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Certain Women, uncertain concept?
Movies opening this week: London Town, A Man Called Ove, and more
Matthew Lickona 1 p.m., Oct. 21
Posted April 8, 2014
"Make it cohere, and they'll follow you anywhere."
"The thing I'm not will make me live." San Diego's David Ives Victory Tour continues at Scripps Ranch Theatre with his re-invigoration of Pierre Corneille's 1643 comedy. As with Venus in Fur at San Diego ...
Matthew Lickona 1 p.m., Oct. 21
Ian Anderson 11 a.m., Oct. 21
Daniel Knighton 10 a.m., Oct. 21
Jessica Bristow 9 a.m., Oct. 21
Dave Rice 8:30 a.m., Oct. 21
Walter Mencken 9:21 p.m., Oct. 20
9:03 p.m., Oct. 20
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text:
Do you think that developer will change his position for a tester one?
May be just to take a break, to look around, to adjust his knowledge as a developer to a new situation on the market. I am talking about guys of 30-45. What do you think about it? Please from your experience(not from your imagination).
Of course it happens. I've hired several people in that category.
Not usually "to take a break", though.
Some folks are better QAers than Developers.
Some folks just like QA better than Development.
- Joe (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Joe StrazzereVisit my website: AllThingsQuality.com to learn more about quality, testing, and QA!
Yes, of course. I know a few who changed from development to QA, majority of them taking pay cuts. But, after a year or two, most of them go back to development where there's more $$$ (more Stock Options offered in most cases).
I am one of those of whom you speak. I spent almost 20 years in development before switching to testing. There were several reasons for it and I doubt I make the switch back.
First, I learned I was a pretty good tester while I was developing. Other developers also noticed and asked me to "help" them with their unit testing. (Really they wanted me to do it for them.)
Second, testing is becoming more and more valued with more and more companies. So years ago, yes, developers switching to testing had to take a pay cut. Not now, not with most companies.
Third, I actually like testing. I like that I can have an effect on the customer's total experience, not just the little pieces that I got to work on when developing in a large team. I also like automated testing, this gives me the thrill of development that I do still enjoy.
Fourth, when I made the switch, I made it with a team and manager who understood that I wanted to have an overall effect on quality. I made it clear I wouldn't do it unless they bought off on some process improvement at the same time.
Susan Gates
Susan Gates
Yes, we also have such people at our company.
Fortunately, they don't have to take a pay cut.
And personally, as a test lead and senior specialist, I make more money than any developer at our department
Best regards Björn
Forum Rules


text:
Lavrov hopes to work out constructive solution on Syria at meeting with Muallem, ZarifRussian Politics & Diplomacy October 28, 13:15
Press review: expansion of Turkey's military operation in Syria and new sanctions' put offPress Review October 28, 13:00
Gazprom says Turkey requested increase in gas suppliesBusiness & Economy October 28, 12:58
Assad thanks Putin for assistance in fighting terrorism — Syrian top diplomatWorld October 28, 12:21
Poll suggests more than 80% of Russians approve of Vladimir Putin's policySociety & Culture October 28, 12:14
Russian scientists will track sea lions from spaceScience & Space October 28, 11:32
Russian military pilots to meet returning Soyuz-MS spacecraft crew in KazakhstanScience & Space October 28, 10:49
Prosecutor's office appeals court ruling to release MMA fighter Emelianenko on paroleSport October 28, 10:39
Aleppo police chief comments on school attack in city's western areaWorld October 28, 9:03
{{element.title}}{{element.heading}} {{element.date}}
MOSCOW, March 06. /ITAR-TASS/. Russia hopes that reasonable forces in Ukraine will be able to unite the country, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Vasily Nebenzya said.
"I hope that reasonable forces in Ukraine will be able to realize the country should be united. It is divided on its own," Nebenzya said at a session of the State Duma, lower house of Russia's parliament, on Thursday.
He quoted director of the Institute of CIS Countries Konstantin Zatulin as saying "There are politicians who can and are ready to lead the West. There are politicians who can and are eady to lead the East. But there are no politicians who are capable of uniting the country."
"This is the biggest problem of the country," Nebenzya said.
Ukraine's admission to NATO is impossible, Nebenzya continued.
The West realizes what this means for Russia, Nebenzya said at a session of the State Duma, lower house of Russia's parliament, on Thursday.
"I believe that this will not happen. In my view, it is impossible," the Russian high-ranking diplomat said.
A mechanism to settle the crisis in Ukraine with the participation of Russia and the West has not been created yet, Nebenzya added.


