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21 August 2006
Cape Times Editorial
It is just so much better for the health of wildlife that species are able to roam more freely and for habitats to be managed in an integrated way.
So, from the conservation point of view alone, there is every reason to be pleased with the official opening last week of the Giriyondo border post between Kruger National Park and Mozambique's Limpopo Park.
Its purpose may be to serve as a crossing point for humans, but in a way it represents the most meaningful step yet towards the removal of the kilometres of high-security boundary fence that cut through the scenic landscape.
But there is evidently more to it all than environmental considerations. This is already evident from the high-brow treatment of the opening.
The honours were done by none other than the presidents themselves of the three countries involved, including Zimbabwe, whose Gonarezhou Park should one day, the return of sanity permitting, be joined with the other two parks to give practical effect to the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park.
It was President Thabo Mbeki who unveiled the broader vision. He spoke of the opening of the border post as the beginning of a new era of bringing down colonial fences that separated animals and people.
President Mbeki spoke of it as marking the beginning of a new era of collaboration, of opening the way to joint tourism, and of encouraging co-operation towards the socio-economic upliftment of the region.
We may well wonder then, what was Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe doing there?
But whatever it is, we do not think it should detract from the transfrontier-park development and the hope it inspires of co-operation in southern Africa.
It should forge ahead.
Cape Times - 21 August 2006
15 September 2016College trains anti-poaching dogs
A key factor that has added to the success in arrests of poachers in the area west of the Kruger National Park has been the use of trained dogs. The Southern African Wildlife College now has a canineread more
11 August 2016Livelihoods strategy for Great Limpopo on the map
In 2015, the joint management board of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP) and the larger Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area ( GLTFCA) initiated a process of developing an integratread more
5 August 2016New plane and boat for Limpopo National Park
Limpopo National Park is now using its new aeroplane, a Savannah S, as replacement of its Bantam, which served the park from 2005 until 2015. The Savannah was donated by the Rhino Protection Programmeread more
7 July 2016Limpopo National Park receives BIOFUND support
Limpopo National Park recently hosted a delegation from BIOFUND for an inaugural meeting, as the first recipient of funding support for critical operations. Beneficiaries will include local communitieread more
13 June 2016This is predator country
Gonarezhou National Park is turning into prime predator country, with lion, cheetah and spotted hyena populations reported to be doing well, while the wild dogs are flourishing.read more
5 May 2016Development of Zinave under way
The development of Zinave National Park as an integral component of Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA), the larger area surrounding the core transfrontier park, got under way in Januread more
15 April 2016Gonarezhou National Park meets threat head-on
Though Gonarezhou's elephant population is still doing well, management is tackling the potential threat of wildlife crime head-on. The budding ranger corps is increasing, and rising to the challengread more
1 April 2016Helping two iconic species live in harmony
Gonarezhou National Park management is stepping in to save one of the park's iconic species from another. As the elephant population in the park continues to grow, so does their impact on their surrread more
19 January 2016Strategy to improve lives beyond park boundaries takes shape
Sharing benefits of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park with those that live around it has been an important objective since its inception, and a strategy of how to attain this is taking shape.read more
22 December 2015Great Limpopo benefits spill over borders
After 13 years, initially focusing on the establishment of the core area, the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area is ready to extend the benefits to its neighbours.read more

subset: commoncrawl


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Death Cab for Cutie frontman Ben Gibbard, a Seattle resident and massive Mariners fan, posted a love note to Ichiro on Tuesday in the form of a song he recorded called "Ichiro's Theme."
Following the trade of Ichiro to the New York Yankees, Gibbard posted the song on SoundCloud with a note saying, "I wrote this a few years ago. Today seems like the best day to let you all hear it. Thank you, Ichiro."
Gibbard, who recently announced a solo album, "Former Lives," recently joined ESPN's Baseball Today to talk about how the Mariners have tested his fandom over the years and how he keeps up with baseball on the road.
Check out "Ichiro's Theme" here:


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Millcreek man gets work release, probation
A Millcreek Township man was sentenced Tuesday in Erie County Court to serve two years of intermediate punishment for detaining a man he mistakenly believed was an intruder.
John Frombach, 35, will start his sentence with two months in the Erie County Prison, with work release granted, followed by two months of house arrest with electronic monitoring, and then two months of intensive probation. He also must pay a $200 fine and perform 150 hours of community service, Judge Shad Connelly said.
The sentence came after Frombach pleaded guilty in September to simple assault in a plea agreement that dropped charges of kidnapping, unlawful restraint, terroristic threats, false imprisonment and harassment.
Frombach apologized. He told Connelly he should have reported his concerns to police when he saw the victim park a truck near his Rinderle Drive house early the morning of Nov. 11.
Police said Frombach ordered the man out of the truck at gunpoint and interrogated him for 90 minutes before the man, who had not committed any crime, escaped unharmed.
Motorcyclist injured in Peach Street crash
One person was taken to a hospital Tuesday evening after a motorcycle and car collided in the 6100 block of Peach Street in Millcreek Township, authorities said.
The crash occurred at about 7:45 p.m. near the Wegmans supermarket.
The injured motorcyclist was taken to UPMC Hamot, authorities said.
State House rejects school tax elimination
HARRISBURG -- A proposal to replace school property taxes in Pennsylvania with higher income and sales taxes was soundly rejected Tuesday in the state House of Representatives.
The Republican-controlled House shot down the measure 138-59.
-- from staff, wire reports


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This website has been set up to help planners and managers of rural road networks in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, to ask the many questions which should be asked in planning a program, to better appreciate why they should be posed, and provide access to the growing body of knowledge about rural transport systems now available on the Internet.
The need to build or improve as many rural roads as possible to the best technical standards went unquestioned by governments and donors until recently. Justification was often seen as a troublesome formality and evaluation models were valued more for their complicity in providing the answers people wanted rather than for their rigour. It was implicitly assumed that a pent-up demand was out there which would generate ever-growing numbers of larger vehicles or even that somehow development would spontaneously come into being once the road was built. But it usually did not. Now too many rural roads, built to high standards, are little used, dilapidated, or even closed, since no money was left to maintain them.
We must now look more closely at the conditions which determine the viability and sustainability of rural roads. Remember that they are not an end in themselves but rather a component of a rural transport system, one of many ways of making people more mobile and services more accessible Ignoring the links between roads, mobility and accessibility leads to yet more unused roads and wasted funds. Again, for a road to be sustainable, its maintenance must be undertaken by those who have the knowledge, funds and motivation to carry it out. Systematic training in managing and executing maintenance work allied to guarantees of regular and predictable funding are essential to success. Too often in the past one or the other were neglected.
Diffusion of this integrated approach has proved to be slow and erratic. Planning of rural roads is often still centred in public works departments who do not have the mandate or incentive to explore other than technical questions. The rural transport system of which roads are a component is rarely looked at in any detail, since facilitating the use of often rare motor vehicles is the main consideration. Non-motorised users are seen as marginal. As a result investments providing greater accessibility are often ignored. However, many countries in Asia and Africa are now adopting a more coherent institutional approach to rural road network planning.
The site pivots on six key questions for transport planners. These lead to short analyses of related topics linked to external sites for those who want more detail . Finally, since history does actually repeat itself, I have included excursions along historical byroads, although not always in the same tone of high seriousness. There are even videos, sometimes barely pertinent.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 22, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 11, 2003
|Priority date
|Jun 13, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Martin Schmidt, Jochen Koetke, Peter Schalt, Stefan Oelckers, Rolf-Rainer Grigat, Lars Eckert, Thomas Hoell
|Original Assignee
|Moeller-Wedel Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (7), Classifications (19), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a method for the optimization of identification of the current position in navigation, especially neuronavigation, in surgery with an operating microscope and at least one optoelectronic image receiver, which may also be connectable to the microscope, and a computer system according to the preamble of patent claim 1, and to a navigational instrument, especially for a method for the optimization of identification of the current position in navigation, especially neuronavigation.
