text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 8, 2003
|Filing date
|Nov 6, 2000
|Priority date
|Nov 6, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Raymundo M. Camenforte, John Briar
|Original Assignee
|St Assembly Test Service Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (37), Classifications (34), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
(1) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the fabrication of integrated circuit devices, and more particularly, to a method to automatically assemble flex Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages that have been enhanced.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, device performance continues to improve concurrent with the unrelenting strain of competitive advantage gained by tight control of device manufacturing cost. The basic laws of electronic design and device performance derived therefrom dictate that device performance in most cases can only be gained if device features are further reduced. This has led to the era of the Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) where device features in the micron and sub-micron range are becoming the norm. This results in greatly increased device density which in turn results in increased requirements that are imposed on the technology that concerns itself with the connection of the completed devices to the surrounding electronic interfaces or components.
Increased device circuit density does not necessarily result in smaller device packages. In fact, in many applications, device package size has increased concurrently with the increase in device density. The requirements to connect higher density, larger size devices to the surrounding environment has led to the development of surface mounted packages. With the increase in device density and the concomitant increase in functions being packaged per Integrated Circuit (IC), the need has arisen to provide increased input/output (I/O) capabilities for the IC. This increase in I/O connectivity however must be provided while reducing the footprint of the interconnecting medium, while maintaining acceptable thermal performance of the package and at the same time having no negative impact on the package reliability.
One of the conventional methods that have been used to assemble IC's with high device density and high I/O requirements has been the use of Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) or lead-frame packages. A TAB or lead-frame typically contains only one layer of interconnect lines. As is well known in the art, these packages can thermally and electrically perform satisfactorily with an I/O count of up to 300 leads at a thermal rating of 10 Watts while operating at a clock rate of 50 MHz. The area that is taken up be the I/O connects is determined not only by the footprint of the interconnect points but also by the distance or pitch between these I/O interconnect points. The presently established pitch is around 0.5 mm between adjacent I/O points; this does however impose limitations on the IC device interconnectivity. It is also clear that device operating speed will continue to increase at the same time that power (watts) consumed per IC device will continue to increase concurrent with the increase in circuit density. Decreasing the pitch of the I/O interconnect lines requires ever increasing sophistication in the deposition of the interconnect lines, a requirement that is further emphasized by requirements of adhesion to the underlying surface, contact resistance, resistance to corrosion and, ultimately, requirements of reliability in the face of high temperature down-stream processing.
The development of the Ball Grid Array (BGA) devices has offered the opportunity to spread device I/O interconnect points over the entire surface of the device, this as opposed to having I/O connect points available only around the periphery of the IC device. Typically, the BGA package is surface mounted and mounted on the surface of a motherboard (a Printed Circuit Board or PCB). The concerns of making reliable I/O interconnects now have shifted from fine pitch in-line lines to contact balls. General sizes that are currently in use for Quad Flat Pack (QFP) packages are a footprint in the 25�25 mm range, a lead pitch of around 0.5 mm while the package itself is about 2 mm thick. A typical ball pitch for a BGA package is around 1.5 mm, with a footprint similar in size to the QFP package and a package thickness similar or slightly less than the thickness of a QFP package.
In assembling a BGA package to a PCB, the lower surface of the PCB is typically provided with contact balls that connect to an interfacing network of conducting lines that connect to surrounding electrical components or systems. A typical PCB contains two layers of interconnect metal. A cavity is typically formed in the upper surface of the PCB, the semiconductor device that is to be mounted on the PCB is inserted into this cavity. The contact balls of the BGA make electrical contact with the layers of interconnect metal in the PCB, the BGA die is further wire bonded to the PCB and enclosed in a molded casing. The operation of wire bonding limits the size of the surface on which the wire is connected which in turn increases the size of the die that can be used. The side of the BGA that faces the PCB in this arrangement is the backside of the IC die, heat exchange between the BGA die and the underlying PCB takes place through this interface of the BGA die with the PCB. Since signal lines (in the PCB) are typically of fine construction, these lines do not lend themselves to provide a good path for heat exchange. The heat exchange between the BGA and the PCB must therefore depend on (wider or larger in cross section) ground planes in the PCB, which brings with it a limitation on the-space that is available to route signal lines in the PCB.
Present PCB technology is limited in the reduction of line size that it can apply in a cost effective and reliable design. This limits the operating clock cycle for the circuit application in which the PCB can be used.
In mounting relatively small size IC devices on the surface of relatively large size PCB's, the thermal expansion and the related acceptance or rejection or moisture content within the larger PCB can have a serious negative effect on the package performance under elevated temperatures. In the case where there is a high moisture content present in the assembled PCB, this moisture content will expand rapidly during down-stream operations, especially where these down-stream operations are required for the assembly of the BGA packages to the PCB. This rapid expansion of the PCB can cause severe thermal stress in interconnected surfaces to the point where these surfaces may be dislocated and break. It is therefore of great importance that every effort is made to limit the moisture content in the PCB prior to the assembling of the BGA into the PCB.
Thermal performance of a PCB mounted BGA can be improved by enhancing the contact between the PCB and the BGA by adding a body of metal in the cavity that is created in the PCB for the insertion of the BGA. This method has been applied successfully when mounting the BGA in a cavity that is created in the lower surface of the PCB. This method of mounting the BGA is however more difficult and incurs added cost in the manufacturing process.
Many of the techniques that have been discussed for mounting IC devices that have extended I/O capabilities do not lend themselves to high speed, automated methods of assembly. The well-known technique of Tape Ball Grid Array (TBGA) suffers from this disadvantage resulting in high assembly cost for the package. An exception from this is the Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) where multiple PBGA's can be formed from a single PCB strip while standard processing equipment has been designed to perform the process of assembling the package. The PCB strip that is used to assemble the PBGA package constitutes a substrate for providing interconnects in the package while serving as structural support for the package. The cost of assembling the PBGA package is sharply increased by the fact that, during assembly of the package, a relatively large amount of the PCB is discarded during the assembly.
A further consideration in using mounting methods for mounting BGA devices is the reflow and melting temperature of the contact balls. For BGA devices that are mounted on for instance PCB strips, some of the materials that make up the PCB strip may be affected by increased temperatures in an unacceptable process. If therefore the temperature of the PCB mounted BGA device is raised, for instance for rework purposes, damage to the PCB material may result. The chemical composition of the material used for the contact balls also plays a role in this in that the flow or softening of the contact balls is determined by the materials that have the lowest flow or melting point thereby making the contact balls unsuitable for high temperature environments. It can in this manner occur that, when a PBGA is removed from the motherboard for rework, some of the contact balls will separate from the PBGA package and adhere to the PCB. This results in time consuming and expensive rework or in complete loss of the removed device or even the PCB from which the device was removed.
Solder ball fatigue and mechanical stress that is exerted on the solder ball where the balls make contact determine the reliability performance of the ball interconnects. Ball fatigue is strongly influenced and determined by the thermal environment in which the contact balls are used with frequent and extreme variations in the temperature of the surrounding environment having a serious negative effect on the long term reliability of the contact balls. This effect can further be aggravated and can result in mechanical failure (sheer or breakage) if the thermal expansion of the environment with which the contact balls interface reacts have thermal coefficients of expansion that differ significantly from the thermal expansion of the contact balls. Under these conditions of thermal reaction, the mechanical stress that is exerted on the contact balls due to the thermally induced and mutually contradictory way of expansion and contraction, the contact balls have a high probability of mechanical failure making the overall package unreliable. It is therefore of key importance to realize that thermal performance is part of the overall package design and that considerations of cooling and transmission of heat generated by the devices that are mounted in these packages are very important in creating a successful package design.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,808 (Karnezos) shows an assembly of a Tab grid array assembly in strip form. Cited by the inventors.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,865 (Karnezos) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,397,921 (Karnezos) show TAB grid arrays.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,870 (Freyman et al.) shows a method for a Grid array assembly.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,671 (Freyman et al.) shows a mold runner removal process for a package.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,928 (Lee et al.) teaches a BGA method using a flex tape.
A principle objective of the invention is to provide a reliable and cost effective package for packaging BGA devices. The package comprises a tape with adhesive and copper traces attached below, a solder mask layer with openings that covers the copper traces, a stiffener structure having a cavity for accommodating the die having an electrically conductive surface
In accordance with the objectives of the invention a new package is provided for the mounting of IC devices. The IC die is bonded to metal traces contained in a flexible tape, the IC die with the flexible tape is attached to a stiffener (heat spreader), the various heat conducting interfaces are cured and solder balls are attached to another surface of the flexible tape. The invention offers the means for single unit (or package) attachment and transportation, a process carrier is used for this purpose. The process carrier is a flexible band or tape on which a single package is mounted and transported between processing stations. A carrier holder interfaces between the single unit and the process carrier.
FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) package using inner lead bonding techniques.
FIG. 2 shows a top view of the IC die with a partial cutout of the tape that is used in assembling the TAB package using inner lead bonding techniques.
FIG. 3 shows an IC die bonded to a flex tape using inner lead bonding techniques.
FIG. 4 shows the inner lead bonded IC die with the flex tape connected to the stiffener of the BGA package.
FIG. 5 shows the encapsulation of the inner lead bonded IC die inside the cavity of the package stiffener.
FIG. 6 shows the inner lead bonded BGA package after the solder balls have been connected.
FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) package using wire bonding techniques.
FIG. 8 shows a top view of the IC die with a partial cutout of tape that is used in assembling the TAB package using wire bonding techniques.
FIG. 9 shows a flex attached to a stiffener in preparation for wire bonding.
FIG. 10 shows the IC die with the flex tape connected to the stiffener of the BGA package in preparation for wire bonding.
FIG. 11 shows the wire bonding of the IC die inside the package stiffener.
FIG. 12 shows the wire bonded BGA package after encapsulation of the IC die inside that cavity of the stiffener.
FIG. 13 shows the wire bonded BGA package after the contact balls have been attached to the package.
Referring now specifically to FIG. 1, there is shown a cross sectional view of a Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) package of the present invention. The semiconductor chip or die 10 takes up the center of the package; the contact points 12 of the die 10 are closely spaced around the periphery of the die 10.
The heat spreader 14 takes in the main body of the TAB package, cavity 16 is provided in the heat spreader 14 for the mounting of the Integrated Circuit (IC) chip 10. The top of the IC chip 10 is in close physical contact with the heat spreader 14 via a thin adhesive layer 18 of thermally conductive epoxy. The contact points 12 of the die 10 are conductively bonded, using inner lead bonding techniques, to tape 20.
Tape 20 contains three layers 22 (the top layer), 24 (the center layer) and 26 (the bottom layer). Layer 22 is a layer of tape adhesive that connects that tape to the bottom surface of the heat spreader 14. The center 24 of the tape contains copper interconnect lines while the bottom layer 26 of the tape is the solder mask layer for interconnect to the contact points (typically contact balls) that are connected to the overall package. The top layer 22 of tape 20 attaches the flexible tap 20 to the bottom surface of the heat spreader 14, the heat spreader 14 in this manner also serves as a stiffener for the tape 20.
