text:
12 posts tagged with SanFrancisco and parking.
Displaying 1 through 12 of 12. Subscribe:
Best place to hang out in a parked car in San Francisco?
This is not a sex question, I promise. Owing to some logistical ridiculousness, I'm going to have to spend part of a weekday sitting in my parked car, somewhere in San Francisco. No leaving the car. Where's the prettiest place that can be appreciated from a parked car? [more inside]
Neighbor's parking job is making it hard to enter/exit my garage spot
My neighbor parks his car in such a way that it often partially blocks my garage spot. I've been trying to live with it but it's getting harder and harder to maneuver around him. He's been involved in other fights over parking already, so how do I deal with this without starting a feud? Snowflake details inside. [more inside]
ISO Inexpensive Parking at SF's Fisherman's Wharf
I'm looking for inexpensive over-night parking in or near Fisherman's Wharf for Christmas night. We'll be taking 2 cars, but our hotel only allows parking for one. [more inside]
The Joy of Parking, San Francisco (Overnight Edition)
Where can I park my car this weekend while housesitting in Noe Valley? I don't mind a walking distance I just need a place to park my car from Friday night to Sunday afternoon where it will be safe and not piss off the neighborhood. Does that even exist? It will be our little secret..
How to fight a ticket for blocking your own driveway in San Francisco?
i've been living in an apartment building in san francisco for 10 years and have a one-car garage. for much of that time i parked my car on the street, parallel to the curb, blocking my own driveway to some extent. i also had friends park there cars there, and when i had a rental car, i parked it there on and off for several months. no one ever got a ticket. a couple months ago i parked a friend's car there overnight and got a ticket. apparently someone had called in a complaint, although the car was extending only into my own driveway, and by a small amount at that. i protested the $98 ticket, saying that i was the driver and the only one authorized to call in a complaint, but it was denied. i have no idea who called in the complaint, and DPT will not give out that information. i plan to do an in-person hearing. has anyone successfully fought this sort of ticket? [more inside]
Do I need a residential parking permit to park in front of my own driveway in San Francisco?
In San Francisco, will DPT ticket me if I park on the street in front of my own driveway without a residential parking permit? [more inside]
Where can I lock my bicycle near A. T. & T. Park on World Series Days?
Where can I lock my bicycle near A. T. and T. Park on World Series Days?
Where can I eat and park my car in San Francisco?
I'm looking for an awesome restaurant to go to in San Francisco with my out of town friend and my car. [more inside]
Can you beat a San Francisco parking ticket if it has no VIN number on it?
Can you beat a San Francisco parking ticket if it has no VIN number on it? [more inside]
Where is a cheap and secure place to leave a car in San Francisco overnight for one night?
Where is a cheap and secure place to leave a car in San Francisco overnight for one night? [more inside]
Where in SF should I park my car?
Where can I park in San Francisco? [more inside]
Valencia Street Parking
In San Francisco, CA, on Valencia Street, in the Mission, I've noticed that many people park in the turn lane. Is this legal? [more inside]
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FedEx expects delivery volume to surge on Mondays
Retailers' holiday promotions and a shift in consumer buying habits generates heavy demand for Monday deliveries by FedEx.
FedEx expects delivery volume to surge on Mondays
Retailers' holiday promotions and a shift in consumer buying habits generates heavy demand for Monday deliveries by FedEx.
Nordstrom names a new president for its e-commerce site
Ken Worzel becomes president of Nordstrom.com as the retailer shakes up executive duties.
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text: 000 FXUS63 KDVN 282042 AFDDVN Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Quad Cities IA IL 342 PM CDT WED SEP 28 2016 .SYNOPSIS... Issued at 340 PM CDT Wed Sep 28 2016 Vertically stacked upper low seen on satellite movie loops spinning over northern Indiana was spreading stratocumulus/stratus as far west as the Dakotas/MN border and far western IA. Under this canopy of clouds temperatures in the dvn cwa were rather cool, in the upper 50s to lower 60s. Scattered showers were located in southern WI and northern IL and were moving southwest. && .SHORT TERM...(This Evening through Thursday) ISSUED AT 340 PM CDT Wed Sep 28 2016 Forecast focus on cloud trends and temperatures. Tonight: Any scattered showers or sprinkles should end by 7 pm according to the HRRR with much of the night dry. Satellite loops indicated clearing taking place in eastern WI as drier air rotates around the upper low. We will be going with the idea this clearing trend will spread southwest into the dvn cwa overnight. Therefore, skies should eventually become clear or partly cloudy at most locations. The center of the low should push southward into southern Indiana by sunrise with high pressure ridge extending from northern MN to the TX panhandle. Minimum temperatures will range from the mid 40s to the lower 50s. Thursday: Models suggest the synoptic pattern to become locked in place with the closed upper low becoming stalled in far southern IN or western KY, with the surface ridge from MN to TX. Most of the cwa will enjoy sunshine especially west of the MS River closer to the ridge. However, northeast winds coming off Lake MI due to the cyclonic circulation around the low should spread low clouds back into our eastern cwa. There may also be a small chance of showers or sprinkles in our far eastern counties. Temperatures should be warmer with highs around 70 at most locations. .LONG TERM...(Thursday Night through Wednesday) ISSUED AT 340 PM CDT Wed Sep 28 2016 Thursday Night...Vorticity maxima begin to pinwheel around Ohio Valley upper-low, making westward progression back into E Iowa/ NW Illinois/and NE Missouri. Sensible weather effects will be limited. We`ll have increasing low clouds, and a slight chance for light showers across the far east - primarily in Bureau and Putnam Counties. Friday and Saturday...Models have converged on low retrograding further NW. Went cooler for max temps, below the SuperBlend, to account for reduced solar insolation from low stratus. Mid to upper 60s are the current going forecast but further downward adjustments remain possible. Winds are forecast to be strongest on Friday, between 10-20 mph (isolated higher gusts) out of the NNE. Precipitation: Isolated to scattered showers are likely at times. The highest PoPs are over the eastern half of the CWA and peak between 40-50% Friday afternoon through Saturday. Further west, chances are lower and many locations may receive little to no measurable rain. Sunday and Monday...Model suite in reasonable agreement weakening the upper-level low on Sunday and tracking it to the NE through Michigan. This will be a dry stretch of weather with temps in the 70s. Tuesday and Wednesday...Pattern transitions into a warmer, return flow scenario. Dewpoints may rise into the 50s; however, the best moisture advection will probably occur on Wednesday as it pools along a cold front. May need to remove shower chances over the west in future updates because forcing and low-level convergence are negligible. Wednesday...showers and thunderstorms may accompany the front but it is too early to assess the severe potential and coverage of storms. ..Uttech.. && .AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Thursday Afternoon) ISSUED AT 340 PM CDT Wed Sep 28 2016 VFR conds through this taf cycle. North winds 10 to 20 knots this afternoon then around 10 knots tonight into Thursday morning. && .HYDROLOGY... Issued at 100 PM CDT Wed Sep 28 2016 Overview: Most significant change was at New Boston on the Mississippi River where the crest forecast increased from moderate to major flood stage. Otherwise, river forecasts are largely on track. See site specific information in the following discussion and in recent Flood Warning Statements. Cedar River... Vinton: Now below major flood stage. Cedar Rapids: Forecast to fall below major flood stage Thursday evening or night. Conesville: Major flooding is occurring as river level rises rapidly. Timing of crest forecast is Thursday afternoon into Thursday night. Confidence is moderate to high on a crest a half foot on either side of 18.30 feet. Wapsipinicon River... Anamosa Shaw Rd: Forecast to fall below major flood stage this evening. De Witt 4S: High confidence in reaching major flood stage. Thinking current crest forecast is on the upper end of possible outcomes. Reasonably high probability the final crest is lower. Please monitor for updates. Iowa River... Excessive amounts of water continue to propagate downstream through the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. There is high confidence on significant flooding. Exact timing varies by site. Moderate confidence is associated with the crest forecasts. Current thinking is crest forecasts are toward the upper range of what is possible; observed crests may come in lower. Please follow forecast information closely throughout this event. Mississippi River... Minor to Major flooding continues to be on track. Greatest forecast change was at New Boston with an increased crest forecast from moderate to major. Otherwise, latest forecasts show little to no adjustments. Majority of the crests are projected to occur over the weekend or early next week. Uttech && .DVN Watches/Warnings/Advisories... IA...NONE. IL...NONE. MO...NONE. && $$ SYNOPSIS...Haase SHORT TERM...Haase LONG TERM...Uttech AVIATION...Haase HYDROLOGY...Uttech


