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Fedora Directory Server: the Evolution of Linux Authentication
With our infrastructure in place, we can connect our desktop clients. For our configuration, we use native Fedora 6 clients and Windows XP clients to simulate a mixed environment. Other Linux flavors can connect to FDS, but for space constraints, we won't delve into connecting them. It should be noted that most distributions like Fedora use PAM, the /etc/nsswitch.conf and /etc/ldap.conf files to set up LDAP authentication. Regardless of client type, the user account attempting to log in must contain Posix information in the directory in order to authenticate to the FDS server. To connect Fedora clients, use the built-in Authentication utility available in both GNOME and KDE (Figure 9). The nice thing about the utility is that it does all the work for you. You do not have to edit any of the other files previously mentioned manually. Open the utility and enable LDAP on the User Information tab and the Authentication tabs. Once you click OK to these settings, Fedora updates your nsswitch.conf and /etc/pam.d/system-auth files immediately. Upon reboot, your system now uses PAM instead of your local passwd and shadow files to authenticate users.
During login, the local system pulls the LDAP account's Posix information from FDS and sets the system to match the preferences set on the account regarding home directory and shell options. With a little manual work, you also can use automount locally to authenticate and mount network volumes at login time automatically.
Connecting XP clients is almost as easy. Typically, NT/2000/XP users are forced to use the built-in MSGINA.dll to authenticate to Microsoft networks only. In the past, vendors such as Novell have used their own proprietary clients to work around this, but now the open-source pgina client has solved this problem. To connect 2000/XP clients, download the main pgina zipfile from the project page on SourceForge, and extract the files. For this article, I used version 1.8.4 as I ran into some dll issues with version 1.8.8. You also need to download and extract the Plugin bundle. Run the x86 installer from the extracted files, accepting all default options, but do not start the Configuration Tool at the end. Next, install the LDAPAuth plugin from the extracted Plugin bundle. When done installing, open the Configuration Tool under the Pgina Program Group under the Start menu. On the Plugin tab, browse to your ldapauth_plus.dll in the directory specified during the install. Check off the option to Show authentication method selection box. This gives you the option of logging locally if you run into problems. Without this, the only way to bypass the pgina client is through Safe Mode. Now, click on the Configure button, and enter the LDAP server name, port and context you want pgina to use to search for clients. I suggest using the Search Mode as your LDAP method as it will search the entire directory if it cannot find your user ID. Click OK twice to save your settings. Use the Plugin Tester tool before rebooting to load your client and test connectivity (Figure 10). On the next login, the user will receive the prompt shown in Figure 11.
FDS is a powerful platform, and this article has barely scratched the surface. There simply is not room to squeeze all of FDS's other features, such as encryption or AD synchronization, into a single article. If you are interested in these items or want to know how to extend FDS to other applications, check out the wiki and the how-tos on the project's documentation page for further information. Judging from our simple configuration here, FDS seems evolutionary, not revolutionary. It does not change the way in which LDAP operates at a fundamental level. What it does do is take the complex task of administering LDAP and makes it easier while extending normally commercial features, such as MMR, to open source. By adding pgina into the mix, you can tap further into FDS's flexibility and cost savings without needing to deploy an array of services to connect Windows and Linux clients. So, if you are looking for a simple, reliable and cost-saving alternative to other LDAP products, consider FDS.
fds with ldap
i m done with installing FDS successfully.
can please help how can i authenticate the windows users using FDS.
Password policy problem between FDS and ADS
I have configured FDS and Syncronized with ADS.Every thing working fine.The password also syncronized between FDS server and ADS.When I change the password in windows client it is replicated to the FDS through ADS.But when I change the password in Linux client machine it does not replicated to the ADS. I need some clarification between FDS and ADS password policy.I hope some one will guide me.Thanks in advance.
el fedora es de maricones
es re penca la wea de fedora ds
es como una agenda ql
mas dificil de usar la mierda
ademas que el guru guru ql
LDAP isn't best suited for authentication
Just to note, the directory usage that you describe (using LDAP for authentication) is a painfully wide-spread misconception.
Properly, you should use LDAP for publishing authorization data (e.g. group memberships), while authentication should be best implemented with use of Kerberos protocol.
By using LDAP for authentication, you throw away the possibility to provide single sign-on for your users.
You can use the Heimdal Kerberos server to store the data used by it in an LDAP directory - provided that it supports LDAPI connections and, as a result, it resides on the same machine that the LDAP server.
The version of Fedora Directory Server from CVS supports LDAPI.
BTW, IMHO the Kerberos and LDAP protocols should be merged in the future since they are so easily misused because of the distinction between them.
merge LDAP and Kerberos. LDAP
merge LDAP and Kerberos. LDAP is a fully fledged directory access protocol not just an authentication widget. This is like saying SQL should be merged with Kerberos.
BTW, LDAPI support is now
BTW, LDAPI support is now available with the latest stable version 1.1 of Fedora Directory Server.
Updating Alternatives (for Java and such)
Just a note, Red Hat provides a command,
update-alternatives, for updating and maintaining links in /etc/alternatives.
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Several buildings at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard were evacuated Wednesday morning due to an unstable crane.
Officials said crews were able to secure the crane and it did not collapse.
No one was hurt and nothing was damaged.
Employees later returned to work.

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ALBANY, N.Y. — The National Association for Pupil Transportation (NAPT) has launched its redesigned Website at www.naptonline.org.
The new home page provides uncluttered, one-click access to a wide variety of information, including all of the association's communication, leadership, education, advocacy and resource projects.
The site also features enhanced registration tools for NAPT events, including the 2010 NAPT Summit, scheduled for Oct. 30 to Nov. 4 in Portland, Ore.
"This is the most comprehensive communication system we have ever had," NAPT President Linda Bluth said. "It provides the connection we need to keep members informed and involved in the current activities of the association."
Current NAPT members can receive exclusive and unrestricted access to the entire site via the Members Only portal.
To facilitate a smooth transition, the old Website at www.napt.org will remain in use until July 1. Users will be able to log in and get information from both sources, but only www.naptonline.org will be updated. After July 1, www.napt.org and www.naptonline.org will be identical, and visitors will be able to use either URL to access the new Website.
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Want to get away to worship and fellowship with other believers? Join Southwest Church of Christ this summer - it would be a great time to take your life group to the Red River Family Encampment on June 22 to 26.
Some of the class teachers include Warren Baldwin, Gordon Dabbs, Mike Mazzalongo and Trey Morgan.
This could be an amazing opportunity to grow closer to the Lord and those you love. For more information visit www.rrfe.org or contact Vernon or Bettye Robinett at 806-681-1756.
Source: Southwest Church of Christ


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text: Jill Glassbrook graduated from Indiana University with degrees in English and Gender Studies, and attended Seton Hall University where she received a masters in Education – Curriculum Design and Technology. Jill began teaching preschool teacher, and went on to join AmeriCorps to launch a wrap-around and mentoring program for incarcerated teenagers. Jill then joined TFA where she taught in Newark, New Jersey as a self-contained behavior disorders teacher for students in grades 4-6. After, she came to Brooklyn as the Director of Special Services and then Dean of Students at Achievement First Bushwick Middle School. After 4 years, Jill joined PAVE as founding MS Principal. She now works with all of PAVE's schools in grades PK-8. Jill lives in Brooklyn with her husband, 2 dogs, and twins, Theo and Liddy.


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BOCA RATON, FL (BocaNewsNow.com) — In the latest issue for Florida Atlantic University's Police Department, a police officer has been captured on videotape verbally assaulting a reporter and a cameraman attempting to videotape a publicly advertised presentation by Pro-Palestinan Josh Ruebner.
