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Virginia health-care ruling strikes down key provision of Obama's plan
Monday, December 13, 2010; 3:00 PM
Tim Jost, law professor at William and Lee University School of Law, and Stephen Vladeck, law professor at American University were online Monday, Dec. 13, at 3 p.m. ET to discuss the controversy over whether a key provision of the Obama health-care bill is unconstitutional.
Tim Jost: tim jost, washington and lee university, I am here to discuss the ruling of Judge Hopkins today on the constitutionality of the health care reform statute.
Fairfax, Va.: Could this negate the whole health-care bill?
Tim Jost: No. Judge Hudson only held that the minimum coverage requirement was unconstitutional. He specifically did not enjoin the implementation of the legislation. He also held that the provision was independent from the rest of the statute, so only that provision was struck down, and provisions that specifically refer to it, of which they are none. This does not affect the rest of the law.
Washington, D.C.: How much is politics playing in this?
Tim Jost: Clearly Attorney General Cuccinelli has been playing this for all the political capital that it is worth, but I think the judges who have heard these cases are really trying to figure out the law. Judge Hudson has simply misinterpreted the Commerce Clause.
Atlanta, Ga.: Is this ruling more significant than the two opposite rulings that have come before it?
Tim Jost: no, all are federal district court opinions and all carry equal weight legally. This case is higher profile because it was brought by a state, but the decision is no more important legally than the other 14 cases that have rejected challenges.
Hagerstown, Md.: How much of a roadblock will this be and will it reach the Supreme Court?
Tim Jost: It will have no legal effect at this time, since the law would not be implemented until 2014 in any event. It is possible that the case will reach the Supreme Court, but if tall of the courts of appeals decide to uphold the law (or strike it down) it may never get to the Supreme Court.
Washington, D.C.: How soon before the Supreme Court takes this? Have any circuit courts of appeal ruled yet?
Tim Jost: One court of appeal (the fourth circuit) has upheld an earlier district court decision that rejected a claim on jurisdictional grounds. It will be some time before this reaches the Supreme Court, if it ever does.
Arlington, Va.: First a comment -- to all those people who say that voting doesn't matter, at either state or federal level -- IT DOES. And while Judge Hudson overturned the individual mandate, what is the status of pre-existing conditions? And how does his decision match up with the other cases around the country?
Tim Jost: This does not legally affect the provisions of the Affordable Care Act outlawing preexisting conditions clauses, because the court held that this provision was "severable." It does affect them practically, because it will be hard for insurers to take people with preexisting conditions if healthy people can choose not to purchase insurance until they get sick and then buy it. This will make insurance much more expensive for responsible people who insure themselves.
Richmond, Va.: Could this ruling be used by hospitals to say it's unconstitutional to force them to treat people who can't pay? If you can't force people to buy insurance, how can you force people to treat people who can't pay? It's not like medical care is a right.
Thanks for taking our questions.
Tim Jost: There is no constitutional right to medical care, but Americans are ambivalent on whether there is a right to health care or not. Most Americans believe that people should be able to get some care, whether they can afford it or not. We don't want to step over dead bodies in the street. The emergency care requirement is imposed only on hospitals that accept Medicare. it is imposed under the spending clause and is clearly constitutional. Some states also require emergency care, but they have plenary police power.
Ohio: So, by this Virginia judge's logic, it's also unconstitutional for states to require drivers to purchase auto insurance, since that also "forces consumers into the market."
I'd like to see that lawsuit.
Tim Jost: There actually were a number of lawsuits challenging mandatory liability insurance requirements and they were upheld. But these are state laws and thus do not need to be justified under the federal Constitution. Also, Judge Hudson would say these laws only apply if one engages in the "activity" of driving.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: If, as you say, "Judge Hudson has simply misinterpreted the Commerce Clause," then can't today's decision be overturned at the Appeals Court level?
Tim Jost: It can be, and in all probability will be. The 4th Circuit will hear both the appeals from Judge Moon's decision upholding the law and Judge Hudson's decision striking it down. We will see which they go with. Of course, there may be more decisions by then.
Tim Jost: What if there were a cholera epidemic sweeping the US as there is in Haiti. What if the federal government required everyone to be vaccinated for cholera (as it considered doing for various biological warfare agents post 911). This would also require inactive persons to engage in an activity. Would the law be unconstitutional? I would think that given the impact a national epidemic could have on commerce, it would be upheld. Similarly, the decision not to insure has national ramifications, and Congress can regulate it.
Washington,D.C.: Are the other parties contending the same issue about the bill?
Tim Jost: The challenge to the individual mandate is raised by most of the cases. Lots of other issues are in them as well, many of them based on misunderstandings of the legislation.
Atlanta, Ga.: You wrote: "This case is higher profile because it was brought by a state, but the decision is no more important legally than the other 14 cases that have rejected challenges."
Pretty much every major online news source, including the Post, has this ruling as their headline. In light of the rulings that have come before it, do you think that is justified?
Tim Jost: Not from the standpoint of legal authority. This one is, of course, very important politically since the plaintiff is a state. The news media are, of course, more interested in politics than in law.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: If, as you say, more district courts strike down "the constitutionality of the health-care reform statute," will this make it harder for Appeals Courts to overturn them?
Tim Jost: Maybe I misspoke. right now 14 cases have refused to strike the statute down, one (the Virginia case) has held it unconstitutional. A 14 - 1 record can get you a BCS bowl. The Courts of Appeals would probably be more likely to rule one way or the other if the district courts were unanimous, but in fact the courts of appeals review legal questions afresh, and are not likely to rule one way or the other just because the district courts have.
Laytonsville, Md.: So - we are supposed to buy and accept your terse statement that the judge has "...simply misinterpreted the Commerce Clause." I would imagine I could probably find a number of law professors around the country who: a) aren't on this chat, and b) would disagree with you. Isn't that so?
Just wanted to make sure that readers of this forum understand that you're not the final arbiter here.
Tim Jost: Absolutely. I think the most constitutional law scholars would agree with me, but a number would not. The Supreme Court is the final arbiter. On the other hand, I have been teaching and writing about health law for 30 years and have spent more time with the Affordable Care Act than virtually anyone else in the country, so I was not picked randomly for this task.
washingtonpost.com: Prof. Stephen Vladeck of American University will now answer questions.
Wichita, Kan.: Isn't it inaccurate to say that a Federal District Judge can "strike down" part of legislation as being unconstitutional? Can't only the USSC do that? I was given to understand FDJs could only declare relevance of facts to application of law.
Also, the article summarized: "Neither the Supreme Court nor any federal circuit court of appeals has extended Commerce Clause powers to compel an individual to involuntarily enter the stream of commerce by purchasing a commodity in the private market," he wrote. "In doing so, enactment of the {individual mandate] exceeds the Commerce Clause powers vested in Congress under Article I -of the Constitution.]
Wickard V. Filburn, the basis for most Commerce Clause cases, indeed says that.
Stephen Vladeck: It's fairly well-settled that district courts can enjoin state and federal laws on the ground that they're unconstitutional. It's an awesome power for those jurists to exercise, but it's hardly unprecedented. The principal check on that authority is the appeals process, which, as Professor Jost mentioned, is where these cases will go next.
To answer your second question, and to go back to one of Professor Jost's exchanges with a prior commenter, I think Wickard v. Filburn is the key here. The question is whether there's a difference between the government's power to stop an individual from doing something (there, growing wheat) versus to compel an individual to do something...
Takoma Park, Md.: My Con Law professor will be so disappointed in my memory... But, notwithstanding the decision of any of the lower Federal courts' decisions to hear and rule on these complaints, will the issue be "ripe" per SCOTUS until the effective date of the specific Section in 2014?
Stephen Vladeck: The ripeness issue is a big deal, since the provision that Judge Hudson struck down today isn't even in effect yet. But as your con law professor probably told you (and as I tell my students), courts that want to rule on the merits of a case usually find a way to do so. And unlike other bars to deciding cases, the longer things drag out, the less ripeness is a concern...
