text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 1987
|Filing date
|Feb 11, 1985
|Priority date
|Feb 11, 1985
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ronald M. Rudish, Scott F. Hall
|Original Assignee
|Eaton Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (34), Classifications (14), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to electronically scanned receiving antenna systems which scan at rates faster than the information rate of the signals being processed and, more particularly, to improvements in the signal combining subsystem of such systems to simultaneously achieve high values of directive gain and separation of multiple signals based on frequency, time-of-arrival and direction-of-arrival.
In the future, it is expected that the increased deployment of radars, in general, and of high PRF pulse doppler radars, in particular, will lead to a microwave signal environment which is dense in the time domain as well as in the frequency and spatial domains. The signal environment might be further complicated if there is increased use of emitters which pseudo-randomly frequency hop and/or pseudo-randomly stagger PRF's. This will make it increasingly desirable to sort emissions by direction-of-arrival (DOA), preferably on an individual pulse basis to maintain 100 percent probability of intercept. It will also be desirable to be able to separate individual pulse signals in at least two or three dimensions, such as DOA, frequency and time, simultaneously. This would make it possible to make unambiguous measurements of the frequencies of multiple signals which overlap in time and are within the same DOA resolution cell. It would likewise enable more accurate estimates of DOA for multiple signals which overlap in time and are within the same frequency resolution cell.
There will also be applications (ELINT, for example) in which the crowded signal environment is less likely to be a problem than the trend toward less detectable emissions (more highly suppressed sidelobes, spread spectrum coding, etc.). In these applications, it would be desirable to obtain increased sensitivity via antenna directivity, but without giving up 100 percent probability of detection.
Conceptually, existing technology provides a prior art means by which multi-dimensional signal separation and directional gain could be accomplished while maintaining 100 percent probability of intercept. A multiple beam antenna, such as a linear array and Butler matrix combination, could be connected to multiple sophisticated receivers, one for each output (beamport) of the Butler matrix. The receivers would have to be of the channelized or of the compressive type if frequency resolution and 100 percent probability of intercept are to be obtained.
One such prior art system is illustrated in FIG. 1 which contains a block diagram of an antenna and receiver combination. The component elements shown in FIG. 1 comprise a linear array of N antenna elements 101, N equal length transmission lines 103 which connect the antenna elements 101 to the N inputs 107 of an N by N Butler matrix 102, N transmission lines 104 which connect the N outputs 108 of Butler matrix 102 to N channelized receivers 105, each receiver having K outputs 106, one for each frequency channel.
For a meaningful degree of DOA separation in situations where there are many time overlaps, at least eight (and perhaps as many as sixteen) beams and receiver/encoders would be required. Each receiver would have at least K narrow-band frequency filters if each receiver is channelized into K contiguous frequency bands with all bands simultaneously available for signal reception and without use of sub-band summing (so that maximum available sensitivity is achieved). Thus, an N beam system would require K N filters. For example, a system having 16 beams and covering 500 MHz bandwidth with 50 channels, each 10 MHz wide, would require 800 filters. Usually, this large amount of sophisticated hardware is impractical to implement. Furthermore, practical considerations such as filter size (considering the large number required) limit the filter Q obtainable in practice and this in turn limits the operating frequency of the filters to only a few hundred times their bandwidth. That in turn limits the overall frequency bandwidth that can be simultaneously covered by a single system. For example, to achieve filter bandwidths as narrow as 10 MHz; the operating frequency of the filters cannot be much greater than several hundred MHz, so that the overall simultaneous frequency coverage bandwidth also must be limited to several hundred MHz.
It is the purpose of the present invention to overcome these practical limitations of such prior art solutions by presenting a hardware efficient method of obtaining high-gain multidimensional signal separation, while maintaining 100 percent probability of intercept.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an array antenna system capable of scanning through its complete coverage sector within the time period of the shortest pulse expected to be received, thereby maintaining the same high probability of intercepting such a signal as can be achieved with a single wide-beamwidth element of the array.
It is another object of the present invention to achieve the gain available from an N element array by recovering the signal loss which occurs in the arrays of other systems due to sampling the signal during only a portion of its time of presence.
Another object of the invention is to provide multidimensional resolution of multiple incident signals, sorting them by their time-of-arrival, direction-of-arrival and frequency.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide the ability to determine the frequencies of multiple incident signals and the ability to determine their direction-of-arrival commensurate with the narrow beamwidth achievable with a full N element array.
Another object of the present invention is to gain the advantages of the above objects using fewer components than are required for multiple beam antenna systems that require separate complete receivers for each beam.
Another object of the present invention is to enable wide frequency bandwidth operation by providing the ability to simultaneously cover N times the frequency bandwidth than can be covered by prior art multiple beam antenna systems with separate channelized receivers for each beam, such as the prior art system of FIG. 1.
In general, an apparatus for adding the capability to separate multiple signals and for eliminating the sampling loss of signal energy in systems having a coverage sector through which the antenna system scans multiple beams at a rate that is faster than the information rate being received, comprises: (a) a linear phased array antenna comprising a row formed of a plurality of antenna elements, one of said antenna elements at one end of the row being designated the first element, while the remaining elements are designated by succeeding numbers in arithmetic progression across the row of antenna elements, and the antenna elements being considered as being positioned in the azimuth plane for reference purposes; (b) means for forming a plurality of beams of sensitivity coupled to said antenna elements, said plurality of beams of sensitivity being equal in number to the number of antenna elements in said row, the beams being contiguous and considered as lying in the azimuth plane for reference purposes, with each beam being generally evenly spaced from the adjacent beams in sin θ space, where θ is the angle away from broadside in the azimuthal plane, the spacing between beam center directions in sin θ space being generally proportional to the reciprocal of the number of antenna elements, and the beams, taken together to form a larger composite beam, span the entire azimuth coverage sector; (c) means coupled to said antenna elements for synchronously scanning each of the beams over the entire coverage sector, the beams maintaining their relative positions adjacent one another in sin θ space during scanning, the scanning being carried out periodically at a rate that is at least twice as fast as the highest information rate being received; (d) means coupled to said antenna elements for accepting signals received by each beam and differentially delaying said signals to cause their modulation envelopes to respond in unison to a single emitting source at a particular azimuth angle within the sector coverage of the antenna system; (e) means for coherently combining said signals after said signals have been differentially delayed, said means for combining being arranged to cause coherent addition selectively at different output ports of said combiner for different signal frequencies; and (f) means for separating multiple signals at a single output port of said combiner when said signals have frequencies corresponding to grating lobe response.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art multiple beam array antenna and multiple channelized receivers which provides multidimensional resolution of signals and high directional gain;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a phased array antenna and receiver front-end, illustrating the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the envelope magnitude |Em | of an output voltage of the first Butler matrix in the present invention, plotted against the composite variable Xm for N=4;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the envelope magnitude |Em | for an output voltage of the first Butler matrix in the present invention, plotted against the constituent variable φ for N=4;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the envelope magnitude |Em | for each of the output voltages of the first Butler matrix in the present invention, plotted against the constituent variable -ω1 t for N=4;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the time and incidence-angle-dependent factor of the envelope magnitude |El |, of an output voltage of the second Butler matrix in the present invention plotted against the composite variable X for N=4;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the intermediate-frequency dependent factor of the envelope magnitude |El |, for an output voltage of the second Butler matrix in the present invention plotted against the composite variable Yl for N=4;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the intermediate-frequency dependent factor of the envelope magnitude |El | for each of the output voltages of the second Butler matrix in the present invention plotted against the composite variable Yl for N=4; and
FIG. 9 is a three dimensional graph of the double modulation envelope factor magnitude |El |, of an output voltage of the second Butler matrix in the present invention plotted against both normalized frequency (Y-Axis) and time-encoded direction-of-arrival (X-Axis) for the case where N=4.
The present invention overcomes the practical limitations of prior art multiple beam antenna systems that require separate receivers and provides all of the advantages of the aforementioned objectives simultaneously with a single configuration.
The antenna/receiver system of the present invention creates a set of contiguous beams of sensitivity which are scanned through a designated coverage sector within the time period of the shortest emitter pulse. Such rapid scan is obtained by heterodyne techniques; it results in a predictably compressed pulse (as in the case of a compressive receiver) whose time of occurrence is directly related to the emitter azimuth location.
The present invention avoids sampling loss by using different beams to sample the incident signal continuously during its entire time of presence. As a result, the present invention can yield a sensitivity improvement of N times (where N is the number of array elements) relative to that of the prior implementations which involved the scanning of a single beam. In these prior implementations an incident pulse is sampled by the system for only a fraction of its width as the single beam sweeps by its incidence direction; this limits system sensitivity since only a fraction of the available pulse energy is delivered to the antenna/receiver output.