The camera crew, from self-proclaimed anti-Islam and anti-Obama group "TrentoVision," was apparently not causing a disturbance at the time of the altercation. While TrentoVision's "mission statement" may be considered controversial, the group has a sizable following for its UStream television program, a radio program, and on FaceBook. The group claims it had permission to be on campus.
However, FAU says that the crew's presence violated school policy. Spokeswoman Lisa Metcalf points to the school's rules — and reiterates that visitors were welcome, but not with recording devices:
Florida Atlantic University Regulation 7.006 states that "Non-University persons are allowed to use the common areas of the University during normal business hours and are allowed to attend lectures, plays and other activities on the University campus in the designated buildings or areas when such attendance is permitted by the sponsoring organization. Non-University persons are permitted in non-common areas of the University, including offices and administrative areas only when invited or on authorized University business. Non-University persons are not allowed on University property except as authorized by this regulation."According to FAU's Media Relations policies, media is welcome to its campuses, centers and other locations. However, "permission is needed to conduct interviews, film or photograph inside campus buildings, residence halls, classrooms or other restricted areas." Members of the press are encouraged to contact the Department of Media Relations at FAU at 561-297-3020 prior to arriving at FAU to discuss this.Consistent with these policies, prior permission must be obtained in order for the SJP event to be filmed. For the SJP event last night and last week, the sponsoring organization requested that no attendees videotape and/or photograph the guest lecturers they were hosting in the Student Union.
The FAU Police Department is currently under investigation by the Palm Beach County State Attorney's Office — a routine measure — following the shooting of a homeless man on a campus roof last week. The man, police say, was armed with a six inch "Gerber" knife which was, police say, recovered at the scene. One officer attempted to subdue the suspect with a Taser while the other opened fire, hitting the man twice.
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Our vision is to be the best retailer of convenience for emerging markets.
Core Purpose
To make daily life easier by providing modern convenience.
Oath of 7-Eleven Employees
I want to treat everyone honestly and promise to try my best to serve our customers in order to create a better future for the company, my family, and myself.
The 5 7-Eleven fundamentals are quality, speed, selection, and valu
The 5 7-Eleven fundamentals are quality, speed, selection, and value in a safe and pleasant environment.
Core Values
Customer focused
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Under the Microscope
This was a banner week for American science. The Nobel Prizes for medicine, physics and chemistry all went to Americans. The awards underline the universally acknowledged fact that the U.S. is the world leader not only in its aggregation of talent but in its ability to nurture that talent. First-class universities, along with copious private and federal funding for research, are often cited as key enablers. But few would deny that money can't buy the most important element: a society that encourages independent thinking, open debate and an unbounded spirit of inquiry.
That is one reason why it is always dismaying when scientists -- of all people -- suggest that on some subjects there must be no questioning because debate is closed. And on one level, at least, this would seem to be the implicit message of the newly formed 527 political organization called Scientists and Engineers for America, or SEA.
In announcing its launch last week, the group said that it is concerned about how the Bush administration has "compromised the integrity of science" with, among other things, its policies on global warming and stem-cell research and its (alleged) support for nonscientific "intelligent design" theories of evolution. SEA members have also cited a delay in making the "morning-after" pill, sold under the name Plan B, readily available over-the-counter as another example of a sustained government "assault" on science and scientists.
Such complaints have been heard before from scientists and others. What's new is that SEA is explicitly dedicated to defeating political candidates nationwide who support policies that SEA members oppose. Although the organization describes itself as nonpartisan, its known targets are Republicans. (A broader description of SEA goals can be found on its Web site at www.sefora.org.)
Whether SEA will become a science-themed version of moveon.org or something more catholic is not yet clear. One of the most visible SEA members so far is genetics Ph.D. Michael Stebbins, whose personal Web blog (at sexdrugsanddna.com) includes a poem asking Jesus to make sure that Ohio's disgraced Republican Rep. Bob Ney gets sodomized in prison.
On the other hand, there are the softer tones of SEA member and 2003 Nobel laureate in chemistry Dr. Peter Agre. He told us that although he is a life-long Democrat, his driving interest is in promoting sound science. He added that he also hopes to help repopularize science and its leading figures -- as in earlier days, when children thrilled to see people like Jonas Salk and Wernher von Braun explain medical and rocket science on TV.
Although SEA clearly is not nonpartisan in the way most people understand that word, it is of course free to have a point of view: Political activism is a hallmark of a democratic society. The more disturbing disingenuousness here involves the suggestion in some SEA statements that there is such a thing as absolute, accurate science -- a body of facts -- that is beyond further investigation. And that certain subjects or findings are not open to interpretation or discussion by nonscientists, including policy makers. In other words, when Americans raise questions about the moral implications of, say, stem-cell research, they are trumping science with "ideology." Presumably, those who disagree have no ideology or political agenda, only factual knowledge on a case that is closed.
In truth, the best science flows from eternal questioning. Interestingly, Dr. Agre, who supports broadened stem-cell research, also told us that its promise as an avenue to new cures may be "overhyped."
His frankness on that sensitive topic might alarm some fellow SEA members, who will worry that such an admission could be used as ammunition by "ideologists" of the other side. Yet he is speaking like a true scientist here: eager to press ahead in exploration and yet unafraid to admit that nobody can be sure which is the best direction.
That's the sort of thinking that produces Nobel Prizes.


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Margaret Atwood's classic novel, The Handmaid's Tale, is about the future. Now, in Oryx and Crake, the future has changed: it's much worse. The narrator of this riveting novel calls himself Snowman. When the story opens, he's sleeping in a tree, wearing an old bedsheet, mourning the loss of his beloved Oryx and his best friend Crake, and slowly starving to death.
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When Zoe Walker sees her photo in the classifieds section of a London newspaper, she is determined to find out why it's there. There's no explanation, no website - just a grainy image and a phone number. She takes it home to her family, who are convinced it's just someone who looks like Zoe. But the next day the advert shows a photo of a different woman, and another the day after that.Is it a mistake? A coincidence? Or is someone keeping track of every move they make?
"I See Something Very, Very Impressive Here!"
Harry Potter's summer has included the worst birthday ever, doomy warnings from a house-elf called Dobby, and rescue from the Dursleys by his friend Ron Weasley in a magical flying car! Back at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry for his second year, Harry hears strange whispers echo through empty corridors - and then the attacks start. Students are found as though turned to stone.... Dobby's sinister predictions seem to be coming true.
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The Triwizard Tournament is to be held at Hogwarts. Only wizards who are over seventeen are allowed to enter - but that doesn't stop Harry dreaming that he will win the competition. Then at Hallowe'en, when the Goblet of Fire makes its selection, Harry is amazed to find his name is one of those that the magical cup picks out. He will face death-defying tasks, dragons and Dark wizards, but with the help of his best friends, Ron and Hermione, he might just make it through - alive!
"Seriously Good Potter!"
In The Girl With the Lower Back Tattoo, Amy shares stories about her family, her relationships, her career, good - and bad - sex, recounting the experiences that have shaped who she is today: from the riches to rags story of her childhood to her teenage quest for popularity (and boys) to becoming one of the most sought-after comedians on the planet and an outspoken advocate for women's rights.
"Not Funny and WAAAAAY too serious"
When the Knight Bus crashes through the darkness and screeches to a halt in front of him, it's the start of another far from ordinary year at Hogwarts for Harry Potter. Sirius Black, escaped mass-murderer and follower of Lord Voldemort, is on the run - and they say he is coming after Harry. In his first ever Divination class, Professor Trelawney sees an omen of death in Harry's tea leaves.... But perhaps most terrifying of all are the Dementors patrolling the school grounds, with their soul-sucking kiss....