Heat spreader (or stiffener) 14 has, as already indicated, a cavity 16 for insertion of the semiconductor die 10, the surface of the heat spreader 14 is electrically conductive. The interface between the TGA package and the surrounding circuitry of which the TGA package is a functional part and is provided by a plurality of solder balls 30, each solder ball has the approximate size of the size of the openings in the solder mask layer 26, the solder balls are in this manner connected to electrically conducting paths of the copper traces contained in the copper interconnect layer 24.
The contact balls 30 connect to the outside circuitry by connecting to conductive pads, these conductive pads are not part of the TGA package but form the direct interface between the contact balls 30 of the TGA package and the interconnect lines of the outside circuitry.
These latter interconnect lines are typically part of an external (external to the TGA package) Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The interconnect points 12 of the IC die 10 are, as already noted, connected to free standing ends of the copper traces 24 using TAB inner lead bonding techniques. The interconnect points 12 of the IC die 10 can also be connected to free standing ends of the copper traces 24 using TAB wire bonding techniques, this is highlighted under FIGS. 7 through 13 following.
The encapsulation material 32 fills the cavity 16 of the heat spreader 14 with the exception of the top surface of the IC die where the IC interfaces with the heat spreader 14 via layer 18. The encapsulation material encloses the IC die 10 and penetrates between the IC die 10 to TAB inner bond or wire bonding connections 12.
A special use can be made of solder ball 31, this solder ball provides a direct connection between the underlying Printed circuit Board (PCB) and the stiffener 14 thereby establishing a direct ground connection between the PCB and the stiffener 14. It is clear that, where required, more than one (ground) connection between the PCB and stiffener of the TAB device package can be established in this manner.
Further detail relating to the TAB tape 20 is shown in the partial cutout view of tape 20 in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows a top view of the IC die 10, with die pads 12, in addition to the partial cutout of tape 20. Tape 20 contains a layer of copper traces (or interconnect lines) 24, one layer 22 of adhesive on one side (of layer 24) and one layer 26 of solder mask to which the contact balls 30 are connected. Copper traces (interconnect lines) 34 form a network of conducting lines (in layer 24 of tape 20) that spread out from the periphery of the opening 16 that has been created in the heat spreader 14. Each of the copper traces 34 end in a pad area 35, this pad area 35 aligns with the solder mask layer 26 for connection of the copper traces 34 to the surrounding circuitry.
Pad designs may differ based on the functional requirements that are imposed on the pad. The majority of interconnects to an IC die carry signal lines, for those interconnects the pads (for instance pad 37) can be of open design thereby improving circuit performance. For pads that are required to carry relatively large currents (for instance pad 35) and for which power dissipation becomes a concern, the pads may be of solid construction. For the copper traces 24, the distance between adjacent lines may be between 500 and 1000 microns while the pad diameter may be between about 200 and 700 microns.
Where, in FIG. 2, the cutout 24 highlighted the copper traces within tape 20, cutout 36 highlights the solder mask layer 26 of tape 20. Contact points 38 are provided in this solder mask for contact to the underlying contact balls 30.
The following details of materials used and design considerations apply to the TGA package of the invention:
the stiffener or heat spreader contains a thermally conductive material
the stiffener material has a thermal coefficient of expansion that is approximately equal to that of silicon
the stiffener material is made of copper
the stiffener has a conductive surface that is plated with metal that is wettable by solder, this metal is selected from a group that consists of silver and gold
the thickness of adhesive layer of the TAB tape is selected to allow the electrically conductive traces and the stiffener to form an electric path of controlled impedance
the apertures that are provided in the TAB tape for insertion of the IC die are slightly larger than the opening of the cavity that is provided in the stiffener for the insertion of the IC die, in this manner a bond wire can make ground connection between the IC die and the stiffener.
The process of assembling a TAB grid array package will be discussed next. First the process of assembling using the inner lead bonded techniques will be highlighted, the process of assembling using wire-bonded techniques will be discussed after that.
In FIG. 3, the contact pads on die 10 are bonded to the free standing copper tape traces of tape 20, that is traces 12 that are part of layer 24 of tape 20 (FIG. 2), this using inner lead bonding techniques. Layer 22 as indicated in FIG. 3 is the tape adhesive, layer 24 is the layer of copper traces while layer 26 is the solder mask layer with openings to connect the solder balls 30 (FIG. 1).
FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the heat spreader 14 with the die 10 inserted into cavity 16. The flexible tape 20 is attached to the heat spreader 14 by means of the adhesive layer 22 of the tape. The die 10 is attached to the heat spreader 14 via the back wall of cavity 16; the thermally conductive layer 18 attaches the die 10 to the heat spreader 14. The thermally conductive adhesive layer 18 is cured. At this point in the process there as yet exists an opening 28 between the sidewalls of the die 10 and the heat spreader 14.
FIG. 5 shows how the opening 28 (FIG. 4) between the die 10 and the heat spreader 14 is filled by insertion of a molding compound material 32 into this opening by a transfer molding process and fills not only opening 28 (FIG. 4) but is also inserted between the inner lead bonded connections of die 10. The ink marking of the unit is applied. The final molding compound or material is post mold cured and an ink mark is used at the same time.
The significant advantages of the transfer molding process over the prior art syringe encapsulation process are:
the transfer molding process has faster throughput, and
the consistency of the molded package height for transfer molding is much more consistent.
The next step required for the assembly of the wire bonded TAB grid array package is to connect the solder balls 30 to the package, FIG. 6 addresses this step. Solder flux is applied to the balls that need to be attached to the package, the solder balls are then attached to the solder mask 24 (conductive pads) of the tape 20. The solder balls 30 are re-flowed by applying heat to the package; excess flux is cleaned from the conductive pads by applying an appropriate cleaning agent. As a final step, the IC package is dry baked, which completes the process of assembling the inner lead bonded package.
It can be appreciated that the process of encapsulating TAB grid array packages, a process that has so far been addressed for a single package containing a single IC die, can readily be expanded to include multiple packages in an automated process. This process starts by placing a number of stiffeners on the surface of a carrier strip with each of the stiffeners having an opening. A multiplicity of pieces of tape, each piece to be used for one stiffener, is made available. These singulated tape frames are typically provided in reel or panel form from which they can be readily removed for application to individual stiffeners. Each frame contains bonding pads for connecting the IC die that is to be contained within the stiffener, solder ball bonding pads and interconnecting lines (conductive traces) that connect the die bonding pads with the solder ball bonding pads.
Each frame is connected to a stiffener using a tape adhesive that is made of thermoset or thermoplastic epoxy and that can withstand temperatures of above 300 degrees C. The encapsulation of the IC die is completed using the same processing steps as previously indicated of inserting the die to the back of the cavity with die attach epoxy, curing the thermally conductive adhesive in the cavity of the heat spreader, bonding the copper traces on the tape (for wire bonds) and encapsulating the die in the cavity of the stiffener and curing the encapsulating material. The solder balls are then attached to the conductive bond pads of the frames using a re-flow procedure. The solder balls that are used under the invention are made using a composite material consisting of tin, lead, and silver alloy in the ratio of 63:36:2. After the solder balls have been attached, the stiffeners can be separated into individual units by removing the stiffeners from the carrier strip.
A clear distinction must be made between inner lead bonding and wire bonding. The TAB package that is assembled using wire bonding techniques is discussed under the following FIGS. 7 through 13. The copper traces of the center layer 24 of the tape 20 are connected, using typical bonding techniques, to the contact points 12 of the die 10. For wire bonding the package arrangement is slightly different in that the contact points of the IC die are connected to traces of the center layer 24 of the tape 20 using wire-bonding techniques. This is shown in FIG. 7. The bond wires 40 and 42 are shown here as applied for the connection of the IC die to layer 24 of tape 20. It is clear that these wires can only be accommodated if the opening in the tape 20 that overlies the opening of the cavity in the heat spreader is slightly larger than the cavity in the stiffener. Wire 40 indicates a wire bonded connection between a contact point on IC die 10 to the copper traces contained in layer 24 of tape 20. A direct connection 42 can also be made between the IC die 10 and the stiffener 14. This direct connection 42 typically is a ground connection. As is shown in FIG. 8, the interconnect traces of layer 24 are, by virtue of their being attached directly to the stiffener by means of the adhesive layer 22, firmly supported by the surface of the stiffener. This establishes the necessary mechanical support for the wire bonding operation.
The process of assembling the wire bonded TAB package is further explained using FIGS. 9 through 13.
FIG. 9 shows how TAB tape 20 is attached to the heat spreader 14 using the adhesive layer 22 of tape 20. Tape 20 contains, as has previously been indicated, the adhesive layer 22, the layer 24 of copper traces for the interconnect network of the tape 20 and the solder mask layer 24. The adhesive layer 22 is cured after the tape 20 has been attached to the heat spreader 14. Cavity 46 is at this time provided in the heat spreader 14.
FIG. 10 shows how a layer 18 of thermally conductive epoxy is deposited over the top surface of cavity 46, the IC die 10 is attached to the heat spreader 14 by means of this layer 18. The epoxy layer 18 is cured after the IC die 10 has been inserted into cavity 46. The opening 44 between the sides of IC die 10 and the stiffener 14 is at this time vacant and will be filled during a subsequent processing step.
FIG. 11 shows how the contact points on the IC die 10 are connected, by wire bonding, to the copper traces in layer 24 of tape 20. Bond wire 40 is typically a signal connector while bond wire 42, which connect a contact point on the IC die 10 to the stiffener 14, is typically a ground connection.
FIG. 12 shows how the IC die 10 is encapsulated using a molding compound material applied by transfer molding to surround the die 10 forming the encapsulation layer 48. It must be noted that this layer not only surrounds the IC die 10 but also covers the bond wires. The ink markings of the unit are applied. The final molding compound layer 48 is post mold cured after injection and ink-marked at the same time.
FIG. 13 shows the attachment of the solder balls 30, this process is identical to the previously highlighted process of attaching the solder balls and does therefore not need any further explanation at this point.
For extremely fine pitch packages, where the distance between the contact points of the IC die is very small, the inner lead bonding packages is better suited. Wire bonding requires better access to the bonding contact points and is therefore not suited to extremely fine pitch connections. Wire bonding is therefore typically used for packages with larger pitch interconnects, these packages tend to be more expensive to produce. The wire used during the wire bonding operation also introduces larger parasitic elements into the circuit configuration resulting in limiting the high-end frequency range over which wire bonded packages can be used.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific illustrative embodiments thereof, it is not intended that the invention be limited to those illustrative embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is therefore intended to include within the invention all such variations and modifications which fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
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|Advanced Semiconductor Assembly Technology
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 6, 2000
Owner name: ST ASSEMBLY TEST SERVICES PTE LTD, SINGAPORE
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Subscribe Now
and get a year of girls' life for $19.95click here
Your Bod
Everyone's shaving but me. How can I convince my mom to let me shave?
I'm in seventh grade and still have hair on my legs. I'm afraid to ask my mom if I can shave. She'll probably assume I'm doing it for boys and I'm not. But the hair on my legs GROSSES ME OUT. I am the only girl in the whole grade who doesn't shave. I really want to shave my legs but I don't know how to ask! HELP.
I totally remember when I realized that everyone else had smooth legs in gym class except me. I was really embarrassed to talk to my mom about it, too. Your mom may not want you growing up too fast, but she also may not be as shocked by your request as you think.
Make sure you calmly explain to her that your main concern is that YOU want to shave and that you feel left out because it's time ta get with the program. Understand that to her, you're still her little girl, but be firm rather than whiny in your request. If she still doesn't hear ya, maybe you could suggest she speak with an already-shaving friend's mom for parental support.
+ Stay trim and get yummy recipes with Get Fit Fast, our weekly health newsletter
+ Land a beach bod just in time for Memorial Day
+ Hook your girls up! Bra deets you should know
MAJOR PLUS Get the latest from GL on Google+ and Instagram.
POSTED IN shaving 101, body, too young to shave, pubertyjump to comments


