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This course contains the basics of MicrostrategyCourse introduction
A filter specifies the conditions that the data must meet to be included in the report results. It is an easy way to answer both simple and complicated business questions.
An example of a simple business question is the sales for all stores in the Northeast. To build this report, place the attribute Store and the metric Dollar Sales on your report and filter on Northeast. The filter allows you to view the results for only those stores in the Northeast.
You are interested in reviewing the sales for only those stores that have at least one category with a margin greater than 20% and total sales of more than $100,000 for the year. This is a more complicated question, but it can also be answered using a filter.
This reviews the categories of filter functionality and the types of filtering techniques used, to help you achieve the answers to your simple and complex business questions.
Remember, all that a filter really does is help you answer "show me X where Y is true."Types of filters
In the reporting environment, when you design a report, it queries the database against all the data stored in the data warehouse. By applying a filter, you can narrow the data to consider only the information that is relevant to answer your business question. The previous, Reports, discussed the following three ways to restrict data to generate reports:
The following options are available while creating filters:
You can also create filters that prompt you for answers when you run the report. These prompted filters allow the report to have dynamic report definitions, which can change with each query by altering the information in the prompt dialog box. All of these options are available in the Filter Editor, and are discussed in detail in this chapter.
Attribute qualifiers enable you to specify conditions that attribute elements must satisfy to be included in the filter definition. For example, you can create a qualification on the attribute Month so that the result set returns only months beginning with the letter "J."
Attribute element list qualification
Attribute element list qualifications allow you to qualify on a list of attribute elements. For example, in a report, you can use an attribute element list qualification on the attribute Customer, to return data only for those customers that you specify in your list.
Attribute element list qualification example
This example refers to filters and reports saved in the MicroStrategy Tutorial.The directory path within Desktop is Public Objects Reports Technical Reports Reports by Feature Advanced Reporting Examples.You can follow the steps to interact with the filters and reports, or you can view the samples without creating your own. Remember to save any objects that you create under a different name, so that you do not overwrite the samples in the MicroStrategy Tutorial.
A report includes the revenue, cost, and profit for all employees. However, certain months are not representative of the normal business cycle, so they should be excluded from the report calculations. To do that, create a filter that excludes the months of April, May, and December. This filter is saved as Month in the Supporting Objects subdirectory. For step-by-step directions on creating a filter, see the online help.
Open the Basic Report. Note that Leanne Sawyer'scontribution to revenue is $316,786. Now switch to Design View and add the Month filter. When you re-execute the report, it looks like the following.
If you do not want to create it yourself, this report is saved as Filter - Month Filter in the Tutorial.
Notice that the metrics have different values than in the Basic Report. Sawyer's contribution to revenue is now $198,976. In the Basic Report, all data for all months was retrieved from the data warehouse. The Revenue metric was calculated using all months. In this filtered report, April, May, and December amounts are not retrieved from the data warehouse, so the metric cannot include them in its calculations.
Attribute form qualification
Attribute form qualifications allow you to qualify on an attribute form. For example, to return data only for those customers whose last names start with the letter H, you can use an attribute form qualification for the form Customer Last Name in a report.
Attribute form qualification example
This example refers to filters and reports saved in the MicroStrategy Tutorial. The directory path within Desktop is Public Objects Reports Technical ReportsReports by Feature Advanced Reporting Examples. You can follow the steps to interact with the filters and reports, or you can view the samples without creating your own. Remember to save any objects you create under a different name, so that you do not overwrite the samples in the MicroStrategy Tutorial.
A report includes the revenue, cost, and profit for all employees. You want to view the data of only those employees whose last name begins with the alphabet 'B'. To do this, create a filter that qualifies on the Last Name of the attribute Employee. Choose the Operator as Begins With and Value as B. Save this filter. For step-by-step directions on creating a filter, see the online help.
Open the Basic Report. Now switch to Design View and add this filter. When you re-execute the report, it looks like the following.
Notice that the report displays the revenue of only those employees whose last name begins with the alphabet 'B'.
Dynamic dates
When you qualify on a date attribute form with the date data type, you can select dynamic dates, which are fixed offsets of the current date. They can be either a fixed set of dates or different date ranges that change through time. For example, a dynamic date can be used in a report that examines sales in the previous two months. This would be represented as "today" with an offset of two months. You can express Dynamic date qualifications in several ways, as shown in the following examples:
While evaluating a dynamic date such as "first of this month minus seven days," the order in which these two parts are calculated is significant. The addition or subtraction of days, weeks, months, or years is always done first, before "first of this month," "this week," "this year," and so on is calculated.For example:
Imported filter
You can import filter elements into the Filter Editor from sources other than MicroStrategy, if you choose the attribute qualifying operator as In list or Not in list. To import elements into a filter, the elements should be stored in an Excel file or a text file.
The import filter elements option adds more flexibility to the Filter Editor by allowing lists of data from pre-existing files to be imported into the filter definition. Existing filter definitions can also be exported to a file.
You can use a prompt to allow you to select the file to import when you run the report.
Importing elements from a text file or a Microsoft Excel file can be quicker and more efficient than selecting each individual element to be included in the filter. For example,you have an Excel spreadsheet that lists the products on sale this month. You need to review last week's revenue for just these items. Rather than selecting them in the Filter Editor,you can simply import the file. Likewise, you can export existing filter definitions to a file.
The following rules apply to the formatting of files:
Excel-Data can be stored in rows, columns, or both.
Text-Data in a text file must be one of the following:
Attribute-to-attribute qualification
Attribute-to-attribute qualifications allow you to create reports that compare two attributes through attribute forms. For example, using attribute-to-attribute qualifications, by comparing order date with ship date, you can create a report that displays the orders that were shipped within a week of their order date.
Attribute-to-attribute qualification example
This example refers to information found in the MicroStrategy Tutorial.
An attribute-to-attribute qualification can be used to create areport that lists orders that were shipped more than 27 days after the order date. Start a new report with Order, Day, Ship Date, Revenue, Cost, and Profit. To limit the amount of data considered for the report, add a filter for December 2003. Finally, create the attribute-to-attribute qualification as outlined below.
To create an attribute-to-attribute qualification
(Day@ID + 27)
This adds 27 days to the Day attribute, which is the order date. The Ship Date is compared to this value.
Execute the report, which displays as shown below.
This report is saved as Attribute to Attribute Comparison.
The first order, Order 39025, was ordered on 12/31/2002 and shipped on 1/28/2003. That is a difference of 28 days.
Attribute Qualification Prompt
An attribute qualification prompt allows you to qualify on the values of attribute elements, attribute forms, or operators when you run a report. You can create the following types of attribute qualification prompts:
A set qualification allows you to create a set based on either a metric qualification or a relationship qualification.
Set qualification: metric qualification
Metric qualifiers enable you to restrict metric values based on value, rank, or rank percentage. Metric qualifiers restrict the amount of data used to calculate the metrics on a report. For example, a store manager might want to see sales numbers for products whose current inventory levels fall below a certain level. This report will not necessarily display the inventory figures for those products.
Output level
The output level specifies the level at which the metric is calculated for the qualification. For example, if the metric qualification is Sales > 1000, Sales could mean sales per day, month, year, store, region, and so on. Creating a set qualification with an output level of store is equivalent to having a fixed list of stores, if you knew which ones met the metric qualification, in a simple attribute qualification. However, the list of stores in the qualification is generated dynamically.
The output level can be specified in several ways.
Otherwise, the metric's dimensionality is used.
If you do not select an output level, the None selected option is used by default.
Break by
This advanced function of a metric qualification allows you to choose the attribute level at which to restart counting rank or percent values for a metric. This level must be greater than or equal to the level of aggregation for the metric itself, as shown in the following example.
Given the following data:
If you specify "Break by Market," the ranking counter is reset for each market (in descending order).
If you specify "Break By Region," the ranking counter is reset for each region (in this example, as there is only one region, the counter is not reset).
Merge attribute qualifications
The Advanced button allows you to specify whether existing attribute qualifications should be merged into the calculation of the metric qualification. By default, this option is selected, combining the qualifications.
A metric qualification is contained in a separate pass of SQL, creating a temporary table or "mini-report." If the qualifications are merged, attribute qualifications are added to that pass of SQL. If they are not merged, the attribute qualifications are not included in the metric qualification. They instead appear in the main SQL pass.
For example, a report shows revenue by region. The report 2002 and the metric qualification of revenue over $1 million. If the default is kept, the qualifications are merged. Only 2002 revenue is considered when the metric checks for revenue over $1 million. The report results are:
In contrast, if the qualifications are not merged, revenue is calculated for all time before the metric qualification is evaluated. However, only revenue from the year 2002 is displayed on the report. As shown in the following sample,regions are included that do not have $1 million of revenue in 2002, but do have $1 million of revenue across time.
