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The average U.S. price of a gallon of gasoline has dropped 14 cents over the past two weeks.
The Lundberg Survey of fuel prices released Sunday says the price of a gallon of regular is $3.38. Midgrade costs an average of $3.58 a gallon, and premium is $3.71.
In Omaha, the price of a gallon of regular dropped to $2.99 Tuesday afternoon.


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"Design flaw, but great concept"
Dr Lansdell
12 April 2016
The bread board was bought a few years ago, works well and catches many of the crumbs generated. However, the 2 supports for the slats each consisted of 2 sections and were not made from single pieces of wood. The join in the support parted and the slats above broke when honey was being spread on a slice of toast that was resting on the board - not exactly heavy pressure being applied. Disappointed with the design flaw as otherwise a great product. Now we need to look for a replacement as it is beyond repair.
A note from the team
We appreciate your feedback and your comments will be passed to the buying team. I'll be in touch shortly.

subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON - The Flyers keep stressing there's no need to rush into a decision between goalies Martin Biron and Antero Niittymaki.
With the 24 games remaining in the regular season, coach John Stevens still seems to be waiting for one of the two netminders to get hot enough to lay clear claim to the job.
And that might not be such a bad idea assuming Biron or Niittymaki has a spark inside that's going to take their game to another level.


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Berna Multi Clamps
This unique clamping tool can be used with one hand to set delicate objects without risk of damage. A pair of clear, 4" polycarbonate "jaws" are attached to a highly rigid carbon fiber composite rod. The soft, heat resistant, silicone ... read more
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Conservation Work Station NEW
The Conservation Work Station comes to us from our European partner, PEL (Preservation Equipment Ltd.) This compact piece of equipment combines the elements of a temperature controlled conservation spatula system with a hot air tool with adjustable fan speed and ... read more
Conservation Work Trays
Quality, heavy weight, high impact polyethylene plastic trays for a variety of conservation uses. Excellent for bleaching or deacidification by immersion. These trays are solid white, seamless, and possess a corrosion resistant surface. The handy pouring corner is useful for ... read more
Dahlia Sprayer
The finest hand sprayer available, imported from Japan, and used to produce an ultra fine mist of water, solvents, and other liquids. These sprayers are useful for humidification and many other applications. Manufactured from chrome plated brass. Stocked in two ... read more
Data Logging Video Borescope System
Perfect for pest and mold identification as well as general inspection of objects! This portable, handheld, complete borescope system features a 3.5" color monitor and still camera or video recording. Four white LED lights inside the probe tip illuminate ... read more
Daylight Simulation Bulbs
In addition to revealing true color (especially important for textile, painting and ceramic conservation), these bulbs create a natural and healthy indoor environment by reducing glare and eyestrain, and simulating natural sunlight. Fits most standard light bulb fixtures. Price each.
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These drill gauges allow you to determine the appropriate drill bit size for your project. Simply use the gauge to size the brass stem of the mount prior to installation. For a tight fit, choose a drill bit one size ... read more
Drying Rack
This all-steel rack includes a heavy-duty angle base, exclusive tray-lock system for supporting trays in up position, and 2 rubber spacers on each tray. Very sturdy and maintenance free, the rack consists of 40 trays and measures 45.5" H with ... read more
Happy Eyes Desk and Floor Lamps
Bring the benefits of natural daylight indoors with Happy Eyes Desk and Floor Lamps. These lamps produce glare-free light for ''indoor sunlight'' wherever you need it. The energy efficient bulb produces flicker-free, instant on, bright white light that shows true ... read more
Iron Gall Ink Test Paper
Developed by the Conservation Research Department at the Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage in context of their extensive research into iron gall ink corrosion. This non-bleeding iron test paper has been developed as a simple and quick method to detect ... read more
Japanese Horsehair Strainer
An ideal tool used to strain paste after cooking, especially following storage and re-cooking. Removes any lumps or foreign matter creating a smooth, consistent paste. Manufactured from top quality natural materials. Horsehair mesh, 8'' diameter.
Materials Testing Kit
Environmental acids are a danger to any collection. This kit provides information and supplies to aid in the testing of construction materials. The Materials Testing Kit includes 24 glass jars, acid detection strips, tweezers, silver coupons, lead coupons, aluminum foil, ... read more
Plastic Syringes
For both manual and pneumatic usage, the kit contains one 6cc and one 35cc syringe along with five different tips. These dispensing syringes are ideal for small or large applications of adhesives, paste resins and many other materials. The barrels ... read more
Preservation Pencil
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This unique material is provided as either 100% polyester for use in leaf casting and paper infill machines or 100% polypropylene ideal for suction tables. The 100% polyester fabric can be used for backing, interleaving, as a support for parchment ... read more
Solvent Dispensers
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Stainless Steel Conservation Work Trays
Heavy duty, stainless steel work trays are corrosion resistant and feature a seamless, curved corner design. Unlimited uses in the conservation lab. Price each.
Now you can replace hand held steamers with these safe, economical built-to-last commercial models. Compact and light-weight steamers roll on casters for easy handling. Removable hanging rod holds steam head. High impact steam head and handle remain cool to the ... read more
Thermo Impulse Bag Sealer
Create your own air and water tight protective gags and pouches in just seconds with this Thermo Impulse Bag Sealer. Just place the film between the seal bars, press and release. It's a quick and easy way to protect valuable ... read more


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With college football season a month in and summer turning into fall, it can only mean one thing: College basketball is just around the corner.
FSU will turn that corner October 14th.
On that day, the annual Jam with Ham is set to take place at the Donald L. Tucker Center. The event, named for Florida State coach Leonard Hamilton, serves as the first practice of the season for the 'Noles, who hope to ride the momentum of last year.
2010-11 was Florida State's most successful campaign since 1992-93, but a couple familiar names will be noticeably missing when fans are introduced to this season's installment of the 'Noles for the first time. Chris Singleton and Derwin Kitchen are in professional basketball environments now, and this event officially begins the daunting task of replacing the duo.
Although the two have moved on, garnet-and-gold supporters will recognize some familiar faces. Senior forward Bernard James had a couple dominating performances in last year's NCAA Tournament and will return as the team's leading rebounder. With Singleton now in the NBA, the team's top returning scorer is junior Michael Snaer. The 6-5 guard assumes a major responsibility in leading Hamilton's offense this season.
All together, FSU's roster will include six seniors and five juniors. However, there are a handful of newcomers that could provide a needed spark.
Attendees will be introduced to forward Antwan Space and guard Terry Whisnant. The two former high school stars might need to contribute significantly if Florida State is going to have another successful run.
Fans will also become familiar with transfer Jeff Peterson. The 6-1 guard is the first student-athlete to play basketball in the ACC, Big Ten and SEC. Peterson was formally a player at both Iowa and Arkansas. He spent the 2010-11 season as the Razorbacks' starting point guard and averaged 7.3 points per game.
In addition, there is an interactive element to the Jam with Ham experience. Fans will be treated to both a dunk and a three-point shooting contest. They will also be allowed to participate in a free-throw shooting competition, in which the winner will be awarded a prize.
Attendees will also be eligible to win prizes through giveaways. Prizes include flat screen televisions, computers and even cash. There will be several other games throughout the night that give fans more opportunities to claim prizes.
The event will begin at 6:00 p.m. and kicks off one of the most anticipated basketball seasons in recent memory for Florida State. Following a year in which the team was one shot away from making an appearance in the Elite Eight, the Seminoles will begin the campaign ranked in every major pole.
The 'Noles will be featured on national television 17 times during the regular season, which is set to begin Halloween night.
Matt Ritter is the basketball reporter for NoleDigest.com and a graduate student in Media Communication Studies at Florida State.
FSU gearing up for the Jam with Ham
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FSU 8/20 Practice Report and HighlightsFlorida State went through their first practice of Saturday's two-a-days in pads.
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3-star ATH DeCalon Brooks Commits To FSUFlorida State has landed a commitment from 3-star athlete DeCalon Brooks.
Nole Digest08/18/2016


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"I'm hoping to have a decision made either in the beginning of the season or midway through," said Frye. "I don't want to prolong it."
In addition to the Deacons, Frye owns scholarship offers from Virginia and Duke. Following his performance at Maryland's one-day camp, the Terrapins' coaching staff is strongly considering joining the aforementioned schools by extending an offer.
According to Frye, two schools are leading the pack for his February signature – Maryland and Wake Forest. Frye likes the Demon Deacons' combination of academics and athletics.
"They look like they are on the rise and I like their academic program," said Frye. "I've looked at their [football] program and stuff and it seems like they have a lot of people coming back. From their showing of last year they should be a whole lot better this year."
Frye will take a big step forward in his recruitment when he takes a trip to Winston-Salem to see former teammate and close friend Brandon Ghee and unofficially visits Wake Forest.
"Brandon Ghee and me are real close," said Frye. "I plan on taking a trip up to Wake Forest in the next two weeks and I'll see him then. I've never been to the campus before that is why I'm going."
The Demon Deacons' coaching staff is looking at Frye as both a wide out and safety. From his safety position last season, Frye picked off five passes and accumulated 55 tackles.
During Scout.com's All-American Combine, Frye posted one of the more impress performances. He recorded a 4.62-second forty-yard dash on grass, 4.28-second twenty-yard shuttle, vertically leaped 38.5 inches, and broad jumped 116 inches.


