text:
Draft picks are bittersweet for Bucks
Gallon goes through 'rough week'
The Milwaukee Bucks' three 2010 draft choices experienced a mixed bag last week in the Las Vegas summer league.
First-round draft choice Larry Sanders had a good week, averaging 14.0 points and 8.4 rebounds, and was named to the 14-man all-league team.
But it was a different story for second-round picks Tiny Gallon and Darington Hobson. Gallon had what coach Scott Skiles termed a "rough week," while Hobson could only observe as he was sidelined with a groin injury that already has set him back in his short NBA career.
Sanders started every game and averaged 3.2 blocked shots and 33.6 minutes per game as the Bucks went 1-4. He shot 44.6% from the floor and made 10 of 17 free throws (58.8%).
"I thought he was good offensively," Skiles said. "He showed a nice feel offensively for what we're trying to do. He has a nice touch. He moves around the floor well. But he's got to defend better, and he's got to be a better defensive rebounder. . . nothing that he's not capable of doing.
"The thing is you're going to throw a lot at guys and then to expect them to just go out and free their mind and play. . . a lot of times guys are thinking (too much) and they want to do the right thing. Over the course of an exhibition season, most of that melts away as guys can gain a comfort level. But I thought Larry had a really nice week."
Sanders finished with 17 points and five rebounds in 33 minutes in a victory over the Cleveland Cavaliers on Sunday, and Skiles said Sanders could have rebounded better in that game.
"All the way up until almost the end of the third quarter he only had one defensive rebound," Skiles said. "No question, there are things - and he knows it - that he has to work on and get better at. But he has length and athleticism and a nice offensive imagination, so some of the things he can do are definitely great things to build on."
Gallon started in three of the five games and averaged 6.6 points, 7.4 rebounds and 19.4 minutes per game. He shot 36.8% from the floor, hit 2 of 7 three-pointers (28.6%) and made 3 of 5 free throws (60.0%). But Gallon committed 23 fouls and turned the ball over 20 times.
The Bucks continue to work with Gallon on conditioning.
"He's got an awful lot to learn," Skiles said. "An awful lot to work on. He's a really good kid and is a fun guy to be around, but he's got an awful lot to work on.
"We're taking strides to help him get better. He's going to need to be a lot better to make our team and do anything. Right now, he's got a long way to go. We're going to have some patience when working with him, but on the other hand we're going to be firm because we think he has a nice skill set. But there's a lot to learn."
Hobson missed not only the five summer league games but also the practice time in Las Vegas and the three-day, five-practice minicamp that the Bucks conducted in Milwaukee before they headed west.
The Bucks had been eager to get a look at Hobson under game conditions in Las Vegas.
"It does (set him back)," Skiles said. "At least he got to go out and see what we're trying to do, but other than that, it's a setback. No doubt about it.
"So we'll see what happens the rest of the summer and see what he can do to kind of catch up and make up for it."
Skiles said not much should be read into the Bucks' summer league record.
"We're just trying to get guys that we drafted to learn our stuff and play well," Skiles said. "And then look at some other guys. We lost the first two games on buzzer-beaters, but it was a good week overall."


text:
Wetlands are cool because they are both wet and dry. During the dry season or during a drought, terrestrial species can be found using these areas. On the flip side, when the rains come down and the floods come up, these low lying areas become accessible to aquatic critters. In between these two extremes there are species that can handle a little bit of water, but can also hack having their feet dry for some time. It is this exchange between wet and dry conditions and all of the different species that find niches here or there, that make wetlands so productive...and in my book, so cool.
I've discussed before that one of our Duck Creek renovation goals is to reconnect historic drainages when possible. During flood events several spillways and low water crossings will help facilitate this. Well, in the last month Mother Nature reconnected the whole basin, spillways or not, during this historic flood event. Over the last two weeks we've gone out and have taken a look to see what kind of critters are out and about and utilizing these connected habitats.
It has been pretty cool to see the number and diversity of species that we've caught so far. We've caught a variety of sunfish (Warmouth, Green Sunfish, Orange-spotted Sunfish, Longear Sunfish, Red-Spotted Sunfish, and Red-eared Sunfish). Not surprisingly we've also caught quite a few predators, such as Spotted Gar and Bowfin. Additionally, we've been able to capture quite a few unique species that are of conservation of concern (Lake Chubsucker, Starhead Topminnow, Dollar Sunfish, Bantam Sunfish, Weed Shiner, Pugnose Minnow) and one state endangered species (Taillight Shiner). Now, to most people these probably appear to be just bait minnows, but they are in fact important and add to Mingo Basin's diversity and complexity. I'll go further into this in a minute.
Fish aren't the only critters we've been able to catch. There have been quite a few amphibians as well. Along with the bumper crop of tadpoles we've caught three different species of salamanders. Central Newts, which have bright orange bellies with black flecks, have been captured. We have caught another species of conservation concern, the Mole Salamander, in both their larval and adult form. (You might remember another post earlier this year where I talked about these guys.) Another cool surprise that we've caught has been several Lesser Sirens. These salamanders spend most of their time in the muddy depths of the swamp and are seldom seen. They are unique because of their external gills and they lack hind legs (scroll through the pictures to see one).
Several snakes both terrestrial and aquatic have been either caught or seen within the flooded areas as well (Black Rat Snake, Western Cottonmouths, Broad-banded Water Snakes, Ribbon Snake). Also Mississippi Mud Turtles have found their way into our nets.
Here again we've been catching terrestrial and aquatic species. When we first started sampling we were catching a lot of earthworms as they were trying to find some oxygen elsewhere. Unfortunately for them, many probably wound up in the belly of a bowfin or some other hungry fish. Representing the aquatic communities, Hellgrammites (dobsonfly larvae) and crayfish, have also been carefully sifted out of our nets.
So why am I so excited about these non-game species? Well, for one, catching a bunch of critters (whether they are game or non-game) is a heck of a lot better than catching nothing. Secondly, finding a diversity of species in a natural system is like taking a pulse check and feeling a healthy heart-beat. The interactions between plants, animals, soils, and water within wetlands are intricate and complex. When species start dropping out and diversity declines, the system becomes weakened and not as resilient to large disturbances. In a way you could think of it like this: variety is not only the spice of life, but in wetland systems, it is also the glue that binds it all together.
So even though Crappie or Mallards might be main reason you come to Duck Creek, it is the overall number of different species, including "bait minnows", that allow the food webs to be connected, keep nutrient cycles churning, and allow Duck Creek's wetlands stay healthy ... even when the area is under water by several feet. The more we understand these interactions and the role that large events play, the better we can manage these conditions in the future.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(This story first ran at PressConnects.com) BALTIMORE — At 26 years old, UFC light-heavyweight champion Jon Jones admits it is difficult even for him to realize he could soon be considered the best fighter in the history of mixed martial arts. But it's a reality (…)
The UFC's traditional pre-event show returns Sunday with the debut of "Countdown to UFC 204: Bisping vs. Henderson 2" on FS1.Filed under: News, UFC, Videos read news >>
Up and comers Cody East and Curtis Blaydes may have come up short in their Octagon debuts earlier this year, but on October 1 in Portland, Oregon, the two heavyweight prospects get a second chance read news >>
The UFC has another new heavyweight in its ranks – and he's a former Bellator champion. Filed under: Featured, News, UFC read news >>


text:
|Opinions on Revere? (49 replies)
|Modern apartment complexes in Malden and Chelsea/Revere (0 replies)
|What are the nicest neighborhoods in Chelsea, Revere, Everett, Malden? (11 replies)
|industrial areas in Malden, Everett, Revere? Locals pls help! (7 replies)
|About the strong offensive SMELL encountered at times near the Lynn or Revere, MA oceanfront (16 replies)
|Bathroom Bill roll call (156 replies)


text:
Wedding decorations, party supplies, home décor & craft supplies at 20-70% off. Save On Crafts brings you classic and trending fashions.
23" Mercury Glass Apothecary Jar.
Stands 23.5" high with a 7-5/8" wide opening and a 5.75" base . It is a mixture of silver and gold glass. Recommend hand wash only


text:
OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents
OSHA News Release – Region 1
U.S. Department of Labor
Region 1 News Release: 05-1118-BOS/BOS 2005-176
Wednesday, June 29, 2005
Contact: Ted Fitzgerald
Phone: (617) 565-2074
METHUEN, Mass. -- A Dedham, Mass., contractor's failure to supply cave-in protection for employees working at a Lowell, Mass., jobsite has resulted in $52,000 in proposed penalties from the U.S. Labor Department's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
On April 22, an OSHA inspector observed an employee of Wes Construction installing a concrete pipe in a seven-foot deep excavation in Lowell. The walls of the excavation did not have adequate protection against collapse. OSHA's inspection also found that employees were not trained in trenching safety standards and could not identify hazards associated with work in excavations.
"This employer knew cave-in protection was required but chose not to provide it," said Richard Fazzio, OSHA's area director for Middlesex and Essex counties. "Walls of an unprotected trench can collapse suddenly and without warning, burying workers before they can react. While no collapse occurred here, the danger was real and present."
OSHA issued one willful citation, with a $49,000 proposed fine, to Wes Construction for failing to supply the required cave-in protection and one serious citation, with a $3,000 proposed fine, for not training the workers. OSHA defines a willful violation as one committed with an intentional disregard of, or plain indifference to, the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations. A serious violation is a condition where there is a substantial possibility that death or serious physical harm can result to an employee.
Wes Construction has 15 business days from receipt of the citations to comply with them, request and participate in an informal conference with the OSHA area director or contest them before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission. OSHA's Methuen area office, which conducted the inspection, can be reached at (617) 565-8110.
Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace for their employees. OSHA's role is to assure the safety and health of America's workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual improvement in workplace safety and health. For more information, visit www.osha.gov. A trenching safety card is available online at http://www.osha.gov/Publications/trench/trench_safety_tips_card.html.