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Handcrafted Goods for the Whole House
Handcrafted Furniture: 10 Favorite Sources • Cozy Handcrafted Cat Beds • Sleep in Style: The Best Handmade Bedding • Handmade iPhone Docks • The Linen Napkin: Modern Table Linens Handcrafted in Seattle • Best Shaker Design Sources 2012 • Chop Chop! Handmade Wooden Cutting Boards • Heritage Bicycles General Store: Bicycles Handcrafted in Chicago • 6 Sources for Handcrafted Dishware • 10 Handcrafted Ceiling Lights
Welcome to Apartment Therapy's Best of 2012 roundup! From December 19 through January 1 we are rounding up our favorite (and your favorite) posts from the past year.


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Heat Surge Accent Electric Fireplace with Amish-made Wood Mantle - Cherry
The versatile Heat Surge Accent Fireplace doubles as an end table, nightstand or foyer accent table. This innovative design is space-saving as well as practical so it works well for small-scale living like apartments, vacation homes, RVs, mobile homes, retirement communities, condos or anyplace that could use the heat and ambiance of a fireplace. This fireplace has a classic style that blends well with any home décor and, like all Heat Surge fireplaces, the entire mantle is quality woodwork handmade and finished by the Amish in the heartland of Ohio.
- Real wood mantle made by Amish craftsmen, without particle board or MDF
- Exclusive Complete-Heat™ Technology uses an internal mini-furnace to generate a revolutionary new thermic heat that safely warms both you and the air around you
- Zone heating saves money on heaing bills
- Cool Touch vent technology keeps the fireplace cool to the touch
- Realistic flame with Fireless Flame® technology means there's no smoke, no fumes, no mess, no vent
- Customizable comfort with a thermostat control
- Fully functional remote control with batteries included
- Fully assembled
- Two heat settings:
- Heats an 18' x 18' room, such as a family room with the high heat setting (1,500 watts/4606 BTUs)
- Heats a 10' x 12' room, like a bedroom, with the standard heat setting (750 watts/2,300 BTUs)
- Safe to operate:
- 6-foot cord with grounded 3-prong plug
- 15 amp internal breaker
- Tip-over switch
- Reset switch
- UL approved for the USA and Canada
Dimensions: 18.25inches wide, 24.6 inches high, 11.5 inches deep
Specifications & Dimensions
Product Documentation


