text:
Doctor insights on:
Congestion Ear Pain
Fever, chills, congestion, ear pain swollen glands on my neck and armpits, and severe neck pain.
Fever and glands: What is duration? Most likely viral syndrome such as ebv although should stil seek medical attention. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Congestion (Definition)
Congestion refers to any situation of "backup of fluid." Congestion may refer to the sinuses being backed up with mucus, while pulmonary congestion refers to a backup of fluid into the lungs due to ...Read more
I have sinus congestion, left ear pain and left jaw pain. What do these symptoms mean?
Interrelated: All can be from sinus infection. Many nerves in that area. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
Getting over influenza a, and I'm so congested. Currently breastfeeding 15 month old. Anything I can take for congestion and ear pain/fullness?
? URI: after a a flu, feels congested with ear pain/fullness, and breastfeeding: your best bet is to be seen by your doctor, you may need prescription medications, meanwhile, use saline nasal washes, it will help the congestion and probably your ears as well, use acetaminophen OTC for pain, fine with breastfeeding. Best wishes ...Read more
I have the following symptoms, headache, jaw pain, nasal congestion, and ear pain but, I have no fever. Do I have a pissible sinus infection?
Possible: There may be other causes for your symptoms. Sinus infection is possible as would be ear infection. Neither is usually associated with a fever since they are mostly localized infections. ...Read more
HA NP = tension headaches. No pain in back of head or feeling of rubber band on 4head. symptoms nasal pain, congestion, facial pressure & ear pain. Sinus?
Sinusitis: It is possible that your sinuses are congested. You need to see your doctor for examination. There are medications that will help. ...Read more
3days ago I suffer congestion of nose& ear,pain around eyes&above nose,flu&cough.maybe sinusitis?
But i feared meningitis or any mental disorders ?
Cold and flu: Not a meningitis - if it were, it would be very unlikely that you would be asking about symptoms 3 days into the illness online. If you are still troubled by symptoms then visit your doctor. Evaluation for sinusitis would seem appropriate. ...Read more
Could i be experiencing allergies in winter season ? I feel ill no fever ! upset stomach, sinus congestion, sore throat, ear pain/pressure. Low appeti
Yes: You may be allergic to indoor allergens which include house dust mites, molds, pet etc. However upset stomach occurs only rarely mostly from profuse post-nasal drips. If your house has a humidifier in the furnace or anywhere, be sure to check for molds in the water compartment. You need to consult your doctor as well since there are many other answers. ...Read more
Sinus probs for full week w/fever,ear pain,congestion,cough.No fever now lightheaded,Cant catch a decent breath,Chest very heavy,no fever just cough?
Shortness of breath: These symptoms should be investigated formally by a doc. I hate to think of it, but sometimes after a viral infection, a bacterial infection can settle in as a one-two punch. Good you don't have fever, but maybe you're suppressing it with motrin/tylenol? I think you need a chest X-ray to make sure your lungs are OK. Hope you get some help there. ...Read more
I'm having congestion, sore throat and ear pain. What could this be!
Cold: Those are all common symptoms of a cold that is usually caused by a virus. The only otc medication in studies to help with the common cold has been zinc lozenges if taken early enough. Other people report good sucess with high doses of vitamin c, but that has not been substantiated in studies. ...Read more
Got the flu shot 4 weeks ago became sick few days ago w/sore &swollen glands, bil ear pain , congestion in back of throat achey is this flu or cold?
Several things: Your flu shot was early enough to protect you from those 3 strains but there has been other strains this year that have infected those who got the shot.There are a bunch of other viruses; adenovirus, parainfluenza virus & others that give symptoms like you describe.Rest, good hydration & diet should help you heal. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Earache (Definition)
An earache can be a sharp, dull, or burning pain in one or both ears. The pain may ...Read more
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143% Increase In Dog Attacks In Essex Since 2010
Heart's discovered that dog attacks in Essex have increased by 143% over the last 5 years.
There are calls for procedures to be reviewed after a convicted murderer was found guilty of killing a woman on Canvey Island.
48 year-old Anthony Ayres, from Fairlop Avenue, was given a life sentence yesterday for the murder of 36 year-old Kelly Pearce in November last year.
Ayres was on licence from prison at the time following a murder conviction in 1994.
Essex's Police and Crime Commissioner, Roger Hirst, said: "The murder of Kelly Pearce on November 19, 2015, was shocking and tragic. I extend my heartfelt condolences to Kelly's family and friends.
"As disclosed during the trial, Ayres had a history of committing acts of extreme violence.
"When Ayres was previously found guilty of murder in 1994, it was reported that the judge described him as representing a serious danger to women.
"His subsequent murder of Kelly in 2015 has highlighted the risks of releasing serious offenders on license and the challenges of properly monitoring them in the community.
"As Police and Crime Commissioner, I have recently become a member of the Essex Criminal Justice Board. I am aware that formal reviews into the murder of Kelly Pearce are underway.
"It is essential that all relevant agencies, including probation services, the police, local authorities and the NHS, work closely together, sharing information, to prevent such tragedies from happening.
"Crucially, we need to understand why the monitoring arrangements put in place in this case were ineffective. A review of these procedures is needed".
Heart's discovered that dog attacks in Essex have increased by 143% over the last 5 years.
The £1.5 billion deal will also see new fleet rolled out across the network.
Attack happened in Colchester yesterday afternoon.
Fatal light aircraft crash could have been caused by the captain suffering severe heart problem, accident investigators said.
6am - 9am
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Find out more about some of the companies advertising on Heart.
Get some great ideas on how to advertise your business on radio, online and on mobile.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If you log in, you can comment on buildings, submit new photos or update photos that you've already submitted.
We need to upgrade the server that this website runs on. Can you spare a quid to help?.
Description: Sparks Hall
Grade: II
Date Listed: 26 April 1968
English Heritage Building ID: 174147
OS Grid Reference: TQ8055248332
OS Grid Coordinates: 580552, 148332
Latitude/Longitude: 51.2057, 0.5833
Location: Forsham Lane, Sutton Valence, Kent ME17 3EW
Locality: Sutton Valence
Local Authority: Maidstone Borough Council
County: Kent
Country: England
Postcode: ME17 3EW
Incorrect location/postcode? Submit a correction!
Explore more of the area around Sutton Valence, Kent at Explore Britain.
(south side)
Sparks Hall
Farmhouse. C15, with later alterations. Timber framed with
plaster infilling except left end bay, which has painted brick
ground floor and rendered first flour. Plain tile roof. Hall
of 2 unequal-length bays. Separately-framed, storeyed addition
to each end, that to left of 2 bays, unjettied and only slightly
projecting; not framed as cross-wings. 2-storeys and attics on
stone plinth. Hall close-studded, with deep cill towards base
of left bay, and with full-height post subdividing right bay.
2 tension braces to right end bay. Hipped roof. Line of wall-
plate of projecting bays continued over hall with boxed eaves.
Multiple brick stack in left end of right hall bay. Large
gabled dormer. Irregular fenestration of 5 casements; one small
2-light to left end, one 3-light to left end bay, one 4-light to
left hall bay, one 2-light to right hall bay and one 3-light to
right end bay. Blocked window with pegged cill to left of right
hall bay. C20 ribbed door up 3 steps to right end of right hall
bay. Lean-to to left. Interior: exposed framing. Gunstock
jowls. Moulded central crown-post. Plain end-of-hall crown-
posts. C17 panelling to left bay of hall.
Listing NGR: TQ8055248332
This text is a legacy record and has not been updated since the building was originally listed. Details of the building may have changed in the intervening time. You should not rely on this listing as an accurate description of the building.
Source: English Heritage
Listed building text is © Crown Copyright. Reproduced under licence.