Washington, D.C.: In your view, what limits are there to congressional power under the commerce clause (since my being alive is apparently an event that permits forcing me to purchase insurance, is there anything that I do that doesn't have, on a collective level, a commerce clause implication)?
Stephen Vladeck: This is the key question, methinks, and my own view, for what it's worth, is that the answer is yes. But given the existence of comprehensive nationwide health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid, and given that virtually every major health insurance company is a national business, it seems to me that health care is not the tipping point, but rather one of the areas where there's a stronger argument that each person's conduct affects the national market. Yes, it may not seem that way to the individuals on the street, but by that logic, virtually nothing would constitute "interstate" commerce. The real issue is where the line is, and I think the idea (and the nationwide extent) of the "market" is the key...
Washington, D.C.: Were all 14 of those cases about the individual mandate, specifically? And were all the verdicts on the merits (as opposed to procedural grounds)? You said challenges to the law, which includes many aspects other than the individual mandate, and didn't specify if they were merits decision on the power of Congress under the Commerce Clause.
Stephen Vladeck: Every single lawsuit has been at least in part a challenge to the "individual mandate." Professor Jost has been following the individual cases more closely, but my understanding is that some of the 14 decisions before today have been on the "merits" (i.e., that the bill is constitutional), and some have been on other grounds, including ripeness (mentioned above), and other "procedural" bars to relief. I believe that the Post is keeping a helpful chart...
Annandale, Va.: This is why we needed the public option.
I worry that none of the provisions of this bill address the underlying problem: the spiraling costs of medical care, not insurance.
Stephen Vladeck: That may well be true. Indeed, that's why a significant number of Democratic members of Congress (and their supporters) thought that the bill didn't actually address the core underlying issues with our current health care system. Whether it is the best policy choice, though, doesn't (or at least shouldn't) factor into whether Congress had the power to enact it. And the same is true in reverse: it's important to separate out political opposition to the bill from the view that it's unconstitutional. We'd all do well to remember that there's a big difference between what Congress can do, and what, in our view, it should do...
Richmond, Va.: "I think Wickard v. Filburn is the key here."
Why was it necessary to amend the Constitution with the Eighteenth Amendment(Prohibition)if Wickard v Filburn was the correct understanding of the Commerce Clause?
Presumably under the reasoning of Wickard v Filburn the Commerce Clause alone should have sufficed to grant Congress the power to enact the Volstead Act. Why would you need to amend the Constitution to regulate alcohol but not wheat?
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Wikipedia)
Volstead Act (Wikipedia)
Stephen Vladeck: If Wickard v. Filburn were on the books, I doubt the Eighteenth Amendment would have been necessary (although I'm sure those who know the history of that time period better than I could come up with an argument distinguishing wheat from liquor). The reality, though, is that the Supreme Court fundamentally altered its view of the scope of Congress's regulatory powers in the late-1930s, in the process of upholding many of the key programs of the New Deal. Wickard is emblematic of that trend--and the recognition of a reality driven home by the Great Depression, i.e., that local events affected national (and interstate) commerce a lot more than had previously been appreciated.
I take it as a given that many will think that Wickard was wrongly decided--that's certainly a fair position. But so long as it's on the books, I think there isn't a lot of room between its analysis and the analysis of the health care bill...
Washington, D.C.: Thanks for answering my earlier question. Follow-up: Medicare and Medicaid both have opt-out provisions, so I don't see how that justifies the mandate, under the commerce clause. Can you explain further? I see no reason why Congress couldn't start a USA equivilent to the NHS (and would not need CC power to do it) provided it has an opt-out (like NHS, Medicare, and Medicaid). The individual mandate seems fundamentally different.
Stephen Vladeck: Yes, Medicare and Medicaid both have opt-out provisions, but those provisions aren't the reason why both are constitutional... It may make more sense as a policy matter to do as you suggest, but the issue I was trying to address is why Congress could reasonably conclude that there is such a thing as a national market for health insurance that would justify the individual mandate. This is an area of law where there has been a sustained federal presence for over 45 years, a federal presence that suggests the existence of a national market. If that's true, then the question becomes how Congress is able to regulate a national market without leaving millions of Americans uninsured.... and that's how we ended up here.
In other words, it seems to me that one could oppose the constitutionality of the bill under the Commerce Clause either because (1) there isn't a national market; or (2) Congress can't regulate individual choices even in the context of a national market. (1) seems foreclosed by the facts; (2) seems foreclosed by Wickard and Gonzales v. Raich. The Supreme Court may yet choose to revisit those precedents, but the lower courts are bound to follow those decisions until and unless that happens...
State of Dyspepsia: Who are the people who want to refuse access to healthcare at any cost, and remain uninsured?
I'm fairly certain all of our commenters who are appalled at the mandate are already insured...
Stephen Vladeck: To be fair, the arguments against the bill aren't frivolous. The reality is that the federal government's power under the Commerce Clause today is quite expansive, and I think it's entirely reasonable to ask where the limits are, given how important a constitutional principle it is that the federal government has limited powers...
I just think that health care isn't the substantive legal field in which to have that fight, given some of the points noted above about the nature of the market, the existence of prior government regulation, and the current precedent.
Perhaps the better question of those who oppose the bill is whether they would also oppose it if it were a state law, rather than a federal one...
Seattle, Wash.: As a hospital executive, I am able to write volumes about the cost of the uninsured and our general requirement to treat these patients as a condition to our particiation in Medicare. Frankly, no hospital could survive without Medicare, so in effect is a de-facto mandate.
What would prevent the government from connecting the mandate with some other requriements, such as selectice service registration, entitlement to unemployment compensation, or evening a driving license--to make purchase of health insurance impossible to avoid?
Stephen Vladeck: The reality is that there has to be a "reasonable" relationship between what Congress is doing and why it's doing it. I suspect that courts would be more skeptical of tying non-health insurance related mandates to this kind of regulation, and so that would be the real check...
But the larger point about Medicare being a de facto mandate drives home something I said earlier--it's hard to un-ring the bell when it comes to federal intervention in health care, and that may have a lot to do with how these lawsuits ultimately end up...
Stephen Vladeck: I'm signing off now, but thanks to all for your thoughtful questions and comments. I'd be happy to continue the conversation offline; feel free to e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Thanks also to the Washington Post for having me! Have a great week, everybody...
Editor's Note: washingtonpost.com moderators retain editorial control over Discussions and choose the most relevant questions for guests and hosts; guests and hosts can decline to answer questions. washingtonpost.com is not responsible for any content posted by third parties.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Event details
Justin Bieber, one of the world's biggest pop sensations, is bringing the Purpose World Tour to the Barclaycard Arena on 17th and 18th October 2016!!
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Cobblestone Farm is within 2 miles (3 km) of Extended Stay America - Detroit - Ann Arbor-University South while other popular attractions such as Michigan Stadium are within 3 miles (5 km). This hotel has 70 rooms and welcomes guests with conveniences like free breakfast, free in-room WiFi, and free self parking. University of Michigan Museum of Art and University of Michigan are also near this Ann Arbor hotel.
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MENDON The memorial service for Randi S. Moelter, 59, who died Sept. 28, 2012, was held Sunday, Oct. 21, at Trinity Episcopal Church in Rutland.
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The Order of Eastern Star held a fraternal service.
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Arrangements are under the direction of the Aldous Funeral Home.MORE IN ObituariesFred E. Spencer Jr.
