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Carrier was a diamond in the rough
By Bruce Brown
(First in a series on the 2010 inductees into the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame)
Mark Carrier always had the tools. All he needed was someone to put him to work.
Carrier starred in football, basketball and track and field at Church Point High, and that combination of skills translated into All-American status as a Nicholls State University wide receiver, followed by 12 years in the National Football League.
His big break came when Nicholls assistant coach Ron Brown scouted him.
"He was so young," Brown recalled. "At his high school, they didn't really throw the ball. I had a big-time job trying to find if he could do what I said he could do. I went to three games, and in the third one, they faced a third-and-long and finally threw the ball.
"Mark went up and got it, and I¹d seen all I needed to see.
Nicholls was in a throwing mode under coach Sonny Jackson in the 1980's, and Carrier blossomed into a Division I-AA All-American with 147 receptions for 2,709 yards and 24 touchdown, highlighted by his All-American senior year of 1986 (78 catches, 1,513 yards, 20 scores).
"He taught me how to play the game," Carrier said of Brown. "He taught me the things that were in me, and brought them out of me. He pulled the best out of me."
Carrier's best translated easily to the NFL, where he caught 569 passes for 8,763 yards and 48 touchdowns in stops with Tampa Bay, Cleveland and Carolina. His breakout season was 1989 in Tampa, when he achieved Pro Bowl status with 86 catches for 1,422 yards and nine scores.
The numbers and consistent quality were enough to include Carrier in the 2010 Class of the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame. He is joined by longtime prep coach Lee Hedges, LSU and major league pitching star Ben McDonald, UL Monroe basketball coach Mike Vining, La. Tech women¹s basketball star Teresa
Weatherspoon, Nicholls basketball standout Larry Wilson and Mansfield native Orlando Woolridge (Notre Dame) in basketball.
Ceremonies will be held Saturday, June 26 in Natchitoches to culminate the June 24-26 2010 Induction Celebration. For more information and to purchase tickets to the Induction Dinner and Ceremonies, visit the www.lasportshall.com website or call 318-238-4250.
"More than anything, I was surprised and humbled," Carrier said of his Hall of Fame status. "Really, it¹s nothing that I ever thought about. I¹ve been in Florida for a while now. My career took me to Tampa, then Cleveland and then to Carolina.
"I get home often, but I didn¹t know if people remembered me. I¹m honored."
In a class heavy with basketball talent, Carrier is one whose first love was the hardwood.
"Basketball kind of was my sport in high school," he said, "and those skills translated into football -- being athletic, running up and down the court, reacting, jumping, rebounding. They were all helpful as a receiver, as was hand-eye coordination.
"My junior year (at Church Point), I think I had 20 catches," Carrier added. "My senior year, I think I had half that in interceptions. He (Brown) saw in me things statistics couldn¹t show. It wasn¹t about the numbers.
That soon changed, as the wide-open Nicholls State offense threw with calculated abandon with Doug Hudson at quarterback.
"You watched film, and it was a perfect fit for me," Carrier said. "We ran four receivers all the time, which is customary now. I saw myself fitting right in. It was a receiver's dream. Coach Brown molded your talents to fit the system. He didn't change you; just had to perfect your game.
"He put me in the right position to excel."
"Mark listened, and he was intelligent, both in school and on the field," Brown said. "With all the young kids, we would teach how routes change against certain coverages. We taught route-running, which they didn¹t get in high school, and how to be deceptive at it.
"He understood when to do certain things, and he had deceptive speed. When it was time to make plays, he made plays. From the very first day, I felt he could play on Sundays (in the NFL). There was something about him. He was so smooth."
A deep run into the Division I-AA playoffs in 1986 helped showcase Carrier, and helped convince the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to select him in the third round of the 1987 NFL Draft. After a 26-catch rookie season, he averaged 59 receptions for the next five seasons.
"I was invited to the NFL Combine, and did extremely well," Carrier said. "I surprised people. My stock rose when I ran a 4.43 time in the 40. Then after the Combine I started receiving calls."
Ray Perkins was the Buccaneers coach, and his practices were famously hard-nosed.
"It was not the NFL I saw on TV," Carrier said. "I saw camp as (in) shorts, laid-back. But we had three-a-day practices, in Tampa, in the summer. But I figured I could fit in, because we ran a pro-style offense at Nicholls.
"I did learn that this is a business. It's a job, your livelihood, and you have to fight for your job every day."
Instead of playing before his accustomed collegiate crowds of 8,000 fans, Carrier was now playing for 75,000-80,000, and was playing 16-game seasons.
But by his third season, the ex-Colonel was ready to break out.
"I had been into the system for a couple of years, and had learned my role as well as the different styles of coaching," Carrier said. "It began to kick in. I just had to go out and execute it. Plus, (quarterback) Vinny Testaverde and I had worked together a couple of years and were on the same
"I worked hard," Carrier said. "I may not be the fastest, or have the best hands, but I worked and I truly learned the game. I could play any one of four receiver positions. I learned each facet of the position. And I learned defenses.
"I took pride in my work ethic. I got that from my mom."
Brown knew he had a gem long before the world knew Mark Carrier. He even told Carrier's mom that her son would play in the NFL and "get you out of these projects." She thought it was a recruiting tool, but found out he was right.
To have Carrier drafted by the Bucs, in Brown's hometown, added a special touch. Carrier still makes his home in Tampa, and Brown visits frequently for golf games when he¹s in town visiting his family.
Carrier spent two years with the Cleveland Browns, then started over again with the Carolina Panthers and had a 1,000-yard season in 1995. He remained a consistent contributor until his final campaign in 1998.
"With everybody, it's different deciding when to leave the game," Carrier said. "The average (in the NFL) is less than four years. To play 10 is truly a blessing. I was able to walk away healthy. It was time to enjoy my kids, my family and my wife."
"He had the ability to catch the football, and the rest is history," Brown said.


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Alex da Kid on what music he's listening to
After producing one of the most successful alt rock albums of 2012, Imagine Dragons' "Night Visions," producer Alex da Kid is back producing "Don't Look Down," the Interscope Records debut album for Wisconsin-born pop artist and Grammy-nominated songwriter Skylar Grey. Photo provided by Interscope Records. »Read Full Blog Post
Smart staging makes good 'Company' at Theatre Unchained
Putting aside the juicy tax breaks, is marriage worth it?
That's the question on the table in Stephen Sondheim's "Company," and to paraphrase from another Sondheim show, the answers in this great master's work are never easy. »Read Full Article
Top of the Charts: Pharrell Williams celebrates seventh week on top
Seven is the lucky number all around this week, as Pharrell Williams celebrates his seventh consecutive week on top of the Billboard Hot 100 and all of the top seven positions remained locked in position this week. Watch the video for Williams' big hit single below and then let's reset our decades and travel way back in time to see the songs that were the biggest in the land this week in 2000, 1990, 1980 and 1970.
No. 1 hit April 14, 2014 »Read Full Blog Post
On Tap Today: Milwaukee Day, Morgan Freeman and the Brewers
Hey, it's Milwaukee Day. And on this fine 4/14, local band Decibully reunites.
Time flies when you're watching movies. Marcus Theatres celebrate the 20th anniversary of "Shawshank Redemption" with showings beginning today. »Read Full Blog Post

subset: commoncrawl


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Polar Play Kids and Snowman Gingerbread Cookies
Additional Information
Step 1
Prepare and roll out gingerbread dough. Cut 2 kids with the 2nd smallest cutter and snowman with the 2nd largest cutter. Cut out tree. Also cut easels for cookies; for kids cut 1 1/2 x 3/4 in. pieces, for trees, cut 3 1/2 x 2 in. pieces. Bake and cool all cookies.
