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REF Coordinator for Applied Linguistics
ECLS Director, iLAB:Learn
Co-ordinator, Applied Linguistics and Communication Research Group
DPD MA Applied Linguistics Research
Academic Qualifications
1979 University of Durham. BA(Honours)Class 2:1,German(French subsid.)
1992 University of Aston. MSc in Teaching English.
1996 University of York D Phil. Title of thesis: 'Learning Talk: a Study of the Interactional Organisation of the L2 Classroom from a CA Institutional Discourse Perspective.'
Professional Qualifications
1983 International House London. RSA Cert TEFL
1984 Durham University School of Education. PGCE
1989 Centre for British Teachers, Brunei. RSA Dip TEFL
I am a member of the British Association of Applied Linguistics, the Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society and the British Science Association.
The knowledge which is created by my research is of how people communicate in professional settings. I portray spoken interaction as a complex, holistic, adaptive system. Specifically, I uncover how the organisation of interaction in an institutional setting is related to the institutional goals. Close examination of the detail of the interaction can reveal issues and problems which can then be tackled through policy or training.
To get free electronic access to a number of my publications, please go to
My Google Scholar page is http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=NjHoLhMAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao
I am PI on Video Enhanced Observation Europa, a €270K Erasmus Plus KA2 Strategic Partnerships for School Education grant. https://veoeuropa.com/
I am PI (jointly with Rob Comber) on Linguacuisine, a €324K Erasmus Plus KA2 Strategic Partnerships for Adult Education grant.
Details of the grants are below.
Research Roles
REF Coordinator for Applied Linguistics for the 2013 and 2020 exercises.
Editorial Board member for the journals: Language Teaching, Classroom Discourse, English Profile Journal, Novitas Royal, Bellaterra, ARECLS.
Co-editor, Edinburgh University Press Book Series 'Studies in Social Interaction'.
ECLS Director, iLAB:Learn
Chair, Applied Linguistics Research Group
PhD students who have completed are Ghaleb Rababah, Jim Ackers, Aboubaker El-Aswad, Eda Ustunel, Chris Jenks, Navaporn Sanprasert, Kitcha Thepsiri, Buthayna Al-Garawi, Hanan Waer, Olcay Sert, Chen-Ying Li, Saad Al-Mutairi, Dorine Lugendo, Aki Imuro Siegel, Cihat Atar and Andy Harris.
I am currently supervising: Jaeuk Park, Ming-Fen Lo, Sumita Supakorn, Khansaa Martakush, Monthon Kanokpermpoon, Miaomiao Zuo, Saziye Savaskan .
The Modern Language Association of America awarded me its twenty-fifth annual Kenneth W. Mildenberger Prize in 2005 for my book The Interactional Architecture of the Language Classroom: A Conversation Analysis Perspective. The prize is awarded annually for an outstanding work in the fields of language, culture, literacy, or literature with strong application to the teaching of languages other than English. The book was also shortlisted for the British Association for Applied Linguistics Book Prize 2005.
The book Conceptualising Learning in Applied Linguistics, for which I was first editor, was runner-up in the British Association for Applied Linguistics Book Prize 2011.
The French Digital Kitchen project won the 2012 European Language Label prize.
I have given invited plenary talks at conferences in Denmark, UK, Italy, Korea, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Turkey, Finland, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.
I am currently external examiner for:
University of Edinburgh MSc Applied Linguistics
I have been external examiner for 12 UK doctorates as well as for theses in Australia (2), Finland, Spain and Switzerland.
Expert list member, EU Comenius and Erasmus programmes.
I currently have 3 funded projects:
1) A grant of £30,000 from the British Council for research on : 'Candidates Questioning Examiners in the IELTS Speaking Test: An Intervention Study'.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention, namely an additional component in the Speaking Test. This is a very short section in which the candidate has to ask questions on a topic to the examiner, who will reply. Asking questions is a necessary skill for university students and may or may not give raters useful additional data. The outcome will be an evaluation of whether candidate-led question-answer sequences are in fact produced and whether value is added or not.
This is the fourth grant I have received for researching the IELT Speaking Test IELTS Tests are currently taken by over 2.5 million people each year.
2) I am PI on Video Enhanced Observation, a €270K Erasmus Plus KA2 Strategic Partnerships for School Education grant. Paul Miller and Jon Haines, who run the spin-off company Video Enhanced Observation Limited (VEO), are part of the project team. The consortium brings together 6 partners from 5 countries and aims to improve the quality and efficiency of education and training by using an innovative technological approach to support initial teacher training and continuing professional development. The project builds on work undertaken by Newcastle University spin-off company VEO Ltd, which has developed an iPad App for classroom observation – the VEO, Video Enhanced Observation. This App adopts a novel and data-driven approach to classroom observation by enabling the observer to tag a whole range of different aspects of both teaching and learning, which can then be reviewed. https://veoeuropa.com/
The project partners are: edEUcation ltd UK; Padagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe Germany; Lapin Yliopisto Finland; Hayatboyu Ogrenme Akademisi Dernegi Turkey; Regionalen inspectorat po obrazovanieto-Haskovo Bulgaria.
The main outputs are:
• an enhanced App
• an online platform hosting a set of training modules
• a portfolio of best practice resources
• a community of practice
• a series of case studies
• a research report and publications.
The project will customise the App so that it can be used across a range of different country contexts and will create a set of downloadable training resources. These will tested with 20 trainees or existing teachers in each of four schools or training organisations in each country, a total of 400 teachers. Additionally through the dissemination strand, the project will reach a further 250 key stakeholders including School Leadership teams, Teacher Training Organisations including HEIs, NGOs, Teaching Unions and National Ministries. Within the exploitation strand, partners will exploit their networks to reach European wide organisations.
The project has a research strand, which will analyse the methodology and its impact. This will ensure maximum access at a European level and inform policy development. Having published empirical evidence will enhance credibility of VEO with teachers and head teachers.
The anticipated impact will be evidence of improved teacher performance, improved confidence and motivation in teachers and a demonstration of how this technology can be used to provide a more targeted, effective and cost-effective method of professional development.
Website - www.veo-group.com
Able to record and analyse communication in institutional settings. Close analysis of details of the interaction can uncover the sources of communication problems and suggest solutions to these.
Applications of digital technology to language learning.
I am module leader for the following modules : Spoken Interaction in Language Learning and Testing Contexts , Research Methods in Applied Linguistics for Doctoral Students. I also teach on the HASS Faculty research training programme.


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Jean C. Moses - Certified Public Accountant, Newport News, VA
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subset: commoncrawl


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|Girls, Boys, Infant/Baby
My name is Scotti, designer and owner of Inner Hooker. Nose and butt wiper by day...creative business woman by night!View all patterns by designer (73) »
Tortoise and Hare Hat Sizes included:
0-3 months
3-6 months
Tushy Topper is one size and will fit most 0-6 months. Larger and older babies will have more skin showing but it will still cover their buns.
Difficulty: brave beginner
Please do not copy and share, sell or redistribute in any manner. Pattern and pictures are copyright protected under the registered trademark Inner Hooker. Legal action will be taken for redistributing pattern or using photos for personal gain.


text: Review Content Awesome gift Gave this Washington Post History of the New York Yankees to a friend and Yankee fan. Very well put together, awesome product, great gift...and at one time I delivered the Washington Post, still have the Kennedy Assasinated copy. The print is too small. The book was a gift for a father who loves baseball. The book looks very nice and the information would be awesome to read if the print were larger. Great and Unique gift This is a great, orginal and unique gift. Its great for any sports fan to have the articles of their favorite team historic to present wins. This is a Bosses Day gift so I have not presented it to him yet, but I know without a doubt, he will absolutely LOVE it!! Great gift for a sports officianado Very nice gift for the Red Sox fan who has everything!


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This pic taken during November 2006 in the run up to Cristmas.
The map position pointer is where I took the picture from, not where the actual Corner House is, which is barely 25 metres from the map position. If you scan close enough, you can see the Corner House on the map.
Hi Mark, Yes, I was challenged in the Vic Centre many years ago by some officious security bloke. I had my camera (a Canon Ae1) on a tripod, and he immediately thought I was a professional (Gordon Bennett, I ask you!!) and told me I would need a permit. We went to the centre office where I went through the rigmarole of an application for a permit (at no cost) only to tear it up under his nose.
I had a similar experience at Worcester Cathedral. 'Nuff said?
I like it - greetings from germany
Hi Sehnwirmal, Many thanks for your kind comments on 3 of my photos.
Photo taken in Nottingham, UK


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"SNL" STAR Kristin
Wiig says that when she and Annie Mumolo wrote "Bridesmaids," they wanted to make a film about women, and cast funny women, but she swears it's not a chick flick.
She's right. The film, which centers on Wiig's character trying to get her act together in the context of her best friend's (Maya Rudolph) wedding, is a funny and raunchy comedy.


text: Strange location, half hotel/ motel half motel (i.e. ground floor exit directly out onto the sidewalk, where we were staying). The reception was supposed to secure rooms at the hotel for the whole group, not a party to the motel with the inconveniences. Room and bathroom well equipped for a motel but is stiff, uncomfortable bed, very thin pillow, sleeping... More


