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Flymake is a generic syntax checker for Emacs. Its combination with PyFlakes which is a syntax checker for python makes it a perfect setting for Python programming in Emacs. Here are the steps to make it to work:
1) Install PyFlakes:
- If you have python setuptools installed, just try
sudo easy_install pyflakes
- If you could not use the setuptools, you can also try using your distributions repositories. For Ubuntu/Debian you can try
sudo apt-get install pyflakes
2) Install Flymake:
- If you are using Emacs 23+, it is already included in your installation, follow to the next step.
- You can download it from here, and put it to your emacs directory under your home (usually, "~/.emacs.d" directory).
3) Copy the following to your "init.el" file, which is again located under your Emacs folder (e.g. "~/.emacs.d/init.el"):
;;===== PyFlakes ;; code checking via pyflakes+flymake (when (load "flymake" t) (defun flymake-pyflakes-init () (let* ((temp-file (flymake-init-create-temp-buffer-copy 'flymake-create-temp-inplace)) (local-file (file-relative-name temp-file (file-name-directory buffer-file-name)))) (list "pyflakes" (list local-file)))) (add-to-list 'flymake-allowed-file-name-masks '("\\.py\\'" flymake-pyflakes-init))) (add-hook 'find-file-hook 'flymake-find-file-hook)


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Customize your next event with style when you choose Bright Lights on Broadway Tickets!
Use these Bright Lights on Broadway Tickets to personalize your event with style and flair. Each Broadway Ticket features the words ADMIT ONE and they may be printed vertically or horizontally. Each ticket measures 2 inches wide x 4 3/4 inches high and is printed on heavy paper.
Personalized ticket features:
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
Reviewed by 1 customer
Best Uses
So cute

subset: commoncrawl


text:
William Lobdell has been an award-winning investigative journalist for 25 years, winning many state and national awards. In 2008 he left the Los Angeles Times after a long tenure. Lobdell served on the visiting faculty at the University of California, Irvine. He is communications director for the city of Costa Mesa, California.
About This Biography
This biography was last updated on 10/21/2013. We try to keep BookBrowse's biographies both up to date and accurate, but with over 2500 lives to keep track of it's inevitable that some won't be as current or as complete as we would like. So, please help us - if the information about a particular author is out of date, inaccurate or simply very short, and you know of a more complete source, please let us know. Authors and those connected with authors: If you wish to make changes to your bio, send your complete biography as you would like it displayed so that we can replace the old with the new.
Blood at the Root
"A gripping, timely, and important examination of American racism."
- PW Starred Review
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"Pain eats you up day in and day out and becomes overwhelming, and when you don't know how to stand outside of it a little bit, it just controls you," says Adam Bradshaw. What are the options for treatment?
Tag: veterans
Showing 1-21 of 29 results
The war at home: PTSD meeting assures vets they're not alone
"For veterans, the community they live in is literally a key to their very survival: It takes a village to help those who've borne the battle."
Letter writer: Help available for veterans with hearing loss
"Sixty percent of returning veterans have hearing damage of some kind."
Ornaments represent veterans' holiday wishes on FRS' first Hero Tree
FRS is encouraging restaurateurs and other community members to visit the store, select and new friend from the veterans tree and return one or more wrapped gifts by Wednesday, Dec. 23.
Coming home: Local veterans find healing in surprising places
Most folks don't give it a thought when they head to the store for a gallon of milk, go outside to take a walk or pick up the phone to call a friend. But for someone diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, even these seemingly innocuous behaviors may seem daunting. "After a traumatic event, many people […]
Letter writer: City of Asheville should fund and build apartments for homeless veterans
"if the city of Asheville really wants to fulfill the mayor's promise to Michelle Obama to end veteran's homelessness, it is going to have to figure out a way to fund and build a veterans apartment building or create some affordable housing for veterans another way."
Hendersonville woman paints mobile memorials for WNC veterans
The tailgate on Tom Riddle's 19-year-old truck catches the attention of passers-by as he cruises the streets of Western North Carolina. The tailgate, custom-painted by Andrea Martin in February, features a replication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., altered to show the names of those veterans from the WNC region, as well as throughout the state, who died in the war.
Letter writer: City of Asheville works with partners to house veterans
"Through a partnership with Homeward Bound, the city of Asheville provides support to implement the federal Supportive Services for Veteran Families grant. Homeward Bound was awarded $2.7 million in federal funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs to implement its Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) over the next three years."
Letter writer: What is the city doing to end veterans' homelessness?
"Some time ago, an announcement was made public that Asheville's mayor had accepted [first lady] Michelle Obama's challenge to end veterans' homelessness. Since then, I have not seen or heard anything about the actual plans to do this."
Supporters gather at McCormick Field for Veterans Day walk
About 50 supporters gathered at McCormick field this morning to honor veterans and contribute to Operation Homefront of the Carolinas, a nonprofit which provides financial relief, recovery assistance and recognition to veterans and their families in the Carolinas. The color guard of Freedom High School in Morganton presented the colors, followed by a speech from […]
Smart bets: Balsam Range
Balsam Range "thoughtfully and respectfully adopted the name of a majestic range of mountains" near the band's hometown in Haywood County, but the bluegrass ensemble's reverence for Western North Carolina doesn't end there. The five-piece will hold a benefit concert for the Asheville Buncombe Community Christian Ministry's Veterans Restoration Services, an organization providing housing, food […]
A haunted legacy: The multi-generational effects of Agent Orange
Ted Minnick has been a military man all his life. You can see it in his disciplined posture, his purposeful gait, his even gaze. What you cannot see, however, are the wounds he suffered as a result of his service — not from gunfire or shrapnel, but from exposure to a deadly, now-infamous herbicide known as […]
Slide show: Veterans for Peace National Convention in Asheville
Veterans from around the world are in Asheville this week for the Veterans for Peace National Convention. The organization aims to build a culture of peace by helping the injured heal and helping educate the public about the true costs of war. The national convention started July 22 and runs through tomorrow, July 27, encompassing […]
Veterans Helping Veterans of WNC raise funds, awareness
Veterans Helping Veterans of Western North Carolina is a new organization created to help local veterans successfully reintegrate into civilian life. Matt Shepley said he founded the group because he recognized the need to prevent veterans' homelessness and address issues with post-traumatic stress disorder, rather than waiting for veterans who require care to become homeless.
Report shines light on Asheville's hunger, homelessness problems
Last week, the U.S. Conference of Mayors released an in-depth report examining the hunger and homelessness situations in 25 cities across the country, including Asheville. The report found that the city has serious issues with low wages, unaffordable housing, poverty, and the number of domestic violence survivors who end up homeless. Increases in homelessness are modest, but more families are homeless. The report also highlighted some local organizations doing "exemplary" work on the issues but predicted that coming social service cuts could make the situations on both fronts more dire.
Compassionate citizens aid disabled vet
Day after day, Earl Grey sits in his wheelchair on Biltmore Avenue, his Veterans Affairs ID card taped to the top of a red Folgers coffee container. He's been homeless for four years. But in July, some concerned locals decided to help Grey track down the missing paperwork so he could start receiving disability checks again and get off the streets. (Photo by Max Cooper)
Collateral damage: Local veterans wrestle with the aftermath of war
Despite having no military base nearby, nearly 20,000 veterans call Buncombe County home — giving it the sixth-largest veteran population in the state. As local visits for PTSD, depression, substance abuse, homelessness and unemployment continues to climb at Charles George VA, three local veterans share their struggles and stories about mental health. (Cover design by Sarah Riddle)
Standing up for women: Local vets aim to raise funds for new shelter, programs
"Women veterans the fastest-growing population of homeless in America," says retired Staff Sergeant Alyce Knaflich. Yet there are not enough beds available for them in local shelters.
Support the Veteran's ID Card Act
I would like to bring a topic to the public attention. There is currently a bill on the table in Congress called HR 2985, otherwise known as the The Veteran's ID Card Act. Currently the only people authorized to have a veteran's ID card are those who retired after 20 years of military service, and […]
Sex discrimination complaint filed against ABCCM
Based on claims that the Asheville Buncombe Community Christian Ministry (ABCCM) failed to provide female veterans with the same job training classes as their male counterparts, the Southern Poverty Law Center filed a sex-discrimination complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor against ABCCM. The complaint was filed today on behalf of U.S. Army veteran Emily Bagby. (photo of Emily Bagby by Adam Taylor)
Executive director of ABCCM to speak in D.C. about local success with helping homeless veterans
Asheville Buncombe Community Christian Ministry executive director, Reverend Scott Rogers, will speak before the Senate sub-committee on Veterans Affairs today at 10 a.m. alongside the national coalition of homeless veterans, to share their principles and practices that are producing local outcomes above the national average.


