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Your guests will be dying to eat the candy bars under these wrappers!
Our Dying to Party Mini Candy Bar Wrappers has a super cool spiral design and your own wording. Wrap your favorite mini candy bars with Dying to Party Mini Candy Bar Wrappers and scatter them across your party tables.
Mini Candy Bar Wrapper features:
Note: Mini Candy Bars are not included.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (firstname.lastname@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).


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Step 1: Stare at the above image and focus on the four dots in the center.
Step 2: Continue to stare for 45 seconds.
Step 3: Slowly find a wall in the room and look close up at it. You should see something on the wall. Try blinking a few times.
Do you see something on the wall? If this doesn't work for you at first keep trying.
I'm not completely new to the online gaming experience but I'm relatively new to online gaming with voice. With voice programs for pc gaming you are able to chat with your team and work together and we have fun...we know each other. Now I've had the opportunity to add to my ever increasing list of pet peeves thanks to my xbox live headset. With xbox live I have the opportunity to meet all kinds of strangers that spark my peeves. The most recent pet peeve: ELMOS. What is an ELMO? Well it is a CHILD who has not hit puberty yet or is currently starting puberty and owns an xbox live headset. They are the ones who deem necessary to wail high pitched screams into their mic and put it on team chat so we ALL can hear them. They are the ones who talk to their fellow ELMOS online during a match about Pokemon Cards so we ALL can enjoy and they do not bother to inform the Team what is going on in the match. They are the ones who use "big boy" words the most and talk back to mommy when it's time for bed. And lastly, they are the ones who cannot legally drive, smoke, drink, watch certain movies, but mommy and daddy buy them games like Halo 2 (M-17) so that we can babysit them online and put up with all the annoyances they bring. No, I do not mean to put ALL of the children that play online in this category but the majority of the children have fallen into this dreaded ELMO range.
No ELMO I will not tickle you!

subset: commoncrawl


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The Baltimore Orioles (32-31) have been lingering around the .500-mark recently and have been receiving polarizing results from their personnel, such as recently-called-up-prospect Kevin Gausman's gem of a start on Saturday and Ubaldo Jimenez's catastrophic start on Sunday.
With the struggles of front-of-the-rotation starters Chris Tillman and Jimenez, the Orioles may dip down into its farm system for some help in order to solidify the rotation or possibly to transition the unit into a six-man staff.
With that being said, here is a stock report regarding the performances of the Orioles' top-10 prospects over the past week and whether those performances have helped, hindered or had no effect on their respective personal stock.
Prospect rankings courtesy of Baseball America. Stats courtesy of BaseballReference.com.


text: SAMSUNG 840 Series MZ-7TD250KW 2.5" 250GB SATA III Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) Your Price: $174.99 With Promo Code EMCXNXM25 Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal salvos Feb 11, 2013 Promo code has expired. Reply LoveSweet Feb 09, 2013 Great price, much faster than my mechanical drives Reply deal Feb 09, 2013 Finally! So glad to see that 250GB SSD are finally going for $150. That is great news. Can't wait till this is back in stock to pick it up. :) Reply rd995 Feb 09, 2013 seems like samsung is one of the most reliable when it comes to ssd acording to reviews. 149 seems like a decent discount for 250 gb Reply Load More Comments


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Unemployment rate up in November
December 09, 2002
The unemployment rate rose to 6.0 percent in November, a level most recently reached in April. From May through October, the jobless rate remained within a range of 5.6 to 5.9 percent.
In November, the unemployment rate for adult men rose by half a percentage point to 5.7 percent; rates for blacks (11.0 percent) and teenagers (16.8 percent) also were up over the month. The jobless rates for adult women (5.0 percent), whites (5.2 percent), and Hispanics (7.8 percent) showed little or no change.
The data in this report are from the Current Population Survey. Data in this article are seasonally adjusted. For more information, see The Employment Situation: November 2002 (PDF) (TXT), news release USDL 02-680.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Unemployment rate up in November on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2002/dec/wk2/art01.htm (visited October 01, 2016).
Recent editions of Spotlight on Statistics
A look at healthcare spending, employment, pay, benefits, and prices
As one of the largest U.S. industries, healthcare is steadily growing to meet the needs of an increasing population with an increasing life expectancy. This Spotlight looks at how much people spend on healthcare, current and projected employment in the industry, employer-provided healthcare benefits, healthcare prices, and pay for workers in healthcare occupations.
Employment and Wages in Healthcare Occupations
Healthcare occupations are a significant percentage of U.S. employment. Some of the largest and highest paying occupations are in healthcare. This Spotlight examines employment and wages for healthcare occupations.
Fifty years of looking at changes in peoples lives
Longitudinal surveys help us understand long-term changes, such as how events that happened when a person was in high school affect labor market success as an adult.


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Rent Rocky Mountain Mining Camps 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Duane A. Smith. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by University of Nebraska Press.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our tutors now.


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Spearhead Cover Songs
Songs covered by Spearhead
The Steve Miller Band song "The Joker" was covered by Spearhead on the album " Hempilation 2"
Spearhead songs that have been covered
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32 years of experience
Accepting new patients
32 years of experience
Accepting new patients
806 Spring St
Waynesboro, MS 39367 Phone number & directions
Waynesboro, MS 39367 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Edwin Strickland:
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The overall average patient rating of Dr. Edwin Strickland is Excellent.
Education & Awards
Dr. Strickland graduated from Emory University , Atlanta.
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Edwin Winston Strickland DDS is a male dentist, has 32 years of experience and practices in Family Dentistry.
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Dr. Edwin Strickland practices Family Dentistry near Waynesboro, MS.
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New analysis by USA Today shows the federal deficit is much higher than reported.
The popular paper discovered Congress doesn't include the cost of retirement programs as part of its overall accounting. State and local governments, along with businesses, are required to include these factors.
If the federal government figured its spending the way everyone else does, last year's federal deficit would have been $5 trillion, much more than the official figure of $1.3 trillion that was released.
The government also said it ran up deficits over $5.5 trillion from 2004 to 2011. Yet, USA Today found the real deficits over that time period to be more than $30 trillion.
Researchers also said the typical American household would have paid nearly all of its income in taxes last year to balance the budget if the government used standard accounting rules to compute the deficit.
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Are you seeking answers in life? Are you hurting? Are you facing a difficult situation?
Find peace with God, discover more about God or send us your prayer request.
Call The 700 Club Prayer Center at 1 (800) 823-6053, 24 hours a day.
A caring friend will be there to pray with you in your time of need.
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The "Trump train" was derailed in Wisconsin as voters in the Badger State gave Ted Cruz a major victory over "The Donald." The big question now is – are the Republicans headed for a contested convention this summer?


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Walnuts are the oldest tree food known to man, dating back to 7000 B.C. The Romans called walnuts Juglans regia, "Jupiter's royal acorn." Early history indicates that English walnuts came from ancient Persia (called "Persian Walnuts"), where they were reserved for royalty. As English merchant marines transported the product for trade to ports around the world, they became known as "English Walnuts."
The walnut was first cultivated in California by the Franciscan Fathers in the late 1700s. Unlike today's walnuts, these first entries were small with hard shells. The first commercial plantings began in 1867 when Joseph Sexton, an orchardist and nurseryman in Santa Barbara County, planted English walnuts. Seventy years later, the center of walnut production moved northward to the Central Valley due to better growing areas and irrigation, resulting in increasingly larger crops of the self-pollinating nut.
Today, the Central Valley of California is the prime walnut growing region. California walnuts account for 99 percent of the commercial U.S. supply and three-quarters of world trade. Walnuts are sold as inshell and shelled forms and are conveniently used in any meal or snack. The industry is represented by the California Walnut Board and California Walnut Commission.
For more information about walnuts, visit www.walnuts.org.
Before spring fruit arrives in the market we rely on apples and pears for great fresh flavor. The honey and vanilla combines with the lemon juice to create a delicious sauce. Use all apples or all pears if necessary… it's more important to choose ripe fruit and cook until tender rather than relying on cooking time alone.» View Recipe