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The Docket's fall TV season legal line-up
Attorney Seema Iyer, Esq. talks with entertainment journalist Alicia Quarles about new legal TV shows debuting this fall and asks S. Leigh Savidge if Fox's 'Empire' is a true comparison to Death Row Records. The Docket airs Tuesdays at 11am ET on Shift. ... more Duration: {{video.duration.momentjs}}
The Docket's fall TV season legal line-up
N.Korea human rights: starvation, torture
NYC Marathon lottery fee: Is it prohibited?
Inmates cut through bars, escape CA jail
Murder parallels in Olsen & Kercher cases
How ISIS first arose in remote Jordanian...
Serial podcast will 'taint' Bergdahl trial
Florida hospital put "criminality above...
New open carry gun law in Texas
Legalities in deportation of "affluenza teen"
P.Manning & HGH: What can NFL really find?
Attorney: Cleveland officer not cross...
Should a surgeon run two operations at once?
Gifts for the lawyer in your life? Necessary.
Freddie Gray family attorney on new trial
Drug Policy Alliance vs. Marijuana Lawsuit
Doctor defends NFL, "Concussion" film is...
NYS takes big step toward humane prisons
The end of Affirmative Action?
Fanduel and Draftkings live on, for now
Retrieving data...
- Information
Live Online
Retrieving Data...
- Information
The Docket
Top Stories
from NBC News and MSNBC
Best of MSNBC
What's the Clinton game plan?
Protesters gather outside Charlotte NFL game
Jill Stein pushes to be included in debate
Pence: Flowers will not attend the debate
Clinton to make history on debate stage
Another lens to understand American identity
Will Charlotte police release more video?
Rihanna: 'Love on the Brain'
Rihanna: 'FourFiveSeconds'
Rihanna: 'Diamonds'
Chris Martin: 'Raspberry Beret'
The 6 year-old making compassion go viral
Taking action to help the world's refugees
Filmmaker: 'There is no honor in killing a...
Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder: 'People Have...
Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder: 'Nothingman'
Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder: 'Don't Dream...
Pelosi: 'Know your power to drive change'
Kendrick Lamar: 'Alright'
Kendrick Lamar: 'i'
Global Citizen
Rihanna: 'Diamonds'
Rihanna: 'FourFiveSeconds'
Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder: 'Nothingman'
Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder: 'Don't Dream...
Kendrick Lamar: 'Alright'
Kendrick Lamar: 'i'
Metallica: 'Enter Sandman'
Metallica - 'Nothing Else Matters'
Demi Lovato: 'Cool for the Summer'
Demi Lovato:' For You'
Yandel ft. Becky G: 'Somos Uno'
Yandel: 'Encantadora'
Rihanna: 'Love on the Brain'
Chris Martin: 'Raspberry Beret'
The 6 year-old making compassion go viral
Taking action to help the world's refugees
Filmmaker: 'There is no honor in killing a...
Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder: 'People Have...
Pelosi: 'Know your power to drive change'
Kendrick Lamar: 'King Kunta'
Decision 2016
Clinton: Donald Trump has shown us who he is
How can Clinton stay on offense?
Clinton needs to be an 'entertainer' tonight
Is Trump 'not preparing' for the debate?
Two candidates, two very different game plans
What's the Clinton game plan?
Which Trump will show up at the debate?
How Clinton & Trump debated in primaries
How presidential debates impact elections
Will the debate change voters' perceptions?
O'Malley: Clinton a 'well-prepared' debater
Jill Stein pushes to be included in debate
Pence: Flowers will not attend the debate
Does Clinton campaign have a millennial...
Trump's conflicting stories on FL casino deal
Clinton to make history on debate stage
Cummings: Trump acted like bully in past...
Does Trump have a lower bar for debate?
Kingston on debate prep, stylistic...
NY Times: Fmr. Clinton aid playing Trump
Morning Joe
Kellyanne Conway on Monday's big debate
Conway: Trump didn't lie about Lester Holt
Frontline digs into election in new...
Plouffe: Clinton still has 100% chance of...
Dowd: Trump makes a good baseball bat
Donna Brazile: Clinton must talk about the...
Why a boring debate is a win for Trump
Trump, Clinton go into debate neck-in-neck
Global Citizen Festival returns to NYC
McDonnell: I took my eye off the ball as gov
Once anti-Trump, billionaire family now in...
Race remarks further intensify 2016 debate
Johnson has interesting interview response
How Trump can cause debate drama
Turkish president: US Muslim ban not possible
Trump's words on women used in new Clinton ad
'She has to punch back': MJ panel talks...
'One poll does not an election make':...
How debates can define presidential elections
State polls show Trump comeback brewing
Rachel Maddow
African-American history museum set to open
Family releases video of Charlotte shooting
Shooting video release puts Charlotte on edge
Projections disagree as early voting begins
Cruz abandons principle, endorses Trump
First presidential debate Monday on MSNBC
Hillary Clinton postpones trip to Charlotte
Civil Rights Museum rejects Trump photo-op
Civil Rights Act foresight adds peacekeepers
Manslaughter charge for cop in Tulsa shooting
Protests in Charlotte call for video release
Police video release a matter of public trust
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Bad news for Trump in new Latino polling
Poll: 2016 Trump losing badly to 2012 Romney
Congressional GOP turn their backs on Flint
Police muster on second night of protest
Tear gas, arrests at Charlotte protests
Charlotte emblematic of national problem
Cameras seen as failed solution to shootings


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The Party of PrincipleSmaller Government - Lower Taxes - More Freedom
Delegates to the Libertarian National Convention, who are selected by their respective state Libertarian affiliates, will select the party's presidential and vice presidential nominees.
For Ted Cruz and John Kasich supporters, the Libertarian Party says the candidates' withdrawal from the GOP presidential race is both bad news and good news.
All News
View All Events


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Max Randolph (yes he is an actual Viking), hand-forges all of the medieval BHBC stamped bottle openers for us.
This year for all of our Society members we decided to enlist the Viking's help to blacksmith a special batch. Included in this year's membership each Society member will receive a custom key-chain bottle opener with the initials SM15.
We're fascinated by his craftsmanship we followed him back to his workshop to captured him in action. Let me start by saying these images simply don't do it justice. We'll soon be releasing a video showing exactly how much time and artist goes into each piece. Stay tuned.
Our Brewhouse platform is back and ready for brewing. We upgraded the stairs for safety, added specialized adjustable feet to reduce the surface area contact with the brewhouse floor (always a good thing), and slapped our BHBC logo on the back. After all, this platform is going to be the center piece of the Brewhouse and Tasting Room. Let's see only three large vessels and a 100 of feet of stainless piping to polish, rebuild a handful of pumps, order all new gaskets, seals, and brewers hose, add power, steam, and water, plug it all in and cross our fingers. Now where did we put the rest of the brewhouse…
We knew that we wanted as much of our buildout as possible to be constructed out of reclaimed and/or repurposed material. So, when Kevin sourced an old barn near Fresno that was slated to be destroyed, we knew we had to have it. Last Tuesday, the Carvalho Construction crew headed up to the foothills of the Sierras and wrecked havoc on that old barn. After a days worth of blood and sweat and then traveling half way down the state it now rests in our storage area waiting for a new lease on life. The wood is exactly what we were looking for, old, weathered and 3 inches thick. Even the spots of graffiti are going to add a nice touch. When you come visit, see if you can spot areas where we have repurposed the old barn. See you at the brewery!


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1000BASE-T is Gigabit Ethernet (1 gigabit is 1000 megabits per second) on copper cables, using four pairs of Category 5 unshielded twisted pair to achieve the gigabit data rate. 1000BASE-T can be used in data centers for server switching, for uplinks from desktop computer switches, or directly to the desktop for broadband applications. A big advantage of 1000BASE-T is that existing copper cabling can be used instead of having to rewire with optical fiber.
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For Gigabit Ethernet, industry offerings include these types of wiring:
- 1000BASE-SX (a short laser wavelength on multimode fiber optic cable for a maximum length of 550 meters)
- 1000BASE-LX/LH (a long wavelength for a "long haul" fiber optic cable for a maximum length of 10 kilometers)
- 1000BASE-ZX (an extended wavelength single-mode optical fiber for up to 100 kilometers)
- 1000BASE-CX (two pairs of 150-ohm shielded twisted pair cable for a maximum length of 25 meters)
- 1000BASE-T (four pairs of Category 5 unshielded twisted pair cable for a maximum length of 100 meters)
The 1000BASE designation is an IEEE shorthand identifier. The "1000" in the media type designation refers to the transmission speed of 1000 Mbps. The "BASE" refers to baseband signalling, which means that only Ethernet signals are carried on the medium. (Through repeaters, media segments of different physical types can be sometimes be used in the same system.)
The designation for "1000BASE-T" is also sometimes seen as "1000BaseT."
Continue Reading About 1000BASE-T
Dig Deeper on Ethernet
Find more PRO+ content and other member only offers, here.


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Fine and Dandy!
With the emergence of the modern man becoming far more discerning when it comes to sartorial elegance, it seems that the contemporary fashion world is beginning to hark back to the days of the Dandy, when gentlemen placed a particular importance upon physical appearance and a refined language, portrayed in a definite display of nonchalance. Read More ›


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Photos: Marquez-Alvarado, Postol-Aydin Final Presser
Inglewood, Ca. --- (L-R) Four-division world champion Juan Manuel Marquez of Mexico and former Jr. Welterweight champion Mike Alvarado of Denver,Co. pose during the final press conference Thursday for their upcoming 12-round welterweight battle.
Promoted by Top Rank® in association with Zanfer Promotions, Márquez Boxing and Tecate, Márquez and Alvarado will collide at The Forum in Inglewood,Ca. on Saturday, May 17 and will be televised live on HBO®. Photos by Chris Farina/Top Rank.
Tickets are still available and are priced at $400, $250, $150, $100, $75 and $35. Tickets can be purchased at the Forum box office, all Ticketmaster outlets, Ticketmaster charge by phone (800-745-3000), and online at www.ticketmaster.com or www.fabulousforum.com .
[QUOTE=Renal Colic;14557456]He looks like a suicide bomber in that jacket.[/QUOTE] LMFAO!!! You had me laughing out loud here at work.Comment by Tobi.G on 05-16-2014
Wow, the two blondes look awesome! :wank:Comment by .:: JSFD26 ::. on 05-16-2014
[quote=whoseyourdaddy] Quote: Originally Posted by drenlou Damn is this the biggest fighter cryquez has ever fought? no I think it was Julian Weeller [/quote] Both wrong. Biggest fighter Marquez has faced was Floyd. Marquez was coming up in weight and…Comment by White_Knight on 05-16-2014
[QUOTE=-MAKAVELLI-;14555729]it's 110 degrees and this fool dressed like he's about to go skiing [IMG]http://www.boxingscene.com/uploads/77849/Marquez_Alvarado_finalPC_140515_002a.jpg[/IMG][/QUOTE] He looks like a suicide bomber in that jacket.Comment by .:: JSFD26 ::. on 05-16-2014
Did Tomas Adamek drop down in weight or did Aydin move up? [SIZE="1"][I]Posted from Boxingscene.com App for Android[/I][/SIZE]Post a Comment - View More User Comments (29)


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Hey just joined the group. Anyone from Augusta?
Anyone from Augusta?
I live in Martinez. I wanted to mention a mothering group that someone asked about. It's geared more towards pregnant women, but they provide such great support--CSRA Birthing Connections (www.facebook.com/CSRABirthingConnections or www.CSRABirthingConnections.org)
Mommy to:
Donovan (3.31.07) 9lbs
Vala (10.31.08) 9lbs 7oz
Pagan (6.2.10) 9lbs 15oz
Beckett (1.9.12) 11lbs 7oz BORN AT HOME!
Studying to become a MIDWIFE!
Hi everyone! I live in Grovetown and I have a 5 and 7 year old. I have been a part of BBC since I found out I was pregnant 7 years ago.
Mommy to Kayla 7/6/05, Braylen 6/21/07, Tyler 6/24/13, Michael "my angel" 4/20/15, ***Alex and Ryan 8/30/2016**
Hi everybody! I'm in Augusta. Looking for recommendations on day cares in the area, especially home day cares, for my almost 4 month LO
I live in Grovetown and am expecting September 3rd. I have a 10 and 3 year old. Looking for some good down to earth fellow Mommy friends. :)
I am in Evans and I want mommy friends! I have a 2 month old.
"You're never so alive than when you're about to lose your pants, my friend." - Varric Tethras
28 year old new mommy(stay at home) live in Evans, ga... Ms. Stella was born Sept 16. Still a little young for "play dates" but def would love to meet new folks with babies!


