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Price details
This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$817 avg/night5-7 night min stay
2 BR 3 BA Sleeps 6$257 avg/night7 night min stay
3 Bedroom Plus Loft - Sunset Captiva 15#4232025ha3 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 8$309 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$253 avg/night3-7 night min stay
3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$311 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$407 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$281 avg/night2-7 night min stay
1 BR 1 BA Sleeps 4$189 avg/night2-7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$374 avg/night1-7 night min stay
South Seas Beach Villa 2528#3505527ha2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$230 avg/night7 night min stay
South Seas Beach Villa 2001#3505420ha2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 4$186 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$350 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$223 avg/night7 night min stay
5 BR 5.5 BA Sleeps 14$912 avg/night7 night min stay
4 BR 4.5 BA Sleeps 10$647 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$236 avg/night7 night min stay
4 BR 3 BA Sleeps 10$639 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$335 avg/night7 night min stay
South Seas Beach Cottage 1416#3505419ha2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$343 avg/night7 night min stay
5 BR 5.5 BA Sleeps 12$796 avg/night7 night min stay
Bayside Sunset Captiva 103#3505452ha2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$203 avg/night7 night min stay
6 BR 6.5 BA Sleeps 23$1,645 avg/night3-7 night min stay
Very "Beachy"- Super Cute! Sunset Captiva 19#3505540ha2 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 6$231 avg/night7 night min stay
Sunset Captiva 21#3505455ha2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$223 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 4 BA Sleeps 10$584 avg/night7 night min stay
3 Bedroom, Beachfront Home - Beach House 4#3505486ha3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 6$461 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 6$284 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 8$829 avg/night7 night min stay
4 BR 4 BA Sleeps 10$489 avg/night7 night min stay
6 BR 7.5 BA Sleeps 12$1,424 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 6$256 avg/night7 night min stay
6 BR 6 BA Sleeps 14$989 avg/night7 night min stay
5 BR 5 BA Sleeps 10$1,084 avg/night7 night min stay
4 BR 4.5 BA Sleeps 8$751 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 4$276 avg/night7-14 night min stay
Captiva Beach Villa - Ark#3505490ha3 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 8$744 avg/night7 night min stay
4 BR 4 BA Sleeps 12$589 avg/night7 night min stay
Gorgeous, Gulf Front Home - Captiva Paradise#3505497ha5 BR 4 BA Sleeps 10$1,091 avg/night7 night min stay
5 BR 4.5 BA Sleeps 12$807 avg/night7 night min stay
8 BR 7.5 BA Sleeps 20$1,194 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 6$588 avg/night7 night min stay
5 BR 4 BA Sleeps 10$683 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 8$451 avg/night2-7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$266 avg/night7 night min stay
5 BR 5.5+ BA Sleeps 14$1,427 avg/night7 night min stay
3 BR 3 BA Sleeps 6$610 avg/night7 night min stay
2 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$281 avg/night7 night min stay
Between the Bay and the Beach- Rainbows End#3942294ha7 BR 5 BA Sleeps 14$1,181 avg/night7 night min stay
6 BR 5.5 BA Sleeps 14$1,123 avg/night7 night min stay
4 Bedroom, Beach Front - Beach House 9#3505487ha4 BR 3.5 BA Sleeps 10$652 avg/night7 night min stay
Other areas nearby to Captiva Island:
Recent Captiva Island reviews
"Life's a Beach is wonderful, a beach cottage paradise. It has so many amenities, exactly as described. The cottage is bright and clean and in a lovely, very quiet neighborhood. The property is comfortable and well maintained. Each year we notice improvements and new items for guests to use, a new grill this year. Though we didn't cook, other than quick breakfasts, it's nice to have the option, with a grill and full kitchen. This was our third visit, and we've already booked our fourth. I anxiously await our return every year, sometimes watching sunsets on The Mucky Duck webcam. Our favorite things are the beach decor, lush plants and trees, the hot tub, nightly sunsets less than a block away, and good restaurants within easy walking distance or a short drive away. We bought a coupon book through the Sanibel-Captiva Kiwanis Club for $35 with many buy one/get one entree coupons (keep an eye on their Facebook page for when they go on sale). There is so much to do in the Captiva-Sanibel area! We simply love it and take full advantage of what there is to do, plus relaxing, of course! This year we went shelling at low tide at Bowman's Beach (score!), attended a beach walk with a marine biologist at Island Inn in Sanibel (register through Bailey Matthews National Shell Museum, in person or on their website), kayaked around Buck Key with Adventure Sea Kayak from Tween Waters property (many birds, a small shark, dolphins swimming not even six feet away, a cormorant named Carl that lands on the kayaks watching for fish stirred up by the paddles), drove through J.N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge to see birds, crab races at The Crow's Nest Restaurant at Tween Waters (what a hoot, at least once in a lifetime), and went to hear Randy Wayne White speak about his brand new book in the Hannah series, "Seduced." This series is good, but don't miss his Doc Ford series. We did a one-day trip to Key West from Ft. Myers Beach on the Key West Express catamaran. In Key West, we went to the Butterfly Museum, Ernest Hemingway's home, Southernmost point buoy for pictures, Southernmost Cafe for a delicious lunch, and Schooner Wharf bar for a quick drink before boarding for our return. I highly recommend Life's a Beach!"Guest: Moira Date of Stay: October 2016 Review Submitted: October 25, 2016View listing
"What a great place to stay! From the moment we walked thru the front door, it felt like home! The cottage was beautifully decorated, very comfortable, and extremely clean. It had everything we needed for a comfortable week at the beach, which was just a short walk away. Our family of five fell in love with Captiva! The water was so incredibly warm, and we saw dolphins from the beach every single day. Truly an amazing experience and stay!"Guest: TheOregonWolfePack Date of Stay: June 2016 Review Submitted: July 12, 2016View listing
"Wow! We just returned and we already can't wait for our return. Upon our arrival, the owner, Ruth, couldn't have made us feel any more welcomed! She was so hospitable and friendly as she told us all about her fabulous house. The house is beautiful, extremely clean, and very well maintained. Also, if you love to cook, she has everything in her kitchen that you could possibly need! The rooms are decorated beautifully and plush with very comfortable beds. You won't need to bring a thing: chairs, beach towels, umbrellas, coolers, beach wagon to tote everything in, etc! Also, the home has a great layout! The house is steps from the beach and also a short walk to the pool. The island itself is breathtaking and anywhere you want to go is walking distance. Or, you can also rent a golf cart to ride around in. There is a place on the island that you can rent from and it is reasonably priced. If you plan on doing that, be sure to reserve a cart before you depart because they go fast. We will definitely be returning! Thank you Ruth for renting out your beautiful beach home to us! We had the BEST time! xo -Jennifer"Guest: Jennifer T. Date of Stay: June 2016 Review Submitted: June 17, 2016View listing
"My husband and I were able to take a very last minute vacation from work with our 2 young children. With less than 24 hours notice, we were able to contact the owner despite her being out of the country and book 4 nights at this condo. She was incredibly friendly, professional and accommodating. Everything was handled via email and one phone call and she provided tons of information in her welcome email. We checked in after hours and it was super simple. Once we arrived, we were so pleased with our choice. The condo is very well maintained, professionally cleaned and well supplied. The bed was very comfortable. The separate sink and shower/toilet was great! Having a screened lanai is priceless as we were able to sit out there in the mornings and late evenings without worry of mosquitoes or bugs. Not to mention, the view was fabulous!! While the pool is very convenient to this unit, the beach is just a few yards away and AMAZING. We spent all day, every day on the beach and only used the pool once. All of the provided chairs, coolers, toys, etc. were awesome! We cooked breakfast and lunch in the condo every day and everything we needed was in the cabinets, even ziplocs. The restaurants were all very close. And while we did eat at Doc Ford's one night, we tried the owner's recommendations the other nights and were much happier with those experiences. I would definitely recommend this unit. We hope to return next year for sure!"Guest: Elizabeth K. Date of Stay: July 2016 Review Submitted: July 26, 2016View listing
Featured Destinations: Dauphin Island, Isle of Palms, Bald Head Island, Destin Condo Rentals


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I'm looking for a tourfor a first time trip to Israel. I would prefer a small group ten to twenty people . I don't if that exists . I can't find it searching the web . A private tour would probably too expensive but a large group does not sound appealing . I'm travelling with my husband . We are in our 50's . We could do a high end tiyr . Thank you
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Small group tours in israel
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A high end (tiyr?) tour would likely cost about the same as a private tour with your own guide & car, staying in nice but smaller, more interesting lodgings. It's what I did some years ago, 4 of us with a guide about half of the time, the rest spent at 2 locations with time to wander. I found it an excellent way to see the country and much easier and more satisfying than a larger group would have been.