"The Series Matures"
By the international number one best-selling author of Tell No One and Fool Me Once, soon to be a major movie starring Julia Roberts. A decade ago kidnappers grabbed two boys from wealthy families and demanded ransom, then went silent. No trace of the boys ever surfaced. For 10 years their families have been left with nothing but painful memories and a quiet desperation for the day that has finally miraculously arrived: Myron Bolitar and his friend, Win, believe they have located one of the boys, now a teenager.
"What a wonderful reunion with loved characters"
Dark times have come to Hogwarts. After the Dementors' attack on his cousin Dudley, Harry Potter knows that Voldemort will stop at nothing to find him. There are many who deny the Dark Lord's return, but Harry is not alone: a secret order gathers at Grimmauld Place to fight against the Dark forces. Harry must allow Professor Snape to teach him how to protect himself from Voldemort's savage assaults on his mind. But they are growing stronger by the day and Harry is running out of time....
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Yuval Noah Harari, author of the best-selling Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, envisions a not-too-distant world in which we face a new set of challenges. Now, in Homo Deus, he examines our future with his trademark blend of science, history, philosophy and every discipline in between. Homo Deus explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century - from overcoming death to creating artificial life.
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Dorothea Brooke is an ardent idealist who represses her vivacity and intelligence for the cold, theological pedant Casaubon. One man understands her true nature: the artist Will Ladislaw. But how can love triumph against her sense of duty and Casaubon's mean spirit? Meanwhile, in the little world of Middlemarch, the broader world is mirrored: the world of politics, social change, and reforms, as well as betrayal, greed, blackmail, ambition, and disappointment.
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The complete, unabridged audiobook of A Game of Thrones. HBO's hit series A Game of Thrones is based on George R. R. Martin's internationally best-selling series A Song of Ice and Fire, the greatest fantasy epic of the modern age. A Game of Thrones is the first volume in the series. Summers span decades. Winter can last a lifetime. And the struggle for the Iron Throne has begun.
"A truly brilliant fantasy novel"


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OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents
OSHA Trade Release
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Office of Communications
Washington, D.C.
For Immediate Release
Trade News Release
Tuesday, September 21, 1999
CONTACT: Frank Kane
Ohio Auto Parts Producer Settles Safety and Health Citations
Tomasco Mulciber, Inc., an Ohio auto parts manufacturer, agreed to pay $820,500 in penalties and implement a comprehensive safety and health program at its Columbus plant to settle a case brought earlier this year by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
We are pleased that Tomasco has promised to correct the safety problems that caused serious hand and finger injuries to so many of its employees," Secretary of Labor Alexis M. Herman said. "Even more encouraging is the new safety and health program they are putting in place to provide ongoing protection for all their employees."
OSHA inspected the plant as part of its ongoing efforts to examine workplaces with the highest injury and illness rates. As a result of this inspection, on Jan. 19 OSHA issued willful and serious citations for violations of its machine guarding, lockout/tagout, mechanical power press, confined spaces and electrical standards. Penalties of $1.64 million were proposed.
In the settlement, Tomasco certified that all the conditions cited as violations are abated. The company also conducted a comprehensive safety and health analysis at the plant in conjunction with an outside consultant. A written action plan now provides for improvements to be made to the plant safety and health programs.
"This is a good example of how well OSHA's programs of site-specific inspection targeting work," said Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health Charles N. Jeffress. "As a result of OSHA's inspection, Tomasco is taking positive steps to eliminate serious hazards in the workplace. And the settlement not only protects the workers, but avoids the cost and burden of prolonged litigation."
Tomasco's new safety and health program includes communications by the company president to all employees and temporary workers that stress the fundamental importance of safety and health protection and the establishment of clear corporate safety and health goals and objectives for managers and supervisors, for which they can be held accountable.
In addition, the company agreed to review and revise its written safety and health programs to ensure that all employees and temporary workers are competent to recognize basic safety hazards and those that are unique to the industry.
Tomasco also agreed to train temporary, newly-hired and newly reassigned employees on specific work operations, machine guarding, lockout/tagout safety and disciplinary rules to be applied in event of failure to observe work safety rules. The training will emphasize that no work is to be performed on machinery with removed, broken or disabled safety devices.
The company also agreed that no machinery will be used if safety devices, including point of operation safety controls, are disabled, broken or removed from the machine.
The text of this news release is on the Internet World Wide Web at http://www.osha.gov. Information on this news release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-693-1999.
|OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents


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Moderate Advancement
In 2014, Cambodia made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MOLVT) created 24 interdepartmental inspection teams, which include a child labor inspector, and significantly increased the number of inspections and the number of inspectors trained to conduct child labor investigations. Additionally, the Government made several efforts to combat trafficking in persons (TIP), including drafting guidelines for the identification and referral of victims of TIP and sexual exploitation, and implementing them in six target areas. However, children in Cambodia continue to engage in child labor in agriculture and in the worst forms of child labor as victims of human trafficking. The legal framework leaves children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor as there is no compulsory education requirement, and the law allows children as young as age 12 to engage in domestic work. Labor inspectors lack sufficient resources to adequately monitor child labor.
Children in Cambodia are engaged in child labor, including in agriculture.(1-8) Children are also engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including as victims of human trafficking.(5, 9-12) Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Cambodia.
Table 1. Statistics on Children's Work and Education
Working children, ages 5 to 14 (% and population):
9.4 (276,583)
Working children by sector, ages 5 to 14 (%)
School attendance, ages 5 to 14 (%):
Children combining work and school, ages 7 to 14 (%):
Primary completion rate (%):
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2012, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2015.(13)
Source for all other data: Understanding Children's Work Project's analysis of statistics from Labour Force and Child Labour Survey, 2012.(14)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
Table 2. Overview of Children's Work by Sector and Activity
Fishing, including deep-sea† and night fishing† (1-4)
Production of tobacco, cassava, rubber, rice,* and sugarcane* (4-8)
Logging for the production of timber† (2)
Construction,† including operating transportation equipment (2, 9)
Production of textiles, including bleaching, dyeing and finishing with chemicals;† and garments* (2, 16)
Production of alcoholic beverages† (2)
Work in slaughterhouses for the production of meat† (2)
Domestic service (17-20)
Work as security guards† and in entertainment,† including as bartenders, masseurs, dancers, and waiters (2, 12)
Work on the streets, including begging, vending, shoe polishing, scavenging, and portering (5, 9, 16, 20)
Work as garbage pickers (21)
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡
Commercial sexual exploitation sometimes as a result of human trafficking (5, 9, 11, 12, 22, 23)
Domestic service, begging, street vending, and factory work each as a result of human trafficking (5, 9-12)
* Evidence of this activity is limited and/or the extent of the problem is unknown.
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.
Children are trafficked to, from, and within Cambodia for commercial sexual exploitation and labor exploitation.(12) Trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation occurs primarily from Cambodia to Thailand, from Vietnam to Cambodia, and within Cambodia.(9, 11, 12, 22) Children are trafficked from smaller villages to larger cities and primarily to Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam to work as domestic servants.(10-12, 17) Children are trafficked primarily to Thailand to work as street vendors, sell candy or flowers, or work in factories.(11) Children are also trafficked to Thailand and Vietnam, where they are forced to beg and work as street vendors.(9, 12)
Significant barriers to accessing education still exist. In remote areas, children have to travel long distances to reach school, and transportation is limited.(5, 20) This sometimes deters parents from sending girls to school due to safety concerns.(20) While there is a current moratorium on new economic land concessions, some relocation sites do not meet human rights standards, including access to education services.(24) The Education Law provides for free education in practice; however, teacher salaries are low and instructors often charge extra fees to students for exams, snacks, tutoring, and even class time.(5, 25, 26) The lack of bilingual education can be an obstacle to school access for the children of ethnic minorities and needs to be further expanded.(19)
Cambodia has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
Table 3. Ratification of International Conventions on Child Labor
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons
The Government has established laws and regulations related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 4).