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Submitted to the Optic
VADITO, N.M. — Masters of Duct Tape, rejoice: the Ninth Annual Sipapu Ski and Summer Resort Cardboard Derby returns to Sipapu this coming Saturday.
Sipapu's Cardboard Derby is the resort's most popular event and New Mexico's only cardboard derby. Participants construct vessels using cardboard, duct tape, string, twine and paint only and race them down the mountain as they aim for a bull's eye in the base area. Points are awarded based on how close the derbies hit the target.
This fishing report, provided by the Department of Game and Fish, has been generated from the best information available from area officers, anglers, guides and local businesses. Conditions may vary as stream, lake and weather conditions alter fish and angler activities.
CIMARRON RIVER: More open water but fishing still very slow.
CONCHAS LAKE: Fishing for walleye is good at about 50-60 feet with minnows. White bass are also being caught; however fishing pressure is still very light.
Luke Aragon and many of his Robertson baseball teammates had plenty of time to consider how the Sandia Prep Sundevils ended their deep postseason run last May.
So when new RHS coach Tony Renon learned those same Sundevils would be his Cardinals' opponent in the season-opening Socorro tournament last week, he asked Aragon where he wanted to play.
"He said, 'I want the ball,'" Renon recalled. And Renon complied, letting a revenge-minded Aragon have the pitching start.
It didn't turn out too badly for the Redbirds.
The New Mexico Highlands University Vatos Rugby Football Club (11-4-1) began its spring 2012 season on March 3 with a poorly played win and followed with a well-played loss.
The Vatos prevailed 10-7 over the Albuquerque A/B team and the following day fell 21-15 to the University of Northern Colorado.
Northern Colorado is a recent USA National Collegiate D2 Champion and last year's D1 quarterfinalist, having lost to Stanford by five points.
• LCC vs. Trinidad State JC (DH), noon, Rodriguez Park
• NMHU vs. Colorado Christian (DH), noon, Brandt Park
• Robertson at St. Michael's tournament, TBA, Santa Fe
• West Las Vegas at Aztec tournament, TBA, Aztec
• West Las Vegas at Portales tournament, TBA, Portales
• Robertson at APS Duals, 7:30 a.m., Albuquerque
• LCC vs. Trinidad State JC (DH), noon, Rodriguez Park
Mora County high schools have ended their basketball season with a great showing. For the first time, all three teams — Wagon Mound Trojans and the Mora Rangers and Rangerettes — were at the state tournament.
The Wagon Mound Trojans came home with a state championship trophy.
Congratulations go to that great team, coach Bobby Clothier, parents and fans. They had a season record of 24-5.
Community Calendar
2:30 p.m. — VFW Ladies Auxiliary meeting, Community Room Bank of Mora
5 p.m. — VFW Regular Meeting, VFW Hall
10 a.m. — Mora County Commission meeting, CHET Fire Department, Cleveland
TBA — American Red Cross meeting-Tapetes de Lana
5 p.m. — Mora Mutual Water and Sewage Board meeting, MMW&W office
Meanwhile, back at the ranch, I now continue with a lengthy letter I had written to a dear friend, a doctor who had just undergone surgery in Florida. He and I had a memorable horseback ride into our West Canyon. This letter was written 12 years after our ride, and thus began a writing career of painting pictures through words instead of paint.
I quote my letter: "Yes! Today, 1977 and it is still exactly like it was. I returned again, now on the aging Bella, and rode for both of us ... come with me!
By Margaret McKinney
Highlands University
New Mexico Highlands University computer science graduate Amy Chavez Blea's successful career as a software engineer for IBM got a kick start in 1999 when a university Career Services adviser encouraged her to apply for an internship with the corporation.
Blea, a Las Vegas native who graduated from Highlands in 2000, was on campus this week to give talks to several computer science classes.
By Murrae Haynes
So you want to learn how to ride a motorcycle. How are you going to do that?
You may have tried a dirt bike once when you were a teenager and don't remember a lot other than falling down. Ask a friend? Maybe your uncle or brother? The guy down the street who rides a sportbike?
A great way to learn is to take a motorcycle safety course.
Copyright © 2016
The Las Vegas Optic is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in San Miguel County and Las Vegas, NM, and the surrounding area.


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Video: The Concert Corner - Previewing Carrie Underwood, Big Boi and more
If this week is any indication of the summer concert season in Milwaukee, then prepare yourself for a very exciting couple of months. The live music options this week are just staggering - from the first big arena tour of the year with Carrie Underwood, to the Miltown Beatdown finals, to the four-day Foster Fest event, to an intimate show with Sara Bareilles and a Friday concert with one-half of Outkast, Big Boi.
I boil down all the highlights for this week's Concert Corner chat with CineStars' Brittany Umar. »Read Full Blog Post
Ex-Milwaukeean finds rich culture for TV documentary in Big Easy
I never found the soul of New Orleans. I ate great food and saw the great Kermit Ruffins at the Blue Nile.
But I didn't ever not feel like a tourist. WWE fans clogged the streets, and our hotel concierge told us it was the busiest the city has been since the Super Bowl. When we walked in with a couple of six packs, he said, you can't bring beer in here. And then he laughed: Of course you can — it's New Orleans. »Read Full Article


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As early as 1939, the ability of human gastric juice to inhibit gastric secretion when administered intravenously to dogs was described. Subsequent investigations showed a similar effect of human saliva on animals. The nature of the gastric secretion-inhibiting substances identified in human gastric juices and in human saliva remains unknown. Exploring this subject, Menguy and Berlinski1 collected from healthy fasting subjects saliva and secretions from the ducts of parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. The samples of saliva were dialyzed and lyophilized. The material was dissolved in a phosphate buffer and administered intravenously to experimental, anesthetized animals. The amount of gastric inhibitory substance in a measured sample of saliva or glandular secretion was estimated by the percentage of inhibition of gastric secretion as compared to that of the controls.
The concentration of gastric inhibitory substance in whole human saliva appeared to depend predominantly on the secretions from the sublingual glands. Since
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When you follow the stamped directions you take the base color and sweep it all over the lid all the way up to under your eyebrow. With the lid color, I personally, cover about two thirds of my eye lid and go right up below the crease. I like to leave the base color showing in the corner of my eye to lighten it. I blend that out so that it isn't a sharp line. Then take the crease color, put that into my crease and up to right below my brown bone. I take a little bit of highlight color and lid color, lightly mix them and blend that over the crease color to make each color flow into the next. Then I take my line color and, using a flat eyeliner brush,push that color into my eyelashes and right above it on the lash line. I follow this same method with all three quads! Below are the pictures I took pictures of each step of me applying Beautiful Browns.
I ALWAYS start out with my e.l.f Mineral Eye Primer. I am obsessed with it. This was a brand new tube so a little more came out than I was used to so it is a little more than I usually put on. The only difference was that it took a little bit longer to dry down.
Pat your eye primer onto your eye lid and let it dry. This will give your eye shadow something to hold on to.
The first step of your Beautiful Browns quad is to take your base color and apply it to your eyelid all the way up to under your eye brow. I also tap it in the corner of my eye.
Then you take your lid color and go right up below your brow bone and two thirds of the way over on your eyelid. About right past your pupil if you want something visual to go by.
Now take your crease color and put it in your crease, a little bit on top of the lid color and right below your brow bone. I also stop it right where I stop the lid color.
Now take a blending brush and blend all of the colors together so that you don't have any stark lines. Then take a flat eyeliner brush and add the line color right about your lash line and in between your lashes.
I carry the line color all the way around the lower lash line and then smudge it with a blending brush.
Add mascara and bun dun dun dah, you're finished!


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Top Definition
A color so bright its not a color it becomes a way of life
This is so pastel its not even a color
por Megan Spooner 14 de Julho de 2003
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
when something is so amazing you have to use a more colorful word to describe it.
did you see that dance move? it was so pastel.
por jonny t-shirt 26 de Abril de 2009
Insult meaning Washed up and Weak. note* this is the most insulting word ever so be please careful
Ex. (insert name*) Is a Pastel
chum you pastel how dare you
chum you pastel how dare you
via giphy
por XXXOXIAO 29 de Julho de 2016
a term referring to high school, soon-to-be college frat boys who possess the confidence to wear pastel, button-down shirts in an effort to show off their year-round tans achieved through their jet-setting parents who travel frequently throughout the year to exotic destinations most people only dream about.
I witnessed Brittany hanging with a group of pastels at the high school pep rally.
por pubjunkie 27 de Fevereiro de 2016
Slang for Asleep or passed out
Dude look at your dog that run made him so tired hes Pastel as fuck
por Mcgruff the dog 18 de Janeiro de 2010
lacrosse stick
"go some spoons(lax sticks) in my closet....gotta get rid of some of those pastels"
por Brantford 21 de Maio de 2009
1. Art supplies look like chalks, except you don't use it on blackboards.
2. Best video game babe ever. She is from the game TwinBee.
2. Best video game babe ever. She is from the game TwinBee.
1. We take this pastel, and color your drawing with it.
2. Pastel is the hottest video game babe ever.
2. Pastel is the hottest video game babe ever.
por ChoujinkiMetalder 17 de Junho de 2005


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AVACOR Coupons & Promo Codes
Most popular now: Shop Now for Hair Regrowth with AVACOR Today!.
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How to Use AVACOR Coupons
Avacor is a total hair care company that provides high quality products and information made to help re-grow hair and prevent future hair loss. They offer a 90 day money back guarantee on all of their products. When promotional offers and coupons are available from Avacor, you will find them on their official homepage. Additional offers and coupon codes from Avacor can be found on their social media pages and are coming soon to Coupons.com.