U.S. Labor Department releases are accessible on the Internet at www.dol.gov. The information in this news release will be made available in alternate format upon request (large print, Braille, audio tape or disc) from the COAST office. Please specify which news release when placing your request at (202) 693-7765 or TTY (202) 693-7755. The U.S. Department of Labor is committed to providing America's employers and employees with easy access to understandable information on how to comply with its laws and regulations. For more information, please visit www.dol.gov/compliance.
|OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents


text:
It happens from time to time. Most pharm Cyp has a bit lower BA content (.9%) versus UGL's that may range as high as 5%.
I had a vial of Watson Cyp and a vial of AP Cyp in car over night and the Watson crashed. Temp never went to freezing. It got cold, but never freezing temp.
Pharmacy replaced the Watson...
Why would it crash above freezing?
It happens from time to time. Most pharm Cyp has a bit lower BA content (.9%) versus UGL's that may range as high as 5%.
Gotcha, thanks
can you post some pics?
never heard of watson crashing. do you have pictures?
No, but the pharmacist replaced it, said she would contact the manufacturer.
"freezing" has nothing to do with it, it contains no water so 32F is an irrelevant temperature. Heavy is right, it contains less solvents than UGL gear and thus most likely will crash at a higher temperature. Every solution has a temperature at which the solute will precipitate out, depends on what the solvent/solutes are, their ratios, the temperature etc. Warm it up and it will be fine, they already replaced it so it doesn't matter now, but for future reference
I would have been interested in seeing a picture of it and seeing what happened upon warming.
Use discount code paranoid for 15% off sitewide at steroidforyou.com.
I don't post pics because in real life I'm a 120lb Thai tranny hooker with 92% BF.
Was kind of chunky when it first crashed ....after warming, became "stringy"... Didn't think to take pics
huh interesting bro..stringy lol


text:
Member Profiles
Get to know your fellow members in the profiles below.
Is there something about you or your land that other MFA members would find interesting? Send an email to email@example.com.
Bill & Mary Bailey; Steve Bailey, Chatfield MN
By Linda K. Dinkel, Editor
"Allemande left, do sa do! Swing your partner, 'round she goes!"
The art of square dancing is in how smoothly a person moves with their partner, moves away from that partner, and then moves back once again to the home position. For Mary and Bill Bailey, that description is about more than the dance. It's about life.
Initially, visits to the Mayo Clinic brought Mary and husband Leonard to this area. "We just fell in love with the land and planned to retire here, having found the ideal 58 acre piece of property in 1992," said Mary. "We established hiking trails and installed bluebird boxes, and finally moved to Chatfield from Indiana in 2002. Sadly, Leonard died suddenly just 2 years after we moved here. It was just devastating. I considered selling and moving back near family. Instead, I got lots of help and good advice from neighbors and friends and realized I couldn't leave here."
For Bill, who lost his first wife to cancer in 2006, leaving the area was never a consideration. "My great-grandfather homesteaded near here in 1884. The land I farm now with my brother Steve was bought by my grandfather in 1917, passed to my dad, and then on to us. On our 2000 acres we raise corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and a 200-head cow-calf herd. We also have 300 acres of woods that we manage, along with some woods that the cows rotationally graze, though I never met a cow that was much of a forester," quipped Bill.
Mary watched a demo square dance during a local town festival and contacted one of the dancers about lessons. "It seemed like a good, safe way to meet people and socialize." It also happened to be a good way to meet a new partner for life. Bill and Mary were married in September, 2008, and continue to square dance three to four times per week. So, how does this match made on the square dance floor end up as the 2015 Minnesota Tree Farmers of the Year? It really began in Bill and Steve's childhood.
The Baileys have hosted field days on their property and have a unique way to show the advantages of thinning. "One of my favorite things I've shown people is a wedge I cut from a basswood we harvested in 2014," said Bill. The area around the tree was thinned in 1984 and again in 2000. Bill used colored pins to show the impact of thinning on growth rate. The first 35 years of growth resulted in 9% of the total volume of the tree. In the 16 years after thinning in 1984, the tree added 26% of its total volume. Fourteen years of growth from 2000 to 2014 resulted in 65% of the total volume. "Many woodland owners are missing out on a great opportunity if they don't thin their stands," said Bill. "You need to thin out that low-value tree in a timely manner to give your more valuable ones room to grow!" Even though Bill has a forestry background, he recommends building a relationship with a local forester. "DNR forester Jim Edgar has really helped us a lot with advice and expertise, and that would be even more important for someone new to forest management. It's a good investment to find a reputable forester to oversee your timber sale."
With chainsaws, tractors, a Finnish-built PTO winch and occasionally a rented skidder, Steve and Bill spend their winters in the woods, thinning and harvesting a wide variety of species: black walnut, hard maple, red, white and burr oak, red and gray elm, cherry, basswood, poplar, ash, hackberry and cottonwood. "Keeping the forest healthy is kind of like healthy eating," said Steve Bailey. "No matter how good one food is, if you only eat that one, it's not going to be healthy. That's why we have lots of different tree species, because that's more healthy." Root River Hardwoods of Preston and Albert Lea, MN, grades and marks the logs for length, with most of them going to local Amish sawmills for pallet production. Premium logs are used for veneer, flooring, barrel staves, and finish wood sold in commercial stores.
By the way, any article about the Baileys would be remiss if it didn't mention two other things. First, a large portion of the six-mile Lost Creek Hiking Trail meanders through their land. Opened in October of 2011, the trail is maintained by the Bluff Country Hiking Club, and the Bailey's cooperation and enthusiasm was crucial to the success of the project. Complete with educational signs, the trail is a wonderful marriage of recreation and forest education. Second, there's this thing about Mary and bluebirds. For more information on that, see the article on the Bluebird Recovery Program in this issue.
For their efforts in conservation, public education, forest improvement, and making their woodlands available to the public for recreational activities, Steve Bailey, and Bill and Mary Bailey are certainly worthy recipients of the Tree Farmer of the Year award and an inspiration to all woodland owners.
Peter & Debra Jensen, Princeton MN
By Linda K. Dinkel, Editor
If you stand in the middle of Peter and Debra Jensen's land just west of Princeton, on and rotate in a slow circle, you don't have to turn very far before your eyes fall upon another work in progress. Right beside the huge firewood pile is a mortise and tenon shed under construction, rising up next to the portable sawmill, which sits next to a solar kiln, which overlooks an octagon-shaped yurt in the pasture with the donkeys. A walk in the woods would take you past carefully logged forests replanted, direct seeded or regenerating on their own, ongoing battles against buckthorn and oak wilt, and a prairie restoration project. With Peter just retiring this past June from his medical practice, one can only imagine what projects will be next!
"The first time I saw this land, I was canoeing the creek with the owner, Jack Grill (sp?). I just thought it was an incredibly beautiful piece of property, and I let Jack know I would be interested in it if they were ever ready to sell. Jack and Dorothy really didn't want to see the land developed even though they were approached numerous times. In 1990, we bought the first 80-acre parcel and built our home," said Peter. Over the next 10 years, Peter and Debra bought the remaining 110 acres, developing a close relationship with Dorothy Grill, especially after Jack passed away. "Dorothy is still a part of this property," said Debra. "It's been fun to share with her what new projects we've undertaken on the land that she and Jack loved."
New projects, indeed. After building their home and settling in, the Jensens spent some years enjoying the land and learning about what they had. Much of the focus for the beginning phases of work was laid out in their first land stewardship completed 12 years ago. "The Grills had planted 20 acres in mixed pines in the late '50s, and it needed work. We pruned and thinned, and seven years ago, hired loggers to clear-cut the stand of scotch pine. "We're amazed how the birch have regenerated in the clear-cut," said Peter. "It's really becoming a beautiful woods without much input from us." In fact, while they did plant over 10,000 Norway and white pine seedlings in 2001, Peter has become a huge fan of regeneration and direct seeding as opposed to planting bare rootstock. "If I fill out a tree order now, I try to cut it in half when I get to the end. My plans are always bigger than my time and energy, and for the investment, it just doesn't seem worth it. There are other ways to regrow trees."
In 2014, Jensens worked with Sherburne County Resource Conservationist Gina Hugo to write up a new Forest Stewardship Plan. "There is significant oak wilt in the area and that's a huge management challenge as the Jensens have large stands of red, white and burr oak," said Gina. This fall, loggers have been selectively harvesting oak to increase spacing in hopes of slowing the progress of the disease. Everything from the harvest is sold as firewood or mulch.
While three of Debra's four children have moved west in recent years, Luke has found a broad canvas on the land for his varied interests. "Luke is behind the yurt, the solar kiln and the mortis and tenon shed," said Debra. "He loves to read and research new projects, teach himself any skills he might need, and then build something new. Most of the building projects you see here are Luke's brainchild." While Peter enjoys these new endeavors, his focus tends toward the more typical pursuits. "Cutting firewood is my main form of mental health maintenance. It's straightforward, mindless work that I enjoy."
According to Gina Hugo, the Jensens have been a joy to work with. "Peter and Debra are genuinely kind people and are so rewarding for me to work with," said Hugo. "They are motivated by the simple pleasures that sustainably working their land brings, and have taken steps to preserve their legacy by enrolling a significant portion of their property in the Minnesota Land Trust."
Talking to Peter, he easily sums up their views of land stewardship. "I know that I won't see these white pine become lumber, but someone has to plant them and tend them. Someone has to take care of today's forests for tomorrow."
David & Carole Cartwright, Rush City MN
By Linda K. Dinkel, Editor
Take equal parts physicist and science teacher. Place in a beaker marked "retirement", shake vigorously and release on 160 acres of Minnesota farmland. Stand back…at a safe distance, in fact…because this is not your grandparents' idea of retirement.
David and Carole Cartwrights both grew up in the Twin Cities area, but work took them far afield. After living for a time in California, David spent many years working at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico as a physicist, (he is quick to point out that he never worked on weaponry). Carole taught junior and senior high science and operated a pre-school in Los Alamos while raising their 3 children. When retirement time came in 2003, they had already laid the groundwork for moving to 174 acres they had purchased in Oregon. Before they could make the move, however, Carole found herself the inheritor of her grandparents' farm on the north-shore of East Rush Lake. It's beautiful country, with rolling hills gently sloping to the lake and abundant wildlife. After weighing their options, they sold the Washington acres and started making plans.