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President Obama Loved SXSW So Much, He's Throwing His Own Music Festival at the White House
At last, Malia gets a festival in her literal backyard.By Dee Lockett
At last, Malia gets a festival in her literal backyard.By Dee Lockett
Unmatch! Block! Report!By Eve Peyser
Diane Warren wrote the song, which features Kelly Clarkson, Chloe x Halle, Missy Elliott, Jadagrace, Lea Michele, Janelle Monáe, Kelly Rowland, and Zendaya.By Sean Fitz-Gerald
And other things we learned from her Q&A with Tumblr at SXSW.By Dayna Evans
Watch out for Nom, Food Network.By Clint Rainey
"An uphill battle" to get a diverse panel.By Kat Ward
The first president to speak at SXSW? Oh yeah, that's another first.By Halle Kiefer
"Earlier this week we made a mistake."By Dayna Evans
SXSW canceled the discussions on harassment ... because of harassment.By Elaine Godfrey
And Joe Zee for Jason Wu — according to the duo's SXSW chat.By Véronique Hyland
Some known, some new, all great.By Maggie Lange and Allison P. Davis
Notes from a SXSW panel on Schumer's new movie Trainwreck.By Maggie Lange
"For me in particular it was a good season because we deal with his sexuality."By Valentina I. Valentini
We've seen it.By Kyle Buchanan
Ronda Rousey on the ripple effect of changing perceptions of women.By Maggie Lange
Looking for young Republicans at SXSW.By Jaime Fuller
At an important tech panel at SXSW.By Maggie Lange
Ry-guy is the mike-bearer.By Sean Fitz-Gerald
The burger chain is casting an extremely wide net.By Clint Rainey
Starring Amy Schumer and Melissa McCarthy, respectively.By Nate Jones


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How Might Your Company be Affected by West Virginia's Employment Law Changes?
Annual Labor & Employment Update 2013
Bar President: 3Ls Should Get Paid for Internships
Bill on Bankruptcy: Lawyers Must Disclose What Clients Pay
Corporate Law Report: Economic Espionage Act, Top FCPA Enforcement Actions, Trademark Audits, and More
Congressman: My Plan Would Reduce Student Loan Defaults: Video
When California's Fair Pay Act goes into effect January 1, 2016, the state's employers will be subject to the strictest equal pay law in the country. The new law is part of an increased effort on both the federal and state...more
Earlier this month, we alerted you that the Colorado Department of Labor was considering an enforcement position with respect to "use it or lose it" vacation policies. The CDOL recently issued a FAQ document about Colorado's...more
The U.S. Department of Labor's (DOL) permanent labor certification (PERM) program requires employers to conduct specific recruiting activities to test the labor market before filing an application. The regulation at 20 CFR §...more
The Impact of National Same-Sex Marriage for Employers -
Why it matters:
How will employers feel the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges? The landmark ruling that the Fourteenth...more
Second Circuit vacates district court's ruling that unpaid interns who worked on film Black Swan and at Fox's corporate offices should have been classified as employees and thus entitled to minimum-wage and overtime pay,...more
The U.S. Department of Labor ("DOL") Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs ("OFCCP") has filed a lawsuit before the Office of Administrative Law Judges against WMS Solutions LLC ("WMS") alleging violations of...more
The U.S. Department of Labor ("DOL") has finally revealed its anticipated proposed changes to the Fair Labor Standards Act's ("FLSA") overtime exemptions. See 80 F.R. 38515 (July 6, 2015). Employers should brace themselves...more
On Monday, July 6, the United States Department of Labor (USDOL) published its long awaited proposed rule "updating" regulations "defining and delimiting" the exemptions from overtime for white collar employees (i.e., the...more
The Department of Labor (DOL) recently issued proposed new rules that seek to expand overtime wage coverage to more than 4.6 million workers. These proposed rules are not yet final, and the DOL seeks comments. However, now is...more
The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) issued its long-awaited proposed rule that would change the federal regulations of the Fair Labor Standards Act's (FLSA) overtime provisions in a June 30, 2015 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking...more
A recent post appearing on U.S. Labor Department's blog begins, "The federal tipped minimum wage has been $2.13/hour since 1991. That's right - it's been the same for nearly a quarter century." Actually, that's wrong....more
On January 28, the Economic Policy Institute announced that "noted economists and a former Secretary of Labor" had written to U.S. Secretary of Labor Thomas Perez to propose an increased salary threshold of around $960 a week...more
Executive Summary: On January 30, 2015, the New York State Department of Labor's ("NYSDOL") Wage Board (the "Wage Board") voted to recommend a fifty percent increase in the minimum hourly rate for tipped workers, from $5.00...more
Employees of federal contractors, who previously have dwelled silently – and often unknowingly – in the gender and race pay chasm, may soon have a new tool to help them build a bridge across the gap....more
On Tuesday, December 9, 2014, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) announced that it has reached agreement with numerous employers in the oil and natural gas industry in Pennsylvania and West Virginia to provide 5,310 workers...more
On December 5, 2014, a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued an opinion vacating the Department of Labor (DOL) regulation and related guidance memorandum authorizing DOL, at the request of the...more
The New Jersey Department of Labor amended N.J.A.C. 12:56-3.1 to reflect the recent amendment to the New Jersey Constitution that raised the minimum wage to $8.25 and created yearly increases to the minimum wage tied to the...more
For most of the year, we have been discussing the upcoming FLSA regulations and what employers can expect related to the white collar exemptions. Recently, the DOL delayed the release of proposed rules, potentially for...more
The U.S. Labor Department (DOL) published final regulations implementing President Obama's Executive Order, raising the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour for workers on government contracts. The new minimum wage will take...more
On October 23, the Department of Labor reported that Proimtu Mmi-Nv LLC, a Nevada-based company, agreed to pay $1.9 million in back wages and fringe benefits as the result of a DOL investigation of its compliance with the...more
Significant changes to Colorado's wage and hour law are set to go into effect on January 1, 2015, with the implementation of the Wage Protection Act of 2014 (the Act or the amendments). The Act amends the Colorado Wage Claim...more
Recently, we detailed the efforts to push for paid sick leave by state and local governments in light of California's passage of a statewide paid leave law. Soon after our post, the U.S. Department of Labor's Women's Bureau...more
SBA Data Shows Large Firms are Nabbing Contracts Reserved for Small Businesses -
Federal procurement data show that large companies, including leading defense contractors, last year received millions of dollars in...more
On October 7, 2014, the Wage and Hour Division (WHD) of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) published its Final Rule establishing standards and procedures to implement Executive Order 13658, entitled "Establishing a Minimum...more
Back in late May, we told you that the Department of Labor had released its required Semiannual Regulatory Agenda. The Agenda, which is not binding on the DOL, included several FLSA-related items. Most importantly, the DOL...more
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text: Scarlet Footlocker 104,492pages on this wiki Edit Classic editor History Talk0 This article or section is an object stub. You can help expand it by editing it. Object boilerplate · Boilerplate help · Research: Wowhead WoWDB Use {{Stub/Item}} for items that can be placed in your inventory. Scarlet FootlockerLockedRequires Lockpicking (250) Scarlet Footlocker Source Edit In the buildings and around the grounds of Tyr's Hand in southeastern corner of the Eastern Plaguelands. External linksEdit Eastern Plaguelands Wowhead Thottbot WoWDB Retrieved from "http://wowwiki.wikia.com/wiki/Scarlet_Footlocker?oldid=2092164" Categories: Object stubs Chests Eastern Plaguelands objects Add category Cancel Save


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Lobbyist Profile: Summary, 2012
|Lobbying Firm
|Information Technology Industry Council
|Information Technology Industry Council
|Stanton Park Group
|Fibertower Corp
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NOTE: All lobbying expenditures on this page come from the Senate Office of Public Records. Data for the most recent year was downloaded on April 20, 2015.
