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Most Cited Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Microstructure-dependent couple stress theories of functionally graded beamsJ. N. Reddy
Volume 59, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 2382-2399
A microstructure-dependent nonlinear EulerBernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories which account for through-thickness power-law variation of a two-constituent material are developed using the principle of virtual displacements. The formulation is based on a modified couple stress theory, power-law variation of the material, and the von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. The model contains a material length scale parameter that can capture the size effect in a functionally graded material, unlike the classical EulerBernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories. The influence of the parameter on static bending, vibration and buckling is investigated. The theoretical developments presented herein also serve to develop finite element models and determine the effect of the geometric nonlinearity and microstructure-dependent constitutive relations on post-buckling response. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Size-dependent fracture of Si nanowire battery anodesIll Ryu | Jang Wook Choi | Yi Cui | William D. Nix
Volume 59, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 1717-1730
We use a unique transmission electron microscope (TEM) technique to show that Si nanowires (NWs) with diameters in the range of a few hundred nanometers can be fully lithiated and delithiated without fracture, in spite of the large volume changes that occur in this process. By analyzing the stresses associated with lithiation and delithiation we conclude that the process does not occur by the growth of discrete crystalline phases; rather it occurs by amorphization of the Si NWs followed by diffusion of Li into the structure. By accounting for the large deformation associated with this process and by including the effects of pressure gradients on the diffusion of Li, we show that Si NWs with diameters less than about 300 nm could not fracture even if pre-existing cracks were present in the NW. These predictions appear to be in good agreement with the experiment. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Perspectives on biological growth and remodelingD. Ambrosi | G. A. Ateshian | E. M. Arruda | S. C. Cowin | J. Dumais | A. Goriely | G. A. Holzapfel | J. D. Humphrey | R. Kemkemer | E. Kuhl | J. E. Olberding | L. A. Taber | K. Garikipati
Volume 59, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 863-883
The continuum mechanical treatment of biological growth and remodeling has attracted considerable attention over the past fifteen years. Many aspects of these problems are now well-understood, yet there remain areas in need of significant development from the standpoint of experiments, theory, and computation. In this perspective paper we review the state of the field and highlight open questions, challenges, and avenues for further development. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A finite strain model of stress, diffusion, plastic flow, and electrochemical reactions in a lithium-ion half-cellA. F. Bower | P. R. Guduru | V. A. Sethuraman
Volume 59, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 804-828
We formulate the continuum field equations and constitutive equations that govern deformation, stress, and electric current flow in a Li-ion half-cell. The model considers mass transport through the system, deformation and stress in the anode and cathode, electrostatic fields, as well as the electrochemical reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. It extends existing analyses by accounting for the effects of finite strains and plastic flow in the electrodes, and by exploring in detail the role of stress in the electrochemical reactions at the electrodeelectrolyte interfaces. In particular, we find that that stress directly influences the rest potential at the interface, so that a term involving stress must be added to the Nernst equation if the stress in the solid is significant. The model is used to predict the variation of stress and electric potential in a model 1-D half-cell, consisting of a thin film of Si on a rigid substrate, a fluid electrolyte layer, and a solid Li cathode. The predicted cycles of stress and potential are shown to be in good agreement with experimental observations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Periodic patterns and energy states of buckled films on compliant substratesS. Cai | D. Breid | A. J. Crosby | Z. Suo | J. W. Hutchinson
Volume 59, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 1094-1114
Thin stiff films on compliant elastic substrates subject to equi-biaxial compressive stress states are observed to buckle into various periodic mode patterns including checkerboard, hexagonal and herringbone. An experimental setting in which these modes are observed and evolve is described. The modes are characterized and ranked by the extent to which they reduce the elastic energy of the filmsubstrate system relative to that of the unbuckled state over a wide range of overstress. A new mode is identified and analyzed having nodal lines coincident with an equilateral triangular pattern. Two methods are employed to ascertain the energy in the buckled state: an analytical upper-bound method and a full numerical analysis. The upper-bound is shown to be reasonably accurate to large levels of overstress. For flat films, except at small states of overstress where the checkerboard is preferred, the herringbone mode has the lowest energy, followed by the checkerboard, with the hexagonal, triangular, and one-dimensional modes lowering the energy the least. At low overstress, the hexagonal mode is observed in the experiments not the square mode. It is proposed that a slight initial curvature of the film may play role in selecting the hexagonal pattern accompanied by a detailed analysis. An intriguing finding is that the hexagonal and triangular modes have the same energy in the buckled state and, moreover, a continuous transition between these modes exists involving a linear combination of the two modes with no change in energy. Experimental observations of various periodic modes are discussed with reference to the energy landscape. Discrepancies between observations and theory are identified and open issues are highlighted. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of microstructure on the nucleation of deformation twins in polycrystalline high-purity magnesium: A multi-scale modeling studyI. J. Beyerlein | R. J. McCabe | C. N. Tomé
Volume 59, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 988-1003
A multi-scale, theoretical study of twin nucleation from grain boundaries in polycrystalline hexagonal close packed (hcp) metals is presented. A key element in the model is a probability theory for the nucleation of deformation twins based on the idea that twins originate from a statistical distribution of defects in the grain boundaries and are activated by local stresses at the grain boundaries. In this work, this theory is integrated into a crystal plasticity constitutive model in order to study the influence of these statistical effects on the microstructural evolution of the polycrystal, such as texture and twin volume fraction. Recently, a statistical analysis of exceptionally large data sets of {1012} deformation twins was conducted for high-purity Mg (Beyerlein et al., 2010a). To demonstrate the significantly enhanced accuracy of the present model over those employing more conventional, deterministic approaches to twin activation, the model is applied to the case of {1012} twinning in Mg to quantitatively interpret the many statistical features reported for these twins (e.g., variant selection, thickness, numbers per grain) and their relationship to crystallographic grain orientation, grain size, and grain boundary misorientation angle. Notably the model explains the weak relationship observed between crystal orientation and twin variant selection and the strong correlation found between grain size and the number of twins formed per grain. The predictions suggest that stress fluctuations generated at grain boundaries are responsible for experimentally observed dispersions in twin variant selection. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A finite deformation stress-dependent chemical potential and its applications to lithium ion batteriesZhiwei Cui | Feng Gao | Jianmin Qu
Volume 60, Issue 7, July 2012, Pages 1280-1295
This paper reports the development of a new stress-dependent chemical potential for solid state diffusion under multiple driving forces including mechanical stresses. The new stress-dependent chemical potential accounts for nonlinear, inelastic, and finite deformation. By using this stress-dependent chemical potential, insertion and extraction of lithium ions into a silicon particle is investigated. The distribution and evolution of diffusion-induced stress during the insertion/extraction processes are numerically calculated. Critical particle size is obtained as a function of the charging/discharging rates. It is also found that when plastic deformation occurs, the hoop stresses on the particle surface, contrary to intuition, can become positive even during the charging process, which may explain some of the recent experimental observations. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Thermomechanical behavior of thermoset shape memory polymer programmed by cold-compression: Testing and constitutive modelingGuoqiang Li | Wei Xu
Volume 59, Issue 6, June 2011, Pages 1231-1250
Programming is a key process for thermally activated stress or strain recovery of shape memory polymers (SMPs). Typically, programming requires an initial heating above the glass transition temperature (Tg), subsequent cooling below Tg and removal of the applied load, in order to fix a temporary shape. This work adopted a new approach to program thermoset SMPs directly at temperatures well below Tg, which effectively simplified the shape fixing process. 1-D compression programming below T g and free shape recovery of a thermoset SMP were experimentally investigated. Functional stability of the shape fixity under various environmental attacks was also experimentally evaluated. A mechanism-based thermoviscoelasticthermoviscoplastic constitutive model incorporating structural and stress relaxation was then developed to predict the nonlinear shape memory behavior of the SMP trained below Tg. Comparison between the prediction and the experiment showed good agreement. The structure dependence of the thermomechanical behavior of the SMP was further discussed through a parametric study per the validated constitutive model. This study validates that programming by cold-compression is a viable alternative for thermally responsive thermoset SMPs. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Toughness amplification in natural compositesFrancois Barthelat | Reza Rabiei
Volume 59, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 829-840
Natural structural materials such as bone and seashells are made of relatively weak building blocks, yet they exhibit remarkable combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness. This performance can be largely explained by their "staggered microstructure": stiff inclusions of high aspect ratio are laid parallel to each other with some overlap, and bonded by a softer matrix. While stiffness and strength are now well understood for staggered composites, the mechanisms involved in fracture are still largely unknown. This is a significant lack since the amplification of toughness with respect to their components is by far the most impressive feature in natural staggered composites such as nacre or bone. Here a model capturing the salient mechanisms involved in the cracking of a staggered structure is presented. We show that the pullout of inclusions and large process zones lead to tremendous toughness by far exceeding that of individual components. The model also suggests that a material like nacre cannot reach steady state cracking, with the implication that the toughness increases indefinitely with crack advance. These findings agree well with existing fracture data, and for the first time relate microstructural parameters with overall toughness. These insights will prove useful in the design of biomimetic materials, and provide clues on how bone fractures at the nano and microscales. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modeling viscoelastic dielectricsWei Hong
Volume 59, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 637-650
Dielectric elastomers, as an important category of electroactive polymers, are known to have viscoelastic properties that strongly affect their dynamic performance and limit their applications. Very few models accounting for the effects of both electrostatics and viscoelasticity exist in the literature, and even fewer are capable of making reliable predictions under general loads and constraints. Based on the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, this paper develops a field theory that fully couples the large inelastic deformations and electric fields in deformable dielectrics. Our theory recovers existing models of elastic dielectrics in the equilibrium limit. The mechanism of instantaneous instability, which corresponds to the pull-in instability often observed on dielectric elastomers, is studied in a general non-equilibrium state. The current theoretical framework is able to adopt most finite-deformation constitutive relations and evolution laws of viscoelastic solids. As an example, a specific material model is selected and applied to the uniform deformation of a dielectric elastomer. This model predicts the stability criteria of viscoelastic dielectrics and its dependence on loading rate, pre-stress, and relaxation. The dynamic response, as well as the hysteresis behavior of a viscoelastic dielectric elastomer under cyclic electric fields, is also studied. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
On the predictive capabilities of the shear modified Gurson and the modified Mohr-Coulomb fracture models over a wide range of stress triaxialities and Lode anglesMatthieu Dunand | Dirk Mohr
Volume 59, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 1374-1394
The predictive capabilities of the shear-modified Gurson model [Nielsen and Tvergaard, Eng. Fract. Mech. 77, 2010] and the Modified MohrCoulomb (MMC) fracture model [Bai and Wierzbicki, Int. J. Fract. 161, 2010] are evaluated. Both phenomenological fracture models are physics-inspired and take the effect of the first and third stress tensor invariants into account in predicting the onset of ductile fracture. The MMC model is based on the assumption that the initiation of fracture is determined by a critical stress state, while the shear-modified Gurson model assumes void growth as the governing mechanism. Fracture experiments on TRIP-assisted steel sheets covering a wide range of stress states (from shear to equibiaxial tension) are used to calibrate and validate these models. The model accuracy is quantified based on the predictions of the displacement to fracture for experiments which have not been used for calibration. It is found that the MMC model predictions agree well with all experiments (less than 4% error), while less accurate predictions are observed for the shear-modified Gurson model. A comparison of plots of the strain to fracture as a function of the stress triaxiality and the normalized third invariant reveals significant differences between the two models except within the vicinity of stress states that have been used for calibration. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Surface wrinkling of mucosa induced by volumetric growth: Theory, simulation and experimentBo Li | Yan Ping Cao | Xi Qiao Feng | Huajian Gao
Volume 59, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 758-774
Mechanics of living tissues focusing on the relationships between growth, morphology and function is not only of theoretical interest but can also be useful for diagnosis of certain diseases. In this paper, we model the surface wrinkling morphology of mucosa, the moist tissue that commonly lines organs and cavities throughout the body, induced by either physiological or pathological volumetric growth. A theoretical framework of finite deformation is adopted to analyze the deformation of a cylindrical cavity covered by mucosal and submucosal layers. It is shown that compressive residual stresses induced by the confined growth of mucosa can destabilize the tissue into various surface wrinkling patterns. A linear stability analysis of the critical condition and characteristic buckling patterns indicates that the wrinkling mode is sensitive to the thicknesses of the mucosal and submucosal layers, as well as the properties of the tissues. The thinner the mucosal layer and the lower its elastic modulus, the shorter the buckling wavelength. A series of finite element simulations are performed to validate the theoretical predictions and to study local wrinkling or non-uniform patterns associated with inhomogeneous growth. Our postbuckling analysis shows that the surface pattern may evolve towards a period-doubling morphology due to continuous growth of mucosa or submucosa beyond the critical state. Finally, the theoretical predictions and numerical simulations are compared to experimental observations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Giant voltage-induced deformation in dielectric elastomers near the verge of snap-through instabilityTiefeng Li | Christoph Keplinger | Richard Baumgartner | Siegfried Bauer | Wei Yang | Zhigang Suo
Volume 61, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 611-628
Dielectric elastomers are capable of large voltage-induced deformation, but achieving such large deformation in practice has been a major challenge due to electromechanical instability and electric breakdown. The complex nonlinear behavior suggests an important opportunity: electromechanical instability can be harnessed to achieve giant voltage-induced deformation. We introduce the following principle of operation: place a dielectric elastomer near the verge of snap-through instability, trigger the instability with voltage, and bend the snap-through path to avert electric breakdown. We demonstrate this principle of operation with a commonly used experimental setup - a dielectric membrane mounted on a chamber of air. The behavior of the membrane can be changed dramatically by varying parameters such as the initial pressure in the chamber, the volume of the chamber, and the prestretch of the membrane. We use a computational model to analyze inhomogeneous deformation and map out bifurcation diagrams to guide the experiment. With suitable values of the parameters, we obtain giant voltage-induced expansion of area by 1692%, far beyond the largest value reported in the literature. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Instabilities in multilayered soft dielectricsKatia Bertoldi | Massimiliano Gei
Volume 59, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 18-42
Experimental observations clearly show that the performance of dielectric elastomeric-based devices can be considerably improved using composite materials. A critical issue in the development of composite dielectric materials toward applications is the prediction of their failure mechanisms due to the applied electromechanical loads. In this paper we investigate analytically the influence of electromechanical finite deformations on the stability of multilayered soft dielectrics under plane-strain conditions. Four different criteria are considered: (i) loss of positive definiteness of the tangent electroelastic constitutive operator, (ii) existence of diffuse modes of bifurcation (microscopic modes), (iii) loss of strong ellipticity of the homogenized continuum (localized or macroscopic modes), and (iv) electric breakdown. While the formulation is developed for generic isotropic hyperelastic dielectrics, results are presented for the special class of ideal dielectrics incorporating a neo-Hookean elastic response. The effect of material properties and loading conditions is investigated, providing a detailed picture of the different possible failure modes. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experiments and modeling of iron-particle-filled magnetorheological elastomersK. Danas | S. V. Kankanala | N. Triantafyllidis
Volume 60, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 120-138
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are ferromagnetic particle impregnated rubbers whose mechanical properties are altered by the application of external magnetic fields. Due to their coupled magnetoelastic response, MREs are finding an increasing number of engineering applications. In this work, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the macroscopic response of a particular MRE consisting of a rubber matrix phase with spherical carbonyl iron particles. The MRE specimens used in this work are cured in the presence of strong magnetic fields leading to the formation of particle chain structures and thus to an overall transversely isotropic composite. The MRE samples are tested experimentally under uniaxial stresses as well as under simple shear in the absence or in the presence of magnetic fields and for different initial orientations of their particle chains with respect to the mechanical and magnetic loading direction. Using the theoretical framework for finitely strained MREs introduced by Kankanala and Triantafyllidis (2004), we propose a transversely isotropic energy density function that is able to reproduce the experimentally measured magnetization, magnetostriction and simple shear curves under different prestresses, initial particle chain orientations and magnetic fields. Microscopic mechanisms are also proposed to explain (i) the counterintuitive effect of dilation under zero or compressive applied mechanical loads for the magnetostriction experiments and (ii) the importance of a finite strain constitutive formulation even at small magnetostrictive strains. The model gives an excellent agreement with experiments for relatively moderate magnetic fields but has also been satisfactorily extended to include magnetic fields near saturation. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Elasto-static micropolar behavior of a chiral auxetic latticeA. Spadoni | M. Ruzzene
Volume 60, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 156-171
Auxetic materials expand when stretched, and shrink when compressed. This is the result of a negative Poissons ratio ν. Isotropic configurations with ν≈-1 have been designed and are expected to provide increased shear stiffness G. This assumes that Youngs modulus and ν can be engineered independently. In this article, a micropolar-continuum model is employed to describe the behavior of a representative auxetic structural network, the chiral lattice, in an attempt to remove the indeterminacy in its constitutive law resulting from ν=-1. While this indeterminacy is successfully removed, it is found that the shear modulus is an independent parameter and, for certain configurations, it is equal to that of the triangular lattice. This is remarkable as the chiral lattice is subject to bending deformation of its internal members, and thus is more compliant than the triangular lattice which is stretch dominated. The derived micropolar model also indicates that this unique lattice has the highest characteristic length scale lc of all known lattice topologies, as well as a negative first Lamé constant without violating bounds required for thermodynamic stability. We also find that hexagonal arrangements of deformable rings have a coupling number N=1. This is the first lattice reported in the literature for which couple-stress or Mindlin theory is necessary rather than being adopted a priori. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Unified nano-mechanics based probabilistic theory of quasibrittle and brittle structures: I. Strength, static crack growth, lifetime and scalingJia Liang Le | Zdeněk P. Bažant | Martin Z. Bazant
Volume 59, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 1291-1321