Of course, with two science-minded retirees, one shouldn't be surprised that "growing trees" means more than just putting some seedlings in the ground. In fact, on visiting the Cartwrights, one immediately senses the exceptional team they make, with the intensity of Dave's passion for experimenting, the down-to earth (literally) satisfaction that Carole gets from working the land, and enjoyment they both get from working closely together. It's obvious that they're equal partners in the work of bringing their plans and dreams to fruition.
One of the Cartwright's ongoing experiments focuses on tree zone hardiness. "Zone hardiness is a 'bell-shaped' curve," said David. "Trees at the upper end of the curve will survive in colder climates while those in the lower end won't. I'm experimenting with a variety of trees to see which ones will survive here and which ones won't. I want to know by empirical evidence that a given species of tree can or can't grow on our farm." To that end, they've collected seeds in Oregon and North Carolina that are then germinated in their sun room and planted in the spring. "We started growing Allegheny Black Cherry here on our farm in 2007. Our conclusion is it grows very well in Minnesota!" You can also find Persian Walnut, Shagbark Hickory, Shellbark Hickory, Grimo Hazelnuts, butternut and hybrid butternut, all pushing the zone hardiness on the gentle slopes and fields of the farm. In addition to these experimental trees, Dave and Carol also plant trees more common to Minnesota. In all, they've planet over 22,000 trees since 2004. And yes, a few Ponderosa pine can be found on the Cartwright's spread.
Like so many woodland owners, they've had their fair share of battles with the likes of buckthorn, Asiatic bittersweet vine and ironwood. However, their war on prickly ash came to an abrupt halt after a meeting with Olaf Runquist, professor of Organic Chemistry at Hamline University. "Runquist told us to stop killing prickly ash because it has medicinal properties," said David. "It intrigued me so much that I knew I had to start my own experiments." To make a tincture of prickly ash, David cuts the stem and branches into 12 inch sections and then into 1 inch pieces, peels the bark, and packs it into quart jars. He covers the bark with vodka and lets it sit in a cool, dark place for 10 to 14 days, shaking it every one to two days. The mixture is pressed and filtered, then stored in a dark jar for up to two years. The tincture is used topically. "What prickly ash does, very effectively, is dilate capillaries and increase circulation to remove 'poisons' from sore muscles and joints." He's anxious to see the results of prickly ash experiments being conducted this fall at Hamline.
The Cartwrights will continue to experiment with all things "trees". They enjoy applying their first careers as scientists in a beautiful setting with a long family history. And for what purpose? "We look at this farm as a long-term investment that goes far beyond David and me living here" said Carole. "We're concerned that the land remains undeveloped." To that end, the Cartwrights are looking into the Conservation Easement program.
With their vision, enthusiasm, and work ethic, their retirement keeps them busier than ever, and they wouldn't have it any other way.
Carl Wegner, Grand Rapids
Life has a funny way of taking you down paths you don't plan nor expect. "I grew up in south Minneapolis and, at the time, didn't like talking to people much," recalled Carl Wegner of Grand Rapids, Minnesota. "We owned a lake place in Wisconsin where my dad taught me to hunt and fish and just spend time in the woods. In high school, I started thinking that a career in forestry was pretty appealing because I would be surrounded by trees, not people." Well…at least he got the career part right.
After graduating from the University of Minnesota in 1964 with a degree in Forestry, Carl was hired by the North Central Experimental Station in Grand Rapids to teach their 6-month Forestry Tech program. "Here I was, a guy who didn't want to talk to people, standing in front of a classroom full of students teaching them to be Forestry Technicians. Needless to say, after 12 years of that, I became a lot more comfortable talking to people." By 1967, Carl was in a joint position, continuing to teach classes as well as becoming the Itasca County Extension Forester where he worked on Tree Farm management plans, held logging and maple syrup workshops, and supervised the Christmas Tree Growers educational programs.
"At some point, one of the Christmas tree growers asked me, 'How can you teach us about growing Christmas trees if you don't grow them yourself?' And that's how I got in to growing Christmas trees."
In 1970, Carl entered a partnership with Hugh Beaumont (yes, of Leave it to Beaver fame) who owned an active Christmas Tree farm in the area. They sold their first trees in 1972. By 1979, Carl and wife Jillaine purchased the 140 acre farm and never looked back. "When we started, we followed the most current specifications. In the 1970s, that meant 6 by 6 foot spacing. Now we know that's way too narrow, but once you start an area with a certain spacing, you're pretty much stuck with it," said Carl.
While many practices have come and gone over the years, the love of tree farming is a constant along with an ever-present interest in improving his product by pursuing a better Christmas tree. "Bill Sayward at Itasca Green House used to live on the east coast and was instrumental in creating a system of critiquing trees for the best Christmas tree characteristics. When he moved to Minnesota, he brought that expertise with him. In 1988, I attended the National Christmas Tree Growers convention in New Hampshire where I first saw the New Hampshire blue balsam. I purchased 1000 seedlings and brought them back here to plant. Working with Bill, we've saved the best trees from that planting for taking scions for grafting to other root stock and for collecting seed," said Carl.
Every August 15th finds Carl at his New Hampshire Blues, testing their cones for harvest. "By squeezing the cones and listening, you can tell how close they are to being ready." When the sound it right, which Carl describes as a dry, squeaky sound, he picks the cones and places them on burlap in the shop where they continue the dry down process. Once they're ready, he places a screen over a 5-gallon pail and rolls the cones, collecting the seeds in the pail.
"In mid-October, I broadcast seed the bed, and in spring we put a shade tunnel over them. They grow there for three years before I transplant them to another bed with more space to grow for another two years," said Carl. After 5 years or more, the seedlings are ready for the field. "During planting season, I dig enough seedlings for planting the next day, trim the roots, and eliminate multiple tops. The next morning they're ready to be put in the ground," said Carl. Besides the blue balsam grown on site, Wegner orders other varieties of conifers from the DNR. Son Eric also works in the operation along with one other employee, taking care of most of the planting, shearing, harvesting and marketing. Currently, they have 50 acres in Christmas trees, selling around 2,500 trees per year in northwestern Minnesota, Duluth, the Twin Cities, and eastern North Dakota.
Wegner continues to use his forestry and educational background in various ways, including field days at their farm featuring sawmill clinics and Christmas tree workshops, and in 2005, hosting the National Exotic Conifer Conference.
Though retired from Extension work in 1997, Carl has yet to slow down. In May of this year, he was recognized as the northern region Tree Farmer of the Year. He laments the fact that few young people are going in to the Christmas tree growing business. "The market is good and there are a lot of opportunites for Christmas tree growers, but there isn't a lot of new blood getting in to it. For one thing, you have to have the land, and it's just too expensive if you don't already have it in the family. For another, it's pretty labor intensive. You have to be willing to work hard and want to be around trees, just like I did as a kid."
Since retirement, Carl has come full circle and now spends much more time surrounded by trees than by people. He certainly seems to be comfortable in both environments, but you won't hear him complain that he's finally living out the job description he planned on over 50 years ago.
Jim & Linda Mielke, Center City MN
One can't help but feel a warm welcome when walking into Jim and Linda Mielke's home just outside of Center City, Minnesota. Part of it comes from the home-harvested wood that lines the walls and forms its cabinets and furniture. Part of it is the earth-sheltered home they built, nestled against a south-facing slope. But underneath it all is Jim and Linda themselves and the vision and stewardship they've poured into the woods surrounding their home. Like so many MFA members, the passion for trees and working with wood started long before they bought their own land. For Jim, it started in his dad's workshop."My Dad taught high school biology and horticulture and had a large green house, so he certainly played a part in planting an interest in me for things that grow. But it was his wood working skills that really caught my attention. He built our entire staircase at home, turning every spindle himself." As a youngster, Jim spent a lot of time in his dad's shop, cultivating a love for woodworking.
Years later, when Jim and Linda found themselves employed by the North Branch school district, they looked for a wooded acreage to set up a home and raise their family. They found an ideal spot with 13 acres of red and white oak, maple, basswood and ash, eventually purchasing adjacent land that brought their total land to just under 20 acres.
"We built the house in 1978 and then spent a number of years finishing the inside," said Linda. By the early 80's, they had their first forest management plan written up and began harvesting the mature red and white oak trees and sawed them on their first sawmill. Jim remembers cutting a 16' and 14' log from one huge, red oak whose boards now enclose the beams in their open living room. "It took two tractors just to load them up on the hay wagon," said Jim. During this time, the Mielkes and their sons Aaron and Curt set up a road side stand, selling firewood to the people visiting Wild River State Park.
Jim spent many hours finishing their home in the lumber from their woods, using figured hard maple to build the drawers in their dining room hutch, and green ash and red oak in the two bedrooms' closets and furnishings. The centerpiece of their home is a beautiful maple table and 6 chairs, all built by Jim. "Each chair has 28 mortise and tenon joints. It took years to finish them."
In the late 80's the Mielkes purchased an hydraulic Woodmizer and also built a kiln from a pattern found in American Woodworker. They continued to harvest and sell lumber to other carpenters and wood workers. But of course, the work of forest management continues. "The understory species of maple and basswood took off a little too much after we harvested the mature oaks and opened up the canopy. Unfortunately, so did the buckthorn. I harvest a few basswood every year for carving, and we're working to re-establish the oaks. The buckthorn is an on-going battle."
Peggy Meseroll & Family, Esko MN
Just because you inherit land, doesn't mean you'll inherit a love for it. Fortunately, Peggy Meseroll's father, Ray Maki, was adept at passing on both, and his legacy lives on through his children.
"I remember playing in the woods when I was a kid, and that's where my love for trees started," Peggy reminisced. "All of us kids spent time in the woods helping Dad make firewood for an indoor wood stove and a sauna we had in the basement."
