text:
NARS Shimmer Eyeshadow, Kamchatka
Product informationLuminous, light-reflecting shades for shading, highlighting and lining eyes. Highly pigmented, longwearing, crease resistant colours that can be applied sheer or layered for more dramatic effects. Colour glides on smoothly, evenly and blends effortlessly.
• True colour application.
• Can be applied dry or with a dampened brush for stronger intensity.
• Multi-function use for shading, lining and highlighting the eyes.
• Sophisticated, luminous shades.
- Brand
- Eyeshadow Type
- Powder
- Makeup Finish
- Shimmer
- Size
- 2.2g
- Unit Price
- £81.81 per 10g
Brand Story
Makeup artist. Photographer. Iconoclast. François Nars is one of the most influential image-makers in the world. His rule-breaking philosophy of beauty celebrates bold originality, supporting decades of fashion world collaborations with designers such as Marc Jacobs and Karl Lagerfeld. The brand, born of François' fascination with colour purity, debuted with 12 original high-pigment lipsticks at Barney's New York. Twenty years and countless collections later, NARS continues to bring high fashion, high style, and forward thinking to beauty.
Click & collect
- Click & collect from John Lewis and Waitrose shops tomorrow from 2pm
- £2.00
- Collect + from a local shop from Tuesday, postcode exclusions apply
- £3.50
UK delivery
- Standard delivery within 5 working days
- £3.50
- Named or Saturday UK delivery
- £6.95
- Named day UK delivery pre-10.30am
- £9.95
International delivery not available
We want you to be happy with your purchase. If you're not, depending on the type of product, you can make free returns in the UK via John Lewis shops, Royal Mail, Collect+, or MyHermes. If you need to arrange collection of large or heavy items, call us on 03456 049 049. For international returns queries, call us on +44 1698 545 454. Find out more about returns.
You'll find returns information on your delivery note. Unless faulty, we'd like you to make your return within 90 days of purchase. Exceptions apply to certain products - find out more about our refund policy.
Q & As
UK delivery£3.50
Standard delivery within 5 working days
Click & collect£2.00
Click & collect from John Lewis and Waitrose shops tomorrow from 2pm
Collect+ from a local shop from Tuesday


text:
Carrot Cake & Cream Cheese Icing
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 30 mins
This recipe is out of the Western Producer newspaper. We have made this so many times I just couldn't tell you how many! Always perfect and always a crowd pleaser! All our neighbours who have dropped by our home have always asked for seconds!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 cup sugar
- 1⁄2 cup canola oil
- 1⁄2 cup applesauce (subsistution 1/2 cup crushed pineapple)
- 3 eggs
- 1 1⁄2 cups carrots
- 1⁄2 cup walnut pieces (substitution 1/2 cup pecans)
- 1 1⁄2 cups flour (all-purpose)
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons baking powder
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons baking soda
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄3 cup margarine (subsistution1/3 cup butter)
- 4 ounces cream cheese (softened)
- 2 cups icing sugar
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- 1 tablespoon orange juice
- 1 teaspoon orange peel (grated)
- Preheat oven to 350°F.
- Spray a 13 x 9 inch rectangular pan with cooking spray.
- In a small bowl, whisk sugar, oil, applesauce or crushed pineapple and eggs until smooth.
- Stir in grated carrot and nuts.
- In a large mixing bowl, combine flour baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon and salt.
- Stir liquid mixture into flour mixture, and mix until flour is just moistened.
- Spread the batter in the prepared pan.
- Bake 30 to 40 minutes or until wooden pick comes out clean.
- Cool cake in pan set on wire rack.
- Cake can be turn out upside down in about 15 minutes so cake can cool completely before icing.
- Icing.
- Cream margarine and cream cheese together.
- Add icing sugar, vanilla, and enough orange juice to make a fairly stiff icing.
- Ice cake and sprinkle with orange peel.
- Chill to set icing.
- Note:.
- If you want to ice the sides of the cake as well use 8 oz of cream cheese instead of 4oz.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hello! Try our exciting live chat line brought to you by TalkToMe.com, where you can talk live for ten minutes, absolutely FREE!! Hundreds of hot, horny housewives, college students and the girl next door call all day & night, cruising for hot talk with guys like you! You must be over 18 and you will be able to extend the call for only $0.69 a minute.
Member Login
Create free account or receive up to 40 free minutes with your first purchase.
This week's updates are full of last minute entries for AVN nominations, including movies from two brand new studios. These are definitel
Pretty Dirty's The Feral Woman is yet another smoking VOD exclusive on HotMovies! Featuring the 2-part story of The Feral Woman,
Infidelity runs rampant in this week's new releases. Don't cheat yourself out of seeing any of these movies from this week's additions es
My Cousin is a Whore is the latest in Dorcel's Is a Whore series, and it's our latest VOD exclusive! Without giving the whole st
Some people might believe that porn stars are vapid and dumb. But y'know what? Those people are totally misinformed, and they couldn't
Everyone knows the thrill of catching someone in the act. A bikini busting loose at the beach, a girl leaving the door open a cr
-Greg Schiano, Rutgers University Football Coach
Besides some fucked up, green water and Ryan Lochte's bizarre, fake-ass robbery, the Rio 2016 Olympics should be considered an overall su
Calling all gamers, RPG specialists, ComicCon geeks, Trekkies, and role play fanatics! We've all had fun playing dress-up and
There's nothing I love more than when the XXX world takes a spin on something innocuous like a fairytale and turns it into a super sexy d
Director Roma Amor and new Euro porn studio SinfulXXX make distinctly styled adult films that are unlike anything I've seen in X
Kinky Cuckold 3 ups the cuck ante like never before! Severe Sex is known for pushing the envelope and showcasing the darker fant
You know JW Ties best as Daddy, and as the main man behind rapidly growing taboo studio Desperate Pleasures. Father's Day is thi
April is National Couples Appreciation month, which was "founded by Blissful Escapes 'to encourage couples to do something special to
As the marijuana industry heats up, bringing millions of dollars in tax revenue to the states that have legalized it, the promotional con
HotMovies.com is proud to announce that Jodi West won our 2016 Porn Star Tournament and is our current MVP! We spoke with Jodi t


text:
He was browsing through a flea market in New Hope about 25 years ago when he first eyed the dark, varnish-covered document behind a cracked glass pane amid other old frames.
Tom Lingenfelter felt drawn to the relic, though it was "filthy and disintegrating." Was this a souvenir copy of the Declaration of Independence issued during the nation's 1876 Centennial?
Lingenfelter spotted the words Anastatic Fac-simile printed on the document, decided to buy it for $100, then stored it for about 15 years, not realizing what he had.
Not until 2006, when he learned about an ingenious but destructive early copying process and compared his Declaration with another rare anastatic copy, held by the National Park Service at Independence National Historical Park.


text:
Laser Resurfacing
Laser Resurfacing WORTH IT RATING* DETAILS
in the last 24 months
in the last 12 months
over all time
Harnessing the power of light, laser resurfacing treats a variety of dermal conditions, ranging from acne scars to age spots. Listen for these two categories of lasers: ablative (ones that remove thin layers of skin) and nonablative (those that tighten skin and stimulate collagen growth). LEARN MORE ›
- Average Price: $2,300
Reviews from the Community
80 Years Old and Laser Treatment in Melbourne, Florida
I saw Dr. Clevens for total laser resurfacing on February 18th. Actually, I'm 80 years old and I am just thrilled to have this done. After seeing my before pictures, now I don't know why I didn't do it sooner. I found out about his office through my primary care physician. Dr. Clevens is ve... READ MORE
42 Year Old, Puffy Under Eyes - Festoons - Santa Rosa, CA
I hated how old my face was looking and would avoid looking in the mirror. When I visited Dr Furness I was expecting her to advise eye surgery or some kind of removal. Surprisingly she suggested Full Face Laser Resurfacing. The results were amazing! I'm still continuing to heal and avoid the sun... READ MORE
Dr. Todd Miller is Incredible ! I Highly Recommend Him. Newport Beach, CA
I wanted to improve the look of my skin and decided on Laser Resurfacing. I'm a male in my late 40's and consulted many doctors until I found Dr. Todd Miller. After years of being in the sun both at the beach and in the mountains, I decided laser resurfacing seemed like a good option. I was... READ MORE
Facial Laser Procedure - Beverly Hills, CA
Had a laser procedure done with Dr. Emer. I cannot say enough good things about Dr. Emer and his staff. My skin looks fantastic: no more dark spots, lines reduced, turkey neck gone!! His staff took excellent care of me before, during and after. If you are thinking of having any cosmetic... READ MORE
Thrilled with the Results of Laser Resurfacing Thanks to Dr. Joel Cohen - Englewood, CO
I had been unhappy for some years about.deep vertical lines above my upper lip. I spent a long time researching possible treatments and laser techniques. My quest finally led me to Dr. Joel Cohen at About Skin Dermatology in Englewood, Colorado. I was impressed the moment I met Dr. Cohen, he was... READ MORE
Amazing Results - Denver, CO
After a full cosmetic consult with Dr. Cohen I did a series of laser resurfacing procedures. There was some downtime as anticipated, but it wasn't so bad, and actually totally worth it, as the results are really incredible. My skin is luminous and smooth. I also did some Botox to get a very... READ MORE
Great Results. Tampa, FL
Dr. Halpern has been my surgeon for three procedures, most recently laser resurfacing. I trust his judgement, he is skilled and very compassionate. I have had consults with other physicians for each procedure, but also feel the most comfortable with Dr. Halpern. He explains what he intends to... READ MORE
My First Laser Resurfacing Treatment - Newport Beach, CA
I went to Dr. Miller for my first DOT Laser treatment. The office staff was friendly, accommodating, and helpful. Dr. Miller is professional, kind, and answered all of my questions. I plan on going back for my next treatment in the fall. I got numbing cream on and then 30 minutes later he... READ MORE
Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing Procedure - Newport Beach, CA
For about six years in my fifties, I searched out plastic surgeons that I could trust with my face. I met/interviewed about eight surgeons. None of them rocked my boat. Not to say that they were all bad, just not what I was looking for. I'm a designer and have a very keen sense of design. I... READ MORE
My Go to Dr for Aging - Tampa, FL
With time comes wrinkles. I knew doing in that laser resurfacing can be painful but, the results are beautiful. I was well cared for and in following the after care instructions had great results. It can be a painful recovery, there are about 2 days that are really uncomfortable. But if you do... READ MORE
Irish Skin..need I Say More? - Cary, NC
I have always been an outdoor, active girl which tends to weather your skin. I'm not a sun worshiper, but I like to run, bike, hike, ski...all that takes it's toll on your skin. I also have 'delicate' irish skin which doesn't always wear well. I thought I was looking beyond my years and... READ MORE
Flawless! Albany, NY
Dr. Rockmore is a find. A true perfectionist, he's world class in every way. Compassionate and thorough, he takes the time to explain everything - before, during and after a procedure. Dr. Rockmore has performed 2 procedures for me, and the results are flawless. Follow-up care is outstanding. Dr... READ MORE
Laser Resurfacing in Omaha / Popp Cosmetic Surgery - Omaha, NE
