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Author Affiliations: Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto (Mr Smith and Dr Taddio); Departments of Child Health Evaluative Sciences and Pharmacy (Mr Smith and Dr Taddio), and Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Dr Goldman), The Hospital for Sick Children; and Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital (Dr Shah), Toronto, Ontario. Dr Goldman is now with the Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
To explore physiological and anxiety responses of caregivers who witness a venipuncture being performed on their child and the effects of caregivers' responses on child pain and distress.
Observational study between March 13, 2006, and June 8, 2006.
Tertiary-level pediatric emergency department in Toronto, Ontario.
Fifty-five caregivers of children aged 1 month to 18 years.
Main Exposure
Observing a child receive an intravenous cannulation.
Outcome Measures
The caregiver's heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety (measured using a 10-cm visual analogue scale). Child-caregiver interactions were measured using the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale–Short Form (child age, ≥2 years) or the Measure of Adult and Infant Soothing and Distress (child age, <2 years). Child pain was measured using the Faces Pain Scale–Revised.
During cannulation, there was a significant increase in a caregiver's heart rate (median maximum difference = 12 beats per minute; P<.001) and anxiety (median difference = 2.65 cm; P<.001). Mean arterial pressure decreased after cannulation (median difference = 4.4 mm Hg; P = .004). Backward linear regression revealed that 34% of the variability in child cannulation pain was predicted by caregiver anxiety and caregiver distress-promoting behavior; 31% of the variability in a child's distress during cannulation was predicted by caregiver distress-promoting behavior. Caregiver heart rate and anxiety during cannulation and caregiver distress-promoting behavior during recovery accounted for 51% of the variability in the child's distress during recovery.
Caregivers witnessing an intravenous cannulation in their child had elevated heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety. These responses predicted child pain and distress. Future studies should evaluate interventions designed to decrease distress responses in caregivers.
Children in the emergency department (ED) routinely undergo painful procedures as part of their medical treatment. Although a lot of attention has been paid to minimizing pain and stress in children undergoing procedures using pharmacological1 and nonpharmacological strategies,2 there is a lack of information on the impact of witnessing pain by their caregivers. Caregivers are frequently present during painful routine procedures.3 In general, they believe that their presence during procedures is wanted and helpful to their child. However, certain parental behaviors can raise a child's distress during medical procedures. These behaviors, termed distress-promoting behaviors, include providing reassurance during the procedure and giving criticism, apologies, empathy, and control to the child.4- 6
In addition, caregivers can experience anxiety and stress when witnessing their children undergo painful medical procedures. Previous studies have shown that adults involved in relationships respond to their partner's pain with similar patterns of brain activation as the partner undergoing pain.7 It is likely that caregivers would experience similar, if not heightened, responses to witnessing their children's pain in the ED and that they may transfer these feelings to their child.8,9
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether physiological indices of stress (heart rate and blood pressure) and anxiety were increased in the caregivers of children undergoing intravenous (IV) cannulation in the ED. The secondary objectives were to identify situational factors that predict caregiver responses as well as to determine which caregiver responses predict child pain during cannulation and child distress during both cannulation and recovery.
This study was approved by the research ethics boards of The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto. Informed consent and assent (for children aged >7 years) were obtained for caregivers and children, respectively. Eligible participants were caregivers of children who required an IV cannulation while in the ED. Patients were only excluded if an IV was urgently ordered by the physician and there was insufficient time to enroll the patient in the study.
Immediately prior to IV cannulation, an oxygen saturation monitor (3900/P Oximeter; Datex-Ohmeda, Louisville, Colo) was applied to the caregiver's right index finger and a blood pressure cuff (HEM-705CP blood pressure monitor; OMRON Healthcare Inc, Vernon Hills, Ill) was attached to his or her left arm. Caregivers were told to interact with their child in the manner they normally would. The IV cannulation procedure was divided into 3 phases for the purposes of observation: baseline (approximately 3 minutes before cannulation), procedure (cannulation), and recovery (beginning with the taping down of the cannula to the skin or withdrawal of the cannula following an unsuccessful attempt).
Immediately before the procedure, a baseline blood pressure reading was taken and the caregivers were asked to rate their anxiety using a 10-cm unmarked visual analog scale where one end of the scale indicates no anxiety and the other indicates the most anxiety possible.10 This scale has been used previously and has shown to be reliable and valid.11 Caregivers were also asked to rate their child's baseline level of pain using the Faces Pain Scale–Revised.12 The Faces Pain Scale–Revised contains 6 faces depicting increasing pain with scores ranging from 0 to 10. This measure is well validated and has been used effectively in other studies in the ED setting.13 Thirty seconds following commencement of the IV cannulation (ie, after needle puncture), another blood pressure reading was taken and caregivers were asked to rate both their current level of anxiety (visual analog scale) and their child's pain (Faces Pain Scale–Revised). Thirty seconds after the procedure was completed or aborted (if unsuccessful), a final blood pressure reading was taken (ie, recovery phase). The caregiver's heart rate was monitored continuously throughout the procedure (Table 1).
The children were videotaped for the entire procedure by a video camera mounted on a tripod and placed at the end of the patient bed. In this way, the camera recorded all vocalizations or comforting measures by the caregiver throughout the procedure. From the videotapes, child-adult interactions were assessed using the Measure of Adult and Infant Soothing and Distress (for children aged <2 years)14 and the Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale–Short Form (for children aged ≥2 years).15 Child distress behaviors and adult distress-promoting behaviors were coded by the presence or absence of specific behaviors shown to be associated with child distress in 5-second intervals, according to well-established methods.14,15 Caregiver distress-promoting behaviors included reassuring comments, showing empathy, and giving physical comfort and apologies. As specified by Blount et al,16 these behaviors focus children's attention on the procedure and their own distress reactions. These behaviors may also be a signal to the child that the caregiver is anxious and knows something bad is about to happen to the child.17 Child distress behaviors included crying, flailing, making negative emotive statements, and expressing pain verbally. Caregiver coping-promoting and child coping behaviors were also coded. These behaviors included making jokes, engaging in distraction, and nonprocedural talk or behavior.14,15 The proportion of distress behaviors and distress-promoting behaviors out of the total number of behaviors was calculated for part of each phase as follows: the first 3 minutes of baseline, the first 2 minutes after puncture of the skin, and the last 2 minutes of the recovery period. Neutral behaviors, such as the caregiver talking to the nursing staff, were not coded.
In addition, caregivers completed the parents' opinions section of the Emotionality, Activity, and Shyness Temperament Survey for Children.18 This temperament questionnaire is designed to gauge the child's normal behavior tendency. Caregiver level of rest was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale where 5 indicated no sleep at all and 1 indicated best sleep possible. Caregivers were asked about their previous experiences with IV cannulation pain using an unmarked 10-cm visual analog scale where one end of the scale indicates no pain at all and the other indicates the most pain possible. Demographic information obtained from medical records included the child's age, sex, and severity of illness. Severity of illness was rated by the triage nurse according to the following categories (from most to least ill): V, requiring resuscitation; IV, emergent; III, urgent; II, semiurgent; and I, nonurgent.
Caregiver heart rate (median baseline to maximum recorded), caregiver anxiety, and mean arterial pressure (calculated as [(2 × diastolic blood pressure) + systolic blood pressure] ÷ 3) were compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Caregiver responses were correlated with the following situational factors: child sex, child age, illness severity, child emotionality, number of ED visits (of both child and caregiver), caregiver sex, caregiver age, caregiver level of rest, number of children, level of education, and the caregiver's previous experience with pain, using the Spearman ρ or φ coefficient, as appropriate. Factors significantly correlated with caregiver responses were entered into a backward linear regression to predict caregiver responses during cannulation, where P≥.10 was used as the cutoff value for removal of individual variables in the model. In addition, caregiver responses were correlated with children's distress and pain using the Spearman rank correlation (ρ). Backward linear regression was similarly used to identify caregiver responses that were predictive of child pain during cannulation and child distress during both cannulation and recovery. All analyses were performed using statistical software (SPSS, version 14.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill).
The study was conducted between March 13, 2006, and June 8, 2006. In total, 78 caregivers were approached for participation and 55 consented to the study. Reasons for declining to participate included caregivers feeling too stressed (n = 7), not wanting to be videotaped (n = 6), the child refusing (n = 3), and the caregiver being unable to speak English (n = 1). Six caregivers did not give reasons for declining to participate. No differences were found between those who consented or refused with respect to sex (P = .09) or age (P = .55) of the child. There was also no difference with respect to the severity of illness or whether the child was eventually admitted to the hospital (P = .63 and P = .08, respectively). Demographic characteristics of participating children and their caregivers are presented in Table 2.
During cannulation, there was a significant increase in the caregivers' heart rate (median maximum difference = 12 beats per minute; P<.001) and anxiety (median difference = 2.65 cm; P<.001). Caregiver mean arterial pressure was significantly elevated during cannulation as compared with recovery (median difference = 4.4 mm Hg; P = .004) (Table 3).
Backward linear regression revealed that 22% of the variability in caregiver anxiety during cannulation was predicted by caregiver level of rest (β = 0.7; P = .01) and previous experience with IV pain (β = 0.3; P = .004). Eighteen percent of the variability in a caregiver's heart rate during the procedure was predicted by the caregiver's age (β = −1.3; P = .001), and 10% of the variability in caregiver distress-promoting behaviors during the cannulation was predicted by illness severity (β = 0.2; P = .03). Regression analysis did not reveal any factors significantly associated with mean arterial pressure changes in caregivers during cannulation.
Backward linear regression revealed that 34% of the variability in a child's pain during cannulation was predicted by caregiver anxiety (β = 0.4; P = .002) and caregiver distress-promoting behaviors (β = 2.9; P = .007); 31% of the variability in child's distress during cannulation was predicted by caregiver distress-promoting behavior during cannulation (β = 0.6; P<.001). Caregiver heart rate (β = 0.003; P = .07) and anxiety (β = 0.03; P = .09) during cannulation and caregiver distress-promoting behavior (β = 0.62; P<.001) during recovery accounted for 51% of the variability in the child's distress during recovery.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate caregivers' distress responses during IV cannulation in their children in the ED. We demonstrated that heart rate and anxiety increased in caregivers who witnessed their child undergo IV cannulation and that blood pressure was elevated until after the procedure was completed. Furthermore, caregiver responses were predictive of distress and pain responses in the child. The implication of our findings is that painful procedures performed on children in the ED can have a negative impact on caregivers who, in turn, may negatively impact their child. Thus, implementing interventions aimed at reducing stress is important for caregivers as well as children in this setting.
Alterations in physiologic indicators of stress in caregivers who are present during their children's medical procedures have also been observed in previous studies. Kain et al19 found that caregivers' heart rates increased significantly during induction of anesthesia in their children. Similarly, a significant increase in systolic blood pressure occurred. In addition, Parkinson et al20 reported elevated anxiety in parents of febrile children in the ED. It is important to note that in the present study, mean arterial pressure during the baseline and cannulation phases was higher than in the recovery phase. We hypothesize that the blood pressure reading we obtained at baseline was not a true baseline blood pressure, but rather that it was already elevated because of the nature of the situation, which included illness in a child and an ED setting.19 Observed increases in anxiety and caregiver heart rate in the present study may also be conservative estimates of the true differences, as these could have been elevated during the baseline phase as well.
Our study demonstrated relationships between caregiver anxiety, heart rate, distress-promoting behavior, and child pain and distress. This finding is consistent with previous literature that demonstrates an association between parent behaviors and child pain and distress during painful procedures.2,14- 16 In the present study, child pain during cannulation was predicted by caregiver anxiety and distress-promoting behaviors. Similarly, child distress during cannulation was predicted by caregivers' distress-promoting behaviors. During the recovery phase, child distress was predicted by caregiver anxiety and heart rate during cannulation and caregiver distress-promoting behaviors during recovery. We hypothesize that caregiver anxiety and heart rate changes are predictors of child distress and that they act in a positive feedback loop. This loop begins with the presence of child illness, which leads to caregiver anxiety, elevation of physiological indices of stress, and distress-promoting behaviors. These behaviors increase child pain and distress, which then act to further increase caregiver anxiety, physiological responses, and distress-promoting behaviors, thus repeating the cycle. Whether physiologic changes precede or follow either anxiety or distress-promoting responses, however, has yet to be determined. Sequential analysis may be one method that could tease out these associations.4
Our study found that caregiver age was predictive of heart rate changes. Younger caregivers had greater changes in heart rate compared with older caregivers. It is possible that younger caregivers are more naive about their child's conditions or worried about acute painful procedures in general from lack of experience. Furthermore, child illness predicted caregiver distress-promoting behaviors during cannulation; the sicker the child, the higher the proportion of distress-promoting behaviors was. Unsurprisingly, caregivers' anxiety was predicted by their level of rest and their own past experience with IV pain. Caregivers with higher pain during their own IV cannulations and with less rest at the time of the study reported more anxiety.
It is clear from our study that analgesic methods should be implemented to reduce stress responses in caregivers as well as children whenever possible. This is particularly important in the ED, where there is a high level of stress that is innate to this medical setting. To date, both pharmacologic and psychological interventions have been shown to reduce child and caregiver distress during painful medical procedures.21,22 In a recent study, application of a topical local anesthetic prior to IV cannulation not only reduced child pain but also increased cannulation success rate and reduced the overall procedure time.13 Moreover, educational booklets promoting parental use of distraction and relaxation techniques in children during painful medical procedures are available, and parents can be coached to use these techniques.23- 25
There are several limitations to our study. First, the use of topical anesthetics was not controlled for in the design and 13 children (24%) received them prior to the procedure. It is possible that the concomitant use of topical local anesthesia had an effect on caregiver responses, but too few children received analgesics to be able to demonstrate any significant difference between the responses of caregivers of children who received them and those who did not. Second, the presence of a child life specialist could have altered the caregivers' responses. Typically, child life specialists are used by nursing staff when nurses anticipate that the IV cannulation will be difficult. The child life specialist's role is to distract and play with the child during the procedure. The effect of the presence of a child life specialist could not be determined as it only occurred in 5 of the procedures. Third, the caregiver's position during the procedure could have affected the physiologic responses. However, this is unlikely, as caregivers maintained their position during the duration of the procedure (ie, caregivers who preferred to stand were instructed to remain standing, and those who preferred to sit remained seated). We did not find any significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate according to caregiver position. It is important to note, however, that caregiver position may have been confounded with child age, as more caregivers with younger children chose to stand compared with caregivers of older children (P = .01). In addition, our data are limited to the first cannulation attempt. It is likely that physiologic responses and anxiety are further elevated in caregivers of children who undergo repeated cannulation attempts. Finally, our data are limited to the caregiver who consented to being monitored. In most cases, both parents were present, and it is possible that the more distressed parent was not monitored.
Caregivers' heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety were affected by witnessing their child undergo IV cannulation in the ED, and these responses were predictive of child distress and pain. Analgesic interventions in the ED should involve caregivers and children.
Correspondence: Anna Taddio, BScPhm, MSc, PhD, Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8 (email@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: January 17, 2007.
Author Contributions: Mr Smith had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Smith, Shah, Goldman, and Taddio. Acquisition of data: Smith. Analysis and interpretation of data: Smith, Shah, and Taddio. Drafting of the manuscript: Smith and Taddio. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Smith, Shah, Goldman, and Taddio. Statistical analysis: Smith and Taddio. Obtained funding: Taddio. Administrative, technical, and material support: Taddio. Study supervision: Taddio.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Funding/Support: Dr Taddio is supported by a New Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Mr Smith is supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship and a graduate studentship from The Hospital for Sick Children's Research Training Competition.
Acknowledgment: We sincerely thank the nursing staff in the emergency department at The Hospital for Sick Children.
This article was corrected for typographical errors on 6/4/2007.
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Waterford Township authority to meet tonight
The Waterford Township Water and Sewer Authority, which was stripped of much of its power by a vote of township supervisors Monday, will hold a special meeting at 7 p.m. today at the township municipal building, 12451 Circuit Road.
Supervisors on Monday voted 2 to 1 in support of a resolution that said the authority had no power to reject a developer's agreement to build a 7,000-foot water and sewer line extension project to serve the former Troyer Farms chip plant, now owned by Minnesota-based Barrel O' Fun East.
Supervisor Flory Kondzielski, who voted against the resolution Monday, said he planned to attend tonight's meeting but didn't know what might be accomplished in light of Monday's vote.
The measure passed Monday claims that the authority was intended to be a financing body and its members do not have operational authority.