Ray and Katharine Maki bought a 120-acre farm outside of Esko in northeastern Minnesota in 1946, adding to it over the years. After several years as a small dairy farmer and beef producer, Ray went to work full time off the farm in the late 60's. "Dad had raised oats and hay for feed, and he didn't want the fields to go to brush. That's when he started getting trees from General Andrews Nursery. He planted thousands of trees every year, mostly red pine, with some spruce and fir, too, depending on the terrain."
As a welder/pipefitter for Conoco with a flair for inventing, Maki put his skills to use in his reforestation plan. "Dad put a tree planter on the back of our tractor that us kids sat in, planting thousands of seedlings. To combat weed pressure, he invented and welded his own stainless steel attachment for the front of the tractor that applied herbicide on either side of the seedlings." The newly planted trees got a head start on the competition, and Maki's invention went on to be used by other tree planters.
When her folks passed away, Peggy and siblings Scott and Mary put the land in an LLC. "Each of us live on a piece of the original farm. I joined MFA in 2008 and contacted the DNR to set up a new forest management plan. In 2013 we started implementing part of the plan with some thinning in one 40 acre plot, and a clear cut in part of another 40. This year we worked with Jan Bernu, a private forester I met through the Woman's Woodland Association. Jan helped us contract with Bell Timber to selectively harvest red pines for utility poles in two other 40-acre sites."
Asked what advice she might like to pass on to others, Peggy was quick to respond. "I get a lot of good information from the meetings I go to and the publications I read, but I don't have much time to share it with my siblings. There are things we could do to manage our land better. Our first priority should be to talk with all of our own children about their interests in the land so we can start making plans for the future. Hopefully, we can pass on my dad's dream and hard work to the next generation."
Tim & Susan Gossman, Chatfield MN
The southeastern Minnesota farm Tim and Susan Gossman bought 30 years ago has brought endless joy, and work, to the family. They have named their place Thorn Apple Farm which is reminiscent of what local farmers used to call the Hawthorne growing in the area.
The farm, located near Rochester and six miles from Chatfield, is 200 acres. Originally it was has half wooded and half crop and pasture land. Now, 30 acres of the pasture land have been converted to forest.
Managing and caring for the land has been a family affair. When Tim and Susan bought the farm, their daughters, Sophia and Sarah, were in elementary school. All pitched in to plant and prune Christmas trees and perform other woodland tasks. Today, after graduating from college, the daughters still come back to help.
One of Tim and Susan's achievements is a great example of neighbors working with neighbors, the Lost Creek Hiking Trail. Four neighbors got together and discussed the possibility of a trail going across their land. There are lots of bike trails in the area but few hiking trails. The neighbors settled on a hiking trail.
Today, the Lost Creek Hiking Trail extends six and a half miles from Chatfield to Tim and Susan's farm. The route crosses the land of six private owners who have all signed easements for the trail. Construction of the trail was done by volunteers using donated materials, including materials for a bridge crossing the creek.
The neighbors did obtain one grant to erect signs along the trail. Now 31 signs point out good forestry practices along the trail. Tim says, "The signs make it possible for people to take an educational field trip anytime they want."
The Bluff Country Hiking Club, which manages the trail and maintains liability insurance covering the landowners, has a nice web site at www.BluffCountryHikingClub.org
Another of Tim and Susan's major projects on the farm is reforesting the creek valley which had been overtaken by reed canary grass. Two major strategies were adopted, one for areas of the valley that could be worked with a tractor and the other for areas inaccessible to tractors.
Work in the tractor accessible areas the strategy, carried out over several years, was to control the reed canary grass through a combination of prescribed burning, herbicide application, mowing and tillage. Once the reed canary grass was mostly eliminated, a mixture of bottom land hardwoods and shrubs were planted by direct seeding. The misture included Kentucky coffee tree (featured in Meet a Tree in this issue), black walnut, burr oak swamp white oak, plus plum, black cherry, alternate leaf dogwood, high bush cranberry and grey twig dogwood. After the trees and shrubs sprouted, the challenge was to protect them from deer, which was done with annual bud capping and installing tree shelters.
A different strategy was followed for those creek valley areas which are not accessible to a tractor. This strategy was based on the fact that reed canary grass requires full sun to thrive and will die off in shade. Here fence post sized poles of willow and dogwood were planted. Once these trees shad out the reed canary grass, other bottomland tree and shrub species can be planted for additional diversity.
Tim Gossman created a power point presentation on both the Lost Creek Hiking Trail and the restoration of the creek bottom land. This presentation, which over 80 photos, can be reviewed on our web site at Tim and Susan's Member Profile at www.MinnesotaForestry.org.
Oh, by the way, in recognition of the work they have with the hiking club, reforestation of pasture and of the creek bottomland, Tim and Susan were named 2014 Tree Farmers of the Year for the Southeast Region.
Steve & Christy Earley - Cedar Grove Farm - Internatonal Falls
Late summer in the early 1930s, Margaret Earley, Steve Earley's aunt, had a dilemma. For her 4-H calf to show at the Minnesota State Fair, rules required a farm name. Inspiration was an upland cedar stand just north of the farm house, and Cedar Grove Farm was her choice. Margaret is gone but the cedar stand, now over 130 years old, still stands. When Steve's family started selling garden produce and custom Christmas wreaths the business name was a "no-brainer". After 80 years, Margaret's Cedar Grove Farm name was revived and the fourth generation of the Earley family to earn a wage at Cedar Grove Farm began.
Steve and Christy are both retired, Steve from the Boise paper mill in International Falls, and Christy from Minnesota Extension Service. They have two teenagers, Eric and Anna who get an equal share of revenue from Cedar Grove Farm as long as they do equal work.
Christy and the kids make and sell 60 to 70 Christmas wreaths each year. Harvesting of balsam fir, spruce, pine, cedar and red-osier dogwood begins after the second hard frost and, if lucky, ends before deer season. A double frost assures the greens remain green for a long time. All the greens are locally harvested from the Farm or a friendly neighbor's woodlot. Wreath making is Christy's specialty, handed down from her mother, a national award winning wreath maker.
Beginning in early July, the family sells produce from the
garden such as spinach, sugar snap peas, rhubarb, celery and pumpkins. The gardening is tough work and not as
popular with the equal partners during the hot summer. Work begins in April with the starting of
seeds inside, even though snow piles remain outside. Garden planting is done by Memorial Day.
Cedar Grove Farm covers 100 acres south of the Canadian border. The farm is mostly clay soils with 30 acres of aspen, balsam fir and white spruce and 70 acres of fields. While the first and second generation of Earleys toiled clearing the land of trees so crops could be planted and dairy cows pastured, the subsequent generations have been planting trees in those same fields and pastures.
The woodland has been enrolled in the Tree Farm Program since the 1980s. Steve is active in Tree Farm's Grass Tops program which advocates for better policies and laws that benefit private woodland owners, in Minnesota and across the country.
Steve was recruited for MFA membership in the early 1980s by Mike Latimer. To include Christy and the children, they now have a Family Membership. Recently, Steve served on MFA's Board of Directors in 2012-2013.
Will there be a fifth generation to live and work on Cedar Grove Farm? Only time will tell but one teen already is looking at a career in forestry.
Priscilla & Harvey Harvala
It is with sadness that we announce the passing of Priscilla Harvala. Her husband, Harvey, wrote this:
Priscilla passed away in peace at 5:15 p.m. last evening, October 6, 2014. Joining me at her side were three of our five children and her sister, Connie. Priscilla finally has no more pain from the pancreatic cancer and will rest comfortably in her heavenly home with the gift of everlasting life. She is at home in the refuge of the Lord. Priscilla was an incredible woman and will be missed by her family, her many friends and me.
Priscilla worked with Harvey last May to write their profile below:
As part of their retirement plan, Priscilla and Harvey Harvala moved in July 2009 from 50 wooded acres in Esko, where they had lived for 34 years raising their five children, to 300 acres near Snellman, Minnesota and the Smokey Hills State Forest. This is the homestead property where Harvey was born and raised along with his seven siblings. (Snellman is in Becker County, east of Detroit Lakes and west of Park Rapids.)
The tongue and groove wood for the floors, vaulted ceilings boards, and trim were all cut from the oaks on the property that had been damaged by porcupines.
Priscilla retired from a career as a buyer at Potlatch Corporation in Cloquet and Harvey continues his consulting engineering career from his home office. All of their property is managed under the 2c Forest Management Plan, which has proven to be very helpful in reducing property taxes. They are interested in considering property management under a LLC.
The property is located in a transitional zone between the coniferous and deciduous forests and, as a result, has a wide variety of tree species. Priscilla said, "Living in a rural area requires hard work at times and lots of equipment to maintain the property, but is also keeps us physically active. We have always enjoyed the freedom of country living and sharing space with all the wild animals of the forest."
They recruit family and friends of all ages to share in the work of tapping approximately 400 trees. Even grandchildren get involved in collecting sap and stacking wood. Three outside wood stoves are used to boil the sap in stainless steel pans. After the finishing is done outside, Priscilla does the bottling in the kitchen in bottles bearing their own label, "Old Saps' Maple Syrup!" The final product is distributed among the helpers.
When people ask Priscilla and Harvey how they know when the maple syrup season starts and ends, they always answer with this old saying: "The sap starts running when the crows begin cawing in the spring, and the sap run ends when the frogs start singing!" It is amazing how accurate this tale has proven to be!
Alan & Sharon Finifrock


text:
Just as I expected the color is as shown love them
Just as I expected the color is as shown love them
I really love these curtains. Purchased the orange color. It's beautiful. Quality is great. Will order from Touch of Class again.
These curtains are very nice for the price. They ironed up really well and look great. What a bargain.
These curtains are just what I wanted! They look exactly like the picture just beautiful they really brighten up my family room!
very sheer and not thick at all no sun protection so that color will not fade but pretty. also i had to purhase four more than usually needed for these very small windows because they are too flimsy and thin


text:
Announce the new arrival with a photo banner!