The manner of beam combination utilized in the present invention results naturally in a narrow bandwidth channelization of signals in accordance with their frequency, in effect, doing the finegrain filtering required in a high-resolution channelized receiver without requiring the use of narrow-band filters.
To clearly illustrate various novel aspects of the current invention, a specific example is taken in which an N element linear array incorporating the invention is exposed to a signal wavefront incident from a direction θ with respect to the array normal. This embodiment of the invention and the incident wavefront are shown in FIG. 2 which contains a block diagram of an antenna and receiver front end. The component elements shown in FIG. 2 comprise a linear array of N antenna elements 201, an end antenna element 202 and a nth element 203, N equal-length transmission lines 204 which connect elements 201 to N heterodyne mixers 205, an nth mixer 206, N equal length transmission lines 208 which connect mixers 205 to a comb local oscillator 209, N equal length transmission lines 210 which connect the mixers 205 to first Butler matrix 215, N equal length transmission lines 216 which connect first Butler matrix 215 to a set of N delay lines 219 of progressively differing length, N equal length transmission lines 220 which connect the delay lines 219 to a second Butler matrix 211, and N equal length transmission lines 221 which connect the second Butler matrix 211 with N coarse channelization filters 217, each channelization filter having K output ports 214. Amplifiers could be inserted before and after the mixers in a practical implementation, but they have been omitted from FIG. 2 because their presence is not required for the purpose of explaining the approach.
A detailed description of how the components of FIG. 2 function to obtain high directive gain with angular and frequency resolution follows for the case where a single CW signal is incident.
As shown in FIG. 2, an obliquely incident wavefront 212 induces RF signals, in the antenna elements 201, the signal induced in the nth element 203 being expressed as en. These signals are progressively delayed by an amount φS, where φS is the phase difference between the signals received by adjacent elements. Numerically, ##EQU1## where λS is the wavelength of the incident signal, d is the interelement spacing and θ is the angle between the direction of incidence 207 and the array normal 213. Therefore en is given by:
en =Cos [ωS t+(n-n)φS ] (1)
where ωS =the radian frequency of the incident signal; n=(N+1)/2; and N=the total number of elements.
These signals are applied to the mixers 205. Also applied to the mixers are a set of coherently related local oscillator (LO) signals. These are generated by the comb local oscillator 209. Each LO signal differs in frequency by integer multiples of a constant frequency offset, wl. The LO signals are coherent in the sense that once every cycle of the offset frequency, all of the LO signals reach the peak of their positive half cycles simultaneously. Numerically, the nth LO frequency is given by:
ωLO =ωLO +(n-n)ω1
where ωLO is the average LO frequency. Because of the progressive frequency difference, the LO signals exhibit a time-varying phase advance, φLO =(n-n)ω1 t.
The IF signals produced by the mixers are progressively phased in accordance with the difference of RF and LO progressive phasing, as may be noted from the expression for the IF signal,
eIF=Cos [ωIF t-(n-n)(ω1 t-φS)]
ωIF =ωS -ωLO
Thus, the inputs to the first Butler matrix 215 are a set of equal amplitude IF signals having a phase progression that is linear with n and with time. In a practical system, amplitude tapering (weighting) might be applied to the signals prior to their entrance into the Butler matrix, for radiation pattern sidelobe control. However, this detail has been omitted from FIG. 2 because it is not required in order to explain the approach.
The Butler matrix divides the signal at its nth input in N equal parts, phase shifts each by an amount, φB and combines each with signals which originated from other ports to form the sum, em, at its mth output. The phase shift, φB, is dependent on both m and n and is given by: ##EQU2## Thus, the output voltage, em, is the summation: ##EQU3## where √N factor accounts for the N-way power division. It can be shown that the summation equates to the form: ##EQU4## where: ##EQU5##
It may be noted from these expressions that each Butler matrix output, em is the product of an envelope term, Em, and a carrier term. The envelope magnitude |Em | is plotted for N=4 in FIG. 3 as a function of Xm. The curve is a periodic function of Xm, having a mainlobe 301, sidelobes 302, 303, 304 and 305 and grating lobes 306 and 307 within the range plotted. The envelope term |Em | is again plotted in FIG. 4; in this case it is as a function of which is one of φS which is one of the constituents of Xm, and it is assumed that ω1 t, another constituent, is held at zero. Since φS is a function of θ, FIG. 4 shows the directional dependence |Em |. Four curves are plotted using different line codes, one for each of the four Butler matrix outputs. Only the mainlobes 401, 402, 403 and 404 and grating lobes 405, 406, 407, 408 and 409 are shown; the sidelobes have been suppressed for purposes of clarity. Taken together, the four curves form a continuous set which provides outputs for all values of φS (and thus all values of θ). These outputs correspond to a set of contiguous beams of sensitivity which together span the entire coverage sector.
The envelope term |Em | is once again plotted in FIG. 5; in this case it is plotted as a function of -ω1 t (the second constituent of Xm) and φS (the first constituent) is held constant at zero. Except for the relabeling of the abscissa (the φS axis 410 becomes the -ω1 t axis 510) the curves of FIG. 5 are identical with those of FIG. 4, which is not surprising since a given value of Xm can result from either a specific value of direction or a specific value of time. FIG. 5 shows that the lobes of the output envelope |Em | at each Butler port peaks at specific times which are staggered relative to the peaks at other ports. These lobes are, in effect, the responses of an N beam, N element array antenna whose beams are being scanned past the direction of an emitter in sequence, smoothly with time.
Each of the beams is only on target for 1/N of the scan period. Thus, each beam samples only 1/Nth the signal energy available at the radiators. However, all the beams, taken together, sample all the signal energy. To get all the energy at a single output requires that the multiple time-sequenced outputs of the Butler matrix be coherently summed. That in turn requires that both the carriers and envelopes of these outputs be brought into phase unison.
In the system shown in FIG. 2, the delay lines 219 are configured to progressively delay the envelopes by the amount Tm, where: ##EQU6## The delay operation causes all the envelopes to peak at the same time. However, this delay operation causes the phase of each carrier to be displaced by several cycles from that of the other carriers, the exact amount of displacement being a linear function of ωIF. Periodically, over the ωIF frequency band, the carrier phases will be an integral multiple of 2π radians apart and thus, effectively cophasal. For signals which produce these values of ωIF, the outputs of the delay lines may be coherently summed to obtain all the available signal energy. For other frequencies, the carriers will be in various states of partial or complete destructive interference and so if summed would combine to values less than the peak value. To coherently sum the delay line outputs for these other frequencies would require the addition of progressively increasing phase offsets to each of the signals prior to summing. Just such a task is performed by the second Butler matrix 211 of the system shown in FIG. 2. This Butler matrix is identical to the first one 215; indeed, Butler matrix 211 divides the signal at its mth input into N equal parts, phase shifts each by an amount φB (where φB =(l-n)(m-n)(2π/N), and combines each with signals which originated from other input ports to form the sum el at its lth output. Mathematically, the output voltage el is given by: ##EQU7## where: ##EQU8## The function el is the product of a carrier term and a doubly-modulated envelope term El. The first factor in the envelope term is similar to the one which modulates em and was the subject of discussion in connection with FIG. 3. The magnitude of this first (time/angle-of-arrival) envelope is plotted for the case of N=4 in FIG. 6 against the composite variable X which is linearly dependent on both ω1 t and φS, and is independent of the Butler matrix output port designator, l. The graph shows that the beam-scanning action manifest in the outputs of the first Butler matrix 215 is also manifest in the outputs of the second Butler matrix 211. Also shown is the periodic compressed pulse nature of the output signal, the time domain response being a replica of the dynamic antenna pattern. Indeed, the major pulses shown within the range of abscissa plotted in FIG. 6 are a mainlobe 602 and two grating lobes 601,603 of the antenna pattern. Also shown are four minor lobes 605, 606, 607 and 608 which constitute sidelobes of the antenna pattern. The width of a major pulse measured between points 3.9 dB down from peak response is 2π/N in terms of X which translates to a period of 2π/Nω1 in terms of time.
The second envelope has the same form, but is a function of frequency rather than time or incidence angle. The magnitude of this second (frequency) envelope is plotted for the case of N=4 in FIG. 7 against the composite variable Yl which is linearly dependent on ωIF. The frequency envelope is plotted for a 4π range of Yl centered about Yl =2πk when k is an arbitrarily chosen integer. The graph expresses the multiple bandpass filter action of the delay-and-add operations performed by the delay lines and the second Butler matrix. Shown within the range of abscissa plotted in FIG. 7 are three mainlobes 701, 702 and 703 of the frequency envelope function which constitute passbands and four sidelobes 704, 705, 706 and 707 of the envelope function which fill two reject bands. In a practical system where rejection band responses must be strongly suppressed; these sidelobes can be suppressed by amplitude tapering of the signals emerging from the first Butler matrix (the tapering operation to control frequency sidelobes is decoupled from the tapering operation to control time or angle-of-arrival sidelobes). The filtering is a result of phase cancellations rather than the frequency responses of the components (which are wideband). The width of each passband measured between nulls is 4π/N in terms of Yl which translates to 2ω1 in terms of ωIF. The width measured between points that are 3.9 dB down on the frequency envelope is 2π/N in terms of Yl which translates to ω1 in terms of ωIF. This bandwidth expresses the range that the average frequency of the IF signal might have if it is to be passed to a particular port of second Butler matrix 211 and, as such, specifies the range over which the incident RF signal frequency might vary for reception at that port. It should be distinguished from the instantaneous bandwidth of the IF signal at that port which is Nω1 (in the case of an incident signal that is CW or of bandwidth small compared to Nω1). The separation of the passbands is 2π in terms of Yl which translates to Nω1 in terms of ωIF.
