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Most Cited Journal of Neuroscience Methods Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the integrative assessment of cerebrovascular functionC. K. Willie | F. L. Colino | D. M. Bailey | Y. C. Tzeng | G. Binsted | L. W. Jones | M. J. Haykowsky | J. Bellapart | S. Ogoh | K. J. Smith | J. D. Smirl | T. A. Day | S. J. Lucas | L. K. Eller | P. N. Ainslie
Volume 196, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 221-237
There is considerable utility in the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) to assess cerebrovascular function. The brain is unique in its high energy and oxygen demand but limited capacity for energy storage that necessitates an effective means of regional blood delivery. The relative low cost, ease-of-use, non-invasiveness, and excellent temporal resolution of TCD make it an ideal tool for the examination of cerebrovascular function in both research and clinical settings. TCD is an efficient tool to access blood velocities within the cerebral vessels, cerebral autoregulation, cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2, and neurovascular coupling, in both physiological states and in pathological conditions such as stroke and head trauma. In this review, we provide: (1) an overview of TCD methodology with respect to other techniques; (2) a methodological synopsis of the cerebrovascular exam using TCD; (3) an overview of the physiological mechanisms involved in regulation of the cerebral blood flow; (4) the utility of TCD for assessment of cerebrovascular pathology; and (5) recommendations for the assessment of four critical and complimentary aspects of cerebrovascular function: intra-cranial blood flow velocity, cerebral autoregulation, cerebral reactivity, and neurovascular coupling. The integration of these regulatory mechanisms from an integrated systems perspective is discussed, and future research directions are explored. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Demon Voltammetry and Analysis software: Analysis of cocaine-induced alterations in dopamine signaling using multiple kinetic measuresJordan T. Yorgason | Rodrigo A. España | Sara R. Jones
Volume 202, Issue 2, November 2011, Pages 158-164
The fast sampling rates of fast scan cyclic voltammetry make it a favorable method for measuring changes in brain monoamine release and uptake kinetics in slice, anesthetized, and freely moving preparations. The most common analysis technique for evaluating changes in dopamine signaling uses well-established Michaelis-Menten kinetic methods that can accurately model dopamine release and uptake parameters across multiple experimental conditions. Nevertheless, over the years, many researchers have turned to other measures to estimate changes in dopamine release and uptake, yet to our knowledge no systematic comparison amongst these measures has been conducted. To address this lack of uniformity in kinetic analyses, we have created the Demon Voltammetry and Analysis software suite, which is freely available to academic and non-profit institutions. Here we present an explanation of the Demon Voltammetry acquisition and analysis features, and demonstrate its utility for acquiring voltammetric data under in vitro, in vivo anesthetized, and freely moving conditions. Additionally, the software was used to compare the sensitivity of multiple kinetic measures of release and uptake to cocaine-induced changes in electrically evoked dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens core slices. Specifically, we examined and compared tau, full width at half height, half-life, T 20, T 80, slope, peak height, calibrated peak dopamine concentration, and area under the curve to the well-characterized Michaelis-Menten parameters, dopamine per pulse, maximal uptake rate, and apparent affinity. Based on observed results we recommend tau for measuring dopamine uptake and calibrated peak dopamine concentration for measuring dopamine release. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Mapping the human connectome at multiple scales with diffusion spectrum MRILeila Cammoun | Xavier Gigandet | Djalel Meskaldji | Jean Philippe Thiran | Olaf Sporns | Kim Q. Do | Philippe Maeder | Reto Meuli | Patric Hagmann
Volume 203, Issue 2, January 2012, Pages 386-397
The global structural connectivity of the brain, the human connectome, is now accessible at millimeter scale with the use of MRI. In this paper, we describe an approach to map the connectome by constructing normalized whole-brain structural connection matrices derived from diffusion MRI tractography at 5 different scales. Using a template-based approach to match cortical landmarks of different subjects, we propose a robust method that allows (a) the selection of identical cortical regions of interest of desired size and location in different subjects with identification of the associated fiber tracts (b) straightforward construction and interpretation of anatomically organized whole-brain connection matrices and (c) statistical inter-subject comparison of brain connectivity at various scales. The fully automated post-processing steps necessary to build such matrices are detailed in this paper. Extensive validation tests are performed to assess the reproducibility of the method in a group of 5 healthy subjects and its reliability is as well considerably discussed in a group of 20 healthy subjects. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
A review of multivariate methods for multimodal fusion of brain imaging dataJing Sui | Tülay Adali | Qingbao Yu | Jiayu Chen | Vince D. Calhoun
Volume 204, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 68-81
The development of various neuroimaging techniques is rapidly improving the measurements of brain function/structure. However, despite improvements in individual modalities, it is becoming increasingly clear that the most effective research approaches will utilize multi-modal fusion, which takes advantage of the fact that each modality provides a limited view of the brain. The goal of multi-modal fusion is to capitalize on the strength of each modality in a joint analysis, rather than a separate analysis of each. This is a more complicated endeavor that must be approached more carefully and efficient methods should be developed to draw generalized and valid conclusions from high dimensional data with a limited number of subjects. Numerous research efforts have been reported in the field based on various statistical approaches, e.g. independent component analysis (ICA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares (PLS). In this review paper, we survey a number of multivariate methods appearing in previous multimodal fusion reports, mostly fMRI with other modality, which were performed with or without prior information. A table for comparing optimization assumptions, purpose of the analysis, the need of priors, dimension reduction strategies and input data types is provided, which may serve as a valuable reference that helps readers understand the trade-offs of the 7 methods comprehensively. Finally, we evaluate 3 representative methods via simulation and give some suggestions on how to select an appropriate method based on a given research. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Probabilistic neural networks for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using conventional and wavelet coherenceZiad Sankari | Hojjat Adeli
Volume 197, Issue 1, April 2011, Pages 165-170
Recently, the authors presented an EEG (electroencephalogram) coherence study of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and found statistically significant differences between AD and control groups. In this paper a probabilistic neural network (PNN) model is presented for classification of AD and healthy controls using features extracted in coherence and wavelet coherence studies on cortical connectivity in AD. The model is verified using EEGs obtained from 20 AD probable patients and 7 healthy/control subjects based on a standard 10-20 electrode configuration on the scalp. It is shown that extracting features from EEG sub-bands using coherence, as a measure of cortical connectivity, can discriminate AD patients from healthy controls effectively when a mixed band classification model is applied. For the data set used a classification accuracy of 100% is achieved using the conventional coherence and a spread parameter of the Gaussian function in a particular range found in this research. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Development of an SSVEP-based BCI spelling system adopting a QWERTY-style LED keyboardHan Jeong Hwang | Jeong Hwan Lim | Young Jin Jung | Han Choi | Sang Woo Lee | Chang Hwan Im
Volume 208, Issue 1, June 2012, Pages 59-65
In this study, we introduce a new mental spelling system based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), adopting a QWERTY style layout keyboard with 30 LEDs flickering with different frequencies. The proposed electroencephalography (EEG)-based mental spelling system allows the users to spell one target character per each target selection, without the need for multiple step selections adopted by conventional SSVEP-based mental spelling systems. Through preliminary offline experiments and online experiments, we confirmed that human SSVEPs elicited by visual flickering stimuli with a frequency resolution of 0.1. Hz could be classified with classification accuracy high enough to be used for a practical brain-computer interface (BCI) system. During the preliminary offline experiments performed with five participants, we optimized various factors influencing the performance of the mental spelling system, such as distances between adjacent keys, light source arrangements, stimulating frequencies, recording electrodes, and visual angles. Additional online experiments were conducted with six participants to verify the feasibility of the optimized mental spelling system. The results of the online experiments were an average typing speed of 9.39 letters per minute (LPM) with an average success rate of 87.58%, corresponding to an average information transfer rate of 40.72 bits per minute, demonstrating the high performance of the developed mental spelling system. Indeed, the average typing speed of 9.39 LPM attained in this study was one of the best LPM results among those reported in previous BCI literatures. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
A mouse model of human repetitive mild traumatic brain injuryMichael J. Kane | Mariana Angoa-Pérez | Denise I. Briggs | David C. Viano | Christian W. Kreipke | Donald M. Kuhn
Volume 203, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 41-49
A novel method for the study of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) that models the most common form of head injury in humans is presented. Existing animal models of TBI impart focal, severe damage unlike that seen in repeated and mild concussive injuries, and few are configured for repetitive application. Our model is a modification of the Marmarou weight drop method and allows repeated head impacts to lightly anesthetized mice. A key facet of this method is the delivery of an impact to the cranium of an unrestrained subject allowing rapid acceleration of the free-moving head and torso, an essential characteristic known to be important for concussive injury in humans, and a factor that is missing from existing animal models of TBI. Our method does not require scalp incision, emplacement of protective skull helmets or surgery and the procedure can be completed in 1-2. min. Mice spontaneously recover the righting reflex and show no evidence of seizures, paralysis or impaired behavior. Skull fractures and intracranial bleeding are very rare. Minor deficits in motor coordination and locomotor hyperactivity recover over time. Histological analyses reveal mild astrocytic reactivity (increased expression of GFAP) and increased phospho-tau but a lack of blood-brain-barrier disruption, edema and microglial activation. This new animal model is simple and cost-effective and will facilitate characterization of the neurobiological and behavioral consequences of rmTBI. It is also ideal for high throughput screening of potential new therapies for mild concussive injuries as experienced by athletes and military personnel. © 2011.
Development of a three-dimensional, all-human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier using mono-, co-, and tri-cultivation Transwell modelsKathryn Hatherell | Pierre Olivier Couraud | Ignacio A. Romero | Babette Weksler | Geoffrey J. Pilkington
Volume 199, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 223-229
In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier (B-BB) generally utilise murine or porcine brain endothelium and rat astrocytes which are commonly grown in foetal calf serum supplemented conditions which modulate cell growth rates. Consequently, results gained from these experimental models can be difficult to extrapolate to the human in vivo situation since they are not of human origin. The proposed in vitro Transwell model of the B-BB is a multi-culture human cell system. It requires reconstruction of the human derived B-BB components in vitro (cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and brain vascular pericytes) in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration based on Transwell filters. Different cell permutations (mono-, co-, and tri-cultivation) were investigated to find the most effective model in terms of tight junction resistance of the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. The B-BB model permutations comprised of human astrocytes (CC-2565 and SC-1810), human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP), and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), under human serum supplementation. The models were assessed by trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements using an epithelial voltohmmeter, to validate the tight junction formation between hCMEC/D3 cells. Mono-, co-, and tri-cultivation Transwell models constructed with human brain-derived cells under human serum supplementation demonstrated that co-cultivation of astrocytes with endothelial cells produced the most successful model, as determined by TEER. Pericytes on the other hand improved tight junction formation when co-cultured with endothelial cells but did not improve the model to such an extent when grown in tri-cultivation with astrocytes. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
The MVGC multivariate Granger causality toolbox: A new approach to Granger-causal inferenceLionel Barnett | Anil K. Seth
Volume 223, Issue , February 2014, Pages 50-68
Background: Wiener-Granger causality ("G-causality") is a statistical notion of causality applicable to time series data, whereby cause precedes, and helps predict, effect. It is defined in both time and frequency domains, and allows for the conditioning out of common causal influences. Originally developed in the context of econometric theory, it has since achieved broad application in the neurosciences and beyond. Prediction in the G-causality formalism is based on VAR (vector autoregressive) modelling. New method: The MVGC Matlab© Toolbox approach to G-causal inference is based on multiple equivalent representations of a VAR model by (i) regression parameters, (ii) the autocovariance sequence and (iii) the cross-power spectral density of the underlying process. It features a variety of algorithms for moving between these representations, enabling selection of the most suitable algorithms with regard to computational efficiency and numerical accuracy. Results: In this paper we explain the theoretical basis, computational strategy and application to empirical G-causal inference of the MVGC Toolbox. We also show via numerical simulations the advantages of our Toolbox over previous methods in terms of computational accuracy and statistical inference. Comparison with existing method(s): The standard method of computing G-causality involves estimation of parameters for both a full and a nested (reduced) VAR model. The MVGC approach, by contrast, avoids explicit estimation of the reduced model, thus eliminating a source of estimation error and improving statistical power, and in addition facilitates fast and accurate estimation of the computationally awkward case of conditional G-causality in the frequency domain. Conclusions: The MVGC Toolbox implements a flexible, powerful and efficient approach to G-causal inference. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Co-culture of neurons and glia in a novel microfluidic platformDevi Majumdar | Yandong Gao | Deyu Li | Donna J. Webb
Volume 196, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 38-44
In this study, we developed a microfluidic cell co-culture platform that permits individual manipulation of the microenvironment of different cell types. Separation of the cell culture chambers is controlled by changing the position of a microfabricated valve, which serves as a barrier between the chambers. This unique feature of our platform allowed us to maintain healthy co-cultures of hippocampal neurons and glia for several weeks under optimal conditions. Controlled fluidic exchange between the cell culture chambers provided neurons with a continuous supply of in situ conditioned glia media that was critical for their survival. Using the barrier valve, we transfected neurons in the adjacent chambers with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mCherry cDNA, respectively, with a transfection efficiency of approximately 40%. Co-culture with glia further enhanced the transfection efficiency of neurons to almost 60%. Thus the microfluidic devices offer a novel platform for the long-term culture, transfection, and individual treatment of central nervous system cells. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
EConnectome: A MATLAB toolbox for mapping and imaging of brain functional connectivityBin He | Yakang Dai | Laura Astolfi | Fabio Babiloni | Han Yuan | Lin Yang
Volume 195, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 261-269
We have developed a MATLAB-based toolbox, eConnectome (electrophysiological connectome), for mapping and imaging functional connectivity at both the scalp and cortical levels from the electroencephalogram (EEG), as well as from the electrocorticogram (ECoG). Graphical user interfaces were designed for interactive and intuitive use of the toolbox. Major functions of eConnectome include EEG/ECoG preprocessing, scalp spatial mapping, cortical source estimation, connectivity analysis, and visualization. Granger causality measures such as directed transfer function and adaptive directed transfer function were implemented to estimate the directional interactions of brain functional networks, over the scalp and cortical sensor spaces. Cortical current density inverse imaging was implemented using a generic realistic geometry brain-head model from scalp EEGs. Granger causality could be further estimated over the cortical source domain from the inversely reconstructed cortical source signals as derived from the scalp EEG. Users may implement other connectivity estimators in the framework of eConnectome for various applications. The toolbox package is open-source and freely available at http://econnectome.umn.edu under the GNU general public license for noncommercial and academic uses. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Comparison Evans Blue injection routes: Intravenous versus intraperitoneal, for measurement of blood-brain barrier in a mice hemorrhage modelAnatol Manaenko | Hank Chen | Jerome Kammer | John H. Zhang | Jiping Tang
Volume 195, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 206-210
Aims: Intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the most devastating subtypes of stroke, leaving survivors with severe neurological deficits. Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) following hemorrhage results in the development of vasogenic brain edema, a most life-threatening event after such events as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The Evans Blue assay is a popular method for the quantification of BBB disruption. Although this method is in common use, there are several protocols of the assay in the literature which vary in the route of administration, as well as the circulation time of the stain. In this study, we compared the amounts of accumulated stain in brain tissue following intraperitoneal versus intravenous injection at 0.5, 3 and 24. h of circulation time. Methods: 58 CD-1 mice were used. Animals were divided into ICH (N=42), sham groups (N=6) and naïve (N=10). ICH animals received stereotactic injection of collagenase type VII into the right basal ganglia. Sham animals received only needle trauma. Evans Blue stain was injected 24. h after collagenase injection or needle trauma. The consistency of ICH produced was characterized by estimation of hematoma volume via hemoglobin assay and neurological evaluation. Results: The produced hematoma and neurological deficits were well comparable between different experimental groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the results of the Evans Blue assay with regard to administration route. Conclusions: The amount of Evans Blue stain accumulated in the brains of mice after ICH produced by collagenase injection was independent of the stain administration route. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Relationship between orientation to a blast and pressure wave propagation inside the rat brainMikulas Chavko | Tomas Watanabe | Saleena Adeeb | Jason Lankasky | Stephen T. Ahlers | Richard M. McCarron
Volume 195, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 61-66
Exposure to a blast wave generated during an explosion may result in brain damage and related neurological impairments. Several mechanisms by which the primary blast wave can damage the brain have been proposed, including: (1) a direct effect of the shock wave on the brain causing tissue damage by skull flexure and propagation of stress and shear forces; and (2) an indirect transfer of kinetic energy from the blast, through large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), to the central nervous system. To address a basic question related to the mechanisms of blast brain injury, pressure was measured inside the brains of rats exposed to a low level of blast (~35. kPa), while positioned in three different orientations with respect to the primary blast wave; head facing blast, right side exposed to blast and head facing away from blast. Data show different patterns and durations of the pressure traces inside the brain, depending on the rat orientation to blast. Frontal exposures (head facing blast) resulted in pressure traces of higher amplitude and longer duration, suggesting direct transmission and reflection of the pressure inside the brain (dynamic pressure transfer). The pattern of the pressure wave inside the brain in the head facing away from blast exposures assumes contribution of the static pressure, similar to hydrodynamic pressure to the pressure wave inside the brain. © 2010.
Meta-analysis of data from animal studies: A practical guideH. M. Vesterinen | E. S. Sena | K. J. Egan | T. C. Hirst | L. Churolov | G. L. Currie | A. Antonic | D. W. Howells | M. R. Macleod
Volume 221, Issue , January 2014, Pages 92-102
Meta-analyses of data from human studies are invaluable resources in the life sciences and the methods to conduct these are well documented. Similarly there are a number of benefits in conducting meta-analyses on data from animal studies; they can be used to inform clinical trial design, or to try and explain discrepancies between preclinical and clinical trial results. However there are inherit differences between animal and human studies and so applying the same techniques for the meta-analysis of preclinical data is not straightforward. For example preclinical studies are frequently small and there is often substantial heterogeneity between studies. This may have an impact on both the method of calculating an effect size and the method of pooling data. Here we describe a practical guide for the meta-analysis of data from animal studies including methods used to explore sources of heterogeneity. © 2013 The Authors.
Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of neurotransmitters in rat brain samplesRoberto Romero González | Remedios Fernández Fernández | José Luis Martínez Vidal | Antonia Garrido Frenich | María Luz Gómez Pérez
Volume 198, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 187-194
A simple method for the simultaneous determination of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), choline, acetylcholine, dopamine, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic (5-HIAA), serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) was developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). These compounds are analysed in a single chromatographic run in less than 8min, adding heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) in the mobile phase to improve the separation of the selected neurotransmitters. The analytes were detected using electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Good linearity was obtained (R2>0.98) and the intra and inter-day precision of the method (expressed as relative standard deviation) were lower than 26%. Limits of quantification were lower than 2.440μg/g of brain in all the cases, allowing the sensitive determination of these compounds in rat brain extracts. Therefore, the method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of neurotransmitters in several rat brain regions (prefrontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens and amygdala), detecting glutamate, GABA and choline at concentrations higher than 1000μg/g, 30μg/g and 100μg/g respectively, whereas the other compounds were found at lower concentrations. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Behaviour of Granger causality under filtering: Theoretical invariance and practical applicationLionel Barnett | Anil K. Seth
Volume 201, Issue 2, October 2011, Pages 404-419
Granger causality (G-causality) is increasingly employed as a method for identifying directed functional connectivity in neural time series data. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of common preprocessing methods such as filtering on G-causality inference. Filtering is often used to remove artifacts from data and/or to isolate frequency bands of interest. Here, we show [following Geweke (1982)] that G-causality for a stationary vector autoregressive (VAR) process is fully invariant under the application of an arbitrary invertible filter; therefore filtering cannot and does not isolate frequency-specific G-causal inferences. We describe and illustrate a simple alternative: integration of frequency domain (spectral) G-causality over the appropriate frequencies (" band limited G-causality"). We then show, using an analytically solvable minimal model, that in practice G-causality inferences often do change after filtering, as a consequence of large increases in empirical model order induced by filtering. Finally, we demonstrate a valid application of filtering in removing a nonstationary (" line noise") component from data. In summary, when applied carefully, filtering can be a useful preprocessing step for removing artifacts and for furnishing or improving stationarity; however filtering is inappropriate for isolating causal influences within specific frequency bands. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Revisiting olfactory classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response in honey bees: A step toward standardized proceduresYukihisa Matsumoto | Randolf Menzel | Jean Christophe Sandoz | Martin Giurfa
Volume 211, Issue 1, October 2012, Pages 159-167
The honey bee Apis mellifera has emerged as a robust and influential model for the study of classical conditioning thanks to the existence of a powerful Pavlovian conditioning protocol, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER). In 2011, the olfactory PER conditioning protocol celebrated its 50. years since it was first introduced by Kimihisa Takeda in 1961. In this protocol, individually harnessed honey bees are trained to associate an odor with sucrose solution. The resulting olfactory learning is fast and induces robust olfactory memories that have been characterized at the behavioral, neuronal and molecular levels. Despite the success of this protocol for studying the bases of learning and memory at these different levels, innumerable procedural variants have arisen throughout the years, which render comparative analyses of behavioral performances difficult. Moreover, because even slight variations in conditioning procedures may introduce significant differences in acquisition and retention performances, we revisit olfactory PER conditioning and define here a standardized framework for experiments using this behavioral protocol. To this end, we present and discuss all the methodological steps and details necessary for successful implementation of olfactory PER conditioning. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) and PEBL Test BatteryShane T. Mueller | Brian J. Piper
Volume 222, Issue , January 2014, Pages 250-259
Background: We briefly describe the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL), an open source software system for designing and running psychological experiments. New method: We describe the PEBL Test Battery, a set of approximately 70 behavioral tests which can be freely used, shared, and modified. Included is a comprehensive set of past research upon which tests in the battery are based. Results: We report the results of benchmark tests that establish the timing precision of PEBL. Comparison with existing method: We consider alternatives to the PEBL system and battery tests. Conclusions: We conclude with a discussion of the ethical factors involved in the open source testing movement. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Automated analysis of neuronal morphology, synapse number and synaptic recruitmentSabine K. Schmitz | J. J Johannes Hjorth | Raoul M S Joemai | Rick Wijntjes | Susanne Eijgenraam | Petra de Bruijn | Christina Georgiou | Arthur P H de Jong | Arjen van Ooyen | Matthijs Verhage | L. Niels Cornelisse | Ruud F. Toonen | Wouter Veldkamp
Volume 195, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 185-193
The shape, structure and connectivity of nerve cells are important aspects of neuronal function. Genetic and epigenetic factors that alter neuronal morphology or synaptic localization of pre- and post-synaptic proteins contribute significantly to neuronal output and may underlie clinical states. To assess the impact of individual genes and disease-causing mutations on neuronal morphology, reliable methods are needed. Unfortunately, manual analysis of immuno-fluorescence images of neurons to quantify neuronal shape and synapse number, size and distribution is labor-intensive, time-consuming and subject to human bias and error.We have developed an automated image analysis routine using steerable filters and deconvolutions to automatically analyze dendrite and synapse characteristics in immuno-fluorescence images. Our approach reports dendrite morphology, synapse size and number but also synaptic vesicle density and synaptic accumulation of proteins as a function of distance from the soma as consistent as expert observers while reducing analysis time considerably. In addition, the routine can be used to detect and quantify a wide range of neuronal organelles and is capable of batch analysis of a large number of images enabling high-throughput analysis. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Statistical spatial filtering for a P300-based BCI: Tests in able-bodied, and patients with cerebral palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosisGabriel Pires | Urbano Nunes | Miguel Castelo-Branco
Volume 195, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 270-281
The effective use of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in real-world environments depends on a satisfactory throughput. In a P300-based BCI, this can be attained by reducing the number of trials needed to detect the P300 signal. However, this task is hampered by the very low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of P300 event related potentials. This paper proposes an efficient methodology that achieves high classification accuracy and high transfer rates for both disabled and able-bodied subjects in a standard P300-based speller system. The system was tested by three subjects with cerebral palsy (CP), two subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and nineteen able-bodied subjects.The paper proposes the application of three statistical spatial filters. The first is a beamformer that maximizes the ratio of signal power and noise power (Max-SNR). The second is a beamformer based on the Fisher criterion (FC). The third approach cascades the FC beamformer with the Max-SNR beamformer satisfying simultaneously sub-optimally both criteria (C-FMS). The calibration process of the BCI system takes about 5. min to collect data and a couple of minutes to obtain spatial filters and classification models.Online results showed that subjects with disabilities have achieved, on average, an accuracy and transfer rate only slightly lower than able-bodied subjects. Taking 23 of the 24 participants, the averaged results achieved a transfer rate of 4.33 symbols per minute with a 91.80% accuracy, corresponding to a bandwidth of 19.18 bits per minute. This study shows the feasibility of the proposed methodology and that effective communication rates are achievable. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Long-term behavioral assessment of function in an experimental model for ischemic strokeAngelo Encarnacion | Nobutaka Horie | Hadar Keren-Gill | Tonya M. Bliss | Gary K. Steinberg | Mehrdad Shamloo
Volume 196, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 247-257
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats is a well-studied experimental model for ischemic stroke leading to brain infarction and functional deficits. Many preclinical studies have focused on a small time window after the ischemic episode to evaluate functional outcome for screening therapeutic candidates. Short evaluation periods following injury have led to significant setbacks due to lack of information on the delayed effects of treatments, as well as short-lived and reversible neuroprotection, so called false-positive results. In this report, we evaluated long-term functional deficit for 90 days after MCAO in two rat strains with two durations of ischemic insult, in order to identify the best experimental paradigm to assess injury and subsequent recovery. Behavioral outcomes were measured pre-MCAO followed by weekly assessment post-stroke. Behavioral tests included the 18-point composite neurological score, 28-point neuroscore, rearing test, vibrissae-evoked forelimb placing test, foot fault test and the CatWalk. Brain lesions were assessed to correlate injury to behavior outcomes at the end of study. Our results indicate that infarction volume in Sprague-Dawley rats was dependent on occlusion duration. In contrast, the infarction volume in Wistar rats did not correlate with the duration of ischemic episode. Functional outcomes were not dependent on occlusion time in either strain; however, measurable deficits were detectable long-term in limb asymmetry, 18- and 28-point neuroscores, forelimb placing, paw swing speed, and gait coordination. In conclusion, these behavioral assays, in combination with an extended long-term assessment period, can be used for evaluating therapeutic candidates in preclinical models of ischemic stroke. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Automated Facial Action Coding System for dynamic analysis of facial expressions in neuropsychiatric disordersJihun Hamm | Christian G. Kohler | Ruben C. Gur | Ragini Verma
Volume 200, Issue 2, September 2011, Pages 237-256
Facial expression is widely used to evaluate emotional impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. Ekman and Friesen's Facial Action Coding System (FACS) encodes movements of individual facial muscles from distinct momentary changes in facial appearance. Unlike facial expression ratings based on categorization of expressions into prototypical emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, etc.), FACS can encode ambiguous and subtle expressions, and therefore is potentially more suitable for analyzing the small differences in facial affect. However, FACS rating requires extensive training, and is time consuming and subjective thus prone to bias. To overcome these limitations, we developed an automated FACS based on advanced computer science technology. The system automatically tracks faces in a video, extracts geometric and texture features, and produces temporal profiles of each facial muscle movement. These profiles are quantified to compute frequencies of single and combined Action Units (AUs) in videos, and they can facilitate a statistical study of large populations in disorders known to impact facial expression. We derived quantitative measures of flat and inappropriate facial affect automatically from temporal AU profiles. Applicability of the automated FACS was illustrated in a pilot study, by applying it to data of videos from eight schizophrenia patients and controls. We created temporal AU profiles that provided rich information on the dynamics of facial muscle movements for each subject. The quantitative measures of flatness and inappropriateness showed clear differences between patients and the controls, highlighting their potential in automatic and objective quantification of symptom severity. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Automatic epileptic seizure detection in EEGs based on optimized sample entropy and extreme learning machineYuedong Song | Jon Crowcroft | Jiaxiang Zhang
Volume 210, Issue 2, September 2012, Pages 132-146
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders - approximately one in every 100 people worldwide are suffering from it. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common source of information used to monitor, diagnose and manage neurological disorders related to epilepsy. Large amounts of data are produced by EEG monitoring devices, and analysis by visual inspection of long recordings of EEG in order to find traces of epilepsy is not routinely possible. Therefore, automated detection of epilepsy has been a goal of many researchers for a long time. This paper presents a novel method for automatic epileptic seizure detection. An optimized sample entropy (O-SampEn) algorithm is proposed and combined with extreme learning machine (ELM) to identify the EEG signals regarding the existence of seizure or not. To the knowledge of the authors, there exists no similar work in the literature. A public dataset was utilized for evaluating the proposed method. Results show that the proposed epilepsy detection approach achieves not only high detection accuracy but also a very fast computation speed, which demonstrates its huge potential for the real-time detection of epileptic seizures. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Fuzzy Synchronization Likelihood-wavelet methodology for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorderMehran Ahmadlou | Hojjat Adeli | Amir Adeli
Volume 211, Issue 2, November 2012, Pages 203-209
This paper presents a methodology for investigation of functional connectivity in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using Fuzzy Synchronization Likelihood (Fuzzy SL). Fuzzy SLs between and within brain regions are calculated in all EEG sub-bands produced by the wavelet decomposition as well as in the full-band EEG. Then, discriminative Fuzzy SLs between and within different regions and different EEG sub-bands or full-band EEG for distinguishing autistic children from healthy control children are determined based on Analysis of Variation (ANOVA). Finally, the selected features are used as input to an Enhanced Probabilistic Neural Network classifier to make an accurate diagnosis of ASD based on the detected differences in the regional functional connectivity of autistic and healthy EEGs. The methodology is validated using EEG data obtained from 9 autistic and 9 healthy children. The ANOVA test showed high ability of the regional Fuzzy SLs in low frequency bands, delta and theta, as well as alpha band for discriminating the two groups. A high classification accuracy of 95.5% was achieved for distinguishing autistic EEGs from healthy EEGs. It is concluded that the methodology presented in this paper can be used as an effective tool for diagnosis of the autism. Further, the regional Fuzzy SLs discovered in this research can be used as reliable markers in neurofeedback treatments to improve neuronal plasticity and connectivity in autistic patients. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..
Intra- and extra-cranial effects of transient blood pressure changes on brain near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurementsLudovico Minati | Inge U. Kress | Elisa Visani | Nick Medford | Hugo D. Critchley
Volume 197, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 283-288
Brain near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging neurophysiological tool that combines straightforward activity localization with cost-economy, portability and patient compatibility. NIRS is proving its empirical utility across specific cognitive and emotional paradigms. However, a potential limitation is that it is not only sensitive to haemodynamic changes taking place in the cortex, and task-related cardiovascular responses expressed in the perfusion of extracranial layers may be confounding. Existing literature reports correlations between brain NIRS and systemic blood pressure, yet it falls short of establishing whether in normal participants the blood pressure changes encountered in experimental settings can have confounding effects. Here, we tested this hypothesis by performing two experimental manipulations while recording from superficial occipital cortex, encompassing striate and extrastriate regions. Visual stimulation with reversing chequerboards evoked cortical haemodynamic responses. Simultaneously and independently, transient systemic blood pressure changes were generated through rapid arm-raising. Shallow-penetration NIRS recordings, probing only extra-cerebral tissues, highlighted close haemodynamic coupling with blood pressure. A different coupling pattern was observed in deep-penetration recordings directed at haemodynamic signals from visual cortex. In absence of blood-pressure changes, NIRS signals tracked differences in visual stimulus duration. However when blood pressure was actively manipulated, this effect was absent and replaced by a very large pressure-related response. Our observations demonstrate that blood pressure fluctuations can exert confounding effects on brain NIRS, through expression in extracranial tissues and within the brain itself. We highlight the necessity for continuous blood pressure monitoring alongside brain NIRS, and for further research on methods to correct for physiological confounds. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.