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Iowa coaches were monitoring the social network page of a recruit when some content there caused concerned. The proverbial red flag was raised.
Kirk Ferentz followed up with the athlete. The Hawkeye head man was gauging if the words truly represented the young man.
"I had a private conversation with the prospect about it and asked him to maybe consider taking that off his site," Ferentz said. "Then the question that would probably get asked is, 'Would your mom be OK if she looked at that? How would she feel about that?' And it frightened me a little bit when the prospect informed me that his mom was OK with it.
"So that was a little bit of a scary moment, so we did make a decision to probably go in a different direction. It was a mutual decision that it probably wasn't going to be a great marriage. That's frightening."
Ferentz said he and his assistants discuss social media frequently. These networks prevail in society and are part of college football's fabric.
Recruits communicate with coaches through Facebook and Twitter as much or more than they do by phone call or text messages these days. Most of the Iowa staff is on both networks with the exception of Ferentz, his coordinators, Greg Davis and Phil Parker, and defensive line coach, Reese Morgan.
Five current Big Ten head coaches (Pat Fitzgerald, Bo Pelini, Mark Dantonio, Kevin Wilson and Tim Beckman) are on Twitter. Incoming conference members, Rutgers (Kyle Flood) and Maryland (Randy Edsall), have their main men on there.
Michigan State's Dantonio uses his Twitter account for recruiting.
"If I get to the point where I absolutely deem it necessary to Facebook or Twitter or tweet, whatever the proper term is, then I guess I'll do it," Ferentz said. "But right now, I think we have enough guys covering ground on it and I understand that's a big part of the world we live in."
In addition to direct messaging recruits, Iowa assistants use their social media accounts to promote the program. Strength and conditioning Coach Chris Doyle shares inspirational quotes and ideas.
Facebook and Twitter often are associated with the younger generation. Some coaches break through the age gap.
"Believe it or not, we're not all dinosaurs," said Ferentz, who turns 58 on Thursday. "Jim Reid (62) is a phenom on social media. Jim also understands you can't coach if you can't recruit and the way to get to recruits is through Facebook and all that stuff.
"I'm not surprised because Jim wants to be the best coach he can be and realizes that's a part of."
While the Iowa coaches utilize Twitter to monitor and reach out to prospects, once a player arrives at Iowa, if he has an account, it must go dark until he leaves the program. It's a rule in which Ferentz believes very strongly.
The Iowa coach points to a recent court case that stirred the country's emotions. People from all over the world, including professional athletes, reacted impulsively on Twitter.
"I'm not passing judgment on it, yay or nay, but predictably, a day later they wanted to retract their statements," Ferentz said. "Whatever you put out there is out there> It's part of your DNA. So, that's my concern.
"There are countless examples of people that are older and more experienced than college athletes or college students that have regretted what they said. I don't see the upside to having guys out there and vulnerable to that, knowing they could do numerous other things."
Ferentz said he doesn't talk about his Twitter ban with recruits. He's not worried about it costing the Hawkeyes a prospect.
"If that's the most important thing to them in a college selection, then they probably don't fit well with us anyway, so that's OK," Ferentz said.
When recruits verbally commit to a college, they often connect with each other through social networks. Relationships are built before they ever meet in person.
As much as Iowa's head coach wants to keep up with the Jones', he believes strongly that bonds created through social networks need to be supplemented with in-person human contact.
"Once guys get in our program, I still want to encourage them when they're in our building to look at each other and talk to each other," Ferentz said. "Communicate with each other. Do the same thing in the dining hall.
"I guess that's the healthy thing to do and I encourage them to do it with their friends and their girlfriends occasionally, too. You know, look them in the eye and actually talk. I think some of that old-fashioned stuff is still good, just like blocking and tackling still works in football. It'll never change."


