text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 7, 1998
|Filing date
|May 2, 1995
|Priority date
|May 2, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Jack Lee
|Original Assignee
|3Com Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (62), Classifications (8), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates in general to computer networks, and in particular to computer networks having a network protocol that requires testing or determining the status of links between the computers.
Many computer network protocols today have features where the link between one of the stations or computers, to another computer or network component such as a hub ridge or router, is periodically tested to determine if there is a failure on the link.
One way to determine if a link has failed, is to send out a transmission over a transmit line, and wait to get a response over a receive line. If no answer is received, the sending station will conclude that either the transmit or receive line is defective. Various different signalling schemes have been proposed in order to determine whether the transmit line or the receive line has failed and how to convey this information to the proper station in as short a time as possible.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has created a Computer Network Protocol Standard 802. This standard indicates how often signals are to be sent out, and what signals are sent out depending on the condition of the lines. Various modifications are allowed in this standard and applicant has proposed such modifications in U.S. patent application 07/680,098 filed Apr. 3, 1991 which is hereby incorporated by reference. All of these methods and devices for determining link status, rely on the fact that a suitable response is not received to a previous transmission.
Before a station can conclude that there is a link failure, that station must wait for a sufficient amount of time for a suitable response. This is to insure that the lack of a proper response is actually due to a link failure, and not due to the receiving station being otherwise occupied. The International Standard Organization's (ISO) model sets forth waiting periods or time out periods. If a proper response is not received by the end of the time out period, the transmitting station can conclude that there has been a link failure. The time out is a safeguard to insure that a higher layer session (or connection) between two devices is valid and not erroneously indicated as defective. If a connection breaks, at least one of the devices will know that the session is no longer valid. Eventually the end user will be notified of the break and may require some type of intervention. The connection break can be sensed in different ISO layers, however the bulk of the effort has been focused at the physical layer, in the UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) or the connector assembly. In a NOS (Network Operating System) such as Novell's Netware™ a transmission of a frame must be acknowledged by the receiving device. If the transmitting device does not receive this acknowledgement by some predetermine time, it will resend the frame and after a predetermined retry count, the session will time out. Other NOS's have similar safeguards and provide slightly different implementations. Each has user selectable parameters, such as timer limits and number of retries. Roughly speaking, the time outs are, using defaults limits in published literature, in the 5 to 20 second range, 500 msec time out for each retry and 20 retries. Furthermore, some NOS's periodically send "hello messages" and require a response. There seems to be endless possibilities to provided this safeguard, each with user selectable parameters to optimize the network performance for their particular need. In each, once a time out occurs the NOS will have to reestablish the connection at this (ISO) layer. In general, this a rather lengthy process and might require user intervention.
N-way is an optional function described in the draft standard 802.3 u (100 Mbit Ethernet). It is an out of band signaling method that a provides a means for two devices to auto-negotiate any common ability for communication. If the devices have the ability to communicate via the methods described in 802.3 u or 802.3 type 10Base-T (10 Mbit Ethernet) the signaling will auto-negotiate such that they find a common communication method. This signaling is performed during a power up (re-initialization) or embedded between frames. For the cat 5 transmission scheme, N-way signaling is performed before any inband information is sent, such as during a power up. The signaling does not come from a higher layer, from the MAC (Media Access Control), thus the signaling is called an out of band signal. For a nonsymmetrical break on the wire, N-way provides a remote fault signal to be transmitted if a receiver does not see proper signals from its communication partner. FIG. 1 shows an asymmetrical break, A does not directly have a way to know if its transmit path to B is valid. Since B does not see any signaling in its receiver, B will transmit a remote fault signal to A. Thus A will know that its transmit path is broken. If both devices have this remote fault function (sensing and indication) then all non-symmetrical breaks can be detected.
Time out is again the issue. N-way must wait for timeouts to expire to indicate a break and to evoke the proper bit to indicate the remote fault signal. According to the 802.3 u, the total time needed to expire is 1.7 to 2.5 sec. After such indication, the end devices must have a means to switch over in a timely fashion if a redundant link is available. N-way is approaching the magnitudes of a higher layer time out, and this would require relatively fast action by a microprocessor. If a slow microprocessor is used, performance can be degraded since any correction of the fault, such as switching over to a redundant line, can be one of many tasks. Another issue is that the remote fault sensing is an optional function (refer to 802.3 u). It is not known if all connecting devices complying to 802.3 will have this feature. Indication of a remote fault feature will work if both end devices have this feature. If only one end device has this feature, complete fault coverage of asymmetrical breaks is not obtained.
The length and number of time outs that must occur before a link is sensed as being defective, and/or before a link can be re-established as being satisfactory, is a source for delays in communications between stations. Very often certain components on network will have redundant links between themselves and the network. This way if one link were to fail, the redundant link could be used and communication could continue. These redundant links are often used in bridge components which connect two LAN's (Local Area Networks). For a share medium, placing address fields in the frame provides a mechanism for devices to know the source of each frame. Furthermore, this layer 2 interconnection (or MAC bridges) can be placed to segment a LAN for better throughput or efficiency. In FIG. 2, a two port MAC bridge is placed between two LAN's (LAN A and LAN B) and provides segmentation of the two LAN's. The bridge will forward frames destined for the specific LAN based on the address field of each frame and prevents frames from going into a LAN segment that it is not destined for. The bridge is essentially filtering frames, thus prevented unnecessary frames from LAN A going into LAN B, the same is true in the other direction.
An extension of this idea is to allow multi port bridges as shown in FIG. 3. A multi port bridge can segment a LAN into smaller segments or allow redundant connection in each segment. The issue with this approach is that frame replication can occur when redundant links are kept open. Therefore the redundant links must be closed.
A spanning tree algorithm was developed to resolve this by "pruning" any redundant connection (or getting rid of any loops in this layer). The Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) is a method for interconnecting MAC devices (part of layer 2). ISO defines this as the Dated Link Layer, or the medium access method (MAC), it must follow specific protocols;
1) Transmission and reception of data in a shared medium (bus or ring topology)
2) the formatting of data and definition of the fields in each frame
3) each MAC has a unique hardware address
At this layer, data is formatted to the following,
1) start delimiter
2) source and destination address
3) data with error checking
4) end delimiter.
The spanning tree algorithm breaks any redundant connection at layer 2 but does not break the connection at the wiring. In order to achieve this, each MAC bridge must send a "Bridge Protocol Data Unit" (BPDU) to advertise port ID and bridge ID, these are bridge specific parameters. The STA selects a root bridge and the "root" port of each bridge based from the information advertized from each bridge. The root port in each bridge will transmit and receive data, while the non root ports will not pass any data (data in this case is consider layer 2 frames and higher). After the STA has converged (when it eliminates all loops), the root bridge sends a configuration message at 1 to 10 second intervals, to sense the configuration of the network. If a connection is broken between two LAN segments, the STA will ensure that the root port of a bridge will time out and will eventually send a "topology change notification" BPDU. When the root bridge is notified of this change, it will invoke actions to remedy this. For example, if two multi port bridges were connected between two LANs the STA will select a root port from each bridge, if this root port connection was broken, then the STA will select a new root port in each bridge thus providing the redundancy. The problem with this is the time out at higher layers (where the NOS comes into play). The configuration messages come every 1 to 10 seconds and more time is needed for the root ports in STA to time out and then to evoke the proper action. For large networks, reconfiguration can be a lengthy time process.
Therefore if a primary link was to fail, a station or bridge would only know about it after the required time outs have expired. Then in order to switch to the redundant link, additional signals must be sent over the redundant link in order to verify that it is operational. These verifying signals, are also subject to time out conditions.
It is an object of the present invention to determine computer network link failure without having to transmit a test signal and wait for a time out period in order to determine the status of the link.
The present invention accomplishes this object by measuring at a transmitting, or first, end of a link, a signal reflected from a receiving, or second, end of the link. Data to be communicated over the link and through the computer network is a multi-level signal where each level corresponds to a bit of data. Thus the bit rate of data on the network determines the level changes, and the frequency content of the signal. The data to be transmitted is converted or scrambled in such a way to approximate a random (pseudo random) sequence of information. For coherency, the receiver must reconvert or descramble the signal. The conversion or scrambling reduces spectral lines in the frequency domain and distributes the spectral power over a wider range. Such techniques are also useful for timing recovery and adaptive filtering techniques. This scrambling or conversion is also important with respect to radiation, since it leads to lowering the magnitude at the radiated path. Such random or pseudo random processes have a known spectrum.