Engineering structures must be designed for an extremely low failure probability such as 10-6, which is beyond the means of direct verification by histogram testing. This is not a problem for brittle or ductile materials because the type of probability distribution of structural strength is fixed and known, making it possible to predict the tail probabilities from the mean and variance. It is a problem, though, for quasibrittle materials for which the type of strength distribution transitions from Gaussian to Weibullian as the structure size increases. These are heterogeneous materials with brittle constituents, characterized by material inhomogeneities that are not negligible compared to the structure size. Examples include concrete, fiber composites, coarse-grained or toughened ceramics, rocks, sea ice, rigid foams and bone, as well as many materials used in nano- and microscale devices. This study presents a unified theory of strength and lifetime for such materials, based on activation energy controlled random jumps of the nano-crack front, and on the nano-macro multiscale transition of tail probabilities. Part I of this study deals with the case of monotonic and sustained (or creep) loading, and Part II with fatigue (or cyclic) loading. On the scale of the representative volume element of material, the probability distribution of strength has a Gaussian core onto which a remote Weibull tail is grafted at failure probability of the order of 10-3. With increasing structure size, the Weibull tail penetrates into the Gaussian core. The probability distribution of static (creep) lifetime is related to the strength distribution by the power law for the static crack growth rate, for which a physical justification is given. The present theory yields a simple relation between the exponent of this law and the Weibull moduli for strength and lifetime. The benefit is that the lifetime distribution can be predicted from short-time tests of the mean size effect on strength and tests of the power law for the crack growth rate. The theory is shown to match closely numerous test data on strength and static lifetime of ceramics and concrete, and explains why their histograms deviate systematically from the straight line in Weibull scale. Although the present unified theory is built on several previous advances, new contributions are here made to address: (i) a crack in a disordered nano-structure (such as that of hydrated Portland cement), (ii) tail probability of a fiber bundle (or parallel coupling) model with softening elements, (iii) convergence of this model to the Gaussian distribution, (iv) the stress-life curve under constant load, and (v) a detailed random walk analysis of crack front jumps in an atomic lattice. The nonlocal behavior is captured in the present theory through the finiteness of the number of links in the weakest-link model, which explains why the mean size effect coincides with that of the previously formulated nonlocal Weibull theory. Brittle structures correspond to the large-size limit of the present theory. An important practical conclusion is that the safety factors for strength and tolerable minimum lifetime for large quasibrittle structures (e.g.; concrete structures and composite airframes or ship hulls, as well as various micro-devices) should be calculated as a function of structure size and geometry. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mechanics and chemical thermodynamics of phase transition in temperature-sensitive hydrogelsShengqiang Cai | Zhigang Suo
Volume 59, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 2259-2278
This paper uses the thermodynamic data of aqueous solutions of uncrosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to study the phase transition of PNIPAM hydrogels. At a low temperature, uncrosslinked PNIPAM can be dissolved in water and form a homogenous liquid solution. When the temperature is increased, the solution separates into two liquid phases with different concentrations of the polymer. Covalently crosslinked PNIPAM, however, does not dissolve in water, but can imbibe water and form a hydrogel. When the temperature is changed, the hydrogel undergoes a phase transition: the amount of water in the hydrogel in equilibrium changes with temperature discontinuously. While the aqueous solution is a liquid and cannot sustain any nonhydrostatic stress in equilibrium, the hydrogel is a solid and can sustain nonhydrostatic stress in equilibrium. The nonhydrostatic stress can markedly affect various aspects of the phase transition in the hydrogel. We adopt the FloryRehner model, and show that the interaction parameter as a function of temperature and concentration obtained from the PNIPAMwater solution can be used to analyze diverse phenomena associated with the phase transition of the PNIPAM hydrogel. We analyze free swelling, uniaxially and biaxially constrained swelling of a hydrogel, swelling of a coreshell structure, and coexistent phases in a rod. The analysis is related to available experimental observations. Also outlined is a general theory of coexistent phases undergoing inhomogeneous deformation. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Localized ridge wrinkling of stiff films on compliant substratesJianfeng Zang | Xuanhe Zhao | Yanping Cao | John W. Hutchinson
Volume 60, Issue 7, July 2012, Pages 1265-1279
Wrinkling of thin stiff films on thick compliant elastomeric substrates subject to plane strain compression is considered for cases in which the substrate is pre-stretched prior to film attachment. Advanced wrinkling modes are investigated that evolve as the systems are compressed beyond the onset of the primary sinusoidal wrinkling mode. If the substrate pre-stretch is greater than about 40%, an advanced mode in the form of a series of well-spaced ridges separated by relatively flat film is observed in the simulations. Our experiments reveal a localization mode in the form of alternating packets of large and small amplitude wrinkles, but not ridges, while ridge formation has been observed in other recent experiments. Measurements of undulation amplitudes have been made for wrinkle fields of stiff films formed by oxidation of the surface of pre-stretched PDMS substrates. Simulations have been performed with a finite element model and an analytical film/substrate model. The formation of the ridge mode is a consequence of the altered nonlinearity of the substrate produced by the pre-stretch. The role of the tangential substrate stiffness in suppressing localization at the ridges is also highlighted. If there is no substrate pre-stretch, or if the substrate is pre-compressed, the primary sinusoidal mode gives way to an entirely different sequence of advanced modes usually entailing period doubling followed by folding. The nature of substrate nonlinearity that leads to ridges or folds is discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Mechanical properties of graphene papersYilun Liu | Bo Xie | Zhong Zhang | Quanshui Zheng | Zhiping Xu
Volume 60, Issue 4, April 2012, Pages 591-605
Graphene-based paper materials attract particular interests recently owing to their outstanding properties, the key of which is their layer-by-layer hierarchical structures similar to many biological materials such as bone, teeth and nacre, combining intralayer strong sp 2 bonds and interlayer crosslinks for efficient load transfer. Here we firstly study the mechanical properties of various interlayer and intralayer crosslinks through first-principles calculations, and then perform continuum model analysis for the overall mechanical properties of graphene-based paper materials. We find that there is a characteristic length scale l 0, defined as D h0/4G, where D is the stiffness of the graphene sheet, h 0 and G are height of interlayer crosslink and shear modulus respectively. When the size of the graphene sheets exceeds 3l 0, the tensionshear (TS) chain model, which is widely used for nanocomposites, fails to predict the overall mechanical properties of the graphene-based papers. Instead we proposed here a deformable tensionshear (DTS) model by considering elastic deformation of graphene sheets, also the interlayer and intralayer crosslinks. The DTS is then applied to predict the mechanical properties of graphene papers under tensile loading. According to the results we thus obtain, optimal design strategies are proposed for graphene papers with ultrahigh stiffness, strength and toughness. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Circumferential buckling instability of a growing cylindrical tubeD. E. Moulton | A. Goriely
Volume 59, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 525-537
A cylindrical elastic tube under uniform radial external pressure will buckle circumferentially to a non-circular cross-section at a critical pressure. The buckling represents an instability of the inner or outer edge of the tube. This is a common phenomenon in biological tissues, where it is referred to as mucosal folding. Here, we investigate this buckling instability in a growing elastic tube. A change in thickness due to growth can have a dramatic impact on circumferential buckling, both in the critical pressure and the buckling pattern. We consider both single- and bi-layer tubes and multiple boundary conditions. We highlight the competition between geometric effects, i.e. the change in tube dimensions, and mechanical effects, i.e. the effect of residual stress, due to differential growth. This competition can lead to non-intuitive results, such as a tube growing to be thinner and yet buckle at a higher pressure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Growing skin: A computational model for skin expansion in reconstructive surgeryAdrián Buganza Tepole | Christopher Joseph Ploch | Jonathan Wong | Arun K. Gosain | Ellen Kuhl
Volume 59, Issue 10, October 2011, Pages 2177-2190
The goal of this manuscript is to establish a novel computational model for stretch-induced skin growth during tissue expansion. Tissue expansion is a common surgical procedure to grow extra skin for reconstructing birth defects, burn injuries, or cancerous breasts. To model skin growth within the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics, we adopt the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a growth part. Within this concept, we characterize growth as an irreversible, stretch-driven, transversely isotropic process parameterized in terms of a single scalar-valued growth multiplier, the in-plane area growth. To discretize its evolution in time, we apply an unconditionally stable, implicit Euler backward scheme. To discretize it in space, we utilize the finite element method. For maximum algorithmic efficiency and optimal convergence, we suggest an inner Newton iteration to locally update the growth multiplier at each integration point. This iteration is embedded within an outer Newton iteration to globally update the deformation at each finite element node. To demonstrate the characteristic features of skin growth, we simulate the process of gradual tissue expander inflation. To visualize growth-induced residual stresses, we simulate a subsequent tissue expander deflation. In particular, we compare the spatio-temporal evolution of area growth, elastic strains, and residual stresses for four commonly available tissue expander geometries. We believe that predictive computational modeling can open new avenues in reconstructive surgery to rationalize and standardize clinical process parameters such as expander geometry, expander size, expander placement, and inflation timing. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Slip transfer and plastic strain accumulation across grain boundaries in Hastelloy XWael Z. Abuzaid | Michael D. Sangid | Jay D. Carroll | Huseyin Sehitoglu | John Lambros
Volume 60, Issue 6, June 2012, Pages 1201-1220
In this study, high resolution ex situ digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure plastic strain accumulation with sub-grain level spatial resolution in uniaxial tension of a nickel-based superalloy, Hastelloy X. In addition, the underlying microstructure was characterized with similar spatial resolution using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). With this combination of crystallographic orientation data and plastic strain measurements, the resolved shear strains on individual slip systems were spatially calculated across a substantial region of interest, i.e., we determined the local slip system activity in an aggregate of ∼600 grains and annealing twins. The full-field DIC measurements show a high level of heterogeneity in the plastic response with large variations in strain magnitudes within grains and across grain boundaries (GBs). We used the experimental results to study these variations in strain, focusing in particular on the role of slip transmission across GBs in the development of strain heterogeneities. For every GB in the polycrystalline aggregate, we have established the most likely dislocation reaction and used that information to calculate the residual Burgers vector and plastic strain magnitudes due to slip transmission across each interface. We have also used molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to establish the energy barriers to slip transmission for selected cases yielding different magnitudes of the residual Burgers vector. From our analysis, we show an inverse relation between the magnitudes of the residual Burgers vector and the plastic strains across GBs. Also, the MD simulations reveal a higher energy barrier for slip transmission at high magnitudes of the residual Burgers vector. We therefore emphasize the importance of considering the magnitude of the residual Burgers vector to obtain a better description of the GB resistance to slip transmission, which in turn influences the local plastic strains in the vicinity of grain boundaries. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Phenomenological crystal plasticity modeling and detailed micromechanical investigations of pure magnesiumJing Zhang | Shailendra P. Joshi
Volume 60, Issue 5, May 2012, Pages 945-972
We present a single crystal plasticity model for pure Mg incorporating slip and deformation twinning. The model uses the basic framework of Kalidindi (1998), but proposes constitutive descriptions for the slip and twin evolution and their interactions that are motivated by experimental observations. Based on compelling experimental evidences, we distinguish between the constitutive descriptions of the tension and compression twinning to better represent their roles in the overall hardening of Mg single crystals. With these improved phenomenological descriptions, we first calibrate material parameters for the different slip and twin modes by performing three-dimensional simulations mimicking the plane-strain compression experiments by Kelley and Hosford (1967, 1968) on single crystal pure Mg. In doing so, these computational responses are critically compared with their corresponding orientation-dependent microscopic (slip and twin activities) and macroscopic (stressstrain responses) experimental observations. Then, the calibrated parameters are used to predict several other experimental results on pure single- and poly-crystal Mg under different loading conditions. We also investigate the role of pre-existing heterogeneities such as initial twin population and stiff, elastic inclusions on the single crystal macroscopic and microscopic responses. Microstructural characteristics show that such heterogeneities strongly influence the local and global evolution of the slip and twin activities, and in some cases modulate the strength anisotropy that is commonly observed in monolithic single crystals. These results may provide useful indicators toward designing novel composite Mg microstructures. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Homogenization-based constitutive models for magnetorheological elastomers at finite strainP. Ponte Castañeda | E. Galipeau
Volume 59, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 194-215
This paper proposes a new homogenization framework for magnetoelastic composites accounting for the effect of magnetic dipole interactions, as well as finite strains. In addition, it provides an application for magnetorheological elastomers via a "partial decoupling" approximation splitting the magnetoelastic energy into a purely mechanical component, together with a magnetostatic component evaluated in the deformed configuration of the composite, as estimated by means of the purely mechanical solution of the problem. It is argued that the resulting constitutive model for the material, which can account for the initial volume fraction, average shape, orientation and distribution of the magnetically anisotropic, non-spherical particles, should be quite accurate at least for perfectly aligned magnetic and mechanical loadings. The theory predicts the existence of certain "extra" stressesarising in the composite beyond the purely mechanical and magnetic (Maxwell) stresseswhich can be directly linked to deformation-induced changes in the microstructure. For the special case of isotropic distributions of magnetically isotropic, spherical particles, the extra stresses are due to changes in the particle two-point distribution function with the deformation, and are of order volume fraction squared, while the corresponding extra stresses for the case of aligned, ellipsoidal particles can be of order volume fraction, when changes are induced by the deformation in the orientation of the particles. The theory is capable of handling the strongly nonlinear effects associated with finite strains and magnetic saturation of the particles at sufficiently high deformations and magnetic fields, respectively. © 2010 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
Skip to comments.Gifts for Baby Boy Palin Pouring Into Alaska
Posted on 12/27/2008 9:14:38 AM PST by winoneforthegipper
Baby gifts for Bristol Palin's impending bundle of joy are pouring into Alaska from all over the world, says Alaska's first grandfather, Chuck Heath, to the tune of "hundreds of thousands" of pieces of mail.
Heath, 70, says boxes are piling up in the mail room of Bristol's mom, Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin.
"I'd say from a half-dozen countries," Heath says. "In Sarah's mail room, there's 87 boxes -- big boxes of mail that we haven't even opened." He adds that there's no way the family will ever be able to answer every letter, although they are trying.
(Excerpt) Read more at parentdish.com ...
Godspeed baby boy, Palin!
conservativism won every where it was presented..
P.S. Don't read the hate mail comments....!
Sick people.
I hope one of the gifts is a 12-gauge shotgun -— to protect Grandma!
When is this world going to realize that intelligence is not marked by how contrarian ones views are?
Conservatives unite our time has yet come!
OK what is it with the strange names the Palin family gives to it's young uns?:^)
I'd like to get the address and mail a gift myself.
The names are not strange. What is unusual about this is so terribly many Americans seem to be ignorant of traditional American ways of naming children. I thought we'd fixed the problem more than 60 years ago with "Harry S. Truman" ~ that "S" doesn't mean anything but "S".
Question: What's the meaning behind Sarah Palin's children's names?
Many jokes have been made about the Palin children's unusual names. They weren't randomly chosen. In fact, Alaska Governor Sarah Palin and her husband Todd Palin selected names that reflect the family's personal history and shared passions.
Track, the first-born and oldest son, was given that name because of the family's longstanding interest in sports. Sarah's parents were coaches, Todd was a high school athlete and Sarah is an avid runner. Their first child was born during the track season.
Bristol, the oldest daughter, is named after Bristol Bay, an area where Todd grew up. Bristol Bay is also the site of the family's commercial fishing interests.
The Palins have not identified the significance of their other two daughters' names, but the meaning is likely rooted in aspects of the region's culture and way of life.
Willow is the name of a small community in Alaska relatively close to Wasilla.
Piper may have come from the name of the popular bush plane the Piper Cub, which is commonly used in Alaska. In an interview with PEOPLE magazine Todd was quoted as saying "there's just not too many Pipers out there and it's a cool name."
Trig Paxson Van Palin is the couple's youngest child and second son. According to the governor's spokesperson Sharon Leighow in a statement made shortly after the baby's birth, Trig is Norse and means "true" and "brave victory." Paxson is a region in Alaska the couple favors. Van is a nod to the rock group Van Halen; before Trig's birth, his mother had joked about naming her son Van Palin after the band.
Firstly, it would not let me leave the site without temporarily logging off my laptop. There were several invitations to visit porn sites and a whole string of hateful comments about the Palins.
What is especially disturbing is that it's an AOL parenting site.
To the future FIRST GRANDSON!
Literally, figuratively, politically...
Did people question the origin of Piper Laurie's first name? I like the name.
aol is big into porn. When I got my first computer a friend set me up with an aol account — after a few months I switched to earthlink because on the aol porn was popping up all the time.
I fail to see how this is any of your business
My apologies!
I fail to see how this is any of your business.
There's probably a lot you fail to see, Including that I was joking
For you and others in Rio Linda: I do not, and have never believed that Bristol Palin's child was going to actually be named Baby Boy Palin.
The site asked me to disable my pop up blocker and I decided against it. Now I am glad I didn't, thanks for affirming my decision.
Thank you for your gracious apology. God bless you this coming New Year.
I hope he gets a couple of PC's, sporting equipment, lots of guns and science and history books.
I hope someone is screening all this stuff. Too many crazies out there.
So, "Track" might have been "Volleyball"?
Any news?
And Piper might have been Cessna.
I love the name Piper. It is so cute The names of the Palin girls are not too bad. However, the names Track and Trig are pretty whack.
I still feel bad that Sarah is going to be a grandma at such a young age. I hope Bristol and Levi finish high school.
"Beechcraft Palin" ?
I like Piper better. LOL
Oh man I love this gal's sense of humor.
Van Palin, LOL
You're right.
And it's a good thing for Bristol her parents didn't have a fondness for Half Moon Bay.
You must have gone to a porn site. Serves you right.
Ah............so when's the Wedding? Shouldn't that happen first?
Not that I have heard. However, Sarah is due on Wolfie's show tomorrow!!
The Internet is a dangerous place. Once while searching for a picture of denim overalls to decorate a letter to my five year old grandson a porno image of two men appeared. I'm glad my grade school grandchildren are not allowed to go on line or search without a parent beside them. May God bless you this coming New Year.
*** So, Track might have been Volleyball? ***
Her Dad tells the story of when Sarah told her they were naming their son "Track" because of the track season. He quipped "And what if it were basketball season?". He said that she replied, without missing a beat - "Hoops". (Recall she was a b-ball star).
And repair work for her church is coming along. Here's a link to the latest, with pics: http://wasillabible.org/
LOL - true!
Isn't she a week overdue?
Good thing it wasn't. You know how kids are with other kids' names-- they would have called her "Cesspool."
In summer methinks.
Late Edition is a compilation of past interviews—so there will just be parts of Sarah's interview last month with Wolfie.
I just saw it mentioned in a Sunday talking head run-down.
You saved me some rather wasted moments.....lol!
"Commander Palin" works.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
KYOKA - ISH (12" - USED m-/m-)
"first solo female on the raster-noton roster works as a musician / composer in berlin and tokyo. she has been releasing music since 2008 and is known for her chaotic, direct approach and heavy-rough sound resulting in a broken pop-beat with experimental yet danceable rhythms." (label info)
Go back