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OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents
OSHA News Release – Region 7
U.S. Department of Labor
Region 7 News Release: OSHA/ 05-1435-KAN
Tuesday, August 2, 2005
Contact: Richard Kulczewski
Phone: (303) 844-1302
Proposed Penalties Total More Than $400,000
KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has cited AmeriCast Technologies Inc. of Atchison, Kan., for 59 alleged serious, repeat, and other-than-serious safety and health violations, following targeted health and safety inspections of the foundry castings producer in February. Proposed penalties total $401,600.
AmeriCast Technologies Inc. does business as ASCM and has 1,100 employees company-wide with 600 at the Atchison facility. The inspections were conducted as part of OSHA's "Site Specific Targeting" plan that targets workplaces reporting high rates of injuries and illnesses.
"OSHA's goal is to ensure that workplace injury and illness rates continue to decline," said Charles E. Adkins, CIH, OSHA's regional administrator in Kansas City. "This significant penalty demonstrates OSHA's commitment to assure compliance with job safety and health standards."
The safety inspection resulted in citations for 20 repeat and 18 serious alleged violations with a total proposed penalty of $285,700. The health inspection led to citations for nine repeat, eight serious, and four other-than-serious alleged violations and carried an $115,900 total proposed penalty.
Alleged serious safety violations included deficient standard guardrail height; lack of emergency exits; no testing for electrical protective equipment; lack of powered industrial truck operator training; unguarded rotating fan blades and saw blades; insufficient personal protective equipment for workers near welding operations; ungrounded electrical equipment; and flexible cords not protected from accidental damage. Additionally, serious health violations included lack of training programs for hearing conservation and hazard communication, no respiratory program, and improper storage of combustible waste material.
The total of 29 repeat violations included fall protection, ladders or scaffolding; lockout/tagout; machine guarding; incorrect welding cable splices; absence of electrical disconnect labeling; and extension cords being used in lieu of permanent wiring. Over-exposure to crystalline silica, slip hazards, and lack of eye wash facilities also were included in the repeat violations. Other-than-serious violations were in the categories of recordkeeping, noise monitoring programs and improper storage of LP tanks.
OSHA issues a repeat citation when an employer is cited for a hazard for which it has been cited in the past. Serious violations are those in which there is substantial probability of death or serious physical harm from hazards about which the employer knew or should have known.
Within 15 working days from receipt of the citations the company must opt to comply with them, request and participate in an informal conference with the OSHA area director, or contest them before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.
U.S. Labor Department (DOL) releases are accessible on the Internet at http://www.dol.gov. The information in this news release will be made available in alternate format upon request (large print, Braille, audio tape or disc) from the COAST office. Please specify which news release when placing your request. Call (202) 693-7765 or TTY (202) 693-7755. DOL is committed to providing America's employers and employees with easy access to understandable information on how to comply with its laws and regulations. For more information, please visit www.dol.gov/compliance.
|OSHA News Release - (Archived) Table of Contents


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We're celebrating the 50-year anniversary of the 1966 FIFA World Cup™ with a Facebook contest!
Nestor Mulsera, Sebastian Viera, Juan Castillo and Fabian Carini all played in goal for Uruguay during qualifying. Who will be first-choice in South Africa?


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SAN DIEGO - A man accused of fatally stabbing his former landlord in Encinitas was committed to a state mental hospital after a judge ruled Wednesday that he is incompetent to stand trial.
The mental state of Brandon Taylor Lee, 25, has regressed to the point that he needs to go to Patton State Hospital for a second time, Judge Kerry Wells said.
Lee is charged with murdering Robert Duane Mason, who was found dead Oct. 15, 2005, in his Pegaso Street home. Mason was stabbed 35 times and slashed 16 times, according to the doctor who performed the autopsy.
Lee was treated at Patton hospital for schizophrenia and psychosis and returned to San Diego County to face criminal proceedings last year.
Defense lawyer Sloan Ostbye said Lee has since stopped taking his medication and became less willing to meet with her. She said she hasn't been able to speak with him for several months.
Prosecutor Christine Israel did not contest the mental incompetence decision.


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|Home Decor
Quilter, Blogger, Designer, Sewist. I love pattern writing and skill building with others. I blog at: http://createinthesticks.blogspot.com/View all patterns by designer (14) »
The decade of the 1960s was the inspiration. Bright colors swirl into a pixelated tie dye. It's a rainbow swirl.
I offer this pattern at no cost. I just ask for you to please share pictures of your quilt and your work in progress. I want to see "Peace and Harmony" all over the world.


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The Unlikely Cause Behind Florida's Bee Holocaust: The U.S. Government
On a gray October day in 2011, a disheveled man in a camouflage baseball cap plunged his hands into the mounds of dead bees, pulling free a handful of the corpses. "I'm a pretty tough guy, but this is heart wrenching," he said from his Brevard County bee farm. "We work really hard on these bees to keep them in good health."
But is everyone working as hard? In 2011, nearly 12 million bees died in Brevard County during a baffling holocaust. Headlines screamed that no one knew why they were dying. And have kept dying: Florida bee keeper Bill Rhodes loses as much as 80 percent of his population every year.
But now, according to a rash of lawsuits across the country, a new explanation for the cause of Colony Collapse Disorder, which has wiped out millions of bees, has emerged: It's the U.S. government's fault. The EPA has long known that certain pesticides kill bees, the lawsuits allege, and has done nothing.
As early as spring of last year, longtime Florida bee scholars like David Hackenberg were warning that a new class of pesticides called neonicotinoids were behind the budding bee extinction. The journal Science published several scathing articles detailing the catastrophic and puzzling effects it may have on bees: Bees weren't just dying -- but abandoning the crop altogether. In July of this year, yet another study emerged in the science journal Plos One.
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Researchers pinned it on the Neonicotinoids, called "systemics," which are introduced into the seed and remain inside the crop forever. The most important one, which is heavily subsidized and used by corn crops across 90 million acres in the country, is called Clothiandin.
The EPA, according to a 2012 Tampa Bay Times article, was hot to investigate the relationship between the pesticide and the death of bees.
Nearly two years later, and the EPA is still green-lighting the controversial pesticides, even after the European Union banned them for their effect on bees, as Quartz illustrates.
A federal lawsuit filed in the Northern District of California asks federal judges to overturn the EPA approval of the neonicotoniods, calling the EPA "well aware" that recent studies have shown "the risks to honey bees, pollinators, and other sensitive species."
Another suit filed in U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals claims the EPA "inadequately considered or ignored entirely" the harmful effects of certain pesticides on bee populations.
If you know more, send your story tip to author, Terrence McCoy.
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Ok, I love this item. I am glad I purchased them (I bought two sets.) I had to lightly spray paint a dark brown over them to get the ''bronzy'' look that I wanted, but they turned out perfect. But caution! The item does not come with the hardware to hang them (at least none came with mine) and it took me about 3 hours by myself to hang both sets. I would recommend purchasing short screws for this. This item is very difficult to hang due to the location of he holes. If it did not have this issue, I would have given the item a 5. It made all the difference to make were I placed them elegant looking.
I bought these brackets to go in the corners of a doorway between my dining area and living room unfortunately the corners are not square and therefore the right side looked horrible. They either had a gap on the wall or the ceiling. Pass by this product. They are now setting in my workshop totally useless.
I absolutely love the way this looks in my entry way!
I love them, they are already up and look great. Thanks so much for showing such great things.
As long as you're not to close or don't get to feel the decoration, they look very nice. I have them up high, and they add a very nice touch. As others have noted, these are designed to be looked at from only one side, but they are not bad from the other side either.
I do like them although I believe they should be painted on both sides rather than on just one side. It would also be very helpful if screws would have been included.
It's beautiful! I've been watching it for a long time. When I saw it go on sale, I couldn't resist!
no hatrdware to secure brackets go figure
The corner brackets are great just what I wanted however there were no screws included with it. We had to go out to buy them to install. I would think all necessary items would have been included.
These brackets are nice if you don't look too closely. They are not finished on both sides nor do they come with matching screws. The only thing that makes it a little bearable is the fact that they were on sale. Overall, I think they are a bit pricey for the quality.
Had to return because view wasn't the same from both sides
These are great, used them as the picture shows in our new house....they turned out so nice we ordered another set and did the other opening the same way , everyone loved how they turned out....
These were nice enough, but did not come with screws or nails!!??
They classed up a boring mirror.
beautiful - the screws should have been included.