Besides affecting the report results, merging the qualifications reduces the amount of data a calculation must process.
Metric-to-metric comparison
Metric-to-metric comparisons allow you to create reports that dynamically compare the values of two metrics. For example, you can create a report that restricts the data torevenue greater than last quarter's revenue.
Create a report that displays the revenue for Call centers Atlanta, San Diego, and Miami for each quarter during the year 2002. To do this, create one filter that includes the call centers Atlanta, San Diego and Miami and another filter that includes the year 2002. For step-by-step directions on creating a filter, see the online help.
When you execute the report, it looks like the following:
Now, create a revenue metric that calculates the revenue for the previous quarter and save it as RevenueLastQuartermetric. Create a metric-to-metric comparison filter that uses the Revenue metric. Choose the Function as Metric Value,and Operator as Greater than. Choose the Value as Metric and browse to select the newly created metric Revenue Last Quarter. Save the filter LastQuarter. The report,when re-executed with the LastQuarter filter,now looks like the following:
Note that only those revenues whose values are greater than the revenues of the previous quarter are displayed on the report.
Set qualification: relationship qualification
Relationship qualification allows you to create a link between two attributes and place a filter on that relationship. It allows you to create a set of elements from an attribute based on its relationship with another attribute. For example, relationship filtering allows you to create a report that shows you all the stores selling Nike shoes in the Washington, DCarea or all customers who have checking accounts but no saving accounts.
You can create relationship filters using either Set qualification or Advanced qualification in the Filter Editor. Set qualification provides an interface to guide you through the process, while you must enter commands in Advanced Qualification. The syntax for the Advanced qualification is described in Advanced qualification: relationship filters.
You have the following options while creating a relationship qualification:
For example, to create a report that shows all the stores selling Nike shoes in the Washington, DC area, you need to set the output level to Stores, the filter qualification to Nike shoes and Region, and the relation to the fact Sales.
Metric qualification prompt
A metric qualification prompt allows you to select a function, or an operator, or specify the value for a metric, when you run a report. You can create the following types of metric qualification prompts:
A shortcut to a report qualification is also known as Report as filter. In the Desktop, you select Add a Shortcut to a Report to access the report as filter functionality.
The report data set of an existing report can be used as a filter for another report. Often, the result of one report is exactly what is needed as a filter in another report. Rather than create a filter that mimics the results of a report, that report itself can be used as a filter in the second report. When usedas a filter, only the report's data definition is considered; any changes to the view definition do not influence the filter conditions.
Using reports as filters provides a more visual way of building reports and analyzing their results. It also provides a fluid transition from viewing data in a report to analyzing additional reports based on the data in the original. Report as filter is a different way to achieve the same results as a metric qualification, but it is easier to understand and create.
Reports with consolidations or custom groups cannot be used as a shortcut to a filter.
Report Object Prompt
The report object prompt allows you to choose the results of one report to be included in another report. You can define areport object prompt by specifying a search object orspecifying a predefined list of objects to choose from, while executing a report.Shortcut to a filter
Creating a shortcut to a filter allows you to use an existing filter, or add conditions to that filter, to apply to a report. In generic terms, Filter1 contains two conditions, A and B. You can use Filter1 in another filter and add another condition, C, to it. The data must then satisfy all three conditions - A, B, and C - to be included.
For example, you are a manager in New England, responsible for stores in Boston, Providence, and Greenwich. Your project contains a filtercalled Stores in my Region, which is defined as the Boston, Providence, and Greenwich stores. The Women's Clothing filter includes the classes Blouses and Dresses. A third filter, All Days in Dec 01, is a date range that includes all the days in the month of December, 2003.
To study December sales in your stores for women's clothing, create a new filter. Include a shortcut to each of the three filters.
Filter Object Prompt
The filter object prompt allows you to choose the filters to be included in a report. You can define a filter object prompt by specifying a search object or specifying a predefined list of objects to choose from, while executing a report.Advanced qualification: custom expression
Advanced qualifications allow you to create custom expressions to fit particular needs. For example, you can create a relationship filter using the custom expression area of the advanced qualification window.
Advanced qualification: relationship filters
The advanced qualification window allows you to use commands rather than an interface. To work with an interface, see Set qualification: relationship qualification.
The following syntax is required to create a relationship filter using an advanced qualification:
<relation; (filter qualification)> {list of output attributes}
If a relationship is left empty, the schema is used to select the appropriate table.
It is easiest to simply drag an attribute from the Object Browser into the list. If you manually enter the attribute, it must be in the format
[attributename]@ID or [attributename]@DESC.
For example, if you are creating a report that shows all stores selling Nike shoes in the DC area, the relationship filter syntax looks like this:
<[Fact Sales]; [Nike Shoes, Region]> {Stores@ID}
where Fact Sales is the table name, Nike Shoes and Region form the filter qualification, and Stores is the attribute.
Advanced qualification: apply functions
Pass-through expressions, or apply functions, in MicroStrategy are intended to provide access to the special functions or syntactic constructs that are not standard in MicroStrategy, but are found in various RDBMS platforms. There are five predefined apply functions, each belonging to a different function type:
Among these five functions, ApplyComparison andApplyLogical can be used to create custom expressions for filtering.
While an Apply function can be used wherever the function group it belongs to is applied, you should NOT use any Apply functions when standard MicroStrategy functions can be used to achieve the goal. This is because using Apply functions effectively bypasses the validations and other benefits of the product. Therefore, use it ONLY when support does not exist in the MicroStrategy product and submit an enhancement request so that MicroStrategy can evaluate your needs for inclusion in a future product release.Advanced qualification: joint element list
Joint element lists allow you to choose attribute elements from different attributes to filter the report result set. Unlike attribute qualifications, joint element lists also allow you to join attribute elements and then filter on that attribute result set. In other words, you can select specific element combinations, such as quarter and category. As in the report sample included below, you can filter on electronics in Q1 2003 and music in Q3 2003.
Joint element list example
This example refers to information saved in the MicroStrategy Tutorial.
Before creating a joint element list, you must ensure that the Advanced Qualification option is displayed on the Filter Editor. From the Desktop, complete the following steps:
Open the Basic Report. Note that Leanne Sawyer's revenue is $316,786. This is sales for all time and all categories. You need to see revenue for specific quarter and category combinations, for example, electronics in Q1 2003 and music in Q3 2003. To do this, switch to Design View and create a joint element list, as described below.
To create a joint element list
Execute the report. The results are displayed below:
This report is saved as Joint Element List.
Notice that Sawyer's revenue is now only $18,901. The decreased revenue reflects the qualification, since only sales for electronics in the first quarter of 2003 and the sales for music in the third quarter of 2003 are included in the metriccalculations.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Le Rivage - Olivet
This Relais du Silence hotel is perfectly situated for discovering the splendid city of Orléans with the St. Croix cathedral and the famous castles of the Loire Valley, including the castles of Loiret and Blois, UNESCO world heritage sites. There are plenty of sporting options in the surroundings: the area is the ideal spot for hiking or mountain biking.
Le Rivage - Olivet
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $121
- Classic Triple Room
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Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 17 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-8:30 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Guests planning to arrive outside of normal check-in hours must contact this property in advance for check-in instructions and key retrieval information. Please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking (limited)
In the hotel
- Continental breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Tennis on site
- Conference space size (feet) - 301
- Conference space size (meters) - 28
- One meeting room
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Garden
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium bedding
- Private bathroom
- Bathtub or shower
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Digital TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
Special features
DiningLe Restaurant - This fine-dining restaurant specializes in French cuisine and serves lunch and dinner.
Le Rivage - Olivet's small print
Also known as
- Rivage Hotel Olivet
- Rivage Olivet
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.6 per person, per night
Optional extras
Breakfast costs between EUR 13 and EUR 13 per person (approximately)
Cribs/Infant beds are available for EUR 15 per night
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 10 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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yeah but in no way is a ps3 as good as a wiiOriginally Posted by need a wii
Originally Posted by tinklestar
Well if that avatar is you, and you are bored, you can always contact or PM me
yeah but in no way is a ps3 as good as a wiiOriginally Posted by need a wii
Here are three varitions on the meaning of the word pwned:Originally Posted by tinklestar
1. pwned
"A corruption of the word "Owned." This originated in an online game called Warcraft, where a map designer misspelled "owned." When the computer beat a player, it was supposed to say, so-and-so "has been owned."
Instead, it said, so-and-so "has been pwned."
It basically means "to own" or to be dominated by an opponent or situation, especially by some god-like or computer-like force.
"Man, I rock at my job, but I still got a bad evaluation. I was pwned."