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What is the Doctors' Health Advisory Service Queensland?
The DHAS(Q) is an organisation developed, managed and operated by doctors, on a voluntary basis, which makes available assistance for colleagues who may be in difficulty. The need to help doctors has long been recognised in Queensland, as well as nationally and internationally.
Health practitioners often have difficulty being patients, as they tend to not acknowledge their problems, or seek help appropriately. They experience the same wide range of health related issues as others in the community, as well as conditions specifically related to the stresses of professional practice. This occasionally includes substance abuse.
Several decades ago, a group of concerned doctors recognised that the profession needed to take the lead to assist their colleagues in difficulty, to reduce the risk to their patients of practising while unwell as well as to provide relief for the doctor. It was also apparent that this task was more likely to be achieved by also attending to practice and lifestyle factors that predisposed to the difficulties. Their initiative led to the founding of the Doctors' Health Advisory Service of Queensland in 1989, and to the later extension of these services to dentists and pharmacists.
The primary focus of the DHAS(Q) is the well-being of practitioners. This approach, as well as having a humanitarian concern for individual colleagues, is based on the knowledge that the safety and well-being of the public is enhanced by having healthy doctors.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Ballerina's Tale Theatrical Debut & Update
Dear Kickstarter Family,
There are only nine days to go before A Ballerina's Tale makes it's theatrical debut in the US!
Tickets are on sale now at:
- IFC Center, NYC ... Read more
A Ballerina's Tale in Theaters and On Demand on Oct. 14
Kickstarter Fam,
We are so happy to announce that 'A Ballerina's Tale' has been picked up by Sundance Selects. The film will be released in the United State in theaters... Read more
Check out Misty Copeland in the NY Times talking about her upcoming book!
A new article in The New York Times...
A Singular Ballerina's Multiple Paths - Misty Copeland Prepares for Release of Her Memoir
Misty Copeland awarded Young, Gifted, & Black at Black Girls Rock
Greetings Backers,
Thank you again for all your support. All your efforts, enthusiasm, and energy carry us through the journey. With all this excitement, buzz, and Misty's talent has lead... Read more
Thanks to YOU, A Ballerina's Tale is Fully Funded!
Hey folks!!!
We are thrilled to announce that A Ballerina's Tale has been successfully funded!!!!!
We want to express our gratitude and give a tremendous THANK YOU to each and every... Read more
A Ballerina's Tale Kickstarter Party NYC I Hosted by Taye Diggs, Misty Copeland, & Nelson George I Friday, October 18th @ 8:30
Taye Diggs, Misty Copeland, & Nelson George invite you to A Ballerina's Tale Kickstarter Party!!!
With just days remaining to reach our $40,000 goal for A Ballerina's Tale, we invite... Read more
Thank You Backers, 10 days to go, keep the Tale alive!
First and foremost, THANK YOU! for your contributions. We appreciate your generosity!
To date - 376 Backers, $19,583 pledged, and 10 days to go!! Together, we can do this!!... Read more