text:
object of faith required
Recently a young man met with me and boldly stated:
"I need to know how I can please God. I have been attending church here for three weeks and I want to join a men's Bible study because I want to increase my faith. In the past month I have lost my job, my girlfriend and my health is being determined by some test results I am waiting for. Can you help me increase my faith ?"
I simply replied "NO".
He looked at me and asked: "Then what do they pay you for around here ?"
I explained to this man that faith in this church or a men's Bible study is NOT what he needed. What he needs … and what all of us need … is faith according to Hebrews 12:2.
"Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who … endured the cross … "
What counts first is falling in love with Jesus Christ … this is the foundation of our faith.
What follows authentic faith is obedience.
Church attendance, Bible study and serving others are then driven by love and gratitude … rather than a desire to find favor with God based on what we do. Jesus already did what was necessary for our salvation when HE allowed HIS flesh to be ripped and HIS blood to be spilled for our sins.
Faith … do you just say it … or do you truly have it ? Where's the proof ?


text:
Helen Stewart
Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Monday, August 17, 2009, in St. Michael's Catholic Church in Crowley, with Father Gary Schexnayder officiating, for Helen Stewart, 79, of Crowley, who died at 6:40 p.m. Friday, August 14, 2009, in
Camelot Nursing Home of Crowley.
Burial was in the St. Francis Cemetery in Iota.
Visitation was held from 4 to 10 p.m. Sunday and from 8 a.m. until time of services on Monday.
A rosary was recited by Ms. Ding Hoffpauir at 6:30 p.m. Sunday in the funeral home chapel.
She is survived by her husband, Joseph Stewart, Sr., Crowley; two daughters, Elaine Smith and her husband Wayde, Scott, and Ginger Stewart, Crowley; two sons, Joe Stewart, Jr., and his wife Kris, Clermont, Fla., and Jeff Steward and his wife Lisa, Crowley; five grandchildren, Blair of wife Candace Smith, Tammy Smith, Tiffany Stewart, Brett and wife Heather Stewart and Casey Stewart; two sisters, Isabelle Roller, Crowley, and Mabel Brewer, Westlake; three brothers, Horace Doucet, Sulphur, Allen Doucet, Alborado, Texas, and Herman Doucet, Basile.
She was preceded in death by her father, Horace Doucet; her mother, Clemence LaCombe Doucet; one sister, Lilly Albin; and two brothers, Wilfred and J.D. Doucet.
Mrs. Stewart was a vert caring and loving person. She was a friend to many, even strangers. If someone needed her help or guidance, she was the one who would always put her helping hand. She will be sadly missed and cherished always.
Duhon Funeral Home of Crowley was in charge of funeral arrangements.


