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Relevant offers
Electricity prices go up today. Charles Anderson reports on why, and how many struggle to cope.
Kiwis face power bills up to 10 per cent higher from today, but more increases could be on the way – news that leaves battling consumers "sick to the stomach".
State-owned grid operator Transpower is embarking on a massive network upgrade, but distribution companies face their own issues with maintaining their lines.
Struggling families are running out of ways to make savings – and even middle income earners are looking for budgeting help with power.
The situation has prompted an electricity lobby group to warn that the dynamic of rising prices and static incomes is unsustainable.
Power providers across the board have announced increases because Transpower, which owns the grid, has passed on the costs of upgrading its infrastructure. These projects are expected to continue for the next three years.
But consumer advocates and industry insiders say the distribution companies that supply retailers have their own problems with maintaining their lines.
"The issue with Transpower is only part of the network story," said Molly Melhuish of the Domestic Energy Users' Network.
"Most lines companies are not as well maintained, therefore they will need local upgrades as well."
That cost would then be passed on to consumers, many of whom were already struggling to pay their bills.
A Sunday Star-Times survey found that the increases would affect almost every respondent's household budget, and a majority said they would have to make sacrifices.
Gloria Ruru from Nelson said that the family's monthly power bill was now up to $500. That, on top of a mortgage, was starting to strain the budget.
"It's a huge chunk."
Her daughter has an obsessive compulsive disorder around cleaning and it was difficult to monitor how much hot water she would use because Ruru and her husband Harvey worked fulltime.
Ruru said the family had cut back on food and going out and had tried to limit how much heating they used.
"I don't know how other people manage if they don't have good incomes."
Today's price rises in the main regions are expected to be about 5 per cent. Residents of the Far North are likely to face the biggest increase, 10 per cent, or an extra $150 or more a year for heavy users.
Most survey respondents said they would have to cut back on holidays, entertainment and luxury food items in order to pay the bills.
"Groceries will have to be carved back because there's no money in my budget now for things like clothing or holidays. Everything else is as pared back as it can be," said one single mother on an average wage. She and her children slept in the same room to minimise heating.
"I feel really sick to the stomach about this."
Powershop chief executive Ari Sargent compared Transpower's most recent project to upgrading State Highway 1, which had not had significant work since the 1960s.
"I suspect some of the distribution companies are in a similar state. They haven't had any major upgrades."
Federation of Family Budgeting Services Raewyn Fox said she had seen an increasing number of people from middle incomes coming in for advice on how to manage their power bills. Those on lower incomes were terrified of falling further behind in their bills and their power being disconnected.
"Power prices are such a barrier anyway and any increase makes it unbearable."
A pensioner said he and his wife could not think what else they could give up out of their bills.
"It's a struggle every fortnight just to live."
Residential electricity prices rose by 48 per cent in real terms between 2000 and 2011. Research from the University of Otago's Housing and Health Research Programme found that the number of New Zealanders experiencing "fuel poverty" rose from around 10 per cent in 2003 to 25 per cent by 2008.
In contrast, median hourly earnings for those in paid employment last year showed the lowest annual growth rate since 2000.
Sargent said that although some power companies had absorbed the cost increase, that would only be temporary.
"Ultimately all retailers face those costs ... they are unavoidable."
Elizabeth Anglesey, the communications manager for King Country network operator the Lines Company, said there had already been contention in a policy to charge to customers with holiday houses even if they were not at home.
"We recognised if we didn't do something different we wouldn't have an infrastructure."
Canterbury based network operator Orion already had issues with repairing its system after the Christchurch earthquake.
The company was facing $70 million of direct earthquake costs for repairs while its revenues had shrunk 10 per cent with the closure of the central business district.
Consumer New Zealand chief executive Sue Chetwin said many New Zealanders had been complacent about their choice of power supplier, but they were starting to realise that there was usually a cheaper option available.
Almost 500,000 Kiwis have visited the Electricity Authority website, whatsmynumber.co.nz, to see if they were paying more for power than they should. The total potential savings were more than $70m.
Nearly 36,000 customers changed their electricity provider in February, often to smaller firms, the highest number for the month since the Electricity Authority began recording the data 12 years ago.
"Some households can save in the hundreds," Chetwin said.
She would like to see more competition in the marketplace to help keep prices down.
Consumer NZ also runs a website, powerswitch.org.nz, which lets customers see if they are getting the cheapest deal, and when power companies last put their prices up.
A 2009 ministerial review into power prices estimated that residential consumers could save on average $100 a year by switching to the cheapest available retailer. It also noted that "consumer switching puts real pressure on retailers to improve their offerings".
But Melhuish said the whole system was becoming unacceptable.
"Nobody can guess, when a balloon breaks, which bit is going to go. There are increasing power prices and no increasing income. I don't think it's stable."
- Sunday Star Times
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Just wondering if anyone knows why its taking so long for this map to be posted on the forum? is it cause no ones shared it yet or tomtom hasnt released it yet. Thanks, nike_sens
They are usually some of the first to appear so it does seem odd, I was going to post the same question.

subset: commoncrawl


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We stopped in here for an afternoon snack. Not much food available. No Nasi Goreng, Mei Goreng, no avocado,the list goes on and service very slow. I just wish they had told us it wasn't a good time and we could have come back another time.
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We stopped in here for an afternoon snack. Not much food available. No Nasi Goreng, Mei Goreng, no avocado,the list goes on and service very slow. I just wish they had told us it wasn't a good time and we could have come back another time.
As the title says - staff were really attentive. Lovely place to eat - food good and well priced. I had a burger - I was missing home - and it hit the spot nicely. Cocktails great - especially at basically half price during happy hour (3-7pm). Definitely worth a visit.
we came back to Coriander as we enjoyed our previous visit 5 years ago. The owner may have changed but we still enjoyed a great seafood dinner. The service is very good and its quite good value for money. We will come back again:)
We were at Coriander more than once because we were happy with the food and the restaurant was very nearby our hotel.
Food and service were good Menu Varied The Price was excellent Close to Hotel Easy to get to and Service was quick
Last year we ate at Coriander most evenings during our week in Sanur. Every night was wonderful and the food was excellent Bali fare. Gave it a rave review then... what a difference a year makes. As we understand it, it was the owner's sister doing most of the great work and looking after the customers, and the owner was... 更多
I've seen some very negative reviews about this little restaurant ... They surprise me........... My visit was a very pleasant dining experience. First greeting was Friendly and welcoming..... The beer was icy and the wife's cocktail enjoyable. The food was beautifully presented ( portion maybe a tad small) and delicious. Well worth a visit !!!!!!!
Really nice food although quite small portions, was enough tho as we had an entree, just as well, beautifully presented food, cocktails are nice as well, staff very friendly will try again next time in Bali
We were a party of 7 dining for dinner. The fans by our table were not able to be directed our way which meant we were all very hot and uncomfortable. We were not told initially that there was no seafood whatsoever available so half the party had to then go through the menu a second time to decide what... 更多
Went there with my girlfriend tonight and had a great meal. I had the red chicken curry which was very nice. Perfectly cooked chicken, spicy and with great flavours. It could have done with a little more salt but that is just my personal taste. My partner had the sweet and sour chicken dish that she was happy with. Add... 更多
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- Eight named to do Test duty against India
- Banetse has his eye on Umpetha Challenge podium
- Continental honours for Kimberley's Fitzpatrick
- Harris home on a high after three victories on the trot
- Golden boy Hamman on the mend after surgery
- Hartley's Dusi buildup gathers pace
- World's top teams head for SA
- Sunshine Ladies Tour starts fourth season in January
- Weber wins SA's final gold medal of African Champs
- Tough going in Tongyeong for SA's Radford
Extended voting for official opening ceremony kit
- Updated: May 30, 2012
The South African public are reminded of the extended deadline to vote on the official kit that Team South Africa will proudly wear at the Opening Ceremony for this year's London Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Following the successful voting earlier this year of Chukuru as Team South Africa's mascot for the 2012 Olympics and Paralympic Games and beyond, the nation was invited to help choose the official kit.
Voting was initially scheduled to close on May 18 but the public has been given a further opportunity to make their choice and now have until Tuesday, 5 June, 2012 to get their votes in.
South Africa's Olympic governing body SASCOC sent out a tender to the top fashion designers around the country for proposals to design the kit. Criteria for the creation of the designs were that the outfits must be proudly South African, for males and females (two separate garments if required), as well as being comfortable.
The nation's leading fashion houses responded extremely well to the task and more than 20 designers submitted entries, with some of them entering more than one design. Earlier in May, an expert judging panel met in Johannesburg to trim the entries down to a maximum of six designs.
Among the judging panel were Miss South Africa Melinda Bam, retired soccer ace and Team South Africa Ambassador, Lucas Radebe, former athlete and also a Team SA ambassador Geraldine Pillay, television personality Carol Tshabalala as well as fashion expert Grant Blackbeard. Also having their input from the current crop of sports stars were 2008 Olympian and 2012 Olympic Games qualifier Rene Kalmer (marathon) and wheelchair tennis player Lucas Sithole.
The following six top-notch outfit proposals were chosen from those submitted:
Colleen Eitzen
Craig Native
Gert Johan
JJ Schoeman
Leigh Schubert
The public are still able to vote on-line through the YOU, Drum, Huisgenoot, SuperSport and SABC websites. They can vote through the medium of SMS lines until 5 June .
The opening ceremony of the Olympics and Paralympics are spectacular occasions, watched by billions of people around the globe and South Africa will be hoping to wow the world with their Proudly South Africa fashion statement.


