text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 27, 2007
|Filing date
|May 24, 2001
|Priority date
|May 24, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bruce M. Schena
|Original Assignee
|Immersion Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (47), Non-Patent Citations (35), Referenced by (160), Classifications (27), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 60/206,929, filed May 24, 2000 by Bruce M. Schena, entitled, "Haptic Feedback Devices Using Electroactive Polymers," and which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The present invention relates generally to interface devices for allowing humans to interface with computer systems, and more particularly to low-cost computer interface devices that allow the user to provide input to computer systems and allow computer systems to provide haptic feedback to the user.
A user can interact with an environment displayed by a computer to perform functions and tasks on the computer, such as playing a game, experiencing a simulation or virtual reality environment, using a computer aided design system, operating a graphical user interface (GUI), navigate web pages, etc. Common human-computer interface devices used for such interaction include a mouse, joystick, trackball, gamepad, steering wheel, stylus, tablet, pressure-sensitive sphere, or the like, that is connected to the computer system controlling the displayed enviromnment. Typically, the computer updates the environment in response to the user's manipulation of a physical manipulandum such as a joystick handle or mouse. The computer senses the user's manipulation of the user object through sensors on the interface device that send locative signals to the computer. In other applications, interface devices such as remote controls allow a user to interface with the functions of an electronic device or appliance.
In some interface devices, force (kinesthetic) feedback and/or tactile feedback is also provided to the user, more generally known collectively herein as "haptic feedback." These types of interface devices can provide physical sensations which are felt by the user manipulating a user manipulandum of the interface device, such as a joystick handle, mouse, wheel, etc. One or more motors or other actuators are coupled to the manipulandum and are connected to the controlling computer system. The computer controls forces on the manipulandum and/or device housing in conjunction and coordinated with displayed events and interactions by sending control signals or commands to the actuators. The computer system can thus convey physical force sensations to the user in conjunction with other supplied feedback as the user is grasping or contacting the interface device or manipulatable object of the interface device.
One problem with current haptic feedback controllers in the home consumer market is the high manufacturing cost of such devices, which makes the devices expensive for the consumer. A large part of this manufacturing expense is due to the inclusion of complex and multiple actuators and corresponding control electronics in the haptic feedback device. In addition, high quality mechanical and force transmission components such as linkages and bearings further add to the cost of the device. Some low cost haptic devices exist, but are highly limited in their ability to output haptic sensations.
A need therefore exists for a haptic feedback device that is lower in cost to manufacture yet offers the user compelling haptic feedback to enhance the interaction with computer applications.
The present invention is directed toward providing haptic feedback in an interface device using electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators, which can provide haptic sensations more efficiently and at lower cost than many existing technologies for haptic devices.
More particularly, a haptic feedback interface device of the present invention is in communication with a host computer implementing a host application program and is manipulated by a user. The interface device includes a sensor device that detects the manipulation of the interface device by the user and outputs sensor signals representative of the manipulation, and an electroactive polymer actuator responsive to input signals and operative to output a force to the user caused by motion of the actuator. The output force provides a haptic sensation to the user. The interface device may also include a device housing that is physically contacted by the user. In some embodiments, the force and haptic sensation can be correlated with an event or interaction implemented by the host computer.
Various embodiments of interface devices employing EAP actuators are described. The force output by the electroactive polymer actuator can be an inertial force that is caused by moving an inertial mass. The force output by the electroactive polymer actuator can be a rotary force, a linear force, or a force caused by bending of the EAP element or area expansion of the EAP element. The electroactive polymer actuator can move a button on the interface device to output the force to the user, or the actuator can move one or more portions of the device housing. The EAP actuator can also move an element acting as a brake shoe against a moving part of the interface device to cause a resistance to the moving part, such as an axle for a wheel, a medical tool, a disc, or other part. The EAP actuator can provide haptic sensations for a rotating wheel on said interface device, a trackpoint controller, a rotating knob, a rotating sphere, a stylus, or other manipulandums. One or more (e.g. an array) electroactive polymer actuators can also be used to move members directly into contact or in shear with skin of the user to provide tactile sensations. A method similarly provides EAP actuators in haptic sensation output.
In other aspects of the present invention, a haptic feedback interface device in communication with a host computer includes a device housing that is physically contacted by said user and an electroactive polymer (EAP) element that is able to detect a manipulation of a manipulandum of the interface device by the user and output sensor signals representative of the manipulation, as well as output a force to the user in response to an input signal, the force caused on motion of the EAP element and providing a haptic sensation to the user. The EAP element can detect contact of the user with the manipulandum, or detect an amount of pressure on the EAP element caused by the user.
The present invention advantageously provides tactile feedback sensations for a tactile feedback device using electroactive polymer actuators. These actuators have several advantages, including high energy density, rapid response time, customizability in shape and performance characteristics, compactness, easy controllability, low power consumption, high force output and deflections/amount of motion, natural stiffness, sensing and actuation functions, relatively low raw materials cost, and relatively inexpensive manufacturing cost, making them desirable for haptic feedback and sensing devices.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the following specification of the invention and a study of the several figures of the drawing.
Host computer system 14 preferably includes a host microprocessor 100, a clock 102, a display screen 26, and an audio output device 104. The host computer also includes other well known components, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and input/output (I/O) electronics (not shown).
Host computer 14 can be a personal computer or workstation and may operate under any well-known operating system. Alternatively, host computer system 14 can be one of a variety of home video game console systems commonly connected to a television set or other display, such as systems available from Nintendo, Sega, Sony, or Microsoft. In other embodiments, host computer system 14 can be a "set top box" which can be used, for example, to provide interactive television functions to users, or a "network-" or "internet-computer" which allows users to interact with a local or global network using standard connections and protocols such as used for the Internet and World Wide Web. In other implementations, the host computer can be an appliance or electronic device, vehicle computer, etc.
Host computer 14 preferably implements a host application program with which a user is interacting via interface device 12 which includes haptic feedback functionality. For example, the host application program can be a video game, word processor or spreadsheet, Web page or browser that implements HTML or VRML instructions, scientific analysis program, virtual reality training program or application, or other application program that utilizes input of mouse 12 and outputs force feedback commands to the device 12. Herein, for simplicity, operating systems such as Windows™, MS-DOS, MacOS, Linux, Be, etc. are also referred to as "application programs." Herein, computer 14 may be referred as providing a "graphical environment,", which can be a graphical user interface, game, simulation, or other visual environment. The computer displays "graphical objects" or "computer objects," which are not physical objects, but are logical software unit collections of data and/or procedures that may be displayed as images by computer 14 on display screen 26, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable software drivers which interface such software with computer input/output (I/O) devices are available from Immersion Corporation of San Jose, Calif.