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17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come. #Bible http://j.mp/108UJaX
6 And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him. #Bible http://j.mp/108UInA
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Sol PadillaDiscussion -
28:1 To you, O Lord, I call;my rock, be not deaf to me,lest, if you be silent to me,I become like those who go down to the pit. 2 Hear the voice of my pleas for mercy,when I cry to you for help,when I lift up my handstoward your most holy sanctuary. #Bible http://mydailybible.org/dv/esv/2013-01-07.htm
28 Whoever trusts in his riches will fall,but the righteous will flourish like a green leaf. #Bible http://j.mp/108ULj3
3 Because your steadfast love is better than life,my lips will praise you. 4 So I will bless you as long as I live;in your name I will lift up my hands. #Bible http://j.mp/108UHQw
4 Enter his gates with thanksgiving,and his courts with praise!Give thanks to him; bless his name!
5 For the Lord is good;his steadfast love endures forever,and his faithfulness to all generations. #Bible http://j.mp/v1rmGT
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Conversation Escalation Make Small Talk Sexy PDF Download FullFree
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Combo Tour - Best of Costa Rica from San Jose
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Combo Tour - Best of Costa Rica from San Jose information and booking
Tour description provided by Viator
Take advantage of your time in Costa Rica on this exciting full-day guided tour from San Jose! Enjoy an exhilarating mountain hike and tour impressive sites like the breathtaking Poás Volcano and Doka Estate's coffee plantation. Witness an amazing waterfall and explore one of the world's largest butterfly observatories at La Paz Waterfall Gardens. A delicious breakfast and lunch are included.
Enjoy a drive by luxury air-conditioned coach from San Jose to begin your exciting Costa Rica adventure. Start your full-day trip with a complimentary breakfast and cup of authentic, delicious Costa Rican coffee. Embark on an exhilarating mountain hike with your local guide and enjoy the gorgeous scenery before making your way to Doka Estate, a 350-acre (141-hectare) coffee plantation. Tour the impressive estate and admire the surrounding rolling hills.Next, venture to Poás Volcano National Park and marvel at the active volcano crater towering 8,884 feet (2708 meters) above sea level. Escape into a world of tropical wildlife and scenery at La Paz Waterfall Gardens. Journey through the Hummingbird Garden and admire colorful butterflies at the Butterfly Observatory – one of the largest in the world! Enjoy a picturesque riverside hike through the rainforest before indulging in a delicious lunch with your group. Then, sit back and relax on a scenic drive back to San Jose.
What's included
- Entrance fees
- Local guide
- Breakfast
- Lunch
- Transport by air-conditioned coach
What isn't included
- Gratuities (optional)


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Burger Chain Says Chipotle Stole Its Name and Logo
Tasty Burger argues the burrito-maker's new "Tasty Made" brand looks suspiciously similar.By Clint Rainey
Tasty Burger argues the burrito-maker's new "Tasty Made" brand looks suspiciously similar.By Clint Rainey
The paper tries to argue the meal has "no mystical powers."By Clint Rainey
Oops.By Ashley Weatherford
One small win for nuts.By Susan Rinkunas
Critics call out the company for not having a guide to Israel.By Clint Rainey
A group of influential researchers argues it's unclear if eating less salt is healthier.By Clint Rainey
They're demanding the FDA stop Big Food from misusing the word.By Clint Rainey
Plus, Stateside orchards are "industrial marvels."By Clint Rainey
In turn, Dannon's attorneys have filed a cease-and-desist.By Clint Rainey
The mayor wants to clean the air.By Clint Rainey
""How could they just throw out something completely different and label it as another country's traditional food?"By Clint Rainey
Nutritionists agree that plant-based fat is good for us.By Susan Rinkunas
The country's Health Ministry says it doesn't have enough tomato paste to qualify.By Clint Rainey
You know your recipe is in trouble when the most powerful person in the world goes on record with his disdain.By Chris Crowley
Modern egg creams from Odd Fellows, Brooklyn Seltzer Boys, Court Street Grocers, and Baz Bagel & Restaurant.By Chris Crowley
Rules exist for a reason, chef.By Clint Rainey
"Dear Dave, I'm a little worried about you."By Clint Rainey
It encroaches on a "protected area."By Clint Rainey
Where is de Blasio when you need him?By Margaret Hartmann
Soda companies say their reasons for giving away millions are pure.By Margaret Hartmann


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State Class B final: Manhasset vs. Rochester Victor
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Manhasset beat Rochester Victor, 11-7, Saturday to win the state Class B girls lacrosse championship at Cortland.
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Massapequa vs. Plainview JFK New Hyde Park vs. Baldwin Eastport-South Manor vs. Smithtown West Hicksville High School 2016 homecoming St. John the Baptist vs. Holy Trinity girls volleyball Mount Sinai vs. Shoreham-Wading River girls soccer Roslyn High School 2016 homecoming Half Hollow Hills West vs. East Islip boys scocer Division Avenue HS 2016 homecoming Baldwin vs. Massapequa field hockey Mineola vs. Carle Place boys soccer BBP vs. Rocky Point field hockey


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GARLAND, Texas — The Garland Independent School District (ISD) has begun playing educational videos on one of its school buses to improve student behavior during the ride.
As The Dallas Morning News reports, a 26-inch flat screen TV at the front of the bus plays videos supplied by the Discovery network, History Channel and other educational programming suppliers. Brief safety messages air between videos.
Installation costs $1,500 per bus, but Garland ISD's bus was equipped for free as a pilot. The bus was on display at the Texas Association for Pupil Transportation's conference last weekend.
Having only installed the system during the very end of the school year, the district has not been able to determine whether the videos cut down on student behavior problems, and is not committed to equipping the rest of its buses with video systems.
Related Topics: behavior management
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Nigerian Mediator Says Leak Means End of Boko Haram Role
Datti Ahmad, head of a Nigerian Islamic organization, terminated his role as a mediator between Boko Haram Islamist insurgents and the government after details of confidential meetings were leaked.
Nigerian newspapers printed "a lot of the details" from a meeting with a government official, Ahmad, president of the Supreme Council for Shariah in Nigeria, said in a statement handed to reporters yesterday in the northern city of Kaduna. "In view of this unfortunate and unhelpful development, we have no option but to withdraw from these early discussions."
Authorities in Africa's top oil producer blame Boko Haram, which draws inspiration from Afghanistan's Taliban movement, for a surge of violence in the north and Abuja, the capital, in which hundreds have died since 2009. The group, whose name means "Western education is a sin," wants to impose Shariah, or Islamic law, for the 160 million people of Africa's most populous nation. The group claimed responsibility for multiple blasts and attacks in the city of Kano on Jan. 20 that killed at least 256 people, according to the Civil Rights Congress.
Ahmad said the leak embarrassed mediators and "created strong doubts" about the government's sincerity because "the discussion is supposed to be very confidential to achieve any success."
Ahmad's group came to prominence when it led a campaign against polio immunization from 2004 in the country's mainly Muslim north, alleging that the vaccines contained sterilization agents and vaccination was part of a Western plot to reduce the Muslim population
Nigeria is roughly split between a mainly Muslim north and a predominantly Christian south. Boko Haram poses a more serious threat to the country than the 1967-1970 Biafra civil war, President Goodluck Jonathan said on Jan. 8.