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In this data analysis activity, students connect the idea of the tilt and orbit of the earth (changing of seasons) with monthly snow/ice data. The lesson includes step-by-step instructions for use of the MY NASA DATA Live Access Server (LAS),... (View More) guiding students through selection of a data set from a location of their choice, importing the data into a spreadsheet, creating graphs, and analyzing data plots. The lesson provides detailed procedures, related links and sample graphs, follow-up questions, extensions, and teacher notes. Designed for student use, MY NASA DATA LAS samples micro datasets from large scientific data archives, and provides structured investigations engaging students in exploration of real data to answer real world questions. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free per student
This is a game about the formation of the solar system. Learners dynamically engage in modeling the growth of asteroids from specks of matter. Similar to tag, the children run around, have fun, and burn off energy. Different from tag, there is... (View More) science involved! The end of activity debriefing discusses strengths and limits of the model. Note the setting for this activity should be large and open where students can run. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This is an activity about size and scale. Learners will create and walk through a distance scale model of the size of the Solar System. This activity requires a straight line distance of approximately 295 meters (300 yards).
In this hands-on activity, learners will build a solar cooker by lining a box with reflective material and adding a translucent cover. The cooker can be used to make food products. This activity recommends use of empty (clean) pizza boxes. This... (View More) activity requires a sunny outdoor location for an extended period of time. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
This is an activity about the period of the Sun's rotation. Learners will use image of the Sun from the SOHO spacecraft and a transparent latitude/ longitude grid called a Stonyhurst Disk to track the motion of sunspots in terms of degrees of... (View More) longitude. Using this angular motion measurement, learners will then calculate the sunspot's angular velocity in order to determine the rotation period of the Sun. This activity requires access to the internet to obtain images from the SOHO image archive. This is Activity 4 of the Space Weather Forecast curriculum. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
In this introductory lesson, students will learn the basics of the aurora through small group discussions, reflection and reading. The lesson includes teacher notes and instructions, student workshops and an online, animated story, and related... (View More) teacher resources on aurora. This is lesson one of a collection of five activities that can be used individually or as a sequence; concludes with a KWL (Know/Want-to-know/Learned) assessment activity. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This lesson introduces students to myths about the auroras in different cultures. The class will read a story relating to legends of the aurora and share their reactions to the story. The teacher must select and obtain one or more books from a list... (View More) provided. For homework, students will create their own myth regarding the aurora. This is lesson two of a collection of five activities that can be used individually or as a sequence; concludes with a KWL (Know/Want-to-know/Learned) assessment activity. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This is an activity about ellipses, their focal points, and how the mathematics involved pertains to planetary orbits. Learners will draw their own ellipse using a string and pencil and calculate the minimum and maximum distance from the Sun for... (View More) each of the planets. This activity requires access to the Space Weather software and is Solar System Activity 5 in a larger resource, titled Space Update. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per group of students
Using information from their own observations, students construct a sky scene with trees and buildings as reference points on the ground and cloud types ordered by altitude in the sky. Students will describe clouds and then correlate their... (View More) descriptions with the standard classifications of cloud types used by The GLOBE Program. Uses commonly-available or inexpensive materials (blank wall chart paper, cotton pillow batting, wax paper, white sheet, sheer white fabric, glue, markers or pencils, scissors, rulers). Includes a teacher implementation guide. This is the 2nd of 3 sets of learning activities that are companion activities to the Elementary GLOBE children's book, "Do You Know That Clouds Have Names?" GLOBE (Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment) is a worldwide, hands-on, K-12 school-based science education program. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
This is an activity about three dimensional imagery. Learners can follow the instructions to create their own 3D images using a digital camera, photo editing software, and red-blue 3-D glasses.


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Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Spa
- Room service
- Swimming pool
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
Photos of Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth
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TravelPod Member ReviewsFairmont The Queen Elizabeth Montreal
A fabulous location but small rooms with rather tired decor!
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
Shelley and I came to the lobby of the Fairmont Queen Elizabeth and we're just relaxing in the beautiful lounge.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
Great place in the centre of town. Room was a good size and a king size bed and a view. Found the staff very friendly and helpful. My stay was only for one night
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
Staff were unhelpful and not at all friendly. Very big, 'posh' hotel, not our normal choice. We complained about the noise level from the room next door; our room was changed, but downgraded.
This review is the subjective opinion of a TravelPod member and not of TravelPod.com.
Historical Traveler Reviews Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth Montreal
Loved every moment
Beautiful, beautiful hotel. The view was incredable (11th floor, corner room). The room was huge, and had anything you could ever want. The people were super friendly and happy to help. I'd recommend this to anyone who asked.
The hotel was nice except when we got home we found tiny little bugs in all of our bags!!! I am looking for a different hotel for next time!
Couldn't be better
After having a few friends tell us how nice the hotel was, we had to see for ourselves. They didn't mislead us. We spent a long weekend there and found the hotel staff to be very nice, great food and the room was spectaculer. What a view of Montreal.
Loved The Queen Elizabeth
We recently stayed at The Queen Elizabeth, what a wonderful place. It is close to everything and the rooms are beautiful. The staff is knowledgable and couteous. The price for what you get is a bargain.
What a dump!!!
All I can say is WHAT A DUMP!! I think Fairmont should dump this hotel as quickly as possible or they are going to ruin their reputation! Went for long President's Day weekend - The hotel was under major construction and although I understand renovations are needed - I don't understand why construction needs to start at 6:30 AM. And one word to describe the staff... RUDE!!!Location is good but I would never stay here again.
QE Hotel Disappointing
If you are considering the Fairmont Queen Elizabeth as your luxury hotel destination in Montreal, forget it. Although they are undergoing renovations, and I'm sure there will be improvements, the rooms are terribly small (and new carpet won't fix that) and very unluxurious. We booked a Fairmont Deluxe room, which was supposed to be a renovated room, and were told upon arrival that the room classifications had changed, and now a Deluxe was a larger, un-renovated room. Our travelling companions had a regular Fairmont (not deluxe) room that was so small you could barely put down your luggage. Our room was a bit bigger, but was really old and dated (like 70's old, not antiquey old). The rate for such a gem was $200, which was disappointing considering I've stayed at the Delta Montreal a few streets over with a nicer room for less money. It seemed fairly clean, although not spotless, and the bathroom was so small that the backs of my legs touched the toilet as I stood at the mirror drying my hair.The funny thing is that whenever we told people where we were staying in Montreal, they would say "Oooh" as if it was this posh place. Bottom line, the Queen E has seen better days and there are better choices in Montreal. Thought I'd save someone else the disappointment, because it doesn't look anything like the photos on their website!
Re a complaint about a theft at the Queen E. hotel in Montreal
A review by Anonymous of Philiadelphia, PA complained of being the victim of a room theft at the Queen Elizabeth hotel in Montreal & that he had been sent to the police station to make a report. He complained that the police should have come to him, not that he should go to the police.
He's probably right. But don't blame the security of the hotel. This is how it is in Montreal. Victims of crimes where the suspect is not around must go to the police station to make their reports. The police will not come to them. This is part of the new "Community Policing". It is meant to keep more police out on patrol to respond to emergencies.
Big, Not Terribly Special & Pricey
Most of Canada's Fairmont properties are gorgeous and "typify" the city they are located in (The Empress in Victoria and Hotel Vancouver come to mind). Montreal has much more to offer than this pricey, rather plain hotel. Lipton tea bags at high tea? So-so rooms? More than $300 a night? No thanks. We switched to Hotel Versailles after the first night, spent a mere $95.00, and LOVED it.
Hotel Theft - How it ruined my family vacation!!!
**NIGHTMARE** AT THE FAIRMONT - QUEEN ELIZABETH HOTEL...My wife and I have been going to the Queen Elizabeth Hotel for years and have enjoyed ourselves over the years until recently. Recently, one evening we returned to our room to find that our entire vacation fund, over $1,200 was stolen.
Normally, I would never leave this type of money in my room, but unfortunately, I trusted the staff a little bit too much that day. We filed a complaint with the Hotel and that's when the real travesty began. The security staff got involved and were nothing but condescending, unprofessional, and superfluous. They did nothing, except send us down to the police station where we were then lectured on protocol for thievery in Quebec. We were never supposed to go to the station, but wait for the police must to come to us.
As far as management is concerned, they must of gone to the same school as the security staff for customer service. We received NOTHING, not a complimentary stay, which I never ask for, not $1 refunded, no dinner, not even a pack of crackers. My wife and I were appalled, to think that long time loyal patrons like ourselves would be treated like this by the Fairmont Queen Elizabeth Hotel.
The bottom line is we lost $1,200 and the rest of our vacation, and they lost us as a customer...Forever!!! And anyone else that we come in contact with going forward!
Great Place for couples!
I have gone to the queen elisabeth several times now and if you truly want the full luxury experience, please see their "gold rooms", located on the 19th and 20th floors. I had my bed made with mints, fresh clean towles and robes and a scrumptious breakfast and appetizer hour. if you can get the montreal "romantic" package deal -see www.tourism-montreal.org - and do a weekend thing - all the better for the price! otherwise, be prepared to spend about 300$/CAN for 3 days.
TripAdvisor Reviews Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth Montreal
Travel Blogs from Montreal
Day 26. Ottowa to Montreal
Despite the weather forecast of 25 degrees, we woke to a very cool, gloomy day. We can't complain really as we have had brilliant sunshine most days since the Grand Tetons 10 day. Maybe it's the dreary day or the almost constant touring for 3 weeks but fell into a slump to day and found it all a bit ho hum & unfortunately photos not so …
The Suite Life on Deck
... the ship is very confusing to me so far…its like a maze) and had dinner with some new friends on the back deck of the ship. The food was not that great. Garlic pasta (although I did not taste the garlic…it was rather plain) and beef stew for lunch (the beef stew was better than the pasta) and there were brownies, too! They were good! Then for dinner, chicken, ratatouille, & potatoes. They served other things, too, but that was what ...