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YABATECH Releases 2014/2015 HND Merit Admission List
Authorities of the Yaba College of Technology (YABATECH) has annouced the official release of her MERIT HND ADMISSION LIST of successful candidates, who particpated in its 2014/2015 HND screening exercise.
The 2014/2015 Yaba College of Technology HND MERIT ADMISSION LIST of successful candidates who have been offered provisional admission into various degree programmes of the Yaba College of Technology has been upload online on the school portal.
Candidates can now check their admission status online by CLICKING HERE.
Successful candidates are required to pay Acceptance fee which cost N10, 000 and Bank charges of N500. Please be informed that payment for acceptance would close on the 16th of January, 2015.
Congratulation to all successful candidates
Stay updated with all Nigeria University news, Polytechnic news, Post-Utme, Jamb Results and more; Join/Like Us now on Facebook and Twitter
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Accumulating evidence demonstrates that genotoxic and oxidant stress can induce programmed cell death or apoptosis in cultured cells. However, little is known about whether oxidative stress resulting from the deleterious effects of hyperoxia can induce apoptosis in vivo and even less is known regarding the functional significance of apoptosis in vivo in response to hyperoxia. Using hyperoxia as a model of oxidant-induced lung injury in the rat, we show that hyperoxic stress results in marked apoptotic signals in the lung. Lung tissue sections obtained from rats exposed to hyperoxia exhibit increased apoptosis in a time-dependent manner by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. To examine whether hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in the lung correlated with the extent of lung injury or tolerance (adaptation) to hyperoxia, we investigated the pattern of apoptosis with a rat model of age-dependent tolerance to hyperoxia. We show that apoptosis is associated with increased survival of aged rats to hyperoxia and with decreased levels of lung injury as measured by the volume of pleural effusion, wet-to-dry lung weight, and myeloperoxidase content in aged rats compared with young rats after hyperoxia. We also examined this relationship in an alternate model of tolerance to hyperoxia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated young rats not only demonstrated tolerance to hyperoxia but also exhibited a significantly lower apoptotic index compared with saline-treated rats after hyperoxia. To further separate the effects of aging and tolerance, we show that aged rats pretreated with LPS did not exhibit a significant level of tolerance against hyperoxia. Furthermore, similar to the hyperoxia-tolerant LPS-pretreated young rats, the nontolerant LPS-pretreated aged rats also exhibited a significantly reduced apoptotic index compared with aged rats exposed to hyperoxia alone. Taken together, our data suggest that hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in vivo can be modulated by both aging and tolerance effects. We conclude that there is no overall relationship between apoptosis and tolerance.
- programmed cell death
- oxidative stress
- lung injury
the lung is a major target organ for oxidant injury by hyperoxia (6, 7). Patients suffering from pulmonary diseases including adult respiratory distress syndrome and emphysema require supplemental O2 therapy to maintain lung function, which further increases the oxidant burden of the lung (9,14). It is believed that the damaging effects of hyperoxia are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which are generated by the incomplete reduction of O2 (12, 19). Oxidative stress resulting from these ROS can cause cellular damage by oxidizing nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane lipids. Cells have evolved both nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defenses to detoxify ROS to defend against the deleterious effects of hyperoxia (13, 23). Nonenzymatic defenses include vitamins C and E and sulfhydryl-containing glutathione (3). Enzymatic antioxidant defenses against hyperoxia include superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (3). When these antioxidant defenses become overwhelmed by the oxidative stress of hyperoxia, the resultant cell injury can lead to cell death.
Cell death from oxidative stress can occur via cell necrosis or apoptosis (11, 27, 34). Cell necrosis is a mode of cell death that occurs exclusively in environmental disruption apart from physiological conditions, resulting in inflammatory reactions caused by cell lysis and release of intracellular contents into the extracellular space (11). Cell necrosis is always pathological. Programmed cell death or apoptosis, on the other hand, is a gene-regulated process in which a coordinated series of morphological changes such as nucleus and chromatin condensation, cell membrane blebbing, and fragmentation of the cell into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies occurs, resulting in cell death (28, 30). Removal of apoptotic bodies by phagocytosis by neighboring cells, in particular macrophages, occurs without disturbance to the tissue architecture and without initiating inflammation. Apoptosis is often a physiological process, especially important during embryogenesis, organ atrophy, and normal adult tissue turnover (8). However, accumulating evidence suggests that genotoxic and oxidant stress can induce cell death via apoptosis (8, 10, 18).
A recent study (18) suggests that cultured pulmonary cells can also undergo apoptosis after oxidant stress, yet little is known about apoptosis from oxidant stress in the lung in vivo. What is the functional significance of apoptosis in vivo after hyperoxic stress? Does apoptosis represent a mere marker of cell and tissue injury after oxidant injury, or does it play a role in adaptation or defense against hyperoxic stress in vivo? We attempted to address these questions by utilizing various in vivo models of tolerance to hyperoxia. We show that hyperoxia exposure in vivo can indeed cause a significant level(s) of apoptosis in the rat lung. Using two distinct in vivo models of tolerance to hyperoxia, we show that apoptosis in the rat lung can be regulated by both aging and tolerance effects and that there is no clear relationship between apoptosis and tolerance to hyperoxia.
Animals and O2 exposure.
Virus-free 6- and 24-mo-old male Fischer 344 rats and 2-mo-old Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Harlan Sprague Dawley (Indianapolis, IN) and allowed to acclimate on arrival for 7 days before experimentation. The animals were fed rodent chow and water ad libitum. All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Baltimore, MD). The animals were exposed to hyperoxia (>99% O2 at a flow rate of 12 l/min) in a 3.70-ft3 glass exposure chamber. The chamber was humidified for 10–15 min at the start of the exposure. Food and water were provided ad libitum during the exposure.
Lipopolysaccharide exposure. The rats were placed in a wire mesh cage with nine individual slots to keep the animals separated but free to move around during the aerosol exposure. This cage was placed inside an airtight Plexiglas chamber, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was nebulized into the chamber continuously for 1 h with a model 40 nebulizer (DeVilbiss, Somerset, PA). The nebulizer generates particles 5 μm in diameter. The aerosol that was generated was directed against a Plexiglas deflector plate immediately on entering the chamber to ensure even distribution and dispersal of the LPS. A blower motor (Grainger, Baltimore, MD) was connected to the exit port to draw the aerosol through the chamber at a steady rate. This was done to maintain a constant flow of particulate over the animals. A second deflector plate adjacent to the exit port was installed to ensure equal amount removal of the aerosol from the chamber. The pressure in the chamber was maintained at 0.4 cmH2O. After exposure, the animals were removed and immediately placed into hyperoxia.
Lung tissue preparation. The lungs were fixed by perfusion of 10% Formalin at 20-cmH2O gauge pressure and embedded in paraffin. Lung sections of 4–5 μm were mounted onto slides pretreated with 3-aminopropylethoxysilane (Digene Diagnostics, Beltsville, MD). The slides were baked for 30 min at 60°C and washed two times in fresh xylene for 5 min each to remove the paraffin. The slides were then rehydrated though a series of graded alcohols and then washed in distilled water for 3 min each.
Apoptosis by terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and photomicrography. The terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used for the apoptosis assay of lung tissue sections as previously described (22). TUNEL reagents including rhodamine-conjugated anti-digoxigenin Fab fragment were obtained from Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, IN). Tissue sections were counterstained with 2 μg/ml of 4′,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI; Boehringer Mannheim) for 10 min at room temperature. Photomicrographs were recorded on 35-mm film with a Nikon Optiphot microscope and UFX camera system (Nikon, Melville, NY) and transferred onto a KodakPhotoCD. The images were digitally adjusted for contrast with Adobe Photoshop 3.0 (Adobe Systems, Mountain View, CA).
Computer-aided image analysis. To quantify the extent of apoptosis in the rat lung, samples were studied by epifluorescence to visualize either TUNEL-positive nuclei (590 nm) or total DAPI-stained nuclei (420 nm). Images were captured with a charge-coupled device video camera. The captured images were analyzed with the Image 1 system (Universal Imaging, West Chester, PA), which is a personal computer-based software applications package for quantitative morphometry and image analysis. All images were captured to a hard disk at identical black level and gain settings of the charge-coupled device camera. Similarly, images were digitally set at a threshold with identical settings for each set of either DAPI- or TUNEL-fluorescent groups. The total number of cells (nuclei) or the number of TUNEL-positive cells in each field was determined in the object counting mode. At least 25 fields were analyzed from at least 2 individual animals at each time point. The apoptotic index was calculated as the percentage of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei divided by the DAPI-staining nuclei.
Measurement of injury markers. At various time points into the hyperoxia exposure, rats were removed and anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The pleural effusion was collected by inserting an 18-gauge needle and a 10-ml syringe through the diaphragm and withdrawing all fluid present in the pleural cavity. After exsanguination, the entire lung was excised and divided. The left lobe was weighed and frozen for myeloperoxidase (MPO) determination (20). The right lower lobe was weighed and placed into a 60°C oven to dry. After 2 days, the tissue was weighed to determine the wet-to-dry lung weight. Under these conditions, lung samples became completely desiccated.
Statistical analysis. Data are expressed as means ± SE. Differences in measured variables between the experimental and control groups were assessed with Student'st-test. Statistical calculations were performed on a Macintosh personal computer with the Statview II Statistical Package (Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA). Statistical difference was accepted at P < 0.05.
Hyperoxia induces apoptosis in the rat lung. To determine whether hyperoxia can induce apoptosis in vivo, lung sections were obtained from rats exposed to either normoxia or hyperoxia and analyzed for apoptotic signals by in situ TUNEL assay, which labels the 3′-COOH ends of DNA cut by endonucleases that are activated during apoptosis (31). Figure1 Aillustrates the lack of apoptotic signals in the lungs from rats exposed to air alone. In contrast, a marked increase in TUNEL-positive cells was observed in lungs from rats exposed to hyperoxia (Fig.1 B).
Effect of acquired (age-induced) tolerance to hyperoxia on apoptosis. To examine whether hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in the rat lung correlated with the extent of lung injury or tolerance (adaptation) in response to hyperoxic stress, we investigated the pattern of apoptosis using a rat model of tolerance to hyperoxia. Choi et al. (4) have previously reported that the rats exhibit increased tolerance (increased survival) to hyperoxia as they age normally. The young rats (2–6 mo old) succumbed to continuous hyperoxia exposure by 72 h, whereas the aged rats (24 mo old) survived up to 92 h of continuous hyperoxia exposure (P < 0.05) (4). We then used this model to examine whether apoptosis is modulated by age-induced acquired tolerance to hyperoxia. Lung sections were obtained from young (2-mo-old) and aged (24-mo-old) rats exposed to air or hyperoxia and then analyzed for apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Figure2 demonstrates the kinetics of increase in TUNEL-positive cells after 24, 48, and 61 h of hyperoxia exposure in young (2-mo-old) and aged (24-mo-old) rats. In the young rats, we did not observe increased TUNEL-positive cells at either 24 or 48 h of hyperoxia exposure (Fig. 2, E andF, respectively) but detected a marked increase in apoptotic cells at 61 h of hyperoxia exposure (Fig.2 G). In the aged rats, we did not detect any evidence of apoptotic signals at 24 h of hyperoxia exposure (Fig. 2 A) as in the young rats (Fig.2 E). However, we observed a marked increase in TUNEL-positive cells at 48 h of hyperoxia (Fig.2 B), with a sustained increase at 61 and 96 h of hyperoxia exposure (Fig. 2,C andD, respectively). Figure2 H illustrates DAPI fluorescence of the same lung section shown in Fig. 2 D(TUNEL stain) to demonstrate the total number of nucleated cells.