If two paths of a transmission line are spaced far apart, and the frequency of a signal on the paths is very small or at a dc value, there is very little electromagnetic field interaction between the two paths. However when the lines are spaced close to each other, and the frequency is increased, capacitive and inductive effects are formed between the paths. Then the path begins to act like one plate of a capacitor with the other path acting as the other plate of the capacitor. Also both paths have varying magnetic fields which interact with each other and cause each path to act as an inductor. In general a transmission line has two important features namely Zo, the characteristic impedance, and L, the length of the line.
The line can be further represented by "black box" analysis. For the simple case of a two port linear time invariant system, voltage and currents are applied in one port while a measured value is obtained at the other side of the system. The input to output relation then characterizes the system. These relationships can be placed in matrix form so that its inherent structure can be used for further analysis.
The ABCD matrix is defined as ##EQU1##
For a general line, its ABCD matrix representation is ##EQU2## where a(f) is the propagation equation
Category 5 UTP imperfections occur due to non ideal conductors, dielectric and twist. The result of non ideal twist are;
1. Differential to common mode conversion, insufficient cancellation of the differential nature of the signal.
2. Crosstalk, same as above.
3. Characteristic impedance is not uniform.
Published performed experiments have shown Zo variations in short segments (10 feet). Also, the Zo is random. In general one segment cannot predict with some knowledge, the value for an adjacent segment (this implies independence). Some periodicity was seen but this was for long cable distances.
To get a good characterization of the reflection coefficient, one can build a model based from the published experiments. A 100 meter UTP transmission line is segmented into smaller lengths, approximately 1 meter. Using the ABCD matrix, a scaled version can be defined. ##EQU3## where; L is the total length of the line
1 is the length of each segment
Zn is a randomly generated value of that particular segment
Usage of the ABCD matrix results in a cascaded structure which is simply matrix multiplication ##STR1##
So the cascaded structure yields a composite UTP model which represents the non uniform Zo due to non ideal twisting. This assumes the segments are sufficiently small so that it closely approximates to a distributed system.
By definition, the reflection coefficient is
Z1(f)-Zo(f)!/ Z1(f)+Zo(f)!
while the return loss is
20*log| Z1(f)-Zo(f)!/ Z1(f)+Zo(f)l !
Intuitively, both equations represent the amount of signal not absorbed by the load (Z1) and thus reflected back to the source. In our composite model, let Zc be the characteristic impedance of the cascade structure. Therefore, the reflected signal is
and Zc can be found from the ABCD matrix by using the fact Zc=V1/I1.
note the freq dependency has been dropped
A detector can be made to discriminate between a transmitted signal versus its reflected signal. This implies a detector which can sense signal direction. Consider the circuit shown in FIG. 7.
At the point Vx, it will not detect signals from the tx driver while it will see the reflected signals. A similar circuit has been used for echo cancellation, but for our application we want to detect the signals reflected back due to mismatches.
As defined in TP-PMD standard (X3T12 spec), a scrambler will be used prior to three level encoding. The power spectral density (PSD) can be calculated by considering the finite state machine shown in FIG. 11.
Using stochastic process; ##EQU4## the output response of a linear system is; Sy(f)=Sx(f)|H(f)| 2
Analysis of scrambled MLT3 coding shows that it has low frequency content, see the attached simulation results in FIGS. 12-25. In the case of an open or a short, the detector will sense a large amount of the low frequency signals due to the reflection coefficient and the low frequency content of the code. For the terminated case, the low frequency content of the code is attenuated by the reflection coefficient, thus the reflected signals are very small. So the mean square value of the system is; ##EQU5## where; Sx(f) is the PSD of the scrambled MLT3 code
H(f) is the cascade of the UTP reflection, direction
sensing and a low pass filter
Graphically, this is represented in FIG. 26
FIGS. 12-25 are results of the frequency domain and the time domain behavior of CAT 5 UTP as measured in the lab and from simulation using the ABCD matrix method. Examination of the results shows the following;
1. Terminated case: At low frequency very little signal is reflected back.
2. Open and short case: The low frequency content has increased, thus a large amount of signal will be reflected back.
3. All cases: As frequency increases, reflected signal increases. A low pass filter is needed to eliminate the high frequency component to ensure proper fault detection.
4. The time domain shows consistent behavior. Note that the model is pessimistic in the signal loss.
Further simulations shows that a 20 dB margin can be achieved by sensing the rms value of the signal when it is properly terminated versus the fault condition (open or a short). Also note that lab and simulation was performed with 100 meter line length. At shorter distances, more signal is reflected back (due to lower insertion loss). The 100 meter simulations represents a group of worst case scenarios.
The IEEE standard 802.3 u describes a transmission method to communicate 100 Mbit of information between end devices, the media access method is CSMA/CD (Collision Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) while the actual transmission method is described in TP-PMD X3T12.
The link between computers, contains a transmit line and a receive line. Each of these lines can be considered a transmission line in electromagnetic field theory. Such transmission lines are known to have characteristic imperfections which hinders the propagation of a signal. A transmitter transmitting a signal onto such a transmission line will configure the signal for the characteristic impedance and imperfections. In order for optimum transmission of the signal, the load at the end of the transmission line, or the second end of the link, should have the same impedance as the transmission line or link. If the load does not have the same impedance as the link, not all of the signal will pass through the load, and a portion of the signal will be reflected back to the transmitter in a direction opposite to the direction that the signal was initially transmitted.
Generally when a link fails, the impedance of the load changes. Often failures are due to the line being open or short circuited. Such a condition causes a much different impedance at the end or termination of the line, and there is a significant reflected signal transmitted back to the transmitting end. By measuring the reflected signal, the status of the line as being satisfactory or defective can be determined. Since the signal is substantially continuous, random and of a known spectrum, a failure in the link will show up instantaneously, and the transmitting station will immediately know that there has been a link failure. By a known spectrum, Applicant is describing a spectrum which appears random or is pseudo-random, but the statistics or probabilities are known. Therefore, any deviation from the known statistics indicates a fault. The station can then take appropriate action. Correspondingly a redundant link can be quickly tested to determine if it is operational. The need for waiting through time out periods, and successive numbers of retrys, is not needed. Also the measuring of the detected signal, can be performed at a very low hardware level, and therefore higher levels of the operating system do not need to be involved, especially when switching between a primary and a redundant link.
This method is especially suited for IEEE standard 802.3 u due to the large data rate of 100 Mbit, especially the transmission method specifying the usage of category 5UTP. Category 5UTP has inherent known physical characteristics and hardware implementations correct these transmission impairments. Therefore the method and device for transforming the data into a substantially continuous signal with a substantially uniform and known spectrum, along with measuring the reflected signal, is well suited to determine link failure in networks according to IEEE standard 802.3 u. Such methods and devices can operate much faster than those methods using test signals, and they can be implemented into the existing standard while still being compatible with the standard. The method and detection of the present invention can also be used to fulfil the link status requirement of the IEEE 802 standard.
It is further an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for detecting link failure which is simple in design rugged in construction and economical to manufacture.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a link between device A and device B showing an asymmetrical break;
FIG. 2 shows two separate LANs connected by a bridge;
FIG. 3 shows several LANs connected by bridges having redundant links;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of work stations connected to a concentrator;
FIG. 5 shows a link between two stations;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the network module of a station;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the link status means;
FIGS. 8 through 10 show different configuration examples of network modules with primary and redundant links;
FIG. 11 shows a finite state machine used to calculate the power spectral density;
FIGS. 12 through 25 are results of frequency domain and time domain behavior of category 5 UTP;
FIG. 26 is a graphic representation of the transfer function of the link.
Referring to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 4, the present invention has a plurality of stations each connected to a concentrator 10 by links 8. Most of the network management is performed in the concentrator, with individual workstations communicating between each other through the concentrator 10. As shown in FIG. 5, the concentrator 10 and the stations 1 have a physical layer or network module 2 which takes care of the physical requirements of transmitting over the link 8. The link 8 includes two lines 3 and 4. One of the lines being a transmit line and the other being a receive line depending on the point of view of the station 1 or the concentrator 10. From a point of view of the station 1, line 4 is a transmit line and line 3 is a receive line. Each line is further broken down into electrically conductive paths such as 5 and 6 as shown in FIG. 7, and described further on.