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If seeking 'group' tours, check out:
In NYC - Isram, believe located on 3rd Ave unless they've moved. Have small groups and different level of hotels.
In Phila burg - Gate 1, also small groups.
Hope this helps
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Thank you . I now have been talking to a private guide who also said we won't need him every day. Which places did you do on your own , where was the guide especially helpful ? Also my husband does not want to rent a car. Did your guide drive you from place to place . What was your itinerary?
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Also , forgot to ask what interesting lodgings did you stay in?
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Yes, the guide drove us. She picked us up at Vered Hagalil, where we'd spent about a week touring the area on horseback and by car with the owners. Drove us to Masada, visited an Arabian horse farm and took us to Bethlehem where she got us past the line into the grotto, very useful. Then to Jerusalem where she left us, for the most part, then took us to Jaffa before our flight from Tel Aviv.
I loved Vered Hagalil, north shore of Galilee. Then just a big hotel, Hilton if I recall, in Jerusalem. When I mentioned "interesting" I was also thinking of a church accommodation I investigated near the Jaffa Gate. Not for everyone but I loved the place and had I gone back, would have wanted to stay there. But I'm sure there are loads of small accommodations of all descriptions that I'd have liked more than the Hilton. It was fine but not intimate.
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If you are not going to rent a car then you definitely would need the driving guide for the Galilee area. This area is very difficult to get around by public transportation. If you look on Trip Advisor there are loads of recommended guides as well as a thread that tells you how to interview and find the guide that fits you best. BTW a guide will frequently offer suggestions for the day you are not together. If you are on your own most days, a guide may charge for this service but if you are with the guide most of the time, most will provide this service for free. Note: I am talking about them actually putting together a detailed itinerary for you--not just offering a few idea.
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Overseas Adventure Travel has 10-16 max travelers for their tour of Israel with optional Jordan add on. Our guide was incredibly knowledgeable and the tour was great.
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Commercial group tours tend to be an easy way for an overview of an area, but less good for those of us not amenable to traveling on others' schedule and/or have particular interests. I'm not suggesting they're a bad idea but I do suggest that they aren't for everyone and costs can be similar to independent travel. I've been on 1 tour, my first trip to N. Africa, and realized immediately I could easily have done it myself. For those who prefer not to make their own arrangements and are willing to accept the possible down sides of group travel, it can be convenient.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Check in from 14h / Check out prior to 11h
Grand Menteng Hotel: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Grand Menteng Hotel is set in Jakarta and is within a short walk of nearby landmarks, including the National Library of Indonesia. It also offers valet parking, a coffee bar and a beauty centre.
Hotel description
This 3-star hotel provides meeting rooms, a hair salon and a concierge. Airport transfers and a laundry service are available upon enquiry.
The rooms are air conditioned and include a refrigerator, a mini bar and tea and coffee making facilities. They all have bottled water, a flat-screen TV and wireless internet access.
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is less than a 40-minute drive from Grand Menteng Hotel Jakarta. Ancol Dreamland, the National Monument and Ancol Dreamland are within a 20-minute car ride from the hotel.
Hotel features
Room Service, Air Conditioned, Mini Bar, Refrigerator, Cable / Satellite TV, Coffee / Tea Maker, TV, Shower
Business Center, Concierge, Elevator / Lift, Safe-Deposit Box, Meeting Rooms, Laundry service, Shops, Luggage Storage, Designated Smoking Area, Shops in Hotel
Fitness Room/Gym, Tour Desk, Massage / Beauty Centre, Bath / Hot Tub, Spa & Wellness Centre
Internet Connection (wireless)
Airport shuttle, Valet Parking
Nightclubs, Salon, Bathrobes
Availability and Prices
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Jl. K.H. Samanhudi No 25, Jakarta
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A posh and upscale lifestyle, a strong sense of community and a wide range of conveniences – these are just some of the positives experienced by the Arabian Ranches residents.
The popular family development that comprises luxury homes is located on Shaikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road, just a few minutes from Shaikh Zayed Road and Mall of the Emirates.
Popularly known for its luxurious lifestyle and family-friendly environment, Arabian Ranches also boasts some of the finest leisure and entertainment facilities in Dubai. While leisure spots like golf courses and a clubhouse have raised its entertainment quotient to another level, the Dubai Equestrian & Polo Club is a premium leisure destination by itself. The locality also displays a fine choice of shopping and dining options at the village community center, including medical services and beauty salons.
Gulshan Kavarana, husband Zeheer and daughters Jenai and Zara have been residents of this community for the past nine years. Prior to this, they resided in a furnished apartment at The Galleria Residence in Deira for nine years. Gulshan is the Founder of Special Families Support group and Art Di-rector at Mawaheb, an art studio for adults with disabilities, while Zeheer works as Manager-ARD at Dubai Drydocks.