We then quantitated the level of apoptosis in these lung sections by determining the apoptotic index (number of TUNEL-positive cells/number of DAPI-stained cells). As shown in Fig. 3, the apoptotic index increased with advancing exposure in both exposed groups but increased more rapidly in the aged (tolerant) rats.
Hyperoxia-induced apoptosis is associated with increased survival and decreased lung injury in acquired tolerance to hyperoxia. Based on our observation that apoptosis was associated with increased survival in the acquired model of tolerance to hyperoxia (earlier onset and higher level of apoptosis in the aged tolerant rats), we then examined whether apoptosis was associated with a decreased level of lung injury. The young rats (2 mo old) exhibited increased signs of lung injury as measured by an increased volume of pleural effusion and wet-to-dry lung weight after 48 h of hyperoxia (Fig. 4, A andB, respectively) at a time point where only negligible levels of apoptotic signals were observed (Figs. 2 and3). In contrast, the aged rats (24 mo old) exhibited a significantly decreased level of lung injury compared with the young rats as measured by the volume of pleural effusion, wet-to-dry lung weight, and MPO content after 48 h of hyperoxia (Fig. 4,D–F, respectively). Interestingly, at this time point, the aged rats exhibited significant levels of apoptotic signals (Figs. 2 and 3).
Effect on chemical tolerance to hyperoxia on apoptosis. Based on the observation that apoptosis in the rat lung was associated with decreased lung injury and increased survival in a model of acquired tolerance to hyperoxia (aging), we chose to test this relationship in an alternate model of tolerance to hyperoxia. We used the established model of LPS-induced tolerance (chemical tolerance) to hyperoxia (7, 29). Young rats (2 mo old) pretreated with LPS exhibited a marked increased survival to hyperoxia (Fig. 5) compared with control rats pretreated with saline before hyperoxia exposure. Lung sections were obtained from these tolerant rats and assayed for apoptotic signals by TUNEL assay. As shown in Fig. 6, young rats exposed to hyperoxia alone demonstrated a marked increase in the apoptotic index. However, young rats pretreated with LPS not only demonstrated a tolerance to hyperoxia but also exhibited a significantly reduced apoptotic index compared with rats exposed to hyperoxia alone (Fig. 6). To separate the effects of aging and tolerance, we performed an identical experiment in the aged rats (24 mo old). In contrast to the young rats, aged rats pretreated with LPS did not exhibit a significant level of tolerance against hyperoxia (Fig.5). Furthermore, lung sections were obtained from these nontolerant LPS-treated aged rats and assayed for apoptotic signals by TUNEL assay. As shown in Fig. 6, aged rats exposed to hyperoxia alone demonstrated a marked increase in the apoptotic index. However, similar to the tolerant LPS-treated young rats, the nontolerant LPS-treated aged rats exhibited a significantly reduced apoptotic index compared with aged rats exposed to hyperoxia alone (Fig. 6). Interestingly, aged rats treated with LPS alone also exhibited increased apoptosis after hyperoxia (Fig. 6).
Direct exposure of cultured cells to oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, ionizing irradiation, various superoxide-generating agents, and glutathione depletors can cause cell death via the induction of apoptosis, depending on the dose (8, 18, 26, 32). Although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which oxidants mediate apoptosis in cells are not clearly understood, recent reports that Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis by an antioxidant pathway at the sites of oxygen radical formation (15, 17) and that antioxidants such asN-acetyl-l-cysteine and thioredoxin (25) prevent apoptosis strongly suggest that oxidants may serve as key signaling molecules in the development of apoptosis in cultured cells. Surprisingly, although the damaging effects of hyperoxia in the lung are in part mediated by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, the products of which can induce apoptosis in various cell types (8, 18, 32), hyperoxia exposure does not cause apoptosis in cultured lung cells (18). For instance, Kazzaz et al. (18) recently reported that hyperoxia causes cell death via necrosis and not apoptosis in pulmonary A549 epithelial cells. Our laboratory has also observed that hyperoxia causes cell necrosis and not apoptosis in other cell types such as human bronchial epithelial cells (Choi, unpublished data). Little is known regarding the effects of hyperoxia on apoptosis in the lung in vivo. In contrast to cultured cells that do not undergo apoptosis in response to hyperoxia (18), we hypothesized that hyperoxia induces apoptosis in the lung in vivo and that a clear functional relationship exists between apoptosis and tolerance to hyperoxia. We decided to investigate this relationship between hyperoxia and apoptosis in vivo.
This study clearly shows that hyperoxia induces apoptosis in the rat lung in a time-dependent manner in contrast to absence of apoptosis in cultured cells exposed to the same concentration of hyperoxia (>95% O2). Several possibilities exist to underlie this disparate observation between in vitro lung cultured cells and in vivo lung tissue. 1) The lack of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in cultured lung cells may reflect cell specificity because there are recent reports of vascular endothelial cells and lymphoblastoid cells exhibiting susceptibility to hyperoxia-induced apoptosis (1, 5).2) The ability of hyperoxia to induce apoptosis in the lung in vivo may reflect the effect of systemic mediators released during the inflammatory phase of hyperoxic lung injury, which may be responsible for inducing apoptosis rather than hyperoxia itself. For example, tumor necrosis factor-α, a potent inducer of apoptosis in various cell types, is released in vivo during hyperoxia (16). 3) The susceptibility of lung cells in vivo to undergo apoptosis may reflect the effect of the quiescent state of the cells in vivo compared with the more proliferative state of cultured cells growing in cultured conditions.
The functional significance of apoptosis in the lung in vivo is not clearly understood. Mantell et al. (22) reported in a mouse model of hyperoxia that the level of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis correlated with the extent of lung injury. Using an inbred (rather than acquired) model of tolerance, they reported higher levels of apoptosis in a sensitive strain of mouse and lower apoptosis in a resistant strain. This suggests that apoptosis may serve as a marker of cell and tissue injury. Our data, however, do not support our hypothesis that there is a clear functional relationship between hyperoxia and apoptosis. This simple relationship, however, was not observed in our age-dependent rat model of hyperoxia. We observed that the increased apoptotic index of lungs from the age-dependent tolerant rat is inversely proportional to the extent of lung injury and is associated with increased survival. This relationship may reflect the effects of the aging process and not of tolerance; however, the increased level of apoptosis observed in the aged tolerant rats was associated with decreased lung injury in the aged rats as determined by pleural effusion volume, wet-to-dry lung weight, and MPO determination in this study and decreased albumin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (4) after hyperoxia. These studies may suggest that the apoptosis in the lung may represent a physiological process that is pivotal in protecting the lung from oxidant injury. However, a recent study (22) showed that neonatal rabbits that are tolerant to hyperoxia exhibited significantly less apoptosis than the more susceptible adult rabbits after hyperoxia. This observation supports the formal possibility that the hyperoxia-induced apoptosis can also be regulated by the aging process independent of the tolerance effect.
The complexity of the functional role of apoptosis in lung injury is further highlighted by our observations that in contrast to the age-dependent tolerance model, the apoptotic index of the lung is not associated with survival in the LPS-induced tolerance model of hyperoxia in young rats. For example, LPS-induced hyperoxia-tolerant young rats exhibited a significantly reduced level of apoptosis than saline-treated rats after hyperoxia, although baseline levels were similar. These observations suggest that in some cases apoptosis may represent a marker of tissue injury rather than a marker of tolerance. However, we observed similar attenuation of apoptosis in LPS-treated old rats, which were not tolerant to hyperoxia. These apparently conflicting results highlight the difficulty of interpreting a simple role for apoptosis in the rat lung after hyperoxia. It seems likely that a greater knowledge of the cell types undergoing apoptosis during lung injury will lead to a better understanding of the role(s) for apoptosis in lung injury. The antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase in response to an LPS stimulus contributes significantly to the protective effect of LPS against hyperoxia (7, 29) in young rats. Although no direct evidence exists that manganese superoxide dismutase can attenuate the apoptosis in the lung, accumulating evidence suggests that antioxidants may play vital roles in attenuating the apoptotic process (15, 25).
Although one cannot yet confidently determine the cell type responsible for the apoptotic signals in TUNEL assays of lung tissue sections, increased apoptosis in the aged-tolerant rats coincided with significantly decreased lung MPO after hyperoxia, suggesting that neutrophil clearance by apoptosis may represent one major mechanism of increased survival in the aged rats. Interestingly, a study (24) involving patients with human adult respiratory distress syndrome demonstrated that the apoptotic process was more prominent during the repair phase than the acute phase of this syndrome, suggesting that apoptosis serves as a beneficial process in the resolution of acute lung injury.
It is generally thought that apoptosis occurs without eliciting an inflammtory response, whereas cell or tissue necrosis can cause inflammation (8, 33). However, our studies challenge this paradigm in that the inflammatory response (neutrophil and macrophage), as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, was similar in both the young and aged rats after hyperoxia (4). However, we observed marked differences in the kinetics and extent of apoptosis between the young and aged rats. Recent reports (2, 32) also suggested that apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α and X-irradiation in cultured cells can be inhibited by the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Interestingly, we did not observe differences in the induction of NF-κB activation in vivo in the lungs after hyperoxia in both tolerance models (age and LPS) (4; Choi, unpublished data) that may reflect differences between the in vivo and in vitro systems or may represent stimulus specificity. Interestingly, Li et al. (21) recently reported that apoptosis can occur in the absence of NF-κB activation in cultured epithelial cells after hydrogen peroxide treatment and that the hyperoxic induction of NF-κB fails to protect cultured cells from death.
In summary, our study demonstrates that hyperoxia in vivo can induce apoptosis in the rat lung. Furthermore, these studies strongly suggest that apoptosis is not a universal indicator of tolerance to hyperoxia and that the functional significance of apoptosis in vivo after hyperoxic oxidant stress largely depends on the mechanism of tolerance, whether chemically induced or acquired by aging. The complex regulation of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis by both aging and tolerance poses a challenge to a straightforward assessment of the physiological function of apoptosis in lung injury. Further investigations leading to the identification of cell types undergoing apoptosis in these models of tolerance to hyperoxia will be helpful in delineating the functional significance of apoptosis in oxidant-injured lung.
A. M. K. Choi was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute First Award R29-HL-55330 and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grant RO1-AI-42365. S. Horowitz was supported in part by Basic Research Grant 1-FY96-0752 from the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation and grants from the National Institutes of Health and Winthrop-University Hospital.
Address for reprint requests and present address of A. M. K. Choi: Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., LCI 105, New Haven, CT 06520.
- Copyright © 1998 the American Physiological Society