Step 2
For kids, pipe in snowsuits and gloves with tip 5 zigzags using royal icing (pat smooth with finger dipped in cornstarch). Add tip 5 dot shoes and buttons. Pipe tip 12 ball faces (pat smooth with finger dipped in cornstarch).
Step 3
Add tip 5 hats, building up icing to a triangle. Pipe tip 14 zigzag hatband; add tip 14 rosette pompom. Let dry. Pipe tip 1 dot eyes and string mouths.
Step 4
For broom, roll out yellow gumdrop on flat surface covered with granulated sugar; cut thin strips and attach to pretzel stick with dots of icing.
Step 5
For snowman's hat, roll out a green gumdrop for brim; attach a whole green gumdrop to top with icing. Attach broom and hat to kid cookies.
Step 6
For snowman, cut off arms and legs. Pipe in body and head with tip 12 zigzags (pat smooth with finger dipped in cornstarch). Pipe tip 47 (smooth side up) string scarf. Pipe tip 5 dot eyes, mouth, nose and buttons.
Step 7
For trees, cut spearmint leaves in 4ths with scissors. Attach to tree cookies with dots of icing; attach in groups of 3, with 1 leaf section in the space between the other 2. Pipe tip 5 snow between branches. Bake and attach a 3 1/2 x 2 in. gingerbread easel back for each tree,
Step 8
Cut easel cookies into triangle shapes. Attach to backs of kid and tree cookies with icing; let set. Position cookies.
Royal Blue Icing Color
Kelly Green Icing Color
Christmas Red Icing Color
Orange Icing Color
Black Icing Color
Copper Icing Color (light skin tone)
Meringue Powder
Pretzel Sticks
Gum drops
granulated sugar
Spearmint leaves candy
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Cookie Sheet
Cooling Grid
The Zigzag is a popular way to fill in outlined areas, perfect for ribbed sweater and cuff effects. You can also use tight zigzags to cover the entire side of your cake—they look great!
Pipe dots for flower centers, faces, figure piping and border effects. When making large dots, lift the tip as you squeeze to allow icing to fill out completely.
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Populate your Gingerbread House Village with stand-up cookies made from 3 fun nesting cutter sets. It's fun to personalize these Snowmen, Villagers and Trees with colorful icing, sprinkles and candy. Stand them up with a cardboard easel.
It's the scene-stealer of the season! They Call it Home Cookies create the perfect holiday setting, with favorite Christmas cookie shapes at play around our Pre-Baked Gingerbread House.
Decorating a tree for Christmas has never been sweeter, or easier. Use the Wilton Pre-Baked Gingerbread Tree Kit. Even the star on top and the gifts below are included (in gingerbread, of course!)


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On the second full day of training camp, the San Francisco 49ers went back to the nutcracker drill. But not everyone was there to take part in the man-against-man exercise.
Guard David Baas, recovering from a mild concussion he suffered in practice Monday, attended the morning session but is still undergoing tests and is listed as day to day. Tackle Joe Staley also sat out after reporting in sick with an undisclosed ailment. And three others – linebackers Takeo Spikes and Travis LaBoy and safety Michael Lewis – were off for what the team called "veteran courtesy." Seniority has its benefits.
Baas' absence gave rookie guard Mike Iupati a lengthy opportunity to work with the first unit, while veteran Barry Sims got most of the snaps at left tackle for Staley.
Offensive coordinator Jimmy Raye had been hoping that Iupati and tackle Anthony Davis would get some work with the first team and both are getting their chance. Davis was worked into several plays in place of Adam Snyder at right tackle but struggled at times against linebackers Diyral Briggs and Ahmad Brooks, both of whom beat him during 11-on-11 drills.
Today's nutcracker included two offensive players lined up against two defensive players, and it was clear that tight end Vernon Davis enjoyed himself. He got the best of Brooks during one matchup, then turned to the defense and yelled, "Come get some."
Later, when he was stripped of the ball by linebacker Patrick Willis after a short reception, he heard a chorus of "whoos" from the defense.
The defense had the better performance, although quarterback Alex Smith threw a couple of long balls to speedy wideout Ted Ginn Jr. that went for touchdowns. But Smith was also intercepted by Curtis Taylor on a pass intended for Michael Crabtree, and backup David Carr had one taken away by Shawntae Spencer.


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September 29, 2016
Plant will start up at the end of 2019 and will have the capacity to produce 90,000 metric tons of acetylene per year.
September 26, 2016
Largest market for production and consumption of chemicals.
David Savastano, Editor||September 22, 2016
Conference will provide latest on advances in ink manufacturing, printing and new technologies.
September 6, 2016
BDO and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
September 6, 2016
NPG, HDO prices are scheduled to rise.
August 30, 2016
Move allows BASF to focus on core resins and additives technologies for radiation-curing markets.
August 8, 2016
Attapulgite-based materials provide rheology modification properties.
July 28, 2016
Experienced "robust" demand, particularly from the automotive, construction industries
Lisa Aiuto, Marketing Specialist||July 25, 2016
July 11, 2016
Offers new styling options, greater formulation flexibility.
July 5, 2016
New copolyamide simplifies the production of shrink films.
Kerry Pianoforte, Coatings World Editor||June 30, 2016
Colors & Effects brand bundles BASF's global pigments business.
John Nelson, Smithers Rapra||June 28, 2016
New market data forecasts a healthy year-on-year expansion in world demand for high-performance pigments.
June 20, 2016
BASF increases prices for Neopentylglycol, Trimethylolpropane and 1,6-Hexanediol in Europe,
June 8, 2016
Wayne T. Smith, member of Board of Executive Directors, said company will regularly review prices, market conditions
Sign up now to receive the free weekly newsletter, and more!


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10 posts tagged with pvr.
Displaying 1 through 10 of 10. Subscribe:
Jon and his TiVo
In a strange and incestuous twist of the space-web-time continuum, a fascinating comment about the mechanism by which The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (previOusly.) records every bit of daily news appeared inside a post on PVRBlog, the red-headed stepchild blog of our selfless benefactor, user 1.
Talking to a Human
"You have selected Regicide..." How to get a human on the phone for dozens of IVR systems. And a bonus page for Amazon, e-Bay, and PayPal.
Technology to the Rescue!
Sharp's Dual View LCD Picture in picture isn't new but, by using a parallax barrier superimposed on the LCD, the Sharp Dual View LCD displays two full screen images (Yahoo jpg) simultaneously, you see one or the other depending on your viewing angle.
This could be the end of the battle for the remote control. And no word on the conniptions something like this would give to a PVR.
This could be the end of the battle for the remote control. And no word on the conniptions something like this would give to a PVR.
Do you like fast-forwarding through commercials on a television program you've recorded? How much do you like it? Enough to go to jail if you're caught doing it? If a new copyright and intellectual property omnibus bill sitting on Congress's desk passes, that may be the choice you'll face. Let's hope this legislation goes lame duck like this session of Congress.
Broadcast flag goes into effect 7-1-05
Build your own PVR. Why TiVo when you can freevo? A cool little forum for couch
potatoes warriors.
Next gen TiVo announced. Apparently "by holiday season 2002" we can look forward to broadband, photos, CD storage/playback, streaming audio, VOD, and something called "video party games" on our TiVos. But will my Wishlist ever learn to refresh in under 15 minutes?
TiVo users really hate ads. I mean REALLY hate them, in any incarnation! What to do when their beloved PVR turns on them, for the sake of an advertising partnership? Why, consider a boycott of course! Thankfully, it looks like TiVo's doing the right thing.
