text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 2003
|Filing date
|Oct 1, 1996
|Priority date
|Oct 1, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gregory John Funk, Ronald John Vanderhelm
|Original Assignee
|Sierra Wireless, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (19), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless modems, particularly to wireless modems realized at least in part by a PCMCIA card, otherwise known as a PC Card™.
2. State of the Art
Integrated circuit cards, particularly cards conforming to the PCMCIA or PC Card™ standard, have become a mainstay of mobile computing. Devices of various descriptions are available in the PCMCIA format, including memory cards, modems, disk drives, etc. The development of mobile computing has resulting in an increased demand in particular for wireless modems.
PCMCIA cards come in different varieties including, in order of increasing thickness, Type I, Type II and Type III cards. Ideally, a wireless modem would be realized in the form of a PCMCIA card such as a Type II card and would fit entirely within a Type II package enclosure. To date, this goal has not been fully realized. Because of the significant transmit power requirements of a wireless modem, existing PCMCIA-based wireless modems are provided with a rather bulky battery enclosed within an extension to the standard Type II card. During stand-by operation, the battery is trickle charged in preparation for future transmission and its attendant high power requirements. During transmission, the extra power required by the wireless modem is drawn from the battery.
A different approach to realizing a wireless modem has been to leverage the investment in existing equipment by interfacing a separate radio transceiver to an existing PCMCIA baseband modem. In this approach, the radio is not PCMCIA-based, and is protocol-specific. That is, the radio implements a particular radio protocol such as AMPS, for example. The radio transceiver therefore cannot be used with other different radio protocols, such as CDPD, PCS, etc., since for each different standard, the radio transceiver is different.
Although the pace of innovation in telecommunications may well defy the notion of a common RF standard, the lack of a common standard results in higher costs to consumers. As demonstrated in the wired computer modem market, market penetration depends heavily on prices reaching a threshold level of affordability. Continued improvements are therefore needed in order to make radio data communications equipment widely affordable.
What is needed, then, is an improved PCMCIA-based wireless modem that achieves the competing dual objectives of versatility and low cost.
The present invention, generally speaking, provides for an inexpensive, PCMCIA-based radio transceiver that interfaces to a separate baseband modem, which may itself be PCMCIA-based or may be an internal modem of a notebook computer. Together, the PCMCIA-based radio transceiver and the baseband modem realize a wireless modem. In order to minimize cost and increase versatility of the resulting wireless modem, the radio transceiver is a relatively unintelligent, protocol-agnostic, slave device that is controlled by commands issued by the baseband modem. The baseband modem may be a hardware modem or a software modem. In either case, the character of the baseband modem may be changed by downloading new software. The radio transceiver may also be exchanged for another within a family of radio transceivers, each of which customized for a particular radio standard. The result is an extremely flexible, extremely low-cost wireless modem solution.
The present invention may be further understood from the following description in conjunction with the appended drawing. In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a radio transceiver incorporated within a first system configuration to realize a wireless modem;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the radio transceiver of FIG. 1 incorporated within a second system configuration to realize a wireless modem;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the radio transceiver of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the baseband modem of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing details of the signalling interface between the radio transceiver of FIG. 3 and the baseband modem of FIG. 4; and
FIGS. 6-14 are diagrams of registers in an exemplary implementation of the interface of FIG. 5.
Referring to FIG. 1, the overall architecture of the present wireless modem in a first embodiment thereof will be described. Both a radio 101 and a baseband modem 103 are realized as PC cards, e.g. PCMCIA cards. The PC cards are connected together through a radio interface 105 described in detail hereinafter.
The baseband modem PC card receives from a host computer (not shown) digital data through a card (e.g., PCMCIA) interface 107. The digital data may be circuit switched data (e.g., AMPS, V.34 or other wireline data, etc.) or packet switched data (e.g., CDPDL). The digital data may also represent an analog voice signal. The baseband modem 103 modulates the digital data and provides the resulting modulated signal to the radio transceiver 101 through the radio interface 105.
The radio transceiver PC card 101 is powered from a card (e.g., PCMCIA) interface 109. The radio transceiver 101 receives a modulation signal from the baseband modem PC card 103 and uses the signal to modulate an RF carrier. The modulated RF carrier is transmitted via an antenna 111.
In FIG. 1, both the radio 101 and the baseband modem 103 are realized as PC cards. Referring now to FIG. 2, a similar arrangement is shown. Instead of the baseband modem being realized in the form of a PCMCIA card, however, the baseband modem 103′ is an internal modem of a computer, e.g., a notebook computer 120 or the like. In other aspects, the wireless modems of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are substantially the same.
Referring to FIG. 3, the radio transceiver 101 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in greater detail. Of particular interest is a control portion of the radio transceiver. This portion of the transceiver receives commands from the host computer through the radio interface to control operation of the radio. These commands are relatively low-level commands as described hereinafter.
The control portion of the radio transceiver consists primarily of a microcontroller 301 and a data processor for cellular radio (DPROC) 303 such as the UMA1002 available from Philips Semiconductors. The microcontroller 301, in general, exercises overall control of the radio transceiver and its functions. The DPROC 303, in general, implements functions specific to AMPS. When protocols other than AMPS are used, such as CDPD, the DPROC is idle.
Both the microcontroller and the DPROC are connected to two different buses, a two-wire I2C bus 305 and a four-wire serial bus 307. The microcontroller 301 provides a clock signal to the DPROC and exchanges various control signals with the DPROC on a bus 309. A clock signal for the microcontroller 301 is provided by an oscillator 311.
The microcontroller includes a PROM 313, an A/D converter 315, and a D/A converter (DAC) 317. The PROM 313 receives a programming voltage VPP from the PCMCIA interface or the like. The A/D converter 315 is used to determine the values of various analog signals including the following: a temperature signal produced by a temperature sensor, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), and a modulation feedback signal (MOD). The D/A converter 317 is used to produce various tuning and control voltages including the following: a power control voltage PWR used to control the transmit power of the radio, a voltage QTUNE used to adjust the center frequency of the demodulator within a receive section of the radio, and an FTUNE signal used to fine tune the center frequency within a transmit section of the radio. The signal FTUNE is combined in a summer 319 with the modulation signal RMOD from the baseband modem and a signal "AMPMOD" from the DPROC. The latter signal is attenuated by a trim pot 321 set during factory calibration to give the proper transmit deviation.
Only the principal inputs and outputs of the microcontroller necessary to a full and complete understanding of the present invention have been discussed. Other signals are exchanged between the microcontroller 301 and various other components within the radio as represented by the bus CONTROL I/O 323. In addition, a transmit keying signal TXKEY is input to the microcontroller. The function of this signal is discussed in detail hereinafter.
The radio transceiver of FIG. 3 interfaces to a standard modem—either a modem PC Card or an internal modem—in a very similar fashion as a standard cellular phone in "Direct Connect" mode. 'Direct Connect' mode refers to the ability to connect directly from a modem to a cellular phone without the need for an intermediate interface box. Early modems had to connect to an interconnect box which performed whatever signal conditioning the phone required. Subsequently improvements resulted in building the appropriate hardware and software into the modem, facilitating a direct connection to the phone. Some of the functions normally performed within a cellular phone when that phone is being used for a data connection, however, are performed instead within the baseband modem. A specialized interface between the radio transceiver and the baseband modem is therefore required. The interface allows for AMPS data and voice communications and supports as well the CDPD protocol.
A block diagram of one possible modem architecture is shown in FIG. 4. A microprocessor control unit is connected to a bus 403 including control, address and data portions. Also connected to the bus 403 are flash memory 405, random-access memory 407, a pocket modem interface circuit 409 and a V.34 interface 411. The microprocessor control unit 401 exercises overall control of the modem, the pocket modem interface circuit 409 interfaces with the radio 300 via the buses 305 and 307 as previously described, and the V.34 interface 411 interfaces with a Dsp 411 to control modulation and demodulation of data.
A clock generator 415 provides a clock signal to the pocket modem interface circuit 409 and the V.34 interface 411. The pocket modem interface circuit 409 is connected to an EEPROM memory 417. The pocket modem interface circuit 409 controls the clock speed of the MCU using a multiplexer 419.
In the illustrated embodiment, the modem may be operated in either wireless mode or wired mode. Hence the DSP produces a CODEC-OUT signal that is connected to both the radio 300 and to a DAA (Data Access Arrangement) 421. The DAA 421 is coupled to the telephone interface. A CODEC-IN signal of the DAA 421 is received from either the DAA 421 or the radio 300 through a multiplexer 423.
The V.34 interface 411 includes voice capability. Digitized voice signals are therefore transmitted to and from voice codec 425 across a bus 427. The voice codec 425 is connected to a speaker driver 429 and to a microphone bias circuit 431.
The following components have been found to be suitable for use in modem of FIG. 4:
Part No.
Pocket Modem Interface Peripheral
V.34 Interface ASIC
Microprocessor control unit
The radio transceiver card obtains power (Vcc and Vpp) from the PCMCIA socket through a standard PCMCIA connector. A simple CIS (Card Information Structure) is included on the radio transceiver card to interface to Card and Socket Services software on the host computer. The CIS will, for example, enable Vpp at 12V.