MIDDLEBURY Fred E. Spencer Jr., 91, died Sept. Full StoryDennis P. Clook
BRANDON Dennis Pitman Clook, 64, died Monday, Sept. Full StoryHubert Pratt
Graveside services for Hubie D. Pratt, 78, of Rutland, who died Aug. Full Story
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Pep Boys' fall from grace as the former auto parts "Category Killer" began under Mitch Leibovitz's tenor as C.E.O. His one good idea was to upgrade the quality of both new and rebuilt parts. Other than that, he showed very poor judgement, including picking a horrible location for a new store here in California! I've read a few opinions regarding the offer price of $15/share and have an opinion of my own (big surprise). I believe that $18/share is a much more reasonable offer. A forward P.E. of 20 and an estimated forward earnings of .91/share would translate into an $18.20 share price. Also, PBY was at $22 shortly before the economy took a nose dive. Recently, PBY's performance has been improving. I don't think PBY deserves $22/share, but I do believe $18/share is very fair and reasonable. Manny, Moe & Jack are turning in their graves thanks to Mitch Leibovitz!
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'On Route 2003' is a three day conference exploring the diversity of carnival arts today and celebrating the achievements of carnival artists worldwide.
Two academic sessions are included in the programme. These take place on 16 and 17 June from 14.00 to 16.00 in the Brunei Gallery Lecture Theatre. For more details, please see programme below.
Admission to these sessions is free to anyone whether or not they are taking part in the rest of the conference.
Please pass this information on to anyone who may be interested.
Panel 1 – Identifying the Form and Aesthetics
16 June 2003 2-4pm
Carnival in Context: English Festive Misrule
Chris Humphrey
Research Associate
University of York
This paper considers how insights gained from a study of medieval English festivals can be applied to carnival-style events in the post-medieval period. By stimulating a discussion of approaches that can reach beyond theories of carnival culture as either subversive or a safety-valve, the aim is to open up an appreciation of the real diversity of its social meanings and political possibilities.
Panel 1 – Identifying the Form and Aesthetics
16 June 2003 2-4pm
Theatricalizing Everyday Space (1): The Yorůbá Experience
Akin Oyčtádé
Department of the Languages and Cultures of Africa
School of Oriental and African Studies
University of London
This paper examines the use of everyday space during the egúngún annual festival in Yorůbá land. The egúngún "masquerade", symbolises the spirits of departed ancestors in Yorůbá belief. There is a very fine line between the world of the living and of the dead among the Yorůbá. Hence, elderly members of a family do not disappear permanently at death. Rather, they are believed to become more potent and closer to their families and watch over them, even though they are not always visible to the naked eyes. They can see the mortal person and protect them from dangers, but the living members of their families may not be able to see them, except after some rituals. In times of trouble, people are encouraged to call upon their dead parents for help, and it is believed that they will appear in vision, trance or dream to offer solution. In order to commemorate this belief, the ancestors are remembered and venerated yearly by the spectacle of the egúngún festival, which turns whole streets, squares, market grounds, etc., into theatrical spaces for performances and entertainment.
The paper will examine what goes on behind the scenes in the sacred grove known as Igbó ěgbŕl¬. The rank of officials allowed into the sacred grounds where the egúngún is dressed before he is allowed to come to the open, everyday space will be analysed and the role of the Ölşkř "the guide" of the egúngún will be examined. It is a well known that only men carry/wear or are dressed up in the ¬kú or agř, "the costume" of the egúngún. This gender-specific role will be examined against the popular saying: awo egúngún loběnrín lč ße, awo g¬l¬dd… loběnrín lč mř, bóběnrín fojú borň, orň á gbé e "the cult/esoteric group of the egúngún is open for women to participate in, the cult/esoteric group of the g¬l¬d… is what women are allowed to have a knowledge of, if a woman dares to set her eyes on the orň "the bull roarer", orň will 'carry her' - make her disappear." Finally, we will examine the cultural significance of suffering and affliction through whipping with ŕtňrě during the egúngún festival.
Carnival in Context: a South Italian Ritual Cycle
Herman Tak
University of Utrecht
A major mistake many historians and (historical) anthropologists make - as the Russian philologist Vladimir Propp has already pointed out - is that they study festivals / rituals including carnival in isolation that is ignoring their mutual relations. Instead we should see carnival as related to a ritual year cycle, or more precisely, view the great variety of festivals and rituals displaying carnival characteristics the agrarian Europe knew in their relation to the multitude of agrarian cycles. The agrarian cycle depended closely on the seasons and ways fields were cultivated, cattle and sheep were pastured, hundreds of years of local and regional events and histories, and followed the course of the sun or the moon. Yet time was not cyclic (a geometric metaphor) but polar: 'a repetition of repeated reversal, a sequence of oscillations between polar opposites: night and day, winter and summer, drought and flood, age and youth, life and death' (Leach 1961). From the perspective of ritual alternation, Bakhtin's 'popular religion' did not have just one face. It was a Janus face with a devout (summer) side and a carnival (winter) side, a period characterized by a relative economic standstill and possible food shortages. In these circumstances reversal was, among other things, a way to resolve such experienced plights. Besides, inversion meant also derision of religion and the established order whose failure became clear in the winter season.
Theatricalising Everyday Space (2):
a post-ramaddan processional festival in northern Nigeria
Frances Harding and Malami Buba
Department of the Languages and Cultures of Africa
School of Oriental and African Studies
University of London
In this paper, we look at the post-ramadan celebrations (called in Hausa language 'bukin sallah') and note its carnivalesque characteristics.
The ancient city of Katsina, Northern Nigeria is well-known for its spectacular post-ramadan processional performance. Situated on the Sahel, the southern fringe of the Sahara desert, the people of the area are predominantly Hausa with significant Fulani and Tuareg populations as well. There is a long history of both resistance to, and absorption of, various elements of the languages and cultures of the non-Hausa people, although Hausa is the main language spoken.
In the paper, we draw attention to the ways in which, along with modernity, many historic features, held in tension in the society, are uniquely evidenced in the visual and performative display during the processional performance.
In addressing the aesthetics and form of the processional performance, we consider in particular four related aspects: costume design and colour, acts of performing and display, the use of space, and gendered & cross-gender participation. We illustrate this with video footage from the 1997 event.
Panel 2 – Reading Carnival and its Meanings
17 June 2003 2-4pm
Performing Carnival, Making Meaning, Playing Mas
Adela Ruth Tompsett
University of Middlesex
Examination of carnival's post-emancipation development in the Caribbean is essential to an understanding of meaning in contemporary mas, whether in the Caribbean or in the Caribbean-derived carnivals of the diaspora. History continues to inform the masquerade, while at the same time, cultural mixing in Brooklyn and Toronto, Notting Hill and Leeds, has introduced other ways of being and seeing.
This paper will focus on Notting Hill Carnival and examine how its Trinidadian origin continues to be significant and how its development in London's urban, culturally diverse and globally interactive location has variously shaped and influenced the mas. It will address how meaning is layered in mas, and, along with notions of public and personal significances in a masquerade, show that how the mas is played, influences how it is read.
Reference will be made to key figures including Errol Hill, Daniel Crowley and Peter Minshall,, to personal documenting and observation of mas on the road, and to interviews with contemporary designers and players.
In conclusion, the paper articulates ways in which mas makes meaning, explores ideas and actualities and demonstrates how mas is a medium of communication as well as functioning aesthetically.
Theorizing Carnival: Bakhtin and the Literature of Carnival in the Caribbean
Nana Wilson-Tagoe
Department of the Languages and Cultures of Africa
School of Oriental and African Studies
University of London
This paper explores multiple meanings in transpositions of carnival in literary texts. Its particular focus on the Caribbean creates space for re-visiting aspects of Bakhtin's theorisation of carnival. As a living tradition in Caribbean societies carnival operates both as spectacle, ritual and metaphor in Caribbean texts. Its capacity to appropriate and mobilise space, and its tendency to unleash energies that can be at once creative, subversive and destructive make it a convenient trope for exploring both aspiration and contradiction in postcolonial Caribbean texts. Bakhtin's notion of carnival on the other hand centres on the historical carnivals of the Middle Ages, which as he argues, survive in certain kinds of writing. His view of carnival as the popular humorous and disruptive 'other' of fixed medieval hierarchies is central to his theorisation of doubleness as resistance and his formulation of what he has called, 'grotesque realism.' But is his generally liberatory view of carnival echoed in the trope of carnival in Caribbean texts? How does the deployment of the trope in the Caribbean illuminate, complicate or extend Bakhtin's theorisations? To what extent do the two contexts throw up similar and contrasting perspectives on carnival? The paper explores these questions by examining three Caribbean texts in relations to Bakhtin's theorisation. Its special focus on Paule Marshall's The Chosen Place, The Timeless People, Lovelace's The Dragon Can't Dance and Salt will be illuminated and enlarged with references to the work of Walcott, Brathwaite and Harris.