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Solutions for Chapter 8
Social networking to bridge generation gap at workplace:
The organization remain more concerned regarding the sharing of knowledge and experience of baby boomers with Generation X, Generation Y and millennial. The baby boomers retiring will take their valuable experience and knowledge with them so it is an important aspect to share their experiences.
These points can be valuable for social networking and to bridge the generation gap:
• Effective communication techniques: The communication technique adopted should be faster and easily accessible.
• Blogs written by fewer people.
• Corporate wikis, prepared with combined collaboration of large number of employees can bridge the generation gap.
• Adoption of successful feedback techniques.
• Reactions of baby boomers and millennial should be recognized well to avoid conflicts.


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You have to feel sorry for the Football Association. England's new manager is already facing issues a game into his tenure. The Telegraph did that thing English media outlets like to do, setting up a sting to see if England manager Sam Allardyce was open to helping foreign investors work around FA rules. Feel free to guess what happened before clicking and confirming it. So here's the FA, having . . .
FIFA keeps being FIFA
FIFA isn't letting anybody but people from the host country vote on the mascot for the 2018 World Cup. Consider yourself denied the opportunity to vote for astronaut tiger over thumbs up wolf. If only that was it for FIFA's big announcements. If only. In far more important news, the AP's Rob Harris relays FIFA's decision to disband its anti-racism task force because... and honestly do we really . . .
Qualifying for the 2016 MLS playoffs in week 29
Last week, Toronto FC didn't actually qualify for the 2016 MLS Cup playoffs, even though the league said they did. This week, Toronto really did make the postseason. So did the Red Bulls and their dear friends NYCFC. CHECK ON THE GALAXY NYCFC booked their spot in the playoffs with a 4-1 win over the Chicago Fire. Jefferson Mena gave NYCFC the lead in the 8th minute. David Villa made it 2-0 New . . .
Draw for Stoke in USMNT players wrap-up
Geoff Cameron and Stoke City drew 1-1 with West Brom at Bet365 Stadium. Joe allen put Stoke up in the 73rd with West Brom equalizing in stoppage time. "We are a little bit upset, clearly, because we totally deserved to win the game," Stoke City manager Mark Hughes said. "We expected them to put balls into the box towards the end as they desperately tried to salvage something from the game, and in . . .
Soccer TV: Manchester United vs Leicester City
The weekend soccer TV schedule has Manchester United playing Leicester City in the early morning Saturday slot. There's also Arsenal playing Chelsea on Saturday. MLS is on the Sunday schedule with games on ESPN and Fox Sports 1. Manchester United vs Leicester City on Saturday at 7:45am on Saturday. Five games into the Premier League season and defending champions Leicester City is 11th in the . . .
Arsenal's two decades
It's easy enough to look at a Premier League team not firing their manager as the ultimate outlier in pro soccer. Every team but one has done it recently enough. Then there's Arsenal, with Arsene Wenger clocking in at 20 years. That requires the manager wanting to stay and the club letting him, a combination that might not happen at all anymore. People have challenged Wenger's longevity over . . .
Soccer TV: NYCFC vs Chicago Fire
It's the MLS Eastern Conference on Friday's soccer TV schedule. NYCFC hosts Chicago at Yankee Stadium. Also on the schedule, Ligue 1 on beIN Sport and a quick turnaround for Christian Pulisic and Borussia Dortmund after playing on Tuesday. NYCFC vs Chicago Fire at 8pm on UniMas. NYCFC is in 3rd-place in the East, level on points with the New York Red Bulls at 45 points from 30 games. Toronto FC . . .
Caring about the Club World Cup
FIFA announced what they apologetically called "the route to global glory". The rest of us would probably be ok with the 2016 Club World Cup schedule. For CONCACAF's champions Club America, this means they'll play the winner of the AFC Champions League in the quarterfinal. Win that one, and it's Real Madrid vs Club America. "There are less than three months to go and we are eagerly waiting for . . .
Goal for Fabian Johnson, EFL Cup and Liga MX scores
Fabian Johnson scored the equalizer in Gladbach's 1-1 draw with RB Leipzig. Gladbach fell behind in the 6th minute on the road. Johnson equalized in the 84th. Terrence Boyd wasn't in the squad for Leipzig. "Leipzig's style of play is relatively easy to read but it's still hard to play against them," Gladbach coach Andre Schubert said. "They are very well organised and they have a lot of pace in . . .
The end of the Azteca advantage?
By Luis Bueno – RIVERSIDE, CA (Sep 21, 2016) US Soccer Players - Several centuries ago, the city of Teotihuacan was the bustling and thriving center of the pre-Columbian Americas. Sitting some 20 miles outside of present-day Mexico City, Teotihuacan's sprawling palaces and impressive pyramids, the city was the influential hub of the land. By the time the Aztecs rose to power in the middle of the . . .


text: Imagine that you own each of the following businesses: Tinker�s Home Security Service (sole proprietorship) Tinker & Tailor�s Home Security Service (general partnership) Tinker & Tailor�s Home Security Service (LP) Tinker & Tailor�s Home Security Service, Inc. (corporation) Tinker & Tailor�s Home Security Service, LLC (LLC) a. The businesses are being sued for breach of contract. In a chart that does not exceed one half of a page, compare and contrast your personal liability exposure as a result of the different lawsuits. In one paragraph, discuss how you might limit your liability exposure within each particular business organizational form. b. After completing the first part of this exercise, describe one business that you may own some day or that you currently own. (Even if you never plan to own a business, pretend as if you will do so for the purposes of this assignment. Identify the best business organizational form for the type of business that you have described, considering personal liability exposure as well as management, taxation, and ease of formation.


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Fixed PriceDelivery by May 7, 2013
I need someone to setup this script for me on my Amazon EC2 account.
The script is Sendy and the getting started guide is here:
You will need to know how to setup a MYSQL database on Amazon EC2 and be able to setup the script with that database information after you've created the database.
This should be an easy install for someone who knows what they are doing.
I'll pay quickly.
I will give you the script and everything after I agree to the job with you and will pick very quickly as I need this done immediately.
About the Client
United States
Lansing 12:35 AM
Jobs Posted
58% Hire Rate, 2 Open Jobs
Total Spent
99 Hires, 10 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
513 Hours


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Funding Unsuccessful
This project's funding goal was not reached on May 18, 2014.
Sneak in, find treasures, avoid cats and collect the loot before time runs out!
This project's funding goal was not reached on May 18, 2014.
RATS is a bank robbery game in which the player progresses in a world where time is of the essence; every second counts!
This game gives you the opportunity to live a bank robber's life from the strategic management of time to the excitement of a robbery.
The mission? Retrieve the money from the pigs without being caught by the cats or the roosters!
Basically it's action, survival, cheese and strategy all wrapped up in a small package!
The game proposes short tasks, starting from planning and upgrading your Rat to rob the loot before your time runs out! Our objective is specific : to make you experience the adrenaline rush felt by a bank robber during a heist.
RATS is a cross between Gauntlet and Pac-Man with a hint of Roguelike elements.
RATS puts you in the position of a bank robber and evokes the adrenaline rush of a heist. You will be consumed by the desire to acquire the loot and have a clean getaway ! You will constantly be pressured to take quick and strategic decisions in order to succeed before time runs out.
You can download our first prototype here.
What is to come?
In its present state, the available demo is not complete. That said, the following aspects mentioned will be implemented for the release of RATS.
The player takes on the role of a fearless and courageous young rat with the mission to take back the accumulated wealth of the Pig empire ! In order to do this, he will appropriate and use items, evade the cats, avoid the roosters and manage is precious time to succeed.
The goal of the game is simple : save the planet from an evil plan of world domination! Easy to say but to do that, the player has 30 days to rob as many banks as possible and reach the financial objective to overthrow the power! Each game contains random events and achievements and new RATS to obtain and discover.
Since life is unpredictable and unforgivable, RATS proposes a combination of randomness : events which have an impact on your mission, beneficial encounters with third parties who want to help, a unique opportunity to obtain a specific item and many more which will influence the outcome and experience of one game to another.
Speed cheeses, coins magnets, bobby pins and hats are some of the articles which will help you attain your goal.
The pressure of time and the feeling to be between freedom and prison
Pressed by time ? You have not seen anything yet ! It is pressured by a diabolical countdown that the player will have to fulfil tasks and reach goals.
Prison if you get caught …
We will not sweetened the pill : once the time is gone, prison is where you will be sent to ponder about what you did wrong!
Developing a game requires great creative effort, tons of hours of programming and a huge amount of art resources. Making a game is one thing, but being able to stand out is another.
Until now, we have built an Alpha of the game (main features are completed) thanks to many hours of passionate work, in the evenings, late at night and on the weekends. To ensure the game will be available on multiple platforms, and for the marketing of RATS, we need a substantial amount of money.
Your generous contributions will be used as follows:
After years of development, between day jobs, family, kids and secretly trying to unlock all the ships in F.T.L, our first project Aztaka is now available on all the main platforms.
But now, what can we do next to achieve total independence and go back to our passion of making games? Win the lottery? Rob a bank? No, wait…Make a game about robbing banks!
So, since last October we dove head first into a new adventure: RATS, an innovative and fun game about time and money!
The team
We have learned a lot since we published our first title Aztaka in 2009. Since then, we have gained more experience in releasing a game. We are now confident in our ability to deliver a product of high quality and ensure that whomever gets the game has a great experience.
Proper content updates and expansion packs will be planned before launch and developed after, based on the input of the community. This will reduce the chances of delay and putting your investments at risk.
If you like what you see, we invite you to join us on this great adventure!Learn about accountability on Kickstarter
Have a question? If the info above doesn't help, you can ask the project creator directly.
- (37 days)