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Does anyone know how to get the reflection from your cats eyes to not show up in the picture. every picture i have has his eyes looking like two head lights of a car!
post #1 of 10
8/20/05 at 7:08pm
Thread Starter
Originally Posted by rapunzel47
You may have a setting on your flash, which shows up on the display as an eye. If you use that, the flash goes off twice -- I gather what's happening is that the first time is to get the pupil of the eye to react to the flash, and contract, so that when the picture is taken with the second flash, the pupil is sufficiently closed that the reflection doesn't happen. Probably a clumsy explanation, but it's worthwhile using that setting, if you have it.
Originally Posted by HopeHacker
You could just open up all of the curtains in your house and use natural light. Those type of pictures look nicer and more realistic as well. I have something like 4 different flash settings on my camera, and with the lowest setting, the pictures come out without the bright glare in the cats eyes, and yet it gives off enough light, but the shutter is VERY slow using this setting, so you MUST hold the camera EXTREMELY steady or it will blur.


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Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse March 2011
- Eustacia Goodwin
- 1 years ago
- Views:
2 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse March 2011 By Eyal Ben Cohen And Rachel Winch
3 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse 2011 by Verifile Limited and Accredibase Verifile Accredibase Bedford I-Lab Stannard Way Priory Business Park Bedford, Great Britain MK44 3RZ Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Website: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, stored in a database or retrieval system, or conveyed via the Internet or a Web site without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Making copies of any part of this publication for any purpose other than your personal use is a violation of copyright laws. The material in this publication is presented for educational and informational purposes only and is not offered or intended as legal advice in any manner whatsoever.
4 Contents 1 Contents Introduction... 3 Chapter 1 So, What are Diploma and Accreditation Mills?... 5 Chapter 2 What s the Big Problem?... 8 Diploma Mills on Display Chapter 3 Webs of Deceipt University Degree Program Chapter 4 High School Diploma Mills The Capitol Network Protecting Against Substandard Online Schools The Accredibase Guide to Spotting Online Schools Chapter 5 Immigration, Bogus Colleges and Diploma Mills Private College and Diploma Mills International University of America Chapter 6 A Global Issue Chapter 7 Combatting Credential Fraud Progress in the United States? A European Perspective Sharing Knowledge
5 2 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse About Verfile Limited and Accredibase About Verifile Limited Verifile is Europe s leading background screening company. Its comprehensive range of services allows employers to verify employment, qualifications, identity, criminal records and credit histories globally. This is offered through quick, easy-to-use, affordable and innovative solutions. Verifile services are used by clients around the world, in a wide variety of sectors, with more than 30% of checks conducted outside the UK. Visit About Accredibase Accredibase, the first resource of its kind, is designed to help professionals involved in education verification weed out fake degrees from bogus universities, colleges and high schools. It offers constantly updated information, built using data gathered from law enforcement agencies and independent research. Visit
6 Introduction 3 Introduction A doctor is someone to be trusted, a person who has studied for years to earn his title, has gone through rigorous testing and peer review, and is an expert in his field, right? Wrong. The title can be bought online from a diploma mill for a few hundred pounds or dollars your pet rabbit can get those prestigious letters before its name. Wikipedia even publishes a list of animals with fraudulent diplomas 1. Despite the light-hearted nature of these stories about pets with degrees, they demonstrate a serious point. Some unscrupulous operators will award a diploma or degree in exchange for money without carrying out any checks on the applicant, and without requiring any actual study and people are really using these fake degrees to gain employment, trust and prestige. Accredibase, Verifile Limited s database of diploma and accreditation mills, keeps track of the credential fraud industry that exploits the anonymity and ever-widening reach of the Internet to sell its wares. After a busy year of research, Accredibase reveals a huge increase in the number of known diploma and accreditation mills. The database now includes 2,615 known bogus education and accreditation providers an increase of 48% in just one year. In addition to the huge number of confirmed mills known to Accredibase, new suspect institutions are discovered on a daily basis more than 2,000 are under investigation by Accredibase for inclusion in the database. There can be no doubt that bogus degrees are a real and worrying problem in today s society, given the number of sellers in the market. As Stephen Fry said on a recent edition of the BBC s QI, pseudo-credentialing is a big issue. In this report, we examine the current status of the diploma mill problem, revealing the global diploma mill hotspots. We investigate the new generation of bogus universities, taking a closer look at University Degree Program and Belford University networks, the involvement of bogus colleges in immigration scams and the phenomenon of online high school diploma mills. We also look back at the year s developments in terms of legislation to combat bogus education providers and discuss what can be done to protect employers, educators and the general public from bogus degrees. 1 See
7 4 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse
8 Chapter 1 - So, What are Diploma and Accreditation Mills? 5 Chapter 1 So, What are Diploma and Accreditation Mills? Diploma mills 2 are mostly online entities that offer substandard or bogus degrees in exchange for payment and not much else. Often these entities will grant a degree based on the submission of a résumé detailing life experience, and will even let the applicant choose his own subject and year of graduation. Others might require the student to do some work, but because of the lack of recognised accreditation or authorisation to grant degrees, the certificates are worthless. Systems of higher education recognition and accreditation vary greatly across the globe, making it easier for diploma mills to confuse and deceive. In the United States, authorisation to operate and grant degrees is usually issued by the state; however, accreditation is granted by private accreditation agencies. Accreditation agencies are considered recognized if they have recognition from either the U.S. Department of Education or the Council of Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). Some states will only license institutions with recognised accreditation; others allow unaccredited universities and colleges to operate. The United Kingdom does not operate the same system of accreditation by private organisations. In order to grant UK-recognised degrees, UK universities must be given degree-awarding power by a Royal Charter or Art of Parliament. This does not apply to foreign universities operating in the UK; they can offer their own awards in the country as long as they do not claim to be a UK institution 3. Diploma mills should not be confused with companies producing fake certificates in the names of genuine, respected institutions. Forgeries have become so sophisticated that it can often be impossible to tell a fake certificate from a real one. Counterfeit documents are a huge issue for prospective employers and educators, but fake certificates can soon be spotted by checking directly with the university or college in question, who 2 Diploma mills are commonly known as degree mills in the United Kingdom. 3 Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2011) Recognised UK degrees [Internet]. Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2011).
9 6 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse will be able to confirm whether or not the individual is on the graduation roll. Bogus universities, on the other hand, will readily verify their customer s credentials, so an extra level of diligence is required to weed out these degrees. Telltale signs of a diploma mill include poorly made Web sites, offering a degree at a very low cost and in a very short space of time, and the opportunity to choose your own graduation date. Some diploma mill operators go to extraordinary, and sometimes bizarre, lengths to attempt to give their universities credibility. Hillmax University is one such example. Hillmax appears to be a clone of the notorious Rochville University. It is not, unsurprisingly, authorised to offer or advertise degree programs in Ontario, Canada, where it claims to be located. We noticed that the university was using an image of Brian May, guitarist for the rock group Queen, upon receipt of his doctoral degree from the recognised UK University Liverpool John Moores! Diploma mills often surround themselves with other dubious organisations in an attempt to gain credibility. Figure 1: Hillmax University s home page featuring Queen guitarist, Brian May. These include accreditation mills and even micronations acting as recognition mills. An accreditation mill is a bogus accrediting agency that is not recognised by the authority responsible for governing education provision in its country of operation. They offer accreditation for a fee and will carry out little or no investigation into the quality of education provided by the institutions they claim to accredit. They often choose names similar to recognised accrediting agencies, and will even falsely add recognised schools to their lists of accredited members 4. Accreditation mills are often fabricated by the owners of diploma mills who are trying to deceive people into thinking their schools are legitimately accredited. Accreditation mills have been found to operate from the same address, and even have their Web site hosted at the same IP as schools they claim to accredit. 4 U.S. Department of Education, Office of Innovation and Improvement, State Regulation of Private Schools, Washington, D.C., 2009.