Commenting upon her life in Arabian Ranches, Gulshan says, "Arabian Ranches offers villa living with far more residential space as the villas come with a backyard. It is a peaceful locality tucked away from the hustle and bustle of city life. The area is beautifully landscaped, pet-friendly, safe and secure with sleek maintenance."
Despite the luxurious lifestyle the community offers, Gulshan's biggest bugbear, however, has been that the homes are not wheelchair-friendly. The family wanted to build a ramp to facilitate the easy movement of Zara's wheelchair, but they were met with resistance by the management. Eventually, she got permission to build a ramp. Gulshan says, "The doors in the house should be wide enough for a wheelchair to pass through and it should be mandatory to grant wheelchair access."
She further says that another niggle that the Ranches residents face is that it has only two entries and exits. "The traffic situation, particularly during the rush hours, is nightmarish! I have to leave for work half an hour early to beat the traffic. With the school buses cutting in on the Dubai-Al Ain Road, driving becomes a risky affair."
The fact that many senior citizens reside in the community makes it highly desirable to have a senior citizens group that can provide them with a platform to mingle with other grandparents.
Another suggestion concerns the convenience of live-in nannies who find it difficult to move around the city, particularly on Fridays, in the absence of public transport. "If a bus service was started at 30-minute intervals, that would largely facilitate the movement of domestic helps. The fact that hiring of cabs is not affordable for maids puts a greater emphasis on upgrading the public transport connectivity in this part," says Gulshan.
She adds, "Roads in the Ranches are single-lane. These should be converted into double-lane roads to create a smoother traffic flow. To add to the distress, these roads are humped by horrible speed bumps. Converting these into rumble strips would be a much better option for safety."
However, the family is more than satisfied with what Arabian Ranches has to offer.
• Safe and secure
• Sleek maintenance
• Golf course, polo and equestrian club
• Clubhouse and swimming pools
• Parks and play areas
• Traffic snarls during rush hours
• Single-lane roads
• No public transport available
Source: Bandana Jain, Special to Freehold


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Just installed Spiceworks. When I try to invoke it, I get the starting screen, but the software never gets past it. Eventually there is a message that says that it is slow starting and to go to Spiceworks support to ask about it.
3 Replies
· · ·
Best Answer
Mar 29, 2010 at 3:57 UTC
What kind of hardware/software are we dealing with?
Is this a clean install of XP or an old re-purposed desktop?
Anti virus disabled during install?
· · ·
Helpful Post
Mar 29, 2010 at 4:09 UTC
akp982 is an IT service provider.
As Lee said make sure you disable anti virus and also do you have anything else running on port 80?
· · ·
Helpful Post
Mar 29, 2010 at 6:05 UTC
Keep IT Simple Technology Group is an IT service provider.
As Lee and Andy said - port 80 and AV are the two first things to check.


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"This is definitely where I wanted to be," Brown said. "I'm real excited to remain a Bear. We've done a lot of good things to keep our core guys together and we expect to win games as a result. Everything was moving along well and I knew it was just a matter of time," Brown said. "I wasn't too concerned about the contract heading into the season."
Earlier in the offseason the Bears tied up Brian Urlacher to a long-term deal and then turned their attention to Brown. It looked as if nothing would get done before the start of training camp after the negotiations stalled when the Bears initially offered $12 million over five years. The team eventually upped the ante in order to lock one of their biggest playmakers.
"I feel it bodes well for both our team and the franchise," said Bears general manager Jerry Angelo. "We tried to stay consistent with our philosophy in rewarding our own, and in this case with him and Brian we were able to do that.
The fourth-year pro out of Nebraska has started 47 of the Bears last 48 contests since joining the squad in 2000 and is tied with Bennie McRae for the most defensive touchdowns in franchise history with four.
Brown, a second-round draft pick in 2000 (39th overall), led the Bears in interceptions for the second consecutive season with three picks in 2002 and ranked third on team with 111 tackles.
The 5-10, 212 pounder was an All-Pro performer in 2001 with a career-high five picks, highlighted by a three-game interception streak kicked-off by game-winning TD returns in overtime in consecutive weeks (San Francisco and Cleveland).
As a rookie, Brown led the Bears secondary with 118 tackles, becoming just the seventh Bears rookie since 1974 to record over 100 tackles.
Brown has nine career interceptions, 315 tackles, three forced fumbles and four fumble recoveries.
The Bears now have eight of 11 projected defensive starters signed through 2004 and six for at least a year beyond that.
Next up on the do-list is to get their eight unsigned draft picks locked up before the start of training camp, which opens in Bourbonnais on July 25. Only two of 32 first-round picks have signed and the Bears have two top round selections in Michael Haynes and Rex Grossman.
"We feel we're going to get them all signed," Angelo told the Chicago Tribune. "Things will start heating up getting into this weekend and next week."


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Windows Phone App für windows-smartphones.de
Die Aufgabe für den/die Entwickler besteht darin, eine Windows Phone App zu programmieren, mit der man auf den Wordpress basierten Blog [url removed, login to view] zugreifen kann. Die App muss schnell sein und unter Windows Phone 8 fast-resume, Push-Benachrichtigungen und Lockscreen Benachrichtigungen unterstützen. Das Design sollte einfach und übersichtlich gehalten werden. Auch die Anmeldung über Disqus soll in der App stattfinden (über einen eingebetteten Web-Browser).
Die Einbindung des Forums ist optional. Auch ist die Untersützung von Windows Phone 7 erwünscht, aber nicht zwingend erforderlich. Ebenso ist die Live-Tile Funktion erwünscht, aber nicht erforderlich.
Um sich das Ganze besser vorstellen zu können, sollte man sich an dieser App orientieren:
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- Set your budget and the time frame
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CHBMIslamabad, Pakistan
I have 3 year of experience in mobile,Desktop and web application Development. I have also experience in Graphics designing, 3d Modelling and rendering
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Celoks - taken from the Greek word CELOX which means fast, is a development team that has been providing its clients with quality work since 2011. Our team consists of passionate developers who strive to deliver their best through their work. Our Team: Muhammad Azeem: Expertise: Data Mining, Information Security, Software Architecture Design, Desktop application development, Mobile app development, SOA Salman Mazhar Expertise: Front-end develoment, User experience Design, Illustrations, CSS, UI Prototyping Qasim Ikram Expertise: Back-end development, Software architecture Design, Internet applications Usman Wahid: Expertise: Database design, Data intensive application development, Solution Architecture Our Services ***Mobile Solutions*** -Android -Windows Phone 7.5 and 8 -Windows 8 Modern UI (Metro App s) ***Web Solutions*** -Complete Web Solutions ( .NET, ASPX, MVC4, PHP, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal) -Websites Designs (HTML5, CSS3, JQuery, Photoshop, Illustrator) -Facebook Apps and Web integration -Web Crawlers and Scraping. ***Desktop Application*** -Windows Form Application -Java Application -P2P Application ***Databases*** -MySQl -MSSQL -Oracle Regards, Celoks.