A separate interface, to be presently described, is used for audio and control purposes. In accordance with one embodiment, a 12-pin connector is used for communication between the modem and the radio card. A block diagram specifying the signal lines comprising the interface is shown in FIG. 5. The function of each signal line is briefly described in the following table:
The modulation input to the radio
The discriminator output from the
radio receiver.
AGND (Analog
The ground reference for MOD and
Two-wire serial interface conforming
to I2C specification.
Primarily used as a transmit key,
TXKEY, signal.
Received AMPS control data.
Clock for received data.
Transmit AMPS control data and
Clock for transmit data.
Power from modem (optional). May
be used to power logic circuitry.
Reference signal for digital signals.
Logically, the modem/radio interface is designed around a set of registers. In a preferred embodiment, these registers are read/written using the I2C protocol. The register address may be embedded in the I2C address to minimize addressing overhead.
In an exemplary embodiment, there are 16 registers, eight of which are defined and eight of which are reserved for future use. The definition and function of each of the eight registers will be described in turn.
Referring to FIG. 6, register 0 is a general control register. The TXON bit turns on power to the radio transmitter stages when set to 1. RXON turns on power to the receiver. RXON must have been previously set before setting TXON.
In an exemplary embodiment, the radio is provided with two different keying modes. When the KEYMODE bit is set to 0, the ARM/KEY bit is configured to "arm" the transmitter. In this mode, the keying of the radio is controlled using the TXKEY interface line in FIG. 3 allowing for very accurate timing of the keying of the radio, as required for CDPD operation. When the KEYMODE bit is set to 1, the ARM/KEY bit actually keys the transmitter. In this mode, the keying of the radio is fully controlled through the I2C interface.
A Watchdog Timer is used to ensure that the radio does not inadvertently become stuck in an unknown state. Toggling the bit WDOG resets the Watchdog Timer. The Watchdog Timer should be reset at least once a second to avoid a reset of the radio. When the WDGRST bit is set, it indicates that a watchdog Reset has occurred.
Writing a 1 to the SLEEP bit places the radio transceiver into a sleep state. Wakeup is automatic when the radio is addressed on the I2C interface. Writing a 1 to the RST bit returns all registers to their Reset state.
Referring to FIG. 7, the ADC/DAC Select register is used to select one of eight channels of the ADC of Figure, and one of eight channels of the DAC of FIG. 3. As seen in FIG. 3, inputs to the ADC include an RSSI signal, a temperature input, and a MOD loopback path. Outputs from the DAC include the PWR, QTUNE (discriminator tuning) and FTUNE (center frequency tuning) signals. Actual data for the ADC and the DAC is read from and written to an ADC/DAC Data register, shown in FIG. 8.
The controller in FIG. 3 is provided with a general-purpose, programmable I/O port. Eight I/O lines are provided for communication/control within the radio. Each of the I/O lines may be configured as an input or an output by setting or resetting the appropriate bits of the IOPORT Direction register of FIG. 9.
In an exemplary embodiment, various ones of the I/O lines are assigned functions as indicated in FIG. 10, showing the IOPORT Data register, and described in the following table:
Receive Audio Mute
Transmit Audio Mute
Transmitter RF disable
(indication of access
Control Channel
Reset the DPROC
TO Synthesizer
Latch enable for
synthesizer programming
Chip Select for serial
Status of the foregoing signals may be monitored on a status line in accordance with a status mask, shown in FIG. 11. The status line is the logical AND of all of the conditions which have their mask bits set.
A Radio Status register is defined as shown in FIG. 12. A LOCK bit indicates whether or not the radio synthesizer is locked. A TXKEY bit indicates whether or not the Transmit Power Amplifier is keyed (turned on) or de-keyed (turned off).
To optimize the speed of serial device access, the serial data interface is implemented as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Referring to FIG. 13, a data write operation begins with a Start bit S, followed by a series of address bits, followed by a Write bit W. The receiving device then acknowledges with an Acknowledge bit A. The sending device then sends a series of bits representing the length of the data to follow. The receiving device acknowledges. The sending device then sends a predetermined number of bits and waits for the receiver's acknowledgement. This sequence of events is repeated until the last quantum of bits has been sent and acknowledged. The sender then sends a Stop bit P.
A read operation is illustrated in FIG. 14. The first portion of a read operation is identical to that of a write operation, through sending of length and receipt of acknowledgement. The device responding to the read request then sends a Start bit S, followed by a series of address bits (corresponding to the requested starting address), followed by a Read bit R. The requesting device then acknowledges with an Acknowledge bit A. The device responding to the read request then sends a predetermined number of bits and waits for the requestor's acknowledgement. This sequence of events is repeated until the last quantum of bits has been sent and acknowledged. The device responding to the read request then sends a Stop bit P.
The construction of the radio transceiver of FIG. 3 makes it inexpensive and hence widely affordable. A family of inexpensive radios may be based on substantially the same platform, each radio using the same baseband modem. Hence a single user might well afford multiple radios corresponding to different wireless services. The radio design does, however, require relatively low-level commands to be issued from the baseband modem to control the radio. The following examples are provided of different command sequences used to perform common operations.
To turn on the radio and have it receive, host software issues the following sequence of commands:
Configure the IOPORT Data and Direction registers.
Set RXON high.
Wait roughly 100 us.
Read the QTUNE value from storage and write it into the DAC that drives the QTUNE line.
Program the synthesizer for the channel to be received, using the signals LE, CLK and DAT. The receiver will deliver a valid DISC signal after about 20 ms.
The synthesizer output is used as the first local oscillator within the received section of the radio transceiver. In the illustrated embodiment, the synthesizer is programmed to operate at the desired receive frequency plus 45.0 MHz. The frequency is reprogrammed for each new channel. More specifically, to load the synthesizer from scratch, two serial bits strings are loaded (a reference divider string and a variable divider string) as follows:
Set LE bit low.
Send the serial bit string using CLK and DAT.
Set LE bit high.
Set LE bit low.
With the receiver on and the synthesizer programmed to the correct channel, a transmit procedure may be started as follows:
Set KEYMODE as appropriate.
Turn on the transmitter exciter by asserting TXON.
Set DPROC_GAIN, FTUNE, TNET and DSP output amplitude values for the desired channel as appropriate based on calibration parameters.
Set the desired RF PWR value based on calibration parameters.
Wait 10 ms after turning on tXON to allow the exciter to stabilize.
When ready to transmit, key the radio in accordance with one of the following procedures.
At the end of transmission, de-key the radio.
Wait 1 ms.
De-assert TXON.
Keying is performed in accordance with either of two distinct mechanisms. The appropriate method is selected using the KEYMODE control bit. When KEYMODE=0, keying of the radio is controlled using the KEY_STATUS interface line, as follows:
Prekey a short time (e.g., 10 ms) before transmission by setting TXON, selecting KEYMODE =0, and setting the KEY/ARM bit. The KEY_STATUS line should be pulled low by the modem at this time as the radio become ready for transmission. The radio awaits a low to high transition on the KEY_STATUS line to key the power amplifier.
To key, the radio KEY_STATUS line is raised high when appropriate according to the medium access procedure. This transition is controlled directly by the modem DSP. At this point, in the case of CDPD, the packet preamble will be started. This will start the transmission.
To de-key, the KEY_STATUS line is lowered at the end of the packet, thus initiating the DEKEY process which involves ramping the power down.
A short time later the transmitter may be fully de-activated by clearing TXON.
When KEYMODE=1, keying of the radio is fully controlled through the I2C interface as follows:
Prekey by setting TXON, selecting KEYMODE=1, with KEY/ARM reset to 0.
Key by setting the KEY/ARM bit, thus enabling the power amplifier. The controller ensures that the data transmission starts when the power amplifier is at full power, accounting for the delay through the PC interface.
De-key by clearing the KEY/ARM bit, thus initiating the ramp-down procedure.
Fully de-activate the transmitter by clearing TXON.