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Much-needed rain targets drought-stricken New England this weekend
October 1, 2016; 11:01 AM ET
Rounds of beneficial rain will fall over drought-stricken portions of New England into Monday. More >
Rounds of beneficial rain will fall over drought-stricken portions of New England into Monday. More >
There's no doubt we'd go out of our way to visit a restaurant in an an amazing and unexpected location -- like the ocean floor, perhaps, or inside an ice castle...
Everybody does it, but is it okay to eat snow?
Stay warm this winter and avoid seasonal blues with these warming foods.
Public health officials say the United States is experiencing a resurgence of measles because some parents are opting out of the recommended vaccines for their kids.
Easy ways to improve your mood during the winter months.
You already wash your hands often and load up on vitamin-rich foods…but there are a few more things you can do to avoid catching a cold, according to recent research.
There's nothing better than a hot bowl of soup to warm up on a cold day.
Keeping the doors and windows tightly closed is a necessity as the winter months settle in.


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Top Story
Top Story
And we have liftoff
slug: 17LAUNCHA turkey vulture launches from atop a power pole after warming in the morning sun on Pyletown Road in Boyce Wednesday. JEFF TAYLOR 7/16/14.
To See This and Every Local Story from The Winchester Star, Click Here to Become a Subscriber!
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A few weeks ago, in a preliminary report,1 attention was called to some experimental results in the use of potassium and sodium iodids as opaque mediums in roentgenography. Since this report was made, these solutions have been put to practical use in a sufficient number of cases to warrant a report of their clinical application.
For pyelography, a 25 per cent, aqueous solution of sodium or potassium iodid is used. Thus, 100 gm. of solution is made by dissolving 25 gm. of the salt in 75 c.c. of water. For cystograms, a 15 per cent. solution gives sufficient density. As was noted in the previous article, these solutions are stable, neutral in reaction, and cause no precipitation in urine or bloody urine. On standing, they become slightly yellow, but this causes no trouble. There are no special precautions to be observed in preparing the solutions, and
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Meet fellow Goths near you! Come to a to Goth Meetup to have fun, find new haunts, celebrate poetic heroes and star-crossed heroines or just get together and enjoy the dark. All goths and goth-interested welcome!
New members must be approved by the Organizer
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Manufacturing Area
Category: Equipment for Production of Electronic Components & assembli
... 4V/12v Flexible Led strip tape Lighting SMD LED 3528/SMD5050 Feature High brightness SMD3528, 5050 led source, made by high-quality heat resisting PCB board ;The color for the strips : red, gree ...
Category: Plastic Materials (Plates, Sheets, Strip & Rods)
tape FOR DATES (PET thermal transfer opening ribbons) tape for dates (opening tape,thermal transfer color ribbon) were also called as thermal transfer color tape/ribbons,hot coding foil, hot ink r ...Keyword : TAPE FOR DATES (PET thermal transfer opening ribb
Category: Aluminium Manufactured Metal Products
Fecral (0Cr21Al6Nb) Alloy Heating Resistance strip/tape Properties/Grade 0Cr21Al6Nb Main Chemical composition(%) Cr 21.0-23.0 Al 5.0-7.0 Fe Balance Re opportune Nb:0.5 Max. continu ...Keyword : Fecral Alloy Heating Strip | Fecral Resistance Tape | Electrical Heating Strip | Fe-Cr-Al Resistance Tape | Fecral Heating Resistance Strip
1 Description PTFE Thread Seal tape is made of 100% PTFE and has the structure of net expandable mini filament. It has good roughness and longitudinal strength and is liable to laterally deform. It is ...Keyword : PTFE Tape | teflon thread seal tape | pure high strengh PTFE Thread Sealing Tape | Chinese made PTFE Thread Sealing Tape | PTFE Thread Sealing Tape Manufacturer in China
Category: Cellophane and Cellophane Adhesive Tape
Features of SMT Double Splice tape: 1:The product use of antistatic materials; Don't need auxiliary tool; Improving the process efficiency; 2:making full use of the surplus materials; Single poin ...Keyword : splcie tape | tape | smt double splice tape | adsive tape | smt splice tape
PTFE tape commonly known as Teflon tape, PTFE tape or PTFE seal tape - is manufactured from pure PTFE granular resin. This Teflon tape is an ideal sealing material for pipe fitting, which is widely ap ...Keyword : ptfe tape | teflon tape | ptfe thread tape
Category: Tape measures
1:The product use of antistatic materials; Don't need auxiliary tool; Improving the process efficiency; 2:making full use of the surplus materials; Single point design, reduce cost; 3:may realize the ...Keyword : SMT Single Splice Tape | 16mm SMT Single Splice Tape | 8mm SMT Single Splice Tape
... ions: Velcro tapes, strip tapes, ribbon tape, bag band small webbing, woven label, printed label, ribbon tape, bag band, belt loop, bag band, shrink tube, string, elastic band, plastic zipper etc. SP ... Keyword : Automatic Tape Cutter (Hot and Cold Knife) | Automatic Tape Cutter | Automatic Tape Cutter (Hot and Cold Knife) FX120LR | Automatic Tape Cutter (Hot and Cold Knife)
PE Bag-sealing tape (PE-B05) Material: HDPE release liner (Polyethylene), water-based acrylic adhesive, solvent-based acrylic adhesive, PET (Polyester) mylar. Application: 1. Suitable for a variety ...Keyword : Self-adhesive tape | Self-sealing tape | Bag Sealing Tape | Double sided tape | Filmic sealing tape
Category: Material of Rubber (Plates, Sheets, Strip & Rods)
Detailed Product Description ptfe adhesive tape 1.smooth surface, non-sticky; 2.chemical & high temperature resistance; 3.insulation, suitable PTFE Adhesive tape PTFE adhesive ta ...Keyword : ptfe adhesive tape | teflon adhesive tape
Category: Flexible LED strips
High Lumen SMD LED strip 5050 Light * double line led strip 5050 * CCT 2400K-12000K * led strip factory, OEM/OMD strip light Keyword : led double row strip | 5050 chip strip | best price led strip | high quality led tape light
Category: Packing/Sealing Tapes
We have double sided PET mesh tape and double sided fiberglass mesh tape. They are mainly used for foam lamination, weather strip sticking and other holding, mounting applications. Backing: PET mesh ...Keyword : Double Sided Mesh Tape | Mesh Tape | Double Sided Tape
1. Select qualified natural rubber 2. Excellent stretch recovery 3. High quality product 4. Competitive price 5. Range of colors available 6. Manufacture special size for customers Keyword : Elastic tape | Rubber strip | Rubber tape
1.Thickness:0.1-0.5mm Width:10-1500mm 2.Stretch strength : 15 Mpa 3.Break elongation rate:150% 4.Pure material guaranteeKeyword : ptfe tape | teflon tape | tape roll | plastic tape | teflon skived tape
● PE. PU or EVA backing material available. ● Strong, double stick. ● Good mitigating vibratility . ● Strong crack resistance. Keyword : Foam Tape | Tape
EVA foam sheet/sheets/plate 1.eva material 2.size: as order 3.color:as pantone color 4.durable,easy to wash,waterproof 1 product: eva sheet 2 color : different color ,as your order 3 ...
Category: Plates, Sheets and Strip of Aluminium
Keyword : Aluminium Strip | Aluminium tape
hico and loco including 300oe, 360oe, 2750oe, 4000oe, etc High qualtiy magnetic stripe LoCo and HiCo Coercivity (Oe) 360, 650, 2750, 4000 Oe, etc. Color options: Black/ Brown/ Golden/ Silver /R ...
make pipe more high strength, high-temperature resistance, eliminate the resonance effect, barrier oxygen, and make pipe more longevityKeyword : Aluminum tape | Coated aluminum tape
1. Size can be customized freely 2. Excellent quality, reasonable price 3. fast delivery time 4.certificate is authorized