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Four Downs following the Lions' 34-27 loss to the Packers includes magnificent Marvin, leaky defense, missing Abdullah and up & down Decker.
Mike O'Hara answers all of the burning questions following the Detroit Lions' 34-27 loss to the Green Bay Packers.
Tim Twentyman recaps the Detroit Lions' 34-27 loss to the Green Bay Packers.
Mike O'Hara shares his final thoughts heading into Sunday's Lions-Packers matchup.
Lions sign LB Zaviar Gooden to active roster from practice squad, waive WR Aaron Dobson.
The Lions hit the road to take on the Green Bay Packers in their Saturday best.
Catch up on all the Lions news from the past seven days with the Week in Review.
Lions at Packers injury report and game designations for Friday, September 23.
Aaron Dobson's brief career and the circumstances that brought him to Detroit to add depth to the Lions' receiver position is another example for him that nobody should be surprised about anything that happens in the NFL.
Tim Twentyman covers all the news from Friday's practice including increased roles for Riddick & Washington, pressuring Aaron Rodgers and more.
The Detroit Lions aren't looking for mercy as they head to Green Bay with a wounded roster, and the Packers won't offer any.
View in-game photos from the Detroit Lions Week 3 game against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field.


text:
SEO 50 Articles - April 2013 - repost
This project was successfully completed by EDataSolution for $103 USD in 10 days.Get free quotes for a project like this
Completed by:
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Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Completed In10 days
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Hello freelancers,
I need 50 SEO articles on locksmith services.
1. All articles must have keyword in the title hading . NOTE: you will provide us with SEO meta tags (title and description) for each page
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6. All articles Only be accepted in Word Document. (means 1 article in one word document, each and every separate)
I will pay $1.5-$2 per article for 400 words.
Kindly tell what kind of proof and experience you have in writing seo articles.
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text:
9 years of experience
Accepting new patients
451 Clarkson Ave
Brooklyn, NY 11203 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Michael Fullar:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Write a Review
Prepare before visiting Dr. Fullar
Bipolar Disorder Patient Education Learn all about symptoms, treatments and medications of bipolar disorder by reading our BD patient education guide.Before Visiting Dr. Fullar Learn More
|More Patient Guides & Topics
ADHD in Adults
Erectile Dysfunction
Major Depressive Disorder
Specialties & Research
Dr. Michael Fullar, MD is board certified in Psychiatry.
- He has special expertise in 7 areas:
- Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Bipolar Disorder / Manic Depressive Disorder
- Depression
- Depressive Disorder
- Insomnia
- Schizophrenia
- Sleep Disorders
Education & Awards
Dr. Fullar graduated from Stony Brook University.
Dr. Fullar has 6 hospital affiliations:
- Beth Israel Medical Center Petrie Division
- Kings County Hospital Center
- French
- Hindi
- Italian
- Urdu
- Creole
- Chinese
- Mandarin
- Spanish
- Haitian Creole
- Gujarati
Similar doctors nearby
Dr. Paul O'Keefe
Dr. Regine Bruny-Olawaiye
Dr. Michael Cohen
Dr. Michael Combs
Dr. Cathryn Galanter
Dr. Miriam Zincke
- Additional Information
- Dr. Michael Keen Fullar MD is a male Psychiatrist, has 9 years of experience and practices in Psychiatry.
- Where does Dr. Michael K. Fullar practice?
- Dr. Michael Fullar has 1 office location.
Dr. Michael Fullar practices Psychiatry near Brooklyn, NY.
See Brooklyn Psychiatrists.


text:
Added by Linzie Logan on 10 February 2012
Version 1
Prize: Have a golden year by winning this contest where the prize is a gold bullion of 1 oz. weight courtesy Proxibid.
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What you must do to enter: If you are 18 or older and from 50 United States and DC, enter this contest by first "Like"ing their Facebook page and then filling up the online form.
Statistics: This contest was opened by 1 and entered by 1 ContestChest.com members. 100% of those who opened the contest, entered it.
To see this contest, register if you are not yet a member and log in:


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MADISON, Wis. - Labor and community leaders here said today that the "Voter ID" bill the Senate approved today and that was passed last week by the state Assembly is nothing more than blatant voter suppression.
Wisconsin AFL-CIO President Phil Neuenfeldt said, "Not satisfied with attacking the collective bargaining rights of public employees, Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker and Republican legislators have set their sights on voting rights with a phony voter ID bill."
He said the legislation is driven by "raw political power, an attempt to block the recall of unpopular GOP senators and to suppress turnout among constituencies who may tend to vote Democratic." Neuenfeldt said the bill "does not address any problem of voter fraud - a problem which itself is totally manufactured."
Technically, the law would not, when signed by the governor, take full effect until next spring. Republicans still plan to use it, however, to intimidate and suppress votes in the upcoming recall elctions against Republican senators.
Republican leaders of the state's election agency have already said they can carry out a "soft implementation" of voter ID to "train" election workers on July 12, the expected date of the recall vote. Such a "soft implementation" would involve asking people to present and questioning them about their driver's licenses, state picture IDS, immigration and naturalization papers and tribal identification documents, among other things.
Union leaders also charge that the bill is an attempt to improve Republican chances to carry Wisconsin in the 2012 presidential election. President Obama carried the state in 2008.
Local newspapers in Wisconsin have joined the fight against the bill. The Wausau Daily Herald editorialized: "The case for a voter ID law would be different if there were reason to believe that widespread voter fraud were corrupting Wisconsin's elections. There isn't. There is no data to back up the notion that widespread fraud exists here."
The legislation, approved now by both Republican-controlled legislative chambers, will make it much more difficult for many Wisconsinites to exercise their right to vote. It includes the most restrictive voter identification requirement in the country.
Ironically, the bill also costs an estimated $7.5 million at a time when Republicans claim their attacks on unions were necessitated by the state's horrible financial straits. According to state Rep. Jennifer Silling, a Democrat from La Crosse, "This bill will not prevent fraud or the recent election mismanagement errors by a Republican county official that we have seen. As we continue to make drastic cuts to our school, libraries, health programs and public safety services, the Voter Supression Bill will force deeper cuts with no real benefit."
Voting rights advocates note that there are large numbers of people who do not have the state-issued photo ID the bill requires. According to a recent University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee study, those without state-issued photo ID who would need to obtain one under the new Voter ID bill include:
* 23 percent of Wisconsinites over the age of 65.
* 17 percent of white men and women.
* 55 percent of African American males and 49 percent of African American women.
* 46 percent of Hispanic men and 53 percent of Hispanic women.
* 78 percent of African American males age 18-24 and 66 percent of African American women age 18-24.
Opposition to the bill is being expressed by a variety of organizations.
The Wisconsin League of Women Voters said the bill is an "expensive proposal that would create barriers to voting for thousands of citizens in an effort to fix a problem that does not exist."
The Interfaith Council of Milwaukee called the photo ID requirement "an unnecessary impediment to many low-income people along with the elderly or disabled people who live in their own homes. And the restrictions it places on the use of college IDs for voting would unfairly disenfranchise many students."


text:
Good to hear thereSubmitted by Derm on Sat, 2006-07-29 11:09
It is good to hear that there are others out there that understand what I feel.
I will say this I do not worry what people say about what people think about my knitting. It is just that I wish they could see the benifits of knitting. Besides homemade gifts, I also find that knitting helps with my hands. When I am not knitting I Chef/cook at a university. Before I started knitting I found that I got hand cramps from all the chopping and food prep I had to do. After I started Knitting the cramps are pretty much all gone. Those are just tow of the benifits I find in knitting.
well I could go on for ever but that is all I need to say for now.


text:
Cinnamon 1.2 Released
New desktop no longer compatible with Gnome Shell themes.
Version 1.2 of Cinnamon, the Gnome 3-based desktop, is now available for free download for use with Linux Mint 12, Ubuntu 11.10, Fedora 16, openSUSE 12.1, Arch Linux, and Gentoo. All APIs and the desktop itself are now fully stable, according to the blog announcement from lead developer Clement Lefebvre.
According to the announcement, Cinnamon 1.2 represents a step toward "reintroducing desktop effects and the ability for the user to define fancy animations or to turn effects off altogether." This release features two new animation plugins: Fade, which changes the opacity of windows, and Scale, which changes their dimension.
Cinnamon 1.2 also includes support for the most common desktop layouts, a new configuration tool called "Cinnamon Settings" with additional configuration options, and an improved main menu.
Additional changes were made under the hood. For example, Cinnamon now uses its own window manager (Muffin) and is no longer compatible with Gnome Shell themes. The overview was replaced by a desktop Scale plugin (similar to the old Compiz Scale), and more than 130 issues have been closed since the start of the project.
For more information, see: http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/?p=119.
Issue 192/2016
Buy this issue as a PDF
Nextcloud Announces Raspberry Pi-Powered Home Cloud Box
Innovative system adds a hard drive and Ubuntu Core to the RPi for an IoT hub.
Linus Torvalds Confirms the Date of the First Linux Release
Linux is two weeks younger than we thought!
End of OpenOffice?
The Apache Software Foundation considers retiring OpenOffice
Adobe Gives New Life to NPAPI Plugin for Linux
Adobe won't kill the plugin in 2017
LinuxCon North America Convenes in Toronto, Canada
Linux Foundation's big event celebrates the 25th anniversary of Linux
Linux Turns 25
Linux has evolved from "won't be a professional" project to one of the most professional software projects in the history of computers.
Mirantis Joins Hands with SUSE To Offer RHEL Support; Red Hat Not Happy
Competitors get in the game with RHEL without Red Hat
Linux on Windows 10 Poses a Security Risk
Security researchers have already notified Microsoft; some fixes are available
Mirantis to Refactor OpenStack Fuel for Kubernetes
The company is collaborating with Google and Intel to use Kubernetes as an engine for Fuel
Canonical Joins Document Foundation Advisory Board
The upcoming release of LibreOffice will be available as a snap package