Create a custom banner for your business, organization, or party! We offer both indoor and outdoor banners in a variety of sizes, so you can get exactly what you need. And as always, personalization is free!
Choose from Vinyl Indoor, Attach N' Go Indoor, Outdoor or Outdoor with Slits.
Vinyl Indoor Banner features:
Attach N' Go Indoor Banner features:
Outdoor Banner features:
Outdoor Banner with Slits features:
Banners will be printed exactly as shown with the exception to the white border that will surround your banner's outer edges and is printed with our company logo tagline. Please, take a moment to review your final selections and check your spelling.
We reserve the right to refuse any objectionable material. We will not reproduce materials that are deemed to be offensive or obscene.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, contact our Customer Service Department at (email@example.com or 1-800-227-2789).
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Best Uses
Reviewed by 3 customers
Sort by
Best Uses
use for christening, banner looks like it is
Best Uses
I love my banner
Best Uses
Great Banner!! I loved it and so didn't everyone else at the babyshower!!
Thanks so much!!
Deana Games


text:
Most Cited Geotextiles and Geomembranes Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Factors affecting GCL hydration under isothermal conditionsM. T. Rayhani | R. K. Rowe | R. W I Brachman | W. A. Take | G. Siemens
Volume 29, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 525-533
The hydration of different GCLs from the pore water of the underlying foundation soil is investigated for isothermal conditions at room temperature. Results are reported for three different reinforced (needle punched) GCL products. Both a silty sand (SM) and sand (SP) foundation soil are examined. GCL hydration is shown to be highly dependant on the initial moisture content of the foundation soil. GCLs on a foundation soil with a moisture content close to field capacity hydrated to a moisture content essentially the same as if immersed in water while those on soil at an initial moisture content close to residual only hydrated to a gravimetric moisture content of 30-35%. The method of GCL manufacture is shown to have an effect on the rate of hydration and the final moisture content. The presence or absence of a small (2 kPa) seating pressure is shown to affect the rate of hydration but not the final moisture content. The GCL hydration did not change significantly irrespective of whether a nonwoven cover or woven carrier GCL rested on the foundation soil. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Model experiments on piled embankments. Part IS. J M Van Eekelen | A. Bezuijen | H. J. Lodder | A. F. Van Tol
Volume 32, Issue , June 2012, Pages 69-81
A series of twelve 3D laboratory model tests was performed on piled embankments. In this first part of a two-part study, the measured load distribution, deformation, and strains are presented and analysed. In the second part, the measurements are compared with calculations using EBGEO (2010), and suggestions are given for improvements to this calculation model.In the test series, the vertical load parts on the piles, on the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR), and on the subsoil could be measured separately. This makes it possible to compare the test results with the separate parts of the analytical models. For the test conditions (static load, laboratory scale), smooth relationships were obtained between the net load on the fill (top load on fill minus subsoil support) and several measured parameters, such as load distribution and deformation. Consolidation of the subsoil resulted in an increasing load transferred through the GR, and also an increase of arching. The measured response to consolidation depends on the fill's friction angle. A higher friction angle gives more arching during consolidation.Loading on the geosynthetic reinforcement is concentrated on the strips lying above and between adjacent piles (the " GR strips" ). The line load on a GR strip has the distribution of an inverse triangle, although the load may be even more concentrated around the pile caps than this indicates. This follows from the measured shape of the deformed GR.A geogrid gives negligible differences in comparison with a geotextile. No difference is found between the use of a single biaxial grid layer and two uniaxial grid layers positioned directly on top of each other. Only limited differences were found between a situation with one grid layer, and one where two grid layers were used with a layer of granular material in between. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Geosynthetic-encased stone columns: Analytical calculation modelBoštjan Pulko | Bojan Majes | Janko Logar
Volume 29, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 29-39
This paper presents a newly developed design method for non-encased and encased stone columns. The developed analytical closed-form solution is based on previous solutions, initially developed for non-encased columns and for non-dilating rigid-plastic column material. In the present method, the initial stresses in the soil/column are taken into account, with the column considered as an elasto-plastic material with constant dilatancy, the soil as an elastic material and the geosynthetic encasement as a linear-elastic material. To check the validity of the assumptions and the ability of the method to give reasonable predictions of settlements, stresses and encasement forces, comparative elasto-plastic finite element analyses have been performed. The agreement between the two methods is very good, which was the reason that the new method was used to generate a parametric study in order to investigate various parameters, such as soil/column parameters, replacement ratio, load level and geosynthetic encasement stiffness on the behaviour of the improved ground. The results of this study show the influence of key parameters and provide a basis for the rational predictions of settlement response for various encasement stiffnesses, column arrangements and load levels. The practical use of the method is illustrated through the design chart, which enables preliminary selection of column spacing and encasement stiffness to achieve the desired settlement reduction for the selected set of the soil/column parameters. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Soft ground improvement via vertical drains and vacuum assisted preloadingB. Indraratna | C. Rujikiatkamjorn | A. S. Balasubramaniam | G. McIntosh
Volume 30, Issue , February 2012, Pages 16-23
Application of vacuum assisted preloading is an imperative method when a considerable load is required to meet the desired rate of settlement and an increase in the undrained shear strength upon consolidation. Moreover, where lateral displacements at the edge of a coastal embankment need to be controlled, application of vacuum pressure with a cut off offers the optimum solution. To facilitate vacuum propagation, vertical drains are usually employed in conjunction. The installation of vertical drains using a steel mandrel creates significant remoulding of the subsoil surrounding the drains thereby, reducing soil permeability and adversely affecting the soil consolidation process. In this paper, the simulation of vacuum assisted consolidation using the spectral method and finite element analysis is carried out. Subsequently, the 2D and 3D numerical multi-drain analyses are conducted to predict the excess pore pressures, lateral and vertical displacements. The performance of two selected case histories at the sites of Suvarnabhumi Airport, Thailand and Tianjin Port, China are discussed and analysed. The numerical predictions are then compared with the available field data. Finally, a procedure for the design of vertical drains is presented with a worked-out example. © 2011.
Analysis and modification of the British Standard BS8006 for the design of piled embankmentsS. J M van Eekelen | A. Bezuijen | A. F. van Tol
Volume 29, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 345-359
The piled embankment is an increasingly popular construction method. The Dutch Design Guideline for piled embankments (CUR 226) was published in the first half of 2010. Several existing models have been analysed to determine the calculation rules used in the Dutch Guideline. The British Standard BS8006 sometimes calculates tensile forces in the geosynthetic reinforcement that differ considerably from other models. For quite thin embankments in particular, BS8006 designs a relatively strong and thus expensive geosynthetic (basal) reinforcement in comparison with other design models. These differences are not always fully understood, leading to uncertainty. This paper analyses BS8006 and demonstrates why it behaves differently from other models. It also examines why this behaviour is different than would be expected. For example, it is shown that calculations using BS8006 are based on a higher load than the actual load. A modification to BS8006 is proposed, which is shown to give comparable results to the German Standard EBGEO for situations where there is no subsoil support. The results of BS8006, Modified BS8006, and the German/Dutch guideline are compared with finite element calculations and field measurements. It is concluded that the results given by the Modified BS8006 are more accurate to those using BS8006. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Discrete element modelling of cyclic loads of geogrid-reinforced ballast under confined and unconfined conditionsCheng Chen | G. R. McDowell | N. H. Thom
Volume 35, Issue , December 2012, Pages 76-86
The discrete element method has been used to simulate cyclic loading of geogrid-reinforced ballast under confined and unconfined conditions. For the confined condition, box tests have been simulated on unreinforced samples and reinforced samples with different geogrid positions and geogrid apertures. The response of the ballast layer reinforced with geogrid under repeated loading agrees with experimental results. It was found that the optimum location of geogrid is 100 mm depth from base, and the triaxial geogrid outperforms biaxial geogrid. For the unconfined condition, cyclic loading of a trough of ballast (the Composite Element Test (CET) devised by Brown et al. (2007)) has also been simulated, and the sample with the geogrid at 50 mm from the sub-ballast layer performs better than that at 100 mm or 150 mm from the sub-ballast. It was also found that the used of two geogrids at both 50 mm and 150 mm from the sub-ballast gave smaller settlement than using a single layer geogrid, or the unreinforced ballast. However the double-reinforced ballast performs only marginally better than the sample reinforced 50 mm above the sub-ballast. The geogrid reinforcement limits the lateral displacement in reinforced zone, which is approximately 50 mm above and below the geogrid. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
An analytical model for arching in piled embankmentsS. J M Van Eekelen | A. Bezuijen | A. F. Van Tol
Volume 39, Issue , August 2013, Pages 78-102
Most analytical models for the design of piled embankments or load transfer platforms with geosynthetic reinforcement (GR) include two calculation steps. Step 1 calculates the arching behaviour in the fill and step 2 the load-deflection behaviour of the GR. A calculation method for step 2 based on the results of model tests has been published by Van Eekelen etal. (2012a,b). The present paper analyses and presents a new model for step 1, which is the arching step. Additional tests, which are also presented in this paper, were conducted for this purpose.The new model is a limit-state equilibrium model with concentric arches. It is an extension of the models of Hewlett and Randolph (1988) and Zaeske (2001). The new model results in a better representation of the arching measured in the experiments than the other models mentioned, especially for relatively thin fills.Introducing GR in a piled embankment results in a more efficient transfer of load to the piles in the form of an arching mechanism. The load is then exerted mainly on the piles and the GR strips between the piles, on which the load is approximately distributed as an inverse triangle. The new model presented in this paper describes this behaviour and is therefore meant to describe the situation with GR. The new model provides a physical explanation for observations of the arching mechanism, especially the load distribution on the GR. Other observations with which this model concurs are the dependency on fill height and friction angle. The amount of arching increases with increasing subsoil consolidation and GR deflection. The paper describes how the new model relates to the development of arching as a result of subsoil consolidation. © 2013.