The Spectacle of the Carnival in African Literature
Kwadwo Osei-Nyame, Jnr
Department of the Languages and Cultures of Africa
School of Oriental and African Studies
University of London
As performance and as cultural expression, carnival may be deployed as the ritual re-enactment of the vicissitudes of a community and as a discourse that is simultaneously reflective of a mode of self-affirmation and self-interrogation. I shall demonstrate the extent to which literature has engaged with carnival as the "symbolic exchange of language, " which is "circumscribed and permeated by a specific historical environment." I shall conclude with the argument that the use of carnival as ritual in African societies is often a mode of dramatic expression that simultaneously reflects in its performance the solidification and problematization of individual and communal bonds.
abstract not currently available
Trinidad Carnival and its Multiple Meanings
Dr Hollis Urban Liverpool
Director of Culture for the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Academic Sessions - Admission to these two sessions is free to everyone.
Monday June 16 2pm – 4pm
Panel 1 - Identifying the Form and Aesthetics
Chris Humphrey – Carnival in Context: English Festive Misrule
Akin Oyetade – Theatricalising Everyday Space(1): the Yoruba experience in SW Nigeria
Herman Tak - Carnival in Context: a South Italian Ritual Cycle
Malami Buba and Frances Harding – Theatricalising Everyday Space (2): a post-ramaddan processional festival in northern Nigeria
Tuesday 17 June 2pm – 4pm
Panel 2 - Reading Carnival and its Meanings
Ruth Tompsett – Performing Carnival, Making Meaning, Playing Mas
Nana Wilson-Tagoe – Theorising Carnival – Bakhtin and the Literature of Carnival in the Caribbean
Kwadwo Osei-Nyame – The Spectacle of Carnival in African Literature
Hollis Urban Liverpool — Trinidad Carnival and its Multiple Meanings
On each of the first two days of the Conference, from 2- 4pm, an academic panel will address issues of Carnival in performance and in literature.
The first panel is on 'Form and Aesthetics' and draws examples from Africa, southern Italy and medieval England.
The second panel is 'Reading Carnival and its Meanings' and considers contemporary Trinidad and English Carnival both in performance and in the writings of Bakhtin and others.
Admission to these two sessions is free to everyone whether or not you are taking part in the rest of the conference


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The Vintage Vardos - Camp in Devon
Fisherton Farm
- Camp for 10 from £230 per night (read our low price promise)
- For sleeping arrangements see 'Essentials' section.
Suitable for children of all ages
Not suitable for pets
Children welcome. We're sorry, pets cannot be accommodated.
In a sleepy Devon meadow, on the edge of a wood, and next to a bubbling stream, three lovingly restored Gypsy caravans together make up the Vintage Vardos. Gavin and Jemma, the owners of Fisherton Farm, have transformed the trio into a gathering place just right for a group of grown-ups, a family or two on a jolly, a hen party with a difference... The wagons are all stars in their own right: the beautiful interiors of Big Ted, Red Rum and Little Gem are stylish, with a dash of glitz, and they can all sleep two adults plus two or more smaller ones (depending on size). The secluded glade feels perfectly private; climb down from the cosy pull-out beds to breakfast sizzling over the campfire, and a full day of exploration and adventure ahead. Collect the eggs, pick your own salad and veg in season, or get Jemma to rustle up a breakfast or dinner hamper with produce from the farm. Eat together around the enormous hand-crafted dining table, try the hot outdoor shower, and enjoy the peace of the truly inspired outdoor living room.
Cosy up and play games in the communal area 'Tippin' - a converted farm tip up trailer!
Fisherton Farm itself dates back to the 16th century, and is a working North Devon farm in picturesque countryside near the river Taw. You're within easy reach of wonderful day walks, good pubs, the Tarka Trail cycle path, Exmoor National Park and some of the best beaches in Britain. Children – and anyone with an imagination – will love it here. Try the rope swing over the stream!
Hen parties: Gather your best friends round the campfire at Fisherton Farm - it's perfect for a get-together in the fresh air, and can be fully catered, with activities such as woodland yoga arranged during your stay. For more information, see 'Things to do', call 01172 047 830 or email email@example.com.
Our guests say...
We had a great time- proper glamping; a unique location and place to sleep with all of the everyday items like sheets and crockery that you would need. Throw in a campfire and a welcome basket and you've got a winner! The caravans were clean and cosy. The site was lovely and peaceful- nice to be close to the farm to visit the chickens etc but not to be overlooked by it. The hosts Jemma and Gavin made us feel very welcome and were very good at giving the children opportunities to feed the calves and collect eggs from the chickens. A great stay.22/08/2016
This was a great stay for many reasons: 1) Our hosts, Jemma & Gavin were exceptional with their hospitality & advice 2) Beautiful location - 20 miles from glorious beaches & set within secluded wooded area across 2 fields. The farm was a few minutes walk away as was local village & park 3) Site really well thought out - sleeping areas with a large dining table, leading down steps to kitchen area & across to the rope swing where the kids spent all their time. The toilet/shower was up a small hill & eco friendly! 4) Site is extremely well equipped - all kitchen appliances required, including tea pot and cafetiere! There was a cool box with ice blocks which we exchanged at the farm 5) Fire pit was well set up with cast iron cooking pans etc and chopped wood nearby 6) Vintage vardos were beautiful & very comfortable to sleep in. There was a tent provided for the boys - who thankfully preferred this to the Vardos! 7) Farm Shop well stocked with delicious garden fruit & veg plus meats. We orderd fresh bread daily & Jemma's 'meals on wheels' were delicious cooked over fire 8) Free beach kit, wellies etc provided if needed 9) Able to feed the calves every morning & collect eggs13/08/2016
Fantastic visit. The setting was perfect and Jemma and Gavin were outstanding hosts. Jemma's food was wonderful with prepared meals ready to be cooked on the open camp fire. The children loved feeding the calves, collecting the eggs, helping to pick the fruit and vegetables...but waking in the cosy Vardos after a perfect nights sleep and seeing the dew on the meadow of wild flowers will live on in our memories.17/07/2016
This was our second stay at Fisherton Farm and we enjoyed it just as much as the first time ! The camp looked beautiful and our hosts Jemma and Gavin were wonderful again .They are so friendly and welcoming and can't do enough to make sure everyone has a great experience . We watched some sheep being sheared and met a new calf born during the night . We would highly recommend the Vintage Vardos and are looking forward to our third visit already28/05/2016
Loved every minute of our stay, arranged a surprise for my partners birthday and him and his friends all found it amazing. Jemma and Gain are also very welcoming and warm people who had thought if everything for our stay. The wagons are so unique and topped it off having a cosy bed to sleep in after a night around the campfire. Would definately recommend to everybody!21/04/2016
We had the most magical time in the gypsy caravans, eight mums looking to let our hair down and we certainly did that. Jemma and Gavin were amazing hosts, they couldn't have done more for us and the people who owned the local pub were so welcoming, they even brought a TV down from upstairs so we could watch The Grand National. It was a wonderful experience which wasn't even spoilt by the rain. We can't wait to go back with our families and also for another girls weekend next year! I couldn't recommend it any higher. If anyone needs a break from the world then this is the place to come. I've also ordered some of Jemma's amazing home made jam which she is kindly posting to me today.08/04/2016
Fantastic location and a really warm welcome. The caravans were lovely, and the children had a great time exploring the site. Sitting round the camp fire toasting marshmallows was sublime.04/04/2016
Brilliant location. Amazing hosts and what a unique setting!18/08/2015
We were utterly charmed by the whole experience and thought it was very well organised with every attention to detail.19/07/2015
Jemma and Gavin what wonderful people very moreish personalities the place was is very pleasant zoe the girls and i loved it and will return the locals all very kind to. all the best Eric12/06/2015