Display device 26 can be included in host computer 14 and can be a standard display screen (LCD, CRT, flat panel, etc.), 3-D goggles, or any other visual output device. Typically, the host application provides images to be displayed on display device 26 and/or other feedback, such as auditory signals. Audio output device 104, such as speakers, is preferably coupled to host microprocessor 100 via amplifiers, filters, and other circuitry well known to those skilled in the art and provides sound output to user when an "audio event" occurs during the implementation of the host application program. Other types of peripherals can also be coupled to host processor 100, such as storage devices (hard disk drive, CD ROM drive, floppy disk drive, etc.), printers, and other input and output devices.
Interface device 12 is coupled to the computer 14 by a bus 20, which communicates signals between device 12 and computer 14 and may also, in some embodiments, provide power to the device 12. In other embodiments, signals can be sent between device 12 and computer 14 by wireless transmission/reception. In some embodiments, the power for the actuator can be supplemented or solely supplied by a power storage device provided on the device, such as a capacitor or one or more batteries. The bus 20 is preferably bidirectional to send signals in either direction between host 14 and device 12. Bus 20 can be a serial interface bus, such as an RS232 serial interface, RS-422, Universal Serial Bus (USB), MIDI, or other protocols well known to those skilled in the art; or a parallel bus or wireless link.
Device 12 can include a local microprocessor 110. Local microprocessor 110 can optionally be included within the housing of device 12 to allow efficient communication with other components of the device. Processor 110 is considered local to device 12, where "local" herein refers to processor 110 being a separate microprocessor from any processors in host computer system 14. "Local" also preferably refers to processor 110 being dedicated to haptic feedback and sensor I/O of device 12. Microprocessor 110 can be provided with software instructions (e.g., firmware) to wait for commands or requests from computer host 14, decode the command or request, and handle/control input and output signals according to the command or request. In addition, processor 110 can operate independently of host computer 14 by reading sensor signals and calculating appropriate forces from those sensor signals, time signals, and stored or relayed instructions selected in accordance with a host command. Suitable microprocessors for use as local microprocessor 110 include lower-end microprocessors as well as more sophisticated force feedback processors such as the Immersion Touchsense Processor. Microprocessor 110 can include one microprocessor chip, multiple processors and/or coprocessor chips, and/or digital signal processor (DSP) capability.
Microprocessor 110 can receive signals from sensor 112 and provide signals to actuator 18 in accordance with instructions provided by host computer 14 over bus 20. For example, in a local control embodiment, host computer 14 provides high level supervisory commands to microprocessor 110 over bus 20, and microprocessor 110 decodes the commands and manages low level force control loops to sensors and the actuator in accordance with the high level commands and independently of the host computer 14. This operation is described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,739,811 and 5,734,373, both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In the host control loop, force commands are output from the host computer to microprocessor 110 and instruct the microprocessor to output a force or force sensation having specified characteristics. The local microprocessor 110 reports data to the host computer, such as locative data that describes the position of the device in one or more provided degrees of freedom. The data can also describe the states of buttons, switches, etc. The host computer uses the locative data to update executed programs. In the local control loop, actuator signals are provided from the microprocessor 110 to an actuator 18 and sensor signals are provided from the sensor 112 and other input devices 118 to the microprocessor 110. Herein, the term "tactile sensation" refers to either a single force or a sequence of forces output by the actuator 18 which provide a sensation to the user. For example, vibrations, a single jolt, or a texture sensation are all considered tactile sensations. The microprocessor 110 can process inputted sensor signals to determine appropriate output actuator signals by following stored instructions. The microprocessor may use sensor signals in the local determination of forces to be output on the user object, as well as reporting locative data derived from the sensor signals to the host computer.
In yet other embodiments, other hardware can be provided locally to device 12 to provide functionality similar to microprocessor 110. For example, a hardware state machine incorporating fixed logic can be used to provide signals to the actuator 18 and receive sensor signals from sensors 112, and to output tactile signals.
In a different, host-controlled embodiment, host computer 14 can provide low-level force commands over bus 20, which are directly transmitted to the actuator 18 via microprocessor 110 or other circuitry. Host computer 14 thus directly controls and processes all signals to and from the device 12, e.g. the host computer directly controls the forces output by actuator 18 and directly receives sensor signals from sensor 112 and input devices 118. Other embodiments may employ a "hybrid" organization where some types of forces (e.g. closed loop effects) are controlled purely by the local microprocessor, while other types of effects (e.g., open loop effects) may be controlled by the host.
Local memory 122, such as RAM and/or ROM, is preferably coupled to microprocessor 110 in device 12 to store instructions for microprocessor 110 and store temporary and other data. In addition, a local clock 124 can be coupled to the microprocessor 110 to provide timing data, similar to system clock 102 of host computer 14.
Sensors 112 sense the position or motion of the device (e.g. the housing or a manipulandum) in degrees of freedom and provides signals to microprocessor 110 (or host 14) including information representative of the position or motion. Sensors suitable for detecting motion include digital optical encoders, other optical sensor systems, linear optical encoders, potentiometers, optical sensors, velocity sensors, acceleration sensors, strain gauge, or other types of sensors can also be used, and either relative or absolute sensors can be used. Optional sensor interface 114 can be used to convert sensor signals to signals that can be interpreted by the microprocessor 110 and/or host computer system 14, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
Actuator(s) 18 transmits forces to the housing, manipulandum, buttons, or other portion of the device in response to signals received from microprocessor 110 and/or host computer 14. Device 12 preferably includes one or more actuators which are operative to produce forces on the device 12 (or a component thereof) and haptic sensations to the user. The actuator(s) are electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators, which are described in greater detail below, and are "computer-controlled", e.g., the force output from the actuators is ultimately controlled by signals originating from a controller such as a microprocessor, ASIC, etc. Many types of additional actuators can be used in conjunction with the electroactive polymer actuators described herein, including a rotary DC motors, voice coil actuators, moving magnet actuators, pneumatic/hydraulic actuators, solenoids, speaker voice coils, piezoelectric actuators, passive actuators (brakes), etc. Actuator interface 116 can be optionally connected between actuator 18 and microprocessor 110 to convert signals from microprocessor 110 into signals appropriate to drive actuator 18. Interface 116 can include power amplifiers, switches, digital to analog controllers (DACs), analog to digital controllers (ADCs), and other components, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
In some of the implementations herein, the actuator has the ability to apply short duration force sensation on the housing or manipulandum of the device, or via moving an inertial mass. This short duration force sensation can be described as a "pulse." The "pulse" can be directed substantially along a particular direction in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the magnitude of the "pulse" can be controlled; the sense of the "pulse" can be controlled, either positive or negative biased; a "periodic force sensation" can be applied, where the periodic sensation can have a magnitude and a frequency, e.g. a sine wave; the periodic sensation can be selectable among a sine wave, square wave, saw-toothed-up wave, saw-toothed-down, and triangle wave; an envelope can be applied to the period signal, allowing for variation in magnitude over time. The wave forms can be "streamed" from the host to the device, as described in copending application Ser. No. 09/687,744, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, or can be conveyed through high level commands that include parameters such as magnitude, frequency, and duration.