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, such as textbooks, contact the Center: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Wii U
Buretsu posted...
'm interested as well. It seems that Nintendo fans like to think that any game with good graphics can't have a good gameplay.
people still respond to buretsu??
i72600k @4.6 // ASUS P8P67 WS Revolution // 8gb ram // 3x MSI GTX 680 sli // 1tb HD//W8pro//NNID shaunme1//PSN poselecta//XBL CursiveA//STEAM shaunmelwell//
If you were a real gamer why are you playing on a console who's main gimmick is a boring tablet controller which has been done to death since the ds was released, and which has largely boring casual party games like Nintendo Land? Where are Nintendo's great games? A real gamer needs to play a lot of great games, and can only play this on the ps3 or xbox 360 and upcoming consoles the wii and wii u do not offer the depth of gameplay, challenging gameplay and genre variety of these hd consoles, they are simply minigame casual consoles, I don't think a real gamer would like that type of console. WHich is why you're not a real gamer
Rennik Repotsir 3 years ago#44
2wingedangel posted...
How do you define a "real" gamer?
It's a useless term that has no meaning used by people who like to brag about sitting on their ass staring at a screen and pressing buttons for hours on end...
The person above suffers from IAD.</post>
Neo_Heartless 3 years ago#45
smash66 posted...
ORANGE666 posted...Buretsu posted...
That person's question was actually answered in the very post he quoted.
Tomb Raider had great graphics and Tresseme Hair, and gameplay is... well... subjective, but it was solid enough to play. The game sold at least 3.4 million copies...
And it was deemed a failure by Square Enix. Now it wasn't as advertised as your average Call of Duty, so how much did they spend on everything to make so many sales a financial failure?
The problem is companies these days have no concept of budget limitations. They have 5 people doing the work of 1 and they make and remake parts over and over again. Look how much Bioshock Infinite changed in development. How much would that have cost?
Are graphics important? They can be when done right, but I'm shocked no one's mentioned the truly important part of graphics: Art style. Look at Okami. It's touted as one of the most visually stunning games of our time, and it came out on the PS2. It wasn't anti-aliasing and 1080p that did this, it was a well implimented art style.
Compare again Yoshi's Island to the announced 3DS one. The original stands the test of time before of its vibrant a colourful visuals, the 3D one looks washed out in comparison, the graphical upgrade has done it no good because they've botched the artstyle.
tl:dr, game budgets are overinflated and Art style trumps graphics.
[Wubeth Intensifies]
ChaoticVortex posted...
These two things are killing the industry.
Its called progress. When the first mouse came out was it a gimmick? The first rumble pad? Only people lacking intellegence want the same system with the same features and the same options year after year. A REAL gamer wants to have new experiences not the same game with a new name each year.
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Oliver Stone & Joseph Gordon-Levitt on Making New Film "Snowden," Humanizing World's Most Wanted Man
As the much-anticipated movie "Snowden," about one of the most wanted men in the world, hits theaters, we spend the hour with its director, Academy Award-winning filmmaker Oliver Stone, and the actor who played Snowden, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and feature clips from the film that tells the story of how NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden exposed massive surveillance programs by U.S. and British intelligence agencies. "Our goal was to humanize the man, to bring you … the feeling of his life," Stone says of Snowden, who he notes was originally politically conservative and tried to enlist in the military to serve in Iraq but joined the CIA instead.
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Geno Smith's long wait to hear his named called at the NFL draft stretched from Thursday into Friday, creating an extra day of suspense that Smith neither wanted nor expected. It finally concluded when the New York Jets picked Smith at No. 39, the seventh pick of the second round.
After potentially escaping New York, where the draft was held, Smith will stay and play for one of the league's most visible teams.
The Eagles twice passed on Smith, the West Virginia quarterback who Jeffrey Lurie personally scouted with coach Chip Kelly and general manager Howie Roseman. But Smith found the one quarterback competition that will draw more attention than Philadelphia's by ending up with the Jets.


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text: Gammon is a delicious dish for a celebration like Easter or Christmas and equally good for a mid-week supper. It's great served hot with roast potatoes and all the trimmings, and a big joint will last for up to five days in the fridge - perfect for sandwiches and salads. Here you'll find our five favourite ways to prepare gammon:


text:
Well, friends. Let me share this fun project with you!
But before I share my own PINspiration, I want to remind you that you have 12 days left to link up with your own PINspired projects! Do so HERE!!
I'm loving all of the fun things that have come in so far and I can't wait to see more projects! I've been saving up a few projects to share during the challenge, so I'll have those posted over the next week or two. Stay tuned!
So I was originally inspired by this PIN:
{Original Source: Purlbee}
I don't know why this picture is sideways! (Dang blogger, what's UP with it lately!?)
I tried to keep them wooden, but I just didn't love the look. I felt that white would look better in her room, so I first planned to spraypaint. However, that wasn't turning out as I'd hoped, so I switched to a simple tempera paint that I have had since high school.
The whole family got in on placing them. I had planned how I wanted them arranged before I put them in the circles and took a phone pic so that I wouldn't forget, but then we just sort of eyeballed it once we got in her room. Wren's rather handy with a hammer! :)
Thanks for reading, and I can't wait to see your finished Pinterest projects!!


text:
Companies in Nova Scotia
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
Nova Sun Power
based in Pictou, NOVA SCOTIA (CANADA)
Nova Sun Power has humble roots. It was 1996 and energy prices were soaring so I decided to find a way to lower my costs. As an electrician I knew I had the skills and knowledge to find and install a system that would provide my family with energy security and more money to spend on the things that really mattered. I recalled a gift I was given as a child and began ...
Bullfrog Power Inc.
Office in Halifax, NOVA SCOTIA (CANADA)
Organizations come to Bullfrog Power, Canada's leading green energy provider, to reduce their environmental impact and support the development of new green energy projects across Canada. Bullfrog Power's three renewable energy products – green electricity, green natural gas, and green fuel – give organizations the ability to eliminate 100% of their Scope 1, 2 and 3 ...


