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Record and near-record breaking temperatures dominated the eastern two-thirds of the nation and contributed to the warmest March in the contiguous United States since records began in 1895. The average temperature was 8.6 degrees above the 20th century average for March. In the past 117 years, only one month (January 2006) has ever been so much warmer than its average temperature.
The U.S. had its fourth warmest winter on record. NOAA's Deke Arndt recaps the 2011-2012 winter.
Although they are related, meteorology and climatology have important differences, particularly in how scientists develop and use weather and climate models. What makes climatologists think they can project climate scenarios decades into the future when meteorologists cannot accurately predict weather more than two weeks in advance? This presentation by Wayne Higgins of NOAA's Climate Prediction Center clarifies the relationships and differences between weather and climate, as well as the differences between natural climate variability and human-induced climate change.
James Roger Fleming presents a historical perspective on how our understanding of Earth's climate system developed through innovations and discoveries by pioneering scientists in the 1800s and 1900s who asked and answered fundamental questions about the causes and effects of global climate change.
Deke Arndt, chief of NOAA's Climate Monitoring Branch, presents the preponderance of scientific evidence that climate change is occurring and that humans are the primary cause.
Humans currently release about 70 million tons of carbon dioxide every day into the atmosphere and about 20 million tons is being absorbed regularly by the oceans, causing the pH to drop. Chris Sabine describes current and projected future impacts of this acidification on marine ecology.
The ongoing drought of 2011-2012 has been front and center for people in the southern United States, including the southwestern United States. Dave Brown, Director of Climate Services for the Southern Region through NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, speaks about the causes, impacts, and outlook for this widepread climate event.
Jake Crouch of the National Climatic Data Center recaps the temperature patterns of 2011, emphasizing the much greater than average warmth across Arctic latitudes and the influence of La Niña in the tropical Pacific.
Last year on Groundhog's Day, large swaths of the country were covered in two feet of snow or more after a large storm pounded the eastern United States. This year, Punxsutawney Phil emerged from his den on a balmy day after the third-least snowy January on record. A comparison of snowfall (or lack thereof) so far this season to last year's winter white-out shows what a difference a year makes.
Amid months of persistent heavy rains, some areas in Zimbabwe received their heaviest rainfall in 30 years during January, causing flooding and damage to crops.


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Most Cited The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Application of gas hydrate formation in separation processes: A review of experimental studiesAli Eslamimanesh | Amir H. Mohammadi | Dominique Richon | Paramespri Naidoo | Deresh Ramjugernath
Volume 46, Issue , March 2012, Pages 62-71
There has been a dramatic increase in gas hydrate research over the last decade. Interestingly, the research has not focussed on only the inhibition of gas hydrate formation, which is of particular relevance to the petroleum industry, but has evolved into investigations on the promotion of hydrate formation as a potential novel separation technology. Gas hydrate formation as a separation technology shows tremendous potential, both from a physical feasibility (in terms of effecting difficult separations) as well as an envisaged lower energy utilization criterion. It is therefore a technology that should be considered as a future sustainable technology and will find wide application, possibly replacing a number of current commercial separation processes. In this article, we focus on presenting a brief description of the positive applications of clathrate hydrates and a comprehensive survey of experimental studies performed on separation processes using gas hydrate formation technology. Although many investigations have been undertaken on the positive application of gas hydrates to date, there is a need to perform more theoretical, experimental, and economic studies to clarify various aspects of separation processes using clathrate/semi-clathrate hydrate formation phenomena, and to conclusively prove its sustainability. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ionic liquids in separations of azeotropic systems - A reviewA. B. Pereiro | J. M M Araújo | J. M S S Esperança | I. M. Marrucho | L. P N Rebelo
Volume 46, Issue , March 2012, Pages 2-28
Efforts to make existing separation methods more efficient and eco-friendly may get a boost from the use of a relatively new class of compounds known as ionic liquids (ILs). The separation of azeotropic mixtures has conventionally been one of the most challenging tasks in industrial processes due to the fact that their separation by simple distillation is basically impossible. This paper provides a critical review of methods using ILs as azeotrope breakers. Three separation processes were addressed: liquid-liquid extraction, extractive distillation, and supported liquid membranes. We examine the azeotrope breaking potential of ILs and compare their performance to that of conventional solvents. A systematic analysis of the influence of the structure of ILs on their azeotrope breaking capacity contributes to the establishment of guidelines for selecting the most suitable ILs for the separation of specific azeotropic mixtures. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermophysical properties of pure and water-saturated tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium-based ionic liquidsCatarina M S S Neves | Pedro J. Carvalho | Mara G. Freire | João A P Coutinho
Volume 43, Issue 6, June 2011, Pages 948-957
In this work, the solubility of water in several tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium-based ionic liquids at 298.15 K, and densities and viscosities of both pure and water-saturated ionic liquids in a broad temperature range were measured. The selected ionic liquids comprise the common tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium cation combined with the following anions: bromide, chloride, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, decanoate, methanesulfonate, dicyanamide and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate. The isobaric thermal expansion coefficients for pure and water-saturated ionic liquids were determined based on the density dependence with temperature. Taking into account that the excess molar volumes of the current hydrophobic water-saturated ionic liquids are negligible, the solubility of water was additionally estimated from the gathered density data and compared with the experimental solubilities obtained. Moreover, the experimental densities were compared with those predicted by the Gardas and Coutinho model while viscosity data were correlated using the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher method. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experimental densities, dynamic viscosities and surface tensions of the ionic liquids series 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and dicyanamide and their binary and ternary mixtures with water and ethanol at T = (298.15 to 343.15 K)E. Quijada-Maldonado | S. Van Der Boogaart | J. H. Lijbers | G. W. Meindersma | A. B. De Haan
Volume 51, Issue , August 2012, Pages 51-58
In this paper, experimental densities and dynamic viscosities of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) with the anions acetate and dicyanamide are presented in a wide temperature range (298.15 to 343.15 K) at atmospheric pressure. Surface tension of these ILs was measured at T = 298.15 K. The effect of water and/or ethanol compositions on densities and dynamic viscosities of these ILs are studied in binary and ternary mixtures. A quadratic mixing rule was used to correlate binary and ternary liquid densities. The Eyring-Patel-Teja model, which is recommended for polar and aqueous systems, is used to correlate dynamic viscosity data over the whole range of compositions and temperatures in binary and ternary mixtures. Temperature-dependent interaction parameters are introduced here to account for the changes of viscosities with temperature showing good agreements with experimental data. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Advanced calibration, adjustment, and operation of a density and sound speed analyzerTara J. Fortin | Arno Laesecke | Malte Freund | Stephanie Outcalt
Volume 57, Issue , February 2013, Pages 276-285
Benchtop measurement systems have emerged as powerful tools in the ongoing quest for thermophysical property data. We demonstrate that these instruments can yield results of high quality if operated in an informed manner. The importance of sample purity, reproducibility over repeatability, expanded calibration and adjustment protocols, and rigorous uncertainty estimates are emphasized. We report measurement results at ambient atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 343 K to 278 K, including expanded uncertainty estimates, for the density and speed of sound of isooctane and for the speed of sound of toluene. These data are useful for validating the performance of such instruments.