"That team totally pwned us." "
16. pwned
"Pwned is a highly disputed word that has evolved over the years from being a simple typo of the word "owned", which is commonly used in multiplayer games around the world. Today it had some to be a combination the words "owned" and "pawned".
Owned meaning that the a person was defeated so badly, that he has become the Owners b***h.
Pawned meaning that the newly owned person is not wanted, or worthy of the owners presence. Thus the owner has disposed of the person in a cheap manor (Pawn Shop).
To be pwned is to be owned, but at the same time rejected as being not worthy, and then disposed of.
"We really pwned the other team!""
42. pwned
"to beat(win), to beat(cause injury), to embarass, to be injured by a random catastrophy, variant of owned
"Michael Jordan would pwn Shaq at basketball any day"
"Did you see that video of that kid getting run over by that car? Pwned!""
From the Urben Dictionary.
Last edited by romj; 01-02-2008 at 05:06 PM.
I'd be gutted!..so would the kids..ours is on practically all the time.
..the computer is everything,everything in the Mind Drive.
Pwned is a word for idiots, you're not missing much by not knowing what it means. Just a bit of retard comedy.Originally Posted by tinklestar
A PS3, thats awesome! I just got a 360!!
Brawl Punching Bag
Chibi Asuka!!
Spoiler Alert!BrawlFC: 0173-1027-1103
WiiFC: 6069-9016-3559-6279
Xbox LIVE: M3KAMonsteroid
PSN ID: Monsteroids
I'm surprised this thread isn't titled "Death of a fiance" :P
Hope you get your Wii back soon! Good luck.
Wii 4903-5557-1975-7728
Big Brain Academy, DDR: Hottest Party, D-K: Barrell Blast, Dewey's, Legend of Zelda, Mario Party 8, Mario Strikers Charged, Mario & Sonic, Metroid Prime 3, Need For Speed: Pro Street, Rayman 2, Resident Evil: Umbrella Chronicles, Resident Evil 4, Rockstar Table Tennis, The Bigs, The Legend Of Spyro, Trauma Center: New Blood, Wii Sports, Super Mario Galaxy, Super Paper Mario


text:
This reality series follows five men in Las Vegas who work as gigolos though, for legal reasons, the company's owner classifies the business as a "companion service" whose clients pay an hourly rate. The show, which delves into the guys' personal and professional lives, is surprisingly truthful and heartfelt, and it shows the wild ride that the real-life escorts experience.
No related news available


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The 2015 Toyota Prius C gets styling updates to the nose and tail, including a larger grille and standard LED headlights. The little hybrid also gets a smattering of updated materials inside, along with Toyota's Entune touch-screen infotainment system.
There are no major changes to the 2014 Toyota Prius C.
Since it was just introduced last year, changes are minimal for the Prius C in 2013. All but the base model receive upgraded material for the dash, while the steering wheels in top-line trims are now wrapped in SofTex, a leather-like material.
Aimed at young, value-oriented consumers, the 2012 Prius C is coupled with four trim levels – named One, Two, Three and Four. An outstanding roster of standard features and a 50-mpg EPA combined rating endows the new Prius C with a grand slam of character traits that should endear it to budget-conscious buyers of all ages.
The 2015 Toyota Prius C is the entry-level Prius hybrid, putting amazing fuel economy within reach of those on a shoestring budget. With a base price of right about $20,000, the Prius C isn't a big financial stretch, costing notably less than something like a Volkswagen Golf TDI diesel. However, the Prius C still carries five, has plenty of cargo space, and even looks sharp. Best of all is the fuel economy, which averages 53 mpg in the city and 46 mpg on the highway. While not as fun to drive as a Ford Fiesta SFE, its fuel economy is far more accessible on a day-to-day basis, and it can even be driven solely on electric power for short distances, making it the greenest of the subcompact set.


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06:50:37 PM Sep 15th 2011
Should we add every example of a blackman/white woman relationship, or just the ones that are shown as contriversial? Fairweather and Joel for Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue, for example, is technically an example, but (being what the show is) it's never a point of contention. Should we include them and examples similar?
08:50:04 PM Oct 11th 2010
Why on earth is 10xRose described as 'one-sided'? It is explicitly not. If there is something I missed, then please tell me, otherwise I'll correct it.
11:14:15 PM Aug 7th 2010
Need some evidence that anti-black man/white woman bias is a remnant of slavery.
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text: TechEd WCA-B305 - VBScript and PowerShell wrappers for MDT / ConfigMgr Deployment Research Johan Arwidmark Jun 03 2013 Here are the sample VBScript and PowerShell wrappers / scripts I was using in the WCA-B305 session. Download Link The download contains script for Installing Visual C++ 2012 runtime (VBScript) Create Subnets (PowerShell) Create new Virtual Machines, deploy them, and delete them (PowerShell) Thanks for attending / Johan Happy deployment, and thanks for reading! / Johan For any questions / comments to this post, use my Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/DeploymentResearch For onsite/remote consulting help or training, you find the contact info here: http://deploymentresearch.com/About Follow me on Twitter: @jarwidmark and please subscribe to my YouTube channel as well: https://www.youtube.com/user/DeploymentArtist If you want to connect via LinkedIn, this is me: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jarwidmark


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2011 marks the rise of fighting games. While other genres of gaming overshadow the fighter, that soon may change--at least, I hope it does. Marvel vs. Capcom 3 is almost upon us and after much teasing, I can't wait to try it out. Also hitting shelves this year is the new Mortal Kombat game which is no slouch either.
I came into the Street Fighter 4 craze rather late, and a typical rule of thumb for games like these is unless you get it when it hits, you're bound to be left in the dust. Round after round in SF4, I was pitted against players who had known all the moves, beaten the character trials (something I could never accomplish), and all around knew more about Fighters than I did. Tekken 6 fared no better, but to be expected since that's more hardcore than a 2D game (willing to make an exception for MvC2. Yea, I saw Mahvel Baybee). Nevertheless, the past three years left me sorely disappointed with the fighting titles available.
So fast forward to October 2010. After researching the upcoming games for 2011, I spot two titles that I am quite familiar with: MvC and MK. I was ecstatic! Here was a brand new chance to try again with more fan service than I could handle! My favorite X-men character Deadpool clashing with the badass devilhunter? The fact that Dante was in a fighting game?!
You have to understand that while I'm fairly open-minded and appreciate the creativity one has to have to translate something in to a new media, I did not like how they tried to pass off Deadpool as Weapon 11 in X-Men Origins. This made up for it. So much in fact that I read every news post and blog I could find on MvC. I watched IFC Yipes, Diago, and FREE1UP videos. I constantly checked youtube for new character reveals and gameplay trailers (I even made an amv for it). When Christmas rolled around, I told my mom what I wanted. That was the only thing I wanted. BlazBlue CT Portable was an unexpected plus.
MK9 isn't too much of a big deal to me, but seeing as there are only two (new) known titles, I might as well get it as well. Really digging the whole X-ray moves and Scorpion's is awesome combined with Pirahna. I might be tempted to get the Tournament edition since it comes with fighting sticks as well, but that requires hard cash. All in all, it's a great year for fans of the fighting genre. Here's to a kickass year!