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Please see my post right before this one )
I don't care about the post before this one.
you're here.
That's all that counts.
Have you changed your avater recently ?
How come you have only 39 "followers" ?
by Marisa Wright5 years ago
Whether I agree with HP's new policies or not, I respect the site's right to set their own rules. However, I think one of the reasons Hubbers are getting upset isthey're getting warnings based on rules they don't...
by SunSeven5 years ago
If you have not seen the post its here - http://blog.hubpages.com/2011/05/followers-hub-traffic/It seem to discuss / declare that the more followers you have, the more traffic you will get to your hubs.But the stats...
by Rafael Baxa5 days ago
I have been on hubpages for some months now and I have published 8 articles now. I have seen people get followers after writing fewer articles than me. Even after all these months I have failed to get even a single...
by Karen Szklany Gault5 years ago
Hi All, So, this might not seem in the spirit of hub pages comeraderie, but I am a little uncomfortable with having a particular member follow me. The name is ZAGOOTO, and he has no profile information, no hubs, but 11...
by ddsurfsca5 years ago
pretty easy, using one of the two previous hubbers words to begin your two word phrase. I will begin with....Start here
by Nell Rose3 years ago
I don't often moan but even I am getting a bit fed up of the 'waiting' period. I thought it was 24 hours? I have recently published a hub that, by the time the ads come up, everybody who is going to read it has read it,...
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Icelandic women walked out of work at 2:38 p.m. on a Monday for an important reason
Oct. 24 is a significant day in Iceland.
Oct. 24 is a significant day in Iceland.
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This one is mostly about stability and security-related fixes.
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Cab hailing will soon get luxurious in India.
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The company hopes not to make the same mistakes when it comes to AR and VR.
Devil hands up for virtual heavy metal
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Sasha Obama has an A+ Snapchat game.
"I know you have to leave, but can we keep her for another four years?"
Humanity is a goner.
The incident reportedly occurred on the Thunder River Rapids ride.
Netflix's CEO says he is not against the massive AT&T-Time Warner deal so long as Netflix will be treated the same way as HBO.
Wesley Chan and Philip Wang get down with Hanks in Florence, Italy.
It's not cheap out here, ya'll.
Good one, Mr. President.
Bold as love.
Don't mess with perfection.