This procedure takes some time for recovery, but it does give you entirely new facial skin and if you are willing to follow the steps to heal properly , you will be rewarded with a greatly rejuvenated complexion. If you go to Dr. Popp for a consultation (which I would highly recommend) you... READ MORE
Most Incredible Plastic Surgeon. Miami, FL
I would like to share my journey and express how thankful I am for my experience during my stay in Miami. It all started after 10 years of mostly wishing for eyebrows and for an eyebrow transplant among other procedures I was also interested to having done. Finally the day came and a couple of... READ MORE
40 Years Old - Looking Dull, Now All Refreshed! - Westchester, NY
I just turned 40 a few months ago, and felt I hit the big "milestone" of going downhill. My skin was dull and I lost that youthful look (and hence my confidence). I decided to treat myself to a birthday gift that would make me look and feel younger... yet not too intrusive. I turned to RealSelf... READ MORE
49 Years Old Laser Resurfacing ( Face ) - Beverly Hills, CA
I did a laser treatment for my face with Carrie at Dr. Leif Rogers' office. I had a great experience with the entire staff and I am overly exited by the great results. I loved the laser treatment!! My skin Looks more Clear and Healthy and my sun damage is gone. It improved my overal skin tone a... READ MORE
60 Years Old. Around Mouth and Chin - Naperville, IL
Got a face and chin lift and had resurfacing to smooth lines around mouth and chin. It looked fantastic. I'm very light and I was told my face would be red for months, but after a two weeks it was only pink and easily covered with makeup. Since I was under anesthesia, I felt no pain. Afterword... READ MORE
Great Results! - Beaverton, OR
Had the CO2 laser with Dr. Chan and I am so happy with the results. The procedure is easy to get through, but the recovery is a challenge. I called him several times after the procedure to make sure I was healing as expected. My eyes were swollen almost completely shut for about 2 days! The end... READ MORE
Mom in Her Mid-forties - Birmingham, MI
Having the CO2 fractional laser resurfacing was the BEST decision I ever made! I look 10 years younger. I had the in office procedure which took about 30 min and 45 min before that for the numbing cream. The procedure stung a little but it was very tolerable and the results are honestly just... READ MORE
Palomar Lux 1540 Laser Resurfacing for Acne Scars - Overland Park, KS
After suffering from cystic acne in my teens/early twenties and reducing it to cyclic breakouts in my thirties I was frustrated with my skin texture. I have tiny icepick acne scars, mostly on my cheeks. I have had chemical peels and microdermabrasion treatments, but it has been a few years. In... READ MORE


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 28, 1996
|Filing date
|Jan 13, 1995
|Priority date
|Aug 17, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael P. Chesterfield, Josep Serra, Ilya Koyfman
|Original Assignee
|United States Surgical Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (74), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (53), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application No. 08/072,344, filed Jun. 4, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,387, which is a file wrapper continuation of application Ser. No. 07/569,079, filed Aug. 17, 1990, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an improved apparatus and method for braiding fine denier yarns into sutures for surgical applications.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Braided products and apparatus for production of such products are well-known. However, for some time now, braiding machines have been directed to production of braided products of relatively bulky sizes for uses in applications in packaging, window blind pulls, braided rope or the like. In essence, the applications for such braided products are legion.
Typical of the braiding mechanisms used for such products are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 776,842 to Horwood, 1,154,964 to Bentley, 1,285,451 to Stanton, 1,358,173 to Penso et al., 1,486,527 to Larkin, 1,785,683 to Mallory, 2,079,836 to Brown et al., 2,200,323 to Barrans et al., 2,452,136 to Marti, 4,158,984 to Griffiths, 4,304,169 to Cimprich et al., 4,333,380 to Kozlowski, 4,716,807 to Fischer, 4,753,149 to Celani, 4,909,127 to Skelton et al. and 4,922,798 to Ivsan. British Patent Publication No. 138,069 dated Sep. 2, 1920 relates to improvements in such braiding devices.
Sutures intended for the repair of body tissues must meet certain requirements: they must be substantially non-toxic, capable of being readily sterilized, they must have good tensile strength and have acceptable knot-tying and knot-holding characteristics and if the sutures are of the bio-absorbable variety, the bio-absorption of the suture must be closely controlled.
Sutures have been constructed from a wide variety of materials including surgical gut, silk, cotton, polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyamides, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyglycolic acid, glycolide-lactide copolymer, etc. Although the optimum structure of a suture is that of a monofilament, since certain materials of construction would provide a stiff monofilament suture lacking acceptable knot-tying and knot-holding properties, sutures manufactured from such materials have been provided as braided structures. Thus, for example, sutures manufactured from silk, polyamide, polyester and bio-absorbable glycolide-lactide copolymer are usually provided as multifilament braids.
Currently available braided suture products are braided on conventional braider-carriers which travel around the perimeter of the braider deck to result in a tubular type braid with the yarns crossing over each other on the surface of the braid. In the larger sizes, e.g., 5/0 and larger, the tubular braid, or sheath, is constructed about a core structure which is fed through the center of the braider. Known tubular braided sutures, including those possessing cores, are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,187,752; 3,565,077; 4,014,973; 4,043,344; and, 4,047,533.
High speed production of braided sutures from fine denier yarns presents difficulties not encountered in connection with production of heavy duty braided products such as cord, rope or the like. In particular, it has been found that typical braiding mechanisms abrade, damage or break the fine denier filaments used to make braided sutureproducts, and reduce product yield. Moreover, many braided suture products, particularly absorbable braided sutures, are stiff and wiry and exhibit "memory" or "sets". Recent attempts to improve the flexibility, hand and tissue drag characteristics of braided sutures have resulted in new braid structures possessing a significantly greater number of sheath yarns for a given overall denier, the sheath yarns being fabricated from individual filaments of finer denier than filaments which are typical of known types of braided sutures. Braided sutures of this type are disclosed and claimed In U.S. patent application Serial No. 419,215 filed Mar. 9, 1990 and prior related applications. While it is possible to produce such structures on conventional braiders, applicants were able to do so at a maximum production rates approaching only about 6 meters per hour.
The present invention relates to improvements in such apparatus and methods for continuously braiding fine denier yarns into fine braided products having predetermined construction and appearance suitable for use in body tissue repair. More specifically, the present invention makes it now possible to produce the preferred braided sutures at relatively high speeds on the order of about 13 to 15 meters per hour.
The present invention relates to improvements in apparatus for braiding elongate flexible members to form a final braided product. The braided product may be of the type formed only of a braided sheath or it may be of the type wherein braided sheath is formed about a center core. In particular, the present invention is directed to improvements which make it possible to produce a braided product from fine denier yarns of sizes applicable to sutures for surgically repairing body tissue. Such braided suture products have been found to have improved handling characteristics while exhibiting improved knot run-down and tissue drag characteristics. For these reasons there has been a long felt need to produce such braided sutures. However, to date braiding technology has not been developed to the level where such braided products with the desirable properties for suture applications have been made possible. The present invention is directed to such improvements in braiding technology.
The present invention is directed generally to the following aspects of braiding apparatus:
1) core tensioning--detection and control;
2) core guiding;
3) braider bobbins and yarn dispensing;
4) yarn carrier technology;
5) braider gearing technology; and
6) braided product guiding, wind up and control.
The improvements of the present invention make it possible to produce a braided product from fine denier sheath yarns of suture application size, i.e. delicate yarns from 0.2 to 6.0 denier weight and, optionally, a core preferably from about 50 to about 2500 denier. With such yarns it has been found necessary to structure the yarn dispensing and yarn take-up systems in a manner which makes consistent, uniform braiding of the yarns at high speed now possible. For example, a typical prior art yarn bobbin empty of yarns weighed 50 grams or more and had 12 or more radial segments at the lower end for controlling yarn tension. The yarn bobbin of the present invention weighs about 20-22 grams without yarns and contains 9-11 segments to facilitate high speed operation. Contrary to normal expectations, the diameter of bobbins in accordance with the invention is greater than the diameter of prior braider bobbins in order to increase control over the fine denier yarns. In addition, the bobbin is of unitary injection molded plastic construction to improve weight distribution and precision in unwinding of yarn. Other improvements herein relate to tension control and yarn and product take-up control for reducing abrasion to the filaments during braiding in order to produce a product having predetermined characteristics and features while each of the components forming the product is suitably layed-in and appropriately pre-tensioned to provide a product of the desired braid construction.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for braiding fine denier yarns which comprises frame means, means associated with the frame means for supporting a plurality of bobbins containing fine denier yarns, means for directing the plurality of bobbins through intersecting undulating paths while dispensing yarn from each bobbin toward a common braiding zone to form an elongated sheath of braid construction, and means to control the tension on the finished braided product within predetermined limits to permit braiding the yarns in a manner to have a predetermined construction and appearance.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus for braiding fine denier yarns to form a braided suture product comprises frame means, a main carrier support plate having a pair of undulating guide channels intersecting each other for guiding a plurality of yarn carriers, a plurality of yarn carriers supported on the main carrier support plate, each supporting a bobbin for dispensing fine denier yarn, means for directing the yarn carriers over intersecting paths corresponding to the shape of the guide channels, a first set of the carriers being directed in a first direction and a second set of the carriers being directed in the opposite direction, means positioned above the yarn carriers for reception of the yarns in a common braiding zone while the yarn carriers are directed through the intersecting paths to form a braided sheath from the yarns, and means for controlling the tension of the final braided product within predetermined ranges to permit formation of a braided product of uniform predetermined construction and appearance.