By shifting control functions from the radio to the host computer, the cost of the radio may be significantly reduced. Inexpensive radio modules may be provided, tailored for different uses.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential character thereof. The present description is therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1993
|Aug 6, 1996
|Pacific Communication Sciences, Inc.
|Cellular digtial packet data mobile data base station
|Feb 23, 1995
|Jan 14, 1997
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Device for integration between voice and data radio communication
|Oct 3, 1994
|Apr 15, 1997
|Motorola, Inc.
|Modem having an electromagnetic shield for a controller
|Aug 26, 1996
|Aug 12, 1997
|Nokia Mobile Phones Limited
|Connector assembly for a radio telephone and a computer
|Jun 16, 1994
|Dec 23, 1997
|Apple Computer, Inc.
|Interface for switching plurality of pin contacts to transmit data line and plurality of pin contacts to receive data line to interface with serial controller
|Title not available
|Aug 28, 1989
|Mar 22, 1990
|Intelligence Technology Corporation
|Method and apparatus for controlling transmission of voice and data signals
|May 20, 1994
|Dec 22, 1994
|Mitsui Comtek Corporation
|Pcmcia cellular card adaptable to a portable computer or a cellular phone handset
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 24, 1999
|Jan 18, 2005
|Sierra Wireless, Inc.
|Analog test output switchably connected to PCMCIA connector pin
|Jul 1, 2002
|May 16, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Portable computer
|Oct 28, 1999
|Mar 20, 2007
|Nokia Corporation
|Method for data communication between a wireless device and an electric device, and a data communication device
|Sep 25, 2003
|Apr 7, 2009
|Lee Joseph C
|Wafer mobile phone platform system
|Jul 28, 2006
|May 18, 2010
|Rockwell Collins, Inc.
|System and method of providing antenna specific front ends for aviation software defined radios
|Nov 9, 2010
|Rockwell Collins, Inc.
|System and method of providing automated availability and integrity verification for aviation software defined radios
|Aug 28, 2002
|Feb 8, 2011
|Rockwell Collins, Inc.
|Software radio system and method
|Jun 4, 2013
|Lantiq Deutschland Gmbh
|Fast frequency-hopping transceiver and method
|Mar 19, 2007
|Oct 21, 2014
|Memory Technologies Llc
|Method for data communication between a wireless and an electronic device, and a data communication device
|Feb 26, 2014
|Sep 29, 2015
|Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
|Programmable mixed-signal input/output (IO)
|Oct 20, 2014
|Mar 1, 2016
|Memory Technologies Llc
|Method for data communication between a wireless device and a electronic device, and a data communication device
|Aug 13, 2001
|Feb 20, 2003
|Robert Baranowski
|Wireless module
|Jul 1, 2002
|May 8, 2003
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Portable computer
|Sep 25, 2003
|Mar 31, 2005
|Lee Joseph C.
|Wafer mobile phone platform system
|Apr 12, 2004
|May 12, 2005
|Nokia Corporation
|Open modem - RFU interface
|Jul 24, 2006
|Jan 25, 2007
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Mobile terminal and data providing method thereof
|Jul 25, 2006
|Sep 27, 2007
|Sysair, Inc., A Delaware Corporation
|Cellular PC modem architecture and method of operation
|Mar 19, 2007
|Nov 8, 2007
|Sami Inkinen
|Method for Data Communication between a Wireless Device and an Electronic Device, and a Data Communication Device
|Feb 26, 2014
|Dec 4, 2014
|Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
|Programmable mixed-signal input/output (IO)
|U.S. Classification
|455/557, 455/348, 455/351, 455/553.1, 455/558
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 13, 1996
Owner name: SIERRA WIRELESS, INC., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FUNK, GREGORY JOHN;VANDERHELM, RONALD JOHN;REEL/FRAME:008219/0430
Effective date: 19961105
|Aug 4, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 21, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 6, 2013
Owner name: NETGEAR, INC., CALIFORNIA
Effective date: 20130329
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIERRA WIRELESS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:030556/0939
|Jul 14, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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With a population of over 35,000 Tarzana is located in the heart of the San Fernando Valley, a short distance from Topanga Canyon and Pacific Coast Highway.
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DaVita HealthCare Partners is looking for an experienced Physician Assistant in San Fernando Valley, California.
Physician assistant experienced or interested in pediatrics.
St Joseph Heritage Healthcare, in partnership with St Mary High Desert Medical Group, is recruiting an experienced PA to join an established practice.
Physician Assistant Needed In Family Medicine Setting In Barstow, California


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Phantasmic Cover Songs
Songs covered by Phantasmic
The Billy Idol song "Eyes Without a Face" was covered by Phantasmic on the album " Fluffy Vs. Phantasmic"
Phantasmic songs that have been covered
None yet. Why not add a new one .
We don't have an image for Phantasmic yet. Why not upload one?


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HourlyLess than 30 hrs/week
Intermediate LevelI am looking for a mix of experience and value
I'm looking for a Administrative Assistant who can help in organizing operations for a digital marketing company. We specialize in software integrations, web design, seo, social media and mobile application development. Someone who can help me become more effective and efficient in growing my digital marketing company.
The duties:
1. Manage LinkedIn profile to grow sales (Prepare system for ongoing management)
2. Prepare service package sales proposals (Prepare templates for easy updating).
3. Prepare requirements for sub contractors.
4. Manage sub contractors quality of work and timeliness
I'm looking for a contractor with experience preparing sales proposals, engaging on LinkedIn and project management.
Based on this successful relationship, I'm looking to increase hours or hourly rate as we grow together.
Good luck
Activity on this Job
Last Viewed by Client: 2 years ago
Hired: 1
About the Client
United States
Charlotte 12:02 AM
Jobs Posted
65% Hire Rate, 4 Open Jobs
Over $20,000
Total Spent
240 Hires, 5 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
2,016 Hours


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39 years of experience
Accepting new patients
4615 5th Ave
Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Phone number & directions
Patient Reviews
Patient Reviews ? Write a Review
Overall Rating:
Total Ratings
Total Reviews
he made me feel worse, constant changing meds. i fired him and found another. worst doctor i have ever seen, in my opinion.
Asks the right questions and is a good listener. Very straightforward.
I've seen other therapists since Dr. Berlin and no one is as patient and intelligent. I had a great experience in his care.
Ive struggled with depression for a long time, and seen a lot of psychiatrists. Dr. Berlin has been the best of the bunch. He took the time to listen to my concerns and was very helpful in my sorting out some troubling family situations. He was able to come up with a better medication strategy than other MDs Id seen. He returned phone calls. He took the time to talk to my other providers. Most of all, hes genuinely helped. Highly recommended and appreciated.
Aside from any good intentions, I would look at this doctor as an example of what to avoid in choosing a psychiatrist. I felt like a guinea-pig as he stubbornly prescribed med-after med to treat what he insisted was bipolar disorder but was later correctly diagnosed and treated as OCD by another doctor (after I terminated with him). And he continued this approach even after I insisted that I had OCD - eventually stating that I was "resistant to treatment" - sure: his treatment. But it does beg the question of why I would need to go through his various med regimens including Lithium, Lamictal, Seroquel, Risperdal, Geodon and taken off Prozac and Klonopin only to find out with another physiatrist that all symptoms presented were easily treated with initially 40 mg of Prozac and 1 mg of Klonopin and currently with just 50 mg of Pristiq. It seems to be a tradition in psychiatry that psychiatrists do not like to change a diagnosis once they have labeled you with one - if they do, then it essentially proves that they were initially wrong. I take the whole episode with this doctor as part of lessons learned in life, one of them being that it is helpful to evaluate a psychiatrist as closely as they SHOULD evaluate you.
I would not recommend this doctor for marriage counseling.


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Ashley Greene Tattoo: Life's a Dance!
While fans still ponder the meaning of the latest Justin Bieber tattoo, Twilight Saga star Ashley Greene has come out with some fresh ink and it's message is clear:
"Life a Dance!"
While fans still ponder the meaning of the latest Justin Bieber tattoo, Twilight Saga star Ashley Greene has come out with some fresh ink and it's message is clear:
"Life a Dance!"
It's the topic that simply can't be avoided.
While promoting the final installment of The Twilight Saga, actors and actresses continue to be asked about Kristen Stewart cheating on Robert Pattinson, with Dakota Fanning recently sticking up for her castmate and asking:
Ashley Greene is featured on the cover of yet another magazine.
In her push to promote the final installment of The Twilight Saga, this beauty has already talked dating with Marie Claire and gone retro for British GQ.
Ashley Greene covers the December issue of British GQ.
And you may need to take an extra long coffee break to enjoy these photos, fellas. Click to enlarge now and consider yourself warned:
THG is counting down the 100 Hottest Bikini Bodies of 2012!
From now until the end of the year, we'll be paying tribute to the hottest of the hot with bikini photos galore. The competition is guaranteed to be sweltering.
Ashley Greene is a single young woman once again. Go ahead and celebrate, men of the world.
The Twilight Saga beauty, who just gave an interview in which she detailed the difficulty of dating in Hollywood, has split from Broadway star Reeves Carney.
In just a couple years, thanks to a certain enormous movie franchise, Ashley Greene has become a household name.
But the Twilight Saga beauty - who is locked in a VERY close Who Would You Rather with Olivia Wilde - makes it very clear in the November issue of Marie Claire: she is NOT a changed young woman.
Prepare for an impossible question, fellas:
Would you rather go for a Wilde ride in the sack? Or make your friends Greene with envy?
Full speed... behind?
Following a statement from Summit Entertainment in which the studio said it was moving "full speed ahead" with its original outline for the upcoming Breaking Dawn press tour - despite a certain publicized breakup - plans appear to have changed.
They are both brunette and beautiful and they both portray vampires on popular TV/movie franchises.
They're also both posing seductively in the pages of Esquire.
Ashley Greene is featured in the latest issue of Cosmopolitan, and let's just get this out of the way: the spread is nowhere near as hot as the photos of this Twilight Saga star in Esquire.