Other input devices 118 can be included in device 12 and send input signals to microprocessor 110 or to host 14 when manipulated by the user. Such input devices include buttons, dials, switches, scroll wheels, knobs, or other controls or mechanisms. Power supply 120 can optionally be included in device 12 coupled to actuator interface 116 and/or actuator 18 to provide electrical power to the actuator, or be provided as a separate component. Alternatively, power can be drawn from a power supply separate from device 12, or power can be received across bus 20. Also, received power can be stored and regulated by device 12 and thus used when needed to drive actuator 18 or used in a supplementary fashion.
The interface device 12 can be any of a variety of types; some embodiments are described further below. For example, the device 12 can be a mouse device having planar degrees of freedom, in which the entire housing is moved. Alternatively, a manipulandum on the device, such as a joystick handle, a knob, a steering wheel, a trackball, etc., is moved by the user and tracked by sensors. Device 12 can also be a gamepad, joystick, steering wheel, stylus, touchpad, spherical controller, finger pad, knob, track ball, or other device, some embodiments of which are described below. Alternatively, a hand-held remote control device used to select functions of a television, video cassette recorder, sound stereo, internet or network computer (e.g., Web-TV™) can be used with the haptic feedback components described herein, or a cell phone, personal digital assistant, etc. The forces from the actuator(s) 18 can be applied to the housing of the device 12, and/or a movable manipulandum such as a joystick handle, steering wheel, knob, button, etc.
Electroactive polymers (EAP) are a class of polymers which can be formulated and/or processed to exhibit a wide range of physical, electrical, and electro-optical behaviors and properties.
When activated, such as by an applied voltage, EAP materials can undergo significant physical movement or deformations, typically referred to as electrostriction. These deformations can be along the length, width, thickness, radius, etc. of the material and in some cases can exceed 10% strain. Elastic strains of this magnitude are very unusual in common materials and even more unusual in that they can be fully controlled with the proper electronic systems. Materials in this class can be used to do useful work in a compact, easy to control, low power, fast, and potentially inexpensive package. They are often referred to as "electric muscles" because of these properties. These deformation properties can be used in the present invention to provide forces to a user in a haptic feedback device.
Many of the materials can also act as high quality sensors, particularly for time-varying (i.e. AC) signals. When mechanically deformed (e.g. by bending, pulling, etc.), most EAP materials develop differential voltages which can be electrically measured. This ability to essentially generate electric potential makes them promising as force, position, velocity, acceleration, pressure, etc. sensors in haptic feedback devices of the present invention. Many of these materials exhibit bi-directional behavior, and can act as either sensors or actuators, or act simultaneously as both sensors and actuators, depending on system design.
At present, there are four main classes of EAP, each with various advantages, disadvantages, and issues. The four classes, all included in the term "electroactive polymer" herein, are gels, ionic polymers (ionic polymer metal composites or IPMC), conducting polymers, and electrorestrictive polymers. Any of these types of EAP can be used in the present invention, although some types may be more appropriate for a particular application than other types. A variety of EAP structures are described in the papers, "High-field electrostriction of elastomeric polymer dielectrics for actuator," by Kombluh et al., "Electro-mechanics of iono-elastic beams as electrically-controllable artificial muscles," by M. Shahinpoor, "Polymer Electrolyte Actuator with Gold Electrodes," by K. Oguro et al., and "Microgripper design using electro-active polymers," by R. Lumia et al., all SPIE Conf. on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, SPIE Vol. 3669, 1999, all incorporated herein by reference.
In a majority of EAP materials, the actuation mechanism is based on the movement of ionic species either in or out of a polymer network. Currently, the most commercially viable of these is the electrostrictive polymer class.
Electrorestrictive polymers presently can be classified in two classes: dielectric and phase transition. Dielectric polymers are typically a sandwich construction of two electrically conductive (and compliant) electrodes with a dielectric polymer in between. At high electric fields (e.g., 100's to 1000's of volts), the attractive force of the electrodes squeezes the intervening dielectric such that significant motion (strain) is induced. i some cases, this strain can be greater than 50%.
Phase transition electrorestrictive materials also exhibit high strain (deformation) in the presence of electric fields, but the mechanism is a ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transformation at the molecular chain level. One example of these materials has been developed by Q. M. Zhang et al. and is electron-irradiated polyvinelidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer, described in the paper, "Electromechanical Behavior of Electroactive P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymers", SPIE Conf. on Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, SPIE Vol. 3669, 1999, and incorporated herein by reference. When processed, P(VDF-TrFE) exhibits exceptional strain (>10% in some cases), extreme energy density (Joules/cm3), and high physical stiffness (elastic modulus). It is proposed that this class of materials exhibits energy densities exceeding that of traditional piezoceramics (PZT) and magnetorestrictive materials. Therefore, as described for the present invention, P(VDF-TrFE) may be nearly ideal actuator material, including intrinsic sensing capabilities, for haptic devices.
EAP materials are often derivatives of existing polymers and therefore share common processing steps with these existing products. This commonality makes EAP materials potentially economical to produce in large volume and provides repeatable quality standards. For haptic device applications, EAP materials (particularly P(VDF-TrFE)) have many potential advantages over conventional sensing and actuation methods. For example, the EAP materials have high energy density, rapid response time, customizability (shape and performance characteristics), compactness, easy controllability, low power consumption, high force output and deflections/amount of motion, natural stiffness, both sensing and actuation functions, relatively low raw materials cost, and relatively inexpensive manufacturing cost.
EAP actuators and sensors can be configured in several different ways. Some of these configurations are described below.
Bending: A sandwich/layered "bimorph" structure can be provided which can generate single-axis displacements or forces in two directions. For example,
Linear motion:
Multiple degrees of freedom:
Area expansion:
Axial motion:
Diaphragm: Thin diaphragms can use planar expansion to generate in-plane or out-of-plane deflections, closing of apertures, etc.