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I have riched experience on Windows software development , with strong skills on both front end and back end. Proficient in C/C#, Asp.Net, WPF, Silverlight, Windows 8/WindowsPhone8/7.5. I can provide you the high quality services. And I will delivery clean, robust and high performance code to you. My main objective is to develop a good market reputation along with long-term client relationships by providing them more value for their money with high quality work and complete satisfaction.
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More than 10 yrs. working experience with Enterprise Software Application Development starting with .Net Framework 1.0 and above including Latest .Net 4.5 with C# ASP.Net MVC,WPF,Sharepoint,Exchange, Windows Phone and Android Application Development Highly technical expertise in Windows Server all versions,Linux, Hyper-V Virtualization and Windows Azure Cloud and Amazon Web Services. Have deployed several Cloud Datacenters globally for esteem clients.
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I am a windows 8 , windows phone and Silverlight Devleoper . I code in c# for all types of coding structure.
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webdevitNoida, India
php/mysql/blackberry expertise


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You are going to Watch Grisaia no Kajitsu Episode 6 English subbed online free episodes with HQ / high quality. Stream Anime The Fruit of Grisaia Episode 6 Online English sub Episode Description : Raison D'être. In junior high school, Yumiko slashes the hand of a girl gossiping how she was the daughter of a mistress and was brought into her father's household only after her younger brother and family heir died. Yumiko's father wants her to assume her place as the heir to the Tohin Railway Group, and Yūji is ordered to act as Yumiko's bodyguard and then allow Yumiko to be abducted so as to scare her into returning home…
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Wood for Good SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS
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1 Wood for Good SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS
3 Wood for Good SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS Pipa Elias Doug Boucher Cara Cummings Lael Goodman Calen May-Tobin Kranti Mulik SEPTEMBER 2012
4 ii UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS 2012 Union of Concerned Scientists All rights reserved This report was produced by the Union of Concerned Scientists Tropical Forest & Climate Initiative. Pipa Elias is a consultant to the Tropical Forest & Climate Initiative. Doug Boucher, Lael Goodman, and Calen May-Tobin are Union of Concerned Scientists staff members working on the Tropical Forest & Climate Initiative. Kranti Mulik is an economist in the Union of Concerned Scientists Food and Environment Program. Cara Cummings is a consultant to the Union of Concerned Scientists. The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is the leading sciencebased nonprofit working for a healthy environment and a safer world. UCS combines independent scientific research and citizen action to develop innovative, practical solutions and to secure responsible changes in government policy, corporate practices, and consumer choices. More information is available about UCS at The Tropical Forest & Climate Initiative (TFCI) is a project of the UCS Climate and Energy Program. TFCI analyzes and promotes ways to cut global warming pollution by reducing tropical deforestation. To learn more about this work, visit This report is available online (in PDF format) at and may also be obtained from: UCS Publications 2 Brattle Square Cambridge, MA Or, or call (617) Design: Penny Michalak Front cover photos: (trees) Thinkstock.com/iStockphoto collection; (truck) Rhett Butler/mongabay.com; (tropical forest) istockphoto.com/sze Fei Wong; (logs) istockphoto.com/mayumi Terao; (FSC logo) Eric Goethals/FSC Back cover photo: Rhett Butler/mongabay.com
5 WOOD FOR GOOD: SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS iii Table of Contents iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER ONE 2 Introduction 3 What Do We Make from Wood? 4 Natural Forests in Different Regions of the Tropics CHAPTER TWO 6 Wood Production and Its Impacts on Tropical Forests 6 Deforestation Causes Carbon Emissions 6 Logged Forests Can Be Lost Forests 7 Illegal Logging 8 The Role of Tropical Wood in a Global Market CHAPTER THREE 12 Where Should We Harvest Our Wood? 14 Advantages of Forest Plantations 16 Mixed-Species Plantations CHAPTER FOUR 17 Solutions and Recommendations 17 Producers in the Tropics 22 Manufacturers and Retailers 27 Business and Individual Consumers 32 Governments 35 REFERENCES Figures 9 Figure 1 Total Global Industrial Wood Consumption, Figure 2 Total Annual Value of International Wood Product Trade, Figure 3 Consumption and Export Growth by Region, Figure 4 Natural Forests and Plantations as a Percent of World s Land Area, by Region 14 Figure 5 Plantations Contribution to the Market for Common Tropical Wood Products in 2006 Tables 4 Table 1 Common Wood Products and Their Sources 5 Table 2 Forest Area and Annual Log Production of the Leading Tropical Forest Nations 8 Table 3 Annual Production of the Most Common Wood Products, Table 4 Industrial Plantation Types in the Tropics 24 Table 5 Certification Program Criteria 25 Table 6 Degree of Certification in Tropical Countries with the Highest Deforestation Rates Boxes 19 Box 1 The Atlantic Forest Restoration Compact 22 Box 2 Community Forestry 26 Box 3 Businesses and NGOs Working Together: IKEA and WWF 29 Box 4 The Asia Pulp and Paper Campaign 30 Box 5 Books vs. E-readers 31 Box 6 Construction Materials: Wood vs. Cement vs. Metal
6 iv UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS Acknowledgments This report was made possible by generous support from the ClimateWorks Foundation, a member of the Climate and Land Use Alliance, and UCS members. We would like to express our gratitude to Bill Barclay, Jamey French, Roy Houseman, Fran Price, and Phil Shearman for their thoughtful and rigorous reviews of this report. In addition to these reviewers, Richard Donavan provided useful comments and ideas that shaped this report. We also received support from many people at UCS, including Angela Anderson, Kathleen Rest, Jeffrey O Hara, Sarah Roquemore, Elizabeth Clark, and Sarah Goldberg. We are grateful to Heather Tuttle for her excellent and detailed editing and for ushering the report through production. Penny Michalak designed the report and helped remake several of the graphs. Please note that reviewers are listed to convey our gratitude for their time and effort, and that the opinions and arguments expressed in this report are solely the responsibility of the authors. istockphoto.com/sze Fei Wong
7 WOOD FOR GOOD: SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS 1 Executive Summary Tropical forests should be filled with the sounds of howling monkeys and chirping birds. But all too often you hear the buzzing of chain saws and chugging of bulldozers instead. These lush forests are being cleared for agricultural expansion, which puts biodiversity, local communities, and the global climate at risk. This often occurs after logging trucks create in-roads to haul out wood for global markets. Unmanaged tropical wood extraction will continue to increase over the next decades unless businesses and governments begin enacting sustainable production requirements now. Like other natural resources, tropical wood is often mined for products we use every day in the United States, such as furniture, paper, and kitchen cabinets. But while wood is a renewable resource, many logging activities in the tropics are done without regard to the forest ecosystem, and over time this truncates tropical forests potential to regrow again and again. There are many paths to sustainable wood production from the tropics and right now, the greatest limitation is political will. Governments and businesses must recognize that tropical forest conservation and wood production are not mutually exclusive. This report explores how sustainably managed tree plantations (areas where foresters grow trees specifically for wood products), wood certification programs, and government policies can help achieve these seemingly discordant goals. Plantations are a good solution for growing wood used commercially as they can provide a higher yield than natural forests (i.e., forests that self-regenerate