ReplayTV, the once-bankrupted main competitor of TiVo got bought by SonicBlue (they made the Rio mp3 player) and they've relaunched, poised to blow the fucking roof off digital tv recording. Ethernet port? Sharing recorded episodes with other units in your house? Trading entire episodes with anyone else over the net? Merging internet content with TV content? Commercial-free taping? It's all here baby. Now will TiVo evolve, or will ReplayTV take the market?
Pity The Poor TV Broadcaster
Pity The Poor TV Broadcaster It was obvious that Personal Video Recorders (like Tivo) were going to make it way easy to skip advertising. What I also realized, though, when talking to Lane about how Buffy is moving from the WB to UPN, is that folks who watch Buffy via a PVR could care less what channel it is on--they just tell the machine to "get me Buffy" and it does the rest. This study seems to affirm that, for a significant portion of the audience, this is true.
Microsoft unleashes their TiVo killer
Microsoft unleashes their TiVo killer and it looks like it has everything you could ever want in a personal video recorder. Two tuners so you can tape one thing and watch another, DSS, 35 hours of recording time, and webtv/email functionality. Is it too much or will TiVo owners want these increased features?
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- Working-Class Perspectives offers weekly commentaries on current issues related to working-class people and communities. Contributors discuss a variety of issues, from what class means to how it intersects with race and gender to how class is shaping American politics. We welcome relevant comments of 500 words or less.
For questions or comments about this blog, e-mail Sherry Linkon. For assistance with news stories about working-class politics and culture, call or e-mail John Russo, 330-207-8085.
The State of the Working ClassListen to Working-Class Perspective editor Sherry Linkon's recent interview about Working-Class Studies on KERA's Think with Krys Boyd.
Category Archives: Working-class politics
Stereotyping White Working-Class Voters
Analysis of the Democrats' 2014 electoral debacle has again turned toward their chronic and worsening "problem with the white working class." For the most part, pieces like those in Mother Jones, Slate, The Nation, and even Thomas Edsall in The … Continue reading
Benefits Street, or the Road to Poverty
I got wet last Thursday, very wet. I was standing on a picket line at my university outside the central administration protesting yet another below inflation wage offer. A one per cent pay raise will mean that my colleagues and … Continue reading
Climate Change as a Class Issue
On a Monday morning a month ago I was sitting on the marble floor of the Squirrel Hill branch of PNC Bank in Pittsburgh, with a circle of activists protesting PNC's financing of mountain-top removal (MTR) coal mining across Appalachia. … Continue reading
What about the Workers?
During the mid-1980s I was a member of the UK Labour Party. One of the most memorable branch meetings I went to – OK there isn't a lot of competition – was after I had finished an early shift on … Continue reading
How Kasich Can Win Ohio Again
In November 2011, I published a New York Times op-ed entitled "How Obama Can Win Ohio Again." Now, with my pundit credentials firmly established (sic), I am opining that Ohio Governor John Kasich will win reelection in 2014. This could … Continue reading
Thatcher and the Working Class: Why History Matters
A kind of class war has broken out on the streets of the UK over the last week or so since the death of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Since her death was announced, the media has been full of … Continue reading
Working-Class Blues
British politics is in a funny place right now when it comes to the question of class, indeed sometimes one can feel like Alice in a looking glass world where nothing is quite what it seems. For thirteen years, from … Continue reading


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BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//220.127.116.11//NONSGML kigkonsult.se iCalcreator 2.20// CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH X-WR-CALNAME:Occupy Oakland X-WR-CALDESC:#OccupyOakland X-FROM-URL:https://occupyoakland.org X-WR-TIMEZONE:America/Los_Angeles BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/Los_Angeles X-LIC-LOCATION:America/Los_Angeles BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20161106T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0700 TZOFFSETTO:-0800 TZNAME:PST END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20160313T020000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0800 TZOFFSETTO:-0700 RDATE:20170312T020000 TZNAME:PDT END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:email@example.com DTSTAMP:20160927T154413Z CATEGORIES;LANGUAGE=en-US:Action\,Event CONTACT: DESCRIPTION:
The Police Accountability Tour\, on the road from mid-August
until December\, will maximize police accountability by facilitating conn
ections and collaboration among those who know that badges don't grant ext
ra rights\, and through skill sharing and the capturing and dissemination
of relevant content.
\nThis tour will help further connect individual s involved with Cop Block\, Cop Watch\, and Peaceful Streets groups as wel l as all police-watching groups and people around the world\, so we can to gether advance a reality free from institutionalized violence.
On Saturday\, Oct. 12th we'll have a meetup and patrol in the Mission area of San Francisco. If you're around you should come on out! There will be a g ood crew present\, lots of good information and ideas shared throughout th e night\, and almost certainly there will emerge some solid connections an d working relationships.\n
n Saturday\, Oct. 19th two short document aries will be screened at New Parkway Theater – Manufacturing Guilt: A Short Film on the Innocence of Mumia Abu-Jamal and The Battle f or Oscar Grant Plaza: OPD's War Against Occupy Oakland.\n
Check back here for exact location of meetup.\n
More info.\n
Berke ley Cop Watch.\n


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Tonight show skit succeeds with real-life couple
When Jay Leno ventures out of the studio to speak with real people the results are often, well, lame.
Not so for a recent "Tonight Show" segment called "Pumpcast News." The fictional news anchor at the pump (yeah, when did that start?) asks an unsuspecting couple to sing for him. But what follows is an introduction to the world's happiest made-for-primetime couple. »Read Full Article
Singles Scorecard: Hear new songs from Brantley Gilbert, Tiesto and St. Vincent
Brantly Gilbert, pictured here opening for Tim McGraw at Summerfest earlier this year, is back with a new song "Bottoms Up." Journal Sentinel photo by Rick Wood. »Read Full Blog Post
These people, moments made pop culture pop in 2013
Miley Cyrus didn't get a Grammy nomination. "Duck Dynasty" was snubbed by the Emmys. And "Anchorman 2" won't be staying classy at the Oscars.
But in our eyes, they're award-worthy. Because love 'em or hate 'em, millions talked (or tweeted) about them. And along with North West and 'N Sync, "Breaking Bad" and Paula Deen breaking down, they made pop culture pop in 2013. »Read Full Article(1)
Reading the John Updike stories: 'Incest'
I'm reading and commenting on a story from The Library of America's recently published 'John Updike: The Collected Stories' each Wednesday until I finish the collection or give up.
The provocatively titled "Incest" returns us to a familiar situation in the early John Updike stories: A tired young husband home from work, a tired, bored young wife who's not getting any juice from him. »Read Full Blog Post
On Tap Today: birds, pinball, art and technology
You have to love that there are people in Wisconsin who get up early to look at birds in December. You could be one of them today, if you care to.
Afterward, we recommend warming up indoors and the contemplation of doings that require fewer layers. For instance, why not read arts and books editor Jim Higgins weekly take on John Updike's short stories. He posts his musings each Wednesday at 8 a.m. at the "Recommended Reading" blog. »Read Full Blog Post


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A group of tablets or touch screens form a powerful and cost-effective in-house media which you can use to distribute your messages or to collect valuable information about your customers. Roidu is a cloud service platform which makes it easy to remotely manage mobile devices, content and interactions. You can have just a few devices in one location or hundreds of devices in your different locations anywhere in the world. With Roidu you can lock the tablets in kiosk mode, monitor device status and form device groups for different messaging. Roidu is beneficial for any business that uses customer facing devices and wants to control them remotely.Software
Roidu provides surveys for retail, healthcare, hotels, restaurants and other service locations by using iPads and Android tablets. By using our tablet solution you can collect impulse feedback or research your customers more thoroughly to find out what they liked or why they were not satisfied.Read more
Roidu is a platform that enables the execution of digital marketing activities on tablets and touch screen devices located in stores and service points. It allows retailers to create and publish promotional offers, enriched product information, brand advertising, contests, videos or any other messaging which could appeal your customers and generate more revenue.Read more
Our tablet based solution enables collecting the leads in digital format. All data is directly stored on a cloud service which allows immediate nurturing, and integration to your CRM if needed. By using well designed lead capture content you can ensure that your sales reps are always asking all the important questions when they meet new customers. Our solution can be used both on hand-held devices and kiosks.