text:
Knowledge Reigns Supreme Over Nearly Everyone, or KRS-One as he's known to his close personal friends, is a towering and seminal figure in hip-hop. He's often praised for spawning the concept of the Lyrically Judged MC Battle (see: the destruction of MC Shan), laying the foundation for the hardcore ideology of gangsta rap (see: Criminal Minded) and, ironically, his charitable work within the Stop the Violence Movement, which he founded 20 years ago. While regarded as a pioneer of the genre — Scarface acknowledges the South Bronx native as an inspiration in the closing moments of his latest LP, Emeritus — KRS-One has largely fallen out of favor with most radio stations, although that should hardly be read as a criticism of his talent. Most Houstonians, in fact, may remember him most recently from his 2002 dust-up at Fitzgerald's, in which a pre-performance deposit went unpaid and eventually rolled itself into a great big mob of angry people itching to tear down the joint. We expect this event will not be mentioned when The Teacha takes the stage at The Meridian as part of the Stop the Violence Movement tour. — Shea Serrano
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text:
Sage ACT! Export to Word Template - Dropdowns and Logic After Merge
This project is now closed with a project budget of $250 - $750 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Project Budget$250 - $750 USD
Project Description
I need to have a microsoft word template (.ADT file) that can:
1) receive a mailmerge from Sage ACT! fields
2) can handle multiple dropdowns (within word)
3) can handle "IF statements"
The dropdowns need to have variables that can be easily changed: (ie.. Model 1, Model 2, Model 3 .... ) or state specific language (ie. "the strategy is income", or "the strategy is capital appreciation".
The "IF statements" logic would state something like, "IF ACCOUNT1ISBLANK then "
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text:
Rihanna and Leo Coachellad Together
RiCaprio reunited.By Kat Ward
RiCaprio reunited.By Kat Ward
Leonardo DiCaprio and Rihanna are hanging out in Paris — oh là là.By Kelly Conaboy
More on the challenges of male-female friendship.
It's trust, not sex, that gets in the way of hetero friendship.By Ann Friedman
"Approaching and befriending women whom I identify as smart has been a major revelation of my adult life."By Ann Friedman
So much for those fun, completely speculative rumors.By Charlotte Cowles
He's even more popular than Wyatt Earp!By Mark Graham
They were recently spotted in L.A. smiling, chatting, and introducing their significant others.By Amy Odell