to regrow naturally). However, as this report details, plantations are only sustainable if they are established on previously disturbed lands, rather than replacing primary (virgin) forests. Producers and businesses should promote sustainable forestry approaches including the use of mixed native species in tropical plantations, and the management of secondary forests (forests from which trees have been harvested in the past) to rejuvenate their potential to provide high-quality wood for decades to come. Governments can make these sustainable approaches more attractive for businesses and local communities, and support their implementation, by improving land tenure systems and placing a value on ecosystem services (benefits provided to humankind by trees, such as air and water purification, food, protection against soil erosion, etc.). Certification programs, most notably the Forest Stewardship Council and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification, promote sustainable wood production globally. While these certifications do not definitively prohibit logging from primary forests, they are the best option available for ensuring that wood production does not come at the expense of forest ecosystem function. There are many paths to sustainable wood production from the tropics and right now, the greatest limitation is political will. Governments need to change forest production policies, promote certification programs, generate markets for sustainably produced wood, and promote legal production systems. These efforts can ensure that everyone from forest owners and producers to wood product retailers and consumers has the opportunity to protect our world s forests for generations to come. istockphoto.com/samuel Clark
8 2 UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS CHAPTER ONE Introduction istockphoto.com/alexander Chernyakov Tropical forests are home to hundreds of thousands of plant, mammal, bird, and insect species. Forests purify air and water, and provide food and medicine for millions of people. But these forests are disappearing around the world, threatening the wellbeing of people who depend on them. And nearly all deforestation in the twenty-first century is occurring in the tropics, especially in Southeast Asia and Latin America. Approximately 40 million hectares (ha) of tropical forest areas were cleared between 2000 and 2005 (Hansen, Stehman, and Potapov 2010) an area larger than Montana. Beyond its damage to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the livelihoods of many indigenous peoples who rely on the forests for their food and shelter, tropical forest loss is a major contributor to climate change. About 15 percent of annual anthropogenic (human-caused) carbon emissions come from tropical deforestation (Boucher et al. 2011). Further, while the two largest producers of global warming pollution, the United States and China, are mostly temperate and their emissions The durability, versatility, and beauty of wood make it ideal for many products in our everyday lives. come mostly from the burning of fossil fuels, the third and fourth largest emitters, Indonesia and Brazil, are tropical; the majority of their emissions come from land use sectors, primarily due to deforestation and forest degradation. Approximately 40 million hectares of tropical forest areas were cleared between 2000 and 2005 an area larger than Montana. While the chief driving forces of tropical forest loss are related to large-scale commercial agriculture (e.g., raising cattle, palm oil production), the cutting of forests for wood products has an important role too (Boucher et al. 2011). Some forests are clear-cut for their timber value and/or to prepare the land for agricultural use, while others are converted into plantations of fast-growing trees for pulp and paper. Many forests are selectively logged, in which only a few trees are removed; this can lead to degradation a condition in which there is still some forest cover but many of the benefits of the forest (including carbon storage, biodiversity habitat, and species diversity) are reduced. This, in turn, can sometimes later cause complete forest loss. International trade in tropical wood products is also increasing, and tropical countries are expected to continue to expand their role in wood trade over the next decade. Fortunately, trees can grow back, and forests can be managed as renewable resources. Both natural forests and plantations can be regenerated after wood is harvested from them, and if sustainably managed, can continue to be harvested indefinitely. This report looks at wood products from tropical forests such as timber and paper, and how all of those involved in the supply chain, from the logger who cuts the trees to the consumer who buys the table made from those trees, can help stop overall deforestation that is to say, the loss of primary tropical forests due to the global demand for wood. The industry should aim for zero overall deforestation while supplying the need for wood products and contributing to the economic development of tropical countries.
9 WOOD FOR GOOD: SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS 3 WHAT DO WE MAKE FROM WOOD? Although modern society has developed steel, plastic, polymers, and other industrial materials for our buildings, retail goods, packaging, and communications systems, wood is still a very important part of our lives. Wood products include not only solid wood used for constructing houses or making furniture but also a variety of processed products. The modern forest industry has found a variety of ways to cut up and use trees, such as veneer (thin slices produced by cutting around the log s circumference rather than sawing through it) and chips, and then put them back together into secondary processed wood products (SPWPs) like plywood and particleboard. Another major use of wood is for pulp and paper products like newsprint, books, tissue paper, printer paper, and cardboard. Though estimates vary, experts have calculated that as much as 42 percent of the worldwide timber harvested for industrial purposes is used to make paper products (Abramovitz 1999). North Americans consume large amounts of these paper products; in 2009, the average North American consumed more than 225 kilograms (500 pounds) of paper products equivalent to approximately 100 reams of letter-sized copy paper, and more than five times the global average consumption (Environmental Paper Network 2011). While much of the pulp used to make paper products comes from managed forests outside of the tropics, wood from tropical forests does make its way into paper products and Brazil and Indonesia are the sixth and eighth top producers, respectively, of wood pulp for paper (Bowyer, Shmulsky, and Haygreen 2007). One analysis of children s books in Germany found that 19 out of 51 books had significant traces of tropical wood species not generally found on plantations (Hirschberger et al. 2010). Different kinds of trees can produce different products. Hardwoods broad-leaved flowering trees are structurally complex, giving them unique and distinct appearances. Thus they are more commonly used for furniture, panels, and other decorative items that show off the wood grain (Bowyer, Shmulsky, and Haygreen 2007). Since most tropical trees are hardwoods, historically most of the tropical timber trade was in luxury hardwoods such as mahogany and teak for high-value furniture. Softwoods, most of which are needle-leaved conifers like pines and firs, have wood that is relatively homogeneous; they are composed of just a few cell types and have long fibers. This makes them ideal for construction materials, such as lumber and plywood, and for many kinds of paper. Histori- Fibers from protected tropical trees have been found in children s books. cally there has been little export of softwood products from the tropics, though the recent increase in plantations is changing this trend (ITTO 2009). There are many biological characteristics that affect how the wood can be used, such as density, growth uniformity, fiber length, and strength. Some of these characteristics depend on the species, while others depend more on the climate and where the individual tree grew (Bowyer, Shmulsky, and Haygreen 2007). For many uses, however, hardwood species can substitute for each other, and similarly for softwoods. For example, besides aesthetics there is little structural difference between a kitchen cabinet made from maple from the United States or teak from Southeast Asia. Table 1 (p. 4) describes some of the major wood products on the market and the types of trees and forests from which they typically originate. Although wood products play a major role in our everyday lives, some of them, like shipping pallets, generally escape notice. With globalization comes an increase in the movement of goods around the world, and for the sake of efficiency, these loads are moved almost exclusively on pallets, which are frameworks of flat wooden boards that can carry heavy loads and easily be lifted and moved by forklift. In the United States alone there are nearly 2 billion pallets in daily use, with more than 700 million new pallets produced every year, and that number is on the rise (Mazeika Bilbao 2011). In 2006 the amount of wood used to make new pallets for the United States required between 14 million and 17 million trees. 1 1 Calculated assuming a 33.3 cubic foot (ft 3 ) loblolly pine or a 41.6 ft 3 red maple. istockphoto.com/nick Schlax