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Meet our Faculty
David Brown
Professor of History, Department Chair
email@example.com | 717-361-1249
David Brown, the Raffensperger Professor of History, offers courserwork in American culture, intellect, and historiography, as well as introductory classes in early and modern American/U.S. civilization. His abiding interest is in the connection of ideas--religious, literary, political and economic-- and how they play out over a broad cultural canvas. His publications include Richard Hofstadter: AN Intellectual Biography (2006, nominated for a Pulitzer Prize by the University of Chicago Press) and Beyond the Frontier: The Midwestern Voice in American Historical Writing (2009 UCP). He is currently completing Paradise Lost: A Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald.
David Kenley
Professor of History
email@example.com | 717-361-1238 | Faculty Website
Dr. David Kenley (Ph.D. University of Hawai'i, M.A. University of Utah, B.A. Brigham Young University) is originally from Salt Lake City, Utah, but lived for many years in West Virginia, Hawaii, and the Republic of China in Taiwan. Dr. Kenley has been at Elizabethtown College since 2004. His research focuses on the history of Asia, particularly modern China. He is the author of New Culture in a New World (Routledge Press) and other works dealing with Chinese intellectual history and diasporas in world history. He is currently writing a history of the Church of the Brethren missionaries in China in the early twentieth century. Dr. Kenley's family, including his wife, Wendi, and their three children, currently reside in Elizabethtown, PA and enjoy skiing, hiking, and traveling.
Brian Newsome
Associate Professor of History, Assistant Dean for General Education & Assessment
email@example.com | 717-361-1251 | Curriculum Vitae
Dr. Brian Newsome is Associate Professor of History, College Registrar, and Dean for Curriculum and Assessment. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of South Carolina and teaches modern European, Middle Eastern, and North African history. Dr. Newsome specializes in the urban and religious history of nineteenth- and twentieth-century France. His dissertation led to articles in French Historical Studies and French Politics, Culture and Society, among others, as well as his book on French Urban Planning, 1940-1968: The Construction and Deconstruction of an Authoritarian System (New York: Peter Lang, 2009). More recently, Dr. Newsome has been analyzing French Catholic organizations, leading to articles in Historical Reflections/Réflexions historiques (which he serves as co-editor) and in Transaction Publishers' series Religion and Public Life. His current project, which McGill-Queen's University Press will publish in 2016, is a new translation and annotated edition of Invasion 14, Catholic novelist Maxence Van der Meersch's account of the German occupation of northern France during World War I. In 2014 Dr. Newsome won the New York State Association of European Historians' Triennial Charles R. Bailey Memorial Prize for best journal article. He received the award for "The Women of the Pavillons: A Case Study," which appeared in Historical Reflections/Réflexions historiques in the Winter of 2012. Dr. Newsome is also the recipient of several grants, including a Fulbright Grant, as well as numerous awards for outstanding teaching and service.
Gabriel R. Ricci
Associate Professor of Humanities
email@example.com | 717-361-1139
Gabriel R. Ricci has taught in the History and Philosophy Departments at Elizabethtown College since 1996, and served as the chair of the History Department from 2004 to 2011. Ricci teaches courses in The Ancient World, the Enlightenment, and Applied Ethics. He pursued graduate work at the University of Hamburg and Temple University; where after a post-doctoral teaching fellowship he taught for ten years. His early research interests were in German historicism, Giambattista Vico, Ernst Troeltsch, Martin Heidegger and Continental Philosophy. This concentration led to his translation of Victor Farias' Heidegger and Nazism (Temple University, 1989); the publication of Time Consciousness, The Philosophical Uses of History (Transaction Publisher, 2002) and The Tempo of Modernity (Transaction Publisher, 2011). He has been the editor of the annual series Religion & Public Life (Transaction Publisher) since 1999 and he has just been appointed the editor of a new annual series, Culture and Civilization (Transaction Publisher). Current research interests address the relationship between nature and norm in the ancient world and the intersection of European philosophy and literature in the early twentieth century.
Carl J. Strikwerda
President, Professor of History
firstname.lastname@example.com |
Carl J. Strikwerda is professor of history and president of Elizabethtown College and teaches a course every fall on "Peace and War in a Global World". He previously served as Dean of Arts and Sciences at the College of William and Mary and Associate Dean at the University of Kansas. He received a B.A. from Calvin College and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, both in history. Besides articles in the American Historical Review, Journal of Social History, and many other journals and edited volumes, he has published books on Belgian labor history, international migration, and consumer cooperation around the world. His most recent publication is "Imagining a Global World: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Tragedy of Great Power Politics In the First Era of Globalization, 1870-1914," which appeared in Cosmopolitanism and the Global Polity, ed. Gabriel Ricci, Volume 5 in the series Culture and Civilization (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2012). A new article, "World War I in the History of Globalization," is forthcoming in the journal Historical Reflections/Reflexions historiques. President Strikwerda has served as an historical consultant to the National World War One Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Lancaster County Economic Development Company, public radio and television station WITF in Harrisburg, and the Presidents' Trust of the American Association of Colleges and Universities. When not serving as president or being an historian, he bicycles on the Conewago Trail.
Faculty Emeriti
Paul Gottfried
Raffensperger Professor of Humanities Emeritus (U.S. and Europe)
J. Kenneth Kreider
Professor of History Emeritus (Russia and Europe)
Richard Mumford
Professor of History Emeritus (U.S. and Japan)
H. Herbert Poole, Jr.
Professor of History Emeritus (Britain)
Bela Vassady
Raffensperger Professor of History Emeritus (Africa and African-American)
Tom Winnpenny
Professor of History Emeritus (United States)


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The University of Northern Colorado women's basketball team stayed in the hunt, then went in for the kill in a 78-73 nonconference victory over Nebraska-Omaha Saturday afternoon.
Junior center Stephanie Lee continued her hot hand with 31 points, nine rebounds, four assists and five blocks.
Read Sunday's Greeley Tribune for all the details.


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HOME NBA New York Knicks Gear New York Knicks Accessories New York Knicks Accessories Toys (16 items) Product ID: 1558626
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Comments about Boston Celtics Plush Superhero Monkey:
my daughter loves this little monkey. its well made and very soft any child would love to have this. Its perfect size to be held or to be placed on a shelf for collectors. The first thing my daughter asked was if it was apart of a collection. So i know she likes it it never leaves her bed now. She told me she will bring this to games and when she watches games with her daddy she will have it to show her support.
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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A solution to keep 7,500 public, private, and charter school students from losing their ride to school is in the works, Superintendent William R. Hite Jr. said Thursday night.
Hite last week ordered $32 million in temporary Philadelphia School District cuts so that schools can open on time. One of those reductions would have taken away free SEPTA TransPasses for high school students who live less than two miles from school.
The School Reform Commission was set to vote on a policy that would codify that change, but Hite pulled the resolution. Cuts to school police, cleaning budgets, and other services are still planned, with more possible if legislators do not pass a $2-a-pack cigarette tax by October.


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Each year, the Foundation inducts new members into the District's Legacy Hall, which recognizes outstanding
alumni who have used their education and experience to become successful, positive contributors to society.
Download our brochure!
District 230 Foundation Legacy Hall Class of 2016
Eric Barber, Mike Navarro, Jill
Wrobel, Heather K. Terry, Ryan Kaminski, Cassandra Moran, father of Dan Capuano, and Karen Kasza. (Not pictured Piotr Dollar.)


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As 10 a.m. neared and Magnolia's Fourth of July celebration prepared to commence, the skies threatened to rain on the borough's parade.
But for at least one day, the region survived without a storm, and as the sun began to peer through the clouds Thursday morning, South Jersey residents hit the streets to celebrate. Communities throughout the area held parades and festivals for Independence Day.
Just after 10 in Magnolia, nearly a mile of Evesham Avenue, from St. Gregory's Church to Albertson Memorial Park, was closed so people could watch the parade.
The marchers were led by elected officials including U.S. Rep. Robert E. Andrews (D., N.J.), and eventually the cloudy morning gave way to clear skies.


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Stocks edge lower
Stocks fell back from record levels Tuesday as investors reacted to some disappointing company earnings.
NRG Energy slumped after the company lowered its earnings forecast for this year and next. That helped push down the stocks of power companies, making them the biggest decliners in the Standard & Poor's 500 index. News Corp. fell after the company posted an unexpected revenue decline due to weakness at the company's Australian newspapers.
Airline stocks rose, led by gains for JetBlue Airways, after the Justice Department said it cleared the way for American Airlines and US Airways to merge, creating the world's biggest airline.
-- from wire reports