10 Chapter 1 - So, What are Diploma and Accreditation Mills? 7 We use the term recognition mill to refer to an entity such as a micronation, or individuals purporting to represent a micronation, that grants meaningless recognition to diploma and accreditation mills. Examples include Hutt River Province in Australia, and the Prinicpality of Seborga in Italy. Several diploma mills claim to be approved by Hutt River Province, a self-styled state in Western Australia, which is not recognised in in any way by the Australian Government 5. The Prinicipality of Seborga is a micronation located in northwest Italy, which covers an area of 15 km 2 with a population of less than 400. A group of diploma mills including Pebble Hills University claimed to be located in Seborga and to be recognised by the Principality s Department of Education 6. In fact, Seborga is administered by the Italian government and the Principality only has symbolic value. After a police investigation, the address used by Pebble Hills and 10 other institutions was found to be a room used as a cellar 7. 5 Australian Embassy, UAE (2007) Australian Government Does Not Recognise the Hutt River Province [Online] 23 October Available at: 6 Finocchietti, C, Checcacci, C. & Lantero, L. (2010) Cimea against the mills. CIMEA [Online] November Available at: 7 La Stampa (2006) Una Denuncia nel Web Segnalati Locali di Via Miranda che in Realta Eranostati Affittati a Turisti Esteri. La Stampa [Online] 14 February Available at:
11 8 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse Chapter 2 What s the Big Problem? The sheer number in existence indicates that selling degree certificates is big business for diploma mill operators, and that bogus degrees present real risk for prospective employers, educators and the general public. Bogus degree holders not only lack the qualification and associated experience they purport to have, but also demonstrate a clear lack of honesty and integrity. Many high profile examples exposing bogus degree users hit the media in Take the case involving EDS (a division of HP), who was ordered to pay damages to BskyB for making fraudulent representations when bidding for a 48 million project. The Times 8 reported that former EDS managing director, Joe Galloway, lied in court about the origins of an MBA degree. He was exposed when BSkyB s barrister purchased the same degree on the Internet from Concordia College and University for his dog, Lulu. The dog even managed to obtain higher marks for her Concordia degree than the EDS executive. For every high profile case, there are many, many more bogus degrees used by ordinary people, exposing potential employers to risk. Verifile s CV screening team regularly finds dubious qualifications popping up in its background checks. Recent examples involved a couple of blue chip financial service providers. The first was an applicant for a role managing sensitive functions in relation to the company s product line. The discovery of a degree from the bogus Rochville University on this candidate s CV was a real cause for concern for this bank. Figure 2: Sample Bachelor of Science certificate issued by Rochville University. 8 Spence, A. (2010) EDS employee lied to win 50m BSkyB contract. Times Online, [Online] 27 January Available at:
12 Chapter 2 - What s the Big Problem? 9 When Verifile first received the applicant s details, a degree from New Rochelle University was listed. At first glance, this might have been the recognised College of New Rochelle in New York. The applicant later told Verifile that the degree was from Rochelle University, an unfindable entity thought to be related to Rochville University 9,10. It was finally revealed that the BSc in Computer Technology was actually from Rochville when Verifile asked the candidate to supply a certificate. Figure 3: Sample Bachelor of Science certificate issued by University of NorthWest. Another example involved an applicant for a role in the IT department of a London-based mortgage company that had a BSc in Computer Science from the unrecognised University of NorthWest. In addition to having an entry in Accredibase, University of NorthWest has also been blacklisted in four U.S. States Texas 11, Oregon 12, Michigan 13 and Maine 14. According to Oregon s Office of Degree Authorization, University of NorthWest was actively selling invalid degrees in Afghanistan in the summer of This particular candidate had also lied about A-Level 9 Maine Department of Education (2010) Accredited and Non-Accredited Colleges and Universities. [Online] (Updated 29 September 2008) Available at Accredited/non-accredited.htm#DL [Accessed 28 July 2010]. 10 Oregon Student Assistance Commission (2010) Unaccredited colleges. [Online] (Updated 27 July 2010) Available at [Accessed 28 July 2010]. 11 Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (2010) Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas. [Online] (Updated 27 July 2010) Available at [Accessed 28 July Oregon Student Assistance Commission (2010) Unaccredited colleges. [Online] (Updated 27 July 2010) Available at [Accessed 28 July 2010]. 13 Michigan Civil Service Commission (2010) Colleges and Universities not accredited by CHEA. [Online] (Updated 13 October 2009) Available at [Accessed 28 July 2010]. 14 Maine Department of Education (2010) Accredited and Non-Accredited Colleges and Universities. [Online] (Updated 29 September 2008) Available at Accredited/non-accredited.htm#DL [Accessed 28 July 2010].
13 10 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse grades on his CV, which made Verifile s report regarding his bogus education even harder to ignore. If someone is prepared to use a degree from a diploma mill in a job application, he may well be prepared to fabricate or omit other parts of his past, as the above example demonstrates, or to deceive in the future. This kind of deception is a clear warning sign of a lack of honesty and integrity, even if a degree is not essential for the role, and exposes the potential employer to real risk. Diploma Mill Credentials on Display A quick search on the professional networking site LinkedIn reveals just how easy it is to find professionals flaunting diploma mill degrees. There are almost 2,500 hits on the networking site for Almeda referring to the notorious online diploma mill Almeda University; and 734 hits for Belford relating to Belford University and Belford High School. It seems incredible that bogus degree holders would want to advertise their credentials so publicly, and even more incredible that they might not be aware of the bad press surrounding these online universities. Bogus degree holders rely on the fact that many do not know that bogus universities even exist, and that a lot of prospective employers do not conduct thorough background checks. It is worthless to simply verify someone has a degree at a university if steps are not taken to ensure that the institution is not a diploma mill.
14 Chapter 3 - Webs of Deceit 11 Chapter 3 Webs of Deceit Our research focuses on making connections between bogus universities and their operators, making it easier to identify networks of mills run by the same people and to spot new bogus providers as they appear. It is often possible to connect bogus universities by looking at the style of Web site, text used, and through shared IP and physical addresses. University Degree Program One such network, University Degree Program (UDP), appears to be alive and well according to Accredibase research. We have linked a huge Figure 4: Entities with Web site hosted at the IP address number of university Web sites to a single IP address some of these Web sites were known to be part of the UDP network back in the mid 2000s (see Figure 4). The fact that these sites share the same IP address indicates that
15 12 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse they are all hosted on the same server, operated by the same person or group of people. If a diploma mill s Web site is hosted at the same IP address as the Web site of the organisation it claims to be accredited by, you can be pretty sure the accreditation agency was fabricated by the operators of the bogus university. Figure 5: Remarkably similar text on San Francisco International, Bellington and San Diego Pacific Universities' sites. We spotted other similarities between these entities by taking a look at the text and graphics on their Web sites (see Figure 5). The only difference between Bellington and San Francisco International looks to be the name. We also played match up the telephone number with UDP clones claiming to be in the UK (see Table 1 below). Telephone Number Diploma Mill Canbourne University Ashbourne University, Chelsea University Bellington University, University of Dorchester Sherwood University, Shepperton University Bedford University, Shaftesbury University Strassford University Table 1: Telephone numbers used by the UDP network.