Table 4. Laws and Regulations Related to Child Labor
Related Legislation
Minimum Age for Work
Article 177 of the Labor Law (27)
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work
Articles 173 and 177 of the Labor Law; Regulation on the Prohibition of Hazardous Child Labor (27, 28)
Prohibition of Hazardous Occupations or Activities for Children
Regulation on the Prohibition of Hazardous Child Labor (28)
Prohibition of Forced Labor
Article 15 of the Labor Law (27)
Prohibition of Child Trafficking
Law on Suppression of the Kidnapping, Trafficking, and Exploitation of Human Persons (29)
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Law on Suppression of the Kidnapping, Trafficking, and Exploitation of Human Persons (29)
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities
Articles 343 346 of the Penal Code (30)
Minimum Age for Compulsory Military Recruitment
The Law on General Statutes for the Military Personnel of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (31, 32)
Minimum Age for Voluntary Military Service
The Law on General Statutes for the Military Personnel of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (31, 32)
Compulsory Education Age
Free Public Education
Article 31 of the Education Law of 2007 (33)
The Cambodian Labor Law does not apply to domestic or household workers, as provided in Article 1 of the Labor Law.(27)
Education is free, but not compulsory, through grade nine.(33) The lack of compulsory schooling makes children under age 15, the legal age to work, particularly vulnerable to child labor, as they are not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work either.
In May 2014, the Ministry of Tourism issued the Subdecree on the Management of Tourism Entertainment-Tourism Centers for Adults (METCA) to fight against child sexual exploitation in tourism.(23) The Subdecree requires METCA operators dancing halls, discotheques, karaoke clubs, and beer gardens not to engage in human trafficking or sexual exploitation and allows for fines, suspension, or cancellation of a license if violations occur.(34)
The Government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor, including its worst forms (Table 5).
Table 5. Agencies Responsible for Child Labor Law Enforcement
The Department of Child Labor within the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MOLVT)
Enforce child-related provisions of the labor law and manage Cambodia's Child Labor Monitoring System.(16, 35)
The Cambodian National Police's Anti-Human Trafficking and Juvenile Protection Department (Anti-Trafficking Police)
Enforce laws against trafficking, child sexual exploitation, and criminal activities, along with municipal and provincial anti-human trafficking and juvenile protection offices.(36) Commanded by the Ministry of the Interior (MOI).(37) Complaints about human trafficking can be filed through the anti-trafficking hotline, 1288.(23)
Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth Rehabilitation (MOSAVY)
Accompany the police on investigations, during which child victims may be found, and subsequently refer child victims to NGO services.(4)
Law enforcement agencies in Cambodia took actions to combat child labor, including its worst forms.
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2014, the Department of Child Labor increased the number of inspectors trained to conduct child labor inspections to 58 from 35 the previous year. The Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MOLVT) also created 24 interdepartmental inspection teams, which include a child labor inspector.(38) While the MOLVT has approximately 342 inspectors nationwide, only inspectors trained in child labor inspection look for child labor violations.(39) Inspectors from the Department of Child Labor were trained on relevant laws and inspection techniques to identify child labor; however, the MOLVT lacks standardized guidelines for conducting labor inspections.(38)
The Department of Child Labor reports that, due to budget constraints, it is able to conduct inspections only in and around the capital city of Phnom Penh.(38)
The MOLVT conducted 723 inspections; 613 were of garment and textile factories, and 110 were of other enterprises. Of the 723 inspections conducted, 633 were site visits.(38) Inspectors found a total of 46 cases of violations of child labor in garment and textile factories, which primarily comprised underage workers.(38, 39) The 46 cases included 34 cases found by a joint inspection team of the MOLVT inspectors and the Better Factories Cambodia (BFC) program.(38) The 46 children were removed from the factories, were referred to social services, and received vocational training.(38) While the MOLVT has specific regulations regarding acceptable work for children in agriculture, fishing, and tobacco and cassava production, government officials report that they have not yet begun to enforce these regulations.(16) The Government lacks standardized guidelines on how to conduct labor inspections.(40) Additionally, most inspections are complaint driven and do not target or monitor where hazardous child labor is known to occur.(20)
Inspectors issued warnings to 10 garment and textile factories.(38) Although labor inspectors have the authority to order the immediate removal of children from the workplace and to levy fines, procedures for applying such penalties are not administered uniformly.(40)
Criminal Law Enforcement
In 2014, the Anti-Trafficking Police employed 500 police officers, approximately 20 in each province, to enforce laws against the worst forms of child labor.(38) The National Committee on the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, and Labor and Sexual Exploitation, in collaboration with NGOs, provided anti-human trafficking training to 2,626 law enforcement officers and government officials in all the provinces in Cambodia. The Ministry of Interior (MOI), however, has not incorporated anti-trafficking training into the curriculum of the Cambodian National Police academies.(41)
The Government reported that police arrested 49 Cambodians and 9 foreigners for offenses related to human trafficking and child prostitution in 2014. Research found that these data are likely underreported, and that the Government needs increased capacity to collect and report reliable and timely data.(41) In 2014, the Anti-Trafficking Police rescued 101 underage victims and referred them to the Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans, and Youth Rehabilitation (MOSAVY).(38) The MOSAVY also identified and assisted 336 victims, including 218 minors, among persons repatriated from Thailand.(41) The MOSAVY drafted guidelines to identify and refer victims of human trafficking and sexual exploitation. These draft guidelines have been implemented in Phnom Penh and in five additional provinces.(23)
During the reporting period, the Anti-Trafficking Police reported that authorities prosecuted 21 individuals for trafficking in persons offenses. Cambodia courts convicted 29 individuals for 22 sex trafficking convictions and seven labor trafficking convictions.(41) As with investigations, research found that these data are likely underreported, and that the Government needs increased capacity to collect and report on reliable and timely data.(41) Judges can determine whether perpetrators will be imprisoned or fined, as well as the amount of the fine. Further, partly due to the high levels of corruption within the judicial system, the penalties imposed are not uniformly administered and do not adhere to the parameters prescribed by law.(4, 31, 39)
The Government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor, including its worst forms (Table 6).
Table 6. Mechanisms to Coordinate Government Efforts on Child Labor
Coordinating Body
Role & Description
The National Sub-Committee on Child Labor of the Cambodian National Council for Children (CNCC)
Coordinate child labor issues at the national level. Ensure that projects and programs follow national policy on child labor.(42) It includes all concerned ministries, businesses, trade unions, and NGOs. Provincial committees on the Protection of Child Rights and Provincial Committees on Child labor coordinate efforts to address child labor at the provincial level.(42)
The National Committee on Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, and Labor and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children (NC/STSLS)
Coordinate policymaking efforts with regards to trafficking. Includes representatives from the Government of Cambodia and civil society.(35, 43)
Migration Working Group within NC/STSLS
Coordinate multisectoral participation to address migration issues, gather and monitor data on migration, facilitate information exchange, and provide recommendations on the formulation of agreements with relevant countries. Chaired by the Ministry of Interior and includes representatives from the Government, the UN, and NGOs.(43)
The National Committee on Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, and Labor and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children (NC/STSLS) finalized the draft of the Second National Plan of Action (NPA II) 2014 2018 and was launched on February 10, 2015.(41)
The Government of Cambodia has established policies related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 7).
