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Lion Brand® Yarn Company
Item # L40127
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Free Pattern
Starting at
Glitzy Striped Scarf (L40127) is a Crochet pattern. This pattern is rated as being Easy (Level 2). Finished size is About 8 1/2 x 60 in. (21.5 x 152.5 cm), not including fringe
Medium silver gray with metallic silver
Lion Brand Crochet Hook - Size F-5 (3.75 mm) - New! Lightweight, flexible plastic hooks are comfortable to use and put less strain on hands than aluminum styles.U.S. size F-5U.K. Size 9 3.75 mm
Also called tapestry, darning, or finishing needles, these large eye blunt needles are good for weaving in ends and sewing up seams on your knit crochet projects. Nickel-Plated Steel (2 each of sizes 13, 14, 16) Alternative option: Chibi Large Eye Blunt Needles (set of 3)
Taupe-gray with silver sparkle
Free patterns, product alerts, and special offers.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
AS CITY COUNCIL took a step toward extending the deadline to apply for the homestead exemption under the city's new property-tax system, the Nutter administration said yesterday it plans to step up outreach efforts, including sending home information about the exemption with students' report cards.
Council gave preliminary approval to two bills yesterday, including one sponsored by Council President Darrell Clarke that would extend the deadline to apply for the exemption - from July 31 to Sept. 13.
Under the Actual Value Initiative, the exemption would lower the taxable value of homes by $30,000 (Nutter has proposed lowering the exemption to $15,000.) Another bill sponsored by Councilwoman Jannie Blackwell would allow anyone who buys a house after the September deadline to apply for an exemption until Dec. 1.


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Lenovo ThinkPad L421-7826K13
Reviews for the Lenovo ThinkPad L421-7826K13
Source: PC Online.com.cn zh-CN→EN
Single Review, online available, Medium, Date: 05/23/2011
Source: enet.com.cn zh-CN→EN
Single Review, online available, Long, Date: 05/12/2011
AMD Radeon HD 6470M: Entry to middle class graphics card based on the Seymore XT codename featuring the UVD3 video processor.
Non demanding games should be playable with these graphics cards.
» Further information can be found in our Comparison of Mobile Graphics Cards and the corresponding Benchmark List.
2540M: Fast Dual-core processor clocked from 2.6 to 3.3 GHz (Turbo Boost 2.0) based on the Sandy Bridge architecture with an integrated graphics card and dual-channel DDR3 memory controller. » Further information can be found in our Comparison of Mobile Processsors.
Above all, this display size is used for subnotebooks, ultrabooks and convertibles. For all three types, this size is quite large. The biggest variety of subnotebooks is represented with this size.
Large display-sizes allow higher resolutions. So, details like letters are bigger. On the other hand, the power consumption is lower with small screen diagonals and the devices are smaller, more lightweight and cheaper.» To find out how fine a display is, see our DPI List.
2.3 kg:
Usually subnotebooks, ultrabooks and quite lightweight laptops with 12-16 inch display-diagonal weigh as much.
Lenovo: Lenovo Group Limited is China's largest and the world's fourth largest personal computer manufacturer. Lenovo produces desktops, laptops, servers, handheld computers, imaging equipment, and mobile phone handsets. Lenovo also provides information technology integration and support services, and its QDI unit offers contract manufacturing. Its executive headquarters are located in China and USA. It is incorporated in Hong Kong. Lenovo was formed in 1984 as a spin-off of the Chinese Academy of Sciences new technology unit. The company initially began as a reseller, distributor and later CM for foreign brands, including IBM, entering the Chinese market. In 1990, Lenovo started to manufacture its own PCs and by 1997 became the market leader in China. In 2004, Lenovo bought IBM's PC business for $1.25billion. Market share regarding sales of personal computers in 2007 (market research IDC): HP 18.9 %, Dell 16.4 %, Acer 9.9 %, Lenovo 7.5 %, Apple 5.7 %
» Further information can be found in our Notebook Purchase Guide.


text:
Team creating their challenge solution for an upcoming tournament.
Destination Imagination team at Global Finals Opening Ceremony.
Going to Global Finals? Check out our "Global Finals" page -- click the photos to the left!!
Destination Imagination (DI) is a non-profit, volunteer-led, cause-driven organization. Our purpose is to inspire and equip students to become the next generation of innovators and leaders. Annually, we offer seven new standards-based Challenges in STEM, Improv, Visual Arts, Service Learning, and Early Learning. Each Challenge is open-ended and enables student teams to learn and experience the creative process from imagination to innovation.
Carmine Liuzzi, Affiliate Director
1113 Carteret Road
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216.654.0887 (fax)


text:
RevZillaTV Motorcycle Gear Video Reviews
Welcome to the RevZillaTV Library where you can browse RevZilla Motorcycle Gear Video Reviews by brand and style. RevZilla produces 100% of these videos in-house and believes that a better educated rider is a safer and happier one. Knowing the motorcycle gear that goes on your body is the first step in staying safe and enjoying the sport to its fullest. Our motorcycle helmet and motorcycle gear video reviews should provide the necessary informaiton to begin narrowing your search for the right gear. Within this library you will also find high-level overview videos at the brand and category level along with seasonal reviews and how-to video guides.
Arai RX-Q Helmet Review
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- Arai XC Helmet & Arai XC Ram Helmet Review
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This page contains video reviews and video guides for motorcycle gear.


text: Brand: Sculptresse Style: 6921 Sizes: 36 F- H; 38 E - H; 40 DD - GG; 42 D - FF; 44 D - F; 46 D - E Fabric Content: 80% Polyamide 20% Elastane Sculptresse Pure Molded T Shirt Bra Style 6921. Pure is a contemporary non padded molded t shirt bra. The bra has gorgeous matching panties. The bra gives you a fuller coverage. Makes look smooth and supported. This bra is an overall flattering on all women looking to feel wonderful.


