deep inside of me for years. I am currently doing my A-Levels and I just lost hope in everything in life. Throughout my secondary days, I had friends. Some who I am still in contact with today. I also had the toxic. They made me feel like ****, they made me hate myself. That laughed AT me not with me. I failed my Maths GCSE so went to a sixth form and retook the exam. My biggest stress then was to pass my exams. I fortunately did. I have started anew at a different college, where I can finally start my A-Levels.
I'm already struggling with History. For some reason everyone knows all these historic figures such a Charles I, whereas I don't. I did not learn about him or any other monarchs such as Henry VIII. And it's the worst sitting in class so clueless. I've made friends within my lessons but no one who I can spend my breaks with. I have never felt so alone. Every single day, I have an hour (or three) to myself. Everyone else are in groups or pairs, no where for me to join. You see, the students at my college are from around the area while I am not. They all went to the same schools. They have their friends from secondary while I don't.
I have anxiety too, so I literally panic and stress over just making conversations with strangers. Once I am comfortable with someone I am confident and loud. I just hate it. I hate it all. "In a room full of people, I feel so alone." I saw this quote about 3 years ago and I can relate to it a lot. I don't feel welcomed. I don't feel as if I belong. I question the purpose of my existence in this world frequently.
I'm no way near intelligent. I'm not pretty. I'm not slim. I'm no one. I'm just pathetic and worthless. My depression is getting worse. Every single day I lose myself a bit more, piece by piece and it's sad that I can't do anything about it. I have no one to really open myself up to. I have no passion in life. No dreams, no aims. Heck, I don't even understands things like UCAS and Universities, degrees and what not. I just don't know what to do anymore.
I'm crap at keeping in contact with friends. I'm too scared to get a job. I let people step all over me. During my breaks, I sit by myself in the library. I complete homework if I need to or just sit there in my misery. Literally every girl in my college are so pretty. They have the perfect body, perfect face… then there's me. I have a chubby face. A double chin visible to everyone. My teeth are not straight. My arms are chubby. I have the muffin top. My chest size is not to my liking. My thighs touch. I just hate everything.
I just want to feel loved.
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