text:
Mr. Miranda Spits A Freestyle Over Nicolay's "Tight Eyes" Beat
Local mic controller Mr. Miranda isn't one to mince words.
If you don't believe us, check out this little trifling he recently laid down to the head-nodding beat of Nicolay's "Tight Eyes."
Tight Eyes ( Freestyle ) by MrMiranda
"You're not a man homeboy, you're a mannequin," Miranda quips. Sharp words that aren't meant for anyone specifically. "Nah, (it's not meant for) no one in particular, more like a warning shot to anyone who even thinks of coming at me in a negative way."
Upcoming Events
Semi Classical
TicketsSun., Oct. 23, 4:30pm
TicketsMon., Oct. 24, 7:30pm
TicketsTue., Oct. 25, 8:00pm
Five Finger Death Punch & Shinedown
TicketsThu., Oct. 27, 6:00pm
TicketsThu., Oct. 27, 6:30pm
"I'm a huge fan of Nicolay and so this beat of his for his song, "Tight Eyes" has always been one of my favorites, and so it felt right to lay somethin' down to it," he says.
Mr. Miranda and fellow Phoenix emcee Random recently teamed up to drop The Memorandum last month and will be hitting the road later this month in support of the album. You can catch 'em next on January 15, at The Clubhouse in Tempe.
Get the Music Newsletter
Keep your thumb on the local music scene each week with music news, trends, artist interviews and concert listings. We'll also send you special ticket offers and music deals.
In Case You Missed It
Upcoming Events
Reflectionless (CD Release Show)
TicketsSat., Oct. 22, 7:30pm
Keith Urban
TicketsSat., Oct. 22, 7:30pm
Arizona Flute Society's Annual Autumn Affair
TicketsSun., Oct. 23, 4:00pm
"An Evening With Cher, Billy Joel, Celine Dion & Streisand"
TicketsWed., Oct. 26, 7:30pmpowered by goldstar
Popular Stories
Sponsor Content


text:
Puppet's 5th annual State of DevOps Report is here. Download and discover how DevOps practices impact IT and organizational performance from deploying 200x faster to spending 22% less time on unplanned work.Sponsored Listing
- Grouping and Descriptive Categories (13)
- Windows (13)
- Linux (8)
- Modern (8)
- Mac (3)
- Emulation and API Compatibility (2)
Debuggers Software
Hot topics in Debuggers Softwaremingw mingw offline installer lazarus hex to ascii converter gcc msys cell phone call hack software gfortran mingw-w64 apk creator software
MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)2,091,692 weekly downloads
Rapid applications development tool and libraries for FPC13,310 weekly downloads
DUnit: Xtreme Unit Testing for Delphi
DUnit automates unit testing of Delphi code. The target audience for DUnit is developers who are both writing the code to be tested and the unit tests for that code, an approach advocated by Extreme Programming. Dunit is is a Delphi port of JUnit.48 weekly downloads
It's time to re-imagine backup and recovery. Protect your business in the cloud or on premise with powerful backup software that assures recovery of your virtual, physical and cloud data, systems and applications. Experience the difference. Start your free trial today.Sponsored Listing
ASCII Converter
This ASCII converter can convert plain text to hex and back using the standard ASCII character set. Useful for interpreting computer hex codes.53 weekly downloads
Bug Finder
A real Win32 extensible passive debugger1 weekly downloads
Build web apps that scale, create engaging mobile apps, and integrate simply. All app types rely on the scalable and flexible Web App platform which allows developers an optimized full life cycle experience from app design to app maintenance. The App Service capabilities allow developers to focus on their code and reach a stable, highly scalable production state quickly. With the API and Logic App features, developers can build real-world enterprise applications bridging barriers between business solutions as well as on premise to cloud integration.Sponsored Listing
Upgrade your business phone system and save. Our Hosted VoIP service empowers businesses like yours with over 40 built-in features, customizable to your business need. Enhance your productivity and communications easily and effectively. Activation and on boarding is simple, and our support teams and tools are available 24/7. Ready to move to the reliable Vonage Cloud? Speak to a VoIP specialist today.Sponsored Listing
BF Debugger
The BF Debugger Project is an attempt to allow the development of software using the Brainf*** programming language in a GUI development environment, and to provide a platform for the advancement and dissemination of this language.3 weekly downloads
Assembler Laboratory
Assembler Laboratory (ALab) is an assembler IDE. At this moment it resembles a target for an archeological expedition.2 weekly downloads
Moved to Gitorious: http://gitorious.org/mseide-msegui MSEide is a Rapid Application Development IDE for platform independent rich GUI applications in the Pascal language.1 weekly downloads
Nemesis Pascal FrameWork
A FrameWork to develop Pascal Applications. This includes Integrated Development Environment (Rapid Application Development -RAD-), Virtual Machine, Web Services (Pascal Server Pages -PSP-) and too many tools1 weekly downloads
Sirius Programming Language
Development of a fully-conforming implementation of a compiler for the Sirius programming language.1 weekly downloads
dSpec is a BDD framework for Delphi/Pascal built as an extension of DUnit.1 weekly downloads
Atlantis Components for Lazarus
Le projet Atlantis est une collection de composants et de bibliothèques pour Lazarus. The Atlantis project is a collection of components and libraries for Lazarus.
Complex of Adaptors and Terminals(CAT)
A multiplatform programming language for every kind of platform from a microcontroller to a computer,Based on Adaptors and Terminals,It means you designing Adaptors and Terminals and Concat them(e.g for type a key on keyboard and displaying in monitor you

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Butterscotch Blondies
Butterscotch Blondies from JensFavoriteCookies.com - A PERFECT basic blondie recipe with butterscotch chips.
Chewy homemade blondies with butterscotch chips. These Butterscotch Blondies are the BEST, especially served with ice cream and an easy homemade butterscotch sauce. | Tastes Better From Scratch
Butterscotch. You either love it or you hate it. Personally, I adore butterscotch. Especially when I can get my hands on one of those butterscotch flavored old-fashioned striped candy sticks they have in the little candy shops. Now my husband? He could live without butterscotch IF it weren't for these blondies. These blondies are pretty much... Read More »
Try this rich and delicious butterscotch brownie recipe. It's quick and easy, and your family will ask you to make more.
Chewy, fudgy blondies with a rich butterscotch taste and filled with butterscotch chips. The easiest recipe for sinfully good butterscotch blondies
Butterscotch Blondies ~ Insanely buttery Butterscotch Blondies loaded with toasted pecans and topped with a thick layer of Brown Sugar Frosting. These blondies are sinful! So sweet and buttery. They are beyond indulgent
Butterscotch Blondie Gooey Bars - like a blondie but in gooey bar form, with butterscotch chips!
Espresso and Butterscotch Viennese Whirls - Melt in your mouth buttery shortbread, flavoured with freshly brewed espresso, sandwiched together with homemade butterscotch sauce and espresso buttercream. The delicate cookies are full of flavour, quick and easy to make and taste absolutely divine. Once you try the flavours of coffee and butterscotch together, you'll wonder why you've never tried it before!
Butterscotch Blondie Gooey Bars - gooey bar heaven!
We double dare ya to whip up these delicious Butterscotch Blondies! http://spicysouthernkitchen.com/butterscotch-blondies/


text:
Mike was just terrific. Practical, neat, left the gardens on both sides looking untouched. Absolutely great job.
i cannot reccomend jim and bob highly enough.... these are 2 of the best old fashioned tradies around ..excellent workmanship and attention to detail and very competitive price
Get your job done right
We verify our businesses
Only hire the best
Free to request and free to hire!
Footscray, VIC
Approx 7100 bricks to lay for an extension & renovation.
Job includes approx 19m x 3800 new brick veneer wall.
Approx 5500 double brick wall 3800 high
Relay 12m of existing brick veneer wall ...


text:
Rainy Day Books
113 Seward St., Juneau, AK 99801
(907) 463-2665
Compliment this business
Street address:
113 Seward St.
City / suburb:
ZIP code:
(907) 463-2665
Contact name:
Donald Birdseye
Contact title:
GPS Longitude:
GPS Latitude:
Places nearby
0.02 miles away
Eating Places
0.02 miles away
Labor Organizations
General information
- Retail Trade Miscellaneous Retail Used Merchandise Stores
Business data
|Standard industrial classification code:
|Estimated number of employees:
|Annual sales estimate:
|City / suburb:
|Juneau, AK
Not quite what you're looking for? See recommended web results
Is this your business? Claim this profile to get thousands of free views!
QR code with Rainy Day Books contacts
Install a QR code reading app on your smartphone to scan and convert it to Rainy Day Books contact information.
There are no reviews on Rainy Day Books yet.
Be the first to write a review about your experience with the company.
Be the first to write a review about your experience with the company.
More details about Rainy Day Books
According to our records, this business is located at 113 Seward St. in Juneau (in Juneau County), Alaska 99801, the location GPS coordinates are: 58.3007295 (latitude), -134.4073539 (longitude). Rainy Day Books is categorized under Used Merchandise Stores (SIC code 5932). Known organization owner is Donald Birdseye. Current estimates show that the unit has a sales volume of $440,000 and staff of approximately 5 people. You can contact the company by phone at (907) 463-2665. Business website can be accessed at www.juneaubooks.com.
Not satisfied? Select a reason•Rate this page•Send feedback
Or try our search form or quick navigation by category and location
Recommended categories in Juneau, AK
Similar companies
Askusit Gifts
Anchorage, AK
Used Merchandise Stores
Used Merchandise Stores
Community Thrift Shop
102 2nd St., Fairbanks North Star, AK
Used Merchandise Stores
Used Merchandise Stores
Country Peddlers
750 N Marcell Loop, Matanuska-Susitna, AK
Used Merchandise Stores
Used Merchandise Stores
Also viewed
Vista Mortgage Co
16635 Centerfield Dr # 102, Anchorage, AK
Personal Credit Institutions
Personal Credit Institutions
Ray's Automotive
631 Hemlock St., Prince-Wales-Ketchikan, AK
General Automotive Repair Shops
General Automotive Repair Shops
Franke Co
Kenai Peninsula, AK
Single-Family Housing Construction
Single-Family Housing Construction
Rio Olympics might be a mess, but Tokyo 2020 has some cool high-tech plans
Driverless taxis for athletes and holograms for info.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
Clinton takes big step toward easing tensions with Sanders
With new college affordability plan, the presumptive Democratic nominee won praise from rival.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
US urges aerial spraying amid jump in Puerto Rico Zika cases
The U.S. territory is debating whether to fumigate with the insecticide Naled.
Wed, Jul 06 2016