PVD improvement combined with surcharge and vacuum preloading including simulationsJ. Saowapakpiboon | D. T. Bergado | P. Voottipruex | L. G. Lam | K. Nakakuma
Volume 29, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 74-82
This paper presents the study of PVD improved reconstituted specimen with and without vacuum preloading on large-scale consolidometer in the laboratory tests. Subsequently, the results of the laboratory tests were analyzed and simulated by 2D (axisymmetric) finite element method (FEM) to back-analyze and confirm the related design parameters which were used further in subsequent numerical experiments. The laboratory test results indicated that the increased hydraulic conductivity in the smear zone of PVD with vacuum preloading (Vacuum-PVD) resulted in the increase in the coefficient of horizontal consolidation (Ch) by 16% as well as the decrease in the ratio between the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the undisturbed zone (Kh) to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the smear zone (Ks) or (Kh/Ks) of about 10%. The Vacuum-PVD and PVD only have the same settlement magnitudes with similar equivalent loads. © 2010.
Accelerated pavement testing of unpaved roads with geocell-reinforced sand basesXiaoming Yang | Jie Han | Sanat K. Pokharel | Chandra Manandhar | Robert L. Parsons | Dov Leshchinsky | Izhar Halahmi
Volume 32, Issue , June 2012, Pages 95-103
Accelerated pavement testing (APT) is an effective method in evaluating pavement performances by applying controlled wheel loading under environmental conditions. This note presents the findings from an accelerated pavement test on unpaved road sections involving geocell reinforcement of sand bases. A total of four unpaved road sections were constructed. Sections 1 and 4 were unreinforced sections first with sand bases and then replaced with aggregate bases after failure. Sections 2 and 3 were sand sections reinforced with novel polymeric alloy (NPA) geocell under an aggregate cover layer. Rut depths developed in each section were measured after a certain number of wheel passes. Horizontal strains at different locations in the NPA geocell were monitored by strain gages. Test results demonstrated that the NPA geocell had a significant effect in improving the stability of unpaved roads and reducing the permanent deformation. Under the particular test condition, the NPA geocell-reinforced sand layer behaved equivalently to the A-1-a aggregate of the same thickness. The deformations of the geocell-reinforced road sections were analyzed. The test also revealed the importance of keeping the geocell structure intact to ensure the adequate performance of NPA geocell-reinforced bases. Strain gage measurements showed that the NPA geocell beneath the wheel path experienced tensile stresses whereas the geocell outside the wheel path experienced compressive stresses. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Numerical modeling of behavior of railway ballasted structure with geocell confinementBen Leshchinsky | Hoe I. Ling
Volume 36, Issue , February 2013, Pages 33-43
Railroad foundations are geotechnical structures that are highly dependent on quality ballast to dampen impact loading and railway vibration, facilitate easy construction, distribute stresses more evenly, reduce long-term settlements and provide a competent base under low confining pressures. However, there are various instances where the use of ballast alone may not be completely adequate or could be prohibitively expensive, i.e. costly transport of select materials, weak subgrade, etc. One possible method of managing these issues is the use of geosynthetics, primarily reinforcements that utilize a confining mechanism to enhance the strength of a soil by utilizing its own internal friction: a mechanism where geocell is applicable. Based on prior large-scale laboratory tests of ballast embankments with geocell confinement and relevant numerical modeling, an acceptable material model was validated for a parametric study using finite element analysis. The purpose of the parametric study is to investigate the effects of geocell confinement on ballasted embankments when encountering a soft subgrade, weaker ballast, or varying reinforcement stiffnesses. This analysis suggests that based on numerical modeling, geocell confinement can have a significant benefit when used on a wide range of subgrade stiffnesses, when using weaker ballast and that mechanically, most polymeric materials commonly used for geosynthetic reinforcements are adequate. The composite effect of the confined ballast selected as infill also demonstrates a " mattressing" effect, distributing stresses more uniformly to the subgrade, which can provide higher bearing capacities and possibly less settlement, all while preventing significant lateral spreading. In certain situations, the benefits provided by behavior of the geocell-ballast composite may be economical by allowing for use of weaker/inferior ballast, less embankment maintenance upon problem soils, improved bearing capacity and reduced foundation settlement. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Visualization of soil arching on reinforced embankment with rigid pile foundation using X-ray CTT. Eskişar | J. Otani | J. Hironaka
Volume 32, Issue , June 2012, Pages 44-54
The purpose of this paper is to study and compare arching in reinforced and unreinforced piled embankments for different fill materials and pile spacings. Toyoura sand, silica sand no.7, silica sand no.8 and dry powder clay are used as fill materials. In this study, X-ray CT method is used as a non-destructive technique to examine the load distribution mechanism quantitatively. Vertical cross sectional images are constructed by the data obtained from CT scanning. It is seen that low density areas represent the shear planes and dilatancy in the arch within the piled embankment. The angle of density change is defined as the angle formed by the arch-shaped shear plane and the horizontal plane within the inter-pile soil. While Toyoura sand has the smallest angle of density change due to the largest peak internal friction angle and the effective particle size, dry powder clay has the largest angle of density change. The earth reinforcement is found to be effective with the use of pile elements for the purpose of stress re-distribution in the fill. Furthermore, the amount of the embankment loading is visualized by three dimensional extraction images. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by conducting a comparative study with the current Japanese design model. It is shown that, using X-ray CT method and visualization techniques provide a better understanding of soil arching in a reinforced embankment with rigid pile foundation system. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels of foulingBuddhima Indraratna | Ngoc Trung Ngo | Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn
Volume 29, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 313-322
This paper presents a study of how the interface between ballast and geogrid copes with fouling by coal fines. The stress-displacement behavior of fresh and fouled ballast, and geogrid reinforced ballast was investigated through a series of large-scale direct shear tests where the levels of fouling ranged from 0% to 95% Void Contamination Index (VCI), at relatively low normal stresses varying from 15 kPa to 75 kPa. The results indicated that geogrid increases the shear strength and apparent angle of shearing resistance, while only slightly reducing the vertical displacement of the composite geogrid-ballast system. However, when ballast was fouled by coal fines, the benefits of geogrid reinforcement decreased in proportion to the increasing level of fouling. A conceptual normalized shear strength model was proposed to predict this decrease in peak shear stress and peak angle of shearing resistance caused by coal fines at a given normal stress. © 2011.
Performance of geocell-reinforced recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases over weak subgrade under cyclic plate loadingJitendra K. Thakur | Jie Han | Sanat K. Pokharel | Robert L. Parsons
Volume 35, Issue , December 2012, Pages 14-24
Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the most reused and recycled material in the United States. It has been included at percentage of 15-50% in new hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete and used as a base course material up to 100% for pavement construction. Due to the existence of asphalt in RAP, RAP base courses may have increased or excessive permanent deformation under traffic loading. To minimize such deformation, use of geocell was proposed by authors to confine RAP. To verify the performance of geocell-reinforced RAP bases and the benefit of geocell reinforcement, an experimental study was conducted on geocell-reinforced RAP bases over a weak subgrade under cyclic plate loading. A large geotechnical test box was used for the cyclic plate loading tests. The subgrade was a mixture of sand and kaolin and compacted at the moisture content corresponding to a California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of 2%. The fractionated RAP was compacted at the moisture content close to the optimum value. A total of four sections with three base thicknesses (0.15, 0.23, and 0.30 m) were prepared and tested, which included one 0.30 m thick unreinforced section and three geocell-reinforced sections. During the testing, surface deformations and vertical stresses at the interface of base and subgrade and strains in geocell walls were monitored. Test results show that the geocell-reinforced RAP bases had much smaller permanent deformations than the unreinforced RAP bases. The geocell-reinforced bases reduced the vertical stresses at the interface between base and subgrade as compared with the unreinforced base. The strain measurements demonstrated that the thicker geocell-reinforced RAP base behaved as a slab while the thinner base behaved as a tensioned membrane. The experimental results indicated that novel polymeric alloy (NPA) geocell reinforcement improved the life of 0.15, 0.23, and 0.30 m thick reinforced RAP base sections by factors of 6.4, 3.6, and 19.4 at a permanent deformation of 75 mm as compared with the 0.30 m thick unreinforced section at the same permanent deformation, respectively. Geocell reinforcement increased the minimum stress distribution angle by 2°, 3.5°, and 7° for the 0.15, 0.23, and 0.30 m thick reinforced RAP base sections as compared with the unreinforced section. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
A comparison of static and cyclic loading responses of foundations on geocell-reinforced sandS. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi | A. R. Dawson
Volume 32, Issue , June 2012, Pages 55-68
The results of laboratory-model tests on strip footings supported on unreinforced and geocell-reinforced sand beds under a combination of static and repeated loads are presented. The influences of various parameters are studied including reinforcement width, height of the geocell below the footing base and various amplitudes of repeated load. Mostly, a stable, resilient response is observed once incrementally accumulated plastic strain has ceased (usually during the first 10 cycles of loading). The reinforcement reduces the magnitude of the final settlement, acts as a settlement retardant, permits higher loads or increased cycling. The reinforcement's efficiency in reducing the maximum footing settlement decreased as the height and width of geocell were increased. Plastic deformation was limited by geocells more under repeated loading than under a similar static loading, with the reduction being greatest when more reinforcement was present and when the loading rate was fastest. It is deduced that the greater resilient stiffness of a rapidly loaded polymeric geocell attracts load to itself thereby protecting the soil from some of the more challenging stress states and, hence, reduces deformation. Simple dimensional analysis showed the need for an increased stiffness of the geosynthetic components in order to deliver full-scale performance similitude. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Design of reinforced embankments on soft clay deposits considering the viscosity of both foundation and reinforcementR. Kerry Rowe | C. Taechakumthorn
Volume 29, Issue 5, October 2011, Pages 448-461
The combined effects of the viscoplastic nature of foundation soil and viscoelastic behaviour of geosynthetic reinforcement (polyester, polypropylene and polyethylene) are investigated. A new method for defining the critical stage, with respect to embankment stability, and the operational field strain rate for use in assessing the undrained shear strength of rate-sensitive foundation soils similar to those examined is proposed. The effect of construction rate on the reinforcement stiffness at the critical stage is examined. The study shows that the selection of a design stiffness using the data obtained from a creep test provided reasonable and conservative results. The effects of the undrained shear strength profile, reinforcement stiffness and soil viscosity on embankment performance under working stress conditions are explored and a new limit equilibrium based design procedure is proposed. Finite Element analyses are used to examine the potential effectiveness of the proposed simplified design procedure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Evaluation of anti-reflective cracking systems using geosynthetics in the interlayer zoneDavid Zamora-Barraza | Miguel A. Calzada-Pérez | Daniel Castro-Fresno | Angel Vega-Zamanillo
Volume 29, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 130-136
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the durability of anti-reflective cracking systems that have a geosynthetic, geotextile or SAMI layer in the interlayer zone. For this purpose, a dynamic test has been designed that simulates the passing of traffic loads on the road surface. Stresses are applied to a two-layer test piece, which represents the pavement structure, with an anti-crack reflection system between the lower part, which is to be reinforced, and the upper part, which is the new pavement. In the lower layer, a longitudinal groove has been made that simulates an initial crack. All interlayer systems delay crack reflection. The test procedure is sensitive to the kind of interlayer system and helps to determine the optimal dosage of tack coat. Moreover, it has been verified that geogrids show higher resistance to repeated loading cycles, and geogrids with a higher stiffness modulus show better behaviour. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Model experiments on piled embankments. Part IIS. J M Van Eekelen | A. Bezuijen | H. J. Lodder | A. F. Van Tol