But few things in life are.
Kate Upton who?!?
In a clear challenge to that swimsuit model for the title of Sexiest Summer Starlet, Ashley Greene has posed for the August issue of Esquire and, by doing so, has issued a warning to men around the world:


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This review is from: GUSTARD DAC-X12 ES9018 XMOS Balance DAC 32Bit / 384KHz DSD DOP Decoder
Pros: Truly an amazing DAC. Timbre, Air and soundstage are rendered better than anything I have heard on my system. Compared this DAC to PS Audio DL III on my system and no A/B was necessary. It is clearly Superior.
Test System:
Source: HiFiBerry Digi
Preamp: Pass Labs X1
Amp: Pass Labs X150
Speakers: Martin Logan Vista
Interconnects: Audioquest Topaz
Cons: Backlighting on display only lights up upon power on. Since I leave it on, it never backlights. Backlighting should at least come back on when changing input bitrate.
That Being said, I prefer this behavior to some of the garish lighting seen on much audio equipment. For Love of Pete, can we get away from the Blue LED lighting?
Other Thoughts: will Follow up when able to compare it to other devices available to me for comparisonREAD FULL REVIEW
This review is from: DoubleSight DS-307W Black 30" 7ms Pivot & Swivel Adjustable Widescreen LCD Monitor with IPS Panel Techology 370 cd/m2 1000:1
Pros: Excellent Image quality
Heavy Duty Construction
Cons: controls clunky, but you only need to set them once
did not ding an egg for this
Other Thoughts: Bought for wife but now I want one for my rig.
Needed new KVM switch as it needs DVI dual channel to run
This review is from: Intel LAD865GVIPL Intel Celeron M @ 1.3GHz Socket 478 Intel 865GV Micro ATX Motherboard/CPU Combo
Pros: This is aquestion to people who own this board.
the photos show sata cable is included. There do not appear to be sata connectors on the board. Two PATA connectors are seen, but the specs say there is only one PATA channel. What kind of I/O does this really have?
Cons: cannot find the manual onlineREAD FULL REVIEW


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28 Months Later isn't an impossibility, but there certainly aren't any plans for it right now. 28 Days Later, Sunshine and Trance director Danny Boyle recently spoke to Wired and he seemed fairly uninterested in pursuing the series – saying that there's a only 40/60 chance of it getting made.
" Who would have thought? I don't like zombie movies. I never did. We took a genre and fucked with it. Zombie aficionados, they're quite precious with all their rules. Like with running: "They don't do that!" Of course there are so many manifestations of zombies now, the rule book has gone out the window. I saw one episode of The Walking Dead, and it was very gripping. But the zombies were stumbling around again, which I hate. Given what we've just been talking about, it's very difficult to know whether zombies are overexposed now as a concept. So it's 40/60 whether it happens or not."
Lest you despair, it's not completely off the table. "But we did have an idea of where to set it and what it might be about."
Still, you know – probably not.
this sucks. i've been praying that there would be a 3rd movie. Boyle said (during SLUMDOG's press junkets) he turned in a treatment or a script/story for the 3rd movie.
and what he said about zombie purists is 100% spot on. purists of any kind are really annoying. "zombies don't run" "zombies can do this" "the infected in 28 DAYS LATER aren't zombies"…
blah blah blah. fuck off. they are a sub-genre of the zombie genre. i hope this 3rd movie does indeed come to fruition. also i find the infected in these movies far scarier than any zombies in THE WALKING DEAD.
I agree about the zombie popular opinion being pointless. Before Romero there were voodoo zombies, and there wasn't any flesh eating and they could have been fully alive, just doing their master's biddings. There were never any rules, there was only lazy fiction writers refusing to step out of the box and stubborn fans wanting to see the same fictional thing again and again. If your zombies talk. Fine. If they run. Fine. If they just sit on a couch eating chips. Fine. I don't care, as long as it is a great tale told well. I can even do with unoriginal, as long as there is something engaging about it. And I can wait twenty years for a sequel if there is a lot of thought into how to make it stand out and not be like everyone else's zombie movie.
Pixie, EXACTLY!! 🙂
The infected in 28/Days/Weeks aren't zombies, though. It's not too hard to find quotes from Danny Boyle stating as much. In the same way that Werewolves aren't zombies, and neither are bananas. Surely, you need some form of definition for anything, or else how do you know what it is?
the infected in 28 DAYS/WEEKS LATER are a sub-genre of the zombie-genre. bottom line.
I second djb with a high five and a slap on the butt. Danny Boyles whole comment just shows that his heart isn't into it. I always enjoyed movies that went against the grain (at the time), like the other 28 day movies. Now he seems like if he did it, it would just be for a paycheck. But thats just me.
*sigh* I guess I can start breathing again. Still, Im holding onto the hope that this will happen some day but I should really start letting go of this, Halloween 3, and Jeepers Creepers 3 lol
H3 and jeepers creepers 3 would kick ass!!! haha
I will be waiting for Jeepers Creepers 3 until the day I die lol.
ehh, 28 days later was pretty damn good. but the sequal did not match its excitment. will a 3rd film make up for the 2nd? or just flop?
People forget there were running zombies back in the 80's. Return of the Living Dead and that Italian film where they come off a plane and use weapons and … that was a really odd flick.
Nightmare City. That's the one. Thanks to my wife for remembering. She's very proud of herself, right now.
Indeed, and people also forget that there were running zombies in the original Night and Dawn.
I might agree with Night, as they were mostly freshly dead. However, Dawn was the group attacking. I'll have to re-watch Night.
Nightmare City doesn't have zombies. Like 28 Days/Weeks they are not dead. Return Of The Living Dead is a spoof. Dawn doesn't have a single running zombie. The Graveyard Zombie in Night stumbles, he isn't running full speed. Sorry, for actually knowing about a genre and giving a shit about it 😀
the infected in 28 DAYS/WEEKS LATER are a sub-genre of the zombie-genre. bottom line :).
Please explain how Nightmare City is not a zombie film. Yes, Return was a "spoof", but it was a zombie flick. Please tell me how it was explained that the dead people in Nightmare City were not zombies, please.
And writing off Return as just a "spoof" is kind of idiotic. That movie made zombie flicks a box office draw. Day of The Dead dropped dead, which is unfortunate, as it's my favorite Romero Dead flick. If you want to attack a "spoof" zombie flick, you go to Return 2, which was horrible.
Would love to see 28 months later get made, 28 days/weeks are both great.
I find it interesting that a director who obviously knows genre cinema well doesn't get why zombies are supposed to move slow. Shaun Pegg wrote an excellent article on the subject (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/nov/04/television-simon-pegg-dead-set).
Having said that, I still love the runners (loved Dead Set too), but they are definitely their own monster and don't represent the 'slow-creep' which make classic zombie films what they are.
And I meant Simon Pegg not Shaun Pegg ha.
I love that he uses the word zombies so many times. I was so tired of the people whining "THEY AREN'T ZOMBIES!" XD Take that, people. From the horse's mouth. They're fuckin' zombies. Anyways, this will get made. We just have to wait, that's all. I'm used to that so it's no biggie.
But they weren't zombies. They were infected. For anybody to say it's otherwise is bullshit. I love 28 Days/Weeks Later. But there's a good reason they move the way they do.
the infected in 28 DAYS/WEEKS LATER are a sub-genre of the zombie-genre. bottom line. 🙂
Yes, but they are not, technically zombies. They're not dead, bottom line. Love ya, DJ!
Zombies do not have to be dead. Who made that rule?
The new zombies. The old Haitian zombies were still alive, the new ones die and come back to life. Like Jesus.
🙁 I really enjoyed the first two and wondered when 28 mos. was coming.
I really despise the slow, shuffling Zombies of 'The Walking Dead' and much prefer the quick, aggressive Infected of '28 Days/Weeks Later', which are not even zombies at all.
Also, to anyone who is saying that they were, in fact, Zombies in 28 Days/Weeks Later, you are WRONG. A Zombie, by definition is "A soulless corpse said to be revived by witchcraft, esp. in certain African and Caribbean religions". If it is not dead, it cannot be a Zombie. End of discussion.
Haitian zombies were not dead. Do yourself a favor and watch or read Serpent and the Rainbow.
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Skip to comments.SUPPOSED GREEK AND HEBREW RESEMBLANCES OF ANCIENT HAWAIIANS
Posted on 09/02/2009 7:38:32 AM PDT by Nikas777
' And the august abode from whence they came.'
Speculations as to an Eastern emigration are scarcely more than glanced at here; and it may appear almost superfluous to refer to two groundless hypotheses which have been formedthe first, that Greek remains have been discovered in South America, and that faint vestiges of Greece are also traceable in the islands of Hawaii. The other supposition is that of the Hawaiian race being of Hebrew origin, and that these islanders represent the lost tribes of the house of Israel.
(Excerpt) Read more at books.google.com ...