text:
By feature
Major features or significant feature enhancements by kernel version. For more information look below.
WARNING: The "Version" row states at which version a feature has been merged into the mainline kernel. It does not tell anything about at which kernel version it is considered mature enough for production use. For an estimation on stability of features see Status page.
Read all data and verify checksums, repair if possible.
|auto raid repair
Automatic repair of broken data from a good copy
|root backups
Save a few previous versions of the most imporant tree roots at commit time, used by -o recovery
|integrity checker
Optional infrastructure to verify integrity of written metadata blocks
|backref walking
Groundwork to allow tracking owner of blocks, used via inspect-internal
RAID profiles can be changed on-line, balance filters
|big metadata blocks
Support for metadata blocks larger than page size
Default nodesize is 16k since btrfs-progs 3.12
|error handling
Generic infrastructure for graceful error handling (EIO)
|device statistics
Persistent statistics about device errors
|fsync speedup
Noticeable improvements in fsync() implementation
Subvolume-aware quotas
Ability to transfer one filesystem via a data stream (full or incremental) and apply the changes on a remote filesystem.
Hardlink count limit is lifted to 64k
Default since btrfs-progs 3.12
|hole puching
Implement the FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE mode of fallocate
|device replace
Efficient replacement of existing device (add/remove in one go)
|raid 5/6 (incomplete)
Basic support for RAD5/6 profiles, no crash resiliency, replace and scrub support
|snapshot-aware defrag
Defrag does not break links between shared extents (snapshots, reflinked files)
Disabled since 3.14 (and backported to some stable kernel versions) due to problems. Will be enabled in the future.
|lightweight send
A mode of send that does not add the actual file data to the stream
|on-line label set/get
Label editable on mounted filesystems
|skinny metadata
Reduced metadata size (format change) of extents
Default since btrfs-progs 3.18
|qgroup rescan
Sync qgroups with existing filesystem data
|uuid tree
A map of subvolume/UUID that vastly speeds up send/receive
|out-of-bound dedup
Support for deduplicating extents on a given set of files.
No extent representation for file holes (format change), may reduce overall metadata consumption
|feature bits in sysfs
/sys/fs/btrfs exports various bits about filesystem capabilities and feature support
Mode of open() to safely create a temporary file
|search ioctl v2
The extended SEARCH_TREE ioctl able to get more than a 4k data
|auto blockgroup reclaim
Automatically remove blockgroups (aka. chunks) that become completely empty.
|raid56: scrub, replace
Scrub and device replace works on RAID56 filesystems.
|store otime
Save creation time (otime) for all new files and directories. For future use, current tool cannot read it directly.
|rootid ioctl accessible
The INO_LOOKUP will return root id (id of the containing subvolume), unrestricted and to all users if the treeid is 0.
|dedupe possible on the same inode
The EXTENT_SAME ioctl will accept the same inode as source and destination (ranges must not overlap).
|trim all free space
Trim will be performed also on the space that's not allocated by the chunks, not only free space within the allocated chunks.
|balance filter updates
Enhanced syntax and new balance filters:
|free space tree
Improved implementation of free space cache, using b-trees.
|balance filter updates
Conversion to data/DUP profile possible through balance filters -- on single-device filesytem.
mkfs.btrfs allows creating DUP on single device in the non-mixed mode since 4.4
|max_inline default
The default value of max_inline changed to 2048.
|read features from control device
The existing ioctl GET_SUPPORTED_FEATURES can be now used on the control device (/dev/btrfs-control) and returns the supported features without any mounted filesystem.
|delete device by id
Add new ioctl RM_DEV_V2, pass device to be deleted by its ID.
|more renameat2 modes
Add support for RENAME_EXCHANGE and RENAME_WHITEOUT to renameat2 syscall. This also means that overlayfs is now supported on top of btrfs.
|balance filter updates
Conversion to data/DUP profile possible through balance filters -- on multiple-device filesystems.
mkfs.btrfs allows creating DUP on multiple devices since 4.5.1
By version (btrfs-progs)
Tarballs: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/kdave/btrfs-progs/ (announcement)
btrfs-progs 4.7 (Jul 2016)
do not use, see 4.7.2
- convert: fix creating discontig extents
- check: speed up traversing heavily reflinked extents within a file
- check: verify qgroups of higher levels
- check: repair can now fix wrong qgroup numbers
- balance: new option to run in the background
- defrag: default extent target size changed to 32MiB
- du: silently skip non-btrfs dirs/files
- documentation updates: btrfs(5), btrfs(8), balance, subvolume, scrub, filesystem, convert
- bugfixes:
- unaligned access (reported for sparc64) in raid56 parity calculations
- use /bin/bash
- other stability fixes and cleanups
- more tests
btrfs-progs 4.7.1 (Aug 2016)
do not use, see 4.7.2
- check:
- new optional mode: optimized for low memory usage (memory/io tradeoff)
- --mode=lowmem, not default, still considered experimental
- does not work with --repair yet
- convert: regression fix, ext2_subvol/image rw permissions
- mkfs/convert:
- two-staged creation, partially created filesystem will not be recognized
- improved error handling (fewer BUG_ONs)
- convert: preparation for more filesystems to convert from
- documentation updates: quota, qgroup
- other
- message updates
- more tests
- more build options, enhanced debugging
btrfs-progs 4.7.2 (Sep 2016)
- check:
- urgent fix: false report of backref mismatches; do not --repair, last unaffected version 4.6.1 (code reverted to that state)
- fuzzing and fixes
- added more sanity checks for various structures
- testing images added
- build: udev compatibility: do not install .rules on version < 190
- other:
- dump-super: do not crash on garbage value in csum_type
- minor improvements in messages and help strings
- documentation:
- filesystem features
btrfs-progs 4.7.3 (Sep 2016)
- fixed free space tree compat status
- check: low-mem mode: handle partially dropped snapshots
- dump-super: consolidate options for superblock copy
- tree-stats: check mount status
- subvol delete: handle verbosity option
- defrag: print correct error string
- mkfs: fix reading rotational status
- other:
- UBSAN build option
- documentation updates
- enhanced tests: convert, fuzzed images, more tools to run on fuzzed images
btrfs-progs 4.6 (Jun 2016)
- convert - major rewrite:
- fix a long-standing bug that led to mixing data blocks into metadata block groups
- the workaround was to do full balance after conversion, which was recommended practice anyway
- explicitly set the lowest supported version of e2fstools to 1.41
- provide and install udev rules file that addresses problems with device mapper devices, renames after removal
- send: new option: quiet
- dev usage: report slack space (device size minus filesystem area on the dev)
- image: support DUP
- build: short options to enable debugging builds
- other:
- code cleanups
- build fixes
- more tests and other enhancements
btrfs-progs 4.5 (Mar 2016)
- new/moved commands
- btrfs-show-super -> btrfs inspect-internal dump-super
- btrfs-debug-tree -> btrfs inspect-internal dump-tree
- new commands
- btrfs fi du - calculate disk usage, including shared extents
- enhancements
- device delete - delete by id (needs kernel support, not merged to 4.6)
- check - new option to specify chunk root
- debug-tree/dump-tree - option -t understands human readable name of the tree (along numerical ids)
- btrfs-debugfs - can dump block group information
- bugfixes
- all commands should accept the option separator "--"
- several fixes in device scan
- restore works on filesystems with sectorsize > 4k
- debug-tree/dump-tree - print compression type as string
- subvol sync: fix crash, memory corruption
- argument parsing fixes: subvol get-default, qgroup create/destroy/assign, inspect subvolid-resolve
- check for block device or regular file in several commands
- other
- documentation updates
- manual pages for the moved tools now point to btrfs-filesystem
- testsuite updates
btrfs-progs 4.5.1 (Mar 2016)
- mkfs: allow DUP on multi-device filesystems
- bugfixes: build fixes, assorted other fixes
btrfs-progs 4.5.2 (May 2016)
- new/moved command: btrfs-calc-stats -> btrfs inspect tree-stats
- check: fix false alert for metadata blocks crossing stripe boundary
- check: catch when qgroup numbers mismatch
- check: detect running quota rescan and report mismatches
- balance start: add safety delay before doing a full balance
- fi sync: is now silent
- fi show: don't miss filesystems with partially matching uuids
- dev ready: accept only one argument for device
- dev stats: print "devid:N" for a missing device instead of "(null)"
- other:
- lowest supported version of e2fsprogs is 1.41
- minor cleanups, test updates
btrfs-progs 4.5.3 (Mar 2016)
- ioctl: fix unaligned access in buffer from TREE_SEARCH; might cause SIGBUS on architectures that do not support unaligned access and do not performa any fixups
- improved validation checks of superblock and chunk-related structures
- subvolume sync: fix handling of -s option
- balance: adjust timing of safety delay countdown with --full-balance
- rescue super-recover: fix reversed condition check
- check: fix bytes_used accounting
- documentation updates: mount options, scrub, send, receive, select-super, check, mkfs
- testing: new fuzzed images, for superblock and chunks
btrfs-progs 4.4 (Jan 2016)
User visible changes:
- mkfs.btrfs --data dup
People asked about duplicating data on a single device for a long time. There are no technical obstacles preventing that, so it got enabled with a warning about potential dangers when the device will not do the duplicated copies. See mkfs.btrfs section DUP PROFILES ON A SINGLE DEVICE.
- support balance filters added/enhanced in linux 4.4
- usage=min..max -- enhanced to take range
- stripes=min..max -- new, filter by stripes for raid0/10/5/6
- limit=min..max -- enhanced to take range
Noe: due to backward compatibility, the range maximum for 'usage' is not inclusive as for the others, to keep the same behaviour as usage=N .
- manual pages enhanced (btrfs, mkfs, mount, filesystem, balance)
- error messages updates, rewordings -- some fstests may break due to that
- added support for free-space-tree implementation of space cache -- this requires kernel 4.5 and is not recommended for non-developers yet
- btrfs filesystem usage works with mixed blockgroups
- installation to /usr/local -- this has unintentionally changed during conversion to autotools in 3.19
- check: fix a false alert where extent record has wrong metadata flag
- improved stability on fuzzed/crafted images when reading sys array in superblock
- build: the 'ar' tool is properly deteced during cross-compilation
- debug-tree: option -t understands ids for tree root and chnuk tree
- preparatory work for btrfs-convert rewrite
- sparse, gcc warning fixes
- more memory allocation failure handling
- cleanups
- more tests
- chunk recovery: fix floating point exception
- chunk recovery: endianity bugfix during rebuild
- mkfs with 64K pages and nodesize reported superblock checksum mismatch
- check: properly reset nlink of multi-linked file
btrfs-progs 4.4.1 (Feb 2016)
- find-root: don't skip the first chunk
- free-space-tree compat bits fix
- build: target symlinks
- documentation updates
- test updates
btrfs-progs 4.3 (Nov 2015)
- mkfs
- mixed mode is not forced for filesystems smaller than 1GiB
- mixed mode broken with mismatching sectorsize and nodesize, fixed
- print version info earlier
- print devices sorted by id
- do not truncate target image with --rootsize
- fi usage:
- don't print global block reserve
- print device id
- minor output tuning
- other cleanups
- calc-size:
- div-by-zero fix on an empty filesystem
- fix crash
- bugfixes:
- more superblock sanity checks
- consistently round size of all devices down to sectorsize
- misc leak fixes
- convert: don't try to rollback with a half-deleted ext2_saved subvolume
- other:
- check: add progress indicator
- scrub: enahced error message
- show-super: read superblock from a given offset
- add README
- docs: update manual page for mkfs.btrfs, btrfstune, balance, convert and inspect-internal
- build: optional build with more warnings (W=...)
- build: better support for static checkers
- build: html output of documentation
- pretty-print: last_snapshot for root_item
- pretty-print: stripe dev uuid
- error reporting wrappers, introduced and example use
- refactor open_file_or_dir
- other docs and help updates
- testing:
- test for nodes crossing stripes
- test for broken 'subvolume sync'
- basic tests for mkfs, raid option combinations
- basic tests for fuzzed images (check)
- command intrumentation (eg valgrind)
- print commands if requested
- add README for tests
btrfs-progs 4.3.1 (Nov 2015)
- fixes
- device delete: recognize 'missing' again
- mkfs: long names are not trimmed when doing ssd check
- support partitioned loop devices
- other
- replace several mallocs with on-stack variables
- more memory allocation failure handling
- add tests for bugs fixed
- cmd-device: switch to new message printing helpers
- minor code cleanups
btrfs-progs 4.2 (Sep 2015)
- enhancements:
- mkfs: do not create extra single chunks on multiple devices
- resize: try to guess the minimal size, 'inspect min-dev-size'
- qgroup assign: add option to schedule rescan
- chunk-recover: be more verbose about the scanning process
- fixes:
- check:
- find stripes crossing stripe boundary -- created by convert
- print correct range for file hole when there are no extents and learn how to fix it
- replace: more sanity checks
- convert: concurrency fixes related to reporting progress
- find-root: option -a will not skip the current root anymore
- subvol list: fix occasional crash
- do not create stripes crossing stripe boundary
- check:
- build:
- fixes for musl libc
- preliminary support for android (not working yet, more code changes needed)
- new EXTRA_CFLAGS and EXTRA_LDFLAGS
- other:
- lots of cleanups
- tests: lots of updates, new tests, framework improvements
- documentation updates
- debugging: print-tree shows stripe length
btrfs-progs 4.2.1 (Sep 2015)
- fix an off-by-one error in cross-stripe boundary check
- if nodesize was 64k, any metadata block was reported as crossing, this leads to mkfs failure for example due to "no free blocks found"
- for other nodesizes, if the end of the metadata block was 64k aligned, it was incorrectly reported by fsck
- convert: don't write uninitialized data to image
- image:
- don't loop with option -t0
- don't create threads if compression is not requested
- other: minor cleanups
btrfs-progs 4.2.2 (Oct 2015)
- fi label: use fallback if the label ioctl is not available
- convert: check nodesize constraints against commandline features (-O)
- scrub: report status 'running' until all devices are finished
- device scanning might crash in some scenarios
- fi usage: print summary for non-root users
btrfs-progs 4.2.3 (Oct 2015)
- subvol sync: make it actually work again: it's been broken since 4.1.2, due to a reversed condition it returned immediatelly instead of waiting
- scanning: do not scan already discovered filesystems (minor optimization)
- convert: better error message in case the filesystem is not finalized
- restore: off-by-one symlink path check fix
btrfs-progs 4.1 (Jun 2015)
- bugfixes
- fsck.btrfs: no bash-isms
- bugzilla 97171: invalid memory access (with tests)
- receive:
- cloning works with --chroot
- capabilities not lost
- mkfs: do not try to register bare file images
- option --help accepted by the standalone utilities
- enhancements
- corrupt block: ability to remove csums
- mkfs:
- warn if metadata redundancy is lower than for data
- options to make the output quiet (only errors)
- mixed case names of raid profiles accepted
- rework the output:
- more comprehensive, 'key: value' format
- subvol:
- show:
- print received uuid
- update the output
- new options to specify size units
- sync: grab all deleted ids and print them as they're removed, previous implementation only checked if there are any to be deleted - change in command semantics
- show:
- scrub: print timestamps in days HMS format
- receive:
- can specify mount point, do not rely on /proc
- can work inside subvolumes
- send: new option to send stream without data (NO_FILE_DATA)
- convert: specify incompat features on the new fs
- qgroup:
- show: distinguish no limits and 0 limit value
- limit: ability to clear the limit
- help for 'btrfs' is shorter, 1st level command overview
- debug tree: print key names according to their C name
- new
- rescure zero-log
- btrfsune:
- rewrite uuid on a filesystem image
- new option to turn on NO_HOLES incompat feature
- deprecated
- standalone btrfs-zero-log
- other
- testing framework updates
- uuid rewrite test
- btrfstune feature setting test
- zero-log tests
- more testing image formats
- manual page updates
- ioctl.h synced with current kernel uapi version
- convert: preparatory works for more filesystems (reiserfs pending)
- use static buffers for path handling where possible
- add new helpers for send uilts that check memory allocations, switch all users, deprecate old helpers
- Makefile: fix build dependency generation
- map-logical: make it work again
- testing framework updates
btrfs-progs 4.1.1 (Jul 2015)
Do not use this version
- bugfixes
- defrag: threshold overflow fix
- fsck:
- check if items fit into the leaf space
- fix wrong nbytes
- mkfs:
- create only desired block groups for single device
- preparatory work for fix on multiple devices
- enhancements
- new alias for 'device delete': 'device remove'
- other
- fix compilation on old gcc (4.3)
- documentation updates
- debug-tree: print nbytes
- test: image for corrupted nbytes
- corupt-block: let it kill nbytes
btrfs-progs 4.1.2 (Jul 2015)
- urgent bugfix: mkfs creates invalid filesystem, must be recreated
btrfs-progs 4.0 (Apr 2015)
- resize:
- don't accept file as an argument (it's confusing)
- print better error message in case of an error
- restore: optionally restore metadata (time, mode, uid/gid)
- receive: optionally enforce chroot
- new rescue subcommand 'zero-log', same as btrfs-zero-log, but now also part of the main utility
- check:
- free space checks match kernel, fixes incorrect reports
- convert: fix setting of checksum bit if --no-datasum is used
- fsck.btrfs: don't print messages
- fix quota rescan on PPC64 (mangled ioctl number)
- test updates
- documentation: files renamed to .asciidoc, misc fixups
btrfs-progs 4.0.1 (May 2015)
- restore:
- can restore symlinks, new option --symlinks
- long option variants added
- convert: dropped dependency on acl.h header and libacl is not required for build
- fix for 'check' crash
- device remove error message fix
- preparatory works for fsid change
btrfs-progs 3.19 (Mar 2015)
- build converted to autotools
- btrfs-image
- restore can now run in parallel threads
- fixed restore of multiple image from multiple devices onto a single dev
- introduced metadump v2
- check: make --init-csum-tree and --init-extent-tree work together
- find-new: option to search through all metadata even if a root was already found
- convert: show progress by default, can be turned off
- corrupt-block: option to work on a specific root
- bash completion script for all subcommands
btrfs-progs 3.19.1 (Mar 2015)
- convert:
- new option to specify metadata block size
- --no-progress actually works
- restore: properly handle the page boundary corner case
- build fixes:
- missing macro from public header, BTRFS_BUILD_VERSION
- wrong handling of --enable-convert
- fi usage: reports correct space for degraded mounts
- other:
- mkfs: help string updates
- completion: added 'usage' subcommands
- cleanups in qgroup code, preparatory work
btrfs-progs 3.18 (Dec 2014)
- mkfs - skinny-metadata feature is now on by default, first introduced in kernel 3.10
- filesystem usage - give an overview of fs usage in a way that's more comprehensible than existing 'fi df'
- device usage - more detailed information about per-device allocations
- check
- option to set a different tree root byte number
- ability to link lost files to lost+found, caused by a recent kernel bug
- repair of severely corrupted fs (use with care)
- convert - option to show progress
- subvol create - print the commit mode inline, print the global mode only if --verbose
- other updates: musl-libc support, coverity bugfixes, new test images, documentation
btrfs-progs 3.18.1 (Jan 2015)
- minor fixes
- documentation updates
btrfs-progs 3.18.2 (Jan 2015)
- qgroup show: print human readable sizes, options to say otherwise
- check: new option to explicitly say no to writes
- mkfs: message about trimming is not printed to stderr
- fi show: fixed return value
- tests: new infrastructure
- btrfstune: force flag can be used together with seeding option
- backtrace support is back
- getopt cleanups
- doc and help updates
btrfs-progs 3.17 (Oct 2014)
- check: --init-csum-tree actually does something useful, rebuilds the whole csum tree
- /dev scanning for btrfs devices is gone
- /proc/partitions scanning is gone, blkid is used exclusively
- new subcommand subvolume sync
- filesystem df: new options to set unit format
- convert: allow to copy label from the origin, or specify a new one
btrfs-progs 3.17.1 (Nov 2014)
- fi df: argument handling
- fix linking with libbtrfs
- replace: better error reporting
- fi show: fixed stall if run concurrently with balance
- check: fixed argument parsing for --subvol-extents
- fi df: SI prefixes corrected
btrfs-progs 3.17.2 (Nov 2014)
- check improvements
- add ability to replace missing dir item/dir indexes
- fix missing inode items
- create missing root dirid
- corrupt block: enhancements for testing fsck
- zero-log: able to reset a fs with bogus log tree pointer (bug 72151)
btrfs-progs 3.17.3 (Dec 2014)
- convert: fix conversion of sparse ext* filesystems
- show: resolve to the correct path
- fsck: more verbose error for root dir problems
btrfs-progs 3.16 (Aug 2014)
- mkfs: new option to specify UUID, drop experimental notice
- check: new option to verify quotas, reduced memory requirements, new option to print extent sharing
- restore: check length before decompression, more error handling, option to loop during restoring
- balance: new filter 'limit'
- recover: allow to read all sb copies
- btrfstune: new option to force dangerous changes
- receive: new option to limit number of errors
- show-super: skip unrecognized sb, add option to force
- debug-tree: print tree by id
- documentation updates
btrfs-progs 3.16.1 (Sep 2014)
- print GlobalReserve in fi df output
- new option -R in subvol list
- library version defines
- static build is fixed
- build without documentation is possible
btrfs-progs 3.16.2 (Oct 2014)
- a few fixes in fsck and image tools
btrfs-progs 3.14 (Apr 2014)
- fsck: fixes and enhancements to --init-extent-tree mode
- fsck: chunk-recover updates
- scrub: add force option -f
- send: check if subvolumes are read-only
- subvol delete: add options to affect commit behaviour
- btrfs: add property command group
- restore: add dry-run option
- restore: fix restoring of compressed files
- mkfs: support for no-holes feature
- mkfs: option -r deals with hardlinks and relative paths
- mkfs: discard phase is interruptible
- documentation updates
btrfs-progs 3.14.1 (Apr 2014)
- properties: fix handling of option -t
- restore: fix reading of compressed extents
- minor code and doc updates
btrfs-progs 3.14.2 (May 2014)
- documentation is now written in asciidoc and there are manpages for each subcommand
- misc bugfixes
btrfs-progs 3.12 (Nov 2013)
- announcement, tarballs
- first release after 0.19 (2009/06) with a lot of changes
By version (linux kernel)
v4.7 (Jul 2016)
- allow balancing to dup with multi-device
- device deletion by id (additionally to by path)
- renameat2: add support for RENAME_EXCHANGE and RENAME_WHITEOUT
- enhanced selftests
- more preparatory work for "blocksize < page size"
- more validation checks of superblock (discovered by fuzzing)
- advertise which crc32c implementation is being used at module load
- fixed space report by df with mixed block groups
- log replay fixes
- device replace fixes
v4.6 (May 2016)
- mount options:
- usebackuproot - replace 'recovery' (works but is deprecated)
- logreplay, nologreplay - disable log replay at mount time, does no writes to the device
- norecovery - synthetic option to disable recovery at mount time and disable writes (now does: nologreplay)
- default inline limit is now 2048 (instead of page size, usually 4096)
- /dev/btrfs-control now understands the GET_SUPPORTE_FEATURES ioctl
- get rid of harmless message "could not find root %llu"
- preparatory work for subpage-blocksize patchset
- fix bug when using overlayfs
- fixes in readahead, log replay, fsync, and more
v4.5 (Mar 2016)
- free space cache v2: an incompat feature to track the free space cache as a b-tree
- balance:
- '-dconvert=dup' supported
- continue but warn if metadata have lower redundancy than data
- fixes:
- trim does not overwrite bootloader area (introduced in 4.3, fixed in 4.4.x stable kernels)
- assorted bugfixes, improvements or cleanups
v4.4 (Jan 2016)
- send fixes: cloning, sending with parent
- improved handling of framgented space using bitmaps
- new mount option for debugging: fragment=data|metadata|all
- updated balance filters: limit, stripes, usage
- more bugfixes and cleanups
v4.3 (Nov 2015)
- fix raid56 rebuild with missing device
- discard ioctl will return the number of bytes
- more bugfixes and cleanups
v4.2 (Aug 2015)
- enhancements
- transaction abort now reports the caller, not the helper function
- INO_LOOKUP ioctl: unprivileged if used to just get the rootid (aka. subvolume id)
- unified subvol= and subvolid= mounting, show the mounted subvol in mount options; also, /proc/self/mountinfo now always correctly shows the mounted subvolume
- reworked internal qgroup logic
- send: use received_uuid of parent during send
- sysfs: preparatory works for exporting more stats about devices
- deduplication on the same inode works
- deduplication does not change mtime/ctime
- fixes:
- in send: cloning, renames, orphans,
- few more ENOSPC fixes in case of block group creation/removal
- fix hang during inode eviction due to concurrent readahead
- EXTENT_SAME ioctl: handle unaligned length
- more fixes around automatic block group removal
- deadlock with EXTENT_SAME and readahead
- for feature NO_HOLES: fsync, truncate
v4.1 (Jun 2015)
- fixes
- regression in chunk removal, conversion to raid1 possible again
- log tree corruption fix with -o discard mount
- bare xattr namespace attribute is not accepted
- orphan cleanup is started for implicitly mounted default subvolume
- send fixes
- cloning within same file
- EXTENT_SAME ioctl infinite loop fix
- avoid more ENOSPC in delayed-iput context
- a few ENOMEM fixes
- automatic empty block group removal fixups
- speedups
- large file deletion: run delayed refs more often
- large file deletion: don't build up too much work from crc
- transaction commit latency improved
- block group cache writeout
- qgroup:
- limits are shared upon snapshot
- allow to remove qgroup which has parent but no child
- fix status of qgroup consistency after rescan
- fix quota status bits after dsiabling
- mark qgroups inconsistent after assign/delete actions
- code cleanups
v4.0 (Apr 2015)
- file creation time is stored (no easy interface to read it yet)
- fsync and log replay fixes
- lots of cleanups and other fixes
v3.19 (Feb 2015)
- raid56 supports scrub and device replace
v3.18 (Dec 2014)
v3.17 (Oct 2014)
- fix for the infamous deadlock [1]
- fixed longstanding bug in qgroups accounting after snapshot deletion [2]
- updated (less inaccurate) df numbers [3]
- speedup for rename and truncate, less strict flushes [4]
- updated and fixes to the seeding feature
v3.16 (Aug 2014)
- O_TMPFILE support [5]
- reworked qgroup accounting, to fix negative numbers after subvol deletion
- SEARCH_TREE ioctl v2, extended for retrieving more data [6]
- new balance filter limit for more finegrained balancing [7]
- ioctl FS_INFO and it's sysfs counterpart export information about nodesize, sectorsize and clone_alignment
- snapshots are protected during send
v3.15 (Jun 2014)
- pile of send fixes (stability, speed)
- worker threads now use kernel workqueues
v3.14 (Mar 2014)
- optional incompat disk format improvement aiming at speedup, removing file hole representation, named no-holes
- ioctl to query/change feature bits (e.g. switching on extended refs on-line now possible)
- export filesystem info through sysfs: features, allocation profiles
- added pairing mount options (for remount)
- heap of small performance optimizations
- snapshot-aware defrag was disabled due to problems
v3.13 (Jan 2014)
- fiemap exports information about shared extents
- bugfix and stability foucsed release
v3.12 (Nov 2013)
- Major performance improvement for send/receive with large numbers of subvolumes
- Support for batch deduplication (userspace tools required)
- new mount option commit to set the commit interval
- Lots of stability and bugfix patches
v3.11 (Sep 2013)
- extent cloning within one file
- ioctl to wait for quota rescan completion
- device deletion returns error code to userspace (not in syslog anymore)
- usual load of small fixes and improvements
v3.10 (Jun 2013)
- reduced size of metadata by so-called skinny extents [8]
- enhanced syslog message format [9]
- the mount option subvolrootid is deprecated
- lots of stability improvements, removed many BUG_ONs
- qgroups are automatically created when quotas are enabled [10]
- qgroups are able to rescan current filesystem and sync the quota state with the existing subvolumes
- enhanced send/recv format for multiplexing more data into one stream [11]
- various unsorted code cleanups, minor performance updates
v3.9 (Apr 2013)
- preliminary Raid 5/6 support (details in the announcement)
- snapshot-aware defrag
- a mode of send to avoid transferring file data
- direct IO speedup (numbers)
- new ioctls to set/get filesystem label
- defrag is cancellable
v3.8 (Feb 2013)
- ability to replace devices at runtime in an effective way (description)
- speed improvements (cumulative effect of many small improvements)
- a few more bugfixes
v3.7 (Dec 2012)
- fsync speedups
- removed limitation of number of hardlinks in a single directory
- file hole punching (LWN article)
- per-file NOCOW
- fixes to send/receive
v3.6 (Sep 2012)
- subvolume-aware quotas (qgroups)
- support for send/receive between snapshot changes (LWN article)
- atime is not updated on read-only snapshots (LWN article)
- allowed cross-subvolume file clone (aka. reflink)
- remount with no compression possible
- new ioctl to read device readiness status
- speed improvement for concurrent multithreaded reads
v3.5 (Jun 2012)
- collect device statistics (read/write failures, checksum errors, corrupted blocks)
- integrity checker (3.3+) supports bigblocks (3.4+)
- more friendly NFS support (native i_version)
- thread_pool mount option tunable via remount
- fsync speed improvements
- several fixes related to read-only mounts
- scrub thread priority lowered to idle
- preparatory works for 3.6 features (tree_mod_log)
v3.4 (May 2012)
- Allow metadata blocks larger than the page size (4K). This allows metadata blocks up to 64KB in size. In practice 16K and 32K seem to work best. For workloads with lots of metadata, this cuts down the size of the extent allocation tree dramatically and fragments much less. (Chris Mason)
- Improved error handling (IO errors). This gives Btrfs the ability to abort transactions and go read-only on errors other than internal logic errors and ENOMEM more gracefully instead of crashing. (Jeff Mahoney)
- Reworked the way in which metadata interacts with the page cache. page->private now points to the btrfs extent_buffer object, which makes everything faster. The code was changed so it now writes a whole extent buffer at a time instead of allowing individual pages to go down. It is now more aggressive about dropping pages for metadata blocks that were freed due to COW. Overall, metadata caching is much faster now. (Josef Bacik)
v3.3 (Mar 2012)
- restriper - infrastructure to change btrfs raid profiles on the fly via balance
- optional integrity checker infrastructure (details)
- fixed a few corner cases where TRIM did not process some blocks
- cluster allocator improvements (less fragmentation, some speedups)
v3.2 (Jan 2012)
- Log of past roots to aid recovery (option recovery)
- Subvolumes mountable by full path
- Added nospace_cache option
- Lots of space accounting fixes
- Improved scrub performance thanks to new read-ahead infrastructure
- Scrub prints paths of corrupted files
- ioctl for resolving logical->inode and inode->path
- Integrated raid-repair (if possible)
- Data corruption fix for parallel snapshot creation
- Write barriers for multiple devices were fixed to be more resistant in case of power failure
v3.1 (Oct 2011)
- Stability fixes (lots of them, really), notably fixing early ENOSPC, improved handling of a few error paths and corner cases, fix for the crash during log replay.
v3.0 (Jul 2011)
- Filesystem scrub
- Auto-defragmentation (autodefrag mount option)
- Improved block allocator
- Sped up file creation/deletion by delayed operation
v2.6.39 (May 2011)
Per-file compression and NOCOW control. Support for bulk TRIM on SSDs.
v2.6.38 (March 2011)
Added LZO compression method, FIEMAP bugfixes with delalloc, subvol flags get/set ioctl, allow compression during defrag.
v2.6.37 (January 2011)
On-disk free space cache, asynchronous snapshots, unprivileged subvolume deletion, extent buffer switches from a rbtree with spinlocks to a radix tree with RCU. (Explanations of these features are described in this article [registration needed]).
v2.6.35 (August 2010)
Direct I/O support and -ENOSPC handling of volume management operations, completing the -ENOSPC support.
v2.6.34 (May 2010)
Support for changing the default subvolume, a new userspace tool (btrfs), an ioctl that lists all subvolumes, an ioctl to allow improved df math, and other improvements.
v2.6.33 (February 2010)
Some minor -ENOSPC improvements.
v2.6.32 (December 2009)
Btrfs has not had serious -ENOSPC ("no space") handling, the COW oriented design makes handling such situations more difficult than filesystems that just rewrite the blocks. In this release Josef Bacik (Red Hat) has added the necessary infrastructure to fix that problem. Note: The filesystem may run out of space and still show some free space. That space comes from a data/metadata chunk that can't get filled because there's not space left to create its metadata/data counterpart chunk. This is unrelated to the -ENOSPC handling and will be fixed in the future. Code: (commit)
Proper snapshot and subvolume deletion
In the last btrfs-progs version you have options that allow to delete snapshots and subvolumes without having to use rm. This is much faster because it does the deletion via btree walking. It's also now possible to rename snapshots and subvols. Work done by Yan Zheng (Oracle). Code: (commit 1), 2)
Performance improvements
Streaming writes on very fast hardware were previously CPU bound at around 400MB/s. Chris Mason (Oracle) has improved the code so that now it can push over 1GB/s while using the same CPU as XFS (factoring out checksums). There are also improvements for writing large portions of extents, and other workloads. Multidevice setups are also much faster due to the per-BDI writeback changes. The performance of fsync() was greatly improved, which fixed a severe slowdown while using yum in Fedora 11.
Support for "discard" operation on SSD devices
"Discard" support is a way to telling SSD devices which blocks are free so that the underlying firmware knows that it's safe to do some optimizations (commit), (commit)
v0.19 (June 2009)
v0.19 is a forward rolling format change, which means that it can read the v0.18 disk format but older kernels and older btrfs-progs code will not be able to read filesystems created with v0.19. The new code changes the way that extent back references are recorded, making them significantly more efficient. In general, v0.19 is a dramatic speed improvement over v0.18 in almost every workload.
The v0.19 utilities are meant for use with kernels 2.6.31-rc1 and higher. Git trees are available with the new format code for 2.6.30 kernels, please see the download section for details.
If you do not wish to roll forward to the new disk format, use the v0.18 utilities.
v0.18 (January 2009)
v0.18 has the same disk format as 0.17, but a bug was found in the ioctl interface shared between 32 bit and 64 bit programs. This was fixed by changing the ioctl interface. Anyone using 2.6.29-rc2 will need to update to v0.18 of the btrfs progs.
There is no need to reformat though, the disk format is still compatible.
v0.17 (January 2009)
Btrfs is now in 2.6.29-rc1!
v0.17 has a new disk format since v0.16. Future releases will try to maintain backwards compatibility with this new format.
Transparent zlib compression of file data is enabled by mount -o compress.
Improved block allocation routines (Josef Bacik)
Many performance problems in the allocator are addressed in this release
Improved block sharing while moving extents (Yan Zheng)
The btrfs-vol commands to add, remove and balance space across devices triggers a COW of metadata and data blocks. This release is much better at maintaining shared blocks between snapshots when that COW happens.
Seed Device support
It is now possible to create a filesystem to seed other Btrfs filesystems. The original filesystem and devices are included as a readonly starting point to the new FS. All modifications go onto different devices and the COW machinery makes sure the original is unchanged.
Many bug fixes and performance improvements
v0.16 (August 2008)
v0.16 does change the disk format from v0.15, and it includes a long list of performance and stability updates.
Fine grained Btree locking
Locking is now done in a top down fashion while searching the btree, and higher level locks are freed when they are no longer required. Extent allocations still have a coarse grained lock, but that will be improved in the next release.
Improved data=ordered
Ordered data mode loosely means any system that prevents garbage or stale data blocks after a crash. It was previously implemented the same way ext3 does it, which is to force pending data writes down before a transaction commits.
The data=ordered code was changed to only modify metadata in the btree after data extents are fully written on disk. This allows a transaction commit to proceed without waiting for all the data writes on the FS to finish.
A single fsync or synchronous write no longer forces all the dirty data on the FS to disk, as it does in ext3 and reiserfsv3.
Although it is not implemented yet, the new data=ordered code would allow atomic writes of almost any size to a single file to be exported to userland.
ACL support (Josef Bacik)
ACLs are implemented and enabled by default.
Lost file prevention (Josef Bacik)
The VFS and posix APIs force filesystems allow files to be unlinked from a directory before they are deleted from the FS. If the system crashes between the unlink and the deletion, the file is still consuming space on disk, but not listed in any directory.
Btrfs now tracks these files and makes sure they are reclaimed if the system crashes before they are fully deleted.
New directory index format (Josef Bacik)
Btrfs indexes directories in two ways. The first index allows fast name lookups, and the second is optimized to return inodes in something close to disk order for readdir. The second index is an important part of good performance for full filesystem backups.
A per-directory sequence number is now used for the second index, removing some worst case conditions around files that are hard linked into the same directory many times.
Faster unmount times (Yan Zheng)
Btrfs waits for old transactions to be completely removed from the FS before unmount finishes. A new reference count cache was added to make this much less IO intensive, improving FS performance in all workloads.
Improved streaming reads and writes
The new data=ordered code makes streaming writes much faster. Streaming reads are improved by tuning the thread pools used to process data checksums after the read is done. On machines with sufficient CPU power to keep up with the disks, data checksumming is able to run as fast as nodatasum mounts.
v0.15 (May 29, 2008)
- Metadata back references
- Online growing and shrinking
- Conversion program from Ext3
- data=ordered support
- COW-free data writes.
- focus on stability fixes for the multiple device code
v0.14 (April 30, 2008)
- Support for multiple devices
- raid0, raid1 and raid10, single spindle metadata duplication
v0.13 and older
- Copy on write FS
- Checksumming
- Transactions
- Snapshotting
- Subvolumes