An incident signal whose frequency is such that the signal does not cause peak response at a particular port of second Butler matrix 211 will also be received at one or more additional ports. Indeed, the N outputs of this second Butler network have the staggered frequency responses represented by the frequency envelope magnitudes plotted in FIG. 8 for the case where N=4. Four curves are plotted using different line codes, one for each of the four outputs. Only the mainlobes 801, 802, 3, 804 and grating lobes 805, 806, 807, 808, 809 and 810 are shown; the sidelobes have been suppressed for purposes of clarity. Adjacent mainlobes are spaced apart by ω1 in terms of ωIF, and so crossover at points that are 3.9 dB down from the mainlobe peaks (for the case shown, i.e., a case in which there is no amplitude tapering). Taken together, the four curves form a continuum of responses in frequency so that all signals will be received; yet signals at closely spaced frequencies will be separated and will appear at different outputs.
The magnitude, |El | of the double modulated envelope of el is plotted in a three dimensional graph in FIG. 9 for the case where N=4. In this figure |El | (normalized signal response) is plotted against the Z axis versus both normalized intermediate frequency (Y-axis) and time-encoded direction-of-arrival (X-axis). The range of the Y-axis has been translated by Yo so that Y-Yo =0 corresponds to the midband value of ωIF, and this midband value has been chosen so that it is an integer multiple of Nω1. Four major lobes are shown within the range of the plot. The lobe 901 at (0,0) depicts the change in response as signal frequency (Y variable) is shifted from its midband value, or as time passes (X variable) from its starting value. Since this lobe represents a nominal benchmark in frequency and time it will be designated the mainlobe. The plot shows that as signal frequency is shifted from its midband value, the response will follow the mainlobe pattern, eventually dropping to zero. Further shift in frequency will cause minor response (sidelobes 902, 903). Still further shifts in frequency will cause another major response in accordance with the pattern of a grating lobe 904. Similarly as time is shifted from its initial value (with frequency fixed at the midband value) the response will follow the mainlobe pattern eventually dropping to zero. Further shift in time will cause minor responses (sidelobes 905,906). Still further shift in time will cause another major response in accordance with the pattern of a grating lobe 907. The reduced response all around each major response illustrates graphically how a signal response is simultaneously isolated in two dimensions. Such isolation is the first step in the process of obtaining joint resolution of signals in both the frequency and the spatial domains. The second and final step is the removal of ambiguities resulting from the grating lobe responses. The grating lobes in the time dimension (X axis) correspond to subsequent scan cycles rather than ambiguities if the antenna element spacing is made sufficiently close. The grating lobes in the frequency dimension (Y axis) can be eliminated by coarse frequency filtering. Precisely this function is provided by the coarse channelization filters 217 in FIG. 2. These filters divide the frequency coverage band into contiguous passbands, each of which is Nω1 wide and centered about a single major frequency response lobe of El. Thus if two signals were incident simultaneously from nearly the same direction but were separated by more than ω1 in frequency they would be unambiguously resolved, peaking at different output ports 214. Similarly, if two signals having nearly the same frequency were incident simultaneously from directions separated by more than (2/N) in sin θ space (half-wave antenna element spacing) they would be unambiguously resolved, peaking at different times at a single output port 214. Also, by using pulse compression to accomplish this time multiplexing, the present invention preserves the inherent separation of two signals incident at two different times. Thus, multiple signals which arrive at the output ports 214 of the coarse channelizers are unambiguously resolved in frequency, direction and time.
The number of individual filters required at each coarse channelizer is equal to ωT /(Nω1) where ωT is the total frequency coverage bandwidth. Since there are N coarse channelizers, the total number of filters is ωT /ω1 which is the same number that are required in a single conventional channelized receiver providing simultaneous coverage of ωT and a channel bandwidth of ω1. However, the channelization filters in the present invention have N times the bandwidth and so may be implemented at an IF frequency which is N times as high as that used in the conventional channelized receiver. This would permit the receiver of the present invention to have as much as N times the simultaneous frequency coverage as is possible with the conventional channelized receiver.
It is next of interest to compare the signal-to-noise ratio at the outputs 214 of the present invention to that available from a reference system, a single antenna element and mixer subject to the same incident wavefront. It will be assumed that dissipation losses occurring after front-end noise is introduced are zero since these losses have the same effect on both noise and signal and thus do not affect the signal-to-noise ratio. The peak value of signal power at an output 214 (effectively, the peak value of el 2) is N2 times the signal power output by a single mixer (effectively eIF 2). The noise power output can be derived by consideration of how noise power is distributed through the system of FIG. 2. The mixers 205 act independently to generate the primary sources of noise. Their noise is applied to the first Butler matrix 215 which both divides the noise input into N equal parts distributing each part to N outputs, and also sums the divided noise from each of its N inputs at every one of its outputs. Since the noise power is additive (the noise components at any one output being uncorrelated) the noise power at any output of the first Butler matrix is equal in value to that applied to any of its inputs by a single mixer. The delay lines 219 destroy any correlation between the N noise outputs of the first Butler matrix so that the action of the second Butler matrix 211 on the noise is a repeat of the process performed by the first matrix. Therefore, the noise power at any output of the second Butler matrix 211 is also equal in value to that output by a single mixer. As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio at any output of the second Butler matrix is N2 better than that of the reference system. Further improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is obtained at the outputs of the coarse channelizers since the noise power is further divided by the number of channels, ωT /(Nω1), while the signal remains essentially undivided. Thus, the signal-to-noise ratio at an output of the channelizer 214 is approximately a factor of NωT /ω1 better than that of the reference system. At this point, it should be noted that in some applications, receivers are not required to be wide-open in frequency. For these applications, the output of the reference system could be augmented by a narrow-band filter to reduce noise. The bandwidth of this filter cannot be narrower than the spectrum of the signal to be received. Since ω1 in the system of the invention must also be at least as wide as that spectrum, the value of ω1 might be considered for the bandwidth of the output filter in this augmented reference system. That would improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the augmented reference system by the factor ωT /ω1. Therefore, for these narrow band applications, the signal-to-noise ratio at the output 214 of the current invention would be a factor of N better than that of the augmented reference system, which is in effect, the directive gain of the array. It should be noted that this gain is achieved while providing simultaneous angle coverage over the whole field of view of a single antenna element.
In summary, the previous detailed description of the present invention has demonstrated the many advantages of the present invention compared to the prior art.
Alternative equivalent systems are considered within the scope of the invention. For example, alternative systems derived by the addition of a set of amplifiers prior to the mixing process or after the mixing process or the addition of preselector filters or attenuators or receive/transmit duplexers or any other set of devices normally found in the front end of a receiver are considered within the contemplations of the current invention because these devices do not alter the intent or the manner of operation of the invention, although to the extent that the transmission parameters of such devices fail to track each other, they can degrade performance.
All of the alternative equivalent forms of the invention have in common the following essence of the invention; the means to form multiple, time-sequenced outputs, each output corresponding to a different beam of sensitivity which scans the full coverage sector and together with the other outputs forms a contiguous set of such beams which both fill the coverage sector at any one time and scan the full coverage synchronously as a function of time; the means to differentially delay the time-sequenced outputs corresponding to an emitter at a fixed direction, so that the modulation envelopes of these outputs occur in unison; the means to coherently combine the time-aligned outputs selectively at different output ports for different emitter frequencies; and the means to separate multiple outputs at a single output port from emitters having frequencies corresponding to grating lobe responses. Although an azimuth plane is used for reference purposes, the present invention is capable of functioning in the same manner regardless of the plane in which the antenna elements lie.
While in accordance with the patent statutes, only the best mode and preferred embodiment of the present invention has been presented in detail, for the true scope and breadth of the invention, reference should be had to the appended claims.
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|System for a mobile radio system having a base station and an antenna device
|Jun 18, 2009
|Dec 23, 2010
|Sony Corporation
|Method and apparatus for capturing three-dimensional stereoscopic images
|Jun 18, 2009
|Dec 23, 2010
|Sony Corporation
|Camera for capturing three-dimensional images
|Mar 27, 2014
|Mar 12, 2015
|John Howard
|Random, sequential, or simultaneous multi-beam circular antenna array and beam forming networks with up to 360� coverage
|May 3, 1990
|Nov 22, 1990
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Lightweight, low profile phased array antenna with electromagnetically coupled integrated subarrays
|Jul 9, 1991
|Jan 29, 1992
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Plural frequency matrix multiplexer
|Dec 12, 1990
|Jun 27, 1991
|Allied-Signal Inc.
|Broadband circular phased array antenna
|May 5, 1998
|Nov 12, 1998
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Radio antenna system
|Dec 15, 2014
|Jun 23, 2016
|Radar device
|U.S. Classification
|342/371, 342/373
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 11, 1985
Owner name: EATON CORPORATION, EATON CENTER, CLEVELAND, OHIO,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:RUDISH, RONALD M.;HALL, SCOTT F.;REEL/FRAME:004419/0888
Effective date: 19850116
Owner name: EATON CORPORATION, A CORP OF OHIO, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RUDISH, RONALD M.;HALL, SCOTT F.;REEL/FRAME:004419/0888
Effective date: 19850116
|Aug 28, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 26, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 26, 1995
Owner name: AIL SYSTEMS, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EATON CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:007521/0765
Effective date: 19950602
|Sep 21, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Dec 2, 2002
Owner name: CITIBANK, N.A., NEW YORK
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:AIL SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:013496/0795
Effective date: 20021108
|Mar 10, 2008
Owner name: AIL SYSTEMS, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CITIBANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:020617/0842
Effective date: 20071220