Haptic Device Embodiments
The major classes of use contemplated for EAP actuators and sensors in haptic devices are inertial vibration actuators, linear actuators, rotational actuators, brakes, and miscellaneous uses. Many of these classes are described below in the provided example embodiments of haptic devices of the present invention.
It should be noted that the EAP actuators described in the below embodiments can be controlled by a local microprocessor in accordance with firmware and/or host computer commands or signals, or a host computer can directly control the actuator(s).
Three general types of haptic feedback are described in relation to the mouse embodiment 250; other types are also possible, and all may be implemented with other types of haptic feedback devices (joysticks, trackballs, steering wheels, laptop sensor pads, etc.). The three general types are button haptic feedback, inertial haptic feedback, and housing motion haptic feedback.
In the top plan view of
Another general type of haptic feedback is inertial feedback, which involves moving a mass with respect to an inertial ground such that the oscillations are conveyed to the user as vibrations or pulses. Inertial haptic feedback can be provided using EAP actuators of the present invention.
Housing motion haptic feedback is another general type of haptic feedback and can also be output according to the present invention using one or more EAP actuators.
Ball haptic feedback provides haptic forces acting on a ball, such as a trackball device, a ball used in a sensor mechanism in a mouse device, or other frictional movement device, to output haptic feedback in the degrees of freedom of motion of the interface device. For example, as shown in
Some embodiments of the interface device 12 can include a wheel, such as mouse wheel 254 shown in
Other interface devices 12 can be provided with haptic feedback using EAP actuators. For example, in
Tactile arrays are multiple vertical "pins" that form a plane of contact perpendicular to the orientation of the pins at the pin's contact surfaces. The contact surfaces of the pins are contacted by a user's fingers or palm. Each pin can be individually moved perpendicularly to the pin's lengthwise axis, such that collectively the pins can be moved to convey different tactile sensations to the user.
EAP actuators can be used to provide specific forces in particular applications. For example,
Trigger devices can also make use of EAP actuators.
A stylus-shaped interface device can also be provided with an EAP actuator to produce haptic feedback to the user of the stylus. A stylus can be used to point to or select objects on a screen, or draw or write lines by contacting the stylus with a tablet or with a display screen surface, e.g. on Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's), touch screens, graphics tablets, laptop computers, etc. For example,
Other features of a stylus can also be actuated using EAP actuators. In
Other devices can also be used with EAP actuators. For example, as shown in
EAP actuators as disclosed herein can also be used on other types of controllers. For example,
Other types of interface devices can employ EAP actuators, such as touchpads on laptop computers, PDA and game device screens used with styluses or fingers, etc., where haptic sensations are output directly on the touchpad or screen. For example, the touchscreens and touchpads disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 09/487,737, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, can be coupled to bending, inertial shaker, or linearly-moving EAP actuators as disclosed herein rather than, for example, piezoelectric actuators. Tactile computer keyboards and keypads (as disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 09/570,361, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), direction pads on gamepads (as disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 09/467,309, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), and other interface devices may be used with the EAP actuators according to the present invention.
While this invention has been described in terms of several preferred embodiments, it is contemplated that alterations, permutations and equivalents thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the specification and study of the drawings. For example, many different types of haptic sensations can be provided with the actuators of the present invention. Furthermore, certain terminology has been used for the purposes of descriptive clarity, and not to limit the present invention.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 9, 2001
Owner name: IMMERSION CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHENA, BRUCE M.;REEL/FRAME:012247/0713
Effective date: 20011001
|Oct 16, 2007
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 27, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 29, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Here we are going to take a look at a common problem in digital capture, which is called clipping, and we are going to explore how we can correct clipping. Now, what clipping is, is when you have an area of your picture where you have loss of detail. This happens typically in the highlights or in the shadows of your photographs. You can turn on clipping indicators in the Develop module by clicking on the triangle icons here in the Histogram, that will then turn those on, and show us that we have clipping here in this area of the image.
We can also toggle that indicator on and off by pressing the J key; that will turn that on and off. So what's the big deal? What's the problem with clipping? Well, this is telling me that I don't have any detail in this area of the picture. This isn't going to print very well. I'm not going to be able to send this to the printer and get a very good image. So I want to bring this value down, so that I have detail in that region. Well in order to do that, we could use our Highlights, and our Whites controls here.
Well you remember that your Whites, well that's the upper reach. So you maybe thinking, well in the previous version of Lightroom, what I could do is I could recover the highlights with that Recovery slider; with the top slider. Well this Whites slider, it will do a lot of that. It will take down those highlights. We can see how that's working up there in the Histogram; just really bringing those values down. Yet the problem is, it's not reaching far enough. What we need to do is almost push over this whole histogram to the left a little bit more. Well, here is where the power of the latest version of Lightroom really comes into play.
We can use this Highlights slider, and what that will do is it will just push everything over. Notice that as I brought that down, it completely recovered those highlights, so now those are good to go. But what about the shadow side of things? Well here, let's increase our Contrast a little bit, so that we have a little bit nicer look with this picture. And let's also increase the Exposure, and let's watch out for clipping. If we go too far, we will see we will bring in clipping, so we don't want that to happen. We will just bring it up just a touch there.
We have a little bit of clipping on those edges, which I might want to bring down with the Highlights control. In other words, as you move one adjustment, you may have to go back to a previous adjustment in order to correct it. Okay, well on to the Shadows. Well, we have these two controls: Shadows, and Blacks. Let's take a look at what will happen if we deepen our Blacks. Well, if we deepen those, we will lose detail in this region of the picture. Let's reset that by double-clicking it, and taking it back to zero.
Well what about Shadows? Well same thing; if I drag this down, you are going to notice that I will have clipping. Yet, you will notice here that in this case, it's trying to really focus on this area, and not as dramatically hit those deeper darker tones. So I do still have detail in this area of the picture. Hover over it, and you can read your R, G, B values up here. You notice that I still have about 3% of detail there in that region. So what you can do with your Shadows and your Blacks is you can bring these values down until you have clipping, which isn't going to be desirable.
What I mean by that is, sometimes it's okay to clip detail; sometimes it's okay to have no detail in certain types of shadows. There are photographers, for that matter, who have defined their style by clipping the detail in their shadows. The Highlights, on the other hand, well those are a little bit more problematic. But you can see that by turning on these indicators, we can start to make adjustments which have a little bit of objectivity to them. Rather than just tweaking those sliders, and making the image look good to our eye, we can kind of watch the clipping indicators in order to come up with the best adjustment for our photographs.