This also touches upon my love of arcane theories that were once popular but seem to have died off as time went by. This falls into the ancient voyages category and people forget that the Victorians seemed to think all people they found with some culture with the Lost Tribes of Israel as well as them seeing evidence of ancient Phoenician, Greek and Roman civilization. The Greeks - maybe the sailors of Alexander's navy - washing up on Hawaii (with crews of Phoenicians and Hebrews) was popular idea at the time because of the similarities listed in this book.
With regard to Greek resemblances, they may be classed under the following heads. First, the form of the feather helmet of the chiefs, which bears a considerable likeness to the metal casque and crest of the Grecians. Secondly, the employment of the dual number in the Hawaiian language. Thirdly, the use of the spear and the bow and arrow, and the recumbent position at meals. Fourthly, sortilege by the entrails of slain animals before battle.
As to the form of the helmet, it is probably a mere coincidence. A covering for the head will generally conform to the shape of the head (although the hats worn in Europe are a large exception to such a rule); and hence some resemblance must be established. As defensive armour, the Hawaiian helmet was useless, being formed of feathers closely arranged on a network. The people, instead of using armour in war, like the Greeks, went into battle with nothing on but the maro, a girdle round the loins,the smallest quantity oflothing conceivable. They used no shield, and it was the chiefs only who wore the feather helmets, and that for distinction and as insignia of their rank.
The dual form in speaking may have been introduced into the language by the native courtesy which characterises the chiefs, and have been followed by plebeians in the same manner in which ' you' has superseded 'thou' in the speech of Europe. The Hawaiians had a double form of dual for their pronoun ; the first including the speaker and the spoken-to, the second embracing the speaker and the person spoken-of.* In other respects there is little in common in the two languages. The Hawaiian alphabet contains only seven consonants f and five vowels. It has no sibilants,} or sound equivalent to the / or <£. It is so destitute of consonant diphthongs that the natives cannot pronounce two consonants together without the interposition of a vowel; and their words have invariably a vowel termination.
With regard to the bow and arrow, although these instruments are complex and involve a practical acquaintance with some physical laws, the weapon is found so frequently among savage nations as well as civilised that one is almost tempted to say that the bow and arrow is an innate idea. The recumbent position at meals may have been experimentally found an easy one in a warm climate, and have suited well with a people whose indoles is indolence.
Sortilege by the entrails of slain animals is more difficult to account for.
There are a few words having au apparent similarity to the Greek. Little weight, however, is due to a small number of coincident vocables in two languages, when the proper deduction is made for necessity and accident. The following examples have been adduced: Hawaiian. English. Greek.
mele a song
aroha love
arii a chief "Ap>jc.
rani the heavens ovpav6s.
mahina the moon ^v.
The similarity of sound in the last example is greater than is at first apparent. When the universal terminal vowel is thrown off, the two first syllables, pronounced quickly, come very near the Greek word for month. The three words which in the list contain the letter r, lose their resemblance to the Greek when written with an I, which has been invariably substituted in modern orthography for the former letter.
The number of customs among the Hawaiians corresponding to Hebrew practices is admitted at once to be very remarkable. But even if such proofs were considered strong enough to substantiate the fact of Jews having reached the islands, it would not necessitate an emigration from the Mediterranean; the probability would be as great of their course having been in the opposite direction. As, however, the tribes of North America have been claimed to have a Hebrew origin, the points of Jewish resemblance may be properly enumerated here. These consisted of
1. Circumcision, which, previous to the establishment of the American missionaries, was commonly practised among the natives as a religious ceremony.
2. Separation and purification of women after childbirth, &c., enforced under penalty of death.
3. Cities of refuge,an institution found in no other heathen nation.
4. Pollution by touching a dead body, and purification therefrom by religious ceremonies.
5. Offering of the first-fruits to their gods.
6. Wearing sackcloth in mourning.
7. The custom of the chiefs of washing their hands before and after eating.
8. Traditions resembling those in the Hebrew Scriptures.
9. A resemblance which Mr. Dibble perceived between the poetry of the Hebrews and the Hawaiians; and a structural likeness in the two languages, especially in the causative form of the Hawaiian verb, which is precisely the same as the Hiphil of the Hebrew.*
Of the similarity of the native traditions to the histories of the Old Testament, the following examples will serve; and they are probably the most striking that Mr. Dibble could adduce.
Hawaiian tradition relates, that man was originally made of the dust of the earth, by Kane and Kanaloa, two of their principal deities.
In the story of Waikelenuiaiku, we have a pretty close counterpart of that of Joseph. His father had ten
* ' The Hawaiians have no auxiliary verb "to be;" there are no variations in nouns for case, number, or person ; but the moods and tenses of verbs are pretty clearly distinguished by simple prefixes an.l suffixes. The mode of conjugating verbs, the existence of a causative form, and the derivation of words from roots of two syllables, arc thought to indicate a resemblance and cognate origin with the Hebrew and other Oriental tongues.'Chccver, Life in the S. Islands. London. 1851.
Mr. Cheever also remarks a coincidence relating to the very frequent addition of the word wai to names of places, and the similar addition in the East of wadf, both words meaning water,the changed Hawaiian form arising from a consistent rejection of consonants where practicable.
sons and one daughter. He was beloved by his father and hated by his brethren, who cast him into a pit; his eldest brother having, moreover, a greater pity for him than the rest. He escaped into a country, the king of which was Kamohoalii, by whom he was confined in a dark place underground, together with many persons imprisoned there for various crimes. Whilst in prison he bid his companions dream, and he interpreted the dreams of four of them. One had seen a ripe ohia, and his spirit ate it; the second saw a ripe banaua, which his spirit ate; the third had seen a hog, which his spirit ate; the fourth dreamed that he saw awa, that he pressed out the juice, and his spirit drank it. Like Joseph, he interpreted the three first visions unfavourably to their dreamers, and they were afterwards slain; to the last he gave an interpretation of deliverance and life, and he was accordingly saved. The king being informed by this person of the wonderful powers of Waikelenuiaiku, the latter was liberated and made a principal chief in the kingdom.
There is also a tradition of a person who, like Jonah, was swallowed by a fish, and afterwards cast out upon dry land.
The natives also believed that a state of perpetual night, or chaos, had preceded creation, in which antecedent state nothing existed but some of the gods. The myth relating to Maui, a demi-god, has an analogy to Joshua when he commanded the sun to stand still. This same Maui was an important person in the Pantheon of New Zealand. The Hawaiians preserved a tradition of a deluge, when rain fell, and the waters rose up until all the land was covered, except the summit of Mauna Kea. Some of the inhabitants saved themselves in a laau, a vessel the height, length, and breadth of which were equal; it was filled with men, animals, and their food; and after floating for some time, finally rested on the mountain Mauna Kea.
It must be remembered, however, that whilst these myths of the Hawaiians bear a considerable resemblance to the relations of the Hebrew Scriptures, the evidence of their coming from Jewish sources is not conclusive. The belief of the North American Indians in a Great Spirit, has been regarded as the inheritance of ages: Captain Burton, in his recent work on the Mormon States, looks upon it as derived from the teaching of Christian missionaries, and denies that the Indian theology embraced any notion of the immortality of the soul. These traditions of Hawaii (it may as easily be supposed), have arisen from casual intercourse with Europeans. It is unnecessary to remark, that in Hawaiian society, as in that of the Greek heroic age, a very short time will suffice to impart an air of antiquity to recently imported legends.
A great danger, too, exists in claiming cognation between two distant peoples from the coincidence of a few words in both languages. The Persian name for slipper is said to be almost the same as the North American Indian word, mocassin. This coincidence should not be allowed to prove that the Persians and the Indians of 'Canada are kindred. The Sanscrit name tala (wine made from the juice of palms), closely resembles the Hawaiian name of their universal edible, talo; but we do not thence jump at the conclusion that the Polynesian language is a derivative of the Sanscrit; The human organs of voice are the same throughout our race, and are only capable of producing a certain number of sounds and articulations, the great majority of which articulations are common to all people, and must be employed by them in expressing ideas. Then, if the copia verborum of each of two nations consisted of 5000 separate words, there would he several probabilities of coincidence, viz., that in each language the same articulation should be used to express one idea, and that only accidentally; and the chances of selection in the case of onomatopes would be still greater. The coincidence, therefore, of a few corresponding words is a meagre proof of identity of nations.*
There was an episode of "Magnum, P.I." about this.
Plumed helmet worn by the great chieftains
There was?
Yes, really!
"As, however, the tribes of North America have been claimed to have a Hebrew origin..."
I thought disproved this.
This book is from the 1880s. It is posted more to discuss old theories and how people thought back then. You are correct that the Indians as Hebrews theory is proven false.
Hence the island "Oyahu."
Heh :)
There was a huge push in the late Renaissance through the Victorian era for rulers in Europe to somehow establish a religious authority of their rule or country by claiming some sort of descent from Israel or the early church. They wanted to prove their nation was ordained by God and in many cases, made up entire lineages and histories. Many of these are still being used a source material in modern Anglo-Israeli type groups and beliefs. For example, the Scottish historian(sic) Sir Lawrence Gardner has written and documented extensively from these old documents how Scotland was actually the 'new Jerusalem' and the Scottish kings were the rightful rulers of Britain through such (as well as a bunch of other nutty connections.)