10 4 UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS Table 1. COMMON WOOD PRODUCTS AND THEIR SOURCES BASE PRODUCT EXAMPLES OF TREE SPECIES Temperate Tropical FOREST ORIGINS Temperate Tropical END PRODUCTS Hardwood lumber Black cherry Oak Mahogany Teak Eastern and southeastern United States Almost all tropical regions Furniture, flooring, millwork, cabinets, pallets Softwood lumber Southern pines Douglas fir Hemlock Tropical pines Radiata pine Eastern, southeastern, and western United States Uncommon, but in some high-elevation or otherwise cooler regions Building construction (house framing, interior wall paneling, exterior siding), decking, exterior trim, windows, doors Pulp and paper Southern pines (softwood) Birch (hardwood) Radiata pine (softwood) Acacia mangium (hardwood) Eucalyptus (in this case used as a hardwood) Southern and western United States Tropical lowlands Paper, cardboard, tissue BASE PRODUCT Structural panels Nonstructural panels Composite lumber products 2 EXAMPLES OF SPECIES (MOSTLY MIXED AND USUALLY FROM TEMPERATE FORESTS) Mixes of both softwoods and hardwoods; usually uses lower-value species With the exception of the decorative veneer on these panels (which uses hardwoods), most can be made from waste during the processing of wood into other products Mostly softwoods, but a few hardwoods like gum and yellow poplar END PRODUCTS Construction (plywood siding, forms for pouring concrete) Paneling, furniture (cabinet shelves, backing), decor, minor uses in construction Construction (house framing, bridge framing/support), engineered beams 2 Lumber made from chipped wood bound and strengthened with resins or other substances More than 30 percent of the total hardwood produced in the United States is used to build pallets and wood containers, which makes the pallet industry the largest single user of hardwoods in the country (Buehlmann, Bumgardner, and Fluharty 2009). Pallets, however, have a relatively short life span; the entire stock is replenished every four years. Even though technologies exist for recycling and reuse (while being careful that reusing pallets can spread non-native insects), pallets still make up 2 to 3 percent of all waste in U.S. landfills (Buehlmann, Bumgardner, and Fluharty 2009). Currently, only about 8 percent of U.S. pallet materials are imported from other countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay), but as pallet production grows, it is likely that manufacturers will turn to other countries where wood is readily available and less expensive (Sanchez 2011). Other forest products include fuelwood (including charcoal) and non-wood products such as fruits and medicinal plants (Onyekwelu, Stimm, and Evans 2010). These will not be a focus of this report since they are not major drivers of deforestation (Boucher et al. 2011). NATURAL FORESTS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE TROPICS The three main tropical forest regions Amazonia (in South America), the Congo Basin (in central Africa), and Southeast Asia vary quite a bit in their forest industries, based on
11 WOOD FOR GOOD: SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS 5 important biological differences among their forests. While nearly all tropical forests have a very high diversity of tree species, Southeast Asia is distinctive in that many of its forests are dominated by a single family of trees, the Dipterocarpaceae. These dipterocarp forests (pronounced dip-teh-roh-karp) are unusual in that almost all the trees are excellent for timber: they are tall, fast-growing, with few lower branches, and with wood that is strong but not overly heavy. Dipterocarp dominance of Southeast Asian forests means that often half or more of the timber in these forests is commercially valuable. This is in strong contrast to Amazonian and Congo Basin forests, where generally only a few species well under 10 percent of the volume of wood can be sold on the timber market (Corlett and Primack 2011). Dipterocarp dominance of Southeast Asian forests means that often half or more of the timber in these forests is commercially valuable. As a consequence, logging in Southeast Asian forests can be highly profitable. As a consequence, logging in Southeast Asian forests can be highly profitable. Economic estimates indicate that the net timber value of dipterocarp forests, though quite variable, averages many thousands of dollars per hectare, versus hundreds of dollars or less in Amazonia and the Congo Basin (Edwards et al. 2011; Fisher et al. 2011; Ruslandi and Putz 2011). And this is just the value of the timber; it does not include profits from the land cleared by the logging. Southeast Asia is not only the most profitable region for tropical logging, but also the dominant region for production. As Table 2 shows, although Indonesia and Malaysia have relatively little forest, they have the world s highest annual log production, generating more logs than Brazil (which has the largest forest area in the world) and dwarfing the output of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Indonesia is also quickly cutting its tropical forests to replace them with oil palm plantations. The three main tropical forest regions also differ in what happens to forests after they are logged. In both the Amazon and Congo Basin, where forests tend to be selectively logged, it is possible for them to grow back if left alone. This seems to happen often in the Congo Basin because there is relatively little pressure for conversion of the land to use for commercial crop production and pasture (Fisher 2010; Houghton and Hackler Table 2. FOREST AREA AND ANNUAL LOG PRODUCTION OF THE LEADING TROPICAL FOREST NATIONS Southeast Asia dominates tropical wood production even though it has much less forest than Amazonia or central Africa. Source: Corlett FOREST AREA ANNUAL LOG (1,000 SQUARE PRODUCTION KILOMETERS) (MILLION CUBIC METERS) Malaysia Indonesia Brazil 4, Democratic Republic 1, of Congo 2006). In the Amazon, on the other hand, selectively logged forests are often completely cleared after logging (sometimes immediately, sometimes with a lag of several years) and turned into cattle pastures or soybean fields (Boucher et al. 2012). In the Brazilian Amazon, for example, selectively logged forests are four times more likely to be cleared than those that have not been logged at all (Asner et al. 2009a), and more than three-fourths of the land that has been cleared is used for cattle pasture (May and Millikan 2010; Bustamante, Nobre, and Smeraldi 2009). In Southeast Asia, the pressure for complete conversion to non-forest is even greater, since a larger proportion of the timber has already been removed and because the alternative uses are very profitable. One of the leading alternatives in recent years has been oil palm plantations, which have expanded rapidly (May-Tobin et al. 2012; Boucher et al. 2011); recent analysis has shown that, like logging, palm oil production is a very lucrative business in Malaysia (Fisher et al. 2011; see also Edwards et al. 2011; Ruslandi and Putz 2011). When a company (or subsidiary companies of the same conglomerate) can capture the value of both the timber and the subsequent land use for palm oil production, there is a very strong incentive to clear forests. Pulp and paper plantations have also expanded rapidly in Southeast Asia (Koh et al. 2011). Though these plantations can be useful for meeting the global demand for these wood products, careful planning is needed to ensure the most diverse, carbon-rich, and ecologically important forests are not being replaced with plantations (see Chapter 4).