text:
Lou Reed: "He Was Very Smart. Like, Too Smart"
The latest MOJO magazine delves into Lou Reed's life and work. Includes free Reed CD, Transformer feature and Laurie Anderson's moving insights.
The latest MOJO magazine delves into Lou Reed's life and work. Includes free Reed CD, Transformer feature and Laurie Anderson's moving insights.
Get the latest issue of MOJO for the story behind the 'alternative' Young Americans that's rebooted in a new reissue. Plus we delve into Station To Station's 'madness' and 'magick'.
The gravelly-voiced rocker's early Sub Pop promo films posted online ahead of vinyl box reissue.
As MOJO premieres the band's new video, frontwoman Rosalie Cunningham explains its psychedelic inspiration.
Further bleak glamour and shadowy undertow from the LA quartet.
Pink Floyd-collaborating, acoustic warrior.
Extraordinary bounty features Dylan and The Band at their cutting, controversial best. Options include 36-CD motherlode and 2CD The Real Albert Hall Concert set.
The voice of Sam's Town in his own words and by his own hand.
The former Guns N'Roses guitarist on how L.A. shaped him and his band, and his latest attempt to break into movieland.
Win a Philips Soundbar speaker plus glamtastic Born To Boogie goodies celebrating posh new packages of Marc Bolan's landmark 1972 movie.
Our team pick out their favourite records released in April, May and June this year.
From the Mediterranean culture crossroads, psych-pop garage flavour with a burning urge to live.
You've asked us to reveal which key Lou Reed solo songs are on our new free CD. Read on for the lowdown.