text:
"Ever since my freshman year I went to the campus," said Herring. "I've always just loved it out there, the campus, the school, the environment and everything BYU has to offer. I love the football program and the values they have, so it's always been a dream of mine to one day play at BYU. Then getting the offer from Coach Mendenhall after Junior Day was really special to me."
Herring planned on returning home to Arizona to talk to his family about his BYU offer. Instead of waiting that long, an excited Herring called his father on Friday and let him know that he had a surprise for him.
"I thought about it and called my dad on the phone and we talked about it," Herring said. "We just decided that committing to BYU would be the best decision for me as far as choosing a school, so I didn't wait and decided to commit to Coach Mendenhall later that night."
With it being his father's birthday, Herring thought this would be a great birthday gift for him.
"My dad was jumping up and down," said Herring while laughing. "We were on the phone so I couldn't see him, but I could tell by his voice and could hear that he was jumping up and down. He was super excited. After he got excited he got mad at me because I didn't commit on the spot. My mom is also just super excited for me as well."
Herring had been anticipating a potential offer from both Arizona State and Air Force, but that was no longer important to him. Despite growing up an Arizona State fan, he chose to commit to BYU.
"BYU is better than those schools," Herring said. "BYU offers far more than those colleges by far. Coach Mendenhall, when he was talking to us, gave us a PowerPoint presentation where he laid it all out beautifully. He had it where one of the first bullet points was growing spiritually, academically, then athletically. So, at BYU they focus on your character as much if not more than football. They want you to succeed in all areas of life and not just on the football field."
The decision to commit to Coach Mendenhall was an easy one for Herring.
"I called Coach Mendenhall and he said, 'Oh, how are you?' I just told him that I wanted to come up and play football for him up at BYU. We then talked about when he offered me the scholarship and we laughed because I was so nervous not expecting that at all. We laughed about that and it was a lot of fun talking to Coach Mendenhall. He was happy that I decided to commit to him."
In the meantime, Herring is going to continue to work on developing his athleticism while performing well in the classroom.
"My goals are to continue working to get faster and drop my forty time," he said. "I want to continue to get bigger and stronger while working on my academics so those things will be the least of my worries when I get to BYU."
With a BYU scholarship wrapped up, Herring knows the road he'll travel over the next seven or so years.
"I'm going to serve a mission right out of high school and then go to BYU. I'm just super excited and relieved," said Herring. "When anyone asks me what I'm going to do after high school, I can just tell them I have a football scholarship and I'm going to play football for BYU! It's just a wonderful opportunity for me to get a great education and play football all across the nation. It's the best of both worlds."