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|Road Name:
|Blackwell Place
|Road Type:
Blackwell Place is a street in the settlement of Milton Keynes governed by Shenley Brook End Civil Parish council which is within the electoral area of Emerson Valley Ward in the administration area of Milton Keynes Council located in the South East Euro Region of the UK.
Blackwell Place is located 45.83 miles North West from the centre of London, 2.4 miles South West from the centre of Milton Keynes, 13.63 miles North from the centre of Aylesbury and 16.11 miles South West from the centre of Bedford.
Blackwell Place is approximately 42.11 miles from the coastal tidal high water mark) and is 107 metres above sea level
Postcodes for Blackwell Place
|The Central point of Blackwell Place is approximately 107 Metres above sea level
Nearby Telephone Area Codes
|Area Code: 01908 - Milton Keynes
|Area Code: 01280 - Buckingham
|Area Code: 01525 - Leighton Buzzard
Hotel information updated 09/10/2016
|Savvy Serviced Apartments - Clarence House - milton-keynes
|Star Rating:
|4 Stars
|With free WiFi and free parking on-site, these chic and stylish apartments have a great location in the central business district of Milton Keynes.
|152 North Row, MK91AY, Milton Keynes
|Number of Rooms:
|Lowest Price Room:
|Vidu\'s Apartment - milton-keynes
|Set 2.5 km from Milton Keynes Bowl in Milton Keynes, this apartment features free WiFi. Featuring free private parking, the apartment is 6 km from Bletchley Park. The kitchen has an oven, a microwave and a toaster, as well as a kettle.
|206-O, North Row, MK9 3LQ, Milton Keynes
|Number of Rooms:
|Lowest Price Room:
|M K City Heights Apartment - milton-keynes
|Located in Milton Keynes, this apartment features free WiFi. The unit is 3.8 km from Milton Keynes Bowl. Free private parking is available on site. The unit fitted with a kitchen with an oven and microwave.
|79 Clay Hill Two Miles Ash, MK8 8BA, Milton Keynes
|Number of Rooms:
|Lowest Price Room:
|Horizon Apartments - Manhattan House - milton-keynes
|Located in the heart of Milton Keynes, Manhattan House offers chic and trendy self-catering accommodation with free WiFi and free private parking possible on-site.
|61 Manhattan House, MK9 2BQ, Milton Keynes
|Number of Rooms:
|Lowest Price Room:
|Savvy Serviced Apartments - The Hub - milton-keynes
|Star Rating:
|4 Stars
|Savvy Serviced Apartments are just 500 metres from The Centre MK Shopping Centre. The stylish apartments have free parking, free WiFi access and secure video entry.
|599 Witan Gate, MK9 2BS, MIlton Keynes
|Number of Rooms:
|Lowest Price Room:
|Highest Price Room:
Local Council Details
|Within the area of Milton Keynes
|Visit the Council's Website
|Civic Offices
1 Saxon Gate East
Milton Keynes
|Send Mail
|Telephone Number: 01908 691 691
|Within the electoral area of Emerson Valley Ward -
|Within the Westminster Parliamentary Constituency of Milton Keynes South
|The Member of Parliament is Stewart, Iain
|Within the area of Shenley Brook End Civil Parish Council
Water and Drainage Details
|Anglian Water
|Visit Anglian Water's Website
Recent House Sales in Blackwell Place
|3 Blackwell Place
|Sale Price: £380,000
|Sale Date: 31/03/2016
|1 Blackwell Place
|Sale Price: £420,000
|Sale Date: 08/01/2016
|Source: Land Registry Price Paid Data accessed via API
Population Statistics
|ONS Area Code:
|Ons Area Name:
|Average Age :
|Male Population: (0%)
|Female Population: (0%)
|Source: Office of National Statistics 2011 Census Data
Neighbourhood Policing
|Police Force:
|Find a Local Neighbourhood Watch Scheme
|Visit Police Website
|Visit Police Twitter
|Email Police
|Telephone: 101
|Policing Links:
|Thames Valley Alert: Community Messaging
|How you can take action
|Community Payback
|Report a non-emergency crime or incident online
|Find us on Facebook
|Milton Keynes Council
|Safer MK
Recent Crime in the Area
|Source: data.police.uk accessed via API
Map of Crimes Committed Near Blackwell Place
Random Street
Flint Hollow
Location Details
Blackwell Place
|OS Reference: 483382, 235678
OS Grid Reference: SP834357
|Latitude and Longitude: 52.012834684629, -0.7849276271543
|Approximate distance to the Coast: 42.11 miles
Ordnance Survey Landranger Map Series for Blackwell Place
|Map Number: 152
|Map Name: Northampton & Milton Keynes
|Shenley Brook End
|Milton Keynes
|South East
Nearest Railway Stations
|Milton Keynes Central Rail Station is 2.49 Kilometers away (1.55 miles)
|Bletchley Rail Station is 3.98 Kilometers away (2.47 miles)
|Fenny Stratford Rail Station is 5.06 Kilometers away (3.14 miles)
|Wolverton Rail Station is 5.98 Kilometers away (3.72 miles)
Nearest Airports
|London Luton Airport is 31.82 Kilometers away
|London Oxford Airport is 41.36 Kilometers away
|Coventry Airport is 61.40 Kilometers away
|London Heathrow Airport is 64.21 Kilometers away
Nearest Ferries
Nearest Motorway or Major Trunk Road
|Blackwell Place is approximately 1.16 miles from the A5
Nearest Motorway Junctions
|Junction: M1 J14/A509 - 7.79 Km Away
|Junction: M1 J13/A421(T)/A421/A507 - 12.65 Km Away
|Junction: M1 J12/A5120 - 19.58 Km Away
Health Clinics
|Westcroft Health Centre
|Westcroft Health Centre, 1 Savill Lane, Westcroft, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK44EN
|Distance: 1.00 Kilometers
|Telephone: 01908 520545
|Watling Vale Medical Ctr.
|Watling Vale Medical Ctr., Burchard Crescent, Shenley Church End, Milton Keynes, MK56EY
|Distance: 1.36 Kilometers
|Telephone: 01908 501177
|Hmp Woodhill
|Hmp Woodhill, Tattenhoe St, Woodhill, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK4 4DA
|Distance: 1.44 Kilometers
|Telephone: 01908 722000
|Whaddon House Surgery
|Whaddon Medical Centre, 25 Witham Court,bletchley, Milton Keynes, MK37QU
|Distance: 2.00 Kilometers
|Telephone: 01908 373058
Nearest Libraries
Westcroft Library
|17/18 Barnsdale Drive, Milton Keynes, MK44DD
|Distance: 0.71 Miles
|Visit Website
Bletchley Library
|Westfield Road, Milton Keynes, MK22RA
|Distance: 2.85 Miles
|Visit Website
Open University Library
|Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK76AA
|Distance: 3.37 Miles
|Visit Website
Nearest Tourist Attractions
|Attraction Name: Bletchley Park
|Distance: 3.32 (km)
Tourist Attraction
|Attraction Name: Xscape (Milton Keynes)
|Distance: 3.90 (km)
Tourist Attraction
|Attraction Name: Thrift Farm Park
|Distance: 4.14 (km)
|Attraction Name: Milton Keynes Museum
|Distance: 5.12 (km)
Nearest Schools
Caroline Haslett Primary School
|Distance: 0.61 Kilometers
|Type: Primary
|Address: Faraday Drive, Shenley Lodge, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK5 7DF
|Telephone: (01908) 231101
Long Meadow School
|Distance: 0.65 Kilometers
|Type: Primary
|Address: Garthwaite Crescent, Shenley Brook End, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK5 7XX
|Telephone: (01908) 508678
Shenley Brook End School
|Distance: 0.70 Kilometers
|Type: Secondary
|Address: Walbank Grove, Shenley Brook End, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK5 7ZT
|Telephone: (01908) 520264
Glastonbury Thorn School
|Distance: 1.00 Kilometers
|Type: Primary
|Address: Pigott Drive, Shenley Church End, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK5 6AB
|Telephone: (01908) 504648
Broadband Speed (megabits per second)
|Speed: Greater than 2 Mbps
|Average Speed: >=30
|Median Speed: 8.7
|Maximum Speed: >=30
|Next-generation access (NGA)?: Y
|Number of Connections: 11