text:
5 posts tagged with bbc by turbanhead.
Displaying 1 through 5 of 5.
But There's No Oil You Say?
But There's No Oil You Say? The humanitarian situation in northern Uganda is worse than in Iraq, or anywhere else in the world, a senior United Nations official has said. It is a moral outrage" that the world is doing so little for the victims of the war, especially children, says UN Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs, Jan Egeland. The rebels routinely abduct children to serve as sex slaves and fighters. Thousands of children leave their houses in northern Uganda to sleep rough in the major towns, where they feel more safe from the threat of abduction by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). The United Nations [should] play a great role in scaling down the violence The LRA, under shadowy leader Joseph Kony, says it wants to rule Uganda according to the Biblical Ten Commandments. They often mutilate their victims, by cutting off their lips, noses or ears.
Groom Tries To Keep Pimp Hand Strong With Dowry Demand - Gets Arrested
Groom Tries To Keep Pimp Hand Strong With Dowry Demand - Gets Arrested A bride who got the police to arrest her bridegroom has become something of a celebrity in India. Nisha Sharma, 21, called the police after her father was asked for more dowry money just minutes before her wedding ceremony.
No Respect I Tell Ya, No Respect
No Respect I Tell Ya, No Respect Former Iraqi Information Minister Mohammed Saeed al-Sahhaf is attempting to surrender to US forces, according to a London-based Arabic newspaper. But Al-Sharq al-Awsat says the Americans have refused to arrest Mr Sahhaf - who became a familiar face during the war with his upbeat assessments of Iraqi military "successes" - because he does not appear on their "most wanted" list of 55 former regime officials
BBC chief attacks U.S. war coverage
BBC chief attacks U.S. war coverage The head of the BBC has launched a broadside against American broadcasters, accusing them of "unquestioning" coverage of the Iraq war and blatant patriotism.
Forget 50 Cent and Eminem
Give It Up for MC Zhirinovsky Flamboyant Russian ultra-nationalist Vladimir Zhirinovsky, renowned for his controversial views on Iraq, has had his words turned into an anti-war rap song. The song, titled "Don't you dare go shooting at Baghdad", is being launched on the internet, according to the Russian television station TVS.
Page: 1