text:
Most Cited Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
The rise of forensic and post-mortem radiology-analysis of the literature between the year 2000 and 2011Manuela Baglivo | Sebastian Winklhofer | Gary M. Hatch | Garyfalia Ampanozi | Michael J. Thali | Thomas D. Ruder
Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 3-9
Objective: It was the aim of this study to investigate the evolution of published literature in the field of post-mortem and forensic radiology, determine what technology is most widely used, identify primary research topics, and uncover areas where the evidence basis for post-mortem and forensic radiology is lacking. Materials and methods: We performed an online literature search using 62 different combinations of search terms to identify articles on post-mortem and forensic radiology published between the year 2000 and 2011. For each publication included in the study, the following pieces of information were retrieved: title and abstract, author affiliation, year of publication, name of journal, type of article, and article language. Publications were categorized based on content, imaging modalities, use of additional techniques, and study population. Results: A total of 661 publications were analyzed. Publications related to post-mortem and forensic radiology experienced a tenfold increase over the last 10 years. The majority of all publications focused on the documentation of injury or disease and identification of human remains. Computed tomography (CT) is chiefly used to investigate traumatic injury, magnetic resonance (MR) to assess cardio-vascular and cerebral disease, and radiographs to identify human remains. Other techniques are only rarely used. Over 40 countries worldwide contributed to the field during the study period. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that scientific publications on forensic and post-mortem radiology grew significantly between the year 2000 and 2011. During this decade, forensic and post-mortem radiology rose from an obscure topic to a relevant field in the forensic sciences. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Invisible touch-control of a DICOM viewer with finger gestures using the kinect depth cameraL. C. Ebert | G. Hatch | M. J. Thali | S. Ross
Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 10-14
With the increasing use of imaging technologies during surgeries and autopsies, new control methods for computer systems are required to maintain sterility. Gesture controlled systems seem to be promising, since they allow for a touch-free control of computer systems. In a previous publication we presented a system which allows the control of the open source Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) OsiriX by means of gesture and voice commands. In order to overcome the limitations of this system, we developed a plug-in for OsiriX that allows for gesture control of the DICOM viewer of OsiriX with finger gestures. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
RADid: A pictorial review of radiologic identification using postmortem CTGary M. Hatch | Fabrice Dedouit | Angi M. Christensen | Michael J. Thali | Thomas D. Ruder
Volume 2, Issue 2, January 2014, Pages 52-59
Radiologic identification (RADid) is a powerful and frequently successful tool for personal identification (ID). Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), in particular, is uniquely well suited for the ID process, given the fact it may be reformatted or rendered to match almost any AM medical imaging examination. RADid may also offer a faster and less expensive alternative to other methods, such as DNA analysis, in selected cases. This paper presents a brief overview of the role, capabilities and techniques of medical imaging in the process of ID, introduces the lines of evidence that can contribute to ID and highlights specific case examples of RADid, with a focus on the use of PMCT for RADid. Although used routinely by various practitioners and institutions (including those of the authors), RADid is, in our opinion, underused in the forensic community. The case examples presented here demonstrate the wide range of IDs that are possible using RADid and will hopefully encourage practitioners in its use. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Differentiation of cocaine from heroine body packs by computed tomography: Impact of different tube voltages and the dual-energy indexSebastian Leschka | Juergen Fornaro | Patrick Laberke | Simon Blum | Alkadhi Hatem | Ivo Niederer | Christian Meile | Dennis Hibbeln | Roland Hausmann | Simon Wildermuth | Daniel Eisenhart
Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 46-50
Objectives: To investigate the computed tomography (CT) attenuation values and the dual-energy index (DEI) of cocaine and heroin at different tube voltage settings in a phantom study. Materials and methods: Thirty-three hand-wrapped bodypacks prepared of heroin (n=17) and cocaine (n=16) at varying concentrations were submerged in a 28-cm water tank and imaged four times with a dual-source 64-detector row CT at peak tube voltage levels of 80. kVp, 100. kVp, 120. kVp, and 140. kVp. Tube current in each protocol was adjusted for a similar CT volume dose index of 8.0. mGy. Image noise and the CT attenuation values were measured in each drug container three times at each tube voltage level by two independent observers, and the DEI was calculated from measurements at 80. kVp and 140. kVp. Results: Image noise at the four tube voltage levels was similar (p=0.32). Intra- and interobserver agreement was good (r=0.89 to.93; p<0.001). CT attenuation values were different between cocaine and heroin at any tube voltage and in the DEI (p<0.01) with the smallest overlap of attenuation values between both drugs at 80. kVp and the DEI. The drug concentration had a strong negative relationship with the DEI for heroin (r=-0.67; p<0.01) but not for cocaine (r=-0.15; p=0.23). Conclusions: CT attenuation values measured at low tube voltage level and using the DEI improve the differentiation of cocaine and heroin-containing bodypacks compared to measurements at higher tube voltage settings. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Imaging in airport security: Past, present, future, and the link to forensic and clinical radiologyOlive Emil Wetter
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2013, Pages 152-160
After an introduction to the beginnings of x-ray screening of baggage 41 years ago, this review article gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in imaging in security at airports as well as an outlook into future developments in this area. The imaging technologies discussed range from dual-energy x-ray systems to computed tomography and terahertz scanners. A PubMed search of "radiology" and "airport" revealed 36 scientific articles covering interdisciplinary topics ranging between imaging in airport security and forensic/clinical imaging. Apart from relying on the same technologies, common research interests and initiatives appear to be most fruitful in human factors aspects that are concerned with x-ray and CT image interpretation. By sharing the knowledge between disciplines, scientists, practitioners, and regulators can learn and benefit from each other. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Virtopsy approach: Structured reporting versus free reporting for PMCT findingsWolf Schweitzer | Christine Bartsch | Thomas D. Ruder | Michael J. Thali
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 28-33
Introduction: While post mortem CT (PMCT) serves as increasingly wide-spread tool for pre-autopsy examination in forensic medicine, the scope and role of reporting should follow legal requirements as set out by law and landmark court decisions. We initially used free form reporting, but after a hyoid fracture was missed and not reported in a case of manual strangulation, and after a range of other less serious incidents, we switched to a structured reporting system. Methods and material: Twenty randomly chosen PMCT reports of each of the two types (free form, structured reporting containing 108 items) were checked for explicit reporting of absent or present findings of an arbitrary list of findings of forensic relevance. Results: Free form reports contained 13% to 75% of forensically relevant findings, depending on the specific finding that was checked. Structured reports did contain 100% of the items that were tested even though the system that we used would yield a "not checked" entry if left untouched by the user. Discussion: Unchecked or unreported data has the capacity to act as a liability rather than an asset given that no jurisdiction specifically requires court appointed experts to partially ignore data for possible later analysis and interpretation. Wasting time on irrelevant findings while missing crucial data is a real risk particularly when radiologists enter the field of forensic medicine. Structured reports then can remedy the problem through acting as a guideline. Even though this study has limitations as only two very different techniques were compared, considering structured reporting in a comprehensive fashion is strongly recommended both on study results and legal considerations. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Aspects of 3D surface scanner performance for post-mortem skin documentation in forensic medicine using rigid benchmark objectsWolf Schweitzer | Emil Röhrich | Michael Schaepman | Michael J. Thali | Lars Ebert
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2013, Pages 167-175
Background: Patterned light 3D scanning has historically been targeted towards industrial and manufacturing applications. Forensic 3D skin surface scanning is relatively new and appears to contain aspects of off label usage. Based on how patterned light scanning has been published to work, we assumed that naturally rough surfaces' 3D scan validity to improve with extensive calibration of such a 3D-scanner whereas we assumed the same not to be true for industrially smooth surfaces. Using rigid benchmark objects matching aspects of typical post-mortem skin injuries and an object with smooth plastics surface, that hypothesis was tested. Methods: A 3D-scanner that captures stereoscopic images from patterned light was used. Impact of calibration extent on perceived differences between digital 3D models of industrially smooth and naturally rough objects was quantified with an experimental subjective comparison of 3D data appearance between minimal (MC) and extensive calibration (EC) against matched photos by 13 judges. Using extensive calibration, we then conducted (a) qualitative appreciation and (b) quantitative characterization of small surface regions to determine recognition rate of surface features. Results: Extensive calibration significantly improved the perceived quality of digitized naturally rough surfaces but turned out to not have a significant impact on the perceived quality of considerably smoother industrial surface digitization (G2 Likelihood Ratio Chi-square statistic p < 0.0001). After calibrating the device exceeding manufacturer's recommendations, it adequately represented 98±1% of naturally rough surface contained features sized as small as 0.3. mm within a user attended scan time of 8-12. min per object. Conclusions: Significantly reduced apparent quality of patterned light scanner derived 3D models of rough surfaces may base on calibration recommendations that seem to be geared towards more efficient scanning of industrially smooth surfaces. As stripe pattern analysis typically includes non-linear approximations, a 3D scanner calibration process for rough detailed surfaces might benefit from as many small variations of distance and angles across the whole scanning volume as can be afforded by the user. Off label use entails reevaluation of devices for their intended new application. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Experience with post-mortem computed tomography in Southern Denmark 2006-11Peter Mygind Leth | Jørgen Thomsen
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2013, Pages 161-166
Objectives: (1) To explore the ability of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) to establish the cause of death. (2) To investigate the inter-method variation between autopsy and PMCT. (3) To investigate whether PMCT can select cases for autopsy. (4) To investigate the importance of histology. Materials: PMCT and autopsy were performed in 900 forensic cases from Southern Denmark. 4547 diagnoses were registered. Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind investigation. Results: In two thirds of all cases, PMCT and autopsy agreed on the cause of death. The agreement was highest for injury deaths and lower for deaths caused by disease. Two thirds of the diagnoses were obtained by both autopsy and PMCT. PMCT reliably detected air and fluid collections, hyper- and hypotrophy, fractures, neoplasms, gallstones and kidney stones, calcification, foreign bodies, aneurisms, hernias and cerebral hemorrhages and was less reliable at detecting injuries in inner organs, small hematomas and vessel transections. PMCT was unable to detect thrombosis, thromboembolism, cirrhosis, esophageal varices, myocardial infarctions and myocardial scar tissue, peritonitis and gastrointestinal ulcerations. At least 15% of the autopsies in this study could have been substituted by PMCT. Histology yielded important new information in one fourth of the cases, but this proportion was much smaller among cases for which we estimated that the autopsy could have been substituted by PMCT. Conclusion: PMCT is a valuable supplement to autopsy and may be used as a screening tool for selecting cases for autopsy. International standardization of interpretation, reporting and coding of autopsy and PMCT findings are encouraged. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
The use of cone beam computed tomography in forensic radiologyDavid P. Sarment | Angi M. Christensen
Volume 2, Issue 4, January 2014, Pages 173-181
© 2014.Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a relatively recently-developed CT technology that is currently used primarily in maxillofacial applications. CBCT may also be very useful in some forensic contexts, offering several advantages for postmortem forensic imaging including good resolution for skeletal imaging, relatively low cost, portability, and simplicity. Here we present an overview of CBCT technology, comparing and contrasting to conventional CT in regards to various forensic applications, and conclude that CBCT may be an advantageous and accessible alternative in many cases.