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Course Offerings: 2016-17
EN 600: Research Methods, Theory, and Professionalization
Day/Time: Wed. 7:00 - 9:50
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
EN600 is a team-taught course that introduces students to bibliographic and research methods, theoretical models, and professional skills and issues related to English and Film Studies. The course is required for all MA students, and attendance is compulsory.
Note: The student's performance in the course will be graded as either "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory." Failure to complete EN600 or to obtain a grade of "satisfactory" may result in suspension from the MA Program. A student's final grade for the course will not be assigned as "satisfactory" until a grade of "satisfactory" has been obtained in all of the sessions.
EN604: The Victorian Novel - 1848-1860
Dr. Lynn Shakinovsky
Day/Time: Thurs. 9:30-12:20
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
This course investigates selected major Victorian novels of the 1850s. As one of only two countries to evade the revolutionary wave that swept Europe, and having survived the Chartist disruptions of the 1840s, the England of the 1850s appears to be characterised by placidity, calm, and widespread social consensus. However, while the novels of the period may indeed represent the multiple ways in which mid-Victorian culture successfully resists disquietude, disturbance, and change, they also draw on tension, much of it suppressed. Through close analysis of the primary texts, as well an investigation of the economic, historiographical, and historical background of the period, this course will explore topics such mid-nineteenth century ideas of nation; domesticity; sexuality; cosmopolitanism; shifting imperial relations; migration, emigration, and immigration.
EN692s: Memory and Affect in Film and Fiction
Dr. Russell Kilbourn
Lecture: Mon. 9:30-12:20 / 3-105 Woods Bldg.
Screening: Mon. 7:00-9:50 / 3-105 Woods Bldg.
By comparing the representation of memory in film and prose fiction (e.g. through such narrative devices as the flashback), this course examines the problem of identity at the nexus of memory studies, affect theory, and abiding questions of representation. Specific identities, individual and collective, are produced, on the one hand, cinematically, in the modernist art film (in contrast to classical film narrative), and, on the other, literarily, in the 20th-century novel and short story. We focus on the convergence in film and literature of the subjective levelthe representation of an individuals perception of time, the structural and thematic role of desire, and an embodied affectivitywith the objective level of realism, whether literary or cinematic. Through a combination of formal-stylistic analysis and close attention to intertextual and intermedial relations, we will compare a selection of films and literary works within the specific medial contexts of film and prose fiction in their respective capacities to capture subjective interiority reflecting upon the past and its affective relation thereto. The goal is to better illuminate the elaboration through memory and history alike of modern, postmodern and now post-representational notions of personal and social identity within the (largely visually determined) subjective and objective spaces of late modernity. We therefore examine a key selection of novels and films in order to distinguish between the literary and cinematic media in their respective privileging and linking of narrative and visuality. The radical differences between literary and cinematic narration are as important therefore as their all-too-apparent similarities and points of contact.
EN692w: Fantasy, the Fantastic, and the Modern Social Imagination
Dr. Ken Paradis
Lecture: Thurs. 1:30-5:20
Location: 4-106 Woods Bldg.
Over the past several hundred years story forms have struggled to keep up with shifting ideas about where reality (increasingly seen confined to the human experience of the material world accessible to the senses and their prosthetics) ends, and where something else the intuited realm of the supernatural engaged by superstition and revealed in religion begins, and how these two realms interact. This sense of reality that coalesced in the modern period (and arguably eroded in the past half-century) was articulated, fictively, using realist narrative, but the other realm became the province of the imagination, mappable with narrative conventions that provided moderns not only with ways of articulating and indulging their extra-materialist intuitions, but also of imagining other ways of being and enabling speculative reflection on what often seemed the immutable social order built into reality.
In the course, well explore how fantasy in the modern period as well as variant forms such as the fantastic or magic realism has often been theorized in the context of extensions of the imaginative resources of a given culture at a given time, a narrative form that allows cultures to imaginatively work out the implications and possibilities of their desires and fears about their world. Well look at some of the stories that have defined the mode, and well read some of the critics that give us insight into how it enables particular kinds of social reflection..
EN 692y: South Asian Canadian Literature
Dr. Mariam Pirbhai
Day/Time: T 9:30-12:20
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
In 1985, award-winning novelist M.G. Vassanji released A Meeting of Streams: South Asian Canadian Literature, the first study devoted to Canadian writers of South Asian origin (e.g., writers from the Indian subcontinent and its diasporas). Arguing that this body of writing "does not become less Canadian because it is global," Vassanji's collection ushered in an important new perspective in Canadian literary studies. Since the 1980s, South Asian Canadian literature has continued to develop at the productive intersection between diasporic, national and global frameworks, and in light of the "hundred-year history" of South Asian migration and settlement in Canada. As an introduction to South Asian Canadian literature as a field in its own right, this course will showcase a range of established and emergent South Asian Canadian authors, playwrights and poets, such as Anita Rau Badami, Ravi Jain, Shani Mootoo, Michael Ondaatje, Shyam Selvadurai, and Padma Viswanathan. While tracing some of the major preoccupations and innovations of South Asian Canadian literaturesuch as Canadian metropolitan and urban narratives, the poetics and politics of memorialization and national redress, experimental dramatic forms, or gendered, religious and queer minority identitiesthis course invariably looks to South Asian Canadian texts and contexts to address the limits of multiculturalist, diasporic, transnational and postcolonial theories and reading practices.
EN692k: Digital Cinema
Dr. Sandra Annett
Lecture: Mon. 8:30-11:20 / 3-103 Woods Bldg.
Screening: Mon. 7:00-9:50 / 3-105 Woods Bldg.
At the intersection of film and new media studies, digital cinema poses a unique challenge for both theoretical and practical understandings of film. If classical film theory positioned film as an indexical medium that penetrates deeply into the web of reality (as per Walter Benjamin) or acts as the asymptote of reality (as per Andre Bazin), films created since the 1980s using digital imaging, editing or distribution technologies force us to confront a different set of questions. To what degree does the seamless compositing of digital images alter our perceptions of what is real and what is illusion? Are digitally-created moving images necessarily manipulative, or can self-reflexive uses of digital technologies reveal the processes of image production itself?
More practically, who can be considered the author or owner of an original film text when digital images may be easily altered by the director, distributors, and film fans themselves? What is to become of the actors craft in the era of computer-generated characters and motion capture? How does digital cinema redraw the boundaries between the avant-garde director and the amateur filmmaker, the art-house audience and the media activist?
This course provides a solid basis for addressing key theoretical and practical questions raised by digital cinema. It explores major critical writings on cinema and digitality, such as the works of Gilles Deleuze and Lev Manovich, as well as film and media texts that provide a comprehensive body of work for comparison, from Tron (1982) to Chronicle (2012). Moving from the historical precursors and early examples of digital cinema to cutting-edge contemporary forms of Computer Generated Imaging and motion-capture technology, this class provides you with an advanced-level introduction to digital cinema.
EN692q: Youth, Canadian Fiction, and the National Imaginary
Dr. Katherine Bell
Day/Time: Tues. 9:30-12:20
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
This course offers a critical genealogy of youth; we will study how youth identity is shaped by historical context and we will explore the governing scripts for youth subjectivity in Canadian literature from the end of the 19th century to the present. We will analyze juvenile, YA and adult literature alongside a social history of Canadian youth, and we will draw on feminist, structural, and aesthetic theories of bildung to help us consider how the traits and developmental trajectories of our literary protagonists have been conceptualized in relation to the development of the nation. This relation between youth and the larger body politic is fraught with tension; we will consider the ethical stakes involved in portraying youth as the symbolic concentrate for modernity, and how both literary youth and their 'real' counterparts handle the sturm und drang of societal expectations and ideals. Considerations of race, region, class and sexuality will expand our understanding of the various roles youth have played, and continue to play, in the country's national imaginary.
EN692r: Canadian Literary Ecologies
Dr. Jenny Kerber
Day/Time: Thurs. 9:30-12:20
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
This course will consider some of the ways that recent Canadian writing engages with questions of nature, moving beyond traditional themes of wilderness, the garrison, or survival to reflect more overtly environmentalist concerns related to phenomena such as pollution, extinction, and climate change. By reading works of fiction, nonfiction, drama, and poetry, and by incorporating insights from interdisciplinary work in history, geography, Indigenous studies, and environmental cultural studies, our discussions will tackle many of the following issues: the relationship between resource-based communities and larger global structures; the structural connections linking human domination and ecological degradation; the challenges of preserving, representing, and transmitting traditional ecological knowledge; the portrayal of human-animal interaction in light of habitat pressures and the erosion of the species barrier; the tension between national literatures and transnational environmental problems; and the potential benefits of bringing an environmental perspective to bear on the legacies of colonialism and neo-colonialism. We will also bring questions of language and form to our readings, considering how language becomes a field of ecological relations and the literary work constitutes an environment that responds to the physical world while also being a world unto itself. Among the writers whose works we will examine are Don McKay, Katherine Govier, Jeannette Armstrong, Marie Clements, Shani Mootoo, Adam Dickinson, and Douglas Coupland.
EN692v: Theoretical Imperialisms - Reading Gender, Queerness, and Sexuality in Caribbean Literature
Instructor: Dr. Kofi Campbell
Day/Time: Wed. 9:30-12:20
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
This course will focus on the literary and cultural constructions of gendered, sexualized, and queer identities in Caribbean Literature. While we will engage heavily with Western feminist and queer theories, part of our task in this course will be to critique the Western biases of those theories, and to rethink them in ways more suited to a postcolonial Caribbean context. Alongside Western theorists such as Judith Butler, Anne McClintock, and Antonio Gramsci, we will read a selection of essays by Caribbean scholars, most notably some of the essays collected by Rhoda Reddock in her three seminal studies: Interrogating Caribbean Masculinity, The Making Of Feminisms in the Caribbean, and Gender and Sexuality and Implications for HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago. We will pay attention not only to how Caribbean societies attempt to construct these groups, but also to their own self-constructions.
EN691z: Women, Writing, and Work in the 19th-Century Novel
Instructor: Dr. Ada Sharpe
Lecture: Fri. 9:30-12:20
Location: 3-105 Woods Bldg.
The nineteenth century has long been associated with the flourishing of domestic romance in British literature and the concurrent rise of the domestic woman, a figure celebrated for her marital and maternal virtues within a theoretical private sphere. Much criticism has entrenched the idea that domestic womanhood as represented in nineteenth-century fiction helped consolidate an ideal of femininity defined by its exclusion from paid labour and public life. Although scholarship has paid attention to the governess in British fiction, typified by Charlotte Brontës Jane Eyre (1847), scholars still tend to overlook working women and the diverse types of work women do in the nineteenth-century novel (as domestic servants, paid companions, painters, musicians, seamstresses, farmers, factory workers, rural labourers).
Invoking a broadened understanding of work that includes unpaid, informal, and domestic forms of labour, this course explores three central questions: What does work mean to the women represented in the novels under study? Individually and collectively, what do these texts contribute to the periods broader discourses on the topic of work and/for women? For a woman writer paid for her work, what does it mean to represent work? Through primary and secondary readings, we will address issues of precarious employment and underemployment, work as calling or vocation, the theoretical erasure of women from the site of work, and the ethic of work as a core feature of the nineteenth-century heroine. Writers under study will include Jane Austen, Anne Brontë, Dinah Mulock Craik, and Elizabeth Gaskell, among others.