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 14, 1997
|Filing date
|Mar 28, 1996
|Priority date
|Jun 29, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel F. Graves, William L. Hergenrother
|Original Assignee
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (15), Classifications (64), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/358,740, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,170 filed on Dec. 19, 1994, of Daniel F. Graves et al., for RUBBER CURING BLADDERS HAVING SELF RELEASE OR LOW ADHESION TO CURING OR CURED HYDROCARBON RUBBERS, which in turn is a division of Ser. No. 08/222,154, filed on Apr. 4, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,459, which in turn is a CIP of 07/906,095, filed on Jun. 29, 1992, now abandoned.
Polymers useful in making curing bladders or sleeves (used primarily to manufacture (more specifically cure or vulcanize) pneumatic tires) are described. These polymers must have good heat stability and physical properties such that they can be inflated during use and not rupture. The polymers described are butadiene acrylonitrile copolymers, epichlorohydrin polymers and copolymers, and graft copolymers. The graft copolymers have backbones of brominated p-methylstyrene-isobutylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene terpolymer, substantially hydrogenated polybutadiene, and/or substantially hydrogenated styrene-butadiene rubber. The grafts are various polyethers, polyesters from cyclic lactones, and polycarbonates made from phosgene and glycols. These polymers when used in a curing bladder formulation reduce or eliminate the need for a release agent to prevent adherence of the bladder to the cured tire.
Inflatable rubber bladders are used in machines for assembling, forming and curing pneumatic tires. These bladders are typically made from isobutylene rubbers especially when used at higher temperatures such as from 100� to 150� C. Isobutylene polymers are preferred over diene based polymers because they are inherently more resistant to oxidation at the above-recited cure temperatures typically used and often required for forming tires. This is because of the relatively low levels of residual unsaturation available for crosslinking in isobutylene polymers (butyl rubber) compared to diene-based polymers. Adhesion of the cured tires to the rubber bladders is generally avoided by applying a liquid silicone-based lubricant either to the bladder or the tire components that are to be in contact with the bladder.
The need to apply a lubricant (also called dope) to the bladder tire interface slows the tire manufacturing process. Lubricants as used herein define liquids that do not crosslink under the conditions used to cure tires (i.e., 100�-180� C.). Excessive lubricant or the transfer of lubricant can discolor the tires or contaminate other surfaces where bonding is desired. Insufficient lubricant results in bonding of the bladder to the tire at the tire-bladder interface. When this interface bond is broken or torn when removing the cured tire, this can cause defects in the tire, roughens the bladder surface, or can promote bladder failure.
Bladders are used in curing presses to press the tread and sidewall regions of the tire outwardly against the mold surface during tire manufacturing. These bladders are filled with a heated fluid (preferably steam) to help speed the curing process of the tire. The high potential elongation of the bladder or sleeve (i.e. greater than 300 percent) allows the bladder to stretch and conform during tire curing and allows the bladder to stretch while tearing away from the molded tire.
Other inflatable bladders and sleeves have found uses in other rubber forming and curing processes. These similarly suffer from the necessity of supplying a lubricant at the interface between the bladder and the hydrocarbon component to be cured.
Polymers and molded polymer compositions are described having reduced natural adhesion (non-stick characteristics) to tire compounds, butyl rubber inner-liners, and other hydrocarbon polymer compositions. Inflatable monolayer membrane curing bladders made from these polymers require less interface lubricant or can be used without interface lubricant when used in molding and curing (e.g., vulcanization) of hydrocarbon polymer compositions such as pneumatic tires. These polymers disclosed herein have good release properties from curing rubber compositions (e.g. isobutylene polymer based tire innerliners) and thus can be monolayer membranes rather than laminates as sometimes taught in the prior art. The polymers used to make the bladders have polar components in the backbone or have polar grafts that contribute to this tendency to not adhere to the hydrocarbon polymers.
Several polymers and graft copolymers have been developed that have the physical properties required of an inflatable bladder or sleeve for use in curing rubber (e.g., tires) and show the unique property of little or no adhesion to a typical cured hydrocarbon based polymer when said hydrocarbon-based polymer is cured in contact with the bladder or sleeve material. The polymers have polar type monomers in the backbone or grafted to the backbone which impart to the rubber compound a tendency not to adhere to hydrocarbon polymers.
The bladders or sleeves of this invention are desirably monolayer membranes (i.e. the exterior surfaces and the bulk of the bladder are essentially the same composition). As is common to the curing bladder art, one can apply nonbonding liquid lubricants to the surfaces of the bladder, but these are not required for the effective release of the bladder or sleeve surface from the cured hydrocarbon rubber composition. Thus, desirably, the bladder or sleeves of this invention do not have crosslinked surfaces of polysiloxanes or polyurethanes, or the like. Crosslinked is used to define polymers which are chemically bonded together with similar molecules or with the bladder or sleeve substrate composition such that chemical bonds need to be broken to remove the composition from the surface of the bladder or sleeve.
Graft copolymers whose backbone is isobutylene copolymers with at least para-methylstyrene are advantageously used for this application. Desirably, these copolymers are made without using optional diene monomers of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. These polymers are desirably high average molecular weight such as from about 75,000 and up, desirably from about 75,000 to about 2,000,000, and preferably from about 100,000 to about 500,000. These copolymers can be brominated by free radical bromination reactions which results in the selective replacement of the hydrogens on the para-methyl group of para-methyl-styrene by a bromine atom. During the bromination reaction, the weight percent bromine developed in the polymer for this application is from about 0.1 to about 17, desirably from about 0.2 to about 8.0 and preferably about 0.5 to about 2.5 percent.
The weight percent of para-methylstyrene in the backbone for this application is about 0.1 percent by weight to about 30 percent by weight, desirably from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent, and preferably about 2 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of the copolymer of isobutylene and p-methylstyrene. Increasing amounts of para-methylstyrene in the copolymer increases its modulus and Tg. The bromination of the para-methyl group creates a grafting site on the backbone and also serves as a crosslinking site. The amount of p-methylstyrene can be varied independently from the amount of bromination of said methyl group as long as the total replaceable bromine atoms on the backbone are sufficient for grafting and crosslinking. These polymers are commercially available from Exxon as XP-50 in their brominated form.
Said copolymers of isobutylene and p-methyl-styrene are cationically polymerized by Exxon. The r1 value for isobutylene is reported as 1, while the r2 value for p-methylstyrene is reported as approximately 1.4. Thus, procedures for isobutylene polymerizations can be easily modified to produce copolymers. Slurry copolymerizations are also reported for this copolymer system. Radical bromination creates the brominated form of the isobutylene-p-methylstyrene copolymer. The bromination is reported to occur in solid phase, slurries, or solutions.
The polar polymers reacted with and desirably grafted onto the brominated para-methylstyrene isobutylene copolymer or later specified maleic anhydride modified polymers can be any alkylene-oxide polymer (polyethers) or polyether copolymers having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms per repeat unit; or polycarbonates made from phosgene and glycols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms per glycol; or polyesters from ring opening polymerizations of cyclic lactones having from 4 to 5 carbon atoms per repeat unit. The average molecular weight of said polar polymers before grafting can be from about 100 to about 20,000, desirably about 200 to about 15,000, and preferably from 400-5,000. Polyether polymers and copolymers can be made from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, etc. The polar polymers used for grafts can be branched or linear, but linear polymers are preferred. The polar polymers can be blended by type or by molecular weight. The alkylene-oxide polymers can be of one molecular weight or blends of different alkylene oxides or of different molecular weights or both. The polymers can have multiple chain ends reactive with the brominated para-methyl-styrene but polymers with a single chain end capable of grafting to the backbone polymer are preferred. The chain ends reactive with the para-methylstyrene are desirably hydroxyl groups.
The reaction and grafting of the brominated-para-methylstyrene-isobutylene with the polar polymers can be accomplished by melt blending the two polymers in the presence of acid scavengers such as oxides, carbonates, and hydroxides of Mg, Zn, Ca, and Ba. The reaction and grafting of said polar polymers through nucleophilic substitution of the polar polymer chain end for the bromo group of the methylstyrene can desirably be conducted in a Banbury or other mixer at temperatures from about 50� C. to about 180� C., and preferably from about 100� C. to about 150� C. The other compounding ingredients for a rubber compound can be added simultaneously with grafting of polar polymers or as a separate step.
The amount of polar polymers reacted and potentially grafted is from about 2 to about 50 or 100, desirably from about 5 to about 30, and preferably from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the brominated p-methylstyrene-isobutylene copolymer and the polar polymers. The rubbers compounded into a molded article can be a blend of said reaction product of the brominated p-methylstyrene-isobutylene copolymer and polar polymers (grafted copolymer) and regular brominated p-methylstyrene-isobutylene copolymer, EPDM, and other polymers such that from about 5 to about 100 weight percent of this rubber is graft copolymer, and desirably about 5 to about 35 percent of the rubber is graft copolymer. The brominated p-methylstyrene-isobutylene copolymer, EPDM, hydrogenated polybutadiene, or hydrogenated SBR polymers can be used from 0 to about 95 weight percent, and desirably from about 65 to about 95 weight percent of the rubbers used to make molded articles. Thus, the molded article can be from 2 to about 40, desirably from about 5 to about 30 weight percent, and preferably about 10 to about 20 weight percent of said polar polymers based on all the rubbers used in the composition.
Another suitable polymer backbone for this invention is ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers (EPDM) (also known as ethylene-propylene terpolymer). These are well known to the art and are from about 30 to about 80, and desirably from about 50 to about 75 weight percent ethylene. The second monomer can be any alpha unsaturated monoolefin of 3 to 12 carbon atoms with propylene being the preferred monomer. The weight percent of said alpha unsaturated monoolefin in the copolymer is from about 20 to about 70 and desirably about 25 to about 50. The diene is a nonconjugated diene having from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms. Examples of dienes are dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, and ethylidene norbornene.
The weight percent unsaturation from diene in said EPDM is about 0.1 to about 10, desirably about 0.2 to about 5.0, and preferably about 0.4 to about 2.5. The molecular weight of the EPDM is from about 75,000 to about 500,000 and desirably from about 150,000 to about 400,000. Alternatively, a blend of EPDM polymers of different molecular weights can be used.
Another suitable polymer backbone for this invention is polybutadiene (PBD) or poly (styrene-butadiene) copolymer (SBR) that have been hydrogenated to remove from about 90 to about 99.5 percent and desirably 95-99.5 percent of the backbone unsaturation. The average molecular weight of these polymers is from about 75,000 to about 500,000, and desirably from about 150,000 to about 400,000. The mole ratio of styrene to butadiene in the SBR can vary from about 1:50 to about 1:1. These polymers may contain minor amounts (less than 10, 20, or 30 mole %) of other unsaturated copolymerizable comonomers having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and heteroatoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. The words hydrogenated SBR or hydrogenated polybutadiene will be used to represent these substantially (e.g. greater than 70, 80, 90 and 95 percent) hydrogenated polymers in this specification.
The EPDM, hydrogenated polybutadiene and hydrogenated SBR backbones for this invention are modified by reacting maleic anhydride with the unsaturation in the polymers. This reaction of maleic anhydride with a monomeric olefin is well known to organic chemistry as the "Ene" synthesis or reaction. Further information on this reaction is in standard textbooks such as J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed, John Wiley & Sons: New York, p. 711. This reaction creates succinic anhydride pendant groups on the polymer backbone. The amount of maleic anhydride reacted with the various polymer backbones can be from about 1 to 50, desirably from about 1 to about 20, and preferably from about 2 to about 10 parts by weight per one hundred parts of backbone rubber.
Similar functionalized polymers to the polymers modified with maleic anhydride through the "Ene" reaction are hydrogenated polymers of polybutadiene, said EPDM or said hydrogenated poly (styrene-butadiene) (SBR) modified with maleic anhydride in the presence of free radical sources. These reactions are conventionally done in hydrocarbon solvents at 50�-180� C. for 0.1 to 24 hours using from about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight free radical initiators per 100 parts rubber. The amount of maleic anhydride can be from about 1 to about 100, desirably from about 1 to about 20, and preferably from about 2 to about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight rubber. The free radical sources are the free radical initiators of peroxides, azo initiators, persulfates, and the like.
These polymers modified using free radical initiators with maleic anhydride can be used interchangeably for the products of the "Ene" reaction mentioned above to serve as a backbone for grafting reactions with the polar polymers already described. The reaction with maleic anhydride creates grafts of pendant anhydrides from the polymer backbone that can serve as the grafting site for the esterification with the polar polymer end groups. One such material made is from an EPDM backbone is available commercially from Uniroyal as Royaltuf™ 465.