The apparatus includes a plurality of individual carrier support plates supported on the main carrier support plate. Each individual carrier support plate includes means positionable within at least one of the guide channels for guiding the carrier support plate along at least a portion of a path defined by the guide channel. The individual carrier support plates are supported by a plurality of carrier support and transfer plates positioned adjacent each other and adapted for rotation. Further, each carrier support and transfer plate is geared for rotation in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the next adjacent carrier support and transfer plate. The carrier support and transfer plates are disposed adjacent each other along a circular path. The carrier support plates each contain at least two downwardly extending guide members dimensioned and configured to be positioned within one of the guide channels in the main carrier support plate for guiding the individual carrier support plate and the carrier along a path defined by the guide channel.
Each carrier support and transfer plate defines four cut--out portions spaced 90� from each other for reception of a yarn carrier as the individual carrier support plates rotate adjacent each other. Further, each individual carrier support and transfer plate is arranged to receive a member attached to the individual carrier support plates for at least one of a first set of carriers within a cut--out portion to cause the carrier to travel with the cut--out portion approximately 180� rotation of the carrier support and transfer plate for transfer of the carrier to a next adjacent individual carrier support plate rotating in a direction opposite the first carrier support plate whereby the carrier traverses an undulating path as defined by one of the guide channels in the main carrier support plate as the carrier is transferred from each carrier support and transfer plate to the next adjacent carrier support and transfer plate. Each carrier support and transfer plate is arranged to receive a member attached to the individual carrier support plate of at least one of a second set of carriers within the cut-out portions in a manner to cause each of the second set of carriers to traverse the second of the undulating paths defined by the guide channels in the main carrier support plate such that the second set of yarn carriers traverses a path which intersects with the path followed by the first set of yarn carriers in a direction opposite the first set of carriers.
Each yarn carrier includes an upstanding spindle to support a yarn bobbin for rotation of the bobbin for dispensing yarn as the bobbins traverse the undulating pathswith the carriers. The vertical spindle includes means at the upper end portion for releasably retaining the bobbin on the spindle while permitting the bobbin to rotate as yarn is selectively dispensed therefrom. Preferably, the releasable bobbin retention means is a clip positioned at the upper end portion of the spindle and having a member extending therefrom resiliently biased toward a position which interferes with upward movement of the bobbin on the spindle so as to retain the bobbin in position on the spindle. The clip includes a resilient spring which biases the clip against upward movement with respect to the spindle so as to permit release of the clip from the position of interference with the bobbin. Also, the clip is resiliently movable from a first position in interference with the upward bobbin movement to a second position which permits removal of the bobbin from the spindle. The bobbin is of lightweight construction, on the order of about 20 grams in weight, and preferably is made from injection molded nylon. Further, the bobbin is rotatable on the spindle for dispensing yarns to the braiding zone, and each individual yarn carrier includes means for selectively preventing rotation of the bobbin and for selectively permitting rotation of the bobbin in dependence on the tension in the yarn. A pivotal arm having yarn guide means for guiding yarn from the bobbin to the braiding zone is provided. Also, a plurality of radial segments are positioned at least about the lower surface of the bobbin and the pivotal arm is connected to an upstanding pawl arranged to enter into a space defined between the radial segments on the bobbin in dependence upon the tension in the yarn so as to prevent rotation of the bobbin in dependence upon the tension in the yarn and to permit withdrawal of the pawl from the space when the yarn tension exceeds a predetermined value. The pivotal arm is resiliently biased against pivotal movement which causes withdrawal of the pawl from a space between the segments on the bobbin. The end of the pivotal arm engages a coil spring when the yarn tension is within a range of about 5 to 7 grams. The coil spring preferably has a spring rate of from about 0.6 to 0.7 pounds per inch to accommodate fine denier yarns.
The yarn is arranged to be dispensed from the bobbin and to extend to the yarn guide means on the carrier in a manner to lift one end of the pivotal arm when the yarn tension exceeds a predetermined value so as to cause withdrawal of the pawl from the space defined by the radial segments on the bobbin, thereby permitting rotation of the bobbin as the yarn is drawn therefrom by the tension produced at the braiding zone. Each bobbin is structured to have a diameter above a predetermined value to maintain the moment for rotating the bobbin about the spindle above a predetermined value. Each bobbin contains a minimum number of pawl engaging segments on the lower surface thereof to maintain the spaces between the segments at a substantial level sufficient to facilitate high speed rotation of the bobbin about the spindle. Each bobbin preferably contains between 9 and 11 pawl engaging segments on the lower surface.
A pair of take-up rollers is positioned downstream of the braiding zone for directing finished braided product toward a take-up spool for winding thereabout. Each of the take-up rollers has a plurality of substantially parallel grooves having a V-shaped cross-sectional configuration for reception of braided products of a plurality of sizes. The take-up rollers are constructed of a lightweight plastic material, i.e. nylon. Further, the take-up rollers are of machined construction having surfaces substantially devoid of imperfections to avoid abrading or snagging of the suture product.
A take-up clutch means is provided to control tension on the finished braided product. Also, a take-up spool is arranged for rotation on a take-up spindle for reception of finished braided product. The take-up clutch means is connected to the take-up spindle to adjust the tension on the finished braided product. The take-up clutch means preferably comprises a pulley wheel connected for belt driven rotation and friction plates in contacting relation therewith. The friction plates are connected to the take-up spindle, and means are provided to adjust the friction forces between the friction plates with respect to the pulley wheel to selectively control the tension on the finished product. The take-up spindle includes means for quick lock/release of the take-up spool with respect to the spindle. The quick lock/release means comprises an elongated member slidably positioned within an opening at the end portion of the take-up spindle. The elongated member is movable between a first position in line with the central opening of the take-up spool whereby removal of the take-up spool is facilitated, and a second position transverse of the take-up spindle which interferes with removal of the take-up spool from the take-up spindle. The elongated member is a generally elongated plate having a slot extending over a portion of the length of the plate and the spindle defines a slot for slidable reception the elongated plate. The spindle contains a pin extending transversely of the slot in the end portion thereof for positioning within the slot defined in the elongated plate such that the plate can be slidably positioned between the first position generally aligned with the spindle and the second position transverse of the spindle while the retains the slotted plate connected to the end portion of the spindle.
Means are provided for dispensing a fine denier core yarn at a location such that the sheath yarns are braided thereabout. The preferred core yarn is from about 50 to 2500 denier. The means for dispensing the core yarn is preferably in the form of a spool of core yarn rotatably mounted below the main carrier support plate for directing the core yarn upwardly through a central opening in the main carrier plate whereby the sheath yarns are braided in the form of a braided sheath about the core yarn. The core yarn spool is mounted for rotation about a spindle, the spindle being longitudinally positioned below the main carrier support plate. Means are provided to control the tension on the core yarn. The tension controlling means preferably comprises a grooved member connected for rotation with the core yarn spool and a fixed flexible elongated member positioned about the grooved member within the groove, and weighted means connected to the flexible member to permit selectively increasing or decreasing friction between the flexible member and the grooved member to selectively increase or decrease the tension on the core yarn as the core yarn is dispensed.
Means are preferably positioned in engagement with the core yarn for detecting tension in the core yarn. The core yarn tension detecting means is adapted to measure tension in the core-yarn between about 25 and 80 grams. Electrical power means is provided to rotatably drive the yarn carrier support and transfer plates and the braided yarn take-up means. Each carrier support and transfer plate, or "horn gear", rotates at a rate of about 50 to about 500 revolutions per minute, and preferably about 350 revolutions per minute. The core yarn tension detector is adapted to discontinue electrical power to the apparatus in the event of reduction of tension in the core yarn due breakage of the core yarn.
A core tube extends from the main carrier support plate vertically upward to a location below the braiding zone for guiding the core yarn toward the braiding zone. The core tube includes a ceramic yarn guide member positioned at each end for guiding the core yarn upwardly from the core yarn spool to a location generally adjacent the braiding zone.
In an alternate embodiment, the pulley wheel of the suture tensioning clutch is of two-part construction, an inner and an outer part. The outer part is mounted by bearing means on the inner part for relative rotation. The bearing means is preferably a ball bearing unit. The take-up rollers are gear driven to each other. Alternatively, the take-up rollers are belt driven to each other.
A method is also disclosed for braiding fine denier yarns comprising directing a plurality of fine denier yarns through a plurality of intersecting paths and toward a common braiding zone so as to form an elongated sheath of braid construction, and applying controlled tension on the finished braided product to permit braiding of the yarns in a manner to have a predetermined construction and appearance.
Preferably, the method for braiding fine denier yarns to form a braided suture product comprises supporting a plurality of yarn carriers containing fine denier yarns in a manner to permit selective dispensing of yarns therefrom, directing the yarn carriers over intersecting paths such that a first set of the carriers is directed in a first direction and a second set of the carriers is directed in the opposite direction, receiving the yarns in a common braiding zone located above the carriers in a manner to permit formation of a braided sheath of the yarns, and controlling the tension on the final braided yarn product within predetermined ranges to permit formation of a braided yarn product of predetermined appearance.
In the preferred embodiment, the yarn carriers are supported on a main carrier support plate having a pair of undulating guide channels intersecting each other for guiding the yarn carriers over intersecting paths and each yarn carrier is arranged to support an individual yarn bobbin. The main carrier support plate is provided with a plurality of undulating guide channels and the yarn carriers are each supported on an individual carrier support plate. Each individual carrier support plate has means for guiding the carrier support plate over at least one of the paths defined by the channels in the main carrier support plate. A plurality of carrier support plates are provided to transfer the carriers. The carrier support plates are each rotated in directions opposite the direction of rotation of the next adjacent carrier support plate. Further, the individual carrier support plates are guided over the intersecting paths defined by the guide channels while dispensing yarn from the individual yarn carriers. Each yarn bobbin is rotatably supported on the individual yarn carrier.