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Skip to comments.McCain Hires Controversial Syria Analyst Elizabeth O'Bagy
Posted on 09/27/2013 12:55:41 PM PDT by ConservativeMan55
click here to read article
McCain has become his own parody. Mencken, Twain, Steyn and Wolfe together couldn't create such a ridiculous figure.
Everything I had read before said there was no process for recall.
But it sounds as if Arizona may have something.
It gets worse. IMHO, McCain and Kerry used O'Bagy for the WSJ piece.
OBagy graduated from Georgetown with a bachelors degree in Arabic and went to live in Cairo for two years before returning to Washington to seek her masters and PhD from her alma mater in Arabic Studies. At the end of 2011 she began an internship with the Institute.
OBagy, a registered Democrat who voted twice for Obama, admits now that she was naïve about the Institute and Kim and her husband Fred Kagan.
Prior to ISW, she received a Critical Language Scholarship to study Arabic in Tangier Morocco and studied Arabic at the American University in Cairo.
The Critical Language Scholarship (CLS) Program is a program of the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
HT: thouworm
Fox missed something-— "Previously I was a Senior Research Analyst at the Institute For the Study of War where I specilized in Syrian politicss and security."
Affadavit signed June 19, 2013
Not only did Kimberly Kagan have prior knowledge that O'Bagy did NOT have a PhD, she also knew (sent out?) O'Bagy to propagandize Congress and the MSM with lies about the strength and numbers of Syrian rebel "moderates."
And... to emphasize...what is this?!!!
"Previously I was a Senior Research Analyst at the Institute For the Study of War where I specialized in Syrian politicss and security."
ISW, et al, bear close scrutiny. We now have THREE reasons O'Bagy was thrown under the bus by ISW, not the least of which is that her "research" was being exposed as a lie.
Doesn't matter. He doesn't matter. He can stand up on the Hill and thumb his nose and wag his azz all he wants. He doesn't matter any more.
We are just suffering through him the same as we are Obama. Time will run out and then we can slap his disrespectful smart azz into political retirement—tell him to sit down and shut up,
His having been a POW doesn't give him a carte blanche to do whatever he wants to the American people. I can respect his service and thank him for that but otherwise—go screw yourself, Gollum.
John McCain is a dried up skid mark on the underwear of America.
I have to update his name:
Comrade Juan al-McNuts.
Sad is the sorry state of American leadership. Bunch of narcissists.
Juan McCain, collaborator.
Two apologies - Flake is no better.
Typical GOP thinking.
1. Reward al Qaeda for murdering Americans.
2. Reward corruption by covering it up.
3. Reward resume fraud.
4. And don't forget to impose RomneyCARE/ObamaCARE.
Amazing that he couldn't find anybody else...
agree 100%
They're just blatant now. WE are his enemy.
That's exactly what I was thinking. While we're at it, let's recall Cornyn, Graham and McConnell!
McConnell is up for re-election in 2014. He may have met his Waterloo on this issue.
What a total flippin' Manchurian he is.
What a total flippin' Manchurian he is.
That's for state senators.
Yeah, they aren't even pretending anymore.
"The Onion," right?
He's an O'butthole.
Is he sleeping with her?
Is he getting money from the same Syrian "rebel" front group that she is?
Or is he just plain crazy?
McCain wants a liar on his staff, and I am not surprised.
Cant believe we had to choose between HIM and Obama?
Yeah, who the only difference between the two was just the degree of tan.
can this fool be recalled?
All groupies in the world are dying of jealousy!
What's that saying about chrome off a trailer hitch?
McCain just loves Jihadis. Kosovar jihadis, Libyan jihadis, Syrian jihadis ...
Shows she is part of the club. Can his arse.
Why, he is leaving office and politics of any kind except to go home to Sugar Mommy.
If this is true, He is giving every American the big finger. Why should someone be rewarded for lying? Damn, I wouldn't dream of padding my resume. I put in a question to his office. Since I have NEVER heard back from my other questions, my guess I won't hear back on this one either.
Yep. I knew she was made.
The man is a total fraud! Pathetic.
I'm trying to remember why JD Hayworth was an unacceptable candidate... /s
It is now RinoCare. They own it now.
She is unusual for a Lib. Normally Lib woman are hideous.
Whats that saying about chrome off a trailer hitch?
Or, pulling a vacume on an onion sack.
McCain is TRULY INSANE!!! WHo the HELL hires a LIAR?? Oh Yeah....ANOTHER LIAR!! ARizona....you SHOULD be ASHAMED!!
Whatever helps Jihad, John is for.
McCain is a Democrat until he proves otherwise. Since he won't, he is heretofore a Democrat O-bot
I wonder how many la raza operatives work for McCain and Flake that is another reason to not vote for them.
Get anyone else in who just hires ordinary people.
So McCain, just how many Americans are you willing to get killed for your Saudi masters ambitions ?
Actually, little ole maniacal John McCain has done much better then that. He is getting his junior senator to do the job for him.
..and if McCain were elected in 2008 nothing would be different right now.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Displaying all events for: Staten Island CampusView all events »
- 27SepSeptember 27, 20169:00 amSt. Vincent dePaul Chapel, Staten Island
- 27SepSeptember 27, 201610:00 amDaSilva Academic Center Lobby
- 27SepSeptember 27, 20166:00 pm — 7:00 pmDaSilva 214• Open to PublicInterested in spending a semester abroad? If so, this is the session for you. Whether you want to study in Paris, Rome, Seville, or all three, the Semester Programs Information Session will go over everything you need to know about each program – from costs and requirements to excursions and other opportunities for travel. You'll even have the chance to meet with administrators to ask any questions you may have and listen to the personal accounts and stories from our Global Ambassadors.
- 27SepSeptember 27, 20166:00 pm — 7:30 pmD'Angelo Center, Room 128In partnership with the College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Phi Delta Chi, APhA-ASP and University Career Services. Learn more about the types of residencies that exist and what you need to start doing now to better your chances. Come network and learn about residencies from SJU Pharmacy Alumni in a speed-networking style format.
- 28SepSeptember 28, 201612:15 pm — 1:00 pmSt. Vincent dePaul Chapel, Staten Island• Open to Public
- 29SepSeptember 29, 201611:00 am — 3:00 pmTaffner Field House
- 29SepSeptember 29, 20162:00 pm — 3:00 pmSI-Library Instruction Room• Registration Required
- 29SepSeptember 29, 20165:00 pm — 6:00 pmO-Online Meeting Room (O)• Registration Required
- 30SepSeptember 30, 201612:15 pm — 1:00 pmSt. Vincent dePaul Chapel, Staten Island• Open to Public
- 30SepSeptember 30, 20162:00 pm — 3:00 pmO-Online Meeting Room (O)• Registration Required


text:
Halloween party food as easy as falling off a broom
Something wicked this way comes. Feed it something delightful and watch the transformation.
Costumes are usually optional at Halloween parties. Bobbing for apples is, well, really kind of a hassle. You don't even need scary music, though it helps.
Food, on the other disembodied hand, is compulsory: If you're inviting ghouls, they'll be gobblin'.
Remember to make a mix: savory, snacks and sweet, and make it stuff ghouls can gobble while standing and chatting up their undead friends and neighbors.
Let some Curried Pumpkin-Apple Soup bubble in your caldron while you cackle at Cheese Witch Brooms and Apple Bites. A friendly pumpkin veggie tray should tamp down the sugary horror of Crisp Candy-Corn Treats.
Pick your poison.
Recipes, page 5D.


text:
Man Held for Selling Ganja
By Express News Service - KALLAMBALAM
Published: 17th December 2013 10:29 AM
Last Updated: 17th December 2013 10:29 AM
A 65-year-old man was arrested by Kallambalam police on Monday for selling ganja. The arrested has been identified as Chandraboss of Mavinmoodu, near here.
According to the police, he was taken in to custody for selling ganja near a bus stop here. The police said that he was caught even earlier on a similar charge. He was produced before the court and remanded in judicial custody.
Two Men Found Hanging
In separate incidents, two men were found hanging in their houses on Monday at Malayinkeezhu. The deceased have been identified as Gopi, 47 of Malayinkeezhu and Karunakaran alias Karnan, 47, of Malayam at Malayinkeezhu, near here.
According to the police, both of them were alcoholics. Gopi was a bachelor. Karnan is survived by his wife Anitha and two children Kiran and Arun.
Girl Die; Medical Negligence Alleged
A 14-year-old girl died in the wee hours of Monday in a private hospital at Pozhiyoor. The deceased has been identified as Meera Mohan of Kannankonam at Kulathoor, near here.
The Pozhiyoor police registered a case based on a complaint filed by the relatives of the girl alleging that she had died following medical negligence. The police said that according to her relatives, she was taken to a private hospital owing to vomiting on Monday around 1 am. ''After giving injection, the doctors at the hospital said that she was normal, but at 2.25 am they declared that she was dead,'' the police said.
Later, her body was taken to Medical College Hospital for postmortem.
Meera was the elder daughter of Mohan and Jeeva. Megha is her sister.
Disclaimer: We respect your thoughts and views! But we need to be judicious while moderating your comments. All the comments will be moderated by the NIE editorial. Abstain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks. Try to avoid outside hyperlinks inside the comment. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines.