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On August 28, 1963, delivering the culminating address at the greatest mass-protest demonstration in U.S. history, Martin Luther King, Jr., summoned all of his listeners to think anew about the heritage and promise of America. Speaking in the "symbolic shadow" of the most revered American of all, he ascended the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to remind them of the…
Nearly 50 years after Martin Luther King delivered his memorable "I have a dream" speech, there is a growing consensus that the civil rights movement, despite some important victories, has been a failure. While conceding that these critics have a point, Peter C. Myers faults them for embracing a radical critique of America that rejects America's founding…
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This October marks the 30th anniversary of then-Attorney General Ed Meese's speech on "The Law of the Constitution," which was part of a series of — Read more
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Articles from RotoWire's fantasy archives that mention Sean Couturier's name.
April 12, 2016
Stanley Cup Playoffs: Player Rankings
Jan Levine ranks the skaters and goalies in the Stanley Cup Playoffs for fantasy playoff leagues. Can you guess where Alex Ovechkin ranks?
Stanley Cup Playoffs Preview: Ducks are Team to Beat
Jan Levine previews the Stanley Cup Playoffs as the Anaheim Ducks aim to bring the cup back to Southern California for the second time in three years.
March 31, 2016
NHL Barometer: Hail to the Scheif
In his Barometer finale, Jan Levine shines a light on a Winnipeg youngster already playing like an elite center.
March 29, 2016
Wednesday Daily Puck: To The Max
Nazem Kadri was cold, but now he's hot, and so is Max Pacioretty.
March 27, 2016
The Waiver Wire: Category Winners for the Playoffs
Dan Waldner offers waiver-wire options, like Toronto's Nazem Kadri, at categories owners can target down the stretch to provide the winning edge.
March 24, 2016
FantasyAces NHL: Thursday Picks
The Ducks' Corey Perry, who has a nice matchup against Toronto, is the headliner of Neil Parker's Thursday FantasyAces picks.
March 20, 2016
Dan Waldner looks at players who can help in the fantasy playoffs with specific stat categories, including Anaheim's Cam Fowler, who is strong on the power play.
March 18, 2016
NHL Barometer: A Shark with No Bite
Jan Levine looks at who's up and who's down in the NHL this week, including long-time Shark Patrick Marleau who is scuffling mightily.
February 23, 2016
FantasyAces NHL: Tuesday Picks
Paul Bruno's Tuesday FantasyAces NHL picks feature Connor McDavid of the Oilers, who should remain a regular in DFS advice columns until his price matches his elite status.
FanDuel NHL: Value Plays for the Week
In this week's FanDuel Value Plays, Michael Clifford sheds some light on a lesser-known center in Philly and a rising D-man in Minny.
The Daily Puck: Play Coyle With Me
Charlie Coyle has seen an uptick offensively since the Wild changed coaches, and premier minutes mean he could do a lot of damage (in a good way) for fantasy owners who pluck the widely available winger off waivers.
February 20, 2016
Saturday Daily Puck: The Friendly Ghost
Shayne Gostisbehere is making a case of Calder contention and
February 19, 2016
Friday Daily Puck: The Quack Is Back
The Ducks are just two points behind the Kings for the Pacific Divsion lead. Are they the team to beat?
February 16, 2016
Michael Clifford offers a few cheap FanDuel suggestions this week, including a skilled Swiss sniper and a young riser on the Canes' blueline.
Tuesday Daily Puck: Dumba and Dumba-er
Intriguing matchups abound for fantasy owners this Tuesday, while Andrew Fiorentino identifies the Wild's Mathew Dumba as a player who merits wider fantasy consideration.
February 14, 2016
Sunday Daily Puck: Return of Magic
Joe Mahoney looks for Pavel Datsyuk to have a big game Sunday and recommends picking up Jesper Fast
February 13, 2016
Saturday Daily Puck: Wild Expectation Adjustment
The Minnesota Wild are ailing and it's time to stop giving their star players your trust.
February 11, 2016
Thursday Daily Puck: Dion Debuts
Dion Phaneuf made his debut with the Senators Wednesday and there were mixed results.
February 9, 2016
Tuesday Daily Puck: Miller Living High Life
Andrew Fiorentino breaks down a couple matchups from Tuesday's big slate and identifies the Rangers' red-hot J.T. Miller as a must-have pickup in nearly all fantasy formats.
February 7, 2016
Sunday Daily Puck: How Long is Too Long?
Joe Mahoney forecasts the outlook for the Oilers in Edmonton, and recommends picking up Andre Burakovsky.
February 6, 2016
Saturday Daily Puck: Flip the Script
Early season storylines aren't always storylines that last. Just ask Sidney Crosby, the Anaheim Ducks or Tyler Johnson.
February 2, 2016
Blue Line Buzz: Looking Backward, Looking Forward
Jason Chen reviews how every team in the NHL did in last year's second half as part of his search for value in this year's post-All-Star play.
Tuesday Daily Puck: May Schwartz Be With You
The Blues' Jaden Schwartz is almost ready to return from his ankle injury, which should send fantasy owners scrambling to their waiver wires to check his status.
January 27, 2016
NHL Barometer: Low Flame
This week's Barometer looks at a young Flames forward who has slipped in recent weeks but has the opportunity to turn it back around.
January 26, 2016
Wednesday Daily Puck: Wham, Bam, Thank You Cam
David Perron has taken to Anaheim, while Tomas Plekanec is just another frustrating Hab.
January 24, 2016
Monday Daily Puck: Marching to his own Drummer
Brad Marchant has goals in four straight for Boston.
January 23, 2016
Saturday Daily Puck: On a Larkin
Dylan Larkin and Aaron Ekblad are having an under-appreciated impact on their team. Petr Mrazek simply isn't getting the love he deserves. That ends now.
January 19, 2016
Tuesday Daily Puck: Oiltown Blues
Ryan Nugent-Hopkins' hand injury is just the latest woe for the Oilers, who look set to make a run at yet another No. 1 pick this year.
January 13, 2016
Yahoo DFS Hockey: Wednesday Picks
The price may be steep, but John Gibson is worth every penny for Wednesday's game against the Senators, who are averaging just 1.6 goals per game over their last five.
January 12, 2016
Wednesday Daily Puck: The Elias Lindholm Sports Bureau
It's time to give up on Zach Bogosian for good, and to get
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dandingeroz Artist from Philippines
so damn good!!!!
Tiny.Cue.Cards Artist
you get my vote, always and forever +1
coffeecandle Artist
amazing! +1
Yes!!!! on medium size pls…. awesome design sir" your the man! :D +1000
This looks like a Dzeri +1, elementary my dear Watson!
a_mar_illo Artist from Spain
LittleBubbles Human from Spain
Cool concept and awesome execution.
WinterArtwork Artist from Barbados
they're fools if they don't print this!
Really amazing!
Wowzer !
spacemonkeydr Artist from California, United States
awesome friggin shirt man
this is beautiful, great job!
brianluong Artist from United States
annnnnnnnnnnnd that's another print. great work! Charcoal is great.
What brianluong said.
its really an amazing piece…
Great !!!
douglasstencil Artist from Minas Gerais, Brazil
reticulas fodas.. +1
kharmazero Artist from France
amazing light, details,drawing,line work,idea,composition…
Dawww man…this is just…i mean…awwww!
thanks everyone! :D


text:
|This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|AEL Data
|Stable release
3.1 / November 13, 2012
|Operating system
|Android, iOS, PC, Google Chrome Extensions
|e-book reader
Lektz is an eBook business platform[1][2] developed by AEL Data, operating from UK and India. The solutions available in the Lektz platform include DRM, ebook reader applications, virtual book store, ebook conversion, elending, consumer analytics, and digital marketing solutions for small, medium-sized publishers and independent authors. Dr. M.S. Mohammed Sadiq,[2][3] Sr. Vice President of AEL Data, is the chief architect of the Lektz platform and it draws support from AEL Data's[4] ePublishing, digitization, accessibility solutions and application development services.
The Lektz platform was launched as a SaaS[2] based solution and as an on-premises solution using the publisher's infrastructure. This solution was presented as an ebook ecosystem at the London Book Fair 2013,[5][6] by Dr.Sadiq and Lindsay MacLeod, Executive Director at AEL Data.
Lektz eBook Reader is a reader application for Android, iOS devices, and PC reader (web-based/Google Chrome Extension).It supports PDF, EPUB2 and EPUB3 ebook formats. It was launched by AEL Data Services in May, 2012. The Lektz reader provides full support to Non-DRM ebooks while the DRM support is limited to ebooks that are secured using the Lektz Proprietary DRM. The Lektz eBook Reader supports both Fixed Layout and Freeflow EPUB across varied platforms.
How it works[edit]
The Lektz SaaS[1][2] based solution is where publishers sign up and avail their own branded ebook stores,[5] upload PDF and EPUB ebooks to it, encrypt them using Lektz DRM, configure their own payment gateway and start selling their ebooks on the Lektz platform. The on-premises solution[5] is where the ebookstore, elending, DRM and payment gateway solutions are integrated to a publisher website.
Lektz DRM[7] is a proprietary eBook DRM technology of AEL Data.[4] Lektz DRM secures eBooks from being copied and transmitted without appropriate rights and permissions. When publishers upload their eBooks in the Lektz platform, they can choose to enable DRM security for their eBooks which is decrypted when synced with the Lektz reader.[3]
There are three levels of protection:
- eBook encryption
- eBook accessing device control
- User account credentials verification
The Lektz DRM mechanism is designed as a closed system, is implemented by protecting the eBooks with the system software, which also acts as an eBook reader (Lektz reader). To secure the eBooks, all the eBooks that are sold via publisher's website are embedded with a security mechanism, and will only be permitted to open using Lektz e-reader software. Lektz DRM can be integrated with publishers'existing websites or portals to secure their eBooks from piracy and to provide a secured platform to sell and distribute their books online.[3]
Ebook reader[edit]
Lektz eBook Reader is a reader application for Android, iOS and PC (stand-alone and Google Chrome Extension).It supports PDF, EPUB2 and EPUB3 ebook formats. It was launched by AEL Data Services in May, 2012. The Lektz reader provides full support to Non-DRM ebooks while the DRM support is limited to ebooks that are secured using the Lektz Proprietary DRM. The Lektz eBook Reader supports freeflow EPUB across varied platforms.
An exclusive variant of the Lektz reader is Al-Lektz, which is developed distinctively for the Middle-East and North African ebook users. It has a default RTL (Right to Left) orientation and Arabic compatible user interface.
Dyslektz eBook reader is another exclusive application that was launched during the first week of June 2013 on Google Play and Apple App store. This reader is intended to enable users with dyslexia to read ebooks on their smartphones and tablets. Any ebook imported into the Dyslektz Reader is converted into OpenDyslexic font that makes digital content more accessible to dyslexics.[8][9][10][11][12]
The elending solution developed by Lektz adds the online library functionality to a publisher's website where ebooks can be borrowed through a reader application for a periodic subscription. Lektz incorporates this component as a standalone as well as an integrated solution to a publisher website.
Ebook store[edit]
The ebook store is one of the major components of the Lektz ebook business solution. Publishers can set up their own virtual e-book store in Lektz platform to upload and manage their e-books and make it available for sales. It also provides a back-end content management system where the publishers can track and manage their sales and view consumer analytics.
See also[edit]
- Edulektz
- ^ a b "Publishersweekly article". April 13, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Digital Solutions in India 2013". April 15, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
- ^ a b c "Publicon 2012 Digital Publishing" (PDF). September 3–4, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
- ^ a b http://content.yudu.com/A1wi2s/lbf2012digiminds/resources/12.htm
- ^ a b c "Exact Editions article". April 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
- ^ http://www.londonbookfair.co.uk/en/Sessions/1847/Lektz-A-Fully-Integrated-Approach-to-eReaders-DRM-eBook-Stores-and-eLending
- ^ http://www.go4epub.com/epub-format.html
- ^ http://legalpronews.findlaw.com/quote/0cLsdmDeM11xQ#
- ^ http://sticksandstones.kstrom.com/purchase.html
- ^ http://bbebooksthailand.com/blog/epub3-enhancement-ebooks.html
- ^ http://nbwulf.wordpress.com/tag/lektz/
- ^ http://www.daisy.org/techwatch-2013-04b
- ^ http://bitelia.com/2012/11/extensiones-para-leer-ebooks-desde-el-navegador Review of Lektz by the Bitelia
- ^ http://creatve.wordpress.com/2012/11/23/epub-reader-comparision-grid/ Lektz tagged by Creatve Studios
- ^ http://www.mathjax.org/resources/epub-readers/ Lektz tagged by mathjax
- ^ https://ebookpublishersblog.wordpress.com/ Lektz tagged by ebookpublishersblog
- ^ http://lektz-ael.over-blog.com/