Table 7. Policies Related to Child Labor
National Plan of Action to Tackle Child Labor in Inland and Coastal Fisheries
Incorporates child labor into the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MOAF)'s policies and legal frameworks for fisheries and aquaculture. Assesses work hazards for children in fisheries and aquaculture and ensures that children who work in fisheries and their families have access to education and livelihood opportunities.(35) In March 2014, MOAF with technical assistance from the ILO and World Vision, finalized draft guidelines for child workers in the fisheries sector.(44) Guidelines define the kinds of hazardous activities in which children are not permitted to engage and set fines for employers who violate them. Awaiting official approval from MOAF and the MOL.(44)
Policy and National Minimum Standards for the Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking
Guidelines to improve the treatment of trafficking in persons victims. Mandates MOSAVY to train relevant government officials.(45) Lists children among those identified as victims of trafficking in Cambodia and includes the MOI's Safety Village Commune/Sangkat Policy Guide, which mandates that local governments take action to end the trafficking of women and children to ensure safe communes.(35, 46)
The Education Strategic Plan (2014–2018)†
Outlines a plan to ensure equitable access for all education services, enhance the quality and relevance of learning, and ensure effective leadership and management of education staff at all levels. Includes programs and activities aimed at improving the response to human trafficking and child labor.(47) New Plan launched in March 2014.(47)
The National Youth Policy
Aims to afford meaningful opportunities to young people ages 15 to 30 and provide them with the skills they need to enhance their economic participation.(48)
Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency Phase III (2013–2017)
Defines Cambodia's socioeconomic policy agenda and outlines a strategy for sustainable development and poverty reduction. Includes social protection programs to ensure poor children have access to education; promotes sustainable development of the health sector, including improved sanitation, health, and nutrition of children; and focuses on strengthening law enforcement to be more effective against human trafficking and sexual exploitation of children.(49)
National Social Protection Strategy (2011–2015)
Aims to protect the poorest and most disadvantaged populations, mitigate risk by providing coping strategies, and promote poverty reduction by building human capital and expanding opportunities such as access to health, nutrition, and education services, which the strategy states will benefit child laborers and their families.(50)
† Policy was approved during the reporting period.
Political impasse, including a 10-month boycott of parliament by the opposition, significantly impacted the Government's ability to function and pass several updated policies.(38) The National Plan of Action on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (NPA-WFCL) ended in 2012. The Department of Child Labor, with technical assistance from the ILO, is incorporating information from the 2013 Child Labor Survey into the development of a new plan.(51) The National Plan of Action on the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, Labor, and Sexual Exploitation (NPA-STSLS) and MOSAVY's First Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan ended in 2013. The NC/STSLS announced that the Second NPA-STSLS, covering years 2014 2018, has been drafted and was launched in February 2015.(41) The second Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan has been drafted and is expected to be launched in 2015.(39)
In 2014, the Government of Cambodia funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor, including its worst forms (Table 8).
Table 8. Social Programs to Address Child Labor
Commune Committees for Women and Children (CCWC)‡
MOLVT and provincial government program that establishes and trains these committees at the commune and village levels to raise awareness of child labor regulations, ensuring that children continue to go to school, and reporting employers who use child labor.(16)
Street People Committee‡
Interministerial committee chaired by MOSAVY that provides direct support for street children. Responsible for determining the number of people living and working on the street, including children, and providing for their needs.(37, 52)
Bilingual Education Programs*‡
Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport's (MOEYS) bilingual education program for ethnic minority children in preschools and primary schools in three provinces. Targets 2,359 students from grades one through three in 27 schools.(52, 53)
Cambodians EXCEL: Eliminating eXploitative Child Labor through Education and Livelihoods (2012–2016)
$10 million, USDOL funded, 4-year project to combat child labor in agriculture, fishing, and domestic service. Targets 28,000 child laborers and at-risk children to receive education services, and 14,000 households to receive livelihood services.(54) Addresses a complex set of factors causing child labor, including poverty, limited education access, cultural acceptance of child labor, debt, migration, and lack of regulation in the informal sector.(54)
Better Factories Cambodia (BFC)
Monitors garment factories through unannounced visits to check for compliance with national and international labor standards, and works with factories implementing remediation plans. Works with tripartite partners, including the Government of Cambodia, trade unions, and Garment Manufacturers Association in Cambodia (GMAC), and is part of a global partnership between the ILO and the International Finance Corporation (IFC).(55) In December 2014, the GMAC and BFC signed an agreement to remove child labor from the garment sector.(56)
Counter Trafficking in Persons II (CTIP II) (2011–2015)
$5.4 million USAID-funded, 4-year program implemented by Winrock International to improve the Government and civil society's coordination and capacity to effectively combat all forms of human trafficking. CTIP II focuses specifically on addressing the needs of victims of forced labor and sexual exploitation.(57)
Improved Basic Education in Cambodia Project (2009–2014)*
$10 million USAID-funded, 5-year project supported by the MOEYS to enhance access to education, targeting 202 primary schools and 101 lower secondary schools. Provides improvement grants to schools for scholarships, latrines, and equipment including computer and science labs.(58)
UN WFP Country Program (2011–2016)*
Australian-funded, 5-year program implemented by the MOEYS to improve food security and nutrition, which includes providing breakfast and take-home rations to vulnerable primary school children, and off-season income-generation activities for the poor.(59) In 2013, WFP introduced a new cash scholarship transfer pilot program through a mobile banking system, in partnership with Angkor Microfinance of Kampuchea. Beneficiaries of the program must attend 80 percent of their classes and receive cash assistance that can be used for food or school supplies.(60)
Project Childhood (2010–2014)
$3.7 million Australian-funded, 4-year regional project to combat child sex tourism in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.(61, 62) Seeks to ensure that the relevant legislative framework of each participating country meets international standards; that the police, prosecutors, and judges understand the law; and that mechanisms are established to promote cooperation within and across borders.(62)
ILO Decent Work Country Program (2011–2015), endorsed by the MOSAVY
Highlights child labor issues and outlines a framework for enhancing policies, laws, and enforcement mechanisms to protect children.(26)
* The impact of this program on child labor does not appear to have been studied. ‡ Program is funded by the Government of Cambodia.
The Government of Cambodia relies heavily on outside funding to combat child labor, including its worst forms.(16)
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor, including its worst forms, in Cambodia (Table 9).
Table 9. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor, Including its Worst Forms
Suggested Action
Year(s) Suggested
Legal Framework
Institute and enforce a compulsory education age that is at a minimum equal to the minimum age for work.
Ensure that the law's minimum age provisions apply to children working as domestic workers.
Ensure regular inspections inspect for child labor violations.
Develop and implement standardized guidelines for conducting child labor inspections.
Provide sufficient resources for the enforcement of child labor laws to ensure inspections are conducted throughout the country.
Enforce regulations regarding child labor in agriculture, tobacco, cassava, and fishing.
Conduct targeted inspections of industries in which hazardous child labor is known to occur.
Increase anti-trafficking training for law enforcement officers including at Cambodian National Police academies.
Increase capacity to collect and report on reliable and timely TIP data.
Uniformly administer penalties for violations of child labor laws in accordance with the parameters prescribed by law.
Government Policies
Approve a new National Plan of Action on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (NPA-WFCL).
Approve a new National Plan of Action on the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, Labor, and Sexual Exploitation (NPA-STSLS).
Approve a new Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan.
Social Programs
Ensure all children have access to free quality education, including by ensuring school fees are not charged and addressing distance, transport, and language barriers.