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reports that Microsoft will soon deliver the first
service packs of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 seem
likely to be true, judging by a recently leaked version of Windows 7
Service Pack 1.Service packs provide Microsoft with the
opportunity to package together bug fixes and security fixes (which
have typically been previously delivered piece-wise to consumers over
Windows Update). They also provide a place for Microsoft to
deliver new content. As Microsoft's retail releases come less
frequently than those of its chief competitor Apple, Service Packs
are crucial to Microsoft's OSs having a healthy lifecycle.The
recently leaked build has the
id 6.1.7601.16537.amd64fre.win7.100327-0053,
which indicates that it was compiled on March 27 on an AMD 64-bit
processor. The build is easy to find on torrent sites and is a
quick install, but it has not yet been determined whether it contains
fully working versions of Windows 7 SP1's biggest expected
improvements -- USB
3.0 support and refined versions of Bluetooth and
Wi-Fi.Microsoft has sold over 90 millions Windows 7 licenses
to date, making it the fastest selling operating system to date.
Critically acclaimed, the new OS has done much to dispel the
stereotype among some consumers that Microsoft makes ugly,
unresponsive, or buggy operating systems, which some customers have
long insisted to be true. The OS has jumped to over
10 percent market share since its release on October 22,
2009.Windows 7 SP1 is expected to land sometime in September
of this year, with a beta build in June.Microsoft is
reportedly stepping up its development cycle and is currently
building early test builds of the Windows 7 successor, Windows
8. Sources at Microsoft and leaked roadmaps indicate that
the new operating system will be released sometime next year.
Contractors who have worked with the upcoming product have bragged
that it is "revolutionary" and unlike past versions of
quote: Critically acclaimed, the new OS has done much to dispel the stereotype among some consumers that Microsoft makes ugly, unresponsive, or buggy operating systems, which some customers have long insisted to be true.
quote: Windows 7 was a step in the right direction, but I'll wait till MS can lower the footprint on Windows 8 so we run smaller devices like net books on something other then XP
quote: Dont want to report bad news against one of your pet left wing causes?


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KKR earnings08 Feb 2013
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Fourth-quarter profit soars at KKR
KKR on Thursday announced a 49% year-on-year rise in fourth-quarter economic net income, the preferred performance metric of private equity firms, to $337m, saying its buyout portfolio gained 4% during the quarter and 24% for last year, translating into an $8bn bump.
Under generally accepted accounting principles, the giant US alternative asset manager's profit for the final three months of 2012 increased 110% to $96.7m. The New York Stock Exchange-listed firm reported $75.5bn in assets under management as of December 31, as it returned a record $9bn in cash to its limited partners last year and paid out $1.22 a share to stockholders.
Scott Nuttall, chief of KKR's global capital and asset management group, said that the private equity major's prospects for putting money to work in buyouts are improving as a result of global macroeconomic stability and "wide open" credit markets.


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The first-ever UP200 Dryland Dash races will take place on October 15-16 at the Marquette County Fairgrounds. See teams of all sizes pulling wheeled rigs, scooters, bicycles, and people. View and download the poster here. Feel free to print it and share it! Download a Registration Form here.
Our new email newsletter, the Gang-Line, is up and running and the first issues have already been sent. Don't miss out! Use this link to sign up and receive all the race news. The Gang-Line is published quarterly, with special editions as needed. Your email will never be shared.
The UPSDA Board will be switching to Thursday meetings for the next few months. Future meeting dates are: June 9, July 14, August 11, September 8, and October 13. The public is invited to our meetings, which are held at 6pm at the Holiday Inn in Marquette unless posted otherwise.
Former UP200 Race Director Marva Ittner, 72, passed away on Friday, May 6 after a four-year battle with pancreatic cancer. Marva was involved with almost every aspect of the races and she will be dearly missed by her many friends in the mushing world. Our deepest condolences to Marva's family.
Official UP200 Mileage
68 miles from Marquette to Wetmore
57 miles from Wetmore to Grand Marais
The UP200 is one of America's premier 12-dog, mid-distance sled dog races and draws mushers from around the United States and Canada. The first UP200 was run in February, 1990, after two years of planning by sled dog racing enthusiasts. The current race covers approximately 250 miles from Marquette to Grand Marais, with a return to Marquette along the same trail. The terrain includes stretches of near-wilderness, creek crossings, hills and valleys, and heavily forested land. Mushers say this is one of their favorite races, not only because of the challenging race, but because of the beautiful trail, the cheering crowds and warm welcome they receive at every checkpoint along the trail here in the Upper Peninsula.
The UP200 is an Iditarod qualifying race. Registration is limited to 40 teams, and mushers are required to have finished the Midnight Run or other equivalent sixty (60) mile continuous running races within the past three seasons.
Official Midnight Run Mileage
45 miles from Marquette to Chatham
45 miles Chatham to Marquette
Coinciding with the UP200 is the eight-dog Midnight Run. The finish will be in the lower harbor in Marquette on Saturday, February 13, 2016. The Midnight Run, or MNR, draws premier teams wanting to test their skill on a technically challenging trail. MNR mushers will again leave the chute in downtown Marquette at 8:30 pm. The teams will rest the required 5.5 hours in Chatham. Registration is also limited to 40 teams.
Official JackPine30 Mileage
26 miles starting and ending in Gwinn, MI
The JackPine 30 rounds out the weekend's fun with a six-dog, 26-mile trail starting and finishing in Gwinn, Michigan. The JP30 will start at 10:00am on Saturday morning, February 13, 2016 from the parking lot of Larry's Family Food's in Gwinn. From there, it's a race to the finish! The teams are expected back late morning or early afternoon in Gwinn at the First Baptist Church, located on North Billings Street. There will be a purse for the JP30, and many mushers are finding the opportunity to finish in the money very exciting. The public is welcome at the Awards Ceremony, which will be held at the First Baptist Church after the last musher finishes.
The rules for each race are posted here on the website under the Race Info tab, and mushers will also find registration forms and an online payment option through PayPal.
906-362-3785 (Ron Hewson)
Registration Inquiries: 906-869-2640 (Pam Forsberg)
PO Box 15 • Marquette, Michigan
Copyright © 2011 by the Upper Peninsula Sled Dog Association


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Listen to
Unfortunately the SBS Radio Player is unavailable on this device. We apologise for any inconvenience.
Cameron Costello from the Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation says 'Inheriting and rehabilitating country that has been mined is a big responsibility and...
This years and eighth annual Dungala Kaiela Oration called on state and federal governments to align themselves with the priorities of the region to drive better...
Our legendary First Nations Country and Western musician, Troy Cassar-Daley presents his biography and album 'Things I carry around'.
Mr Canning believes there are better ways to treat Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth.
A resource produced by Aboriginal community members based around the Tamworth area is providing valuable stroke prevention information.
Redfern Statement
United, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations demand a just approach to First Peoples' needs
* Please note percentages are rounded to one decimal place.