Neuronavigation deals with the planning, but also with the performance of trajectories for surgical intervention at the human brain, the spine and the like. To this end, tomographies of the patient are made preoperatively, with markings provided on the patient's body which will likewise be detected by the tomography. Directly before the operation the three-dimensional location of said markers in space is determined by navigation, and a reference between the anatomy of the patient and the preoperatively recorded data records is thus produced. A corresponding process is called registration. Basically, a difference between optical navigation methods and magnetically working methods can be made. Both methods serve to determine the three-dimensional location and orientation of a special navigational pointer instrument in space, which serves to tap on relevant points. The location of the pointer tip in known optically working systems is not detected directly, but is determined with the aid of markers which, in most cases, are attached to the pointer in the form of balls. In the known systems reflectors for infrared light generated by special infrared light radiation sources are used as markers or marker substances. Two cameras located on a tie-bar then record the images and determine the location of the pointer in space.
According to methods based on magnetic fields the pointers comprise sensors which serve to detect the spatial location either from a generated magnetic alternating field or from a pulsed magnetic continuous field.
Optical systems have the disadvantage that there is the danger of the camera being covered by the operating staff. Magnetic systems fail to operate once objects made of soft iron are in the proximity thereof, which upset or distort the magnetic fields.
The basic object of the navigational systems available on the market resides in that—as was briefly outlined above—the position or the tip of an instrument, with which a detail in the field of operation is pointed to during the operation, is correlated with data from preoperative diagnostic methods, such as computerized tomography or magnetic resonance tomography. After such a correlation has taken place, for example, the position of a point in situs, to which the surgeon points with the aforementioned instrument during the operation, may be indicated to him in the images of the preoperative photographs in real-time. In this manner the surgeon obtains information with respect to the current position relative to a position of a structure recognizable in the CT- or MR-image, e.g. a tumor.
One possibility to represent this information to an operating surgeon is to register the position of the instrument tip in a previously selected CT- or MR-image as a point. For allowing the navigational system to fulfill this task, both the location and the orientation of the patient as well as those of the aforementioned surgical instrument must be known. As was explained, this information is, in current systems, detected for example by means of a pair of stereo cameras, which is located in the proximity of the operating table and detects the operating instrument.
Other known navigation systems moreover offer the possibility of overlapping images from preoperative diagnostic methods with the optical image of an operating microscope in the correct position, orientation and scale. In order to achieve this, the position and the orientation of the operating microscope as well as the currently selected magnification and plane of focus must additionally be detected. In the known navigational systems this detection of position and orientation of the operating microscope takes in most cases place by providing reflecting markings on the microscope which, just like the aforementioned markings on the pointer, are detected by said two cameras on the aforementioned tie-bar. Moreover, there is a known system according to which the relative position and orientation of the microscope is detected by means of angle of rotation transmitters in the microscope carrier system. The disadvantage in said last-mentioned systems resides in that the carrier systems used therefor required a reinforcement so as to ensure a sufficient exactness, which renders them disproportionately heavy and expensive. The overlapping itself may then, for example, be effected by reflecting the CT- or MR-image into the optical observation beam path of the microscope by means of a projector.
The navigational systems according to the prior art show some substantial disadvantages. This includes, inter alia, the fact that the markings on the surgical instrument or, respectively, on the pointer must at any time be visible to the pair of stereo cameras disposed on the camera arm. If the markings are covered, the functional capability is negatively influenced and errors in the data acquisition occur. According to experience the so-called position-identifying times of optical, but also of magnetic navigation systems are about ⅔. In addition, the large distance between the markings of the known optical instruments and the camera pair causes large measuring inaccuracies in the optical measurement, and relatively large-volume markings are required.
Another problem with current neurosurgical navigational systems resides in the motion of the brain tissue after the skullcap was opened and during the operation. This fact called brain shift results in that the geometry of the tissue during the operation no longer unlimitedly corresponds to the geometry of the tissue during the preoperative diagnostic method. This leads to errors, for example, in the aforementioned position indication of a pointer instrument relative to the tissue structures in a preoperative diagnostic MR- or CT-image. The error as described may be corrected, for example, by tracking the change of location of the tissue surface in the surroundings of the field of operation during the operation. To this end, the surgeon must, however, repeatedly tap on and mark several points on the aforementioned tissue surface with a marking instrument of the navigational system so as to make the data required for this correction available to the system. Given the stress, which in a neurosurgical operation is high enough anyhow, this constitutes a disadvantage, however.
By taking into account the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art, the aim of navigational systems to be newly provided therefore resides in allowing a three-dimensional measurement of the field of operation and a tracking of the trajectories of the tip of the operating instrument, and in achieving an increased position identification, especially in the case of optical navigation. In addition, the large, expensive and occlusion-susceptible camera tie-bars are to be avoided. The handling of the systems is to be made simple and easy to survey so as to preclude error sources right from the beginning.
According to the above it is, therefore, the object of the invention to provide a method for optimizing the identification of the current position in navigation, especially neuronavigation, in surgery, which is based on an operating microscope known per se and at least one optoelectronic image receiver directly or indirectly coupled to the observation beam path of the microscope.
Moreover, a partial object of the invention resides in creating a novel navigational instrument, especially for use in operations by means of an operational microscope.
The object of the invention is provided by a method for optimizing the identification of the current position in navigation according to the definition of patent claim 1 and, in view of the navigational instrument, by the combination of features according to patent claim 12 and, in view of the operating microscope, by the teaching of claims 18 et seq.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Accordingly, the basic idea of the invention is to improve the position-identifying time of a navigational system by including the images from or parallel to the observation channels of the operating microscope in the actual image analysis of said system and to achieve additional advantageous effects, especially under the aspect of improving the exactness of the positional determination.
The data obtained from the at least one image receiver, each of which lie in the microscope field-of-view of the operator, contain information about the location of the operating instrument or pointer as used, especially of the tip thereof, wherein the actual position of the instrument in the x- and y-direction as well as in the z-direction of a three-dimensional coordinate system is continuously or intermittently determined from the relevant location data. For the positional determination in the z-direction either a distance determination is carried out by means of a depth of focus evaluation, or a stereoscopic image analysis is performed. Instead of two cameras with a stereoscopic image analysis also a novel optoelectronic image receiver designated as PMD array (PMD: Photonic Mixer Device) may be used. The measuring method of these sensors is related to the "time of flight" distance measuring method, but achieves, by novel principles with a smaller amount of apparatus and substantially smaller construction sizes, a better measuring exactness and may additionally be designed as a sensor array, with the result that it becomes feasible for the representation of an area to be topographed on a PMD array to obtain a complete topography with one measurement only. Since, due to the topography of a pointer, the pointer and the suitably formed markings thereof are easy to separate before the background of the field of operation, such a PMD array may also be used for tracking said pointer. If a PMD sensor is used, the object field of the sensor must be illuminated with an appropriately modulated and preferably narrow-banded light source, and the background light as well as the unmodulated white light of the operating microscope must be discriminated by suited filters prior to impinging the PMD array.
The optoelectronic image receiver(s) may directly be coupled to the observation beam path, especially by means of a beam splitter, wherein it also possible, however, to provide at least one separate image receiver beam path not being dependent on the observation beam path, which is likewise directed to the microscope field-of-view of the operator.
According to an embodiment the location of the operating microscope in space is detected, and said operating microscope positional data are supplied to a computer system known per se so as to transform the instrument positional data into a higher ranking space coordinate system by including existing data on the current position of the patient and preoperatively obtained three-dimensional data from the interior of the patient.
According to one embodiment of the invention it is possible, beside the data acquisition for the intraoperative location and position determination of a navigational instrument by means of known optical and/or magnetic methods, to carry out a supplementary three-dimensional position detection by means of the data provided by the image receiver of the operating microscope.