The method further comprises selectively permitting rotation of each yarn bobbin in dependence on the tension of the yarn being dispensed therefrom by preventing each yarn bobbin from rotating and dispensing yarn when the tension in the yarn is between about 5 and 7 grams. Further, each yarn bobbin is permitted to rotate when the yarn tension is above about 5 grams. The method also comprises winding the finished braided yarn suture product on take-up rollers at predetermined rotational speeds positioned downstream of the braiding zone. The winding is accomplished on a take-up spool adapted for rotation and for taking up the finished braided product while controlling the rotational speed of the take-up spool for controlling the tension on the braided yarn product during formation thereof.
The method further comprises controlling the tension on the braided suture product during formation by providing clutch braking on the product take-up spool and directing a core yarn into the braiding zone in a manner so as to facilitate formation of the braided suture product about the core yarn. Predetermined tension is applied to the core yarn between about 75 and 80 grams.
According to the method, the core yarn is between about 50 and about 2500 denier, the sheath yarns are between about 10 and about 100 denier, and the overall denier of the finished braided suture product is betweenabout 50 and about 4000 denier.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a frontal perspective view of the apparatus for braiding fine denier yarns constructed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the core tensioning system which forms a part of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2 illustrating the core tensioning system;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view from below, with parts broken away, of the core tension detection system and the core tube which form part of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 5--5 of FIG. 4 illustrating the novel core tube construction;
FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the core tension control and ceramic eyelet system of the invention for controlling the core input feed;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 7--7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view with parts broken away, of the horn gear system of the invention for promoting noise reduction;
FIG. 9 is a plan view from above, with parts broken away for convenience of illustration, of the horn gear noise reduction system shown in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 10--10 of FIG. 9, illustrating the horn gear and noise reduction system shown in FIGS. 8 and 9;
FIG. 11 is an elevational view partially in cross-section, of the carrier yarn tension control system of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view with parts separated for convenience of illustration, showing the hold down system for the braider bobbin;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the improved braider bobbin constructed according to the invention;
FIG. 14 is a top view of the braider bobbin and carrier system of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 15--15 of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a partial schematic view illustrating the path of the yarns and the formation of a braided suture on the present apparatus;
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 17--17 of FIG. 16 illustrating the take-up rollers and take-up clutch which form part of the invention;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 18--18 of FIG. 17 illustrating the novel take-up spool constructed according to the invention;
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the quick-release system in the locked position for retaining the take-up spool on the apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the quick release system of FIG. 19 in the release position;
FIG. 21 is an elevational view of a take-up spool constructed according to the prior art;
FIG. 22 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view taken along lines 22--22, illustrating the surface of the prior art take-up spool of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the take-up clutch for controlling take-up tension on the finished braided suture; and
FIG. 24 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the suture take-up rollers of the invention in horizontal tandem positions.
Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is illustrated an apparatus 10 for braiding sutures constructed according to the present invention. The apparatus 10 is supported on frame 12 which includes horizontal support plate 14 as shown. Electrically powered motor 16 is arranged to drive the apparatus as will be described.
Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9 in conjunction with FIG. 1, the apparatus includes main carrier support plate 18 which defines a pair of tortuous endless intersecting guide channels 20 and 22 which extend therearound as shown. Each channel has a set of yarn carriers guided therein with those of the yarn carriers in channel 20 designated carriers 24A, 24B, 24C, 24D, 24E and 24F, and those carriers in channel 22 designated carriers 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D, 26E. Each series of carriers is arranged to move in opposite directions while yarn is selectively dispensed from the selectively intermit-tently rotating bobbins associated therewith to form the braided suture. The path of the carriers through guide channel 20 is illustrated by the arrows A and the path of the carriers through guide channel 22 is illustrated by dotted arrows B.
The mechanism for effecting this movement of the carriers is illustrated in FIG. 8. The carriers 28 each include an individual carrier support plate 30 to which is connected a pair of connector shoes 32, 34 which are positionable within, and traverse the respective guide channel 20, 22 in a manner to be described. A series of carrier support and transfer plates 36 and an alternate series of carrier support and transfer plates 38 (see FIG. 9) are mounted on main support plate 18 through apertures 40 and are rotated via gear 42 meshing with internal meshing gear teeth 44 of gear 46 which in turn is driven by a system of gears associated with the adjacent carriers. Lastly, the system of gears is driven by motor 16 (see FIG. 1). The gear train is driven through known gear systems to produce rotation of the carrier support and transfer plates as shown, i.e. plates 36 rotating in the counterclockwise direction and plates 38 rotating in the clockwise direction. The carrier support and transfer plates 36, 38 rotate at about 50 to about 500 rpm, preferably 350 rpm.
As the carrier support and transfer plates 36, 38 rotate, each carrier of set 24 is respectively transferred from one support and transfer plate to an "empty" position on the next adjacent support and transfer plate so that each yarn carrier follows a substantially sinusoidal path around main support plate 18. One series of carriers 24 traverses an undulating path from left to right and the other series of carriers 26 traverses an undulating path from right to left intersecting with the first path and 180� out of phase therewith as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
Referring to FIG. 9, an exemplary portion of each set of yarn carriers is shown schematically by circles 24, 26 representing the carrier support plates. The first series of yarn carriers are designated from left to right--24A, 24B, 24C, 24D, 24E, and 24F. This series of carriers traverses the undulating path 20 shown by the solid arrows "A" as the carrier support plates 36, 38 rotate. The exemplary carriers of the second series are designated from right to left, 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D, 26E. These carriers traverse an undulating path 22 from right to left as shown by the dotted arrows "B" as the carrier support plates 36, 38 rotate as shown. Thus as the carrier support and transfer plates 36, 38 rotate in opposite directions the "empty" position for each support plate alternates from the 6 o'clock position to the 12 o'clock position and vice versa.
Each carrier is respectively transferred from one carrier support and transfer plate 36, 38 to the next adjacent carrier support and transfer plate while rotating about its own center 90� for each quadrant of rotation. Thus, for example, carrier 26E is positioned at the 12 o'clock position of carrier support plate 36 as shown in FIG. 9. Carrier tie down bolts 25 lie within a line perpendicular to the radius of the main carrier support plate 18. When individual carrier support plate 30 rotates counterclockwise 90� as shown by the dotted arrow, carrier 26E moves to the 9 o'clock position of carrier support and transfer plate 36 and the bolts 25 are directly now in line with the radius of the main carrier support plate 18. Similarly, carrier 24B will have moved to the 12 o'clock position of carrier support plate 38 and the tie bolts 27 will have moved from the orientation shown in FIG. 9 (i.e. in line with a radius of the main carrier support plate 18) to a position perpendicular to the radius. With such movement each carrier 26 moves one quarter circle to the left and each carrier 24 moves one quarter circle to the right. Each quarter circle of rotation is represented by a 90� movement on a sinusoidal path.
As noted, both undulating paths intersect each other and are identical to guide channels 20, 22. As these movements progress, yarn is continuously fed off bobbins 48 which are rotatable on carrier shaft 50. As the undulating movements of carrier support plates 36, 38 progress, the connector shoes 32, 34 of the carriers traverse the respective intersecting guide channels 20, 22. This complex movement results in the formation of an elongated braided product as the rotation continuously takes place and the braid is formed and drawn upward by the take-up roller system to be described.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, a unique feature of the present invention is illustrated. The particular type of braided suture contemplated in the present application contains a core yarn surrounded by a system of about 4 to 36 fine denier yarns systematically braided about the core to form a thin sheath. In the preferred suture construction the core possesses a weight which is significantly greater than that of a core of a known suture of equivalent overall denier. Typically, the smallest size braided suture which includes a core would be size 6/0. Such a suture has an overall denier of from about 125 to about 200, and preferably contains a core of about 20-80 denier. Relatively large sutures, i.e. size 1 and 2 sutures having an overall denier of from about 2,000 to 4,000 preferably include a core having a denier in the range of about 800 to 2400. In order to produce a braided yarn suitable for suture applications, the core tension is preferably controlled within a predetermined range to match the tension of the braided outer sheath yarns. FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the core tensioning system of the present invention which maintains the tension within this predetermined range. Tension ranges may vary in dependence upon the size of the core yarn.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the core tensioning system 52 is shown and includes supply bobbin 54 containing core yarn 1. Core tensioning must be precisely controlled within a predetermined range to match the tension on the sheath yarns in order to produce a braided product of desired construction, feel and hand.
Bobbin 54 is mounted for free rotation on shaft 56 and retained by cotter pin 58. A vertical support plate 60 is mounted to cross member 62 of the frame 12 by U-shaped clamp 64 secured by nuts 66 to plate 61. The portion of the plate 60 above cross member 62 fixedly supports bobbin shaft 56 as shown.
As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 3, pulley wheel 68 is connected by pin 55 to bobbin 54 for rotation therewith and defines a central groove 70 about which rope 72 is positioned. Rope 72 is connected at one end by "J" shaped hook 74 to fixed pin 76. At the other end of rope 72 is weight carrier 78 positioned for supporting weights 73 of predetermined value. As can be seen, the weight carrier 78 is configured as a central shaft 80 having a weight carrier 78 at the lower end for supporting annular shaped weights 73 shaped as shown similar to a split washer. Thus, as the spool 54 rotates about shaft 56 to feed core yarn to the braiding system the friction drag on the pulley wheel 68 restrains the free rotation of the spool 54 in the downward direction, which is opposite the upward force of the braiding system and braid take-up system. Thus, by adding weights to carrier 78 tension on core yarn 1 may be increased and by removing weights, tension may be decreased. Appropriate core yarn tensions for the preferred braided suture constructions are set out below:
______________________________________Suture size Core Denier Tension On Core (grams)______________________________________2 800-2400 80-901 800-2400 70-800 400-1200 50-552/0 250-700 25-303/0 150-300 25-304/0 80-150 20-255/0 30-100 20-25______________________________________
Referring now to FIGS. 4-7, there is illustrated another aspect of the system for controlling core yarn which forms a part of the present invention. In FIG. 4, there is shown a tension control system 86 which incorporates a core tension detector 88 of sufficient sensitivity to detect tension changes in the core yarn 1 and to discontinue the braiding operation in the event the core yarn fails. In particular, prior art braiding apparatus utilized tension detectors of substantially less sensitivity for braiding relatively bulky braids. However, the process of braiding the preferred sutures requires utilization of core yarns having a denier as low as about 20. Therefore, the tension failure value is correspondingly lower than for prior art braids. Accordingly, the present invention incorporates tension detector 88 of sufficient sensitivity to detect core tensions i.e. between about 25 and 80 grams, without placing undue stress on the delicate core yarn which would abrade or break the core yarn. When the core tension exceeds a preset value (i.e., 80 grams), the core yarn will normally fail under tension and cause switch 90 to deactivate electrical power to the apparatus. This permits the operator to investigate the source of the excessive tension and take the requisite steps to correct the problem.