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Available Colors
Exterior Colors
Blizzard Pearl
Classic Silver Metallic
Clearwater Blue Metallic
Sea Glass Pearl
Super White
Winter Gray Metallic
Interior Colors
Dark Gray
Featured Services for this Toyota Prius Plug-in
- Sell your current car quickly and easily on Cars.com.
- Not sure what auto repair should cost you? Use our price estimator.
- Get help with car repair now on Cars.com. Visit Repair & Care


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Rocky Mount, N.C.— The Teacher Education Program at North Carolina Wesleyan College recently announced the recipient of the first annual Taunja Cox College Scholarship created to assist a student majoring in special education.
Megan McIntyre, a senior who is working toward a double major in elementary education and special education, received this year's award in the amount of $1,500. The selection was based on McIntyre's outstanding academic record and her demonstrated commitment to developmentally disabled students.
The Taunja Cox College Scholarship Foundation was established by Glinda Williams in honor of her disabled daughter, who was diagnosed as developmentally disabled at the tender age of 18 months. Now an adult, Taunja Cox has overcome many challenges to achieve a high level of independence. With strong family support and the guidance of special education curriculum in the Kinston City School System, she persevered to graduate from Kinston High School in 1995.
Since leaving high school, Cox has participated in work programs, volunteered at local day care and Head Start centers, assisted at nursing homes, and attended compensatory education classes at Lenoir Community College. She is a member of the Kinston Civitan Organization and regularly attends Jumping Run Church. Her family is proud of her many accomplishments.
Williams and Cox presented the award to McIntyre during a special program held in the NCWC Teacher Education Resource Room. The agenda included a demonstration of classroom technology, refreshments, and remarks from Carylon Phillips, president of the Wesleyan Chapter of the Student NC Association of Educators, NCWC President James Gray, and others.
Individuals can get information about this scholarship by mail: Taunja Cox College Scholarship Foundation, P.O. Box 2345, Kinston, North Carolina 28502.
North Carolina Wesleyan College is a private, liberal arts institution affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Dedicated to its mission of preparing students for professional advancement, life-long learning and responsible participation in their communities, the College currently supports locations in Rocky Mount, Goldsboro, RTP and Wilmington. For more information, please visit www.ncwc.edu.


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6 colors
Nordstrom at Home 'Chloe' Sham
$49.00 – $59.00
Barefoot Dreams Ribbed Throw, Size One Size -
Relax under a lightweight microfiber blanket that's extra soft and cozy-perfect for all seasons. The easy-care fabric won't shrink, pill or wrinkle, and is sure to add a dash of simple elegance to your home décor. Color(s): cocoa, pearl, pewter. Brand: BAREFOOT DREAMS. Style Name:Barefoot Dreams Ribbed Throw. Style Number: ... Learn More
Faribault Woolen Mill 'Trapper' Merino Wool Throw, Size One
Natural felting softens a traditional, American-made throw featuring raw-cut edges and crisp stripes to serve as a perfect complement to your home or cabin décor. Color(s): grey/ natural, navy/ natural, rust/ mahogany. Brand: FARIBAULT WOOLEN MILL. Style Name:Faribault Woolen Mill 'Trapper' Merino Wool Throw. Style Number: 5028471. Available in stores. Learn More
Giraffe At Home 'Luxe™' Throw, Size Standard -
An incredibly soft blanket is trimmed in a wide satin band and accented with a small logo patch. Color(s): burgundy, choc/ cream, chocolate, cream, eggplant/ cream, flax, grey, mocha, mulberry, onyx, pink, plum, silver, zebra. Brand: Giraffe At Home. Style Name:Giraffe At Home 'Luxe' Throw. Style Number: 191815. Available in ... Learn More
Ugg Duffield Throw, Size One Size - Beige
Crafted from a plush blend, this ultra-soft blanket is just the thing for cozying up with a book or a cup of hot cocoa on a chilly night. The clean, versatile design makes it a perfectly homey addition to any space. Color(s): black bear/ heather, calm waters, cream, indigo, leopard, ... Learn More
Giraffe At Home 'Luxe Snow Leopard - Double'
Warm up your den with this faux-fur, leopard-print throw designed with a wildly soft, plush feel. Generously sized, this sumptuous blanket is cut large enough to let you cuddle up with your cubs. Lustrous satin trim provides a luxe finishing touch. Color(s): silver. Brand: Giraffe At Home. Style Name:Giraffe At ... Learn More
Faribault Woolen Mill 'Lodge Stripe' Wool Throw
Fluffy fringe trim provides a cozy addition to a rustic wool throw that carries on the Faribault Woolen Mill Company's 150-year tradition of American wool blanket production. Color(s): coffee, grey, wheat. Brand: FARIBAULT WOOLEN MILL. Style Name:Faribault Woolen Mill 'Lodge Stripe' Wool Throw. Style Number: 5028469. Available in stores. Learn More
Barefoot Dreams Cozy Chic Throw, Size One Size
Cuddle up under a microfiber blanket that's extra soft and cozy, just the thing for chilly days and nights. The easy-care fabric won't shrink, pill or wrinkle, so this plush throw is sure to serve as a homey addition to your living room or bedroom décor. Color(s): cream, espresso, stone. ... Learn More
Lala + Bash 'Fifi' Throw, Size Small -
A crisp chevron-print throw reverses to soft pile fleece for an accent piece that's irresistibly cozy and perfectly modern. Color(s): apricot brandy, green mist, grey, navy, pretty pink, seafoam. Brand: LALA + BASH. Style Name:Lala + Bash 'Fifi' Throw. Style Number: 5018029. Available in stores. Learn More


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I have a problem with my housing soceity, which consist of row houses, 2bhk and 1bhk.
However the society is leving maintainance charges uniformly for all irrespective of
the area occupied. A 1bhk resident pays the same amount as a row house owner. This
is totallly unjust. I want to fight this injustice. Can anybody help or guide me on this.
Edit Report