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In-ear around 100 USD for metalcore
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Ramazzini Days
Ramazzini Award
Executive Council
Fees and Donations
The Collegium Ramazzini releases its19th Statement: A New Approach to the Control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Register for Ramazzini Days online from 18 July to 18 September
Quebec's National Assembly Recognizes Activist Kathleen Ruff
The Asian Asbestos Initiative (AAI) recognized as WHO success story
Questions? Comments! Mail to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Most Cited Scientia Horticulturae Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, mineral nutrition, antioxidant enzymes activity and fruit yield of tomato grown under salinity stressArafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef | He Chaoxing
Volume 127, Issue 3, January 2011, Pages 228-233
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying alleviation of salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Zhongzha105) plants were cultivated in soil with 0, 50 and 100. mM NaCl. Mycorrhization alleviated salt induced reduction of root colonization, growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit fresh weight and fruit yield. The concentrations of P and K were higher in AM compared with nonAM plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions. Na concentration was lower in AM than nonAM plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions. AMF colonization was accompanied by an enhancement of activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of both salt-affected and control plants. In addition, inoculation with AMF caused reduction in MDA content in comparison to salinized plants, indicating lower oxidative damage in the colonized plants.In conclusion, AMF may protect plants against salinity by alleviating the salt induced oxidative stress. © 2010.
The effects of red, blue, and white light-emitting diodes on the growth, development, and edible quality of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata)Kuan Hung Lin | Meng Yuan Huang | Wen Dar Huang | Ming Huang Hsu | Zhi Wei Yang | Chi Ming Yang
Volume 150, Issue , February 2013, Pages 86-91
Previous studies demonstrated that the combination of red (R) and blue (B) LED light was an effective light source for plant growth and development, and the light spectra, intensities, and durations can easily be controlled by growers in artificial growing environments. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the influences of three different qualities of light on plant biomass and accumulation of chlorophylls (chl), carotenoids (car), soluble proteins and sugars, and nitrates in the leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata). The marketable sensory characteristics (crispness, sweetness, shape, and color) of fresh plants were also evaluated. Plants were hydroponically cultured with a 16-h photoperiod at 24/20°C (day/night), 75% relative humidity, 900μmolmol-1 CO2 level, and 210μmolm-2s-1 photon flux density under RB LED, RB and white (RBW) LED, and a fluorescent lamp (FL, as a control) inside growth chambers for 20 days (15 days after sowing). The shoot and root fresh and dry weights as well as the crispness, sweetness, and shape of the plants treated with RBW and FL were higher than those of plants treated with RB. The soluble sugar and nitrate contents in plants grown under RBW treatment were significantly higher and lower, respectively, compared to those under RB treatment. However, the chl, car, and soluble protein contents of lettuce leaves showed no significant differences among treatments. These results demonstrate that supplemental light quality can be strategically used to enhance the nutritional value and growth of lettuce plants grown under RBW LED lights. Precise management of the irradiance and wavelength may hold promise in maximizing the economic efficiency of plant production, quality, and nutrition potential of vegetables grown in controlled environments. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Dormancy in temperate fruit trees in a global warming context: A reviewJ. A. Campoy | D. Ruiz | J. Egea
Volume 130, Issue 2, September 2011, Pages 357-372
Dormancy is the mechanism that plants use to protect sensitive tissue from unfavourable climatic conditions. In a changing global environment, temperate fruit crop adaptation might be at risk due to changes in temperature cues. A complete picture of dormancy is shown in this review, using results from the early, pioneering work to the molecular basis, also emphasising dormancy modelling and measurement and their implication in temperate fruit production. This description is completed by the variability that climatic change might induce in plants through direct or indirect changes in dormancy. Future avenues for the correct adaptation of temperate fruit crops are proposed that span basic questions, from temperate fruit distribution to more-applied questions of dormancy, such as application of rest-breaking agents, depth-of-dormancy markers, breeding strategies, cross-pollination and host-pest interaction. In the context of global climate change, a linkage among the cited fields is intended in this review in order to raise awareness in the scientific community. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effects of deficit irrigation on biomass, yield, water productivity and fruit quality of processing tomato under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditionsCristina Patanè | Simona Tringali | Orazio Sortino
Volume 129, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 590-596
Processing tomato is a high water demanding crop, thus requiring irrigation throughout growing season in arid and semiarid areas. The application of deficit irrigation (DI) strategies to this crop may greatly contribute to save irrigation water. A two-year study was carried out in order to assess the effects of DI upon water productivity, final biomass, fruit yield and some quality traits of open-field processing tomato cv. Brigade in a typical semi-arid Mediterranean environment of South Italy. Four irrigation treatments were studied: no irrigation following plant establishment (V0); 100% (V100) or 50% (V50) evapotranspiration (ETc) restoration up to fruit maturity, 100% ETc restoration up to flowering, then 50% ETc restoration (V100-50). Total dry biomass accumulation was significantly depressed by early soil water deficit in V0; irrigation at a reduced rate (50% ETc) from initial stages (V50) or from flowering onwards (V100-50) did not induce any losses in final dry biomass. The marketable yield did not significantly differ among plots irrigated, but an averaged irrigation water saving of 30.4% in V100-50 and 46.2% in V50 was allowed as compared to V100. Marketable yield was negatively affected by the early water shortage in V0, due to the high fruit losses (>44%). The effects of DI on fruit quality were generally the converse of those on fruit yield. DI improved total soluble solids content, titratable acidity and vitamin C content. Water use efficiency was positively affected by DI, suggesting that the crop does not benefits from the water when this last is supplied to fulfil total crop requirements for the whole season. Yield response factor, which indicates the level of tolerance of a crop to water stress, was 0.49 for total dry biomass (Kss) and 0.76 for marketable yield (Ky), indicating that in both cases the reduction in crop productivity is proportionally less than the relative ET deficit. In conclusion, the adoption of DI strategies where a 50% reduction of ETc restored is applied for the whole growing season or part of it could be suggested in processing tomato, to save water improving its use efficiency, minimizing fruit losses and maintaining high fruit quality levels. This aspect is quite important in semi-arid environments, where water scarcity is an increasing concern and water costs are continuously rising. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of sucrose and mannitol on the accumulation of health-promoting compounds and the activity of metabolic enzymes in broccoli sproutsRongfang Guo | Gaofeng Yuan | Qiaomei Wang
Volume 128, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 159-165
The contents of ascorbic acid, glucosinolates, sulforaphane, anthocyanins, total phenolics, the activity of myrosinase and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and the antioxidant activity of broccoli sprouts grown under 88. mM and 176. mM of sucrose and mannitol were investigated. The results showed that the contents of sulforaphane, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins in broccoli sprouts were significantly increased after treatment with 88. mM of sucrose compared with the control. The contents of glucosinolates and total phenolics, the activity of PAL and the antioxidant activity in broccoli sprouts treated with 176. mM sucrose were also significantly increased, whereas the activity of myrosinase was significantly reduced. On the other hand, the contents of glucosinolate, sulforaphane and total phenolics in broccoli sprouts were also significantly increased after treatment with 176. mM of mannitol, although the contents of sulforaphane were markedly reduced compared to those treated with 176. mM of sucrose. Sucrose might induce the production of health-promoting compounds through its role of signaling, generating osmotic pressure or serving as a substrate. These results indicate that sucrose treatment could improve the nutritional value of broccoli, and the sprouts growing under adequate concentration of sucrose could benefit our diet by producing more health-promoting compounds. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in mango fruitsXiaowei Ma | Hongxia Wu | Liqin Liu | Quansheng Yao | Songbiao Wang | Rulin Zhan | Shanshan Xing | Yigang Zhou