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During maximal exercise, ventilation-perfusion inequality increases, especially in athletes. The mechanism remains speculative. We hypothesized that, if interstitial pulmonary edema is involved, prolonged exercise would result in increasing ventilation-perfusion inequality over time by exposing the pulmonary vascular bed to high pressures for a long duration. The response to short-term exercise was first characterized in six male athletes [maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) = 63 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1] by using 5 min of cycling exercise at 30, 65, and 90%V˙o 2 max. Multiple inert-gas, blood-gas, hemodynamic, metabolic rate, and ventilatory data were obtained. Resting log SD of the perfusion distribution (log SDQ˙) was normal [0.50 ± 0.03 (SE)] and increased with exercise (log SDQ˙ = 0.65 ± 0.04, P < 0.005), alveolar-arterial O2 difference increased (to 24 ± 3 Torr), and end-capillary pulmonary diffusion limitation occurred at 90%V˙o 2 max. The subjects recovered for 30 min, then, after resting measurements were taken, exercised for 60 min at ∼65%V˙o 2 max. O2 uptake, ventilation, cardiac output, and alveolar-arterial O2difference were unchanged after the first 5 min of this test, but log SDQ˙ increased from 0.59 ± 0.03 at 5 min to 0.66 ± 0.05 at 60 min (P < 0.05), without pulmonary diffusion limitation. Log SDQ˙ was negatively related to total lung capacity normalized for body surface area (r = −0.97,P < 0.005 at 60 min). These data are compatible with interstitial edema as a mechanism and suggest that lung size is an important determinant of the efficiency of gas exchange during exercise.
- multiple inert-gas elimination technique
- interstitial pulmonary edema
humans, particularly athletes, experience pulmonary limitations to gas exchange during heavy exercise (3, 14) manifested by an increase in the alveolar-arterial difference for O2(A-aDo 2) and arterial hypoxemia (3, 9, 19). Ventilation-perfusion (V˙a/Q˙) inequality increases during short-term (∼5 min) maximal exercise (5, 9) and contributes to as much as 60% of the A-aDo 2 (9).
The cause of worseningV˙a/Q˙ relationships with exercise is unknown, but interstitial pulmonary edema resulting from high pressures in the pulmonary vascular bed is the most attractive explanation. Evidence that interstitial pulmonary edema develops during exercise includes the observation of a significant reduction in lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dl CO) (15) and vital capacity after exercise, without a corresponding reduction in expiratory flow rates (17). Additionally, pig lungs show an increase in perivascular edema on histological examination (16) in exercised animals, compared with resting controls. Interstitial pulmonary edema would be expected to affect gas exchange in the lung by reducing the compliance of alveoli and by compressing small blood vessels, resulting in nonuniform air-flow and blood-flow distribution in the lung. In support of this idea,V˙a/Q˙ inequality persists into recovery from heavy exercise, even after ventilation and cardiac output have returned to normal (17), and subjects who have previously suffered from high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) have both higher pulmonary arterial pressures (PAPs) and greaterV˙a/Q˙ inequality during sea-level exercise than do control subjects (4, 13). However, direct evidence of interstitial edema in humans with exercise-induced increases in V˙a/Q˙inequality remains to be demonstrated.
We hypothesized that, if interstitial pulmonary edema is the cause ofV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise, then prolonged submaximal exercise, by increasing the duration of the pulmonary vascular bed exposure to high pressures, would likely result in greaterV˙a/Q˙ inequality than that observed with ∼5 min of exercise at the same intensity. We therefore compared, in well-trained athletes, the effects on pulmonary gas exchange of 5 min of exercise at ∼65% of maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) to effects of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of exercise at the same intensity, using the multiple inert-gas elimination technique.
This study was approved by the Human Subjects Committee of the University of California, San Diego. Six men were recruited by advertisement and agreed to further study, after giving informed consent. All were healthy, nonsmoking competitive cyclists or triathletes, with a negative medical history.
Preliminary Screening
Screening history and physical examination were performed, and the subjects were screened for cardiovascular (12-lead electrocardiogram), pulmonary (chest X-ray, spirometry, Dl CO), and hematological (complete blood count) abnormalities. To determine the appropriate workloads for the exercise tests,V˙o 2 max was determined on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Excaliber, Quinton Instruments, Gronigen, the Netherlands) equipped with a racing saddle and the subject's own pedals. After a 10- to 15-min warm-up at a self-selected workload and a 5-min warm-up at 150 W, the subjects rode a progressive exercise test (30 W/min) until they were unable to continue. Heart rate was monitored by cardiac monitor (Lifepak 6, Physio-control, Redmond, WA). The subjects breathed through a non-rebreathing valve (2700, Hans-Rudolph, Kansas City, MO). Expired gas was sampled continuously from a heated mixing chamber, and O2 and CO2 concentrations were measured (mass spectrometer 1100, Perkin-Elmer, Pomona, CA). Expired gas flow was measured by using a pneumotach (no. 3, Fleisch) and differential pressure transducer (DP45–14, Validyne, Northridge, CA), and the electrical signals from the mass spectrometer and the pneumotach were logged at 100 Hz by using a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter. Minute ventilation (V˙e), O2 consumption (V˙o 2), and CO2 production were calculated by using a commercially available software package (Consentius Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT).V˙o 2 max was considered to be the average of the four highest consecutive 15-s measurements ofV˙o 2. These results were used to calculate workloads that represented ∼30, 65, and 90% of the subject's V˙o 2 max.
Subject Preparation
The next morning the subjects returned to the laboratory for further study. The subjects were instructed to ingest a liquid-only breakfast before insertion of the catheters. All catheters were placed by using a sterile technique with the subject under local anesthesia, and the subject was monitored by electrocardiogram by a physician who directed his attention exclusively to the subject. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation drugs and intubation equipment were available at all times. The standard catheter arrangement used by our laboratory for inert-gas studies has been described previously (4). A 20-gauge arterial cannula was placed in the radial artery of the nondominant hand for blood sampling and arterial pressure. A sterile rapid-response (<0.1 s) thermistor (18T, Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, NJ) was placed, by using a sterile technique, through the injection hub into the lumen of a small-volume (0.6 ml) extension set T (Abbott Hospitals, North Chicago, IL), which was flushed with saline and connected to the arterial cannula. This placed the thermistor into the flowing bloodstream when arterial blood was sampled, and the peak deflection of the temperature was used as the arterial blood temperature. This allowed us to use a smaller (5-F) Swan-Ganz catheter during the study, because a thermodilution catheter was not required. The catheter was introduced percutaneously into the basilic vein and manipulated into the pulmonary artery for sampling mixed venous blood and measuring PAP and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP). An 18-gauge intravenous catheter was placed in a vein of the dominant forearm for infusion of the inert-gas mixture.
Exercise and Data-Collection Protocol
The study took place in two parts. In the first part (short protocol), the hemodynamic and pulmonary gas-exchange responses to exercise were characterized by using the usual exercise protocol from our laboratory (13, 17). In the second part (long protocol), we measured the hemodynamic and pulmonary gas-exchange responses to 1 h of submaximal exercise targeted at a workload designed to elicit a constantV˙o 2 of ∼65%V˙o 2 max. However, in most subjects, minor (∼20 W) reductions in workload were required during the initial 10 min to ensure a constantV˙o 2 and completion of the 60 min of exercise. Each set of measurements (described below) consisted of arterial and pulmonary arterial blood gases, arterial and mixed expired inert gases, and metabolic and hemodynamic measurements. The subject was seated on the bicycle for 20 min and breathed through the mouthpiece for 10 min before the start of the resting measurements. After these were obtained, the short exercise protocol was begun. This protocol consisted of 5 min at workloads producing ∼30, 65, and 90%V˙o 2 max. Data were collected in the last 2 min at each exercise level. The subject was allowed to recover for at least 30 min and then was again seated on the bicycle before a second set of resting measurements was taken, as described above. Then the long exercise protocol was initiated. The subject was exercised at the power output that elicited ∼65%V˙o 2 maxduring the V˙o 2 maxtesting. Data were collected at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of exercise.
Multiple Inert-Gas Measurements
The multiple inert-gas technique was applied in the usual manner (5). The inert-gas solution was prepared in 5% dextrose and infused for ∼20 min before collection of the resting samples in both exercise protocols. During the short exercise protocol, the rate of the infusion was increased at the onset of each new workload to a rate (in ml/min) equal to one-fourth of the expected V˙e(l/min). Because of the relatively long duration of the long protocol (60 min) and the high infusate flow rate (20 ml/min) required to match the high ventilation during exercise, the inert-gas infusion was turned on 5 min before the collection of each exercise sample (see below) and turned off immediately afterward to minimize the fluid load to the subject. Because the pulmonary blood flow and ventilation are both extremely high, even during submaximal exercise, 5 min of infusion are sufficient to ensure steady-state conditions during exercise (seediscussion). The total volume of fluid infused during the course of the study was ∼1 liter over ∼2.5 h, which is hemodynamically insignificant for athletes exercising to this extent.
Quadruplicate 15-ml samples of mixed expired gas and duplicate 6-ml samples of arterial blood were obtained in gas-tight syringes at each sampling time for measurement of the steady-state concentrations of the six inert gases (sulfur hexafluoride, ethane, cyclopropane, enflurane, ether, and acetone) by using a gas chromatograph (5890A, Hewlett-Packard, Wilmington, DE) (22). Mixed venous concentrations of the inert gases were calculated from the measured cardiac output (see below) and arterial and mixed expired concentrations by using the Fick principle. V˙a/Q˙distributions were obtained by using the multiple inert-gas elimination technique in the usual fashion: namely, solubilities, retentions (R = ratio of arterial to mixed venous partial pressure), and excretions (E = ratio of mixed expired to mixed venous partial pressure) for the inert gases were determined and corrected for body temperature, and V˙a/Q˙distributions were calculated from the inert-gas data (22, 23). The second moment of the perfusion distribution, exclusive of intrapulmonary shunt [log SD of the perfusion distribution (log SDQ˙)], and the second moment of the ventilation distribution, exclusive of dead space [log SD of the ventilation distribution (log SDV˙)] are used as indicators of the degree ofV˙a/Q˙ inequality (i.e., the greater the log SDQ˙ or the log SDV˙, the greater the V˙a/Q˙ inequality). The residual sum of squares was used as an indicator of the adequacy of fit of the data to the 50-compartment model of the lung (21).