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Energy & Matter
Dallas Morning News: Mounting evidence suggests Dallas quakes are induced by human activity
Science journalist Anna Kuchment with The Dallas Morning News covered the comments of SMU seismologists Heather DeShon and Beatrice Magnani speaking during the annual American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco, Calif.
DeShon and Magnani presented their latest research on North Texas ground shaking. Continue reading
Top Quark: Precise particle measurement improves subatomic tool probing mysteries of universe
Physicists at Southern Methodist University have a new precise measurement of a key subatomic particle, opening the door to better understanding of our universe.
The researchers calculated the new measurement for a critical characteristic — mass — of the Top Quark. The new value adds growing uncertainty to physics' Standard Model. Continue reading
Fermilab experiment observes change in neutrinos from one type to another over 500 miles
Initial data from a new U.S.–based physics experiment indicates scientists are a step closer to understanding neutrinos, the second most abundant particle in the universe, says SMU physics professor Thomas Coan, a principal investigator on the project.
Neutrinos are little understood, but indications are they hold clues to why matter overwhelmingly survived after the Big Bang instead of just energy in the form of light. Continue reading
SMU conference promotes technology, economics of geothermal production in oil and gas fields
Southern Methodist University's renowned SMU Geothermal Laboratory will host its seventh international energy conference and workshop on the SMU campus May 19-20. The conference is designed to promote transition of oil and gas fields to electricity-producing geothermal systems by harnessing waste heat and fluids from both active and abandoned fields. Continue reading
SMU seismology team to cooperate with state, federal scientists in study of May 7 Venus, Texas earthquake
SMU's seismology team was not surprised by the magnitude 4.0 earthquake that occurred near Venus, Texas, recently, having been aware of multiple smaller earthquakes identified nearby in recent months.
The team has recommended to state lawmakers a permanent regional network of monitors, supplemented by portable instruments, to deploy in a time-sensitive manner. Continue reading
James Brooks awarded high honor from American Association of Petroleum Geologists
James E. Brooks, provost emeritus and professor emeritus in the Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, has been recognized with one of the highest honors of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, AAPG.
Brooks has received the 2015 AAPG Presidential Award for Exemplary Service "for a lifetime of inspired and dedicated service to his profession and community, and for the education of hundreds of students for whom he has served as an outstanding teacher, wise mentor and genuine friend." Continue reading
1st proton collisions at the world's largest science experiment expected to start the first or second week of June
The schedule announcement came during an international physics conference on the SMU campus from senior research scientist Albert De Roeck, a staff member at CERN and a leading scientist on one of the Large Hadron Collider's key experiments in Geneva.
"It will be about another six weeks to commission the machine, and many things can still happen on the way," said De Roeck. The LHC in early April was restarted for its second three-year run after a two-year pause to upgrade the machine to operate at higher energies. At higher energy, physicists worldwide expect to see new discoveries about the laws that govern our natural universe. Continue reading
WFAA 8 ABC: Geologists release details of Azle earthquakes study
WFAA 8 ABC news reporter Byron Harris reported on the SMU-led team of seismologists whose recent study found that large volumes of wastewater injection combined with saltwater (brine) extraction from natural gas wells is the most likely cause of earthquakes near Azle, Texas, from late 2013 through spring 2014.
The study published in Nature Communications.
WFAA aired the segment April, 21, 2015. Continue reading
Dallas Morning News: Azle earthquakes likely caused by oil and gas operations, study says
Science journalist Anna Kuchment with The Dallas Morning News covered the research of an SMU-led team of seismologists whose recent study found that large volumes of wastewater injection combined with saltwater (brine) extraction from natural gas wells is the most likely cause of earthquakes near Azle, Texas, from late 2013 through spring 2014. Continue reading


text: MainStoriesEKS DAY in El Salvador EKS DAY in El Salvador Group of Athlete Leaders Johamy Alabi | Oct 03, 2013 | Latin America: El Salvador Special Olympics El Salvador has commemorated the legacy of our founder with a series of activities Play Unified to Live Unified Unified was the motto of the meetings and bowling athletic sports were conducted with athletes and volunteers where we found that in the field we are all equal! Demonstration sessions were also conducted with Motor Activities Young Athletes programs in the West and East. In the Central Zone Motor Activities Program and Unified Young Athlete was attended by over 300 young athletes and unified partners, where they demonstrated their skills. The athletes participated in a leadership workshop for the legacy of our founder. All activities included a photo exhibition of memory our founder. About Me:Executive DirectorRelated:http://https://www.facebook.com/notes/olimpiadas-especiales-el-salvador/eksday/4701441714156 Read More Stories He no longer fears dentistsGenevieve JiangVisiting a dental clinic made Bhavya Jain very anxious. Special Olympics helped.From shy and isolated, to confident leaderGenevieve JiangBefore Punsara Dissanayake joined Special Olympics Serendib, she was reluctant to attend school as she feared being bullied.Medical help gave her winning edgeGenevieve JiangJohn Lucas: From Introvert to Spokesman in BrazilCaroline ChevatA Special Olympics athlete took part in the signing of an agreement between Special Olympics and the International Volleyball Federation.Special Olympics Saved my Life!Marquis Antwan GarnerJuan Atilio: Overcoming prejudiceLeilani GonzalezMaking a Difference in India and NepalDavid HircockThank You, Special Olympics LouisianaJude and Paula BernardAgreement in Italy Will Boost Inclusion and RespectMaureen RabbittBelgium Athlete Addresses Experts at European ForumMartha Jo BraycichMy Coaches Were There For MeCarla SimonDo You Have A Story to Share?Share Your Story More Stories


text:
Jan. 25, 2014
Final Results
LARAMIE, Wyo. – The Colorado State swimming & diving team put up a solid effort against its Border War rival on Saturday, but fell short at Wyoming, 188-105.
"It was a very tough loss," Head Coach Christopher Woodard said. "There were some bright spots, but overall it's an experience we'll have to learn from."
Sophomore Paige Greely had the team's best performance of the day, scoring 304.58 in 3-Meter diving. Her score tied teammate Ariana Milone's top score of the season, and was the fourth-best score in CSU history.
"Paige had a fantastic score today," Woodard said. "It was really a breakout performance for her, but I think across the board all the divers did great in both the 3- and 1-Meter events."
Junior transfer Melissa Bollig was another tough competitor on the boards, earning second in the 1-Meter event with a personal-best score of 276.45, the second-highest performance of the season for the Rams.
In the pool the Rams came out fighting in the first event of the day, gaining a first-place finish in the 200 Medley Relay. The relay team of Jessica Shepard, Cristina Bassani, Tess Simpson and Katie Polich were just short of toppling the fastest time of the season, at 1:45.49.
Just off a Mountain West Swimmer of the Week honor, Shepard continued her speed into the 200 Butterfly. The sophomore earned second with a time of 2:12.24. The 200 Backstroke added to her success with a third-place finish at 2:10.26. Senior Yana Garvey also had a solid swim in the 200 Backstroke, earning second with a time of 2:05.23.
Despite the loss, CSU (5-4) still has the opportunity to earn a winning dual-meet record on the year, and the program's best mark since 2009-10.
CSU will have a busy upcoming week, as the diving team will compete at the Air Force Diving Invitational (Friday-Saturday), while the swimmers will compete in two dual meets (Friday at Northern Colorado and Saturday at home vs. Air Force).
Admission to Saturday's meet is free, and will be an Orange Out, with free T-shirts given away to the first 100 students.
"I think we've got to put this meet in our rear-view mirror as fast as we can and focus on our preps for the next two weeks and conference," Woodard said.
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text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
wiktionary is full of broken redirects now - what a great improvement!
1. the redirect works perfectly fine, nothing broken about it 2. why not make an account instead of coming in as an anonymous IP-address? If you want to help set policy, you will first have to become part of the community.
?2nd def[edit]
The only def given is a math usage. In the lexeme def, however, i see it used to refer to a root word(?). Wouldn't this be a second, linguistic or lexical usage? Ragityman 11:04, 6 August 2010 (UTC)