Inside the network module 2, as shown in FIG. 6, is a receiver 7 and a transmitter 9. The actual data to be transmitted is received by the network module 2 over a data line 11. A conversion means 12 converts this data into a substantially continuous signal and with a random but known substantially consistent spectrum. From there the signal is received by a transmitter 9 where it is configured to the characteristic impedance and imperfections of the link, and to the load at the receiver. A link status means 13 is positioned in between the transmitter 9 and the transmit line 3. The link status means 13 measures the amount of signal reflected back from the transmission line 3. Ideally if the load is properly matched to the transmission line, there will be no reflected signal. If the reflected signal is greater than an acceptable limit, the link status means 13 indicates that the link is defective, preferably along a link status line 14.
The link status means 13 preferably comprises first and second branches 15 and 16, as shown in FIG. 7. The first branch includes first and second sensing loads 17, 18 connected in series, and the second branch includes sensing load 27 in series with the transmission line and load 19. Each of the sensing loads 17, 18, and 27 having an impedance which is substantially equal to that of the load 19. The first path 5 of the transmission line 3 is connected to one end of the sensing load 27 of the second branch 16 and to the load 19. The second path 6 of the transmission line 3 is connected to ground.
A measurement Vx is taken from a point 28 between the first and second sensing loads 17, 18 of the first branch, to the point 29 in between the load 27 and the load 19 of the second branch 16. In this circuit as shown in FIG. 7, the continuous signalling is driven by a voltage source. If the end of the line is shorted or open, all of the reflected signal will go back to the source. If the line is not open or shorted, a very small, if any, amount of signal is reflected back. The link status means 13 or direction sensing circuit, positioned at the transmitting end of the link, will detect these fault conditions. By measuring the difference Vx, the transmitting driver's voltage will cancel out while any reflected signals will be seen coming from the load 19. A similar circuit is used for bi-directional transmission due to its inherent echo cancellation section. However in the present invention the circuit is designed for sensing an echo and thus detecting a fault in the line.
The standard TP-PMD developed by X3T12 (standards body) describes a mechanism for scrambling data. Using FIG. 6, the scrambling is in the conversion means 12. To comply to the TP-PMD, the signals must be continuous and scrambled. This signal then goes to the finite state machine shown in FIG. 11 which performs a two-level to three-level encoding. Given the above conditions--continuous, scrambling and encoded signaling--the new signal going into the transmitter (9 in FIG. 6) can be considered a stochastic process. The scrambler causes the signal into 9 to be non-deterministic (or known in a probable sense). And having a descrambler reconvert the signal at the receiver will make the signal deterministic. Since the link status means does not have this descrambler, the signals at this point are still considered stochastic (known in the probable sense). Statistical-based information can be obtained, such as the power spectral density (PSD or the spectrum). The technique used to calculate the power spectral density is not shown since it is known, and there are several techniques to calculate this. Thus a person skilled in this subject matter can calculate the PSD, but knowledge of state machine as shown in FIG. 11 is needed. The result and knowledge of the PSD mean is useful. By inspecting the PSD, one can see the frequency content of the code and the mean square value (or rms value) of the code or as it passes through a known system.
Given that this statistic and the frequency domain behavior of cat 5 UTP (terminated and not terminated) are known. Further analysis shows that a low pass filter can be used to sense the low frequency content of signals reflected back. When cat 5 UTP is terminated properly, very little signal (or energy) is reflected back. When cat 5 UTP is not terminated, the low frequency behavior changes, and allows signals with low frequency content to pass through the low pass filter. The signal flow is shown in FIG. 26. The low frequency behavioral changes from lab results are shown in FIGS. 12 to 16, while the results in FIG. 17 are from computer simulations. The time domain results from the lab and computer simulation further validates the analysis. Since the spectrum of the code is known along with the frequency behavior of the cat 5 UTP (for terminated and not terminated), the new statistic (derived by the new spectrum) can be obtained from fundamental concepts of stochastic processes. This is outlined later, while FIG. 26 shows the signal flow. By sensing the rms value of this reflected signal, the present invention is still relying on the statistical nature of the signal, but this is altered by the linear time invariant system composed of the low pass filter and the frequency domain behavior of the cat 5 UTP. So, given that the spectrum of the code, low pass filter and cat 5 UTP are known, the new statistic (or rms value) can be obtained consistently.
A distributed algorithm can be developed so that a redundant switchover can be achieved. It is a mandatory requirement in IEEE standard 802.3 u that the receiver in each end device employs a squelch circuit to sense the continuous signal. By placing the sensing circuit or status means on the transmitter of each device to detect opens and shorts, the majority of fault conditions can be detected. This will provide complete coverage of all non-symmetrical fault conditions since one side can detect all possible non-symmetrical breaks. This also provides a significant advantage because it does not rely on a communication partner for any remote fault signalling. From an interoperability point of view, the communication partner does not need any extra requirements other than compliance to IEEE standard 802.3 u, no optional function is needed. In terms of time outs, this method will be faster since the break condition is sensed on the receive and transmit ports, thus no real time indicator or processor intervention is needed to report to higher operational layers.
FIGS. 8-10 show configuration examples of network modules 2 with primary and redundant, or secondary, links. FIGS. 8 and 9 show two different configuration examples wherein the connection is performed in the second layer, or layer 2 of a network protocol. FIG. 10 shows a layer 2 to layer 1, Ethernet repeater, connection. Note that the layer 2 to layer 2 connection is slightly restrictive in that both end devices need the same signalling method. The reason for this is that layer 2 frames will be filtered to higher layers (this is a restriction on all switchover schemes and STA addresses this by pruning). As an alternative, layer 2 does not need to be in the bypass path since this switchover method looks only at layer 1 information. In these embodiments, each primary and secondary link has its own physical module 20 which contains the conversion means 12, the transmitter 9, the link status means 13 and receiver 7. A link sense module 21 receives the link status line 14 from the physical module 20 and in the preferred embodiment, P- link equals 1 if the primary transmit line is satisfactory and the primary receive line is satisfactory, S- link equals 1 if the secondary transmit line is satisfactory and the secondary receive line is satisfactory. The network module 2 selects the primary link for communication if P- link equals 1 or if P- link equals 0 and S- link equals 0. The network module selects the secondary link for communication if P- link equals 0 and S- link equals 1. In FIG. 9, the switchover is made at the physical layer (phy or layer 1). The MAC is not part of the redundant link.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
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|Apparatus and method for preventing loops in a computer network
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|Database access security
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|Tracking and reconciling database commands
|Aug 2, 2005
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|Selective local database access restriction
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|Identifying attribute propagation for multi-tier processing
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|System and method for squelching a recovered clock in an ethernet network
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|Nondestructive interception of secure data in transit
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|Aug 27, 2013
|Scott E. Hrastar
|Modem apparatus for a cable data delivery system
|Dec 28, 2000
|Jul 12, 2001
|Phan Cao Thanh
|Management method for maintaining communications options within a private communications network
|Aug 14, 2001
|Dec 13, 2001
|Hrastar Scott E.
|Two-tiered authorization and authentication for a cable data delivery system
|May 31, 2001
|Feb 21, 2002
|Richardson William M.
|Method and system for computer network link with undefined termination condition
|Dec 7, 2001
|Apr 18, 2002
|Sateesh Andra
|Method for autonegotiating multiple devices with a shared autonegotiation controller
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|Jun 19, 2003
|D-Link Corporation
|Apparatus for multi-level loopback test in a community network system and method therefor
|Jul 23, 2003
|Jun 3, 2004
|Francis Koperda
|System and method for providing statistics for flexible billing in a cable environment
|Jan 3, 2005
|Mar 16, 2006
|Moshe Raab
|Database access security
|May 15, 2006
|Sep 14, 2006
|Marco Di Benedetto
|Apparatus and method for preventing loops in a computer network
|Sep 30, 2005
|Apr 5, 2007
|Amir Zinaty
|Periodic network controller power-down
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|May 17, 2007
|Ron Ben-Natan
|Methods and apparatus for tracking and reconciling database commands
|Jun 29, 2007
|Jan 1, 2009
|Moxa Networking Co., Ltd
|Network intermediary device with connection test packets
|Feb 11, 2008
|Aug 13, 2009
|Barnette James D
|System and method for detecting early link failure in an ethernet network
|Feb 11, 2008
|Aug 13, 2009
|Rock Jason C
|System and method for squelching a recovered clock in an ethernet network
|Aug 2, 2005
|May 27, 2010
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|Detection of bridge tap using frequency domain analysis
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|U.S. Classification
|370/248, 379/22, 370/252
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 2, 1995
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White Hart Inn by Good Night Inns2 Self rated
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About the hotel
An 18th Century coaching inn occupying a prominent position in the lovely market town of Buckingham, this fine Grade II listed hotel is the perfect base for business in Milton Keynes, shopping in Bicester Village, racing at Towcester or exploring the glorious Buckinghamshire countryside . Less than 20 minutes from the centre of Milton Keynes and with easy access to both the M1 and M40 motorways, The White Hart is ideally located for doing business in the area or planning a last minute trip. The hotel has a large free car park and fully equipped meeting rooms ideal for seminars or away days in a lovely market town.