Now here, let's look at the before and after. We can do that by pressing the good old Backslash key. Here is before, and then here is after. Now if the clipping indicator is a little bit distracting, you can turn that off. You can do that by simply clicking on these icons here. Now let's look at before and after again. Here is before, and then here is after. We have a nicer tonal range, a little bit more contrast, a little bit more density in this picture; well it looks pretty good. All right! Well the last thing I want to do with this picture is, this one needs a little bit of added clarity.
This will deal with our color issue, and just make the image look really nice. Now, we haven't talked about Clarity yet, and we will be hitting that topic a little bit later, but for here, I think it suffices to say that it could use a little bit of that clarity. Take a look at this: here is our before, and then after. It just gives the image that kind of nice, finished look to it. Here in conclusion, what we have been working with here is looking at how we can use those Tone controls in order to prevent or to correct clipping.
- Improving tone, color, and contrast with the Basic panel
- Adjusting hue, saturation, and lightness with the HSL controls
- Performing local edits using the adjustment brush
- Converting to black and white
- Split toning to create a sepia tone
- Understanding sharpening
- Correcting distortion
- Removing chromatic aberration
- Adding or correcting vignettes
- Using the post-crop controls
- Adding film grain effects
- Understanding camera calibration in Lightroom


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People often read travel books of places of either exotic places they want to visit, or of a beloved travel destination. I would think that a travel book of a destination that most people don't ever want to visit wouldn't exactly be very engaging. Guy Delisle proves me wrong.Delisle is a French Canadian whose work in animation has taken him to some interesting and not so interesting places. Two of these locations have become novel length graphic novels. Delisle has a knack for taking the ridiculous and mundane and making them funny and smart.Pyongyang chronicles Delisle's stay in North Korea that extends over several months for his job. The charcoal drawings reflect the drab and sterile city. Delisle tries to get to know the residents, but is often thwarted by his guide, translator and driver, with whom Delisle isn't to be without. He is taken to some creepy (and sometimes funny) monuments to the Eternal President. The insights and details are surprising and delightful. Even if you aren't the least curious about North Korea, I would still recommend this title.
As the weather turns cold and blustery and sunset comes earlier and earlier there's nothing better than to curl up with a good book.Next Sunday, we'll have our annual holiday tea. Amal will bring her delicious cake and the Friends of the Library will provide lovely desserts and fruit as well as hot drinks. But the best ingredient is YOU!Please come and share the titles of books that you have enjoyed this year and with your ideas for new Books Plus programs in 2012. We will also have lists of recommended books for 2011.
Following in her mother's footsteps, Caroline Kennedy has always had a passion for books and literature. After being first lady, Jackie Onassis edited books on art and culture, but she also had a great love for poetry.Caroline's latest anthology She Walks in Beauty: a Woman's Journey through POEMS is a collection geared more for women than for men, although the poems themselves are written by both sexes.The book includes very large sections on "Marriage" and "Growing Up and Growing Old" as well as sections on "Love" in all its aspects--falling, making, and breaking up. She also has gathered poems on "Work," "Friendship," and "Beauty, Clothes, and Things of This World." Two of my favorite sections are somewhat unexpected; they include "Silence and Solitude" and "How to Live." The latter compendium does what poetry does best, shows us what elements are truly important in our lives.
While most books about the Arctic or Antarctic focus on just one thing--the indomitable quest to reach one of the poles--this book has a much broader canvas--it covers the equally arduous work of making new scientific discoveries during the age of great polar exploration.This broader canvas allows the reader to learn about biological, geological, and meteorological phenomena but also about the cost of empire. England sponsored many of these expeditions while this country held political dominion over one quarter of the world. And as the twentieth century dawned, political power was changing rapidly. Britain had lost face in the Boer Wars in Africa and needed heroism and success to bolster its image abroad and its people's faith in the government and military as Germany, France, and the United States were becoming arch competitors.But the book is mostly about science and adventure under the most brutal conditions. At one point Scott and Shackleton dock near an ice floe and decide it's time to use a hot-air balloon to get a better view of the landscape ahead. In this totally unpeopled land, Scott rides up into the air and views the vast white expanse. For most of us, such a view would provoke sheer terror. And Scott himself was a little nervous in the little bamboo basket. I kept thinking, what if he falls out.
In a world of massive amounts of information, I am a sucker for top ten or best-of lists. I appreciate when someone else condenses something into a short and sweet list, something easy to scan and hopefully points you in the right direction.November brings the earliest end-of-the-year best-of lists and both Amazon and Publisher's Weekly are some of the first to announce their top ten books of the year. Maybe not too shockingly, Amazon's list is pretty predictable with a lot of best sellers, or other books that got a lot of buzz, including debut-darling Téa Obreht, Erik Larson, and the new Steve Jobs bio.
Forget the bland title, the latest Best American Nonrequired Reading presents a fresh, amusing, and wide-ranging compendium of last year's best nonfiction and fiction.It's not just the writing that is fresh but the kinds of content that editor Dave Eggers chose to include are both imaginative and often cutting edge including such categories as: Best American Band Names, Best American Ominous Place Names, Best American Call of Duty Handles, Best Wikileaks Revelations, and Best American Commune Names. The reader senses not only a vibrant sense of humor (see Best American Categories that Got Cut) but someone behind the scenes who is curious, wide-reading, and always eager to learn something new. Also, someone with a great sense of humor.
As the leaves turn bright orange and the cold weather returns, it feels great to curl up with a good book. Why not transport yourself back to Italy during World War II with James McBride's Miracle at St. Anna? Join us for a book discussion this coming Sunday. Also, the MCPL Friends of the Library will be hosting "An Evening with James McBride" on November 12th. If you can come to both events, that would be great. If not, we hope to see you at our Books Plus talk. McBride, who also wrote the best-selling memoir The Color of Water about growing up in a mixed-race family, is also a jazz musician. Miracle of St. Anna tells the story of a soldier in the 92nd all-black Buffalo Division during World War II. Four of these GIs take care of a traumatized Italian boy. The book examines issues of race, war, and evil as well as the nature of love and caring.For more details of this and future programs, please see below.Books Plus meets the first Sunday of each month. All are welcome. Join the discussion or simply come to listen.2 p.m., First Sundays
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Monroe County Public Library | 303 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47408 | (812) 349-3050


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Sew Vintage's Profile
I am an artist who loves all things vintage! I have been collecting vintage sewing patterns for over 10 years and they have brought me much pleasure, conversation, and inspiration. My favorite styles come from the 1940's and '50's, and the late 1960's to mid 1970's. I am a sucker for anything with details like embroidery, unusual lines or cuts, or dramatic designs.