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 26, 2006
|Filing date
|Oct 21, 2002
|Priority date
|Oct 21, 2002
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Somsubhra Sikdar
|Original Assignee
|Force10 Networks, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (60), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to routers and switches, and more specifically to architectures and methods for operating the switching core of a router or switch.
Packet-based networks transport data in finite-length blocks, often called "packets", "frames", or "datagrams" in different contexts. A typical packet comprises a header and a payload. The header contains information about the packet's source and destination, and may contain other information that may be useful to devices along the packet's route such as time-stamps, priority information, flow control information, error-detection/correction checksums, etc. The payload contains the data to be delivered, and may include higher-level headers.
The job of a packet-based network is to deliver each packet from its source to its destination, efficiently, in a timely manner, and with as few lost packets as possible. Many of these packets will be handled during transit by routers and/or switches. Unless a data packet passes directly between its source device and destination device, such as might occur on a point-to-point connection, a modem-based circuit-switched connection, or a multiple-access collision-detection local area network (LAN), that packet will pass through at least one switch or router, and in some cases the packet will pass through many such devices.
Switches generally operate at layer two (the link layer) of a networking model. Routers generally operate at layer three (the network layer) of a networking model. For example, an Ethernet switch might read a layer two MAC (Media Access Control) header address on each incoming packet at one port, look up the MAC address in its forwarding table, and forward the packet out an appropriate port or ports towards that MAC address. An IP (Internet Protocol) router performs a similar function with IP destination addresses—the main functional difference being that the packets routed by the router are, in an Ethernet context, addressed to the router itself at layer 2. The router strips the layer 2 header, looks up the next-hop router for the layer 3 header, and prepends a new layer 2 header addressed to that next-hop router.
Behind the scenes, there can be other differences in routers and switches, e.g., how each populates its forwarding tables. For purposes of the present disclosure, however, these differences are not important. Thus the remainder of this disclosure will use the term "router" to refer to all multi-port packet devices capable of selectively forwarding packets to their output ports, regardless of the header layer used for the forwarding decision or how forwarding decisions get made.
All routers have external ports for receiving and transmitting packet data streams. Within the router, some packets may be dropped for various reasons, and some packets may be destined for the router itself and are therefore kept. The remainder of the packets are forwarded to one (or more) of the router's output ports according to a forwarding table lookup. For ten consecutive packets received at one port, each of those packets could conceivably be forwarded out a different output port; a different ten consecutive packets may all be forwarded out the same output port. Thus the core of the router, where packets actually get shuffled between ports, must be adaptive to changing traffic demands and adept at switching packets in order to avoid creating bottlenecks or unduly delaying some traffic.
Small routers may make all packet-forwarding decisions at a central location, e.g., a "forwarding engine" that touches each packet received by the router. As traffic load increases, the sheer number of packets that must be processed will overwhelm a single forwarding engine. Thus large routers often distribute forwarding tables to and make forwarding decisions at multiple forwarding engines, each assigned to certain ingress ports, egress ports, or both.
Port interface 34 places the packet in the format expected by switch fabric 22. Typically, switch fabric 22 operates on small, fixed-length "cells", not variable-length packets. Thus port interface 34 divides the packet received from forwarding engine 34 into an appropriate number of cells for that packet's length, tags each cell with an identifier for output port O2, and submits the cells to switch fabric input port 10. In the example, port interface 34 divides tagged packet TABC into three sequential cells TA, TB, and TC.
Cell switch fabric 22 accepts cells from switch fabric input ports I0, I1, and I2, and switches those cells to output ports O0, O1, and O2, according to each cell's output port identifier. During switching of a packet, it is likely that cells from other input ports will contend for the same output port as cells TA, TB, and TC. For instance, port interface 54 has prepared three cells TP, TQ, and TR for transmission to output port O2. When those cells are presented to switch fabric 22 at approximately the same time as cells TA, TB, and TC, the cells from the two input ports may arrive at fabric output port O2 interleaved, as shown in
Finally, egress switch 58 receives packets TABC and TPQR, looks at the respective tags T to determine the appropriate router output port for each, and prepares packets ABC and PQR for transmission out their respective ports 59.
A router such as the one just described has several core architectural characteristics that establish a practical ceiling for the operating speed that such an architecture can attain. First, because the forwarding engines do not coordinate with each other as to which egress port(s) each is sending packets to, port loads can become imbalanced, blocking can occur, and efficiency suffers. Second, if traffic rate (measured in bits/second) doubles, the number of cells/second roughly doubles, and the number of switching decisions that must be made by the cell-switching fabric every second doubles. The bottleneck can become not the data paths themselves, but the speed of the cell-switching scheduling logic. Simply increasing cell size to compensate may not help throughput, if it results in many cells that are partially empty. These problems stem from the fundamental assumption in such systems that the router core must handle and recognize packets and/or cells.
The preferred embodiments described herein are based on a rejection of the assumption that a packet router's core must switch packets or cells. What has been heretofore unrecognized is that a better approach exists for a high-end system, where traffic can be dealt with in the router core using more of a statistical approach instead of on a packet-by-packet basis. In this approach, individual packets/cells are not scheduled and switched through the router core per se. Instead, packets bound for a common router core egress port are queued together prior to a router core ingress port, and the queue is scheduled for switching by a central scheduler at a future epoch, or switching time slice. The queue is one of many queues maintained at that core ingress port (at each core ingress port, at least one queue is preferably maintained for each core egress port). By rearranging packet streams in this manner prior to router core switching-a rearrangement process that can be relatively easily handled at the ingress ports—the core ingress ports can remove a great deal of the switching and scheduling load from the router core.
The core ingress ports inform the central scheduler as to which of their queues have data waiting for transfer through the router core. The central scheduler tells each core ingress port which queue it should transmit during each epoch. Because the scheduler controls which traffic leaves each core ingress port, and in which order it leaves, blocking issues in the router core can be greatly reduced. The scheduler can also enforce concepts such as priority, fairness, and maximum latency in assigning an order to queues competing for the same egress port.
Other benefits flow directly from such a design. Where a prior art cell-switching fabric individually schedules and switches data in 48-bit cells, a switch fabric in a preferred embodiment of the invention schedules and switches data in 200,000-bit segments. The concomitant 4000� reduction in the number of core switching decisions for a given amount of packet data allows ample time for the sophisticated scheduling described above, even at terabit/second throughput rates.
The router core preferred for this queue-based switching system takes advantage of the central scheduling and large switching-segment size by remaining simple, oblivious to the notion of packets, and therefore fast. Multiple parallel switch fabrics form a switch fabric array. These switch fabrics do not make or implement independent switching decisions. Instead, they are ganged to the central scheduler that reconfigures them as a group on an epoch-by-epoch basis. Thus at any particular epoch each fabric in the array is switching data from the same fabric input ports to the same fabric output ports as each other fabric in the array.
The, e.g., 200,000-bit transfer package sent from a port in one epoch is partitioned among N switch fabrics. Although there are many possible ways of doing this, in a preferred embodiment the transfer package is read out of its queue in N�m-bit words. Each word is split into N m-bit subunits, and one of the m-bit subunits is transmitted to each of the N switch fabrics. At the output port, the N m-bit subunits are recombined to form the original N�m-bit word.
The invention may be best understood by reading the disclosure with reference to the drawing, wherein:
As an introduction to the embodiments,
The packet-input/output cards, also known as "line cards", provide physical data interfaces for communicating data from or to the world outside of the router. Card LC1 shows six input ports 60 and six output ports 62, e.g., optical Gigabit Ethernet ports. Card LC2 shows one input port 64 and one output port 66, e.g., optical 10-Gigabit Ethernet ports or OC-192 POS (Packet-Over-Sonet) ports. Of course, the invention is not limited to any particular number, type, or distribution of ports, but
Not shown in LC1 and LC2 is the particular circuitry for interfacing with ports 60, 62, 64, and 66, processing packet headers, performing routing table lookups, etc. The implementation of this circuitry is peripheral to the claimed invention, within the skill of those in the art, and will be described briefly in one implementation along with
In a preferred embodiment, the ingress traffic managers queue incoming packets in multiple queues, each queue corresponding to a backplane egress port. In variations on this basic design, a) multiple queues can correspond to the same backplane egress port, the multiple queues differentiated to handle packets of different classes, priorities, etc., and b) some queues can be designated as multicast queues, corresponding to a defined group of backplane egress ports. A remote scheduler (to be described shortly) identifies at each epoch which of the input traffic manager's queues should be used to supply data to backplane ingress port Bi1.
Backplane ingress port Bi1 maintains a port pipe connection PPi1 to switch fabric cards SF1–SF4 as a group. Each port pipe comprises, in this example, four strands, one for each switch fabric card. Taking PPi1 as an example, a first strand S1 i 1 connects to switch fabric card SF1, a second strand S2 i 1 connects to switch fabric card SF2, a third strand S3 i 1 connects to switch fabric card SF3, and a fourth strand S4 i 1 connects to switch fabric card SF4. Data supplied to backplane ingress port Bi1 is split among these four strands and transmitted in parallel to the switch fabric cards over port pipe PPi1.
Each switch fabric card processes the strand it receives. As this example has four port pipes (two ingress and two egress), each switch fabric card has four single-strand card ports, one per port pipe. For instance, SF1 receives strand S1 i 1 of port pipe PPi1 at switch-fabric-card-ingress port Pi1, and SF1 transmits strand S1 e 2 from switch-fabric-card-egress port Pe2.
Switch-fabric-card-ingress port Pi1 supplies data from strand S1 i 1 to a switch-fabric-input port on switch fabric 80—the port that corresponds to line card LC1's position in the router. Just as scheduler 72 provides queue-scheduling instructions to ingress traffic manager Mi1 for a particular epoch, it must also configure switch fabric 80 to switch data now being received from that queue to the appropriate line card and backplane egress port. In this simple two backplane-port example, this means that at each epoch, switch fabric 80 will be configured to switch data from port Pi1 to one or both of switch-fabric-card output ports Pe1 and Pe2 (unless Mi1 is idled for that epoch). The other switch fabric cards will be configured identically to process the other strands of PPi1.
Consider an epoch when ingress traffic manager Mi1 on line card LC1 has been instructed to transmit packets that it has queued for backplane egress port Be2, and the switch fabric cards have been instructed to switch data received at port Pi1 to port Pe2. Data from that queue is stranded, transmitted over port pipe PPi1 to the switch-fabric cards, switched through the fabrics, and transmitted over port pipe PPe2 to backplane egress port Be2 on line card LC2. The strands received at port Be2 are merged and egress traffic manager Me2 has received the contents of the queue from ingress traffic manager Mi1. Of course, during this same epoch ingress traffic manager Mi2 can be transmitting the contents of one of its queues to egress traffic manager Me1 over port pipes PPi2 and PPe1.
Scheduler 72 is shown as residing on route processing module (RPM) card 70. RPM card 70 provides overall administrative control to the router. RPM 70 is responsible for overall system operation, i.e., recognizing and booting new line cards, identifying faulty line cards, discovering packet routes, and sharing routing table information with the line cards. RPM 70 also provides a user interface (not shown) to allow a system operator to configure the system and view system parameters. Although these functions are all necessary, they are peripheral to the router core switching concepts claimed herein and will not be described further. For each of these functions, RPM 70 generally communicates with the line cards over a control bus (not shown). As compared to the switching fabric ports, the control bus can be a relatively low-speed channel.
With regard to the present disclosure, the primary duty of RPM card 70 is scheduling the usage of the switch fabric cards SF1, SF2, SF3, and SF4. In a preferred implementation, scheduler 72 on RPM 70 communicates with each switch fabric card and each line card over a scheduler bus 74. As compared to the switch fabric port pipe connections, the scheduler bus can be a relatively low-speed channel. Ingress traffic managers use the scheduling bus to notify scheduler 72 as to which of their queues have data to send. Scheduler 72 gathers these requests and arbitrates them, e.g., using the arbitration scheme disclosed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/676,046, "Scheduling and Arbitration Scheme For Network Processing Device", filed Sep. 28, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference. Generally, scheduler 72 attempts to schedule fuller queues first, higher-priority traffic first, and oldest requests first. When multiple contending requests cannot be prioritized on these factors alone, those requests are scheduled fairly using a round-robin approach. Once it has arrived at a schedule for an upcoming epoch, scheduler 72 uses scheduling bus 74 to communicate the results of the arbitration to the ingress traffic managers, switch fabric 80, and the switch fabric counterparts on the other switch fabric cards.
Backplane 100 contains slots for line cards, switch fabric cards, and RPM cards. Within the backplane itself, signals are routed between the slots to form the ports and buses illustrated in
A bottom panel region of backplane 100 contains connector regions or slots for nine cards. Each of these slots is configured to accept a switch fabric card (slots SF0 to SF8). Each slot has two lower connector regions (e.g., regions JSF8U0 and JSF8U1 for slot LC8) used to distribute power and ground signals to a switch fabric card. Above these, each switch fabric card slot has three high-speed connector regions (e.g., regions JSF8A, JSF8B, and JSF8C for slot SF8).
The bottom panel region also contains connector regions for connecting power and ground to the backplane. Two 48-volt power distribution layers are embedded in backplane 100, an "A" power distribution layer and a "B" power distribution layer. At the lower left of backplane 100, two large multi-throughhole regions 48VA and 48VA RTN allow for connection of "A" power supply and return leads to one power supply, and a third large region CGND allows for connection of a common ground. Similar connections for a "B" power distribution layer to a second power supply exist at the lower right of backplane 100.
Other layers of backplane 100 provide similar differential pair routing from the line card slots to other switch fabric card slots. In this configuration, a switch fabric port pipe actually comprises nine differential pairs connected to a line card slot-one pair per switch fabric card. It is noted that the particulars of backplane layout will depend on the implementation, but copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/068,616, titled "High-Speed Router Backplane", filed Feb. 5, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference, further describes construction of the backplane embodiment illustrated in
Serdes 140 transmits a typical ingress packet to packet processing engine PPE. Engine PPE sends the packet's header information to a packet classification engine PCE, where the proper router egress port for the packet is determined with reference to routing tables stored in ternary content-addressable memory CAM. Engine PPE sends the packet, along with the egress port information from engine PCE, to ingress traffic manager Mi1.
The ingress traffic manager manages a set of queues for that line card's backplane ingress port (i.e., strands Si0–8 in
Ingress traffic manager Mi1 includes queue status circuitry to track which packet queues currently have packets awaiting transfer across the backplane. In one embodiment, the queue status circuitry comprises a table memory that is updated as packets enter and leave each queue.
At least once per epoch, each ingress traffic manager sends a scheduling request to backplane scheduler interface 170 (for forwarding to the scheduler). The scheduling request contains status information for that traffic manager's queues—in one embodiment, the status information comprises a set of on-bit flags, one per queue. If a queue has at least one packet pending, that queue's bit is set in the status information. Alternately, more detailed information, such as the number of bytes pending in a queue, a priority value, etc., can be sent to the scheduler.
When an ingress traffic manager's backplane ingress port is to be connected through the switch fabric to a particular backplane egress port during an upcoming epoch, ingress traffic manager Mi1 receives notification from the central scheduler through backplane scheduler interface 170, as part of a scheduled port mapping. Preferably, the notification comes at least one epoch prior to the epoch scheduled for that mapping.
When more than one queue has the same backplane egress port assignment as that of a port mapping, the ingress traffic manager selects one of those queues for transmission, e.g., according to an interleaved weighted fair queuing mechanism. During the epoch immediately preceding an epoch with a given port mapping, pre-fetch circuitry within the ingress traffic manager fills a fast buffer (e.g., a FIFO) with one epoch's worth of data packets from the selected queue. If not that many packets currently reside in the selected queue, the pre-fetch circuitry can select packets from a second queue with the same backplane egress port assignment in order to fill the buffer.
An epoch begins when the traffic managers receive a Start-Of-Epoch (SOE) signal from the central scheduler. Preferably, the backplane contains one point-to-point (SOE) signal line for each line card and switch fabric card. The scheduler on the RSC enables the SOE signal on all SOE signal lines simultaneously. On the backplane, the SOE signal lines are length-matched such that all have approximately equal delay. This allows all cards to start a new epoch at virtually the same instant.
When the epoch starts, data from the fast buffer is sent to parallel ports Pi0 to Pi8 on serdes units 160, 162, and 164. Each serdes converts input parallel channels to differential serial channels and transmits them out the appropriate backplane ports, as will be described in more detail shortly.
During the same epoch, it is likely that serdes units 160, 162, and 164 will also be receiving serial data on the egress port pipe strands connected to serial ports Se0 to Se8. Each serdes converts egress serial channels to parallel channels and sends these to egress traffic manager Me1. Egress traffic manager Me1 combines the serdes strands and stores received data packets in SDRAM 152, and outputs these packets to packet processing engine PPE as instructed. Engine PPE sends packets out the appropriate serdes and optics ports.
The preferred manner in which queued packets are transmitted by a line card onto a port pipe is further illustrated with reference to
During each epoch, the ingress traffic manager supplies START characters to each serdes once its epoch timer runs out. Thus at the moment of assertion of SOE for a new epoch, START characters are being supplied to each serdes. It is highly preferable that some character stream be supplied to each serdes strand all the tim—even if that strand is not currently transmitting valid data-so that each receiving serdes maintains synchronization and timing lock with its transmitting peer and is ready to receive characters at the start of any epoch.
Accordingly, in
Preferably, each serdes encodes each byte received at a parallel serdes port using an 8-bit to 10-bit (8b/10b) coder. Coding provides end-to-end detection of serial link errors and correction of single-bit errors. An added benefit of coding is an increase in average signal transitions per symbol of the transmitted bit pattern for some symbols, which aids clock recovery at the receiving serdes. The interval Tcode represents the amount of time between when a byte is clocked into the serdes parallel input and when the first coded bit corresponding to that byte is transmitted out the serial output. The length of Tcode is implementation-dependent, and may also include buffering time; the length shown in
Each ten-bit coded byte is transmitted serially out a serdes serial port during ten consecutive serdes clock cycles. In order to keep pace with the parallel input strands, the serdes transmit clock should have at least ten times the clock rate of the serdes parallel input clock (but need not be synchronized to the parallel input clock). For example, in one embodiment parallel data is clocked into the serdes on both edges of a TM clock (Double Data Rate or DDR) that can run at between 125 and 156.25 MHz, and the serdes serial output rate is 3.125 Gbps.
In one preferred embodiment, an additional strand exists that does not actively participate in transmitting data from the VOQ. In
During a second transfer interval T2, the VOQ shifts past the previously sent bytes a–h. Thus during T2 bytes i–p are transferred respectively from VOQ locations 8–15 to strands 0–7 of serdes ports 190. Another start byte is transferred to strand 8. Thus although serdes ports 190 can accept up to nine bytes from VOQ 180 during each transfer interval, one serdes port and strand is consistently held in reserve.
Now moving to
An advantage of the disclosed architecture is that it provides switch fabric redundancy and rapid failover should something happen to one strand of the router core.
From the previous examples, several router core operational modes useful with embodiments of the invention are apparent. The standby-fabric-unit mode allows full throughput to continue even if one strand of the port pipes is damaged or disabled. A non-standby-unit mode can degrade router core performance gracefully by functioning with whatever number of strands are available. This mode is also useful with partial systems—when the router is only lightly populated with line cards or router ports, a smaller number of switch fabric cards could be used as well. A power-saving mode during low-traffic periods is also possible. When traffic lessens, switch fabric cards can be shut down one-by-one, and as traffic increases, cards can be powered up again.
Although the preferred embodiments operate with byte-sized data units, nothing precludes the selection of a different transfer unit per strand. A strand could also use more than a single serial link to the switch fabric, but a single link is preferred in order to simplify routing on the backplane and reduce card connector pin count. Also, nothing precludes the use of other mappings from a VOQ byte order to the serdes ports, such as shifting data from a down strand directly to the standby strand instead of shifting all strands in between.
Serdes 200 serves an ingress strand and an egress strand for each of two port pipes (PP0 and PP1) from line card LC0, and for each of two port pipes (PP2 and PP3) from line card LC1. Similar service connects serdes units 202, 204, 210, 212, and 214 to port pipes from other line cards. Serdes units 206 and 208 each serve one line card and one RPM card (RPM0 maintains one port pipe, PP14, and RPM maintains one port pipe, PP16). Note that
With a description of the detailed components of a switch fabric card now in place,
PP0 strand Si4 is received on switch fabric card SF4 by a differential receiver 222 on serdes 200. Differential receiver 222 deserializes and sends each received 10-bit codeword over a parallel connection PP0 to switch fabric 80. Differential receiver 222 also transmits a receive clock CLK0 with the 10-bit-wide data as a DDR receive data strand.
Switch fabric 80 clocks in the 10-bit codewords using CLK0 at port PP0 i. Switch fabric 80 switches the 10-bit codewords through its crossbar at the same clock rate, with a configuration during this epoch that transports codewords from fabric ingress port PP0 i to fabric egress port PP12 e. Switch fabric 80 drives a 10-bit parallel DDR transmit data strand, along with a corresponding transmit clock CLK12, out port PP12 e to port PP12 on serdes 206.
Serdes 206 receives the switched 10-bit codewords from switch fabric 80 and supplies them to a differential driver 226. Differential driver 226 drives the ten bits of the codeword serially across backplane 100 on two differential lines RX+ and RX− that serve PP12 strand Se4.
On line card LC6, a differential receiver 178 on serdes 172 receives PP12 strand Se4. Differential receiver 178 sends each received 10-bit codeword to 8b/10b decoder 176, which recovers the original 8-bit symbols supplied to serdes 162 by ingress traffic manager Mi0. 8b/10b decoder 176 allows the receiving line card to check end-to-end integrity through the router core. If a single-bit error is detected in a 10-bit received codeword, that error may be simply corrected, corrected and reported, or reported as an error (more than one bit error per codeword may not be detectable, and cannot be corrected if detected using 8b/10b coding). Egress traffic manager Me12 can be configured to reject an entire epoch worth of data if uncorrectable (or correctable) errors occur on one of its strands, and those packets would be dropped. This condition can also be reported to the scheduler, which may choose to take strand 4 out of service.
Assuming that the original strand 4 data can be recovered error-free, an 8-bit-wide DDR Rx data strand Pe4, with an accompanying receive clock Ce4, transfer bytes from serdes 172 to egress traffic manager Me 12.
At the same time as the described operations are occurring, other serdes channels are transmitting the others of N=8 strands from ingress traffic manager Mi0's queue to egress traffic manager Me12's queue, using the others of N active switch fabric cards. Manager Me12 recombines the N egress strands to reconstruct the data in the sequence it existed in the ingress manager's queue.
With M1 core ingress ports and M2 core egress ports, similar operations can simultaneously connect each other ingress traffic manager's queue to its preselected egress traffic manager's queue for that epoch. Of course, not every ingress traffic manager may be authorized to transmit during every epoch.
It is recognized that backplane size and thickness (e.g., available routing layers) constraints generally limit the number of cards that can be interconnected on one backplane, and thus in some manner determines a practical maximum for N. The description accompanying
As a final configuration example,
Other variations on these configurations are possible. For example, all backplanes could be configured as midplanes with switch fabric cards facing opposite from line cards. And with additional stepped connectors and line card height, even more backplanes could be connected to a line card.
To this end,
Within the sockets, the pins are not of equal length. The ESD pin is the longest such that it makes contact first when the card is inserted into the backplane. This ensures that potential differences between backplane chassis ground and switch fabric card chassis ground can be equalized first. The next longest pins are the ground pins on the UPM sockets, followed by the 48V DC and return power pins, allowing power to be established next as the card is inserted into a chassis. As the card is inserted further, the port pipe, schedule bus, and other bus and signal pins (not shown) make contact. Finally, the short pin makes contact last, signaling that the card is fully inserted. On the switch fabric card, the short pin connection is tied through a pull-up resistor to logic high (not shown). Connection of the short pin thus notifies the RPM through a backplane connection that the switch fabric card is powered and ready to communicate.
When the switch fabric card is removed, the short pin breaks contact first. At this time, the remainder of the pins are still in contact, and the card can still function to switch data. Upon sensing the impending removal of the card, however, the RPM can schedule the next possible epoch without the strand served by SF0. As long as rescheduling can occur prior to disconnection of the port pipe pins, no packet loss will occur.
One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the concepts taught herein can be tailored to a particular application in many other advantageous ways, and that the specific numbers and configurations presented are merely exemplary and instructive. For instance, all epochs need not be of the same length or any particular length. A switch fabric need not be implemented in a single integrated circuit, and indeed, the number of channels, strands, connections, etc. served by a given circuit is a design choice. A strand can be a single serial differential pair, but can be anything else that makes sense to the designer: two differential pairs, an optical fiber, a number of single-ended electrical connections, etc. Circuitry other than that described will preferably reside on each card, and some such circuitry has been alluded to herein. As ways of implementing such circuitry will be evident to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure, and such circuitry does not directly impact the salient features of the present invention, detailed description of such circuitry has been largely omitted to prevent this disclosure from burgeoning into a production manual.
Several terms used herein should be considered in the context of a practical application rather than in absolute terms. For systems with line cards connected to backplanes, a backplane ingress or egress port is a "router core" port because it communicates packet data with the core switching functionality of the router. "Packet data" need not be recognizable as such in the router core; indeed, the preferred embodiments split consecutive packet bytes off to different core switches, such that no one core device can ever glimpse an entire packet data or payload. A "serial link" implies that the transmit clock is recovered from the data, but implies no other particular limitations. For instance, single-ended electrical paths, differential electrical paths, and optical paths can each be part of a serial link. And although many serial links transmit one bit-per-symbol, a given serial link could use more elaborate signaling. An "always-up" serial link is, of course, up when powered, enabled, and functioning normally. The term "port" is generally referred to herein in a functional sense—a given port in some embodiments is distributed among several devices or cards, and in some circumstances, such as a deserializer integrated with a digital switch fabric, the parallel "port" could be an internal interface within the circuit itself. A given switch fabric circuit could be served by more than one serial link per port, or data from one serial link could be distributed to multiple parallel switch fabric circuits. Although serdes devices are shown, nothing requires that a single circuit serve both serialization and deserialization functions. "Clocked" data is intended to be valid at a target device according to a separate transmitted clock.
Although the specification may refer to "an", "one", "another", or "some" embodiment(s) in several locations, this does not necessarily mean that each such reference is to the same embodiment(s), or that the feature only applies to a single embodiment.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
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|Oct 21, 2002
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text:
Matrix Biolage Hydratherapie Conditioning Balm
- Overview
- Features
- Deeply replenishes hair with moisture
- Leaves hair soft and manageable
- Creates shiny, silky, smooth hair
- About the brand
Matrix Biolage Hydratherapie Conditioning Balm replenishes dry, stressed hair with a dose of intense moisture.
After shampooing, massage into wet hair. Leave in 1-3 minutes. Rinse thoroughly.
Founded in 1980 by hairdressers Arnie and Sydell Miller, the Matrix collection gives you the hair care and styling tools you need to dress up your 'do. The Matrix collection includes six lines to cover hair needs ranging from curly to color. Celeb stylist Mark Townsend uses Matrix products to create the looks of leading ladies like Reese Witherspoon, Mary Kate Olsen and Amy Adams.