The polar polymers previously described as material to be grafted to the brominated-para-methyl-styrene-isobutylene backbone can be used with the above products of the "Ene" reaction or maleic anhydride modified polymers of hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated SBR, or EPDM. The grafting of the polar polymers to the backbone polymers are conducted by melt blending the backbone polymers with the polar polymers at 90� to 220� C., desirably from about 110� to about 180� C. and preferably from about 120� to about 160� C. for times from 1 minutes and longer, preferably from about 2 minutes to about 10 minutes. In this process, the anhydride groups created by the grafting of maleic anhydride onto the polymer backbone reacts with the hydroxyl group of the polar polymers forming an ester linkage. The composition of the grafted copolymers from EPDM, hydrogenated polybutadiene, or hydrogenated SBR by the "Ene" process or free radical source plus maleic anhydride process are from about 2 to about 50, desirably about 5 to about 30, and preferably about 10 to about 20 weight percent polar polymers which are grafted onto the rubbery backbone.
The rubbers compounded into stocks for making molded rubber articles need not be 100 percent of said polymers grafted with polar polymers. The grafted copolymer can be from about 2 percent to about 100 percent, desirably about 5 to about 25 weight percent of the rubber in the stock. EPDM or hydrogenated polybutadiene or hydrogenated SBR can be up to 98 weight percent and desirably from about 75 to about 95 weight percent of the rubber in a molded article. The molded article can be from about 2 to about 40, and desirably from about 5 to about 30 weight percent and preferably about 10 to about 20 weight percent of said polar polymers based on all the rubbers used in the composition.
Another group of suitable polymers useful in this invention are the various epichlorohydrin elastomers. Such materials can desirably be a homopolymer of epichlorohydrin or a copolymer with ethylene oxide, allyl glycidyl ether or both. The amount of ethylene oxide in these copolymers can desirably vary from about 1 to about 35 weight percent and desirably from about 3 to about 30 weight percent. The amount of allyl glycidyl ether can be from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of the copolymer. The amount of epichlorohydrin can vary from about 63 to about 99 weight percent of the copolymer. These polymers are made from by cationic, coordination polymerization mechanisms and commercially available from Hercules, Inc.; Osaka Sada Co., Ltd.; and Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. The average molecular weights useful for this application are from about 50,000 to about 500,000, desirably about 80,000 to about 250,000. These polymers have reduced adhesion to hydrocarbon rubber compositions.
Another group of suitable polymers useful for this invention is butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers. These copolymers can be made by a variety of polymerization methods, but free radical emulsion polymerized polymers are preferred. The weight percent acrylonitrile in these copolymers is from about 18 to about 55, desirably about 25 to about 45, and preferably about 30 to about 40, with the residual being butadiene or blends of butadiene and optional monomers. Optional monomers are desirably present at less than 2, 10, 20 or 30 mole percent of all the monomers present. The optional monomers have at least one unsaturated carbon to carbon bond from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and optionally contain a second double bond or an aromatic ring. Butadiene-acrylonitrile heat stability is improved with a special antioxidant heat stabilizers such as the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (Zetax) to keep the polymer from degrading at the use temperature. Such compounds are used at the concentration of 0.25 to about 2 parts per 100 parts by weight hydrocarbon rubber. The average molecular weight of the polymer for this invention is from about 50,000 to about 500,000, and desirably is from about 80,000 to about 250,000.
To be useful as curing bladders, all the above referenced polymers and graft copolymers must be formulated into rubber compounds with good elasticity, high strength, and good property retention after aging or use at high temperatures such as 100� C. to about 150� C. Thus the physical properties as recited below desirably are retained for at least 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, or one month at temperatures of 100�, 120�, 135�, or 150� C. Typical formulations for these compounds are well known to the art. High structure reinforcing carbon blacks are used in this invention to give higher modulus and better abrasion resistance. These carbon blacks are desirably high structure blacks having calculated ultimate particle sizes from about 20 to about 40 nanometer diameter and Iodine Numbers by ASTM methods of about 60 to about 160 mg/g. Oils are used to extend the polymers. These oils can be paraffinic, naphthenic, or aromatic. Antioxidants are used to prevent oxidative crosslinking or chain degradation of the polymers. The antioxidants effective in these compositions include paraphenylenediamines, hindered phenols, and polymerized quinolines. Commercial EPDM, hydrogenated SBR, brominated p-methylstyrene-isobutylene, SAN/EPDM blends or grafts, and hydrogenated PBD polymers can be blended with the polymers and copolymers of this invention. EPDM and the hydrogenated rubbers generally gives a composition higher resistance to oxidation in that these polymers have low residual unsaturation in the polymer backbone. Accelerators and curatives will be discussed individually for each of the graft copolymers or polymers.
The compounds are formulated to give an ultimate tensile strength of 1500 psi or more, a 300 percent modulus value of 500 to 1000 psi, a Shore A hardness of about 55 to about 70, and desirably of about 60 to about 65. These physical properties are required of the bladder or sleeve when installed in a curing press, and they are desirably retained during the useful life of the bladder or sleeve. Thus, when the bladder or sleeve degrades so these properties are not met, the bladder or sleeve is replaced. Depending on the size and shape of the bladder or sleeve, these tests may be performed on specimens cut from the bladder or sleeve, or when that is not possible, one would cure the same formulation used to make the bladder or sleeve under identical conditions as a flat sheet and test the flat sheet. It is also desirable that the tear strength at 170� C. be in excess of 100 psi and more desirably in excess of 200 psi.
The brominated para methylstyrene isobutylene copolymers reacted and grafted with polar polymers are cured with phenolic resins, sulfur, sulfur donor compounds, ZnO, and other resins reacting through the brominated methyl group on the methylstyrene. Sulfur donors are compounds like di-morpholino disulfide or dipentamethylenethiuram hexasulfide which can donate sulfur atoms. Magnesium oxide and to some extent the zinc oxide serve as acid scavengers picking up HBr generated from the reaction of the bromine coming off the methylstyrene groups. Additional alkylene oxide can be present in the formulation beyond the amount grafted to the backbone of the polymer. Liquid EPDM polymers are added to improve the tear strength of the composition. The oil used is typically a paraffinic or naphthenic oil as these are common to isobutylene based bladder formulation.
The polymers of modified EPDM, hydrogenated SBR modified with maleic anhydride and hydrogenated polybutadiene similarly modified with maleic anhydride subsequently reacted and grafted with polar polymers can be formulated with regular EPDM, hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated PBD, and liquid EPDM into molded articles. Regular EPDM, hydrogenated SBR, or hydrogenated polybutadiene are from about 0 to about 98 and desirably about 50 to about 95 weight percent of the total rubbers used in the molded rubber articles. The modified polymers from EPDM, hydrogenated PBD or hydrogenated SBR grafted with the polar polymers are used in amounts from about 2 to about 100, desirably about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the total rubbery polymers used in molded articles. Stearic acid and zinc oxide act as internal lubricants for the formulation. This is a sulfur cured composition as there are unsaturation points in or pendant to the polymer chain. The preferred curing compounds are sulfur, sulfur donor compounds, peroxides, and sulfur cure accelerators. The sulfur donor compounds can be di-morpholino disulfide or dipentamethylene thiuram hexasulfide or the like. The combined amounts of these curatives per 100 parts by weight of rubbers is from about 0.2 to about 8, desirably from about 0.3 to about 6, and preferably about 0.4 to about 5 parts by weight.
The grafting of the polar polymers to the modified EPDM, modified hydrogenated SBR, or modified hydrogenated polybutadiene can be done separately from compounding the curable compound or can be accomplished simultaneously with the mixing of the carbon black, silica, oil, antioxidants, zinc oxide and stearic acid, etc.
The grafting is simply the reaction of the pendant anhydride groups with the hydroxyl group of the polar polymer to form an ester linkage. Subsequent to the grafting and homogenizing of the compound, the curative components can be added to the compound in the mixer or on a two roll mill.
The epichlorohydrin rubbers can be compounded into curable compounds with curatives of the ethylenethiourea, mercaptothio-diazole, trithiocyanuric acid type and the like. One preferred curative is trimercaptotriazine. The amount of curative is from about 0.2 to about 5, and desirably from about 0.5 to about 2 parts by weight per one hundred parts by weight epichlorohydrin of rubber. The epichlorohydrin rubber can also compounded with barium carbonate, magnesium oxide, silicone oil, additional unreacted polar polymers such as polyethers, plasticizers, coumarone-indene resins and cure accelerators. The epichlorohydrin polymers are from about 20 to about 100 weight percent, desirably about 50 to about 100 weight percent, and preferably from about 75 to about 100 weight percent of the rubber used in a molded article.
The butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber can be compounded with typical compounding ingredients. A specific example is given in Table III. The butadiene-acrylonitrile is from about 20 to about 100 weight percent, desirably about 50 to about 100 weight percent, and preferably about 75 to about 100 weight percent of the rubber used in a molded article. The residual weight percentages may be the optional polymers in this specification or the rubbers of the recipe.
The above-referenced compounded rubbery polymers (either with polar components in the polymer backbone or with polar polymer grafts on hydrocarbon polymer backbones) can be formed into monomembrane curing bladders in a transfer mold. The typical procedure for molding is that the compound is extruded as a slug, bar, etc. The extrudate is mechanically spliced forming a ring. The ring of extrudate is put into the transfer mold where the compound is formed into a barrel shape of a curing bladder and crosslinked. Transfer molding temperatures are 340�-390� F. for 20-25 minutes with pressures of 1500 to 2000 psi.
As explained previously the rubber polymers are mixed in a Banbury or other internal mixers, or two roll mill with the fillers, plasticizers, oils, antioxidants, acid scavengers, and polar polymers until homogeneous. If a grafting reaction between a hydrocarbon backbone and the polar polymers is desired, it can be accomplished during this mixing step or prior to this step in a separate reaction.
After the initial blend is homogenous, then the curing agents are added. This is a standard compounding technique found in any basic rubber compounding book. The mixing temperatures subsequent to adding the curing agents are controlled to prevent premature crosslinking during the mixing stage. The compounded rubber stock is characterized regarding cure times by running a disc type curemeter plot at the desired curing temperature. Additional additives such as scorch inhibitors or cure accelerators can be added depending on the particular molding equipment used. The physical properties reported herein are from crosslinked molded articles for ASTM D-412 or molded sheets prepared for the peel force test.
The peel force test was designed to measure the adherence of a typical sulfur cured butyl rubber tubeless tire innerliner stock cured in physical contact under pressure to a rubber curing bladder monomembrane candidate. Two sheets, one of the experimental cured bladder candidate, the second of uncured conventional butyl rubber (polyisobutylene) tubeless tire innerliner compound, are molded for 20 minutes at 340� F. under 1000 psi pressure as a laminate. A small piece of Mylar� is used along one edge of the laminate between the two compounds so as to form a lip of non-adhered compounds to serve as clamping points for the peel test. After curing, the sample is removed from the press and the force to peel the two materials from each other, bladder candidate from innerliner compound, is measured by 180� peel test while the samples are still hot. Typical butyl rubber curing bladder materials have peel forces of in excess of 100 pounds per inch (ppi) and the peel surface is characterized by cohesive failure rather than interfacial failure. Cohesive failure means the two materials are well bonded such that the failure occurs in one of the compounds (internal tearing of the compound) rather than at the interface between the two compounds. This is why a lubricant or dope is required for conventional butyl rubber curing bladders.
When curing bladders are made from monolayer membranes of the polar polymers or polymers with polar grafts disclosed in this specification, they have low adhesion or no adhesion to the innerliner compound when tested accordingly to the peel test. The peel force is less than 20 lbs./in., desirably less than about 3 lbs./in. and preferably less than 1 lbs./in. A low peel force for the purpose of this application is less than 3 lbs./in. It is suggested that the more polar surface of the disclosed curing bladder compounds are less compatible with the innerliner compound than traditional butyl rubber (isobutylene polymers) bladder and this causes less adhesion of the compounds after curing of the innerliner compound.
The optional interface lubricants that may be used with this invention only temporarily modify the surface of the bladder in that the interface lubricants are liquids and not crosslinked to themselves or to the bladder or sleeves. These lubricants include polymeric silicones, polyols, clays, cellulose ethers, etc. which do not crosslink or chemically bind to the surface of the bladder or sleeve nor to other such polymers under the use and storage conditions of the bladder or sleeve.
The following examples serve to illustrate how the above listed polymers can be compounded into useful materials having low adhesion to curing or cured hydrocarbon formulations.
TABLE I______________________________________EXAMPLE OF BROMINATED COPOLYMERp-METHYLSTYRENE-ISOBUTYLENE REACTEDWITH POLY(ETHYLENEGLYCOL)Sample A B C D______________________________________PEG-400 20 15 15 15XP-50BR 100 85 80 60EPDM Rubber -- -- -- 30Liquid EPDM -- 15 20 10Carbon Black (HAF) 60 60 60 60Antioxidant 1 1 1 1Oil 10 -- -- 15MgO 5 5 5 5Stearic Acid 2 2 2 2Eurecamide 2 2 2 2CurativesZnO 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75Sulfur Donor 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Physical PropertiesML/4 @ 100� C. 62 77 71 58Release Yes Yes Yes YesPeel Force (lbs/in) 0 0 0 3Shore A Hardness23� C. 63 66 66 63Percent Compression Set22 hrs 158� F. 20.7 28.7 36.7 37.5Ring Stress Strain 25� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 219 244 250 211300% Modulus (psi) 1075 1026 1005 624Tensile (psi) 1709 1620 1417 1241% Elongation 481 496 461 617Energy to break (psi) 1629 1697 1395 1795Ring Stress-Strain 100� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 148 139 134 122300% Modulus (psi) 672 580 554 366Tensile (psi) 966 856 730 485% Elongation 420 445 425 439Energy to break (psi) 728 740 633 483Ring Stress-Strain after 2 days 150� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 359 415 469 529300% Modulus (psi) 1302 1310 1345 1429Tensile (psi) 1602 1569 1403 1507% Elongation 436 391 374 375Energy to break (psi) 1671 1450 1328 1453Ring Tear (lbs/in) 60 77 75 59______________________________________ XP-50BR is a brominated pmethylstyrene-isobutylene copolymer available from Exxon Chemical with 0.8% by wt. bromine, PEG 400 is 400 molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol). Eurecamide is a mold release agent sold by Struktol as TR 131.