text:
LONDON - In 1757, Benjamin Franklin made a drastic career change. He left behind his businesses in Philadelphia for a move to England, where he represented the diplomatic interests of the colonies. The London home of the famous Philadelphian was renovated and opened to the public in 2006, coinciding with the 300th anniversary of his birth. It's the only Franklin house in the world that's still standing.
When Franklin moved into the brick townhome at 36 Craven Street, he thought he would be away for only a few months to mediate disputes between the English Parliament and the increasingly restive colonies. Those few months turned into the better part of 18 years; he did not return to Philadelphia until the onset of the American Revolution.

subset: commoncrawl


text: TechNyou has an excellent animated introduction to critical thinking, as well as a very useful teachers' guide to its use in the classroom (in MS Word .doc format). How can you incorporate critical thinking into EFL classes, and how might your students benefit? Thanks to Larry Ferlazzo for the link.


text:
CHEMICAL compounds called bisphosphonates, some of which were originally used as water softeners, are playing an increasing role in the treatment of metastatic skeletal malignancies. The development may provide new insights into the normal processes involved in bone remodeling.
Some solid tumors, especially those of the breast, prostate, and lung, readily metastasize to bone, where they stimulate its formation or, more frequently, its destruction. Since bisphosphonates inhibit bone turnover by decreasing bone resorption, investigators have become interested in studying their possible use for controlling or even preventing metastatic skeletal lesions.
"We've been remiss in not considering this specific problem of bone metastasis. We need to understand it to develop rational ways of preventing and treating it. The information is now available or is on the horizon which can really make a difference in this process," said Gregory Mundy, MD, introducing a symposium last month at the National Institutes of Health
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text:
Some older people read a lot. Others like to sit around and visit with other old folk. We see some who walk an hour or two each morning in the Maplewood Mall or outside. With old age generally comes more flexibility. Some of these people in their 60s, 70s and even 80s can give us really good ideas.
Recently, Norma and I were at a memorial service for a very dear friend who was 90 years old. He was a retired science teacher from Century College. He was listed as being active in his church, the Science Museum of Minnesota, the Union Gospel Mission, St. John's Hospital and The Gideons International. The Union Gospel Mission Ministry Center was the perfect place to remember Gerald.
Elizabeth Hunnicutt will be performing live at Rockpoint Church in Lake Elmo Thursday, April 30, at 6:30 p.m. for an evening of faith, worship and praise.
We celebrate Christmas, Good Friday and Easter. They have all come and gone. Other holidays are special also, but in a different way. These three are all God-centered. Others may involve our nation, state, county, city or even our neighborhood. Then of course, we have family or individual celebrations. I remember well my 80th birthday. We had a family picnic in the park. Celebrations are enjoyable and memorable. They come and go.
The St. Odilia Adult Faith Formation program and The National Center for Fathering will present a three-week program entitled "The 7 Secrets of Effective Fathers" on Wednesdays, April 15, 22 and 29, from 6:45 to 8:15 p.m.
The Rev. Richard Stadler, pastor emeritus of St. James Evangelical Lutheran Church in West St.
The Lutheran Church of Peace, 47 Century Ave. S., Maplewood, welcomes the community to its 49th annual soup and salad luncheon April 18. An offering will be collected for charity. There are two seatings, at 11 a.m. and 1 p.m.
United Theological Seminary of the Twin Cities will host a workshop entitled "Chalk Talk" with documentary photographer Wing Young Huie, United's artist-in-residence, on Wednesday, March 25, from 1- 3 p.m. The fee is $25.
The St. Odilia Men's Club will host "Ham It Up" bingo on Friday, March 27, from 6:30 to 9 p.m., in the courtyard. Guests will have a chance to win hams, cash or both. Refreshments and desserts will be available. All proceeds support St.
On Friday, March 20, at 7 p.m., the Baha'i community of Roseville will celebrate 'Naw Ruz,' which coincides with the Vernal Equinox and marks the beginning of the spring. The free potluck dinner will start at 7 p.m.
Life is full of decisions. Some are big, others are not so big. My wife often asks what we should have for lunch or dinner. Actually, she asks what I would like to eat. We all make decisions on what to wear. These are based on the situation. You don't see people come to church Sunday mornings in their swimming suits or going for a run in their best dress suits.
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Lillie Suburban Newspapers
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Phone: (651) 777-8800
Fax: (651) 777-8288
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text:
Moist turkey crown with chestnut truffle stuffing
Nutrition and extra info
Nutrition: per serving (6)
- kcal449
- fat18g
- saturates5g
- carbs11g
- sugars4g
- fibre1g
- protein55g
- salt1.67g
- 1½ kg turkey crown
- 50g butter, softened
Butter is made when lactic-acid producing bacteria are added to cream and churned to make an…
- 1 shallot, softened
Related to the onion (as opposed to being a younger version of it), shallots grow in clusters at…
- 200g wild mushroom, finely chopped
- 50ml Madeira
- 100g chestnut, finely chopped
'Chestnuts roasting on an open fire...' that kitsch old Nat King Cole song perfectly…
- bunch thyme sprigs
This popular herb grows in Europe, especially the Mediterranean, and is a member of the mint…
- 3 tbsp truffle oil
For the brine
- 3l cold water
- 140g salt
- 5 tbsp clear honey or brown sugar
- 6 thyme sprigs
This popular herb grows in Europe, especially the Mediterranean, and is a member of the mint…
For the gravy
To make the brine, heat 200ml of the water, salt, honey or sugar and a couple of thyme sprigs in a small pan. When the salt has dissolved, stir together with the remaining water. Place the turkey in a bowl and pour over the brine. Cover and chill for 4-8 hrs.
For the stuffing, heat a knob of the butter in a frying pan. When melted, add the shallot and fry for a couple of mins until softened. Add the mushrooms and fry for 5 mins until they start to turn golden. Pour over the Madeira, add the chestnuts and the leaves from 1 thyme sprig. Cook for 10 mins more until all the liquid has evaporated. Drizzle with the truffle oil and leave to cool, then mix together with the remaining butter.
Remove the turkey from the brine and discard the liquid. Use kitchen paper to gently pat the meat until it's dry all over, then use your fingers or a spoon to gently ease under the skin of the bird, making a pocket between its flesh and skin. Smear the truffle butter all over the flesh, following the contours of the breast. Brush a little more butter over the skin, then place in a roasting tin. Can chill at this stage up to 1 day ahead.
Heat oven to 200C/fan 180C/gas 6. Roast for 1 hr (about 40 mins per kg). Halfway through cooking, baste with the juices and loosely cover with foil if the skin is browning. Check that the turkey is done by piercing the thickest part with a skewer – the juices should run clear. Remove from the tin and leave to rest, covered loosely with foil, for 10 mins.
While the turkey is resting, make the gravy. Pour away any excess fat from the roasting tin, then place the tin over a medium heat on the hob. Tip in the shallot, then cook for a couple of mins, stirring often. When the shallot has softened, sprinkle over the flour and mix through. Slowly pour in the Madeira, scraping up any caramelised cooking juices. If the gravy starts to turn lumpy, quickly whisk out any lumps. Bring to the boil and simmer until reduced by half, then pour in the chicken stock. Simmer for 5-10 mins until lightly thickened. Strain before serving, if you like.
Emma says...
Turkey has a reputation for drying out, so I use a trick I learnt in the US, which is to brine the meat. Basically you marinate the meat in a salt solution, which ensures it stays moist – but don't worry, it doesn't drastically increase the overall salt content. Paired with a stuffing of wild mushrooms flavoured with truffles, this makes an impressive centrepiece
Crisp garlic potatoes
Peel 1.5kg potatoes and cut into quarters. Cook in boiling water for 7 mins, then drain well. Return to the pan with 1 tbsp polenta and shake around the pan to fluff up the edges. Heat oven to 200C/fan 180C/gas 6. Heat 5 tbsp olive oil in large roasting tin. Tip in the potatoes and 1 garlic bulb, separated into cloves. Roast for 45-50 mins until crisp, turning once during cooking.
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Comments, questions and tips
Comments (3)
If you want succulent tasty Turkey this recipe delivers
We normally don't have turkey for Christmas - because we found it tasteless and dry -
Tried this this year and brined the turkey for 8 hours on 24th Dec - stuffed the crown as suggested and left overnight - so Christmas morning all we had to do was put it in the oven.
Yes the mushroom stuffing makes the Turkey look dark, however was very tasty
Turkey was held in a "Hostess trolley" for 2 hours ( late family arrivals) and still remained succulent and tasty.
Only thing slightly negative was the skin was not crispy - otherwise highly recommend this recipe
I just used this recipe for roasting the turkey crown. I've never roasted one before and found that brining the turkey really helped. The brine I made was honey and salt only as I didn't have any thyme sprigs to hand, but the result was still far better than hoped for: turkey that wasn't dry and had a lovely flavour! Goose fat instead of truffle oil worked just as well, though I might rinse the turkey skin a little before roasting as the honey can brown the skin too much, even halfway through cooking, making it look a bit burnt, even if it isn't.
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text:
New Ukip leader names Putin as her political hero
Diane James says Vladamir Putin is a 'strong leader'
Diane James says Vladamir Putin is a 'strong leader'
'He stoked anti-immigrant sentiments to win the referendum to have Britain leave the EU'
The insurgents appear as far away from real government as ever – though they cannot be written off just yet
He will likely remain in police custody until his trial on 4 October in Phoenix, Arizona
As Sadiq Khan, a shrewd EU watcher, has noted, inserting a rushed UK withdrawal from Europe into a crucial election year in both France and Germany is not smart
Exclusive: 'I knew you – I remember your interest in the National Front. I want the nation to see you as I do.' New claims of former Ukip leader's 'dark' past
Three NEC members quit in protest at what was described as a 'coup'
The MEP has been the front-runner in the race to succeed Nigel Farage as party leader
A spokesman for Mr Woolfe insisted he will still in the running to become the party's next leader
Exclusive: Move comes in response to the campaign's 'Breaking Point' poster that depicted Syrian refugees crossing a border in central Europe
Terence Nathan has apologised for the comments saying they were 'intended to be taken with a pinch of salt'
Mr Farage admitted that he isn't a 'brilliant linguist', but that he is very good with a French wine list
'Sky News have got a racist on their channel. Are you really listening to this man?'
Send your letters to firstname.lastname@example.com
Nigel Farage had a dream – he dreamed of taking this country back to the Fifties, and he has doubled out splendidly on that
'Make sure you don't miss Nigel's big show,' says the station
Nikki Sinclaire told jury she was too busy to pay attention to the detail of the claims