Referring once again to FIGS. 4-6, after the core yarn 1 leaves the tension detector it enters core tube 92 which extends from top plate 16 to approximately 2/3 the vertical distance to the braiding zone. The core tube contains a unique system of ceramic eyelets 94, 98 which are resistant to wear caused by any interaction with the core yarn passing through the tube. Further, the ceramic eyelets 94, 98 present a smooth ceramic surface for the core yarn in instances when the core yarn engages either end of the tube. Thus, the integrity of the fine denier core yarn is maintained in the rare instances where the core yarn shifts laterally and engages one or both ends of the core tube 92. This feature is peculiarly significant to applications of braiding technology to suture production, whereas prior art braiding operations which utilized bulkier components such as cord, ropes, etc., did not require such abrasion proof features. A third ceramic eyelet 95 is provided on bracket 97 which supports the core tension detection system 86.
Referring now to FIGS. 10-15, the yarn carrier system and yarn tensioning system is illustrated. Referring initially to FIG. 10, there is shown a cross-sectional view taken along lines 10-10 of FIG. 9 illustrating the base of a carrier 28 at the point of transfer between adjacent support plates 36, 38. Carrier 28 contains carrier support plate 29 which includes downwardly extending connector shoes 32, 34, which extend into guide channels 20, 22 as described previously. The feed 32, 34 traverse the respective guide channel as the yarn carrier is transferred between the respective carrier support plates 36, 38. In order to increase the speed of operation of the braiding apparatus and reduce wear and tear on the apparatus, plastic inserts 100 are provided. Plastic inserts 100 may be made of nylon or other suitable plastic material, and reduce the friction between the carrier and carrier support and transfer plate as the carrier is transferred from each carrier support and transfer plate to the next. Plastic inserts 100 facilitate repeated rapid transfer of shafts 102, of the carriers from one carrier support plate to the next without metal on metal abrasion. The plastic inserts increase operating speed and reliability of the apparatus and decrease wear and tear thereby lengthening the useful life of the apparatus. As an added benefit, plastic inserts 100 reduce the noise level generated by operation of the instrument. Plastic inserts substantially as shown have been incorporated into braiders commercially available from Talleres Ratera, S. A., Barcelona, Spain, since about 1983.
Referring now to FIGS. 11-12 a typical carrier is illustrated in further detail. Sheath yarns 3 preferably of between 0.2 and 6.0 denier are dispensed from bobbin 48 where they are directed to ceramic eyelet 103 and then to compensator eyelet 104 connected via rod 105 to compensator arm 106 which automatically compensates to adjust the yarn tension in accordance with braiding needs. The carrier 26 includes compensator arm 106 which pivots about pivot pin 108 as shown. End portion 110 is connected to ceramic eyelet yarn guide 104 while the opposite end portion 112 of pivot arm 106 engages pin 114 which is biased upwardly by light coil spring 116. Pin 114 is connected to pawl 118 arranged to float into and out of engagement with radial slots 120 on the lower surface of yarn bobbin 48 shown in FIG. 12. This structure results in the pivotal bias of compensator arm 106 about pin 108. Pin 122 moves upwardly and downwardly in vertical slot 124 in carrier housing 126 while traversing the moving arcuate slot 127 in compensator arm 106.
In operation, yarn is drawn upwardly by the braiding system, and when the tension of the yarn exceeds a predetermined value the end portion 112 of pivot arm 106 depresses pin 114 against spring 116 causing pawl 118 to withdraw from a slot 12C in the bobbin 48. This permits outfeed of sheath yarn 3 until the tension in the yarn is reduced to a second predetermined value whereby the end portion 112 of pivot arm 106 pivots upwardly under bias of spring 116, permitting pawl 118 to re-enter a radial slot 120 in bobbin 122 thus preventing further outfeed of the sheath yarn 3 until the tension of the braiding take-up increases sufficiently to recycle the compensator arm 106. Thus, the tension of the sheath yarns is controlled within a precise range, particularly by selecting a spring 116 which is within a predetermined range of spring rates. Prior art braiders utilized a spring 116 of significantly greater spring rate than is contemplated herein due to the fact that braiding was accomplished with heavier braiding materials. In addition, in prior art braiders pin 122 was also arranged to be biased downwardly by a spring positioned centrally of shaft 50. In the present apparatus the central spring has been eliminated and spring 116 has been selected to have a reduced spring rate in the range of from about 0.6 to 0.7 pounds per inch, the standard spring on such braiders having a much higher spring rate on the order of about 0.9 to about 1.0 pounds per inch. Reducing the spring rate reduces the tension force on the yarn necessary to cause pivot arm 106 to rotate and withdraw pawl 118 from slot 120, thereby permitting the bobbin to rotate and pay out additional yarn. The reduced spring rate accommodates the relatively lower tensile strength associated with sheath yarns of aforementioned preferred denier range suitable for producing braided sutures. The production of such sutures is thus carefully and precisely controlled to accommodate the fine character, not only of the finished braided suture, but particularly of the yarn components thereof.
Referring now to FIGS. 13-15, the unique yarn dispensing system according to the present invention is disclosed. Bobbin 48 is integrally constructed of a lightweight material such as molded nylon or other plastic material. The bobbin is constructed to have an overall weight of about 20 grams and a minimum diameter dimensioned so as to reduce inertial forces on the delicate sheath yarns. In order to reduce tension on the yarns further, the number of radial segments 124 which control the release point of the bobbin have been reduced to nine segments as shown.
This compares to prior art bobbin and carrier assemblies wherein a metal bobbin is mounted over a shaft. The bobbin engages and is fixed by screw mounting so as not to rotate relative to the top surface of a metal plate on the carrier. The bottom surface of the metal plate has 12 or more segments to engage the carrier pawl. The prior art bobbins are also of smaller diameter than the bobbins of the present invention, and yet weighed about 50 grams. The combined bobbin and adaptor of prior art braiders have a total weight of about 85 grams. The increased diameter and light weight of the present bobbin, together with the integral pawl engaging segments and reduced number thereof, further reduce the force which must be exerted on the yarn in order to unwind the yarn from the bobbin.
In particular, the unique braider bobbin of the present invention is specifically constructed to adapt the apparatus for braiding fine denier yarns applicable to fine sutures and is preferably constructed having the following characteristics:
a) reduced mass integrally molded nylon construction of approximately 20 grams, as compared to prior art bobbins of approximately 50 grams, and prior art bobbin and adaptor assembly weighing about 85 grams;
b) reduced number of pawl engaging segments 124 which are integrally molded with the bobbin, preferably 9 segments, not more than 11, versus prior separate adaptor structures having 12 or more pawl engaging segments and higher mass. This structure produces greater circumferential spacing between segments, permitting improved engagement by pawl 118 at high rotational speeds;
c) bobbin diameter approximately 20mm as compared to lesser diameter prior art bobbins. This feature reduces the tension force on the yarn required to turn the bobbin and stabilizes the bobbin and yarn movements; and
d) unitary construction bobbin, injection moldednylon (or other moldable plastic) permitting relatively large diameter bobbin at reduced weight with close tolerances (i.e. �0.15 mm) for precision in Winding from flange to flange.
Referring now to FIGS. 14 and 15, the unique quick connect/quick release bobbin holder is illustrated. As noted previously, bobbin 48 is constructed of a lightweight moldable material such as nylon and defines a central opening extending the length of the bobbin. The bobbin is positioned about upstanding carrier shaft 50 and secured by top holder 128 as shown. Top holder 128 is comprised of a folded wire clip slidably positioned within collar 132 which is fixedly attached to the top of shaft 50 by known means such as interference fit, threads, adhesives etc. The folded wire clip is biased downwardly by coil spring 134 which is arranged to be compressed by engagement with disc 136 attached to the lower end of clip 128 when the clip is raised upwardly. Clip 128 is looped at the top at 138 to form an arm 142 which is dimensioned to engage the upper end surface of the bobbin 48 to maintain the position of the bobbin on the shaft 50 without interference with the rotation of the bobbin. The clip is preferably constructed of a resilient spring wire which resiliently retains the bent shape imparted to it. Further, it can be seen that arm 142 is preferably dimensioned to extend downwardly sufficient to retain the bobbin in position while being dimensioned to provide a slight space 144 between the lower end portion of arm 142 and the top surface of the bobbin.
Quick positioning and removal of the bobbin is accomplished as follows. Clip 128 is pulled upwardly manually against the bias of spring 134 until the lower end portion of arm 142 folds inwardly under the spring bias of loop 138 and rests atop collar 132. This position permits insertion and/or removal of bobbin 48 onto or from shaft 50. After removing the old bobbin or adding a new bobbin with new yarn supply, clip 128 is manually twisted to cause lateral movement of arm 142 so as to be repositioned atop the bobbin 48 thereby retaining the bobbin in position for operation. Thus, a bobbin may be replaced readily by manual manipulation of the clip 128 as described. In this regard, prior art braiders utilized relatively complex devices to secure bobbins to feed braid components for rope or other braids.
Referring now to FIGS. 16-19, the take-up system for the braided suture product is illustrated. FIG. 16 illustrates the final formation of the braided suture and the take-up roller system leading to final winding of the finished product on take-up spool 146. In particular, core yarn 1 and sheath yarns 3 are formed into a final braided suture 5 which is first directed to take-up "tensioning" rollers 142, 144 and thereafter to final take-up spool 146 where the product is systematically wound in uniform layers about the spool. The braided product 5 is wound continuously about rollers 142, 144 to stabilize the product prior to winding about take-up spool 146. Ceramic eyelets 179, 190 and 188 guide the suture from the braiding zone to the take-up rollers and then to the take-up spool without abrasion or other damage.