TABLE II______________________________________EXAMPLE OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE MODIFIED EPDMSample E F G H______________________________________Liquid EPDM Rubber 0 0 10 0EPDM Rubber 100 90 80 50RT-465 (Modified -- 10 10 50EPDM)Silica 20 20 20 20Carbon Black HAF 30 30 30 30ZnO 3 3 3 3Stearic Acid 1 1 1 1Oil 50 20 20 30Antioxidant 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Si69 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5PEG 8000 -- 30 30 20CurativesAccelerator I 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Sulfur Donor 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0Accelerator II 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5Physical PropertiesRelease No Yes Yes YesPeel Force (lbs/in) >20 <3 0 0Ring Stress Strain 25� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 420 378 367 304300% Modulus (psi) 1600 978 978 617Tensile (psi) 3127 1764 1686 1251% Elongation 545 503 496 617Energy to break 3464 1865 1781 1820(psi)Ring Stress Strain 100� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 300 218 207 97300% Modulus (psi) 1196 737 710 165Tensile (psi) 1345 746 819 275% Elongation 382 353 389 606Energy to break 1050 564 669 453(psi)Ring Stress Strain after 2 days 150� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 570 541 552 421300% Modulus (psi) 2527 1638 1702 895Tensile (psi) 2775 2001 2049 1624% Elongation 370 397 395 584Energy to break 2047 1682 1733 2311(psi)______________________________________ Accelerator I is Altax MBTS (benzothiazyl disulfide) Accelerator II is TMTD (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) RoyalTuf ™ 465 (RT465) is EPDM reacted with maleic anhydride to create an EPDM backbone with succinic anhydride pendant groups. This is the modified EPDM used as a backbone for grafting polar polymers onto. This polymer is made and sold by Uniroyal. Si69 is made by DeGussa Corp. It is bis(3triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfane. It functions as a silica couplin agent. PEG 8000 is poly(ethylene glycol) of molecular weight 8000.
TABLE III______________________________________EXAMPLE NITRILE RUBBERSample I______________________________________NBR Krynac � 825 100Carbon Black HAF 48Stearic Acid 1ZnO 5Castor Oil 20Heat Stabilizer 0.75Antioxidant 2Antioxidant 3CI Resin 15CurativesDi-morpholino disulfide 1.2Pre vulcanization inhibitor 0.3Benzothiazyl disulfide 0.75Tetraethylthiuram disulfide .80Physical PropertiesML/4 @ 100� C. 33Release YesPeel Force (lbs/in) 0Shore A Hardness23� C. 60% Compression Set22 Hrs @ 158� F. 24.0Ring Stress Strain 25� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 221300% Modulus (psi) 721Tensile (psi) 3064% Elongation 841Energy to break (psi) 5007Ring Stress Strain 100� C. ASTM D412100% Modulus (psi) 126300% Modulus (psi) 450Tensile (psi) 1500% Elongation 681Energy to break (psi) 2109Ring Stress Strain After Aging 2 days 121� C. 1 day 150� C.100% Modulus (psi) 273 1169300% Modulus (psi) 1040 --Tensile (psi) 3110 1432% Elongation 742 159Energy to break (psi) 4819 469Ring Tear @ 340� F. (lbs/in) 220 220______________________________________ NBR Krynac � 825 is nitrile rubber, butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer, made by Polysar. CI resin is coumaroneindene processing resin. Post vulcanization inhibitor is Santoguard PVI (Ncyclohexylthio) phthalimide. It serves to retard scorch. Heat stabilizer is Zetax.
TABLE IV______________________________________CONTROL EXAMPLE OF BUTYL RUBBERSample J______________________________________Butyl Rubber 95Carbon Black 48Stearic Acid 0ZnO 8Antioxidant 0Castor Oil 8CurativesHeat Reactive Phenolic 9.75ResinNeoprene 5Physical PropertiesML/4 @ 100� C. 75Release NoPeel Force (lbs/in) >100 rubber failureRing Tear @ 340� F. lbs/in 220______________________________________ Heat reactive phenolic resin is actually added with the carbon black and other ingredients before the final curative, which is neoprene rubber. Neoprene rubber serves to activate the cure system.
TABLE V______________________________________EXAMPLES EPICHLOROHYDRIN RUBBERSample K L M N O______________________________________Hydrin ™ 100 100 100 100 70SAN/EPDM 0 0 0 0 30BaCO3 4 4 4 0 4MgO 0 0 0 4 0Black HAF 48 48 48 48 48Antioxidant 1 1 1 1 1Antioxidant 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4Silicone Oil 5 5 5 5 5CI Resin 8 8 8 8 8Dioctyl Sebacate 5 5 5 5 5PlasticizerCurativesAccelerator III 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0Trimercaptotriazine 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.0 1.0Physical PropertiesML/4 @ 100� C. 44 41 42 34 68Release Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPeel Force (lbs/in) 0 0 0 0 0Shore A Hardness23� C. 71 71 73 70 82Compression Set %22 hrs 158� F. 18.4 16.0 16.7 12.0 24.8Ring Stress Strain ASTM 25� C. D412100% 436 483 405 409 655300% 1473 1436 1208 1319 1488Tensile (psi) 1835 1696 1485 1685 1523% Elongation 494 459 488 505 379Energy to break 2407 2102 1943 2268 1635(psi)Ring Stress Strain 100� C. ASTM D-412100% Modulus (psi) 336 331 347 310 309Tensile (psi) 1057 1012 981 960 861% Elongation 323 321 312 320 336Ring Stress Strain After 2 days 150� C.100% Modulus (psi) 605 881 975 794 1442Tensile (psi) 914 1232 1202 1158 1514% Elongation 250 210 182 234 150Energy to break 742 805 665 752 574(psi)______________________________________ Hydrin ™ is Epichlorohydrin rubber from Nippon Zeon. This one is a homopolymer of epichlorohydrin rather than a copolymer. SAN/EPDM is a graft of SAN onto EPDM. It is Royaltuf ™ 372 available from Uniroyal. BaCO3 is a blend of predominantly BaCO3 masterbatched in rubber CI Resin is coumaroneindene processing resin. Accelerator III is Rhenofit, a mixture of urea and sulfamic acid bonded t silica.
The examples A, B, C, and D of Table I using a brominated copolymer of p-methylstyrene-isobutylene reacted with poly(ethylene glycol) showed good release (lbs/in peel force) in the Peel Force Test at two different concentrations of PEG-400 (poly(ethylene glycol)). Examples B, C, and D show the substitution of EPDM and liquid EPDM for the XP-50BR still gives good release properties. The example compounds show good retention of physical properties even after heat aging. Thus, the grafted polar units have not significantly affected the physicals while they significantly enhanced the release.
The example of maleic anhydride modified EPDM (Table II) showed that Sample E, a compound without the polar polymer grafted onto the maleic anhydride modified EPDM did not release from the butyl rubber innerliner material in the peel test. The measured peel force was in excess of 20 lbs/inch of peel interface. Samples with the polar PEG-8000 grafted onto the modified EPDM (Samples F, G, and H) showed release and peel forces of less than 3 lbs/in. Samples G and H showed good physical properties for this application and good heat aging characteristics.
Sample I of nitrile rubber (Table III) showed excellent release and no adhesion in the peel test. The physical properties and heat aging are acceptable up to 120� C.
The control sample J of butyl rubber (Table IV) without any polar polymers or polar polymers grafted to hydrocarbon polymer backbones showed no release from a butyl rubber innerliner in the peel force test. The peel force was in excess of 100 lbs/in and showed tearing in the rubber rather than at the interface between the two compounds.
The samples K-O of epichlorohydrin rubber (Table V) showed release in peel force test. They had approximately 0 lbs/in peel force. Example O showed that blends of Hydrin™ rubber with SAN/EPDM also give good release properties and low peel force. The physical properties of these polymers were in the range necessary for curing bladders.
The utility of these disclosed polymers, copolymers, and graft copolymers having low adhesion to hydrocarbon rubbers like butyl rubber innerliners is to make curing bladders, sleeves, or other shaped polymer products especially those shaped products to be used in molding, shaping and curing hydrocarbon rubber compounds. The disclosed polymers have low adhesion to the cured hydrocarbon rubbers saving the necessity of applying lubricants to the interface between the molding device (such as a curing bladder) and the hydrocarbon rubber compound to be cured. They also eliminate the need for applying surface layers (i.e. making laminates) of polymers such as crosslinkable polysiloxanes or polyurethanes. They also eliminate the need for chemically attached polysiloxane polymers. These polysiloxane polymers are attached via a reaction of unsaturation present on the polysiloxane. This technology is taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,541, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The shaped articles and curing bladders or sleeves disclosed are useful in assembling, forming, and curing hydrocarbon based rubber materials.
While in accordance with the Patent Statutes, the best mode and preferred embodiment has been set forth, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but rather by the scope of the attached claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 10, 1969
|Nov 30, 1971
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Method of facing tires with colored sidewalls
|Dec 18, 1970
|Nov 28, 1972
|Cities Service Co
|Method of increasing the scorch life of butyl rubber
|Oct 13, 1972
|Feb 12, 1974
|American Cyanamid Co
|Vulcanization accelerator for natural and synthetic rubber
|Jul 20, 1974
|Jan 13, 1976
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Method of making an improved tire building sleeve and said sleeve
|May 7, 1974
|Jun 29, 1976
|Dunlop Limited
|Tire building machinery
|Nov 29, 1974
|Jul 6, 1976
|The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
|Band ply dope compositions
|Nov 20, 1980
|Nov 16, 1982
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Tire curing bladder lubricant
|Jan 11, 1982
|Apr 26, 1983
|Mccreary Tire & Rubber Company
|Non-sticking ply end turn-over bladder and method of manufacture thereof
|Feb 28, 1983
|Jul 24, 1984
|Bridgestone Tire Company Limited
|Marks for use in rubber articles
|Sep 17, 1984
|Aug 6, 1985
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Surface treated tire curing bladder, treatment composition therefor and method for curing tires
|Feb 28, 1984
|Aug 13, 1985
|Zeon Kosan Co., Ltd.
|Method for forming tires
|Oct 22, 1985
|Dec 1, 1987
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Process for molding and vulcanizing rubber products
|Oct 17, 1984
|Aug 1, 1989
|The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
|Elastomeric structures having controlled surface release characteristics
|Jun 22, 1989
|Dec 4, 1990
|Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
|Process for preparation of rubber laminate
|Mar 20, 1992
|May 25, 1993
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Turnup bladder having outer layer of PVC/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blend
|Jun 28, 1991
|Nov 9, 1993
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Block copolymers of polysiloxanes and copolymers of conjugated dienes and aromatic vinyl compounds, and multilayer structures containing same
|Dec 21, 1989
|Jul 18, 1990
|Cure system for sulfur vulcanizable rubber
|May 18, 2001
|Feb 12, 2003
|Steinemann Technology AG
|Method and device for cutting a laminate
|Title not available
|Nov 22, 1989
|Apr 18, 1991
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|Functionalized copolymers of para-alkylstyrene/isoolefin prepared by nucleophilic substitution
|Aug 2, 1991
|Feb 20, 1992
|Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P.
|Thermoplastic composition containing an isoolefin-para-alkylstyrene copolymer
|Mar 10, 1992
|Oct 1, 1992
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
|Composition for mold curing elements
|A book entitled Polythene, The Technology and Uses of Ethylene Polymers, edited by A. Renfrew and P. Morgan, Interscience Pub: New York, 1960, pp. 397, 400, 402 and 56.
|A computer search through Chemical Abstracts (13 abstracts).
|A computer search through Dialog Information Services (15 entries).
|An article entitled "Extending the Life and Performance of Butyl Rubber Curing Bags," Lars c. Larsen, P. A. Danilowicz and C. T. Ruffing (McGreary), Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, vol. 22-Jul., 1990, pp. 190-198.
|An article entitled "Functionalized Para-Methylstyrene/Isobutylene Copolymers," H. C. Wang, K. W. Powers, Paper No. 80, Exxon Chemical Company, Linden, N.J. 07036, presented May 21-24, 1991, pp. 1-13, plus FIGS. 1-20.
|An article entitled "New Isobutylene Polymers for Improved Tire Processing," J. V. Fusco, Exxon Chemical Company, Linden, N.J. 07036, presented Jan. 24, 1991, pp. 1-12 plus Tables 1-14 and Figures 1-7.
|An article entitled Extending the Life and Performance of Butyl Rubber Curing Bags, Lars c. Larsen, P. A. Danilowicz and C. T. Ruffing (McGreary), Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, vol. 22 Jul., 1990, pp. 190 198.
|An article entitled Functionalized Para Methylstyrene/Isobutylene Copolymers, H. C. Wang, K. W. Powers, Paper No. 80, Exxon Chemical Company, Linden, N.J. 07036, presented May 21 24, 1991, pp. 1 13, plus FIGS. 1 20.
|An article entitled New Isobutylene Polymers for Improved Tire Processing, J. V. Fusco, Exxon Chemical Company, Linden, N.J. 07036, presented Jan. 24, 1991, pp. 1 12 plus Tables 1 14 and Figures 1 7.
|Appendix "A".
|Appendix A .
|European Search Report, Application No. EP 93 10 9001 dated May 23, 1995.
|Citing Patent
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|Publication date
|Jun 29, 1998
|Jan 4, 2000
|The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
|Refrigerant transporting hose
|Sep 3, 1998
|Jan 18, 2000
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Tire cure bladder composition with alkylphenoxypoly (alkyleneoxy) alkanol
|Feb 2, 1999
|Apr 2, 2002
|Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A.
|Anti-tack bladder
|Dec 27, 2001
|Nov 30, 2004
|Pirelli Pneumatici Spa
|Anti-tack bladder, anti-tack rubber and method for making and using same
|Dec 13, 2002
|Jan 25, 2005
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Self-releasing curing bladders
|Mar 19, 2004
|May 1, 2007
|Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research
|Antiozonant based on functionalized benzotriazole UV absorbers and the process thereof
|Apr 21, 2011
|Aug 13, 2013
|The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
|Method for manufacturing bladder for use in manufacturing tires
|Dec 27, 2001
|Jul 4, 2002
|Phelps Kenny L.
|Anti-tack bladder, anti-tack rubber and method for making and using same
|Dec 13, 2002
|Jun 17, 2004
|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
|Self-releasing curing bladders
|Mar 19, 2004
|Jun 30, 2005
|Solanky Shailendra S.
|Antiozonant based on functionalized benzotriazole UV absorbers and the process thereof
|Dec 9, 2004
|Jun 15, 2006
|Sandstrom Paul H
|Tire curing bladder of EPDM rubber and use thereof
|Jan 26, 2005
|Aug 27, 2009
|Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A.
|Expandable Bladder
|Oct 27, 2011
|The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.
|Method for manufacturing bladder for use in manufacturing tires
|Jan 26, 2005
|Aug 3, 2006
|Pirelli Tyre S.P.A.
|Expandable bladder
|Jan 14, 2010
|Jul 22, 2010
|Seeo, Inc
|Polymer compositions with oligomeric alkylene oxide pendants
|U.S. Classification
|425/52, 525/186, 264/315, 425/43, 525/187, 525/185
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 8, 2000
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 14, 2001
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 20, 2001
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20010114