Thermophysical properties of binary mixtures of {ionic liquid 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate + (water, methanol, or ethanol)}Víctor H. Alvarez | Silvana Mattedi | Manuel Martin-Pastor | Martin Aznar | Miguel Iglesias
Volume 43, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 997-1010
In this work, density and speed of sound data of binary mixtures of an ionic liquid consisting of {2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) + (water, methanol, or ethanol)} have been measured throughout the entire concentration range, from the temperature of (288.15 to 323.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes, variations of the isentropic compressibility, the apparent molar volume, isentropic apparent molar compressibility, and thermal expansion coefficient were calculated from the experimental data. The excess molar volumes were negative throughout the whole composition range. Compressibility data in combination with low angle X-ray scattering and NMR measurements proved that the presence of micelles formed due to ion pair interaction above a critical concentration of the ionic liquid in the mixtures. The Peng-Robinson equation of state coupled with the Wong-Sandler mixing rule and COSMO-SAC model was used to predict densities and the calculated deviations were lower than 3%, for binary mixtures in all composition range. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phase equilibrium measurements for semi-clathrate hydrates of the (CO 2 + N 2 + tetra-n-butylammonium bromide) aqueous solution systemAmir H. Mohammadi | Ali Eslamimanesh | Veronica Belandria | Dominique Richon | Paramespri Naidoo | Deresh Ramjugernath
Volume 46, Issue , March 2012, Pages 57-61
The application of semi-clathrate hydrate formation technology for gas separation purposes has gained much attention in recent years. Consequently, there is a demand for experimental data for relevant semi-clathrate hydrate phase equilibria. In this work, semi-clathrate hydrate dissociation conditions for the system comprising mixtures of {CO 2 (0.151/0.399 mole fraction) + N 2 (0.849/0.601 mole fraction) + 0.05, 0.15, and 0.30 mass fraction tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB)} aqueous solutions have been measured and are reported. An experimental apparatus which was designed and built in-house was used for the measurements using the isochoric pressure-search method. The range of conditions for the measurements was from 277.1 K to 293.2 K for temperature and pressures up to 16.21 MPa. The phase equilibrium data measured demonstrate the high hydrate promotion effects of TBAB aqueous solutions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ternary (liquid + liquid) equilibria of {trifluorotris(perfluoroethyl) phosphate based ionic liquids + thiophene + heptane}Andrzej Marciniak | Marek Królikowski
Volume 49, Issue , June 2012, Pages 154-158
Ternary (liquid + liquid) equilibria for three systems containing ionic liquids {(4-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-methylmorpholinium trifluorotris(perfluoroethyl) phosphate, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpiperidinium trifluorotris(perfluoroethyl) phosphate, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluorotris(perfluoroethyl)phosphate) + thiophene + heptane} have been determined at T = 298.15 K. All systems showed high solubility of thiophene in the ionic liquid and low solubility of heptane. The solute distribution coefficient and the selectivity were calculated for all systems. High values of selectivity were obtained. The experimental results have been correlated using NRTL model. The influence of ionic liquid structure on phase equilibria is discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Volumetric and viscometric studies of some drugs in aqueous solutions at different temperaturesSudhakar S. Dhondge | Sangesh P. Zodape | Dilip V. Parwate
Volume 48, Issue , May 2012, Pages 207-212
Density and viscosity measurements are reported for aqueous solutions of the drugs like Metformin hydrochloride (MH), Ranitidine hydrochloride (RH) and Tramadol hydrochloride (TH) at different temperatures T = (288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K within the concentration range (0 to 0.15) mol·kg -1. The density and viscosity data are used to obtain apparent molar volume of solute (φ V) and relative viscosity (η r) of aqueous solutions at different temperatures. The limiting apparent molar volume of solute (φV0), limiting apparent molar expansivity (φE0), thermal expansion coefficient (α*), hydration number (n h), Jones-Dole equation viscosity A and B coefficients, experimental slope (S V) at different temperatures, and temperature coefficient of B i.e. (dB/dT) at T = 298.15 K were also obtained. The results obtained have been interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions and structure making/breaking ability of solute in the aqueous solution. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Solvent extraction of aromatic sulfur compounds from n-heptane using the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ionic liquidMarek Królikowski | Klaudia Walczak | Urszula Domańska
Volume 65, Issue , July 2013, Pages 168-173
The ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([EMIM][TCM]) has been tested as a solvent for the separation of sulfur compounds from aliphatic hydrocarbon. Liquid-liquid phase equilibrium data have been determined for ternary systems containing the ionic liquid, thiophene or benzothiophene and n-heptane. The influence of temperature on the separation of thiophene from n-heptane was determined. High solubility of sulfur compounds and practical immiscibility of aliphatic hydrocarbon in ionic liquid have been found. The values of selectivity and solute distribution ratios have been calculated for all systems and compared with literature data for other 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids. High values of selectivity were obtained. The experimental data were correlated using the NRTL equation, and the binary interaction parameters have been reported. The phase equilibria diagrams for the ternary mixtures including the experimental and calculated tie-lines have been presented. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Separation of thiophene from heptane with ionic liquidsUrszula Domańska | Elena Vadimovna Lukoshko | Marek Królikowski
Volume 61, Issue , March 2013, Pages 126-131
Ionic liquids (ILs) are well known novel green solvents, which can be used for removing sulfur compounds from gasoline and diesel oils. Ternary (liquid + liquid) equilibrium data are presented for mixtures of {ionic liquid (1) + thiophene (2) + heptane (3)} at T = 298.15 K and ambient pressure to analyze the performance of the ionic liquid (IL) in the extraction of thiophene from the alkanes. Three pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids have been studied: 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, ([BMPYR][FAP]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate, [BMPYR][TCB] and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tricyanomethanide, [BMPYR][TCM]. The results are discussed in terms of the selectivity and distribution ratio of separation of related systems. The immiscibility in the binary liquid systems of (thiophene + heptane) with all used ILs was observed. The [TCM]- anion in comparison with [TCB]- and [FAP]- anions shows much higher selectivity and slightly lower distribution ratio for extraction of thiophene. The non-random two liquid NRTL model was used successfully to correlate the experimental tie-lines and to calculate the phase composition error in mole fraction in the ternary systems. The average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the phase composition was 0.047. The densities of [BMPYR][TCM] in temperature range from (298.15 to 348.15) K were measured. The data presented here show that the [BMPYR][TCM] ionic liquid can be used as an alternative solvent for the separation of thiophene from the hydrocarbon stream using solvent liquid-liquid extraction at ambient conditions. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement and correlation of the solubility of 2,3,4,5- tetrabromothiophene in different solventsKai Wang | Yonghong Hu | Wenge Yang | Song Guo | Ying Shi
Volume 55, Issue , December 2012, Pages 50-55
The solubility of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromothiophene were measured in methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, toluene, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, trichloromethane and oxolane within the temperature range between 278.05 K and 325.15 K under atmospheric pressure by gravimetric method. The solubility of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromothiophene in those selected solvents increased with increasing temperature. The solubility data were correlated with the van't Hoff equation, the modified Apelblat equation and the λh equation. The thermodynamic properties of the solution process, including the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated by the van't Hoff analysis and the Gibbs equation. The experimental results showed that ethyl acetate had the potential as a better solvent in the re-crystallization process of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromothiophene. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement and correlation of solubilities of apigenin and apigenin 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside in seven solvents at different temperaturesMin Xiao | Yundong Shao | Weidong Yan | Zizhang Zhang
Volume 43, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 240-243
The solubilities of apigenin and apigenin 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside in water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate from T = (288.2 to 328.2) K were measured. The solubilities of apigenin and apigenin 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside in selected solvents increase with increasing temperature, respectively. The experimental solubility data were correlated by a simplified thermodynamic equation and a three-parameter empirical equation. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Density, conductivity, viscosity, and excess properties of (pyrrolidinium nitrate-based Protic Ionic Liquid + propylene carbonate) binary mixtureJulie Pires | Laure Timperman | Johan Jacquemin | Andrea Balducci | Mérièm Anouti
Volume 59, Issue , January 2013, Pages 10-19