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Min comment interval: 14 seconds
Remaining character count: 4000
Remaining character count: 4000
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Shortcuts: "C" opens comments. "R" refreshes comments.
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Anonymous comments allowed.
2 new threads. 1 new replies.
#881 - fedemiss
Reply +3(05/26/2012) [-]
#942 to #893 - specialeddie
Reply +1(05/27/2012) [-]
to an extent, this is true, but if somebody writes a great tune with ******** lyrics, I'm not going to listen to it, even if I can't understand what they're saying
#943 to #942 - specialeddie
Reply 0(05/27/2012) [-]
even to this, there are exceptions, like below. what I meant was somebody trying to be serious but instead writing horrible cheesy lyrics. I Am The Walrus is just awesome either way


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SURVEY OF LAW FIRM ECONOMICSThe National Law Journal
How small and midsize firms weathered the storm
Survey shows a grim revenue picture for many, but expense cuts helped firms maintain profitability.
This year, for the first time, the NLJ has partnered with ALM Legal Intelligence to bring readers results from The Survey of Law Firm Economics. Taken by 187 firms — most with fewer than 150 attorneys — the survey provides a rare glimpse into the financial health of firms outside the Am Law 200 and the NLJ 250. How did those firms fare? Although their revenues remained flat during 2009, cuts in expenses helped some firms eke out small increases in profits.
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In honor of ourlittlebirds who just today blessed me with a k-tan I'am going to post this I have up for grabs.
some mothers milk tea &
both are opened but have been keep in clean safe conditions. and where bought less then 2 months ago.
If you are interested pan me and if allot of people are I will pick a person raffle like. agian completely free.


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Toys for Curious Kids
205 Arch Street in
Old City, Philadelphia
Stop by and play! We carry whimsical toys for kids of all ages. Let our staff help you find the perfect gift for everyone on your list, and enjoy our complimentary gift wrap.
Mon-Fri 11-6:00 | Sat 10:30-6:30 | Sun 12-5
**We will be open regular hours for Labor Day.**
Named Best Toy Store 2015 by Philadelphia Magazine
"Play is often talked about as if it were a relief from serious learning. But for children play is serious learning. Play is really the work of childhood." Fred Rodgers
"Play is the highest form of research." Albert Einstein
"It is a happy talent to know how to play." Ralph Waldo Emerson


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Mile Map Hostel - Bangkok - Thailand
Mile Map Hostel - BangkokMile Map Hostel
Address: 36/4 Pan Road, Silom, Bangrak
Phone Number: +6626351212
Geolocation: 13.723798, 100.523155
Mile Map Hostel Rates & Reservations
- Book your room
- Book your room
Mile Map Hostel Reviews
Mile Map Hostel average rating
7.8 out of 10 based on 120 user reviews.
7.8 out of 10 based on 120 user reviews.
Check Availability and Book Now....
If you experience any problems with the above search please click here
Mile Map Hostel - Bangkok Description
Mile Map Hostel is a popular choice amongst travelers in Bangkok, whether exploring or just passing through. Featuring a complete list of amenities, guests will find their stay at the property a comfortable one. Take advantage of the hotel's free Wi-Fi in all rooms, 24-hour security, convenience store, daily housekeeping, Wi-Fi in public areas. Internet access - wireless, internet access - wireless (complimentary), non smoking rooms, air conditioning, balcony/terrace can be found in selected guestrooms. The hotel offers various recreational opportunities. Mile Map Hostel is an excellent choice from which to explore Bangkok or to simply relax and rejuvenate.
Mile Map Hostel - Bangkok classifies itself as a 2 star hotel.
N.B. Please note that the star ratings are interpreted generously by the hotels in many countries.
N.B. Please note that the star ratings are interpreted generously by the hotels in many countries.
Mile Map Hostel - Bangkok Facilities
N.B. Please note that these are considered correct at the time of publishing, but may no longer be available. If any of the facilities are absolutely essential for you please check when booking. Please do not assume that all are included in the room rate.
Mile Map Hostel Hotel Facilities
- Meeting Facilities
- Smoking Area
- Wi-Fi in Public Areas
Mile Map Hostel Room Facilities
- Air Conditioning
- Balcony / Terrace
- Hair Dryer
- Internet Access - Wireless
- Internet Access - Wireless (Complimentary)
- Non Smoking Rooms
- Shared Bathroom
- Shower
Online Reservation - click here
reserve your discounted Mile Map Hostel room now!
reserve your discounted Mile Map Hostel room now!


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Joseph Palermo: The next time you order salmon at your favorite restaurant or buy some at your local grocers you could be unwittingly eating an entirely new life form on planet earth.
Food and Drug Policy
Wendell Berry said, "People are fed by the FOOD industry, which pays no attention to HEALTH and are treated by the HEALTH industry, which pays no attention to FOOD." This is emphasized by the proliferation of genetically modified foods (GMOs) in the United States and the increasing power that corporations like Monsato hold over our political process. The articles on this page address this and other food related issues. Please read and don't forget to share these articles with your network.
The Best Preventative Measures Against HIV/AIDS for the 21st Century
Rosemary Jenkins: What is beautiful and amazing about this drug is that, in a recent clinical study, 100% of participants in the at-risk group have remained free of infection.
Environmentalism and Why I'm a Vegetarian (Almost)
Vegetarian Health: What convinced me to cut back on eating red meat was when I realized the environmental consequences of consuming it.
BIG Ag'S GMO Gambit: Defeat Labeling & Label Opponents as Terrorists
Defeating GMO Labeling — People are outraged once they see what happens to their dinner before it gets to their plates.
A Curse, a Blessing, and a Good Food Movement
Good Food Movement — The Good Food rebellion has since sprouted, spread, and blossomed from coast to coast.
Monsanto, the TPP, and Global Food Dominance
Ellen Brown: If the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) passes, control over not just our food but our health, our environment and our financial system will be in the hands of transnational corporations.
Combatting Threats to Healthy Food & Vitamins at Codex Alimentarius
Label GMOs of San Fernando Valley presents National Health Federation President and General Counsel, Scott Tips — Tuesday, November 19th
City Hall Gunning for LA's Food Charities Again?
Dan Bluemel: Food lines being under attack is nothing new in LA. Three years ago, a similar campaign, led by business interests and residents in the Skid Row area downtown, managed to shut one food line down and threaten several others.
Playing Chicken with Food Safety
Dan Farber: Somewhat surprisingly, considering its something the public cares about deeply, food safety doesn't seem to have many friends in Washington.
Is Movement to Label GMOs Anti-Science?
Carole Bartolotto: While I can't speak for the entire movement, I can say that the lack of research in humans and troubling findings in some animal studies is enough to make me question the safety and necessity of GMOs.
Fracking America's Food Supply
Walter Brasch: Fracking — the process the oil and gas industry uses to extract fossil fuel as much as two miles below the ground—may directly impact the nation's water supply, reduce water-based recreational and sports activity, and lead to an increase in the cost of food.
China Orders Ham?
Vijay Prasad: The US is perfectly content to allow the Chinese to buy its debt, and finance its debt-driven consumption and its debt-driven asset bubbles. American pride does not want to countenance Chinese purchases of actual US assets.
Got Milk? No Thanks
Carole Bartolotto: The good news is that you can easily replace cow's milk with almond, soy, rice, hemp or coconut milk instead. I love Trader Joe's Vanilla Almond Milk.