It makes for fascinating fiction, but only if you understand it as such and the motivation behind it.
Having been to both Hawaii and Israel I can easily determine which place I would have put the "Chosen" people.
I once was unfortunately acquainted with a very pretentious and apparently gay Hawaiian, who was called "Princess Pu Pu Platter" behind his back, by a few local wags.
Does this count?
Amazing the things people come up with. I've seen works (that aren't even from British Israelists!) purporting to show a link between the English and Hebrew languages.
FWIW, the latest evidences actually suggest the Polynesians may have migrated east FROM the western coast of the Americas.
I think the actor Yaphet Kotto comes from an African tribe that bought into the lost tribes mythology the English missionaries pushed.
I read somewhere that geneticists also doubt the science behind the Lemba of South Africa and the Cohen gene but I am going by memory on that one. The Lemba also only stared to talk about being a Lost Tribe of Israel only after British missionaries told them that they were.
Now you also have actual Jewish rabbies going to these self identified 'lost tribes' and 'converting' them as well - also for political reasons.
Old news. Tom Hanks made a documentary about the Waponi Tribe several years ago.
I've seen a "genealogy" of my own paternal line, going back from England, to Wales, to Ireland, to Milesia/Spain, to Scythia and eventually to Japheth, son of Noah.
These things were quite fashionable at one time.
It'd be great to have my line firmly established that far, lol, or even beyond the 1400's, but the plague years really wrecked record keeping, and people were forced to move around, uncharacteristic for the time.
All I have from before then, is the earliest known recorded instance of the surname, from the presumed progenitor, found in the Templar Inquisition of 1185.
...The genetic material was analyzed for the genetic markers that have been found in the Jews. Similar to the general Jewish population, the Cohen Modal Haplotype was found in nearly 10% of all Lemba men. In addition, the Cohen Modal Haplotype was found in nearly half of the men in the Buba tribe...
Awesome info - I will look that up.
What I read is that geneticists don't think there is a the Cohen Modal Haplotype but I lack the info to add more to this. I of course could be remembering this all wrong. I will google what I can and see if my memory is correct.
One source of early confusion was a widespread popular notion that only Cohens or only Jews could have the Cohen Modal Haplotype. It is now clear that this is not the case. The Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH), whilst notably frequent amongst Cohens, is also far from unusual in the general populations of haplogroups J1 and J2 with no particular link to the Cohen ancestry. These haplogroups occur widely throughout the Middle East and beyond [8],[9]. So whilst many Cohens have haplotypes close to the CMH, a greater number of such haplotypes worldwide belong to people with no likely Cohen connection at all.
LOL! Pieface, poiface, same thing, with the colorful NC "Hoid Coonty" (Hyde County) "hoi toide" (high tide) accent. They're oot and aboot just like a Canadian, lol.
Yes, that is the Pineappler Rebbe.
Not to mention the well-known song: "Aloha Oy Vey"
Not really. That theory was popular back in the 30s and 40s, popularized by Thor Heyerdahl.
There are some intriguing issues that indicate some contact, but my understanding is that both genetic and linguistic studies point pretty clearly to Taiwan as the "original" home of the people who became the Polynesians.
If you have other references, I'd be interested in seeing them.
Thanks Nikas777 and Albion Wilde.
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Well there you are. Anything on Magnum about Hawaii is enough for me.
Or maybe the ancient Cohens simply got around to more households than were Jewish.
Know what I mean? *nudge, nudge,wink wink*
One of my college friends was from Hawaii. The show cracked her up.
Was the Magnum episode about Greeks in Hawaii or Hebrews in Hawaii or both?
But because of bad science and religion we have a people - the Lemba now forever linked to the lost tribe of Israel.
It would probably have been better for Gerard, though not for poetry, if the family had actually lived in Hawaii, rather than London.
I think you are correct.
Wasn't there a TV documentary on the Lemba where they were trying to prove or disprove the Lemba 'cultural memory' of a connection with the Jews in their history.
I thought the show said the DNA showed their was some similarity in the DNA gene sequence. A random and rogue gene might not mean anything—but combine it with an oral history passed down from generation to generation over a thusand years or so and it makes me think there is something there.
People who are steeped in our modern written histories often deride these old cultural myths and legends passed down in an oral tradition, but remember the Hawaiian oral traditions about the sailing exploits of their ancestors from Tahiti turned out to be correct as I recall.
Oh, I thought she meant Greek Hybrids in Hawaii. My mistake.
One source of early confusion was a widespread popular notion that only Cohens or only Jews could have the Cohen Modal Haplotype (like was found amongst the Lemba). It is now clear that this is not the case. The Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH), whilst notably frequent amongst Cohens, is also far from unusual in the general populations of haplogroups J1 and J2 with no particular link to the Cohen ancestry. These haplogroups occur widely throughout the Middle East and beyond [8],[9]. So whilst many Cohens have haplotypes close to the CMH, a greater number of such haplotypes worldwide belong to people with no likely Cohen connection at all.
I was talking about the plot of this Magnum PI episode.
Greeks in Hawaii. Only Magnum helped prove that it wasn't Greeks, but independent development of the Polynesian culture.
You had to be there. Tom Selleck was terrifyingly gorgeous around 1981 ...
Just jacking with ya. You will find that i'm seldom serious about ancient stuff and the bushwa that 'experts' put out.
Sunken civ and I do a lot of puns and other stupid stuff so its safe to ignore me most of the time.
Politics is somethine else.
No there is no "proof" of where hawaiians came from just like theres no proof where maori (new zealand) came from etc. in truth no polyneisans are originally from where they are now.. all polynesian ethnicities have stories of navigation to their final destination from another place, and most of those stories give the same name as the navigator.. Hawai'i iki / havaiki etc. (hawai'i was named after said navigator). the only polynesians with no back story of travel from some place else is samoans which leads many to believe that all polynesians originated from samoa. theres also supposed "proof" although its bogus as far as im concerned about DNA and tracing polynesians back to parts of asia. These tests should be ignored because A.) supposedly the people tested didnt verify they were of full blooded polynesian descent. B.) theres evidence to suggest that cook wasnt the first to "find" hawaii and infact spanish had found it hundreds of years previous and through their travels people not of polynesian descent ie: asians & hispanics etc ethnicity were left (by choice or otherwise) on various islands throughout polynesia and eventually had offspring with the polynesians living on those islands, which throws the DNA testing off quite a bit as you can imagine.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Have you ever purchased from PartSelect.com before?
Thank you for helping make our site better.
PartSelect Number PS11748729
This part includes the black handle, latch and 2 switches. This part is a simple on/off mechanism that prohibits the dishwasher from operating when the door is open.
NOTE: White handle is no longer available.
This part works with the following brands: Whirlpool, Admiral, Estate, Inglis, Kenmore, KitchenAid, Roper, Maytag, Crosley, Jenn-Air, Hardwick, Magic Chef, Amana, Caloric & Glenwood.
This part fixes the following symptoms:
Replaced the door latch. This process was an easy repairjob. My wife did all the repair work while I played a round of golf! I gave her a HUG when I returned home!
Help other customers find the most helpful instructions.
Were these instructions helpful?
Looked part up on this site, ordered at 11:00am, received it next afternoon.Turned electric off, removed the screws on the door with a Torx screwdriver, unplugged the old assembly and installed the new one, put the screws back in and turned on the power.I then ran a rinse to make sure everything worked.Very simple fix.Thanks for a very helpful website.
This is the 4th time the latch broke on our dishwasher. We paid someone the first time, my husband fixed it the other two times, he is out of state so I had to do it this time. I took the screws out of the door and looked inside and saw it would probably be easy. Then when I got the part and put it in, it was beyond easy. The hardest part was to take the plugs off of each side, they were a little stuck and then putting them on the new handle was easy. The door had a place where the part rested and then you put the door back together. Those screws hold in place and it was done. Run down-screws out, plugs off old, plugs on new, set in place, door together, screws in, done. Works beautifully.
Removed the power scource then the torx screws around the inside door liner. Then removed the two wires from each of the two switches on the latch assy. Connected the wires to the new latch assembly and put in place. The screws around the inner door lining hold the unit in place. Easy! Easy!
I followed the instructions and illustrations which were on your web site. They were excellent and it made the job easy. Thanks-Tom
East repair. Take screws out of door,pull out handle assemly, unplug (one connector broke, so glad I got entire assemly),plug in new one, put screwsback in, done.
It is difficult to remove the electrical connection from the old unit. The replacement was otherwise simple.
took all the screws of the inside panel out and the door handle switch came with it, so simple. the new handle is a better design and I got the parts in 4 days it was great service
Replacing the latch was easy. Removed the (11) torx head screws from inside of door pannel to get to the latch. Unplug the two wire connectors from the switches on the latch assembly, replace latch assembly with the new one. Plug in the wires to assembly and put it in place, replace the screws in the panel and the repair is complete. The repair was as easy as ordering the part.Two thumbs up for Part Select!!!