Assess the impact that existing poverty alleviation, food security, and education programs may have on the worst forms of child labor.
1.Mathew, S. "Children's Work and Child Labor in Fisheries: A Note on Principles and Criteria for Employing Children and Policies and Action for Progressively Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Fisheries and Aquaculture," in FAO Workshop: Child Labor in Fisheries and Aquaculture; April 14-16, 2010; Rome;.
2.National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia and ILO. Cambodia Labour Force and Child Labour Survey 2012: Child Labour Report. Phnom Penh; November 2013.
3.Mam, K. "A River Changes Course," Cambodia: January 21, 2013; 83 min., film;.
4.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, January 28, 2013.
5.Understanding Children's Work. The twin challenges of child labour and educational marinalisation in the South-East and East Asia region: an overview. Rome; May 2014.
6.Hodal, K. "Cambodia's sugar rush leaves farmers feeling bitter at 'land grab'." The Guardian, July 9, 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/09/cambodiasugarlandgrabclaims.
7.Sovuthy, K. "Child Labor Probe on Preah Vihear Sugar Plantation Moves Forward." The Cambodia Daily, April 3, 2014. https://www.cambodiadaily.com/archives/childlaborprobeonpreahvihearsugarplantationmovesforward55643/.
8.Hul Reaksmey, and Alex Consiglio. "Sugar Company Says No Child Labor; Workers Say Otherwise." The Cambodia Daily, Phnom Penh, February 27, 2015.
9.International Trade Union Confederation. Internationally Recognized Core Labour Standards in Cambodia: Report for the WTO General Council Review of the Trade Policies of Cambodia. Geneva; November 1-3, 2011.
10.Human Rights Watch. They Deceived Us at Every Step: Abuse of Cambodian Domestic Workers Migrating to Malaysia. New York; 2011.
11.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, February 12, 2014.
12.U.S. Department of State. "Cambodia," in Trafficking in Persons Report- 2014. Washington, DC; June 20, 2014;.
13.UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary. Total. [accessed January 16, 2015];. Data provided is the gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary school. This measure is a proxy measure for primary completion. For more information, please see the "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" section of this report.
14.UCW. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. Original data from Labour Force and Child Labour Survey, 2012. Analysis received January 16, 2015. Reliable statistical data on the worst forms of child labor are especially difficult to collect given the often hidden or illegal nature of the worst forms. As a result, statistics on children's work in general are reported in this chart, which may or may not include the worst forms of child labor. For more information on sources used, the definition of working children and other indicators used in this report, please see the "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" section of this report.
15.ILO. "From a Child's Eye: Working in the Hot, Sharp Salt Fields of Cambodia." ILO News, Geneva, June 7, 2012; Feature.
16.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, January 17, 2014.
17.Childs Rights International Network. Cambodia: Persistent Violations of Children's Rights. London; October 24, 2011.
18.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Observation concerning Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 199 (No. 182) Cambodia (ratification: 2006) Published: 2012; accessed October 19, 2012;.
19.UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 44 of the Convention: Concluding Observations: Cambodia. Geneva; August 3, 2011. Report No. CRC/C/KHM/CO/2-3. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/crcs57.htm.
20.U.S. Department of State. "Cambodia," in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices- 2013. Washington, DC; February 27, 2014;.
21.Crowder, N. "Tourists or voyeurs? Outsiders gaze at child labor in Cambodia's largest landfill." The Washington Post, Washington, DC, February 26, 2015.
22.Sidner, S. "Cambodian Village has Disturbing Reputation for Child Sex Slavery." [online] October 23, 2011 [cited January 17, 2012];.
23.UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Consideration of Reports of State parties: Replies of Cambodia to the list of issues,. Geneva; January 6, 2015. Report No. CRC/C/OPSC/KHM/Q/1/Add.1.
24.UN Human Rights Council. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia. Genva; August 15, 2014. Report No. A/HRC/27/70.
25.Dawson, W. "Supplementary Education in Cambodia." The Newsletter, 56(Spring)(2011);.
26.ILO. Decent Work Country Programme (2011-2015). Geneva; 2011.
27.Government of Cambodia. Cambodian Labor Law, enacted March 13, 1997.
28.Government of Cambodia. Prakas on the Prohibition of Hazardous Child Labor, Prakas No. 106, enacted April 28, 2004.
29.Government of Cambodia. Law on Suppression of the Kidnapping, Trafficking and Exploitation of Human Persons, enacted January 16, 1996.
30.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, February 8, 2011.
31.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, January 12, 2012.
32.Child Soldiers International. Louder Than Words: An agenda for action to end state use of child soldiers. London; September 2012.
33.Government of Cambodia. The Law on Education, enacted 2007.
34.Government of Cambodia. Sub-Decree No. 191 (RGC) on Management of Entertainment-Tourism Center for Adults (METCA), enacted May 29, 2014.
35.ILO-IPEC. To Contribute to Developing National Capacities to Achieve the 2015 National Child Labor Reduction Targets and the ILO Global Targets for Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia by 2016 "Towards Twenty Sixteen: Contributing towards Ending the WFCL in Cambodia". Technical Progress Report. Geneva; April 9, 2012.
36.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, January 29, 2010.
37.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 28, 2014.
38.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, January 15, 2015.
39.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. April 13, 2015.
40.ILO-IPEC. Note on Revisions Proposed for Enforcement Frameworks on Child Labor, with a View to Achieving the Twin Goals in Cambodia. Geneva; July 12, 2010.
41.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. reporting, February 15, 2015.
42.Government of Cambodia. National Plan of Action on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (NPA-WFCL). Phnom Penh; 2008. http://www.english.childlabor.org.kh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=27.
43.Government of Cambodia. Decision on The Establishment and Functioning of the Migration Working Group of the Secretariat of the National Committee to Lead the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, Labor, and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children (NC/STSLS), enacted September 18, 2012.
44.Hruby, D. "Guidelines Finalized for Child Workers in Fisheries Sector." The Cambodia Daily, Phnom Penh, March 15, 2014; News.
45.Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation. Policy on Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking. Phnom Penh; 2009.
46.Government of Cambodia. Safety Village Commune/Sangkat Policy Guideline. Phnom Penh; August 2010.
47.Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport. Education Strategic Plan 2014-2018. Phnom Penh; March 2014.
48.Winrock International. Children's Empowerment through Education Services. Technical Progress Report. Arlington, VA; October 2011.
49.Government of Cambodia. Rectangular Strategy" for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency Phase III. Phnom Penh; September 2013. http://cnv.org.kh/en/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/26sep13_rectangular-strategy_phaseIII.pdf.
50.Government of Cambodia. National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and Vulnerable. Phnom Penh; 2011.
51.World Vision official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 18, 2014.
52.UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 44 of the Convention: Summary Record of the 1621st Meeting: Cambodia. Geneva; June 14, 2011. Report No. CRC/C/SR.1621.
53.UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Reply to the List of Issues Raised by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Related to the Consideration of the 2nd and 3rd Report on the Implementation of Convention on the Rights of the Child. Prepared by the Government of Cambodia, May 2011.
54.World Vision. Cambodians EXCEL: Eliminating Exploitative Child Labor through Education and Livelihoods. Project Proposal. Washington, DC; October 2, 2012.
55.Better Factories Cambodia. BetterFactories, [online] [cited January 16, 2015];.
56.Better Factories Cambodia. ILO-BFC and GMAC Working hand-in-hand to Eradicate Child Labour in Camboida's Garment Industry. online. Phnom Penh; December 16, 2014. http://betterfactories.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Joint-Press-Release-ILO-BFC-and-GMAC-Working-hand-in-hand-to-Eradicate-Child-Labour-EN.pdf.