text:
What's your favorite horror movie? I'd love to hear your answers in the comments, but if you'd like to vote against other horror fans you'll want to head over to The Daily Dot where you can help vote for the top horror f...http://www.neatorama.com/2015/10/30/Vote-for-the-Best-Horror-Movie-in-this-Horror-Bracket/
Kurt Richter took this picture of the construction site near his home. The heavy equipment crew has a sense of humor! Let's get a closer look.Their simple Halloween decoration is tasteful, subdued, and really appropriate...http://www.neatorama.com/2015/10/27/Digger-for-Hire-Halloween-Special/
It's the season for our attention to turn to... ...t's the season for our attention to turn to zombies , for Halloween, for the return of The Walking Dea... ...r fun. Robert Jones put together this supercut of zombies we've seen in so many horror movies over th...http://www.neatorama.com/2015/10/11/A-Tribute-to-Zombies-in-Movies/
Atlas Obscura talked with Sigurður Atlason, Ma... ...ic as it is known in Iceland. He spoke of revenge zombies , summoned from the grave in order to haunt your e...http://www.neatorama.com/2015/05/13/The-Revenge-Zombies-of-Iceland/
AMCImgur user MorbidMalignant made a series of infographics that give credit where credit is due in terms of zombie and people killing on The Walking Dead. The carnage fest is such fun to watch that viewers may have lost...http://www.neatorama.com/2015/04/01/The-Top-Killers-For-Each-Season-Of-iThe-Walking-Deadi/
[http://youtu.be/YC5AmJAvOwE] (YouTube link)This recap takes you through four-and-a-half seasons of The Walking Dead to get you ready for the show's return this Sunday. Does it contain spoilers? It should, since it...http://www.neatorama.com/2015/02/06/The-Ultimate-Walking-Dead-Recap/
[http://youtu.be/Zh1vxD1UbjI]YouTube LinkDeer Park... ...ntle his holiday nativity display, which features zombies playing the traditional roles of everyone in the...http://www.neatorama.com/2014/12/24/Ohio-Town-Officials-Kill-Nativity-of-the-Undead/
When Jamie Russell wrote Book of the Dead: The Complete History of Zombie Cinema, we had yet to cycle into the current zombie craze. The book has been updated and revised, and Russell gave an interview to HuffPo that was...http://www.neatorama.com/2014/10/15/8-Things-You-Didnt-Know-About-Zombie-Movies/
Scientific research can read like a horror story when the subject is parasites. There are numerous parasite species that not only feed on their victims, but actually start to control their victim's behavior for the...http://www.neatorama.com/2014/10/15/Real-Zombies-Mind-Controlling-Parasites-of-Nature/
It seems pretty obvious if you follow social media closely that Ebola is going to kill us all, and soon. It will be the next great epidemic, and will thin out of ranks and reduce us all to Walking Dead extras. You CAN th...http://www.neatorama.com/2014/10/11/5-Terrifying-Facts-About-Ebola/