Density, ρ, viscosity, η, and conductivity, σ, measurements of binary mixtures containing the pyrrolidinium nitrate Protic Ionic Liquid (PIL) and propylene carbonate (PC), are determined at the atmospheric pressure as a function of the temperature from (283.15 to 353.15) K and within the whole composition range. The temperature dependence of both the viscosity and conductivity of each mixture exhibits a non-Arrhenius behaviour, but is correctly fitted by using the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation. In each case, the best-fit parameters, such as the pseudo activation energy, Ea and ideal glass transition temperature, T0 are then extracted. The excess molar volumes VE, and viscosity deviations from the ideality, Δη, of each investigated mixture were then deduced from the experimental results, as well as, their apparent molar volumes, V φ, thermal expansion coefficients αp, and excess Gibbs free energies (ΔGE) of activation of viscous flow. The VE, αpE, Δη values are negative over the whole composition range for each studied temperature therein. According to the Walden rule, the ionicity of each mixture was then evaluated as a function of the temperature from (283.15 to 353.15) K and of the composition. Results have been then discussed in terms of molecular interactions and molecular structures in this binary mixture. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of temperature and composition on the density, viscosity, surface tension, and thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of N- octylisoquinolinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide with alcoholsUrszula Domańska | MacIej Zawadzki | Anna Lewandrowska
Volume 48, Issue , May 2012, Pages 101-111
Density and viscosity were determined for the binary mixtures containing the ionic liquid N-octylisoquinolinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide ([C 8iQuin][NTf 2]) and 1-alcohol (1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 2-phenylethanol) at five temperatures (298.15, 308.15, 318.15, 328.15, and 338.15) K and ambient pressure. The density and viscosity correlations for these systems were tested by an empirical second-order polynomial and by the Vogel-Fucher-Tammann equation. Excess molar volumes were described by the Redlich-Kister polynomial expansion. The density and viscosity variations with compositions were described by polynomials. Viscosity deviations were calculated and correlated by the Redlich-Kister polynomial expansions. The surface tensions of pure ionic liquid and binary mixtures of [C 8iQuin] [NTf 2] with 1-hexanol were measured at atmospheric pressure at three temperatures (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. The surface tension deviations were calculated and correlated by the Redlich-Kister polynomial expansion. The surface thermodynamic functions such as surface entropy and enthalpy were derived from the temperature dependence of the surface tension values. The critical temperature, parachor, and speed of sound for pure ionic liquid were described. A qualitative analysis on these quantities in terms of molecular interactions is reported. The obtained results indicate that ionic liquid interactions with alcohols are strong dependent on the special trend of packing effects and hydrogen bonding of this ionic liquid with hydroxylic solvents. As previously observed, an increase by a 1-alcohol carbon chain length leads to lower interactions on mixing. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Activity coefficients at infinite dilution measurements for organic solutes and water in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborateUrszula Domańska | Marta Królikowska | William E. Acree | Gary A. Baker
Volume 43, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 1050-1057
The activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ13∞, for 36 solutes, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, thiophene, tetrahydrofuran, ethers, acetone, and water, in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, [EMIM][TCB], were determined by gas-liquid chromatography at temperatures from 298.15 K to 358.15 K. These values are compared to those previously published for selected solutes in the same ionic liquid. The values of the partial molar excess Gibbs free energy ΔG1E,∞, enthalpy ΔH1E,∞, and entropy ΔS1E,∞ at infinite dilution were calculated from the experimental γ13∞ values obtained over the temperature range. Three gas-liquid partition coefficients, KL were calculated for all solutes and the Abraham solvation parameter model is discussed. The values of the selectivity for different separation problems were calculated from γ13∞ and compared to literature values for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfolane, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, [DMIM][TCB], and additional ionic liquids. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A volumetric and viscosity study for the binary mixtures of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with some molecular solventsAnlian Zhu | Jianji Wang | Ruixia Liu
Volume 43, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 796-799
Information on the interactions between ionic liquids and molecular solvents are essential for the understanding of the function of ionic liquids in related procedures, and excess properties are sensitive probe for these interactions. In this work, excess molar volume (VmE) and excess logarithmic viscosity ((ln η)E) for the binary mixtures of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C6mim][BF 4]) with butanone, ethyl acetate, butylamine, and tetrahydrofuran have been determined from density and viscosity measurements in the whole composition range at the temperature of 298.15 K. It is found that for the studied systems, the values of VmE are negative but those of (ln η) E are positive in the whole concentration range. The VmE values show their minimum at the ionic liquid mole fraction of 0.3, and (ln η) E values exhibit a maximum at the same composition. The absolute values of VmE follow the sequence: tetrahydrofuran > butanone > ethyl acetate > butylamine for the binary systems, whereas the values of (ln η)E decrease in the order: tetrahydrofuran > butylamine > ethyl acetate > butanone. The results have been analyzed through the ion-dipole interaction, the hydrogen bonding, the packing efficiency and the ion-pairs exist in the ionic liquid. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sodium carbonate as phase promoter in aqueous solutions of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquidsFrancisco J. Deive | Miguel A. Rivas | Ana Rodríguez
Volume 43, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1153-1158
Several methylsulfate and chloride anion-based ionic liquids, such as 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium methyl sulfate, CnMIM CH 3SO4 (n = 1, 2, and 4), 1-benzyl-3-methyl imidazolium methyl sulfate, BzMIM CH3SO4, 1-benzyl, or hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride, XMIM Cl (X = Bz and Hx), and methylpyridinium methylsulfate, Mpy CH3SO4, with sodium carbonate, Na 2CO3, as phase forming salt, have been investigated and discussed for their potential use in separations based on aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). Phase diagrams have been experimentally ascertained at T = 298.15 K, and Merchuck equation and a variation of this model have been used for correlating the binodal data. The alkyl chain length in the cation and the type of anion and cation have been explored and discussed due to their decisive influence in the ATPS behavior. The consistence of tie-line data was ascertained by applying the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Quaternary phosphonium-based ionic liquids: Thermal stability and heat capacity of the liquid phaseAndré F. Ferreira | Pedro N. Simões | Abel G M Ferreira
Volume 45, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 16-27
In spite of the great importance of calorimetric data on phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PBILs), the information available in the literature is quite limited. This work reports the study of the thermal stability and the determination of heat capacity of the following (PBILs): tributyl(methyl) phosphonium methyl sulfate, [(C4)3PC1] [MeSO4], trihexyl-tetradecylphosphonium chloride, [(C 6)3PC14][Cl], trihexyl-tetradecyl-phosphonium dicyanamide, [(C6)3 PC14][DCA], trihexyl-tetradecylphosphonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) imide, [(C 6)3 PC14][NTf2], and trihexyl-tetradecylphosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, [(C6)3 PC14][FAP]. Measurements on the well-known IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, [EMIM][NTf2], were also performed for comparative purposes. The thermal stability was assessed by conventional and high resolution modulated thermogravimetric analysis within the interval (303 to 873) K. The heat capacity was measured by modulated differential scanning calorimetry within the range (310 to 515) K with an uncertainty in the range (1 to 5) J K-1 mol-1. The experimental results were correlated using polynomial expressions. The Joback method for predicting ideal gas heat capacities was used in conjunction with the principle of corresponding states and the modified Lydersen-Joback-Reid method to predict the heat capacity of the ILs. The methods due to Valderrama et al. were also used with the same purpose. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurements of activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic compounds and water in isoquinolinium-based ionic liquid [C8iQuin] [NTf2] using GLCUrszula Domańska | MacIej Zawadzki | Marta Królikowska | M. Marc Tshibangu | Deresh Ramjugernath | Trevor M. Letcher
Volume 43, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 499-504
New isoquinolinium ionic liquid has been synthesized from N-octylisoquinolinium bromide as a substrate. The specific basic characterization of the new compound by NMR spectra, elementary analysis and water content is presented. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ13∞ for 37 solutes viz. alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, and water in the ionic liquid N-octylisoquinolinium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide [C8iQuin] [NTf2], were determined by gas-liquid chromatography at the temperatures from (328.15 to 368.15) K. The partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution values ΔH1E,∞ were calculated from the experimental γ13∞, obtained over the temperature range. The selectivity for the n-hexane/benzene, cyclohexane/benzene and n-heptane/thiophene separation problems were calculated from the γ13∞ and compared to the other ionic liquids with bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide anion, NMP and sulfolane, taken from the recent literature. The chosen ionic liquid demonstrates that it is possible to separate different organic compounds with the average selectivity and capacity. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermodynamic studies of molecular interactions in mixtures of o-toulidine with pyridine and picolines: Excess molar volumes, excess molar enthalpies, and excess isentropic compressibilitiesNeeti Saini | J. S. Yadav | Sunil K. Jangra | Dimple Sharma | V. K. Sharma
Volume 43, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 782-795