Shot sequence detection aided by postmortem computed tomography in a case of homicidePatricia M. Flach | Garyfalia Ampanozi | Tanja Germerott | Steffen G. Ross | Astrid Krauskopf | Michael J. Thali | Michael T. Mund
Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 68-72
This study investigated the use of postmortem computed tomography (pmCT) in a homicide victim with three gunshots. This case report illustrates that pmCT enhances the forensic investigation and facilitates dissection of complex regions like the neck and may aid in the determination of a possible chronology of successive shooting. Postmortem imaging should be included as an established standard protocol in any state-of-the-art gunshot injury examination in forensic pathology, as this imaging method may provide more information than autopsy alone. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Introducing standardized protocols for anthropological measurement of virtual subadult crania using computed tomographyNicolene Lottering | Donna M. MacGregor | Mark D. Barry | Mikaela S. Reynolds | Laura S. Gregory
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 34-38
Objectives: This study introduces and assesses the precision of a standardized protocol for anthropometric measurement of the juvenile cranium using three-dimensional surface rendered models, for implementation in forensic investigation or paleodemographic research. Materials and methods: A subset of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) DICOM datasets (n=10) of modern Australian subadults (birth-10 years) was accessed from the "Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Virtual Osteological Database" (n>1200), obtained from retrospective clinical scans taken at Brisbane children hospitals (2009-2013). The capabilities of Geomagic Design X™ form the basis of this study; introducing standardized protocols using triangle surface mesh models to (i) ascertain linear dimensions using reference plane networks and (ii) calculate the area of complex regions of interest on the cranium. Results: The protocols described in this paper demonstrate high levels of repeatability between five observers of varying anatomical expertise and software experience. Intra- and inter-observer error was indiscernible with total technical error of measurement (TEM) values ≤0.56mm, constituting <0.33% relative error (rTEM) for linear measurements; and a TEM value of ≤12.89mm2, equating to <1.18% (rTEM) of the total area of the anterior fontanelle and contiguous sutures. Conclusions: Exploiting the advances of MSCT in routine clinical assessment, this paper assesses the application of this virtual approach to acquire highly reproducible morphometric data in a non-invasive manner for human identification and population studies in growth and development. The protocols and precision testing presented are imperative for the advancement of "virtual anthropology" into routine Australian medico-legal death investigation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Comparative study on developmental stages of the clavicle by postmortem MRI and CT imagingSara Tangmose | Karl Erik Jensen | Niels Lynnerup
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 102-106
Objectives: The developmental stages of the clavicles are important for forensic age estimation purposes in adolescents. This study compares the 4-stage system to evaluate the ossification of the medial end of the clavicle as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). As several forensic institutes routinely perform CT scans, the large amount of available data may serve as reference sample for MRI in specific cases. Material and methods: This prospective study included an MRI and CT scan of 47 autopsy cases performed prior to medico-legal autopsy (age range 12.9-27.5 years). All images were scored in blind trials using a 4-stage system by a trained observer. Results: Intra-observer agreements were substantial within (MRI: K=0.685, CT: K=0.611) and between modalities (K=0.644, p<0.001). No systematic differences were found between stages as assessed by CT and MRI. The mean and minimum ages by each stage (2-4) were in accordance to previous published results. At younger than 18, no subjects were assessed as a stage 4. Conclusion: Age estimation from the clavicle using either CT or MRI performs concordantly. In lack of MRI reference studies, CT data may be used. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
The application of 3D visualization of osteological trauma for the courtroom: A critical reviewDavid Errickson | Tim J U Thompson | Brian W J Rankin
Volume 2, Issue 3, January 2014, Pages 132-137
Osteological evidence cannot be taken into the courtroom due to its sensitive nature. Therefore, photographic images are used as a proxy to reduce the impact of such traumatic scenes. Although three-dimensional (3D) digitizing is currently being utilized in a range of disciplines, there are no standard practice guidelines that apply to the forensic sciences. That said, the use of 3D images within the courtroom has its advantages and is slowly being implemented within the court system. There is a clear need for visualizing osteological material within the courtroom and this paper discusses the techniques, application, advantages and considerations for this. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
The use of 3D-CT in weapon caused impression fractures of the skull, from a forensic radiological point of viewBernadette S. De Bakker | Vidija Soerdjbalie-Maikoe | Henri M. De Bakker
Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2013, Pages 176-179
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of the three-dimensional (3D) volume renderings (VRTs), based on computed tomography (CT) images of the head, to gain more insight in the etiology of impression skull fractures. Materials and methods: 3D-CT scans of 12 forensic cases with impression skull fractures after head injury were selected. Ten radiologists were asked to determine the shape of the used object, the amount of blows and the location of the fracture, based on 2D CT images and 3D volume renderings. Afterwards, the results of the assessments were compared with the real shapes of the true object in case. Results: In 7 out of 12 cases, the used weapon was a hammer. In 62% of the cases the shape of the used object was determined correctly by the radiologists and in 72% of the cases the amount of blows on the skull was correct. There was no significant difference in results between the forensically experienced and forensically inexperienced radiologists. Conclusion: 3D-CT is useful in a forensic setting, to determine the shape of a suspected weapon and the amount of blows. However, assessment of the CT data should always be combined with information about the scene and a profound morphological inspection of the wound. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
What are the key objectives of the ISFRI?-Evaluation of the ISFRI member surveyThomas D. Ruder
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 142-145
Perinatal death: Is there a place for post-mortem angio-CT?Laure Sarda-Quarello | Lucile Tuchtan | Julia Torrents | Marie Dominique Piercecchi-Marti | Christophe Bartoli | Pierre Eloi Laurent | Brigitte Bourlière-Najean | Philippe Petit | Edwin Quarello | Guillaume Gorincour
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015, Pages 1-4
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.To study the feasibility of perinatal post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) and to evaluate the informations provided. Material and methods: From January to March 2014, we included all fetuses referred to our fetopathology unit for intra-uterine fetal death or termination (IUFD) or pregnancy (TOP). We noted sex, gestational age in weeks[U+05F3] gestation (WG) at referral, and reason for TOP. All bodies were scanned with the same CT device using the same protocol, before and after contrast injection. We analyzed the success rate of the injection, the quality of vascular filling and the informations provided compared to prenatal data and confirmed by standard autopsy for all patients. Results: We prospectively included 17 consecutive attempts of PMCTA in fetuses aged 16-37 WG (mean 28), 9 were male and 8 were female, originating from intra-uterine fetal death (n=4, 23.5%) or termination of pregnancy (n=13, 76.5%). Injection failed in 4 cases (23%). In the 13 successful others (77%), injection was quoted sub-optimal in 2 cases (15%). Overall, additional informations were provided by PMCTA in 5 cases (29%), meaning 38% of cases when injection was successful. Conclusion: Perinatal PMCTA is feasible and provides additional data compared to prenatal imaging. We strongly believe it is a very promising technique, especially in association with ultrasound, more or less dedicated brain MRI.