16 Chapter 3 - Webs of Deceit 13 Ezell and Bear 15 called UDP the biggest degree business the world has ever known. Run by an American, it operated call centres in Romania and Israel, and by 2005 had purportedly sold 200,000 fake diplomas to mainly American and Canadian clients. In 2003, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ordered those involved, who were also selling phoney international driver s licenses, to close down several bogus university Web sites 16. The FTC and Israeli authorities shut down the call centre in Jerusalem and the owners promised to stop selling fake degrees 17. Despite this action, UDP never really went away, and now appears to be as active as ever with a whole new generation of diploma mills. In the mid 2000s, UDP was using a raft of British-sounding names to sell its fake degrees, including Bedford University (not to be confused with the legitimate University of Bedfordshire), Suffield University and Harrington University. By operating under the guise of many different university names, UDP could keep a low profile and quickly shut down a university once it received bad publicity. One UDP clone, Sherwood University, claimed to be located at 200 Holloway Road, London. The genuine London Metropolitan University is located at Hollow Road. Times Higher Education 18 reported that London Met battled for years to get the Web site closed down. It finally succeeded in getting the bogus university to change its address to 221 Holloway Road. Despite the action by the FTC, it is clear that UDP and many similar networks are still free to operate almost unchallenged on the Internet today. The question is - how do we tackle this type and scale of fraud? The fear is that in the current economic climate, more job applicants will be driven to desperate measures to bolster their CVs and fall victim to UDP and other unscrupulous operators. A lack of government resources and the elusiveness of diploma mill operators suggest that the answer must be to name and shame. 15 Ezell, A. & Bear, J. (2005) Degree Mills: The Billion-Dollar Industry That Has Sold Over a Million Fake Diplomas. Prometheus Books, New York. 16 Federal Trade Commission v One or more unknown parties doing business as The Institute for International Licensing, Aladdin Financial Management, University Systems and Wheelie International Limited (2003) Case No. 1:O3-CY-OOO21-RMC 17 Bartlett, T. (2004) University of Spam. The Chronicle of Higher Education [Online].25 June Available at: 18 Newman, M. (2008) London Met stops fraudsters using its address. Times Higher Education, [Online]. 24 April See: (Accessed 16 December 2010).
17 14 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse Chapter 4 High School Diploma Mills The bogus education issue does not only affect degree-level qualifications. Recently, a few stories have hit the media about online high schools offering worthless diplomas. Our research indicates that for every one that has been exposed in the media, many more lurk undetected on the web. Accredibase holds information on approximately 45 such institutions, with many more under investigation. Bogus online high schools offer diplomas based entirely on life experience or on passing an online equivalency test. Unsuspecting consumers purchase these certificates hoping for a quick fix solution to their lack of high school diploma, only to be rejected when they apply for college or employment. This phenomenon of bogus online high schools appears to be restricted to the U.S.; operators tend to target adult learners who did not graduate from high school and are considering taking the General Educational Development (GED) test. One such diploma mill, Belford High School, was taken to court in Michigan by an unsatisfied former student. Carrie McCluskey s application to Baker College was rejected after she purchased a high school diploma from the Web site for $250. All she needed to do for her certificate was answer 10 questions and wait one week for it to arrive in the post 19. Belford High School misleadingly attracts those searching for a GED on the Internet by using the term GED on its Web site. Belford does not, in fact, offer a GED at all that exam can only be taken in person and never online. Belford High School and its partner, Belford University appear to be part of a much larger network; either that or their Web sites have been copied by other scammers. Take Lorenz and Woodfield High Schools for example, both are using the same tag lines as Belford (see Figure 6 below). 19 Mostafavi, B. (2009) Flint woman wants to shut down alleged diploma mill Belford High School via llawsuit. Michigan Live [Online]. 20 November Available at: (Accessed 20 December 2010).
18 Chapter 4 - High School Diploma Mills 15 Figure 6: Sections of the Web sites of three "online high schools." These are just a couple of examples. Many more bogus entities can be linked to this network by the accrediting agencies they claim to be accredited by, and by similarities between their Web sites. Take the bogus accreditor Universal Council for Online Education Accreditation. In addition to Belford High School and University, it is also claimed as an accreditor by Cleveland Institute of Technology, Dover University, Melviz University, New York Global University, Rochville University, Université Ville-Marie and University of Westmeath. The Capitol Network Earlier this year, we came across a dubious-looking online high school claiming to be based in Phoenix, Arizona and accredited by Capitol Network for Distance Learning Programs. After some further digging, we uncovered a whole host of online high schools listing the same contact address (see Figure 7 below). Unsurprisingly, that address, 3116 E. Shea Boulevard, is home to a mailbox service - Shea Ship N Post.
19 16 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse Figure 7: Entities linked to the address 3116 E. Shea Blvd., Phoenix, Arizona We tried the equivalency test on a few of these sites to have a go at earning our very own high school diploma. We not only discovered that these sites are identical behind the login page, but also that the test can be taken as many times as you want they even give you the correct answers if you get them wrong the first time. We decided against spending $249 for the certificate. Protecting Against Substandard Online Schools Unlike degree-granting institutions, many American states do not regulate private high school education. Generally, there is not a requirement to be approved, licensed or authorised to grant a high school diploma. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Education does not recognise accreditors of primary and secondary level education as it does with postsecondary level accreditors.
20 Chapter 4 - High School Diploma Mills 17 In Arizona, where the Capitol Network group of schools claims to operate, there are no state requirements for regulation of private high schools 20. In Florida, the only requirement is that private schools register with the Department of Education; therefore, it holds a directory of private schools operating in the state, but it does not verify the accuracy of the information provided by the schools and it does not approve or accredit these schools 21. In our experience, officials at state education departments are reluctant to give opinions on online high schools, making it very difficult for both the public and other concerned agencies to establish their legitimacy. There is evidently a need to balance the freedom of genuine private education providers and the need to protect public interests. An audit conducted by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) examined the role of high school diploma mills in Federal Student Aid applications 22. It is estimated that $42.8 million in aid was distributed to 8,062 students with diplomas from online high schools between January 2005 and September The testimony identified a lack of clarity regarding the identification of high school diploma mills and a lack of communication from the Education Department to interested parties on how to spot these entities. It was noted that education officials acknowledged that diploma mill use is a problem and that more guidance would be helpful. At present, the only solution is to expose high school diploma mills. By ensuring information regarding dubious education providers is available to those who need it prospective students, employers and educators the demand for these qualifications will surely drop once it is clear that they offer no quick fix solution. Departments of Education should be encouraged to make available to the public information regarding bogus suppliers; and could require colleges and universities in their jurisdictions to report bogus diplomas presented to them by prospective students. Ensuring that background checkers are well informed and aware of diploma mills are keys to the fight against dubious education providers. We 20 U.S. Department of Education, Office of Innovation and Improvement, State Regulation of Private Schools, Washington, D.C., Florida Department of Education (2010) Private School information for Parents. Office of Independent Education and Parental Choice [Online]. Available at: Accessed 31 December U.S. Government Accountability Office (October 2009) Proprietary Schools: Improved Department of Education Oversight Needed to Help Ensure Only Eligible Students Receive Federal Student Aid. (Publication No. GAO T). [Online] Available at: Accessed 10 January U.S Department of Education, Office of Inspector General (January 2010) Final Management Information Report: Definition of a High School Diploma as a Condition for Receiving Federal Student Aid (X11K0001). [Online] Available at: Accessed 10 January 2010.
21 18 Diploma and Accreditation Mills: New Trends in Credential Abuse have put together The Accredibase guide to spotting online high school diploma mills. If any of these key signs is present, we believe you should be asking more questions about the legitimacy of a school. The Accredibase Guide to Spotting Online High School Diploma Mills You can get a diploma in a very short space of time usually just a few days. You can get a diploma based on passing an online equivalency test or based entirely on life experience. The same equivalency test can be taken as many times as you want. If you get the answers wrong, they will tell you the correct ones before you retake the test. Contact details are limited to an address or a toll free number. The institution is vague about its location. The only address, if any, is a mailbox. Sample certificates, transcripts or verification letters are available to view on the Web site. It makes over-complicated or misleading claims about accreditation or recognition. It claims to be accredited by an unfindable accreditor. It shares an IP or physical address with the entity it claims to be accredited by. The website is poorly designed, has poor spelling and grammar or it plagiarises copy from other institutions.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 2, 1981
|Filing date
|Aug 30, 1978
|Priority date
|Aug 30, 1978
|Publication number
|Berry W. Foster
|Original Assignee
|The Garrett Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (25), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to heat exchangers. Specifically, this invention relates to an improved formed plate heat exchanger construction.