text:
In Brief: $1 billion offered for perfect tournament bracket
Correctly predicting the outcome of every game in the NCAA men's basketball tournament is no layup. There's now a $1 billion prize waiting for anyone able to pull off the feat this spring.
Quicken Loans Inc. announced Tuesday that it will team with investor Warren Buffett's Omaha, Neb.-based Berkshire Hathaway on the "Billion Dollar Bracket Challenge."
The Detroit-based mortgage lender says any qualified entrant who correctly predicts the winners of every game in the tournament will be paid in 40 annual installments of $25 million. A winner also can elect to receive an immediate $500 million lump-sum payment or share in that payment if there's more than one perfect bracket submitted.
It's a safe investment by Buffett's group. ESPN -- which has run a tournament challenge for the past 16 years that has included President Barack Obama -- has never had a perfect bracket in more than 30 million entries, according to the network.
Super Bowl to be streamed live online
The Super Bowl will again be streamed live online.
Fox said Wednesday that it would offer free access to all users on computers and tablets through its app for the NFL championship on Feb. 2. For other playoff games this season, only subscribers to certain cable companies could watch through Fox Sports Go.
Playtex recalls 1.4M pacifier holders
Playtex is recalling 1.4 million pacifier holders because of concern that a small child could choke if a part of the clip broke off.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission said Wednesday that the clips -- used to connect a pacifier to clothing, diaper bags or strollers -- can crack, and a small part can break off.
-- from wire reports


text:
A car driven by an ignorant redneck who cant accept that overly large engines arent needed to go fast. Often seen with faded paint jobs, non-existant interiors, and downright ugly drivers. For a domestic racer, starting the car is half the battle.
My daddy drove a ford so they must be good, right? Well Daddy is a drunk farmer who cant afford to feed his family. Does it seem like he makes good choices to you?
by YOUR DADDY September 04, 2003
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Top Definition
A domestic can be refereed to as any type of problem, depending on the severity of the problem, the type of 'domestic' or 'domestics' can be varied.
"that was a straight up domestic"
"standard domestic"
"that chick, such a fkn domestic"
"having a domestic right now"
you rock up to a party and there is only bung chicks... "major domestic"
"standard domestic"
"that chick, such a fkn domestic"
"having a domestic right now"
you rock up to a party and there is only bung chicks... "major domestic"
by bigbudah123 March 12, 2012
It means domestic violence
Those coconuts down the road had another domestic last night.
by Your mum's May 04, 2008
A car manufactured under a marque one typically associates with being a U.S. company, i.e., Chevrolet, Ford, Dodge, etc., regardless of whether or not the car was actually manufactured in the U.S.A.
That domestic looks like a friggin' import.
by ghost July 31, 2003
A woman worthy of keeping in your house. A traditional type of woman; not an independent type of woman. A woman who could potentially be girlfriend or wifey material. Possibly a mistress.
Although Sally is a pretty girl who could get a lot of attention from men if she advertised herself a little more, she's shy and doesn't like to go out to bars and clubs. She'd be a good domestic.
by shegavemydickpinkeye June 06, 2011
People who seem to have this thing against Imports, and who think you have to have at least a V12 under the hood in order to perform good in the 1/4 mile.
Domestic people are dumbass rednecks. All they can do is make their car go fast in a straight line, but that's it. Ooooh, scary.
by Bojangles November 13, 2003
Teenagers/People in their early 20s who have been in the same boring relationship for an absurd number of years, wasting their youth on one lame person instead of enjoying single life precisely when they're supposed to.
-How long's your sister been going out with that guy?
-I don't know, like 5 years?
-Since they were 15?!?!?!
-Tell me about it. Fucking domestics man.
-I don't know, like 5 years?
-Since they were 15?!?!?!
-Tell me about it. Fucking domestics man.
by M.Z.G November 23, 2010
an american made car mostly sport cars with huge engines in them, refered by import drivers, some think domestics are faster but imports sell faster and are more reliable and much better handling
man there are helal domestics and imports out tonight
by ethan quan January 13, 2004


text:
Alternative Products
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Quality Logo Products, Inc. is your number one source for stress balls and promotional items.
Copyright 2003 - 2016 Quality Logo Products, Inc., Registration No. TX7-524-201. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Event Information
Enjoy Laughter on the very funny cruise on May 6th with Tammy Nerby. Enjoy a delicious dinner buffet while cruising onthe scenic St.Croix River. Boarding begins at 6pm with a 6:30 pm departure. Tickets are $54.95 plus tax which includes the cruise, dinner and comedy act.
More Information
- Cruises depart from either Afton MN or Hudson WI.
Other Date Information
- For a complete listing of dates available and pricing information, please visit our website at www.stcroixrivercruises.com or call 651-436-8883.
Event Attributes
- Accessible to Disabled
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Also at this Location
Afton House Inn & Afton*Hudson Cruise Lines
3291 St Croix Trail South
Afton, MN 55001
Call: (651) 436-8883
Apr 20, 2016 - Oct 31, 2016
Comedy Dinner cruises featuring nationally known comedians. Friday Italian Dinner cruises every Friday Night. Sunday Brunch Cruises including Mother's & Father's Day. Fajita and Margarita, Hawaiian Luau and Other cruises include: Vinyards of the Croix Wine Tasting & Dinner Cruise, Fireworks Cruise, and more. Dates, times and boarding location on line. www.StCroixRiverCruises.com


text:
Heritage Day
We are thrilled to announce our second annual Heritage Day, June 5, 2016! We have a very special day planned for our 240th anniversary. The festivities will begin at 12…Read more
Our Cemetery
We have many choice lots available in both our newer and historical sections of our cemetery. We also offer cremation niches in our Columbarium for the placement of your loved ones…Read more
Veteran's Monument
Hanover Green Cemetery is home to more than 1,600 soldiers and sailors from every war, from the Revolution to the Vietnam War.Read more


text:
Comic collections
Category page
41,457pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Real World article
(written from a Production point of view)
(written from a Production point of view)
This is a category to list collections or omnibuses of Star Trek comics.
This category has only the following subcategory.
Pages in category "Comic collections"
The following 123 pages are in this category, out of 123 total.


text:
Rock Band
(PS3, 360, PS2, Wii)
MTV's purchase of Harmonix starts to bear fruits. Rock Band is the world's first full rock band rhythm game to let four players -- guitar, bass, drums, and lead vocal -- have at it, online or off. Will feature a ton of licensed music from major labels such as EMI, Sony BMG, and Universal.
1UP Review
Rock Band Review
Score: A
We could rock all night with this one. Our review.December 20, 2007
User Reviews> Write a Review of This Game
Score: A+
by Hat Wearer
This game is so powerful and enjoyable, you could play for a straight year.
January 17, 2008 0 0
Rocking Rock Band
Score: B+
by John Cann
This game does rock.
Every Friday night when my wife and I have the friends over we play, Age is not a problem in this game. With all the titles you can download, and what...
Read more
January 08, 2008 0 0
Great fun
Score: A+
by Wilma Smelley
Everyone from the in-laws to the kids love to play this game
December 31, 2007 0 0
Submit a Review for Rock Band
Here is where you can write your own Rock Band PS3 review. Please make your review as honest and well written as possible -- remember, someone else may read your review to decide whether to buy this game! This is not the place for you to respond to 1UP's or other peoples' reviews, this is where you should write your own thoughts on the game. What did you like or dislike? What did you think of the graphics? How about the gameplay? What could the developers have done better? You must include a rating with your review, and don't even think about reviewing this game unless you've played it for several hours!