Volume 129, Issue 1, May 2011, Pages 102-107
Fruit of eight mango genotypes were evaluated for antioxidant potential by several biochemical assays (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, FRAP, SASR and MCC) and tested for their polyphenol composition and vitamin C contents. The significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of Tainong 1 fruits were significantly higher than that of other genotypes, which was about 2.1-6.3-fold higher than Guifei assayed in ABTS, DPPH, ORAC and FRAP methods. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents showed a great variety amongst mango genotypes and highly correlation with the total antioxidant capacity. It is concluded that significant genotypic difference exists in the total antioxidant capacity of mango fruits. Both total polyphenols and flavonoids are major contributors to the total antioxidant capacity in mango fruit. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Influence of time of harvest and maturity index on olive oil yield and qualityArnon Dag | Zohar Kerem | Nir Yogev | Issac Zipori | Shimon Lavee | Eric Ben-David
Volume 127, Issue 3, January 2011, Pages 358-366
Harvesting plays a major role in the virgin olive oil production line, being the most expensive single component, but also due to its significant effect on the whole year's produce. Previous studies have focused on the effects of harvest timing on either oil yield or quality. Here we determined the separate and combined effects of harvesting date, fruit maturation, cultivar and fruit load on olive oil quality and quantity. Cultivars typical to the Middle East region were selected: the traditional cv. Souri and the newer cv. Barnea, grown under intensive conditions. The results demonstrate fundamental differences between the two cultivars with respect to harvest strategy. In high-yielding 'Barnea', oil accumulation continued throughout the ripening season resulting in increasing yield of oil with time while maintaining high quality. Hence, exploiting the production potential in 'Barnea' requires late harvest and advanced fruit maturity. However, in heavily loaded 'Souri', oil accumulation was accompanied by early massive shedding of fruits. Furthermore, late harvest and advanced maturation in 'Souri' were associated with a sharp increase in free fatty acids combined with a rapid decline in polyphenol content, and in MUFA to PUFA and saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratios, all resulting in loss of oil quality. Rapid decline in oil yield coupled with deterioration of oil quality call for early harvesting at low maturity index in 'Souri'. In medium-yielding trees of both cultivars, maturation progressed more rapidly, resulting in earlier harvest to utilize optimal oil potential. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of selected fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions from the eastern Mediterranean region of TurkeyOguzhan Çalişkan | A. Aytekin Polat
Volume 128, Issue 4, May 2011, Pages 473-478
Fig has been a typical fruit component of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for a very long time. Phytochemical characters and antioxidant capacity of green-, yellow-, brown-, purple-, and black-fruited fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions were investigated. In this study, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables (such as L*, a*, C*, and hue°) describing fruit skin colors were examined. Also, the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fig fruits was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol and anthocyanin (r=0.74 and 0.63, respectively) contents of fruits. Black fig accessions had the highest TAC (range of 7.9-16.1, mean 12.4 Fe2+mmol/kg FW), TA (range of 32.3-356.0, mean 128.4μg cy-3-rutinoside/g FW), and TP content (range of 69.1-220.0, mean 118.9mg GAE/100g FW). These black-fruited accessions had 2-fold greater TAC, 15-fold greater TA, and 2.5-fold greater TP than green and yellow fig accessions. However, the FRUC, GLUC, and SUC content of brown and purple fig accessions were higher than those of other color groups. The predominant sugars present were fructose (∼56%) and glucose (∼43%), as determined by HPLC. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on growth, yield, antioxidant system and cadmium content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants under salinity and cadmium stressMostafa M. Rady
Volume 129, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 232-237
The plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in the presence of NaCl and/or CdCl 2 and were sprayed with 5μM of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) and were sampled at 30 DAT and at the end of experiment. The plants exposed to NaCl and/or CdCl 2 exhibited a significant decline in growth, the level of pigment parameters, green pod yield and pod protein. However, the follow up treatment with EBL detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and/or CdCl 2 and significantly improved the above parameters. The NaCl and/or CdCl 2 increased electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and plant Cd 2+ content, and decreased the membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content. However, the EBL treatment in absence of the stress improved the MSI and relative water content and minimized plant Cd 2+ content but could not influence electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. The antioxidative enzymes and the level of proline exhibited a significant increase in response to EBL as well as to NaCl and/or CdCl 2 stress. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Changes in physical properties, chemical and elemental composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (cv. Ruby) fruit at five maturity stagesOlaniyi A. Fawole | Umezuruike Linus Opara
Volume 150, Issue , February 2013, Pages 37-46
This study was conducted to investigate the physical and compositional changes as well as antioxidant properties of pomegranate fruit (cv. Ruby) at five distinct maturity stages between 54 and 139 days after full bloom (DAFB). Physico-chemical properties such as fruit mass, size, juiciness, colour, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), individual organic acids and sugars, and phenolic composition were investigated. Mineral element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) while total antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH scavenging activity (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP). Results showed that major compositional changes in fruit are developmentally regulated. Significant increases in total soluble solids (TSS), sugars (glucose and fructose) and anthocyanins composition, coupled with significant decline in titratable acidity (TA), organic acids and total phenolics occurred with advancing maturity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fruit at advanced maturity stages (132 and 139 DAFB) were characterized by intense peel and aril pigmentation and better juice quality. PCA results also showed that peel and aril colour attributes and indices of sugar/acid ratio (TSS/TA and BrimA index) could be useful measures of fruit maturity and ripeness for 'Ruby' pomegranate cultivar, and therefore might be suitable for the development of reliable fruit maturity index to assess fruit optimal maturity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit during cold storageKeqian Hong | Jianghui Xie | Lubin Zhang | Dequan Sun | Deqiang Gong
Volume 144, Issue , September 2012, Pages 172-178
The effect of chitosan coating on physiochemical characteristics of 'pearl' guava fruit was investigated. The fruit were treated with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% chitosan coatings, respectively, and then stored at 11°C and 90-95% RH. Treatment with 2.0% chitosan significantly reduced firmness and weight loss, delayed changes in chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and soluble solids content (SSC), and retarded the loss of titratable acidity (TA) and vitamin C during 12 days of storage. This treatment could induce a significant increase in the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and inhibited superoxide free radical (O 2-) production. It was suggested that effects of chitosan on increase of antioxidant ability might be beneficial in delaying ripening process in guava fruit during cold storage. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique in horticultural research: A reviewElisa Gorbe | Angeles Calatayud
Volume 138, Issue , May 2012, Pages 24-35