text:
News &
The Adults and Children in Trust in New York City, ACT program
provides year-round educational and recreational programs for children
and families. Our programs and services are located on Manhattan's
Upper West Side, on the 11-acre campus of The Cathedral Church of
St. John the Divine.
Visit http://www.stjohndivine.org for more information about The Cathedral of St. John the Divine
or to make a donation to A.C.T. Programs. Online donations can
be sent through the Cathedral of St. John Divine donate
page but please be sure to note in the comment screen, after
you complete the first page, that the gift is to be directed to
Adults and Children in Trust. More information about A.C.T.'s gift-giving opportunities
is found here.
Phone: 212.316.7530
Regular office hours: 8:30am-6pm
During the week of Monday, August 22nd through Friday, August 26th, the ACT Office will be open from 10:00am – 4:00pm.
ACT Office will be CLOSED during the week of Monday, August 29th through Friday, September 2nd. Office will reopen on Tuesday, September 6, 2016 and resume regular office hours of 8:30am – 6:15pm.
Walk-in credit card payment are accepted for select programs.
On-line retgistration for Camp and Preschool is not available. Confirmation is sent with-in 3-5 business days.
All transactions are processed in U.S. Dollars.
Registration for 2016 Afterschool program has begun: Go to the "Forms" section for registration form.
Employment opportunities click here
Registration for 2016 Preschool and Nursery is under way: Go to the "Forms" section for registration form. Read latest testimony from one preschool parent.
October Vacation Camp Schedule and form are ready for your review.
ACT is located at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine on the Upper West Side,
1047 Amsterdam Avenue, New York City, NY 10025.
We are accessible by the 1, B, and C trains or the M4 and M11 buses. See location details here.
ACT at the Cathedral
Indoor PlayStation
One-to-One Classes
Nursery AM and PM Classes
Mini-ACT Summer Camp
Party Services
Afterschool Programs
Holiday and Vacation Camp
July Theme session 1
August Specialty session
2 & 3
Adventure session 4
Party Services
session 1: Pioneer
August Specialty session
2 & 3
Counselor-In-Training Program
Service Opportunities
Volunteer Opportunities
Toddler Classes
Party Services


text:
1) Turnkey is a product or service that is designed, supplied, built, or installed fully complete and ready to operate. The term implies that the end user just has to turn a key and start using the product or service.
Download Our 17-Page Mobile Application Management Handbook
Experts provide best practices for mobile application delivery and management to help deal with the flood of mobile devices, new applications and data security demands.
By submitting your email address, you agree to receive emails regarding relevant topic offers from TechTarget and its partners. You can withdraw your consent at any time. Contact TechTarget at 275 Grove Street, Newton, MA.
You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy.
2) In training, a turnkey is a employee who has been sent somewhere to learn a specific skill. The turnkey is expected to return and share what they have learned with other employees. The turnkey becomes a trainer who turns the keys (of knowledge) over to someone else.
Continue Reading About turnkey
Dig Deeper on Enterprise mobility strategy and policy
Find more PRO+ content and other member only offers, here.


text: King Moody Born: 12/06/1929 Jump to Related Articles Photos Filmography Biography Filmography Actor (12) The Dark Backward 1991 (Movie) Twinkee Doodle (Actor) Wedding Band 1990 (Movie) Detective (Actor) Oh! Baby, Baby, Baby... 1974 - 1975 (TV Show) Actor Get to Know Your Rabbit 1972 (Movie) TV Reporter (Actor) Get Smart 1965 - 1970 (TV Show) Actor Sweet November 1968 (Movie) Digby (Actor) Any Wednesday 1966 (Movie) Milkman (Actor) The Glass Cage 1963 (Movie) (Actor) Teenagers From Outer Space 1958 (Movie) Captain (Actor) Get Smart, Again! (TV Show) Actor Message to My Daughter (TV Show) Actor Switched at Birth (TV Show) Actor Biography


text:
FEELING FLUSH: Marzotto, owner of the Valentino and Hugo Boss fashion houses, said its sales for the quarter ended March 31 rose 3.4 percent to $593.9 million, aided by the consolidation of Valentino, which it bought in spring 2002. Clothing accounted for 86 percent of the total with textiles comprising the balance. Marzotto reiterated that Valentino is still on track to break even in 2004. In 2002, Valentino widened its operating loss to $13.8 million from a loss of $3 million the year before. Sales rose to $149.4 million from $144.7 million. — Amanda Kaiser
This story first appeared in the April 21, 2003 issue of WWD. Subscribe Today.
GO EAST: Eager to speak to an international audience, Russian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian and Georgian designers gathered forces recently to show their fall collections. The second edition of Russian Fashion Week wrapped up in Moscow April 14. Recently focused on making clothes for individual clients, many designers joined the biannual runway spectacle to attract attention and orders from abroad. Barneys New York and Liberty already carry such labels as Darya Razumihina. "I see that in the West there is growing interest to Eastern designers," observed a spokesman for the Systeme D fashion showroom in Paris. "They have lots of creativity and are less influenced by the big names in the fashion industry. I feel that they can do well not only in the local market but in Europe and the U.S. as well." — Olga Zaretskaya
LUCKY BREAK: Prisma Press, a French magazine publisher, is set to launch what it's billing as a merchandise mover: Shopping. The magazine will cover all aspects of fashion, beauty and culture from a consumer standpoint, offering pointers on best deals and addresses for shopping in major cities in France and throughout Europe. The debut 132-page May issue, devoted to Brussels, sells for $2.70. The initial print run is 400,000 copies. Prisma plans to publish three issues this year as a test, with the intent of increasing the frequency. — Emilie Marsh
FASHION ANARCHY: Arkadius, the London-based Polish designer with a boutique near Marble Arch, is launching a jeans collection called Arkadius Anarchy. It is slated to bow May 16 during the grand opening of a 1,000-square-foot boutique on Mokotowksa Street in central Warsaw. Arkadius, whose edgy styles have been worn by the likes of Alicia Keys and Christina Aguilera, says he plans to show a new jeanswear collection to retail buyers in September and ultimately roll out to new markets. The designer described his jeans as "avant-garde, but sexy and glamorous." He plans to produce no more than 50 units of each style. Arkadius, short for Arkadiusz Weremczuk, studied fashion design at Central Saint Martins in London and later apprenticed under Alexander McQueen. — Helen Burggraf
LOOKING DOWN: Eyewear maker De Rigo saw its 2002 net profit halve to $11.6 million from $23.2 million on declining profitability at its British retail chain, Dollond & Aitchison, and an operating loss at EID, its joint venture with Prada. Dollar figures are converted from the euro at current exchange rates. De Rigo had already reported sales for the year ended Dec. 31, showing a 1.4 percent jump to $559.6 million from $551.7 million in 2001. Operating profit at D&A fell to $1.6 million from $13.4 million the year before, as De Rigo cited difficult market conditions in the U.K. and logistical problems while it reorganized lens production. De Rigo did not release revenue figures for the chain, but said sales dropped 4.6 percent.
EID posted an operating loss of $982,620 compared with an operating profit of $436,720 in 2001, as it shifted distribution and lowered prices. Sales declined 2.5 percent to $34.2 million from $35.1 million. — A.K.
DOUBLING UP: Tom Ford's empire of next-generation Gucci stores has seen London's Bond Street location double in size. Unveiled earlier this month, the new store replaces the original unit just across the street, and spans three floors of retail space for a total of 7,500 square feet. It follows launches of new-look stores in New York, Paris and Milan. The store houses the complete range of Gucci products, as well as made-to-measure services for handbags, men's shoes and men's suits.— Ellen Burney
COLOR OF VICTORY: After five years of litigation, Benetton announced last week that it had won its libel suit against the Italian newspaper, Corriere della Sera. The Italian sportswear company launched the lawsuit following a series of articles in 1998 alleging that Benetton's Turkish licensee employed children in its factory and that Benetton approved of this practice to cut costs. The Tribunal Court of Milan found the articles to be "gravely erroneous" and libelous. A sentence is expected within the next two months. In a statement, Benetton said "it trusts that this sentence, which fully re-establishes the facts and the correctness and transparency of Benetton's social and ethical conduct, will receive a level of visibility capable of counterbalancing, at least in part, the serious damage to its image." — Courtney Colavita
TV TIMES: Karstadt-Quelle, Europe's largest department store and mail-order business, is joining forces with Swiss investor Hans-Dieter Cleven and German media company EM.TV to buy the German DSF sports television station from the bankrupt KirchMedia Group. This isn't Karstadt-Quelle's first foray into the world of television. The Essen-based group has a stake in Home Shopping Europe AG, jointly produces a travel program, "Neckermann's Vacation World" with the German station, Tele5, and also is working with Sony on setting standards for digital interactive TV.
As for its core retail business, Karstadt-Quelle expects a downturn in operating earnings for 2003. In 2002, earnings before goodwill depreciation and taxes on income shrank to $316.2 million compared with $412.1 million, while sales dipped 1.6 percent to $17 billion. The company is not releasing first-quarter figures, as Easter falls in the second quarter this year, but expects sales for the first four months of 2003 to reach last year's levels. — Melissa Drier
COMEBACK KID: Seeking reinvention, historic Italian brand Lancetti has tapped the young emerging Brazilian designer, Icarius de Menezes, as creative director. His first collection for the house will be shown during Milan fashion week in September and the designer also will oversee the brand's 20 licenses. Pino Lancetti, who launched his ready-to-wear in 1961, was known for collections inspired by such artists as Matisse, Picasso and Kandinskij. He retired in 1999. De Meneze succeeds designer Enzo Fusco. De Menezes, of Greek and German origin, launched his first signature collection in Paris three years ago and was one of the five finalists in the Enkamania international design competition held last year in Milan. — Luisa Zargani
TWO FOR THE ROAD: Zara, the prolific Spanish brand, has added two more stores — in Orlando, Fla., and Madrid — to its ever-growing retail roster. The total is 536. The new U.S. unit in the Mall Millenia is Zara's ninth store on American shores. In Madrid, the new Serrano location is the Spanish capital's second-largest Zara store, with about 28,000 square feet of selling space over five floors. Sales projections were not available for either unit. Next stop? Singapore, opening within a few weeks in spite of the killer-pneumonia scare. Meanwhile, word has it that Zara parent company Inditex will soon be bringing its junior-focused Bershka retail concept to Benelux and France. — Barbara Barker