text:
Prestige Limousine Central Ark
P.O. BOX 13761, Maumelle, AR 72113
(501) 851-4244
Compliment this business
Street address:
City / suburb:
ZIP code:
(501) 851-4244
Contact name:
Donna Witicker
Contact title:
GPS Longitude:
GPS Latitude:
Places nearby
0 miles away
Insurance Agents, Brokers, And Service
0 miles away
Single-Family Housing Construction
General information
- Transportation, Communications, Electric, Gas, And Local, Suburban Transit & Interurban Highway Passenger Transport Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Business data
|Standard industrial classification code:
|Estimated number of employees:
|Annual sales estimate:
|City / suburb:
|Maumelle, AR
Not quite what you're looking for? See recommended web results
Is this your business? Claim this profile to get thousands of free views!
QR code with Prestige Limousine Central Ark contacts
Install a QR code reading app on your smartphone to scan and convert it to Prestige Limousine Central Ark contact information.
There are no reviews on Prestige Limousine Central Ark yet.
Be the first to write a review about your experience with the company.
Be the first to write a review about your experience with the company.
More details about Prestige Limousine Central Ark
According to our records, this business is located at P.O. BOX 13761 in Maumelle (in Pulaski County), Arkansas 72113, the location GPS coordinates are: 34.8667565 (latitude), -92.4043219 (longitude). Prestige Limousine Central Ark is categorized under Local Passenger Transportation, Nec (SIC code 4119). Known organization partner is Donna Witicker. Current estimates show that the unit has a sales volume of $70,000 and staff of approximately 3 people. You can contact the company by phone at (501) 851-4244.
Not satisfied? Select a reason•Rate this page•Send feedback
Or try our search form or quick navigation by category and location
Similar companies
All Occasion Limo
1717 Hatcher Rd # 1, Pulaski, AR
Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Angel Care E M S Inc
1505 Main St., Crawford, AR
Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Carriage House LTD
1851 Marshall St., Pulaski, AR
Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Local Passenger Transportation, Nec
Also viewed
Professional Wirecrafters Inc
17 Realeza CT, Garland, AR
Jewelry And Precious Stones
Jewelry And Precious Stones
Natural Resources Conservation
101 S Washington St., Howard, AR
Land, Mineral, And Wildlife Conservation
Land, Mineral, And Wildlife Conservation
Catholic Hall
722 S Church St., Craighead, AR
Child Day Care Services
Child Day Care Services
Rio Olympics might be a mess, but Tokyo 2020 has some cool high-tech plans
Driverless taxis for athletes and holograms for info.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
Clinton takes big step toward easing tensions with Sanders
With new college affordability plan, the presumptive Democratic nominee won praise from rival.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
US urges aerial spraying amid jump in Puerto Rico Zika cases
The U.S. territory is debating whether to fumigate with the insecticide Naled.
Wed, Jul 06 2016


text:
Global eSports Management Adds Nearly 30 eSports Pros to Roster
Global eSports Management (GEM) today launched their full-service organization to provide talent services to eSports professionals. GEM's primary services include eSports talent representation, sales, marketing and consulting. Management is available to everyone from competitive gamers and coaches to shoutcasters and commentators.
The eSports industry is experiencing explosive growth as live streams of matches, events and personal streams set viewership records. Top players are achieving celebrity status, and live events all over the world are selling out large arenas. With this explosion of viewership, a loyal fan base and burgeoning consumer interest, major sponsors are recognizing the value in marketing to the eSports industry. To capitalize on this interest, GEM works to create innovative new revenue streams for their clients.
For more information on GEM please visit www.gem.gg
Next Article
Articles You May Enjoy
- Dying Light - Devs play co-op in new promo video
- The developers from Techland sat together for an intense co-op session of Dying Light. Lead devs Tymon Smektała and Maciej Binkowski along wi...
- Blacklight Retribution releases Helodeck
- Perfect World Entertainment has released the new Helodeck map for Blacklight Retribution.
- StarCraft II: Legacy of the Void Prologue Available Today
- Legacy of the Void™, the standalone conclusion to the StarCraft II trilogy, will arrive by winter.


text:
Search from thousands of diabetes-friendly recipes that meet the dLife Nutritional Guidelines.*
Enter keyword(s) or ingredient(s)Enter a food:
dLife Membership is FREE! Get exclusive access, free recipes, newsletters, savings, and much more!
You are subscribed!
You are subscribed!
You are subscribed!
Sign in or Join dLife now to help keep track of your favorite recipes and foods.
dLife Weekly Poll
Do you have all the doctors you need on your diabetes care team?
Recipe Shuffle
Zucchini and Parmesan Cheese Salad Pleasant Peanutty Snack Mix Tossed Salad with Tomato/Basil Dressing Herbed Pork & Vegetable Stew Tiramisu Bites Whiskey Ginger Marinated Chicken Sweet and Sour Bacon Salad Dressing Roast Beef with Gravy Chicken with Black-Eyed Peas and Yellow Rice Waldorf Salad Pizza
Click a button to see recipes.


text:
Envoy Data Tmd-650 Driver Download
Envoy Data Tmd-650 Driver Details:
Envoy Data Tmd-650 File Name: envoy_data_tmd-650.zip
Envoy Data Tmd-650 Driver Version: 435FPP
Envoy Data Tmd-650 ZIP Size: 135.kb
Manufacturer: Envoy
Scan Status: OK
Envoy Data Tmd-650 special revision for: Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 32 bit, Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 32 bit, Windows 7 Home Basic 64 bit, Windows 7 Professional 32 bit, Windows Vista Ultimate 32 bit, Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 32 bit, Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 64 bit, Windows XP Professional 64 bit
Envoy Data Tmd-650 Download Stats:
Direct Downloads: 378
Most Recent Download: 10/25/2016
Managed Downloads: 4744
Most Recent Download: 10/26/2016
Download Mirrors: 5
Current Delay: 29 Seconds
Driver License: Free to the general public
Direct Download Success Stats:
Reports Issued By 295/378 Users
Success Reported By 41/295 Users
Driver Download Score66/100
Driver Installation Score70/100
Overall preformance Score61/100
Installation Manager Success Stats:
Reports Issued By 3570/4744 Users
Success Reported By 2511/3570 Users
Driver Download Score84/100
Driver Installation Score90/100
Overall preformance Score88/100
1. Direct DownloadSelect your OS and press "Download".
This option requires basic OS understanding.
Select Your Operating System, download zipped files, and then proceed to
manually install them.
Recommended if Envoy Data Tmd-650 is the only driver on your PC you wish to update.
2. Driver Installation Manager
This option requires no OS understanding.
Automatically scans your PC for the specific required version of Envoy Data Tmd-650 + all other outdated drivers, and installs them all at once.
After downloading and installing Envoy Data Tmd-650, or the driver installation manager, take a few minutes to send us a report:
* Only registered users can upload a report.
Don't have a password?
Please register, and get one.


text:
5209 Chestnut Cove Trail Jasper, GA 30143
This is a gorgeous acre+ lot with seasonal views of the beautiful mountains at a spectacular price! Close to club house, tennis courts and pools! Easy access to front gate. Backs to green space. Build-ready lot with lots of privacy. Check Documents section for a survey, lot consolidation docs, Disclosure, and soil test. This is a REAL DEAL. Owner says sell. Don't bother with foreclosures... come see this one first!!
- Listing Status Active
- Neighborhood Bent Tree
- County Pickens
- Sale Type Normal sale
- Kitchen
- Appliances
- Bedrooms
- Master Bath
- Dining Room
- Fireplaces
- Laundry
- Rooms
- Basement
- Pool
- Lot Approx. 268 x 212
- Disability Access
Other Information
- Interior
- Exterior
- Construction
- Green Building Certifications
- Heating
- Cooling
- Energy Features
- Home Warranty
- Setting Other
- Amenities Fishing, Boating, Clubhouse, Swimming Pool, Gated, Stables, Tennis Lighted, Golf
- Neighborhood Amenities
- Parking
Waterfront Features
- Lake Name Other
- Waterfront Footage 0
- Boathouse
- Dock Community
Legal/Financial Information
- Taxes $344 (2013)
- Special Circumstances None
- Association Fee Required
- Association Fee Includes
Listing provided courtesy of null. Listings identified with the FMLS logo come from FMLS, are held by brokerage firms other than the owner of this website and the listing brokerage is identified in any listing details. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. ©2016 First Multiple Listing Service, Inc.
Look Promising?
Want to schedule a showing? Have any questions? We're experts and ready to help!
Call us anytime at 404-965-4080
Listings identified with the FMLS IDX logo come from FMLS, are held by brokerage firms other than the owner of this website and the listing brokerage is identified in any listing details. Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed. ©2014 First Multiple Listing Service, Inc.
© 2014 North East Georgia MLS. the information provided is for the consumer's personal, noncommercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties that the consumer may be interested in purchasing. Some or all of the listings displayed may not belong to the firm whose web site is being visited.