Chlorophyll fluorescence is a rapid, non-destructive and inexpensive technique that has been used successfully in the evaluation of plant photosynthetic activity. However, this technique has been based on point measurements, and the habitual heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity over the leaf surface makes this approach highly error prone. The development of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) overcomes this problem while including the advantages of non-imaging chlorophyll fluorescence. CFI permits the study of the spatial-temporal heterogeneities in the fluorescence emission pattern within cells, leaves or whole plants. In horticultural research, it has been mainly applied in the diagnosis of biotic or abiotic stresses in both preharvest and postharvest conditions. CFI has a useful potential to detect stresses before visual symptoms appear, which is ideal in screening of genotypes for the early identification of those with high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This review provides an overview of the application of CFI in horticultural research, highlighting how CFI can be used for these purposes and in which subjects it can be applied in the future. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Climate change impacts on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut production: A reviewEike Luedeling
Volume 144, Issue , September 2012, Pages 218-229
Temperate fruit and nut species require exposure to chilling conditions in winter to break dormancy and produce high yields. Adequate winter chill is an important site characteristic for commercial orchard operations, and quantifying chill is crucial for orchard management. Climate change may impact winter chill. With a view to adapting orchards to climate change, this review assesses the state of knowledge in modelling winter chill and the performance of various modelling approaches. It then goes on to present assessments of past and projected future changes in winter chill for fruit growing regions and discusses potential adaptation strategies. Some of the most common approaches to modelling chill, in particular the Chilling Hours approach, are very sensitive to temperature increases, and have also been found to perform poorly, especially in warm growing regions. The Dynamic Model offers a more complex but also more accurate alternative, and use of this model is recommended. Chill changes projected with the Dynamic Model are typically much less severe than those estimated with other models. Nevertheless, projections of future chill consistently indicate substantial losses for the warmest growing regions, while temperate regions will experience relatively little change, and cold regions may even see chill increases. Growers can adapt to lower chill by introducing low-chill cultivars, by influencing orchard microclimates and by applying rest-breaking chemicals. Given substantial knowledge gaps in tree dormancy, accurate models are still a long way off. Since timely adaptation is essential for growers of long-lived high-value perennials, alternative ways of adaptation planning are needed. Climate analogues, which are present-day manifestations of future projected climates, can be used for identifying and testing future-adapted species and cultivars. Horticultural researchers and practitioners should work towards the development and widespread adoption of better chill accumulation and dormancy models, for facilitating quantitatively appropriate adaptation planning. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Impact of germination time and type of illumination on the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant capacity of Lens culinaris sproutsMichał Świeca | Urszula Gawlik-Dziki | Dariusz Kowalczyk | Urszula Złotek
Volume 140, Issue , June 2012, Pages 87-95
Lentil sprouts have the potential to be an effective dietary source of polyphenolics. The effects of different illumination conditions of germination on the content of polyphenolics and antioxidant capacities of lentils sprouts have been studied. Obtained results indicated that both germination and illumination conditions modified the polyphenolic profiles and biological activity. Studies have shown that phenolic phytochemicals can be stimulated by cultivation under continuous light; a significant increase in . p-hydroxybenzoic, benzoic, caffeic acids content on days 3 and 4 after germination was observed. Antioxidant activity of sprouts was correlated with phenolics content and closely depended on the cultivation conditions. To achieve lentil sprouts with enhanced nutraceutical value (antioxidant potential), germination in the presence of continuous light can be suggested. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of different jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars grown in loess plateau of ChinaQing Han Gao | Pu Te Wu | Jia Ren Liu | Chun Sen Wu | John W. Parry | Min Wang
Volume 130, Issue 1, August 2011, Pages 67-72
The physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of the five main jujube varieties: Junzao, Lingbaozao, Jinzao, Zanhuangzao and Lizao collected from loess plateau of China were determined. The analyzed components included fruit yield, moisture content, total mass per fruit, pH, titratable acidity (TA), reducing sugars, total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and several pure phenolic compounds. The output of the analyses showed higher amounts of ascorbic acid and phenolics in these jujube varieties than in some common fruits. The antioxidative capacity of the jujube extracts, evaluated with the reducing power, the β-carotene bleaching, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH•), and the 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS•+) scavenging methods, showed that the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Lingbaozao was excellent for free radical scavenging and a potent natural antioxidant of commercial value. Statistically significant differences were observed between jujube cultivars investigated with regards to the measured parameters except rutin content of fruit. These results demonstrated that the cultivar was the main factor which influences the physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of jujubes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Exploitation of SSR, SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers for genetic diversity of Citrus germplasm collectionMohamed Hamdy Amar | Manosh Kumar Biswas | Zongwen Zhang | Wen Wu Guo
Volume 128, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 220-227
The present study was to assess informativeness and efficiency of three different molecular markers for genetic diversity among 24 Citrus and its relative species. Sixty one SSR, 33 SRAP and 24 CAPS-SNP markers were used to evaluate the level of polymorphism and discriminating capacity. A total of 596, 656 and 135 polymorphic amplicons were observed in SSR, SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers with average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.97, 0.98 and 0.89, respectively. High levels of polymorphism were recorded for SSR and SRAP compared with CAPS-SNP markers. The highest correlations (r= 0.930) were obtained between SSR and SRAP markers, whereas SSR and CAPS-SNP were poorly correlated (r= 0.833). Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendrograms using UPGMA. And the dendrogram from SSR data was most congruent with the general dendrogram. These findings provide basis for future efficient use of these molecular markers in the genetic analysis of Citrus and its relatives. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Determination of fruit chemical properties of Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L. by HPLCM. Gundogdu | F. Muradoglu | R. I Gazioglu Sensoy | H. Yilmaz
Volume 132, Issue 1, December 2011, Pages 37-41
This study was carried out to determine the organic acid content, phenolic compound content, sugar content, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content and total antioxidant capacity of white mulberry (Morus alba L.), black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) and red mulberry (Morus rubra L.) fruits grown in Van province of Turkey. It was determined that the chief organic acid in these mulberry species was malic acid ranging from 1.32 to 4.47g 100g-1fw, followed by citric acid ranging from 0.39 to 1.08g 100g-1fw. Looking at the contents of phenolic compound, chlorogenic acid and rutin had come to the fore ranging from 0.12 to 3.11mgg-1fw and from 0.85 to 1.42mgg-1fw, respectively. Fruit glucose contents of the studied species were higher than their fructose contents, varying between 6.07 and 7.75g 100g-1fw. Total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C contents of the mulberry species ranged from 4.49 to 13.99μmol TEg-1fw and from 11.30 to 24.42mg 100g-1fw, respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of seawater concentration on the productivity and nutritional value of annual Salicornia and perennial Sarcocornia halophytes as leafy vegetable cropsYvonne Ventura | Wegi A. Wuddineh | Malika Myrzabayeva | Zerekbay Alikulov | Inna Khozin-Goldberg | Muki Shpigel | Tzachi M. Samocha | Moshe Sagi
Volume 128, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 189-196
The halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salt conditions. Two annual Salicornia and two perennial Sarcocornia ecotypes were investigated for yield production and nutritional value in response to different seawater concentrations in the irrigation solution. A harvest schedule based on a three-week cycle gave better productivity than a two-week or a four-week cycle. Total yield declined with increasing percentage of seawater above 50% in the irrigation water, however annual plants had always ca 2-3-fold higher fresh biomass in comparison to their perennial counterparts. Increased percentages of seawater in the irrigation solution had the following effects on ion concentrations in the shoots: no change in Ca2+ and Mg2+, a slight increase in K+, and marked elevations in Na+ and Cl-. Importantly, total polyphenol, β-carotene and ureides, all known for their antioxidant capacities, rose with increasing seawater percentage, findings that indicated improved nutritional values for Salicornia and Sarcocornia irrigated with high concentrations of seawater. Impressively, both the annual Salicornia and the perennial Sarcocornia ecotypes exhibited high total shoot lipid contents of up to 2.41 and 2.06mgg-1 fresh weight, respectively, which included an omega-3 fraction of 47.6 and 41.2% of the total fatty acid content. Moreover, the high fatty acid content of the annual Salicornia ecotype was not significantly affected by increasing seawater concentrations. In this study, we thus demonstrated the feasibility of cultivating Salicornia and Sarcocornia by applying a multiple harvest system and 100% percentages of seawater in the irrigation water generating economic yields with high nutritional value. The findings also showed that Salicornia and Sarcocornia leafy vegetables may attract additional interest as an alternative source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for human consumption, even when the crop irrigated solely with seawater. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effects of light intensity on the growth and leaf development of young tomato plants grown under a combination of red and blue lightXiao Xue Fan | Zhi Gang Xu | Xiao Ying Liu | Can Ming Tang | Li Wen Wang | Xue lin Han
Volume 153, Issue , April 2013, Pages 50-55
We used red light-emitting diodes (LEDs, R) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs, B) to obtain the different light intensities of uniform spectra and investigated the effects of different light intensities on growth and leaf development of young tomato plants. The results showed that fresh weight, dry weight, stem diameter and health index were superior in plants grown under 300, 450 and 550μmolm-2s-1. The energy efficiency was highest under 300μmolm-2s-1. When photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) increased from 50 to 550μmolm-2s-1, a decrease in the specific leaf area (SLA) was observed. Under 300 and 450μmolm-2s-1, the thickness of leaves, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were the bigger, and the stomatal frequency and stomatal area per unit leaf area were also higher. The highest net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was observed under 300μmolm-2s-1. Our results implied that, compared to other light treatments, 300μmolm-2s-1 was more suitable for the culture of young tomato plants and there was no substantial gain from a PPFD above 300μmolm-2s-1. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of water deficit on Merlot grape tannins and anthocyanins across four seasonsBarbara Bucchetti | Mark A. Matthews | Luigi Falginella | Enrico Peterlunger | Simone D. Castellarin
Volume 128, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 297-305
Tannins and anthocyanins impart important sensory attributes and potential health benefits in wine. The effect of water deficits (WDs) on fruit growth, anthocyanins, and skin tannins was investigated in field grown Vitis vinifera L. 'Merlot' berries across four seasons (2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008) by imposing deficits from the onset of ripening until maturity. WD reduced berry weight and increased the concentration of anthocyanins all four seasons, and increased the concentration of tannins three of four seasons. Under WD, anthocyanin concentration at harvest (mg/g of berry fresh weight) was 53.0-61.6% greater than in Controls (C), and anthocyanin content (mg/berry) was 28.7-35.3% greater than in C. By contrast, WD increased tannin concentration (mg/g of berry fresh weight) at harvest by 12.6-36.9% compared to C in 2004, 2005, and 2008, and did not influence the concentration in 2007. Tannin content (mg/berry) at harvest was unaffected except in 2004 when it was 25.7% greater than in C. Thus, water deficits consistently increased anthocyanin concentration by increasing content per berry and reducing fruit growth, but increased tannin concentration less and only by reducing fruit growth, except in one year where the tannin content was increased. These results demonstrate that management of vine water deficit during ripening is a much more effective tool to increase anthocyanins than tannins in Merlot grapes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
In vitro induced tetraploid of Dendranthema nankingense (Nakai) Tzvel. shows an improved level of abiotic stress toleranceSiyu Liu | Sumei Chen | Yu Chen | Zhiyong Guan | Dongmei Yin | Fadi Chen
Volume 127, Issue 3, January 2011, Pages 411-419
The tetraploid of Dendranthema nankingense (Nakai) Tzvel. was induced by the colchicine treatment using nodal segments. Ploidy level was determined by an analysis of flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The morphological characteristics such as the stomata, leaves, flowers and pollen grains of the tetraploid were significantly larger than those of the diploid. The tolerance responses of the diploid and tetraploid were compared under the imposition of heat, cold, drought and salinity stress. Semi-lethal temperatures suggest that cold tolerance is improved by polyploidization, but the heat tolerance is reduced. Under drought and salt stress, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and relative water content (RWC) in the tetraploid were higher than those in the diploid. Accordingly its malondialdehyde (MDA) content maintained a lower level. The content of chlorophyll (a. +. b) in the tetraploid was higher, and decrease of its content was postponed in tetraploid compared with the diploid under salt stress. It suggested that polyploidization could alleviate oxidative stress, maintain good water balance and higher chlorophyll (a. +. b) content, thereby enhanced the drought and salt tolerance in colchicine induced tetraploid. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes in IranHamid Hassanpour | Hamidoghli Yousef | Hajilo Jafar | Adlipour Mohammad
Volume 129, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 459-463
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a naturally growing dogwood species in Arasbaran (East Azerbaijan, Iran). Antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanins, total phenols, ascorbic acid and total flavnoids of a number of selected cornelian cherry genotypes were investigated. The total phenolic and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of cornelian cherry fruits were determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH method, respectively. The range of ascorbic acid content of genotypes was 183.25-299.5. mg/100. g fresh weight (FW). Genotype C24 had the highest total antioxidant capacity (82.37) and total phenolic (2695.75. mg galic acid per 100. g FW basis). The highest total anthocyanin was observed in C27 genotype (442.11. mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100. g FW). This genotype also had the highest total flavonoid (669. mg catechin per 100. g FW basis). There are linear relationships between the antioxidant capacities with total phenols, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid. But, No statistically significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and total anthocyanins. According to Path analysis, the highest direct effect on antioxidant was observed in total flavonoid (0.38). The present study demonstrates the potential of certain cornelian cherry genotypes, notably C24 and C27, for improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programs. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of high-lycopene tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars grown in Southern ItalyRiadh Ilahy | Chafik Hdider | Marcello S. Lenucci | Imen Tlili | Giuseppe Dalessandro
Volume 127, Issue 3, January 2011, Pages 255-261
In this study, the antioxidant components and of six high-lycopene (Lyco 1, Lyco 2, HLY 02, HLY 13, HLY 18 and Kalvert) and one ordinary (Donald) tomato cultivars (cvs) grown simultaneously in an open-field of the Southern Italy were investigated. Lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and total vitamin C (AsA. +. DHA) contents, as well as hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities (HAA and LAA) were determined. Significant differences were detected among tomato cvs in all studied antioxidant components, as well as in the antioxidant activity of their hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions. High-lycopene tomato cvs showed higher lycopene, β-carotene, HAA and LAA when compared to cv Donald. Cv HLY 18 showed the highest lycopene and β-carotene content with 232.9. mg/kg fresh weight (fw) and 19.4. mg/kg fw, respectively. Except for Kalvert, high-lycopene tomato cvs also obtained higher total vitamin C levels, with cv HLY 13 top ranking with an average of 352.8. mg/kg fw. LAA ranged from 133.5. μM Trolox/100. g fw in cv Donald to 540.1. μM Trolox/100. g fw in cv Lyco 2 and was significantly correlated to lycopene (r= 0.53; p<. 0.01) and β-carotene (r= 0.56; p<. 0.01) contents. A variation between 2.7- and 4.0-fold was found in LAA of high-lycopene tomato cvs compared to Donald. HAA was significantly correlated to the amount of DHA (r= 0.61; p<. 0.01) and total vitamin C (r= 0.60; p<. 0.01). Although these data require confirmation over a longer period of time, this investigation suggests a promising use of the high-lycopene tomato cvs for the production of tomatoes with higher nutritional quality. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