57.U.S. Embassy- Phnom Penh. New USAID Program to support Cambodian Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons. Press Release. Phnom Penh; November 4, 2011.
58.World Education. Welcome to the IBEC Website, World Education, [online] [cited January 13, 2012];.
59.World Food Programme. Cambodia: WFP Activities, World Food Programme, [online] [cited January 8, 2013];.
60.World Food Program Cambodia. Cambodia: Solving Hunger Through Mobile Cash Transfer, World Food Program, [online] July 11, 2013 [cited March 20, 2014];.
61.Cambodia National Council for Children. Consultation Workshop on a Legal Framework Addressing Child Sex Tourism, CNCC, [online] [cited February 23, 2012];.
62.UNODC. Project Childhood: Protection Pillar: Enhancing Law Enforcement Capacity for National and Transnational Action to Identify and Effectively Act Upon Travelling Child-sex Offenders in the Mekong, UNODC, [online] [cited October 19, 2012];.
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We're ready for you!
Registration opens at 7AM this Tuesday March 1st.
Register HERE
We're ready for you!
Registration opens at 7AM this Tuesday March 1st.
Register HERE
Registration for the 2016 Ashworth Awards Baystate Marathon and Half Marathon will open on March 1st.
Running the 2016 marathon will qualify you for the 2018 Boston Marathon, provided you run a qualifying time at Baystate.
Run your best marathon by registering here.
Thank you to all who ran the Ashworth Awards Baystate Marathon and Half Marathon again this year. We know many of you are repeat runners – and we are honored and thrilled to have you with us.
Please join us again next year on October 16th, 2016 for the 28th running of the Ashworth Awards […]
On-line registration closed at 8AM this morning…
But we still have 109 marathon spots and 373 half marathon spots open. Come to the Expo (Fri 6-9, Sat 9-6) to claim those spots. Please cash or check only.
Sorry – no race day registration – no exceptions.
You can fill out this application and bring it […]
Here is a copy of the email we sent to registered runners on Thursday, October 8th.
If your message did not contain a bib number – relax (don't worry, be happy) it just means your number has not yet been assigned. When we assign it, we'll send you an update email.
Hi Runner
Greetings from […]
You can still register for both the marathon and the half marathon.
We will accept registrations on line until Wed Oct 14th at 8AM – after that, any remaining spots can be claimed at the Expo (Fri 6-9, Sat 9-6) – cash or check only (no credit cards).
There will be no race day registration.
We get this question a lot!
We think the best locations to see the race are:
The Rourke Bridge area This is the best spot on the course. From the Rourke Bridge you can see the marathon runners three times (just before 3 miles, again at 12.6 miles and lastly at 22.6 miles). You […]
Once again the BAA has set the registration period for the 2016 Boston Marathon to open in early September. This is before nearly every fall marathon in North America and Europe, thus making all of these marathons, including Baystate, unlikely to be usable for entry into Boston 2016.
Needless to say this is regrettable for […]
Hey everybody – looking to book a room for the 2015 Ashworth Awards Baystate Marathon and Half Marathon? You're in luck – we made arrangements with local hotels – you can see the details here.
One of the improvements we are making for 2015 is a shuttle service to and from the race. This service […]
"Remember you have NOT crossed the finish line until you get your pictures @ Capstone Photography." Capstone is the official photographer of the Baystate Marathon and Half Marathon. Keep an eye out for an emailwith a link to YOUR personal pictures from our event. Your picture purchase helps support our organization. Thanks in advance […]
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Having your quarterback sacked 11 times in a single game usually means changes are in store, especially if your team is preparing for a meaningless game.
The Jets on Thursday said rookie Greg McElroy has a concussion and will be replaced Sunday by former starter Mark Sanchez in New York's season finale at Buffalo. The Bills, by the way, are also playing out the string.
Jets coach Rex Ryan walked into his news conference before Thursday's practice and opened with: "You're not going to believe this."


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The Democrats blasted Stone, a Waynesboro Republican, for introducing an alternative version when he doesn't live in Richmond County, even though part of his district includes the county.
"The last thing this delegation wants is for the courts to draw our district lines; however, we think it is equally as disheartening for a senator who represents less than 15 percent of Augusta to draw the lines," the Democrats said in a statement listing Reps. Wayne Howard, Quincy Murphy, Gloria Frazier and Earnest Smith.
"It's unfortunate that a self-appointed senator to be involved that caused us to be in this problem we're in now," said Howard, the chairman of the delegation.
The House Democrats favored a map drafted last year by a committee of lawmakers, commissioners and school board members. They passed that in the House over the objection of the delegation's lone Republican, Rep. Barbara Sims.
Stone and Sen. Hardie Davis, D-Augusta, deadlocked on the House map and instead jointly decided March 20 to defer to a court. After news of their decision was known, Stone said he was convinced by Mayor Deke Copenhaver to introduce an alternative that lowered the black share of District 6, evening the chances that voters there might elect a candidate of either race.
The Senate passed Stone's map Tuesday in a party-line vote under a rule that prevented the House from amending it.
"What do you do when you have a senator who decided to hold out like he did?" Howard said.
Sims expressed frustration with the Democrats.
"I was ready to agree (to the Senate version). I was ready to disagree," she said. Voting to disagree would have forced the matter to a conference committee.
"They chose not to do anything," she added.
Stone was able to use the rules to get the full Senate to vote, where Republicans hold the majority. The GOP has a majority in the House, too, but House rules treated the bill as a local one, meaning it is determined by a majority of the delegation. Sims said she tried to get it voted on by the full House but was unable.


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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — The Florida Department of Law Enforcement's Missing Children's Clearinghouse recently named school bus driver Billie Jo Kaser the statewide Bus Operator of the Year.
In January, Kaser, a driver for Escambia County School District, observed a 4-year-old walking alone on a busy thoroughfare during her afternoon bus route. When she stopped to assist the child, she discovered that the child and a 2-year-old sibling had been left home alone by their custodial parent, and Kaser notified law enforcement and district officials.
"These actions demonstrate the commitment and concern Ms. Kaser has for our children," said Jim Paul, the school district's superintendent. "It has been my experience that Ms. Kaser is a representative of the quality of drivers we have transporting children in our community every day."
Kaser was scheduled to receive the Bus Operator of the Year Award from Gov. Charlie Crist in September.
Get the latest news and most popular articles from SBF delivered straight to your inbox. Stay on top of the school bus industry and don't miss a thing!


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JLG - DVL 20 - Lift with Expandable Deck - two to choose from
Has NEW batteries, New Plastic - Low Hours
Weight capacity of 350 LBS
In GREAT Working Condition - Ready to be used on the Job Site Today.
Also available :A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF Forklifts, Scissor Lift, For Extentions, Dock Plates, Chargers, Propane Tanks
Delivery Available and Trade Ins Welcome
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Aug 31 -
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GNB 3 Phase Charger for Forklift / Hi - Lo
Have 2 Chargers available for $650.00 each.
Also Have many other Chargers Available
Also have a Large Assortment of Fork Lifts, Scissor Lifts, Tilt Trailers, Equipment Trailers and much more.
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Keywords, GNB, Charger, Fork, Lift, Hi, low, Lo, 3, Phase, fork lift, equipment
Caterpillar 6000 Pound Fork Lift
Model# G3C0K / Serial # AT83D00354
In Great Working condition -- Triple Mast -- With Side Shift - Has 4 Valve system -- Cushion Tires -- Only 8300 Hours
Also have a Large Assortment of Fork Lifts, Scissor Lifts, Skid Steers, Attachments, Equipment Trailers and Much More.