text:
Kenny Florian: I was successful as a martial artist, but…
This is number ninety-six in Jack's series of interviews with MMA fighters and personalities, and for this particular interview, we're pleased to feature TUF 1 and UFC veteran fighter, Kenny Florian. The popular and charismatic, Boston-area native, Florian, was a surprise finalist as a middleweight on the first season of The Ultimate Fighter. After that, he went on to fight in the UFC for the remainder of his career, twice fighting for the lightweight championship and once for the featherweight championship. Now retired, Florian is part of the UFC and FOX's broadcasting team. In this role, he has been able to travel the world and see the sport that he once competed in from a whole new perspective. Please enjoy the conversation below.
Jack Brown: What was your first experience with martial arts/combat sports, and how did it become more than just a hobby for you?
Kenny Florian: I started doing martial arts when I was a kid – Karate and Kung Fu and stuff like that. My dad was a black belt in Judo and he kind of wanted us all to learn martial arts and know how to defend ourselves and all that. He thought it was beneficial so everyone in my family has done martial arts at some point. My connection with the martial arts was unlike anything else. I played soccer and I played tennis very seriously, but there was a special connection with martial arts that I didn't feel with anything else. I felt like I was truly doing something special. I think that just growing up and doing martial arts and seeing it in the movies made it special. But it wasn't until I started training when I was in college that I began approaching it in a serious manner.
JB: What do you recall about your first professional MMA fight, a KO win in Taunton, MA, back in 2003, and how prepared do you feel you were at the time?
KF: For whatever reason, when I knew nothing, I was more confident than later on. I felt like I was pretty well prepared at the time. I was going against a wrestler that I think had a couple fights. I had one Pancrase style fight that I had against Nuri Shakir. Nuri was probably a better fighter and a way more experienced fighter than the guy I was fighting in my second fight, technically my first pro MMA fight. I was actually really pretty ill-prepared. I was just doing Jiu-jitsu. Some of the guys at the academy were kind of just showing me things like how to jab and how to punch and how to hold a clinch. But I just felt prepared for whatever reason. I didn't train hard. I didn't do anything special. I just went in there and ended up winning.
JB: Though your first loss came in your third professional fight, it was a split decision to veteran fighter, Drew Fickett. It is also my understanding that your performance in that fight directly led to you coming to Dana White's attention and your casting on the first season of TUF. Looking back, what stands out in your mind about your experience on that season of TUF?
KF: I was originally supposed to face Jamie Varner, and I think that was at 170 pounds or whatever. I think I was like 168. I had never cut weight. I didn't like cutting weight. Actually, I cannot say that I did or did not like cutting weight then. I had never even cut weight for my Jiu-jitsu tournaments. I just fought at whatever weight I was at. So I was originally supposed to fight Jamie Varner, and nine days before the fight, Drew Fickett ended up replacing him. Jamie Varner dropped out for whatever reason and Fickett came in. He couldn't make the 170 pound weight so he said that he was going to fight at 175. I said, "Okay. No problem." I thought it was a great opportunity to face a guy with one of the best records out there in MMA at the time. Drew Fickett was on like a six-fight win streak. He was submitting guys left and right and had submitted a couple of Brazilian Jiu-jitsu black belts. I was fired up for the fight. I thought it was a great opportunity. I had no idea that Dana White was in Boston that night, there scouting Drew Fickett. I think that he was kind of lured into watching Fickett fight because he had this great record and people saw him as a guy who could be on The Ultimate Fighter. So we went out there and had a war. That was the first time that I had ever been hit in the face for real in an MMA fight. We just went at it, man. We had a great fight. I thought I won. He thought that he won. I ended up losing the split decision.
The Ultimate Fighter was kind of like an experiment in some ways. I didn't really know if it was going to be on TV. I thought, "Who's going to watch this?" I had never heard of Spike TV at the time. To me, I just saw it as another opportunity to do what I love to do. It wasn't even until after The Ultimate Fighter that I said that I wanted to try to be an MMA fighter. I was still just kind of doing it for the experience, just looking to learn and try something new. But it was really that experience that allowed me to become a professional fighter.
JB: After TUF, you went on to have a very successful career in the UFC, winning 12 times, 10 of those by stoppages, and most of the stoppages via submissions. Of those victories what were your most satisfying performances?
KF: I always thought that I could have done things better. I didn't really look at my wins and say, "Wow! That was such a great win!" I had some fun fights and some memorable fights. The one against Takanori Gomi was a fight that I wanted since before I was ever in the UFC. I always dreamt of fighting Takanori Gomi and I had the opportunity to do it in a main event in the UFC. That was amazing and I thought that was a pretty clean performance. The one against Clay Guida was fun. I don't think it was a perfect performance, but it was a fun one. If there was a fight that went perfectly, where I didn't even get hit, it was probably the Sam Stout one, my first fight at 155.
JB: You only lost in the UFC five times. Four of those losses were championship fights and the other was a number-one contender fight. Diego Sanchez, at 185 pounds, and BJ Penn, at 155 pounds, were the only two opponents to stop you. Many consider you one of the best fighters to have never won a championship. How do you regard that distinction?
KF: Some people would maybe take offense to that or whatever, but I don't. I think it was something that was just a great experience as far as being able to fight in the UFC. A lot of people didn't expect much of me coming off The Ultimate Fighter. So in many ways I exceeded their expectations. I still feel like I failed at trying to become a champion in the UFC, but I started fighting at 28 years old and I didn't have a whole lot of time to waste. I gave it my best effort, man. I really did everything I could. I made mistakes along the way and I always tried to learn and evolve. I feel like maybe I failed as a fighter, but as a martial artist, I succeeded. I was learning, proving, evolving and fighting at a high level against some of the best fighters in the world. Even as a kid I always dreamt about being able to do that. I always had these old Kung Fu movies in the back of my head. That's kind of what I envisioned – traveling the land, training with different masters, and fighting the best guys out there. I was able to do that. I didn't have a lot of time. I didn't start MMA and Brazilian Jiu-jitsu, the real effective martial arts, when I was younger. I just kind of did it for a couple years and that was it. I started Brazilian Jiu-jitsu at 20 years old. I don't think a lot of people expected things of me, so in the end, again, I was successful as a martial artist but failed as a UFC fighter in some ways.
JB: In May 2012, about seven months after your last fight, a decision loss to Jose Aldo for the featherweight championship at UFC 136, you announced your retirement. At the time, you indicated that you were retiring at the advice of your doctors. How have you felt about your decision to retire since then, how have you been doing physically, and what, if anything, has retirement done to change your perspective on the sport of MMA?
KF: I still miss fighting very much. I miss training. I miss everything about it, walking into the cage, everything. Retiring was something that I needed to do. I never wanted to fight for a paycheck. I always wanted to do it because I loved it. I always wanted to do it when I was healthy. When I was no longer healthy and unable to train on a consistent basis, I was not able to put in the effort. I think that was what had made me a good fighter, my ability to work hard. If I wasn't able to work hard, or even harder than before my last fight against Aldo, then it wasn't worth it to me. It wasn't worth it to me to just go out there and get a paycheck. I didn't think it would have been fair to me and it wouldn't have been fair to the fans and the people who support me. Since then, with my back it has been a rollercoaster ride. It has been up and down, just battling and trying to get healthy. I do my best to try and train in the sport that I love, but I'm not always able to do that for physical reasons because of my back. Being outside of the sport for a while certainly has changed my perspective. I think I've been able to look at it with just a different set of eyes. But I think overall it has been very positive.