"Our stay at Fisherton Farm was quite frankly the BEST holiday we have ever had! There were three family's, 6 adults and 6 children ranging from 2 to 6 years old. The children ran themselves ragged in the woods and meadow. They LOVED the rope swing and damming the little stream with mud! And because we knew they couldn't get out of our little slice of paradise the adults had time to sit back and unwind around the camp fire. Most days breakfast didn't finish until midday. utter relaxation. Also I can not praise Gavin and Jemma enough. 2 nicer people you couldn't hope to meet. They really made our holiday something special. Nothing was too much trouble for them and Jemma's cooking is just DIVINE!"28/08/2014
"We had an amazing time. Jemma and Gavin were so friendly and helpful, even dropping us off at the local pub and picking us up after our meal. They are perfect hosts, talking us through how everything operates and making us feel very welcome. The caravans are fantastic and beautifully restored. The whole site has been so well thought out and designed to perfection. We will be visiting again."25/05/2013
"What a fantastic holiday. Gorgeous place - fantastic hosts Gavin and Jemma could not have been more welcoming. Great value for money and would recommend this unique quirky holiday to everybody. All three Vardos immaculate and the outdoor cooking area was perfect as the attention to detail ( from candles to cooking pots!) was faultless."03/05/2013
Rion and Chris
"We had a wonderful time; the setting for the vardos (caravans) and vardos themselves were beautiful with every detail taken care of. The shower was a particular highlight as it had a great view down the valley. Our hosts, who live on and run the farm, were extremely helpful and welcoming."14/04/2013
"My husband and I took my family (my 27 yr old sister, her boyfriend, my 25 yr old brother) to The Vintage Vardos as a surprise...their reaction surpassed my expectations! The hosts, Jemma and Gavin, are attentive, friendly and very welcoming. They have literally thought of everything that you may need to make your stay comfortable and relaxing. It was, we all agreed, our best family holiday in years...we enjoyed it so much that we have agreed that it is to become a yearly occurrence. I would recommend The Vintage Vardos to anybody (in fact, I already have - to everyone I know!) Don't hesitate...book it!"15/08/2012
"Had a wonderful time with two other families; we wanted to experience camping with a bit of luxury and Jemma & Gavin provided just that and more. They were endlessly friendly, helpful and couldn't do enough to make our stay comfortable and happy. They're natural hosts who obviously enjoy this new part of their farming business and deserve to be fully booked! Our children had an absolute ball and could play on their own in safety."11/08/2012
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Tune in this Wednesday, January 19 to Oprah's OWN Network to learn healthy tricks of the trade from some of Oprah's favorite chefs.
On Cristina Ferrare's Big Bowl of Love, you'll get to explore how to find hidden health in recipes like low calorie pizza, turkey cheeseburgersand tequila-lime shrimp. Oprah's beloved Chef Art Smith will be showing you how to turn decadent and calorie-laden foods like pizza and burgers into tantalizing creations that are as delicious as they are healthy. (more…)


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When you wish upon a...lantern!
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Wishing upon a star is fine and dandy but the twinkly little blighters are usually obscured by clouds. And that's a shame because starry skies always
add a touch of magic
to outdoor events, especially weddings.
So how do you add an element of wonder to evening do's and illuminate the night sky without forking out thousands on fireworks? No, you don't get guests to scribble their names in the dark with sparklers. You buy some jaw-droppingly gracious
Sky Lanterns
These enchanting paper blimps are guaranteed to become the
talking point of any evening soiree
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gradually ascends to the heavens, glowing as it rises. You can even personalise your lantern with wishes, thoughts or messages of love using a marker pen: 'Thanks for the wedding, dad. The bill's in the post.'
10 x Lanterns
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Off the scale in terms of ooh-aah-factor, Sky Lanterns are ideal for countless night time events and they're infinitely more original than noisy fireworks. So what are you waiting for? Make a wish.
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10x Paper Lanterns
Each lantern measures approximately 94cm x 56cm
Safety Instructions:
Unpack Lanterns in a safe environment, away from any sources of ignition. Take care not to tear the delicate paper.
Wear gloves and flame retardant clothing.
Have a bucket of water and/or fire extinguisher handy.
Children in the launch area must be kept under strict supervision at all times.
No persons under the influence of alcohol should be involved in the handling or igniting of the Lanterns.
Never smoke while handling the Lanterns.
Check wind speed and ensure that the wind is not stronger than 5 mph.
Check wind direction and ensure that the flight path is clear and Lanterns will not drift into buildings or trees.
Do not release within 5 miles of an airport.
Never use near airports, roads, dry standing crops, or in places where they may be misinterpreted as a distress signal.
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Sky Lanterns are safe when used correctly but are not toys and should not be used by children.


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Hello, Pot Luck-ers! I am so excited to join the Shop Rite Pot Luck family! Let me introduce myself: My name is Brie and I am a wife, mother, and writer at {…a breezy life} who currently calls Collingswood, NJ home. Read More »
Hello, Pot Luck-ers! I am so excited to join the Shop Rite Pot Luck family! Let me introduce myself: My name is Brie and I am a wife, mother, and writer at {…a breezy life} who currently calls Collingswood, NJ home. Read More »
It's unquestionably more American than apple pie — throwing the pigskin around on asphalt, absorbing the sharp pain on your fingers as you make a catch, and soaking in all the sights and smells of the most coveted game-day tradition. Yes, we're talking about tailgating. Read More »
"A new year, a new you!!" Every new year is a chance to start the year off even better than the last. A time to learn new healthier habits, and get a fresh start. Do you make new years resolutions? Read More »
Slow Cookers are a great way to have a healthy meal that is ready when you get home from work or school. Most slow cooker recipes you can simply put all the ingredients in and allow it to cook undisturbed for hours at a time. You can make almost anything in a slow cooker, I've made delicious dips, soup and even a whole chicken. Read More »
Summer is here! It is in the smell of the fresh cut grass, the fragrant flowers in bloom, and, ah yes, that irresistible, unmistakable aroma of a fired up grill.It is a time when people are busy planting their gardens, and planning their menus. Read More »
Quinoa, quinoa – everyone's talking about quinoa these days! Sure – this little seed is a nutritional powerhouse, a complete protein and gluten free. Read More »
Have you ever had Chicken Riggies? It's a delicious chicken and pasta dish in a spicy tomato cream sauce. I've been craving it lately, so when ShopRite sent me samples of their new imported organic pasta, I knew that I would have to share my favorite recipe. Read More »
Summer may be ending, but grilling season isn't over yet … at least not at my home! We grill year-round on our small charcoal grill. We love cooking outdoors on charcoal because it's fast, it imparts a smoky flavor on our food, and it keeps the mess out of our small kitchen. Read More »
Did you know ShopRite has its own brand of marinades? They are fabulous. There are a TON of different flavors. Being Mommy to an almost 1 year old, these are lifesavers. It's so easy to throw the chicken in the bag with some marinade and let it soak up the yummy juices while I get to play with my daughter. Read More »
I love Chinese food but only really good, quality Chinese food made with quality ingredients and good meats, which is quite hard to come by, to say the least. Recently, I received a package of all kinds of delicious nuts from ShopRite, everything from cashews to almonds to a variety of mixed nuts. I made a great salad that incorporated some of the cashews, but decided to save the rest to make a Chinese style sesame chicken. Read More »


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The Toffee Man - Sell Sweets For Payment
Information about working for the Scottish Toffee Man where you get your own round in an area to sell toffee, tablet, macaroon and coconut ice:
The Toffee Man is a franchise that has been operating throughout Scotland for decades. They rely on children to sell toffee, tablet, macaroon and coconut ice in local areas for a commission on sales. This commission is currently set at 25% of the recommended selling price.