Hemodynamic Measurements
The pressure transducers (P23 ID, Statham, Oxnard, CA) were zeroed to the level of the right atrium, and calibration was checked before each measurement. Mean arterial pressure, PAP, and PAOP were recorded on a strip-chart recorder (model 200, Gould, Valleyview, OH) immediately before each set of inert-gas measurements. Cardiac output was calculated from the mixed venous and arterial blood contents and measured V˙o 2 by using the Fick principle.
Blood-Gas Measurements
Two milliliters of arterial and mixed venous samples were collected immediately after each inert-gas arterial sample and maintained on ice until they were analyzed for , , and pH by using an IL1306 (Instrumentation Laboratories, Lexington, MA) blood-gas analyzer. In each sample, hemoglobin and O2saturation were measured by using an IL282 CO-oximeter (Instrumentation Laboratories), and hematocrit was determined. The blood gases were corrected to blood temperature.
Immediately after the end of the second exercise test, the catheters were removed, and pulmonary function tests were repeated (mean time to onset of repeat pulmonary function testing = 34 ± 2.5 min). These involved measurement of static lung volumes, a flow-volume curve, and Dl CO.
Statistical Analyses
ANOVA for repeated measures (SuperANOVA version 1.11, Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA) was used to statistically test changes in the dependent variables over the duration of the exercise tests. For the 1-h test, preplanned contrasts were used to compare the changes in the major dependent variables during the course of the exercise test. Significance was accepted at P < 0.05, two tailed. Data are presented as means ± SE throughout.
General Data
All subjects tolerated the study well. The subjects averaged 27.1 ± 1.7 yr of age, 177.7 ± 2.3 cm in height, and 74.7 ± 3.2 kg in weight. The subjects were well-trained aerobic athletes, as evidenced by their V˙o 2 max, which averaged 63 ± 7 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, and peak power output (415 ± 5 W). Pulmonary function data are given in Table 1. All the pulmonary function data were within normal limits. After exercise, there was a small (6%) but significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the Dl CO, without any other change in pulmonary function.
Short Protocol
Metabolic rate and hemodynamic data.
V˙o 2, cardiac output, and PAP data are given in Fig. 1. Cardiac output and ventilation are given in Table 2. During the short protocol, the exercise intensities produced were 38% (light exercise), 63% (moderate exercise), and 92% (heavy exercise) of V˙o 2 max, close to the targets of 30, 65, and 90%, respectively. PAP rose significantly from rest (14.0 ± 1.3 mmHg) to light exercise (23.4 ± 3.8 mmHg) but did not change significantly with increasing workload thereafter (24.8 ± 5.6 mmHg during heavy exercise). We were able to obtain a complete set of PAOP measurements on three of our subjects. PAOP increased significantly (P < 0.0001) with increasing exercise intensity, from 7.5 ± 1.4 mmHg at rest to 20.3 ± 3.1 mmHg at the end of heavy exercise. In these three subjects, PAP increased from 15 ± 0.6 to 32 ± 6.1 mmHg at the same times. Calculated pulmonary vascular resistance was reduced from 88 to 40 dyn ⋅ s ⋅ cm−5during heavy exercise; this change was not significant (P = 0.07), likely because of the small number of subjects (n = 3) with complete data.
Pulmonary gas exchange.
Arterial blood gases during the short protocol are given in Fig.2, and inert-gas data are given in Fig.3 and Table 2. There was a significant drop in arterial ( ) with increasing exercise intensity (P < 0.05), from 105 ± 5 Torr at rest to 91 ± 3 Torr during heavy exercise. There was no evidence of exercise-induced hypoxemia, as hemoglobin saturations were >93% at all times during the test. The A-aDo 2widened progressively with increasing exercise intensity and reached 24 ± 3 Torr during heavy exercise. There was a significant increase inV˙a/Q˙inequality (as measured by the log SDQ˙ and log SDV˙) with increasing exercise intensity (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). The log SDQ˙increased from 0.50 ± 0.03 at rest to 0.65 ± 0.04 at the end of heavy exercise. This was a consistent observation among individuals, and all subjects had an increase in log SDQ˙ equal to 1 SD of the group mean value above their initial resting value. The log SDQ˙ was negatively related to total lung capacity normalized for body size at rest (r = −0.77,P = 0.07) and during light (r = −0.74,P = 0.09), moderate (r = −0.85,P < 0.05), and heavy exercise (r = −0.90,P < 0.05; see Fig.4). The log SDQ˙ was not significantly correlated with ventilation (r = 0.16, 0.11, 0.50, and 0.10 at rest and during light, moderate, and heavy exercise, respectively; allP > 0.05), ventilation normalized for body size, or arterial ( ) (r = 0.63, 0.47, 0.43, and 0.71 at rest and during light, moderate, and heavy exercise, respectively; allP > 0.05) at any single exercise intensity. The log SDQ˙ was also not significantly correlated with cardiac index or PAP.
A-aDo 2 was predicted for each subject based on the observedV˙a/Q˙ distribution and intrapulmonary shunt and assuming diffusion equilibrium (19). During heavy exercise, the measured A-aDo 2 was significantly greater (by 9 ± 3 Torr) than that predicted from the inert gases, suggesting pulmonary diffusion limitation (although extrapulmonary shunt cannot be excluded).
Long Protocol
Metabolic rate and hemodynamic data.
Before the onset of the 1-h protocol, heart rate was elevated from 62 ± 5 beats/min (resting heart rate before any exercise) to 87 ± 5 beats/min. However, there were no significant differences inV˙o 2, cardiac output, or PAP compared with the resting measurements obtained before the short protocol. The average exercise intensity sustained during the long protocol produced a V˙o 2 of 3.0 l/min, which was 65%V˙o 2 max.V˙o 2, cardiac output, PAP and PAOP during the 1-h protocol are given in Fig.5. Cardiac output and ventilation are given in Table 3. There were no significant changes in V˙o 2, ventilation, or cardiac output during the exercise test. However, the small (17 W) reduction in power output required to maintain a constantV˙o 2 over the course of the exercise test was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Heart rate increased significantly from 155 ± 4 beats/min at 5 min to 168 ± 4 beats/min at the end of 60 min of exercise (P < 0.0001), with a corresponding decrease in stroke volume (P < 0.05). PAP increased from 14.0 ± 1.1 mmHg at rest to 30.6 ± 3.2 mmHg at 5 min of exercise. There was a subsequent decrease in PAP to 26.1 ± 4 mmHg by 15 min of exercise (P < 0.05) and no significant change thereafter. There were corresponding changes in PAOP (n = 3). PAOP increased from rest (8.3 ± 1.8 mmHg) to exercise (P < 0.005) with a peak at 5 min (18.3 ± 2.6 mmHg). There was a significant decrease from 5 to 15 min to 15.3 ± 2.4 mmHg (P < 0.05) and no significant change thereafter. Pulmonary vascular resistance was 96 dyn ⋅ s ⋅ cm−5at rest; there were no systematic changes with exercise, and the pulmonary vascular resistance ranged from 56 to 72 dyn ⋅ s ⋅ cm−5throughout the duration of the exercise test.
Pulmonary gas exchange.
Arterial blood gases during the 1-h test are given in Fig.6, and inert-gas data are given in Fig.7 and Table 3. At rest, and were not significantly different from the resting values obtained before the short exercise protocol. PAP and the log SDQ˙ and log SDV˙ were also not different from the first resting measurements. There was a small but significant decrease in from rest to exercise, and then a progressive increase throughout the 1-h test, with a decrease in indicating increasing alveolar ventilation. The A-aDo 2 was increased to 10 ± 3 Torr by the first 5 min of the prolonged exercise test and did not change further as the test continued.
Overall, there was a significant increase inV˙a/Q˙ inequality from rest to the first 5 min of exercise (P < 0.005), and the log SDQ˙ continued to increase as the exercise test continued; log SDQ˙ and log SDV˙ were significantly greater at the end of 60 min of exercise than after 5 min (P < 0.05). However, log SDQ˙ and log SDV˙ were less at the 30-min time point than at any other time during exercise (P < 0.05 andP < 0.005, respectively). The log SDQ˙ at the end of 1 h of exercise was closely correlated with the log SDQ˙ during exercise at 90% V˙o 2 max(r = 0.93,P < 0.01). The log SDQ˙ was significantly negatively related to total lung capacity normalized for body size at rest (r = −0.90,P < 0.05) and at 5 min (r = −0.93,P < 0.01), 45 min (r = −0.94,P < 0.005), and 60 min (r = −0.97,P < 0.005; see Fig.8). The log SDQ˙ was not significantly correlated with ventilation (r = 0.67, 0.29, 0.47, 0.61, and 0.31 for 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of exercise, respectively; allP > 0.05), ventilation normalized for body size, or (r = 0.70, 0.33, 0.18, 0.36, and 0.38 for 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of exercise, respectively; allP > 0.05) at any time point. The log SDQ˙ was not significantly correlated with cardiac index or PAP. There was no evidence for the development of intrapulmonary shunting, areas of lowV˙a/Q˙ ratio, or end-capillary pulmonary diffusion limitation at any point during the prolonged exercise test. Thus the increase in log SDQ˙ reflected a slight broadening of theV˙a/Q˙ distribution and not the development of lung units with extremely low or highV˙a/Q˙ ratios.
This study shows thatV˙a/Q˙ inequality increases slightly but significantly with increasing exercise duration during prolonged submaximal exercise in athletes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure in humans the effects of prolonged submaximal exercise on pulmonary gas exchange by using the multiple inert-gas elimination technique. The increase inV˙a/Q˙ inequality occurs despite constant V˙o 2, cardiac output, and slightly decreasing PAPs. We did not find evidence for the development of end-capillary pulmonary diffusion limitation over the 1 h of the prolonged exercise test.
V˙a/Q˙ Inequality and Exercise
We found an increase inV˙a/Q˙ inequality with both exercise tests in all six subjects. This is in keeping with data previously obtained in a similar group of athletes (9) and in contrast to the lower incidence found in subjects who are less aerobically fit (6, 17). We observed an increase in the log SDQ˙ and the log SDV˙ with increasing exercise duration without a corresponding increase in the A-aDo 2. This is because of the overall shift in meanV˙a/Q˙ ratio with increasing exercise duration toward a higherV˙a/Q˙ ratio, as alveolar ventilation increased slightly while cardiac output was constant. Therefore, although the overallV˙a/Q˙ distributions are broader, the perfusion of relatively lowV˙a/Q˙ areas is not increased and the overall A-aDo 2 is not changed.
The cause of increasedV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise is presently unknown. Interstitial pulmonary edema, resulting from rapid transcapillary fluid flux in excess of the lymphatic drainage capacity of the lung, is the most attractive possibility because 1)V˙a/Q˙ inequality is exaggerated in extreme hypobaric hypoxia (24);2) it is improved with 100% O2 breathing (6), which would be expected to decrease both PAP and driving pressure for fluid flux; and3) there is no evidence of bronchoconstriction, despite moderately severeV˙a/Q˙inequality. AlsoV˙a/Q˙ inequality persists after exercise, even after ventilation and cardiac output have returned to normal (17). Possible alternate mechanisms include heterogeneity of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (10), reduction of gas mixing in large airways (20), or heterogeneity because of increased ventilation alone. The data in the present study do not allow any direct examination of the first possibility. However, the data do not support reduction in gas mixing or increased ventilation as a cause of the increasedV˙a/Q˙ inequality, because there was no correlation between ventilation, ventilation normalized for lung size, or and the log SDQ˙ at any exercise level.