JB: Many fans, when they think of your fights, they also think of some of the coaches you had over the years, including your brother, Keith, Firas Zahabi, and, earlier, Mark Dellagrotte. How do you think you evolved as a martial artist over the years?
KF: Everyone I've worked with has supported and helped me. I always felt that if I wasn't getting better, I was getting worse. I had to constantly evolve and improve my game and work on my weaknesses. I think that Firas Zahabi was a huge, huge help in my career, both in the way that I performed and the way that I thought about the sport. He definitely elevated me to a completely new level. I think that throughout my career I've always looked at myself very honestly and been my own worst critic. I looked for ways to improve in the technical aspects and the physical aspects, and I learned that you have to go where you are going to get the most amount of help. That was the key, and Firas was a huge part of that. All my coaches have helped me over the years, but I think Firas was one of those guys that kept an open mind and allowed for there to be a tremendous amount of growth. He really thinks a lot like me, and I think that's why we got along so well and clicked so well as trainer and fighter. We always looked for ways to improve and always looked for new ways to evolve and get better.
JB: Your work on ESPN and your current role with the UFC, as a color commentator for many of their television broadcasts, have established you as a skilled broadcaster. How much do you enjoy broadcasting and what have been the challenges thus far?
KF: I love MMA, and I love the sport, so being a broadcaster and having the opportunity to educate the fans and talk about the sport that I love is a blessing, man. I love it. It's something that I'm always trying to get better at and improve on fight night. I'm relentlessly watching the sport and all different types of martial arts, whether it's Muay Thai, boxing, wrestling, Jiu-jitsu. I'm always trying to expand my knowledge and learning and trying my best to share that and educate the fans. I think that is what, ultimately, at the end of the day, is going to help the sport. The more knowledgeable the fans we have, the better it is for the sport and the growth of the sport.
The travel can be a bit difficult working-wise because of the time changes and being tired constantly from the travel. We'll do a show at what is five or six in the morning back home. It gets tricky and definitely is challenging, but I don't think that there is anything better than being there live and calling those fights. It is an awesome experience and one that I am very grateful for.
JB: Are there any current fighters that you wish you had the chance to face in the octagon and who are some of the fighters that you enjoy watching most?
KF: I don't think that there are really one or two fighters that I have that I wish I could face. While I was around, I feel like I really faced the best guys that were around in my weight classes. And that was really what I wanted. I have no regrets in that aspect. Though I'm sure there are some fights that I'd like to take back and go back and redo.
As far as fighters that I'm looking at right now that are impressive to me, there are so many. Right off the top, Jon Jones is the most impressive to me with his game and how he's able to blend excitement and consistency at the highest level. I think that what's most impressive along with the variety of techniques that he uses. To me, that is what makes him the number-one, pound-for-pound, best fighter in the world. Of course, Gustafsson was right there with him and had an argument for winning that fight as well. So he's another guy that I really see as the new breed. Rory MacDonald is a guy that's very promising. Conor McGregor has a tremendous amount of potential. I love the way that he fights. There are just a bunch of guys that are really extremely impressive out there, like Demetrious Johnson. There are a lot of guys that I look at and say, "Those guys are really doing the right stuff and training properly." I think that's where a lot of the MMA fighters are lacking. They're not approaching their training camps in the right way.
JB: Last question, Kenny, and thanks for taking the time to do this. By most standards, you are still a young man. What plans or goals, personal or professional, do you have for the near or distant future?
KF: I don't know, man. I'm having a lot of fun working on FOX with Chael Sonnen. I'm hoping that UFC Tonight is a show I can do with him for a very long time. And the same goes for Jon Anik. I would love to be able to work with Jon Anik for a long time and call the fights for the UFC. I'm trying to get better and better at broadcasting and doing the live fights and my hosting role and analyst role for UFC Tonight on FOX Sports 1. So I'm just trying to get as good as I can and maybe venture into other things. I don't know. Maybe I could host some other kind of show. Something other than MMA would be fun. Maybe it could be some kind of travel show where I go out and train in different martial arts and have fun going to different gyms. I'm not sure what, but just kind of enjoying the experience and having an opportunity to do a show like that would be pretty awesome. Right now, I'm enjoying myself and enjoying retirement and doing my best to get better every single day at TV work.
JB: How about Florian Martial Arts? Have you opened a place in California?
KF: I haven't. I haven't opened up anything here in L.A. That's been on hold. That's been something that I've wanted to do, but with my schedule it has just been ridiculous. I still have my gym back in Boston, Florian Martial Arts Center, and that has been going well. Keith has been running that and the students have been doing extremely well. We're still a pretty new school, but things are moving along pretty well. So right now I'm just trying to do as much as I can. There are other business opportunities that I want to get into and that I will get into, but it all depends on what kind of time I can lend to those different ventures. We'll see what the future brings.
Thank you so much for reading and please follow Kenny Florian and Jack Brown on Twitter. Previous interviews include: Dan Hardy, Rose Namajunas, Joe Lauzon, War Machine, Tom Lawlor, Bas Rutten, Chris Leben, Phil Baroni, Julie Kedzie, Michael Bisping, Duane Ludwig, Sara McMann, Matt Lindland, Duke Roufus, Pat Miletich, Jens Pulver, Dan Severn, Nate Quarry, Ken Shamrock, Matt Serra, Jeremy Horn, Ray Longo, Kevin Randleman, Dennis Hallman, Daniel Cormier, Shonie Carter, Renzo Gracie, and dozens more.
Visit JackJohnBrownMMA on Facebook for links to all of Jack's past interviews.
Thank you to @KirikJenness for @theUG.


text:
Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
The antihyperlipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers ethanolic extract was investigated in triton (400 mg/kg b.w.) induced and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats in comparison of a known antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (10 mg/kg body wt.). Dose selection was made on the basis of acute oral toxicity study (50 mg to 5000 mg/kg body weight) as per OECD guidelines. Oral administration of 500 mg/kg body wt. of the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers exhibited a significant reduction (p<0.01) in serum lipid parameters total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipopreotein (VLDL) and increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipidemic rats in comparison with hyperlipidemic control in both models. The drug has the potential to act as antihyperlipidemic drug
RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
Sikarwar Mukesh S* and Patil M.B.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, K.L.E'S College of Pharmacy, Ankola-581314, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka, India,
Original Research Article
Hyperlipidemia with increased concentration of cholesterol,
triglycerides carrying lipoproteins is considered to be the
cause of arteriosclerosis with its dual squeal of thrombosis and
myocardial infarction. Lipoproteins are divided into six major
classes: chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, VLDL (very
low density lipoprotein), IDL (intermediate density
lipoprotein), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL (high
density lipoprotein). HDL promotes the removal of
cholesterol from peripheral cells and facilitates its delivery
back to the liver. Therefore increased levels of HDL are
desirable. On the contrary high levels of VLDL and LDL
promote arteriosclerosis. LDL especially in the oxidized form
is taken up by macrophages via scavenger mechanism
therefore anti-atherosclerotic drugs should reduce VLDL and
elevate HDL . Epidemiological studies have demonstrated
the strong causal relations in the levels of lipid parameters and
hyperlipidemia. The LDL transfers cholesterol towards extra
hepatic organs as major carrier, and HDL transports
cholesterol from the periphery tissues to the liver for
catabolism. HDL plays a pivotal role in the reverse cholesterol
transport (RCT) .