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September 28, 2016, 11:19:08 PM
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Message of the Day
Today is 28 Sept, Birthday Of Shaheed BHAGAT SINGH. One of the Greatest Man ever born in India. Jai hind
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Sat Sri Akal! Punjabi Janta te tuhada swagat hai. PJ bahut simple community hai. Ethe tussi apna virsa, soch, experiences and goals share kar sakde ho.
Punjabi Janta Di Outlook:
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2. Har tara de interesting topics te discussions share karna.
Punjabi Janta De Tools:
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2. Radio: Vakhre topics and music naal entertainment layee.
Saadi community join karo and apni life nu enhance karo!
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Added by AnyClip Subscribe 2 726
Published 11 Nov 2011
The clip How Do They Start A War? from All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) with William Bakewell, Harold ...
The clip How Do They Start A War? from All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) with William Bakewell, Harold Goodwin Don't mind me. Oh, that's all right. Don't mention it. You know... I could do with some more beans. Go help yourself. There's more over there. It's too far. I wonder, when are we going back to the front? Tomorrow. It's enough to take away a man's appetite. You know, if they're gonna march us in again tomorrow, we ought to go see how Kemmerick is. That's a good idea. Let's do that. How far is the dressing station? About two miles. We could take his things to him. Good. It seemed rotten to think of a thing like that happening to him, a nice fellow like Kemmerick. Ah, the French certainly deserve to be punished for starting this war. Everybody says it's somebody else. Well, how do they start a war? Well, one country offends another. How could one country offend another? You mean there's a mountain over in Germany gets mad at a field over in France? Well, stupid, one people offends another. Oh, if that's it, I shouldn't be here at all.


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Product Information
Cuisinart Prep 9 Food Processor, Brushed Stainless
Perfecting the art of food preparation. With a brushed stainless finish that adds a touch of elegance to any modern kitchen, the Cuisinart 9-cup Food Processor is the ideal prep tool for any task. Its compact build allows it to fit comfortably on any countertop and the large work bowl makes it easy to create an entire meal from scratch. After all, it's a Cuisinart!
Features Include:
9-cup Lexan Work Bowl
Extra-large feed tube slices whole fruits and vegetables
One-piece Cuisinart Supreme feed tube
Stainless Steel medium slicing disc (4mm)
Stainless Steel shredding disc
Chopping/mixing blade
Dough blade
Detachable disc stem
Recipe/Instruction book
All removable parts are dishwasher-safe
Limited 10-year motor warranty
Limited 3-year warranty
Origin: China
Warranty: 3-year Limited
Height: 16-in.
Dimensions: 9.5-in. x 13.37-in.
Capacity: 9-c.
This item is typically shipped within 2 business days.
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$32.00$0.23 / ml
Hampton Sun's SPF 8 Bronze Continuous Mist sunscreen offers the highest quality sun protection with a new hypoallergenic and oil-free formula.
Enhance and illuminate your tan with a touch of instant bronze in a luxurious, water-resistant sunscreen. This unique formula leaves skin feeling soft and silky smooth with a hint of our signature scent. While lounging at the beach or by the pool, give your skin a flawless, sexy bronze glow. Water-resistant formula maintains your SPF protection for up to 80 minutes.
|Active Ingredients: Octinoxate (4.0%), Oxybenzone 2%, Acrylates/Octylacrylamide Copolymer, Blue 1, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Fragrance, Red 40, SD Alcohol 40-B, Water, Yellow 5
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Reviewed by 3 customers
My favorite sun care product!
By Cris123
from New York
describe yourself Brand Buyer
- Creates Even Tan
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- Dries Quickly
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- Natural Tan
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Comments about Hampton Sun SPF 8 Instant Bronze Continuous Mist, 5 oz:
I am a huge fan of having ta skin but I'm also concerned with the damaging effects it has on your skin. Love this product because it gives me a head start to my tan every time I get a little pale and have to go to the beach. Smells great and feels soothing on my skin! Definitely recommend this product!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Love love love
By DS18
from New York, NY
describe yourself Brand Buyer
- Cleans Effectively
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Comments about Hampton Sun SPF 8 Instant Bronze Continuous Mist, 5 oz:
Absolutely loved this product. I recommend it to everyone who wants to get a tan while also receiving sun protection.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Gorgeous color
By Gina
from Los Angeles, CA
describe yourself Brand Buyer
- Gentle
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Comments about Hampton Sun SPF 8 Instant Bronze Continuous Mist, 5 oz:
I love this for the beginning of the tanning season. It gives you a nice jumpstart on color while keeping you protected. Love it!