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Matt Damon talks Jason Bourne legacy and the new movie and a new TV Spot. The movie will be out on July 29, 2016.
Matt Damon returns to his most iconic role in Jason Bourne. Paul Greengrass, the director of The Bourne Supremacy and The Bourne Ultimatum, once again joins Damon for the next chapter of Universal Pictures' Bournefranchise, which finds the CIA's most lethal former operative drawn out of the shadows.
For Jason Bourne, Damon is joined by Alicia Vikander, Vincent Cassel and Tommy Lee Jones, while Julia Stiles reprises her role in the series. Frank Marshall again produces alongside Jeffrey Weiner for Captivate Entertainment, and Greengrass, Damon, Gregory Goodman and Ben Smith also produce. Based on characters created by Robert Ludlum, the film is written by Greengrass and Christopher Rouse.
The Jason Bourne Official Facebook page has posted a teaser for the upcoming Trailer that will debut this Thursday:
The movie, directed by Paul Greengrass, will hit theaters in July 29, 2016.
Last Sunday, Matt Damon attended the Academy Awards where he was nominated for Best Actor. The Award went to Leonardo DiCaprio (just saying in case you were living under a rock and didn't know). Anyway, the *evil* Jimmy Kimmel still won't let him on the show, so Ben Affleck takes the matters into his hands. Plus Live from Governor's Ball and Matt makes a cameo on a "Deleted" Scene from the upcoming "Batman V Superman" Movie. Watch the videos below:
EW.com has released a deleted scene from The Martian:
Matt Damon was on The Late Show with James Corden and acted his career in 8 minutes. Watch below, plus a clip from the Interview:
Matt addresses the comments where he said gay actors should keep their lives privates and he explains what he meant.
After 12 long years of being ignored by Jimmy, Matt has decided to go to couples therapy and try to solve their problems. Watch the hilarious piece below.
Another interview with Matt from Toronto.
The video is autoplay, so, click below to view it, or go to the The Hollywood Reporter Website.
About one in nine people, or 750 million people globally, do not have access to safe water. Around the world, women and children are spending 140 million hours a day collecting water.
Water.org, cofounded and supported by actor Matt Damon, has been screening and certifying quality indigenous partner organizations for over 20 years who best understand the needs of their local culture. They can navigate the social, political, and economic issues which may impact projects, are better able to leverage local financial resources for cost-sharing, and know the local expertise which exists for project implementation. It is also more cost effective than hiring expatriate staff. The motto is "Safe water and the dignity of a toilet for all."
Communities and individuals become invested owners by contributing to the project cost. Communities can contribute at least 10 percent of the total project cost through grants, either by financial contributions, securing local materials, or doing physical labor or "sweat equity." The WaterCredit branch allows people to get loans through its network of local partner organizations such as join-lending groups, women's self-help groups, and community-based organizations. Typical loans range in size from $50 – $200 USD.
One of the first steps is the community election of a local water committee which plays a critical role in the project's success. Since women disproportionately bear the water collection burden, the committee must include female members. They serve as a liaison between the community and partner organization, facilitate the hygiene education program, and determine the project construction community work schedule. Committee members are also trained on operation and maintenance of the water and sanitation systems, and management of the finances.
Whether a project is grant funded or involves small water and sanitation loans, community ownership is integral to its success. Water.org insists on community involvement at every step from project planning, financing, and building through ongoing project maintenance.
The WaterCredit Initiative helps with the small water and sanitation loans to communities and individuals who have no access to traditional credit markets, empowering them to solve their own water issues more quickly. As loan payments are paid in, the money is assigned to other people with water needs. For details on WaterCredit, view the website.
A new viral for "The Martian", which is set for release on October 2nd:
Before the first trailer for Ridley Scott's sci-fi drama The Martian debuted, 20th Century Fox teased the film with a viral video from the video archives of the Ares 3, the latest mission to Mars. And now a second viral video has debuted with Matt Damon and the rest of his crew being interviewed by a NASA psychologist after experiencing 10 days in isolation.
From the video it's made pretty clear that Damon has no problem being stuck by himself for 10 days, with the most pressing question he has upon emerging being about Aquaman's abilities. And honestly, it's a perfectly valid question. Watch The Martian viral video after the jump!
Michael Pena didn't have any problems getting used to the isolation either, choosing to partake in a more primitive way to pass the time, while Aksel Hennie isn't scared at all, simply because he's German. Sebastian Stan seems to be in perfect condition as a doctor who deals with stressful situations everyday, and Kate Mara is just plain sleepy, but she gives us the rundown on how she feels about the rest of the crew.
One of the more intriguing parts of this video is Jessica Chastain's silence when asked if she feels any pressure as the first female crew member on an Ares mission to Mars. Could that be telling of something that happens in the movie? Either way, this is one of the more clever viral marketing campaigns we've seen in a long time, and I hope there's much more in store leading up to the fall release.
Don't forget, The Martian has moved up to an earlier release date on October 2nd, and you can still watch the first trailer for the sci-fi flick right here.
The synopsis:
During a manned mission to Mars, Astronaut Mark Watney (Matt Damon) is presumed dead after a fierce storm and left behind by his crew. But Watney has survived and finds himself stranded and alone on the hostile planet. With only meager supplies, he must draw upon his ingenuity, wit and spirit to subsist and find a way to signal to Earth that he is alive. Millions of miles away, NASA and a team of international scientists work tirelessly to bring "the Martian" home, while his crewmates concurrently plot a daring, if not impossible, rescue mission. As these stories of incredible bravery unfold, the world comes together to root for Watney's safe return. Based on a best-selling novel, and helmed by master director Ridley Scott, THE MARTIAN features a star studded cast that includes Jessica Chastain, Kristen Wiig, Kate Mara, Michael Pena, Jeff Daniels, Chiwetel Ejiofor, and Donald Glover.


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Category: "Parties"
Josh Duhamel & Fergie dress up as Karl Lagerfeld & Choupette: brilliant?
Rachel Bilson had her baby shower & got 'birth beads' instead of gifts: great idea?
Charlie Sheen engagement party with pr0n stars cost more than most weddings
Giuliana & Bill Rancic hired party planner for 1 year-old's birthday: cute or too much?
Matt Damon is renting out an entire five star resort for his vow renewal ceremony
Bradley Cooper & Zoe Saldana made out at a party, in front of his mom & Scarlett Johansson
Viola Davis goes natural, wigless at Women In Film event: gorgeous & awesome?
Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony renew their vows, show off $10 million mansion
Post-Oscar parties had a better turnout than the actual Oscars (photos)
Jennifer Lopez threw a temper tantrum on her 40th b-day


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Agreement reached on pipeline issuesAugust 24,2013Agreement cited
on pipeline issues
SOUTH BURLINGTON Vermonts only natural gas company is a step closer to the development of a pipeline through Addison County.
Vermont Gas says it has reached an agreement with the Addison County Regional Planning Commission on some issues, such as providing service to several villages along the route.
Vermont Public Radio reported that the agreement has been filed with the Public Service Board, which is to start hearings next month on the proposal.
Vermont Gas wants to expand its footprint from Chittenden and Franklin counties in northwestern Vermont south through Addison County.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON A Bondville woman is facing a felony charge after police said they learned she was... Full StoryBENNINGTON A local man is facing up to 50 years in jail after being arraigned earlier this... Full StoryVermont leaders face many policy challenges, chief among them demographics change, according to... Full Story
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Hotel Palisade
The new design of Hotel Palisade is the journey of the building, from past to present. Walk into the original character of the building in the ground floor bar, which pays homage to days gone-by, with the hustle and bustle of the early harbor port days of the Rocks.
The design is inspired by the small trades of eras passed: the handtooled, handsmithed and handtinkered. Everything you see and feel is bespoke, handcrafted items by locally based master craftsmen and tradesmen. The fixtures and finishes are a nod to this industrial past using humble and honest materials… zinc, steel, leather, canvas, copper and timber. We celebrate the materials that patina and get better with age (and with a little bit of tough love, too).
You may still hear the jeers of the larrikins and the 'wharfies' coming to drink after a day waiting for ships to dock. You might catch the cackles and calls of the mothers and aunties for their little ones to come in from days riding billy carts and mock war games on the streets. You will feel the ruggedness of the surface under layers of thoughtful design.
On offering is a harp back to the time of oyster bars and the staple that the sea offered. This is a place where the history of the community is both wicked and respectable, but always with a very strong sense of camaraderie. The colour palette is inspired by the spectacular views of the Sydney waters and the original tiles that line the inner walls and their many moods of green.
To bring back this iconic ground floor back to life I instilled an army of talented people:
Rowena – Murobond & colour hunter, Felix – finder & maker, Tommy – builder & solutionaire, Saul – blacksmith extraordinaire, Jonathan – furniture maker & all round finishes guy, Simon – lighting & all round MacGyver, Athol – believer & magician of shapes & forms, hard & soft, Michael – genius of all painters, with the patience of a saint, Neil – scenic painter & layerer of history & romantic grim, Ross – electrician & unruffled weaver of the unimagined, Terry & Michael – magic makers from bad to good in floors, Andrew – tinkerer, Stuart – a shape shifter in furniture, Rosie – finder & keeper of oddities & curiosities, Will & Nath – wizards of the palimpsest & lost arts of signwriting, Chris & team – layering in tiles of once was, Simon – rejoicing of the history of graphics, Matt – plumber & onion peeler, Paul – time traveller & artist, David – lover of history & measurements, Camille – draper & leather shifter of quality aprons, Andrew – fabric & notion expertise, Sam & Katie – earth benders, Alan – sourcerer of all quality furniture, Ken – eagle eyed finder of vintage wares, Avi – tanner & unturner of all stones.
Photos by Chris Court
The Beach People
We are over the moon to introduce you to: The Society Inc.
This stockist is more than a store. it is a warehouse of whimsy, a sort of homewares museum, a showcase of old and new.
Historical, nautical, industrial conversational, these are a few words that spring to mind when looking at the wide range of objects found here.
To find out more about this inspiring space we chatted to the lady behind it all, the one and only Sibella Court…
I'm the owner of The SocietyInc., interior stylist, creator of products & spaces, author and globetrotter. But in my spare time I'm a master swordswoman & tier of knots.
The Society Inc. is now housed in a 280 square meter warehouse in the old Taubman's factory that was built in 1901, in St. Peter's, Sydney.
I was craving a new structure, an old warehouse to reimagine. To be honest I am still discovering the area, but after perusing it I love the different layers of service and history that exist together. Paths converge – industry meets creativity here – I love that I can get my car serviced in the next warehouse, pick up a Prickly Pear in a Moroccan terracotta pot at Garden Life & grab a boutique coffee at Sample.
Bonobo, The Rolling Stones, Arrested Development, Fine Young Cannibals, & the Cure.
The move to a warehouse was to curate the space as though walking through the pages of one of my books. Part hardware&haberdashery, part oddity&curiosity. We celebrate the makers, crafters, creators from around the globe: Atelier Sukha from the Netherlands, ceramics by Earthbender Anna Karina, handcrafted longboards by collaboration with McTavish, oil painted markings by Byron Bay artist Jordana Henry and ANAESTHETIC Design oak Mariner stools amongst many others.
I'm fascinated by the time of slow travel – days not hours spent in metamorphic spaces, heavy luggage & dining carts on trains or ships. The romance of the journey rather than the destination. I'm using this idea for a new hospitality project…
Working with the Caroline Simpson library – they're pulling for me old Bentwood catalogues from their incredible archive of all things interiors for a new furniture range that I'm designing, calling on old shapes for new pieces.
A constant inspiration is Ilse Crawford and all her magic – reading the pages and her philosophies in her fabulous new book, A Frame for Life.
Photography by Madeline Johnson from The Loved Ones.