Take-up clutch 148 is shown in FIG. 17 to precisely control the tension on the finished product via final spool 146. Clutch 148 is mounted on spool shaft 150 and includes internal clutch shaft 152 having first clutch plate 154 at one end secured to shaft 150 by set screw 156 for rotation with the shaft. Molded nylon pulley wheel 158 is slidably positioned over clutch shaft 152 for slidable rotation relative to clutch plate 154. Second clutch plate 160 is connected by screw 162 for rotation with clutch shaft 152. Screw 162 is fitted loosely in a slot (not shown) for movement in the longitudinal direction of shaft 152 to permit clutch plate 160 to move toward and away from pulley wheel 158 by pressure of coil spring 166 when spring 166 is compressed by turning knurled wheel 168 which is fitted by threads 170 about the end of shaft 152 as shown. Thus, by threadedly rotating wheel 168 clockwise to advance the wheel toward the spring 166 the force transmitted by the spring on the clutch plate 160 is increased, thereby increasing the friction forces between pulley wheel 158 and clutch plates 160 and. 154. By turning wheel 168 counterclockwise, the wheel moves outwardly of shaft 152 and the spring force is reduced thereby reducing the friction forces and permitting free rotation of pulley wheel 158.
Referring further to FIG. 17, pulley wheel 172 is connected to shaft 174 which is driven by chain 176 shown schematically in the FIG. Chain 176 is powered by power driven sprocket 178 and thereby produces rotation of shaft 174 via large sprocket 180 at a reduced rate of rotation in accordance with the selected ratio of the size of sprocket 178 to the size of sprocket 180. Pulley wheel 172 is in turn connected to endless drive belt 182 which is fabricated of a suitable, flexible elastomer material and has a circular cross-section and elongated construction.
Referring once again to FIG. 17, shaft 174 contains diamond shaped guide grooves 184 for reception of similarly shaped members formed integrally with product guide member 185 such that continuous rotation of shaft 184 will produce alternating repeating movement of the guide member 185 arranged to move in the direction of arrows "C" and "D" as the shaft 184 rotates. Plate 186 attached to guide member 185 contains ceramic suture guide 188 which guides the finished braided suture received from take-up rollers 142, 144 through ceramic guide 190 affixed to support arm 192 to take-up spool 146.
In operation, as shaft 174 rotates, guide member 185 traverses the right hand portion of the shaft. The guide member 185 alternates from the direction of arrow C to the direction of arrow D in a repeating manner to guide finished braided suture product onto spool 146 in successive uniform and even layers. The tension on the braided suture may be selectively increased or decreased as desired, by turning clutch adjustment knob 168 as described previously. The capability to adjust the tension on the finished product as it is being wound onto spool 146 is significant. As the diameter of the final package increases, the ratio of the linear speeds between the take-up spool 146 and the grooved rollers 142, 144 increases thereby increasing the tension on the finished product. Adjustment of the tension on the finished product is then possible by adjusting clutch 148 to maintain appropriate tension on the suture with a high degree of accuracy and control.
Referring once again to FIG. 17 in conjunction with FIG. 18., the braid take-up roller system is illustrated. As can be seen in FIG. 18, the take-up rollers 142, 144 are configured to include relatively sharp "V-shaped" grooves for braided suture take-up to facilitate appropriate contact with braided suture products of a wide range of sizes, including extremely small suture diameters. Further, since the braid is continuously wrapped around the rollers 142, 144, it has been found that it is possible to increase the number of grooves, i.e. wraps, for a given length of rollers, thereby increasing the friction contact between braided suture product and the rollers. This facilitates increased control over the finished braided suture product and minimizes slippage between the suture and the rollers. Preferably, the suture is wound around take-up rollers 142, 144 in a FIG. 8 configuration, as shown in phantom in FIG. 16.
As can be seen in comparing the rollers shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 with the prior art rollers (see FIGS. 21 and 22), it will be readily appreciated that the contact between the product and the rollers is increased with the rollers constructed according to the present invention as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. In addition, it is noted that the take-up rollers constructed according to the invention are of machined plastic material, such as nylon, as opposed to the molded prior art rollers shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. The prior art rollers were of molded construction and included mold part lines 194, an imperfection which does not adversely affect braided products of heavy duty construction, i.e. rope construction; however, the braiding of fine denier sutures as contemplated herein requires take-up rollers of improved construction having smooth surfaces which not only avoid adverse affects on the suture product, but which also produce sufficiently controlled friction to permit take-up of the product without damage. The smooth surfaces of the machined plastic rollers 142, 144 as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 achieve these objectives.
Referring to FIG. 18, the take-up rollers of the present invention are machined to include grooves having inclined side walls terminating in a flat bottom surface. The overall depth "d" of the groove should be dimensioned to accommodate a range of suture sizes. A depth range of about 0.1 to 0.2 inches may be appropriate, and a depth of about 0.16 inches is preferred. The width of the flat bottom of the groove, shown as dimension "w" in FIG. 18, is preferably about 0.002 inch. The inclined surfaces define an angle O with the outer surface of the take-up roller. It has been found that appropriate angles are within the range 55� to 65� and preferably 60� to 61�.
FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the quick connect/quick release feature utilized to retain the take-up spool 146 on shaft 150 shown in FIG. 17. Shaft 150 is dimensioned to receive pin 196 and includes a groove 198. A generally endless looped lock member having a cut-out portion 202 shaped to receive pin 196 is positioned within the slot and is rotatable from a position transverse of the shaft 150 as shown in FIG. 19, to a position in alignment with shaft 150 as shown in FIG. 20. The position of lock member 200 shown in FIG. 19 retains the spool 146 on shaft 150 and is secured in position by appropriately dimensioning space 198 relative to pin 196. The position of lock member 200 shown in FIG. 20 permits ready removal of the take-up spool 146 for replacement with an empty spool. Thus, the quick release feature of lock member 200 facilitates ready replacement of a full spool 146. As shown in FIG. 17, member 146c is fixed to shaft 150 by pin 146d. The engagement of pin 146d with shaft 150 restrains spool 146 mounted on shaft 150 against rotation relative to shaft 150.
Referring to FIG. 23, an alternate construction of a tensioning take-up clutch is illustrated at 204. Clutch 204 is operative similar to the clutch 148 described previously, but includes split pulley 206 having outer annular portion 208 and inner portion 210 separated by ball bearings 212. Thus, the construction shown permits precise control over the tension exerted on split member 210 by frictional engagement with members 154, 160 independently of friction between split member 210 and clutch shaft 152. The foregoing alternative structure facilitates improved accuracy in the control of the tension exerted on the final braided suture. FIG. 24 illustrates an alternate arrangement for tensioning and take-up rollers 142, 144. In the arrangement shown, rollers 214, 216 are positioned longitudinally and driven by common belt drive 218. Finished braided suture product 5 is shown.
It will be readily appreciated that the features of the present invention as described hereinabove make it possible to produce a fine denier braid capable of application as a suture for surgery. More particularly, the braiding apparatus is well suited for high speed production of consistently high quality final braided suture products having an overall suture denier ranging from as low as about 50 denier to as large as about 4,000 denier. Core yarns will have a preferred denier of from as low as about 20 denier to as high as about 2,400 denier, and sheath yarns will have a denier of from as low as about 0.2 denier to as high as about 6.0 denier.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 27, 1903
|Dec 6, 1904
|Thomas Horwood
|Braided cord.
|May 14, 1906
|Jul 18, 1911
|New England Butt Company
|Mar 4, 1912
|Sep 28, 1915
|Simplex Wire & Cable Company
|Braider mechanism.
|Dec 8, 1916
|Nov 19, 1918
|Earl F Stanton
|Sep 13, 1919
|Nov 9, 1920
|Nat Indicator Company
|Mar 1, 1921
|Jan 16, 1923
|James P Hooper
|Tension device
|Aug 21, 1922
|Mar 11, 1924
|Rhode Island Textile Company
|Braiding machine
|Jun 16, 1925
|Apr 27, 1926
|Textile Machine Works
|Thread-tensioning braiding carrier
|Apr 29, 1921
|Jun 21, 1927
|Mossberg Pressed Steel Corp
|Carrier for braiding machines
|Aug 9, 1929
|Jun 17, 1930
|Wright William Coskey
|Braiding machine
|May 15, 1929
|Dec 16, 1930
|Goodyear Tire & Rubber
|Braiding machine
|May 13, 1932
|Apr 9, 1935
|Western Electric Co
|Strands and a method of assembling them
|Apr 29, 1935
|Sep 1, 1936
|Mossberg Pressed Steel Corp
|Braider carrier
|Mar 11, 1936
|May 11, 1937
|Cortland Line Company Inc
|Braiding machine control
|Oct 27, 1938
|May 14, 1940
|Western Electric Co
|Strand covering machine
|May 29, 1940
|Dec 28, 1943
|Kilgore Mfg Company
|Jun 5, 1947
|Oct 26, 1948
|Cordwares Company Inc
|Braiding machine for endless belts or the like
|Nov 25, 1957
|Jul 21, 1959
|Herzog August Guenther
|Bobbin carrier for braiding machines
|May 6, 1957
|Aug 4, 1959
|Wanskuck Co
|Braider carrier
|Feb 10, 1956
|Aug 4, 1959
|Wanskuck Co
|Braider carrier
|Nov 10, 1959
|May 30, 1961
|B & F Carter & Company Ltd
|Carriers for braiding machines
|Apr 12, 1960
|Oct 17, 1961
|Textile Machine Works
|Carrier for braiding machines
|Mar 16, 1961
|Jun 12, 1962
|James F Karg
|Spool carrier for braiding machines
|Jun 20, 1960
|Jul 24, 1962
|Stephen C Harris
|Braider carrier tension weight
|Apr 27, 1962
|Jun 8, 1965
|American Cyanamid Co
|Non-absorbable silicone coated sutures and method of making
|Apr 27, 1965
|Jan 9, 1968
|Chetverukhin Nikolai Ilich
|Braiding machine
|Apr 14, 1967
|Jan 16, 1968
|Textile Machine Works
|Braiding apparatus with means for guiding and propelling strand carriers
|Nov 13, 1967
|Aug 13, 1968
|Puritan Cordage Mills
|Bobbin carrier for braiding machines and the like
|May 6, 1968
|Feb 23, 1971
|American Cyanamid Co
|Densified absorbably polyglycolic acid suture braid, and method for preparing same
|Aug 14, 1972
|Jan 8, 1974
|Richardson D
|Braiding machine
|Apr 25, 1973
|Jun 18, 1974
|D Richardson
|Braider carrier
|Nov 12, 1973
|Dec 17, 1974
|Gates Rubber Co
|Noise attenuating braider carrier
|Jul 31, 1973
|Mar 29, 1977
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Method of compacting silk sutures by stretching
|Nov 1, 1976
|Jul 12, 1977
|Rockwell International Corporation
|Bobbin drive mechanism for a rotary braider
|Sep 20, 1976
|Aug 23, 1977
|American Cyanamid Company
|Non-absorbable surgical sutures coated with polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer lubricant
|Sep 20, 1976
|Sep 13, 1977
|American Cyanamid Company
|Absorbable surgical sutures coated with polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer lubricant
|Dec 13, 1976
|Apr 18, 1978
|Eliseo Ratera
|Braiding machine
|Mar 8, 1978
|Jun 26, 1979
|Aeroquip Corporation
|Method of braiding
|Jul 26, 1979
|Dec 8, 1981
|The B. F. Goodrich Company
|Braiding machine
|Jan 30, 1981
|Jun 8, 1982
|A. W. Chesterton Company
|Method for making braided packing
|Dec 20, 1983
|Mar 11, 1986
|Lasher Leroy G
|Ratchet plate for conversion of a wire braider carrier to a yarn braider carrier
|Dec 17, 1986
|Jan 5, 1988
|Mayer Wildman Industries, Inc.