Heat exchangers in general are well known in the prior art, and typically comprise a heat exchanger core having dual fluid flow paths for passage of two fluids in heat exchange relation with each other without intermixing. The fluid flow paths commonly comprise a plurality of relatively small and/or intricately shaped passages formed within a heat exchanger core so as to maximize the available core surface area for absorbing and transferring heat energy from one fluid to another.
In the prior-art, plate-type heat exchangers have become popular largely because of their simplicity of fabrication and ease of assembly. Such plate heat exchangers comprise a stacked array of relatively thin plates connected together in a spaced relationship so as to provide fluid flow regions between the plates. Extended surface fin elements commonly are interposed between the plates to form a multiplicity of relatively small fluid flow paths within the flow regions, and to increase the available surface area for absorbing and transferring heat energy. Suitable manifolds supply the two fluids to the heat exchanger for flow through the flow paths in the core without intermixing.
Plate-type heat exchangers of the prior art typically display certain disadvantages which limit their utility to relatively high technology applications. In particular, these heat exchangers require a variety of parts such as plates, fins, headers, and the like which must be carefully and accurately positioned and secured together for proper operation of the heat exchanger. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,804,284. Moreover, the plate materials are desirably thin to form a lightweight heat exchanger core with maximum heat transfer between fluids. However, the use of lightweight plates is limited by the capacity of the assembled core to endure mechanical shear loads and thermal cycling stresses without collapsing, stress failure, etc. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,914,077, 2,375,702, 3,463,222, 3,661,203 and 3,705,618.
The heat exchanger of this invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages of the prior art by providing an improved plate-type heat exchanger formed from a minimum number of parts, and including interfitting formed plates providing a rigid heat exchanger construction of three dimensional stability.
In accordance with the invention, a heat exchanger comprises a plurality of substantially identical formed plates each including spaced rows of semi-tubular channels. The channels include periodic recessed constrictions forming outwardly presented semi-annular recesses spaced along the lengths of said channels. The formed plates are connected together in inverted pairs to form rows of tubular fluid flow paths, with the constrictions varying the rate of fluid flow through said paths along the lengths of the plates.
The connected pairs of plates are arranged in a stacked array to form a heat exchanger core. Each of the formed plates includes a plurality of plate-supporting depressed dimples positioned for seating into the semi-annular constriction recesses of adjacent plates in the stack to form a heat exchanger core rigid in three dimensions and resistant to shear loading. The dimples also serve to space the connected pairs of plates from each other to form fluid flow paths in close heat exchange relation with the tubular paths for transfer of heat energy therebetween.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings:
FIG. 1 comprises a perspective view of a heat exchanger of this invention, with portions broken away;
FIG. 2 comprises an enlarged fragmented exploded perspective view of a portion of the heat exchanger;
FIG. 3 comprises an enlarged fragmented perspective view, partially exploded, illustrating assembly of the heat exchanger;
FIG. 4 comprises an enlarged fragmented elevation taken on the line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 comprises an enlarged fragmented elevation taken on a line 5--5 of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 comprises an enlarged perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the invention, with portions broken away.
A heat exchanger 10 of this invention is shown generally in FIG. 1, and comprises a heat exchanger core 12 carried within a housing 14. As shown, the heat exchanger core 12 comprises a stacked array of generally planar plates 16 and 19 forming dual fluid flow paths for passage of two fluids in close heat exchange relation with each other. More specifically, the plates 16 and 19 are arranged to form a plurality of elongated tubular channels 18 comprising a first fluid flow path for passage of a first fluid such as a heated gas or liquid. The tubular channels 18 are arranged in close heat exchange relation with a second fluid, such as air, flowing through relatively open flow regions 20 comprising a second flow path between the plates 16 and 19. Conveniently, the first fluid is supplied to the tubular passages 18 via an inlet conduit 22 coupled to a cylindrical inlet manifold riser 24, and is carried from the heat exchanger as by an outlet conduit 26 communicating with a suitable outlet manifold riser (not shown). Similarly, the second fluid is supplied to the heat exchanger 10 as by an inlet duct 28, and is exhausted from the heat exchanger as by an outlet duct 30 at the opposite end of the heat exchanger.
The plates 16 and 19 forming the heat exchanger core 12 are shown in more detail in FIGS. 2-5. As shown, each of the plates 16 and 19 is formed from a suitable sheet of metal, ceramic, or the like, and comprises a generally rectangular configuration adapted to fit inside the housing 14 of the heat exchanger 10. Each of the plates 16 and 19 includes a circular opening 32 near one end thereof (FIG. 2) comprising a portion of the cylindrical inlet manifold riser 24. Similarly, the plates 16 and 19 each include a second opening (not shown) near the opposite end thereof for alignment with the outlet conduit 26, and forming a portion of the outlet manifold riser. However, since the openings and the manifold risers are identical in construction, only the inlet manifold ends of the plates 16 and 19 are shown in detail in the drawings.
The inlet openings 32 of the plates 16 and 19 are bounded by a circular flange 34 projecting from the general plane of the associated plate. The flange 34 includes at its lower end a plurality of equiangularly spaced semi-circular openings 36 which are aligned with and form a part of a plurality of semi-tubular channels 38 formed within each of the plates 16 and 19. The channels 38 radiate outwardly from the flange 34, and then turn arcuately for longitudinal passage along the lengths of the plates 16 and 19. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the semi-tubular channels 38 turn arcuately for inward radiation toward the outlet manifold riser (not shown) and the outlet conduit 26.
The semi-tubular channels 38 of the plates include periodic recessed constrictions 40 along the lengths of said channels. These constrictions 40 serve to reduce the cross-sectional passage area of the semi-tubular channels 38 at regular intervals, and to form outwardly presented semi-annular recesses. Moreover, the plates 16 and 19 each include a pluarlity of depressed dimples 44 which project from the general plane of the plates in the same direction as the flange 34 and the semi-tubular channels 38. These dimples 44 are formed in rows staggered between the spaced rows of semi-tubular channels 38, and are positioned at predetermined points for mating reception within the semi-annular recessed constriction 40 of an adjacent plate, as will be hereafter described in more detail.
The plates 16 and 19 are assembled in inverted pairs 17 and 21, respectively, as by brazing or welding, with their semi-tubular channels 38 aligned with each other. More specifically, the plates 16 are all identical and are connected together in inverted pairs to form the flow channels 18. The other plates 19 are also identical, and differ from the plates 16 only in that their rows of semi-tubular channels 38 are offset or staggered with respect to the corresponding channels of the plates 16. These plates 19 thus, when connected together in inverted pairs, form additional tubular flow channels 18. Conveniently, the semi-circular passages 36 of the flanges 34 of the connected plate pairs 17 and 21 also align with each other to form circular entry openings 37 for admission of the first fluid from the inlet manifold riser 24 to the tubular flow channels 18, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The fluid thus is circulated from the inlet riser 24 through the tubular paths 18 to the outlet riser (not shown) which is identical in construction to the inlet riser 24, with the constrictions 40 forming periodic tubular constrictions serving to vary the fluid flow rate through each of the tubular paths 18 for increased heat transfer between the fluids and the plates.