12 6 UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS CHAPTER TWO Wood Production and Its Impacts on Tropical Forests Increased global demand for wood products like timber and paper is causing changes to tropical forests in a few ways: some forests are clear-cut solely for their wood, some are replaced with fast-growing plantations, and some are selectively logged. When unmanaged or unplanned, each of these situations can lead to negative outcomes either degradation of the forestland or, worse, total loss of the diverse forest ecosystem. DEFORESTATION CAUSES CARBON EMISSIONS Trees absorb and store carbon as they grow, and clearing forests causes the carbon to be released back to the atmosphere. As noted earlier, tropical deforestation is responsible for about 15 percent of global warming pollution worldwide. Agricultural uses such as pastures and crops clear the whole area of forest, generating most of these emissions. Selective logging in the tropics is also a source of emissions between 2000 and 2005 more than 20 percent of the area was selectively logged (Asner et al. 2009b). However, not all of the forest biomass is removed from selectively logged forests so the emissions of global warming pollution are lower than in areas where all the trees are removed (Putz et al. 2012). A recent study comparing sources of deforestation-related emissions since 1850 shows that, globally, the total net emissions from wood production have been relatively small compared with those from agriculture (croplands, including shifting cultivation, and pastures) (Houghton 2012): about 17 billion tons of carbon compared with 124 billion tons. This was the case even though an estimated 1.5 billion ha of forestland had been harvested for wood (sometimes repeatedly), compared with 2.4 billion ha cleared for agriculture. LOGGED FORESTS CAN BE LOST FORESTS There are several ways the demand for wood can permanently change tropical forests. First, there is clearing for conversion to pulp and paper plantations. This is when forests are cleared not so much for the value of the timber (though a few valuable trees may be picked out and used) but for the value of the land, Rhett Butler/mongabay.com Large-scale oil palm production and other forms of agriculture are the major cause of deforestation in the tropics.
13 WOOD FOR GOOD: SOLUTIONS FOR DEFORESTATION-FREE WOOD PRODUCTS 7 so that high-value timber or pulp plantations can be planted. Although this conversion does replace the old trees with new trees, it leads to a loss in carbon and biodiversity, since plantations rarely accumulate as much biomass or provide the same habitat as the natural forest they replaced (Liao et al. 2010). Selective logging can also indirectly lead to forest clearing. While the actual number of valuable trees removed is usually quite small (except in dipterocarp forests in Southeast Asia, as explained previously), many more trees can be killed in the process through damage, accidental felling, or clearing for roads (Elias 2012; Gerwing 2002). Furthermore, the roads built for this selective logging then allow others users or industries to come in and completely clear the remaining trees. In Africa it has been shown that selective logging can open the forest for further harvesting for charcoal production (Ahrends et al. 2010) and other unmanaged activities (Boucher et al. 2011); in Southeast Asia selectively logged forests are often replaced by oil palm plantations. Complete conversion to agriculture is especially damaging because it leads to long-term land use change (Foley et al. 2007). A degraded, or even completely cleared, forest can naturally regenerate if left alone. One study of selectively logged forests in Indonesia found that logged forests can regain a comparable number of trees to primary forests in 5 to 15 years, and comparable species numbers in 10 to 20 years (Slik, Verburg, and Keßler 2002). Though this process can be slow and is not guaranteed, it is an opportunity for the forest to regain some of the carbon and biodiversity that was lost (Rice, Gullison, and Reid 1997). Selective logging increases fragmentation and the edge area of a forest, drying it out and making it more susceptible to fire. Tropical forests are often not adapted to fires, so this burning can lead to destruction of the entire forest. Even without total deforestation occurring, logging can degrade forests and cause significant emissions and a loss of biodiversity. A review of 19 studies of carbon loss after tropical logging found that, on average, tropical forests lost 26 percent of the carbon they had before (Putz et al. 2012). Furthermore, after a certain point, degradation can start to change the structure and functioning of the forest in significant ways. For instance, selective logging increases fragmentation and the edge The removal of even just a few trees can lead to complete deforestation by creating roads into the forest and increasing the likelihood of devastating forest fires. area of a forest, drying it out and making it more susceptible to fire (Broadbent et al. 2008). Tropical forests are often not adapted to fires, so this burning can lead to destruction of the entire forest. ILLEGAL LOGGING A further problem with tropical logging is that it is often done illegally (Lawson and Macfaul 2010). These illegal activities include removing trees from protected areas, failing to pay taxes and fees for timber, cutting protected species, stealing wood from the rightful owners, and/or removing more timber than allowed from a given area. Some industries also falsely use timber harvesting permits to clear land for agricultural crops (Lawson and Macfaul 2010; Contreras-Hermosilla, Doornbosch, and Lodge 2007). In the tropics, illegal logging can cause forest damage and ecosystem impoverishment, loss of biodiversity and carbon, changes in soil nutrients, and increased susceptibility to clearing (Elias 2012). Illegal logging also undercuts economic development in the forestry sector. Very little of the profit from these activities remains in the local community. In one example, experts estimated that only 2.2 percent of the total product value was held locally by those who illegally logged the forest; the rest went to Rhett Butler/mongabay.com
14 8 UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS In the tropics, illegal logging can cause forest damage and ecosystem impoverishment, loss of biodiversity and carbon, changes in soil nutrients, and increased susceptibility to clearing middlemen such as brokers, buyers, manufacturers, and exporters (Kishor and Damania 2007). These communities are also threatened by the black market created by these illicit activities, which erodes social norms and can lead to violence (Chimeli and Soares 2011). Finally, illegal logging depresses world timber prices by 16 percent (Snow 2009), threatening the economic viability of legitimate forest producers worldwide by creating unfair competition. For all these reasons, illegal activity makes logging less sustainable. Illegal harvesting is likely to lead to forest degradation, increasing the probability that sooner or later the area will be completely deforested (Elias 2012). Recent evidence indicates that efforts by developing- and developed-country governments to curb illegal logging, such as the United States Lacey Act, have slightly reduced the rates of illegal logging in the tropics (Elias 2012; Lawson and Macfaul 2010). A strong, continued effort is needed to end illegal logging and move toward sustainable management. THE ROLE OF TROPICAL WOOD IN A GLOBAL MARKET The wood products market has become global, but the tropics are still a relatively small part of it. As Table 3 shows, tropical forests accounted for about 8 to 20 percent of global production in the major wood product sectors in International trade and market globalization is steadily increasing the ease with which tropical wood enters northern markets, and cheap processing in growing economies are making these products even more accessible. However, the market is changing, and tropical countries are becoming increasingly important as both producers and processors of wood. Recent trends show that the countries losing their forests at the fastest rate (mainly tropical countries) are also quickly becoming more significant exporters in the global wood market (Kastner, Erb, and Nonhebel 2011). Consumption and Trade Global wood consumption over the past couple of decades has increased (FAO 2006), albeit minimally. In 2005 consumption of industrial wood (i.e., wood processed into other forms versus unprocessed firewood) was about 1.55 Bm 3 (Figure 1), one-third of which was pulp and paper and two-thirds of which was sawlogs (i.e., logs to be sawn in the mill) and veneer. Despite the increasing use of electronics in society, which could replace paper use, it is still the pulp and paper sector that has grown the most over recent years pulpwood log consumption increased almost three times more rapidly than sawlog and veneer log consumption (1.7 percent per year versus 0.6 percent per year) (FAO 2007a). As with consumption, globalization and economic growth have led to increases in the international trade of wood and Table 3. ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF THE MOST COMMON WOOD PRODUCTS, 2009 Tropical wood s share of the global market is expected to increase over the next decade. Wood is measured in cubic meters. A cubic meter is about 35 cubic feet-a volume that would make a very comfortable doghouse for a large dog like a Saint Bernard. Paper products, on the other hand, are measured by weight (FAO 2012). Note: FAO data are self-reported by countries, and therefore subject to error and non-compatibility. PRODUCT GLOBAL PRODUCTION TROPICAL PRODUCTION 3 Newsprint 32.6 Mmt 2.6 Mmt Printing and writing paper 105 Mmt 15.3 Mmt Plywood 80.3 Mm Mm 3 Sawn wood 362 Bm Mm 3 (wood cut into boards, lumber, planks, etc.) Mmt: million metric tons Mm 3 : million cubic meters Bm 3 : billion cubic meters 3 Tropical production values compiled from available data for those countries included as tropical production countries in ITTO 2009.