We hypothesized that, if interstitial pulmonary edema were the cause of the increasedV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise, prolonged exercise might exacerbate theV˙a/Q˙ inequality, by increasing the duration of the exposure of the pulmonary vascular bed to increased pulmonary vascular pressures. This, in turn, could lead to increased filtration of fluid across the capillary endothelium in excess of the capacity of lymphatic drainage, resulting in interstitial pulmonary edema. The results of this study lend support to this possible mechanism but, of course, are not proof of this hypothesis.
The log SDQ˙ at the end of prolonged submaximal exercise was closely correlated with the log SDQ˙ during heavy exercise (between subjects). Thus susceptible individuals can develop an increase inV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise, either by exposure to short-term, very heavy exercise or by prolonged exercise at a lower intensity. The extent of the increasedV˙a/Q˙ inequality is very similar within individuals, regardless of which of these two types of exercise is used. The log SDQ˙ at the end of the prolonged test was not greater than that observed during heavy exercise. Such a comparison does not allow for the effect (if any) of previous exercise on V˙a/Q˙matching, because the order of these two types of exercise was not randomized. The log SDQ˙ was significantly (P < 0.05) lower after the first 5 min of the prolonged exercise test than it was after 5 min at the same intensity in the first (short) exercise test.
Total Lung Capacity andV˙a/Q˙ Inequality
Total lung capacity, normalized for body size, was negatively related to the log SDQ˙ at rest and during both types of exercise. Although the sample size in our study is small, this relationship merits discussion because it is so striking. The correlation between lung size andV˙a/Q˙ inequality is present at rest and becomes more marked during exercise. Under both exercising conditions, the slope of the relationship is accentuated, compared with rest, suggesting that exercise per se may have an additional effect on the relationship between lung size andV˙a/Q˙ inequality. Although we can only speculate as to the reason for this finding, it may indicate intrinsic differences in the lungs of those individuals susceptible to increasedV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise. Possibly, individuals with a smaller relative lung size may also have smaller airways and blood vessels. If this were the case, any small regional inhomogeneity in the distribution of air flow and blood flow could be accentuated in these individuals, both at rest and during exercise. Recent studies of HAPE-susceptible subjects and normal controls (4, 13) found both a greater forced vital capacity and lessV˙a/Q˙ inequality with sea level exercise in control subjects compared with HAPE-susceptible individuals, suggesting that this finding is not limited to the present study.
Alveolar-End-Capillary Diffusion Limitation
During the short-term exercise test, our subjects had a greater A-aDo 2 than predicted from the inert gases at 90 but not at 60 or 30%V˙o 2 max. This suggests pulmonary diffusion limitation (19) at 90%V˙o 2 max. Extrapulmonary shunts (bronchial circulation, thebesian veins) cannot be completely excluded but are unlikely (19). We did not find evidence of alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation in our subjects during the prolonged exercise test. This is not surprising, because significant alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation in humans during normobaric normoxic exercise has been shown to occur only during short-term, near-maximal exercise (6, 9) and is most likely related to rapid pulmonary transit times (8). As mentioned previously, we did not see evidence for alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation at the sameV˙o 2 (65%V˙o 2 max) during short-term exercise.
Some authors have suggested that the potential effect of interstitial pulmonary edema on pulmonary gas exchange would be an alteration in the structure of the blood-gas barrier, resulting in alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation and an increase in the A-aDo 2 (1,2, 11, 12). The main evidence cited in support of this idea has been the observation of a small reduction in Dl CO after exercise of varying duration and intensities (11, 12, 15). In the present study, we observed both an increase inV˙a/Q˙ inequality during prolonged exercise and a reduction in the Dl CO after exercise but, as previously stated, no associated increase in the alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation as measured by the inert gases. Thus all of the increase in A-aDo 2during prolonged exercise is explained byV˙a/Q˙ inequality. Therefore, we think it is unlikely that interstitial pulmonary edema, if it exists, is of sufficient magnitude to affect the diffusion of O2 across the blood-gas barrier. In situations in which interstitial edema does occur, it appears as a cuff around medium-sized airways and blood vessels (16). This would not affect the alveolar-capillary diffusion distance, and the intra-alveolar distance has not been shown to increase (18). More likely, we feel, the effect of any interstitial pulmonary edema on gas exchange would result in increasedV˙a/Q˙ inequality. Interstitial edema fluid would be expected to distort the surrounding architecture of the alveoli and capillary network. Altered airway and blood vessel diameter resulting from the presence of cuffing would affect distribution of air flow and blood flow in the lung. Additionally, alveolar interstitial fluid may alter alveolar compliance with additional impairment of air-flow distribution in the lung.
Recently, Hanel et al. (7) have shown that the reduction in Dl CO1–2 h after exercise is related to a decrease in pulmonary blood volume and a redistribution of central blood flow; this also argues against pulmonary edema per se causing the fall in Dl CO. We did not measure inert gases and blood gases simultaneously with our Dl COmeasurements. However, previous data suggest that, althoughV˙a/Q˙ inequality persists into recovery, it is resolved by 20 min (17) and that there is minimal effect on the A-aDo 2. Also, there is no associated increase in alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation for O2 as measured by the inert gases (17) after the cessation of exercise. Taken together, this information suggests that any interstitial pulmonary edema, if present, is likely to be transient in nature.
Effect of Experimental Design on Study Data
One factor that needs to be addressed is the effect of high fluid-infusion rates necessary for the inert-gas analysis onV˙a/Q˙ inequality and our results. To obtain adequate peak detection of the inert gases in blood and expired air, the inert-gas mixture infusion rate (in ml/min) is ∼0.25 of V˙e (in l/min). During the long exercise protocol, the infusion rate was 20 ml/min. That infusion rate, if continuously run, would result in the administration of ∼1,300 ml of fluid over the prolonged test and 2,000 ml total for the study. By turning the infusion on and off during the prolonged test, we were able to reduce the amount of intravenous fluid to 1,000 ml for the entire study. Given that the subjects exercised for a total of 75 min and were sweating profusely throughout, this amount of fluid is hemodynamically insignificant. In fact, despite the ad libitum consumption of water between protocols and during the prolonged exercise test, there was evidence that our subjects were unable to maintain their central blood volume. Although cardiac output was unchanged, heart rate was increased with increasing exercise time, indicating a reduction in stroke volume over the duration of the prolonged exercise test. Mean arterial pressure was reduced with increasing test duration, consistent with peripheral vasodilation and cardiovascular drift. Thus we feel that it is highly unlikely that the observed increase inV˙a/Q˙ inequality could be caused by fluid overload.
A second point worth discussing is the effects on our results of the intermittent inert-gas infusion during the prolonged exercise test. The inert-gas analysis assumes pulmonary steady-state equilibrium for the inert gases. The time constant for attainment of pulmonary steady state is a function of the ratio of lung gas conductance (V˙a + λQ˙t) to alveolar gas and tissue capacitance (FRC + Vti), whereV˙a is alveolar ventilation, λ is the blood-gas partition coefficient,Q˙t is total blood flow, FRC is functional residual capacity, and Vti is lung tissue volume. With the use of blood flow and ventilation data from Fig. 1 and the measured FRC, and assuming Vti in humans is ∼600 ml, the time to 95% equilibrium is <2 min at rest and <30 s during exercise. Thus 20 min of equilibration at rest and 5 min during exercise are ample for the attainment of pulmonary steady state. In keeping with our calculation, the residual sum of squares averaged <5 at all times, indicating excellent fit of the data to the inert-gas model and the absence of any unexpected errors in data collection.
Pulmonary Hemodynamics
Although PAP was elevated above resting levels throughout the duration of the prolonged exercise test, the highest values occurred during the first 5 min of the prolonged exercise test, with a subsequent significant decrease thereafter (Fig. 5). Thus we observed increasingV˙a/Q˙ inequality during a time when PAP, although elevated above resting levels, was slightly but steadily decreasing. The mean PAP decreased by 8 mmHg between the first 5 and 60 min of prolonged exercise, without a change in cardiac output.
We were able to obtain PAOPs on three of the five subjects who underwent pulmonary arterial catheterization. Particularly with the small (5-Fr) catheters used in this study, it is a difficult balance between having the catheter sufficiently distal to allow PAOP measurement to be obtained and sufficiently proximal to allow blood to be drawn for the cardiac output determinations. There was also a significant decrease in PAOP over the duration of the 1-h test; consequently, the pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged. The decrease in PAOP was associated with a decrease in mean arterial pressure. Taken together, this suggests that, as the duration of exercise continued, mean arterial pressure decreased from peripheral vasodilation. As a consequence, left ventricular filling pressure was likely decreased with a subsequent reduction in both PAOP and PAP.
This study demonstrates that, in athletic subjects who developV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise, the extent ofV˙a/Q˙ inequality is increased with increasing exercise duration up to 1 h. This time course in the face of constant cardiac output and elevated (albeit declining) PAP supports, but does not prove, the hypothesis that interstitial pulmonary edema may be the underlying cause of increasingV˙a/Q˙ inequality with exercise.
We thank our subjects for their enthusiastic participation. The technical assistance of Nick Busan and Jeff Struthers is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank CeCe Echon and the nurses of the University of California, San Diego General Clinical Research Center.
Address for reprint requests: S. R. Hopkins, Dept. of Medicine 0623, Univ. of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093–0623 (E-mail: shopkins{at}ucsd.edu).
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL-17731, HL-07212, and M01-RR-00827. T. P. Gavin was supported in part by National Research Service Award HL-09624.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 1998 the American Physiological Society