text:
Superfoods are awesome, right? And, they are a subject of great interest in the primal and real food communities. So, what exactly is a superfood? According to Google, the term indicates "a nutrient-rich food considered to be especially beneficial for health and well-being," and "superfood" first starting seeing usage in the 1960's, with a steep rise since 1987. The idea of a food ... Read More »
How to Love Someone with an Eating Disorder
One of my close friends was diagnosed with an eating disorder earlier this year, and it was a huge wake up call for us close to her. While each one of us has our own unique relationship with food, exercise, and what we consider "healthy habits", it is our relationships with our own bodies that truly determine our health and ... Read More »
Your Health & Your Time
What on earth could managing my time have to do with feeling great and being healthy? Well, everything and nothing. Time management can at times be a challenge for everyone. Is it for you? When we are challenged to manage time, we often start to feel afraid. This fear then creates an undercurrent of distress that in time will deplete ... Read More »
This is How to Make REAL FOOD Easy
As I mentioned in my last post, I have been soul searching and researching ways to serve RFM's increasing audience to give you the very BEST of health inspiration and information. Whether you come for connection, empowerment or health advice; be it insight, motivation, research, or inspiration – I want you to know in your heart that this site has it for you. I ... Read More »
How to Get Healthy Without Working Out
This article is about how to get healthy without working out. It's a funny thing for a Real Fit Mama like myself to say – I know. The truth is all around us, if we look, that health is determined by more than what we eat for breakfast and how far we run. A recent series of articles from U, the ... Read More »
February Stitch Fix: Is it Love?
After discovering that my wardrobe has become years-old, I made one of my goals for last Fall to create a closet of new clothes that I absolutely love without breaking the bank or crushing my schedule. Enter Stitch Fix. February marks my 4th Fix, and just like they say, the 4th time is a charm. Some of you may have ... Read More »
Best Black Friday Sale for Paleo, Health and Natural Living
Thanksgiving is one of my favorite times of the year, and I am grateful to be able to share some outstanding deals with you this holiday season! The wellness world has joined in the spirit of Black Friday. This means that I, along with a giant joyful gang of my favorite healthy bloggers, are bringing you HUGE savings after Thanksgiving. I have ... Read More »
How to Meditate
Lately I've had a lot of people ask me to support them in building a mediation practice. Meditation is a powerful tool for mind-body-spirit wellness. A good meditation routine can help with many things including anxiety and insomnia. Meditation has been shown to improve metabolism, impact fertility, and to help heal cancer, high blood pressure, and migraines. There are as ... Read More »
October Stitch Fix: First Fix
After discovering that my wardrobe has become years-old, I made one of my goals for Fall to create a closet of new clothes that I absolutely love without breaking the bank or crushing my schedule. Enter Stitch Fix. Some of you may have heard of Stitch Fix. With Stitch Fix, a virtual personal stylist picks out my monthly "fix" and ... Read More »
48-Hour FLASH Giveaway! Primal Vitality 8-Week Course
Are you ready to completely revolutionize your health? Looking for one on one support in creating the body and health you dream of? Whether you've had it and lost it or are looking to create a whole new wellness plan, this 8-week at-your-own-pace online class is designed for you to revolutionize your health in a way that is unique and ... Read More »