text:
Time left to call 00 : 00 : 00
Slow, unreliable service is a frequent problem with Internet providers in Carnation, a fact that is especially frustrating every time you try to stream a video or download a song. But with CenturyLink® High-Speed Internet in Carnation, WA, this is a problem of the past. You can stop worrying about slow Internet speeds because your CenturyLink Internet connection is 100% your own. CenturyLink Internet will also support multiple mobile devices, meaning you can turn your home into a wireless hub. You can stream shows on your tablet while your kids play games on the laptop and your spouse watches TV—all with virtually no lags or delays. You can also get constant wireless security with the Advanced Networking modem and add even more advanced security to any package with CenturyLink @Ease. And of course, CenturyLink Internet keeps you connected with 24/7 tech support. It's time to get affordable, reliable Internet today with CenturyLink Internet in Carnation!
Put a halt to overage minutes and dropped calls at home with CenturyLink home phone service. Using a landline phone service helps prevent overage charges on your cell phone, letting you use the phone as much as you need without worry. International calling also costs less on some CenturyLink Home Phone service plans! With CenturyLink Home Phone, you'll enjoy all of the following advanced calling features:
Everyone knows that DIRECTV is the best when it comes to sports programming. Now, the DIRECTV Bundle from CenturyLink Internet brings you those sports for less! For one low price, you can get this CenturyLink Bundle—a winning combination of fast, reliable CenturyLink Internet and all of the superb programming options of DIRECTV. A DIRECTV Bundle also gets you exclusive access to NFL SUNDAY TICKET and superior coverage of every sport year-round! But that's not all: the DIRECTV Bundle gives you the ability to watch sports from multiple TVs and record up to five programs at once§. Plus, if you forget to schedule your recording, you can access your DVR from anywhere, so you don't miss a thing.
Put an end to mailbox clutter and missed bills, and simplify with a CenturyLink Bundle! When you get a phone and Internet bundle, a TV and Internet bundle, or any of the other CenturyLink Bundles available now, you'll save yourself both time and money. How? CenturyLink Bundles consolidate your home service bills into a single statement, which takes a lot of the hassle out of paying your bill every month. Plus, the 5-Year-Price-Lock Guarantee available with select CenturyLink Bundles guarantees that your rate won't change for five years; that's more than most Internet providers in Carnation can offer!


text:
Doctor insights on:
Sudden Itching Of Hands And Feet
What could possibly cause sudden intense itching of palms of hands, feet, redness around mouth, and rash on back and stomach within 30 minutes?
Itchying and rash: This sounds like an allergy to something - perhaps you ate something that you have an allergy to. Have you taken a Bendaryl or called or seen a doctor? ...Read more
Itch (Definition)
Itch is also known as Itching. Itches are a clinical finding in which a person's skin has a sensation of non-painful irritation ...Read more
My body itches a lot especially hands and my feet, but I have failed to know the cause. Pls a advise . Thx?
Eczema ??: Do your hands and feet get bumps, sometimes blister and peel or crack? And do you get rough itchy spots on your body? The answer for that would be eczema but really can't tell without seeing it. The problem could be as simple as dry skin that could respond to amlactin 12% moisturizer that you should be able to get on almost any pharmacy .See you dr for right diagnosis and treatment. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
I have a rash that is forming up all over my body, some areas itch some areas don't. My feet and hands are what itches the most. What is the cause?
Skin Rash: Skin rashes can occur from a variety of factors, including infections, heat, allergens, immune system disorders and medications. A diagnosis can be made with a skin biopsy. ...Read more
I have a rash on my legs back of hands tops of feet it is little prickly white bumps that itch what is it? It really itches
Many possibilities: There are many types and causes of skin rashes. Several types of inflammatory conditions of the skin, allergic reactions, and sometimes bacterial, viral or fungal infections can cause rashes on the skin. Insect bites can also be the cause of a rash on the skin. Have it evaluated by a professional and get the appropriate treatment. ...Read more
Skin itch (no redness) started 2 yrs ago, feet & hands, then scrotum. It comes & goes. Now it itches more, puffy eyes and redness on neck. What is it?
Rash: Might be hives which look like a mosquito bite which are red, raised and intensely itchy. They can pop up on any part of the body. But i don't like the rash spreading to the scrotum. Maybe it should be seen just to be safe. ...Read more
My feet are itchy and burning after itching....and knees arms hands feet itches in night more...help me..i got red rashes after 2 days of itching..tq?
Clean, don't scratch: Clean the bedding well. Gently clean your body well too and wipe w/ diluted vinegar or witch hazel, etc. Use a hypoallergic lotion too. Take Benadryl as directed. If you still suffer, see a Dr. You might need a lb test and/or a Rx anti-inflammatory. Try hard to not scratch! Avoid infection. ...Read more
Why does my palm of feet itches ?
Dry Skin, Fungus: The most common causes of itchy skin on the soles of your feet are dry skin and athlete's foot which is caused by fungus or yeast. Even if you do not see or smell anything odd, i'd suggest trying a simple over the counter anti fungal cream applied every day and see if the problem resolves. If not, see a doctor. Terbinafine and Clotrimazole are commonly available otc antifungals. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
I have rashes on feet and my palm, it itches and bring out liquid, it's been on for 18yrs now.Pls help?
Dermatologist: 18 years is a long time, i hope you were able to see a dermatologist for it, this needs to be examined to determine the problem. If you have not seen one, you should. ...Read more
I started taking cymbalta could it cause burning and itching of hands and feet and sour stomach and loose bowls ?
Yes: It can cause all those things, although the itching hands is less common. More info on side effect here: http://www.Webmd.Com/drugs/drug-91491-cymbalta+oral.Aspx?Drugid=91491;drugname=cymbalta+oral;pagenumber=6 also, if you are taking it for depression, be aware that medication alone is not optimal treatment. Consider psychotherapy, or psychotherapy + meds. ...Read more
16-year-old with sudden onset of burning, itching, bright red hands and feet that sometimes tingle. What could it be?
Multiple answers: This could be due to a medication the child is taking; overexposure to the sun; an allergic reaction to food as this is some form of allergic reaction with a vascular-blood vessel condition. Please see your pediatrician for the exact reason. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
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SHORT SALE BANK APPROVALVAL POSSIBLY AT $650,000. New Appraisal (over Bank approved price $725,000 LAND VALUE) .26 acres/11,324sf BEST VALUE IN LAND HOME IS A TEARDOWN. Incredible Bay/ Siesta Key!! Buy of a LIFETIME. Views from this home are extrodinary!! DEEP WATER sought after Siesta Key. room for a pool. There are no appliances conveyed with this home.Lower level is non-conforming space (1543 sq.ft.) An unbelievable opportunity to own private deep water property under $1.0 Mil
Listing courtesy of MY REALTY COMPANY. Selling Office: RE/MAX TROPICAL SANDS.
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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
Posted by shee on 2015-05-11
Food was great and service was excellent
Posted by Tha kiang on 2015-04-06
went today for the first time, the server wasn't friendly. We received our beverages without straws. The coffee was cold. The food wasn't good it wasn't hot, had to get it reheated, it was okay. Was in there forever. Wasn't satisfied at all.
Posted by sv on 2015-02-16
After being seated at 12:30 our food did not arrive until 2. Totally unacceptable... The food was good but not worth the wait.
Posted by Chynna on 2015-02-04
Their food, staff, service, and cafe environment is great! I'd recommend them to the entire world if I could :) Try them out if you've never been.
Posted by EK on 2014-10-20
I enjoy getting breakfast from here. Rose Petals serves dinner on Thursday and Fridays. The oxtail with plantain mash is to die for. The flavors are out of this world.
Posted by marie ratcliff on 2014-02-18
Today was my first time eating at Rose Petal and i must say the food was delicious.I live down.the street from.the restaurant and because i drive never notice the spot.Because of the inclement weather i decided to walk to the nearby supermarket and on my
Posted by Jennifer on 2014-01-21
Went today for the first time for my sister's birthday. The food was great. The biggest downfall was the service. There was a severe delay in placing our order and getting our food. Has the potential of being a great spot.