text:
Temporal allocation of attention is often investigated with a paradigm in which two relevant target items are presented in a rapid sequence of irrelevant distractors. The term Attentional Blink (AB) denotes a transient impairment of awareness for the second of these two target items when presented close in time. Experimental studies reported that the AB is reduced when the second target is emotionally significant, suggesting a modulation of attention allocation. The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the influence of target-distractor similarity on AB magnitude for faces with emotional expressions under conditions of limited attention in a series of six rapid serial visual presentation experiments. The task on the first target was either to discriminate the gender of a neutral face (Experiments 1, 3–6) or an indoor/outdoor visual scene (Experiment 2). The task on the second target required either the detection of emotional expressions (Experiments 1–5) or the detection of a face (Experiment 6). The AB was minimal or absent when targets could be easily discriminated from each other. Three successive experiments revealed that insufficient masking and target-distractor similarity could account for the observed immunity of faces against the AB in the first two experiments. An AB was present but not increased when the facial expression was irrelevant to the task suggesting that target-distractor similarity plays a more important role in eliciting an AB than the attentional set demanded by the specific task. In line with previous work, emotional faces were less affected by the AB.
Citation: Müsch K, Engel AK, Schneider TR (2012) On the Blink: The Importance of Target-Distractor Similarity in Eliciting an Attentional Blink with Faces. PLoS ONE 7(7): e41257. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041257
Editor: Justin Harris, University of Sydney, Australia
Received: March 5, 2011; Accepted: June 22, 2012; Published: July 18, 2012
Copyright: © 2012 Müsch et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work has been supported by grants from the German Research Foundation (SFB TRR 58 B04) and the European Union (ERC-2010-AdG-269716). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
When we allocate attention to a flux of incoming stimuli, awareness for these stimuli is not constant over time but instead fluctuates from moment to moment. In order to study how visual awareness is changing over time during a stream of quickly succeeding information, rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigms are widely used. In these paradigms, one or more targets have to be reported in a stream of rapidly succeeding stimuli. If two task-relevant targets appear in close temporal proximity within a stream of irrelevant distractors, a period of limited awareness for the second target, called the AB, is often observed. The AB reflects a deficit in reporting the second target (T2) in case it follows the first task-relevant target (T1) with a temporal delay of 100–400 ms [1], [2], [3]. Single task control conditions in this type of experiments suggest an attentional rather than perceptual cause of the AB [2]. In single task conditions physical stimulation remains the same (presentation of T1 and T2) but attentional demands are decreased, as only the second stimulus is task-relevant. In single task conditions the AB is usually absent [2].
Traditional models have attributed the AB to attentional capacity limitations at a late processing stage [4], [5], [6], [7]. In particular, these models suggested that the perceptual representation for the second target T2, formed during an early processing stage, cannot be transferred into working memory, and thus will not be reported, until the system has successfully transferred the first target T1 into working memory at a late processing stage. However, limited capacity models cannot account for some recent findings of the AB [8]. More recent accounts suggest that the AB results from active control of attentional resources [9], [10], [11]. These models are able to explain why salient stimuli can outlive the AB: the encoding of salient stimuli needs fewer resources due to increased bottom-up strength, and thus less allocation of attentional resources is necessary [9], [11]. Saliency can either be driven by perceptual features, such as discernability of targets from distractors, or by contents (e.g., emotional vs. neutral stimuli).
Several studies employed neutral face stimuli for probing the AB achieving mixed results. Most studies found an AB for faces (Table S1), whereas others did not with famous faces [12], low T1 load [13], upright faces [14], or when T1 and T2 were faces [15], [16]. Landau and Bentin [13] suggested that the saliency of faces among nonface distractors was an important factor in determining the susceptibility of face targets to be blinked. However, they did not specifically investigate this claim. Taken together, these results suggest that face processing requires attentional resources and that the perceptual saliency of faces among distractors is critical for eliciting an AB.
The AB magnitude can be modulated by manipulating the allocation of attention towards T1 or T2 [8]. For example, AB magnitude was reduced by task-irrelevant mental performance in an additional memory task or by focusing less on the AB task [17]. The AB was also extinguished when highly familiar or famous faces were used [12]. In addition, emotional target stimuli seem to modulate blink magnitude as well. Several studies have demonstrated an influence of emotional information on the extent of the blink magnitude by using a variety of emotional stimuli including words [18], [19], [20], photographs of objects or scenes [21], [22], [23], [24] and emotional faces [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. Interestingly, the AB is differentially modulated depending on whether T1 or T2 is emotionally salient. The AB is increased following an emotional T1, possibly due to a longer attentional dwell time on T1, leaving less capacity for the processing of T2 [29], [30]. In contrast, the AB is attenuated when emotional compared to unemotional stimuli are presented as T2, which suggests stronger attentional capture by emotional stimuli [20], [28]. Importantly, several studies found a robust AB for neutral compared to realistic [26], [29] or schematic emotional faces [31], [32].
In contrast to studies reporting an emotional modulation of the AB in healthy individuals [20], [24], [28], several studies reported an emotional modulation of the AB only in individuals with high anxiety scores [27], [33], with dysphoria [34], or with posttraumatic stress symptoms [35], yet failed to find an effect in healthy participants. Such an absence of the AB is unlikely to be caused by the type of stimulus material because similar stimuli were used as in experiments, which found an AB in healthy individuals (e.g., words in [33], [34], [35] and faces in [27]). Amir and colleagues [35] suggested that this absence might be related to the depth of target processing (e.g., semantic processing or explicit emotion processing). Accordingly, in a series of experiments semantic processing [30] or emotion processing [29] were shown to be a necessary condition for an increased AB following emotional stimuli as T1. For emotional T2 it has not yet been investigated systematically whether explicit emotion processing is required to decrease AB magnitude.
The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the influence of target-distractor similarity. In total, six experiments were conducted in different groups of participants in order to investigate how emotional valence modulates the temporal allocation of attention. As only a shallow AB was elicited in Experiment 1, we selectively manipulated the T1 and T2 similarity (Experiment 2), similarity of targets and distractors (Experiment 3, 4, and 5), and the task relevance of the emotional expression (Experiment 6). Manipulating experimentally the similarity between targets and distractors revealed a strong effect of the type of distractors and accounted for the shallow and missing AB effect of the previous experiments. The final experiment demonstrated that the type of task (whether the emotional expression was explicitly or implicitly task-relevant) did not have an impact over and above the effect of target-distractor similarity in Experiments 3 and 4.
Experiment 1
Materials and Methods
Ethics Statement.
The participants of this and the subsequent experiments provided written, informed consent. All procedures were approved by the ethics committee of the Hamburg Medical Association.
Fifteen participants (10 female, M ± SD = 24.0±2.3 years) were recruited from the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and were paid for participation. All participants had normal or corrected to normal vision and normal color vision [36] and reported no history of psychiatric or neurological illness. One male participant had to be excluded due to performance at chance level.
Emotional and neutral faces were embedded among distractors in a RSVP stream (Figure 1). Faces of 12 males and 12 females with neutral, fearful, and happy expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF; [37]) served as targets. These faces were selected for highest gender discernability as determined in a pilot rating. Distractors were phase-scrambled versions of 54 neutral faces. All stimuli were converted to gray-scale, matched for luminance and masked by an oval shape to remove hair, neck and background information. T1 faces were presented in a red tint (each pixel value of the red color channel multiplied by 2.25) in order to distinguish it from the other stimuli in the stream.
(A) After 500 ms fixation period, 25 stimuli including the two targets with a variable lag were rapidly presented (lag 3 in this example). The first and the second target were task-relevant. T1 was presented between position 9 and 15 in a stream of distractors followed by T2 at lags 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8. (B) The experiments differed with regard to stimuli used as T1, T2, and distractors, and dual task demands. Abbreviations: Fix, fixation; T1, first target; T2, second target; D, distractors; RSVP, rapid serial visual presentation; Exp., experiment; 2AFC, two-alternative forced-choice.
Design and Procedure.
Each trial consisted of a stream of 25 visual stimuli including scrambled distractors and target faces, starting with a 500 ms fixation period. Each stimulus was displayed for 70 ms at the center of the monitor, resulting in a stimulation frequency of 14.3 Hz (Figure 1). The first face (T1) always had a neutral expression whereas the expression of the second face (T2) was systematically varied (fearful, happy, and neutral expression 31.7% each; remaining 5% scrambled distractor). The temporal interval between T1 and T2 varied between lag 1 (70 ms, no intervening item between T1 and T2), lag 2 (140 ms, one intervening item and so forth), lag 3 (210 ms), lag 4 (280 ms), lag 5 (350 ms), lag 6 (420 ms), and lag 8 (560 ms) in order to cover the whole AB interval. The gender of the two targets was counterbalanced and two targets never had the same identity in a given trial. T1 appeared equally often at positions 9 to 15 of each stream.
After each trial, participants were first requested to report the gender of T1 ("male", "female") and then whether they had seen a second face (T2; "face", "no face") by button press on the keyboard with the left or right index finger, respectively. In case of a "face", participants were asked to indicate whether the face was emotional or neutral ("emotional face", "neutral face"). This two-step procedure allowed discriminating different levels of processing: face detection versus emotion detection of T2. The response button mapping was counterbalanced across participants. Seven blocks with 60 trials each were presented in random order. In total, 19 trials per condition were presented (7 lags ×3 emotions = 399 trials). In 5% of the trials T2 was not present and replaced by a scrambled distractor. To familiarize participants with the experimental procedure, 10 practice trials were presented before each experiment. No speeded responses were demanded and participants received no feedback during the experiment. Stimuli were presented on a 22" CRT monitor at a refresh rate of 100 Hz and a viewing angle of approximately 5.4° using the Psychophysics Toolbox (3rd version; [38], [39]) and Matlab 7 (The MathWorks Inc, Natick, MA, USA).
Data Analysis.
Mean accuracy was calculated for T1 and T2, respectively. T2 report was analyzed contingent on correct T1 report. For the T2 task the percentage of correct responses was calculated as the proportion of detected relative to the total number of trials presenting a face as T2, separately for fearful, happy, and neutral faces. The detection of T2 was considered more relevant to the AB than the emotion detection because the amount of misses per lag directly reflects the impairment of visual awareness. In addition, false alarms were defined as the proportion of "face" responses to the number of T2-absent trials contingent on correct T1 report. Low values of false alarms indicate that participants were able to perform the task correctly. The percentage of correct responses on T1 and T2 report were subjected to a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with lag (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and emotion (fearful, happy, neutral) as separate within-subject factors. In addition, T1 error rates were compared for trials in which both targets had the same versus the opposite gender to check for a possible confusion between T1 and T2 in the gender discrimination task at each lag. Estimates were Greenhouse-Geisser-corrected whenever appropriate. Original degrees of freedom are reported. Five planned orthogonal contrasts were conducted as follow-up analysis: (1) the linear effect of lag; (2) neutral vs. emotional faces; (3) fearful vs. happy faces; (4) the interaction between lag and neutral vs. emotional faces (4), and (5) the interaction between lag and fearful vs. happy faces. Effect sizes were reported as eta-squared, representing the proportion of accounted variance (η2<0.1 = small effect size; 0.1<η2<0.25 = medium effect size; η2>0.25 = large effect size).
In Experiment 1, the comparison of T2 performance in a 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) repeated measures ANOVA resulted in main effects of lag and emotion and a lag by emotion interaction (Table 1, Figure 2). The contrast analysis on the interaction effect revealed that the effect of lag was more pronounced for neutral faces compared to emotional faces, while the effect of lag was only a trend for the difference of fearful and happy faces (Table 2). The percentage of false alarms was quite low (M ± SD = 10.5±13.4). These results suggest a temporal impairment of visual awareness modified by emotional expression.
Performance is depicted separately for the different facial expressions of T2. T2 detection is conditional on T1 performance. Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Abbreviations: T1, first target; T2, second target; SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony.
T1 performance was compared in a 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) repeated measures ANOVA. The correct report of T1 was dependent on the lag (Table 1, Figure 2), which was reflected by a linear increase across lags (Table 2).
T1 error rates for trials in which T1- and T2-faces had opposite sex were higher compared to trials in which T1- and T2-faces were the same sex only at lag 1 (opposite sex M ± SD = 14.5±11.0, same sex M ± SD = 46.7±12.3; t13 = 6.34, p<0.001) but not at any other lag (all ts<1.33, all ps>0.205; except for lag 3, t13 = 2.20, p = 0.046, not significant following Bonferroni correction).
The decreased performance on T2 could be interpreted as a genuine AB, which additionally was modulated by emotional expression. However, the profile of the AB was very shallow.
Performance on T1 was also reduced in the first two lags. Participants may have confused T1 and T2 at shorter lags, especially when there was no distractor in between. An additional analysis on T1 errors revealed preliminary evidence for this assumption: error rates for opposite-sex compared to same-sex trials were only higher at lag 1 but not at any other lag. Thus, it seems likely that participants confused T2 and T1 in the gender classification task. Earlier studies using letters also found increased order inversion effects for T1 at the first lag [4], [40], [41]. According to the 2-stage competition model [5] there is a trade-off between T1 and T2 performance when the lag between the targets is less than 100 ms. Hence, it seems inherent in the AB that correct report of T1 is compromised by correct report of T2 at the first lag [41]. However, the present results merely reflect a globally diminished performance for T1 and T2 instead of a trade-off between targets.
Experiment 2
To rule out the possibility that participants confused T2 with T1 stimuli in the gender classification task, neutral T1-faces were replaced by indoor and outdoor scenes in Experiment 2.
Materials and Methods
Thirteen students (8 female, M ± SD = 24.1±1.5 years), none of whom participated in Experiment 1, were recruited from the same pool and were paid for participation. All participants had normal or corrected to normal vision and reported no history of psychiatric or neurological illness.
Stimuli were identical to those of Experiment 1 except that gray-scale indoor and outdoor scenes instead of neutral faces were presented as T1. T1 scenes were not tinted because they could easily be discriminated from T2 faces (compare [26]). Visual scenes (equal in mean luminance) were selected according to highest discrimination performance and matched for visual complexity according to a pilot rating.
Design and Procedure.
Unlike in the previous experiment, the task on T2 consisted of only one question. An additional response option for "no face" was included, thus resulting in three response possibilities ("emotional face", "neutral face", "no face") for each trial.
Data Analysis.
Data analysis was identical to Experiment 1 except for the following changes. False alarms in Experiments 2, 3, and 4 were defined as the proportion of "emotional face" or "neutral face" responses to the number of T2-absent trials contingent on correct T1 report.
T1 performance and T2 performance were separately subjected to a 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) within-subjects ANOVA. There were no significant effects on T1 performance and on T2 performance (Table 1, Table 2, Figure 3). As in the previous experiments, the percentage of false alarms was low (M ± SD = 2.2±4.2).
Performance is depicted separately for the different facial expressions of T2. T2 detection is conditional on T1 performance. Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Abbreviations: T1, first target; T2, second target; SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony.
Surprisingly, there were no effects of lag or emotion in Experiment 2 suggesting that the transient performance decrease in Experiment 1 resulted from a confusion of the target faces [4], [5], [11], [40], [41]. The absence of an AB is in direct contrast to the study by De Martino and colleagues [26] who reported an AB also using scenes as T1, faces as T2, and scrambled distractors. In their experiment performance for fearful T2 faces was higher than for neutral T2 faces only at lag 5 (350 ms), which was, however, the only lag tested in this experiment. The distractors in the experiment by De Martino and colleagues [26] differed from the ones in the present Experiments 1 and 2. The role of distractors in eliciting an AB for faces was addressed in the following three experiments.
Experiment 3, Experiment 4, & Experiment 5
In contrast to previous studies using upright neutral faces [27], 180° rotated neutral faces [25], or randomly rearranged parts of face or scene images [26], [28] as distractors, the distractors in the present Experiments 1 and 2 were phase-scrambled versions of the face stimuli and contained no meaningful high-level information. A previous study using letters reported that the AB could be eliminated when targets were embedded in highly discriminable distractors [4]. To investigate whether the shallow AB profile in Experiment 1 might have resulted from insufficient masking and from dissimilarity between targets and distractors, the similarity of the distractors with the target faces was varied in the following three experiments. They are reported together because every participant took part in two of the experiments.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-eight participants (15 female, M ± SD = 26.5±4.0 years), none of whom participated in the previous Experiments 1 and 2, were recruited from the same pool and were paid for participation. All participants had normal or corrected to normal vision and reported no history of psychiatric or neurological illness.
Target stimuli were identical to those of Experiment 1. Phase-scrambled distractors were replaced by three different types of distractors of the same 54 neutral faces resulting in three experiments. In Experiment 3, faces were divided into 20 randomly rearranged parts of 75×70 pixels and masked by an oval shape to remove hair, neck and background information. These distractors will be referred to as mosaic-scrambled faces. In Experiment 4, distractors consisted of 180° rotated faces with neutral expression. In Experiment 5, distractors were upright faces with neutral expression.
Design and Procedure.
Design and procedure were identical to that of Experiment 1 except for the following specifications: each participant took part in two experiments. The order of the experiments was counterbalanced across subjects resulting in final samples of 21 participants in Experiment 3 (12 female, M ± SD = 26.6±4.2 years), 15 participants Experiment 4 (8 female, M ± SD = 26.8±2.9 years), and 20 participants Experiment 5 (10 female, M ± SD = 26.0±4.5 years). In Experiments 3 and 4 the task on T2 was identical to that of Experiment 2 providing three response options in each trial ("emotional face", "neutral face", "no face"). In Experiment 5, T2 was always present resulting in a total of 399 trials (7 lags x 3 emotion, 19 trials per condition). The T2 task remained an emotion detection task. However, since distractors were upright neutral faces, the option "no face" was inappropriate for Experiment 5 and only two of the previous response options were provided ("emotional face", "neutral face"). Hence, participants replied with "neutral face" when they did not see an emotional face in a given trial.
Data Analysis.
Data analysis for the three experiments was identical to that of Experiment 1 except for Experiment 5 using neutral face distractors, in which the percentage of correct responses for the T2 task was calculated as the proportion of correct emotion detection. Only fearful and happy T2 were analyzed, as neutral T2 could not be differentiated from distractors and faces were always present as distractors. In Experiment 5, false alarms were calculated as the proportion of "emotional face" responses to the number of trials depicting neutral T2 faces contingent on correct T1 report. In addition, these false alarm rates were compared to hit rates for "emotional face" responses in order to clarify whether the absent AB was due to a floor effect.
For Experiment 3 using mosaic-scrambled face distractors, T1 performance and T2 performance were separately compared in a 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) within-subjects ANOVA. The ANOVA on T2 performance resulted in main effects of lag and emotion (Table 1, Figure 4A). The contrast analysis showed that the difference between neutral and emotional faces was larger than that between the two emotional faces (Table 2). Although the difference between emotional and neutral faces seemed to be greater at early relative to late lags, the interaction effect did not reach significance. Correct report of T1 depended on lag (Table 1, Figure 4A), which was reflected by a linear increase across lags (Table 2). These results indicate that an AB was found for faces, which was not modulated by emotional expression. However, performance for emotional faces was better than for neutral faces across all lags.
Target stimuli were identical to Experiment 1. Distractors were either (A) mosaic-scrambled faces, (B) inverted faces with neutral expression, or (C) upright faces with neutral expression. Performance is depicted separately for the different facial expressions of T2. T2 performance is conditional on T1 performance. Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Abbreviations: T1, first target; T2, second target; SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony.
For Experiment 4 presenting inverted face distractors, T1 performance and T2 performance were separately subjected to a 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) within-subjects ANOVA. Comparison of T2 performance resulted in a main effect of lag and emotion (Table 1, Figure 4B). Follow-up analysis suggested a linear increase across lags and easier detection of emotional compared to neutral faces (Table 2). Notably, although the interaction effect did not reach statistical significance, the planned interaction contrast for the comparison of neutral to emotional faces was significant (Table 2), reflecting that the AB for neutral faces was more pronounced relative to emotional faces. Correct report of T1 depended on lag (Table 1, Figure 4B) reflected by a linear increase across lags (Table 2). These results suggest a transient impairment of visual awareness and an advantage for the detection of emotional faces.