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OK but with some issues
Generally my stay was fine.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
A teen crack dealer and a middle-aged cop face off in a New Jersey town. Novelist Price nails the fast, desperate talk and paints the dead-end hustles in living color. (Houghton-Mifflin)
Picks and Pans Review: Richard Price
updated 12/28/1992 AT 01:00 AM EST
•originally published 12/28/1992 AT 01:00 AM EST


text:
|Welcome to THR
|You are currently viewing our site as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions, articles and access our other FREE features. By joining our free community you will have, access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, and access many other special features. Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!
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|Thread Tools
|November 3, 2010, 08:05 AM
Join Date: October 5, 2004
Location: N. CA.
Posts: 1,171
"Safety trumps good manners." Joshua Scott
|November 4, 2010, 07:57 AM
Join Date: January 13, 2010
Location: Dallas, TX
Posts: 68
Maybe so, but I still think that person is a troll.
|November 15, 2010, 01:33 AM
Join Date: April 30, 2009
Posts: 15
I hope you don't hold this against all of us, I was born in California but I am trying to get out. I have enjoyed reading this thread and it pisses me off how california dreaming adds to the california steriotype. Good luck and I hope your hog problem doesn't get too too out of hand.
|November 15, 2010, 06:47 AM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
Welcome to the forum acoop.
No....I would never let the rants of one person...color my opinion of other people (let alone an entire State).
There are many fine people in California (and elsewhere).
|November 16, 2010, 02:13 PM
Join Date: October 5, 2004
Location: N. CA.
Posts: 1,171
"Safety trumps good manners." Joshua Scott
|December 1, 2010, 12:16 PM
Join Date: November 17, 2010
Posts: 5
i got a 12 gage, 30-06, .22, and a 44 super black hawk. when and where
|December 13, 2010, 07:09 PM
Join Date: December 9, 2010
Location: North GA
Posts: 32
Flint, You are one bad mutha, this entire thread was better than most hunting shows on the boob tube, thanx for the effort and the pics man.
|December 13, 2010, 07:17 PM
Join Date: December 9, 2010
Location: North GA
Posts: 32
I agree Flint, yhis entire thread was better than most of the hunting shows on these days, maybe someone should just pay you GOOD and film your day to day indeavers. Keep 'em comin brother.
|December 13, 2010, 09:39 PM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
Once Deer Season is over here...I will be back to slaying pigs (as they appear).
It is not anything I relish, just something done out of necessity.
But, if sharing my experiences will in any way help someone else, then I am glad to do it.
|December 19, 2010, 09:32 PM
Join Date: June 14, 2009
Location: Kentucky
Posts: 1,641
I don't know how I have been on THR for so long and missed out on this incredible thread. Flint, I admire both your commitment and penmanship, your thread is much appreciated. Now you've got me looking up the regulations on hunting wild boar in Kentucky, which I have found to be year round.
| Molon Labe |
|December 20, 2010, 12:07 PM
Join Date: December 16, 2010
Posts: 337
Love the work you're doing. Both the primitive archery (a passion of mine as well) and the whackin' of hogs. After I retired from the P.D., like most of my peers, I moved away from the city I worked in and went to quieter locations.
Ended up in East Texas and found a job supervising a small security unit at a semi-inactive power station out in the woods. There are several sq. miles of woods and pasture infested with hogs! The mgr. of the site has a guy that sets traps all over the place and they do haul out several hogs a week. But, they're still destroying stuff right and left......
So the mgr., knowing I'm a hunter, requested me to go out and kill as many of these beasties as possible. So not being one to sit on my backside, I ventured out with my trusty .45-70 (Marlin Guide Gun) loaded up with 340 gr. LRNFP's at a modest 1350 FPS, and started blastin' piggies. Even smacked 3 with a Remington .44 C&B revolver. It is a blast.
This started in June. To date, going out only on Fri. of each week, I was able to do in two dozen hogs up to late Oct. then the hogs were not moving as much in the day. Most were out beyond my range and not easy to reach. But as winter is approaching, these large rodents have taken to the woods and are nowhere to be seen. See, only on Fri. there is no others on the site and that is the only day I have to go out, but still work the site as well. I'm limited to driving on the dirt roads that go through the area and then stop and get out to pop 'em. No night hunts as my midnight officer is a little "squirrely" and likely to do something stupid and get us both hurt.
But back to you and your continuing saga, it is something else. You sure have your hands full and at the same time are having a time of it whackin those little fur covered tanks. Have they receeded back into the deep woods on you as well?
Your flint work is great. My stuff is actually I guess "Iron Age" as I dowel out my own shafts and forage my broadheads from iron and such. Longbows and recurves are the only thing in my area all with Flemish strings. My son is allowed to shoot his....ah...compound,( Yetch, I said the "C" word!)...sometimes....if he is a good lad when he and the grandkids come to visit and shoot. But, yes, you have a real talent for the rocks! Salute!!
Well, I'd better get back to work...might just have a visitor today. Maybe not, but I'll go anyway. Have fun with those pesky piggies!
|December 20, 2010, 03:19 PM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
45-70 Ranger wrote:
Yes, sounds like typical hogs. They are capable of doing a lot of damage in a short period of time. I am all too familiar with that.
Good luck with your pigs Sir!
|December 24, 2010, 01:56 PM
Join Date: August 8, 2006
Location: No. CA.
Posts: 2,490
Great thread, have viewed its entirety this morn...Thanks for the education and all your effort...
I was wondering as I read this thread, how you came up with your handle, found out in the bow and arrows section about 20 pages in Old Bowman myself early 60's with Tom Jennings pre compound, nice group of bows/arrows/heads etc...
Sorry about the guy from CA coming in and mucking it up at the end of the read... Maybe someone ought to ask a mod to delete him
Thank you very much...
Hope you have a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year, I am looking to read more, as time goes on...
Sure made my day
Semper Fi USMC "Golden Shellback"
Sea Going 60/62 USS Canberra CAG-2
114...Retired LEO...Never Give up!!!
Last edited by Harley Quinn; December 25, 2010 at 11:05 AM. Reason: corrected some
|December 28, 2010, 07:46 PM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
Let's talk hog sign.......
A question I often get:
How do I know if I have hogs?
For the benefit of those just getting started, some examples of common Hog Sign.
First, it is important to recognize that hog sign can appear differently in different parts of the country. The photos I have posted represent what you might expect to see in Deep East Texas (Mesic Upland).
I have tried to provide examples of sign that would be readily apparent to the casual observer. Hogs do leave other sign less obvious and more difficult to discern, but well leave that for another time.
We can begin with tracks. Hog tracks are generally fairly small (2 to 3-1/2) since their hooves tend to be small in relation to body size.
But, can be larger as in this pic.
In soft soil or mud the print of the dew claw often appears as in the pic above. Hog tracks differ from deer tracks significantly in that they exhibit a more rounded toe (tip of hoof) and the overall geometry is roughly 2/3rds width per length. Once youve seen a few they are easy to recognize.
Another common sign left by hogs are rootings. These will vary greatly in size and depth depending upon terrain and the food source sought out. Hog rootings range from the nearly unnoticeable (leaves and debris gently pushed up), to an entire field being damaged with pot holes as deep as 18.
These small rootings are about average for this part of the country:
If the property you hunt is fenced (barbed wire), search the bottom strands for evidence of hog hair that is sometimes caught in the fence where they go under:
Hogs tend to be creatures of habit and will use the same trail repeatedly. Trails that lead to and from water/food sources or bedding areas are often well worn and easily noticed:
Look for hog tracks in these trails to confirm the presence of pigs (Remember, other animals make trails too).
One of the more noticeable and reliable indicators of hog presence are rubs. Rubs are objects that hogs rub against after wallowing in mud in order to remove parasites.
Most often this will be a tree, but hogs also LOVE fence posts and telephone poles that are treated with creosote. In any case, you will notice the mud left behind and can tell the frequency in which they use the area by how worn the tree/post/object is. Examples:
Continued Below:
|December 28, 2010, 07:48 PM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
Wallows can take many forms. Basically, any place that provides a wet muddy environment can be used but hogs do have preferred areas.