I hope you enjoy looking through my collection and draw some inspiration from the great fashions of yesteryear.
Curious about who the heck I am? Visit my web page to see my own artwork and passions. www.candywilson.com
Visit my supply shop for everything you need for your projects!
Looking for something special for that special someone? Take a peek at my other Etsy…
- Female
- Born on October 1
- Joined August 14, 2010
Favorite materials
- Sew Vintage
- Boise, ID, United States


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Recruitment Events
There is so much for you to see and experience at Cloud County Community College! We host a number of events that will provide you with an opportunity to learn about Cloud County Community College.
Upcoming Recruitment Events
April 7, 2016 - High school juniors will have the opportunity to get campus tours and visit with instructors in program areas of interest.
2016 Freshmen Enrollment Days
If you'll be a Freshman at Cloud in Fall 2016, you'll need to attend one of these enrollment days. You'll get enrolled in classes and get all the information you need to be ready to step foot on campus in August!
Individual Campus Visits - If you do not feel comfortable attending a large admissions event, individual campus visits are available as well. On this visit, get a one-on-one specialized campus tour, meet with faculty and staff, and get an opportunity to ask the questions you want to ask.


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Friday, November 2, 2012
Blazer Love
20 comments:
I am loving the rose gold sequin one! Have a great weekend Lauren!ReplyDelete
Five Minute Style
Gah - I want them all! I am such a sucker for blazers...never met one I didn't like! :)ReplyDelete
Can I have one of all of these? I LOVE blazers, great selection! Love the gold sequin one especially :) Happy Weekend!!ReplyDelete
The Style Storm
xo, Christina
We are totally on the same page! I was just admiring Emmanuelle Alt's style and thought I need more blazers. Love the burgundy and the black ones, and how fun is the sparkly gold?ReplyDelete
I'm obsessed with the Becky jacket- I bought one from Anthro that was similar and less expensive- I LOVE it and wear it all the time. It is Nordstrom Half- yearly time-- might have to blazer stalk some of these.ReplyDelete
Ohhhh, I just love blazers! I bought a black and white striped one recently... my boss said I looked like a referee, but I think it's amazing! ;)ReplyDelete
Right now, my current obsession is leather jackets....Check this one out:
love the zara leather blazer I was just eyeing that on the website!ReplyDelete
I will be blazing my way to ZARA any day now to pick one up!!ReplyDelete
P.S. I'd really love any feedback you may have for my blog, as it is relatively new! Comments, suggestions, advice are always welcome and encouraged! And if you like my blog and want to follow via Google Friend Connect or Bloglovin', be sure to do so, and I'd love to follow back!!
I WISH that I could wear sequins without them ripping half of my hair out. :(ReplyDelete
Blazers make me so stinking happy!! These are great choices!!ReplyDelete
I actually love the whole of the top row - rose gold sequins are very tempting!ReplyDelete
Luxx Mint
I also love the becky blazer from Rebecca Minkoff but can't splurge on that just yet... unfortunately. I do LOVE that black zara blazer with the faux leather sleeves though. Amazing. Hope you had a nice weekend!ReplyDelete
Love the 1st glittery one!!ReplyDelete
blazers are my uniform!ReplyDelete
xoxo navy & orange
I love blazers, but unfortunately they make me look like a linebacker. Either way, this is a great selection. I especially love the first three.ReplyDelete
Blazers are such a wonderful wardrobe staple! They instantly pull together any outfit, and always look classy and polished. I'm really smitten with the Elizabeth and James number!ReplyDelete
xx Ivana
Macarons and Pearls
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André Leon Talley Shuns Athletic Risks, Embraces Sitting in One Place for Four Hours
Sitting is the new water skiing!By Bennett Marcus
Sitting is the new water skiing!By Bennett Marcus
See a montage of ALT, DVF, Tyra, and girls who cry a lot.By Amy Odell
Time to check in on one of our favorite 'Vogue' editors!By Amy Odell
She was sandwiched between Anna and ALT.By The Fug Girls
'The world is so fragmented with so many different kinds of influences that are not wholesome. I'm particularly thinking of 'Housewives' shows.'By Matt McCue
Also, see André Leon Talley in the suit he wore to the Chanel lunch yesterday.
See the dream team take on a new crop of hopefuls when 'ANTM' returns to the CW tonight.By Sally Holmes
Overall, people agreed that every penny they spent was well worth it.By Amy Odell
See pics from the largest fashion show in NYC history!By Amy Odell
The 'Vogue' editor and 'ANTM' judge discusses Fashion's Night Out: The Show, the sad state of red-carpet style, and his return to the tennis court.By Lauren Murrow
Including exclusive Louboutins, 24-karat-gold-topped cookies, Karl Lagerfeld self-portraits, and more!By Lauren Murrow
Alessandra Ambrosio, Gisele Bündchen, Naomi Campbell, and more than 100 other top models will walk.By Caitlin Petreycik
And that's only the beginning of the full week of FNO excitement.By Amy Odell
Also, DVF, Zac Posen, Patrick Demarchelier, and more!By Amy Odell
Eighteen can't-miss spots for shopping, drinking, elbow-rubbing, and generally proving to your Midwestern friends how cool New York is.By Caitlin Petreycik
Dov Charney invited him over, so he went.By Amy Odell
Also, check out Dolce & Gabbana's sexy new men's campaign.
He also claims he once saw André Leon Talley getting fed grapes and cheese cubes.By Amy Odell
André Leon Talley got the gossip at a party.By Amy Odell
She probably owes André Leon Talley one.By Amy Odell


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Campus Food:
It's really quite delicious. Good ingredients. need better sourced meat
Campus Food:
Although I was getting sick of it by the end, for college dining it's pretty good. Especially as a vegetarian, it's nice to be able to eat the majority of the food served, and always have the option for a salad if I'm not in the mood for other foods. Plus it's free. Atwater for lunch is the best, and if you can sneak into the dinners (just pretend you're in whatever club they're hosting it for, you'll rarely get caught) it's really good.My complaints would be that they don't have a great variety of fruits, dining halls close way too early, and that they literally do not season the food. I mean I know my college is a PWI but is a bit of pepper too much to ask for?
Campus Food:
For a college I don't think you can get any better than Midd. The food is great and there are so many on-campus options! Midd is also very conscious about buying from local vendors. If you are health conscious or have a food allergy you have nothing to worry about! Just beware of Proctor lady! Atwater undeniably has the delicious food if you're willing to wait in line for it. There's also two cafes, a grille, and a sushi bar on campus. Oh and the ice cream is local too!