I used the video and the repair was a snap. Just unplug the dishwasher, take our the screws, engage the new latch, unplug the old latch and install the new one. The video was great.
removed 10 bolts with allen wrench, loosened 2 wires, replaced assembly
take the inside panel off unplug and replace
The repair was very easy. The only problem was the old switches on the old unit could not be removed so I had to use the old switches on the new handle.
After turning off the circuit breaker, we opened the door and removed the door panel screws. From there it was very simple to swap the new part for the old one. It was not necessary to remove the dishwasher from under the counter or get under the kick panel or the sink. The PartSelect how-to video on the repair was very helpful.
Following the video instructions was very easy. I had to run out to buy a special star shaped screw driver (x20) in order to remove screws on the door. Quick repair.
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text: The high school soccer season is only a little more than a week old, but there have already been some significant milestones set. METS Charter of Jersey City won its first ever game on Friday. Timothy Christian coach William Bills is on the verge of his 1,000th win in a 39-year career which has seen him coach soccer, baseball and basketball at the Middlesex County school. In addition, we take a look at some the best game's coming up this week.


text:
Archinect - News 2016-09-29T16:36:12-04:00 http://archinect.com/news/article/135726962/massive-renovation-of-u-n-headquarters-improves-security-but-sacrifices-hammarskj-ld-library Massive renovation of U.N. Headquarters improves security but sacrifices Hammarskjöld Library Alexander Walter 2015-09-02T13:46:00-04:00 >2015-09-02T13:46:15-04:00
When the 70th regular session of the General Assembly convenes on Sept. 15, it will do so in a complex of buildings that hasn't looked so good or felt so secure in generations. "We now have a very safe compound," said Michael Adlerstein, [...] executive director of a seven-year, $2.15 billion renovation, known as the capital master plan, that is nearing completion. More visible than anything else is the robust yet crystalline new glass facade of the 39-story Secretariat building.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <meta> http://archinect.com/news/article/24562734/maki-and-fxfowle-get-to-work-on-u-n-tower Maki and FXFowle Get to Work on U.N. Tower HotSoup 2011-10-20T14:24:00-04:00 >2012-11-09T17:02:11-05:00
[FXFowle Principal Dan] Kaplan explained that much of the design work had been completed for a 35-story tower on the site, and while it will not change significantly, it does require some updating.

 Following a land deal with New York City, the U.N. is back to work on building a new tower to house its operations across the street from the under-renovation U.N. Secretariat. Fumihiko Maki, who was selected in a Pritzker-only competition in 2004, is back to work on the project, along with local partner FXFowle.


text:
Reload the page and try again.
They can be slow at times but they get the job done.
There are always computers available.
The college isn't great if you have super new appliances, such as a brand new laptop or smartphone, nor is it set up for apple computers, generally. Otherwise the computers are fine.
The wifi isn't that dependable. We will have campus wide crashes that can last a while.
Plenty of labs, still can always use your own laptop
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There are a bunch of computer labs in each of the buildings. They can get pretty crowded at certain times during the day, and they frequently run out of paper, so it isn't recommended that students try to print things out last minute. It's highly suggested that students bring their own computers, laptop or desktop. Printers aren't exactly necessary, but they do make things easier for procrastinators and just for everyday use. The college store is stocked with most kinds of ink cartridges and paper sizes, so having a personal printer isn't too difficult to maintain.
ITS (Information and Technology Services) is generally very helpful. Sometimes the student helpers are a little inexperienced, but they mostly do a good job. It usually takes a bit of time, however, so it's best to have important works backed up on a USB drive. Their service is free and usually efficient, so if a student does have computer problems, they are definitely the people to go to first. As for the network, it's generally reliable. They do have a few problems each semester where the network shuts down for a few hours, or where it runs slow from too much activity, but it's ordinarily reliable and fast.
Non-registered users are limited to 5 school profile page views per month.
Register for free to gain full access!


text:
2014 IP Record Shows Continued Growth for Design Patent Filings
According to Business Wire, on September 12, 2016, Samsung Bioepis announced that it has added Canada to its growing list of jurisdictions in which it has received regulatory approval for its biosimilar of Amgen's Enbrel®...more
Six years after the biosimilar pathway was enacted into law, FDA has approved three biosimilars for marketing in the US. Sandoz's Zarxio, a biosimilar of Amgen's Neupogen, was the first biosimilar to be approved. Zarxio, a...more
As we have written about before, the difference between technology companies and automotive companies is getting smaller and smaller. That trend continues to progress.
Samsung Electronics Ltd. is closer to becoming an...more
On July 22, 2016, Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration approved Samsung Bioepis's biosimilar of Amgen's Enbrel (etanercept), which is approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Samsung Bioepis's product, called...more
The plaintiff, Odyssey Wireless ("Odyssey") filed four separate actions for patent infringement against Defendants Apple, Samsung, LG, and Motorola, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,881,393; 8,199,837; 8,576,940;...more
Showtime and Top Rank Slug It out over "Fight of the Century" -
Who said boxing was dead?
Fight fans still bitter over the May 2015 Floyd Mayweather–Manny Pacquiao bout that was far more mega-bore than mega-brawl...more
To the surprise of no one, Instagram is pretty popular; Samsung puts a billion dollars into the Internet of Things; the FCC's trying to decide if radio noise is a problem; and there's an approach to virtual reality that won't...more
At the Annual European Congress on Rheumatology (EULAR 2016), held last week in London, Samsung Bioepis presented new clinical data on its etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab biosimilars. According to a press release from...more
Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd., announced that the FDA has accepted its first biosimilar application submitted in the United States. The candidate, SB2, references Janssen's Remicade® (infliximab), which treats several ailments,...more
Several companies cast an eye toward the Internet of Things, Twitter's AI gets pretty good at live video, some industry giants get behind the driverless car, and more …
Samsung launches a place in the cloud just for...more
PTAB Not Bound by Prior District Court Ruling on § 101 -
On March 30, 2016, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) issued a Final Written Decision in a case captioned Samsung...more
Expert's Failure to Disclose Certain Materials Relied upon in Forming Opinion Warrants Mistrial -
On February 29, 2016, Judge Robert Payne of the Eastern District of Virginia declared a mistrial as...more
California Court to PGA Tour Caddies: You'll Get Nothing and Like It!
As the full swing of the PGA season rounds the corner, and with the azaleas blooming at Augusta, the trusted confidants of golf's premier players...more
In a case involving suits, countersuits and multiple appeals by the two giants of the mobile phone space, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed a jury's finding of infringement, voiding the accompanying...more
Defendants contend that the report erred in finding that the factual allegations provided a plausible basis for inferring induced infringement because it incorrectly concluded that defendants had actual knowledge of the...more
When we last left our story, Jedi combatants Apple and Samsung were circling the Supreme Court imploring it to review their dispute involving design patents—an area of the law that the Court has not touched in over a century....more
The plaintiff, Samsung, filed a motion for an order regarding the presentation of evidence. Samsung's proposal included a "six-stage" process for presenting the evidence. In support of the proposal, Samsung argued that the...more
This week, in Samsung Electronics Co. v. Apple Inc., No. 15-777, the Supreme Court granted Samsung's petition for certiorari and agreed to hear the case about Apple's smartphone design patents in its upcoming term. This will...more
The Supreme Court of the United States issued one per curiam decision on March 21, 2016:
Caetano v. Massachusetts, No. 14-10078: Massachusetts enacted a law prohibiting the possession of stun guns. That law was upheld...more
Fallon, M. J. Report and recommendation recommending that defendants' partial motion to dismiss willful infringement claims and claims for pre-complaint inducement and contributory infringement be granted....more
In a Federal Circuit decision handed down recently, the appeals court overturned a $120 million jury verdict awarded to Apple. Samsung prevailed in this, the third appeal in this litigation. Two of Apple's patents were found...more
In another twist of fortunes in the long-running smartphone patent war between Apple and Samsung, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has once again overturned Apple's patent infringement jury verdict – this...more
The oft-overlooked design patent has seen somewhat of a revival recently (at least in the media) ever since a jury in California awarded Apple $399 million in damages — i.e., all Samsung profits from the sale of several of...more
Once again pulling no punches, Breakingviews dubs Foxconn's [now questionable] takeover a "messy milestone" for Sharp, the "ailing maker of display TVs" – NYTimes...
South Korea's top financial regulator is seeking to...more
Addressing whether a petitioner seeking inter partes review (IPR) is entitled to withdraw its petition prior to an institution decision, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB or Board) concluded that where the petitioners...more
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Posted by ESPN.com's Paul Kuharsky
Meet Erin Barill.
You've probably never heard of him before today. But if you're paying attention to developments regarding Peyton Manning's left knee, you heard seven references to Barill in Manning's first public comments in nearly a month.