When using said two independent redundant systems, the hereinafter mentioned advantageous possibilities arise. If one of the systems does not supply any valid measured values, for example due to the covering of the markings, the measured values of the respective other system may be used, thereby allowing an increase of the position-identifying time. In case of redundant valid measured values the exactness of the measurement may be increased, for example, by averaging. In case of redundant valid measured values also the uncertainty of the measured values, e.g. due to the difference of the redundant measured values, may be quantified, whereby, for the first time, a navigational system is created which is more or less capable of performing a self-control. Even though the latter is standard for the major part of medical apparatus being critical for the safety of patients, it has so far not been realized in known navigational systems.
For detecting the location of the operating microscope in space a module is provided as an alternative to the known methods, which is integrated in the microscope or at least is connected with the microscope in a fixed and positionally invariant manner, which may do without the use of the space-filling tie-bars with cameras used in known systems and to be positioned next to the operating table. This module allows the microscope to detect its relative position in space or relative to the patient "by itself". The components and measuring methods mentioned in claims 19 to 24 are thereby applied individually or in a combination thereof. For minimizing the size of the aforementioned module, required infrastructure (power supply mechanisms, computers etc.) may be integrated, for example, in the base of the carrier system.
If the microscope "itself" is able to determine its position in space or, respectively, relative to the patient, and if also the tracking of the pointer is realized without the stereo camera pair of the conventional navigational system, the stereo camera pair of the conventional navigational system may be dropped. In this case, space in the operating theatre is considerably saved. Moreover, the initiation is facilitated since fewer devices with fewer cables have to moved and operated before the operation starts and, furthermore, the danger of occlusions during the operation is eliminated or at least considerably reduced.
With respect to the problems involved by the so-called brain shifting it is provided according to the invention to arrange marking points at or on the tissue surface of the patient, the change of location of which detected by the image receivers and determined by the computer system is used to carry out a correction of preoperatively obtained data in relation to the current state.
As is known, a stereoscopic light microscope may either consist of two convergent monocular mono-objective microscopes, or may comprise two optical channels brought out of center behind a common front lens. Due to construction-specific advantages operating microscopes are nearly exclusively structured as so-called common main objective (CMO) microscopes. The modeling of a CMO-microscope in an optical view is, however, extremely difficult as the treatment of so-called skew light beams becomes necessary. This is based on the lateral displacement of both optical channels behind the aforementioned common front lens.
If a stereoscopic analysis for neuronavigation becomes necessary, the person skilled in the art will at first preclude the use of CMO-microscopes by taking into account the aforementioned problems.
According to the invention this prejudice was overcome by finding an exclusively analytic formulation of the microscope model, which eventually corresponds to two rectified pin diaphragm cameras where corresponding points in both views theoretically lie on the corresponding image parts. By this finding the additional image processing steps may strongly be facilitated and image processing techniques known per se may be used.
Therefore, in accordance with the invention, the data obtained by the image receiver provided for each channel are corrected in view of the distortion errors in the x- and y-direction and in view of the disparity errors in the z-direction. This correction depends of the respective adjustments of the microscope, i.e. zoom and focus.
For the error correction a calibration is at first performed wherein, as was mentioned above, the operating microscope is described as a two-pin diaphragm camera on the image side. The calibration is carried out for all zoom and focus stages. The obtained calibration data are stored so as to allow an online or offline error correction at a later time. Of course, it is possible to store microscope-specific error correction data in a look-up table, so that the actual correction process can be facilitated under a calculation-technical aspect and thereby shortened.
All physical quantities required-for calculating the nominal pin diaphragm camera parameters for a CMO-microscope are easily accessible and can typically be inferred from the manufacturer's data sheet. Initial values for an iterative calibration may be measured on the microscope in an easy manner. The required data concerning the image receivers, e.g. CCD sensors, are likewise available as manufacturer's data. The knowledge of internal lens data is not necessary. The CMO-microscope-adapted stereoscopic image processing is accomplished by a method in which the representation from both two-dimensional cameral planes is formulated into the three-dimensional space by polynominal approximations of a smallest possible degree. A required control point quantity acts as supporting point quantity for the polynomials and is chosen in the entire volume.
For the practical application of microscopes with a continuously variable zoom and/or focus it is proposed to calibrate the individual system parameters in several zoom and focus settings and, when setting intermediate values, to interpolate the corresponding system parameters from the calibrated supporting points. The current settings of zoom and focus are to be made available to the analyzing unit during the calibration procedure, but also during the measuring procedure, advantageously by the microscope via a data line.
In connection with the novel navigational instrument according to the invention, especially for use in a method using image information from the beam path of a neuronavigational operating microscope, markings, especially micromarkings, are provided in the proximity of the instrument tip, namely basically when used lying in the field of view of the microscope. A certain minimum interspace to the instrument tip is due to the necessity that the markings are not to be contaminated by blood or other body liquids and, in case of convex markings, the use of the pointer instrument must not be obstructed.
The markings may, for example, be formed as at least three coplanar colored balls lying in one plane, which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the instrument, but does not include the same. Other embodiments are constituted by colored or reflecting annular markings. If the microscope is to be operated over a particularly large zoom and focus range, it may happen that the markings no longer completely lie in the field of view of the microscope if the magnifications are particularly strong and the lengths of focus too short, or that the markings are too small if the magnifications are particularly weak and the lengths of focus are large. In this case it is useful to attach several sets of markings having different sizes, wherein the smallest set of markings points or is attached closest to the instrument tip.
The navigational instrument according to the invention is sterilizable and can well be recognized through the microscope. Its one end is formed as a marked tip and may be employed as pointer. In the case where the tip is not directly visible for operative reasons, it can be detected via the aforementioned markings and the other information relating to the shape of the instrument.
The inventively obtained increased position identification in the case of optical systems is achieved by that the image recording is directly effected by the microscope, whereby it is ensured that the navigational instrument is not covered by the fingers or another operating set. The risk of covering by operating staff, as takes place with conventional optical navigational systems, is here precluded from the very beginning. Due to the ability to measure relative distances of points in the coordinate system of the microscope a further possibility consists in differential navigation, i.e. distances from points to a reference point can be measured.
In contrast to navigational instruments on the market so far the markings according to the invention are positioned close to the tip. Since a navigation is effected through the microscope, moreover, far smaller markings may be used. This, again, makes it possible to fabricate the navigational instrument itself smaller and more inexpensively and, above all, to use the same more flexibly and more ergonomically.
An exemplary navigational instrument is formed as a bayonet-type round steel of substantially 4 mm, tapered over a range of substantially 30 mm at the tip. The bayonet-like shape or cranking is useful under the aspect that it can be excluded that the instrument is covered by fingers or the like for the area detected by the camera.
According to one embodiment, the aforementioned coplanar balls are used as markers, which have, for example, a diameter of about 1.5 mm. For rendering the segmentation of the balls against the background as simple as possible, the same are lacquered in different colors. In view of the specific properties of the situs, blue, green and violet and/or brilliant yellow are preferably used. The use of infrared-reflecting balls is likewise possible.
Since, according to the invention, the work may be performed with the light source provided on the microscope's side, the embodiment with colored markings can do without special ball coatings which reflect infrared radiation, for example, according to a distinct directional characteristic.
A further development of the invention resides in that the marker configuration is not placed upon and attached to the navigational instrument, but merely consists of overprints. In case of the required detection of the rotation of the navigational instrument about its own axis an angle coding extending in an azimuthal direction is, for example, conceivable.
The detection of the balls in the camera views is preferably accomplished by applying colored image processing methods. In dependence on the intensiveness of a possibly existing color cast, the same is directly compensated with the image recording by a white balance. To this end, a scaling of the intensities of the red and blue channel of each image receiver or each camera, respectively, takes place.
The feature extraction or pattern recognition, respectively, of the markings in the form of coplanar colored balls is effected by the fact that a ball-shaped object is imaged in a differentiated manner. If the central point of the ball does not lie on the vertical of the camera plane, the contour of the ball is projected as an ellipse. The form therefore allows conclusions to the position of the individual balls.