text:
This Week in Transparency: Release of Records, Classification Reviews, and Court Relief
FAA Releases Thousands of Pages of Drone Records to EFF
In response to EFF's Freedom of Information Act lawsuit, which has already uncovered the list of all entities licensed to fly domestic drones, last week, the FAA released the certificates of authorization and other records related to those authorizations for 18 state and federal agencies flying drones, totaling thousands of pages of newly uncovered records.
The newest batch of FAA documents mainly address safety issues with drone flights, but spur many unanswered questions about the privacy implications of drones. EFF continues to look through the documents and will report on them shortly.
Review of Classification System Yields Elimination of Over 400 Classification Guides
After a two-year review of the classification system ordered by President Obama, the Pentagon finally released a published report. The report reveals that the Department of Defense (DOD) eliminated 413 of its 2,070 classification guides. The guides are intended to provide classification instructions for programs and issue areas. The Navy, the department with the largest number of classification guides at 988, eliminated close to 250. Despite the elimination, there are still over 1,600 guides at the DOD that mandate when to classify and redact information. The elimination helps streamline classification, but the sheer number of guides provides further evidence for the argument that government processes encourage the routine overclassification of documents.
Drake's Attorneys Support Relief From Protective Order
Last week we reported on a government response to a motion filed by Thomas Drake's attorneys in which the government argued that an expert witness, J. William Leonard, Bush's former classification czar, must file a FOIA request in order to speak publicly about the contents of a now declassified email he viewed and spoke about while serving as an expert witness in the case. Leonard wants to be lifted from the order so that he can discuss the contents of the email as a classic example of overclassification. In their response to the government, Drake's attorneys argued that even if Leonard were to receive the document via a FOIA request, he must still be relieved from the court protective order to discuss the contents of the email. The lawyers also noted that the government has not only already declassified the email, but also admitted to having a public-ready version of the email. With both briefs filed, the decision is left up to the court and should be ruled on shortly.
Congressional Push to Look Into Cell Phone Requests
After it was revealed that law enforcement agencies demanded cell phone data, including text messages, caller location, and other information 1.3 million times from service providers, House Democrats are pushing for a hearing on whether consumer privacy is being adequately protected by law enforcement officials and wireless carriers. The letter (PDF) urges Republicans to hold a hearing and notes how phone companies profit off the demands because they charge law enforcement for each request. EFF has consistently warned about the potential abuse of such demands.
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text:
Hand out these pirate swords and let everyone feel like a real pirate!
Our Foam Pirate Scimitar is a realistic looking pirate sword with a skull pirate pattern on the blade. The foam pirate scimitar is a complete 18 inches long. Battling pirates can safely duel with these curved-blade foam swords. Handle of sword will come to you in either blue or red.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (email@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
Reviewed by 2 customers
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This is a great product. My soon to be three year old plays hard with them and they are very durable.love them. Great design too.
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These are perfect for a pirate party with young children. These are soft so when kids were playing with them at the party I didn't have to worry about anyone getting hurt as with plastic ones.Great idea!