For Experiment 5 using neutral face distractors, T1 performance and T2 performance were separately subjected to a 7 (lag) x 2 (emotion) within-subjects ANOVA. Only effects of emotion were found which were opposite for T1 and T2 performance (Table 1, Table 2, Figure 4C): T1 was reported correctly more often when it was followed by a fearful instead of a happy face, while T2 performance was higher for happy faces compared to fearful faces. These results indicate that performance differed according to the emotional expression, but no AB was found in Experiment 5.
The percentage of false alarms for T2 was M ± SD = 10.5±13.3 in Experiment 3 and M ± SD = 12.2±14.4 in Experiment 4. For Experiment 5, the percentage of false alarms, reflected by the proportion of "emotional face" responses to the number of T2 trials containing neutral faces, was M ± SD = 18.9±12.3. This rate was significantly lower than the average number of correct responses for emotional T2 (M ± SD = 60.3±17.0; t19 = 9.54, p<0.001).
As expected, increasing the similarity of distractors and targets in terms of facial features decreased the overall T2 performance. Importantly, the use of more similar distractors resulted in an AB when distractors were mosaic-scrambled and inverted faces, hence containing more feature information than the abstract phase-scrambled distractors used before. Therefore we conclude that dissimilarity between targets and distractors can account for the missing AB in Experiments 1 and 2.
There was no AB when distractors were upright faces. The absence of an AB with upright face distractors is in direct contrast to the experiment by Fox and colleagues using upright neutral faces as distractors [27]. Longer stimulus duration (110 ms) could account for the higher performance in Fox et al. [27]. However, T1 performance in Experiment 5 was lower than that of Experiments 3 and 4 and of [27]. In addition, performance for fearful faces in the T2 task was almost at chance level. In addition, T1 stimuli and T1 task were different (Table S1): flower T1 had to be discriminated from mushroom T1 [27], thus facilitating the T1 differentiation from T2 stimuli as well as from distractors. These results suggest that the task of Experiment 5 was more demanding than that of the previous experiments and that of [27]. However, participants were able to reliably detect emotional faces from the stream of neutral distractors, as reflected by significantly more hits than false alarms for "emotional face" responses. Thus, results of Experiment 5 corroborate the finding that faces with emotional expressions are spared the AB.
In line with results from Experiment 1, T2 performance depended on the emotional content of T2 suggesting a facilitated processing of fearful and happy faces over neutral faces. A superiority effect for happy faces was found except for the inverted face experiment, in which fearful faces tended to be better recognized than neutral faces. These results are in line with the assumption of enhanced bottom-up attention for emotional stimuli [42], [43].
As in Experiment 1, a decreased T1 performance at lag 1 in the mosaic-scrambled and the inverted face experiment reflected the competition for attentional resources of T1 with T2 at lag 1 [4], [40], [41]. T1 performance in the experiment with upright face distractors was greatly reduced across all lags. In this case upright T1 faces differed from the distractors only in color (red tint) and therefore may have been more difficult to extract from the RSVP stream. Thus, it is likely that participants reported the gender of neighboring faces instead that of T1.
Experiment 6
This final experiment investigated whether the specific attentional set, i.e. the allocation of attentional resources that is adjusted by the observer (top-down control), had an additional impact on the AB over and above the effect of target-distractor similarity. In contrast to all previous experiments, in which emotion recognition was explicitly demanded by the T2 task, in Experiment 6 the emotional expression of faces was irrelevant to the T2 task. For emotionally expressive T2, the influence of the type of task has never directly been investigated so far. Milders and colleagues [28] successfully elicited an AB with a very similar design but an implicit emotion recognition task.
Materials and Methods
Seventeen participants (10 female, M ± SD = 28.4±4.1 years), none of whom participated in the previous experiments, were recruited from the same pool and were paid for participation. All participants had normal or corrected to normal vision and reported no history of psychiatric or neurological illness. One female subject had to be excluded due to performance at chance level.
Stimuli were identical to those in Experiment 3.
Design and Procedure.
Design and procedure were identical to that of Experiment 1 except for the task on T2. Participants were solely requested to report whether they had seen an upright second face ("yes", "no").
Data Analysis.
Data analysis was identical to that of Experiment 1.
The comparison of T2 performance in a 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) within-subjects ANOVA resulted in main effects of lag, emotion, and an interaction between lag and emotion (Table 1, Figure 5). Follow-up contrast analysis on the interaction revealed a trend in that the linear effect of lag was more pronounced for neutral compared to emotional faces (Table 2). The percentage of false alarms was M ± SD = 7.6±9.7. These results indicate that an AB was found for faces, which was modulated by emotional expression.
The 7 (lag) x 3 (emotion) within-subjects ANOVA on T1 performance revealed a significant effect of lag (Table 1, Figure 5), which was reflected by a linear increase across lags (Table 2).
Performance is depicted separately for the different facial expressions of T2. T2 detection is conditional on T1 performance. Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Abbreviations: T1, first target; T2, second target; SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony.
Unlike in the previous experiments, the detection of the emotional facial expression of T2 was not relevant to solve the task in Experiment 6. In line with results from Milders and colleagues [28] an AB was observed. The trend of the interaction contrast suggested that the AB was attenuated for happy and fearful faces. Somewhat surprisingly, T2 performance for neutral faces did not recover to baseline level. Reasons for this might be twofold. First, AB patterns in the individual participants were highly heterogeneous (Figure S1). Second, T2 performance for neutral faces seemed to drop particularly from lag 6 to lag 8 (Figure S1; cf. subjects 6, 8, or 11), which most likely reflects an expectation effect: because lag 7 was omitted, participants might not have expected a second face anymore. Emotional but not neutral T2 at lag 8 were detected due to increased saliency. Results of Experiment 6 suggest that the attentional set or the demands of top-down control in the specific task do not have an incremental effect on eliciting the AB beyond the effect of target-distractor similarity of the previous experiments.
The major goal of the present study was to systematically investigate the impact of target-distractor similarity under conditions of high attentional demands in a RSVP stream in which two targets were embedded. Contrary to our expectation, only a shallow AB was found in Experiment 1. However, this effect could not be replicated when we replaced neutral T1 faces by indoor and outdoor scenes in Experiment 2. To investigate whether the absence of an AB resulted from target-distractor dissimilarity and insufficient masking, Experiments 3, 4, and 5 selectively manipulated the distractors' similarity to the target faces. An AB was revealed in Experiment 3 using mosaic-scrambled distractors and Experiment 4 using inverted face distractors. Thus, similarity between targets and distractors seems to account for the strength of the AB in the present experiments. No AB was found, however, in Experiment 5, when targets were emotional faces and distractors were neutral faces. This result supports the notion that faces with emotional expression tend to be less likely to be blinked. Moreover, in Experiments 4 and 6 emotional faces were found to be less susceptible to the AB, further confirming the attentional advantage for emotional faces.
In the first two experiments, the nature of the abstract phase-scrambled distractors and their featural dissimilarity to the targets may have diminished appropriate masking of the target faces. Phase-scrambled distractors may not be sufficiently meaningful or may not contain enough high-level pattern information to function as effective masks. However, previous studies revealed that masks neither have to be meaningful [44] nor have to contain pattern information [45] to be effective. Landau and colleagues [13] suggested that the saliency of faces among nonface distractors was an important factor in determining the susceptibility of face targets to be blinked. Previous studies showing an AB effect on emotional T2 faces used a stream of neutral faces [27], 180° rotated neutral faces [25], or mosaic-scrambled distractors [26], [28] consisting of randomly rearranged parts of faces or scenes. Therefore, the masking effect on T1 by the subsequent distractors may have been stronger in previous studies using faces as targets [25], [26], [27], [28] resulting in larger attentional impairments for processing of T2 compared to our Experiments 1 and 2. This assumption is consistent with a series of AB experiments investigating the role of T1 and its subsequent item in the RSVP stream [46]. The authors reported a correlation between T1 performance and AB magnitude using letters as targets and concluded that masking influenced the AB deficit indirectly by increasing the processing load of T1. Furthermore, Jannati and colleagues (Experiment 2 in [47]) successfully elicited an AB for letters by increasing target-distractor similarity relative to a report using the same experimental design [44], when pseudoletters instead of digits were used as distractors. Our Experiments 3 and 4 also provide support for the role of target-distractor dissimilarity as causes for the missing AB in our first two experiments. The experiments using mosaic-scrambled and inverted face distractors successfully elicited an AB. Using upright neutral faces as distractors resulted in a drop in T1 and T2 performance except for happy faces. However, we did not observe an AB under conditions of minimal target saliency with upright neutral face distractors that were maximally similar to emotionally target faces, supporting the finding that emotional faces tend to outlive the AB. A similar finding of reduced performance without significant AB has also been reported by Awh and colleagues (Experiment 5 in [16]) when faces were masked by other faces. Taken together, the results from Experiments 3 and 4, specifically, corroborate the role of insufficient masking as a cause for the missing and shallow AB in our first two experiments.
Furthermore, results from Experiment 6 suggest that the nature of the (emotion recognition) task does not play a crucial role in shaping the AB over and above the role of target-distractor similarity. Similar to the results of Experiment 3 using an explicit emotion detection task and mosaic-scrambled distractors, an AB was also found in Experiment 6 when participants had to engage in a face detection task on T2, in which the emotional expression of T2 was task-irrelevant. Our result is in line with several other studies reporting an AB with an implicit face detection task [12], [13], [28]. Previous work demonstrated that increasing the task load and changing the instruction had an impact on AB magnitude [17], [48], [49], [50], suggesting that attentional set or top-down control of the specific task plays a role in the elicitation of the AB. However, it did not seem to make a difference for the present experiments, whether the emotional expression was relevant to the task or not.
Face stimuli in the RSVP may be more salient than letters or words and therefore require adequate masks to transiently impair awareness. Faces convey relevant information for social interactions. Several lines of research suggest that face processing differs from processing of other stimuli. Already newborns show increased attention to face compared to nonface stimuli (e.g. [51]). Furthermore, face recognition in contrast to word or object recognition seems to be holistic and configural [52]. Therefore it was hypothesized that faces are processed automatically by a pre-attentive mechanism as they pop out of visual search arrays with different distractors [53]. In addition, faces may be processed with little attentional resources, which is supported by studies showing that faces can be processed in the near-absence of attention [54] or outside of awareness [55], [56]. A recent study found that faces receive mandatory processing during a change detection task [57]. This attentional advantage for faces was still present when additional semantic information was given where to expect the change. These results suggest that even neutral T2 faces receive enhanced attention due to their saliency when presented during the AB interval. Support for this notion comes from several AB studies, which failed to find an AB for neutral faces masked either with nonface stimuli [13], [14], [15], [16] or with other neutral faces [16]. The amygdala has been suggested to be a neuroanatomical key region for the processing of emotionally and socially relevant stimuli [58] and is assumed to contribute to the modulating effect of emotional words on the AB [20]. However, even neutral faces are highly salient and result in increased amygdala activity, and therefore attentional resources may be sufficient to process both target face stimuli irrespective of the emotional expression of T2 in Experiments 1 and 2. Although the majority of studies employing faces as T2 actually found an AB for faces, it is evident that the experimental paradigms reported in the literature are very heterogeneous. Currently it does not seem possible to isolate a single factor or a combination of factors that is able to predict the occurrence or absence of an AB in experiments using face stimuli as targets (Table S1).
In conclusion, our experiments demonstrate that the AB for faces is minimal or absent when targets can be easily discriminated from distractors. When distractors are more similar to target faces, an AB for faces can be reliably obtained. In addition, our results support the notion that the AB is modulated by emotional expression in that neutral faces tend to be blinked more likely than emotional faces.
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
Mean accuracy for T2 of each participant in Experiment 6. Performance is depicted separately for the different facial expressions of T2. T2 detection is conditional on T1 performance. Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Abbreviations: T1, first target; T2, second target; SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony.
Table S1.
Studies investigating the AB for T2 face stimuli. This table summarizes the experimental designs and results of all studies performing an RSVP and presenting faces as T2. Literature search was based on PubMed search terms "attentional blink" and one of the following: "face", "fear", "emotion", or "anxiety". Abbreviations: T1, first target; T2, second target; SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony; ISI, interstimulus interval; RSVP, rapid serial visual presentation; AB, Attentional Blink; FE, fearful; HA, happy; NE, neutral; 2AFC, 2 alternatives forced choice; SA, sad.
We would like to thank Karin Deazle for support in data acquisition and Nicole David and Constanze Hipp for helpful discussions and comments on this manuscript.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: KM TRS AKE. Performed the experiments: KM. Analyzed the data: KM. Wrote the paper: KM TRS AKE.
- 1. Broadbent DE, Broadbent MHP (1987) From detection to identification – response to multiple targets in rapid serial visual presentation. Perception & Psychophysics 42: 105–113.
- 2. Raymond JE, Shapiro KL, Arnell KM (1992) Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task – an attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18: 849–860.
- 3. Weichselgartner E, Sperling G (1987) Dynamics of automatic and controlled visual attention. Science 238: 778–780.
- 4. Chun MM, Potter MC (1995) A 2-stage model for multiple-target detection in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 21: 109–127.
- 5. Potter MC, Staub A, O'Connor DH (2002) The time course of competition for attention: attention is initially labile. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 28: 1149–1162.
- 6. Shapiro KL, Arnell KM, Raymond JE (1997) The attentional blink. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1: 291–296.
- 7. Shapiro KL, Raymond JE, Arnell KM (1994) Attention to visual-pattern information produces the attentional blink in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20: 357–371.
- 8. Martens S, Wyble B (2010) The attentional blink: past, present, and future of a blind spot in perceptual awareness. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34: 947–957.
- 9. Bowman H, Wyble B (2007) The simultaneous type, serial token model of temporal attention and working memory. Psychological Review 114: 38–70.
- 10. Vul E, Nieuwenstein M, Kanwisher N (2008) Temporal selection is suppressed, delayed, and diffused during the attentional blink. Psychological Science 19: 55–61.
- 11. Wyble B, Bowman H, Nieuwenstein M (2009) The attentional blink provides episodic distinctiveness: sparing at a cost. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 35: 787–807.
- 12. Jackson MC, Raymond JE (2006) The role of attention and familiarity in face identification. Perception & Psychophysics 68: 543–557.
- 13. Landau AN, Bentin S (2008) Attentional and perceptual factors affecting the attentional blink for faces and objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34: 818–830.
- 14.
Darque A, Del Zotto M, Khateb A, Pegna AJ (2011) Attentional Modulation of Early ERP Components in Response to Faces: Evidence From the Attentional Blink Paradigm. Brain Topography.
- 15. Serences J, Scolari M, Awh E (2009) Online response-selection and the attentional blink: Multiple-processing channels. Visual Cognition 17: 531–554.
- 16. Awh E, Serences J, Laurey P, Dhaliwal H, van der Jagt T, et al. (2004) Evidence against a central bottleneck during the attentional blink: multiple channels for configural and featural processing. Cognitive Psychology 48: 95–126.
- 17. Olivers CN, Nieuwenhuis S (2006) The beneficial effects of additional task load, positive affect, and instruction on the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 32: 364–379.
- 18. Anderson AK (2005) Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 134: 258–281.
- 19. Keil A, Ihssen N (2004) Identification facilitation for emotionally arousing verbs during the attentional blink. Emotion 4: 23–35.
- 20. Anderson AK, Phelps EA (2001) Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Nature 411: 305–309.
- 21. Most SB, Chun MM, Johnson MR, Kiehl KA (2006) Attentional modulation of the amygdala varies with personality. Neuroimage 31: 934–944.
- 22. Most SB, Chun MM, Widders DM, Zald DH (2005) Attentional rubbernecking: cognitive control and personality in emotion-induced blindness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12: 654–661.
- 23. Reinecke A, Rinck M, Becker ES (2008) How preferential is the preferential encoding of threatening stimuli? Working memory biases in specific anxiety and the Attentional Blink. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 22: 655–670.
- 24. Trippe RH, Hewig J, Heydel C, Hecht H, Miltner WH (2007) Attentional Blink to emotional and threatening pictures in spider phobics: electrophysiology and behavior. Brain Research 1148: 149–160.
- 25. de Jong PJ, Martens S (2007) Detection of emotional expressions in rapidly changing facial displays in high- and low-socially anxious women. Behavior Research and Therapy 45: 1285–1294.
- 26. De Martino B, Kalisch R, Rees G, Dolan RJ (2009) Enhanced processing of threat stimuli under limited attentional resources. Cerebral Cortex 19: 127–133.
- 27. Fox E, Russo R, Georgiou GA (2005) Anxiety modulates the degree of attentive resources required to process emotional faces. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience 5: 396–404.
- 28. Milders M, Sahraie A, Logan S, Donnellon N (2006) Awareness of faces is modulated by their emotional meaning. Emotion 6: 10–17.
- 29. Stein T, Zwickel J, Ritter J, Kitzmantel M, Schneider WX (2009) The effect of fearful faces on the attentional blink is task dependent. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 16: 104–109.
- 30. Huang YM, Baddeley A, Young AW (2008) Attentional capture by emotional stimuli is modulated by semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34: 328–339.
- 31. Maratos FA, Mogg K, Bradley BP (2008) Identification of angry faces in the attentional blink. Cognition & Emotion 22: 1340–1352.
- 32. Miyazawa S, Iwasaki S (2010) Do happy faces capture attention? The happiness superiority effect in attentional blink. Emotion 10: 712–716.
- 33. Arend I, Botella J (2002) Emotional stimuli reduce the attentional blink in sub-clinical anxious subjects. Psicothema 14: 209–214.
- 34. Koster EH, De Raedt R, Verschuere B, Tibboel H, De Jong PJ (2009) Negative information enhances the attentional blink in dysphoria. Depression and Anxiety 26: E16–E22.
- 35. Amir N, Taylor CT, Bomyea JA, Badour CL (2009) Temporal allocation of attention toward threat in individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23: 1080–1085.
- 36.
Ishihara S (1986) Ishihara's Tests for Colour Blindness –24 Plates Edition. Tokyo: Kanehara & Co., LTD.
- 37.
Lundqvist D, Flykt A, Öhman A (1998) The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces – KDEF. CD ROM from Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology section, Karolinska Institutet.
- 38. Brainard DH (1997) The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision 10: 433–436.
- 39. Pelli DG (1997) The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision 10: 437–442.
- 40. Chun MM (1997) Types and tokens in visual processing: a double dissociation between the attentional blink and repetition blindness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23: 738–755.
- 41. Chun MM (1997) Temporal binding errors are redistributed by the attentional blink. Perception & Psychophysics 59: 1191–1199.
- 42. Vuilleumier P (2005) How brains beware: neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9: 585–594.
- 43. Yiend J (2010) The effects of emotion on attention: a review of attentional processing of emotional information. Cognition & Emotion 24: 3–47.
- 44. Giesbrecht B, Di Lollo V (1998) Beyond the attentional blink: Visual masking by object substitution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24: 1454–1466.
- 45. Grandison TD, Ghirardelli TG, Egeth HE (1997) Beyond similarity: masking of the target is sufficient to cause the attentional blink. Perception & Psychophysics 59: 266–274.
- 46. Seiffert AE, Di Lollo V (1997) Low-level masking in the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23: 1061–1073.
- 47. Jannati A, Spalek TM, Di Lollo V (2011) Neither backward masking of T2 nor task switching is necessary for the attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 18: 70–75.
- 48. Taatgen NA, Juvina I, Schipper M, Borst JP, Martens S (2009) Too much control can hurt: a threaded cognition model of the attentional blink. Cognitive Psychology 59: 1–29.
- 49. Nieuwenstein MR, Potter MC (2006) Temporal limits of selection and memory encoding: A comparison of whole versus partial report in rapid serial visual presentation. Psychological Science 17: 471–475.
- 50. Ferlazzo F, Lucido S, Di Nocera F, Fagioli S, Sdoia S (2007) Switching between goals mediates the attentional blink effect. Experimental Psychology 54: 89–98.
- 51. Morton J, Johnson MH (1991) CONSPEC and CONLERN: a two-process theory of infant face recognition. Psychological Review 98: 164–181.
- 52. Farah MJ, Wilson KD, Drain M, Tanaka JN (1998) What is "special" about face perception? Psychological Review 105: 482–498.
- 53. Hershler O, Hochstein S (2005) At first sight: a high-level pop out effect for faces. Vision Research 45: 1707–1724.
- 54. Reddy L, Reddy L, Koch C (2006) Face identification in the near-absence of focal attention. Vision Research 46: 2336–2343.
- 55. Whalen PJ, Rauch SL, Etcoff NL, McInerney SC, Lee MB, et al. (1998) Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience 18: 411–418.
- 56. Morris JS, Ohman A, Dolan RJ (1998) Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature 393: 467–470.
- 57. Weaver MD, Lauwereyns J (2011) Attentional capture and hold: the oculomotor correlates of the change detection advantage for faces. Psychological Research 75: 10–23.
- 58. Adolphs R (2010) What does the amygdala contribute to social cognition? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1191: 42–61.