text:
A few fresh faces surface among State Fair traditions
There are a few new twists to this year's Wisconsin State Fair, but don't worry: The fan-favorite traditions aren't going anywhere. (Yes, there will be cream puffs.)
■This year, the fair's Racing Animal Arena will host both Saz's Racing Pigs and the Great American Duck Race. Alternating pig and duck races happen every day, every hour Monday through Friday from 10:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m., and Saturdays and Sundays from 9:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. »Read Full Article(1)
Cold closes Oriental Theater until further notice
The cold snap has taken its toll on the boiler at the venerable 86-year-old Oriental Theater at 2230 N. Farwell Ave.
According to a spokesman for Landmark Theatres, which operates the theater, the Oriental will be closed until further notice, and at least until Thursday. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
Local TV news viewership climbs as temperatures drop
There is no thermometer to measure the number of people stuck at home watching TV because of the cold.
The Head and the Heart to headline Riverside Theater
The Head and the Heart is heading back to Milwaukee.
The Seattle-based folk rock sextet--which first impressed Milwaukee audiences with a 2011 set at Turner Hall Ballroom that outshined main act Iron & Wine--is headlining its biggest room in Milwaukee to date. The band will play the Riverside Theater April 5, with autoharp-playing singer-songwriter Basia Bulat opening. »Read Full Article
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text:
Ryder shipping down to Boston
Canadiens forward Michael Ryder has signed a three-year deal worth $4 million per season with the Boston Bruins.
EN Says: Very nice signing by the Bruins. Ryder was a guy who had at least 25 goals each of his first three seasons. This past season, he fell out of favor with the Habs' coaches and scored only 14 goals. The Bruins were a team that had trouble generating offense last season. Ryder is a guy who can help remedy that due to his natural scoring touch. You have to think Ryder will have revenge on his mind anytime the Bruins play the rival Canadiens.
Ryder had been connected to the Penguins in rumors. There was also speculation Marian Hossa was a target of the Bruins. One would thing this would change those plans.


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