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Bumblebees can be optimistic, study finds
September 30, 2016, 4:54 p.m. by Russell McLendon
Even tiny insects can experience a 'positive emotion-like state.'
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere just reached a major milestone
September 29, 2016, 9:36 a.m. by Russell McLendon
CO2 data from Mauna Loa in Hawaii suggest 400 ppm is the new normal.
Why the biggest dinosaurs had the flashiest head gear
September 29, 2016, 6:08 a.m. by Catie Leary
Theropods like the T. Rex have their bony cranial ornamentation to thank for their enormous size.
Our section of the Milky Way might be much bigger than previously thought
September 29, 2016, 1 a.m. by Bryan Nelson
Nobody knows exactly what our galaxy looks like, but new details have emerged that offer surprising hints.
Ancient Greek algorithm could be used to find inconceivably large prime numbers
September 28, 2016, 4:43 p.m. by Bryan Nelson
The sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient tool for finding primes, but it might get a boost by modern computing.
How to get rid of garlic breath
September 28, 2016, 1:09 p.m. by Robin Shreeves
The same compounds that make wine healthy are found in certain raw foods. They can solve your problem.
How cats took over the world
September 27, 2016, 1:57 p.m. by Russell McLendon
A new DNA study suggests domestic cats are descendants of felines that traveled with ancient farmers and mariners — including Vikings.
Earth's atmosphere is mysteriously losing oxygen
September 27, 2016, 1:58 a.m. by Bryan Nelson
Bad news for oxygen breathers: Our planet has been losing atmospheric oxygen for at least the last million years.
7 new telescopes that will change the way we see space
September 26, 2016, 10:19 a.m. by Russell McLendon
A new age of astronomy is dawning, thanks to a historic building boom of futuristic telescopes.
Man wins Ig Nobel for being a goat
September 23, 2016, 12:39 p.m. by Noel Kirkpatrick
Thomas Thwaites got fed up with life so he crafted prosthetics that would allow him to be a goat.
How to plan a solar eclipse party
September 23, 2016, 6:22 a.m. by Catie Leary
Whether you're planning your own shindig or joining an already existing event, here are a few tips to make the most of the 2017 total solar eclipse.
How much does smell matter when it comes to falling in love?
September 22, 2016, 4:08 p.m. by Lambeth Hochwald
Smell plays a large part in attraction, including sniffing out genetic differences and health.


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If you have a child with celiac disease, one of your concerns may be school lunch and making sure it is gluten free.
The American Celiac Disease Alliance (ACDA) (www.americanceliac.org), a non-profit organization that advocates for the celiac disease community, conducted a survey of parents with children on gluten-free diets. About 1/3 of the parents responded yes when asked if they had ever approached their child's school about providing gluten-free meals. Of these, approximately 38 percent stated that their child's school refused to provide gluten-free meals.
Can your child's school refuse to provide gluten-free meals?
Because the National School Lunch Program receives federal funding it can not discriminate on the basis of disability. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) "...substitutions must be made for children who are unable to eat school meals because of their disabilities when that need is certified by a licensed physician."
A disability is defined as "a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities." Eating is considered a major life activity. Many diseases and conditions qualify as "disabilities." Severe allergies that result in anaphylactic reactions are considered "disabilities" but other allergies and food intolerances such as lactose intolerance are not. According to The National Food Service Management Institute, celiac disease is considered a "disability."
What you need to do
To help ensure that your child receives gluten-free meals at school you need a signed statement from your child's doctor that includes information about celiac disease, why celiac disease prevents your child from eating the regular school breakfast/lunch/snack, the foods that must not be eaten on a gluten-free diet, and gluten-free foods that should be substituted.
If this doesn't work
While it sounds like a request for gluten-free meals should be accommodated, this is not always the case, as ... Continue
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Hello, Hope you are doing great ! Let me know if you would be interested in the below position.
*Job Role: DNS / DHCP Configuration / IP Address Management * *Location: SFO, CA* *Contract: 9+ Months* *Job description:* Perform Domain Name System (DNS) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) configuration and management, including: i. Manage DNS Services, including: a) adding or removing zones, records, and hosts b) Configuring DNS properties c) maintaining a database of DNS assignments/registrations d) performing a periodic pruning/cleanup of stale static entries and subnets ii. Manage DHCP Services, including: a) adding networks b) adding ranges c) viewing and maintaining DHCP leases d) creating DHCP network templates iii. Perform utilization and capacity monitoring and management of the DNS/DHCP pool to avoid outages due to exhaustion of resources iv. Provide IP Address Management (IPAM) Services, including: a) installing, relocating and re-installing, upgrading, or adding a Device b) enabling or disabling services c) creating and maintaining read and read-write accounts with limited and/or full access Thanks & Regards, Vikram | Technical Recruiter *Email: **vikra...@e-solutionsinc.com* <vikra...@e-solutionsinc.com> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Business_Intelligence" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to business_intelligence+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to email@example.com. Visit this group at https://groups.google.com/group/business_intelligence. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.


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This course has opened so many more doors for me in racing than I could have on my own. Tom is a fantastic instructor who is very knowledgeable about the sport and he's also very well-connected. Through this course, I've met PR directors, owners and COO's of racing teams and sanctioning bodies. Thanks SMWW!
25+ Year Veteran of the Motorsports Industry
Motorsports Safety Education Foundation Executive Director
Current NFL agent, has represented over 100 clients, former NCAA Athletic Director, Internationally requested speaker


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fish story
Simple Definition of fish story
: an exaggerated story : a story that is so strange or surprising that it seems very unlikely to be true
Full Definition of fish story
: an extravagant or incredible story
See fish story defined for English-language learners
Examples of fish story in a sentence
He told a ridiculous fish story about a swarm of giant mosquitoes.
Origin and Etymology of fish story
from the traditional exaggeration by fishermen of the size of fish almost caught
First Known Use: 1819
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up fish story? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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VBA Help required, issues with sorting.
Hey guys, i'm having a problem here, i'm trying to create a macro to sort a range of data, I can get it to select the whole table easily, but the problem is after I create the macro, if I wanted to add further data to it, it misses out that data when doing the sorting process.. If anyone has any recommendations i'd appreciate it, here's the code...
|All times are GMT +5.5. The time now is 00:36.


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Supplemental Database Files
O*NET Supplemental Files
O*NET supplemental data is included with the O*NET 20.1 database and later. Please visit our production database page to download individual files or full archives of the following data:
Spanish translations of the O*NET taxonomy and selected data files are available from our Spanish Language Resources page:
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Crosswalks are provided by the National Crosswalk Service Center (NCSC), a technical resource for dealing with occupational and training program classification systems. The NCSC is funded by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (ETA) through the Analyst Resource Center (ARC) . The center's mission is to maximize the effective and efficient use of occupational information by providing specialized occupational tools (files, reports, software) and technical assistance to users and producers of occupational information.
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Note: Within O*NET OnLine and My Next Move for Veterans, the military search is based on data from the MOC crosswalk by the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) , and supplemented with data from Army COOL , Navy COOL , Marine Corps COOL , and Air Force COOL projects and from an additional enhanced analysis for key military occupations, which was commissioned by the U.S. Department of Labor working in collaboration with the Department of Defense, per the specifications of Section 222 of the VOW to Hire Heroes Act. The enhanced analysis file and development report is available from NCSC Military Resources . Download the supplemental data from COOL sites (XLSX).
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Fun with Fabric Dye
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Tea Light Napkin Rings Video
We are adding the craft to your Craft Projects.
The project was added to your Craft Projects.
Click here to view your Craft Projects.
Don't throw away those old tealights! Watch this Tea Light Napkin Rings Video from Tiffany Windsor and learn how to transform those tiny candles. This recycled craft is easy and practical.
This is a great party craft and makes any table setting sparkle. Best of all, you don't have to break the bank. Just follow this video and you'll be on your way to making homemade napkin rings.
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Bernadettebunty 09 23446
Dec 01, 2013
I was thinking that it would work to make the flower shape and paint it as shown then use it as the base for another tea-light. I don't have occasions to use napkins and didn't want to waste a good idea.
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Leut Local Customs
The small village of Leut is close to the Dutch-Belgian border near the town of Maaseik. I can think of no reason to visit Leut other than to visiti the "Drankenhal" which is a beer buff's bliss.
This bottle shop sells over 350 different types of Belgian ambrosial ales and beers. For aficianado's there are also interesting collectables such as matching beer glasses for many of Belgium's best breweries.
See my Leut Travelogue for some Belgian beer reviews.Related to:
- Arts and Culture
- Food and Dining
- Beer Tasting
Instant Answers: Leut
Get an instant answer from local experts and frequent travelers