Volume 32, Issue , June 2012, Pages 82-94
This two-part study concerns a series of twelve 3D laboratory model tests on piled embankments. In the first part, the measured load distribution, deformation, and strains were presented and analysed. In this second part, the measurements are compared with calculations made using the EBGEO (2010) and CUR 226 (2010) analytical model, hereafter called 'EBGEO'. Possible improvements to the analytical model are also suggested, and the resultant calculations are compared with the measurement results.EBGEO calculations consist of two steps: (step 1) load distribution in the fill i.e. arching behaviour, and (step 2) the load deflection behaviour of the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR). For the test conditions (static load, laboratory scale), it was found that the GR strains calculated using EBGEO are larger than the measured GR strains (approximately a factor of two for GR strains larger than 1%). The EBGEO calculations are therefore too conservative. The following reasons were found. In step 1, the response of arching to subsoil consolidation in the experiments is different from that assumed in EBGEO. In step 2, the distribution of loading on the '. GR strips' lying between adjacent piles is quite different from that assumed by EBGEO, and EBGEO only takes part of the subsoil support into account. Modifications are suggested for the second calculation step. It is shown that this modified step 2 model results in significantly closer agreement with the test measurements. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Laboratory investigation of GCL hydration from clayey sand subsoilR. Anderson | M. T. Rayhani | R. K. Rowe
Volume 31, Issue , April 2012, Pages 31-38
The hydration of Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) from underlying clayey sand subsoil (SC) is studied. The effect of product type and initial subsoil moisture content on GCL hydration is examined for both isothermal conditions at room temperature and for daily thermal cycles over several months. GCL hydration is shown to be highly dependent on the initial moisture content of the subsoil. For a subsoil initial moisture content of 5%, GCLs were only able to reach 12-18% of maximum hydration in over 22 weeks. For a subsoil initial moisture content close to field capacity (20%), GCLs were able to reach 90-91% of maximum hydration over 22 weeks. The method of GCL manufacture is shown to greatly affect the maximum hydration reached as well as the swelling of the respective GCLs. Daily thermal cycles greatly reduced hydration and kept the gravimetric moisture content of the GCLs below 30% of what was reached under isothermal conditions at room temperature. Compared to sand (SP) and silty sand (SM) subsoils, clayey sand (SC) slowed the rate of hydration of the GCLs and reduced the final equilibrium moisture content attained. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Shear strength of geosynthetic composite systems for design of landfill liner and cover slopesHisham T. Eid
Volume 29, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 335-344
Torsional ring shear tests were performed on composite specimens that simulate the field alignment of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill liner and cover system components. Simultaneous shearing was provided to each test specimen without forcing failure to occur through a pre-determined plane. Composite liner specimens consisted of a textured geomembrane (GM) underlain by a needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) which in turn underlain by a compacted silty clay. Hydrated specimens were sheared at eleven different normal stress levels. Test results revealed that shear strength of the composite liner system can be controlled by different failure modes depending on the magnitude of normal stress and the comparative values of the GCL interface and internal shear strength. Failure following these modes may result in a bilinear or trilinear peak strength envelope and a corresponding stepped residual strength envelope. Composite cover specimens that comprised textured GM placed on unreinforced smooth GM-backed GCL resting on compacted sand were sheared at five different GCL hydration conditions and a normal stress that is usually imposed on MSW landfill cover geosynthetic components. Test results showed that increasing the GCL hydration moves the shearing plane from the GCL smooth GM backing/sand interface to that of the textured GM/hydrated bentonite. Effects of these interactive shear strength behaviors of composite liner and cover system components on the possibility of developing progressive failure in landfill slopes were discussed. Recommendations for designing landfill geosynthetic-lined slopes were subsequently given. Three-dimensional stability analysis of well-documented case history of failed composite system slope was presented to support the introduced results and recommendations. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Geotextile tube dewatering of contaminated sediments, Tianjin Eco-City, ChinaT. W. Yee | C. R. Lawson | Z. Y. Wang | L. Ding | Y. Liu
Volume 31, Issue , April 2012, Pages 39-50
An account is given of the use of geotextile tubes to dewater dredged contaminated sediments at the Tianjin Eco-City site in China. Approximately 5 million m 3 of contaminated sediments from the bed of a lake were dredged and dewatered in this way with the effluent water returned to the lake. The dewatered solids were utilized within the project site, or were disposed of in a landfill, depending on their degree of contamination. The paper details the tube dewatering evaluation process undertaken and presents the results on which the dewatering facility was designed. To enable an assessment of the full-scale dewatering performance various relationships were derived based on a conservation of mass of the dewatering process. The design, construction and operation of the dewatering tube facility for the treatment of the moderately contaminated sediment waste stream is also presented. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Deformation and consolidation around encased stone columnsJorge Castro | César Sagaseta
Volume 29, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 268-276
A new analytical solution is presented to study soft soil improvement by means of encased stone columns to reduce both settlement and consolidation time. The proposed solution aims to be a simple and useful tool for design. Only a unit cell, i.e. an end-bearing column and its surrounding soil, is modelled in axial symmetry under a rigid and uniform load. The soft soil is treated as an elastic material and the column as an elastic-plastic material using the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and a non-associated flow rule, with a constant dilatancy angle. An elasto-plastic behaviour is also considered for the encasement by means of a limit tensile strength. The solution is presented in a closed form and is directly usable in a spreadsheet. Parametric studies of the settlement reduction, stress concentration and consolidation time show the efficiency of column encasement, which is mainly ruled by the encasement stiffness compared to that of the soil. Column encasement is equally useful for common area replacement ratios but columns of smaller diameters are better confined. Furthermore, the applied load should be limited to prevent the encasement from reaching its tensile strength limit. A simplified formulation of the solution is developed assuming drained condition. The results are in agreement with numerical analyses. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Laboratory model studies on unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand bed over stone column-improved soft clayKousik Deb | Narendra Kumar Samadhiya | Jagtap Babasaheb Namdeo
Volume 29, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 190-196
Results from a series of laboratory model tests on unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced sand bed resting on stone column-improved soft clay have been presented. The diameter of stone column and footing has been taken as 50 mm and 100 mm, respectively for all the model tests carried out. Load was applied to the soil bed through the footing until the total settlement reached at least 20% of footing diameter. As compared to unimproved soft clay, the increase in load-carrying capacity under different improved ground conditions has been observed. Influences of the thickness of unreinforced as well as geogrid-reinforced sand bed and the size of geogrid reinforcement on the performance of stone column-improved soft clay bed have also been investigated. Significant improvement in load-carrying capacity of soft soil is observed due to the placement of sand bed over stone column-improved soft clay. The inclusion of geogrid layer within sand bed further increases the load-carrying capacity and decreases the settlement of the soil. Due to the placement of sand bed, the bulge diameter of stone column reduces while the depth of bulge increases. Further reduction in the bulge diameter and increase in bulge depth are observed due to application of geogrid layer. The optimum thickness of unreinforced sand bed is twice the optimum thickness of geogrid-reinforced sand bed. Under specific material properties and test conditions, it is further observed that the optimum diameter of geogrid layer is thrice the diameter of footing. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
A new approach to evaluate soil-geosynthetic interaction using a novel pullout test apparatus and transparent granular soilFawzy M. Ezzein | Richard J. Bathurst
Volume 42, Issue 3, January 2014, Pages 246-255
Geosynthetic reinforced soil walls and slopes are now a mature technology in geotechnical engineering. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of soil-geosynthetic interaction are not fully understood for pullout of a geogrid material in the anchorage zone of a reinforced structure. It is also difficult to quantify the interactions between the geogrid and the soil. A new strategy to overcome these difficulties is to use a pullout box with a transparent glass bottom, a transparent soil, and non-contact measurement technology. This paper describes such a pullout box apparatus which is used in combination with a recently developed transparent granular soil. Embedded geogrid specimens are visible through the transparent bottom of the box and the surrounding soil. The displacements of the geogrid and seed (target) particles placed in the transparent soil are tracked using digital images captured by a row of synchronized cameras located below the apparatus. Digital processing is carried out using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to quantify the in-situ displacement of the geogrid specimen and surrounding soil. The displacements are used to compute continuous longitudinal strain profiles in the geogrid specimen over the duration of each pullout test and relative shear displacements between the geogrid and the soil. Also reported are lessons learned to improve the method of clamping geogrid specimens at the front of the pullout box which are also applicable to conventional pullout box equipment. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Consolidation enhanced membrane behavior of a geosynthetic clay linerJong Beom Kang | Charles D. Shackelford
Volume 29, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 544-556
Semipermeable membrane behavior in clays refers to the ability of clays to restrict the migration of solutes. Thus, membrane behavior represents a potential benefit to the containment function of clay barriers used for hydraulic containment applications. In this regard, the potential influence of consolidation effective stress, σ', on the membrane behavior of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) containing sodium bentonite was evaluated in the laboratory by establishing differences in salt (KCl) concentrations ranging from 3.9 to 47 mM across specimens of the GCL in a flexible-wall cell under closed-system boundary conditions. The membrane behavior exhibited by the GCL was enhanced via consolidation such that an increase in σ' from 34.5 kPa (5 psi) to 241 kPa (35 psi) correlated with an increase in membrane efficiency from 0.015 (1.5%) to 0.784 (78.4%), respectively. The membrane efficiencies measured in this study at σ' of 172 kPa (25 psi) and 241 kPa (35 psi) were similar to those previously reported for the same GCL using a rigid-wall cell but at unknown states of stress. The practical significance of the results is illustrated in the form of an analysis showing a reduction in liquid flux across the GCL with increasing membrane efficiency. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
A finite-discrete element framework for the 3D modeling of geogrid-soil interaction under pullout loading conditionsV. D H Tran | M. A. Meguid | L. E. Chouinard
Volume 37, Issue , April 2013, Pages 1-9
The behavior of a geogrid-soil system under pullout mode is known to depend on the properties of the geogrid material, the backfill soil and the interface condition. Modeling the geogrid-soil interaction taking into account the true geogrid geometry is a challenging numerical problem that requires the consideration of the discontinuous nature of the soil and the different modes of resistance that contribute to the pullout capacity of the geogrid layer. In this study, a coupled finite-discrete framework has been developed to investigate the behavior of a biaxial geogrid sheet embedded in granular material and subjected to pullout loading. Validation is performed by comparing experimental data and numerically calculated results using the proposed model. The detailed behavior of the geogrid and the surrounding soil is then investigated. The numerical results indicated the suitability of the coupled model to solve this class of problems. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.