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Description: 64, Bethel Street
Grade: II
Date Listed: 26 February 1954
English Heritage Building ID: 228794
OS Grid Reference: TG2262308562
OS Grid Coordinates: 622623, 308562
Latitude/Longitude: 52.6291, 1.2881
Location: Bethel Street, Norwich, Norfolk NR2 1NR
Locality: Norwich
Local Authority: Norwich City Council
County: Norfolk
Country: England
Postcode: NR2 1NR
Incorrect location/postcode? Submit a correction!
(north side)
26.2.54. No. 64
Former house, now office. C17 with C18 and C20 alterations and
additions. Rendered. Black pantiles. 2 storeys plus semi-basement.
5 bays. Central door with eared, panelled surround, consoles and pediment.
5 steps up. Large C20 mullion and transom windows with dripmould at ground
floor. First floor sash windows with glazing bars and simply moulded
surround. Iron-work balcony on centre window. Rusticated quoins and
paired bracket cornice. Hipped roof.
Listing NGR: TG2262308562
This text is a legacy record and has not been updated since the building was originally listed. Details of the building may have changed in the intervening time. You should not rely on this listing as an accurate description of the building.
Source: English Heritage
Listed building text is © Crown Copyright. Reproduced under licence.


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PRIVILEG 248.913 6/8557 Owner's Manual
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My Misty Princess captures Bluebonnet Stakes
GRAND PRAIRIE, Texas - My Misty Princess, who was disqualified from a stakes win earlier this meet for veering into another rival, edged that horse, Queena Corrina, by a nose to win the $100,000 at Lone Star Park on Sunday.
It was another three-quarters of a length back in third to 54-1 shot Bonnie J., while Janeian, the even-money favorite, finished fourth in the race which highlighted the closing day program.
My Misty Princess ($17.20) trailed the field for much of the mile and a sixteenth turf race, ducked out some in the stretch, straightened back up and caught Queena Corrina on the wire.
"It was close," said Jamie Theriot, who rode My Misty Princess. "I didn't know who had the head bob. It was very close."
My Misty Princess covered the distance over a course rated good in 1:45.19. She earned $60,000 for the win, which was her fourth from 23 starts. My Misty Princess has now earned $128,986. She races for her breeder, Melva Lou Strehler.
Earlier this month, My Misty Princess was disqualified from her win in the $100,000 Yellow Rose Breeders' Cup after veering into Queena Corrina in the stretch. The trifecta on Sunday paid $2,688.


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Mysterious Big Black Cat Sightings in NY Suburb
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Big Black Cat Sightings: NY Black Cat Mystery
By Maggie M. Thorton
Big Black Cat sightings in New York State are escalating. Those have seen the animal say it is definitely not a large house cat. Speculations are rampant as reports of Big Black Cats crossing highways, running along the highway, in the State's Tallman National Park, and of most concern, in neighborhood backyards where children may be, keep rolling in.
Big Black Cat Sightings
The cats are described as be 4′ to 5′ in length, supporting a 3′ long tail. We might think a pranking is in the works, but in New York's Rockland County Park, the reports are taken seriously. Signs are posted warning the public of "Suspicious Animal Sightings." "In the hamlet of Palisades," one Big Black Cat was seen in a private drive and two in the backyard of the home. In Orangetown, police increased patrols, and cameras have been installed in State Parks.
Included in the Big Black Cat category are Panthers, Cougars, Mountain Lions, Pumas and Jaguars. One region of the world may refer to a black Cougar as a Panther. In another region, a black Jaguar may be called a Leopard. It gets confusing as reports come in. If a sighter is not a wildlife expert, these felines are virtually unidentifiable unless caught and examined. Experts tend to believe that black cougars do not exist anywhere in the world.
The State of Florida has a designated Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. Under the auspices of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, The National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Florida has established The Inter-Agency Florida Panther Response Plan, and there is an annual Panther Capture meeting, as well.
Great Britain has a long history of Big Black Cat sightings, and it continues in 2009. A March 19th report from an Edinburgh man says he saw the Cat in a forest. His account is said to be twelfth such sighting. In February, the BBC reports forty sightings in Wales.
Whatever the genus of the Big Black Cats in New York State, these animals are frightening people. You can view a video of the family who recently got the story of the NY Black Cat Mystery in the news.
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This has been a bad year to be in the brick-and-mortar sporting goods business, unless you're the dominant chain in that market, Dick's. Golfsmith filed for bankruptcy protection earlier this year, and a major competitor was Golf Galaxy, a similar specialty chain owned by… Dick's. Now the bankrupt chain's former competitor is reportedly preparing to buy its United States business, at least, out of bankruptcy. [More]
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right i have had an oil leak for some time now, got the car up on the ramps today and it's hard to tell were it's coming from as everywere is covered. but on closer inspection and at a guess im sure it's the sump.
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