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test 1
May 1, 2013 11:09 AM
Pittsburgh Penguins' Sidney Crosby sits on the bench watching a power play drill during NHL hockey practice in Canonsburg, Pa., Tuesday, April 30, 2013. THIS IS A DTI CAPTION TEST!!! (AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar)AP
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Expert Pet Care
Your pet's health in the hands of experienced veterinary experts
At Carmel Veterinary Centre we are passionate about animals and offer expert care for every aspect of your pet's health and wellbeing. Accredited by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS), the quality of our practice means you can rest assured that your pet is in safe hands, even at times when you are bound… Read More
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A wonderful team of professionals that you can trust to do the very best for your pet. A highly professional and friendly team. Thank you Tim and everyone at Carmel for your wonderful care of Tobe. He says "woof woof woof" which I think means I am feeling so much better now.
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I've been with Peter and staff for over 20 years always took the cats when I lived at home, then when I moved to Dudley I still travelled to the practice to get my dogs seen too. [...] I've built up a fab relationship with staff and Pete over the years. Thank you all and keep up the good work.
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Excellent vets, helpful, professional friendly staff , would highly recommend.
Debbie Louise Brookes-Hemans - Kats Cradle Rescue
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Ever wondered what goes on in the operating theatre at Carmel?
Find out about some of our more inresting cases and also some of the procedures. Go behind the scenes…Learn More
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text: Womens Mcfur Tan Fashion Bootie: Soft Warmth, Great Deals are at Sears FREE Standard Shipping on orders of $59 or more! Applies to items Sold by Sears AND Kmart. Offer ends 02-Feb-2013 Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal MdavidK30 Jan 14, 2013 Cool Boot! Looks comfy! Reply Load More Comments