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Angela Sarafin, LMFT
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
316 F Street NE, Suite 212, Washington, District of Columbia 20002
I use a primarily cognitive-behavioral approach to psychotherapy because there is a circular relationship between thoughts and actions. At some level everything we do is purposeful but may not be effective. For example, pouting when we were four years old may have unfailingly achieved the goal of getting what we wanted from our parents, but may work against us or may leave us with a sense of disappointment toward the people who give in to our demands. Are you dissatisfied with your relationships or do you feel like you keep attracting abusive, manipulative, or negative people? Psychotherapy can help expose the beliefs that fuel those patterns so you can choose differently.
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Psychotherapy is a shared space between a therapist and client, to spend time on a regular basis exploring challenges, dissatisfaction or dilemmas in the client's life. Psychotherapy is a commitment and takes time. Psychotherapy involves a real relationship between two people. It does not involve physical contact. It does involve both verbal and non-verbal communication and often silence and contemplation. We spend a great deal of our time, trying to be what we think others expect us to be, or trying to be liked, or accepted. We keep much of ourselves hidden from most people, and often hidden from ourselves as well. Without knowing why, we can become unhappy, and sometimes depressed.
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Here's what it comes down to: We all bump/hit/slam into obstacles that hold us back from creating meaningful, vibrant lives. And we all need effective help sometimes. What makes therapy the most effective? (1) The quality of the connection and trust you have with your therapist, and (2) your therapist's level of experience. Helping people get traction to get beyond those obstacles is what I've been doing for more than 20 years, and it's what I love to do. I bring together different approaches to suit your needs, and I'm compassionate, straightforward, and authentic. Let's find out if we'll work well together.
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As winter starts to bite, nothing beats a warming sloe gin sipped slowly in front of a fire. So we've selected the 7 best sloe gins for you to try.
2015 has been a brilliant year for sloes thanks to the wet summer and mild winter. You can still find them on blackthorn bushes so if you hurry you can still make your own sloe gin.
However, the key to a good sloe gin is patience. You need to wait at least 3 months for the fruit flavours to infuse and ideally you want to drink this year's batch of sloe gin, next year. So while you wait we've put together a guide to some of our favourite sloe gins.
For starters, you have to love the name, and it really sums up the patience, care and back to basics approach they take to producing a delicious sloe gin.
Sloemotion are a family business based in Yorkshire with serious green credentials. All their fruit is sustainably grown, harvested locally and they work hard to recycle as much as possible, even using the "spent" fruit to make a range of chocolates.
Sloemotion use a higher proportion than normal of sloes to make their gin which allows it to achieve a really rich, fruity flavour with a strong cherry finish. Idea served neat over ice.
Buy Sloemotion Sloe Gin today. £30 for 70cl
Another key tip for a good sloe gin...use a great gin to start with. Since Hayman's Sloe Gin is based on Hayman's award winning London Dry you'd struggle to find a better gin to start with.
This beautiful, ruby red liqueur is based on an old family recipe, and the Haymans know all about old family recipes, they've been making gin for over a 100 years. This is a strongly sloe-flavoured drink, especially on the nose, with just a hint of cherry in the background.
And at £21.00 for 70cl it's very reasonably priced too. A great Christmas gift for gin lovers.
Buy Hayman's Sloe Gin today. £21.00 for 70cl
The good professor is known for his eccentricity and innovation so not surprisingly his sloe gin is a little bit unusual. Rather than steeping sloes in gin, the sloes are added at the same time as the other botanicals (which include juniper, cinnamon, coriander, cloves and orange peel) in a process called cold compression. The end result is a sloe gin that's closer to gin in flavour and mouth-feel than a normal sloe gin-liqueur. That makes it great to use in cocktails that call for sloe gin.
It's also positively bursting with Christmas flavours thanks to the botanicals chosen and, like all the good professor's creations, comes in a beautiful bottle that's almost as great as the gin inside it.
Buy Professor Ampleforth's Bathtub Sloe Gin today. £25.00 for 50cl
Sipsmith were really the guys who got the small batch artisanal gin revival going. They were the first to apply for a license to distil gin in London for almost 200 years and their London Dry is simply one of the best gins in the world. So, unsurprisingly, they make a very nice sloe gin.
Sipsmith Sloe has a gorgeous taste of redcurrants and ripe winter fruits with just a hint of soft cherry and an overall, well rounded fruitiness. This pairs really well with a cheeseboard, or try it with a lemon tonic for a long drink that's ideal at Christmas parties.
Buy Sipsmith Sloe Gin today. £25.00 for 50cl
Crafted by Master Distiller Joanne Moore, Bloom is inspired by the English countryside. So a sloe gin was a natural evolution of this exquisite gin.
In Sloe Bloom, the sloe flavours take a backseat to almond and kirsch notes before resurging in the aftertaste. Unlike Bloom, which is very delicate, this is rich and full-bodied. A great winter digestif. It's also a limited edition. Definitely one for the gin collector's out there.
Buy Sloe Bloom today. £20.00 for 50cl
More famous for their beer, but Adnams make a beautiful range of spirits too including one of our favourite gins. Their sloe gin is less sweet than most, instead it perfectly balances tart fruit, with warming, jam-like sloe flavours and bitter almond notes. Definitely worth trying, especially if you're a London Dry fan who hasn't made the leap to sloe gins yet.
Buy Adnam's Copperhouse Sloe Gin today. £22.00 for 50cl
Our absolute favourite sloe gin, so much so that we've added it to our Gin Festival in a Box and Gin Festival at Home sets. Addingham Fruit Liqueurs make a fabulous range of drinks infused with locally sourced, picked and foraged natural ingredients from their home in North Yorkshire.
Addingham Fruit Liqueurs Sloe Gin is a classic sloe gin in every regard and we wouldn't change a thing about it. It's delicious on its own or, if you're feeling really festive, try it topped up with a dash of prosecco.
Buy Addingham Fruit Liqueur Sloe Gin today. £25.00 for 50cl
Whether you make your own or order from us, a sloe gin is the perfect drink choice for when the weather is not so perfect. Cheers.
Lucky enough to have a new Gin Festival In A Box? Try using them to make our favourite Gin Festival cocktails at home.
For National Curry Week we wanted to look at pairing curry with gin cocktails, so we visited Indian Street Food bar Bundobust, in Leeds, to see how it's done.
6 O'Clock Gin is our Gin of the Month, so we sat down with Michael Kain, head distiller at Bramley and Gage, to chat about this superb modern gin.
If you are a bit of gin lover or interested in finding a gin that you really like then the Gin Festival would be a perfect event for you.