text:
comFlorence Njamfa, Global Creative and Brand Communication Director Everience IT, Business & End User Serviceswww.forum curl secret de babyliss And now it's even easier to have your favourite newspapers delivered to your door, wherever you are in the world. Placed her right hand in the middle of her thighs and used her fingers to play with her pussy by inserting her fingers inside her pussy hole.
00 10:30pm Location: The Guardian, 90 York Way, King's Cross, London, N1 9GU Date: 24 September 2012 To book: click here Enjoy.plancha rizadora babyliss pro miracurl perfect curl How do I know how many of my monthly minutes are left for my Talk 250, Talk 500 International or Talk 1000 International bundle. 00 Origin: South Korea Size: 18cm external diameter, 8cm high Traditional stone dish for Korean bibimbap Dolsot Stone Bowl With Stone Lid £45.babyliss hair curler new ireland tourism
Stage 2 Baby Weaning find out more monitoring productsmonitorsthermometers adviceReducing the Risk of Cot DeathBaby Crying AdviceCan a Baby Sleep Too Much. A mesh shoulder yolk has been built in to carry the weight of the gear and prevent any type of sagging even under strenuous activity. Lights out for the campers to make sure they get a good night's sleep ready to do it all over again tomorrow.babyliss pro perfect curl blogspot
Again, whether you fully believe Donaghy or not, he does provide a fascinating perspective into the world of refereeing that simply no one else can provide.