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 23, 2010
|Priority date
|Jul 14, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Yoshinobu Kohara, Kazunori Okano, Hideyuki Noda
|Original Assignee
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (4), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/750,886 filed on Jan. 5, 2004, U.S. application Ser. No. 10/788,440 filed on Mar. 1, 2004, and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/790,063 filed on Mar. 2, 2004, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present application claims priority from Japanese application JP 2003-196178 filed on Jul. 14, 2003, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
This invention relates a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method. More specifically, this invention relates to a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method wherein a chemical reaction in a minute space is utilized. This invention also relates to a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method wherein a biological molecule such as a nucleic acid or a protein is involved in the reaction.
Recent years have seen significant advances in the technology of constituting a minute space for conducting a chemical reaction in such a space. One method of constituting such a minute space is use of photolithography which is a technology most frequently used in the production of a semiconductor. A microfluidic device can be constituted by forming a groove in a silicon substrate by means of photolithographic process, and adhering another substrate over the groove to thereby form a minute channel for receiving a fluid which is actuated by the device. Various proposals have been made for use of such microfluidic device in chemical production (for example, Analytical Chemistry, 74, 3112-3117 (2002)) and chemical analysis (for example, Analytical Chemistry, 73, 2112-2116 (2001)).
Chemical reactions utilizing an enzyme immobilized on microparticles have been investigated for various enzymatic reactions, and typical processes include the process wherein microparticles having an enzyme immobilized thereon are suspended in the solution for chemical reaction, and the process wherein such microparticles are used by filling in a column having a diameter much larger than the microparticles. Also known in the art as a process utilizing a chemical reaction that takes place at the interface between the microparticle and the liquid is the purification of a particular molecule by using microparticles wherein microparticles having immobilized protein A or the like are filled in a column for use as an antibody purification column.
In the meanwhile, biological molecules are typically measured by immobilizing a probe molecule in each well of a micro-well plate, and dispensing the sample in each well to measure the biological molecule captured by the probe molecule. In the case of ELISA, for example, an antibody is used for the probe molecule to quantitatively measure the biological molecule in the sample. In this case, an antibody molecule which has affinity for the biological molecule is immobilized on the plate, and after capturing the biological molecule by the antibody molecule, a high sensitivity measurement by enzymatic chemiluminescence is conducted using an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody having affinity for the biological molecule.
Another method for measuring a biological molecule that is in development is a method wherein a plurality of probe molecules are immobilized in different areas of the solid phase to measure the biological molecule captured by each probe molecule. An example is the DNA chip wherein a plurality of probe DNAs are immobilized on a planar substrate of glass or the like for detection of nucleic acid molecules. In the case of this chip, a solution containing a fluorescence-labeled nucleic acid molecule is placed on the chip for hybridization and the amount of analyte nucleic acid molecule in the solution is determined by detecting fluorescence on the chip. The methods often used for producing such a DNA chip include spotting of the DNA probe on a slide glass (for example, Science, 270, 467-470 (1995)), and use of a photolithographic process and the sequential synthesis of the DNA by a photochemical reaction (for example, Science, 251, 767-773 (1991)). Also proposed is a protein chip wherein a plurality of proteins are simultaneously measured (for example, Analytical Biochemistry, 278, 123-131 (2000)). Devices using not the planar surface but a channel formed in the device have also been proposed, and exemplary such devices include the one wherein a DNA probe has been immobilized in the capillary (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-75812), and a probe array wherein probe-conjugated microparticles have been arranged in the interior of the capillary (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-243997).
Processing a large amount of sample in a short time is generally difficult in the chemical reaction system where molecules immobilized on the solid phase are reacted with the molecules in the solution, or in the chemical analysis system where molecules immobilized on the solid phase capture the molecules in the solution by chemically reacting with such molecules and the captured molecules are measured.
To be more specific, the methods mentioned in the Prior Art section including the method wherein microparticles are filled in a column, the method using a micro-well plate, and the method using a DNA chip have been associated with the difficulty of establishing the sample flow while promoting reaction in the minute space, and as a consequence, improvement in the chemical reaction efficiency and reduction of the process time have been difficult.
In view of the problems to be obviated by the present invention as described above, the present invention attempts to increase the reaction efficiency and reduce the reaction time in the chemical reaction where molecules immobilized on the solid phase are reacted with the molecules in the solution, or in the chemical analysis where molecules immobilized on the solid phase capture the molecules in the solution by chemically reacting with such molecules and the captured molecules are measured. Another object of the present invention is to improve the throughput to thereby increase the reaction efficiency when the sample is the one at a low concentration.
In the case of a minute space, an efficient and uniform chemical reaction can be expected since the space where molecules involved in the chemical reaction can move by molecular diffusion is limited and probability of the contact between the molecules is increased. Use of a small space also enables reduction in the amount of the chemical reagent and the waste produced, as well as loss of the sample.
Accordingly, improvement of the reaction efficiency by using a microfluidic device is contemplated wherein the micro-space in the channel is used for the reaction space, and wherein a particular molecule involved in the reaction is immobilized in the channel. When a narrow channel is used in such a case, the time of the solution passing over the area where the particular molecule has been immobilized will be reduced and diffusion of the reactant molecules in the solution will be insufficient, presumably resulting in the difficulty of realizing sufficient reaction efficiency. On the other hand, a decrease in the flow rate to allow a sufficient time for the diffusion to thereby increase the reaction efficiency would be associated with the risk of reduced sample throughput.
In order to improve such a situation, the present invention provides a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method wherein a channel is used for the space of the chemical reaction, and wherein a particular molecule is immobilized in its interior surface, and a structure or a flow obstacle is placed in the channel. This structure or obstacle creates turbulence in the flow of the sample solution through the microfluidic device which is normally a laminar flow to remarkably increase the substantial diffusion coefficient of the molecules in the solution, and as a consequence, a dramatic increase in the reaction efficiency can be attained with no compromise in the sample throughput. The time required for the reaction and analysis is also reduced, and handling of a sample at a low concentration is also enabled.
The chemical reaction device according to the present invention has a characteristic feature that it has a channel for receiving the solution and the structure accommodated in the channel, and a particular molecule which reacts with a substance included in a solution is immobilized in the interior surface or lumen wall of the channel. The structure may have a diameter which is in the range of 30 to 90% of the diameter of the channel, and when volume allowed for the sample to flow in the channel is V1, and interior volume of the channel is V2, the ratio V1/V2 may be in the range of 0.4 to 0.95. The structure may be a fine particle or a strip, and the strip may be a wire or a rod. In the channel within the chemical reaction device, the flow of the solution may be at least partly a turbulent flow. The channel may be constituted from a groove formed in a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to cover the groove, or alternatively, the channel may be a lumen of a capillary.
The chemical reaction system according to the present invention comprises a thermal chamber for placing a reaction device for accommodating a solution and a structure, and an introducer for introducing the solution into the reaction device. The reaction device has a molecule immobilized on its interior surface to allow a chemical reaction to take place between the immobilized molecule and the substance included in the solution introduced by the solution introducer. The chemical reaction system may further comprise a detector for detecting the reaction that takes place in the reaction device.
Furthermore, the chemical reaction method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: preparing a reaction device having a particular molecule immobilized on its interior surface, and having a structure accommodated in its interior; introducing a solution into the reaction device; and allowing the particular molecule immobilized on the interior surface to undergo a chemical reaction with a molecule included in the solution; wherein, in the step of chemical reaction, the solution moves in relation to the structure. In this chemical reaction method, time required for the step of the chemical reaction may be at least about 10 minutes, and more specifically, this time may be designed at any time period in the range of at least about 5 minutes to at least about 15 minutes depending on the conditions desired for the chemical reaction. A chemical reaction efficiency of considerable level is generally achieved when the time is designed to be at about 10 minutes or longer.
Next, the present invention is described in further detail by referring to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Alternatively, the obstacle may comprise a stainless steel wire having a diameter of about 100 microns which has been cut.
In the case of a microparticle-filled column wherein the column is filled with the structure, and the structure comprises microparticles having a diameter of several microns which is by far smaller than the diameter of the capillary, the void where the substrate-containing solution can flow will be extremely small, and the pressure loss will be extremely high. In such a case, the flow of the solution will be a laminar flow with no considerable increase in the substantial diffusion coefficient, and the substrate will confront with the difficulty in reacting with the enzyme 102 immobilized on the interior surface, and as a consequence, the reaction efficiency will be reduced. For example, when a capillary having an inner diameter of 150 microns is used for the reaction vessel, the optimal diameter range of the beads used for the obstacle accommodated in the capillary is in the range of about 50 micron to about 130 micron so that the beads will not be too small compared to the capillary while not too big to be received by the capillary and will enable formation of the solution flow that accelerates the chemical reaction. In other words, the beads may have a diameter which is at least about 30% and at most about 90% of the diameter of the capillary, and in this case, the flow of the reaction solution formed in the capillary will not be a laminar flow but a flow in transition from the laminar flow to the turbulent flow or a turbulent flow. When the flow in the capillary is a laminar flow, a considerable time is required for the substrate to move from the center of the flow to the vicinity of the channel wall, while all molecules will be promoted to collide with the channel wall in the case of a turbulent flow or a flow in transition from the laminar flow to the turbulent flow including partial turbulent flow and the efficiency of the chemical reaction is thereby improved. In this case, the plurality of beads in the interior of the capillary may be arranged either such that the centers of the beads are aligned on a straight line or such that the centers of the beads are not aligned on a straight line as shown in
When considered on the basis of the void, namely, the ratio of the interior volume of the capillary or the channel excluding the volume of the structure (obstacle) to the entire interior volume of the capillary or the channel, namely, the ratio represented by the formula: V1/V2 when V1 is the volume of the space in the capillary where the sample can flow and V2 is the interior volume of the capillary if no structure (obstacle) were present, the void of the microparticle-filled column would be close to the void in the case of the hexagonal closest packing which is the closest packing in a free space with the void of 0.26. As described above, the flow of the solution is a laminar flow in the case of the microparticle-filled column with a low substantial diffusion coefficient, and the substrate has difficulty in reaching the enzyme 102 immobilized on the interior surface. As a consequence, the reaction efficiency will be insufficient. In the present invention, the void should be larger than that of the microparticle-filled column in order to form a flow of the solution that allows the chemical reaction, and the adequate range for the void is about 0.5 to about 0.7 in the case when beads are used for the obstacle. When the obstacle is not in the form of spheres or ellipsoids but a continuous strip as shown in
Next, the use of the system of the present invention is described. Cytochrome C, which is a protein, was decomposed in this chemical reaction system by trypsin. The reaction solution was 10 μL of 0.2 mg/mL cytochrome C (in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH 8.0)), and this solution was moved back and forth in the reaction vessel at a flow rate of 10 μL per minute and at a reaction temperature of 37� C. for the proteolysis by trypsin. The reaction time was 0 minute (no reaction), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 60 minutes. To 5 μL of the reaction solution collected after the reaction was added 2 μL of loading buffer (313 mM Tris-HCl, 10% SDS, 10% mercaptoethanol, 30% glycerol, 0.01% bromophenol blue, pH 6.8), and the mixture was heated to 95� C. for about 2 minutes. Of such mixture, 3 μL was used as a sample in the electrophoresis. The electrophoresis was conducted by using 15% polyacrylamide gel having sodium dodecyl phosphate (SDS) added thereto, and an electrophoretic buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl, 192 mM glycine, 0.1% SDS, pH 8.5). The current in the electrophoresis was set at 20 mA, and after two hours of electrophoresis, the gel was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue for 1 hour, and destained with 10% acetic acid−40% methanol solution for 2 hours to obtain the electropherogram. For a comparison purpose, 1 μL of trypsin solution at a concentration 1 mg/mL and 39 μL of pure water were added to 50 μL of 2 mg/mL cytochrome C (10 mM Tris-HCl solution (pH 8.5)), and the mixed solution was left in a reaction tube with no movement at 37� C. to promote the proteolytic reaction. The reaction time use was 0 hour (no reaction), 1 hour, 4 hours, 16 hours, and 20 hours. The reaction products were electrophoresed as in the case of the products obtained by using the chemical reaction system to also obtain the electropherogram.
Compared to the case wherein the molecule involved in the chemical reaction is immobilized on the glass beads or other obstacles, the present invention wherein the molecule is immobilized on the interior surface of the reaction vessel is more tolerant to the operation that may cause damages to the molecule-immobilized surface such as introduction of the molecule-immobilized glass beads into the reaction vessel, and ease of the handling of the beads is thereby realized. This enables production of the reaction system at a reduced cost and at improved reproducibility. Another problem is the peeling or separation of the immobilized molecule induced by the flow of the reaction solution at the surface of the obstacle such as glass beads having a curved surface, and as a matter of fact, the molecule immobilized on a curved surface receive a force larger than the molecule immobilized on the non-curved surface like the interior surface of the channel (or capillary), and the molecule involved in the reaction that is immobilized on the surface is relatively easily peeled off the surface in the case of a curved surface. This is always a serious problem when the molecule is immobilized by using the physical adsorption, namely, by utilizing the adsorption caused by intermolecular force. While immobilization of the molecule using physical adsorption is quite useful due to the simple procedure, no covalent bond is present between the solid phase and the immobilized molecule in the case of the physical adsorption, and accordingly, the molecule immobilized by the physical adsorption cannot endure the physical load applied to the molecule by the fluid and the like and the molecule is liable to become peeled off the surface. However, in the case of the present invention, the molecules are immobilized in a manner resistant to the peeling in the reaction process, and a high reaction efficiency is thereby realized.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the liability of the immobilized molecule to become peeled off the surface when the molecule is immobilized by physical adsorption. The system used was the one the same as the one shown in
Furthermore, when the enzyme is immobilized on the microparticles and the microparticles are suspended in a solution containing the substrate molecule for the chemical reaction, full suspension of the microparticles in the solution is generally difficult. In other words, it is difficult to bring the microparticles in full contact with the substrate molecule included in the solution to induce the chemical reaction. In addition, in use of a column filled with enzyme-immobilized microparticles, the microparticles are filled at a high rate in the reaction vessel with insufficient void as described above, and the reaction solution can only flow at a slow speed and the flow will be a laminar flow with reduced substantial diffusion speed. As a consequence, an increase in the reaction efficiency is difficult, and a high pressure pump will be required if the flow rate were to be increased. In contrast, the present invention comprises a device wherein a particular substance is immobilized on the interior surface of the reaction vessel so that the molecule reacting with the particular substance is forced to pass through a narrow space, and at the same time, wherein the flow formed is not a laminar flow and turbulent flow is at least partly induced, thereby enabling a highly efficient reaction to take place in a short time. Furthermore, since the reaction vessel of the present invention is constituted such that the reaction vessel has the particular substance immobilized on its interior surface and a structure or an obstacle accommodated in the interior as described above, the reaction vessel also enjoys the merit of reduced peeling or separation of the immobilized molecule from the surface to which it has been immobilized, which has been a serious problem in the system where the molecule is immobilized on the microparticles.
An embodiment of DNA analysis using the DNA measurement device 321 was conducted. The DNA probes used were synthetic DNAs having a length of 18 bases which is a part of the nucleotide sequence on the antisense side of the exons of p53 (Exons 1 and 3 were not used; 10 types in total; designated probes 1 to 10). The target DNAs used were synthetic DNAs having a length of 18 bases which are fully complementary to the DNA probes, and which are labeled with Cy3 fluorescence marker (10 types in total, target 1 to 10). The melting temperature of the complementary DNA probe and the target DNA was about 70� C. The sequences are as described below.
Sequence of DNA probe 1: 5′-TGTCACCGTCGTGGAAAG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 1) Sequence of DNA probe 2: 5′-ATCTGACTGCGGCTCCTC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 2) Sequence of DNA probe 3: 5′-AAGAAGCCCAGACGGAAA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 3) Sequence of DNA probe 4: 5′-GCCTCACAACCTCCGTCA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4) Sequence of DNA probe 5: 5′-TCATAGGGCACCACCACA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 5) Sequence of DNA probe 6: 5′-ATGATGGTGAGGATGGGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 6) Sequence of DNA probe 7: 5′-CCCTTTCTTGCGGAGCTT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 7) Sequence of DNA probe 8: 5′-TTTCTTCTTTGGCTGGGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 8) Sequence of DNA probe 9: 5′-CCTGGGCATCCTTGAGTT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 9) Sequence of DNA probe 10: 5′-ATGGCGGGAGGTAGACTG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 10) Sequence of DNA target 1: 5′-CTTTCCACGACGGTGACA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 11) Sequence of DNA target 2: 5′-GAGGAGCCGCAGTCAGAT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 12) Sequence of DNA target 3: 5′-TTTCCGTCTGGGCTTCTT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 13) Sequence of DNA target 4: 5′-TGACGGAGGTTGTGAGGC-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 14) Sequence of DNA target 5: 5′-TGTGGTGGTGCCCTATGA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 15) Sequence of DNA target 6: 5′-GCCCATCCTCACCATCAT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 16) Sequence of DNA target 7: 5′-AATCTCCGCAAGAAAGGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 17) Sequence of DNA target 8: 5′-CCCCAGCCAAAGAAGAAA-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 18) Sequence of DNA target 9: 5′-AACTCAAGGATGCCCAGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 19) Sequence of DNA target 10: 5′-CAGTCTACCTCCCGCCAT-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 20)
Immobilization of the DNA probe can be accomplished by various methods. In this embodiment, the DNA probe was immobilized by using a spotter, and the DNA probe solution was spotted on a slide glass coated with poly-L-lysine by the tip of a spotter. The DNA probes were spotted in a line from the side of the solution inlet 304 to the side of the connection port 305 in the order of from DNA probe 1 to DNA probe 10. After the spotting, the slide glass was exposed to steam for several seconds for rehydration, and the DNA probe was immobilized by irradiating with UV of 60 mJ in a UV cross linker. In order to prevent non-specific hybridization, the slide glass was immersed in a blocking solution for 20 minutes, and washed with pure water and ethanol in this order. The blocking solution was prepared by mixing 335 mL of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 5.5 g of succinic anhydride, and 15 mL of 1M sodium borate (pH 8.0). The hybridization buffer solution used was 4�SSC−0.1% SDS solution, and the solution was prepared so that concentration of the target DNA was 1�10−10M. Immediately before the analysis, the sample solution containing the target DNA was heated to 94� C. for 2 minutes for denaturation, and the solution was cooled on ice. The analysis was conducted by the procedure as described below. First, the thermal chamber 322 was set at 45� C., and left at this temperature for 10 minutes for stabilization. Next, 10 μL of the sample solution that had been kept on ice was introduced into the solution inlet 304. The three way valve 327 was opened in the direction to communicate the syringe 325 and the connection port 305, and the syringe pump 326 was operated to introduce and pass the sample solution to and through the channel 303 having the DNA probes spotted therein. Since the channel 303 has an interior volume of up to 1 μL, the sample solution that had been introduced in the channel 303 passes through the connection port 305 to become introduced in the capillary 329. The syringe pump 326 was stopped when the syringe 325 has moved 10 μL which is the volume identical with the volume of the sample. The capillary 329 between the three way valve 327 and the connection port 305 was designed to have an interior volume exceeding 10 μL so that the sample solution would not reach the three way valve 327. The piston of the syringe 325 was moved back and forth by the syringe pump 326 to move the sample solution back and forth in the channel 303 having the DNA probe immobilized therein to thereby promote the hybridization. In this embodiment, the volumetric flow rate was 10 μL per minute. It is important that the volumetric flow rate used is determined so that a turbulent flow is at least partly induced in the channel 303 by the projection (the projection 311 described for
In this embodiment, a combination of PDMS resin and a slide glass for the material was used in producing the device. The device can be also produced by adhering a glass component with another glass component, or by using other resins (for example, polymethyl methacrylate). In addition, surface irregularities of various configurations in the channel can be utilized in addition to the simple repetition of cubic projections. Since the turbulent flow occurs in the vicinity of the structure, the distance between the site of spotting the DNA probe and the structure is critical. Since the distance required for the formation of the established flow in the case of a simple channel is believed to be a distance about several folds of the width of the channel, the distance between the center of the spot of the DNA probe and the center of the structure in the direction of the solution flow is preferably designed to be up to about threefold the width of the channel in the plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of the solution flow, namely, the height or distance between the interior surface of the channel where the spot has been provided and the opposite interior surface of the channel. Alternatively, glass beads and other obstacles may be accommodated in the channel having the DNA probe immobilized therein instead of providing a structure in the channel as in the case of the first embodiment to thereby cause a turbulent flow in the flow of the solution to thereby increase the hybridization speed. The fluorescence can also be directly measured in this case with an optical means such as a DNA chip scanner if the obstacles are optically substantially transparent, and if not substantially transparent, the obstacles may be removed after the reaction and before the measurement. While the DNA measurement device described in this embodiment has been a chemical analysis system wherein a DNA is used for the prove to measure the DNA, an immunoanalysis utilizing an antibody or like may also be carried out, and the molecule immobilized may comprise proteins other than the nucleic acid or the antibody. The analyte may also comprise a nucleic acid, a protein, and a biological molecule. While the molecule measured in this embodiment is the captured molecule, a chemical analysis device utilizing an enzyme sensor, for example, is also contemplated wherein the product of the specific reaction between the immobilized enzyme and the analyte molecule is detected in another region in the downstream. While the captured molecule is detected by using fluorometry, a highly sensitive chemical analysis system can also be constituted by using measurements such as chemiluminescence, color reaction, and surface plasmon scattering.
The present invention has realized a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method which exhibit high reaction efficiency as well as high sample throughput. The present invention has also realized a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method which are useful when the reaction should be completed in a short time and the number of the target molecule is small. The present invention has also realized a chemical reaction device, a chemical reaction system, and a chemical reaction method which are highly sensitive.
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|Arenkov et al., "Protein Microchips: Use for Immunoassay and Enzymatic Reactions", Analytical Biochemistry, Jun. 7, 1999, pp. 123-131.
|Fodor et al., "Light-Directed, Spatially Addressable Parallel Chemical Synthesis", Research Article, Feb. 15, 1991, pp. 767-773.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 30, 2009
|Jun 21, 2011
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Chemical reaction device, chemical reaction system, and chemical reaction method
|Dec 25, 2006
|Aug 12, 2014
|Institute Of Microchemical Technology
|Microchips, kits, and methods for immunoassays
|Dec 30, 2009
|Jul 22, 2010
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Chemical reaction device, chemical reaction system, and chemical reaction method
|Dec 25, 2006
|Oct 14, 2010
|Masaya Kakuta
|Microchips, kits, and methods for immunoassays
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 26, 2004
Owner name: HITACHI, LTD., JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOHARA, YOSHINOBU;OKANO, KAZUNORI;NODA, HIDEYUKI;REEL/FRAME:015403/0398
Effective date: 20040323
Owner name: HITACHI, LTD.,JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOHARA, YOSHINOBU;OKANO, KAZUNORI;NODA, HIDEYUKI;REEL/FRAME:015403/0398
Effective date: 20040323
|Dec 7, 2010
|Certificate of correction
|Jul 24, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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Andrews government bans coal-seam gas 'fracking' in Victoria
One week after energy ministers met to consider opening up Australia's gas market, Victoria Labor announces permanent legislative ban on coal-seam gas fracking.
One week after energy ministers met to consider opening up Australia's gas market, Victoria Labor announces permanent legislative ban on coal-seam gas fracking.
Josh Frydenberg's apparent shift in thinking on renewables is welcome, but his call to end moratoriums on unconventional gas is profoundly out of step.
As SA nears 50% renewables, one company plans to "gasify" reserves of closed Leigh Creek coal mine, in hopes of building "baseload" gas plant.
Oregon becomes 1st US state to legislate to eliminate coal power use by 2025; while NSW introduces new measures against CSG protesters, which it dubs "eco-fascists."
AGL cites low oil and gas prices for sudden exit from gas exploration and production, and all its coal seam gas assets. Environmentalists hail major victory, as AGL says it wants to focus on "energy evolution".
The search for CSG is just the latest round in an ongoing contest for the ground beneath our feet.
Considered a 'clean coal' technology, underground coal gasification has a not-so clean record. Are concerns about its environmental impacts justified?
As state governments and developers scream for approval to dig up their fossil fuel reserves, and mainstream analysts warn about an impending market crunch, the focus is turning to financiers and fund managers on a simple question: Can they get their timing right?
Bloomberg says gas boom has turned into whopper bust, leaving industry loaded with depressed assets and 'disappointing' wells, on top of falling prices.
Australia has been dealt a very good hand in the global mining boom – our abundant renewable energy resource is the ace in the hole.
A new report released by Deutsche Bank says the global coal market faces a combined threat of steadily growing supply and a levelling-off or decline in demand. A threat, it says, that should guide rational decision-making to delay all major expansion. But will governments really act rationally?