This pond has low banks (easily accessed), is fairly open (allows hog to see what is coming) and is in close proximity to cover so they use it most often:
But, they will use something as small as a depression in a pasture in order to soothe themselves:
You can also listen for hogs. A group of hogs (a sounder) can be quite vocal if not alarmed and going about their normal routine. Grunting and squealing is commonly heard, but they do make other sounds depending upon circumstance.
Juvenile boars in a group are fond of sparring and competing for food. They are responsible for much of the squealing you will hear as they engage one another:
Continued Below:
|December 28, 2010, 07:52 PM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
A couple of things to look for when pursuing "mature boars" are beds and "boar cuts".
Mature boars are solitary animals and do NOT travel with the group (sounder) unless estrous sows are present. They will then briefly join the group…or hang around the periphery…until the sows have been covered.
Often times… a boar will bed down near (but not with) the group. This "bed" is usually nothing more than a cleared off spot (unless grassy) next to some type of structure/cover. Example:
Mature boars are very territorial…and will "mark" their territory with urine (not unlike male dogs and cats) but they also make "visual" markings that other boars can see and smell.
"Boar Cuts" are made when a boar uses his tusks to "rake/cut" a tree. Often… the tree selected will be one that oozes a resin (pine and cedar around here).
The resulting wound is easily seen and smelled by other boars in the area.
Clearly, not all areas of the country have trees that can be assaulted, but for those that do, watch for them.
Closer look:
Of course the most telling of sign is: "Tracks with the hogs still in them"
Last edited by Flintknapper; December 28, 2010 at 07:59 PM.
|January 1, 2011, 06:29 PM
Join Date: December 11, 2005
Location: North Central Texas
Posts: 399
I moved back to North Central Texas a couple of years ago. I can't seem to find any place that will let me come hunt these little beasties without having to pay far more than they're worth. Have gun, will hunt....
A government big enough to give you everything you want is big enough to take everything you have. - Barry Goldwater
We must destroy and rid ourselves of the "Nanny State" mentality.- BigRobT
|January 1, 2011, 06:41 PM
Join Date: September 7, 2009
Posts: 378
I've live in various areas of East Texas from Lake Fork down to Huntsville over the last 15 years. All rural areas have a feral hog problems. Where were those pics taken, if you don't mind? The problem is bad even in Cental Texas. Had friends up in NE Tx.(Atlanta, Tx. area) that would let trappers come in and set their traps to remove feral hogs from their land. Don't know if they charged them or not. If you get pics of Hogzilla, post them.
I had to go back and start reading through the posts. What great pics and information, I'm not much of a hunter but I know of the problems in East Texas. Lived a year East of Austin and they have the same problems with feral hogs. Seen a special on the feral hog problems all the way to Georgia in the U.S. and the study they were doing comparing this species to the wild hogs of Europe.
Last edited by JTH; January 1, 2011 at 07:11 PM.
|January 2, 2011, 12:16 AM
Join Date: September 3, 2006
Location: northern nevada
Posts: 1,324
This thread was linked over at another forum, I just finished reading the entire
thing and found it very informative and entertaining. It's probably been two years
since I last posted here at THR but this thread is a definite gem.
Makes me glad we don't have hogs here in the Great Basin desert....at least not yet.
I have had the occasional run in with black bears here and while they are probably
as smart as hogs and can with adequate incentive be amazingly destructive they
just don't seem to pose the problems that hogs do. Probably because they are fewer
in numbers and simply cannot breed as fast as hogs. Guess I'll just have to content
myself with thinning the coyote population from time to time.
The United States War College definition of democracy: MOB RULE AT THE BALLOT BOX.
Remember: When seconds count, the police can be there in minutes.
|January 2, 2011, 09:21 AM
Join Date: December 20, 2002
Location: DC
Posts: 20,777
Wow, great thread. Sorry I missed this previously.
Your arrows and arrowheads are works of art~ beautiful.
What in the hell are you going to do with freedom?
A novel about the disaster after the election of the first female president.
Shirley-Owens Spyderco ARK
|January 2, 2011, 07:20 PM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
Just "move along" hog..........!
Noticed about 30 "Pot-Holes" in one of the pastures yesterday.
Got a pic this morning of a medium sized Boar in the same area (probably the culprit).
I'm hoping he'll just move on....but if he wants to stick around and "play", I just finished loading a bunch of bullets for my SOCOM. His choice......
|January 2, 2011, 08:37 PM
Join Date: February 17, 2010
Location: CenTX
Posts: 166
Hi Flint;
New to this forum. I grew up in DET, Newton to be exact. I remember when the stock laws of the early 70s were put into place to try to control the feral hog population. Unfortunately hogs don't follow the rules!
|January 3, 2011, 07:15 PM
Join Date: December 31, 2010
Posts: 153
This is how we hunt them in FL!
|January 4, 2011, 07:42 AM
Join Date: January 26, 2009
Location: Central Texas
Posts: 59
The "hog sign" posts were very informative Flint. Being Texas born and grown I knew what a Hog Footprint looked like, but not the other signs that make perfect sense in your pictures. I appreciate you helping me track these buggers, as I have made it my own personal crusade to clear as many out as I can when I visit the lease in South Texas.
Cheers sir, good luck, and good work.
~ The optomist proclaims we live in the best of all worlds, the pessimist fears that this is true. Me? I just say "I like cookies" and leave it at that.~
|January 4, 2011, 07:53 AM
Join Date: May 11, 2006
Location: Deep East Texas
Posts: 1,806
Looks relaxing Swede .. but, this is how we do it TEXAS STYLE:
|Thread Tools
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text:
Late last week, an update was pushed out to beta testers of Nova Launcher, and today, the changes that there were made for the beta group are now available in the newest public release for all to download. (more…)
Nova Launcher
Nova Launcher Beta Updated With New Drawer Animations, App Drawer Search Additions
The beta group for Nova Launcher received an update for their launcher application today, one which brings new app drawer animations, as well as a few important bug fixes.
Detailed in the GIF image below, users can choose between a few nifty drawer animations, such as a circular opening, slide up motion, and others. To highlight the fixes, users were previously unable to manually change the app drawer icon on their home screen, but thanks to the update, this issue has been fixed. And here I was, thinking it was only me having the problem. (more…)
Nova Launcher Beta Update Brings Android L Visuals
With Android L available for a few devices, everyone not able to flash the developer preview build are scrambling to get a taste of Google's latest OS on their devices.
Thankfully, the Android developer community is top notch, churning out plenty of work to help get your device running like Android L. Why exactly you would want your phone to run like a buggy developer preview build, I don't know, but that's why we love Android. Freedom! (more…)
Cyanogen Theme Showcase Makes Customizing Your Phone Easy
Being able to customize your phone just the way you like it is a double-edged sword. Android offers a lot of ways to change your phone's appearance to your liking, but that also means that there is a lot of options out there for you to choose from. For me personally, whenever I sit down and decide to personalize things it can take a long time. Cyanogen Theme Showcase is looking to make that process much shorter, assuming you are running a CyanogenMod ROM. (more…)
Nova Launcher Update Adds "OK, Google" Hotword Detection, Other Beta Features
Nova Launcher 3.0 "stable" is rolling out to all on Google Play, this afternoon, bringing with it the list of new beta features that were introduced a week ago. The update one-ups the beta, though, by bringing with it "OK, Google" hotword detection from home screens. That means you can say "OK, Google" from any home screen and launch a voice search – no need to tap in a search box or on a microphone.
After updating at the link below, you can activate "OK, Google" by heading into Nova settings, tapping on the "OK, Google" option, and then checking the box to enable it.
Nova Launcher 3.0 Beta 1 Released, Brings a Ton of Enhancements and New Features
Thought Nova Launcher development was dead? Think again. Today, Nova Launcher received a massive beta update, bringing it to version 3.0. With so much time going by since the last major update to Nova, the changelog is quite extensive for today's update, with plenty of new features and tools to help trick out your home screen experience.
The update includes a new persistent search bar look (sexy honeycomb), sub-grid positioning, custom label colors, full 4×1 widget support in the dock, greater control of placement/size/cropping of app icons, and a ton more.
Take a peek below at a partial amount of the massive changelog. (more…)
How to: Change Launchers on the HTC One (M8)
The new HTC One (M8) runs HTC's BlinkFeed launcher out of the box. It's not a bad OEM launcher, but if you aren't a fan of BlinkFeed and also want custom icon pack support in a launcher that carries a much more classic Android appearance, a 3rd party launcher should be installed immediately. Since the One (M8) is an Android device, getting a 3rd party launcher up and running isn't all that difficult – download one you like, run it, and be on your way.