If the instrument tip is not directly visible in the camera images, the three-dimensional position of the pointer tip is determined from the three-dimensional positions of the ball centers.
Of course, the navigational instrument may also be formed of a common operation set in order to not unnecessarily interrupt the operation for navigational purposes.
For calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the tip position from the three-dimensional ball centers, the underlying geometry is calibrated. To this end, a local instrument coordinate system originating from a ball in the middle is defined, from which two axes extend through the other two balls and the third axis is orthogonal to the so spanned plane. In this affine coordinate system the location of the pointer tip has three definite coordinates, so that it may be reconstructed indirectly via the reconstruction of the axes of the local instrument coordinate system. The affine coordinates are independent of the intrinsic or extrinsic parameters of the camera arrangement and can be calibrated for a number of predefined tip and ball coordinates.
In the present specification, the terms position and location are substantially used as synonyms. It lies within the range of knowledge of the person skilled in the art that, for detecting the location of a three-dimensional body in space, six coordinates, e.g. emission point/center of gravity or the like are to be indicated in x-, y- and z-orientation and with the three so-called Eulerian angles. One exception is only constituted by the instrument tip, which only requires three coordinates as spatial point for defining the location.
The invention will hereinafter be explained in more detail by means of embodiments.
According to a first embodiment the field of operation lies inside the head of a patient, and an operating instrument is positioned with a corresponding marking in the field of view of the operating microscope.
The images of both observation channels are led via a beam splitter to two image receivers, e.g. CCD cameras. The camera images are then evaluated by a computer, and the position of the operating instrument is calculated in the coordinate system of the microscope from the stereoscopic image analysis and the device parameters, such as zoom and focus settings, which are additionally outputted by the microscope via a data connection.
At the same time, the location of the microscope and the patient is detected in the coordinate system of the stereo camera arm by a stereo camera pair with corresponding cameras, which is positioned in the proximity of the operating table, by means of stereoscopic image analysis and with the aid of the patient markings and the microscope markings. This allows the offsetting of the coordinate systems of the microscope and the patient and, for example, the position of the operating instrument may be indicated in coordinates of the patient.
Optionally, markings on the operating instrument may additionally be detected and evaluated by the camera pair, which results in a redundant measurement of the determination of the position of the operating instrument.
According to another embodiment, a generation of marking points, lines or a grating into the field of view of the microscope may be performed with visible light or with radiation in the near-infrared range. Said marking points, lines or gratings can then be recorded with a corresponding camera coupled to one of the observation channels. By evaluating the camera image, the location of the marking points can be detected in coordinates relative to the microscope.
Technically, the aforementioned teaching can be realized by that light is led via a diaphragm into the observation channel of the operating microscope and is imaged on one spot in the plane of focus of the microscope. This light spot is then detected by a camera, especially a CCD camera. With known coordinates in x- and y-direction of the diaphragm aperture in a Cartesian coordinate system perpendicular to the optical axis it then becomes possible, together with coordinates of the light spot on the camera chip, to work analogously to the common stereoscopic image analysis. Thus, the location of the spot, on which the light entering though the diaphragm is imaged, can be determined in coordinates of the microscope. As was mentioned above, light projection systems may be used instead of the illuminated diaphragm, each of which project a number of points, lines or gratings into the field of operation.
In case of a light grating, crossing points may be detected by the cameras. By means of the stereoscopic image analysis the coordinates of the crossing points of the light grating are then determinable on the surface of the field of operation in the coordinate system of the microscope. The information derived therefrom can then be represented as a three-dimensional perspective grating in the form of contour lines or the like on a display and may be used for the allocation of the location relative to preoperative recordings.
As part of quality assurance video recordings and photographs are, in most cases, made in today's operating theatres. Said video recordings and photographs do neither contain any quantitative three-dimensional information, nor can those generally be extracted from said video recordings and photographs.
If the recording of topographies of the field of operation during the operation is successful with an acceptable amount of work involved, the lack of the quantitative 3D-information of today's documentation would be inapplicable. Such topographies can be stored without problems and, within the framework of quality-assuring measures, for example, the actual resection profile can be compared with the findings from preoperative diagnostic data, such as the magnetic resonance tomography and the computerized tomography. Corresponding topographies may also be visualized to the doctor, for example, as relief diagrams, already during the operation. Thus, it becomes possible—in addition to postoperative quality assurance —to offer decision aids for optimizing the resection boundaries to the surgeon already during the operation.
In principle, a topography of the object field of the microscope can already be obtained with the above-described microscope comprising stereo cameras by means of common stereoscopic image analysis methods. Especially the correspondence analysis is, however, very time-consuming and susceptible to errors for natural, possibly weakly structured fields.
An improvement can be achieved by the following description of the methods and devices, inter alia, for the projection of light markings.
By means of light markings the corresponding points required for the stereoscopic image analysis can be determined fast, precisely and with an extremely low error rate.
One possible first embodiment makes use of stereo cameras permanently connected to the microscope and a projection system which need not necessarily be permanently connected to the microscope.
A second embodiment is based on the light projection device at the location of one of both stereo cameras, with the use of the optical channels/paths which were used in the first mentioned embodiment by exactly this camera. In this case the methods of stereoscopic image analysis can already be applied with one camera only, which is known by the term inverse camera.
According to another embodiment the topography is obtained directly from the data of a PMD array (PMD: Photonic Mixer Device) and an associated personal computer.
According to the first embodiment a generation of marking points, lines or gratings into the field of view of the microscope may be performed with visible light or with radiation in the near-infrared range.
The tissue in the field of view of the operating microscope can then be recorded together with the marking points, lines or gratings projected onto said tissue by two cameras which are, for example, coupled to the observation channels of the microscope. By evaluating the camera images with the stereoscopic image analysis the location of the marking points can be detected in coordinates relative to the microscope. The principal error source of the stereoscopic image analysis—the correspondence analysis—is thereby drastically facilitated and error-proof, since only the marked points of both camera images are included in the evaluation, in connection with which the uncertainty of the correspondence allocation is essentially smaller than with unmarked points.
For obtaining a topography of the marked points in coordinates of the patent—instead of in coordinates of the microscope—the relative location and orientation of the patient and the microscope must be detected, which may be accomplished in the explained manner.
The procedure according to the second embodiment is largely analogous to the first embodiment. Instead of the two cameras coupled to the observation channel of the microscope, however, one of the cameras is replaced by a diaphragm. The same lens system, which had previously imaged the object field onto said camera, is now used to image the diaphragm onto the object field. If a diaphragm structured with points, lines or gratings is used, and light is led through said diaphragm structures and the associated optical channel onto the object field, and if the correspondingly illuminated area is recorded with the remaining camera, the principle of the inverse camera is applicable, and the methods of stereoscopic image analysis are usable despite the use of one camera only. With respect to the error security here, too, the advantages of the first embodiments apply. If invisible light is used, visible light may additionally be admixed so as to make the supporting points of the topography visible already in the image of the ocular of the microscope.
In a third embodiment a PMD sensor array is used instead of the conventional cameras. For being able to use the same, modulated light must be used for illumination in addition to the visible light of the microscope. The PMD sensor is protected against a too intensive illumination by the white non-modulated light by suited optical filters. The topography of the field imaged on the PMD sensor array may be obtained with this new technology directly from the PMD chip with an associated computer having a suited interface.
The topographical data obtained in the above embodiments can then, for example, as three-dimensional perspective grating or in the form of contour lines or the like, be represented on a display. Moreover, said topographical data can be represented location-correlated with data from preoperative diagnostic data (nuclear resonance scanning data, computerized tomography data etc.).