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Ardmore, Pennsylvania: Luke Donald was joint leader of the US Open on Friday after the second round got underway three hours later than scheduled.
The late start was due to the thunderstorms that slashed over four hours of play from Thursday's first round and left half the 156-strong field stranded out on the course when darkness fell.
Phil Mickelson stayed atop the leaderboard at three-under 67 as the first round was completed Friday morning and it was England's former world number one Donald who made the first move as the second round started.


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COQBULL is a chicken and burger concept with its mouth-watering menu of delicious rotisserie chicken and gourmet beef burgers, as well as an array of tantalising coqtails and local craft beers.
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Most listings are in the $30's per square foot per year. The Lehi region is seeing a a rise in rates. In the last 3 months, the median rate increased $1 per sqft per year. That's a 2% increase in rent.
In the last 90 days, 33 listings have come on the market, which means office spaces might be going fast. You'll want to be prepared to make an offer immediately. About 18% of the available leases in the Lehi are subleases, so you might be able to sign a shorter term by taking over a previous lease. There aren't many listings below 2,000 square feet posted, so finding a space for a small business might be tough.
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Russian Armed Forces to get 6th Varshavyanka sub, missile systems Buk-M2, Buk-M3Military & Defense October 21, 12:58
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GORNO-ALTAISK, January 24 (Itar-Tass) – Twenty-eight settlements with the population of about 5,000 people are still cut off from electricity because of the cyclone bringing wet snow, rain and gale-force winds to the Altai region, the press service of the regional administration reports on Thursday.
Unfavorable weather conditions cause wire breakage of power transmission lines, it said. On Wednesday electricity was cut off to over 200 settlements with the population of more than 20,000 people. Repair brigades restored electricity supply to 184 settlements overnight to Thursday. Repair efforts continue, but strong winds with wet snow and rain cause new problems with electricity supply. Twenty repair teams assisted by 34 units of hardware continue working in the region.
Region's Altaienergo electricity campaign operates in an emergency mode in close cooperation with the regional administration, municipalities, the emergencies ministry and the Main Power Transmission Lines of Siberia. Meanwhile, weathermen say weather conditions won't improve shortly.