text: Chrome Party Tonight! Arleigh15 Nov '12Latest0 Comments Why didn't I schedule a trip to NYC like I had hoped for this week? Please join Chrome and Horitoshi1 to celebrate the launch of the Chrome Tokyo Series bags. The event is tonight from 7 – 11 pm at our Chrome HUB store in NYC.


text:
Laminate vs Solid Stocks
Tools and Technologies
Rifle Country
> Laminate vs Solid Stocks
December 3, 2010, 08:57 PM
Any opinions on laminate stocks versus those made of solid walnut? Are they as durable? So far only have solid but have seen some very nice looking laminates.
If you enjoyed reading about "Laminate vs Solid Stocks" here in TheHighRoad.org archive, you'll LOVE our community. Come join
today for the full version!
December 3, 2010, 09:29 PM
Generally laminate is more durable and less prone to shifting from humidity changes.
December 3, 2010, 10:28 PM
I have had 5 bolt guns with laminate stocks split at the tang compared to over 50 solid stocks some of which are over 50 yrs old.
I have no use for them, if I see a gun and it is a good deal I will buy it with a lam. but I won't go out of my way for one.
Solid wood or synthetic for me.
The brands that have split are Ruger, Rem, and Win.
December 3, 2010, 10:36 PM
X-Rap's experience is new to me, but not necessarily to be discounted. X, do you have any pictures of these breaks? I've had a couple of laminated stocks with zero troubles, and I've recommended them to dozens of customers.
Much of how a stock behaves has to do with your environment. Here in Colorado where it is dry, I wouldn't be as concerned about a solid wood stock shifting like it would in the south or southeast. For that matter, the weather in the midwest would cause a shift.
December 4, 2010, 12:30 AM
The German military came up with laminated wood on the K98k since it was cheaper and more laminated than solid walnut stocks passed inspection.
Many are still going strong after over 70 years.
December 4, 2010, 10:46 AM
I know my view is not popular and no I don't have any pictures but I do have one here at my house from a Ruger, it is almost center of the tang and 3/8 wide and 5/8 long and actually is a chip. I suppose this one could be attributed to poor fit and recoil knocking it out. I can accept that but also return to my 1st post and say I have never had a solid stock do this and with well over 50 cf bolts from 223-338.
I will restate my claim as 2 chips and 3 splits but aside from some very old side by sides I have no similar problems with solid wood or of course synthetics.
I live in CO as well and agree about warp age in this drier climate.
December 4, 2010, 11:05 AM
Laminated stocks durability is dependent on the manufacturing process and quality control. As a side note most of the wood furniture when still produced in the USA was made of small wood sections (table tops as an example) glued as a unit in a press type machine. The glue was cured by radio frequency is a matter of seconds.
John Wayne
December 4, 2010, 12:05 PM
Laminate wood is less sensitive to the elements, but it is generally a lot heavier because of all the glue and sealant.
To me, laminate wood is for people who want a somewhat traditional-looking stock that is more durable and impervious to weather, and don't mind the weight. Personally, I think they fail on both counts because they look worse than synthetic and weigh more.
December 4, 2010, 12:52 PM
Laminate is a fancy word for plywood. Plywood does have the advantage of being inherantly more dimensionally stable than solid wood but it has disadvantages as well. The glue used to laminate the plies is heavier than the wood but also has different thermal expansion characteristics which after having been put through enough heating/cooling cycles will tend to cause the wood to separate from the glue. How long this will take depends on a long list of variables. Centurys old pieces of wood furniture are fairly common, time will tell, but I doubt that laminated stocks will fare as well. That having been said, a good quality laminated stock bought today will likely outlast even a young customer.
Vern Humphrey
December 4, 2010, 12:58 PM
I have had 5 bolt guns with laminate stocks split at the tang compared to over 50 solid stocks some of which are over 50 yrs old.
Splitting at the tang is an indication of poor bedding. It means the tang is subjected to recoil forces, and the recoil lug is not properly bedded.
December 4, 2010, 07:46 PM
I had a Savage 308 in laminated stock developed a visible crack or split along the front and rear action screws.
December 4, 2010, 08:28 PM
Somewhat related... how weather proof is laminate? Is it just better than solid wood or does it actually do pretty good in the rain? Wood is wood, but it is impregnated with all that epoxy, so makes me wonder.
December 4, 2010, 08:49 PM
it is usually sealed with a finish and holds up fine in weather, in an unfinished state it might not hold up so well, they do look nice, but as mentioned unless your looking for a heavy stock there probably not much of an advantage to them other than looks.
December 4, 2010, 09:00 PM
Here's an excerpt:
"Laminated wood stocks are actually the strongest and most stable of all stocks. Functionally, they are superior to both solid walnut and the synthetics. If laminated from decent woods and well finished they can be quite attractive. They are cheaper than solid walnut stocks because they are made from smaller slices of wood, most of which cost less than good walnut. The grain in the various layers of wood is designed to run in different directions and cancels out any tendency of the stock to warp. When properly glued under pressure and sealed laminated stocks are immensely strong and warp resistant, and virtually impervious to the elements. Laminated stocks are generally regarded as the stiffest and most accurate type of stock".
December 4, 2010, 10:11 PM
Splitting at the tang is an indication of poor bedding. It means the tang is subjected to recoil forces, and the recoil lug is not properly bedded.
Well Vern you got it pegged there, my problem is why is happening on these laminate stocks and not the rest. They are all stock rifles.
Robert Wilson
December 5, 2010, 12:10 AM
I think in some ways laminate is the best of all stock material. Properly done it is as stable and weather resistant as synthetic. It can be heavy but doesn't have to be. And it can be tailored to suit an individual in ways that synthetic really cant.
Having said all that, I don't currently own any laminate stocks because, IMO, they are at least as ugly as synthetic.
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text:
All Eyes Are on New Optical Frames from Realtree
If you can find 'em, grab 'em! These four sneaky optical styles from Realtree are something you'll want to get your hands on. Guys and gals alike will appreciate the unexpected combination of the brand's signature camo prints with the trends everybody wants to sport. Modified rectangular silhouettes are intensified with jeweled accents, two-tone colorations… Read more »


text:
The commissioners voted to reduce the office's clerical staffing hours due to budget restraints. Assessor Chris Woods said because of the lack of hours, they can't audit land for current use program. She said the office brought in roughly $300,000 last year auditing land twenty-acres and smaller.
"Our next step was to audit the 20 to 100 acre pieces but now we won't be able to do that," said Woods.
"Chris, I find it odd that three hours a week is going to make a difference in your office doing your job," said Asotin County Commissioner, Brian Shinn.
The commission cut hours back three hours for some clerical staff and cut back an appraiser to half-time. Nearly every department and program in the county has experienced significant cuts due to budget restraints.