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 9, 1993
|Oct 4, 1994
|Anis Aziz Y
|Scalpel and technique for using scalpel
|Aug 14, 1990
|Aug 13, 1996
|O'rourke; Daniel K.
|Computer oriented stereotactic microneurological surgery
|Oct 11, 1994
|May 20, 1997
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for augmentation of surgery
|Apr 13, 1995
|Aug 4, 1998
|Carl Zeiss Stiftung
|Stereotactic adapter and procedure for its use
|Jul 21, 1997
|Aug 11, 1998
|Roke Manor Research Ltd.
|Video-based systems for computer assisted surgery and localisation
|May 30, 1995
|Aug 18, 1998
|Procedure for the correlation of different coordinate systems in computer-supported, stereotactic surgery
|Sep 6, 1994
|Sep 15, 1998
|Deemed International, S.A.
|Optical designation device especially for microsurgical operations
|Feb 20, 1997
|Oct 26, 1999
|Radionics, Inc.
|Intraoperative recalibration apparatus for stereotactic navigators
|Jun 7, 1995
|Dec 21, 1999
|Cosman; Eric R.
|System and method for stereotactic registration of image scan data
|Apr 22, 1998
|Mar 14, 2000
|Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.
|Treating system utilizing an endoscope
|Sep 18, 2000
|Dec 9, 2003
|Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.
|Surgical microscopic system
|Apr 18, 2001
|Dec 27, 2001
|Keiji Shioda
|Operation microscope
|Apr 5, 2001
|Jan 3, 2002
|Stefan Vilsmeier
|Referencing or registering a patient or a patient body part in a medical navigation system by means of irradiation of light points
|Jun 17, 2002
|Oct 17, 2002
|Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.
|Surgical microscope
|Dec 17, 2003
|Dec 2, 2004
|Lipow Kenneth I.
|Surgical robot and robotic controller
|Jun 13, 2001
|Dec 16, 2004
|Kockro Ralf Alfons
|Guide system and a probe therefor
|Dec 13, 2000
|Jun 21, 2001
|Lb Medical Gmbh
|Method and device for instrument, bone segment, tissue and organ navigation
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 5, 2013
|The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System
|Apparatus and method for tracking movement of a target
|Sep 23, 2013
|Jul 7, 2015
|The Queen's Medical Center
|Motion tracking system for real time adaptive imaging and spectroscopy
|Apr 28, 2015
|Sep 22, 2015
|The Queen's Medical Center
|Motion tracking system for real time adaptive imaging and spectroscopy
|Mar 14, 2013
|Apr 5, 2016
|Kineticor, Inc.
|Systems, devices, and methods for tracking moving targets
|Mar 22, 2010
|Jul 19, 2016
|Brainlab Ag
|Controlling a surgical microscope
|Jul 28, 2011
|Macfarlane Duncan L
|Apparatus and method for tracking movement of a target
|Mar 22, 2010
|Dec 20, 2012
|Alexander Urban
|Controlling a surgical microscope
|U.S. Classification
|600/424, 600/425
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 19, 2005
Owner name: MOELLER-WEDEL GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHMIDT, MARTIN;KOETKE, JOCHEN;SCHALT, PETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017375/0302;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051118 TO 20051212
Owner name: MOELLER-WEDEL GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHMIDT, MARTIN;KOETKE, JOCHEN;SCHALT, PETER;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051118 TO 20051212;REEL/FRAME:017375/0302
|Sep 19, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
company profile website
This project received 32 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of Rp16745636 IDR.Get free quotes for a project like this
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- Forbes
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- Time
- Wall Street Journal
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text:
Stating the Case Against DRM to the FTC
Wednesday, EFF Staff Attorney Corynne McSherry will be testifying at the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) town hall meeting on digital rights management technologies, or DRM. After years of observing DRM's development, suing Sony for its destructive SecuROM DRM, defending free speech for researchers and bloggers, and speaking out against DRM's use, EFF's stance is quite clear: DRM is harmful to consumers, it undermines competition and innovation, and unnecessarily preempts users' fair uses of copyrighted content -- all while making no appreciable dent in "digital piracy." In fact, generally the only ones who are inconvenienced by DRM are legitimate customers.
The FTC's desire to understand more about the harms of DRM comes at a particularly important moment. On one hand, the practice of placing digital copy protections on music is receding, because it had no impact on music piracy and has severely hobbled the music industry's efforts to "compete with free" (of course, this was all detailed in the famous "Microsoft Darknet paper" back in 2002). On the other hand, DRM is emerging as the favored way to enforce "lock-in" and crack down on legitimate competition -- see, for example, the technologies used to prohibit you from taking your cell phone to a different wireless service carrier. There's a growing number of examples where incumbents use DRM technologies, backed by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and End-User License Agreements (EULAs), to hamper consumers' rights and stifle competition.
You can read our filing for the full comments we filed with the FTC. EFF recommends that the FTC engage in a breadth and depth of study that others generally cannot -- for example, by investigating DRM's effect on competition, examining in particular the activities of inter-industry consortia such as AACS and DVD-CCA. And ultimately, EFF hopes that the FTC publishes a best practices guide and issues a strong statement in support of consumers' rights. While those steps won't quite solve the harms caused by DRM, they will at least put a much-needed limit on the burdens imposed on consumers until greater reforms can be made.
Updated 3/25 10:20am PT: The hearing is underway! You can watch live streaming video on the FTC's website.
Updated 11:20am: You can also follow or join a discussion of the hearing on Twitter using the hash-tag #FTCDRM.
Updated 3/26 3pm: The hearing has ended. We'll be posting a summary of the highlights once the transcript becomes available.
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- Abortion Reporting
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text:
Broan 103123 Wood Hood Rough-In Kit
Store pickup
1 year parts and labor
Installation is Made Easy with the Broan Wood Hood Rough-In Kit Installation doesn't get any easier when you have the Broan Wood Hood Rough-In Kit . Discover the simplicity of installing an integrated range hood into your cabinet configuration. The rough-in kit works with vertical or horizontal ducting configurations. It's as straight forward as setting a little bit of time aside to put it together! Once you have it installed, your kitchen will have a seamless, put-together look friends will envy. The Broan Wood Hood Rough-In Kit is a required accessory for the Broan 34201 blower.
- The Broan Rough-In Kit is easy to install
- This is a necessary accessory for blower assembly on the Broan 34201
- It is designed to install with cabinet configurations
- Kit includes mounting hardware, electrical outlet box, power cord and installation instructions
- Add a seamless appearance to your kitchen
- Warranty: one-year limited
Specifications & Dimensions
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text:
Jeremy Katz wrote:
On Thu, 2007-04-19 at 11:42 +0200, Jindrich Novy wrote:On Thu, 2007-04-19 at 07:10 +0000, Fedora Extras repoclosure wrote:package: uqm - 0.6.2-1.fc7.i386 from fedora-extras-development-i386unresolved deps: libmikmod.so.2these packages need to be rebuilt because of the recent update of mikmod (increased libmikmod soname):Updating mikmod (and to a beta, not even a full release!) after the feature freeze seems like a bad idea. What's the compelling reason that we shouldn't revert this change?
I was wondering the exact same thing, next time can we please do things like this via rel-eng ?? and perhaps just revert this now?
Especially since from the list of affected packages: uqm xmms stratagus tecnoballz gweled ClanLib ClanLib06 fbg methane Quite a few are mine: ClanLib ClanLib06 fbg methane And I'm also quite involved in the maintainance of: stratagus tecnoballzInvolved as in, when there is a problem at the c-programming level I'm the one who gets to fix not. ( Nothing wrong with that BTW, everybody should do what he/she is good in ).
Also ClanLib and ClanLib06 are both as the name say libs, although I think that all packages using mikmod through clanlib are already in the above list, I'm far from sure and will need to verify this too.
In short, its way to late in the release cycle now to check that this upgrade doesn't break anything, so please revert it. Then we can do this early in the next cycle.
Regards, Hans p.s.Also I believe for some reason the list is incomplete, I'm pretty sure that audacious has a mikmod plugin too for example.


text:
Parent & Child for Ages 6-7
Parent & Child for Ages 6-7
Discover the origins of some family favorites by taking a tour at one of these organic cheese and chocolate factories.