text:
Police are investigating a weekend break-in at a South Philadelphia art gallery where state House candidate Christian DiCicco recently established his campaign office.
A DiCicco aide, Jim Engler, opened the office yesterday morning to find eight paintings and a leather couch slashed, the telephone wires cut and several campaign documents missing, including recent poll results.
DiCicco is running against state Rep. Bill Keller in the Democratic primary.
The security system for the building, on Passyunk Avenue near Tasker, had been deactivated for the weekend after it went off Friday night. A motion detector signaled that there had been activity at the gallery's front door, but there was no sign of a break-in, and DiCicco's staff thought that the alarm system might be broken.


text:
Roberto Coin "Circle of Life" .64 ct. t.w. Diamond Open Circle Necklace in 18kt White Gold. 16"
Item#: 154682
Founded in Vicenza, the City of Gold in 1977, Roberto Coin jewelry celebrates the elegance of femininity, creativity and craftsmanship. This beautiful "Circle of Life" pendant necklace features an extra large open circle gleaming with .64 ct. t.w. diamonds in 18kt white gold. Suspends from a cable chain with a 2" extender and a lobster clasp. Diamond Roberto Coin necklace.
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Product Details (for Roberto Coin "Circle of Life" .64 ct. t.w. Diamond Open Circle Necklace in 18kt White Gold. 16")
Necklace Drop close DROP: A dangling or stationary detail which "drops" from a bale, strand or earring backing. Length:
1 1/8 inches
Necklace Drop Width:
1 1/8 inches
18kt close 18KT: Karat (abbreviated kt or K) is a unit that indicates the purity of gold in the metal. 18kt is 75% gold. In Europe, 18K yellow gold is most favored and used in jewelry. White Gold close WHITE GOLD: Gold is a precious metal which is naturally quite soft. To give it a white color and increase its strength, gold is alloyed with white metals, such as silver and/or palladium, and often plated with rhodium. The purity of the metal is indicated by a unit called a "karat," with 24kt having the highest percentage of natural gold.
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Chain Size:
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Double close DOUBLE: A bale that has two loops to slide a chain through.
Fits Chain:
1 mm
Chain Included:
Gemstone 1:
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All weights and measures are approximate.
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San Francisco has been good to me. Growing up here as a kid living with foster families, lots of people stepped up to help me make my way. With their help and generous financial aid, I was able to attend and graduate from Lick-Wilmerding High School and go on to earn degrees from Yale, Harvard and UC Berkeley. Today I am a Deputy City Attorney in Oakland. In my free time I try to give back to the City that gave so much to me. In 2010, I ran to represent District 8 on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and although I did not win that race, it was a great honor to earn the votes of nearly 15,000 voters who shared my vision of San Francisco as a city that leaves no one behind, a place where every child has the same opportunities to survive and thrive that I did. In 2012, as City College of San Francisco was descending into an accreditation crisis that continues to threaten the survival of one of San Francisco's most vital institutions, I ran for the College District's Board of Trustees and won. Since that time I have worked tirelessly to save our City College. Thank you for visiting this web page. I hope to use it to keep my friends and supporters updated on the fight to save City College, as well as my other activities.
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"You see them on the street, people talking to themselves, and you wonder who they're talking to. Are they giving an inaugural address at an imaginary White House? I wonder, and I want to get in there." The idea -- transforming pathological minds into physical places -- stuck in Double Fine Productions founder Tim Schafer's head. "Interactive dream sequences and hallucinations have interested me for years -- stuff that's surreal but also has symbolic meaning...crazy, crazy visuals that mean something because they represent aspects of someone's mind."
In July 2000, the idea's time had come. "Early on, it was all me hanging out in my apartment in a bathrobe with a telephone and notepad, thinking, 'I'm going to start a company,'" Schafer says. But the daring designer was also using his connections and out-of-the-ordinary ideas to persuade people in high places. "I started talking with Ed Fries [then VP of Microsoft's game division] around the time that they announced Xbox. It was the new thing, and Ed wanted to see stuff that approached art." Soon after, Microsoft signed on Psychonauts and Schafer's fledgling Double Fine Productions -- a team composed in part of folks with whom Schafer had worked while producing PC cult classic Grim Fandango, and they began operating out of an old San Francisco clog shop. "Microsoft knew what they were getting and wanted it. We had leeway in the early days when they were still figuring out who they were as a [game] company. A lot of experimental stuff was going on, but when a few games didn't do so well, they started cracking down. To survive that, we had to get our thing together, and we did."