I have published a book which tells the story of an Aberdonian military nurse who returns from Afghanistan and encounters The Grey Lady Ghost of the Cambridge Military Hospital. The novel reveals her origins and takes him to a pre-war Duthie Park, modern day Cruden Bay and back to the past to the Battle of Loos in World War One where he witnesses the Gordon Highlanders in action. This is the first in the series of Grey and Scarlet Novels by me, CG Buswell, and each book will feature a well known Aberdeen ghost and Aberdeenshire area as well as modern Scottish Infantry in action. Read the first chapter for free.
Win two tickets to Aberdeen Oktoberfest which takes place in the Castlegate from the 12th to the 16th October 2016. Each ticket includes entry to Thursday 13th, seat reservation and one plate of Bavarian sausages and fries.
To enter simply visit our Facebook page at www.facebook.com/aboutaberdeen.co.uk and LIKE, COMMENT or SHARE this post before midnight 5th October 2016.
Get an extra entry when you visit our Twitter page and Like or Retweet the competition posts at twitter.com/aboutaberdeen1
Please see aboutaberdeen.com/Scottish-Competitions for terms and conditions. You must be over 18 to enter this competition.
How Does Working For The Toffee Man Work
Working for The Toffee Man is very easy and most job opportunities are advertised locally in newspapers such as the Evening Express on the job page and usually says something like The Toffee Man requires Boys and Girls for Toffee rounds in your own area followed by a contact telephone number or mobile phone number. Simply make contact and The Toffee Man will deliver an assorted box of sweets to sell for payment.
Most local authorities in Scotland allow children over the age of 13 years to work part time so long as it does not interfere with school or college studies. It is best to check at the school office before working for The Toffee Man and sell sweets for payment.
There is no need to pay for the sweets at this stage. You will get a set time to sell the sweets and when The Toffee Man returns to restock your toffee, macaroon, Scottish tablet and coconut ice you hand over the payments less your commission. So at no time should you have to use your own money. In 2007 the price of each slab or bar of toffee, macaroon, Scots tablet and coconut ice was 70 pence each and the minimum you are asked to sell is 60 bars. This works out at £42 per box. You give The Toffee Man £31-50 and keep £10-50 as your pay. If I have done my calculations correctly then this works out at just over 17 pence per bar sold. This is often supplemented by tips and can add between £5 to £10 a week in tips, though this will vary from toffee round to round. Most people slip a friendly and charming toffee round child a few extra pennies and some generous Scotsmen and women even let them keep he change from £1. These rates of pay may vary and are given as examples for information purposes.
Please do not be tempted to increase or decrease the set price of each bar of toffee and other confectionary. You must sell them at the recommended retail price.
Do consider though that the advantage of working for The Toffee Man is that few people can resist buying toffee, tablet, etc. It is a bit like the ice cream van stopping outside your house, you hear the jingle and fancy an icer. To increase your chances of a sale be polite and display your sweets to their best. For example rather than holding out a box of all toffee for customers to see our tip would be to have a box neatly displaying a selection of each bars. As your toffee round progresses you will soon know your best sellers and know what to display and restock from The Toffee Man. As your trust is earnt by The Toffee Man you can ask for more boxes to sell at each delivery. As your customers trust you they will soon look forward to your visits and buy more toffee, tablet, etc. So concentrate of getting a good reputation: close gates, don't jump over fences, take home your litter, look smart and keep your finger nails clean!
Densely populated areas will give you more customers and large families are more likely to buy several bars at a time.
Some people who work for The Toffee Man find that they sell more sweets door to door in their own neighbourhood where neighbours and friends know them, trust them and want to be helpful by buying toffee and getting a treat without having to leave their home.
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Do consider buying an A to Z street plan of areas you work in so that on your initial few visits you can visit each house. Write your routes down and let your responsible adult know where you will be visiting and after visiting each house on different days you can soon learn who buys from you and who does not. That way you can soon learn to know which homes to avoid because they never buy from you or are rude and to be avoided for your own safety. The positive thing from this is that you will be able to have a list of homes that buy from you regularly and soon you will have regular customers you frequently buy from you and this will save you a great deal of time. But do blanket drop new areas to drum up new customers, sell more toffee and get more pocket money. So for example if your parents are going to the supermarket or to visit friends then jump in the car with your Toffee Man goodies and whilst they are in the shop or chatting with friends get selling. Agree a time to meet back with mum or dad and you will have saved your bus fare home whilst your parent picks up the cost of petrol mileage!
Another option to easily sell toffee if you already do an after school job like a paper round is to deliver the newspapers and sell toffee at the same time. With the permission of the manager or warden you could also try residential homes or sheltered housing.
Other tips for working for The Toffee Man is to keep a supply of 10 pence pieces so that you can give customers their correct change. You may wish to write on your box the cost of multiples of sweets so that you can quickly tell people how much they need to pay for a set amount of sweets. This can help you avoid any mistakes in wrong prices or giving people the wrong change. If maths is not your strong subject then carry a calculator.
Other advantages of working for The Toffee Man is that you get your own round in a area so will not get troubled by other sellers having already visited customers at home. Each slab of toffee, tablet, macaroon, coconut ice etc are carefully cellophane wrapped so adhere to food hygiene laws. They are marked with a sell by date.
It is rare but some adults can work for The Toffee Man and earn an extra part time wage. It is more common for an adult to be an area Toffee man and recruit new children to toffee rounds, deliver and collect toffee and money, give advice and support, etc. This can be a full time job in large areas like Aberdeen City or part time in rural areas like Boddam, Peterhead, Mintlaw, Ellon, Stonehaven, etc. The largest expense will be your time and petrol in delivering the supplies. For example if you live in Balmedie and have an enquiry from New Pitsligo, Turriff, Inverurie, Oldmeldrum, Kintore, Banchory or Cruden Bay then it may not be worth recruiting this new Toffee man member, unless you can plan the drops and collections into a route that takes you near there to save on mileage. Though if this is a self employment you can claim this as a tax expense on your income tax return sheet. Other expenses such as job advertisements to recruit more toffee men, women, boys and girls can be added to the expense sheet. You should also declare any earnings and profit to the inland revenue and be prepared to pay tax and National Insurance contributions. Children under 16 years of age should not have to pay tax or NI.
Disadvantages To Working For The Toffee Man
There are few disadvantages to working for The Toffee Man. Sadly one of these is that you may be at risk of mugging or theft because you are young and carrying cash. You can reduce this risk by not going to unfamiliar areas and avoid working in the dark nights or unlit, isolated areas. An attack alarm could be useful to carry, these usually have a cord that you can slip round your wrist or tie to a jacket zip and pull quickly and easily to activate. Do try and carry a mobile phone so that you can contact a parent, friend or relative in an emergency.
Most customers will be polite and like your visit - I can't resist buying toffee for my family whenever boys and girls come to the door and the sweets are really tasty and most people will agree. However you will get the odd person who is rude and may enjoy teasing you or gets angry with you for disturbing them. It is best to just politely say goodbye and walk away and concentrate on providing a service to the nicer people in life.
Working for The Toffee Man and selling sweets for payment is a rewarding job that can be a great source of extra pocket money.
Toffee Man Jobs
Toffee Man Jobs will be listed here. If you are a Toffee Man and would like your contact details and areas of work available listed here for free then please contact me.
I would particularly like to hear from anyone in the Buchan and Broch areas as well as Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire and other parts of Scotland because I have had children in Boddam, Peterhead, Newburgh and Fraserburgh looking for Toffee man work.