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Fulbright Taiwan, Foundation for Scholarly Exchange - Home
The Fulbright Program aims to bring a little more knowledge, a little more reason, and a little more compassion into world affairs and thereby to increase the chance that nations will learn at last to live in peace and friendship.
[Announcement] 2017-2018 FSE English Teacher Training & Research Awards
Taiwan Grants Announcement: Apply for 2017-2018 Fulbright Grants now!
[Upcoming Events] Homelands and Beyond: Researching a Novel
[Upcoming Events] Unintentional injury mortality among indigenous communities of Taiwan
[Alumni News] Congrats to Dr. Cheng-Teh Huang, inducted Academician of Academia Sinica
[Upcoming Events] Factors Influencing Taiwanese Students to pursue a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering,Mathematics) Career
[Event Highlights] Outstanding ETAs and local schools awarded at the Farewell Party
[Upcoming Events] Let online bios talk to search engines, let the world know about Taiwanese artists
[Upcoming Events] Gold Boys & Emerald Girls: Teaching & Cross-Cultural Exchange in Taiwan
[Upcoming Events] Supplementing the Records and Anecdotes: The Reception of Historiographic Annotations of the Northern and Southern Dynasties
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Numbness of Face and Arms
Q: Hey i was wondering if you could give me an answer to some symptoms ive been experiencing past 2 years (is it a mini stroke)... i get a jaw ache, followed by numbness in my side of my face, i then get a watery vision effect in my left eye, then numbness down my left arm to my fingers followed by a numb mouth which goes after 15mins or so ... i am 21 and this has occured around 6 times over a period of 2 years ... please any answer would help me!!!!
A: It seems very unlikely that your condition is a mini-stroke. In your age group, common causes of stroke are methamphetamine abuse and vasculitic disorders (inflammation of blood vessels). It would have been very helpful if you've mentioned anything that can trigger these attacks, or absence of any trigger. It is very likely that you have trigeminal neuralgia but this diagnosis can only be given after a complete physical and neurologic exam. I am not sure if the numbness on your left arm down to your fingers is part of this problem, a separate problem, or anxiety related. However, since you have mentioned that these symptoms have been recurring over the past 2 years, I think it needs urgent attention by a physician so as to be sure that there is no underlying serious condition.
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Government Can't Say No
The Social Security Disability Insurance program is in big trouble. In 2016, the program's trust fund is expected to run out of money. When that happens, there will be "large across-the-board cuts for all beneficiaries," warn James Lankford, the Republican chairman of the House subcommittee that oversees entitlements, and Jackie Speier, the subcommittee's ranking Democrat. Those cuts will be painful for the "truly disabled," whom the system originally was designed to serve.
Washington has a choice to make: provide for the truly disabled or the newly disabled.
The definition of disability was expanded to include mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, as well as musculoskeletal pain. The proportion of Americans deemed permanently disabled doubled over the previous four decades, George Washington University law professor Richard J. Pierce Jr. wrote in a 2011 piece for the libertarian Cato Institute. It's like an epidemic. In 2008 alone, the number of applicants — 2.8 million — grew by 21 percent.
In an 11-page memo to acting Social Security Administration Commissioner Carolyn W. Colvin, Lankford and Speier faulted administrative law judges for having "rubber-stamped" new applicants. Each new disability recipient is expected to cost taxpayers $300,000. In 40 states, cases reach a judge only after two separate teams of examiners have turned down an applicant. Nonetheless, hundreds of judges have reversed more than 80 percent of the cases before them. The SSA's Office of the Inspector General calculated that the judges approved 930,250 individuals on disability between 2005 and 2012. No wonder the system is going broke.
There's such a huge backlog that the SSA has yet to review cases approved by infamous "red flag" judges Charles Bridges and David Daugherty. According to their regional chief, Bridges awarded benefits to nearly all the 2,000 claimants who came before him each year. Daugherty approved 99.7 percent of cases before him, to the benefit of 8,413 individuals. Estimated lifetime cost: $2.5 billion.
Social Security spokesman Mark Hinkle responded that the administration has ramped up its efforts to prevent and detect abuses. The White House has submitted a budget that would fund fraud prevention, and that, too, should help.
Lankford and Speier made a number of common-sense recommendations — including that the SSA conduct more reviews of existing cases, comb through applications approved by "red flag" judges and require that applicants submit all evidence regarding their conditions instead of only favorable medical reports.
The Republican and Democratic representatives also take issue with Social Security's refusal to allow judges to review social media. They think it should be mandatory for examiners to check Facebook and other websites to see whether applicants who claim back pain are spending their weekends waterskiing or moving furniture. Pierce questions whether judges should look outside legal records to adjudicate claims. If that's the roadblock, perhaps other investigators can look to see what applicants do in their spare time.
When she visited the San Francisco Chronicle's editorial board in March, Speier made the general observation that Congress does so little compared with what needs to be done. On this issue, Speier and Lankford have bucked Beltway languor in a bipartisan — and hence modest — effort to make the safety net work better.
But I have to say, I like Pierce's idea best. The professor thinks the SSA should get rid of all 1,400 administrative law judges. "They are counterproductive. They introduce more errors than they eliminate," Pierce told me. "They have absolutely no relevant training, no expertise, and they're overruling people who have relevant training and expertise." What's more, he wrote for Cato in 2011, the $2 billion freed up by their removal could be used to "hire a large number of talented people to manage" important programs.
Pierce's solution would not yield the most painstaking justice. But painstaking justice costs too much money. The only way to even the scales that tip in favor of applicants' attorneys would be to hire another army of lawyers to represent the taxpayer in administrative law court — and that would mean less money for the truly disabled.
Email Debra J. Saunders at: [email protected].:
Also see,
Also see...
Even though my father, brother, uncles and grandfather were in the military, I seldom handled guns growing up. That's because unlike many of the other people in my family, I've...Read More
Debra Saunders
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text:
Reunion Weekend June 3-5, 2016
The Sport Management program at Endicott College provides our students with combined theoretical and practical experiences that allow individuals the opportunity to foster an understanding of and appreciation for the sport industry.
We will provide each student an academically rigorous experience within a student-centered learning environment that promotes professionalism, collegiality, and scholarship.
The Bachelor of Science in Sport Management degree program at Endicott College has received specialized accreditation through the Commission on Sport Management Education (COSMA) located in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The Commission on Sport Management Accreditation is a specialized accrediting body whose purpose is to promote and recognize excellence in sport management education worldwide in colleges and universities at the baccalaureate and master's levels through specialized accreditation.
Sport Management Program Goals
Sport Management courses provide students with the skills in the following areas:
Upon completion of the Sport Management program, graduates will be able to:
concerning student learning outcomes is essential to excellence in sport
management education. Public confidence and investment in education is enhanced
when information concerning student achievement is made available to the