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Cental Valley's Robert Foster commits to Alabama
Top recruit chooses Crimson Tide over Pitt PanthersUPDATED 7:39 PM EST Dec 21, 2012
The Pitt Panthers were thought to be Robert Foster's top choice, but the Central Valley wide receiver committed to a different school when he announced his decision on Friday.
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Kamea Hadar and Defer
More collaborative work from my good friend Kamea Hadar and Defer. More images below.
More collaborative work from my good friend Kamea Hadar and Defer. More images below.
Kamea Hadar and Defer are collaborating on a series of work entitled "Paradise Lost". The on-going project will see the two artists create murals and gallery shows together in several different cities. They have their first show opening on August 7th, in San Francisco, at 1AM Gallery. See more images below.
Every night at Pow Wow eventually turns into a drawing party. Drawing by Nychos and Andrea Wan, more flicks below!
Collaborative drawings by illustrator James Hancock and his brother Tom, who has Downs Syndrome. Love how their styles balance each other.
I always keep my eye out for the insanity that is people obsessed with Hello Kitty. I've documented tattoos and haircuts among other things, but this news is next level.
You can now fly on Hello Kitty Airlines! Taiwan-based EVA Air has launched three jets: The Apple Jet, The Magic Jet, and The Global Jet. I love how ridiculous this is!
There is a scene in Efterklang's film "An Island" where the band performs with local people from a small town and although it is obvious that most of them are not musicians they are all playing instruments alongside the band. It is a beautiful scene (I admit I shed a tear the first time I watched it), and I was so inspired by it I began brainstorming ways that I could create a similar experience with bands here in Vancouver. I didn't take the idea any further than my notepad.
Last week I discovered that some fellow Vancouverites have started doing this very thing! They call it Playground. The premise is simple: One band, one audience, one goal. Create a song together, and then record it in less than an hour.
Watch a video of the most recent Playground event below!
Watch Joao Ruas and Andrew Hem paint a mural together.
Watch the video below!
Collaborations between Luke Ramsey and his 13-year old neighbor Finlay Pogue. Pender Island, BC. Love these!


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© Copyright 2016 Kia Motors Corp.
Superior quality grip backed carpet mats. Black in colour and trimmed edging.
Slimline weathershields. Sedate in design but high in functionality. Allows for extra fresh air whilst driving with the windows down.
All new Soul 2016 MY is the perfect fusion of form and function, offering the practicality, comfort and safety of a small SUV, that's big on style. Celebrate your urban lifestyle with Soul, a vehicle that's as practical as you are and as versatile as you want to be. Think outside the box and enjoy compact without compromise.
© Copyright 2016 Kia Motors Corp. All Rights Reserved.


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New Plant is the leading grower of Indigenous Plants in South Africa. We supply major nurseries nationwide. Feel free to browse our incredible range displayed on this website. Nursery buyers are encouraged to register with our store where you will gain acces to availabilty, pricing and specials.
It can only be from New Plant
Since our establishment it has always been our aim to supply a distinctive range of high quality indigenous plants. From tried and tested favourites, to the 'new and different'. All our products are presented in the peak of health – just add water for instant results!
It's about people and what they need
Do you need to improve a landscape? Rehabilitate an area to its natural state? Attract 'Mrs Jones' to your garden centre? You can be sure we'll 'hang in there' until we find the right solution to your requirements.
It's about Mother Nature
Before we arrived on the scene, the idea of an all-indigenous wholesale nursery was unheard of. Since then, a lot of previously 'desirable' ornamentals have proved to be invasive. At New Plant, we provide environmentally appropriate ornamentals for every purpose.
Designed and buily by your business online


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CINCINNATI — The Kroger Co., the largest conventional supermarket operator in the United States, has announced that by February 2008, all private-label milk sold in its stores will be certified rBST-free, following similar announcements in recent months by chains including Publix and Safeway. Kroger moved to rBST-free milk in its Western markets earlier this year, including milk it processes and sells in its City Market, Dillons, Fry's, Food 4 Less, Fred Meyer, King Soopers, QFC, Ralphs and ...
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Hello! Looking for help on my disappearing period lol.
I've been getting my period regularly since April. Every 28-29 days.
According to my handy dandy app, I'm 4 days late. I've tested twice - both times negative.
I used to BF regularly but feedings dramatically dropped around the time I started to get my period. There's been a slight uptick in BFing as Oli has been teething so she latches on for 1-2 mins x 3/night for the past week or so.
Could that have something to do with it?
Has this happened to anyone else that is not pregnant? lol.


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Group Booking Terms and Conditions
Because you are making a Group Booking, there are additional Terms and Conditions that apply. Please read them and click 'I Accept' below to continue with your booking
Hostel Specific Terms & Conditions
The remainder of the amount due will be charged to your credit card ???? Should numbers or room selection change, the per person deposit times the number of people who actually travelled will be deducted from the total accommodation charge levvied by the hostel.
The following group types are not accepted by this hostel: Holiday with Friends, Junior / Primary School, High / Secondary School, College / University, Business Trip, Stag/Hen/Bachelor Party, Sports Group, Cultural Group If you have misrepresented the type of group you are booking for, your booking may be cancelled by the hostel.
Any cancellations resulting from agreement to these terms and conditions under false pretences will result in loss of deposit.
General Group Booking Terms
By making a group reservation through Hostelworld.com you agree to the following terms and conditions as set by Hostelworld.com and as set by the hostel in question.
- In order to make a group reservation on Hostelworld.com it is necessary to pay a deposit. The balance is due directly to the hostel according to their payment conditions.
- The booking deposit is non-refundable
- Hostelworld.com are not responsible for changes or amendments to your reservation once it has been processed. All correspondence with regard to changes to your booking need to be dealt with directly with the hostel.
- Cancellations for reservations must be made directly with the hostel and must conform with the individual hostels cancellation policy (see below)
- It is your responsibility to pay the balance of your accommodation cost to the hostel in accordance with their payment conditions (see below). Failure to do so may result in your reservation being cancelled by the hostel.
- Individual hostels may have special booking conditions relating to group stays, please read the hostel booking conditions carefully before making your reservation.
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Siste omtaleOversatt avLes alle anmeldelser
" Vi kom på vandrerhjemmet på tiden vi hadde gått inn for innsjekking, ble vi møtt av en rengjøring dame som fortalte oss at sjefen måtte ta vår betaling og han var 10 minutter unna. Vi ventet på en time for sjefen før vi bestemte oss for å gå ut og finne et annet sted å bo. Rommene var annerledes enn bilder, vår "dobbeltrom" hadde en dobbeltseng og et sett med køyesenger presset inn i det og hele stedet smelte som sigarettrøyk og føler meg ikke veldig sikker. Senger og bad var ren. "- chaarlr
Hostelworld mobilapper
Bestill mens du er på farten med de nye mobilappene til Hostelworld.


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on January 10, 2014 - 12:01 AM
Kenmore Garden Club will hold a breakfast meeting at 9:30 a.m. Tuesday in Kenmore United Methodist Church, 32 Landers Road, Kenmore. Following the meeting, club member Maryann Jumper will conduct a PowerPoint presentation featuring the Butchart Gardens near Victoria, British Columbia. Guests are welcome.
Evans Garden Club will meet at 7 p.m. Tuesday in the home of Deb Kingan for a wine and cheese social featuring edible arrangements. For information, call 549-0598
Federated Holland Garden Club will meet at 11 a.m. Wednesday in the Brink Memorial Community Center, Legion Drive, Holland. Following the business meeting and luncheon, Sandy Barns, a horticulturist and Certified Nursery & Landscape Professional, will present "Create Your Water Garden Oasis." For information, call 537-9710. New members are welcome.
Cinderella Isle Garden Club will meet at 7 p.m. Thursday in Trinity United Methodist Church, 2100 Whitehaven Road, Grand Island. The theme is recycling. Members are asked to bring items that they have recycled and/or repurposed. For club information, contact Mary Barabasz at 998-1186.
Forest Stream Garden Club will meet at 7 p.m. Thursday in Forest Elementary School, 250 N. Forest Road, Amherst. Kari Anderson will present a PowerPoint entitled, "Vacations to Warm Away the Winter Blues," a compilation of photos of members' favorite gardens from home and abroad. Members and guests are invited.
If you have a submission for Garden Notes, please send it to Susan Martin, Garden Notes, Features Department, The Buffalo News, P.O. Box 100, Buffalo, NY 14240. Fax: 849-3445. email: firstname.lastname@example.com. All items must be received in writing two weeks prior to publication.


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These Masquerade Memories Round Key Tags are the perfect keepsake!
Our Masquerade Memories Round Key Tags is printed with a Mardi Gras design that includes two detailed masks and flowing gold ribbons. Choose your wording, font and font color to personalize these key tags. Add one of the Masquerade Memories Round Key Tags to each favor bag.
Personalized Keychain features:
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).