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It's time to start gearing up for the 2012 Epcot Food and Wine Festival! So please join me in welcoming Vikki Hurley-Schubert & Michelle Maskaly with a review of a past Epcot Food and Wine Festival event.
Beverage seminars were offered during the 2011 Festival, including the Florida Orange Groves activity priced at $10 per person. Now, on to the review!
I'm not a fan of wine, so when my foodie buddy, Michelle, better known as The Adirondack Chick, suggested one of the seminars at Epcot's Food and Wine Festival, I wrinkled my nose, sort of whined and said "OK, you're the guest, let's go".
To say we enjoyed the Florida Orange Groves Winery session would be an understatement. So would calling it a typical festival wine tasting. When we sat down, the wines were already poured to tempt and tease us with their bright and fruity aromas.
Atmosphere and Info
From the start, the winery's owner, Vincent Shook was engaging and fun. He incorporated stories about how they got started in the business, debunked several myths about fruit wines, and incorporated practical ways to use the beverage, even telling us what dishes he and his wife like to pair their favorites with.
We were surprised to learn that Florida has more than a [Read more…]


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I have shed my blood in Kashmir Valley: Army Chief
Top Stories
- Home Ministry calls for high-level meet to discuss threat posed by ISIS
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- Indian Army, Chinese PLA hold maiden meet at DBO in Ladakh
- SP leader Farooq Ghosi, who demanded RS seat for Yakub Memon's widow, suspended from party
- Navy choppers gave air cover during Kalam's funeral: Defence
Army Chief General Bikram Singh, who has spent a major part of his 40 years of service in Jammu and Kashmir, today recalled his days in the Valley saying that he has "shed his blood" there as he was wounded in a terrorist incident there.
"Kashmir Valley is always in my mind. I have shed my blood as I was hit by a bullet while serving there. I have done a number of tenures in that area as I commanded the 15 Corps and the 10 Division and my battalion also there," he said.
The Army Chief was interacting with a group of children from Lolab Valley in Kashmir visiting different parts of the country under the Operation Sadbhavna of the force.
As a Brigadier, the Army Chief was hit by a bullet in a terrorist attack when he was commanding the 1 Sector Rashtriya Rifles in south Kashmir.
The Army Chief was on his way back to Anantnag after visiting various Army units. When the Army convoy stopped at Janglat Mandi, a militant disguised as a beggar opened indiscriminate fire upon the Army men.
The Army Chief has done the important command tenures in battalion, brigade, division and Corps in the state only. He promised the children that he would visit their school whenever he is Jammu and Kashmir the next time.


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looking for someone to set up woorank fan page squeeze page. to increase likes, traffic and integrate aspects of woo wank to get huge amounts of traffics to 3 new websites http://www.capelectronicshop.net, http://www.capelectronicshop.com and http://www.tofinojewerly.us . should be familair with social media marketing, how to creat a squeeze page and how to optimize social media to get llikes, create a newsletter and ultimately increase conversions and sales .
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I am one that thinks that the Blackhawks don't need to make a move right now but if the offensive production does not pick up Tallon might need to add another scoring option
Slow Start for Young 'Hawks
By Michael Wagner ,
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The Chicago Blackhawks have started out 0-2-1 this season and have not been unable to score more than two goals in any of their first 3 games. Early the Hawks young forwards have not been able to put the puck into the net, showing how the lack of a veteran in the top 6 has hurt them. The 'Hawks only have 1 player over 30 that isn't a goalie, this might mean Dale Tallon might be looking to add another player to his top six (A veteran).


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Added by newsydotcom Subscribe 24
Published 9 Apr 2011
BY CHARLIE MCKEAGUE ANCHOR JIM FLINK You're watching multisource business news analysis from Newsy "Mor...
BY CHARLIE MCKEAGUE ANCHOR JIM FLINK You're watching multisource business news analysis from Newsy "More cracks have been found on Southwest Airlines planes. Southwest says inspections of its 737 turned up five planes with cracks." (HLN) Big questions about aging Boeing 737's. According to Bloomberg - airlines often fly 737 jets that are 20 years old – or older. On CNBC, an analyst explains how popular the aircraft is in the industry - and why this finding is front and center. "Since they were introduced in the late 60's Boeing has sold more than 6000 of these 737's. … Keep in mind that's the workhorse of the industry. It's what Southwest flies. It's what Ryan Air flies over in Europe. A lot of airlines fly this airplane. So the future of the 737 is in focus." The scrutiny comes after a five-foot hole opened in the fuselage of an in-flight Southwest jet last week. On CBS, John Goglia, a former board member for the National Transportation Safety Board – blames the Federal Aviation Administration for its lack of regulation on aircraft maintenance. He says its system of fining airlines – doesn't work. "I don't know if there has ever been a study done by the FAA or anybody else that can correlate the fines to improving safety." As an example - CBS cites a $10.5 million fine on Southwest in 2007 - which the airline got reduced to $7.5 million. And former chairman of the House Transportation Committee agrees – noting the fines are too small. "There is very little incentive if the airline doesn't feel the pain of the fine. The ultimate victim is safety." CNN is also talking 737's -- and explains -- it's not necessarily the age of the plane that matters -- but how many takeoffs and landings it's had. "When a plane takes off this is basically what happens to the fuselage. It gets pressurized. When you land, the pressure comes out. Now that is wearing on the structure of the plane." "Boeing says eventually 570 planes with the same design will need a closer look. The company had anticipated that the skin and joints would not need special scrutiny until it reached 60,000 takeoffs and landings. But the plane that was damaged Friday had only 39,000." But it's not all bad news for Boeing. Back on CNBC a market analyst believes the small tear was actually a blessing in disguise for the company. He says airline companies will consider upgrading their fleets to newer jets – from Boeing of course. "You have to remember that if you know this a potential problem it is pretty easy to inspect and find out if you have that problem. Then if you have that problem it is pretty easy for the airlines to repair it. So, I think this is an issue we will forget about in entirety in a couple weeks. … I think the airlines are looking to newer for fuel efficient planes." But Daily Finance is less optimistic -- and poses the question -- can Boeing still make planes? Writer Douglas McIntyre points out - the company can't really afford many more setbacks. "Its 787 Dreamliner is now years late. This has cost the airlines that ordered the plane untold millions of dollars in fuel costs. … Boeing has also been late a year late in its release of a new version of the 747... Industry analysts say that this has cost Boeing $1 billion, and given rival Airbus a head start..." So far 700 Southwest flights have been canceled due to the safety concerns. One plane was forced to emergency land – and another was diverted. Both Boeing and Southwest stock shares took hits Friday – but have started rebounding. 'Like' Newsy on Facebook for updates in your news feed Get more multisource video news analysis from Newsy Transcript by Newsy


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The Killers Ticket Information
With a guitar-driven, synthpop-inspired sound, Las Vegas-based The Killers began crafting their own distinct brand of rock after forming in 2001. Fronted by Brandon Flowers, The Killers earned their big break in 2003 with the release of the international hit "Mr. Brightside," and the group has kept its spot at the forefront of today's alt-rock scene with arena-ready anthems like "All These Things That I've Done" and "Runaways." Over the years, each The Killers tour has put the band's incredible showmanship in the spotlight as they continue to perform greatest hits and cutting-edge singles live. Reserve The Killers tickets for a future concert when you follow our simple three-step process outlined below. If you need assistance, our support team is on hand seven days a week during extended business hours. Give us a call at 866.848.8499 or connect to Live Chat for help.
- A schedule of The Killers tour dates is shown above, with concerts closest to you usually being shown first. Select your desired performance by tapping "Tickets."
- On the next page, all Killers tickets for the date you selected will be listed, starting with the lowest price. Before you choose a listing with the "Buy" button, make sure you modify the quantity of seats with the drop-down menu.
- After you log in and enter all required information, you will have one final chance to review your full order summary for The Killers concert tickets. Make sure we have all the details correct before you click the "Place Order" button on the final page. If the seller confirms the transaction, you'll receive your passes by your chosen Killers tour date.
Related Concerts
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Retirement Tales ~ Year One
"You know Jim, I've discovered that the more time one has, the more time one wastes." ~ Byron Roberts (Suzy's Dad) after hearing me talk about only having one job after retiring from the Army Reserves. Last year at this … Continue reading
Posted in FAQ, Guides, MJJO, Money, My World, retirement, WCB Tagged etsy, Quinn the Eskimo Vintage Horns Leave a comment
Security 101: 1.2 Billion Passwords Hacked and YOU
First, the story. From USA Today. I asked a friend who does computer security, what to do about passwords. Here's a small primer. He wrote up his suggestions for the layman here. 1. If you have a password that's under … Continue reading
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When Microsoft Lays You Off ~ Tips from Someone who has been There.
For those of you who live in a cave, let me catch you up. Microsoft gave 12,500 employees walking papers last week. Note, Microsoft conducts these Reduction In Force (RIF) exercises every 3 to 5 years. This current RIF is … Continue reading
Posted in Employment, Guides, LinkedIn, Microsoft Tagged layoff, lost job, RIF 6 Comments
Cappadocia Turkey
"Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better." ~ Albert Einstein During a rare Glass family gathering at the parents's house this weekend we were talking about wonders of the Earth. I don't remember how we got … Continue reading
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Let Post Offices Replace Payday Lenders
Vote for this idea by signing this petition. A few days ago, a diary was posted explaining that the US Inspector General had recently endorsed the idea of the United States Post Office offering simple banking services in addition to … Continue reading
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Retiring in Style for the Average Family
"It was the labor movement that helped secure so much of what we take for granted today. The 40-hour work week, the minimum wage, family leave, health insurance, Social Security, Medicare, retirement plans. The cornerstones of the middle-class security all … Continue reading
Why I've Grown to Hate Most Employee Feedback Systems
In the past 22 years, I have noticed that most corporations solicit feedback from all levels of a team, but when using them to *help* an employee improve, the feedback is used in a way that leaves out specifics, so … Continue reading