Classic metaphyseal lesion following vaginal breech birth, a rare birth traumaT. Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn | R. R. van Rijn | S. G F Robben
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 2-4
A six day old male neonate, born after attempted external version (ECV) and vaginal breech birth, was evaluated for pain during diaper changes. US of the leg showed a small subperiosteal fluid collection at the distal right femur. Conventional radiographs demonstrated the presence of a classic metaphyseal corner fracture (CML). This case is to our knowledge the first to report a CML after ECV and vaginal delivery. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Validation of left ventricular circumferential area as a surrogate for heart weight on postmortem computed tomographyG. M. Hatch | G. Ampanozi | M. J. Thali | T. D. Ruder
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 980-101
Objectives: Cardiomegaly has important medical and forensic implications. Left ventricular circumferential area (LVCA) has been proposed as a simple and effective measure of heart weight. We determined if LVCA reflects actual heart weight, as measured at autopsy.Methods: Two blinded radiologist independently and retrospectively measured the LVCA, in postmortem computed tomography scans of 50 decedents (34 male, 16 female, mean age 53 years). Actual heart weight was obtained from the written autopsy record. Calculated heart weight was derived using a linear regression equation describing the relationship between mean measured heart weight and actual heart weight. Results: The mean actual heart weight was 416.6g (median 395.0g, range 250.0-770.0g, SD 97.9). The mean measured LVCA was 3756.3mm2 (range 2133.5-7083.0mm2, SD 794.2). There was a significant and strong positive correlation between the mean measured LVCA and actual heart weight (p<0.0001, correlation coefficient 0.707). There was no significant inter-observer variability. There was no significant difference between calculated heart weight and autopsy heart weight. Conclusions: LVCA and calculated heart weight reflect actual heart weight, as measured at autopsy. These results suggest that heart weight estimation can be performed on non-contrast postmortem CT, using a linear regression equation based on the LVCA. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Radiologic evaluation of heat-induced shrinkage and shape preservation of human teeth using micro-CTMichael A. Sandholzer | Anthony D. Walmsley | Philip J. Lumley | Gabriel Landini
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 107-111
Introduction: The most reliable and frequently applied method for identification of fire victims is comparative dental radiography. Forensic investigators are often confronted with fragmented and isolated remains, frequently removed from their anatomical position. Whilst the heat-induced dimensional and morphological changes in bone have been previously studied, precise data for heat-induced changes of human teeth is still lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative micro-CT data to evaluate the three-dimensional shrinkage and shape preservation of human teeth to provide an improved understanding on heat-induced alterations of dental tissues. Materials and methods: High-resolution micro-CT scans and digital radiographs were carried out on 66 freshly extracted human teeth before and after 30. min exposure to temperatures of 400-1000°C. Image analysis was performed using 3D Slicer and Fiji imaging packages. Results: The average volumetric shrinkage ranged between 4.78% (at 400°C) and 32.53% (at 1000°C). A major increase in shrinkage occurs between 700°C and 800°C, while no significant statistical difference (ANOVA post-hoc LSD, α<0.05) was found between lower temperature groups. Tooth morphology was generally well preserved even at high temperatures, in contrast to observation made for burned bone, where warping and strong deformation can occur. Conclusions: The results of this micro-CT study add relevant information on shape preservation and allow forensic investigators to account for heat-induced alterations of size, eventually facilitating the odontological identification process in cases where only isolated teeth or dental fragments are present. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
A current perspective on forensic radiologyAngi M. Christensen | Gary M. Hatch | B. G. Brogdon
Volume 2, Issue 3, January 2014, Pages 111-113
Into the decomposed body - Feasibility of post-mortem CT angiography in a decomposed cadaverThomas D. Ruder | Katja Schulze | Steffen Ross | Garyfalia Ampanozi | Dominic Gascho | Patrick Laberke | Michael J. Thali | Gary M. Hatch
Volume 2, Issue 3, January 2014, Pages 149-152
Postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA), by one of several methods, is an established technique for forensic investigation. Decomposition will eventually preclude PMCTA due to loss of vessel integrity, but these limits are not well established. This report illustrates a case in which PMCTA was used successfully in a decedent that was moderately decomposed. Imaging also provided a clear indication of the cause of death, in lieu of autopsy. In concert with history, scene and external evaluation, PMCTA aided the final establishment of manner and cause of death in this decomposed body. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Gunshot to the pelvis - Experimental ballistics and forensic radiologyStephan A. Bolliger | Garyfalia Ampanozi | Beat P. Kneubuehl | Michael J. Thali
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 17-19
The 9 mm Luger full metal jacket and 44 Rem. Mag. semi-jacketed hollow point were fired at a body model consisting of a polyurethane pelvis with gelatine prior to multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and the results compared to those obtained by dissection of the model.Our results showed that MSCT proved to be highly reliable in the demonstration of the damage to the model. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Estimation of heart weight by post-mortem cardiac magnetic resonance imagingThomas D. Ruder | Paul Stolzmann | Yannick A. Thali | Gary M. Hatch | Sandra Somaini | Matthias Bucher | Hatem Alkadhi | Michael J. Thali | Garyfalia Ampanozi
Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 15-18
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine which single measurement on post-mortem cardiac MR reflects actual heart weight as measured at autopsy, assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability of MR measurements, derive a formula to predict heart weight from MR measurements and test the accuracy of the formula to prospectively predict heart weight. Materials and methods: 53 human cadavers underwent post-mortem cardiac MR and forensic autopsy. In Phase 1, left ventricular area and wall thickness were measured on short axis and four chamber view images of 29 cases. All measurements were correlated to heart weight at autopsy using linear regression analysis. In Phase 2, single left ventricular area measurements on four chamber view images (LVA_4C) from 24 cases were used to predict heart weight at autopsy based on equations derived during Phase 1. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine inter- and intra-reader agreement. Results: Heart weight strongly correlates with LVA_4C (r=0.78M; p<0.001). Intra-reader and inter-reader reliability was excellent for LVA_4C (ICC=0.81-0.91; p<0.001 and ICC=0.90; p<0.001 respectively). A simplified formula for heart weight ([g]≈LVA_4C [mm2]×0.11) was derived based on linear regression analysis. Conclusions: This study shows that single circumferential area measurements of the left ventricle in the four chamber view on post-mortem cardiac MR reflect actual heart weight as measured at autopsy. These measurements yield an excellent intra- and inter-reader reliability and can be used to predict heart weight prior to autopsy or to give a reasonable estimate of heart weight in cases where autopsy is not performed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.


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Newspaper Parksville
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Parksville Qualicum NewsBritish Columbia, Suite 4-154 MiddletonV9P 2H2 Parksville (250) 248-4341
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The Parksville library branch was established in 1937 but had a history of library service prior to that in the form of a traveling library. The library has been at its current location since 2001.
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It should be a touching moment this afternoon at the Ballpark at Arlington as the Rangers open their 2013 home season against the Angels. And, trust me, it has nothing to do with Josh Hamilton now in an enemy uniform.
It will be just before the game begins at the ceremonial first pitch. Texas always has done a nice job in finding those worthy to symbolically open the year, but this may be at the top.
Today, it's Robbie Parker, a transplanted Ranger fan and still a grieving parent. Parker spent his first nine years in Arlington where he became a Ranger fan, a devotion that has stayed with him despite moving across the country.
He is a physician's attendant in Danbury, Conn. He has always tried to see the Rangers play when possible. His daughter, Emile, was three months old when she saw her first game.
Since then, Emile had seen a game in Arlington, then a game in Seattle when Robbie was doing a medical rotation there. Last year, at just about this time, father and daughter were at a Rangers-Red Sox game on the day of the Boston Marathon. At the game, they were able to collect a batting practice home run hit by David Murphy.
Emile was too young to understand baseball, but she loved being with her family.
"She was a baseball fan because I was," Parker told the Dallas Morning News. "She knew the Rangers were important to me. After we got the ball, I would grab her any time David Murphy was on TV. She would say that I want to see the guy who hit the ball."
Emile was at school at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., on Dec. 14. She was one of 26 that day -- 20 young children -- who were victims of the mass shootings.
Two high school friends of Parker started the Emile Parker Fund to help aid all the Sandy Hook victims. Near Christmas, the Rangers and others got wind of the fund and Parker's devotion to the Rangers.
ESPN Dallas, and Ranger-centric blogs like the Newberg Report, Lone Star Ball and Baseball Time in Arlington have helped raise thousands for the fund.
They all come together this afteroon, a bittersweet day to be sure.


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Hotels in Mornington, Victoria
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Hotels in Mornington
- Most bookedBest Western Plus Brooklands of Mornington
34 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great place to stay for quite location in heart of Mornington"
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
15 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Loved the fresh area and that it was not a congested area."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
9 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Stayed on night between business meetings. Had all the mod cons and stocked mini bar. Room was spacious and clean. Noise levels good despite being next to the highway. Found the bistro to be a little overheated. Probably didn't help being seated near the kitchen heat lamps. Food was ok. Chicke..."
M, Sep 2016, AU
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Just a single night in on the Peninsula for business. In late out early. Fantastic dinner and amazing breakfast delivered to the room."
A Traveller, Aug 2015, AU
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"A lovely friendly home away from home. Hostess is very welcoming and lovely to chat with. A beautiful breakfast. Romm was tastefully decorated, clean comfortable and quiet. A beautiful home, close to Main Street in Mornington. Beach is very close."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
Hotels within 5 miles of Mornington
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Believe the previous reviews, this B&B is simply brilliant and we had a wonderful two night stay here! The suite has plenty of attractive thoughtful touches, plus practical supplies for a relaxing time: local attraction brochures and maps, fresh fruit, juice, milk, cereal, coffee & tea of all kin..."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, AU
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Second time we have stayed there. Friendly staff. Loved it!"