Excess molar enthalpies, HE data of {o-toluidine (i)+pyridine or α-, β-, or γ-picoline (j)} binary mixtures at a temperature of 308.15 K; densities, ρ speeds of sound, u of the same mixtures at a temperature of (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K have been measured over entire mole fraction range. The measured densities and speeds of sound data have been utilized to determine excess molar volumes, VE and excess isentropic compressibilities, κSE of the investigated mixtures. The VE, HE, and κSE data of the studied mixtures have been analyzed in term of (i) Graph theory and (ii) Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. Analysis of VE data in terms of Graph theory suggest that (i+j) mixtures are characterized by interaction between nitrogen and carbon atoms of pyridine or substituted pyridine (α-, β-, or γ-picoline) with hydrogen atom and π-electron cloud of aromatic ring of o-toluidine to form i; j molecular complex. The IR studies lend additional support to the proposed molecular entities in (i+j) mixtures. It has been observed that VE, HE, and κSE values predicted by Graph theory compare well with their corresponding experimental values. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Density and surface tension of pure 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium l-lactate ionic liquid and its binary mixtures with waterJian Ying Wang | Hai Chao Jiang | Yu Min Liu | Yong Qi Hu
Volume 43, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 800-804
The density and surface tension of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium l-lactate ([emim][l-lactate]) ionic liquid were determined from T = (283.15 to 333.15) K. The coefficients of thermal expansion were calculated from the experimental density results using an empirical correlation for T = (283.15 to 333.15) K. Molecular volume and standard entropies of the IL were calculated from the experimental density values. The surface properties of IL were investigated. The critical temperature and enthalpy of vaporization were also discussed. Density and surface tension have been measured over the whole composition range for {[emim][l-lactate]+water} binary systems at a temperature of 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes VE and the surface tension deviations δγ have been determined. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thermodynamics and activity coefficients at infinite dilution measurements for organic solutes and water in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborateUrszula Domańska | Marek Króikowski | William E. Acree
Volume 43, Issue 12, December 2011, Pages 1810-1817
The activity coefficients at infinite dilution, γ ∞13, for 45 solutes, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, thiophene, tetrahydrofuran, ethers, acetone, and water, in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate, [BMPYR][TCB], were determined by gas-liquid chromatography at temperatures from 318.15 K to 368.15 K. The values of the partial molar excess Gibbs free energy ΔG 1E;∞, enthalpy ΔH 1E;∞, and entropy ΔS 1E;∞ at infinite dilution were calculated from the experimental γ ∞13 values obtained over the temperature range. The gas-liquid partition coefficients, K L were calculated for all solutes and the Abraham solvation parameter model was discussed. The values of the selectivity for different separation problems were calculated from γ ∞13 and compared to literature values for N-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfolane, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, [EMIM][TCB], 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, [DMIM][TCB], and similar ionic liquids. The densities of [BMPYR][TCB] in temperatures range from 318.15 K to 368.15 K, the temperature of fusion and the enthalpy of fusion were measured. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Solubility of carbon dioxide in a eutectic mixture of choline chloride and glycerol at moderate pressuresRhoda B. Leron | Meng Hui Li
Volume 57, Issue , February 2013, Pages 131-136
In this work, we present new measurements on the solubility of carbon dioxide in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing choline chloride and glycerol (1:2 mole ratio) over the temperature range (303.15 to 343.15) K and pressures up to 6.3 MPa. Experimental measurements were carried out in a thermogravimetric microbalance, and the effects of buoyancy on the measurements were accounted for. Results indicated that the solubility of the gas in the solvent increased almost linearly with pressure and decreased with increasing temperature. The dependence of the carbon dioxide solubility in the DES (in molality) on temperature and pressure were accurately represented by an extended Henry's law model at an average absolute deviation of 1.4%. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Surface tension and refractive index of pure and water-saturated tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium-based ionic liquidsHugo F D Almeida | José A. Lopes-Da-Silva | Mara G. Freire | João A P Coutinho
Volume 57, Issue , February 2013, Pages 372-379
Experimental data on the surface tension and refractive index of tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium-based ionic liquids with bromide, chloride, decanoate, methanesulfonate, dicyanimide, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions are reported. The data were obtained for pure and water saturated samples at temperatures from 283 K to 353 K and at atmospheric pressure. The refractive index of the investigated ionic liquids decreases with increasing the water content in the sample. On the other hand, no clearly dependence of the surface tension with the water content up to a weight fraction of 16% was found. The prediction of the refractive index for the studied ionic liquids was also accomplished by a group contribution method and new values for the cation and diverse anions were estimated and proposed. The studied ionic liquids show lower surface tension in comparison with imidazolium-, pyridinium- or pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids with a similar anion; also they show higher surface entropy than cyclic nitrogen-based fluids which indicates a lower surface organization. The anion dependence of the surface tension and surface entropy for the investigated ionic liquids is weaker than that for short-chain imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Their critical temperatures evaluated from Eötvos and Guggenheim equations are also lower than those of N-heterocyclic ionic fluids. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Homes That Invite Shop Talk
For business leaders, vacation homes become places to hold conferences, strategize and make deals
Martin Puris, an advertising veteran, invited a Sony Corp. SNE -0.91 % marketing executive for a summer weekend last year at his second home in the swank hamlet of Sagaponack in Long Island's Hamptons.
The men relaxed by the 75-foot outdoor pool, dined in the adjacent airy sunroom—and struck a deal. Mr. Puris, former chief executive of ad giant Ammirati Puris Lintas, snared the Sony Music Entertainment unit as the third major client for Puris & Partners, his new corporate-strategy consultancy.
Mr. Puris frequently entertains business contacts at the 12-acre property, where he also conceived his startup. "It doesn't feel like work,'' Mr. Puris explains. He can comfortably accommodate 16 people on his estate, which has a main house, a separate guesthouse and a large guest bedroom above a detached garage. The property has a total of nine bedrooms, 11 full baths and about 9,000 square feet of living space.
Like everyone else, top executives need time off to escape high-pressure jobs. Unlike everyone else, their vacation homes are often critical to their work. Beyond setting up computers, they must devote several hours a day to email and conference calls. Some interrupt their stays to fly back to headquarters for an unexpected meeting.
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Visits to his vacation residence in Hawaii's Hualalai Resort helped Harry H. Frampton to devise turnaround strategies during the 2009 downturn.
"Coming to a place like Hawaii allowed me to not be overwhelmed by the problems,'' says Mr. Frampton, executive chairman of East West Partners, a property developer, manager and brokerage in Avon, Colo.
For instance, he recalls, he was at that vacation home when he decided which of his company's resort development projects to defer due to the recession.
Mr. Frampton enjoys stunning sunset views from the main house in his nearly 5,000-square-foot compound on the Big Island. The estate, set on half an acre, also has two guest cottages, though they tend to be used only by other family members.
Vacation-home sales in the U.S. are rebounding. Sales rose 10% in 2012, after tumbling 56% between 2006 and 2010, the National Association of Realtors reported.
Hualalai Resort, half owned by Dell Inc. CEO Michael Dell, sold more second homes and lots in 2013 than any year since 2007, a spokeswoman says.
Prices are bouncing back as well. "I expect close to double-digit gains in second-home prices this year,'' says Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics. He thinks primary homes will appreciate by only about 6%.
The median sales price for a vacation home in the U.S. was $150,000 in 2012, up 24% from 2011, according to the Realtors association. The increase reflects greater sales of higher priced properties. Their pricey amenities range from movie-screening theaters to wine cellars, private boat docks and golf-cart garages.
The second-home experiences of Mr. Puris and Mr. Frampton give insights into how an upscale residential retreat can benefit business leaders.
Escape to Whimsy Farm
Mr. Puris started his career as a stand-up comedian, co-founded his ad agency in 1974 and later invented memorable slogans, such as "the ultimate driving machine," used since 1975 by BMW AG to sell cars in the U.S.
He has cooked up other business ideas at his Hamptons house, where he and his wife, Mary Herrmann Puris, drive almost every weekend from their Manhattan loft apartment. He works during roughly a third of their typical three-day stays.
"This vacation home is where I have some of my best creative thoughts,'' the 74-year-old executive explains. "This peaceful setting allows my brain to be uncluttered and focused.''
In November 2012, for example, he decided to stop running a U.S. joint venture for a U.K. marketing-services firm. He had forged the arrangement with his future British partner during a chat alongside the estate's pool.
Mr. Puris pondered his next career move from its study. The book-crammed office, whose tallest windows overlook the pool, originally was the master bath. He remembers feeling inspired to launch Puris & Partners while there. The year-old firm employs playwrights, screenwriters and magazine columnists to teach companies to tell their story better and "capture the imagination of the marketplace,'' he says.
He calls his bucolic estate Whimsy Farm. It has "secret gardens all over the place, fountains, odd places to have a drink or lunch,'' he adds.
The ad executive unwinds there in other ways, too. He regularly uses its fully equipped exercise room and he races his 30-foot sailboat when weather permits. Until a few years ago, he owned and rode horses.