text:
$12,997.00 Today
Used 2011 Honda Accord
2011 Honda Accord EX-L Recently traded Clean carfax One owner Like new condition AM/ FM / Cd changer Leather seats Heated seats Sunroof Loaded with many options Please hurry up and take it for a free test drive today
Martinsburg, WV
$10,999.00 Today
$10,999, An Impressive 2011 Honda Accord Sdn with 93,896 Miles
Powered by AutofundsCall: (860) 296-2311www.franklinsauto.com173 Franklin Ave, Hartford, CT 06114Hartford, CT(860) 296-2311www.franklinsauto.comALL INVENTORYAPPLY FOR FINANCEVALUE YOUR TRADE2011 Honda Accord Sdn se with 93,896 milesVehicle SpecificationsYear2011MakeHondaModelAccord Sdn Body Type4dr Car TransmissionAutomatic ExteriorBlack Interiorblack VIN1HGCP2F67BA029218 Stock #029218 18 Highway1
Springfield, MO
$12,999.00 Today
$12,999, 2011 Honda Accord
Marx Motors, LLC 6125010255 735 1st ave E. www.marxmotorsllc.com Shakopee, MN 55379 2011 Honda Accord Visit our website at www.marxmotorsllc.com Contact Sales at: 6125010255 735 1st ave E. Shakopee, MN 55379 Year 2011 Make Honda Model Accord Trim EX-L V6 2dr Coupe 5A Miles 59,569 Factory Color Black Leather Body Styles Doors 4 Engine Transmission Drive Type Inventory ID 11201 2011 Honda Accord LOT
Eau Claire, WI
$9,999.00 Today
$9,999, 2011 Honda Accord Sedan
La Joya Auto Sales & Lease 702-385-9505 2520 Fremont St. lajoyaauto.net Las Vegas, NV 89104 2011 Honda Accord Sedan Visit our website at lajoyaauto.net Contact Ashlee at: 702-385-9505 2520 Fremont St. Las Vegas, NV 89104 Year 2011 Make Honda Model Accord Sedan Trim 4dr I4 Auto EX-L Kilometers 98,412 Factory Color Body Styles Sedan Doors 4 Engine 4 Cylinders Transmission Automatic Drive Type Fr
Mohave, AZ
$12,988.00 Today
$12,988, 2011 Honda Accord
Summit Auto and Cycle 18956 480th street Zumbrota, MN 55992 5076965217 2011 Honda Accord blue / Grey 58,600 Miles / VIN: 1HGCP2F43BA080892 Contact kaleb decook 18956 480th street Zumbrota, MN 55992 Phone: 5076965217 Visit our website at Year 2011 Make Honda Model Accord Trim LX-P 4dr Sedan Miles 58,600 Factory Color Grey Body Styles Doors Engine Transmission Automatic Drive Type Inventory ID C842
Des Moines, IA
$11,000.00 Today
$11,000, 2011 Honda Accord EXL - $11,000 - 70092911
2011 Honda Accord EXL - $11,000More Details: http://www.autoshopper.com/used-cars/2011_Honda_Accord_EXL_Florence_AL-70092911.htmMiles: 83477Engine: 4 CylinderStock #: P880 Thornton Motors256-764-7222 2536 Florence Blvd,35630 google map | yahoo map
Shoals, AL
$16,995.00 Today
$16,995, 2011 Honda Accord Crosstour EX-L 2WD 5-Spd AT - $16,995 - 70400922
2011 Honda Accord Crosstour EX-L 2WD 5-Spd AT - $16,995Abs Brakes,Air Conditioning,Alloy Wheels,Am/Fm Radio,Automatic Headlights,Cargo Area Cover,Cargo Area Tiedowns,Cd Changer,Cd Player,Child Safety Door Locks,Cruise Control,Daytime Running Lights,Deep Tinted Glass,Driver Airbag,Driver Multi-Adjustable Power Seat,Electrochromic Interior Rearview Mirror,Electronic Brake Assistance,Fog Lights,Front
Greensboro, NC
$10,450.00 1 day ago
2011 *Honda* *Accord* EX-L Coupe AT - Call or Text! Financing Availabl - $10450 (~ *Honda* *Accord* EX-L Coupe AT)
2011 *Honda* *Accord* EX-L Coupe ATOffered by: Best Price Auto Sales — (405) 679-2471 — $10,450Best Price Auto SalesYear: 2011Make: HondaModel: AccordSeries: EX-L Coupe ATVIN: 1HGCS1B89BA003025Stock #: 3728Condition: UsedMPG: 22 city / 33 highwayExterior: REDInterior: BlackBody: EX-L Coupe ATTransmission: AutomaticEngine: 2.4L L4 DOHC 16VFinancing Available Here! Get your Approval on t
1 day ago
Oklahoma City, OK
$13,295.00 1 day ago
2011 Honda Accord - BAD CREDIT OK
(919)745-8568 ext 0117Enter Vehicle ID 0117 and mention Stock 11901018152011 Honda Accord - BAD CREDIT OK!82,453 Miles4/2.4L I4 177hp 161ft. lbs. Engine$13,295Call Now0117Vehicle ID1190101815Stock Vehicle DetailsLearn More >>VIN1HGCP2F30BA068514Stock1190101815Transmission5-Speed AutomaticExt. ColorBLACKInt. ColorIvorySchedule A Test Drive Today!DriveTime - Greensboro - Capital Blvd3628 Capit
1 day ago
Raleigh, NC
$12,999.00 2 days ago
$12,999, 2011 Honda Accord
Marx Motors, LLC 6125010255 735 1st ave E. www.marxmotorsllc.com Shakopee, MN 55379 2011 Honda Accord Visit our website at www.marxmotorsllc.com Contact Sales at: 6125010255 735 1st ave E. Shakopee, MN 55379 Year 2011 Make Honda Model Accord Trim EX-L V6 2dr Coupe 5A Miles 59,569 Factory Color Black Leather Body Styles Doors 4 Engine Transmission Drive Type Inventory ID 11201 2011 Honda Accord LOT
2 days ago
Eau Claire, WI
$10,995.00 3 days ago
$10,995, 2011 Honda Accord Cpe
GULF BEACH AUTO INC (850) 696-2894 3304 gulf beach hwy gulfbeachauto.v12soft.com Pensacola, FL 32507 Contact Gus 3304 gulf beach hwy Pensacola, FL 32507 Phone: (850) 696-2894 Year 2011 Make Honda Model Accord Cpe Trim 2dr V6 Auto EX-L Miles 82,206 Factory Color Beige Body Styles Coupe Doors 2 Engine 6 Cylinders Transmission Automatic Drive Type Front Wheel Drive Inventory ID 11152 2011 Honda Accor
3 days ago
Mobile, AL
$14,095.00 3 days ago
$14,095, 2011 Honda Accord EX-L - $14,095 - 70453146
2011 Honda Accord EX-L - $14,095A deal like this on such a refined car does not come up for grabs very often; so you better act fast. New Car Test Drive called it ...big on efficiency; whether that means getting the most power and range from a gallon of gas; delivering the most interior space for the exterior dimensions or providing the smoothest; quietest ride and highest level of crash protectio
3 days ago
Houma, LA
$10,500.00 3 days ago
$10,500, 2011 Honda Accord LX Sedan AT - $10,500 - 70186362
2011 Honda Accord LX Sedan AT - $10,500Abs Brakes,Air Conditioning,Am/Fm Radio,Automatic Headlights,Cd Player,Child Safety Door Locks,Cruise Control,Daytime Running Lights,Driver Airbag,Electronic Brake Assistance,Front Air Dam,Front Side Airbag,Interval Wipers,Keyless Entry,Passenger Airbag,Power Adjustable Exterior Mirror,Power Door Locks,Power Windows,Rear Window Defogger,Second Row Folding Sea
3 days ago
Tulsa, OK
Contact Us 4 days ago
2011 Honda Accord EX-L V6 - 70207749
2011 Honda Accord EX-L V6Front Wheel Drive, Power Steering, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, Aluminum Wheels, Tires - Front Performance, Tires - Rear Performance, Temporary Spare Tire, Sun/Moonroof, Sun/Moon Roof, Automatic Headlights, Fog Lamps, Heated Mirrors, Power Mirror(S), Intermittent Wipers, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Am/Fm Stereo, Cd Changer, Cd Player, Premium Sound System, Mp3 Player, Auxi
4 days ago
Statesboro, GA
Contact Us
$13,998.00 4 days ago
$13,998, 2011 Honda Accord EX-L - $13,998 - 70238559
2011 Honda Accord EX-L - $13,998Car shopping should be fun and easy. At CarMax it is! Our set prices mean you\\\'ll never have to haggle and you can concentrate on finding the right car for you. We stand behind each and every used car we sell with 5-Day Money-Back Guarantee and 30-Day Limited Warranty (60-Day in CT and MN; 90-Day in MA, NY, and NJ). See our store for written details, and visit car
4 days ago
Rochester, NY
$13,595.00 4 days ago
2011 Honda Accord LX - BAD CREDIT OK
(804)433-3490 ext 0009Enter Vehicle ID 0009 and mention Stock 17300157692011 Honda Accord LX - BAD CREDIT OK!69,969 Miles4/2.4L I4 177hp 161ft. lbs. Engine$13,595Call Now0009Vehicle ID1730015769Stock Vehicle DetailsLearn More >>VIN1HGCP2F30BA017661Stock1730015769Transmission5-Speed AutomaticExt. ColorAlabaster Silver MetallicInt. ColorBlackSchedule A Test Drive Today!DriveTime - Richmond - M
4 days ago
Richmond, VA
$12,999.00 6 days ago
$12,999, 2011 Honda Accord Sdn
Mace Motors 1217 Crowslanding Road Modesto, CA 95351 (209) 544-1612 2011 Honda Accord Sdn Maroon / Beige 78,126 Miles / VIN: 1HGCP2F4XBA097365 Contact Abe 1217 Crowslanding Road Modesto, CA 95351 Phone: (209) 544-1612 Visit our website at macemotorsusa.com Year 2011 Make Honda Model Accord Sdn Trim 4dr I4 Auto LX-P Miles 78,126 Factory Color Beige Body Styles Sedan Doors 4 Engine 4 Cylinders Trans
6 days ago
Modesto, CA
$14,688.00 6 days ago
$14,688, 2011 Honda Accord 2.4 EX
. 2011 Honda Accord 2.4 EX $14688 Call (814) 201-3978 ext. 8 Honda Cars at Street Track N Trail (814) 201-3978 ext. 8 13723 Conneaut Lake Rd, Conneaut Lake, PA 16316 Thank you for your interest in one of Street Track & Trail\\\'s online offerings. Please continue for more information regarding this 2011 Honda Accord Sdn SDN with 55,973 miles. Drive home in your new pre-owned vehicle with the c
6 days ago
Meadville, PA
$12,808.00 6 days ago
$12,808, Polished Metal Metallic 2011 Honda Accord $12,808.00 Call 888 460-0120
Millennium Honda(888) 460-0120 2011 Honda Accord $12,808.00 Year: 2011 Trim: 4dr V6 Auto EX Transmission: Automatic Mileage: 72546 Make: Honda Stock #: U22744T Exterior Color: Polished Metal Metallic Phone: (888) 460-0120 Model: Accord VIN: 1HGCP3F75BA018751 Interior Type: Vehicle Description This Honda Accord is located in Hempstead and is available for a list price of $12,808.00. This vehicles v
6 days ago
Long Island, NY
$14,495.00 1 week ago
2011 Honda Accord Crosstour EX
(702)430-2708 ext 0117Enter Vehicle ID 0117 and mention Stock 10700610262011 Honda Accord Crosstour EX121,215 Miles6/3.5L V6 271hp 254ft. lbs. Engine$14,495Call Now0117Vehicle ID1070061026Stock Vehicle DetailsLearn More >>VIN5J6TF1H37BL002095Stock1070061026Transmission5-Speed AutomaticExt. ColorGRAYInt. ColorBLACKSchedule A Test Drive Today!DriveTime - Las Vegas - Sahara3030 E Sahara AveLas
1 week ago
Las Vegas, NV