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Bike Park
2015 Norco Rental Bikes Now On Sale! Call 705 835 2790 ext 1822 to purchase!
The Bike Barn is now open for service! Take advantage of our Standard Tune Up to keep your bike in top shape for only $50. Kids bike safety checks are just $15 (on bikes with 16" wheels or smaller).
Horseshoe Resort is pleased to have Andrew Doble return as head technician for 2016. With over 30 years of experience tuning bikes and bike fitting, Andrew can make your next ride the best ride. Contact Andrew to book an appointment at firstname.lastname@example.com
Horseshoe Resort boasts 400 acres of single track terrain in the Copeland forest or if road biking is more your style Oro-Medonte has more than 800km of paved rural roads.
Park Pricing:
|Park Pricing
|Trail Pass
|Rental Pricing
|Cross Country - 4 hours
|Cross Country - Full Day
- Helmets are mandatory; for those under 18 years for Cross Country Biking
- Riders under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult or guardian
- Release of Liability Waiver - Please print and have parent or guardian sign before coming to the resort for anyone under 18 years of age that is renting
- Rentals require a credit card to be held on file
Click for more information
- Bike trail maps - coming soon!
- Ride Guides Bike Tours


text:
We will see?
Sentiment: Buy
Apparently not. Looks like we are closing in on $35. I bought a few shares and sold the $35 calls expiring tomorrow for .50 to reduce my cost basis. I don't expect it to be called away. I think we will see a lower market tomorrow, going into the weekend with no progress on fiscal cliff.
I bought heavy at 35.70 we will soon find out if I am the fool?


text:
Top Definition
A cunt which is red and swollen around the labia. Caused due to an intense session of slapping (swaffling)the outer cunt in an intense rhymatic fashion using a semi erect bashing penis.
Tim felt highly satisfied after swaffling Lianne's cunt so hard she had Cunt Sores for days after. He then came on her face.
by MegaMartins May 06, 2009
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
a person/place/thing one finds utterly detestable
that loud-mouthed cuntsore at the bar fucked my soulmate.
by finishmeoff October 16, 2006


text:
Articles Archive for November 2011
Announcements, Blog, Featured »
The Transatlantic – Journal of Economics and Philosophy – is now calling for submissions to be published in its third issue on "Education & Innovation". After two published issues comprising articles by undergraduates, postgraduates and guests we are again inviting students and scholars from all over the world to approach the new topic in various ways. Possible subtopics include, but are by no means limited to:
– Economics Education/Education Economics
– Education and Development
– Innovation and Growth
– Intellectual Property
– Elitism and Economics
– Brain Drain
If you have an outstanding piece on some other …


text:
(based on 34 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
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3 Stars
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of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Reviewed by 34 customers
Displaying reviews 1-10
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Old School
By Nostalgic One
from Palatine, IL
Comments about Butter Spreader For Corn:
Had one of these growing up. Love it!
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Good for buttering corn
By Wright
from Florida
About Me Casual Cook
Used these for many years...Do a good job of buttering corn...
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
It's a great no-mess item.
By Little Bean
from St. Louis, MO
It is an inexpensive item that will last for years and is so useful. It's great for corn on the cob because it spreads butter evenly without making a mess. It can be used to spread butter on toast,too. If you need a pat of butter, you can push out the amount you want, then cut it off with a knife. I love it.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
I would buy this product again and again
By None
from Illinois
Great product
love this speader
By sandii50
from ogden ut
gets the butter right where you want it
Makes a sloppy job easy.
By PeggyD91
from Newark, DE
About Me Avid Cook
Nothing better for corn on the cob. Only works if the butter is at room temperature. Doesn't work right out of the frig.
(2 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
By Sofia
from San Francisco, CA
The tub is too short leaving 1 inch of butter uncovered. I have to cut the extra butter to close it. I have to take the butter out before using it because it gets very hard and it's difficult to push it out.
Handy Item
By Mr. T
from C. B., IA
Works well when the butter is soft. If refrigerated, hard to push thru.
Butter the Corn not the plate
By Grandpa Fran
from Lockport, NY
Easy to use. Puts the butter on the cob and not all over the plate
oh so helpful
By sallykayak
from foothills of the Adirondacks
for those who like butter or margarine on their corn on the cob, this is the way to go. it is easy, and not messy.


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Syria's telecom sector of key importance in times of turmoil
Syria today is a country which has been in the midst of civil war for a number of years. This volatile environment is disastrous for Syria's infrastructure and unfortunately it is the telecommunications networks and equipment which become key targets for attacks by the opposing forces.
The existing government of a country involved in civil war might also shut down the communication systems in order to hinder strategic warfare by the opposition. Power failures have also contributed to telecoms outages in Syria. Whatever the reason behind the various outages the outcome is that it creates havoc for citizens and severely impacts on the countries' ability to function.
There have been a number of times in recent years when the Internet and mobile system in Syria has been shut down with no traffic reported for short periods. There is great power to be had by both controlling and destroying telecoms infrastructure in a war where every little advantage counts. A functioning telecoms system is a valuable lifeline to relay information to the outside world and social media in particular is often used to communicate developments from a war-torn country. By shutting down such communication methods it can be difficult for outsiders to obtain an unbiased view of the reality of a situation.
From hacking computers in order to intercept tactical information; using television platforms and social media to broadcast distorted or inflammatory messages and wiping out mobile network towers in order to stop the free flow of information the world has heard many reports of telecommunication services being used for strategic purposes in many recent civil wars.
For the citizens of Syria, many who are already considered poor and have been displaced from their homes a number of times the lack of telecommunication services is just one more burden in a country where public hospitals, water, food, schools and fuel supplies have all been compromised. A lack of telecoms services also severely hampers on the ability of outreach workers to co-ordinate humanitarian aid efforts.
Prior to the civil conflict - Syria had installed an extensive fixed-line infrastructure in terms of the number of lines. STE had also deployed equipment to support the delivery of broadband services and increased transmission capacity to provide the requisite bandwidth. While these were positive signs - the current situation in Syria means its telecommunications infrastructure is very vulnerable - making it difficult to see any significant progress ahead for the sector in the near future. However the very fact that telecoms services are utility in nature means that the infrastructure is likely to be restored again once fighting ceases and the country stabilises.
Sector | 2012 | 2014
Subscribers to telecoms services (million): (e)
Fixed Broadband | 0.38 | 0.342
Fixed-line telephony | 4.42 | 3.98
Mobile phone | 12.9 | 15.5
Key developments:
Syria has a tightly controlled market where the domestic and international fixed-line market remains under the strict monopoly of the government-owned Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE). STE is currently the sole provider of infrastructure and is responsible for all types of telecommunications, including Internet bandwidth.
Syria's mobile market is served by a duopoly comprised of two operators, MTN Syria and Syriatel.
In January 2015, both Syriatel and MTN Syria were awarded long-term freehold licences by the Syrian authorities, valid until December 2034. These replace the previous build, operate and transfer arrangement.
Companies covered in this report include:
Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE), MTN Syria, Syriatel. SHOW LESS READ MORE >
1. Executive Summary
2. Key statistics
2.1 Country overview
3. Telecommunications market
3.1 The current market
4. Regulatory environment
4.1 Historic overview
4.2 Regulatory authority
4.3 Telecom sector liberalisation in Syria
4.4 Interconnect
5. Fixed network operators in Syria
5.1 Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE)
6. Telecommunications infrastructure
6.1 National telecom network
7. Telecommunications infrastructure
7.1 Overview of the national telecom network
7.2 International infrastructure
8. Broadband access market
8.1.1 Internet and broadband statistics
8.2 ISP market
8.3 Fibre-to-the-Premises (FttP) and Fibre-To-The-Home (FttH)
8.4 Wireless broadband
9. Digital economy
9.1 Introduction
9.2 e-Government
9.3 e-Health
9.4 e-Education
9.5 Social media
9.6 Broadcasting
10. Mobile communications
10.1 Overview of Syria's mobile market
10.1.1 Mobile statistics
10.2 Regulatory issues
10.2.1 Third mobile licence
10.2.2 Current BOT contracts/Long term free hold licenses
10.3 Mobile technologies
10.4 Major mobile operators
10.4.1 Syriatel
10.4.2 MTN Syria
10.5 Mobile voice services
10.5.1 Prepaid
10.5.2 Satellite mobile
10.6 Mobile data
10.6.1 Mobile broadband
10.6.2 Mobile content and applications
11. Related reports
Table 1 Country statistics Syria
Table 2 Telephone network statistics 2014
Table 3 Broadband statistics Syria - 2013
Table 4 Mobile statistics Syria - 2014
Table 5 National telecommunications authorities
Table 6 GDP growth and inflation 2005 2015
Table 7 Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1995 - 2014
Table 8 Fixed Internet subscriptions and households with internet access 2005 - 2013
Table 9 Fixed broadband subscribers 2004 - 2013
Table 10 International Internet bandwidth 2004 - 2014
Table 11 Mobile subscribers and penetration rate 1999 - 2014
Table 12 Syriatel Revenue and Net Profit 2005 - 2013
Table 13 MTN Syria Revenue and CAPEX 2009 - 2014
Table 14 MTN Syria Subscribers, ARPU and MOU 2009 - 2014
Table 15 Active Mobile Broadband Subscriptions 2009 - 2014
Syrian Telecommunication Establishment (STE)
MTN Syria