Hyperlipidemia is deeply involved in the etiology of
arteriosclerosis. Moreover, results of various studies have
revealed that hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor of
coronary disease hence much attention is being given to
primary and secondary prevention of hyperlipidemia. As a
result, antihyperlipidemic agents having various
pharmacological actions are being tested clinically. Because
hyperlipidemia in many cases is caused by over-ingestion of
alcohol or foods, attention is also being paid to treatment of
patients with hyperlipidemia using strict dietary management
and appropriate exercise . Elevated lipid levels results from
increased absorption through the gut or enhanced
endogenous synthesis therefore two ways are feasible to
reduce hyperlipidemia; to block endogenous synthesis or to
decrease absorption. Both factors can be evaluated in normal
animals without artificial diets.
Hibiscus rosa sinensis is an erect, much-branched, glabrous
shrub, 1 to 4 m high. Leaves are ovate, acuminate, coarsely
toothed, 7 to 12 cm long, alternate, stipulate. Flowers are
pedicillate, actinomorphic, pentamerous and complete;
Corolla consists of 5 petals, red in color, obovate, entire,
rounded tip, imbricate and about 3 inches in diameter.
Inflorescence is solitary, axillary and very large. Outermost
series of bracteoles - 6, lanceolate, green, and 8 mm long or
less. Calyx is green, 2 cm long, lobes ovate. Stamens are
forming a long staminal tube enclosing the entire style of the
pistil and protruding out of the corolla. Ovary 5-celled, styles
5, fused below .
Some of the chemical constituents isolated from this plant are
cyanidin, quercetin, hentriacontane, calcium oxalate,
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Flavonoids are
also present . Its flowers contain apigenidin, citric acid,
cyanidin diglucoside, cyanin, fructose, gentisic acid, glucose,
pelargonidin, quercetin, sucrose and tartaric acid.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petal infusion is widely used in ayurvedic
medicine in India as a demulcent refrigerant drink in fever
and decoction is given in bronchial catarrh. Previous studies
showed that the plant possesses anti-complementary, anti-
diarrhetic, anti-phologistic activity. It has been reported that
RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Received: 31/1/2011 Modified: 15/3/2011, Accepted: 20/3/2011
RJPS, Jul - Sep, 2011/ Vol 1/ Issue 2117
The antihyperlipidemic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers ethanolic extract was investigated in triton (400 mg/kg b.w.) induced and
atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats in comparison of a known antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (10 mg/kg body wt.). Dose
selection was made on the basis of acute oral toxicity study (50 mg to 5000 mg/kg body weight) as per OECD guidelines. Oral
administration of 500 mg/kg body wt. of the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers exhibited a significant reduction (p<0.01)
in serum lipid parameters total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipopreotein (VLDL) and increase
in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipidemic rats in comparison with hyperlipidemic control in both models. The drug has the
potential to act as antihyperlipidemic drug.
KEYWORDS: Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hyperlipidemia, Triton, Simvastatin
the plant flower possesses anti-spermatogenic and
androgenic, anti-tumour and anticonvulsant activities . It
helps in inducing abortion, provide treatment for headache.
Young leaves are sometimes used as a spinach substitute. It
also showed anti implantation, anti-inflammatory, anti-
pyretic, anti-spasmodic, anti-spermatogenic and anti-viral
activities. The decoction of the roots is used for coughs and
colds. The infusion of the petals of the flowers soothes and
protects the alimentary tract, relieves inflammation and
lowers body heat. In fevers, an infusion of the flowers helps to
reduce body temperature. The application of crushed flowers
soothes external wounds and sores. Flowers can also be made
into a kind of pickle or used as a purple dye for coloring foods
such as preserved fruits and cooked vegetables. The leaves
make a gentle laxative and soften inflamed parts. Root is
edible but very fibrous. It's also good for hair treatment .
To the best of our knowledge no scientific data regarding the
antihyperlipidemic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers are
available except in the treatise of Ayurvedic medicine. Thus,
the present study was undertaken to evaluate the
antihyperlipidemic effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers.
Several studies showed that systemic administration of triton
WR1339 (ionic surfactant) in fasted rats causes elevation in
plasma lipid level. Initially, there is a sharp increase in lipid
level reaching a peak two to three times the control value by 24
hours after the administration of triton injection phase I
(synthetic phase),this hyperlipidemia falls within next 24 hr
i.e. 48 hrs after triton administration, phase II (Excretion
phase). This increase in plasma lipid by triton is thought to be
due to increased hepatic synthesis of cholesterol or removal of
very low density protein (VLDL) from the blood due to their
physical alteration by triton. Antihyperlipidemic drugs
interfering with cholesterol synthesis were shown to be active
in phase I while drug interfering with cholesterol excretion
and metabolism were active in phase II. Triton-induced
hyperlipidemia is rather simple and rapid method for
evaluation of test substance and can be considered as the
u s e f u l m e t h o d fo r p r e l i m i n a r y s c r e e n i n g o f
antihyperlipidemic drugs .
The search for new drug with the ability to reduce or regulate
serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations has gained
momentum over the years, resulting in a plethora of
publications reporting significant activity of a variety of
natural and synthetic agents. Molecular modification of
naturally occurring compounds has also given rise to potent
agents like pravastatin and simvastatin; the former prepared
by replacement of the methyl group of naturally occurring
lovastatin by a hydroxyl group and the latter a methylated
derivative of compaction. In continuation of our search for
plant derived antihypercholesterolemic and hypolipidemic
agents, we direct our attention to some Indian medicinal
plants of which antihyperlipidemic activity has not been
scientifically validated.
Plant material
Flowers of Hibiscus rosa sinensis were collected in and around
local forest area of Ankola in Western Ghats, Karnataka and
authenticated by the Botanist Prof. G. S. Naik, Department of
Botany, G. C. Science and Art College, Ankola. A voucher
herbarium specimen number GCSAC/HRS/01 was also
preserved in the same college. The collected flowers were
dried and powdered to coarse consistency in cutter mill. The
powder was passed through 40 # mesh particle size and stored
in an airtight container at room temperature.
Atherogenic diet and chemicals
Experimental diet consists of well pulverized mixture of
Cholesterol (2%), Cholic acid (1%), peanut oil (10%), sucrose
(40%) and normal laboratory diet (47%).
A suspension of Triton –WR 1339 (S D Fine chemicals) in
0.15 M NaCl was used for inducing hyperlipidemia in
experimental rats. Simvastatin (Dr. Reddy's Laboratories,
Hyderabad), Diagnostic kits for estimation of were purchased
from Merck Diagnostics India Ltd. Anesthetic Ether (Ozone
International, Mumbai), Distilled Water and All other
chemicals were of Analytical grade.
Adult Albino rats of wistar strain (150-200 g) of either sex were
procured and housed in the animal house of K L E S College
of Pharmacy, Ankola with 12 h light and 12 h dark cycles.
Standard pellets obtained from Goldmohar rat feed, Mumbai
India, were used as a basal diet during the experimental
period. The control and experimental animals were provided
food and drinking water ad libitum. Ethical clearance was
granted by institutional ethical committee in resolution no.
1/18/2007 held on 23rd November 2007 at J N Medical
college, Belgaum (Ethical committee IAEC reg. no.:
627/02/a/CPCSEA). All the animal experiments were
conducted according to the ethical norms approved by
CPCSEA, Ministry of social justice and empowerment,
Government of India.