Other areas where children would like to know about The Toffee Man include Whitburn and Pumpherston near Edinburgh in West Lothian and East Kilbride near Glasgow.
Please note that the information on this Toffee Man page is for info only and rates of pay, commission and terms and conditions may vary from area to area and for each Toffee Man. The official website for The Toffee Man will be listed soon.
Contact Details for the Toffeeman Company
I think the contact details for the Toffeeman company is:
Mcallister's Scottish Butter Tablet Confectionery Scotland Ltd
Telephone number TBA
Travelling Candy Store
The Travelling Candy Store is another option for children to sell sweets for payment. The contact telephone number for the Travelling Candy Store can usually be found in the Evening Express and local newspapers job pages.
More Aberdeenshire Food.
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Haggis Game
Helicopter Lessons
Hot Air Ballooning over the Castles.
Make Up Lesson
Murder Mystery
Old Aberdeen
Places To Stay
Places To Visit With Children
Race For Life
Scottish Tourist Attractions
Search Site
Site Map
Spa Day
Speed Dating
Test Shopping
Youth Groups


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0361 2308588 basistha, 781029 http://brahmaputraboard.gov.in Agriculture, Fishing & Forestry Agriculture
- Evaluations of Brahmaputra Board:
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NORTH EASTERN HYDRAULIC AND ALLIED RESEARCH INSTITUTE ... Brahmaputra Board, a statutory body was ... more
Recognizing the magnitude and complexity of the problem of floods and its ... more
The Brahmaputra Board was set up by the Govt. of India under an Act of Parliament i.e. The Brahmaputra Board Act, 1980 (46 of 1980) under the Ministry of Irrigation (now ... more
Guwahati: Brahmaputra Board General Manager Amarjyoti Barua was arrested today by the CBI while he was accepting a bribe from a contractor in his office chamber here ... more
Description of jobs in Brahmaputra Board Guwahati 2010 ... Brahmaputra Board was established on 11th January 1982 by the government of India under the Ministry of Irrigation ... more
2 Brahmaputra Board Jobs available in Assam on Indeed India. one search. all jobs. more
Betwa River Board. 4. Brahmaputra Board . Registered Societies . 1. National Water Development Agency. 2. National Institute of Hydrology . Public Sector Undertakings more
Brahmaputra Board was established by the Govt, of India in 1980 with the object of preparing a master plan for controlling the flood and bank erosion and improving the ... more
The technical support to the secretariat will be provided by the Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water Board, Brahmaputra Board and National Institute of ... more
Brahmaputra Board (1) Brahmaputra Board has carried out the detailed planning and documentation of the Water Resources of North East Region and prepared the ... more
The technical support to the secretariat will be provided by the Central Water Commission, Central Ground Water Board, Brahmaputra Board and National Institute of ... more
Brahmaputra Board: LOK SABHA Government proposes to restructure the Brahmaputra Board by way of brining an amendment in the existing Brahmaputra Board Act, 1980. more
Tags: Assam, Brahmaputra, Central Groundwater Authority (CGWA), Central Groundwater Board (CGWB), Groundwater, Guwahati, Water Resources, Water Supply more
Remaining 13 nos. are under various stages of preparation by Brahmaputra Board. The Board has also taken up execution of anti-erosion measures for avulsion of Brahmaputra ... more
Which is the longest river in India? If you said Ganga, you are right but not qualified to be a Shikshan Sevak in a government school.According to the answer key to the ... more
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The site selected for Assam Gas Cracker Project is at ... more
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BCPL : Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited is implementing the prestigious Assam Gas Cracker project, the first ever Petrochemical project in entire North East India. more
Brahmaputra Cracker and Polymer Limited is poised to emerge as dominant player in the field of Petrochemicals. Situated in Dibrugarh district, amidst lush tea gardens ... more


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on February 9, 2014 - 12:01 AM
Majestic Hollywood: The Greatest Films of 1939 by Mark A. Vieira; Running Press, 223 pages ($22.95 paper). Among the other cultural anniversaries that have been crowding us thick and furious for some years now, we are reminded by a few books that this is the 75th anniversary of what is often taken to be the annus mirabilis of American Film – 1939. To be published soon after this one is another 1939 anniversary paperback – "1939: The Making of Six Great Films from Hollywood's Greatest Year" by Charles F. Adams (Graven Street, 254 pages, $16.95)
This one, by a film historian, photographer and curator, is a lushly illustrated, luxurious paperback about what Mark Vieira calls a "watershed year" that yielded "cinematic masterpieces" like no other: "Gunga Din," "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," "Only Angels Have Wings," "Destry Rides Again," "Beau Geste," "Son of Frankenstein," "The Women," "Drums Along the Mohawk," "Union Pacific," "The Wizard of Oz," Stagecoach," "Ninotchka," "Of Mice and Men" and "Gone With the Wind."
He tells his story chronologically by date of release, from "Son of Frankenstein" in January to "Gone With the Wind" for Christmas. No less than "fifty classics" find their way into Vieira's celebratory text.
Time hasn't necessarily been as kind as it could be to the movies Vieira is so eager to celebrate. To 21st century eyes (and many of us back in the 20th too), "Gone With the Wind," for instance, was a beautifully filmed racist horror distinguished by Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, cinematographer Lee Garmes and apologies for a supposedly "genteel" South which strikes modern sensibilities as a good reason American film history almost DEMANDS a reparative Best Picture Oscar for "12 Years a Slave" in March.
This book, typically, contents itself with telling us, for instance, that among those of its contemporary "critics," syndicated milliner's model Hedda Hopper observed, "Leigh doesn't play Scarlett, she is Scarlett," the sort of encomium that is instantly meaningless and pointless to posterity. See the movie now and the movie looks every bit as much like Gable's movie in retrospect as Leigh's. Expect no fresh thinking here.
– Jeff Simon


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Lincoln, Broadgate c.1950
This is the 76th of 163 photos of Lincoln.
Memories of Lincoln
Born In Lincoln
I was born in Lincoln Army Barracks on 7th November 1951. I do not remember my days there apart from leaving in 1955 when we moved abroad. I did pay a visit back there in 1977 but the barracks were being taken down, I am unsure what is now in its place. My father was Maurice Mclean (Mac) and mother was called May.
Green Dragon Pub Lincoln
I worked on the Green Dragon pub as an apprentice electrician when it was refurbished by Lucas and sons in the late 60's early 70's .I also remember the copper bar and all the workmens names are written on an oak beam as you enter the pub. Happy days!!!
Fosters Field Finds
As a child in the late 50's I used live in Fairfield Street opposite the Monks Abbey. Every day after the school day was finished at Monks Road school, I used play around the Abbey ruins and Fosters field as well as the Arboretum. Fosters field was the area where I used to find in the ground old coins and broken old clay ...Read full memory
Wartime Lincoln
I was born in Gibbeson Terrace off the High street in early 1941. My first memory is hearing air raid sirens going off early in the morning, I think they were just practising. We were a poor family although my dad was doing special war work, so he was not conscripted. One morning after the air raid siren went off there was an ...Read full memory
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The Eden Prairie, Minn.-based third-party logistics provider has added Oceania as a new region to its Global Forwarding division, thanks to the company's acquisition of Melbourne-based APC Logistics.
The United States imported 2.99 million net tons of steel in August, an 8.5 percent month-over-month decline, driven down by lower volumes from Brazil and South Korea from a month prior.
Bernie Sanders, D-Vt., said he will fight the trade deal in the Senate, but Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., hinted the deal could fly in 2017 if controversial language giving corporations the right to challenge a nation's regulations is removed.
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The International Transport Workers' Federation criticized the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) saying it was told by CBP that it had concerns crew could try and jump ship due to the Hanjin situation.
The commission said it has "reasonable grounds" to suspect the carriers engaged in collusive practices to fix incremental cargo rates from Asia to South Africa.