text:
FloW Mastering is
the mastering branch of WOLF
STUDIOS one
of London's longest established independent studios, and home
to Mixing and Mastering Engineer DOMINIQUE
quality, top equipment, affordable prices and years of experience
keep our clients coming back - and Dominique's unique
mix of care and meticulous attention to detail means he is
constantly referred to others in the business.
years ago, mastering was an extension of Dominique's
mixing work. Nowadays, mastering makes up a significant part
of the work we do at Wolf, to the point that we have opened
floW, our dedicated mastering service.
to book:
If you are interested in taking advantage
of our online mastering rates, please send us an email
and we will contact you with a timescale and prices.
Or just follow these two simple steps:
- Send the tracks to master (preferably 24 bit Wav files)
using Wetransfer or
similar file transfer service
- Pay for the mastering online by Paypal or card on our "PRICES" page
you are welcome to attend your session, but as attended sessions
generally take longer, they are strictly charged by the hour.
Please contact us for a quote.
can create Red Book P&Q CD Masters (PMCD) with CD-Text & ISRC
codes, DDP, Vinyl Pre-Masters ready for cutting, Enhanced
Audio CDs, as well as MP3s optimised for digital distribution.
also provide tape restoration, tape baking and transfers
from 1/4", 1/2" and 2" tape formats, Dat,
Sony PCM F1 (Betamax), Mini-Disk, ADAT, Tascam DA-88 as well
as vinyl.
FloW Mastering
83 Brixton Water
London SW2 1PH, UK
+44 (0)20 7733 8088
email: email@example.com