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The GEM Hotel SoHo
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- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
Photos of The GEM Hotel SoHo
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Historical Traveler Reviews The GEM Hotel SoHo New York City
Just love the location
Stayed here twice now. It's smart, spotless and good value but it's the location that wins it the points. The slightly grungy lower east side is just about the perfect position from which to explore the rest of the city. Away from the frantic tourist areas, it is surrounded by some cracking bars, a knish bakery next door and the famous Katz Diner - 'When Harry met Sally' - just a couple of blocks away. Could quite happily move in!
Awesome value
Very clean, staff extremely accomodating, great location! Right around the corner from CBGB's, a few blocks from east village, little Italy, close to subway, right next store to a 96 yr old knish bakery that just kicks butt for breakfast. I will definatley be staying again. Highly recomended.
Good value
Stayed here for 3 nights for NYU Law school graduation. The hotel was a good value, and the proximity to NYU, Chinatown, and the subway (F/V lines) was great.
The free breakfeast entailed your choices of coffee, milk, Orange Juice, and muffins.
Would stay at this hotel again if I was in the area again.
Small room, but clean and affordable!
This hotel was referred to me by a friend of mine who lives in Brooklyn. The rates were reasonable (especially for NYC). I loved the area. Someone said it was "a dicey neighborhood" but I thought it was average, but I live in Venice Beach, so who knows! The hotel was right next to the subway, which we took everywhere! The rooms were small, but clean. I never saw the same person at the front desk twice. The waiting area at night had some weirdos hanging around at times, otherwise I felt safe. The hotel was close to all sorts of shopping and if you like Knish, there is an amazing knish bakery right next door! I would definitely stay at this hotel again.
A great value...I'll be back
I had a wonderful stay here. The refurbished room was small but very tastefully done for a hotel chain. Spotless. Friendly front desk. Great location near the Village, Soho. Subway just around the corner. The immediate neighborhood is a little dicey but that's OK with me.
Unbeatable price for New York. I know where I'll stay every time I go to the Big Apple.
Great location, great price, great little hotel!
I work in hotels so am usually very picky about where I stay and would normally not consider a HoJo. However, the price and location were too good to pass up, since I wanted to be in the Bowery/Chinatown/Soho area where my friends live and work, and the Soho Grand was just not in my budget! I was pleasantly surprised by the size of the room (roomy), the view from my room (could see the Empire State and the Chrysler), the staff was competent and the room was very clean. Would definitely stay here again. Right next door is a cool independent movie theater and lots of coffee places right down the block.
Convenient to LES and SOHO, great value!
Great location convenient to the Lower East Side, East Village, and SOHO. Near excellent local shopping, delis, restaurants for all pocket books, and a variety of local music venues. Very courteous staff, clean rooms, nice views of Roosevelt Park. Just across the street from the Lower East Side/2nd St. subway station. Great value for the price!
Reaaly a good deal.
This is a very convenient accommodation alternative to explore the Lower East Side/Soho area. This area has a colorful night life with trendy clubs and restaurants. So you can stay out until late and then simply walk up to your room with no need to worry about taking a cab or the subway. Very close to a subway station and the typical quality level found in any hotel chain room. Rates are very reasonable considering it's Manhattan.
Almost Wonderful
The hotel was, with the exception of one issue (see below) a great place to stay. The rooms were clean and well-kept, decent sized. The hotel itself was not too big, and I think that made it fairly nice because there wasn't very much to manage. Definetely the quality you would expect from a larger hotel chain. Located in lower Manhattan, it's very close to everything that's convenient. There's a subway entrance about 300 feet from the hotel door (And you do not hear it anywhere inside), convenience stores, Domino's pizza. Close to some tourist attractions. This hotel does not have parking, and there are not many parking garages nearby. Be warned that if you want to park at NEARBY garages, you will pay for it - a 2-day stay at the hotel will cost you $60 in parking fees. Suggestion: drop off and check in, and then cruise the city a bit for something cheaper, riding the subway back. Last but not least, I had an issue with the overall cost. I was quoted one price over the phone, and then charged over twice that there. I do not believe it was done intentionally, but I would recommend using words like, "So that is xxx dollars per night, for a total of yyy dollars, correct?".
Great deal! Best budget pick in NYC
Very clean, newly renovated and nicely designed rooms with amenities(in room hairdryers, full bath, coffee makers, good tv, fresh coffee in lobby) that you wouldn't expect at this price. Perfect location for exploring lower east side, east/west village/soho. If you want a private room with private bath at an exceptional price for NYC, this is it.
TripAdvisor Reviews The GEM Hotel SoHo New York City
Travel Blogs from New York City
Living the Life
... young people but I am devastated 4 out of 5 days of the week by things I learn about them. They're tough because of what they've gone through and where they are now. It's no wonder that some of them act up in school. But all of that makes me love working with them even more.
To go along with that, I am going to be the 8th grade girl's basketball coach! The after school program begins October 13th ...
Exploring New York Day 1
Woke up around 7:30am from the bright light shining into our room. We have a coffee machine in our room so Aaron kindly starts the brewing and we enjoy a coffee each in bed watching the news. I never thought how much I would enjoy waking up in a king bed, coffee in hand, watching the news… but it was really nice. I love the camping and the wilderness, but we haven't done this in a long time and it was really needed.
We have a pretty cruisy ...
Manhattan Island Marathon Swim (MIMS) 2015
... top.
The third boat hasn't reappeared hope Pat is okay?
Lots of message on Facebook:
Steve Williams - come on Bryan..hurry up !
Lynne Brydon - Yankee Stadium smile emoticon, smile emoticon, hugs to Bryan on the finish line
Guac is extra
... t know so I can hold it over her head, which is nice *The mob is the mafia. You probably don't know that word. *You want to pay for your drink? Of course not. Why are you emasculating me? *Back to your hotel? You're not going to sleep with me? Why? I am really hot. This never happens to me. Can I drive you to your hotel so you can tell me why? I don't care, by the way, but you should know most ...
Day 10: Rain and Snow
... up on washing, blogging, news from home and some good old American TV.
An early day tomorrow as we are planning on getting up early to grab a good viewing spot for the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade.
It was also very sad to learn of the death of Phillip Hughes, an Australian test cricketer. As a cricket tragic I am deeply saddened by Hughes' death and the freakish way he died. Sad for everyone in the cricketing ...


text:
ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Costumes Made
Here are costumes that I have made. Some may be worn by other ACParadise users, who have given me credit.
Worn by Others
1 0344 ViewsMorinaga Tetsuhiro
(Worn by Chu)
1 1391 ViewsKurusu Shou
(Worn by Chu)
1 0525 ViewsKurisu Makise
(Worn by Chu)


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Chrissy Rogers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Chrissy Rogers
|Brookside character
|Portrayed by
|Eithne Brown
|1987-91, 1993
|First appearance
|1 December 1987
|Last appearance
|15 November 1993
|Created by
|Phil Redmond
|Former; regular
|School Governor
Chrissy Rogers (née Morgan) is a fictional character in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside played by Eithne Brown from 1987 to 1991. She was married to Frank Rogers, and they had two daughters, Sammy and Katie. She left in 1991 on the collapse on their marriage, but briefly returned two years later after Frank's death in a car crash.
Chrissy was a fairly politicised character known for her left wing views often similar to those of Bobby Grant. In 1989 she becomes a school governor.[1] In 1990 Chrissy attempts to mobilise the neighbours in to protesting against the building of Brookside Parade near their homes, a campaign that is ultimately fruitless. Later in the year she is made redundant, however later gets a job as a school secretary.[2]
- ^ Graham Kibble-White; Phil Redmond (2002-11-04). 20 Years of Brookside. p. 63. ISBN 9781842227640.
- ^ Graham Kibble-White; Phil Redmond (2002-11-04). 20 Years of Brookside. p. 67. ISBN 9781842227640.
|This article about a soap opera character is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
skadate custom payment portal configuration
This project received 10 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $188 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids10
Project Description
Hello Dear sir / madam
I have a skadate based website and I want to get a local payment portal for all of y website's transactions which is not in the list of payment methods in skadate CMS.
I need someone who will be really professional in skadate and also PHP. It has really simple guide which I will give you after choosing as my website's developer for this project.
In the payment portal website is written that this project takes just 10 minutes!
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
Hire Freelancers who also bid on this project
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HourlyLess than 30 hrs/week
First Group is hiring someone who can enter the data provided by the company.
The individual will be given a list of sites and will have to prepare a sales list with Construction Company Name, Project Name, Site Address, Exact Start Date, and Exact Completion Date. After completing the sales list (save it in the word document), you will have to enter the list into CRM at ZOHO (username and password will be provided).
The deadline of this project completion is March 18, 2013
Skills: typing
About the Client
Abbotsford 12:29 PM
Jobs Posted
45% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
22 Hires, 0 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
984 Hours