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Company Overview of ACE Underwriting Agencies Limited
Executive Profile
Graham D. Williams
Non-Executive Director, ACE Underwriting Agencies Limited
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 1 Board Members in 1 different organizations across 2 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Corporate Headquarters
100 Leadenhall StreetPhone: 44 20 7173 7000
London, Greater London EC3A 3BP
United Kingdom
Fax: 44 20 7173 7800
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We only have these left at deep discounted prices. They are 1-14 Gauge 3/4 with emerald gems and 2-12 Gauge 1/4 with Purple Gems. These are very cute and at this price they won't last long.
If you would like to create your own look they can be found here at regular price.


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nearest neighbour 1-bit bitmap
#1 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 12 April 2011 - 03:16 AM
I'm doing a nearest neighbor search with a couple of thousand 16x16 1-bit black and white images. I pack the 256 bits into 32 bytes, and use a superfast bit-comparator to count the number of matching bits, and that way i find the closest match.
Without any optimization I can do a search with 2000 instances within the performance requirements.
My first optimization was to create a distance map from every instance to each other, a NxN array. While searching trough the set, i keep track of the closest instance found until now, and then for the rest of the instances I can check in the distance map if i possibly can be closer to that instance, before actually checking the real distance. This makes the search run in about 66% of the time.
I have also tried a lot of other approaches, but with no success.
The problem is that any k-tree or any stuff like that does not work, since its basically 256 dimensions with only two position each; no way to "split" the dimension.
So, any idea on how to do this hierarchal? I have the fealing that i should be able to do this in about 10% of a linear search, and i have all the preprocessing time in the world :-)
#2 Crossbones+ - Reputation: 19655
Posted 12 April 2011 - 06:25 AM
#3 Crossbones+ - Reputation: 19655
Posted 12 April 2011 - 06:40 AM
Do you think this might work with your images?
#4 Members - Reputation: 982
Posted 12 April 2011 - 09:45 AM
Considering general BSP trees: A reasonable algorithm for building these would be to recursively split each data set with a plane through its mean with normal along its principal axis. A yet-better one would be to use k-means with k=2 to determine your splitting planes. If you look at the independent component analysis (ICA) literature, you might also find other ideas to consider.
Whatever splitting method you choose, for a general BSP-tree approach, you'd then at runtime be doing roughly O(log(N)) inner products (each of which is O(n^2)) (if you have N images, each of which is nxn), so you'd have O(n^2 log(N)) complexity, vs. the O(n^2 N) complexity you have now. That said, you'd be doing multiplications instead of bitwise comparisons, so the constants would be worse; there might be a point in the tree beyond which it's cheaper to brute-force.
Anyway I'm speculating at this point. Have you looked at e.g. this?
Ah hah! YES. Check out p. 52 of this pdf. I like this. Here, halfspaces are encoded by pairs of points (called "pivot pairs"): If you're closer to the first point, you're in the first halfspace; if you're closer to the second, you're in the second halfspace. What's nice about this is that (1) it allows you to stick with your fast bitwise stuff, without requiring more general arithmetic (no MULs!), and (2) there are only finitely-many planes to consider. Let's see... well, without even coming up with something cleverer, you can brute-force construct a near-optimal tree (by choosing the pair of pivots that most nearly divide your points in half at each splitting) in O(N^3) time...
There's other stuff out there; e.g. R-trees, M-trees, but I don't really know them well. They're all various kinds of bounding volume hierarchies.
Hope that's somewhat helpful.
#5 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:01 PM
Still the same great responses I remember from my old days here :-) Have to look into these forums more often; even if my fixed-pipeline-graphics-knowledge is somehow outdated :-) I also know alot about AI, but more of the theoretical "not usable in realtime games"-type stuff, then the "how do I make my soldiers cooperate as a realistic squad"-stuff.
alvaro#1: Currently i do about 10 lookups in a set of 2600 images, 10 times per sec = 100 checks in a 2600 set. I do it on an iPhone 3GS arm 32-bit processor. This is brute force check all strategy, so my feeling is that I should be able to do about 100 check is a 15000 set with optimizations. If i could do 200-300 check against a set of about 5000, I would be more then happy.
alvaro#2: Good idea; rank them along number of pixels in square, and then divide on that. Should give me the possibility to exclude a lot of the set + do some space splitting. I have a little pixel-lab where I try out stuff and measure improvement. I promise to post results if I try this out; should be interesting.
Emergent: Ah, thats how you do it :-) you don't need to split along axes. I did a lot of 3D BSP stuff back in the days, so I totally get this now (I sort of fell of the space-stuff when going from 3 to 256 dimensions :-) ). As I read trough your answer, I totally follow you. The two point axis makes perfectly sense regarding my bitstuff. I could even do a sqrt table lookup for distance, since square distance is int 0 - 256. Also thanks for a hint on how to find those points, the perfect divider-algo should be pretty simple to create.
Just to let you know:
Since last time, i optimized my distance-map system, and I optimized my bitstuff. Even if I hate to do low level optimizations; I managed to run in 50% time.
Distance map optimization: For all instances in set, I know the distance to all other instances. If my test is X away from instance 1, and instance 1 is Y away from instance 2, I don't need to do a full distance-test for instance 2 if Y > X*2.
Bitflick optimization: My old version had each case packed into bytes, so my 256 bits was inside 32 bytes. For each of those I did a bit-compare-count. My new version packs the bits into 8 32-bit ints. That way I get away with much less instructions, since I only need to do most of them 8 times (instead of 32).
I will implement the BSP solution and measure efficiency. Since the penalty for increasing the set is lower if I do BSP, I would actually be happy if i could match the current speed. Hopefully I _should_ be able to do it in 5-10% time :-)
#6 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:09 PM
int distance2 = 0; for(int i=0;i<8;i++){ uint32_t value; value = A->data32[i] ^ B->data32[i]; while (value) { distance2++; value = (value - 1) & value; } } return distance2;
The code tag is killing me today :-)
#7 Crossbones+ - Reputation: 19655
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:20 PM
Is your code anything like this?
int popcount(unsigned x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x55555555u; x = (x & 0x33333333u) + ((x >> 2) & 0x33333333u); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0fu; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; return x & 0x3f; } int hamming_distance(const char c1[32], const char c2[32]) { const unsigned *u1 = reinterpret_cast<unsigned const *>(c1); const unsigned *u2 = reinterpret_cast<unsigned const *>(c2); int result = 0; for (int i=0; i<8; ++i) result += popcount(u1[i] ^ u2[i]); return result; }
EDIT: I didn't see your previous post. This method should be faster, unless your images are very very similar.
#8 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:21 PM
#9 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:24 PM
#10 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:30 PM
Could i get it down to 5%? ( given that most interesting cases actually have a pretty close neighbor ? )
#11 Crossbones+ - Reputation: 19655
Posted 13 April 2011 - 02:43 PM
alvaro: Yes, but I have no idea of why the popcount return matching bits. I notice that you don't have a loop, so ill check that out :-) Thanks!
You can find similar code with comments here. It should be easy for you to try it out. I suspect it will be significantly faster.
#12 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 03:04 PM
Optimization #1: use alvaros popcount tok me from benchmark 2480ms to 1138ms. rolling out the 8 step loop took me down to 1086ms, thats 43.8% of the original time! I guess those while-branches really killed my performance :-) (Even if I'm still at O(N) ) BTW; I also checked that the results are exactly the same.
Now lets get on with the space partitioning!
#13 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 03:08 PM
...I suspect it will be significantly faster.
About twice the speed :-)
#14 Members - Reputation: 193
Posted 13 April 2011 - 03:32 PM
As a result, I would be inclined to recommend that you forgo using a spatial indexing tree and instead default to using a locality sensitive hash instead. The behavior of locality sensitive hashes for hamming distance computations are now quite well understood and should get you pretty good results. Also they are much easier to implement, and tend to behave nicely with cache performance. Here is a link from wikipedia: (scroll to the bottom to see how to use it to compute nearest neighbors)
#15 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 13 April 2011 - 03:59 PM
#16 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 14 April 2011 - 12:05 AM
#17 Members - Reputation: 193
Posted 14 April 2011 - 02:15 PM
Gionis, Indyk and Motwani, "Similarity Search in Higher Dimensions via Hashing", Proc. of VLDB (1999) PDF
As far as I know, it is the current best solution to the hamming distance nearest neighbor problem.
#18 Members - Reputation: 982
Posted 14 April 2011 - 03:21 PM
For nearest neighbor search, a k-d tree or BSP is not likely to be a good idea in 256 dimensions. The reason for this is that the there is a lower bound on the query time for any range searching data structure with linear storage (ie all BSP type data strucutres) of O(n^((d-1)/d)). In this case, as d grows larger, this quickly approaches linear cost, which basically means that you will be back to your ordinary brute force in terms of performance.
Wow, that's not obvious. You must be referring to this. I think my intuition is going to be having screaming matches with that paper for a little while, until I trust its assumptions.
#19 Members - Reputation: 100
Posted 16 April 2011 - 01:35 PM
Emergent: I agree; it _SHOULD_ work :-)