text:
January 28, 2014
Stories this photo appears in:
Editorial: Montezuma-Rimrock, Camp Verde fire districts set good example for rest of Verde Valley
The decision by the Montezuma-Rimrock and Camp Verde fire districts to share a single fire chief could be the first falling domino to make shared services something more than just a talking point in the Verde Valley.Camp Verde and Montezuma-Rimrock took a calm and well-reasoned analysis of modern-day fiscal realities before making the decision to have Terry Keller serve as fire chief for both districts.
Comments are not posted immediately. Submissions must adhere to our Use of Service Terms of Use agreement. Rambling or nonsensical comments may not be posted. In order for us to reasonably manage this feature we may limit excessive comment entries.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


text:
Send this page to friend or colleague Tweet March at a glance MonTueWedThuFriSatSun 123456 78910111213 14151617181920 21222324252627 28293031 See what's on in April 2016. Started by: nk802 Forum: Relationships Replies: 25 Last post: Does the University you go to matter if it isn't Russell group. We support them in putting those decisions into action by advising on work experience, CVs, applications, interview skills, assessment centres etc.
store finder recipes follow us Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest Youtube wishlist sign in Search 0 Recently added items You have no items in your shopping basket. She's done her fair share of adventures but this is her first try at have fun in front of the camera for her first ever amateur adult video. Recipes Fitness Healthy Living Mental Health Featured By Kimberly Bond Research report reveals children think '.
Higher quality materials will last longer than cheaper wooden beds, making them more of an investment and the overall build tends to be more solid. If you registered for Online Banking after this date, please log on to Online Banking entering your username, memorable answer and your password, from here you will be prompted to activate your Secure Key. She taking for a swim with her sash on, dipping her legs in the pool with her big natural boobs and her puff round and pink nipples fully exposed.