Whimsy Farm evolved from a 2.5 acre parcel that Ms. Herrmann Puris purchased in 1982, a decade before she married Martin. She spent $250,000 to build a small house with a 24-foot-high cathedral ceiling in the spacious living room.
The couple has completed three major additions since 1992. Among them: a glass enclosed sunroom that seats 30, an extra kitchen and a three-bedroom wing with floors made of 18th-century wood planks. The current master bathroom features a sunken whirlpool tub. Close by are their bedroom's six closets and roaring gas fireplace.
Visiting relatives and business acquaintances usually occupy separate guest quarters. Expanding, renovating and landscaping the estate cost at least $4 million, Ms. Herrmann Puris says. But now, she says, "we're out of add-ons.''
Living Outside In
Mr. Frampton is sweating after a workout at the Hualalai Resort's fitness center, but still feels comfortable as he enters his sun-drenched Hawaiian home. The reason? He routinely opens three sides to catch balmy breezes. The temperature fluctuates between 72 and 82 degrees this mid-January day.
Mr. Frampton and his wife, Susan, spend about 12 weeks a year in Hawaii—mostly during spring mud season in Vail, Colo., where their primary residence is.
The compound, completed in 2008, is the fourth vacation home built by the couple in their 48-year marriage. They spent more than $8 million to buy the property, and then construct and decorate the house, two guest cottages and the garage, Mr. Frampton estimates.
"We made a real effort to make it an inside/outside house,'' says the 70-year-old executive, wearing a yellow T-shirt and Nike shorts.
A trio of sliding glass walls recedes into pockets. Interior and exterior floors, made of soft sandstone, extend the living area to a covered rear veranda. This "lanai'' faces a pool, hot tub, gazebo, and the Pacific Ocean. "We eat 100% of our meals outside," he says.
The four-bedroom, 4.5-bath compound has no inside showers. "There is nothing much nicer than taking an outside shower," Mr. Frampton says. Occasional raindrops during showers don't bother him because "you were wet to start with."
Mr. Frampton, who founded East West in 1985 and remained CEO until 2012, wants to apply his "outside living inside" approach to its Kauai residential project. Among other things, he says the homes will have receding doors like his "so they can open up a lot.'' He monitors the Kauai project by flying there a few times each time he vacations in Hawaii.
The executive used this second home throughout the recession. Far from his stressful, 65-hour workweeks, he says he was better able to remain upbeat, set priorities and deal with lenders. His introspection led him to conclude the company would survive by continuing "to treat our employees with respect" and being as truthful as possible with business partners.
"I work hard," he says, "But you can work too hard."
Write to Joann S. Lublin at email@example.com


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Swollen tongue is found among people who take Vitamin D, especially for people who are female, 60+ old , have been taking the drug for < 1 month, also take medication Calcium, and have Asthma . We study 46,507 people who have side effects while taking Vitamin d from FDA and social media. Among them, 132 have Swollen tongue. Find out below who they are, when they have Swollen tongue and more.
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Vitamin d has active ingredients of ergocalciferol. It is often used in vitamin supplementation. (latest outcomes from Vitamin d 47,419 users)
Swollen tongue (swelling of tongue) has been reported by people with breathing difficulty, multi-organ failure, fever, renal failure acute, sepsis (latest reports from 16,934 Swollen tongue patients).
On Sep, 18, 2016
46,507 people reported to have side effects when taking Vitamin D.
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** Reports from social media are used.
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I have severe bone loss from several medications that are leaching my body of calcium! Broke my baby toe walking across the yard!
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Diagnosed with moderate (now severe) aortic stenosis. .. have taken natural (algae based) calcium, along with strotium, D3 and Vitamin K for several years to address osteoporosis. That has reversed (wonderful; without drugs) to now be osteopenia.... HOWEVER, I'm wondering if the combination ...
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My husband has Lewy Body dementia. He has jusrt turned 60 and I am hearing about the use of Vitamin D3 and Alps tumeric cucurmin for Alzheimer's but scxared to try with reactions to medications. He does take namenda and aricept. Would appreciate any help. Thank you
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Duchess® Honey Buns - 12 ct.
by Duchess | Item #: 399374 | Model #: 702 |
Non-members pay 10% surchargeJoin now!
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^Free shipping (if noted above) is available within the continental U.S. only. Offer excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Shipping to AK or HI adds a location surcharge to the regular rate. Delivery estimates, taxes, and fees are based on ZIP Code. Club Pickup orders are based on your club's current price and item availability on the day of payment.
About this itemThese snacks are ideal for vending machines.
A classic favorite, Duchess Honey Buns are perfect for lunches and snacks.
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A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
Rep. Lynn Westmoreland Gives Away The GOP Game On Benghazi
The GOP's latest Benghazi "smoking gun" has already fallen apart, but that hasn't stopped Republican politicians from pushing the myth that the White House altered talking points about the Benghazi attack in order to shield the Obama administration from political damage.
Republican Rep. Lynn Westmoreland of Georgia appeared on Newsmax TV today to discuss the latest "bombshell" with host J.D. Hayworth, a former GOP congressman from Arizona.
While Westmoreland didn't answer Hayworth's first question about whether he would support President Obama's impeachment over Benghazi, he admitted at the very end of the interview that Republican members of Congress have been seeking out "evidence" only to back up a conclusion that they have already made.
"I think that we know exactly what happened," he said. "It's getting the proof to prove what happened that has been the biggest undertaking."
Westomoreland also dismissed the administration's argument that the disputed talking points were meant to respond not only the Benghazi incident but also security risks at the U.S. embassy in Egypt.
The American embassy in Egypt was indeed attacked, as were U.S. embassies in Tunisia, Yemen and Sudan. The Washington Post noted that "anti-U.S. protests spread to Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Britain, East Jerusalem, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, the West Bank and Yemen."
"You think [Susan Rice] is going to go on there and ask questions about what went on in Egypt? Give me a break," Westmoreland said.
Hayworth also hosted Paul Vallely — the birther ex-general who once floated the idea of leading a coup against Obama, who he thinks is a secret Muslim and Al Qaeda supporter — to discuss impeaching the president.
Filed Under
People:Lynn Westmoreland, Paul Vallely, JD Hayworth
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Okay, let me break it to you right now...this recipe is going to require a trip to Dunkin Donuts. For Munchkins. Yes, this blog, the same blog that pesters you relentlessly about making your own ricotta cheese, making your own butter, making your own pickles, this same blog is now giving you a recipe where one of the required ingredients is a Munchkin. You can't say I don't keep you on your toes. What can I say...there are just some recipes where Munchkins are required, and pumpkin pudding cake bites, that's one of them. Read More & Get the Recipe
Hot Dog Mummies!
Boo! It's just about that time again, and amid all the fun-sized Snickers bars and candy corn and caramel apples and pumpkin-infused everything, we are also at some point going to need to feed the kids some Regular Food. And while these Halloween hot dogs aren't the fanciest dinner entree, they ARE festive and they DON'T involve chocolate, which on October 31st pretty much qualifies them as dinner. So move over Three Musketeers bars...the hot dog mummies are in town! Read More & Get the Recipe
Candy Corn Fudge
I am irresponsible enough when it comes to ordinary fudge, and by irresponsible I mean that whenever it is in the house, I sidle on by and shave off slivers of it (it's just a sliver! how bad could that be?!) until there is no fudge left. I take pretty much the same general approach with candy corn. (Just one! Just three! Just...ten!) And so when I fell for this recipe I immediately packed up the entire thing and sent it down to the teenager so she could share it with her millions of college buddies. Well, almost the entire thing. Pretty close to the entire thing. Very close. I know you believe me. Anyway....this is fudge that is pretty much the standard fudge recipe you know and love. Marshmallow creme, evaporated milk, sugar, semi-sweet chocolate...but with candy corn. It's a quick and easy recipe...honestly, the hardest part of the whole thing is getting the dang marshmallow creme (or fluff, as we like to call it) out of the jar. That stuff hangs on for dear Read More & Get the Recipe
Halloween Brownies
Mwwwhahahahahaha! (Scary Halloween noise.) However, there is nothing scary about these babies, unless you count the part where you make them with crushed Nutterbutter cookies. And crushed Butterfinger bars. And chopped Reese peanut butter cups. And chocolate chips. Okay, maybe that is a little terrifying. But I am a brave girl, and all I can say about these treats is, so long as you only make them once a year, you really DO need to give them a whirl. They are out of this world amazing, I promise, and just about as easy as a sinfully rich chocolately peanutty unbelievably awesome recipe can be. This recipe is adapted from one that I ran across on the Bake or Break website (isn't that a cool name? Go visit them when you get a chance -- the link is on my blogroll. Great recipes and beautiful pictures.). Anyway, they said this was a good recipe to use for leftover Halloween candy. Huh?? First of all, the words "leftover" and "candy" have never once been combined in a sentence in my Read More & Get the Recipe


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Linux Kernel News - November 2013
Mainline Release (Linus's tree) News
3.13-rc2 has been released on November 29th. This release candidate includes several small bug fixes. Please read the 3.13-rc2 release announcement.