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Public, town talk water
Citizens' questions got answers during a public hearing on proposed water rate changes on June 17.
Mayor Chuck Cariker thanked people for attending to express their concerns and share their opinions. Cariker said the move to change water and sewer rates stemmed from a 2009 Attorney General's opinion stating that municipalities can not charge any less than what it costs to operate their water systems.
"This administration and the previous administration have been working to come up with a way to bring us into compliance with that," Cariker said, noting that the town has been supplementing the system's operating costs by $600,000 to $700,000 a year.
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I had my sights on Imugan Falls for quite some time now. Several of my friends had visited the place a year or two ago but I had to be somewhere else at that time. After a few failed attempts to go there, one finally pushed through, this time with a blogger friend (DongHo). It's a 6-hour trip just to see the falls, a trip I was glad to take.
Imugan is one of the barangays of Sta. Fe, a sleepy town in province of Nueva Vizcaya. Imugan is nestled high up in the Caraballo Mountain Range bordering Nueva Vizcaya and the province of Pangasinan. It's one of those places where if you look both ways you can see everything. Not much to see there for tourists (except for the waterfalls of course!) but nature lovers would find this remote and rustic village a perfect getaway place . Researchers, both foreign and local, have also been frequenting the place. Imugan, you see, is the only place in the Philippines where they have a carbon trading initiative (in line with the Kyoto Protocol) and a very successful sustainable forest management program.
welcome scene in Imugan
We arrived at about noon on a cold and foggy day. I checked my altimeter: its 950 meters above sea. The trip went well; I remembered reading how bad the road was leading up to Imugan. It took us just about 30 minutes on a tricycle, our driver had no trouble navigating the narrow road (there were a few instances where I swear we were just inches from the ledge) even when the fog reduced the visibility considerably.
We were referred to the Kalahan Dormitory for lodging. It was spartan yet clean. The place is being maintained by the Kalahan Foundation (setup by the community, the whole of Imugan is ancestral domain of the Kalahan tribe).
bridge to the trail (near the dorm)
After a hearty lunch, we set out to hike to the falls. The foggy weather was holding and there was a light shower, perfect to photographing waterfalls. The waterfalls deities must have been favoring us, for the locals mentioned that it was very sunny the previous day.
flowers by the trail
The trail was well established, single track and runs by the side of the mountain. It's one of the easiest treks to a waterfall I've been able to take: no mudslides, no treacherous descents. In fact it was scenic, with one section of the trail lined with flowers and another one with a moss wall.
mossy trail
The fog enhanced the mood of the place. What do you get when you trek with two photographers? A very slow trek! Our local guide was obviously bored.
finally, Imugan falls
When we finally managed to reach the falls, my first reaction was awed fascination of the scene in front of me. I was like a kid who entered a candy store. I quickly ran through a series of mental images: photos of this falls made by other photographers, trying to decide how I'm going to shoot this and from which vantage points.
I figured the best way to do this was to shoot from a distance downstream and then work my way up. Here's what I got:
There was a trail going up the top of the falls but our guide advised against taking it since the recent rains have made it very slippery.
All rights reserved Photos by Allan Barredo unless stated otherwise. No photos or any part of this post may be downloaded and reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the owner. But feel free to share the link using any of the sharing buttons below.Did you like this post?
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Dacor ER30DSCHLPH
30" Renaissance Series Liquid Propane Freestanding Range with 4 Burners, Sealed Burner, None Drawer, 3.9 cu. ft. Primary Oven Capacity, 18,000 BTU, Delay Bake, Self-Cleaning Mode, Illumina Burner Controls�, Perma-Flame�, SmartFlame, RapidHeat� Bake Element in Stainless Steel
Available Usually Ships within 24-48 Hours
Quick Specs:
- Series: Renaissance
- Fuel Type: Liquid Propane
- Exterior Width: 30"
- Primary Oven Capacity: 3.9 cu. ft.
- Cooktop: Sealed Burner
- Burners / Elements: 4
- Sabbath Mode: Yes
- Convection: Yes
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Back Guards [REQUIRED]
The ER30D 30" freestanding dual fuel range features four sealed burners and a 3.9 cu. ft. oven. The oven uses Dacor's Patented RapidHeat™ Bake element to reduce preheating times and allows for exceptional even baking and browning. The cooktop features Dacor's SimmerSear™ Burner that provides up to 18,000 BTU. Available at AppliancesConnection
- Illumina™ Burner Controls
- TiltVue™ Control Panel
- Electronic Controls
- Two Digital Timers and Clock
- 10-Key Touch Pad
- Patented RapidHeat™ Bake Element
- RapidHeat™ Broil Element
- 1 SimmerSear™ Burner with Melting Feature (18,000 BTU)
- 2 Sealed Gas Burners (16,000 BTU)
- 1 Sealed Gas Burner (8,500 BTU)
- Dual-Valve Burners
- Perma-Flame™ Automatic Reignition
- Pure Convection™
- 4 Convection Modes / 2 Conventional Modes
- Meat Probe
- Automatic Hold
- Self-Cleaning Oven
- 2 - 14"Wide Continuous Platform Grates
- Sealed Cooktop Spill Basin
- 3"Backguard and Full Side Panels for Free-Standing Model (ER30D)
- 6"or 9"Backguard Accessories (ER30D)
- Pre-Installed Island Trim Kit for Self-Rimming Model (ER30DSR)
- Halogen Lights
- Sabbath Mode
- 1 GlideRack™ (Full Extension)
- 1 Griddle
- 1 Wok Ring
- 1 Broiler Pan with Grill
- Star-K Certified
- Designed and Manufactured in California, USA
|Dimensions & Capacity
|29 7/8"
|35 3/8" - 37 1/2"
|28 13/16"
|Oven Cubic Feet:
|3.9 cu. ft.
|240V, 60Hz, 30A
|Stainless Steel only
|Trim Colors:
|Chrome (Brass, Copper, Black Chrome options sold separately)
|3" (included); 6" and 9" - Sold Separately
|Full Depth Side Panels:
|Key Features
|Illumina Burner Controls:
|TiltVue Control Panel:
|Dual Timer, Digital Clock, 10-Key Touch pad:
|RapidHeat Bake Element:
|3,000 Watts
|RapidHeat Broil Element:
|2,500 Watts
|SimmerSear Burners with Melting Feature:
|Sealed Gas Burner:
|Sealed Gas Burner:
|Other Features
|Dual Valve Burners:
|Perma-Flame Automatic Reignition:
|Pure Convection:
|Convection Modes:
|Conventional Modes:
|Meat Probe:
|Automatic Hold:
|Self-Cleaning Oven:
|14" Wide Continuous Platform Grates:
|10" Wide Continuous Platform Grates:
|Sealed Cooktop Spill Basin:
|Halogen Lights:
|Wok Ring:
|Broiler Pan with Grill:
|Star-K Certified:
- Brand:Dacor
- Stock Id:92742
- Series:Renaissance
- Color:Stainless Steel
- Style:Freestanding
- Cooktop:Sealed Burner
- Series:Renaissance
- Fuel Type:Liquid Propane
- Burners:4
- Volts:240 Volts
- BTUs:18,000 BTU
- LP Conversion:No
- ADA Compliant:No
- Drawer:None
- Oven Racks:3
- Primary Oven Capacity:3.9 cu. ft.
- Exterior Width:30"
- Burners / Elements:4
- Frequency:60 Hz.
- Convection:Yes
- Sabbath Mode:Yes
- Self-Cleaning:Yes
- Digital Temperature Display:Yes
- Delay Bake:Yes
- Timer:Yes
- Induction:No
- Digital Clock:Yes
- Wi-Fi:No
- Oven Control Type:Touchpad
- Illumina Burner Controls�:Yes
- Perma-Flame�:Yes
- SmartFlame:Yes
- RapidHeat� Bake Element:Yes
- Width:29.88"
- Height:37.87"
- Depth:28.81"
- Oven Controls:Touchpad
- Amps:30 Amps
- Cooktop Controls:Knobs
- Downdraft Ventilation:No
- Hot Surface Indicator Light:No
- Interior Oven Light:Yes
- Racks:3
- Temperature Probe:Yes
- Ignition Type:Electronic
- Continuous Grates:Yes
- Set 1 QTY:1
- Set 1 Output:18000
- Modules Required:No
- Stainless Steel Handle:Yes
- Viewing Window:Yes
- Broiler Element Location:Top
- Proofing:No
- Removable Door:Yes
- Set 2 QTY:2
- Set 2 Output:16000
- Set 3 QTY:2
- Set 3 Output:8500
- Warranty Terms:1 Year
- Star-K Certified:Yes
- Cooktop Control Type:Knobs
- Usage:Residential
- High Altitude:Yes
- Warranty Conditions:Parts and Labor
- Oven Watts:3000
Technical Details
RapidHeat� Bake Element
Allows for faster preheating and exceptionally even baking and browning. Not to mention easy clean up.
Exclusive Four-Part Pure Convection� System
Fan, heating element (2200W), air baffle and convection filter, reduces cooking time, provides superior heat distribution, and eliminates flavor transfer.
Gives you total control. Perfect simmering or perfect searing? Just say yes. Simmer, sear and saute with the utmost control, thanks to our SimmerSear Burner, which also includes a melting feature.
Automatically re-ignites a flame for continuous heating and uninterrupted cooking should a burner unexpectedly go out.
Six Cooking Modes
Convection Bake, Convection Broil, Convection Roast, Pure Convection, Bake, and Broil
Reduces flame contact with grate to prevent grate discoloration and increase longevity.
Illumina Burner Controls�
The knobs glow Dacor`s signature flame-blue� to always let you know when a burner is on
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A Barrie House Coffee Co. warehouse at 945 Nepperhan Ave. in Yonkers has sold for $2,725,000.
The New York Commercial Realty Group announced Thursday that it represented FLD Associates of Eastchester in the purchase of the 32,500-square-foot building.
The seller, B.R.P. LLC was represented by NAI Friedland.
The Barrie House Coffee Co.'s headquarters are in Elmsford.
Twitter: @Ernie_G_journo