Should you be the type that often switches between multiple launchers through Android 4.4's (Kit Kat) new Home toggle, we wanted to make sure you knew where to find it on HTC's new flagship. It's not in the typical Settings>Home location that you would see with a stock Android device and is instead tucked into HTC's Personalize menu.
To access the Home launcher switcher, either follow the video below or cruise into Settings>Personalize>Home screen, and then tap the launcher you want to use. (more…)
Nova Launcher Updated to Version 2.3, Brings the Essential Kit Kat Look and Feel
An update hit Nova Launcher today, which brings it to version 2.3. Inside the update is a big changelog, full of Kit Kat goodies and features. For starters, the scroll indicator from Kit Kat has been added, as well as Kit Kat style folders. Keep in mind, if you had been a part of the beta test group, then you will have seen some of these features for a little while now. Regardless, if you are a fan of custom launchers and enjoy Android 4.4, you will want to grab this update. (more…)


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Leo Stannard: Eliza
Eliza is the first track from the upcoming Notions EP from Leicester's Leo Stannard, releasing on the 4th of August (and which they are taking preorders for soon).
Tracks on the forthcoming release are as follows:
1. Please Don't
2. Now Is Not The Time
3. Why Don't We
4. Eliza
Tickets for the next headline show at the Lexington, London on 24th June, 2014 are available here.
FACEBOOK | TWITTER | SOUNDCLOUD[audio:http://insomniaradio.net/audio/dailydose/irdd-leostannard-eliza.mp3] HypeMachine


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Easy Triangle Poncho
By: Bernat
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This easy knit poncho pattern from Bernat Yarns is a great project for beginners. The triangular shape is stylish and the finish is soft and comfortable.
You can find this beginner knit pattern, along with several other easy knitting patterns, in our free eBook, Learn How to Knit for Beginners: 27 Easy Knitting Patterns.
- Bernat® Soft Bouclé (140 g/5 oz)
- Sizes XS/M (L/2XL-3XL/5XL)
- 2 (2-3) balls
- Knitting Needles: size 6 mm (U.S. 10) or size needed to obtain gauge.
- Optional: 50 ins [127 cm] length of ½ inch [1.5 cm] wide ribbon for Drawstring.
To fit bust measurement
- Extra-Small/Medium
- 28 - 38 ins [71 - 96.5 cm]
- Large/2X-Large
- 40 - 50" [101.5 - 127"]
- 3X-Large/5X-Large
- 52 - 62" [132 - 158"]
Finished length between neck edge and point
- XS/M 17 ins [43 cm]
GAUGE: 15 sts and 22 rows = 4 ins [10 cm] in stocking st.
beg = Beginning.
K = Knit.
rep = Repeat.
RS = Right Side.
st(s) = Stitch(es).
WS = Wrong Side.
Cast on 46 (54-60) sts.
1st row: (RS). Knit.
2nd row: K3. Purl to last 3 sts. K3.
Rep last 2 rows until work from beg measures 51 (53-55) ins [129.5 (135.5-139.5) cm], ending a WS row.
Work 3 rows in garter st.
Cast off knitwise (WS).
To finish, sew cast on edge to side of Poncho (see Diagram).
Ribbon Drawstring: Starting at center front, thread ribbon along neck edge.
Tie into a bow at center as shown in picture.
Optional: Yarn Drawstring: Cut 3 strands of yarn 60 ins [152 cm] long.
Knot one end and braid strands together. Knot other end. Starting at center front, thread Drawstring along neck edge.
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Aug 07, 2011
Has anyone made this? I am curious about the drawstring and what kind of ribbon as I don't see a ribbon in the picture.
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Physicians pay far too little attention to the history of their profession. The average physician knows little regarding medical knowledge, theories, or conditions of previous generations. Much of the inability of physicians to explain and counteract the fads and cults which are constantly springing up is due to their lack of knowledge of the rise and fall of many similar movements. A comprehensive review of the history of medicine with sketches of some of the great leaders and pioneers in scientific work should be one of the first things presented to the medical student.
Physicians of all ages and classes who are really interested in their profession will find many things to hold their attention in Dr. Walsh's book. It contains eleven addresses delivered on various occasions and all bearing on educational or scientific questions. The first chapter, "Prescriptions, Old and New," contains many interesting examples of old and curious prescriptions.
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A 32-year-old man died after being shot near a gas station in Stockton.
The Stockton Police Department responded to reports of a shooting on Fresno Avenue and Charter Way around 2 a.m. Wednesday.
Police said the victim was shot near the gas station, then stumbled over to the gas station. He was later pronounced dead at a hospital.


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Ruger Security Six...
Tools and Technologies
Handguns: Revolvers
> Ruger Security Six...
June 19, 2006, 01:02 AM
...How they stck up compared to K Frame Smiths? I ask because CDNNs latest catalog list a lot of found in a warehouse NIB walnut gripped Security Sixes at $350 each. Opinions on the pistols and the price?
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June 19, 2006, 01:19 AM
That's a fair deal, depening on condition and barrel length, for a Security Six in overall "good" condition. IMHO with the factory stocks they almost require a Tyler T grip, but they'll pretty much hold up forever if you don't bend the ejector rod or otherwise abuse them. They're kind of a heavy revolver for their size, in terms of CCW, but if you select a decent belt and holster, that's not such a problem. Overall, the ones I've had have been quite good shooters, and very handy.
June 19, 2006, 01:29 AM
4" Bbls. Pic in the catalog looks like the grips are the Ruger 'copy' of the magna grip, so I agree on adding the T-Grip or switching out the grip. Catalog says these are New In Box and were found in a warehouse, apparently misplaced, forgotten, or something. I understand these are close in size to K-Frame Smiths. I have two K-Frames which I really like. Anyone with K Frame and Ruger Six series side by side experience?
June 19, 2006, 12:40 PM
when my father in law passed he left me his security six.it is in excellent condition and shoots great.they are very stout revolvers and much stronger than the smith K & l frames.
http://www.hunt101.com/img/414868.jpg (http://www.hunt101.com/?p=414868&c=500&z=1)
Jim Watson
June 19, 2006, 01:03 PM
Picture in the ad looks like the early Security Six with more slope to the backstrap. If that is what they are selling, you will be pretty much limited to what you can do with an adapter, replacment grips for that gripframe are scarce. There is some coding in the serial number if you look that up and if CDNN will tell you what range theirs are; in case it is just a file photo and not one they have for sale.
Price is good for a NIB SS. They are hell for stout, stronger than a K-Smith, more compact than a GP-100.
June 19, 2006, 08:19 PM
JW, ad also says they're 1970 producction, early three digit SNs. Grip options might indeed be very limited as you say.
June 19, 2006, 10:50 PM
I don't know. CDNN's price of $350 for a blued Security Six seems a bit high. Perhaps a year ago, I paid about $300 for a used, but in excellent condition Security Six with the stainless finish. Excellent revolver with a smoother trigger pull than the GP-100 IMHO, but I think you could get one for less than $350 at a gun show.
June 19, 2006, 11:09 PM
Prices have really gone up on the Security Six guns in the last couple of years. Guns i could pick up for $150 a couple years ago are now priced around $350.
Grips for the early guns aren't that big of a problem. Several companies made grips that would fit either the 150 or 151 and up pre-fix guns. The easiest way to tell if they'll fit both guns is they will have two grip pin holes. I bought a nice pair of checkered walnut Jay Scott grips (they fit either gun) off e-bay for $10.
Or you can just modify the grip frame.
4v50 Gary
June 20, 2006, 09:39 AM
Kinda steep if you ask me, but then again, I'm cheap and used to '76 prices when it comes to SS. Anyhow, a Ruger SS will outrun a S&W in terms of abuse and maintenance. Given the choice of the two for a duty weapon, I'd carry the Ruger (and I did for years).
June 20, 2006, 04:28 PM
Ahhhh the Security Six, I won this one at the State PPC Championships a number of years ago.
June 20, 2006, 05:38 PM
The trigger on a Security Six will slick up really sweet with just a proper weight main spring and a little honing of sear a lapping of pivoting parts. Mine was sweet when I did it. The gun is tougher, yet just as light and easy to carry as a K frame. The GP100 is heavy by comparison, but stronger I'll admit. The side plateless design of the Security Six is the main advantage in its strength. The trigger group comes out as a unit which makes it easier to clean and lube the internals, too, I really liked that. If mine had been a little more accurate with .38s, I'd have kept it. It was GREAT with magnum loads, but .38 wadcutters, normally extremely accurate in my .38 specials and the two .357s I have now, were good for maybe 3" 25 yard groups at best in that Security Six. I traded it for a much more accurate Blackhawk with 6.5" barrel. I'm sure the accuracy is gun dependent, not model dependent, just that was the reason I traded it off. I traded a M19 for the same reason and a Rossi M971 because it was accurate with .38s, but not that accuate with .357s. I'm sort of an accuracy nut I guess.