Here are two of the premium mentions:
"Like I said, this has been a totally new process for me and I have learned to put my full trust in Erin. He and I have had some pretty heated discussions. Certainly it has not been the most enjoyable process that I've been through, but he's been great because he's challenged me and he's really kept me on an even keel as far as trying to make constant progress. Certainly all along that has been our goal, to try to get back on to the field in order to play in that first game. As to when I'm going to be back on the practice field, that has yet to be determined. It just depends on how everything goes from here on out. I need to have a good week this week. Obviously the sooner, the better for me, but I'm still sticking to Erin's advice and going based on how I feel and I feel that's the best plan for us at this point."
"I know I have the right guy in Erin leading me down the right path and hopefully we can just keep progressing."
Barill, 38, is in his sixth season with the Colts, his third as director of rehabilitation. He holds two degrees from West Virginia. Before joining the Colts, he worked for 11 years as a physical therapist and athletic trainer at Methodist Sports Medicine Center in Indianapolis.
One other thing that struck me out of the transcript of Manning's comments today. The Colts have said that rookie tight end Tom Santi, who had the same surgery two weeks earlier, has been kind of a test case for them. I've repeatedly written we can look to Santi's progress to guess where Manning will be in two weeks.
The quarterback did his best to tamp that down Tuesday without offering any specifics.
"It really isn't [similar], actually," he said. "Somehow that's gotten out there that that's been the comparative bar. That's probably been the biggest misnomer. That has not really been an accurate comparison. I've had some different things to deal with than Tom has and that's probably provided a little bit more of a challenge to me. Hopefully he's going to be out there soon, but I've had a little bit of different things to deal with than Tom."


text:
BEST ENTRANCE: Sears parking
LOCATION IN MALL: Located near Sears and Northshore Mall bus stop
(978) 532-4500 | Driving Directions | Legal Sea Foods Website |
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Watch closely. #PresidentialDebate #PresidentialElection
Thank you! https://t.co/ZFG23FLcg6/p>
Make your #lunch routine anything but routine. https://t.co/lra4pqG6nU/p>
Join us on 9/27 for #oyster-themed plates, paired with oyster-friendly wines. You - sip, slurp, sup. We - clean up! https://t.co/ScBsCk9XeY/p>
Experience #MolluskMania at #LegalHarborside on 10/2. Here's how: https://t.co/x8r0GKQJ9Z https://t.co/MrFd1KymVI/p>
#TBT to where #quality and freshness began. #ReallyFreshFish #InmanSquare https://t.co/b7rVrMf2UE/p>
9/27 #wine & dine w/ #SarahMcCrea of @StonyHillWine at #LegalHarborside. Res: 617-530-9470 https://t.co/wzRbNowqJ0/p>
Adios, summer.
Taco Tuesday: crispy fish.
Boston Sea Party
RT @massMOBD: Roger Berkowitz CEO @legalseafoods will be at the @EconDevBoston @SBA_NewEngland @massMOBD Small Biz Fair on 9/28 https://t.c…/p>
Eat-Drink-Repeat. 1-buck shucks at #CharlesSqTerraceBar on Sun, 9/20 from 2-4p. https://t.co/rqbrssSTXH https://t.co/jlEiZs0qzt/p>
Shrimp, #shrimp, hooray! https://t.co/hOmABAoU0r/p>
Catch #MolluskMania on 10/2 (1-3p) at #LegalHarborside! Get your tix here --> https://t.co/x8r0GKQJ9Z https://t.co/eiiGTgKdJS/p>
"I should have eaten this over the weekend." - Monday morning quarterback
The perfect pair = #Lobster + #Football. Go @Patriots https://t.co/2y6EX8cvqh/p>
Now this is something to get excited about! [baked stuffed #lobster] https://t.co/RxxtH1C2Nb/p>
#LaborDay #Giveaway! RT & Follow to enter to win 1 of 3 $10 vouchers. https://t.co/mXUfbn7wnm/p>
This fried-day calls for something delicious. [fried #clams] https://t.co/DiQJyugRZ5/p>
.@foodandwine shout-out to Legal C Bar's Coffee Jello. WOO-HOO! https://t.co/CGu3te9cW5 @alywalansky/p>
Calling all oenophiles! Our vintner-hosted wine dinners start again in September.
[Check out some of our upcoming events: http://bit.ly/1gjDSKe]
9/26 #wine & dine w/ #KathrynHall of @HALLWines at #ParkSquare. Res: 617-530-9470 https://t.co/QkhTlv0nwR/p>
Just chillin'.
It's Monday, time to get our #shrimp in order. https://t.co/cPuNWbV0jW/p>
Oyster Festival is 3 more weeks...
[Learn more: http://bit.ly/2bG9gFx]
Spice up your life! [sriracha lime #oyster w/roasted corn salsa, crispy shallots] https://t.co/rqbrssSTXH https://t.co/ttWNALyAnL/p>
Missing that #summer sizzle. https://t.co/Jr74jI4fpv/p>
From dock to door...shop our online fish market: http://shop.legalseafoods.com/
Indulge in a Fall favorite. [truffled #lobster mac & cheese] #FirstDayOfFall https://t.co/ZJlaJxJC96/p>
Join us on 9/29 for #oyster-themed plates, paired w/oyster-friendly #wines. You - sip, slurp, sup. We - clean up! https://t.co/ps5BHKWthO/p>
These events have your name written all over them: https://t.co/2lZssI9zl0 https://t.co/7n06HTvnls/p>
One really shouldn't watch #football on an empty stomach. Go @Patriots!!! https://t.co/c4exMXuU2D/p>
Now serving up 4 weeks of #mollusk madness! [fried buffalo #oyster] https://t.co/GiFHpNRrLW/p>
#OysterFestival fun fact: Casanova reportedly began his day by consuming 50+ #oysters. https://t.co/PRzKXbHBpe/p>
9/20 #wine & dine w/ @giannigagliardo of #GagliardoBaroloWine at #ParkSquare. Res: 617-530-9470 https://t.co/mCcimpTiR6/p>
T-1 Day: to #Oyster Fest! https://t.co/rqbrstauPf https://t.co/rHY2UxnEKM/p>
Fishing for compliments...
Calling all #oenophiles! Our vintner-hosted wine dinners start again in September. https://t.co/2lZssI9zl0 https://t.co/eCktNLETMI/p>
Turn that frown upside down. [truffled #lobster mac & cheese] https://t.co/UONbZLHhdb/p>
Sunday #Brunch Goals: #Lobster omelet. https://t.co/v4lo0MdPlR/p>
Greetings from Sandy Neck Oyster Farm,
[Oyster Festival is 9/15-10/12. Learn more: http://bit.ly/2bG9gFx]
TGIF - ending the week with a bang!
[Bang Bang Cauliflower]
RT if you have #lobster on your mind. https://t.co/bvvG998QyR/p>
RT @MimiSegelNECN: Why's @Modells CEO/owner kissing @legalseafoods Roger Berkowitz? Feel the love! SUN 1pm @Insidethebrand @necn https://t.…/p>
#Poll: Which 'wich?/p>
Get your lobster bibs ready!
Unofficial end to #summer. https://t.co/zVjuBO5EPp/p>
A box of #LaborDay happiness to your door. Save 20% at https://t.co/ebg8sFhK51 w/promo code: EB82316 (exp 9/5/16) https://t.co/YX3zQ3bNbs/p>
RT @NorthshoreMall: Have no fear, #lobster is near! @legalseafoods re-opens today! https://t.co/ptves4jmpQ/p>
#Chowda Poll:/p>
#Lobster on #LaborDay? Yes please! Save 20% at https://t.co/ebg8sFhK51 w/promo code: EB82316 (exp 9/5/16) https://t.co/FEHvxF5ecs/p>
RT @OnlyInBOS: This election season, @LegalSeaFoods wants to encourage you to watch the upcoming #PresidentialDebate. https://t.co/kdsRSzAE…/p>
Clamoring for these.
Falling for...
Seafood Casserol: scallops, shrimp, lobster, whitefish and cheese baked with sherry garlic butter
#Lobster poll: How do you prefer your lobster roll?/p>
Hungry? https://t.co/ormr4z6K34 https://t.co/Kx3xnIIIyW/p>
Don't miss the boat, #FOH and #BOH positions available here: https://t.co/cilmpqhyrY https://t.co/c6vnLmnMp6/p>
Aw shucks, it's Monday but, cod damn, it's our Oyster Festival!
[Oyster Festival is 9/15-10/12. Learn more: http://bit.ly/2bG9gFx]
RT @CopleyPlaceMA: The annual Oyster Festival is here! Visit @LegalSeaFoods and dig in https://t.co/EHGhI1vzzA/p>
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Trails And Ways: Nunca
As a follow up to our Post in April, here is Nunca, the second single by Oakland based "Bossa Nova Dream Pop" band Trails And Ways.
There is a great video of this one too, check it out below, and they promise more videos over the summer.
The single is from their album Trilingual to be released later this year.[audio:http://insomniaradio.net/audio/dailydose/irdd-trailsandways-nunca.mp3]
Trails and Ways Links
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