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Princess Mononoke Watercolor
About this project
You Will Need
- Cost
- Free
CraftsArt • Drawing • Decorating •
Posted By
AnnaU.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado, US
included, respectively:
1. Uncolored sketch
2. Watercolored picture
3. Reference picture
I stayed up late making this for the contest! Ever since I saw the movie about five years ago, I've absolutely loved the idea of Princess Mononoke. Maybe I should draw kodama tree spirits next? :)
I drew Mononoke by looking at the reference picture. That took less than twenty minutes. Then I inked her.
What REALLY got me? The watercolors! That wasn't such a great idea after all. I used a toothpick to get into the really small spaces, and that inevitably caused some mess-ups. Saying "don't mess up" the whole time. Stressful, because of course I did.
I had never used watercolor in this way before, nor have I ever drawn more than two or three manga/anime characters, so I figured this out as I went along!
I'll try colored pencil today. Because color may make things harder, but it still needs to be done. This is supposed to be a complete project, after all.
How To Draw And Shade The Human Torso
In this tutorial, I'll cover the necessary steps needed to turn a reference photo into a stunning drawing that you can use as a portfolio piece.


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Check out the following new courses:
- ESL 824 (CRN: 12019) - Taught by Monica Castro
Currently Viewing Results for Summer 2014 and CRN 30053 - IVC Syllabi Site
Advanced Search
Summer 20141 section
CIS - Computer Information Systems1 section
CIS 149 - Photoshop1 section
Recommended Preparation: CIS 101
The course includes an introduction to the basic working environment of Photoshop; basic photo corrections; retouching and repairing; working with selections; layer basics; masks and channels; correcting and enhancing digital photographs; advanced layer techniques; advanced compositing; and web publishing techniques. The student will create an integrated project that simulates a real-world graphic design job, drawing on the skills learned. (CSU)
Status CRN Units Instructor Cap Act Rem Syllabi Textbooks OPEN 30053 3.00 Martinez, Andres 35 20 15 No Syllabus Available Textbooks Additional Information for Course 30053 Meeting Type Meeting Dates Meeting Times Building Room Start Date End Date Lecture/Discussion M T W R - - 10:00 AM - 12:10 PM 800 801 Jun 16, 2014 Jul 23, 2014