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Kennedy could join the club Sunday
The Craig graduate has a two-stroke lead and is seeking his first Janesville Men's City Tournament championship.
Kennedy holds first-round lead in city golf championship
Bobby Kennedy fired a 2-under-par round of 70 at the Janesville Country Club to take the lead at the Janesville Men's City Tournamant.
Janesville Men's City golf tournament begins Friday
The 67th annual Janesville Men's City golf tournament tees off Friday morning at the Janesville Country Club.
Richards, Wieterson win city junior golf titles
Keara Richards and Reed Wieterson were crowned Janesville's Junior City champions at Riverside Golf Course on Tuesday.
Richards, who will be a senior at Janesville Parker High, won the girls championship by...
Janesville 14-year-olds advance to Babe Ruth World Series
A group of youth baseball players from Janesville who advanced to the Babe Ruth World Series as 13-year-olds in 2015 won the Ohio Valley Regional in the 14-year-old age bracket this year and will return to World Series play next month.
Genoa City ends Janesville's Legion baseball season
A promising season came to a premature end Friday night for Janesville's American Legion baseball team.
Janesville Legion eliminates Lake Geneva
After suffering a tough 6-5 loss to Beloit in the AAA District 7 regional opener Wednesday, Post 205 banged out 19 hits in a 16-1 drubbing of Lake Geneva. The game was called due to heavy rains in the top of the seventh with Janesville batting.
Janesville 14U and 10U open with wins
Janesville's 14U and 10U tournament teams opened up Ohio Valley regional play with wins Thursday.
Five Janesville youth baseball teams traveling to regionals
Ohio Valley Regional tournaments begin this week, and a sixth is here in Janesville
Eric Schmoldt: JYBSA might have new summer tradition
The Janesville Youth Baseball and Softball Association proved itself on a national level a year ago. Now the organization hopes the Youth Sports Complex becomes an annual destination for Babe Ruth Baseball regional or World Series tournaments.


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Matt is best known for his score for the Emmy-winning documentary
'Dinosaur 13'
, as well as his ability to create memorable music in a wide variety of styles.
Smoothly told pic is well handled in all departments, with a strong score by Matt Morton
" -
"Falling" (Matt's original song for the dance video "
For Chance
") is now available on
, etc.
Mercy Health Hospitals
"This Is What We Were Meant To Do" TV spots
Children of Fallen Patriots Foundation
fundraising video (short film score)
JPMorgan Chase
Technology Careers video (first cue)


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Give a rouse! https://t.co/6aW1ZeNBHy
A new collaboration w/ Northern Stage gives students a chance to experience what a performing arts career is like:… https://t.co/y7w0xEj528
Students are working full-time on 'Orwell in America' by Joe Sutton, '76 under the direction of Peter Hackett '75:… https://t.co/wsmrW1X891
Tuck Alumni, The 2016 survey is now live and in your inbox! We want to hear from you. #WeAreTuck https://t.co/KBW38PTnk0
Golden Key International Honour Society members! Connect with Tuck at a Virtual Grad School Fair TUESDAY. Register; https://t.co/tpDkeYqNMu
To read more about the newly announced, Arthur L. Irving Institute for Energy and Society: https://t.co/GreU6T6eRL https://t.co/3L9coFKVD5
While interning w/ @SavetheChildren, David T'17 led a strategic planning process to combat the effects of malaria.… https://t.co/G4Yrf6NKM3
.@Dartmouth #engineering prof @DrAmroMFarid develops new formulas for #renewable #energy integration into the grid https://t.co/rjfFSpH3lm
.@NIH awards DoseOptics, founded by profs Pogue and Davis, $2 Million to improve radiation therapy safety https://t.co/8kXSF96yKh
DartGRAD alumna Melody Brown Burkins @mbbvt, Associate Director @DartmouthDickey, leads #womeninscience! (link: https://t.co/d6qIXUxJn6)
Postdoc appreciation reception at DCAL - connections being made across the programs https://t.co/sUpPAOhNam
Postdoc appreciation week reception @dartmouth https://t.co/OVGwOEy4SU
Congrats #Geisel20s! https://t.co/Bd4KgN0sSF
Dr. Matthew Duncan shares the history of the white coat and its symbolism. #geisel20s #Dartmouth https://t.co/yIL2NBZjzJ
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quote: It's great that they can produce larger drives but how about a drive that actually has the full sdvertised amount of memory in windows? Even though it's only missing 7% after being converted into binary I still get pretty mad when my 250 GB drive lost 17 gigs. 1 TB is 1 TB in windows instead of ~952 GB.
quote: Also SI is there from the 19th scentury. IMHO this was a bit sooner that computers and the idea 1000~1024 showed up.
quote: ...while scientists say that it's possible to physically make a transporter, we don't yet have the computing power to make it a viable technology (though they say that with modern computing, we could do simple inanimate objects, like rocks).


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A Rabbi's World
Culture View
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Leftover cake - sounds crazy, no? But it can happen to the best of us - so here is a great way to extend its shelf life, create something totally new and have fun while you're at it. If you read any food blogs or magazines you've probably come across cake balls or cake pops in your life, but did you know they're so easy to make?
If you have frosted cake or cupcakes sitting around, all you need to do is thrown them in a bowl (remove any paper wrappers first, of course) and mash them up together, before forming little balls and dipping those balls into melted chocolate. If you're starting from scratch, just use your favorite cake recipe in a 9x13" pan and a can of any storebought frosting.
Whichever way you tackle them, cake balls are a great party dessert and everyone loves popping one - or two or three - in their mouth. Experiment with flavor matchups - vanilla cake with chocolate frosting, red velvet cake with cream cheese frosting, carrot cake with vanilla frosting - the possibilities are endless. Below I give you a basic chocolate cake recipe to get you started.
2 cups white sugar
1 3/4 cups flour
3/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
1 1/2 teaspoons baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
2 eggs
1 cup milk
1/2 cup vegetable oil
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1 cup boiling water
1 can chocolate frosting or 2 cups homemade
12 ounces semisweet chocolate
Mix together the sugar, flour, cocoa, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Add in the eggs, milk, oil and vanilla and mix well. Stir in the cup of boiling water and pour into a greased 9x13" pan. Bake on 350 F for 35 to 40 minutes or until the cake tests done. Let cool completely.
Break the cake into pieces and put in a large bowl. Add frosting - start with about half and see how much you need to make it come together. Roll tablespoons of the mixture into balls. Melt the chocolate and use a fork to gently dip each cake ball in the chocolate and coat completely, shaking off any excess chocolate. Place on a parchment-paper lined sheet to set. If desired, sprinkle colored sugar, sugar pearls, sea salt or other decoration on when wet.
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I tried this with cake mix (the mix, unbaked) and frosting, rolled into melted chocolate chips to frost, and it was the hit of the day for my ladies' luncheon company. I made individual balls but piling up like that is a cute idea!


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Follow HitFix Follow @hitfix
'Elementary,' 'Vegas' lead 6 CBS pilot pickups
Jonny Lee Miller, Dennis Quaid, Michael Chiklis and Janet Montgomery are coming to CBS
Even with very few scheduling holes to fill, CBS has reportedly ordered six pilots to series, including [yet another] Sherlock Holmes update and a star-studded Las Vegas period drama.
According to media reports -- we'll cite Deadline.com -- CBS has ordered two multi-cam comedys in "Partners" and "Friend Me," as well as the dramas "Elementary," "Vegas," "Made in Jersey" and "Golden Boy."
The network also picked up a reality series titled "The Job," to be hosted by Lisa Ling and produced by Michael Davies and Lisa Ling.
Here's the basic breakdown on the pilots:
*** "Friend Me" - Two friends (Christopher "McLovin'" Mintz-Plasse and Nicholas Braun) leave Indiana to go work for a website in Los Angeles. One is very social. The other is introverted. Hilarity may ensue. Alan Kirschenbaum and Ajay Sahgal wrote the pilot, which was directed by "How I Met Your Mother" veteran Pam Fryman.
*** "Partners" - "Will & Grace" creators Max Mutchnick and David Kohan return with a pilot that's loosely based on their own working relationship, with David Krumholtz and Michael Urie playing best friends and architects. One is straight. One is gay. Sophia Bush and Brandon Routh play their significant others. Industry legend James Burrows directed the pilot.
*** "Elementary" - Writer Rob Doherty offers the latest update on Sherlock Holmes, with Jonny Lee Miller playing the famous detective, now living in New York. Lucy Liu plays the Watson role.
*** "Golden Boy" - "Downton Abbey" favorite Theo James stars in this Nicholas Wootton-scripted drama about a single cop's rise up the NYPD ladder from detective all the way, eventually, to commissioner. The Greg Berlani pilot's supporting cast includes Holt McCallany, Chi McBride, Bonnie Somerville and Kevin Alejandro.
*** "Made in Jersey" - Formerly "Baby Big Shot," this drama stars Janet Montgomery as a working class woman who gets a job at a white collar NYC law firm. Stephanie March, Kyle MacLachlan, Donna Murphy and Pablo Schreiber co-star in the drama, which was created by Dana Calvo and will be run by Kevin Falls.
*** "Vegas" - Formerly "Ralph Lamb," this drama is set in the 1960s and focuses on cowboy-turned-sheriff Ralph Lamb (Dennis Quaid), who fought the mob in Las Vegas. The supporting cast includes Michael Chiklis, Jason O'Mara and Carrie-Anne Moss. The pilot was directed by James Mangold.
Anything sound promising?