The connected pairs 17 and 21 of plates 16 and 19 are arranged in an alternating stack with their respective flanges 34 sealingly secured together as by brazing or welding in mating and alternating vertical alignment to form the cylindrical inlet manifold riser 24 and the outlet manifold riser (not shown), and thereby isolate the inlet and outlet ends of the tubular passages 18 from the open flow regions 20. The assembled stack of plate pairs 16 and 19 forms the heat exchanger core 12 including spaced rows of the tubular flow channels 18. Because of the offset relationship between the plates 16 and 19, these spaced rows of channels 18 are offset or staggered with respect to each other as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Importantly, this staggered arrangement aligns the dimples 44 of each connected plate pair 17 and 21 for supportive reception within the semi-annular recessed constrictions 40 of adjacent plates in the stack. The dimples 44 are suitably secured in position as by brazing or welding to provide a plurality of support points between each connected plate pair 17 and 21 in the stack. These support points are regularly located over the length, width, and depth of the heat exchanger core 12 to provide a rigid heat exchanger core capable of withstanding relatively high shear loads and/or thermal cycling stresses.
A modified embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 6, and comprises a heat exchanger 70 including a housing 72 carrying a core 74. The core 74 is formed from a plurality of stacked plates each including spaced rows of semi-tubular channels 78 with periodic recessed constrictions 79, and rows of depressed dimples 80. The plates 76 are connected in inverted pairs with their semi-tubular channels 78 aligned to form tubular flow channels 84 for passage of a first fluid. The connected pairs of the plates 76 are arranged in stacked relation with each connected pair turned 180 degrees in the horizontal plane with respect to adjacent connected pairs to position their tubular flow channels 84 in staggered or offset rows. In this manner, the dimples 80 of each plate 76 are received in the recessed constrictions 79 of an adjacent plate to define relatively open flow regions 86 between connected pairs of the plates, and to provide a plurality of support points between the plates to form a three dimensionally rigid heat exchanger core.
In this embodiment, the plates 76 are all identical to each other, thereby further minimizing the number of different parts required for formation of the heat exchanger. The assembled heat exchanger core 74 is received in the housing 72, and a first fluid such as a heated gas or liquid is supplied to and exhausted from the core 74 by inlet and outlet conduits 88 and 90, respectively. More specifically, the inlet conduit 88 supplies the first fluid to an inlet end of the core 74 for passage through the tubular flow channels 84 comprising the first fluid flow path, and exhaustion therefrom via the outlet conduit 90 and the outlet end of the core. Importantly, the opposite ends of the plates 76 are turned to form mating flanges 92 which may be brazed or welded together and suitably sealed to the housing about the periphery of the ends of the core 74, to isolate flow of the first fluid to flow through the tubular channels 84, and thereby prevent first fluid flow through the open flow regions 86. A second fluid such as air is manifolded for flow through the open flow regions 86 as by inlet and outlet ducts 94 and 96 for passage in close heat exchange relation with the first fluid in the tubular flow channels 84.
A variety of modifications and improvements to the invention are believed to be within the skill of the art in view of the foregoing specification. For example, while the embodiment of the FIGS. 1-5 comprises a counter-flow heat exchanger, and the embodiment of FIG. 6 comprises a cross-flow heat exchanger, it is not intended to limit either these or other embodiments to any specific flow configuration. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to limit the invention except by way of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 5, 1928
|Sep 15, 1931
|Eugene Dewoitine Emile Julien
|Radiator composed of flat water elements
|Sep 23, 1930
|Oct 6, 1931
|Res & Dev Corp
|Heat exchange element
|Apr 7, 1939
|Jun 9, 1942
|Willard L Morrison
|Water heating device
|Aug 25, 1936
|Jun 8, 1943
|Servel Inc
|Heat exchanger
|Oct 26, 1944
|Feb 22, 1949
|Solar Aircraft Co
|Crossflow heat exchanger
|Jun 16, 1949
|Dec 2, 1952
|English Electric Co Ltd
|Plate type heat exchanger
|Dec 27, 1955
|Sep 12, 1961
|Reynolds Metals Co
|Spiral heat exchanger
|Jun 3, 1957
|Sep 12, 1961
|Olin Mathieson
|Heat exchanger
|Jan 15, 1968
|Sep 30, 1969
|Apv Co Ltd
|Plate heat exchangers
|Apr 18, 1973
|Jun 3, 1975
|Ulrich Regehr
|Contact body for the transfer of heat and/or substances
|Aug 24, 1973
|Jan 13, 1976
|Viktor Vasilievich Ivakhnenko
|Plate-type heat-exchange apparatus
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 21, 1987
|Mar 28, 1989
|Itt Standard, Itt Corporation
|Plate type heat exchanger
|Oct 6, 1988
|Sep 26, 1989
|Rolls-Royce Plc
|Heat exchanger
|Oct 17, 1988
|Jun 12, 1990
|Sundstrand Corporation
|Multi-channel heat exchanger with uniform flow distribution
|Feb 16, 1990
|Oct 30, 1990
|Rolls-Royce Plc
|Heat exchanger construction
|May 4, 1990
|Feb 11, 1992
|Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh
|Heat exchanger formed from superimposed trays
|Feb 1, 1994
|Jun 25, 1996
|Hubbell Incorporated
|Heat exchanger for electrical cabinet or the like
|Jan 27, 1995
|Jun 17, 1997
|Ail Research, Inc.
|Heat exchange assembly
|Oct 16, 1996
|Oct 26, 1999
|Alfa Laval Ab
|Plate heat exchanger
|Jan 7, 2004
|Jul 25, 2006
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Full plate, alternating layered refrigerant flow evaporator
|Jun 15, 2007
|Apr 23, 2013
|The Boeing Company
|Heat pipe apparatus and method
|Aug 9, 2010
|Mar 4, 2014
|General Electric Company
|Heat exchanger media pad for a gas turbine
|Dec 11, 2009
|Apr 12, 2016
|Swep International Ab
|Port opening of heat exchanger
|Jan 7, 2004
|Jul 7, 2005
|Papapanu Steven J.
|Full plate, alternating layered refrigerant flow evaporator
|Oct 11, 2006
|Apr 12, 2007
|Rodman Robert A
|TriHEX (tm) heat exchanger
|Jul 17, 2006
|Aug 28, 2008
|Peter Geskes
|Heat Exchanger
|Jun 15, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|The Boeing Company
|Heat pipe apparatus and method
|Dec 11, 2009
|Dec 22, 2011
|Swep International Ab
|Port opening of heat exchanger
|Aug 9, 2010
|Feb 9, 2012
|General Electric Company
|Heat exchanger media pad for a gas turbine
|Nov 14, 2012
|May 16, 2013
|Faurecia Systemes D'Echappemen
|Spiral Exchanger and Method for Manufacturing Such an Exchanger
|Jun 10, 1987
|Aug 8, 1989
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Multi-channel body
|Mar 10, 1993
|Sep 22, 1994
|Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh
|W�rmetauscher, insbesondere Ladeluftk�hler einer Brennkraftmaschine
|Apr 5, 1984
|Oct 10, 1984
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Multi-channel body
|May 3, 1990
|Nov 7, 1990
|Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union M�nchen Gmbh
|Dec 22, 2004
|Jul 13, 2005
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Full plate alternating layered refrigerant flow evaporator
|Jan 22, 1996
|Aug 1, 1996
|Ail Research, Inc.
|Heat exchange assembly
|U.S. Classification
|165/167, 165/182, 165/170, 29/890.039
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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The Office of the City Clerk is the custodian of official City government documents and public records. The Clerk's Office also provides efficient and cost-effective services for businesses and residents by issuing a variety of permits and licenses, and by helping to administer the bid and contract process on goods, products and services purchased by the City.
Visit Frequently Asked Questions for more information about public records.
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Nala Woodard, City Clerk
Staff Directory
City Hall 24 Eagle Street, Room 202
Albany, NY 12207
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The Albany Port District Committee will h old a board meeting at 12:30 p.m. in the Conference Room of the Port Administration Building at 106 Smith Blvd. Albany, NY.