Sneak some exercise into their lives with games that include a healthy dose of running.
by Megan Hess
The esteemed author is (secretly) known for a great deal besides her award-winning novels — like hot fudge, spaghetti sauce, and piano-...
J.K. Rowling rocked the world with Harry Potter. Parent & Child looks at the magical impact the author's work has had on a generation...
Child development expert and author Michelle Anthony, Ph.D., solves your trickiest kid problems.
Take our quick quiz to figure out how your child is doing nutrient-wise — and whether to consider a supplement.
There's more to beaches than sand castles. Take your kids on one of these free, guided nature beach walks on your next family vacation.
by Teri Cettina
Bookworms and struggling readers alike will enjoy this chance to share books with their buddies.
by Teri Cettina
Head outdoors and try one of these family-friendly workouts to boost brain power and have fun.
We've got calming strategies guaranteed to defuse (almost!) any tantrum at every age.
Make homemade bread — and bake in a science lesson.
Whether they're putting on a play in the living room or giving their very first recital, kids who perform gain skills that extend far...
We investigate why this reading disorder is so tough to spot — and treat.
Nurture a love of plants and botany with this simple plant experiment.


text:
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- Overview
- Transcript
- View Offline
In certain workflows, there are times when you have an editor or an author working remotely without access to the files on your server, fortunately Indesign and Incopy have a way of working with this situation. I'm beginning this video with Indesign opened on my computer. And I'm going to go to the File menu and I'm going to choose Open. And I'm going to navigate to my project files folder in the collaborating folder, and the collaborating_remote folder, and I'm going to open the flowers_1.indd file, and choose Open. And if I go to my Assignments panel, you'll notice that I have a couple of assignments that I have created for different uses. Now in addition, I've got one story that is in the Unassigned and Copy content folder, so I'm going to create a New Assignment, and I'm going to call this one Remote, that way I know what this is used for.
Now as far as the location for this file, I'm going to leave it set to the default location, it's going to put it in my Assignments folder, and its going to call it remote.icma for InCopy markup assignment. And I'll go ahead and click OK. Now there's my remote assignment, I'm going to move this story into the remote assignment folder. Once again it shows up as out-of-date, so I'll click on that, and I'll go to the panel menu. And I'm going to choose Update Selected Assignment, and I'll go ahead and close that.
Now, I want to be able to send this remotely to a user who is not able to access our network. So, with this assignment selected, I'm going to go to the panel menu and I'm going to choose Package for Incopy and email. What's going to happen is it's going to package that story, with the assignment and send it to whoever I specify in my email. So I can go ahead and type my user at my company.com., and essentially they're going to open this on their end. Now what I'm going to do to simulate this process, I'm going to hide InDesign here for a second.
I'll go ahead and hide InCopy, and what I'm going to do, is I'm going to go ahead and move this to my desktop, and this is the InCopy package that's created. So I can go ahead and close this now, I'm not going to save it. And at this point in time, if I return to InDesign, you're going to notice that in my Assignments panel, this icon is appearing letting me know that this assignment, as well as the story within it, is packaged and I can no longer access this content while the package is out. So I'm going to hide InDesign for now, because we're not going to really use it for awhile.
And then I have this Remote Package, so I'm going to double-click on this, and it's going to Open that file inside of InCopy. What I can do at this point, is I can make the edits that I want, notice I can still see the layout. I still have Galient story view. I'm going to go ahead and Zoom In on that area, and we're going to make a basic change. So I'm going to check out this story. Again the whole process works quite well, even though we're Remote, it still needs to check in and check out the story.
So, here we have a typo, I'm going to change that to flower garden, and we'll kind of go through this to see if there's any other areas. We'll change this to a hyphenated word, and here's an extra space, and we need a space after that. We're just making, you know, the text changes that I think need to be applied to this story. This should be an m-, dash, and there's an arrow too. So that looks pretty good. So when I'm done with the edit, here's how we continue, I'm going to check the story back in.
Then I'm going to select this Assignment, go to the panel menu, and I'm going to choose Return For Indesign and email. So I'm going to select that Option once again, it's going to put it in my email so I'm the remote user right now, and it's packaging it back up just like it did before. So at this point in time, I'm going to Hide and Incopy and I'm going to move this file to my Desktop as if I just received it via email. I'll just move this down here. I'm now going to double-click on this File, and now in Indesign it's saying hey you can't reverse this change.
Now if we pay attention up here when I click OK, it checks that back in. And if I Zoom In on this content, you can see that this is now out of date in my Assignment panel. So if I update the content, the new content comes in just as if we were working on the same server. So as you can see, even if your working with people who are remote and not local to your server, and can't access that server, it still possible for you to work efficiently and effectively using Indesign with those remote users.
- Understanding the role of InCopy
- The InCopy interface and workspaces
- Working with InCopy documents
- Creating InCopy stories
- Workflows between InCopy and InDesign
- Using Track Changes and notes
- Working faster with built-in tools
- Printing and exporting


text:
Robert Plant Joins Tour Lampedusa to Raise Awareness of Refugee Crisis"When I watch the news and see people from these places being displaced by hatred and ignorance, I know that these people are just like you and me."
Keith Richards, Robert Plant and Others Join 'We Are Not Afraid' Campaign"Irrational hatred is a cancer of humanity's own design, to succumb would mean the failure of our species."
Robert Plant's Nice Jazz Fest Date Canceled Due to Terror AttackFollowing the horrific attack in Nice, Frace on Thursday night, the Nice Jazz Festival, which was to have featured Robert Plant, has been canceled.
Lawyer Who Sued Led Zeppelin Suspended from PracticingAttorney Francis Malofiy was suspended for three months for violated misconduct during an unrelated copyright infringement suit,
Robert Plant Testifies in 'Stairway to Heaven' SuitPlant stated that he could not remember hearing Spirit's song, or meeting Spirit bassist Mark Andes, at the place and time in question.
Led Zeppelin Trial Might be Over Before It StartsThe inclusion of new video evidence could lead to a mistrial.
Robert Plant Goes to Court Instead of FestivalPlant was scheduled to rock London's Royal Festival Hall.
Jimmy Page and Robert Plant will Appear at 'Stairway to Heaven' TrialThe trial is scheduled to begin June 14, but the band's legal team says it can't guarantee the band members will arrive on that date.
Robert Plant at New York's Hammerstein Ballroom: What You Can Learn from a Tireless LegendThere are lessons to be absorbed here, people.
Robert Plant Announces Short September TourIt all kicks off Sept. 10 at Michigan's Meadowbrook Music Festival and goes until Sept. 23.
Robert Plant & Diplo May Be CollaboratingOver the weekend on Instagram, Diplo posted a selfie with the Led Zeppelin singer and the concise caption, "Collab coming soon," leaving a whole lot of questions.
Jack White, Robert Plant Finally Duet on 'The Lemon Song': WatchWhite and Plant did something that was probably inevitable: perform together.


text:
Dr. Babar Khan specializes in orthodontics, general dentistry in Vernon, Connecticut.
Dr. Babar Khan has been compared 151 times. Details of Dr. Khan's 10 years experience as an DDS, DMD and education at Boston University are available on your free dentist report.
Primary Location for Dr. Khan
281 Hartford Tpke
Suite 308
Vernon, CT 06066
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Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Babar Khan has been identified as specializing in Orthodontics and General Dentistry.
Accepted Insurance
Insurance plans and networks accepted by a dentist are not necessarily universal across all locations at which the doctor practices. This can be affected by many factors such as different group practices, hospital affiliations and working arrangements at those locations. Checking that the dentist you are visiting and the facility they are at are in-network providers for your insurance plan can save you money and headaches later from surprise medical bills.
Dr. Babar Khan accepts the following plans at 281 Hartford Tpke, Vernon, CT
- Delta Dental
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Dr. Babar Khan has been confirmed to have a license in Connecticut
Dr. Khan attended dental school at Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine and graduated in 2006 having 10 years experience.