June 21, 2006, 11:42 AM
In the first two pictures below, you can compare how similar the Smith & Wesson Model 66(K-frame)and the Ruger Security Six compares, in the looks department. I certainly love my Security sixes-and, I have added some extra pictures of those:
Ruger(Heavy barrel(4-inch, Security-Six):
Smith & Wesson Model 66, 4-inch:
More Security Sixes:
June 21, 2006, 07:40 PM
Mine has an aftermarket vent rib. It has had a little trigger work, and it is the smoothest, crispest trigger I've ever seen on a ruger. It's also very accurate, and much sturdier than a S&W19.
June 21, 2006, 11:40 PM
They're built like Tonka trucks; they'll last forever and take all sorts of abuse and keep on shootin'!
And they do take well to a Tyler T-Grip...
Here's one from 1976...
and a full shot of its six inch barreled glory...
June 22, 2006, 01:03 AM
The security six was the adjustable sight version of the service six, I had both early in my career, and found they just didn't work for me. Nothing wrong with the guns, just the fit was not right.
They are very strong, and the disassembely is a very good selling point, however I would suggest that you try one(rent?) before purchasing, just to be sure it is the gun for you.
June 22, 2006, 01:16 AM
Thanks for all the replies folks. I think I'll try to handle one locally and if it fits me I'll wait till I find a deal on one.
June 22, 2006, 12:10 PM
Not to sidetrack the thread,
but anyone here have a rubber Monogrip on their Security Six, serial number 151 or higher?
I am looking to change to the Monogrip, but I remember in the 80's that I put one on another Security Six I had and it had a little too much material around the backstrap.
Just looking to see how the modern fit of the Monogrip is.
June 22, 2006, 02:01 PM
I've had a bunch of different Security/Service/Speed-Six revolvers, in barrel lengths ranging from the shortest to the longest, blued & stainless.
Only really had problems with one of them.
Rugged, dependable, reliable revolvers made during the heyday of Ruger's QC.
Some of the guns really need the adjustable sights, though, when it comes to POA/POI.
On the other hand, the best of the breed I ever found was a stainless 4" Service-Six Heavy Barrel (fixed sights on the Service-Sixes). POA/POI matched with various loads at reasonable distances. I like it enough to modify the grip frame to a Speed-Six profile, and have the gun MagNaPorted and Duty Tuned (although I immediately replaced the light hammer spring installed when it was tuned with the standard factory spring, since this was an off-duty weapon). I kept it, although it doesn't get much use anymore. never plan on letting it go, either.
Odd as it may seem, I never really found any of the after market grips to fit my hand as well as a Tyler T-Grip on these guns.
I think Ruger did themselves a disservice by discontinuing this line, although the GP-100 line is serviceable. I just don't feel like owning one, although I may eventually pick up a 3" model ... maybe.
I agree that the higher than original retail pricing isn't wonderful. I doubt I'd pay more than $200 for a good one, and that's one that I could personally hold and examine. Of course, I've already had my share of these revolvers, so I can afford to feel that way, I suppose. Whatever the market will bear will set the pricing ...
June 22, 2006, 08:09 PM
I saw one of these for sale just this morning - used stainless, 6 inch barrel the slim wood grips - looked to be in real good condition $265.
I didn't ask to hold it becasue I knew if I did that I'd be putting money down on it.
But I have been thinking of it all day.
If its in as good a shape as it looks do you think $265 is a good price? Remember I live in California and this is not on the aproved list so only private parties can sell them no FFLs are allowed to buy them and sell them.
Nail Shooter
June 22, 2006, 09:03 PM
Senior Member
"The trigger on a Security Six will slick up really sweet with just a proper weight main spring and a little honing of sear a lapping of pivoting parts. Mine was sweet when I did it...."
MCgunner is right on the money with what he says. You can get the triggers almost "Smith-like" with a little work.
I have a 6" s.s. Sec Six bought new, and a 3" s.s. mod 66 S&W bought used. The Smith is maybe just a touch smoother in the action (and has prettier lines IMO), the Ruger is very confidence inspiring and accurate too. I used the Ruger to shoot the IHMSA silhouette game for awhile, and it handled a fair amount of heavy loads just fine. Both are great guns. I want a 2 3/4" version someday.
June 22, 2006, 10:24 PM
Not to sidetrack the thread,
but anyone here have a rubber Monogrip on their Security Six, serial number 151 or higher?
I really like the rubber Hogue monogrip on my 4" Security Six.
June 24, 2006, 02:03 AM
talk the dealer down, tell him its an old gun and youll pay 250 for it. then buy it and try not to smile all the way to the dirt pit and shoot the sh#t out of it. Hit the target six out of six times with the sights aligned for your eye after a few hundred rounds then smile all the way home. I LOVE THIS GUN!
Buy it.:evil:
June 24, 2006, 12:34 PM
I really like the rubber Hogue monogrip on my 4" Security Six.
I had that exact gun around 90'. What a beauty.
June 24, 2006, 03:14 PM
Way back when the feds did some tests where they fired 10,000 rounds of full power lightweight 357 Mag ammo through Ruger, S&W, and Colt medium frame wheelguns. The Rugers stood up much better than the S&W and Colts did. So we got the S&W L frame and Colt King Cobra, heavier duty medium frames. Ruger trumped those w the GP100, but by then the switch to autos was in full swing.
I have two GP100s, 3 and 4 inch bbls, both SS, FS, half lug. Like 'em as much as the Security/Speed/Service Sixes I remember.
June 24, 2006, 03:33 PM
FYI, any holster for S&W K frame fits the Security Six like a glove. :cool:
When I was working security gigs that required a wheelgun, the 4" Ruger was my baby. My partner favors S&W, has a nickeled 6" 586; yes, the trigger's SLIGHTLY nicer, but she paid >$300 for it used while my ruger was $240 new. :evil:
June 24, 2006, 08:42 PM
I had a stainless Security Six with a 4" barrel which I reget selling about 20 years ago. It's a very strong frame because it doesn't have a sideplate. Bill Ruger designed a good revolver. I had Pachmayr grips on mine because I liked them better than the Ruger grips.
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Sausage & Tortellini Soup
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 40 mins
I wanted to make some soup on a cold day, but was tired of plain tomato or vegetable soup. So I played around with a few ingredients and came up with this. Hope you like it. I know I do. Oh and feel free to use some diced onion instead of the minced, but my dh can't handle fresh onion so i have to use the other. Sometimes i'll throw in some chopped cabbage too.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 lb reduced-fat sausage
- 1 (32 ounce) box low-fat chicken broth or 1 (32 ounce) box low sodium chicken broth
- 1 (14 1/2 ounce) can diced tomatoes with green pepper celery and onion
- 1 (15 ounce) can tomato sauce
- 1 cup sliced button mushroom
- 1 tablespoon minced garlic
- 1 tablespoon minced onion
- 1 tablespoon italian seasoning
- 1 teaspoon ground pepper
- 1 (10 ounce) package cheese tortellini
- In a large pot, brown the sausage over medium-high heat with minced garlic and minced onion.
- Pour in the chicken broth and use a wooden spoon to get up all the brown bits from the bottom of the pan.
- Add in diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, Italian seasoning, pepper, and mushrooms.
- Reduce heat to low/medium low and let simmer for at least 30 minutes, but the longer you let it cook, the better flavor it will have.
- Add the tortellini and let cook through, about 10 minutes (I use frozen tortellini so it takes longer, but would be shorter if you use fresh or refrigerated).
- Serve and enjoy.
Most Helpful
Really yummy soup! I didn't have tomatoes with green pepper and celery, so added those separately. Also used tri-color dried tortellini which worked nicely. Thanks for sharing this nice simple keeper. Made for Best of 2012 Tag.
This is a great soup and I like that it doesn't have to simmer for hours. I made 1/2 the recipe for DH and I and it was plenty, with a bowl left for lunch. Made with sliced roma tomatoes with basil ans also sliced baby Bella mushrooms. Going into my Best of Cookbook! Made for Fall PAC 2012.
This was a tasty, easy meal. I thought it needed a little more "something" - diced fresh onion, or peppers like starrynews added.