In partnership with the Albany Devils, Lodge's Department Store, Burke Companies and the Albany School District, the drive collects cash donations to purchase new winter clothing items for Albany kids in need
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Creature Del Bosco
Scarlet Pimpernel Fairy- Cicely Mary Barker
A medieval castle, a church, and a Borgo comprise this centuries-old Tuscan wine estate with storybook-worthy vistas.
For the love between momma and her baby!!
Rosewood's Castiglion Del Bosco, Montalcino, Italy
bluepueblo: Forest Perch, Mt. Hood, Oregon photo via lynette
The Kiss - Playa del Carmen - Quintano Roo - Mexico by Felix Hernandez Rodriguez
schooling jacks at cocos island
Pan's Labyrinth. This guy scared the almost everything out of me when we went to see this at the movies. A lot of it was his movements, but even this picture freaks me out...... (though I admit in B he's a little less intimidating)
I love the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world....
Beautiful white/grey young horse. Precious sweet face!


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SOURCE: LiveScience
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Beer & Bullets to Go: Ancient 'Takeout' Window DiscoveredBreaking News
Some 5,200 years ago, in the mountains of western Iran, people may have used takeout windows to get food and weapons, newly presented research suggests.
But rather than the greasy hamburgers and fries, it appears the inhabitants of the site ordered up goat, grain and even bullets, among other items.
The find was made at Godin Tepe, an archaeological site that was excavated in the 1960s and 1970s by a team led by T. Cuyler Young Jr., a curator at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada, who died in 2006....
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text: Věra Věra is 41 years old female from Kolin, Czech Republic. She is interested in meet new people. 41, female, Velký Osek Likes: 384x Facebook profile Who s/he liked? Send message Favorite May she/he ask you for a date? Never Maybe Sure The Beatles Alternative Kultura Handbags Country Walks Computers Usher Kolo Blink 182 Whisky Report photo Sign up to see all photos Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Similar users Angelina 43, York 455 Clubs Mary 38, Miami 729 Rebecca 40, Houston 1233 ReggaeFood Barbara 43, Lubbock 1037 TattooWorkingNCIS+1 Jackie 44, Florence 1296 ShoesLil WayneBooks Jennifer 41, Hopedale 400 Dawn 44, Stockton 1248 Gwendolen 41, Wichita 177 Shannon 40, Fayetteville 261


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Using an assortment of hardware, junior biologists explore the theory of evolution. They consider how simple pieces of hardware might be changed into similar items and display their discoveries on a poster. The lesson would be appropriate for introducing the topic of evolution in your biology class.
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Trip Planner : USA / California / Yosemite National Park / Sightseeing / Valley View
Valley View, Yosemite National Park
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계곡을 배경으로 해서 멋진 기념사진을 남길 수 있을 뿐 아니라 바위와 숲이 물속에 비친 반영을 찍을 수 있었던 곳. 하지만 사람들이 자주 드나들어 그 기회를 포착하기 힘들다.Against the backdrop of the Valley will be able to leave a great souvenir photos, as well as reflect in the water, rocks and forests was able to take place, but people often come and go, it is hard to capture those opportunities.show original
This was a little hard for us to find, just a turn off in the road. We liked this view better than the more known Tunnel View because of the river.
Do not miss this stop. It's on the way out of the Valley, on the left side of the road. There really is no sign on the road to warn you to pull over. The lot is nice size but can fill up if the Park i... read more »
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Hotel Dar Naciria Essaouira: Find photos, reviews, information, amenities and compare prices for 3 stars hotels in Essaouira, Morocco.
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LANCASTER — The Columbia woman convicted in a racially motivated shooting and assault showed no signs of backing down, even as she was ordered to spend the next six years in state prison.
"I'd have shot her if she was white," Ashley Rose Curry said unrepentantly at her sentencing hearing Tuesday morning. "Race had nothing to do with this."
In July, Curry was convicted of shooting Jamie Roland outside Musser's Market in Columbia. Curry testified during the trial, never denying that she hurled racial slurs at the other women involved, also comparing herself to George Zimmerman, who was acquitted in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin. She claimed the shooting was an act of self-defense that occurred during a brawl where she was "outnumbered" and overpowered" by women coming at her "like a pack of wild animals."
After hours of deliberation, a jury decided Curry was guilty of felony aggravated assault for the shooting, as well as the misdemeanor counts of simple assault and ethnic intimidation for the attack on Alicia Glenn-McCowin.
The diminutive Curry entered the court room Tuesday morning, hair in two French braids, wearing a pale blue prison top and violet bottoms. The look replaced her flowing curls and pants suit at trial. Before the hearing, Curry pantomimed a kiss towards her boyfriend, Steven Smith.
Throughout the hour-long proceeding, Curry was verbally combative with her attorney, Samuel Stretton. She struggled to stay on topic and address the matters at hand, visibly frustrating officials as the sentencing plodded along.
Lancaster County First Assistant District Attorney Christopher Lechner said Curry seems to be wearing the incident as a "badge of honor." Lechner called the case disturbing and said circumstances clearly show it was racially motivated.
"Even to this day … there's not one expression of remorse," Lechner said, noting the difficulty of giving her any benefit of the doubt because of her testimony and stubbornness in showing empathy for the woman she seriously injured.
Stretton tried to seek mercy for his client, noting the good side of Curry that helps people, is involved in her church, and provides for her family. Stretton also pointed to domestic abuse she suffered at the hands of her ex-husband, which led to her carrying a gun and constantly fearing for her life.
"There is a lot we can work with here in spite of this serious charge," Stretton said, adding that Curry needed help as a survivor of abuse, with anger management, and accepting differences in people.
Smith spoke on Curry's behalf, arms crossed and in gravelly tones, explaining how much his girlfriend does for him. Smith admitted he and Curry have had relationship issues and filed protection from abuse orders against each other, but he called the filings "a joke." He added that he didn't know anyone who doesn't like Curry and that her reputation with others hasn't changed after the shooting.
Against Stretton's advice, Curry attempted to counter Larsen's portrayal of her character to Lancaster County Judge Merrill Spahn.
"He's slandering me," Curry said. She went on to say she didn't show remorse because it would have been a violation of her Fifth Amendment Rights. Curry then began to rehash the facts of the case, saying the jury didn't get to hear suppressed information that would have been favorable to her defense.
"Let's talk about you," Stretton said, attempting to get his client back on track. "Forget about the facts [of the case.]"
Anecdotally, Curry explained how she once helped a fellow parishioner at her church while he was being treated for cancer. The man, who is black, also had African American and biracial grandchildren who were in her Sunday school class and Curry said she taught them as she would any other child.
Going through her personal history, Curry told Spahn about her three children and how she had to explain to her two daughters — 9 and 12 — what was happening and why she was going to prison. She began to sob when describing how badly her ex-husband beat her and abused her for years.
"There was times I was amazed I lived through [the abuse]," Curry said.
Spahn ordered the sentence, calling Curry's use of the gun irresponsible and aggressive, and in direct contrast to the Second Amendment Rights he respects.
Curry, who refused to comply with the court's pre-sentence investigation, was not punished for lack of compliance, but Spahn noted it was hard to take her side into consideration without proper evaluations. In showing no remorse, her behavior and conduct showed irreverence for the victims, Spahn said.
"Your honor, only guilty people show remorse," Curry said, interrupting Spahn as he read his sentence. "I'm not guilty."
In addition to the six years and two months in state prison, Curry must pay $100,000 in restitution. Spahn made eligible for counseling, vocational and educational programs. He encouraged the truculent convict to exercise all of her appeal rights going forward.
Stretton who lobbied vainly on his client's behalf asked Spahn to place her close to her family and for all available resources, which Curry balked as was the theme during the hearing.