3.13-rc1 was released on November 22nd with usual mix of patches, 55% drivers, 8% architecture code, 9% network updates, and the rest is spread out (fs, headers, tools, documentation). The nftables, multi-queue block layer, and the odd Little-endian PowerPC support are some of the features. You can find the 3.13-rc1 release announcement. Please read Little-endian PowerPC for more information.
3.12 was released on November 7th 2013. This release adds support for offline deduplication in Btrfs, automatic GPU switching in laptops with dual GPUs, a performance boost for AMD Radeon graphics, better RAID-5 multicore performance, improved handling of out-of-memory situations, improved VFS path name resolution scalability, improvements to the timerless multitasking mode, separate mode setting and rendering device nodes in the graphics DRM layer, improved locking performance for virtualized guests, XFS directory recursion scalability improvements, IPC scalability improvements, tty layer locking improvements, new drivers and many small improvements. Please find the full list of 3.12 changes for details.
Stable release News
As of this writing the latest stable releases are as follows:
|Projected EOL
|Stable 3.12
|Not announced
|Stable 3.11
|EOL November 29 2013
|Longterm 3.10
|September 2015
|Longterm 3.4
|October 2014
|Longterm 3.2
|Longterm 3.0
|EOL October 22 2013
|Longterm 3.0
|EOL October 22 2013
|Longterm 2.6.34
|Longterm 2.6.32
|Extended stable 3.11.y.z
|Extended Stable
|Extended stable 3.8.y.z
|Extended Stable
|Extended stable 3.5.y.z
|Extended Stable
If you ever wondered how these stable releases are managed and how often a new release comes out, here is more detail: Active kernel releases
Linux RT
Linux RT stable releases_ are numerous. Please checkout linux-stable-rt.git for their latest versions.
Extended stable
Linux 3.11.y.z extended stable support has been announced. The Ubuntu kernel team is picking up 3.11.10 stable maintenance to continue support for Ubuntu 13.10 "Saucy Salamander". The Ubuntu kernel team will provide the extended stable support for the Linux 3.11 kernel until August 2014 as a third party effort maintained on Canonical's infrastructure.
Where can you find all git trees for Linux releases?
|Linux Release
|Stable releases (all)
|Linux RT releases
|Extended stable releases
|Bleeding edge linux-next
3.13 release adds a new network packet filtering framework. This new nftables framework is slated to replace IP-tables and provides a backward compatibility layer allows continued use of IP-tables/IP6-tables with no changes to syntax over nftables framework.
The nftables is designed to leverage the existing Netfilter infrastructure hooks, the connection tracking system, the user space queuing component and the logging subsystem. It consists of a kernel component, a set of libraries, and a user space utility.
The nftables kernel component runs a pseudo-state machine bytecode compiled from the rule-set provided by the user. The nftables user space utility generates the bytecode and transfers it to the kernel, using the nftables Netlink's API. With this approach, the user space is the brain that interprets and user specified rule-set and translates them into executable steps for the kernel to run. As a result, it is easier to add support for new protocols without needing to change the kernel to add support for new protocols. Further more, the ability to track connections is very useful in supporting features that depend on taking actions based on flow and connection information.
It is always desirable to reduce kernel complexity and maintain backwards compatibility with the existing IPtables feature. All and all very nice feature. Unix veterans will see the similarity between the nftables design and Berkeley Packet Filters (BPF). Please refer to the Nftables project page and Nftables quick howto more information on this topic.
Linux 3.12 adds Offline data deduplication support to Btrfs
Deduplication is an intelligent compression method that eliminates duplicate or redundant information, thereby reducing storage needs. Btrfs has been enhanced to support offline data deduplication in 3.12. The deduplication can be triggered by an userspace software in a controlled manner by system administrator. The filesystem needs to be mounted and active for the deduplication to work. Online support that runs automatically while processes write the data will be added in future releases. This feature can reduce storage needs in some workloads, virtualized server is an example of one such workload with several VM-s running similar copies of operating systems and software. Please refer to Btrfs Gets Performance Improvements In Linux 3.12.
Smack lock security mode 3.13
Linux file locking does not follow the same rules as other mechanisms. Even though it is a write operation a process can set a read lock on files which it has open only for read access. Two programs with read access to a file can use read locks to communicate. This is not acceptable in a Mandatory Access Control environment. Smack treats setting a read lock as the write operation that it is. Unfortunately, many programs assume that setting a read lock is a read operation. This confusion leads to complex application programs that have to work-around it in the Smack environment. A new access mode (lock) to address was introduced in 3.13 to address this problem.
A process with lock access to a file can set a read lock. A process with write access to a file can set a read lock or a write lock. This prevents a situation where processes are granted write access just so they can set read locks. Please find more information on this and other 3.13 changes to Security sub-system at Smack: Implement lock security mode and Security subsystem updates for 3.13.
Final Thoughts
As a general note, the next up is the rest of the 3.13 integration cycles and the release of 3.13 itself in about 4 - 6 weeks. 3.14 development is underway. CPUFreq work, moving AT91 to Common Clock Framework, fwserial changes that include adding build configuration options which control how many fwserial devices can exist per adapter and in total, and posix cpu timers cleanups have been submitted so far for 3.14.
nftables is something that will impact and benefit various products and solutions that use IPtables. As an example, DroidWall (Android Firewall) solution is based on IPtables at the moment, both the kernel and user space components. As nftables replaces IPtables, this will change. As I mentioned earlier, nftables kernel implementation is backwards compatible and IPtables syntax can still be used, however overtime IPtables based solutions will evolve to take advantage of nftables.
Btrfs deduplication feature helps reduce storage needs in Cloud and Virtualization solutions.
Smack lock security mode should help simplify applications that use this framework.
Shuah Khan is a Senior Linux Kernel Developer at Samsung's Open Source Group.
Keep filling the system until
Keep filling the system until the car Atvs Work Lights is up to temperature and the thermostat opens. Stop your car and let it cool. If necessary, top up the coolant again. From there, you should be good to go, and shouldn't need to worry about further overheating.
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The business case for breaking the content marketing rules
Following the content marketing rules could lead to bland content that simply doesn't work. To win today, you need to be uncommon.
The {grow} blog sits at the intersection of marketing, technology and humanity. Our blog has been featured on many lists as one of the top five business blogs in the world. Subscribe today to receive Mark Schaefer's forward thinking posts absolutely free to your inbox every week. There is no better way to keep pace with the fast-changing world of digital marketing strategy.
Following the content marketing rules could lead to bland content that simply doesn't work. To win today, you need to be uncommon.
You can fake your way to social media celebrity but is that sustainable?
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I had a great opportunity to meet Dr. Juergen Brock, CMO of Fujitsu, and talk to him about some of his pioneering efforts in social media, employee advocacy, and marketing […]
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Critical Care Specialist
34 years of experience
34 years of experience
Lincoln Heights
1200 N State St
Los Angeles, CA 90033 Phone number & directions
1200 N State St
Los Angeles, CA 90033 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Howard Belzberg:
View the full profile to get information on:
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Specialties & Research
Dr. Howard Belzberg, MD is board certified in Critical Care Medicine.
- He has special expertise in 3 areas:
- Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Brain Death
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Education & Awards
Dr. Belzberg graduated from University of Guadalajara, Mexico, San Antonio. He has 1 awards.
Dr. Belzberg has 1 hospital affiliations:
- Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center
- Mandarin
- Polish
- Japanese
- Tagalog
- Creole
- French
- Chinese
- Russian
- Greek
- Ukrainian
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Howard Belzberg MD is a male Internist, has 34 years of experience and practices in Critical Care Medicine.