|Speed control apparatus and method for braiding machine
|Jul 11, 1986
|Apr 12, 1988
|Raychem Corporation
|Braider carrier
|Jan 15, 1987
|Jun 28, 1988
|Northrop Corporation
|Braiding machine
|Sep 25, 1987
|Aug 23, 1988
|Rockwell International Corporation
|Strand supply carrier and tensioning mechanism
|Jan 19, 1988
|Nov 22, 1988
|Albany Research (Uk) Limited
|Dec 18, 1986
|Feb 7, 1989
|New England Braiding, Inc.
|Diagonally reinforced mechanical packing
|Jan 19, 1988
|Mar 20, 1990
|Albany Research (Uk) Limited
|May 9, 1988
|May 8, 1990
|Airfoil Textron Inc.
|Apparatus and method for braiding fiber strands
|Oct 20, 1989
|Sep 25, 1990
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Braided surgical sutures
|Mar 9, 1990
|May 28, 1991
|United States Surgical Corporation
|Braided suture
|Mar 26, 1990
|Oct 22, 1991
|United States Surgical Corporation
|Spiroid braided suture
|Aug 17, 1990
|Jan 26, 1993
|United States Surgical Corporation
|Spiroid braided suture
|Title not available
|Mar 16, 1968
|Jun 9, 1971
|North American Rockwell
|Flecht- und Kloeppelmaschine
|Dec 15, 1971
|Jun 20, 1973
|Spirka Masch Vorrichtungsbau
|High speed braider - with counter - rotating circular bobbin carriers
|Oct 10, 1980
|May 6, 1982
|Krenzler Gmbh & Co Kg Emil
|Lace bobbin machine patterning control - has lifter and sinker mechanism with floating disc for oscillation
|Nov 10, 1981
|May 19, 1983
|Krenzler Gmbh & Co Kg Emil
|Device for controlling the patterning of a product produced on a braiding machine
|Apr 6, 1984
|Oct 24, 1985
|Inst Textil & Faserforschung
|Knitting cam
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Published Description on Ratera Braiding Machine (date unavailable).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 2003
|Nov 2, 2004
|Ming Cheng Chen
|Strand feeding device for a coaxial cable braiding apparatus
|Mar 28, 2006
|Nov 14, 2006
|Ming-Cheng Chen
|Strand feeding device for a coaxial cable braiding apparatus
|Aug 4, 2010
|Aug 16, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|System for variable-angle cutting of a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
|Aug 16, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|Automated method for cutting tissue retainers on a suture
|Aug 4, 2010
|Sep 6, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|Method for variable-angle cutting of a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
|Sep 13, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|Method for cutting a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
|Sep 20, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|Automated system for cutting tissue retainers on a suture
|Aug 4, 2010
|Oct 4, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|System for supporting and cutting suture thread to create tissue retainers thereon
|Aug 4, 2010
|Oct 4, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|System for cutting a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
|May 13, 2004
|Oct 11, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|Apparatus for forming barbs on a suture
|Dec 27, 2011
|Quill Medical, Inc.
|Suture anchor and method
|Aug 4, 2010
|Aug 21, 2012
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Suture with a pointed end and an anchor end and with equally spaced yieldable tissue grasping barbs located at successive axial locations
|Jun 13, 2012
|Jun 11, 2013
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retainers with supporting structures on a suture
|Nov 19, 2009
|Sep 17, 2013
|Philadelphia Health & Education Corporation
|Method and apparatus for braiding micro strands
|Dec 13, 2011
|Oct 22, 2013
|Atkins & Pearce, Inc.
|Braided carbon nanotube threads and methods of manufacturing the same
|Jan 30, 2009
|Dec 31, 2013
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for forming self-retaining sutures
|Feb 25, 2009
|Feb 4, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining suture with variable dimension filament and method
|Aug 4, 2010
|Feb 18, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Double ended barbed suture with an intermediate body
|Aug 4, 2010
|Mar 25, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Multiple suture thread configuration with an intermediate connector
|Aug 4, 2010
|Apr 8, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Suture with an intermediate barbed body
|Mar 12, 2013
|May 13, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Suture methods and devices
|Jun 30, 2009
|May 13, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Barbed suture in combination with surgical needle
|Aug 4, 2010
|May 27, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Sutures with barbs that overlap and cover projections
|Aug 4, 2010
|May 27, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Multiple suture thread configuration with an intermediate connector
|Aug 4, 2010
|Jun 10, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Continuous stitch wound closure utilizing one-way suture
|Aug 4, 2010
|Jul 1, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Anastomosis method using self-retaining sutures
|Feb 10, 2006
|Jul 1, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Suture method
|Dec 19, 2008
|Jul 8, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining sutures with heat-contact mediated retainers
|Sep 26, 2008
|Jul 15, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
|Aug 4, 2010
|Jul 15, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Methods for using self-retaining sutures in endoscopic procedures
|Aug 4, 2010
|Jul 15, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Subcutaneous sinusoidal wound closure utilizing one-way suture
|Apr 11, 2008
|Aug 5, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for forming retainers on a suture
|Sep 30, 2002
|Aug 5, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Barbed sutures
|Aug 4, 2010
|Sep 2, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining sutures having effective holding strength and tensile strength
|Aug 4, 2010
|Oct 7, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining sutures having effective holding strength and tensile strength
|Jan 30, 2009
|Nov 4, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for forming self-retaining sutures
|Apr 14, 2009
|Nov 4, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining sutures with bi-directional retainers or uni-directional retainers
|Apr 3, 2008
|Dec 23, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining systems for surgical procedures
|Dec 19, 2008
|Dec 23, 2014
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Self-retaining sutures with retainers formed from molten material
|Dec 20, 2010
|Jan 6, 2015
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Barbed suture created having barbs defined by variable-angle cut
|Nov 3, 2009
|Jan 13, 2015
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
|Dec 16, 2010
|Feb 24, 2015
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Bidirectional self-retaining sutures with laser-marked and/or non-laser marked indicia and methods
|Jan 12, 2012
|Jun 2, 2015
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Composite self-retaining sutures and method
|Feb 20, 2009
|Sep 8, 2015
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for elevating retainers on self-retaining sutures
|Dec 22, 2011
|Feb 2, 2016
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Barb configurations for barbed sutures
|Mar 7, 2003
|Sep 9, 2004
|Chen Ming Cheng
|Strand feeding device for a coaxial cable braiding apparatus
|Jul 31, 2001
|Mar 17, 2015
|Ethicon, Inc.
|Surgical methods using one-way suture
|Mar 27, 2015
|Sep 30, 2015
|JDR Cable Systems Ltd
|Braiding machine
|Nov 19, 2009
|May 27, 2010
|Drexel University
|Method and apparatus for braiding micro strands
|Mar 29, 2011
|Nov 17, 2011
|Jin Sook Kim
|Method for manufacturing an elevator balance compensation chain, the radius of curvature of which is adjusted, and elevator balance compensation chain manufactured by the method
|Mar 29, 2011
|Jan 26, 2012
|Jin Sook Kim
|Method for manufacturing an elevator balance compensation chain, the radius of curvature of which is adjusted, and elevator balance compensation chain manufactured by the method
|Dec 13, 2011
|Jun 21, 2012
|Atkins & Pearce, Inc.
|Braided carbon nanotube threads and methods of manufacturing the same
|Dec 13, 2011
|Sep 7, 2012
|Atkins & Pearce, Inc.
|Braided carbon nanotube threads and methods of manufacturing the same as well as a low-tension carrier supplying nanotube filament
|U.S. Classification
|87/56, 87/61, 87/22
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 24, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 26, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 28, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Dec 3, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


text:
>SYLVIA MILES (Crossing Delancey) Playing Amy Irving's interfering matchmaker, Miles proves there's no such thing as a small part as long as she's acting it.
MARK RYDELL (Punchline) As a comedy club owner, the director of On Golden Pond returns to acting in a performance of notable wit and nastiness.
MARTHA PLIMPTON (Running On Empty and Another Woman) Her fresh, natural line readings as a modern American teenager make two flawed films seem much better than they are.
JOHN MILUWI (Gorillas in the Mist) In his first film, playing Sigourney Weaver's trusty tracker, this Mount Kenya rescue worker proves himself a formidable actor.
BETTY BUCKLEY (Another Woman) With one scene as the wife Ian Holm dumps for Gena Rowlands, she brings a complex character to startling, vivid life.
Picks and Pans Review: Scene Stealers
updated 10/24/1988 AT 01:00 AM EDT
•originally published 10/24/1988 AT 01:00 AM EDT


text:
iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $5.81 (36% off)
Best 'Cure'
Posted by 5189159439425707454 on Jan 10, 2013
Is the best 'cure' for depression and anxiety. I take 800mgs daily, keeps me level and less anxious.