Campus Food:
There are three dining halls on campus. Two, Proctor and Ross, are open everyday and located conveniently near the center of campus. The nicest one, Atwater, is open only for lunch, Monday through Friday, and can be found at the corner of campus. The hours for Ross and Proctor are not very convenient. The halls open each day at 7, closed between 2-4p, and then closed at 8p. As an international student from Spain, this is a very difficult schedule to follow. I am accustomed to eating lunch between 2 and 4p and dinner between 9 and 10p. In addition, the course and sports schedules make it difficult to get lunch and dinner while the halls are open. I often miss meals, and not by choice. The food itself is not great. Everyone knows to avoid certain days and certain foods at Proctor, thus the lines at Ross are consistently massive. It is not uncommon to wait an hour in line for dinner at Ross dining hall. I have spent a lot of time at a number of other similar colleges and universities, and I am overall thoroughly disappointed with the food and dining at Middlebury.
Campus Food:
It used to be awesome. Churros and quesadillas for midnight breakfast way back in 2006. Last time I had midnight breakfast, it consisted of cold donuts. But, Proctor paninis are super clutch.
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Students mostly agree that the dining hall food at Middlebury is better than average. Fresh sandwiches, soups, salads, and pizza are always an option, while lunch and dinner menus can feature anything from fried catfish to London broil, in addition to a multitude of vegetarian options. On weekends, students especially enjoy eating made-to-order eggs for brunch. For those who have dietary restrictions or allergies, the dining hall staff is extremely accommodating. Although some feel that the menus can get repetitive, the only other complaint about dining at Middlebury seems to be the lack of late-night food options. The best part about dining at Middlebury is that meals are included in the comprehensive fee. All students can eat as much as they want in any of the dining halls and go as often as they would like. Food can be taken out with "go" containers, and students are always running into the dining halls to grab coffee, some fresh fruit, or ice cream before their next class.
After recent improvements were made in the past couple of years to Ross and Proctor dining halls, Middlebury reopened Atwater Hall for breakfast and lunch during the fall of 2011. Language tables take place in Redfield Proctor Dining room, upstairs in Proctor. Also, Middlebury's "go" containers are available for a small fee. These reusable bowls with lids are to be used to take food out of the dining hall, and students can trade them in for clean ones the next time they go back.
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text: Giugiaro Brivido hybrid coupe concept (Martial Trezzini/AP) Geneva Auto Show In pictures: Globe Drive's top picks from Geneva Add to ... JEREMY CATO The Globe and Mail Published Friday, Mar. 09, 2012 2:44PM EST Last updated Friday, Mar. 09, 2012 3:40PM EST Comments AA Here's a look at some of the more interesting models that caught our eye in Geneva. More Related to this Story GTA Spano Giugiaro Brivido hybrid coupe concept Nissan Invitation concept


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Related quotes
"Only as high as I reach can I grow, only as far as I seek can I go, only as deep as I look can I see, only as much as I dream can I be."
"If you arre as happy in entering the White House as I shall feel on returning to Wheatland, you are a happy man indeed."
"From where you sit, the White House may look as untidy as the inside of a stomach. As is said of the legislative process, sausage-making and policy-making shouldn't be seen close-up. Don't let that panic you. Things may be going better than they look from the inside."


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Tag Archives: Disney
Newsies Goes National
Today brings both good and bad news. Go grab a tissue, because the bad news is first. Got one? OK. … More »
Posted in News Tagged Aaron Albano, Broadway, Disney, Jeremy Jordan, musical theater, National tour, Newsies, Ryan Steele 1 Comment
Photo Gallery: Aladdin Unveiled
Posted in Photo Galleries Tagged Aladdin, Broadway, Disney, musical theater, swings Leave a comment
5 Reasons to See Aladdin on Broadway
Confession: When I found out Aladdin was coming to Broadway, I was completely uninterested. With the exception of the ever-brilliant … More »
Posted in News Tagged Adam Jacobs, Aladdin, Broadway, Casey Nicholaw, Disney, James Monroe Iglehart, Musical, Newsies Leave a comment
We Want To Put This Video on "Replay"
Remember when "American Idol" finalist Todrick Hall made Halloween extra fabulous with his Chicago-meets-Disney mashup "Spell Block Tango"? Well, thanks to … More »
Posted in News Tagged "Replay", Disney, Oh My Disney, Shake It Up, Zendaya Coleman Leave a comment
Roshon Fegan on the End of "Shake It Up"
At Dance Spirit, we say there's no such thing as too many dance-y TV shows! But sadly, we'll have to … More »
Posted in News Tagged Disney, Finale, Interview, Q and A, Roshon Fegan, Shake It Up Leave a comment
Get Excited for Aladdin on Broadway
Aladdin is coming to Broadway!! I don't think I've been this excited for a new musical since….well, I don't think … More »


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Empire Hotel Llandudno
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How has this hotel rated in the past?
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Historical Traveler Reviews Empire Hotel Llandudno
Poor Cutomer Service
I was disappointed with my stay at this hotel. After being offered an budget room or standard room, I booked a standard room. Although the room its self was satisfactory I did not anticipate being able to hear all the goings on from the kitchen and the extractor fan and this was in the early eveing (and did not want to wait for an early wake up call from this noise).When I enquired about being moved I was told there would be a charge, now having paid for a standard not a budget room I did not feel I should have too. Hours later and becoming more and more upset over the situation I enquired again, the manager over heared my conversation and was kind enough to move us to a delightful room and all was well......... that is until I checked out and found I was charged for the new room for both nights.I did not take this matter up with the hotel as not to appear like I was after a better room to begin with, and the receptionist had already made a sarcastic remark about moving on the first night - but it was the principle that I could have booked and paid for a budget if that is what I had wanted! especially as the stay was a present for my mum.I would advise you if you are staying there to make sure you dont get room 12 (twin) over the kitchen and maybe ask for their definition of standard v's budget when you book, as the whole experience ruined my stay especially the first night not being able to settle and I shall ceratinly not stay there again!
A great break
I have just returned with my partner from the excellent empire hotel, the hotel was in a good location (a beautiful seaside town), excellent rooms, lovely food and the service for the evening meal and breakfast was first class. A lovely relaxing two days.
Stylish but relaxed and comfortable with owner invovement
My wife and I use hotels fairly frequently and have no hesitation in saying that the Empire Llandudno is consistantly one of the very best.