Extraction of plant material
Powdered crude drug (2.5 kg of the fresh air-dried) of Hibiscus
rosa sinensis flowers were extracted with 95% ethanol by
adopting simple maceration procedure at room temperature
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Sikarwar Mukesh S et al./ Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
for seven days in conical flask with occasional shaking and
stirring. The extract was filtered and concentrated to dryness
at room temperature to avoid the decomposition of the
natural metabolites . Extract was preserved in a refrigerator
till further use. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was
carried out by different methods of phytochemical
analysis .A known volume of extract was suspended in
distilled water and was orally administered to the animals by
gastric intubation using a force feeding needle during the
experimental period.
Preparation of dose for dried extract and standard
Ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg b.w) of the selected plant were
formulated as suspension in distilled water using Tween-80 as
suspending agent. The strength of the suspension was
according to the dose administered and was expressed as
weight of dried extract .
Simvastatin 10 mg/kg was used as the reference standard
drug for evaluating the antihyperlipidemic activity which was
made into suspension in distilled water using Tween-80 as a
suspending agent.
Acute oral toxicity studies
The acute oral toxicity studies of extract were carried out as
per the OECD guidelines from CPCSEA. Administration of
the stepwise doses of ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
from 50 mg/kg b.w. up to the dose 5000 mg/kg b.w. caused no
considerable signs of toxicity in the tested animals. One tenth
of upper limit dose were selected as the levels for examination
of antihyperlipidemic activity .
Diet-induced hyperlipidemic model:
The animals were selected, weighed then marked for
individual identification. Rats were made hyperlipidemic by
the oral administration of atherogenic diet for 20 days. The
rats were then given plant extract suspended in 0.2% tween 80
at the dose of 500 mg/kg b.w. once daily in the morning
through gastric intubation for 14 consecutive days. During
these days, all the groups also received atherogenic diet in the
same dose as given earlier. The control animals received the
hyperlipidemic diet and the vehicle. At the end of treatment
period, the animals were used for various biochemical
parameters .
Triton-induced hyperlipidemic model
Animals kept for fasting for 24 h, were injected a saline
solution of Triton at the dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. intra-
peritoneally. The plant extract, at the dose of 500 mg/kg b.w.,
were administered orally through gastric intubation. The first
RJPS, Jul - Sep, 2011/ Vol 1/ Issue 2
dose being given immediately after triton injection and second
dose 20 h later. After 4 h of second dose the animals were used
for various biochemical parameters .
Experimental design
Animals were divided into four different groups with six
animals in each group. Group I served as normal control,
Group II was positive control which was given standard
antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day p.o.).
Group III was hyperlipidemic control and this group did not
receive any treatment except standard pellet diet. Group IV
received ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers (500
mg/kg/day, p.o.). Treatment periods for all these groups were
14 days in atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemia and 48
hours in case of triton-induced hyperlipidemia.
Collection of blood
Blood was collected by retro-orbital sinus puncture, under
mild ether anesthesia. The collected samples were centrifuged
at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes.
Biochemical and HPTLC analysis
The serum was assayed for total cholesterol, triglycerides,
phospholipids and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) using
standard protocol method. By using Friedwald formula the
concentration of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low
density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum were calculated.
An HPTLC chromatogram of active extract was also done by
using CAMAG TLC SCANNER IV, densitometric
evaluation system with CAT software instrument was used for
scanning of thin layer chromatogram objects in reflectance or
transmission mode by absorbance or by fluorescence at 254 or
366 nm respectively.
Statistical Analysis
The results of the study were expressed as mean± S.E.M.
Data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance test
(ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's t-test for multiple
comparisons. Values with (P<0.05) were considered
significant .
The effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers various extract were
studied on serum lipids and lipoproteins level of triton (400
mg/kg b.w.) induced hyperlipidemic rats and results are
expressed as change in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels.
As expected, administration of triton WR1339 led to
elevation of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, which were
maintained over a period of study in hyperlipidemic control
group and these rats, were given treatment with ethanolic
Sikarwar Mukesh S et al./ Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
RJPS, Jul - Sep, 2011/ Vol 1/ Issue 2
Hyperlipidemic control. Decrease in the triglyceride level may
be due to the increase in activity of the endothelium bound
lipoprotein lipase which hydrolyses the triglyceride into fatty
acid or due to inhibition of lipolysis so that fatty acids do not
get converted to triglyceride.
There was significant increase in the HDL as compared to
control. This effect may be due to the increased activity of
lecithin: cholesterol acetyl transferase which incorporates free
cholesterol, free LDL into HDL and transferred back to
VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein.
In the present study, ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
flower extract showed significant antihyperlipidemic activity.
The anti-hyperlipidemic activity was evaluated by using
atherogenic diet induced and triton induced hyperlipidemia
model. It was found that ethanolic extract significantly
reduced serum elevated lipid level as compared to
hyperlipidemic control group and proved to be an anti-
extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers. The results were
comparable with reference standard simvastatin. There was a
significant elevation in serum lipids and lipoproteins in triton-
induced hyperlipidemic control (p<0.01) rats when compared
with normal control.
In triton-induced hyperlipidemic model, Hibiscus rosa sinensis
flowers Ethanolic extract showed significant serum lipid
lowering effects in hyperlipidemic rats which brought down
total cholesterol level, triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL,
VLDL and elevated HDL level in comparison of similar
parameters of hyperlipidemic control at 48 hr of study after
the treatment (Table 1-2).
In diet-induced hyperlipidemic model, results showed serum
lipid lowering potential of ethanolic extract of selected plant
for study. In figure, tested drug results are presented for 14
days study. These results are comparable to standard drug
simvastatin. Ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
demonstrated significant serum lipid lowering effects (P<0.01)
after giving two doses of 500 mg/ kg.b.w. for 14 days
treatment. It reduced total cholesterol 73±2.608, triglycerides
69.66±1.542, phospholipids 78±3.173, LDL 49±2.683,
VLDL 25.5±1.335 and increased level of HDL 28.16±2.167
in comparison of diet induced hyperlipidemic control total
cholesterol 101.16±2.613, triglycerides 86±2.280,
phospholipids 107.66±2.642, LDL 81±2.556, VLDL
35±1.141 and HDL 21.08±1.172 at 14 day which was closer
to the standard drug total cholesterol 68±2.864, triglycerides
65.33±1.801, phospholipids 75±1.528, LDL 43.83±2.182,
VLDL 24±1.461 and increased level of HDL 28±1.571
antihyperlipidemic results. Standard antihyperlipidemic
agent Simvastatin 10 mg/kg body weight also able to reduce
the elevated serum lipid level towards the normal (Fig. 1).
HPTLC profile of ethanolic extract also reveals the presence
of polyphenolic compound which may be involved in its
antihyperlipidemic activity (Fig. 2) .