- Where does Dr. Howard Belzberg practice?
- Dr. Howard Belzberg has 1 office location.
Dr. Howard Belzberg practices Critical Care Medicine near Los Angeles, CA.
See Los Angeles Critical Care Practitioners.


text:
Property Control
Inventory & Property Control
All equipment that is purchased and received by Phoenix College is processed and recorded. The department ensures that all capital and non-capital equipment and goods are accounted for and appropriate records are maintained in compliance with Maricopa Community Colleges, State, and Federal regulations. The department maintains and safeguards the campus assets through:
- Proper tagging of all equipment and goods that are received on campus.
- Maintaining records of all tagged equipment in the Financial Management System (FMS). There are two types of capital asset tags: copper and silver. For detailed information regarding MCCCD's capitalization guidelines, please refer to https://business.maricopa.edu/financial-services-controller/fsc-departments/capital-asset-accounting/maricopa-community-college-district-capitalization.
- Conducting a regularly scheduled inventory of all capital assets, per the District Office's timetable. Results are later compared to the data from the Fixed Asset System that is maintained by the District Capital Asset Accounting department.
- Providing guidance to campus personnel on issues pertaining to the approved administrative rules and regulations for accurate and timely property control practices and procedures such as:
- Surplus Property
- Tagging & Inventory
- Donations
- Equipment/Furniture Moves
Surplus Property
When an item is identified as surplus, the college notifies the other campuses for the purpose of internal redeployment. If no other campus wants the item(s), the following process is established to ensure compliance with approved administrative rules and regulations:
- Contact Charles Sweezey in the Operations Department at 602-285-7579.
- Obtain a Property/Transfer Disposal Form (.pdf).
- Return the Transfer/Disposal Form to Charles Sweezey once completed and signed.
- The item is picked up and sent to the Auxiliary Services Support Center.
Tagging & Inventory
- The tagging of assets begins when the goods are delivered to Receiving. If assets are received directly by the department, then it is the department's responsibility to notify Receiving.
- The Shipping and Receiving Technician verifies the shipment by counting the items delivered and comparing them to the total count appearing on the packing slip.
- Once the items are verified, tag numbers are issued according to the value and the category of goods received.
- The information on each tag is linked to description of the item, category, building, room number, account code, and dollar amount.
- This information is also entered into FMS and used for safe guarding assets by the District Capital Asset Accounting department.
- The accuracy of the work at each end (campus Property Control, Receiving and District Office) ensures a minimum of inventory discrepancy.
Acceptance of Donated Items
Before a division accepts donated items from an outside entity or another campus, the following steps must be taken:
- Value of the item must be determined.
- An estimate of the maintenance cost must be identified. This is important because the maintenance cost may adversely impact the campus budget.
- If it is feasible to accept the donation, complete the Acceptance of Donated Property form.
- The Donor must complete and sign the form.
- Documentation to support the value of the donated item must be attached. *If the donated item is artwork, an independent appraisal is required.
- The Acceptance of Donated Property form is then forwarded to the Dean/Department Chair or Designee and President/Vice Chancellor or Designee for signatures.
- Once the appropriate signatures are obtained, the signed form must be forwarded to Charles Sweezey. (Please note: A MCCCD Property Tag may need to be placed on the donated item(s). Please contact Charles Sweezey for tagging procedures).
Donating Items to External Entities
Before donating any PC assets to an outside entity, the following steps must be taken:
- The item that is identified for external donation must first be made available to all departments and units in Maricopa Community Colleges.
- Donations can only be made to educational non-profit organizations sponsored by: the State Board of Education, the State Board for Charter Schools, or a school district.
- A Transfer/Disposal Form must be completed and returned to Charles Sweezey, and the receiving eligible non-profit educational institution will be notified, and arrangement will be made for transfer/pick up.
- The completed Transfer/Disposal Form will be sent to Capital Asset Accounting. Upon receipt of this form, Capital Asset Accounting will retire the asset, taking the item off the campus inventory.
Equipment/Furniture Moves
- In order to move technology equipment, please file a Helpdesk request.
- In order to move furniture from one location to another, please submit a Work Order Request. (Please note: MCCCD Property Tag numbers need to be notated on the Work Order Request if furniture is tagged).
Meet the staff in Property Control! Please call if you have any questions for us or about our services. We look forward to helping you!
Sandra Matsusaka, Office Coordinator III
Charles E. Sweezey II, Facilities Tech
RICOH Contracted Services, Fred Skelton
Room Numbers – Changes
Accurate room numbers are vital to an accurate inventory. If room numbers change due to construction please advise the following departments:
- Maintenance and Operations
- Information Technology
- Receiving
- Business Services
Moving Items
If a department needs a piece of technology or any other capital equipment moved from one location to another (even across the room), please advise the following departments via a request form:
- Maintenance and Operations
- Information Technology
- Receiving
- Business Services
Home Checkout Items
All home check out requests must complete a loan request form. All home checks are subject to an annual review and new request form completed.
Employees are responsible for the stewardship of all items checked out to them. Should a loss occur they will need to provide the below information, and be prepared to reimburse the college for the lost item out of their homeowners insurance policy.
Surplus, Cannibalized or Trashed Items
Report Thefts and Self-Insurance Reimbursement Process
All thefts need to be reported to our College Safety Office. Items over $1,000 need to be reported to the Phoenix Police Department.
For self-insurance reimbursement the department will need to submit the following:
- Public Safety Report
- Official copy of Police Report
- MCCCD tag information and serial number of each item
- A Property Loss Claim Form completed
- A copy of the original invoice of the items purchased
- Proof of due diligence in protecting the capital assets
- A written quote for the replacement items
Accepting Donated Items
Before accepting donated items please consider the age and shape of the item(s). If the item(s) are in need of major repair and maintenance it may not be in the best interest of the department's budget to accept the items. All donated items over $1,000 accepted by the college must have a donated property form completed and sent to Receiving and Business Services.
Donating College Property
Before donating any Phoenix College equipment to an outside entity, the following steps must be taken:
- The item that is identified for external donation must be made available to all departments and units in Maricopa Community Colleges. The Operations Department is responsible for this process.
- Donations can only be made to non-profit organizations.
- A Transfer Form must be completed and returned to Operations with supporting documents.


text: write a program that ses threads and synchronization. As a result, you will get experience in writing a program that actually runs in parallel on lenix using threads (pthreads) and synchronization. the program will create four threads. note that you will not be using fork and exec. Thread reader will read in each input line. if the line is longer than 63 characters, it will truncate it to 63 characters (plus the null byte at the end). just throw away (flust to end of line) any extra characters. you will read from stdin and write to stdout. thread writer will count the number of lines and print this number to stdout. you should develop a module that implements a queue of character string buffers. threads should terminate when there is no more input. do not use global variables to signal completion of the input for the various threads. makke sure to isolate the queue abstraction in a separate module. you should have functions for allocation, enqueuing and dequeuing. Each queue needs its own synchronization, which can be realized by semaphores.


text:
Our Hot Pink 12 Ounce Cups are perfect for any prom, event, graduation, or wedding table setting. Each package of Hot Pink Plastic Cups includes twenty 12 ounce cups. Serve your guests their favorite hot or cold beverage in these Hot Pink 12 ounce Cups.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, contact our Customer Service Department at (email@example.com or 1-800-227-2789).


text:
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text:
Teacher, artist Adele Larsen exhibits at Urraro
National Teacher Appreciation Week isn't until early May, but why postpone the celebration until then, especially when a dedicated, veteran art teacher has a one-woman display right now?
As if being the mother of two isn't enough of a commitment to shaping the future, artist Adele Larsen has also taught at the Erie Day School for 30 years. She's a graduate of Mercyhurst College with a BA in studio art and a minor in art education.
Larsen is inspired by people and nature, and often paints "en plein air" -- outdoors, on location. She said her art "is somewhat of a reflection of my journey through life, as well as an adventure of discovery in experimenting with different mediums and subject matter."
It's fitting, then, that her show at the Urraro Gallery is titled "Journeys: Color and Light." The collection features paintings and ceramics that "capture the raw elements of nature and the essence of a moment or situation." The exhibit runs through April 12.
Q How do the professional aspects of your life -- artist and teacher -- affect each other?