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Understanding the signal flow of audio and MIDI data and the gain stages along the signal path is crucial knowledge for any musician, recording engineer, and producer using Pro Tools. That knowledge will help you use your studio gear the way it was intended to work, enabling you to achieve optimal recording levels and help you avoid clipping or unwanted distortion. You'll also be able to troubleshoot just about anything in your Pro Tools studio signal flow. Let's follow the signal path from a vocalist to a set of monitors, that is, the entire input to output signal path.
As the vocalist sings into the mic, the mic picks up that energy and converts the acoustic energy into an electrical current. The signal then travels to the microphone preamplifier in your audio interface where the signal is boosted in level. Next, the signal is converted from analog to digital, from electrical current into zeros and ones. It goes into Pro Tools, and is routed to your hard drive where it's recorded. Pro Tools then routes the signal back out to a digital to analog converter in your interface, where it's amplified and sent out to the monitors or headphones.
Let's take a minute to discuss gain stages. A gain stage is any device along the signal path that either boosts or attenuates the level of a signal. Here the potential gain stages involved in recording an instrument or a voice with the microphone into Pro Tools, both on the input and output sides of the signal flow. First, we have the dynamics of the performance: how loudly the singer sings or the player plays its instrument. Then we have the instrument volume level and amp volume. If there are any effects in the signal path, those also have gain stages too.
Then we have the mic preamp level or the line or instrument input level. Finally, if you have a compressor in the signal path or any other post mic preamp effects, those will affect the input level. Once the track has been recorded into Pro Tools, there are number of gain stages on the output signal path. Any plug-ins or inserts that you have on a track have their own gain stages, and if you've set up any effects loops, you may have send levels or auxiliary track levels that also affect the output levels. Each track has an individual volume fader that will obviously affect the output volume.
The master fader track level determines the final output level of the mix. And then finally, you have the headphone or monitor levels that determine how loud you actually hear the output from Pro Tools. Now let's switch gears and talk about the MIDI signal path. MIDI performance data is played on a MIDI controller. The data goes into the MIDI interface, which may or may not be built into the controller itself, where it is converted into binary for Pro Tools to recognize and record. At this point the MIDI performance data still has no sound.
Then that data is routed to a sound source. It could be a virtual instrument inside the computer or an external sound module. If it's a virtual instrument, the MIDI performance data stays within the computer, where it is transformed into an audio signal. If using an external sound module, the MIDI performance data is routed out of Pro Tools, converted back into MIDI data, and then transformed into an audio signal. That audio signal must then be routed back into Pro Tools via an audio input.
Once it's in Pro Tools, you can monitor it and record it as an audio signal, and all this happens in a fraction of a second. So, for both audio and MIDI data, the signal flow is pretty complicated when you really look at it through all the components. Understanding the signal flow and the gain stages along the way can help you capture higher quality recordings, as well as troubleshoot almost any signal flow and gain staging problem during the recording and mixing process.
- Exploring the Pro Tools interface
- Choosing a playback engine and other settings
- Setting up Pro Tools hardware and software properly
- Importing audio
- Recording and editing audio and MIDI
- Arranging a session
- Writing and editing automation
- Mixing and mastering a session
- Using automatic delay compensation
- Bouncing down a mix as an MP3
- Importing and displaying video
- Archiving a session


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"My Heart Will Go On" is the theme song of the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic. With music by James H...
"My Heart Will Go On" is the theme song of the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic. With music by James Horner and lyrics by Will Jennings, it was recorded by Céline Dion. Originally released in 1997 on Dion's album Let's Talk About Love, it went to number 1 all over the world, including the United States, United Kingdom and Australia. My Heart Will Go On was released in Australia and Germany on December 8, 1997, and in the rest of the world in January and February of 1998.[1] It became one of the best-selling singles of all time, and was the world's best selling single of 1998.Horner had originally composed the song as an instrumental motif that is used in several scenes during Titanic. He then wanted to make a full vocal song out of it, for use in the end credits of the film. Director James Cameron did not want such a song, but Horner went ahead anyway and got Jennings to write the lyrics. Dion was Horner's first choice to sing it, but when she heard the song, she did not want to record it. It was her manager and husband, René Angélil, who convinced her to record a demo version, which was something she hadn't done for many years. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he might be criticised for "going commercial at the end of the movie."The song was recorded in one take and without instrumental accompaniment. Horner, Dion, and later Sony Music Entertainment decided to use this first recording because "Dion's voice was perfect."The music video was directed by Bille Woodruff and released at the end of 1997. It was included later on the All the Way A Decade of Song & Video DVD.In addition to Dion's Let's Talk About Love and the Titanic soundtrack, "My Heart Will Go On" appears on several other albums, including Au cœur du stade, All the Way A Decade of Song, A New Day... Live in Las Vegas, Complete Best and My Love: Essential Collection. It was also included on the following DVDs: Au cœur du stade, All the Way A Decade of Song & Video and Live in Las Vegas - A New Day....At the height of the song's popularity, some radio stations in the U.S. and the UK played an edited version of the song, that had dramatic moments of dialog from the Jack and Rose lead characters in the film inserted in between Dion's vocal lines. It was included later on Back to Titanic second soundtrack album.In France, "My Heart Will Go On" was released as a double A-side single with "The Reason.""My Heart Will Go On" is Céline Dion's biggest hit and one of the best-selling singles in history. In the U.S. the song debuted at number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and stayed in that position for 2 weeks. It spent 10 weeks at number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay and was also number 1 for 2 weeks on the Hot 100 Singles Sales. Only a limited number of copies was released - 690,000 - which were sold out in a few weeks. The single was eventually certified gold in the U.S. The song became also number 1 on few other U.S. charts: Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks (for 10 weeks), Top 40 Mainstream (10 weeks), Hot Latin Pop Airplay (4 weeks) and Hot Latin Tracks (1 week). "My Heart Will Go On" was the first English-language song to top the Hot Latin Tracks chart and Dion was given a Billboard Latin Music Award for that achievement."My Heart Will Go On" was number 1 all over the world, spending many weeks at the top position, including: 17 weeks on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles, 15 weeks in Switzerland, 13 weeks in France and Germany, 11 weeks in the Netherlands and Sweden, 10 weeks in Belgium Wallonia, Denmark, Italy and Norway, 7 weeks in Belgium Flanders, 6 weeks in Ireland, 4 weeks in Australia and Austria, 2 weeks in Spain and the UK, and 1 week in Finland.In Germany, "My Heart Will Go On" has sold over 2 million copies and was certified 4x platinum. It has also sold over a million copies in the United Kingdom (1,315,000) and France (1,200,000), and became 2x platinum and diamond single respectively. Other certifications include: 3x platinum in Belgium (150,000), 2x platinum in Australia (140,000), Netherlands (150,000), Norway (40,000), Sweden (40,000), Switzerland (100,000), platinum in Greece (40,000) and gold in Austria (25,000). "My Heart Will Go On" was released twice in Japan. The regular edition from January 1998 has sold 210,000 and was certified 2x platinum (200,000). The remixes edition from June 1998 has sold 115,000 and was certified separately gold (100,000) due the fact that maxi-singles are treated as an album. [info courtesy: wikipedia.org]


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Thursday, December 19, 2013
Cokie Berenyi, chairman of the board of Rein and Shine announces that Scott Patterson has rejoined the board of directors. Patterson, who was previously on the board for eight years and president for five of those years, will be responsible for board oversight of day to day operations, including lessons, fundraising and barn management.
As a part of the same announcement, Berenyi announced that Catherine Tallman will become program manager and assume day to day responsibility for barn and program operations. Tallman, a founding director, has been employed with Rein and Shine for the last four years as volunteer and program coordinator.
We are delighted that Scott has rejoined our team during this time of transition and expansion. He has been involved with Rein and Shine for many years as a parent, supporter and leader. He brings excellent management skills along with a dedicated commitment to the children and adults we serve. In the same vein, Catherine has done an amazing job with our volunteers and instructors. Their leadership will be extremely important as we collaborate further with Windwood Farms to better serve our clients, said Berenyi.
Debbie McKelvey, Windwood Farms executive director saw a need long ago for joint non-profit collaboration, Rein and Shine has a great deal to offer our campus and likewise our covered arena and extended paddocks offer them what their growing program needs. The non-profit environment is challenging at best right now and while our collaboration with Rein and Shine is in its infancy, I only see benefits for the both of us going forward.
According to Patterson, As the parent of a disabled child, I have witnessed first-hand the dramatic impact our programs can have on children and adults with physical, emotional, social and/or cognitive disabilities and have come to appreciate the difference we can make in the lives of our clients. Im excited to be back and looking forward to building our program as we take advantage of our expansion onto the part Winwood Farms campus.
Rein and Shine is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that has been providing therapeutic riding since 2001. Programs include therapeutic riding and horsemanship for children and adults who want to learn to ride and how to appreciate and understand horses. Earlier this year, Rein and Shine announced a partnership with Windwood Farms to manage and use their riding facilities for summer camps and additional lessons. Under that agreement, Rein and Shine will expand to use Windwood Farms riding facilities while managing their riding program and infrastructure. Both organizations are located in Awendaw.
For more information about Rein and Shine, visit: reinandshine.org.
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Chris Snee fought through a torn labrum in his hip for about four years before having surgery to repair it this offseason. But while that injury was painful, he was able to at least play. Now, Snee has a tear in the opposite hip, and while this one is just as painful, it also is far more constrictive to his abilities on the field.
Source: Giants' Chris Snee 'can't Move'
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audrias dumb ass way of spelling virgin even though i yell at her that it is not right.
audria: Hey did i tell you i lost my virgineaty to matt even though he has a small dick. well i fucked him twice he is so queer.
ayon kay Ho_Fo_$ho ika-05 ng Agosto, 2006
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