There is a close relationship between atherosclerosis and an
increase or decrease of serum lipids, in particular very low-
density lipoprotein and LDL may be risk factors and HDL
may be a protective factor. There was marked increase in the
level of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids,
LDL, VLDL and decrease in the level of good cholesterol
carrier HDL in the animals treated with triton and
atherogenic diet. Elevated level of blood cholesterol especially
LDL was the major risk factor for the coronary heart disease
and HDL as cardio protective protein. The data presented in
this report show that repeated administration of Hibiscus rosa
sinensis flowers ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days
induced a significant reduction of serum cholesterol,
triglycerides, phospholipids, VLDL and LDL as compared to
Fig. 1: Effect of Hibiscus rosa sciensis ethanolic extract on
serum lipids parameters in Diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats
Fig. 2: HPTLC Chromatogram of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
ethanolic extract at 254 nm
Sikarwar Mukesh S et al./ Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
Gro Treatment Values are expressed as mg/dl, Mean±SEM
up Cholesterol Triglycerides Phospholipids
6 hr 24 hr 48 hr 6 hr 24 hr 48 hr 6 hr 24 hr 48 hr
I Normal control 60.83±1.327 68.17 ±1.701 64.66±1.54 2 65.33±2.140 67.16±2.023 64.83±1.701 75.5±3.304 78.33±0.918 74±1.366
(vehicle only)
II Hyperlipidemic 106.5±4.089 260.33±5.925 178.5±3.649 101 ±3.000 208.66±5.469 107.83±3.208 106.5±2.3 20 185.83±2. 600 100.83±2. 482
III Simvastatin 83.67±1.838 ** 176.17±7.56 9** 73.83±2.82 2** 81.5±1.746 ** 172.5±3.631** 79.66±3.981** 91.66±1.7 26** 139.66±1. 333** 80.33±1.4 06**
IV Ethanolic extract 87.33±3.333 ** 186.16±3.20 8** 81±1.932** 85.16±1.956** 175±3.088 83.33±2.186 ** 92.33±1.9 26* 135.83±3. 816** 86±2.769* *
500mg (EEHRS)
Table 1: Effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis ethanolic extract on serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids level in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats
a * **
mg/kg/day for 48 hrs. Values are means±SEM; N=6. Values are statistically significantat P<0.05 and more significant at P<0.01.
ns= not significant, P<0.01vs Hyperlipidemic control.(ANOVA)
Gro Treatment Values are expressed as mg/dl, Mean±SEM
up LDL VLDL HDL
6 hr 24 hr 48 hr 6 hr 24 hr 48 hr 6 hr 24 hr 48 hr
I Normal control 55.5±1.232 57.33 ±0.55 60.16±1.701 21.5±0.428 18.5±0.562 15.16±0.7 49 38.83±1.833 39.66±1.476 44.5±1.945
(vehicle only)
II Hyperlipidemic 105.66±2.319 194.66±3.116 97.66±2.974 29.16±1.138 34.83±2.056 32.83±2.136 18.66±1.687 16.33±2.246 20.33±1.520
III Simvastatin 64.83±2.272 140.66±3.313 66±2.113** 24.33±1.054 27.83±1.49 19±0.730** 31.66±3.509** 25±2.033** 42±2.805**
IV Ethanolic extract 77±2.266* * 152.16±2.072 72.16±2.16 7** 24.33±2.578 27±0.856* 21.33±1.6 26** 26.66±1.585 24.16±1.641** 37±2.366**
500mg (EEHRS)
Table 2: Effect of Hibiscus rosa sinensis ethanolic extract on LDL, VLDL and HDL level in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats
a * **
mg/kg/day for 48 hrs. Values are means±SEM; N=6. Values are statistically significantat P<0.05 and more significant at P<0.01.
ns= not significant, P<0.01vs Hyperlipidemic control.(ANOVA)
Sikarwar Mukesh S et al./ Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
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hyperlipidemic agent in above mentioned hyperlipidemic
models. In comparison to standard drug simvastatin effect of
ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract was less
but comparable notably. Present studies reveal that ethanolic
extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers can be used as effective
antihyperlipidemic agent and can be exploited as
antihyperlipidemic therapeutic agent or adjuvant in existing
therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Further
experiments are required to prove the mechanism and
advantage of this drug over other drugs.
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Address for Correspondence
Sikarwar Mukesh. S, Ph.D. , K L E University, K.L.E.S College of Pharmacy,
Ankola, Karnataka, India
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Sikarwar Mukesh S et al./ Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers in Hyperlipidemic Rats
- CitationsCitations5
- ReferencesReferences5
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: To access the in vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa- sinensis) flower extract against human pathogens. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using disc and agar diffusion methods. The protein was run through poly acrylmide gel electrophoresis to view their protein profile. The results showed that the cold extraction illustrates a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtillis (B. subtillis), Escherichia coli (E. coli) viz., (17.00 ± 2.91), (14.50 ± 1.71) mm, followed by hot extraction against, E. coli, Salmonella sp. as (11.66 ± 3.14), (10.60 ± 3.09) mm. In methanol extraction showed a highest zone of inhibition recorded against B. subtillis, E. coli as (18.86 ± 0.18), (18.00 ± 1.63) mm pursued by ethanol extraction showed utmost zone of inhibition recorded against Salmonella sp. at (20.40 ± 1.54) mm. The crude protein from flower showed a maximum inhibitory zone observed against Salmonella sp., E. coli viz., (16.55 ± 1.16), (14.30 ± 2.86) mm. The flower material can be taken as an alternative source of antibacterial agent against the human pathogens. The extracts of the H. rosa-sinensis are proved to have potential antibacterial activity, further studies are highly need for the drug development.
- "rosa-sinensis) belongs to the family Malvaceae. Traditionally the flowers can be used as anti asthmatic agents [2] [3] . Many chemical constituents such as cyanidin, quercetin, hentriacontane, calcium oxalate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acids have been isolated from this plant. "
Evaluation of comparative antioxidant potential of four cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. by HPLC-DPPH method[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Introduction:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., distributed throughout tropics and subtropics, is useful for various purposes like ornamental, religious and therapeutic. Flowers are believed to possess haematinic and hair growth enhancing properties. At times a single plant may exhibit flowers of two different colours, may be a result of chimiral hybridization. It has dazzling cultivar of forms and colours, however the red coloured flowers are said to be best for medicinal use. The plant is reported to possess antioxidant activity. An attempt has been made to study the comparative antioxidant activity, using HPLC-DPPH method, and total phenolic as well as total flavonoid contents of four cultivars i.e. plants with red, pink, white and yellow coloured flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.Methods: The methanolic extract of the defatted samples was used for the study. The Total Phenolic content was determined by spectrophotometric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent whereas the total flavonoid content was estimated by colorimetric method using aluminium chloride. DPPH free radicals scavenging activity was assessed by HPLC-DPPH method. Results: All the cultivars showed presence of considerable amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and significant antioxidant activity. A noteworthy variation in phytochemical concentration was observed. The red cultivar revealed highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Conclusion: The result of present study indicated the potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers as a natural antioxidant. The data revealed significant variations in phytochemical content among its different cultivars and these variations contribute to their studied bioactivity, i.e. in vitro antioxidant activity.
Comparative study of immunomodulatory and adaptogenic activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extracts in rats[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Objective: The present study was undertaken to study and compare the adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activity of H. rosa sinensis Linn by Forced Swim Test in rats. Methods: Separate groups of rats were administered either one dose level of Ethyl Acetate Extract (EAE) of H. rosa sinensis petals (100 mg/kg) or two dose levels of Standardized Extract of H. rosa sinensis in terms of Cyanidin chloride (SEC4 and SEC8) i.e. 4mg/kg and 8mg/kg respectively. Results: The treatment with EAE and SEC significantly increased mean swim time (MST) and restored back to near normal the levels of enzymes like Alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and other indicators of physical stress like Cholesterol and Triglycerides. Only SEC8 treated group showed significant restoration in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) whereas both SEC4 and SEC8 groups showed significant restoration of Glucose levels as compared to toxicant group. Conclusion: Thus it can be proved that these extracts can increase tolerance to stress and in turn have an immune potentiating action in such situations of severe physical stress.
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