text:
I endorse Peter, he is passionate about his work and his clients. He has ligation experience beyond his years.
John Olson Litigation Attorney
Relationship: Co-worker
I endorse Peter, he is completely dedicated to his clients' cause. I am proud to work with him.
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Relationship: Co-worker
Help your colleagues,
build your professional network,
and increase your exposure.
Note: If you are a current or former client of this lawyer, tell others what it's like to work with him or her (anonymously, if you want). Your post will make a difference. Review this lawyer.


text:
Termcard - Trinity 2016
Download the full termcard here
Regular Events
Princess - Society Game
Tuesdays 7:30pm, Gibbs Room (1-4, 8) and Royce Griffiths Room (5-7), Keble College
The cold vacuum of space is an unforgiving place. A tiny fracture in the hull of a ship can easily grow into a huge rip that depressurises the entire ship and vents the oxygen in space; a small fuel miscalculation and a ship can end up stranded in the vastness of space; or a bullet to the head just when medical supplies have run out ... death can come suddenly, without warning and without meaning.
Princess is the Trinity 2016 Society Game for OURPSoc. Players play crew on spaceships fleeing Earth's destruction, searching for a new life in space. An exploratory fleet has gone ahead of them, which they are heading to meet with, while being sure they have not brought any of Earth's problems with them...
For more information see the site princess.chaosdeathfish.com.
Memento Mundi - LARP
Saturdays 11am, The Magic Café, Magdalen Road
Memento Mundi is the society's ongoing LARP (Live Action Roleplaying) campaign on Saturdays where players act out their characters, battles and adventures of a brilliant fantasy setting in the beautiful Shotover Country Park. It's an excellent way to spend a Saturday afternoon, an exciting system, and always welcoming of new players to a great group. There are also a number of special events coming up well worth going to (see further in termcard).
For more information see the site mementomundi.chaosdeathfish.com or contact the LARP Organiser Dan Avery ft. Tom Lear.
Tabletop Games
Sundays 2pm, Brasenose College, Lecture Room VII
Various tabletop roleplaying games run in weekly sessions. There will be oneshots run from a wide range of systems and genres, so just turn up and take part in a game. For more information contact the acting Tabletop Organiser, Andrew Kenyon-Roberts. If you are interested in becoming a more permanent and semistable Tabletop Organiser, please also contact Tom Lear or Matilda Tempest. We are desperate.
The society also has a large number of people who play and run their own tabletop games, come along to one of our events to find out more.
Special Events
Pub Crawl
Friday of 4th Week (20th May)
Join us for an evening of socialising as we tour through some of Oxford's finest drinking establishments. A full list of pubs will be published closer to the event.
Night LARP
Saturday of 4th week (21st May)
Conveniently, the LARP following the pub crawl will be at night, giving you a full day to recover from the pub crawl hangover. Come join us for an evening of running around the woods and enjoying the warmer temperatures that come with it being sort of summer (hopefully).
Summer Picnic in University Parks
Saturday of 7th week (11th June)
Social event in the park. Meet roleplayers you don't know, hang out with roleplayers you do know, and probably consume more food than really advisable. More details closer to the time, but casting rituals to eldritch horrors in exchange for nice weather can begin whenever you want.
Sunday of 5th week (28th May)
Come along to vote on issues for the society. The agenda will be confirmed by the Secretary closer to the time, and any items for that should be submitted to him as he specifies.


text:
Boise State football is no longer just a seasonal affair for many fans. As soon as bowl games are done there are a series of events that a growing number of Bronco Nation faithful pay close attention to.
As the fanbase and fervor continue to grow, so does the interest in once-overlooked dates on the calendar. The 2013 calendar is certainly no exception. There are several important, exciting and intriguing events that will keep Bronco Nation entertained until the opening kickoff.
Let's look at five of those such events, what they might look like and what fans of Boise State can expect.


text:
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It's not all about the technlogy. Here we exchange ideas on the Cadence Academic Network and other subjects of general interest.
Cadence is a leading provider of system design tools, software, IP, and services.
I'm currently writing some SKILL to globally search and replace layers in an existing layout(using leSearchHierarchy and leReplace). This works fine, but does not work on mult-part paths(or at least on the subShapes of the MPP). I am able to find the ROD object using rodGetObj and testing the items in the list returned from leSearchHierarchy to find the MPPs(if rodGetObj returns something other than nil, then the object is an ROD). The problem is that i cannot find a way to change the layers of the objects that are subShapes of the ROD object. I can do this in the GUI, but selecting the ROD MPP, clicking the subpart button, which brings up the Edit ROD Subpart menu, where i can select enclosure subpath, subrectangle, or offset subpath and edit/apply the changes to the subShape layers. I have not found a way to do this in SKILL however, so any help on this topic would be much appreciated!
I also tried to modify the techfile, where the MPPs are defined to see if that would globally reevaluate the MPPS with the new layer definition, but that doesn't work. Apparently the mpps are only evaluated while drawing and once instantiated no longer refer to the definition in the techfile.
Thanks in advance for any suggestions....
There is currently no public API to change subparts of an MPP. If you want this, please contact Cadence Customer Support, and an enhancement CCR can be filed.
For now the only (non-private) solution is to do a rodUnNameShape() on the MPP, and then you can modify whatever you like (but it's not an MPP any more).
And you're right, the MPP templates are only used to seed the creation of the MPP; no reference to the template is kept, and MPPs do not update to follow changes to the MPP templates.
In reply to Andrew Beckett:
Hello Andrew,
How to use rodUnNameShape() ? what parameter argument is to be passed? Giving the objID of the MPP as the argument , gives an error message-
" parameter argument is not a valid ROD object Id - db:0x5cd6d422".
What is the correct syntax to change/ access the attributres of all sub-parts of the MPP ?
Thanks and regards,
In reply to Heywire:
You're trying to do the operation with a dbId, rather than a rodId. You can find the rodId by doing:
You can then find the shapes contained within it by doing:
rodId~>subShapes (and rodId~>dbId for the master shape)
You'd do rodUnNameShape(rodId).
Hope that helps,
It worked fine, except, rodID~>dbID was not giving me the mastershape of ROD.It is showing error,namely,nil.
That's because it's rodID~>dbId not ~>dbID (it is case sensitive). If you do rodID~>? you can see all the names of the attributes. Also (of course) you can't do it after you've done a rodUnNameShape() - because it's no longer a ROD object any more.


text:
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29 376
To buy the full-length version of this DVD, visit http://www.videoshelf.com/ Aesthetic VideoSource presents...
To buy the full-length version of this DVD, visit http://www.videoshelf.com/ Aesthetic VideoSource presents the definitive collection of the best facial massages featured in our instructional facial and massage videos. Four renowned experts bring their own distinctive facial massages to their treatments, including European facials, stone massage, chair massage, and lymphatic drainage massage. CIDESCO diplomat, Rita Page, demonstrates a detailed facial cleansing massage. Meade Steadman, LMT, demonstrates three facial massages: one incorporating hot and cold stones to help stimulate circulation and relax musculature, one showing how to restore natural beauty from the inside-out by following the musculature and vascular system, and a facial massage in the chair. Eva Mileski, aesthetician and LMT, walks you through an extensive facial massage that is part of her facials. Jennifer Bryant, LMT, instructs how to stimulate lymphatic drainage on the face using massage techniques. Received 2006 Davey Award. (1 Hr. 23 Mins.)


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Former University of Louisville baseball player Jim Patterson sat alongside Tom Jurich in the U of L athletic directors suite on Saturday night in the stadium named for Patterson.
The two cheered and exchanged high fives as the U of L baseball team made it back to a third College World Series with a 7-4 victory over Kennesaw State to sweep the best-of-three series in two games at Jim Patterson Stadium.
Jurich also pointed out to Patterson that two seasons after a renovation of the stadium that bears his name, another one is needed.
"It's the best fund raiser ploy," Jurich joked of the two weekend games.
As the program continues to reach new heights, the culture has changed and the fan base is rapidly growing. U of L averaged 1,856 fans this season, ranking No. 27 in all of college baseball and trailing only four ACC schools.
The Cardinals advanced into the school's third College World Series in front of a record crowd. It was 5,351 on Friday night for a 5-3 win over Kennesaw State and 6,007 on Saturday.
All of the 3,000 chair back seats were filled, the berm was jammed and fans were 10 deep all around the ball park.
"The great thing is Mr. Patterson was sitting up with me and I asked him, 'What are we going to do?' Jurich said. "I told him we don't have any more seats, so we have to keep going.
"He told me to come and see him."
There's no question a third expansion of the ball park built in 2005 is coming. But there's also no question this U of L program is here to stay as an elite power.
The Cardinals will be the only team making a return appearance into the College World Series. U of L had two NCAA games played prior to Dan McDonnell being named head coach and now in eight years the Cards have 24 NCAA Tournament wins.
And that includes 5-0 in the first two weekends of the tournament each of the past two seasons.
"We didn't want to be one of those programs that gets to Omaha every five or 10 years," McDonnell said. "There's nothing wrong with that. There's no disrespect in that. Let's be Florida. Let's be South Carolina. Those are teams that went three years in a row. I believed we could do it when we watched those schools do it."
It's happened this year with a team many didn't expect to make a run.
"A lot of people thought we were going to be a three seed (in the NCAA) a few weeks ago," junior reliever Nick Burdi said.
Nope, the Cardinals are going to Omaha. U of L has won 23 of its past 27 games and it's another 50-win season coming off a year when U of L lost seven players to the MLB Draft, including all three of the weekend starters.
"We knew this was going to be a rebuilding year," Jurich said. "And to see them play through adversity and do this. Well, that's why (McDonnell) is the best there is in college baseball. He's the absolute best."
McDonnell was emotional in his press conference but his message to his team after the game was simple: "Stay focused."
The Cardinals went 1-2 in 2007 in Omaha and were two and done last season. But this team is headed West on a mission.
Texas, a No. 2 seed, and No. 3 seed UC Irvine are the two other teams already in the field. Only four other No. 1 seeds are even left in the tournament, which culminates with the World Series that begins on Saturday.
"We're going to Omaha to win a national championship," senior Jeff Gardner said.
And who would bet against them. It's a program that has come a long way and continues to keep getting better - and expanding.
"You do it because the culture carries over to the next year," McDonnell said. "Eventually those (key) players run out and you just hope that you can always funnel in enough to maintain what we've had here the past couple of years. So it doesn't surprised me but it's special.
"We've got the momentum, now we just have to keep it going."