AMF-induced tolerance to drought stress in citrus: A reviewQiang Sheng Wu | A. K. Srivastava | Ying Ning Zou
Volume 164, Issue , December 2013, Pages 77-87
Citrus is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops, whose rhizosphere inhabits a class of beneficial fungi, popularly known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Different species of AMF viz., Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Pacispora, Sclerocystis, and Scutellospora have been observed to colonize citrus roots for the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, where both the symbiotic partners are mutually benefited (up to 20% of photosynthetic carbohydrates from the host plant is diverted toward the growth of AM, in the exchange of water and nutrient uptake from the fungal partner to the host plant). AM symbiosis can usually confer better plant growth, higher nutrient uptake, greater tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and soil structure improvement in the host plant. Meanwhile, AM-inoculated citrus plants have shown greater tolerance to drought stress (DS). Drought stress strongly restricted both the development of non-AM-citrus and the mycorrhizal development of AM-citrus, but AM colonization produced a positive effect on plant growth and photosynthesis, even under DS. This review provides an overview of possible mechanisms involved in DS tolerance through improved water and nutrient uptake (especially P nutrition) using extraradical hyphal growth; effective spatial configuration of root system; elevated concentration of tetramine spermine; osmotic adjustment through non-structural carbohydrates, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, but not proline; scavenging reactive oxygen species through antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants; and glomalin-bound soil structural improvements, besides, some new exciting perspectives including water transport by mycorrhizal hyphae and molecular analysis are suggested. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Chemical compositions and insecticidal effects of essential oils isolated from Achillea gypsicola, Satureja hortensis, Origanum acutidens and Hypericum scabrum against broadbean weevil (Bruchus dentipes)Elif Tozlu | Ahmet Cakir | Saban Kordali | Goksel Tozlu | Hakan Ozer | Tulay Aytas Akcin
Volume 130, Issue 1, August 2011, Pages 9-17
The essential oils of aerial parts of Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor., Hypericum scabrum L., Satureja hortensis L., and Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Letswaart were analyzed in this study by GC and GC-MS and their oils were tested for toxicity against broadbean weevil (Bruchus dentipes). A. gypsicola oil contained camphor (40.17%), 1,8-cineole (22.01%), piperitone (11.29%), borneol (9.50%) and α-terpineol (1.56%) as major components. A total of 74 components were identified by GC-MS in H. scabrum oil, including α-pinene (9.26%), terpinen-4-ol (5.12%), camphor (5.94%), δ-cadinene (4.52%), pulegone (4.45%), γ-muurolene (4.12%), pinocarvone (3.97%) and β-caryophyllene (3.42%) as predominant components. The essential oils of O. acutidens and S. hortensis were characterized by high contents of carvacrol (86.99% and 55.74%), γ-terpinene (0.71% and 20.94%), p-cymene (1.95% and 12.30%), α-terpinene (0.13% and 2.04%) and β-caryophyllene (1.30% and 1.08%). All of the essential oils were toxic to adults of B. dentipes and insect mortality increased with increasing concentration of each oil. The oils (20 μl dose) brought about 100% mortality in 36. h. Although desirable insecticidal activities against the pest were achieved with the oils from all four plant species, S. hortensis and O. acutidens oils were more effective, particularly after 6. h of treatment. The current results concluded that the essential oils, in particular O. acutidens and S. hortensis oils, may be used as potential botanical insecticides against B. dentipes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.


text: Donnie has done a fantastic job. He's being patient, clearing cap space without giving up any draft picks. If he can find a way to get rid of Curry, he should definitely get executive of the year. It's such a refreshing change after Isiah's "strategy" of giving up all of our draft picks in crappy trades that put us in cap hell.


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Found 3 records | Page 1 of 1 |
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Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve
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Todd Nature Reserve
Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve, home to the Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania, is located in Fox Chapel, a northern suburb of Pittsburgh. It is only a few minutes from Hartwood Acres. Our street address is 614 Dorseyville Road, Pittsburgh, PA. Plug it into your favorite map website.
From Pittsburgh: Take Route 28 North from downtown Pittsburgh. Take exit 5B, Route 8 North/Butler. At the first traffic light, turn right onto Kittaning Road. Continue up Kittaning Road for 4.5 miles - it will become Dorseyville Road without any notification. Beechwood will be on your left.
From North and West: From the Pennsylvania Turnpike Exit 39 (Butler), take Route 8 South for 3 miles, toward Pittsburgh. At the intersection of Harts Run Road and Route 8, take a left. Follow Harts Run Road approximately 3.7 miles until it dead ends into Dorseyville Road. Turn right on Dorseyville Road and proceed 1/8 of a mile to Beechwood, on your right.
From the East: Take Pennsylvania Turnpike exit 48 (New Kensington/Pittsburgh). Bear right at the exit to go south on Freeport Road. Proceed 1.0 miles and turn right at a traffic light onto Guys Run Road and proceed 4.1 miles. (During this stretch, Guys Run Road will become Fox Chapel Road/Green Belt at a Y; bear slight right at the Y.) Fox Chapel Road ends at a T into Dorseyville Road. Take a left onto Dorseyville Road and proceed 7/10 of a mile to Beechwood, which is on the right.


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At around 1 pm SNESOT time (+/-), there will be some downtime because of a server upgrade. If all goes well it shouldn't take very long.
Wimbledon 2016 Sign Up Stage with a completely new tournament format is up now!! All matches in one day, from 1:00 PM until 5:00 PM snesot time, one hour per match. From now on applies: No annoying lag anymore in tournaments, no match planning necessary, etc., with the result of most likely more matches played = more fun!
Sign Up Stage is open for everyone until: July 9 th
Startdate is: Saturday, July 9 th
Draws are up on: Saturday, July 9 th, 0:00 PM snesot time
Starttime is: 1:00 PM snesot time (New York timezone GMT-5)
More details about this tournament and the new 'LIVE' format rules on the tournament page here -> here
I am happy to see SNESOT back and working again! Thanks a lot Laz!
As most of you know, SNESOT was attacked by a hacker, and the site was down for quite a while for lack of time to fix some issues.
I just wanted to let you know that we don't know who the hacker is. We can speculate, but there are no solid proofs. I would still like to see him come forward by free will.
I am sorry if some players don't want to participate in the future. It is fully understandable. All we can do is to keep going and hope no one is hacking the site again.
Thanks for your patience!
With Snesot being back online, now is a good time to come back and to host tourneys again, first up Is Type A.
the tournament will begin after my exams, (you dont want me dissapearing now do you?)
depending on how full the hamachi network is, I might do something to mitigate that so that we can have communication avenues
It is up.
Why did it take such long time?
I don't have time for SNESOT right now.
Can it happen again?
No site is unhackable. Please refrain from doing so in the future. It is not funny.
Will donating help prevent things like this from happening?
No. I don't have time for SNESOT right now.
Quite some things were changed, so if you find weird stuff, let me know.
We want to thank everyone who donated to get the Hamachi Network up and running again.
You can find the new login information at the top of this news page.
Since we can only fit 32 users in this network, we would prefer if you don't sign on with more than one user. And if you reinstall hamachi at some point, tell Garro to boot your old users. Need to keep it clean :) If you for some reason really need 2 users on there, talk to Garro about it. He might allow it.
And remember, use your SNESOT name when signing on to the network. Makes it easier for Garro to figure out who you are and easier for your opponents to find you.
Users who are in tournaments have priority, so don't feel bad if you get booted out of the network. or if that makes you angry, feel free to donate towards a bigger network.
We have $18 saved towards future purchases of Hamachi Networks or whatever it might be needed for.