text:
Hey Willpower at Death by Audio
Hey Willpower Death by Audio January 10 photos by Rebecca Smeyne
Hey Willpower's live show is bound to cause nightmares. It isn't the seafoam-green jumpsuit that Imperial Teen's Will Schwartz wears onstage--or the eyeful of man cameltoe assaulting the rest of us of when he dances in it. Rather, it is the creature stationed behind a MacBook, in the back--a furry bunny with droopy breasts and a big bare-skinned belly. But that's the way this San Francisco queer-pop dance band rolls, all electro-sass jams and uncomfortable sextapositions, Har Mar without the jokes, Prince without unimpeachable hits. A line like "I feel you melting in my hands" from "Magic Window"--a single off Hey Willpower's PDA, out in North America on the 20th--is both meant to be literal and cheeky, as is the beckoning, "Come to the party in my pants." I was there on Saturday, and yes, the party in Schwartz's pants was too. So was Vampire Weekend frontman Ezra Koenig (photo below). Awkward.
Get the Music Newsletter
Keep your thumb on the local music scene each week with music news, trends, artist interviews and concert listings. We'll also send you special ticket offers and music deals.
In Case You Missed It
Upcoming Events
Maná: Latino Power Tour 2016
TicketsMon., Oct. 24, 8:00pm
Anderson, Rabin & Wakeman
TicketsMon., Oct. 24, 8:00pm
Local Natives
TicketsTue., Oct. 25, 7:00pm
Steely Dan with Rickie Lee Jones
TicketsTue., Oct. 25, 8:00pm
Popular Stories
Sponsor Content


text:
3D Printed Gun Crazy
Just over a year after Cody Wilson's Liberator was fired, another round of 3D printing gun stories make the headlines. more
12 May 2014 17:10 PERSONALIZE
3D scanning technology utilised to map crime scenes
Police in Queensland, Australia, are using 3D scanning technology to map out crime scenes in 3D using a Zebedee 3D scanner developed by CSIRO. more
14 Feb 2014 15:36 Imaging
How 3D printing is straddling the good-guy/bad-guy divide
There's been two stories this week on how 3D printing is being used to both aid and apprehend criminals. more
21 Aug 2013 11:24 PERSONALIZE


text:
Chicago Reggie Pizza
Domino's® $5.99 Deal
2 Medium 2-Topping Pizzas
Only $5.99 Each: Order Now!
1. Reggie's Pizza Express
411 S Wells St Ste 1Chicago, IL 60607
2. Dino's PizzeriaMenu
7004 W Higgins AveChicago, IL 60656
From Business: Dino's Pizzeria has been a family owned and operated neighborhood tradition on the Northwest Side of Chicago since 1968. Step inside our door or call for delivery, …
3. Italian Fiesta PizzeriaMenu
4. Pizza HutMenu
My husband and I love Pizza Hut (reminds us of when we were kiddos) but haven't been able to order for delivery UNTIL last weekend we noticed a stor…
5. Villa Palermo PizzaMenu
I've ordered from here for the past 3 or 4 years and I love it 95% of the time. Great pizza!
6. Chicago's PizzaMenu
Originally from Chicago I have had my fair share of deep dish pizza's. This is probably the best, actually scratch that, is the best I have had in…
7. Avy's PizzaMenu
I tried Avy's Pizza for the first time but I did not think the food here would taste this great! From there great assortment of stuffed and pan piz…
8. Loop Pizza
400 S Financial PlChicago, IL 60605
9. Atinos PizzaMenu
1511 E Hyde Park BlvdChicago, IL 60615
10. CW NapkinMenu
1011 W Irving Park RdChicago, IL 60613
11. Homemade Pizza Co.Menu
1651 N Wells StChicago, IL 60614
12. Armand's PizzeriaMenu
I always stop by for a slice best pizza in Chicago been around forever thanks. Don't forget to try the stuffed artichokes they're out of this world …
13. Jr's Pizza
3107 W 71st StChicago, IL 60629
14. Dena's
4737 W 63rd StChicago, IL 60629
15. Graffiti PizzaMenu
700 E 47th StChicago, IL 60653
From Business: Customizable pizzas, wraps, and salads
16. Purple Haze
3415 N Clark StChicago, IL 60657
17. Leona's Restaurant
11060 S Western AveChicago, IL 60643
18. Prestige Food Market
345 N Central Ave Unit DChicago, IL 60644
19. Papa Ray's Pizza & Wings
4757 N Sheridan RdChicago, IL 60640
20. MinibarMenu
So my friend Laura and I live right around the corner from Minibar and I must say, I had an amazing time. The servers were completely nice and atten…
21. Stefano's Pizzeria - CLOSED
Let me got the pizza out of the way: it's great. I'm a fan of the stuffed spinach, which is done just like a Chicago-style pizza should be. It's exa…
22. Rene's PizzaMenu
3530 W 63rd StChicago, IL 60629
23. Sarpino's PizzeriaMenu
4830 N Pulaski RdChicago, IL 60630
24. Bella VitaMenu
133 N California AveChicago, IL 60612
25. Slim'sMenu
2020 W Montrose AveChicago, IL 60618
26. Pizzaro's PizzaMenu
6924 W Grand AveChicago, IL 60707
27. Pete's Pizza BakehouseMenu
1100 W Granville AveChicago, IL 60660
28. Connie's Pizza
2301 S Lake Shore Dr, McCormick PlaceChicago, IL 60616
29. Reggio's Pizza Express
5600 Mannheim RdChicago, IL 60666
Domino's® $5.99 Deal
2 Medium 2-Topping Pizzas
Only $5.99 Each: Order Now!


text:
Battered Britain faces mass power cuts after new storm
London: Hurricane-force winds from an Atlantic storm left tens of thousands of Britons without power on Thursday and one man dead, adding to the misery after devastating floods caused by the wettest winter in 250 years.
Around 80,000 households remain without electricity, with Wales the worst affected by the "Wild Wednesday" storms, although the figure was reduced from some 150,000 overnight as electricity workers battled to reconnect people.
The latest problems pile pressure on Prime Minister David Cameron`s government, which has faced criticism for being slow to help people in flood-hit areas.
"We have seen some pretty horrendous conditions," said Tim Field of the Energy Networks Association, which represents energy companies, adding that they were trying to get people back on line as fast as possible.
Britain also faces an economic battering after Bank of England governor Mark Carney said the fragile recovery from recession would be affected as the bad weather hits farming and transport.
"There`s a big human cost here and I absolutely recognise that," he told ITV News.
"Then there`s the disruption to economic activity that we see just through transport, but farming clearly will be affected for some time, other businesses.
"It is something that will affect the near-time outlook."
Major General Patrick Sanders, who is co-ordinating the armed forces response that has seen hundreds of troops on the streets, called the conditions an "almost unparalleled natural crisis".
Gusts approaching 160 kilometres per hour tore at parts of England and Wales overnight, and the River Thames was predicted to rise to its highest level in more than 60 years in places, threatening towns and villages to the west of London.
One man died after being electrocuted while attempting to move a fallen tree that had brought down power lines in Wiltshire, southwest England, the first to be killed in the latest round of storms.
The floods were also spreading, as water filled the historic crypt of Winchester Cathedral in the southern county of Hampshire. The gothic cathedral has the longest nave in Europe.
The weather conditions brought chaos for commuters, stranding a train carrying hundreds of passengers after overhead lines came down in Yorkshire, northern England.
The Met Office national weather service issued a red warning -- the highest threat level -- for "exceptionally strong winds" in western parts of Wales and northwest England.
More from India
More from World
More from Sports
More from Entertaiment
- Panel discussion over vote bank politics on Hinduism
- DNA: Terrorists' new strategy of snatching weapons from Indian security personnel
- Panel discussion over delayed development in Ayodhya
- Don't give any importance to Ramgopal Yadav's remarks: Mulayam Singh Yadav
- Watch: Report on delayed development in Ayodhya
- Pakistan's brutality exposed; `Black Day` protesters thrashed in PoK - Video goes viral
- WATCH: Akhilesh Yadav's emotional speech revealing the real reason behind Samajwadi Party crisis; he was about to cry
- Pakistan High Commission staffer, briefly detained for espionage, asked to leave India in 48 hours
- India vs New Zealand: Awestruck Kiwis witness MS Dhoni driving his Hummer in Ranchi, and photo goes viral
- Naya Bazar explosion: Home Ministry seeks report from Delhi Police; one dead, 5 injured