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Daniel Silver The Wall Street Journal A pointed and provocative cultural critique.
Alan Wolfe The New Republic A lively, engaging, and thought-provoking book.
Etelka Lehoczky Solon Vibrant with genuinely remarkable new ideas...Postrel's prose is a delight to read. It bubbles with salubrious little maxims, the kind that reignite one's flagging sense of intellectual adventure.
Colin Walters The Washington Times Exciting, a very important book.
Arthur Hirsch The Baltimore Sun Virginia Postrel is stirring it up...arousing praise and criticism across the country.
John Derbyshire National Review Postrel's aim is to provide a defense of adventurous, optimistic attitudes to social and technological change. That she has done very admirably, with passion and vigor.
Anthony Day Los Angeles Times The strength of The Future and Its Enemies lies in the author's passionate belief in the inherent virtue in creativity, innovation, and competition.
James W. Ceaser The Weekly Standard It is a fervent partisan statement, an unabashedly dynamist work. Postrel's conviction displays itself not just in the content of the book, but in the style she has developed to explain it. Postrel writes like a dynamo.
Michael Barone U.S. News & World Report In industrial America, centralized bureaucracies believed they could identify and impose what 1910's management expert F. W Taylor called "the one best way" In post-industrial America, Virginia Postrel argues in her insightful book The Future and Its Enemies, it makes better sense to set out simple rules, allow flexibility and accountability.


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The Alternative Investment Management Association
Alternative Investment Management Association Representing alternative asset managers globally
This list contains events organised by third-party organisations which we believe may be of interest to our members. In most cases, AIMA has chosen to partner, sponsor or endorse the event.
3 Oct 2016
The Comedy Store, London
5 Oct 2016
Hyatt Regency, San Francisco
6 Oct 2016
6 - 7 Oct 2016
The Park Lane Hotel on Central Park | New York, NY
Employees of AIMA member firms are entitled to a 10% discount when using the code AIMA10.
10 - 11 Oct 2016
Radisson Blu Portman Hotel, London
Employees of AIMA member firms are entitled to a 20% discount by using the code FKW53392AIMA
13 Oct 2016
Harbour Grand, 23 Oil Street, North Point
Employees of AIMA Member firms are entitled to a 15% discount.
17 - 19 Oct 2016
Metro Toronto Convention Center, Toronto
Illuminating the Black Art of Security. Now entering its 10th year, SecTor has built a reputation of bringing together experts from around the world to share their latest research and techniques involving underground threats and corporate defences. The conference provides an unmatched opportunity for IT Professionals and Managers to connect with their peers and learn from their mentors.
18 - 19 Oct 2016
London Marriott Grosvenor Square, London
Employees of AIMA member firms are entitled to a 15% discount using code AIMA16
19 - 20 Oct 2016
St Regis Hotel, Singapore
AIMA Members receive 10% discount off the admission price.
20 - 21 Oct 2016
The Pierre Hotel, New York City


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They say things like Vimax is reserved for men who are not able to get it up. Well, I say that it should be for any guy who wants to give it a shot. Just like any other kind of vitamin supplement, you have to understand what it's able to offer you and what you might be missing out of your diet. Many multi-vitamins are made up of natural ingredients that can come from food so it's important to analyze your own diet before taking them! I found that I could buy Vimax in Australia and quickly bought myself a three month supply.
I would not admit to most women that I take a sexual enhancement supplement. Unfortunately there is a narrative currently within our culture that is demeaning toward men that labels us as overtly sexual creatures who are out to use women for their bodies and for sex. Read more


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$12.49Life is not easy in the Soviet Union at mid-20th century, especially for a factory worker who becomes an unwed mother. But Antonina is lucky to get a room in a communal apartment that she and her little girl share with three old women. Glikeria is the daughter of former serfs. Ariadna comes from a wealthy family and speaks French. Yevdokia is illiterate and bitter. All have lost their families,
$9.69The Russian Booker Prize winning novel "The Time of Women" tells the story of three old women raising a small mute girl, Suzanna, in a communal apartment in the Soviet Union of the 1960s. Memories of hardship in first cataclysmic half of the century, as well as the loss of their own children, have receded in the background of everyday worries – such as how to preserve flour from one season to the
$11.99In her beloved New York Times bestsellers Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, Peony in Love, and, most recently, Shanghai Girls, Lisa See has brilliantly illuminated the potent bonds of mother love, romantic love, and love of country. Now, in her most powerful novel yet, she returns to these timeless themes, continuing the story of sisters Pearl and May from Shanghai Girls, and Pearl's strong-willed
$11.99A million-plus-copy best seller in Korea—a magnificent English-language debut poised to become an international sensation—this is the stunning, deeply moving story of a family's search for their mother, who goes missing one afternoon amid the crowds of the Seoul Station subway.Told through the piercing voices and urgent perspectives of a daughter, son, husband, and mother, Please Look After Mom is
$7.99Ava Markham is beautiful, savvy, chic, and more at home with Kate Spade than with the idea of fangs and fur. She can't get quite used to the fact that some of closest friends have crossed over to the Other side. Then one night she is attacked by a rogue vampire, and her deepest fears are realized when her body begins a dangerous transformation from human to immortal—a change she cannot survive
$6.49Nineteen-year-old Emma Bau has been married only three weeks when Nazi tanks thunder into her native Poland. Within days Emma's husband, Jacob, is forced to disappear underground, leaving her imprisoned within the city's decrepit, moldering Jewish ghetto. But then, in the dead of night, the resistance smuggles her out. Taken to Krakow to live with Jacob's Catholic cousin, Krysia, Emma takes on a
Original Sin (The Alexandra Jones Series #2)
The Alexandra Jones books (Book 2)Original Sin is book two in the Alexandra Jones series, the sequel to First Bitten.Alex has run. Leaving everything she knows and loves … Nathan, behind. She's a fugitive; hiding from the Original Vârcolacs who want to claim her for themselves.Hiding in Italy, she has changed her identity and her appearance; working in a coffee shop in the quiet town of Sassano.Then Zeff steps into her life. He's
Shanghai Girls and Dreams of Joy: Two Bestselling NovelsAcross two critically acclaimed linked novels, now together in this eBook bundle, Lisa See unfolds a captivating saga of the bonds between women—mothers and daughters, sisters and friends—while illuminating the events of China's tumultuous history. SHANGHAI GIRLS "As in Snow Flower and the Secret Fan and Peony in Love, [See] has . . . created ordinary women who, through willfulness and
$0.99Sylvia, a young Amish woman, knows about hard work on a farm. After an unfortunate incident on the farm, she finds herself alone and expecting her first child after the death of her husband. She works the farm alone and finds that she cannot handle the workload on her own. Despite possible backlash from the Amish community, she hires a farmhand. Will she win back acceptance by the Amish
Bought: For His Convenience or Pleasure?Billionaire Nikolai Golitsyn was on the verge of seducing Ellie. But then tragedy struck, and she was blamed for the death of his brother. The last place he wanted her was in his bed. Confused and humiliated, Ellie fled.Five years later, Nikolai's orphaned niece needs a mother, and he's tracked down Ellie--he wants her to assume the role. But this time around Nikolai intends to enjoy all the
$3.99"a perfectly balanced novel of love and tragedy.…The beauty of the streets of Moscow is a majestic backdrop to a play of mistrust and deception where friends, even the best of friends, can turn against each other in fear." WaterstonesThe action of Despite the Falling Snow moves between present day Boston and 1950s Moscow. After an early career amongst the political elite of Cold War Russia,
$12.99"The Imperial Wife is a smart, engaging novel that parallels two fascinating worlds and two singular women. Irina Reyn writes beautifully of immigrants, art and the vagaries of love".--Jess Walter, National Book Award finalist and author of the New York Times bestseller, Beautiful RuinsTwo women's lives collide when a priceless Russian artifact comes to light.Tanya Kagan, a rising specialist in