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Irish Open: Rory McIlroy can't wait to get going
Published 28/06/2012
Rory McIlroy is worried his course record of 61 at Royal Portrush might be in serious danger at this week's Irish Open.
The Holywood superstar tweeted from the course that the Dunluce Links was in such good condition for the tournament that someone could go out and shoot a round of 60.
"Played 18 this morning. Portrush in great nick. Think my course record might be in jeopardy though!"
Of course Royal Portrush has been significantly lengthened since McIlroy's 61 in the North of Ireland Amateur Open in 2005 at the age of 16 and Patrick McCrudden, in the field as one of four Ulster amateurs this week, is the current record holder after his 68 earlier this year.
McIlroy was taking a leaf out of Tiger Woods' book by getting to the course early to avoid the huge crowds who gathered to watch the practice rounds.
"I've never seen anything like it on the Tuesday at a European Tour event," he said after completing 18 holes with best mate Harry Diamond.
"It's more like an Open Championship than a normal tournament.
"The crowds here are just amazing and it already feels very special to be here."
Even though he missed the cut in his defence of the US Open title in San Francisco earlier this month, McIlroy is still the bookies favourite to lift the Irish Open trophy on Sunday evening.
And he says he feels much more in control of his game after working with coach Michael Bannon before heading to the north Antrim coast.
"I feel like I'm swinging really well at the minute and my game is exactly where I want it to be," he said.
"I really hope the sun does shine this week, especially for the sake of all the people coming here."
While McIlroy grabs the lion's share of attention this week, Rathmore's Alan Dunbar isn't ruling out the chance of him being upstaged by one of the other Ulstermen in the field.
And the 22-year-old, fresh from his British Amateur championship at Royal Troon last week, said he didn't see any reason why one of the four Northern Ireland amateurs in the field couldn't win at Royal Portrush.
"We are all playing in the tournament and we are all playing for a reason and we are all good golfers," he said.
"I'm sure Shane Lowry was asked about it before he won, so it's definitely possible."
Dunbar, from the neighbouring Rathmore club, intends to turn professional if he earns his European Tour card, even though it would mean missing out on invitations to both the Masters and the US Open next season.
But Michael Hoey, British Amateur winner in 2001 and who played at Augusta the following year, says he should reconsider that decision.
"If you turn pro you need to be in the top 50 in the world to get into Augusta," he said.
"At the minute he's in the field for that and for the US Open, which I didn't get to, so I would say wait and play those events.
"It's a long career and there's plenty of time."
Dunbar is probably the most highly-tuned player in the field for this week's Irish Open.
He played no less than 11 rounds on his way to the coveted amateur crown in Scotland last week.
"That's what these guys play in two weeks," he said.
"I am a bit tired but I have been resting up for the past few days so I'll be ready for Thursday to give it 100 per cent."
Holding his nerve coming down the stretch to win the last two holes for victory last week will stand Dunbar in great stead for playing in front of the thousands who will flow into Royal Portrush this week.
Even seasoned professionals have been amazed at the projected crowd numbers for each day. But Dunbar will take it all in his stride.
"Playing the Walker Cup was a nerve-racking experience and I don't think the nerves I felt there will ever be matched," he said.
"I was nervous coming down the last few holes at the British Amateur but I was still well in control.
"I don't really know why I felt so much in control.
"I just sort of knew I was going to have a chance to win, for some reason, and to get the job done was great.
"Coming here your first thought is just to try to make sure that you get through to the weekend.
"You come through a week like Scotland and your expectations can obviously get very high.
"I'm just trying to play well on Thursday and Friday and hopefully I can get through to the weekend and then have a couple of good rounds."
Belfast Telegraph