The San Francisco-based freight forwarder, which has now raised a total of $94 million to fund global expansion, said it is constructing a new operating system for global trade that will unite the world in a seamless web of commerce.


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Best Restaurants
Out of all the restaurants in a city, 10Best narrows the options to those places with the most appeal and the best reputations. We offer carefully vetted selections to let you explore Pittsburgh dining on your own. If time is really tight, though, and you don't have the leisure to look through all our offerings, we present our Pittsburgh Best Restaurants list. Here, we distill the best businesses down to a special selection of ten. These places promise a stellar experience and a taste of the city that you just can't miss.
Le Mont
One of Pittsburgh's best restaurants, this elegant five-star restaurant boasts wall-to-wall windows that provide a majestic view of the city. Lovely Continental dishes like lamb osso buco – marinated with seasonal herbs and served with roasted vegetables on a bed of truffle risotto – highlight the menu, while steak Diane and chateaubriand (beef tenderloin with vegetables) served tableside make magnificent spreads. For dessert, try the soufflé du jour, or splurge for a splendid baked Alaska. (412-431-3100)
Grand Concourse
This historic landmark was once the P&LE Railroad Station, and now offers some of Pittsburgh's best dining with a view. The main room, with grand arched ceiling, is inspiring and usually reverberates with chit-chatty diners. There are also several smaller (and quieter) rooms available. One is able to sit riverside with a good view of Downtown and Point Park. The menu is centered on seafood, as well as steaks and homemade pastas. Piano music is offered nightly and at brunch. Brunch $24. A must while in Pittsburgh! (412-261-1717)
The Carlton
It's been described as a masculine affair with an interior rich with dark woods, but The Carlton is especially noted for its extensive wine selection, which has earned it the Wine Spectator Award of Excellence. The establishment presents a changing menu of American fare, including a much-favored prime rib. The Carlton is also great for a pre-theater meal since it provides complimentary limo service to Downtown theaters. (412-391-4152)
Hyeholde Restaurant
Painting white towers adorn this striking European-style manor, where guests dine like kings and queens. Decorated with antique furniture and fabrics, the interior features an authentic great hall. Magnificent fare, from sherry bisque to wild boar ribs to rack of lamb, graces the menu, and it's worth saving room for the final course. Dig into the sinfully rich chocolate mousse cake or opt for the dainty butter-almond financier topped with fresh white strawberries, buttermilk mousseline and strawberry sauce. Afternoon tea served Monday-Friday; reservations required. (412-264-3116)
Nine on Nine
Modernized bistro chairs, white linen topped and a coordinating minimalist-style, bar counter occupy this dining room, lined with soft gray walls and gleaming hardwood floors. Behind a glass wall, the talented kitchen staff crafts exquisite pieces such as skate wing with white asparagus, peas, wild mushrooms and grilled ramps with champagne Caviar sauce. Other interesting courses include deconstructed chowder (smoked salmon, corn and potato hash) and venison chop with roasted corn polenta. (412-338-6463)
Diners nestle into semicircular booths in this restaurant's quirky dining room. A frequently changing menu draws on seasonal ingredients and features a raw bar. Intriguing mains might include seared tuna with bok choy, shiitake mushroom, shrimp dumplings and curry broth. More traditional offerings such as prime rib with fontina cheese bread pudding are prepared and served with a creative, modern flair. The tavern menu offers salads, sandwiches and other casual fare. (412-201-5656)
Monterey Bay Fish Grotto
The Monterey Bay Fish Grotto is more than a meal, it's an experience. You'll marvel as soon as you walk in thanks to the mesmerizing view of Pittsburgh offered here. It only gets better from there, as this Pittsburgh restaurant uses only the finest local ingredients. Start off with the Oysters Rockefeller or calamari. Next, sink your teeth into one of their fresh fish selections, such as halibut or sea bass. They also offer several different juicy steaks and tender chicken. End your night with a tempting dessert, such as the peanut butter cheesecake or vanilla bean crème brûlée. (412-481-4414)
Piccolo Forno
Small in seating but big in taste, this Lawrenceville gem is well known for their specialty wood-fired pizzas and home-made pastas. Everything on the menu is inexpensive - it's all under $16. With brick walls and cozy, yet close quarters, the ambience is relaxed and intimate. So come share a bottle or two, discuss the day's events and, of course, enjoy some great eats with friends and family. (412-622-0111)
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Top Definition
another word for holy shit, also used in place of the word damn.
your girlfriend misses her period? you respond OMPH!! then you find out you really are the father and you say OMPHHHHHH!!!!!
dodane przez The Pharaohs październik 28, 2009
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
To have a certain spark/spunk or a certain panache .
Our relationship , no longer has that special OMPH , as before .
dodane przez WinnieEnt kwiecień 16, 2012
"omph" is something when you say when you get rekt, or there is an awkward moment.
When you get absolutely synagoggued (rekt) you can just say, "omph"
When you get absolutely synagoggued (rekt) you can just say, "omph"
Someone says to you, "your so fucking ugly!" You say, "omph"
dodane przez downer jeffery październik 25, 2015
It's an abbreviation; "ouch, my pussy hurts." There's an intuit phrase that means essentially the same thing, forgive my spelling this phonetically: ishkaga ganish. "Ouch, my pussy hurts."
Jim: "how did you like my sexy picture?"
Jane: "I'm so horny... OMPH."
Jane: "I'm so horny... OMPH."
dodane przez BonTerra425 lipiec 29, 2016


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Rent Holocaust Representation 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Berel Lang. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Foothill QB Josh Riddell (6-1, 195) is one of those players and he's come up big for Owls since he stepped on campus.
"I had a pretty good year last year and I've started off pretty well this year," Riddell told JCFootball.com recently. "Over the summer I really wanted to work on my accuracy because it wasn't as good as I wanted it to be last year, so that's what I worked on. My mechanics needed work and I've got that down and I think it's really improved so far this year."
Riddell completed 57% of his passes last year and had 1,973 yards with 18 touchdowns and nine interceptions. So far this year he's been even better.
"He's playing on another level right now," Foothill assistant coach Aaron Ingram said. "He had an incredible game last week (against Cabrillo). He was 20 for 26 – including four drops – for 334 yards with 3 passing touchdowns and one rushing touchdown."
But it wasn't always an obstacle-free path for Riddell.
He prepped at McKay High School in Salem, Oregon where he played for his father. Even though he was a full-qualifier he didn't receive a lot of interest from colleges.
"I didn't play quarterback until my senior year," Riddell said. "I played wide receiver and defensive back, so I really didn't get a lot of interest."
Following graduation, Riddell headed to Santa Rosa Junior College and greyshirted the one year he was there.
"I just didn't feel comfortable there and the system didn't really fit me at all so I started looking around," Riddell recalled. "I talked to coach (Marshall) Sperbeck and really liked the system they run here so I transferred and I'm really glad I did because I'm having a lot of fun and we're playing really well."
Foothill's system is a basic west coast offense and Riddell relishes the chance to have the entire offense and their production on his shoulders.
"The offense is really geared to letting quarterbacks control the game," Riddell said. "We have a good running game and great receivers so that helps me a lot too. We're just a really sound team right now and we're just working hard to make it through undefeated.
"It's going to be tough though because we have some tough games ahead."
Riddell isn't known as a scrambler, but he isn't a statue either (he runs a 4.7 forty). He's also got some room to fill-out at the next level.
As far as recruiting is concerned, Riddell said things will take care of themselves when his season is over.
"I've received a lot of letters and stuff, but I really don't even think about it that much," Riddell said. "I don't even talk to my coaches about who is asking for film or anything like that. We're 5-0 and I want this to be the best season it can be. Recruiting will take care of itself when it needs to happen. I'm not worried about it."
Wherever Riddell ends up, he'll have three years to play two and he'll finish up his degree in December so he should be able to attend spring practices as well.
This week Foothill plays at College of San Mateo in a battle of undefeated teams.