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Girls' Tops & Sweaters
Oversized Cotton Sweater - Girls
Inspired by one of Mom's favorites, this just-for-her sweater has a sporty neckline, exaggerated ribbed sleeves with striped cuffs, and a kangaroo pocket. The cozy yet chic choice with leggings or skinnies. * Pull-on style * Relaxed fit * Ribbed crewneck with center triangle detail * Long sleeves * Kangaroo pocket * Below-hip length * Cotton * Imported
Microfleece Jacket - Girls
Our fun fleece top is now a joyful jacket. Fitted and ruched, hip yet cozy, it's an ideal layering piece with contrast-color zipper and soft seasonless microfleece. * Feminine fit * Kangaroo pockets * May be monogrammed (up to 3 characters). * Poly microfleece * Imported
Wool Pullover by Moon et Miel - Girls
Fine-gauge wool gives this elegant sweater extraordinary softness. Subtle yet stunning in a beautiful lace knit, it's finished with button detailing at the right shoulder. * By Moon et Miel * Pull-on * Crew neck * Ribbed neck, cuffs, and hem * Button detail at right shoulder * Long sleeves * Hip length * Wool * Nepal
Art Study Graphic Tee - Girls
More tees, please! (We think that's what she'll say when she sets her eyes on these seriously sweet styles.) Not just for looks — this cotton jersey style is made for play and withstands wearing and washing, over and over again. Imported. * Better, wash after wash * Cotton jersey * Imported
Pima Cotton Tipped-Ruffle Tunic - Girls
A basic with a twist (but more like a ruffle) that sports an on-trend high-low hem. Made from breezy tissue-weight Pima, this tunic is as comfy as it is precious. Tip: super-cute leggings are a must for a look she'll adore. * Shirred neckline * Ruffled hem * Pima Cotton * Peru
Garnet Hill Striped Favorite Cotton Tee - Girls
Now stripes are cordially invited to a tee party! Our favorite rib-knit top is fashioned with fresh yarn-dyed colors, picot edging, and sweet contrasting neckline. Fabric is soft yet weighty. * Updated for a softer, more substantial feel * Prewashed to minimize shrinkage * Cotton * Portugal
Short-Sleeve Frill-Seekers Tunic - Girls
This designed-to-frill top is spectacularly sweet (with a layered ruffle bib and pom-pom trim) and unexpectedly sporty (with raglan sleeves). Featuring a tunic length, it's perfect layered over skinny jeans or leggings. * Pull-on * Relaxed fit * Short raglan sleeves * Tunic length, with 1" vents at sides * Tiers of ruffles trimmed with tiny pom-poms * Cotton jersey * Imported
Magpie & Mabel Jumper - Girls
This divine dress alternative gives her a pulled-together look with no extra effort. Designed for play and parties, it's a jumper with a lace-trimmed knit bodice on top and woven shorts below, and a perfect-fit elastic waist in between. * By Magpie & Mabel * Square neck * Adjustable spaghetti-strap ties * Elastic at waist * Tennis length * Cotton/spandex bodice; cotton shorts * Poly lace trim; nylon/spandex mesh ruffles * USA
Short-Sleeve Appliqué Tee - Girls
Our much-loved rib-knit top, made from the soft yet weighty cotton we're known for, now sports adorable embroidered appliqués. * Picot edging at neckline * Prewashed to minimize shrinkage * Cotton * Portugal
Pima Cotton Ruched Knit Tank - Girls
Gathers galore! This light and airy tank of tissue-weight pima cotton will quickly become her go-to piece for lovely layering and fun with friends. * Ideal for layering or wearing on its own * Fashioned with a wide scoop neckline * Gathers and ruffled edges trim the neck and armholes * Hip length * Breezy lightweight pima cotton * Peru
Sparkle Short-Sleeve Sweater by Moon et Miel - Girls
Infused with the comfort of her favorite tee, this sweater is elevated to elegance in (washable!) silk and cotton with the shimmer and shine of golden Lurex® at the ribbed neck, cuffs, and hem. * By Moon et Miel * Fitted * Crew neckline, with small tone-on-tone triangle at front * Short sleeves * Hip length * Cotton/silk; cotton/silk/Lurex® trim * Washable * Imported
Cap-Sleeve Art Tee - Girls
We've raised the bar on the basic tee by adding 3-D artwork embellishments (each appliqué varies by color — she will want one of each!). With puffy cap sleeves, this tee sweetens up every single thing she pairs it with. In an exceptional rib-knit that wears, washes, and feels like a dream. * Slim fit * Crew neckline * Combed cotton * Imported
Kanya Crochet-Trim Woven Tank - Girls
Just what she wants, this comfy cotton chambray tank is stylish from top (key-hole neck) to bottom (crochet lace-trim hem). With adjustable straps and an elastic back for a just-right fit. * By Kanya * Key-hole neck with fixed satin bow * Adjustable straps * Elastic back * Low-hip length * 100% cotton chambray * Lined * Imported
Signature Solid Tee - Girls
Our much-loved tee sports a flurry of fun colors and yarn-dyed stripes along with novelty neck trim in cool contrast colors. This not-so-basic basic is a must when those cool temps creep in. * Crew neck * Long sleeves * Hip length * Cotton * Imported
LAmade Kids Square-Neck Tee - Girls
The ruching at its square neckline gives this everyday tee just the right stuff for special events. She'll reach for this fast favorite again and again; good thing it's garment-dyed for durability. * By LAmade Kids * Classic fit * Square neckline * Long sleeves * Low-hip length * Cotton; Heather Gray is cotton/poly * USA/Imported
Magpie & Mabel Flutter-Sleeve Graphic Tee - Girls
Cute and colorful, this tee is adorned with graphics that express a fun vintage vibe and a sweet sense of humor. In supersoft cotton/spandex jersey, with flutter sleeves that top off the charming look. * By Magpie & Mabel * Fitted * Scoop neck * Short flutter sleeves * Hip length * Cotton/spandex * USA
Jersey Full-Zip Hoodie by LAmade Kids - Girls
West coast style-makers LAmade Kids present this contemporary closet staple of soft cotton jersey. Styled with kangaroo pockets and a front zipper for cozy comfort and easy layering. Destined to be a go-to piece throughout the year. * By LAmade Kids * Fine cotton jersey knit and fashionable hues * Roomy for layering * USA
Everly Embroidered Blouse - Girls
With modern style and traditional Mexican flair, this breezy embroidered blouse dazzles at playtime and parties. Effortless to wear, it's cute and boho right down to the last detail. * Front and back pleats * Decorative stitching * Pom-pom trim at cap sleeves and hem * Contrast embroidery on front bodice * Relaxed A-line shape * Rounded neckline * Keyhole closure, with button in back * High-hip length * Cotton poplin or chambray * Imported
The North Face® Girls' Reaxion Tee - Girls
Crafted in breathable, moisture-wicking poly jersey, this tee is great for all those athletic days. With its bright colors, fun graphics, and flattering V-neck, it's great for all those other days, too. * By The North Face® * Slim fit * V-neck * Short sleeves * Hip length * Poly jersey * Imported
Seaworthy Rib-Knit Tank - Girls
Summertime goes maritime! This pure cotton tank features nautical stripes and seaworthy screen-printed graphics, with a decorative bow on one shoulder strap to keep things fun and feminine. * Conforming fit * Ribbed trim at neck and arm openings * Low-hip length * Cotton * Imported
Garnet Hill Solid Favorite Cotton Tee - Girls
You are cordially invited to a tee party featuring our favorite rib-knit top with fresh yarn-dyed colors, picot edging, and sweet contrasting neckline. Fabric is soft yet weighty. * Updated for a softer, more substantial feel * Prewashed to minimize shrinkage * Cotton * Portugal
Pima Cotton Short-Sleeve Ruched Knit Tee - Girls
There's nothing like pretty feminine detailing and the soft, light touch of tissue-weight pima-cotton jersey, and this tee has both! * A great layering or stand-alone piece * Gathers at the wide, scoop neckline * Elastic gathers adorn the top of each cap sleeve * Slight A-line shape for a little swing * Hip length * Breezy lightweight pima cotton * Peru


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Irvine, CAUSA
Hometown: Laguna Niguel
January 4, 2011
Hiking, Backpacking, Camping, Snow camping Mountaineering, Climbing, Ice Climbing, Snowboarding,
Anywhere in the Sierras
The mountains are my passion. I love hiking, backpacking, camping, and mountaineering. I have a dog who hikes with me sometimes. And I have an M.A. in history with concentrations in Early Modern British history and Modern Iranian history from CSUF.
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Cabarete でのご希望の宿泊日はいつですか?
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Hostel Laguna Park
The Hostel Laguna Park Cabarete is under new management as of the 15th November 2015. We aim to provide great value for open minded travelers from around the world who like to share and meet others wh... 詳細...
Cabarete Beach Hostel
We wanted to be able to welcome those travelling on a low budget an affordable room on the beach, which up until now, simply wasn't available in this area. We really are the first.
Our hostel is... 詳細...
Hooked Cabarete
Hooked Cabarete consists of 8 studio apartments located in a tropical garden with pool.
Each apartment has a fully equipped kitchen, shower, optional AC and a private terrace with hammock.
Hooke... 詳細...
Hotel Kaoba
The Hotel Kaoba is located in Cabarete itself, a step away from the world famous windsurfing beach of Cabarete.
The hotel harmonizes with the immense surrounding tropical garden in which, out of r... 詳細...
Gipsy Ranch Rooms
Welcome to Gipsy Ranch Rooms, we would be very happy to have you in our hostel. We are a big family that are surrounded by nature and animals.
It is located 15 minutes walk from the Encuentro Surf... 詳細...
Cabarete Hostel
Cabarete Hostel is a very affordable and friendly place that welcomes travellers from all over the world. Whether your visit to Cabarete is for its world-famous watersports; or you want to explore the... 詳細...
Barefoot Beachpad
Welcome to Barefoot Beach Pad in Cabarete, Dominican Republic. situated on the northern coast, Cabarete is known for its beautiful, natural beaches and world class wind kite surfing.
Cabarete offer... 詳細...
Hostelworld モバイルアプリ
Hostelworld モバイル用アプリで外出中でも予約可能です。


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View of Devils Peak from view point near the Upper Cable Station on Table Mountain - on a windy and cloudy day (got sirened off the mountain for safety reasons)
~my FaceBook link~
Beautiful !!
Like & Fav
Best regards, Don Z.
Glad you liked your virtual visit! :-D ~Githa~
Beautiful landscape. Greetings and thanks Mata Hary
Thanks Mata Hary :-) ... beautiful indeed - Table Mountain was inaugurated as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World this past Sunday - we're all very proud of our Table Mountain! Greetings from South Africa ~Githa~
Stupendo paesaggio Githa! lk2+F2. Ciao! Gianfranco
Thank You :-D G
Its beautiful,
Greeting from India,Rajeev.
:-) thanks for looking and for your supportive feedback Rajeev G
Photo taken in Table Mountain (Nature Reserve), Cape Town, South Africa