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Coral Peña
8,091pages onAdd New Page
this wiki
this wiki
|Spoiler Warning!
This section or page contains pre-release information
regarding 24: Legacy and thus may contain spoilers.
|Coral Peña
|June 1
|Mariana Stiles
Coral Peña (born June 1) is an actress who will play Mariana Stiles, a bright self-taught CTU computer analyst, in 24: Legacy. The character was referred to as "Gia" in initial press releases. Peña's casting was announced on March 4, 2016.
Peña's first screen role was a guest starring role in CBS's Blue Bloods (2015). She also appeared in the short film Drooler (2015).


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Submission + - 2016 Internet Trends (cloudfront.net)
jlaprise1 writes: Mary Meeker of Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers has a new 200+ slide ppt deck out about the state of the Internet. It's well worth a deep dive.
Submission Summary: 0 pending, 5 declined, 0 accepted (5 total, 0.00% accepted)
Do not simplify the design of a program if a way can be found to make it complex and wonderful.


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Content count5,106
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About johnnyrock62000
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Minnesota Vikings
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johnnyrock62000 replied to NajehHejan's topic in Footballguys Free For AllDid you go to their website on your own or through a link in an email? I just cannot imagine a scenario where you have to prove to your phone carrier that you have malware protection on your device. People go on the internet from pc's without antivirus protection all the time. This has to be a scam.
johnnyrock62000 replied to NajehHejan's topic in Footballguys Free For AllSounds like you just gave a scammer answers to security questions that they're going to try to use to hack your actual life. Call Capital One immediately to a phone number on your card or statement and see what's up.
johnnyrock62000 replied to MaxThreshold's topic in Footballguys Free For AllWouldn't it be easier for her to ask around and find the best carrier to be on and let you know?
johnnyrock62000 replied to Timmay's topic in Footballguys Free For AllThis. And it's worded well, because there's no reason to mention that you've been talking to B all along. I would add that if it's a professional job, give 30 days notice if you can, but I realize that you've only been there a few months so that doesn't really apply as much.
johnnyrock62000 replied to gbill2004's topic in Footballguys Free For AllMy advice in the other thread still stands.
johnnyrock62000 replied to KCitons's topic in Footballguys Free For AllTwo weeks ago I went to the Ryder Cup every day but Thursday (Tuesday - Sunday), plus took the day off before and the day off after. Then worked Tuesday - Friday and this past Monday. This week I took Tuesday through next Monday off for my second fishing trip to Ontario, Canada, this year. I'm currently here and leaving Sunday. The first day we fished it was cold and snowing but no big deal because we were dressed for it. I caught the biggest walleye at 26" and the biggest crappie at 14" out of 15 people that day. The next day I had the two largest walleyes at 23" and 23 1/2". The cabin next door to the lodge has a black bear up in a tree. First time I've seen a bear in the wild and I got some pics. Pretty young cub whose Momma was shot, but still cool. Last night I saw the Northern Lights for the first time, mainly green and dancing. Absolutely incredible. So I will have had 17 of the last 22 days off and my birthday is next week too.
Can you believe that was almost 20 years ago?!
Maybe he'll go back to the old Titleist 975D driver.
johnnyrock62000 replied to Opie's topic in Footballguys Free For AllNo more credit card rewards unless Visa/MasterCard/American Express cover it 100%. Retailers are getting screwed and it affects the whole economy. One simple, small fee for retailers and no interchange bs. Consumers win too.
johnnyrock62000 replied to Opie's topic in Footballguys Free For AllNew people qualify for Masters tickets every year.
johnnyrock62000 replied to Opie's topic in Footballguys Free For AllTax churches. Eliminate death taxes.
johnnyrock62000 replied to Judge Smails's topic in Footballguys Free For AllI think you're thinking of Angie's List.
johnnyrock62000 replied to jamny's topic in Footballguys Free For AllI thought Timeless was alright for a pilot. We'll see. Giving it time to develop.
johnnyrock62000 replied to Ned's topic in Footballguys Free For AllGoing to LOW next week for my second Canadian fishing trip this season. Walleyes and crappies. All geared up and ready to go. Added a second St.Croix Avid (7' MLF) to the repertoire.
johnnyrock62000 replied to johnnyrock62000's topic in Footballguys Free For AllI thought we all had a gentlemen's agreement not to use this?


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Revealed: The calorie 'blind spot' millions of us have Family My Kids Celebrity Mums Days Out Things to do Fun stuff You'll never guess who Prince Harry has been partying. More How to Redeem 1) Click 'redeem' 2) Receive your confirmation email from Square Meal with further instructions from Frame Terms & Conditions The ??50 Frame card is valid for 6 months and can be used at either the Shoreditch or Queens Park studios. ) Those same gestures, if alluring enough, are turned into fodder for the culture industry they allegedly defy (I was surprised to see no reference to Thomas Frank here.
It dries hard with a glossy colour that is hardly distinguishable from the surface of the tile itself. by Deyesy by Deyesy 1 day ago 02 Mar 20:22 Replies: 8 Views: 453 12 How to talk to someone by Anonymous by Shiv is Light 1 day ago 02 Mar 20:04 Replies: 12 Views: 212 2 How to get rid of OCD. Wheel chair hire is available and we do request that these are pre booked prior to arrival by calling our Guest Information on 01603 876310.
Exclusively designed for The Conran Shop, the weighted chessmen are housed in a felt lined hand bound tray with a printed leather chessboard as the lid. The ability to transport an audience into a specific location is what characterises some of the more distinctive films around. ??For me,anything would be preferable to the mod ern,shopping mall with its bright,clean,marbled spaces and people wandering around like automata,all SO boring.