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Hotels within 10 miles of Mornington
34 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"Great for family stay, room had one queen bed and 3 single beds, very clean and nice rain shower head in the bathroom. Received a nice welcome gift (4 small bottles of milk) when checking in. Parking right outside the room (free). Has a small swimming pool and a tennis court. You will need a ..."
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
Most recent review
"was pleasant although we were not there very long. The owner was very helpful. The location was convenient for us. "
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
Best hotels in Mornington
If you are looking for Mornington hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Mornington by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Mornington are:
- Mornington Bed and Breakfast
- The Royal Hotel
- Best Western Plus Brooklands of Mornington
- Mornington Motel
- Mornington On Tanti
The location of your Mornington hotel is important. If you are traveling to Mornington, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Mornington. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Mornington for as low as $92 per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 280 reviews in Mornington. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


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Ambition, scruples ensnare the 'Filthy Rich'
With its second-person point of view and its nearly cradle-to-grave arc, reading Mohsin Hamid's "How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia" is like being deeply immersed in a text-based role-playing game - only it's the kind of game Leo Tolstoy might have written, clear-eyed in its dissection of human folly, ambition and love.
Hamid, also the author of "The Reluctant Fundamentalist," casts this novel as a self-help book, speaking directly to an unnamed boy, then man, who wants to get rich in an unnamed country, presumably Hamid's native Pakistan. In doing so he satirizes both the self-help genre and the rags-to-riches tales coming out of contemporary Asia, suggesting that such fortunes, like those of many of America's great robber barons, were built on crimes, opportunism and the occasional well-placed bribe: »Read Full Article
Things get rough for Jay Leno at Potawatomi Bingo Casino
The sun is six months away from setting on Jay Leno's two decades as host of "The Tonight Show," following 40 years of being in the comedy business.
But even a seasoned pro can hit some tough patches — and that was the case during the first of two sold-out shows Thursday at Potawatomi Bingo Casino. »Read Full Article(38)
Summerfest crowd stars in new Phil Vassar video
During the past few years, nothing about Summerfest has been as constant as the annual visit from country piano man Phil Vassar and the good-timing fans that his party-friendly shows draw. So, it is fitting that this year's Summerfest crowd plays a starring role in the music video for Vassar's new single, "Love is Alive." Presented as a narrative of "love in three acts," the video, directed by Steve Condon, follows a romance across the years with a midlife pit stop onstage at Vassar's shows in Chicago and Milwaukee this summer. The song is bright, catchy and uplifting.
In the video, the raucous crowd at the Briggs and Stratton Big Backyard stage cheers as Vassar looks down at his hands on the piano keyboard and sees them as a child and an old man, all in love. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
WKKV drops Steve Harvey morning show
WKKV-FM (100.7) dropped the syndicated Steve Harvey morning show this week after hearing "from many folks who wanted a morning show that was a better fit" for the hip-hop station, according to Jeff Tyler, regional market manager for Clear Channel Communications.
Harvey's show has been replaced by a show called "The Breakfast Club," originating from Clear Channel sister station WWPR-FM in New York. It is billed as "the world's most dangerous morning show. »Read Full Blog Post(5)
This week's concerts
7 p.m. Saturday, Alpine Valley Music Theatre, East Troy. $48.50 to $157 at (800) 745-3000 and ticketmaster.com. »Read Full Article
Weekly entertainment calendar
Cafe Centraal: Bay View Metro Acoustic Music Series, 5-8 p.m. Aug. 25, 2306 S. Kinnickinnic Ave. »Read Full Article
New DVDs for release Aug. 27
THE GREAT GATSBY (Warner) Baz Luhrmann's flashy but empty adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's beloved novel of love, loss, obsession and the roaring 1920s, with Leonardo DiCaprio in the title role, feels like a missed opportunity. The first hour is hypnotic, from the wide shots of New York skylines to the sensory overload of the parties at Gatsby's mansion. But the hollowness of the characters makes the second half of the movie drag. With Carey Mulligan, Tobey Maguire, Joel Edgerton, Elizabeth Debicki. (PG-13; some violent images, sex, smoking, partying, brief language) ★★ »Read Full Article
24 hours: Stuff for Milwaukee's weekend to-do list
10 a.m. Friday
The Port Washington Maritime Heritage Festival has music (headliners include the Finn MacCools at 6:30 p.m. Friday, Naima Adepapo at 7:45 p.m. Saturday, and SaddleBrook at 3 and 4:30 p.m. Sunday), food and lots and lots of boats — as well as ticketed (read: you have to pay) tours of the city's harbor. »Read Full Article
Milwaukee movies off the grid
'Plan 9' lands at midnight
Ed Wood Jr.'s worst-movie-ever opus "Plan 9 From Outer Space" crashes midnight Friday at the Times Theater, 5906 W. Vliet St. »Read Full Article
New Cafe La Paloma serving Mexican fare in Walker's Point
A new Mexican restaurant is open in Walker's Point: Cafe La Paloma debuted last week at 606 S. 5th St.
Milwaukee artist Jose Chavez is the owner. His own artwork and works from his collection decorate the restaurant, he said, and one wall is dedicated to the Day of the Dead. »Read Full Blog Post
Potawatomi Bingo Casino is lighting up with Glow Party Night Owl Bash
Sandra Wilson's bunny ears blink in frenetic fashion, and the glow-in-the-dark whistle hanging from her neck sways as she steps to "The Electric Slide."
But when she sits down at a long table toward the back of the ballroom, Wilson is focused on her task. Numbers appear on the four-sided screens hanging from the ceiling, and with each one, Wilson moves the dauber in her hand with the precision of a conductor. »Read Full Article(2)
'World's End' is hearty comedy about friendship and robots
If someone turned "99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall" into a movie, it might look like "The World's End."
If you added killer robots. »Read Full Article
'Spectacular Now' finds teens facing challenges of booze, romance
Life happens in slow motion. And the moments that change our lives only become obvious in retrospect.
What happens to two teenagers in "The Spectacular Now" is a victimless crime. »Read Full Article
Northless frontman channels negativity
With an album title like "World Keeps Sinking," you kind of know where the 7-year-old sludge metal band Northless is coming from.
"I have a negative view when it comes to life," singer, songwriter, guitarist and band founder Erik Stenglein told me recently at Hi-Fi Cafe, a perspective informed in part by some of what he's seen as a social worker for about a decade. »Read Full Article
On Tap this Weekend: SURG restaurant Summer Block Party, Milwaukee Carnival, Mexican Fiesta, Mecca Pop Art
Take two minutes to plan your weekend with On Tap this Weekend hosts, Brandon Tschacher and Heather Ronaldson. »Read Full Blog Post
Day 28: Time Warner offers blackout customers free antennas, VOD, gift cards
As the blackout of Journal Broadcast Group stations on Time Warner Cable enters its 28th day, the cable service took out a full-page newspaper ad listing services it would be offering customers "to make this easier on you."
The ad appeared in Thursday's Journal Sentinel. »Read Full Blog Post(124)
Stronger Ke$ha keeps the party going at the Rave
When Ke$ha came to the Rave's Eagles Ballroom three years ago on the heels of her vapid first single, "Tik Tok" (that's the one where she endorsed Jack Daniel's as toothpaste) "many female fans of the glittery pop starlet were locked in a figurative arms race to see who could be the drunkest, most scandalously dressed in the audience," according to a Journal Sentinel review.
But the message evidently has changed. Ke$ha's sold-out Eagles show Wednesday was about being "free," living the night as if it were "our last," celebrating "misfits" and fighting for "acceptance," we were told via recorded message at the start of an 80-minute set. »Read Full Article
Milwaukee Film Festival opening party details
The Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, featured in the documentary "Brothers Hypnotic," will perform at the opening-night party of the 2013 Milwaukee Film Festival, it was announced Wednesday.
The party, which annually starts the festival off with a bang, will be held at Discovery World, 500 N. Harbor Dr. starting at 8:30 p.m. Sept. 26. The fifth annual festival runs through Oct. 10. »Read Full Blog Post
On Tap Today: Dar Williams, Shaun Jones and Tree Top Flyers all take the stage tonight
The weekend starts today at Turner Hall Ballroom with the musical styling of Dar Williams, a contemporary pop-folk singer-songwriter who has been likened to Jewel. Doors open at 7 p.m. and tickets cost about $25 bucks.
Tree Top Flyers take the stage at Mad Planet at 9 p.m. to feature songs from the band's first full-length album, "The Mountain Moves." Tickets are only $7, and The Gazettiers will open.