text:
27 years of experience
2002 Holcombe Blvd
Houston, TX 77030 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Helene Henson:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Write a Review
Prepare before visiting Dr. Henson
Autism Patient Education Vitals patient guide for information about autism, and symptoms of autistic children such as communication, social and routine behavior problems.Before Visiting Dr. Henson Learn More
Specialties & Research
Dr. Helene Henson, MD is board certified in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.
Education & Awards
Dr. Henson graduated from The University of Texas at Houston.
Dr. Henson has 2 hospital affiliations:
- Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Vamc Houston
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Helene Kosieracki Henson MD is a female Physical Medicine/Rehab Specialist, has 27 years of experience and practices in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.
- Where does Dr. Helene K. Henson practice?
- Dr. Helene Henson has 1 office location.
Dr. Helene Henson practices Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation near Houston, TX.
See Houston Physiatrists.


text:
Vale's board is set to discuss the sale of two key assets at a meeting this Thursday.
Oil is the biggest beneficiary of Fed inaction and the subsequent dollar weakness.
Vale stock was higher on Wednesday as the company reportedly nears the sale of 75% of its fertilizers unit.
A surge in coal prices may stifle demand from Chinese steel producers, which are being counted on to mop up as much as 50 million tons of new iron ore.


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Let's be clear: There's no improving on the video for Jay-Z and Kanye's "Niggas in Paris." It comes with a warning for epileptics, for heaven's sake. And we're willing to admit feeling skeptical about Yasiin Bey — the name recently adopted by rapper-actor Mos Def — making a "conscious" version of the song, calling it "Niggas in Poorest," and setting it to subtitled clips of Malcolm X and Occupy protesters. Why take a delirious celebration and attempt to make a lesson out of it? In places, though, the spoof's actually funny ("Who the fuck is Margiela?"), and it's tough to argue with the parts that are dead serious — child soldiers are indeed bad. But tacking Obama on a gallery of throne-warmers like Bernie Madoff and Saddam Hussein? Pointlessly provocative is about the nicest way we could describe that.
Provocation is clearly the point of Odd Future's amazing video for "Rella." There's not much to make sense of here, though of course you could debate the appropriateness of showing a woman being slapped across the face — or her transforming from a black woman to a light-skinned Asian, for that matter. (For what it's worth — not much, really — men get slapped, too. At least the redheaded boy doesn't get shot.) We're willing to bet, though, that Odd Future wish they'd thought to include child soldiers.
"Niggas in Poorest"


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Team Cotto: Weight Was Breaking Point in Pacquiao Talks
By Rick Reeno
Gaby Penagaricano, the legal adviser to WBA junior middleweight champion Miguel Cotto, spoke to BoxingScene.com about the issue of weight - which in the end was the breaking point in a possible rematch with Manny Pacquiao. On Wednesday, Floyd Mayweather Jr. officially announced that he was fighting Cotto on May 5th at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.
Mayweather, unlike Pacquiao, was willing to fight Cotto at the full junior middleweight limit.
"Mayweather agreed, from the first day of negotiations, to go up to 154. That was never an issue," Penagaricano told BoxingScene.com.
However, Pacquiao, who wanted to face Cotto on June 9th, also at the MGM Grand, was demanding the rematch take place at the welterweight limit of 147. Back in 2009, Cotto fought Pacquiao at a catch-weight of 145-pounds.
However, the situation was much different this time around. Cotto's promotional contract with Top Rank expired on December 31st. Because of his free agent status, he was able to freely negotiate for any possible fight. And because he was being pursued for a May date by Mayweather, there was no reason for Cotto to accept anything that made him feel uncomfortable.
"We had a good meeting in Las Vegas [to discuss a Pacquiao rematch], but the weight was an issue. I don't think we got that far ahead in the negotiations, mainly because of the weight," Penagaricano said.
"The situation was different [back then], in 2009, when he agreed to come down to 145. Today, the situation is much different. The overall situation [this time around] was very different. If [the rematch] happened....great, but he didn't need it."
In a recent interview with BoxingScene, Pacquiao's adviser, Michael Koncz, said a catch-weight of 148 would have likely been accepted to finalize the rematch .
Cotto, however, was not going to accept anything below 150-pounds.
"It would have absolutely not mattered. Miguel would have never fought at 148," Penagaricano said.
Should Cotto prevail on May 5th, the next obvious target is Pacquiao - provided the Filipino star is victorious in June - with Timothy Bradley as the probable opponent. Last December, Cotto avenged one of the two losses on his record, when he stopped Antonio Margarito at New York's Madison Square Garden. If he gets past Mayweather, Cotto would like to avenge his remaining blemish, a twelfth round TKO loss to Pacquiao.
"Yeah, that would be beautiful. Everybody would like to see that," Penagaricano said.
Floyd Mayweather is not infallible. Even he makes mistakes sometimes. Cotto will tag him hard, same way Vic caught him in the 4th before the headbutt incident. Floyd can't take away Miguel's jab either, or his affinity for body shots.…Comment by EdMon917 on 02-04-2012
It wouldn't be a good idea to use another catchweight against Pacquiao and below the weight class he has been at for some time now. 150-152 would have been fine.Comment by The Surgeon on 02-04-2012
[QUOTE=check hook;11743131]good assessment. He's going to tap Cotto's chin over and over again. Cotto has shown he can be wobbled throughout his career if you catch him clean on the button, and Floyd certainly will.[/QUOTE] As a Cotto fan im…Comment by check hook on 02-04-2012
[QUOTE=Hi-Dro;11740882][B]Mayweather can crack.[/B] He's not a Maidana type puncher, but he will hurt you with his punches and make u think twice. [B]May CAN and WILL hurt Cotto. [/B] Most people don't know sh1t about boxing homie[/QUOTE] good assessment. He's…Comment by The Surgeon on 02-04-2012
This Mayweather fight is Massive and a legit fight, Floyd is favoured heavy and he deserves to be. Its a two horse race as i see it though, Cotto has a good trainer with him, is accustomed to the weight…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (104)


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Holstein, Iowa School Seventh Graders 1927
- Iowa |
- Holstein IA |
- Ida Co IA |
- Schools |
- Holstein IA High School |
- Holstein IA High School 1927 Yearbook |
- Buckley |
- Wood |
- Miller |
- Putnam |
- Hunt |
- Hansen |
- Watts |
- Barnard |
- Carnes |
- Agnew |
- Wiese |
- Kuchel |
- Jackes |
- McCrea |
- Munz |
- Indorf |
- Bochmann |
- Roehlik |
- Ehrp |
- Satin |
- Borehert |
- Schmoldt |
- Wilcke |
- Bumann
The Class of 1932 when they were seventh graders.
First row: E. Bochmann D,. Hunt, H. Roehlk, D. Carnes, M. Hansen, J. Putnam
Second row: W. Jackes, K. McCrea, L. Hansen, M. Agnew, E. Kuchel, A. Wiese
Third row: O. Barnard, R. Munz, B. Buckley, D. Ehrp, N. Satin, D. Borehert
Back row: C. Wood, M. Watts, L. Schmoldt, K. Miller, E. Indorf, F. Wilcke, B. Bumann
Photo from the 1927 Moo Yearbook of Holstein High School.
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