"I'd appreciate it if you'd consult with me before asking for psychiatric evaluations, this, that, and the third," Curry barked at Stretton during the reading of post-sentence rights.
Curry spent another 10 minutes going in circles about her rights, proclaiming her innocence, the faults of public defenders who initially handled her case before Stretton, and her myriad of complaints since the February 2015 shooting.
"I don't need change … only guilty people show remorse," Curry said before turning to be escorted out of the courtroom in handcuffs. "I love you Stevie. I'll call you later."


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Analyst Moerdler on Microsoft's Ballmer Retirement
Aug. 23 (Bloomberg) -- Mark Moerdler, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., talks about Microsoft Corp.'s announcement today that Chief Executive Officer Steve Ballmer will retire within the next 12 months. He speaks with Erik Schatzker and Stephanie Ruhle on Bloomberg Television's "Market Makers." (Source: Bloomberg)
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We get mail at Lurker! Today we're posting a batch of pictures sent in by Kasim Patton
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You are going to Watch Kamisama Kiss Season 2 Episode 6 English dubbed online free episodes with HQ / high quality. Stream Anime Kamisama Kiss Season 2 Episode 6 Online English dub Episode Description : The God Meets a Little Tengu. Okininushi thanks Nanami for performing so well in Izumo and says that she can go back to her shrine feeling proud. Nanami gets a little depressed when Okininushi says that Yokai and humans could never be joined together and so she asks Mizuki and Tomoe to return without her. She goes on a day out with Himemiko where she discusses her feelings about Tomoe. Himemiko advises her to enjoy her time with Tomoe as she is only human and Tomoe will never age…
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What's worth protecting?
Mobility, cloud, social networking and information technology have all combined to create a new kind of computing environment. We're always connected, wherever we are, and our data is spread between multiple mobile devices and cloud-based services. Welcome to the world of ubiquitous computing. But how do we keep it secure?
Gartner defines this merging of cloud, mobility, social networks and information as the nexus of forces. In this new computing environment, the concept of central control over a limited and well-defined IT resource is fading, and the traditional IT infrastructure is becoming less relevant, it says.
Or, as David Lacey likes to put it: "It's already dead." Lacey, who has managed security for organizations including the Royal Mail, Dutch/Shell and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, also helped write the BS7799 security standard and was a founding member of the Jericho Forum.
CIOs have already seen their infrastructures becoming more permeable, says Lacey, as they are forced to open them to third-party business partners, and as mobile and cloud-based technologies make their own employees' IT usage habits less predictable.
"For the last 10 years, all organizations have been progressively deperimeterized, whether they liked it or not," says Lacey. "Services are now being outsourced, the clients have become mobile – so it's really a trend that has been going on for some time.
Some more traditional organizations, particularly in heavily regulated and conservative sectors, such as finance, may be among the last adopters of this new, ubiquitous computing environment, but they, too, will succumb.
everything is connected
This has led to a mingling of traditionally separate domains, warns Paul Midian, a director in the cyber security practice at PwC. "The notion that each company has their own, separate (even logically separate) infrastructure is no longer valid. More or less everything is now connected," he warns.
This creates some challenging problems. Just as ubiquitous computing is collapsing the barriers between companies, it is also blurring the lines between personal and work usage. Both types of information are sitting on the same physical hardware, some of which an organization may not own.
Instead of trying to control a fluid, unpredictable flow of hardware, companies must therefore focus on protecting the information that they contain. "The tangible assets need to be divorced from the intangible. At this point, the ownership of the tangible assets becomes moot," says Midian.
independencies of multiple layers
One of the defining characteristics of the new IT ecosystem is its complexity. "It can be treated as a multi-layer model of communication, which requires security at each and every layer. Due to interdependency among different layers, one security flaw could have substantial impact on another," says Aditya Sood, a PhD graduate from Michigan State University and a member of consulting group SecNiche, which specializes in malware.
These complexities can have devastating results, says Peter Glock, Solutions Director for Secure Infrastructure at Orange Business Services. "If you connect things together, things will go wrong," he says, recalling Amazon's vast cloud outage of April 2011. "Amazon's East Coast infrastructure went down because of some low-level problem in a router somewhere," he remembers.
Today's intricately connected infrastructures are vulnerable to chaos theory: if a digital butterfly (or errant engineer) flutters his wings in one part of the network, it can have significant effects in other areas.
It isn't just ubiquitous computing infrastructures that suffer from security and reliability threats; the data structures that they support can also be vulnerable. The emergence of big data – vast, previously unmanageable information sets generated by mobile devices and social networks – resides in cloud computing infrastructures. They create new security risks, warns Glock.
"There are more data points to attack," he says, especially now that temporal factors are coming into play. Previously, data was largely static, or might be updated relatively infrequently. Now, big data sets are updated in real or near-real time. That means that data thieves can steal individuals' information from different time periods and compare the results.
change security mindset
All of this means that our thinking about security must fundamentally change, say experts. In a hyper-connected world, where mobile and social networks dominate, the old thinking isn't working. That's why we're still reading stories about LinkedIn's password stash being stolen and then decrypted online. It's why attackers can send the S&P 500 plunging by $136bn with a single Tweet. Three things have to change: skills, speed and focus.
September 2013 was the 20th anniversary of ISO 27002, the specification that the ISO 27001 security standard was based on, points out Lacey. The Web as we know it was barely formed. The early adopters were still using Netscape. Things need updating, he argues.
Current IT management often focuses on the Deming loop, a pattern of management whose basic tenet is "plan, do, check, and act," an 18-24 month cycle that often requires a committee to form a policy. Instead, Lacey recommends the Boyd cycle, which is a pattern of fast reaction prescribed by the U.S. military for aerial dogfights. Its tenet is "observe, orient, decide, and act."
This requires an entirely different set of skills than the ones CISOs have today, which have been reinforced by traditional training and auditing procedures. Relationship building is one, according to Lacey. "You need very good commercial skills, in terms of managing contracts and outsourcing relations," he says, adding that there must be more rigor around choosing business partners and technology service providers. "It should be a quantitative risk decision, rather than a 'tick box' thing, which is how suppliers are dealt with at the moment by security CISOs."
new technology emerging
There are some new technologies emerging that can help in the battle for security on a hyper-connected, ubiquitous computing landscape. MicroVPNs are one, says Glock. These virtual private networks secure connections on a per-application basis, rather than simply creating a large encrypted pipe down which all data can flow. That helps to control what mobile communications are allowed on a corporate network, for example.
Another, which is further off, is "homomorphic" encryption. This theoretically allows actions, such as searches, to be performed on data without decrypting it, making it a useful concept for secure cloud environments. However, while researchers have proven that it is possible, it is not workable at current computing speeds.
One thing that is workable today in a mobile, cloud-based environment is moving ID management and authentication to a federated identity system. It is far safer to manage authentication with multiple cloud-based services using a single point, says Glock. Again, this requires a new way of thinking about security, in which users will no longer even know their login credentials with individual cloud-based systems. "At the raw connectivity level, everything can get to everything," he points out. "So you don't do this at the network level anymore; you do it at the application level."
Because people are accessing systems owned by multiple providers, from different devices, for a variety of different purposes, old methods of control will not work. More nuanced approaches, such as application-layer authentication and permissions management, enable organizations to be more agile in their security approaches, says Glock.
"If the network is going to be much bigger, you have to put soft dividing lines in it," he says. "Have doors with locks on them inside your house. If someone is allowed to use the kitchen, that's fine. If they need to visit the bathroom, they'll need another key. You might give them one key, but not the others."
However, the change in thinking goes even deeper in the world of ubiquitous computing. Assume that you have already been compromised. Concentrate on protecting data, rather than simply ring-fencing physical systems. Deploy technologies in your infrastructure that spot anomalous behavior. And above all, concentrate on required outcomes, rather than simply focusing on controls.