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At a Glance:
Floyd: Zenia Bratton
Floyd: Cortelius Wright
Respiratory Care (RCT3) (Spring 2015 Cohort)
Offered at the Following Campus
- Floyd County Campus
Program Overview
This version In effect for Spring 2015 cohort and prior terms. See the next program entry for Spring 2016 cohort and future terms.
The Respiratory Care Associate Degree is a sequence of courses that prepares students for careers in the field of respiratory care. Learning opportunities develop academic and professional knowledge and skills required for job acquisition, retention, and advancement. The program emphasizes specialized training in areas such as pulmonary and cardiac pharmacology, medical gases, humidity/aerosol therapy, positive pressure ventilation, incentive spirometry, patient assessment, postural drainage, percussion/vibration, assessment of diseases and conditions, critical respiratory care, advanced critical care monitoring, pulmonary function testing, and pediatric and neonatal respiratory care. Program graduates receive a respiratory care associate degree which qualifies them to take the examinations to become a Registered Respiratory Therapist. Students may become certified by taking the Entry Level Certification Examination administered by the National Board for Respiratory Care. Upon successful completion of the Certification (CRT) Exam, the graduate is eligible to take both parts of the Registry (RRT) Exams. To work in the state of Georgia, all respiratory care practitioners must apply and be granted a license. The only way to obtain a license is to pass at least the Entry Level Certification Exam.
Entrance Dates: Beginning of any semester for pre-occupational curriculum.
Spring semester for occupational curriculum.
Entrance Requirements
Age: 17 years old for entrance into Health Technology pre-occupational curriculum
18 years old for entrance into Health Technology programs
The Respiratory Care Technology program at Georgia Northwestern Technical College is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) (www.coarc.com). Progammatic Outcomes Data can be found at www.coarc.com/47.html.


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- Resources
- Home
- About
- Grants
- Georgia Artists
- News
- Programs
- Arts and Economic Development
- Literary Arts
- State Art Collection
- Publications
- Arts Education
About the Governor's Awards
The Governor's Awards for the Arts and Humanities honor outstanding individuals and organizations that have made significant contributions to Georgia's civic and cultural vitality through excellence and service to the arts and humanities. Presented by the Office of the Governor in partnership with Georgia Council for the Arts and Georgia Humanities, the Governor's Awards recognize the value of the arts and humanities in the creation of a thriving economy and their contributions to education, innovation, growth and quality of life. The Governor's Awards pay tribute to the most distinguished citizens and organizations that have demonstrated a lifetime commitment to work in these fields.
To nominate an individual or organization for a 2016 Governor's Award click on the link below. At the bottom of the Guidelines you will find the link to the nominations form.
2016 Governor's Awards for the Arts & Humanities Guidelines & Nomination Form
About the 2015 Governor's Awards
Each 2015 Governor's Award for the Arts & Humanities was hand crafted by glass artist Matt Janke (M.F.A. in Glass from Kent State University). Janke is known for his diversity of work, strong aesthetic and impeccable skillset. You will see Matt's blown glass, cast glass, large and small sculptures throughout the country.
The 2014 recipients of the Governor's Awards for the Arts & Humanities are:
· Libby Bailey , Tifton
· Susan Booth, Atlanta
· Brenda Bynum , Atlanta
· Jerry and Kathy Chappell, Watkinsville
· Dr. James C. Cobb, Athens
· Dale Dyer, Blue Ridge
· Joyce Perdue-Smith, Rome
· Mausiki Scales, Atlanta
· Robert Webb, Dalton
· Foxfire, Rabun GAP
· Pasaquan Preservation Socienty, Buena Vista
· Slow Exposures, Zebulon
· Telfair Museums, Savannah
Biographical informaiton on each of the recipients and images of the awards can be found within the program for each given year:
2015 Governor's Awards for the Arts & Humanities Program
2014 Governor's Awards for the Arts & Humanities Program
2013 Governor's Awards for the Arts & Humanities Program
2012 Governor's Awards for the Arts & Humanities Program


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Now that the majority of free agency and the NFL draft are over the rosters are basically set. So are there still holes in the Falcons roster? Definitely. It should be said that the Falcons did fill some of the holes during the off season, but there is one major flaw in the Falcons roster that I would like to mention. This would be the cornerback position.
Last season the Atlanta Falcons finished 21st in the league in pass defense and 27th in the league in interceptions. Obviously this is not the way a Super Bowl caliber team's defense should play.
One of the main reasons for this was the lack of experience at the cornerback position. Now there is no question that the present Falcon corners have potential, but every team needs veteran leadership. Last season there was Lawyer Milloy. (even though Milloy was not a cornerback he was in the secondary)
For those who missed it the Falcons released Milloy, because he was becoming a liability in pass coverage and was getting up there in age. Now on the surface this seemed like a no brainer. Why not get rid of a player who is a liability? Well maybe because they were the only veteran leader in the secondary.
So, the Falcons released their leader in the secondary and replaced him with three rookies from the draft. That does not seem like a logical trade off. True one of those players (William Moore from Missouri) was drafted to directly fill the Milloy void. The other two were brought in to help the cornerback situation.
Now I have nothing against the corners that we drafted. (Christopher Owens and William Middleton) More then likely they will help create competition in the secondary, but what they will not do is provide veteran leadership or experience.
Some say Hutchinson could fill this void, but up until joining the Falcons he was a free safety. The Falcons have not addressed this problem yet. There, at this point, is no corner who has enough experience to lead. This is a problem that needs to be addressed in the up coming weeks or well the Falcons could pay the price.
There is hope though. If Chris Houston, Brent Grimes, and Chevis Jackson can all continue to develop and if Von Hutchins and Erik Coleman can lead the secondary then well this problem could solve itself.
Regardless of what happens with the secondary I do believe that the Falcons' defense will improve significantly. The defensive line is deep enough to compete and stay fresh all year. Erick Coleman is only going to become an even bigger play maker and with Curtis Loftin developing in the middle there really is no telling what will happen.


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Ged Gilmore performs a social experiment on his mates. He took them to see a movie. While they all enjoyed it immensely, every one of them was annoyed.
gay culture
Desexualizing the Modern Gay Man
Are people trying to help the gay rights movement doing more harm than good?
Are Hookup Apps Destroying Gay Culture?
One writer thinks that hookup apps are perpetuating stereotypes and destroying relationships.
Freaks, Geeks, Outcasts, Cultural Appropriation, and Boys Like Me
When one group takes on the characteristics and mannerisms of another, is it cultural appropriation, admiration, or an attempt to identify with someone beyond themselves?
A Good Person Can Be Hard To Find, Especially Online
Ryan Shea thinks it can be hard to find a good partner on gay apps.
Donald D'Haene DISHes with Comedian Elvira Kurt
Smart, funny, Canadian, and not to be confused with the late night Goth queen, Elvira Kurt talks about being a lesbian dad, whether London is gay, and how to be cool.
Good Grief
A generation later, Kile Ozier believes the gay community has still not healed from the ravaging shame and grief that accompanied the AIDS crisis.
Joshua and the VCR
Townes Coates reminds us of the days before the internet provided more straightforward ways for gay boys to connect.
The Year of Drinking Dangerously
Sintong Gaspari doesn't want to be a part of gay culture. But he doesn't want to be alone, either.
Gay Israeli Culture from an Israeli's Perspective
American travel writer Sophie Needelman meets an Israeli soldier who shows her the gay State of Israel.
The Gay Look
Being a gay man has everything to do with being a masculine man.
Walk a Mile in Her Shoes: The Slut Walk for Men
Donald D'Haene brings us the origin of the word "slut," as well as his support of the White Ribbon Campaign raising awareness of violence against women.
Pee Wee, Cowboy Curtis & Oeufs en Cocotte
If you want to make a good impression the morning after, learn to make these sexy-soft eggs in your new friend's kitchen.
Gay Day at Disney Meets the Promise Keepers
Justin Cascio remembers when being out and proud has been a courageous, life-affirming act.
Gay Pride 2012 on The Good Life
Gay Pride on The Good Life
Kings for a Day: A Bear's First Pride
Gay pride is more than sex: it's acceptance, diversity, and love.


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Cold Cup Lids, Flat, For 10,12,16 oz Cups, Clear, 100/PackItem#: YYAZ-SVAFK09 | Model#: SVAFK09
Currently Out Of Stock!
NatureHouse® Cold Cup Lids Product Details
Made of PLA, a plant-based polymer, an excellent cost alternative to traditional petroleum-derived plastics. Designed for cold-beverage cups. Fits: 10-16 oz. Cold Cups; Material(s): PLA; Color(s): Clear; For Use With: NatureHouse® Cold Cups.
What It Is And Why You Need It
- Made of PLA, a plant-based polymer.
- Made of PLA, a plant-based polymer.
- Suitable for cold beverages.
Manufactured by: SAVANA
Warranty provided by: SAVANA
UPC No: 899609002405
Mfg Part No: SVAFK09
Box Size:
( Length:0, Width:0, Depth:0)
Shipping Weight: 0.4000 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- SAVANA logos are registered trademarks of SAVANA. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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About justbeingcool : nothing really
justbeingcool's FML badges
I agree, their lives suck
200 votes confirming that their life is crap. It's what the website is all about.
Happy Ending
Brandon may have an FML, but he ended up marrying Jessica. You found this out by reading "FML, the follow up."
You've used FML's private messaging service for the first time. Will they reply? Wait and see…
justbeingcool's favorite FMLs
Today, I asked my girlfriend to marry me. She pretended not to hear me. FML
by anonymous / 12/22/2012 at 7:50am / Australia (New South Wales) / Love
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