The owner's attention to detail and overall involvement are the most important factors in its ever constant high standard which has been maintained over many years. Congratulations on running such a successful business!
I just love this Hotel!
My husband and I have stayed at this fantastic hotel several times and have found all the staff extremely friendly.
The food is excellent and the rooms are exquisite.
Renewed and refreshed!
This is an hotel truly meriting its awards by the Welsh Tourist Board and the AA. We took a short break (long weekend) and were on holiday from the word Go! Empire Hotel admin. geared to giving tourists a really refreshing makeover through their thoughtful provision and cheeriness of staff. Room comfortable, food wonderful and swimming pool a boon! Hotel coffee lounge provides view of sea. A memorable stay with plans to return!
Great Hotel but the staff are most unfriendly
I found the hotel to be very nice and the room s were lovely however, the staff were most unfriendly and unhelpful. We only came accross two pleasent staff, one was a blonde, older waitress and a young bar girl. The receptionists were awful.
Suberb, best food ever
Felt I had to say something after reading one reviewers comment on the rude staff. My wife and I have been using The Empire for many years and have always but always found the staff very helpful and friendly. The food is fantastic and the rooms wll furnished and I would not hesitate to recommend this hotel to anyone.
Best Kept Secrets of Wales
My sister and I have been going to the Empire Hotel annually for ~20 Years. Having travelled the world and stayed in many luxurious hotels, this is still our greatest treat. Homely but stylish and VERY British comforts, delightful staff who have largely been there since our first visit(very unusual). The only thing I have never done is try the complimentary sherry in the decanter in our room(but I still appreciate the fact that is is there!!)If you are looking for good value for money and personalised service I highly recommend this hotel. I am putting my money where my mouth is and I am just off to book our next stay!!
Appalling Service
I found the staff at the Empire very rude and unhelpful when I rang to enquire about making a booking for a very special occassion. The manner of the staff , one of which was the manageress Elyse, was nothing less than appalling, in fact I have never been spoken to so rudely. I would certainly not recommend this to anyone.
A Fab hotel. Very British and traditional. Excellent food and service and the rooms are all individual and very tasteful.
TripAdvisor Reviews Empire Hotel Llandudno
Travel Blogs from Llandudno
Night before
Ok, so I have just had my last supper with the family and have now finished packing. Had to swap bags as the original was to small. My bag weighs in at 13kg so I still am allowed another 10kgs in weight! Worried now that I've forgotten something but I don't think I have. Few last minute jobs to do tomorrow that the kids have given then heading for the airport at 15.30hrs. At last it here after all the hard ...
West Wales
... a conversation in Welsh and speak English as well. Very unusual. The people and the countryside here are wonderful. The landscape is lovely forested mountains with stone walled cottages and villages scattered along the way, and the rugged Atlantic coast appearing at times.
North West Wales
... we drove west along the Welsh North Coast through Pestatyn, Rhyl, Aberdele, Betwys-y-coed, Penhryn and Llundudno.Llundudno is situated on the peninsular on the most North-Eastern part of Wales. It is a huge resort town with rows and rows of white and cream hotels and B&Bs. Sue said it was like the Gold Coast but with Victorian architecture.About 12 miles ...
The Brecon Beacons
... Brian had amazing fritters with pulled pork for a starter, then Chicken. I had delicious lamb chops and shoulder with mash. Really nice. The only downside was a noisy group in our section of the dining room and we seemed to be on the main path between the kitchen and the dining room. But I would definitely come back. Answer to the building question: a gunpowder magazine for the canons used to warn sailors of the dangerous rocky ...
Anglesey, Wales
... but the house itself needs a bit of money. Kind of like Downton Abbey on a budget.
Today we drove to the northern tip of Anglesey to Holyhead to see the South Stack lighthouse. After a cup of tea and a scone we bought a ticket to see the famous lighthouse but were warned that there were 400 steps. Au contraire! There were 1126 steps (round trip to the top of the lighthouse) not to mention the paths in between. Exhausting but ...


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The Dougherty Valley HS Wildcat Rumbles Special Education Cheer Club! by Cari Neubrand and the Wildcat Rumbles - over 4 years ago
"My daughter Cari (photo right) started a cheer club this year for our high school's special education class. Here they are cheering at our first home basketball game of the season (yesterday 1/23..."View full details
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Wildcats Football Superfans by MP - almost 8 years ago
"Over half our senior class discovered a great way to support our high school's football team... t-shirts! Custom Ink helped us customize them so that each of us could have a different player's name..."View full details
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Go Wildcats! GRRRR! by kvpoe - almost 8 years ago
""U Rah Rah!" is a nonsensical exclamation that punctuates the first phrase of the Northwestern University fight song. For my friends and I, it basically sums up any expression of Wildcat spirit, so..."View full details
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CATS Forever!! by MassWILDCATS - almost 10 years ago
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See the Harlem Globetrotters on Their 2014 Fans Rule World Tour
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for Harlem Globetrotters 2014 Fans Rule World Tour was Friday December 27, 2013 / 7:00pm.
Currently at Allstate Arena
Chicago Sky Basketball: Exciting WNBA Playoff Action
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Featured review from rad468
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Tons of fun and plenty of cool basketball tricks. My seats were great. The only downside was the show was a bit heavy on the sponsorship tie-ins and it kind of interrupted the flow of the show. Otherwise, great fun for kids and adults.
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It was a good experience -- my grandsons LOVED it. I was glad I had earplugs in my purse, because the loudspeakers were almost overwhelming. More expensive than it should be, however.
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My son and I had a great time! I was super impressed with the seats, third row on the floor! I would definitely buy tickets through Goldstar again.
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This was an Xmas gift for my boyfriend and his three kids, 13, 9, and 7. I was not able to be there but they all came home raving about it. It's a great way to entertain young kids (the 9 & 7 year old are boys) and adults at the same time...continued


text: aca31692 Play via YouTube OPEN IN APP NSFW Safe Is this playlist safe for work? gold DAMN SON! August 06, 2012 | 14 tracks | 1,285 102 | Stats Birdy Nam NamAviciiDada Life trapbasspartybumpin'banger Liked Collect Share Edit celebrate Liked! Share this mix with friends: DAMN SON! Wrong video Collect Share Liked! Share this mix with friends:


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As of post, Thon Maker is only a sophomore in high school. The kid is seven-feet tall, has handles like Durant, a jab step like LeBron, and range like Dirk. I'm not usually one to go gaga over prep footage, but this is impressive.
High school seven-footer Thon Maker already has incredible highlight reel
February 8, 2014