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Walled Lake
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Answered By: Camden County College Library Last Updated: Oct 09, 2015 Views: 430
Answered By: Camden County College Library
Last Updated: Oct 09, 2015 Views: 430
A PIN number is a 4-digit number (that you create) to provide password security on your library account.
You will need it every time you access the subscription resources, request an item through CamCat, or view your library record. If you forget your PIN you can reset it. See link below.
How to Create a PIN
At the screen that asks you to enter in your name and library card number:
- Type in your name and barcode but leave the PIN field blank. Click the "Log In" button.
- At next screen, re-enter name and barcode and create and confirm your PIN number.
- PIN must be numbers only and at least 4 digits that do not repeat.
- Make sure to note the PIN you created. You'll need it every time you request, use databases, and view your library record.


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Boy, this DSL changeover thing has not been the easiest!
First off, my new ISP service was supposed to start on December 10th. It was just turned on yesterday, December 18th. Somehow, and I don't think that it's a coincidence, I no longer get a dial tone on my phone line! I think Verizon screwed something up when they turned on the DSL. Thank God for cell phones; as the earliest that I can get a technician to come out to the house won't be for another 4 days or so.
Now I have to figure out how to get Echolink to work again. Going through the DSL modem, I can't connect even to the EchoTest server. Something is wrong and I think it's going to take a while to figure it out.
You gotta love technology!
73 de Larry W2LJ


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Product Information
Product Information
Mikasa Love Story Set of 2 Champagne Flutes
Celebrate true love and timeless elegance with Love Story. The graceful bands wind their way across each flute, making this a classic pattern to be treasured for anniversaries to come. Great for engagements, weddings and anniversaries. Hand washing recommended. Crafted from high quality crystal with metal stems. Set of 2 crystal toasting flute glasses, each holds 7-3/4 ounces.
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As the Pittsburgh Pirates struggle to remain in postseason contention, the possibility of their first winning season in 20 years also seems to be jeopardy.
A.J. Burnett hopes to continue his recent success against Cincinnati and help the visiting Pirates avoid a season-high sixth consecutive loss and three-game sweep at the hands of the NL Central-leading Reds on Wednesday night.
Pittsburgh (72-69) was 16 games over .500 and 2 1/2 games behind first-place Cincinnati on Aug. 8. Since then, the Pirates have lost 22 of 31 and find themselves 13 games behind the Reds after falling 5-3 on Tuesday. Though Pittsburgh is still in the hunt for a wild-card spot, it must find a way to turn things around or a once-promising year could turn into a 20th consecutive losing season.
"We've got to just keep fighting," losing pitcher Kevin Correia said. "We're not on a good run right now, but it can very easily turn around with one game. I think everybody knows that.''
One night after a frustrating 4-3, 14-inning loss, Alex Presley and Gaby Sanchez each homered but the Pirates could not overcame an early 4-1 deficit. Pittsburgh has dropped four of five at Cincinnati (86-57) since winning eight of 10 at Great American Ball Park.
Burnett (15-6, 3.68 ERA) hasn't won in his past four starts and has a 5.50 ERA in his last six. He allowed seven runs - three earned - in five innings of a 12-2 loss to Chicago on Friday when the Pirates committed seven errors.
The right-hander, however, is 3-0 with a 2.18 ERA this season against the Reds. He allowed two runs, three hits and struck out seven in 8 2-3 innings of a 6-2 win at Cincinnati on Aug. 5.
Brandon Phillips and Scott Rolen are a combined 5 for 34 (.147) against Burnett, but each homered Tuesday as the Reds won for the 20th time in 31 games.
"I'm trying to get to 100 wins and the No. 1 seed (in the postseason),'' Phillips said of the Reds, who trail NL-leading Washington by 2 1/2 games. "A hundred wins would be nice."
Phillips is 6 for 18 with two homers in his last four games versus Pittsburgh after going 3 for 28 (.107) in his previous seven against the Pirates.
Cincinnati starter Homer Bailey (10-9, 4.03) got eight runs of support in a win at Wrigley Field on Aug. 10, but the Reds have given him nine total runs in his last five starts.
He has allowed three runs and struck out 18 over 14 2-3 innings in his last two - both versus Houston. He gave up a two-run homer and fanned nine in 6 2-3 innings Friday, but closer Aroldis Chapman allowed three runs in the ninth of a 5-3 home loss.
Bailey is 6-2 with a 3.00 ERA in 10 starts against the Pirates, but has allowed 10 runs in 7 2-3 innings while losing his last two versus Pittsburgh - both at home. The right-hander yielded four runs and nine hits in 4 2-3 innings of the Aug. 5 defeat to Burnett.
Pittsburgh All-Star Andrew McCutchen is 8 for 24 with seven walks (.484 OBP) against Bailey, but 3 for 21 with two homers in his last six games overall.
Jonathan Broxton on Tuesday recorded his first save since coming over from Kansas City while closing in place of Chapman, who will be shut down for the next few days to rest his shoulder.
Broxton converted 23 of 27 save chances with the Royals.


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CLEMSON Former Maryland receiver Darryl Hill was honored by Clemson on Saturday prior to the Tigers 45-10 win over the Terrapins.
Hill was the first black football player in the Atlantic Coast Conference and became the first African-American to play in Clemsons Memorial Stadium in 1963.
Fifty years later, Hill still remembers that game at Clemson.
The hotel where visiting teams typically stayed wouldnt admit Maryland because Hill was black, so the team had to travel to Greenville to find lodging. The next day at the stadium, Hills mother was not allowed to enter. She eventually got inside after Clemson president Robert Edwards escorted her to his personal suite.
I told my coach I wasnt going to play. I was going to get my mother, who was there alone, back home safely, Hill said. I got out of my uniform and somehow (Clemson) president Robert Edwards had found her and he assured me he was going to take her to his box.
I was hyped up because of the treatment to my mother and I played very well.
Hill set an ACC record with 10 pass receptions against Clemson.
The fans were very abusive as they typically were that season, said Hill, who had played in his first game earlier that year at N.C. State. I remember during warm-ups if I dropped a pass, theyd cheer, if I caught a pass theyd boo. Then the black people sitting on the hill would cheer if I caught a ball. This started going back and forth.
Hill said midway through the third quarter, he was getting support from Clemson players.
I could feel the respect coming. They were quietly congratulating me. They couldnt do it openly during those days. But I was getting thumbs up and a helping hand out of the pile.
And on Saturday, Hill again walked out on the field at Memorial Stadium, this time to rousing cheers.
Watkins OK
Sammy Watkins walked the sidelines in the second half of Saturdays win over Maryland in street clothes after injuring his lower right leg in the first half. Watkins described the injury as an ankle bruise and said he will most definitely play next week vs. N.C. State.
Clemson coach Dabo Swinney said Watkins suffered a calf strain. Despite the differing assessment of the injury, Swinney said Watkins could have returned Saturday if Clemson needed the sophomore receiver.
A top recruit at game
The nations No. 1 recruit, Robert Nkemdiche decommitted from Clemson this week, but the Tigers are in the running for another of the nations top defensive linemen in Montravius Adams.
The 6-4, 310-pound five-star rated defensive tackle visited Clemson this weekend and took in the Maryland game. Florida, Georgia, Auburn and Alabama are also in the running for the Vienna, Ga., prospect. Clemson fans chanted We want Adams briefly during the second half.
Seckinger scores
Former Porter-Gaud standout Stanton Seckinger scored his first touchdown at Clemson on a 4-yard pass from Cole Stoudt in the fourth quarter Saturday.