While there is no proven correlation between the quality of one's educational institution and the quality of one's professional competence, it is often an indicator. Medical schools have various levels of selectivity (some are harder to get into than others), and both the quality of their clinical training and level of research are measured. Additional medical training in both residency and fellowships and the facilities they are conducted at also provide a history of the doctors' level of training and experience.
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text:
Join the Center for the Future of Museums on Jan. 27, 2010 at 2 pm EST for a webcast of "Towards a New Mainstream?," a lecture by L.A. Times columnist Gregory Rodriguez.
The webcast includes an overview of U.S. demographic trends in the coming decades, a live Q&A session with Rodriguez, a panel discussion and moderated chat rooms.
Registration is free but required. Visit http://www.futureofmuseums.org for more details.


text:
Warm Layered Bean Dip
Total Time
Prep 20 mins
Cook 7 mins
The first time we ate this dip we went thru the chips like wildfire. Is a meal in itself. The bean, meat, cheese and salsa layers can be put together hours prior to cooking. Enjoy!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 (19 ounce) can refried beans
- 2 teaspoons chopped garlic
- 2 green onions, finely chopped
- 1⁄3 cup salsa (mix with beans)
- 1 lb cooked ground beef
- chili powder
- 2 -3 tablespoons salsa (mix with meat)
- 2 cups shredded cheddar cheese
- 1 cup salsa (as a layer itself)
- 2 avocados, pitted and peeled
- 1⁄4 cup chopped cilantro
- 3 tablespoons finely chopped red onions
- 2 tablespoons lime juice
- 1⁄2 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup sour cream
- tortilla chips
- In a bowl, mix beans, garlic, gr onions and salsa. Spread on bottom of greased casserole dish or serving dish.
- Season cooked hamb meat with chili powder and salsa to taste. Layer on top of beans.
- Sprinkle cheese next as a layer then hot sauce layer.
- Microwave until piping hot, making sure to cook evenly.
- Meanwhile, in a bowl mash avocadoes til chunky. Stir in cilantro, red onion, lime juice and salt.
- Spoon avocado mixture over hot dip mixture and spread sour cream on top. Sprinkle w/remaining green onions. Serve w/chips and hot sauce, if any left.
Most Helpful
I followed directions and ended up with a snowy white top, but was tempted to put the very colorful red onion guacamole on top for color. This is a great, savory bean dip that would be welcome in front of any television sports event and also made a nice midweek supper for us.
Quick flavoful bean and meat dip! I will try this with black beans next time. My kids devoured this in no time, and I liked how the flavors blended together! I made for Spring PAC 2010 and this would be good for a potluck or sports party!


text:
Drury beat West Texas A & M at its own game for the championship of the South Padre Island Shootout women's basketball tournament Saturday.
The No. 6-ranked Lady Panthers of Springfield, Mo., converted 22 WT turnovers into 32 points as they notched a 79-72 win at the South Padre Island Convention Centre. It was Drury's seventh consecutive win and snapped a six-game Lady Buffs win streak.
''We just turned the ball over too much,'' WT head coach Krista Gerlich said. ''We didn't handle their pressure as well as I thought we might.
''The thing that hurt us most was the fact Drury scored too many easy baskets off our turnovers. We didn't make them work hard for a lot of their points because they got a handful of layups against us.''
In a game that saw 19 lead changes, Drury's Sara Bos nailed two 3-pointers in the final 2:20 to gave her team a 74-66 lead.
The Lady Buffs (6-3) closed within four points twice afterward, but the Lady Panthers scored the final three points in the last 19 seconds.
''This was a playoff-type game between two good teams,'' Gerlich said. ''It's the kind of matchup you might see in mid-March during a postseason tournament. We had our chances. We just need to execute better.''
Bos led the Lady Panthers with 15 points, including four treys. Melanie Oliver and Becky Flippin added 14 points each, and Molly Carter had 12 as four players were in double figures.
Emily Brister scored a game-high 24 points to lead WT; she pulled down a career-high 14 rebounds. Courtney Lee was the only other player in double figures for WT with 16 points.
The Lady Panthers (9-1) shot 52.8 percent from the field on 28-of-53, including 7-of-17 treys. They were 16-of-22 from the free-throw line.
The Lady Buffs shot 49 percent from the field on 27-of-55, including 5-of-18 from behind the arc. They were 13-of-15 from the line and held a 35-23 rebound advantage.
But despite outrebounding the Lady Panthers, WT took only two more shots from the field because of the turnovers.
The Lady Buffs return home to meet Southeastern Oklahoma State at 6 p.m. Thursday at the First United Bank Center.
** WT's Record Threatened: Jasmine McCall scored 23 points in a 132-13 victory by Wayne, Mich., against Temple Baptist on Saturday at Detroit.
The 119-point margin of victory was three points shy of the NCAA Division II record. West Texas A & M defeated National Christian, 155-33, on Nov. 29, 2001.
The Runnin' Rams dressed five players and committed 54 turnovers resulting in 92 points for Wayne, which scored the first 38 points and led 76-8 at halftime.
- The Associated Press
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text:
Nacho Has Concerns With Marquez as Next Bout Looms
By Salvador Rodriguez
The last week of training is coming to a close, but veteran trainer Nacho Beristáin is worried with the lack of precision and speed from Juan Manuel Marquez (53-6-1, 39KOs). Nacho says Marquez is usually much sharper and quicker with his punches. Marquez faces Sergey Fedchenko (30-1, 13KOs) on April 14th at the new Arena Mexico in Mexico City - for the vacant interim-WBO junior welterweight title.
"[Juan Manuel] has me a little worried because I am used to seeing him be more precise, and a little faster. The people [in the gym] believe Juan is fast, but it's because he puts his combinations together so well, and that's why they come out so fast. I have already seen that he's a little off with his balance, but he told me it's because he's throwing punches with a lot more force. We need to recover his fight rhythm, so he can be more relaxed," Nacho said.
"I believe the fight will be complicated at first, because Mexican boxers are not used to [facing] a European fighting style, but I trust entirely that Juan is going to solve [the puzzle]. I do not like giving predictions. God willing we are going to win, and the only thing that I want is for the people to get what they deserve - a good fight."
Salvador Rodriguez covers boxing for The Record and BoxingScene.com.
fedchenko is no better than likar ramos, nacho just want to impress the fans by saying that his ward is a bit off balance but will dispose of fedchenko easily... the fight will be over in five...Comment by El Angel on 04-09-2012
JMM got this. Bring on Rios in July, Pacquiao in November :boxing:Comment by Optimistic on 04-09-2012
Juan'll be fine, and he'll most likely win this by TKO.Comment by PacmanP4PLegend on 04-09-2012
[QUOTE=Camp Beast;11984841]I've yet to see these other types of fans you speak of. There is something unsettling about how infatuated and obsessive these fanboys are over Pacquiao. It's beyond annoying. There's a difference between being a fan of a boxer…Comment by NearHypnos on 04-08-2012
[QUOTE=ny123;11982859]Wasnt there just a report recently on how great Marquez was looking in sparring?[/QUOTE] I think that might be the point Nacho was trying to make. That people think he looks fine (and fast) but that he's noticing a slight…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (33)


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To be the best you need to have the best on your team, and the Lewiston Fire Department knows this.
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It's been two years since a hiring list has been made. Interim Chief Travis Myklebust is expected to publish the new list later Tuesday night.


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Posted on 01/10/2002 9:53:22 AM PST by marshmallow
click here to read article
Same aim as Islam.
Shhhh! Don't say that! The Holocaust industry is going to be very disappointed to hear this.
Not to mention the World Council of Churches...
Some atheists and others are going to be very disappointed.
From what I've read from several books about the Third Reich, the Nazis were strongly already heading away from Christianity anyway, especially with Adolf Hitler's strong obsession with the occult.