text:
Gonna black out the nasty ass wheels on the focus cause I don't feel like shelling out for new wheels right after taking a huge loan .
Anyways, I was thinking to go with it I'd darken the lights a bit. Not super black like an asshole, just something like the VW below. I'd rather not do it permanently and it turns out plastidip has a smoke spray for just that. Anybody ever use the stuff?
This is relevant to my interests as well


text:
Home >> Computer Engineering
Q1. How DHTML is distinct from the HTML?
Q2. Give meaning of the given socket primitives for TCP/IP:
Socket, Bind, Listen, Accept, Send, Receive, Close, Connect
Q3. What do you mean by the term Socket communication?
Q4. prepare down an illustration of XML document.
Q5. Comment on the given statement:
'AJAX is about better internet applications'.
Q6. What do you mean by thread pools? Illustrate their advantages?
Q7. What do you mean by application server and web application server?
Computer Engineering, Engineering
Instructions for HW: Provide your own short Java code example that uses a For or While loop. Be sure to test and describe what your code is doing. Use Java comments to document your code.
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Risk free return is at 6% and expected return of market portfolio is 18% wit standard deviation 2.5%.draw CML Let us take hypothetical value of standard deviation portfolio as 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4.
Suppose that the terminals of an electrical device are labeled a and b. If vab=-15V, how much energy is exchanged when a positive charge of 4C moves through the device from a to b? Is the energy delivered to the device o ...
A glass has the shape of a truncated cone of height 5 inches. Its top diameter is 3.5 inches and its base diameter is 2 inches. If water is poured into the glass at 2 gallons per minute, write a script to calculate how l ...
1. Miles-per-Gallon A car's miles-per-gallon (MPG) can be calculated with the following formula: MPG = Miles driven / Gallons of gas used Design a program that asks the user for the number of miles driven and the gallons ...
Write an algorithm that adds up a sequence of twenty numbers and outputs the sum of the numbers as well as the average of the numbers.
Write the SQL commands to obtain the following information from the system catalog: a. List every table that you created. b. List every field in the Customer table and its associated data type. c. List every table that c ...
Assume that the average time taken to fetch and execute an instruction in the program in Figure D.17 is 5 nanoseconds. If keyboard characters are entered at the rate of 10 per second, approximately how many times is the ...
Suppose your studying partner states that the opportunity cost of studying chapter 1 of your microeconomics textbook is about 1/25 the price you paid for the book, since the chapter is about 1/25 of the book. Do you agre ...
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text:
I post a lot of pics of my face at different angles, but I looked up at myself in my bathroom mirror and liked what I saw head on (also it's so cold in my house so my hood has been up all day).
anonymous asked:
Girls with long, meaty tails
I post a lot of pics of my face at different angles, but I looked up at myself in my bathroom mirror and liked what I saw head on (also it's so cold in my house so my hood has been up all day).
anonymous asked:
Girls with long, meaty tails
I want Re-class battleship to break into my house and smash me over the head with her tail, killing me instantly.
Thanks for tagging me @diemannschaftofficial bby ♥
Name: Fruzsina
Star Sign: Virgo
Height: 5′4
Favorite musical artists: uhm Avenged Sevenfold obviously, Asking Alexandria, Twenty One Pilots, Blink-182, Fidlar, Queen, Iwan Rheon, Juanito Makandé
Song stuck in your head: ByeAlex - Fekete (it's a hungarian song, you guys should check it out)
Last movie you watched: That's my boy
Last TV show you watched: Catfish
What are you wearing right now: White t-shirt and shorts with cherries on it
When did you create this blog: I had to check it, 2013 June
What kind of stuff do you post: mainly a7x, sometimes personal stuff
Do you have any other blogs: a personal one
Do you get asks regularly: not really, I guess I'm annoying
Why did you choose your URL: I don't even know, it just popped into my head
Hogwarts house: -
Pokemon team: -
Favorite color: turquoise and grey
Average hours of sleep: 4-6
Favorite characters: Ramsay Bolton (I just can't, sorry he's my bae), oh and Jared Leto as Joker PERF (I have a thing for creepy guys, idk)
How many blankets do you sleep with: two in the winter and one in the summer
Dream job: hm a rockstar wife or a soccer wife oooor a professional make up artist orrrrr one of those fancy instagram models hahaha
Amount I follow: 83
Followers: 2804
Ill tag: @thebellenouvelle @liquidlipstick @flyingone @cantrells @obsynity @zackvengeance @glitter-swamp
Oh, know the perils, read the signs,
the warning history shows,
for our Hogwarts is in danger
from external, deadly foes
And we must unite inside her
or we'll crumble from within
I have told you, I have warned you…
let the Sorting now begin.
@saxrh on instagram
Wave tattoos are really cool
Heathers (1988)
This is my new favourite gif
(All credit goes to shit-and-more)
Stand By Me (1986)


text:
Ahh, the joys of an inner join.

I need to rename a column. What's the best way to do it straight from SQL code? I don't have admin access, so I can't go into any of the SQL server apps. Do I just drop the table and make a new one or is there a better way?