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East Dulwich
Centre for Wildlife Gardening
28 Marsden Road, London, SE15 4EE
Sun, 11am-4pm Sun
Sunday 30/11/2014 - 11:00am - 4:00pm
Join the London Wildlife Trust for a celebration of the wonders of winter woodland! Take part in tree and seed games and crafts!
You'll learn how to identify trees in winter, explore our tree trails and join in with tree dressing. This is a fantastic event suitable for all the family, and with local produce and seeds available, it's also a great chance to understand the local area! Come join the Trust for a day of fun outdoor activities, and enjoy our special treat of live music from SELFolk Orchestra! [www.selfolk.co.uk]
This is a free event for everyone, for further details contact Sylvia Myers: firstname.lastname@example.com
Times and prices are subject to change. Contact venue before setting out.
Please login first.


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Given the recent advances in telecommunications and the fact that the French lead the field in many aspects of information technology, this will be a valuable tool for students, translators and interpreters. The author has himself worked for a number of years as a technical translator and the dictionary reflects his knowledge and practical experience. 30, 000 entries in each language cover terminology used in telecommunications, electronics and computer science, and developments in related disciplines such as the design and manufacture of printed circuits and components, installation, testing, maintenance and software programming.cutter; cable stripper coupe-circuit m circuit-breaker; cut-out; short-circuit; fuse; isolator; switch; ~ An fusible safety fuse; ... linking-up; linkage; ganging; mutual induction; ~ acoustique acoustic coupling; ~ auto-inductif auto-inductive coupling; anbsp;...
|French Dictionary of Information Technology
|Terry R. Pyper
|Psychology Press - 1989


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from The Burning Platform:
A new study from the libertarian magazine Reason this week carried with it a pretty striking headline:
"65% of Americans Say Millennials Are 'Entitled,' 58% of Millennials Agree"
It seems that we have an entitlement issue with out young adults — an issue even those young adults wholly admit to.
But perhaps nothing betrays this point like the following chart. Reason and pollster Rupe asked Americans whether kids who participate in youth sports should get trophies just for playing, or only for winning. A strong majority of Americans (57 percent) said only the winners, but then you look at the age breakdown.
Read More @ TheBurningPlatform.comHelp us spread the ANTIDOTE to corporate propaganda.
Please follow SGT Report on Twitter & help share the message.


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Diamond Foxxx is frustrated. The director of the play is mad because her love scene kiss with Kieran isn't believable. They have to go backstage and practice their lines and kiss. She gets in her comfort zone by whipping out her tits. Then she gets down and sucks him.
Download full-length 24min 38sec movie now!
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- Uploaded by dtr76ed
- Duration 4min
- Day of production 2 Dec 2011
- Exclusive video
- Models Diamond Foxxx, Keiran Lee


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320 Tanglewood Lane #259,Hendersonville TN, 37075
3 beds , 2 Full baths
2,383 sq. ft
Status: Pending
Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Woodmont Realty
(615) 661-7800
Last Updated: 10/24/2016 5:35 PM
Description for 320 Tanglewood Lane #259 Hendersonville, TN 37075
$10k INCENTIVE! All Bedrooms Down+HUGE Bonus RM, Open Concept w/ Hardwood! Deluxe Kitchen w/ Granite Oversized Island, Covered Porch! Mudroom! Culdesac Site w/ Open Space Behind! Same plan as Decorated Model!
Durham Farms
Sumner County
2 Full
$10k INCENTIVE! All Bedrooms Down+HUGE Bonus RM, Open Concept w/ Hardwood! Deluxe Kitchen w/ Granite Oversized Island, Covered Porch! Mudroom! Culdesac Site w/ Open Space Behind! Same plan as Decorated Model!
Agent Remarks
Listing Information
Durham Farms
Public Sewer
Underground, Cable TV
School Information
Room Information
1 Master Suite Lower Level
Butler Pantry
Dual Sinks, Separate Tub & Shower
Interior Features
Disposal, Microwave, Dishwasher, Single Oven, Electric Oven, Cook Top Range
Tile, Carpet, Wood
Central Air, Electric
Gas Heat, Central
Slab, No Basement
Smoke Alarm, Foyer
Exterior / Lot Features
2 Garage Spaces, Attached Garage
Fiber Cement
Porch Covered
Composition Shingle
Extra Storage
Financial Considerations
Inside AccessTM
Current market conditions for 320 Tanglewood Lane #259
Active Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median list price$349,900
Days on market81
Properties for sale294
Sold Market Trends
Source:MLS DATA
Median sold price$259,000
Sales to list price99.4%
Properties sold854
Median sq ft price$116
Arrows indicate 90 day trend
Listing Price History for 320 Tanglewood Lane #259
Hendersonville Real Estate
Hendersonville is located in Tennessee. Hendersonville, Tennessee 37075 has a population of 51,500.
The median household income in Hendersonville, Tennessee 37075 is $62,434. The median household income for the surrounding county is $55,560 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Hendersonville 37075 is 38.1 years.
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Check Out the new Remax App
Ask About This Home
This home is a must see as it is in perfect shape and ready to move in. A very well built home with a nice interior finish. The floor plan offers many different areas of comfort. The window features allow good light throughout. Excellent views, great privacy. The many different species of wildlife visit the home on a daily basis..


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Leontine Close,
Peckham SE15
Property description
This well proportioned, recently modernised 3 bedroom split level purpose built maisonette. Offered to the market chain free with direct access to a private garden.
Additional information
- Three bedrooms
- 2 bathrooms
- Kitchen diner
- Private garden
- Split level
- Chain free
- 962 sq. ft.
- EPC Rating D
Local authority
Southwark Borough Council
- Peckham Rye (0.4 miles)
- Queens Road (Peckham) (0.4 miles)


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ECB Unlikely to Set Yield Caps In New Bond Buying - Reuters
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- Wall Street ends little changed; Microsoft hits record
- AT&T (T) in Advanced Talks to Acquire Time Warner (TWX) - DJ
ECB Unlikely to Set Yield Caps In New Bond Buying - Reuters
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Psychic Returns by Nedelle Torrisi
B-Side on "I Love Thousands Every Summer" 7" Released by Thin Wrist Recordings
Directed by Graham Walzer Cinematography by Graham Walzer Edited by Nicholas Krgovich with assistance from Peter Brandt and Francesca Mirabella
Pick and Click one of the menu tabs above for more artist info.
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© 2003-2016 Totally Fuzzy. All rights reserved.
He who joyfully marches in rank and file has already earned my contempt.
He has been given a large brain by mistake, since for him the spinal cord would suffice.(Albert Einstein)


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United KingdomFollowFollowing
What a bold and stunning tree the magnolia is! Lanhydrock garden in Cornwall has the most stunning collection of Magnolias and never fails to inspire in early Spring when the many varieties there are in full bloom. I love creating a multi-layered feel to my paintings, almost as if I'm painting a sculpture, making a 2D subject appear 3D.
This work is unframed, allowing the painting to speak for itself and is ready to hang, making a bold and striking statement on any wall.
Please note that if I send to outside the UK, I will roll the canvas in a tube for ease of transport due to the size.
acrylic ink and Hammerite detail


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Arts, Literature, Performing ArtsFollow
PodCastle is the world's first audio fantasy magazine. Weekly, we broadcast the best in fantasy short stories, running the gammut from heart-pounding sword and sorcery, to strange surrealist tales, to gritty urban fantasy, to the psychological depth of magical realism. Our podcast features authors including Peter Beagle, Benjamin Rosenbaum, Jim C. Hines, and Cat Rambo, among others. Terry Pratchett once wrote, "Fantasy is an exercise bicycle for the mind. It might not take you anywhere, but it tones up the muscles that can." Tune in to PodCastle each Tuesday for our weekly tale, and spend the length of a morning commute giving your imagination a work out.
December 29th, 2015
Episode 136 of 193 episodes
by Brendan Detzner read by Wilson Fowlie First appeared in the short story collectionBeasts, by Brendan Detzner. She was surprised how fast she'd caught herself missing the time that she livedhere. She knew that she and Jessica and Rina had been driving each other crazy allcooped up together, and she remembered climbing up to the […]
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Geeking out on the race to the White House, with POLITICO's Kristin Roberts, Charlie Mahtesian, Ken Vogel, Eli Stokols and Scott Bland.