text:
ODESSA - Mike Gorman stopped 22 shots Saturday night to earn his second consecutive shutout against Amarillo in the Odessa Jackalopes' 2-0 victory over the Rattlers at Ector County Coliseum.
The loss is the third in a row for Amarillo (10-14-4, 24 points), which returns to the ice Wednesday at New Mexico. The Rattlers are 2-5-2 thus far in December.
Odessa (17-7-4, 38 points) won its third consecutive contest.
Scoring late in the first period, the Jackalopes placed their emphasis on defense in front of Gorman - the top goaltender in the Central Hockey League. After a scoreless second period, Trevor Allman added an insurance goal in the third for the final margin.
Gorman's performance matched his 2-0 victory at Amarillo on Dec. 8.
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Two Lovers is a strange one.
It's virtually impossible to watch Joaquin Phoenix stumble and mumble his way through this beautifully morose romance - he's a suicidal sadsack named Leonard Kraditor, living in his parents' tchotchke-strewn Brooklyn apartment - and to buy his character for a second.
At least, not to buy writer-director James Gray's premise that two beautiful women, one played by Gwyneth Paltrow, the other by Vinessa Shaw, would be interested in this mope. But the odd magic of Two Lovers - set in the unhip precincts of Brighton Beach, in a mostly middle-class, mostly Jewish enclave - is that even though you don't buy Leonard, or the affections shown to him by these women, you're compelled to watch, and compelled by the movie's melancholy soul.


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Added by AnyClip Subscribe 2 727
Published 25 Jul 2012
The clip Sending the kids away from Cinderella Man (2005) with Renée Zellweger, Russell Crowe. Powered by: ...
The clip Sending the kids away from Cinderella Man (2005) with Renée Zellweger, Russell Crowe. Powered by: Anyclip. any moment from any film. Howard?s fever was getting worse, and then Rosy started to sneeze. Where are they, Mae? Jimmy, we can?t even keep ?em warm. Where are the kids? The boys'll sleep on the sofa at my father?s. Rosy'll stay at my sister?s. Jimmy, we can?t keep ?em. You don't make decisions about our children without me. What if they get really sick? We already owe Dr. Macdonald... If we send ?em away, then all this is for nothing. It's just until... What else is it for? If we can?t stay together, we?ve lost, we?ve given up! I am not giving up! I am trying to protect our children! Mae, I promised him. Outside the butcher?s I looked him in the eyes and I promised him with all my heart I would never, ever send him away. You can?t do this. You weren?t here. You can?t break my promise. Jim, you didn?t see. You weren?t here. I'm sorry. I'm sorry, Jimmy.


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Looks like the rumor mill just can't get enough of Apple TV. This time, the speculations are on a deal between Apple and Comcast to bring channels from the US largest cable TV network to the Apple TV. And as per analysts, Apple TV 4 might be the first one to feature the same.
This Friday, Apple revealed a major security glitch in Apple's iOS devices, relatated to SSL implementation. Later analysts looked into it only to find that OS X and Apple TV are also affected and that it is an easily exploitable yet a seriously injurious one.
Black Friday… – all those gadgets that you've hovered over the purchase button all year round have now dropped in price and are in that impulse purchase territory.
Here we highlight the best deals for AirPlay speakers as part of Black Friday.
Jony Ive – to the world he is Apple's Senior Vice President, Design, reporting directly to Apple CEO Tim Cook. He is the leading technology innovator of the world, a whiz who has for decades been the head of the world's best design team and whom Steve Jobs called his "spiritual partner." However, little is known of Jonathan Ive's true story and his rise to Apple's chief innovator. Leander Kahney's newest book, entitled Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple's Greatest Products, has changed this and demystified the creative genius.
The November doldrums are setting in over here as we gear up for the frosty months to come so it's more vital than ever to maintain a vibrant variety of indoor entertainment options before the white stuff starts falling from the sky. If you're in a similar seasonal situation then scope this week's selections for some tasty, toasty cinematic relief from the chilly breezes and then go ahead and snuggle until you just can't snuggle no more!


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SET 1: Runaway Jim, Cavern > Reba[1], I Didn't Know, Sparkle, Stash, Scent of a Mule, Sample in a Jar
SET 2: Harry Hood > Bouncing Around the Room > Also Sprach Zarathustra > Maze, The Lizards, Hold Your Head Up > Terrapin > Hold Your Head Up, You Enjoy Myself, Hello My Baby[2]
ENCORE: A Day in the Life
Add a Review
Mike Gordon: September 23, 2016
4 days ago
Catskill Chill at New Minglewood
Set 1: Say Something, Jumping, Waking Up Dead[1], Andelmans' Yard, Horizon Line, How Do I Know > Looking for Clues, Don't Chin The Dog, Let's Go[1], Tiny Little World
Encore: Yarmouth Road
[1] Mike Gordon debut.
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