text:
Journal of Colloid And Interface Science (v.289, #1)
Editorial Board (CO1).
Molecular-level investigation into copper complexes on vermiculite: Effect of reduction of structural iron on copper complexation by Luca J. Furnare; Arturas Vailionis; Daniel G. Strawn (1-13).
In this paper we present results that describe the speciation of Cu sorbed to the clay mineral vermiculite, with special attention to the effects of reduction on Cu sorption complexes. Sorption complexes were studied using powdered extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, polarized EXAFS spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ionic strength (I), background ion, and clay reduction (structural iron) were varied in the sorption samples. At low I EXAFS results indicate that Cu was surrounded by up to six water molecules sorbed in the interlayer of reduced vermiculite. EXAFS results from Cu-equilibrated reduced vermiculite with high I Ca background electrolyte revealed that Cu was surrounded by 4 O atoms at 1.95 Å and 8 second shell O atoms at 3.14 Å. Angular dependence of the second shell O atoms interpreted from the polarized-EXAFS spectra indicated that the atoms are out of plane from the basal plane of the vermiculite (inclined ∼25° from the ab plane). The local atomic environment and angular dependence of the EXAFS spectra suggest that the Cu atoms are adsorbed above the hexagonal cavities of the reduced clay mineral and form a Cu dimer in the interlayer. This adsorption mechanism was not observed in the non-reduced vermiculite under identical equilibration conditions. Our results provide molecular level evidence that Cu sorption mechanisms on vermiculite are dependent on solution conditions, such as redox potential and background electrolyte. These results can be used to develop better models of Cu sorption mechanisms on clay mineral surfaces.
Keywords: Polarized-XAFS; Vermiculite; Copper sorption; Reduced clay;
A comparative study of the metastable equilibrium solubility behavior of high-crystallinity and low-crystallinity carbonated apatites using pH and solution strontium as independent variables by D.D. Heslop; Y. Bi; A.A. Baig; M. Otsuka; W.I. Higuchi (14-25).
Using solution strontium and pH as independent variables, the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) behavior of two carbonated apatite (CAP) samples has been examined, a high-crystallinity CAP (properties expected to be similar to dental enamel) and a low-crystallinity CAP (properties expected to be similar to bone mineral). CAP samples were prepared by precipitation/digestion: (CAP A: high-crystallinity, 1.3 wt% CO3, synthesized at 85 °C; CAP B: low-crystallinity, 6.4 wt% CO3, synthesized at 50 °C). Baseline MES distributions were determined in a series of 0.1 M acetate buffers containing only calcium and phosphate (no strontium) over a broad range of solution conditions. To assess the influence of strontium, MES profiles were determined in a similar fashion with 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the solution calcium being replaced on an equal molar basis by solution strontium. To determine the correct function governing CAP dissolution, ion activity products (IAPs) were calculated from the compositions of buffer solutions based on the hydroxyapatite template (Ca10–n Sr n (PO4)6(OH)2 ( n = 0 – 10 )) and the calcium/hydroxide deficient hydroxyapatite template (Ca9–n Sr n (HPO4)(PO4)5OH ( n = 0 – 9 )). Findings: (a) for CAP A, at high solution strontium/calcium ratios, the MES profiles were essentially superimposable when the solution IAPs were calculated using the stoichiometry of Ca6Sr4(PO4)6(OH)2 and for CAP B by a stoichiometry of Ca7Sr2(HPO4)(PO4)5OH; (b) for CAP A, at low strontium/calcium ratios, the stoichiometry yielding MES data superpositioning was found to be that of hydroxyapatite and for CAP B, that of calcium/hydroxide deficient hydroxyapatite. When other stoichiometries were assumed, good superpositioning of the data was not possible.
Keywords: Carbonated apatites; Solubility; Surface complex; Strontium;
Structure, stability, and orientation of BSA adsorbed to silica by Helén Larsericsdotter; Sven Oscarsson; Jos Buijs (26-35).
In this investigation, the structure, stability, and orientation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed onto silica particles were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and limited proteolysis in combination with mass spectrometry (MS). DSC gave information on the overall structural stability of BSA while limited proteolysis was used to probe the accessibility of enzymatic cleavage sites, thereby yielding information on the orientation and structure of BSA adsorbed to silica surfaces. Thermal investigation of BSA in various buffers, both free in solution and in the adsorbed state, showed that solutes that surround the protein played an important role with respect to the overall structural stability and the structural heterogeneity of BSA. Limited proteolysis with trypsin and chymotrypsin indicated that BSA in the adsorbed state is oriented with domain 2 facing the silica surface. Also, upon adsorption, no additional cleavage sites were exposed. The combination of the results presented in this study implied that BSA molecules adsorbed onto silica particles were significantly reduced in their structural stability, but not to an extent that internal residues within the native structure became fully exposed to the solution.
Keywords: Adsorption; BSA; DSC; Protein; Proteolysis; Mass spectrometry; Silica;
Optimization and improvement of PM2.5 thermophoretic deposition efficiency in turbulent gas flowing over tube surfaces by Zhou Tao; Wang Zenghui; Yang Ruichang (36-41).
PM2.5 thermophoretic deposition efficiency in turbulent gas flowing over tube surfaces is analyzed using the new concept of potential capacity and potential capacity variation. According to Romay's model, a thermophoretic deposition efficiency model in turbulent gas flowing over tube surfaces is built up based on the potential capacity. Through computing and analyzing thermophoretic deposition efficiency, PM2.5 thermophoretic deposition efficiency in turbulent gas flowing over tube surfaces in direct ratio to the potential capacity variation and in inverse ratio to the temperature ratio of tube wall to entrance gas–particle mixture. And the imprecise notion of thermophoretic deposition efficiency direct ratio to the temperature difference between tube wall and entrance gas–particle mixture is reviewed. There are credible foundations to be provided for improving and researching thermophoretic deposition efficiency in theory and experiment.
Keywords: PM2.5; Thermophoretic deposition efficiency; Potential capacity; Turbulent flow;
Interaction of Ag(I), Hg(II), and Cu(II) with 1,2-ethanedithiol immobilized on chitosan: Thermochemical data from isothermal calorimetry by Eunice F.S. Vieira; Antonio R. Cestari; Elias de B. Santos; Francisco S. Dias (42-47).
The nature of interactions between metal ions Ag(I), Hg(II), Cu(II) and chitosan derivative of 1,2-ethanedithiol, QTDT, was investigated by isothermal calorimetry using the membrane breaking technique. Simultaneous determination of thermal effects, Q int , and amount of cation that interacts, n int , are described. The experimental data have been interpreted in terms of the Langmuir equation to determine the maximum adsorption capacity to form a monolayer, N mon , and the energy of interaction for a saturated monolayer per gram of QTDT, Q mon . With N mon and Q mon , the molar enthalpy of interaction for formation of a monolayer of anchored cations per gram of QTDT, Δ mon H m , was determined. The Δ mon H m values for Ag(I), Hg(II), and Cu(II) were −60.56, −58.05, and −84.36 kJ mol−1, respectively. Negative values of ΔG show the spontaneity of the interaction processes. The least entropically favourable processes, i.e., those which present more negative ΔS values, seem to be compensated by the more favourable enthalpic parameter.
Keywords: Isothermal calorimetry; Interaction of metal ions; Adsorption; Chitosan;
Effect of alkali metal cations on adsorption of guar gum onto quartz by Xiaodong Ma; Marek Pawlik (48-55).
The effect of cesium, potassium, sodium, and lithium cations on the adsorption of natural guar gum onto quartz was investigated. The role of these ions was analyzed in terms of their water structure-making or -breaking capabilities. In the presence of structure makers (Na+, Li+) the polymer adsorption density did not change compared to the adsorption levels observed in distilled water. However, in dilute solutions (0.01 N) of structure-breaking cations (Cs+, K+) the adsorption density of guar gum significantly increased, with potassium and cesium producing the same adsorption densities of the polymer. The resulting colloidal aggregation/dispersion equilibria in the quartz–guar gum system were discussed and mechanisms of guar gum–quartz interactions were also suggested. Assuming hydrogen bonding to be the driving adsorption mechanism, it was proposed that guar gum molecules compete with water for silanol surface sites. Structure-breaking cations disturb the interfacial water structure around the quartz particles thus allowing the polymer to more closely approach the quartz surface and interact with the surface groups.
Keywords: Guar gum; Quartz; Polymer adsorption; Ionic strength; Water structure;
Guest-controlling effects on ER behaviors of β-cyclodextrin polymer by Zi-Wei Gao; Xiao-Peng Zhao (56-62).