text:
Vt woman charged with forcing marijuana on sonMarch 28,2014
ST. JOHNSBURY A woman and her boyfriend are facing charges they forced the womans 12-year-old son to smoke marijuana at their Groton home.
Bobbi Borek, 33, and her 29-year-old boyfriend, Robert Spink, both pleaded not guilty Monday to a felony charge of drug delivery to a minor and a misdemeanor charge of contributing to the delinquency of a minor under the age of 16.
They were released on conditions after appearing in Caledonia County criminal court in St. Johnsbury.
The boy told police he also smoked cigarettes and chewed tobacco with Borek and Spink multiple times at Boreks residence in Groton.
The boy told police he initially refused when Borek offered him a marijuana cigarette in December 2012.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER Goalie Emily Bashara stopped 44 shots but the Green Knights still had a field day... Full StoryTHETFORD Alex McVeigh scored twice for the Panthers during Tuesdays runaway victory. Full StoryLYNDON The Marauders entered Wednesdays match with a clear game plan and executed it well... Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed


text:
Come visit me, Remington, Athena ~ Thank you all for Bird of the Day Honors! & Mackenzie - Thank you for BOTD!.
Come visit me, MIKEY D, Steppin' back in history for BOTM April, birdie haven park, ANGEL CHUEY--April 26/15, sweetpea, thanks for botd, zoey & cricket & nakita.
Come visit me, ~~Gus~~ & Chi chi RIP my sweet girl..
Come visit me, ~~Chipper~~.
Come visit me, PaddyCake & PiddyGirl, CORI & BOO BOO.
Come visit me, Baby/Vote10K BCWarriors263181/mou- rningChiper257319 & Oki,/Vote BOTM K&Mikey229611/Mourni- ng Gizmo.
Come visit me, The Moocher Ducks, Norman, It has been fun. See you on YouPet, St Francis Chapel, Say a prayer today, Phoenix Base Fliers:Home of the 2013 World Champs & Jude, It has been fun. See you on YouPet.
Ronnie Lee, Charlotte, NC.
Come visit me, Sugar ~ Thanks for all the AWESOME Memories.
Come visit me, SKY, thank you for Jan 17th, 2016 BOTD & Little Angel.
Come visit me, CYDNEY "LOVES HER RAFFI", SAM, Angel Cinnamon (R.I.P.), STORMY & PRINCESS LOVES HER TWEETY.
Come visit me, PARKER, SILVER, APACHE MARRIED HIS LOVE SNOWFLAKE ON 09/20/14, OZ (MY MOMMY'S DREAM BIRD) & CHEYENNE MARRIED HER JEDI ON 09/20/14.
Come visit me, Bud, Modelo, Patito, Malt & Pilsner, Squeaky- I will miss my BC friends! Love to all!, Kiwi & Button & Ivy, Scion (RIP)- Love Forever, Limon & Lima, Angel Alfie (RIP), Domingo & Picabo-Fond Memories of Fishing with Friends.
Come visit me, Cookie loves his friends !, BC Library Now Open & Fly with the angels my Sally.
Come visit me, Angel Bertie's Rainbow Gym: Thanks for BOTD!, Angel Bertie: Happy New Year!, Chirps: Happy New Year!!!, The Happy Couple!!!, Spot: Vote Mikey D for May BOTM,276082 & BonBon and Parker:Vote for BOTM!.
Susan, Boiling Springs, SC.
Come visit me, Kalypso.
Come visit me, SUSAN, sooo Sweet!, ROCKET....rocking the house!!, Zazu R.I.P. - Waiting at Rainbow Bridge <3, OOdles, The "finchey" bunch., PEDRO...the destroyer!! Thank U 4 BOD! & ~~BUDDY ~~Thank you for BOTD! :-).
Joan, Franklin Square, NY.
*Content generated by our loyal visitors, which includes comments and club postings, is free of constraints from our editors' red pens, and therefore not governed by I-5 Publishing, LLC's Gold Standard Quality Content, but instead allowed to follow the free form expression necessary for quick, inspired and spontaneous communication.
The last news and tips on everything pet bird.
Wild Birds
Love backyard birds? Find out the latest on all things wild bird sent directly to you.
Sign up to get updates delivered straight to your inbox.
BirdChannel takes your privacy seriously. To learn more, please read our privacy policy.


text:
This monograph contains studies on peripheral circulation in normal limbs, in the limbs of those suffering from peripheral vascular disease, from peripheral nerve injuries or from exposure to cold. The author reviews the evolution of knowledge in this field and builds his own observations on this foundation. Most valuable are his observations on the vascular changes after peripheral nerve injuries. These were made in a peripheral nerve injury center which contained about 350 patients. Equally lucid and instructive are the studies on immersion limb. This is a logical, lucidly written book, excellently printed and illustrated. It is representative of the best type of clinical physiology, in which Sir Thomas Lewis excelled. For residents and young vascular surgeons there could be no better instruction in fundamental knowledge or stimulus for future research.
Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.
Download citation file:
Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.
More Listings atJAMACareerCenter.com >
Enter your username and email address. We'll send you a link to reset your password.
Enter your username and email address. We'll send instructions on how to reset your password to the email address we have on record.
Need assistance?
Athens and Shibboleth are access management services that provide single sign-on to protected resources. They replace the multiple user names and passwords necessary to access subscription-based content with a single user name and password that can be entered once per session. It operates independently of a user's location or IP address. If your institution uses Athens or Shibboleth authentication, please contact your site administrator to receive your user name and password.


text:
Charlie Schumpp had personality plus. An outgoing elementary and pre-school students gymnastics instructor, Schumpp routinely arrived for work with a song in his heart.
About Charlie
Age: 63
Occupation: Mobile gymnastics instructor.
Community: West Ashley.
People will remember: His funny stories and giving spirit.
Affiliations: Good Shepherd Lutheran Church and the American Legion.
Survivors: Wife, Karen Schumpp; daughters, Katie Ard (Richard), Alicia Bingham (Phillip); and granddaughter, Amanda Bingham.
Schumpp, a mobile instructor and independent contractor, made learning gymnastics fun for children, says his wife, Karen Schumpp.
It was so much fun that children often did not realize they were learning.
"He related to the children at their level," she says. Many of the things Schumpp said to the children, would rhyme. He enjoyed saying things such as "Wiggle your toes, not your nose," during warm-ups."
The rhymes, even the nonsensical ones, were just "Mr. Charlie's" way of doing things, she says.
"He loved everybody," Karen Schumpp says. "He saw the best in everybody. He was not negative."
Schumpp, who was born Oct. 5, 1949 and died Aug. 4, was known for his elaborate Christmas decorations, too.
"Every part of the yard was decorated," Karen Schumpp says. "He used to say that his goal was to be gaudy. It was never that, but it caused a lot of people to stop and look." Some people would stop to see his decorations first, then go to see the ones at James Island County Park, she says.
"He made all of the wooden figures he put in the yard," Schumpp says. "First he made a few figures. Then, he made the gingerbread village. He made the manger. He got these huge blow ups that would play music – a tree with lights that would flash and that had polar bears on each side."
The Rev. Timothy Sandeno, who was Schumpp's pastor at Good Shepherd Lutheran Church in West Ashley, says the Christmas decorating was one of the many things he did, not for himself, but for others.
When Sandeno met Schumpp eight years ago, it was easy to see he lived his Christian values, the minister says.
He was using his connections in the community to help fund charitable giving. Each Christmas, Schumpp collected toys for families with children who would not otherwise receive gifts.
In addition, Schumpp thought about those beyond the local community, Sandeno says.
His concerns extended to the troops at war. He collected a truck full of Kool Aid for them and worked with the Air Force to package and ship it.
"He knew and trusted in what Jesus had done for him. So, he was able to love people without any expectations and that's what he did. I am sure he met people he didn't like or care for, but he didn't see it as a license to think ill of them. As he lived his life in faith, he died in Christ as well."
Reach Wevonneda Minis at 937-5705.