Thanks

Ben


text:
Tower Crane
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
5/21/2014 (2 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
In yet another attempt by the U.S. federal government to break down all barriers of privacy, a new national program called "biosurveillance" will give bureaucrats access to Americans' private medical information. According to Twila Brase, a public health nurse and co-founder of the Citizens Council for Health Freedom, the proposal would allow the federal government to monitor an individual's behavior before, during and after any government-defined health "incident."
"It's very clear to us that really the government is moving toward real-time access, toward close collaboration of government and doctors for ready access to the electronic medical record and then to conduct research and analysis," Twila Brase says.
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
5/21/2014 (2 years ago)
Published in Politics & Policy
Keywords: Biosurveillance, privacy, Twila Brase
LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - In plain language, the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response is seeking public comment on a 52-page draft of the proposed "National Health Security Strategy 2015-2018."
"Health situational awareness includes biosurveillance and other health and non-health inputs (e.g., lab/diagnostics, health service utilization, active intelligence, and supply chain information), as well as systems and processes for effective communication among responders and critical health resource monitoring and allocation," the draft states.
Starvation takes no vacation --
Brase warns that this is too hazily defined, and gives the federal government sweeping powers.
"It's very broad. It doesn't seem to have any limits, except they say something about, you know, properly protecting the data. But from our perspective, if the government gets access to this kind of data, [and] is allowed to do research with the data.then our privacy has already been compromised. The government has already said that our data is their data for their purposes of national health security," Brase says.
"It's very clear to us that really the government is moving toward real-time access, toward close collaboration of government and doctors for ready access to the electronic medical record and then to conduct research and analysis.
"I don't think they ever mentioned the word merging, but this is a very close connection they want between public health, which is the government, and clinical health, which is your doctor's office and the hospital, for whatever diseases they choose to have reported," she added.
Brase also noted that the information collected by the government will be "all-encompassing" and include "what our health status is, whether we exercise, how often we get a cold, or what kind of medications we're taking. They're also looking at the climate, and the economic condition of the country, as all being a party of this National Health Security Strategy."
"In other words, anything and everything could become a health threat by the government's standards," she warns.
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Donald Trump may be among the most maligned presidential candidates in recent history. He is roundly detested and despised. He gets no affection from the media and even many of his supporters are keeping to themselves. Yet, he has a strange allure that has enabled him ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Americans are sick and tired of politics, and one another, on social media. A new study from Pew Research shows that Americans are "worn out" by all the politics on social media. LOS ANGELES, CA (California Network) - Americans are fed up with the current election ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
The third and final presidential debate between Clinton and Trump was surprising because it stuck mostly to the issues. However, there were some cringeworthy moments from both candidates. Snap polls following the debate hand the win to Trump, but pundits say Clinton is ... continue reading
By Catholic Advisory Group to Donald Trump.
The Catholic Advisory Board to the Donald Trump/Pence campaign has issued a statement regarding the absolute lack of apology for the anti-Catholic bigotry in the Clinton camp exposed by WikiLeaks. At this point, any Catholic who casts a ballot for Clinton is also ... continue reading
By Ken Blackwell
The essential question this year is not who is the more congenial personality, but who is more likely to address the range of pressing issues facing America? Under whom are Americans likely to be safer? More prosperous? Better educated? Allowed to practice their ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
The Trump/Pence campaign has asked for prayers as the nation moves closer to the election. A lot is at stake. Hillary Clinton and her team have promised to destroy the Catholic Church in America, describing Catholics as 'backwards.' Catholics need to unite in prayer to ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
As WikiLeaks reveals the corruption of the Clinton camp and the DNC, Republican presidential nominee, Donald Trump has expressed concerns that he could be running in a rigged election. The idea of a rigged election is catching on with Americans who are becoming ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Much has been made of Donald Trump's statements about Russia and Vladimir Putin. However, leaked emails suggest the Clinton camp may also be cozy with the Russians. New information reveals that Clinton chair John Podesta has a lot of shares in a Putin-linked company. ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
We are often asked why we're discussing politics on a Catholic website. That's because it is a Satanic Lie that our politics and our faith should be separated. This is how we get politicians like Tim Kaine, who claim to be Catholic but support abortion. Do you believe ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
The current presidential election antics have disgusted everyone. We are being asked to vote against a candidate rather than to vote for one on the basis of merit. We are instead playing a game of "would you rather." Yet we must consider which candidate would truly ... continue reading


text:
David Taylor, a forestry consultant from Gloucestershire, reviews The Times
Yesterday's Times seemed dominated by death, from the Hillsborough lead story (at least some satisfaction in vindication after 23 years) to deadly fires in Pakistan to the bathos of "the bloody dog" Richard III turning up in, of all unglamorous places, a car park in Leicester. The continuing mystery of the shooting of the Hilli family seems no closer to being solved.
On a slightly lighter note, German judges show that they can look just as ridiculous as do our own judiciary in their wigs and gowns, the red outfits overshadowing the import of their decision on the eurozone bailout.


text:
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Moscow - Russian race walkers Olga Kaniskina and Sergey Kirdyapkin on Wednesday returned their medals from the London Olympics after their results were annulled for doping, Russia's athletics federation told AFP.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) ruled in March to strip six Russian track and field stars -- including the duo and fellow race walker Valery Borchin -- of the titles and medals from a period ranging from 2009 to 2013.
"Kaniskina, Kirdyapkin and Borchin handed their medals to the federation," federation spokeswomen Alla Glushchenko said.
The three other athletes stripped of their titles were race walkers Sergey Bakulin and Vladimir Kanaykin, and Olympic steeplechase champion Yuliya Zaripova.
The Russian athletics federation (ARAF) could not confirm whether these three had also relinquished their medals to international sports bodies.
The decision came after CAS upheld an appeal by the IAAF, which had criticised Russia's "selective" disqualification of these athletes' results, accusing the country of annulling results only for minor competitions.
Kaniskina, who won silver in the 20km event at the 2012 London Olympics, relinquished her Olympic medal as well as her two world champion titles from 2009 and 2011.
Kirdyapkin, who won gold in London, has also lost his Olympic title and his gold medal at the 2011 World Championships.
ARAF also said that Borchin had surrendered his gold medals in the 20km event at the 2009 and 2011 World Championships.
The federation said it would hand the athletes' Olympic medals to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the world championship medals to the IAAF.
Russia is now toiling to overturn the provisional suspension of its athletics federation in time for its track and field stars to compete at the Rio Olympics in August.
The federation was suspended in November after a report by a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) independent commission that found evidence of state-sponsored doping and mass corruption in Russian athletics.
Russian sports minister Vitaly Mutko said last week that Russia would not include athletes who in the past had committed "gross violations of anti-doping rules" on its Olympic team.
IAAF is set to rule on June 17 whether to lift Russia's provisional suspension.
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Videoconferencing | News
Oxford University Press, a department of the university, will be releasing a new English language teaching service for delivering daily lessons through videoconferencing. The department is using the delivery platform developed by Eleutian Technology, a company that already teaches English as a second language to students around the world.
The new service, TeachCast with Oxford, combines Eleutian's software and teachers with Oxford's content. The instructors will be using materials from two of Oxford's courses. Language lessons for K-6 students will use the Let's Go series, andadult students will learn business English skills with Business Venture, a short business course for people who want to learn how to communicate in English in business situations.
"The TeachCast system is an innovative solution that makes English language teaching more accessible to children and adults. Over 24 million people have learned English with our Let's Go and Business Venture courses and, by partnering with Eleutian, we will extend our reach even further," noted Peter Marshall, managing director of the English Language Teaching Division of Oxford's Press division.
The initial delivery will focus on drawing students in Asia, the Middle East, and South America. However, the venture will also offer TeachCast with Oxford to "existing channels" around the world.
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Unforeseen events can cause substantial downtime and learning disruptions for students and teachers. Preparing for the unexpected can seem like an impossible task, but with a well-defined planned learning can continue without interference. Utilizing virtualization and mobility technologies allows IT to provide seamless access to apps, data and collaboration tools, enables the ability to provide support or troubleshoot remotely ensuring students are engaged and can stay productive anywhere, anytime.
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But still photographers usually try to cooperate with others in taking photographs to avoid such clashes as far as possible. A reasonable number of free copies of the Action Plan may be obtained from the Division of Grants and Special Programs. view dates Graham Burns 23 years working as a commercial lawyer in the City and even longer playing competitive sport gave Graham Burns a unique perspective on how yoga can help with the stresses of daily life.