Teaching has allowed me to be able to articulate not only what I have learned through experience, but to also hopefully convey the importance of art to our very existence. It is such a privilege to watch students grow and evolve through artistic expression. Giving students the opportunity to explore subjects, mediums and historical periods in a studio-based program at an early age leads to self-awareness and awareness of the world around them.
And yes, my experiences do make me a better teacher. I always tell my students that you should never stop studying or learning about subjects and the world. Being in an academic setting with other teachers and students has taught me the importance of being a lifelong student. I am a perpetual student myself; I am always taking classes and workshops from other artists.
Most recently, over the past five years, I have been studying art in Santorini, Greece. Santorini has a particularly mysterious beauty with the cliffscapes, seascapes and architecture. There I do a lot of pottery and watercolor painting on location.
Juggling teaching and my art is always a struggle. But I don't really see them as being that separate. What I tell children is that I like to make every day of my life a masterpiece.
Q Do your students attend your exhibits, and do they critique what they see?
Some of my students come to see my work. I will be taking a field trip with all of the students in my classes to see my (Urraro) show. I think it is important for students to go to museums to see real art. I love to hear my students' responses to different works of art; some will like a particular subject, or how a particular color was used.
Q Have any of your students pursued art as a career?
I have had a few students go on to an art profession. One student in particular was doing cartooning at an early age. In one of my classes, I was teaching some technical aspects of portraiture, and she insisted on cartooning. I suggested that if she learned to do the technical aspects of portrait drawing it would help her cartooning get even better. She later wrote to me I had helped her reach her goals, that my advice had been most valuable to her success as a professional cartoonist.
Q What are the most important things for your students to learn, and what do you learn from them?
I teach children ages 9 to 14. It is vital for children to manipulate materials freely and experiment while learning through discovery. This is an important aspect that I have learned from my students that affects my work and my approach. For middle school students, I am struck by how much confidence they gain through the artistic process with a given idea or subject, and how much of their own experiences they employ and express in a drawing, painting or sculpture.


text:
Skip to comments.House panel to formally question IRS commissioner Friday
Posted on 05/13/2013 2:41:29 PM PDT by mandaladon
click here to read article
You have the post of the YEAR!
LucyT, MestaMachine, FredNerks
(Note, last sentence in justa's post is a quote by 0)
justa-hairyape wrote:
"Let me hazard a guess,all the groups the IRS targeted,also happened to be critical of Islam ? If that is true,we have tied almost all these individual stories together. The one common thread in everything Obama has done,
The future does not belong to those that insult Islam."
I have already asked Chairman Camp, via email, to not waste my taxpayer dollars on this unless everyone is under oath. It's a joke otherwise.
In other news, does anybody besides me find in interesting that, even though most of this abuse took place a couple of days ago, the report is being released now? Hmmm... Maybe a Ben Gazi wag the dog? Hmmm...
I know, I know, what difference, at this point, does it make?
Levin just broke that the IRS announced about 45 minutes ago that the director knew about it and knew what going on. He must have approved of it? He will be gone by weeks end.
And rightly so. It's called Taqiyya.
max bacus (D) is chief investigator in the Senate IRS investigation and HE WROTE a letter in 2012... to the IRS... demanding that they investigate TEA party groups and the right. Some investigation that harry reid runs... the fox is the prosecutor and judge and the chickens are the defendant.
BREAKING NEWS: DRUDGE SIREN - Govt obtains wide AP phone records in probe
Deniability, perhaps, but hardly plausible.
List of penetrating questions:
What`s your favorite color?
Do you like me? I like you.
Going to the WH party this weekend?
what kind of underwear?
Been going on since 2010. Getting attention now to deflect from the murders allowed in Benghazi.
Then put him under the jail.
My guess is he will not testify and plead the fifth on advisement of counsel. a person who has a history of being clever usually knows when the jig is up and will go into a self preservation mode. He did his duty for the Administration as was required and now he will navigate the sharks through an elongated legal process. If any criminal sentencing results, he believes he will receive a get out of jail free card by ways of a presidential pardon. Little does he know that the president may soon find himself in political self-preservation mode too. Thus, the loyal minions may have to wait a couple of presidential elections before such a possibility can exist. Good luck with that, pal. You rolled the dice, you got to go to the cocktail parties, you chatted it up with the smooth "P", and now you will be a footnote. So goes those with a lack of moral compass and the inability to recognize what doing the right thing is.
Thanks for the ping Wild, much appreciated.
So many threads and more and more info today, I'm trying to catch up...wow
(3) Were there ever break-ins at the hdq of Tea Party, patriot groups , home-schoolers, Christian individual and groups, gun rights advocates, Romney hdq, Repub offices?
Homeland Security has 'home schoolers' as one of their potential domestic terrorists groups. That needs to be aired out by the press....
Impeachment File on Benghazi Coward B. Hussein Obama, aka Barry Soetoro, a legal citizen of the sovereign Nation of Indonesia.
Impeach Obama
Abolish the IRS
Repeal the income tax( 16th amendment) . replace that sorely needed revenue for fake global warming studies by replacing the income tax with a tax on China imports.
But dont forget that they are trying to sneak pass an Amnesty destroying bill through Congress( call Congress)
Impeach Obama
Obama using the IRS to target conservative groups during the election:
1.Invalidates the 2012 election
2. Is illegal and unconstitutional
3.is one of many abuses of power
Below is what McConnel says:
On Monday, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) fired back on assertions by the IRS that its efforts to target conservative groups were relegated to low-level employees. Of course not, he told Breitbart News. McConnell noted that he had raised the issue of IRS targeting of conservatives in 2012, and further noted that the Washington Post dismissed it as a bunch of red herrings.
The scandal, McConnell said, extends up the chain. The Obama effort to shut up opponents isnt limited to the IRS, he stated. It applies to the FCC [Federal Communications Commission], SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission], FEC [Federal Elections Commission], HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] . And you remember, the Obama campaign last year published a list of eight businessmen who it believed were enemies.
McConnell further noted reports that the Department of Health and Human Services had been contacting businesses skeptical about the implementation of Obamacare and asking them to contribute money to sell the program to the American people. Thats absolutely improper if not illegal. This administration will stop at nothing to get its way. It will do anything it can to silence its critics.
McConnell said would not trust any Democrat-led investigation into the IRS scandal. He added with regard to a House investigation of the IRS activities, I
" Shulman, a Democrat appointed to the post under Republican President George W. Bush. "
ok, I was wrong by one person. the playing-the-bumbling-idiot did not plea the fifth,...the head of the IRS division conducting the tactics is going to plead the fifth.
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text:
FOXBOROUGH, Mass. -- When analzying the snap counts played by skill-position players in the Patriots' 31-21 win over the Broncos, the first thing that stands out is the sheer volume of snaps.
Utilizing an up-tempo no-huddle attack that could be described as the offense's version of a blitz, the Patriots totaled 94 snaps (not including kneel-downs, does include penalties). That is easily a season high, and might be an all-time, non-overtime high in the Bill Belichick era.
There is a fine line between playing fast and out of control and the Patriots, with quarterback Tom Brady leading the way, expertly navigated it all.
For a comparison, the high total for snaps charted in a game last year was 80. Going back to 2009, it was 83.
QB Tom Brady -- 94 of 94
TE Rob Gronkowski -- 94 of 94
WR Brandon Lloyd -- 91 of 94
WR Wes Welker -- 87 of 94
WR Deion Branch -- 61 of 94
RB Stevan Ridley -- 45 of 94
TE Daniel Fells -- 35 of 94
RB Brandon Bolden -- 22 of 94
RB Danny Woodhead -- 20 of 94
RB Shane Vereen -- 6 of 94
TE Nick McDonald -- 4 of 94
WR Matthew Slater -- 3 of 94
FB Dan Connolly -- 2 of 94
ANALYSIS: There weren't a lot of substitutions because the offense was playing so fast. ... Brandon Lloyd and Wes Welker were the constants at receiver, while Rob Gronkowski was at tight end. Then it was just a question of whether receiver Deion Branch or Daniel Fells would be the fourth option. ... The running backs were ready to integrate into the mix, staying alert on the sideline and sprinting into the game when their number was called. Most of the time, the backs got a string of snaps in a row, with Stevan Ridley clearly the No. 1 option. Ridley got 21 snaps in the first half and 24 in the second half.