An effective and novel approach to obtaining electrorheological particles with high performance through the formation of host–guest complexes has been achieved. The significant preponderance of the host–guest complex formation is that the host structure can be controlled easily by adding different guests. Based on this point, six supramolecular complexes of β-cyclodextrin cross-linking polymer with salicylic acid (β-CDP-1), 5-chlorosalicylic acid (β-CDP-2), 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid (β-CDP-3), 5-nitrosalicylic acid (β-CDP-4), 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (β-CDP-5), or 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (β-CDP-6) particles were synthesized. The electrorheological yield stresses of the suspensions of these particles in silicone oil have been investigated under DC electric fields. It was found that the yield stress of the typical β-CDP-1 ER fluid was 5.6 kPa in 4 kV/mm, which is much higher than that of pure β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP), that of pure salicylic acid as well as that of the mixture of the host with the guest. It is clearly indicated that the formation of supramolecular complexes between β-CDP and salicylic acid can enhance the ER properties of the host. The similar results for other supramolecular complexes with different guests have also been obtained under the same DC electric fields. The yield stress of supramolecular complexes is strongly affected by the structure of guests. Among the six investigated guests, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid gave the highest ER property having a yield stress of 9.8 kPa under 4 kV/mm DC while cross-linked with β-CDP to form β-CDP-6. The yield stress of β-CDP-6 was significantly increased by 72% in comparison with that of the pure β-CDP. However, the yield stress of β-CDP-1–5 slightly increased by 34–41% as compared with that of the pure β-CDP. The achieved results indicate that the ER effect of host–guest complexes can be greatly affected by the changes of the tremendous guest structure, whereas the slight guest structural transposition, such as altering different groups of a guest, can only obtain the adjacent electrorheological behavior. The dielectric properties of these host–guest complexes also proved that the ER effect can be affected by the properties of guest.
Keywords: Electrorheological fluids; β-Cyclodextrin; Supramolecular complex;
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe and Co nanoparticles embedded in powdered Al2O3 by Otávio Santini; Adriano R. de Moraes; Dante H. Mosca; Paulo E.N. de Souza; Adilson J.A. de Oliveira; Rafael Marangoni; Fernando Wypych (63-70).
The structural and magnetic properties of powdered composites consisting of nanosized Fe and Co particles embedded in alumina grains have been investigated. The composites were synthesized by a novel and simple method using co-precipitation from a hybrid gel solution containing layered double hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide. After a vacuum annealing procedure, the Fe composites have a negligible number of Fe+3 ions and a high concentration of crystalline α-Fe nanoparticles having truncated polyhedron shapes with an average diameter of 20 nm that are physically well separated from each other. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature revealed a superparamagnetic-like behavior characteristic of an assembly of fine particles. A spurious ferromagnetism related to surface interaction between magnetic particles from different powder grains and the formation mechanism of the composites are also discussed.
Keywords: Layered materials; Nanostructures; Alumina; Iron nanoparticles; Magnetic properties;
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles by dispersion/emulsion polymerization process by Lior Boguslavsky; Sigal Baruch; Shlomo Margel (71-85).
Polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles in sizes ranging from approximately 35 to 270 nm were prepared by dispersion/emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile in a continuous aqueous phase in the presence of potassium persulfate as initiator and various alkyl-sulfate and sulfonate surfactants. The influence of various polymerization parameters (e.g., concentration of monomer and initiator, type and concentration of surfactant, temperature and time of polymerization, ionic strength, pH and co-solvent concentration) on the properties (e.g., size and size distribution, yield, stability, etc.) of the particles has been investigated. The polymerization of acrylonitrile may occur in two major locations: in the aqueous continuous phase (dispersion polymerization) and/or within the surfactant micelles (emulsion polymerization). A discussion concerning the role of these two mechanisms under different conditions, including comparison with previous literature, is also presented. Surface and bulk characterizations of the particles were performed by methods such as transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, and gravimetric measurements.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; Polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles; Dispersion polymerization; Emulsion polymerization;
Influence of sodium polyacrylate on the rheology of aqueous LAPONITE® dispersions by Jordi Labanda; Joan Llorens (86-93).
Aqueous LAPONITE® dispersions containing a sodium polyacrylate were analyzed, at fixed ionic strength and pH, by rheometric and electroacoustic (for zeta-potential determinations) techniques at 7 days after their preparation. The rheological behavior of these dispersions was determined by oscillatory and flow experiments. Addition of sodium polyacrylate modifies the interactions between LAPONITE® particles and therefore the physical state of the dispersion. The phase diagram of LAPONITE® dispersion as a function of sodium polyacrylate concentration shows different sol–gel transitions for a specific LAPONITE® concentration as a function of the polyacrylate concentration. Under equilibrium flow conditions the LAPONITE® dispersions fit the pseudoplastic Oswald–de Waele power law model. At the same time, these dispersions show thixotropy, which was analyzed using a second-order kinetic equation. The kinetic processes were characterized by breakdown and build-up parameters, which were found to depend on shear rate. This kinetic equation was modified by a power law exponent of viscosity with shear rate that takes into account the viscosity variations when the shear rates are suddenly changed, in order to fit the hysteresis loops.
Keywords: Rheology; Viscoelasticity; Phase diagram; Thixotropy; Kinetic model; LAPONITE®; Sodium polyacrylate;
Photophoresis of an aerosol sphere normal to a plane wall by Huan J. Keh; Fu C. Hsu (94-103).
A combined analytical–numerical study is presented for the quasisteady photophoretic motion of a spherical aerosol particle of arbitrary thermal conductivity and surface properties exposed to a radiative flux perpendicular to a large plane wall. The Knudsen number is assumed to be so small that the fluid flow is described by a continuum model with a temperature jump, a thermal slip, and a frictional slip at the surface of the radiation-absorbing particle. In the limit of small Peclet and Reynolds numbers, the appropriate equations of conservation of energy and momentum for the system are solved using a boundary collocation method and numerical results for the photophoretic velocity of the particle are obtained for various cases. The presence of the neighboring wall causes two basic effects on the particle velocity: first, the local temperature gradient on the particle surface is enhanced or reduced by the wall, thereby speeding up or slowing down the particle; second, the wall increases viscous retardation of the moving particle. The net effect of the wall can decrease or increase the particle velocity, depending upon the relative conductivity and surface properties of the particle as well as the relative particle–wall separation distance. In general, the boundary effect of a plane wall on the photophoresis of an aerosol particle can be quite significant in some situations. In most aerosol systems, the boundary effect on photophoresis is weaker than that on the motion driven by a gravitational field.
Keywords: Photophoresis; Aerosol sphere; Thin Knudsen layer; Boundary effect;
Assessment of the surface areas of silica and clay in acid-leached clay materials using concepts of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces by J.P. Nguetnkam; R. Kamga; F. Villiéras; G.E. Ekodeck; A. Razafitianamaharavo; J. Yvon (104-115).
Two clays of the areas of Kaélé and Kousseri (extreme North Cameroon) containing mainly smectites and minor amounts of kaolinite were activated with sulfuric acid (1 to 8 N). Crystal-chemical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and chemical analysis, while textural properties were analyzed by step-by-step nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and low-pressure quasi-equilibrium argon adsorption at 77 K. As is generally observed, smectite is more sensitive to acid leaching than kaolinite. As a result of smectite decomposition, amorphous Al-containing silica forms, leading to an increase in the specific surface area of the leached materials. The content of the clay minerals and amorphous silica can be estimated on the basis of changes in the chemical composition of the samples upon acid leaching. As far as adsorption energy distributions derived from low-pressure argon derivative adsorption isotherms are concerned, the main modifications occur when 1 N sulfuric acid is used, due to the replacement of calcium and sodium compensating cations by protons. When higher acid concentrations are used, variations in adsorption energy distribution can be assigned to the presence of amorphous silica. It was possible to model experimental adsorption energy distributions as weighted sums of argon adsorption energy distributions obtained on (i) 1 N samples representing protonated clays and (ii) a silica gel used as a reference aluminous silica. Using such an approach, increasing acid concentration results in an increase in the surface area of silica, whereas the surface area of the remaining clay minerals remains roughly constant.
Keywords: Clay minerals; Silica; Acid leaching; Specific surface area; Surface heterogeneity;
Light extinction at agglomerates of spheres—A practical test on the submicroscale by Uwe Kätzel; Frederic Gruy; Frank Babick; Wolfgang Klöden (116-124).
Today's theories applied to the inversion of measurement data from optical measurement devices are restricted to single spherical particles. However, particles formed in industrial processes such as precipitation and crystallization are often nonspherical or agglomerates. Theoretical approaches to describe the optical behavior of such particle systems have already been proposed. The verification of these theories has mostly been done using microwave scattering experiments with agglomerates in the millimeter range. This paper provides a first but surely not all-embracing practical test for a general extension of the Mie theory to agglomerates of submicroscale spheres. For the sake of simplicity and from practical viewpoints of online-sensor development only light extinction of an agglomerated suspension has been examined. The required rigid agglomerates have been produced using a spray-drying method that generates particles with a much higher mechanical stability than can be obtained by the usual procedures. Subsequent fractionation of the suspension delivers systems with only a limited number of agglomerate configurations. Extinction measurements at multiple wavelengths using dynamic extinction spectroscopy have been conducted to determine the extinction cross section of the agglomerated dispersions. These data are compared with computations of agglomerates scattering.