Why do you think there was considerable interest during the Nazi era to bring back the old Norse gods? Small wonder why Richard Wagner's Ring cycle of operas was so prominently publicized--and why Wagner's descendants are still trying to live it down.
When Bismark decided to modernize Germany into a great power in 1870, one of his first actions was to attack the Catholic Church, which he saw as an incurable impediment to his plans. He put the Lutheran Church on the back burner, to be dealt with later.
With Hitler it was basically the same. Catholicism had to be destroyed. Maybe half the German Lutherans would have to be destroyed as well, but the other half might be coopted and twisted to his purposes.
Naziism was esentially pagan. Like most modern movements which are obsessed with power and control, it wanted to rule over nature and human nature through magic and science. It refused what Christianity advocates: to submit to God and take one's proper place within the nature that God created.
In fact, the Patriarch and hundreds of Serbian Orthodox Clergy were in concentration camps....many other clergy members including Nuns and Monks , were tortured, multilated and murdered.
It's a good thing we got rid of them. Such a thing never happened before and surely couldn't happen again!... could it?
That the press throughout the country would begin a propaganda campaign simultaneously was nothing unusual. Newspapers and other organs got directives from Goebbels's Ministry of Propaganda more or less every day. A lot of those directives have survived. I wonder if the directives for the anti-Christian campaign survive.
Interesting, however, that the Nazi Party organs should have taken up the same campaigns at the same time as the press. That suggests to me that this was all done on Hitler's orders. I wonder if anything survives indicating that he gave such orders.
By the way, the article doesn't make it clear whether these documents were already published in the voluminous documentary publications of the Nuremberg Trials, or whether they are only published now. Anybody know?
Old news yes, but not very well known or publicized. You can scan entire textbooks and not find it, spend semesters listening to history lectures in colleges, watch hours of History/Discovery/Learning and never hear it. On the internet, even an offhand mention that Nazis were anti-Christian will get you thousands of bytes of prepared text dumps attempting to prove the Nazis were Christian offshoots.
All the same trip.
(The Reich was ahead of its time in many respects ... where the "spirit of" Vatican II is concerned.)
I read an account of a mother in Germany in the thirties who was very concerned because all the children seemed to be drifting away from their parents. They didn't listen to their parents anymore. Their sons were getting mouthy with their fathers. Their daughters were getting pregnant out of wedlock. The schools seemed to be teaching things that were tearing the family apart. Hitler had control of the schools. Much like the NEA today. Is it any wonder that Bill and Hillary thought so highly of Hitler's tactics that they personally gave copies of 'Mein Kamphf' to staff members?
What would the world do if they couldn't draw the same old line between Christianity and Nazism or Facism in general?
And, as encouraged by the UN. By the looks of today's touchy-feely, emotional needs and self-esteem oriented ministries, as well as the variety show/theatre style services, the plan to destroy christianity is on the march, under a different banner. The Willow Creek/Saddleback heresies are leading the way on the evangelical side; built on Robert Schuller's concept "SELF ESTEEM: The new Reformation", his 1982 book, which declared, "Classical theology has erred in its insistence that theology be 'God-centered,' not 'man-centered'." (p64) (God centered christianity is in error!!?) Nothing but humanism masquerading as christianity. But Carl Rogers masquerading as Jesus doesn't make him the Christ.
There is quite a lot of material around dealing with the belief system(s) of the Nazis. Some of it is rather odd. Take this one, for example, from a chapter titled: Genocide - an Act of Black Magic, in a book by Nigel Pennick:
...yet Himmler gave his genocide programme priority even over the survival of Germany itself. Genocide was the magical act whereby the history of the world would forever be transformed, even if Germany did not survive. The elimination of the Jews, and with them their culture and religion, would leave a vacuum for the ascendance of the demonic powers controlled by or controlling the Third Reich. Himmler felt himself a participant in a psychic armageddon. Fortunately he was on the losing side.
I won't vouch for Mr. Pennick's correctness or anything, but that is one of the views out there. And Hitler was, if anything, even more squirrely than Himmler. For more on the Nazi's plan to take over the church, go look at Alfred Rosenberg/Hitler.
You beat me to it. The biggest threat to Christianity today is from people pretending to be Christians.
Wild Bill Donovan was a great American, by the way. Is his archive on-line and does anybody have a link?
The Nazis aim was not the extirpation of religion per se, but the destruction of both Judaism and Christianity, and their replacement by a new state cult.
That new religion combined elements of neo-paganism and occultism with the idolatrous worship of "German-ness" in general and the person of Adolf Hitler in particular.
Both, JFK and Hitler were 'Patsies'.
Christians, through principal, making decision not to use governemnt power to impact religious expression (Founding fathers)
Two irreconciliable philosophies - so why do the Repubs try to appease the demorats? Why don't people see a spirit of antichrist when it is spitting in the face? What people call "the jude-christian" ethos is the enemy of all democrats, communists, muslims, socialists, atheists, etc etc - Every group on the inside of the "tolerance" movement is AGAINST and INTOLERANT of the "judeo-christian" ethos. Why don't people smell the spirit of anti-christ in the tolerance movement? Yes they are anti-american - but only the juedo-christian part - Dr Laura did a great piece yesterday on how the tolerance crowd is not really for tolerance but against america - the truth is they are anti - judeo/christian - ie ANTICHRIST
>I expected a response like that from you.
Well, when you lie, you should expect to be called out on it.
>What do you expect from a man who spends virtually all his time attacking Christians,
And when have I attacked Christians? Are you one of those simple minded apes who considers criticism to be an attack?
>and in this thread linking them to Nazi's?
Most Nazi's were Christians. Deal with it. "Gott Mit Uns"
30 posted on 1/8/02 8:55 AM Pacific by lexcorp
What's your source for this allegation? You mean most Nazi party members were also professing Christians? I don't think so.
Also, "Gott mit uns" (="God [is] with us"), was a motto of the German Empire during WW I. It wasn't used by the Nazis. Get a clue.
"First the Saturday people. Then the Sunday people..."
Well, it was, in a manner of speaking. It was on German Army belt buckles and other accoutrements, but it had been there for a long time before the Nazis and the Nazis just never changed it. Proves nothing about the Nazis one way or another.
I read THE RISE AND FALL OF THE THIRD REICH by Shirer (sp?) over 20 years ago now and I seem to remember this was also documented in there. Basically, the NAZIs wanted to subvert EVEN Christianity to THEIR purposes.
Hitler was not -- so it is reported -- an "Odinist", and had little patience with the neo-pagans, probably regarding them on the same level as the people who dress up as Klingons at sci-fi conventions.
The major obstacle to the Nazi agenda was, in my opinion, the German people themselves. Had Hitler and Goebbels explicitly stated their anti-Christian agenda, the Nazi party would have been unable to co-opt the "genuine" rightists into the anti-Bolshevic alliance of the Weimar period. The fact that the ruling circle of the NSDAP had to keep their real feelings under wraps (with plans to "settle scores" after the war), has led enemies of Christianity (such as W. Clinton and some on this forum) to conflate the NSDAP and the Church. These people mistakenly take the Nazis' advertising campaign, aimed at traditionally-minded Germans, at face falue. They ignore the actual "product" that was delivered, which includes the persecution of Christian groups and ministers. That is as bogus as conflating the platform of the Democrat Party with the Constitution.
It interested me the way the poster you quoted conflated not simply Nazism and Christianity, but WW I Germany and Nazi Germany. The irony is, Germany during WW I had a relatively good reputation regarding its treatment of its Jewish citizens, contrasted with France with its recent "Dreyfus affair," and Russia with its anti-Jewish pogroms. In fact, German forces on the Eastern Front in WW I often had to take care of Jewish refugees who had fled from Russian held territory, often the result of persecution from Russians who suspected them of sympathy for Germany. The man in charge of homefront logistics for the German war effort in WW I, Walther Rathenau, was also Jewish.
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