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703-481-8156 | More Info
"This is an art lovers paradise. Many professionals create beautiful works of art and display them in this gallery. Art pieces range from paintings, sculptures and jewellery. This ..."
"They have an incredible selection of art items from painted furniture, decorative home items to a choice of gift selections. Their glass items are truely beautiful. They even ..."
"I was here only once and I must say I was truely impressed by the wonderful collection of paintings they had on display. It was expensive but worth ..."
"I have only been in this gallery two times, but my wife and several friends have purchased gifts for me from Windrush Gallery. I have a beautiful hand-blown ..."
"I have been to so many bridal stores in the MD/DC area but nothing tops the Bridal Closet. This past Saturday I went to a shop in Rockville, ..."
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text:
I haven't really done much sewing in the last few months. Besides following along the construction of the house, I have been spending a lot of time working ahead on projects for next year. (I hope you will enjoy what is coming!)
Angie Padilla
I am a self-learner. I taught myself to sew and to quilt. And I taught myself how to draw. I am learning how to dye my own fabrics and am dabbling with mixed media. I am a quilt designer and teacher, and design and publish my own line of quilt patterns. With this blog I would like to share the bits and pieces of my life.
Visit our Websites for Hundreds of Patterns!
Join our Mailing List
Angie's BOMs
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Recent Comments
- Loretta on Free BOMs – 2016
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- Irene on Time with Lulu


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Bullying gone wrong
malyg posted on Mar 14, 2011 10:18:45 AM - Report post
big up all da people from the westside crew
hate the eastside crew
hate the eastside crew
DABhand posted on Mar 14, 2011 10:24:24 AM - Report post
Nice one
When I was at school when I was a young lad, there was a chubby kid called James Arrow, a bit feminine in his ways and one guy always annoyed him and bullied him.
One day James snapped and one punch to the guys face and knocked him out for a whole 5 minutes. Nobody bullied him again, bad thing was James was expelled from school - but yet they didnt help him with the bullying initially.
Oh yeah this was when we were all 9 year old.
Great site for new games with constant deals
Click Here for G2Play for great deals
Oh and Don't forget some tuts on ASM and defeating DMA
Clicky Here for them
Click Here for G2Play for great deals
Oh and Don't forget some tuts on ASM and defeating DMA
Clicky Here for them
saurabhfzd posted on Mar 14, 2011 10:33:49 AM - Report post
when i was in boarding school i remember this really humungus dude that had a very feminine air about him too and a lot of my class mates teased/bullied him often to the point of it bit being very disgusting..i never teased him and he never reacted to others doing it to him till one fine day i and some of those friends were in a way over our heads kinda tiff with some seniors and this guy came to our aid and almost single-handedly beat the crap out of those guys. the teasing/bullying stopped almost instantly. thankfully he was let off with a slap on his wrist
"Do you know the difference between education and experience? Education is when you read the fine print; experience is what you get when you don't"
Telapicus_old posted on Mar 14, 2011 10:53:44 AM - Report post
damn reminds me of my highschool days same thing happend to me (i was the fat kid)
AdmiralThrawn posted on Mar 14, 2011 10:56:58 AM - Report post
Facespace is lame.
Keep Calm
Throw a blanket over it
Ten minutes of entertainment, crammed into three hours.
Neo7 posted on Mar 14, 2011 11:24:27 AM - Report post
originally posted by AdmiralThrawn
Facespace is lame.
It's a video. A big guy is getting bullied by this small guy. Big guy snaps and power slams him into the ground.
Your bitterness, I will dispel
Dhampy posted on Mar 14, 2011 2:24:31 PM - Report post
Here's a youtube version with proper soundtrack.
In the end they will lay their freedom at our feet and say to us, 'Make us your slaves, but feed us.'
List of CHU'ers on deviantART--SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL DEVIANTS!
List of CHU'ers on deviantART--SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL DEVIANTS!
AdmiralAckbar posted on Mar 14, 2011 4:21:46 PM - Report post
originally posted by malyg
Ouch! His ancestors felt htat.
Ok I realize that the shrimp was asking for it, but the power slam could've created a problem for the big kid.
Ayy lmao
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The EMS/Trauma Committee represents CHA members that provide emergency medical and/or trauma services in the State of California, and serves in an advisory capacity to the CHA Board of Trustees regarding EMS/Trauma member needs, policies and legislation.
The purposes of the Committee shall be:
Darlene Bradley, RN, PhD, MSN
Director, Emergency Trauma Services; University of California, Irvine, Orange
Carla Schneider, MSN, MICN, CEN Emergency Department Director; Hoag Memorial Presbyterian Hospital; Newport Beach
Darlene Bradley, RN, PhD, MSN
Director, Emergency Trauma Services; University of California, Irvine, Orange
Nancy Blake, PhD, RN
Director, Patient Care/Critical Care Services; Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Neal Cline, RN, JD, CFRN
Sr. Flight Nurse, Enloe Flight Care
Assistant Chief, Butte County EMS
STEMI Manager
PreHospital Clinical Coordinator
Community Paramedic Manager
Enloe Medical Center, Chico
Connie Cunningham, RN Executive Director, Pre-Hospital, Emergency & Trauma Services; Loma Linda University Med Center
Karla Earnest, RN
Pediatric Trauma Program Manager; Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford
Ross Fay, MBA
Regional Director; California Shock Trauma Air Rescue, Concord
Allison Kerr, RN, MSN
Vice-President, Neuroscience Service Line\Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Operations; Stanford Health Care, Stanford
Frank Maas, RN
Director, Emergency Center, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange
Karen Murrell, MD
Assistant Physician in Chief; Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento
Jim Pierson
Vice President of Operations; Medic Ambulance, Vallejo
Kimberlee Roberts, MPHDirector, Clinical Services; Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla
Chris Walker, MS, RN, NP, CNS, CCRN, CEN Director of Emergency Services; Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego
Aaron Wolff, RN Director, Performance Excellence; Dignity Health, San Francisco
Eric Morikawa, Chief
Field Operations Branch, Region II
California Department of Public Health
Licensing and Certification Program, Sacramento
Farid Nasr, MD
California EMS Authority, Rancho Cordova
Bonnie Sinz, RN, BS
State Trauma System Coordinator; California EMS Authority, Rancho Cordova
Ron Smith, LVN/EMT1A
Disaster Response Coordinator, Terrorism Liaison Officer
California Department of Public Health
Licensing and Certification Program, Sacramento
Chi Perlroth, MD, FACEP
Emergency Room Physician, Walnut Creek
Lawrence Stock, MD, FACEP
Vice Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Lancaster
Heather Venezio, RN
Trauma Program Director, North Bay Medical Center, Fairfield
Jaime Garcia
Regional Vice President of the Greater Los Angeles Area
Hospital Association of Southern California, Los Angeles
David Serrano Sewell
Regional Vice President, Hospital Council, San Francisco
Judith YatesSenior Vice President, Hospital Association of San Diego & Imperial Counties, San Diego
BJ Bartleson, RN, MS, NEA-BC
Vice President, Nursing & Clinical Services
California Hospital Association, Sacramento
Cheri Hummel
Vice President, Emergency Management & Facilities
California Hospital Association, Sacramento
Ronda Fricke
Administrative Assistant
California Hospital Association, Sacramento
With more Californians insured, the pressure is on to provide the care our patients need and deserve. No blueprint exists to fix our complicated delivery system. It's up to us to create real and lasting change through partnerships and innovative practices. The Emergency Services Forum lays the foundation for change by convening industry thought leaders, and sharing innovative practices and programs. This one-day program is full of content that will inspire and challenge your thinking.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has released a new Trauma Toolbox for Primary Care. Designed to help primary care practices increase understanding of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their impact on health, the toolbox offers suggestions for talking with families and provides recommendations on preparing the medical home to address ACEs and other traumatic events. The six-part series includes information on how ACEs contribute to adult physical and mental health outcomes; initial suggestions for pediatricians to consider when addressing ACEs in their practices; ways to protect physician wellness when working with children who have experienced ACEs and more. For more information, visit the AAP Trauma Guide web page.
Webinar Recorded Live on May 29, 2014
When an ED becomes crowded, the entire hospital can suffer
In 2011, CHA's EMS/Trauma Committee partnered with Dr. Steven Weiss to develop CEDOCS — the Community Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale — to measure and rate ED crowding.
Special resource toolkit developed by CHA's EMS/Trauma Committee and the Center for Behavioral Health. Designed to help staff provide support to patients in the ED with psychosis and/or substance abuse disorders, this toolkit provides access to articles, policies, management techniques, assessment tools and more. Click the topic tabs below to access resources and information.
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Accessibility tools
Service tools
Navigation path
Additional tools
Many EU countries adopt formal strategic documents laying out goals and plans for their road safety work.
For an overview of the best practices, see Road safety planning – national approaches(324 kB) .
These are not formal recommendations by the Commission, but rather intended to stimulate further thought. More examples may be added over time.
The document was prepared by the EU's High Level Group on Road Safety – which brings together road safety representatives from EU governments – based on analysis of national practices and ideas.
We will also publish on this page national road safety strategies/action plans, as they become available.
Click on the map below to access information about individual countries