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yumidirect.co.uk was registered 9 years 3 months ago. It has a alexa rank of #268,206 in the world. It is a domain having .co.uk extension. This site has a Google PageRank of 3/10. It is estimated worth of $ 18,900.00 and have a daily income of around $ 35.00. As no active threats were reported recently, yumidirect.co.uk is SAFE to browse.
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State Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan will formally inaugurate Madhya Pradesh Travel Mart on October 15, an official said on Sunday. The third edition of the three-day Travel Mart will primarily focus on marketing and promoting Madhya Pradesh as a tourist destination throughout the year, he said.
According to the official, around 70 representatives from 25 countries, 175 representatives from India and 80 representatives of different associations of travels and tour operators are expected to take part in the event. Deliberations on scope of tourism industry, increasing the tourist influx in Madhya Pradesh, investment in the sector and encouragement to hotel and hospitality sector will be taken up at the event, he added.
Madhya Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation Limited (MPSTDC) Managing Director Hari Ranjan Rao will give details of steps underway to rev up tourism in the state. Besides, views will be exchanged on wide range of subject involving tourism sector at the event, the official added.
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Representatives of Indian Association of Tour Operators, Travel Agent Association of India, Federation of Hotel and Restaurant Association and Adventure Tour Operator are expected to participate, said the official. Madhya Pradesh Minister of State for Tourism and Culture Surendra Patwa and MPSTDC Chairman Tapan Bhoumik will be present at the inaugural function.


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Author and Publisher - Catholic Online
Bishop of Arles, France, and friend and relative of St. Honoratus. He was born to a noble family in Lorraine and was successful, although he gave up his secular career to join St. Honoratus at Lerins Abbey. When Honoratus died after being named the bishop of Arles, Hilary was chosen as his successor in 429. He was known for his austerities, his aid to the poor, and for ransoming captives. On two occasions Hilary became embroiled in controversies with Pope St. Leo I the Great, but they were reconciled, and Hilary's sanctity brought him great veneration.
Saint Katharine Drexel, Religious (Feast Day-March 3) Born in 1858, into a prominent Philadelphia family, Katharine became imbued with love for God and neighbor. She took an avid interest ... continue reading | shop
St. Joseph was born in 1603 at Cupertino, in the diocese of Nardo in the Kingdom of Naples. After spending his childhood and adolescence in simplicity and innocence, he finally joined the ... continue reading
Saints Joaquin (sometimes spelled "Joachim," pronounced "wal-keem") and Anne, are the parents of the Virgin Mary. There are no mentions of them in the Bible or Gospels, what we know comes ... continue reading
Karol J. Wojtyla, known as John Paul II since his October 1978 election to the papacy, was born in Wadowice, a small city 50 kilometres from Cracow, on May 18, 1920. He was the second of two sons ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
What we know of St. Elizabeth comes from the Gospel, the book of Luke, in particular. In Luke, Elizabeth, a daughter of the line of Aaron, and the wife of Zacharias, was "righteous before God" and was "blameless" but childless. Elizabeth is also a cousin to the Virgin ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
Born on January 13, 1891 in Guadalupe, Mexico, Miguel Agustin Pro Juarez was the eldest son of Miguel Pro and Josefa Juarez. Miguelito, as his doting family called him, was, from an early age, intensely spiritual and equally intense in hi mischievousness, ... continue reading
Hugh of Lincoln was the son of William, Lord of Avalon. He was born at Avalon Castle in Burgundy and was raised and educated at a convent at Villard-Benoit after his mother died when he was eight. He was professed at fifteen, ordained a deacon at nineteen, and was made ... continue reading
By Billy Atwell
In the face of the current "witch-hunts" endured by some of our Bishops, let us remember a hero on October 17, the feast of St. Ignatius of Antioch. St. Ignatius of Antioch is a bishop and martyr of the Church who died in the year 107. He was torn ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes


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Sonos Zone Player ZP120
What is it?
A multiroom, network-capable music system from California-based Sonos.
What's special about it?
This one's for the music lover. Using multiple accessories, this system lets you listen to your music library wirelessly in multiple rooms, hook on to the internet for radio and customise the volume levels or pick tracks for individual rooms. Simply put, this is music like you've never heard before.
So how does it work?
Well, this might sound complex but it's actually very simple to set up. Sonos lets you choose storage devices that are connected to your network (this could be a computer or a networked hard drive) and then accesses music files to play through its ZonePlayers. You can also hook up your MP3 and DVD players to a ZonePlayer to play music. The system is capable of handling up to 32 ZonePlayers in one home.
Sounds simple enough. But what are all the other accessories for?
Ahh, therein lies the beauty of this ecosystem. But remember, you don't have to buy all of them to complete the system.
First, the ZonePlayers (which come in three avatars: the ZP120, ZP90 and the S5) are amplifiers which can be wired directly via the in-built ethernet ports. While the ZP120 and the ZP90 can be connected to your own speakers (Sonos also makes speakers) and stereo system, the S5 is an all-in-one and comes with its own in-built speaker. You can buy one of these, many of one or all of them for different rooms.
Then there is the ZoneBridge (BR100), which wirelessly speaks to all the ZonePlayers. The Zone-Bridge is useful if your ZonePlayer is not directly wired to your internet connection or of you have multiple ZonePlayers in your home.
The touch screen full-colour display Controller (CR200) gives you control of your music at your fingertips. The remote comes with its own charging cradle. There is also a nifty wireless Dock (WD100) that can play all the music in your iPod or iPhone in all the rooms where you have Sonos.
Now there is a little twist to this: Sonos has also created Controller apps for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad which are free to download from your AppStore, automatically turning them into remote controls (sounds familiar Apple TV users?). All Sonos products come with Controller software for Mac and PC so you can control your music from your computer. This makes the CR200 optional. An Android app is scheduled to be launched later this month.


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Specialty Food
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Bold Parmesan Garlic Vinaigrette Product ID: NF0157412 Lucini Italia
- "We are very pleased with the duck breasts that we ordered. I'm sure we will be ordering more in the future.
- "I was completely satisfied. The web site is easy to use and the product arrived in a timely manner and in good condition.
Bold Parmesan Garlic Vinaigrette
Product Id: NF0157412
Sold as: Case of 6Weight: 7.5 lbs
List Price: $44.96Savings: $8.91
DescriptionLucini ItaliaMfg#: 13250
Each vinaigrette recipe is made with the highest quality and best local available, representing a commitment to culinary excellence and real food that is both convenient and flavorful. Full bodied and bursting with all natural flavor, our vinaigrettes are specially blended to provide a versatile dressing that adheres well to greens, adds punch to sandwiches and brings new depth to meats and poultry when used as a marinade. Lucini Italia Vinaigrettes are 100 percent GMO Free and never add sugar, dehydrated herbs or anything artificial
Lucini Italia Bold Parmesan Garlic Vinaigrette, 8.5 Ounce -- 6 per case.
Gluten Free, Wheat Free
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