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On Tap Today: Marcus Center will rock you
This past summer's movie musical "Rock of Ages" may have been a bomb, but '80s rock is still plenty popular in Milwaukee. This week alone features Journey, Pat Benatar and Loverboy at a joint concert at the BMO Harris Bradley Center on Friday. And at 7:30 p.m. tonight, you can see the music of Journey and Pat Benatar rearranged for the legitimate theater, as traveling stage musical "Rock of Ages" returns to Milwaukee for a six-date engagement at the Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, 929 N. Water St. The tour was last here less than 18 months ago, with a couple dates at the Milwaukee Theatre and "American Idol" alum Constantine Maroulis in the lead role.
Obviously, Milwaukee's '80s rock lovers haven't stopped believin'. »Read Full Blog Post(2)
Milwaukee Art Museum will be free this weekend
The Milwaukee Art Museum's admission will be free on Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. This is to mark the opening of "30 Americans," a multi-generational art exhibit featuring the work of African American artists.
Many of the artists in the exhibit address issues of race and cultural identity in very direct ways, and the show is one of the first in the museum's featured exhibition space to explore such issues so directly. The museum has also placed "Wisconsin 30" an exhibit of 30 African American artists from the state on view. »Read Full Blog Post
New DVDs for release June 18
Milwaukee movies off the gridn June 14-20
Bike and a movie
The Milwaukee Bike-In Movie Series returns Friday with the 1989 John Candy comedy "Uncle Buck." »Read Full Article
Outdoor films return to lakefront
The Fish Fry and a Flick outdoor movie series returns to the lakefront Aug. 30 with a showing of the Marvel superhero action film "The Avengers."
The series will also show two adult-themed films, "Ted" on Sept. 6 and "Django Unchained" on Sept. 13. »Read Full Article
Kohl's hosts style session with Lauren Conrad for three Children's Hospital teens
Lauren Conrad, fashion designer, style expert and best-selling author, teamed up with Kohl's to treat three teens from Children's Hospital of Wisconsin to a celebrity styling session Wednesday night in Milwaukee.
The event took place prior to Conrad's book signing for the launch of Infamous: A Fame Game Novel, the finale to her The Fame Game series, at Boswell Book Co. »Read Full Blog Post(1)


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Good to see you on DBH! I've been following your work for years. My vote is in!
cultureforever Human
Great!!! +1
Astrid.POW Human
I love it!+1
ive seen this art on a magazine, glad to see it here.
Got my vote man" great design.
Great work!!!!
Sick & Print ! +1
nice owl.
OmegaMan5000 Artist from United States
Shoulda just named it 'Owlchemy' heh.
sakshamputtu Artist from Karnataka, India
wow! looks awesome ;).
rafaelsencebe Artist
Gulp.. This is amazing!
I need this shirt
this is a print for sure!
nice clean work!
check mine if you have time
WinterArtwork Artist from Barbados
this'll be printed
Yes, print!
Huge fan of yours! This def needs to get printed! + 1
Hey Joshua, I'm a huge fan of your work and you got me inspired to do my own illustration. Keep it up man!


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The Largest Independent Party and Fancy Dress Store in the UK
The largest independent retailer of party and fancy dress in the UK. We can cater for all your party needs. Incredible partyware including licence and non-licensed products. From Disney's Frozen to Marvel's Avengers. We have the complete solution for your special event, whatever the occasion. NOW with over 12000 sq.ft. and a dedicated Fancy Dress Showroom, you're sure to find the perfect costume for your perfect party. Whether you're hosting a child's birthday party, a baby shower, a Halloween costume party or a Christmas event, Party Showroom offers themed party supplies for every season and occasion at a price you can afford.
Why not take the


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Your dollars make a BIG difference! Please join us to help wild animals thrive in their local native habitats. Help us preserve and protect them for future generations of YOUR family!
Fresno Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Service (FWRRS) is an all-volunteer, non-profit, tax-exempt organization dedicated to caring for orphaned and/or injured native wildlife in our Central Valley. The organization has two main goals: to treat, rehabilitate and return all animals to their natural habitat whenever possible and to educate the general public in becoming more aware, concerned and understanding of our wildlife resources.
Here at Fresno Wildlife Rehabilitation, we make it our goal to reach out to at-risk youth and educate them about our native Wildlife species.
For any question you may have.


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It's no news to any Reds fan that Joey Votto may not be with the team past the 2013 season. An unfortunate truth of being a team with salary constrictions is that you can't always afford to keep your star players. Ask the Brewers and Mets how they feel going into this season after watching Prince Fielder and Jose Reyes depart for greener pastures.
It's a deflating feeling to watch a player leave your favorite team but let's take a look at one of the more intriguing and overlooked players in the Reds farm system, 2007 third-round draft pick, Neftali Soto.


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I have been in and out of this stock for a few years now...came back in a month ago and i am under water rather quickly...i want to hang in because i know how VVTV runs hard when it catches a bid...my questions are: Is there "looming" debt on the books that nobody knows about?....Has Bankruptcy ever been rumored?....Why such a "turnover" in Management in recent years?...any corruption rumors?...im a techinial trader looking for some fundamental answers...thanks in advance for your opinion!
Although I do not know of any rumores of any kind I would recommend you do not invest bases on rumores but rather do some homework. Also message boards are not homework just opinion, please do not use them to base a buy or sell upon. Go to investor relations on companies web sites you are interested in and read the financials management signs off on which are also filed with the SEC. Know what you are investing in and understand your responsibilities for it is too easy to blame others for things you should know in the end.
If you are a technical trader...do your own homework. There is nothing hidden or looming that is not described in the most recent Q. Compared to other companies the turnover is rather average. 5 CEO's in 10 years (1 acting) is not 'such turnover'.The only 'corruption' is the NBC Olympic Premium which we are still paying for via MSO carriage fee's that are extortion.
From my understanding, there is too much "partying" going on amongst the staff and management, and not taking their jobs seriously.


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Koch brothers documentary, set in Wisconsin, to play at Sundance
"Citizen Koch" - a documentary about the Republican Party in flux and campaign finance rules, with Wisconsin politics as its backdrop - will have its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in January.
David and Charles Koch are billionaires who support conservative causes and politicians, including Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker. Here is the Sundance catalog description. »Read Full Blog Post(29)
No word yet on fate of Michelle Shocked show at Madison bar
Michelle Shocked's May 4 show in Madison - the last remaining gig on her tour, after anti-gay comments at a concert over the weekend led the rest of the venues to cancel the alt-folk singer's shows - is still on, at least for now.
The Capitol Times in Madison reports that the Harmony Bar in Madison is waiting to make a final decision on the show until the bar's owner, Keith Daniels, returns from an out-of-town vacation late next week. »Read Full Article
Phillip Phillips answers 10 for Tap


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I feel funny because my DS starts school tomorrow. I feel sadness because my baby is growing up but then at the same time I have a baby growing inside of me. I wonder can anybody relate? It is almost as if I feel guilt that I am replacing my son with another baby since he is getting older when that is not at all the reason I am having another. But at the same time I am so excited to get to have another baby again since having a baby around can be so wonderful. My DS doesn't know I am expecting and won't until after my 12 week u/s but I wonder if he can sense that I am a little detached about his whole kindergarten 'big day' because I get hung up in the surreal truth that one of my children is graduating from embryo to fetus this week and my other is starting kindergarten!
anybody with their first going to kindergarten?
Comments (8)
Thanks for the support. My DS got off to school happily today and I only erupted in tears after the bus drove away. My husband and I also had some time after the bus left to talk which helped me feel better. Hope any one with a child starting or going back to school has an easy transition!
My son just turned 6 and started Kindergarten and now I am finally pregnant again (12 wks.) It will be like having two only children, but we've been trying so long and we are so excited. Just keeping my fingers crossed it this point everything goes well. I have been really cranky and I feel bad for my lil' guy. He's been tired and crabby too..lol! Those long days at school kicks his butt. I totally understand how you feel. Best of luck!
I completely understand and relate to all the comments. My son just started Kindergarten a few weeks ago and it was really hard. I was fine as well until the bus drove away then I started to sob and I couldn't stop. I guess all the pregnancy hormones were not helping any. I have been having a very hard time with the fact that my son is so big already. And its weird at the same time because I think about the baby growing inside me and that I will get to do this all over again. My husband & I told our son very early on and just hoped for the best. We couldn't wait!! We knew he would be so excited because he has wanted a baby brother or sister for ever! We also wanted him to be the one to tell our parents. This is my husband's 1st biological baby. (He's in process now adopting my son)
Happy wife to Eric
Devoted mother to Tyler 5 years and EDD 3/20/14