If comedy is your style, swing by Comedy Cafe to hear Shaun Jones perform live from 8 to 9:30 p.m. The comedian has been seen on BET's "Comic View," Starz's "1st Amendment Standup" and the 2003 film "Shade," starring Jamie Foxx and Sylvester Stallone. Tickets are normally $12 with a two-drink minimum. »Read Full Blog Post


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NCAA expert: If there's demand to pay players, NAIA could do it
At Day 13 of Ed O'Bannon trial, NCAA argues that under antitrust analysis other college associations could fill in the gap from NCAA's alleged restrictions.
OAKLAND, Calif. -- Why doesn't the NAIA try to compete for NCAA players by paying them? That was the crux of one argument by an NCAA expert who said Wednesday the Ed O'Bannon plaintiffs have not proven they are harmed by NCAA rules preventing them from being paid.
NCAA economic expert Lauren Stiroh testified that if, as the plaintiffs allege, college athletes are meaningfully restricted under antitrust law from being paid for their names, images and likenesses, universities outside the NCAA would be attempting to "fill in the gap" by paying players.
"So some rival NCAA would try to round up other schools not in the NCAA?" U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken asked, sounding skeptical.
Stiroh explained that numerous college athletic associations could pay players, starting with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Since O'Bannon economic expert Roger Noll previously said the NCAA doesn't compete with these associations, the market should correct itself if there's an NCAA restriction based on antitrust analysis, Stiroh said.
The early portion of Day 13 of the O'Bannon trial focused on consumer surveys. The afternoon hit on the complicated and difficult world of antitrust analysis. As evidenced by Wilken's repeated questions during Stiroh's testimony, which will resume Thursday, that's the area where the case ultimately figures to be decided.
The O'Bannon plaintiffs have alleged the NCAA's rules against being paid hurts two markets: the "college education" market, in which schools compete to recruit the best players; and the "group licensing market," in which broadcasters and video game developers compete for group licenses to use names, images and likenesses of players.
Stiroh said the NCAA rules don't restrict the education market because, for instance, there are no allegations of too few players or too few games. Stiroh agreed there's an alleged harmed market for use of athletes' names, images and likenesses (NILs), but believes the plaintiffs haven't proven the harm.
According to Stiroh, for there to be an antitrust issue there has to be an affect on the market that eventually impacts consumers. For instance, Stiroh said the plaintiffs haven't examined what happens to the price and output in the video-game market by withholding college athletes' names. In other words, Stiroh said, EA could make other video games unrelated to college sports.
Wilken remarked that would be a market for video games of college football and basketball players that can't be filled by dancers.
Stiroh said professional sports agreements show broadcast payments are used for athletes' salaries for playing in games, not NIL transactions. The plaintiffs are trying to get a share of TV revenue moving forward. Jerseys being sold with player numbers is a royalties or intellectual property dispute, not an antitrust issue, she said.
O'Bannon attorney Bill Isaacson pressed Stiroh on her reasoning that other college athletic associations could pay players.
He showed some rules in the National Christian Athletic Association, which is one of the alternatives listed in Stiroh's expert report. Among the rules for that association: coaches and players can't use profanity or abusive language, and schools must sign and comply with a statement of religious faith. The unspoken message by the plaintiffs: NCAA players aren't going to want to play in an association with less resources and rules such as those.
"Did you even investigate any of these rules, doctor?" Isaacson asked. Stiroh said she had reviewed some of them, not all.
Grand View University in Iowa, the NAIA football champion last season, reported athletic department revenue of $6.3 million in 2012-13. Florida State, the national champion in major college football, listed its revenue at $89.1 million.
NCAA chief legal officer Donald Remy said it's not a question of whether the NAIA or others have the finances to be competitive. Rather, Remy said, Stiroh's point is that within the context of antitrust analysis, other organizations that don't have the NCAA's alleged restraints could compete in that space by paying players. Remy cited as an example the USFL's entry into professional football to compete with the NFL.
"There's no restraint on the rest of the world from developing the product that the plaintiffs' lawyers want and competing against the collegiate model of athletics that the NCAA has had for 100 years, and say ours is better," Remy said.
After Stiroh's testimony ends, the NCAA has two more witnesses to call before the trial ends Friday: economic expert Daniel Rubinfeld and NCAA executive vice president for championships and alliances Mark Lewis.
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Informal Sector, Productivity, And Tax Collection
The informal sector is a prominent characteristic of many developing countries. Most of the literature has focused on understanding the determinants of informality. The connection between the informal sector and economic development is, nonetheless, relatively less understood. One of the most important determinants of informality is the tax enforcement quality of a country which, some authors argue, additionally distorts firms' decisions and creates inefficiency. In this paper, the author assesses the quantitative importance of the effects of incomplete tax enforcement on aggregate output and productivity.
Provided by: Munich Personal Repec Archive Topic: CXO Date Added: Oct 2010 Format: PDF


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SET 1: Rift > Sample in a Jar, Divided Sky, Gumbo > Foam, Fee[1] > Split Open and Melt , Golgi Apparatus
SET 2: Letter to Jimmy Page > David Bowie, Bouncing Around the Room > Reba[2], It's Ice > Yerushalayim Shel Zahav > Dog Faced Boy > Julius, Hold Your Head Up > Setting Sail > Hold Your Head Up, Runaway Jim
ENCORE: Sleeping Monkey > Rocky Top
Add a Review
Mike Gordon: September 23, 2016
5 days ago
Catskill Chill at New Minglewood
Set 1: Say Something, Jumping, Waking Up Dead[1], Andelmans' Yard, Horizon Line, How Do I Know > Looking for Clues, Don't Chin The Dog, Let's Go[1], Tiny Little World
Encore: Yarmouth Road
[1] Mike Gordon debut.
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University Games
1,000 Places to See Before You Die Game
Click here for larger image.
Take your family around the world without ever leaving the comfort of home, with this board game that follows the smash hit book. 1,000 Places to See Before You Die now comes to you in this terrific board game. Be the first traveler to leave home, visit at least one destination in each of the five global travel zones, and then return home to win the game. Includes 135 postcards, 45 movement cards, 6 airplane game tokens, game board, die, and instructions. For 2 to 6 players ages 7 and up.


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Stefan Struve picked up a big win over Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva, but used much of his post-fight interview to honor fallen teammate Jordan Parsons. read news >>
Stefan Struve stole the UFC Fight Night Rotterdam main event show, knocking out Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva in 15 seconds. Earlier, Gunnar Nelson, Germaine de Randamie, Nikita Krylov and Karolina Kowalki read news >>
Stefan Struve's 15-second victory over Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva led the charge on the UFC Fight Night 87 fighter bonuses. read news >>
Watch the fight highlights from the UFC Fight Night 87 co-main event bout between Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva and Stefan Struve. read news >>
Stefan Struve showed his might at UFC Fight Night 87, taking out Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva. read news >>
Stefan Struve trained in Holland in preparation for his fight against Antonio Silva at UFC Rotterdam. Struve is looking to get back to his winning ways. read news >>
In episode 1 of UFC Rotterdam on the Fly, we hang out in Miami with Dutch heavyweight Stefan Struve at the legendary Blackzilians gym. read news >>
The UFC's debut event in the Netherlands appears to have its first bout: Stefan Struve vs. Antonio Silva.Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
Alistair Overeem started his recent two-fight win streak with first-round knockout over Stefan Struve at Fight Night Phoenix. read news >>
MELBOURNE, Australia – Those expecting a heavyweight barnburner to open up the UFC 193 main card were probably bummed out. Still, check out our exclusive photo gallery of the Jared Rosholt-Stefan Str read news >>
UFC heavyweights Stefan Struve and Jared Rosholt entered UFC 193 on Saturday night with their eyes on moving up the rankings. Struve came in as the No. 14-ranked contender, while Rosholt had won back read news >>
MELBOURNE, Australia – Jared Rosholt spent the first two rounds taking Stefan Struve down and doing very little after that.Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
MELBOURNE, Australia – Apparently, getting in the UFC's octagon and engaging in hand-to-hand combat isn't enough of a thrill for Stefan Struve's fall schedule.Filed under: Featured, Featured Videos, read news >>
MELBOURNE, Australia – There's an inescapable fact to fighting a guy that's seven feet tall: If you're at the end of his limbs, you're in the wrong place. Jared Rosholt plans on showing Stefan Struve read news >>


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Melissa Herber, David Crockett Middle School's librarian, was honored with the 2002-2003 AISD Secondary Teacher of the Year and Region 16 Secondary Teacher of the Year awards earlier this fall. Here, she enjoys some ice cream with sixth-graders Ashton Read, far left, and Lauren Cooper, second from right, and eighth-grader Sara Christy, far right. Blue Bell recognized Herber's accomplishment with an ice cream party.
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