Must Have
Posted by WeHealthy on Jan 22, 2016
Magnesium is a must have supplement!I reccomend to do a research!
Posted by Reviewer2458038 on Jul 15, 2008
The magnesium caps seem to work really well, I have been ording them for about a year now.
Great Product
Posted by Reviewer2930102 on May 26, 2011
This product helps me to stay regular along with Garden of Life Raw Fiber.
works great!
Posted by Reviewer1602129 on Sep 01, 2011
I have compared this product with Natural Vitality/ Natural Calm magnesium drink, and it seems to have an equal effect at 2 tabs a day. I am comparing these to find the most cost effective solution. I need to take this for benign tremors. This is far cheaper than the magnesium drink, so I assume it is as bioavailable.
Posted by Reviewer2336325 on Sep 28, 2011
Am very happy with this magnesium product. Relaxes muscles, helps with more peaceful sleep, and getting enough magnesium is vitally important for the proper function of all the cells in the body. It is a must for me, I would not go without it.
Posted by Reviewer2488582 on Nov 06, 2011
Indispensable for hypertension. NOW cannot be beat.
magnesium caps
Posted by Reviewer1026317 on Nov 07, 2011
My digestion was very slow and I had a lot of contipation due to age and medicines. After t aking this for a period of 8 months, I had no constipation and my digestion was improved. Also an added bonus was after a blood test for cholesterol, it had raised the good and lowered the bad to the point where I was within exceptable levels.
Good magnesium
Posted by Reviewer1614477 on Sep 19, 2011
These really help me and are great for constipation. Help naturally
Posted by Reviewer2514980 on Aug 15, 2008
I have been feeling a lot healthier. I take my vitamins separate instead of all together as a multivitamin and I take them all once a day at lunch time. I find that multivitamins either have too much of some vitamins and minerals or/and too little of it. I take B, C, D, E, Magnesium, and Zinc with Copper. Vitamins may also help with energy and the like, but it is mostly to help you stay and feeling healthy.


text:
Memo to Madge: when you're done with Guy Ritchie, can we have him please?
After our revelations about the rocky state of Madonna's marriage we were surprised, and not a little suspicious, when we were invited to an exclusive MySpace preview of Guy's new gangster movie RocknRolla at the SE One in Southwark, South London. Especially as the man himself was going to be there.
So was he going to give us both smoking barrels? Answer, er, not exactly. But we admit to gulping down our drinks for Dutch courage when he sauntered over, dressed in a sweetly naff fluffy beige tank top, to introduce himself.
"Ah girls, I think we need a word." Ouch! But as we braced ourselves for a dressing down from Mr Madge, he suddenly broke into a grin and said: "Sorry ladies, dressed like this and swigging cider I look like a bloody tramp."
Then he revealed just how he pulled his missus in the first place by turning the charm on us. So what about these second marriage stories as part of Madonna's 50th birthday celebrations? "Rubbish," he said. "We won't be renewing our vows. I think once was enough. And I've just paid out on a big party for her birthday."
All right so what did you give the girl who's got everything for such a special birthday?
"I bought her two original Hermes drawings of equestrian thingies - but, trust me, the party was infinitely more expensive than the paintings."
Thankfully he decided against casting Madonna in RocknRolla after their last movie together, Swept Away, sank without trace.
Instead Guy has put Thandie Newton in the lead female role and she stands out as a gorgeous gangster's moll among the crazy gang of thieves, murderers and, er, Russian billionaires... we wonder who that could be based on?
In a frank admission Guy confessed being married to Madge can be an issue in his professional life.
"The Madonna factor just seems to get in the way I'm afraid," he sighed.
"There wasn't a place for the wife in this movie. Swept Away was supposed to be for a smaller market but you can't really do small things with the missus, so I was naive in that respect.
"I made Snatch to entertain. And then Revolver was always going to be tricky but it wasn't supposed to be a classical gangster film, in the respect that this is." But he may be looking to his step-daughter Lourdes (or Lola) as a leading lady.
He laughed: "I read somewhere the film was called Rock and Lola after the children. I'm sure Lola will be a very talented actress. But Rocco is only eight, he's too young."
In the meantime if he's looking for any other leading ladies we have offered our services.
Guy's been in Danielle's hometown Liverpool scouting locations for the sequel to RocknRolla so we could be on to a winner - although we reckon Guy could do with some Scouse lessons. In a terrible accent, he said: "Aye yeah, I've been up to Liverpool a couple of times.
"Where are you from, Clemmie? Guildford's not quite as exotic as Liverpool. Can you talk Scouse like?"
We'll both speak Chinese if you give us parts in your next film, Guy!
Racist storm at screening
Guy Ritchie's screening spectacular was marred after a punter was kicked out for shouting racist abuse.
Trouble started brewing after five lads got stuck into the free bar. An onlooker said: "They were getting really lairy. They talked all the way through and kept being told to shut up.
"But it really kicked off when a scene about Russian immigrants flashed up. One kicked the back of a chair and started shouting his head off saying 'yeah all you immigrants get back home, go on, f*** off'. Some people walked out in disgust and he was chucked out by the bouncers."
Lets hope the premiere at Leicester Square on Monday goes off without any trouble.


text:
By which I mean... accessing them easily, quickly, efficiently. I think it was David Jaffe who said, when asked what he wants to see in the next generation of games, is a quick start-up process. That is, turn a game on - and start playing ASAP.
I wholeheartedly agree. As I'm playing CoD:MW3 (yeah, I'm a year late. I don't play full price for games if I can help it, especially yearly sequels like this)... one thing that struck me was how quick and easy it is to jump into a game. Boot up the disc - no really lengthy opening credits - main menu - online menu - find game. The game even has the courtesy of remembering which playlist you chose last time - meaning, all one has to do to jump into a game is hit the X button about 5 times after booting the disc. It really keeps me coming back for more each time I play it.
Compare to a game like Battlefield 3 (yes, a year late... again. for the record, I prefer CoD. But then, I don't play many shooters). The setup is the same, but the menus load more slowly. Then you have to connect to EA Online (ugh)... etc. etc. It's the exact same process! And somehow it takes triple the time.
This is a minor issue, and it's one that I didn't even realize until I saw how refreshing it was to just jump into a quick game of CoD. What do you people thing? Games take way too long to get into, right?
At least, handhelds have taken care of this. Shut your 3DS - Sleep your PSP/Vita. Turn it back on, and you're right where you started.
Because of this, I find that I leave games on, even when I'm not playing them. I don't mean all night, or when I leave the house, but if I'm doing something else around the house - I just pause so I can jump right back into it. Not very green of me, I know.
Anyways, something to think about for the future. Not all games are the same - CoD is a quick-fix type of satisfaction, so it almost NEEDS that sort of quick-start. An RPG, on the other hand... well, it's assumed that you'll be sitting down for a nice long session, no? Still... Dragon Age:Origins comes to mind. I think it takes a few minutes to get into that - opening credits, connecting to EA Online (ugh, again), checking for DLC... and then the loading times. Then again, DAO, great game that it is, runs like pure shit on the PS3 all around. At least it's consistent.


text:
Sunset Avenue Tanning Spa telephone number is (423) 842-3686.
Telefax: No fax number available
Website: No web address available
Biz owner? Moderate reviews or edit listing.
Search entire category for Tanning Salons
Tanning Salons, in Hixson, are beauty centers that provide services exclusively in artificial indoor tanning. They make use of lotions and creams to render a browning effect to skin, a requirement in tanning. They are also considered to be a safer alternative to outdoor tanning that results in skin damages.
NYS Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli Addresses Clean Energy Leadership Task Force
Audits Confirm Savings from Energy Efficiency Improvements at Long Island School Districts (Long Island, NY) On Friday, February 19th, New York State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli spoke before the Clean Energy Leadership Task Force which is a project directed by the Sustainability Institute at Molloy College located at Republic Airport in Farmingdale NY. Mr. DiNapoli discussed the results of audits..


text:
Activewear Brand Katie K. Asks: What Do You See In The Mirror?
**This is a sponsored blog post from Katie K Active***
It was perfect timing when Dove announced that they had completed an experiment about women's confidence on the same day we launched the Katie K Define Brave Mirror. Dove felt that many women had low self-esteem and wanted to find out if patches could be worn to improve her sense of worth. It worked and the women had more self-esteem and confidence and were happier with who they saw when looking in a mirror. We also felt many women were being very hard on themselves and that their confidence was low. Katie K wanted to find a way to remind you of who you are and to be proud of that person.
Katie K decided to show women through their reflection that they each have strength and confidence within them. Therefore, we launched our Define Brave Mirror. This enables women to purchase a mirror to send to someone they feel Defines Brave. Since each woman defines her brave in a different way, we wanted to remind women that they inspire, motivate and support each other in a variety of ways.
Ushering in a Brave New Era, Katie K launched with their Define Brave Campaign. We believe every woman has her own story of what makes her brave and confident in her life. It could be as simple as getting in a workout each day, completing a major work project, being a cancer survivor or overcoming a life-changing obstacle. We realize that each woman is unique in what drives, inspires and motivates her but the strength comes from within. Therefore, when you look in our define brave mirror, we want to remind you that you define your brave. Which may, in turn, inspire and motivate another woman to find her inner strength to define hers. How do you define your brave?
Click here and tell us how you Define Brave.
1 Comment
I have always been curvy, even as a teenager size 14 was my norm. Almost 5 years ago i had my first child , gained weight and went from a size 14 to a 20. I felt awful, i only went in public when i had to. Over a year ago my husband convinced me to take a belly dance class and i am so thankful i did. By learning how my body can move at a size 20 with belly dance i am more confident now than i have ever been in my live. Through my confidence i have become a beautiful woman. I wear more fitted clothing that shows my wonderful curves, and because of all the confidence i show i have to tell men "sorry I'm married". It feels absolutely great how much belly dance has done for me. I was scared the first class that i would have to show my mid section and now i show it with pride.


text:
Industry Events
Datebook Calendar
Industry Events
The Datebook is a comprehensive listing of insurance-related conferences, seminars and classes. You can quickly access information on a particular date or simply browse the selections by week. If you are sponsoring an event you may submit information via our online form to be posted on this site.