Keywords: Light extinction; Mie theory; Agglomerates; Dynamic extinction spectroscopy;
A novel method for synthesis of silica nanoparticles by Kota Sreenivasa Rao; Khalil El-Hami; Tsutomu Kodaki; Kazumi Matsushige; Keisuke Makino (125-131).
A sequential method has been used, for the first time, to prepare monodisperse and uniform-size silica nanoparticles using ultrasonication by sol–gel process. The silica particles were obtained by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol medium and a detailed study was carried out on the effect of different reagents on particle sizes. Various-sized particles in the range 20–460 nm were synthesized. The reagents ammonia (2.8–28 mol L−1), ethanol (1–8 mol L−1), water (3–14 mol L−1), and TEOS (0.012–0.12 mol L−1) were used and particle size was examined under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the above observations, the effect of temperature on particle size was studied. The results obtained in the present study are in agreement with the results observed for the electronic absorption behavior of silica particles, which was measured by UV–vis spectrophotometry.
Keywords: Silica nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; UV–vis spectrophotometry;
Identification of superactive centers in thermally treated formamide-intercalated kaolinite by Erzsébet Horváth; János Kristóf; Ray L. Frost; Emma Jakab; Éva Makó; Veronika Vágvölgyi (132-138).
The thermal behavior of a formamide-intercalated mechanochemically activated (dry-ground) kaolinite was investigated by thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT). After the removal of adsorbed and intercalated formamide, a third type of bonded reagent was identified in the temperature range 230–350 °C decomposing in situ to CO and NH3. The presence of formamide decomposition products, as well as CO2 and various carbonates identified by DRIFT spectroscopy, indicates the formation of superactive centers as a result of mechanochemical activation and heat treatment (thermal deintercalation). The structural variance of surface species decreases with the increase of grinding time. The unground mineral contains a small amount of weakly acidic and basic centers. After 3 h of grinding, the number of acidic centers increases significantly, while on further grinding the superactive centers show increased basicity. With the increase of grinding time and treatment temperature the number of bicarbonate- and bidentate-type structures decreases in favor of the carboxylate- and monodentate-type ones.
Keywords: Kaolinite; Intercalation; Mechanochemical activation; Thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG-MS); Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT);
Sensitivity of the acid–base properties of clays to the methods of preparation and measurement by Myriam Duc; Fabien Gaboriaud; Fabien Thomas (139-147).
Measuring and modeling the surface charge of clays, and more especially smectites, has become an important issue in the use of bentonites as a waste confinement material aimed at retarding migration of water and solutes. Therefore, many studies of the acid–base properties of montmorillonite have appeared recently in the literature, following older studies principally devoted to cation exchange. It is striking that beyond the consensus about the complex nature of the surface charge of clays, there are many discrepancies, especially concerning the dissociable charge, that prevents intercomparison among the published data. However, a general trend is observed regarding the absence of common intersection point on raw titration curves at different ionic strengths. Analysis of the literature shows that these discrepancies originate from the experimental procedures for the preparation of the clays and for the quantification of their surface charge. The present work is an attempt to understand how these procedures can impact the final results. Three critical operations can be identified as having significant effects on the surface properties of the studied clays. The first one is the preparation of purified clay from the raw material: the use of acid or chelation treatments, and the repeated washings in deionized water result in partial dissolution of the clays. Then storage of the purified clay in dry or wet conditions strongly influences the equilibria in the subsequent experiments respectively by precipitation or enhanced dissolution. The third critical operation is the quantification of the surface charge by potentiometric titration, which requires the use of strong acids and bases. As a consequence, besides dissociation of surface sites, many secondary titrant consuming reactions were described in the literature, such as cation exchange, dissolution, hydrolysis, or precipitation. The cumulated effects make it difficult to derive proper dissociation constants, and to build adequate models. The inadequation of the classical surface complexation models to describe the acid–base behavior of clays is illustrated by the electrokinetic behavior of smectites, which is independent from the pH and the ionic strength. Therefore, there is still a need on one hand for accurate data recorded in controlled conditions, and on the other hand for new models taking into account the complex nature of the charge of clays.
Keywords: Clay; Montmorillonite; Potentiometric titration; Surface charge; Electrokinetics;
Sensitivity of the acid–base properties of clays to the methods of preparation and measurement by Myriam Duc; Fabien Gaboriaud; Fabien Thomas (148-156).
The effects of experimental procedures on the acid–base consumption titration curves of montmorillonite suspension were studied using continuous potentiometric titration. For that purpose, the hysteresis amplitudes between the acid and base branches were found to be useful to systematically evaluate the impacts of storage conditions (wet or dried), the atmosphere in titration reactor, the solid–liquid ratio, the time interval between successive increments, and the ionic strength. In the case of storage conditions, the increase of the hysteresis was significantly higher for longer storage of clay in suspension and drying procedures compared to "fresh" clay suspension. The titration carried out under air demonstrated carbonate contamination that could only be cancelled by performing experiments under inert gas. Interestingly, the increase of the time intervals between successive increments of titrant strongly emphasized the amplitude of hysteresis, which could be correlated with the slow kinetic process specifically observed for acid addition in acid media. Thus, such kinetic behavior is probably associated with dissolution processes of clay particles. However, the resulting curves recorded at different ionic strengths under optimized conditions did not show the common intersection point required to define point of zero charge. Nevertheless, the ionic strength dependence of the point of zero net proton charge suggested that the point of zero charge of sodic montmorillonite could be estimated as lower than 5.
Keywords: Clay; Montmorillonite; Potentiometric titration; Acid–base properties; Point of zero charge;
Composition and structure of iron oxidation surface layers produced in weak acidic solutions by Gonzalo Montes Atenas; Ela Mielczarski; Jerzy A. Mielczarski (157-170).
Although oxidation/passivation of iron in basic solution has been extensively investigated, there is very little information on iron corrosion in weak acidic solutions. In this work, iron surface composition and structure, produced in aerobic aqueous solutions ranging from pH 2 to 5, were determined in detail by the use of infrared external reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The most striking observation is that at pH 2 and 3 almost all oxidized iron is dissolved in solution, whereas at pH 4 and 5 the product of iron oxidation is deposited on the iron surface in the form of lepidocrocite, γ-FeOOH. Detailed iron surface and solution analyses allow the proposition of the following overall oxidation reactions: Fe 0 + 2 H + + 1 2 O 2 + 5H 2 O → Fe ( H 2 O ) 6 ( aq ) 2 + , for pH 2 and 3 , Fe 0 + 3 4 O 2 + 1 2 H 2 O → FeOOH ( surf ) , for pH 4 and 5 . At pH 2 and 3, only a very thin surface layer consisting of FeO and Fe(OH)2 with polymeric structure is observed on the iron surface. The amounts of these surface species remain almost constant (2–5 nm) from the first minutes to a few hours of reaction, if pH is kept constant. Nevertheless, with time the akaganeite-like, β-FeOOH structure is also detected. At pH 4 and 5, the amount of lepidocrocite deposited on the iron surface increases with reaction time. Detailed quantitative evaluation of the lepidocrocite produced at pH 5 and its surface distribution on iron was performed based on the comparison of infrared spectroscopic data with spectral simulation results of assumed surface structures. At pH 4 and 5 and a temperature of 40–50 °C, in addition to a very large amount of lepidocrocite other oxy-hydroxide surface species such as goethite (α-FeOOH) and feroxyhite (δ-FeOOH), were identified. Addition of Cl− ions to solution at 10−3 M concentration at pH 5 increases the oxidation rate of iron by about 50%, and lepidocrocite remains the only oxidation product. Similarly, an addition of Fe2+ ions to solution at pH 5 very strongly enhances lepidocrocite formation as well as its conductivity. The latter finding is important for the possible application of metallic iron as a catalyst in redox reactions, for example, for decomposition of difficult-to-biodegrade water pollutants.
Keywords: Iron surface oxidation; Spectroscopic studies; Reaction pathways; Surface composition and structure; Acidic pH;
Remarkable influence of surface composition and structure of oxidized iron layer on orange I decomposition mechanisms by Gonzalo Montes Atenas; Ela Mielczarski; Jerzy A. Mielczarski (171-183).
Although the decomposition of water pollutants in the presence of metallic iron is known, the reaction pathways and mechanisms of the decomposition of azo-dyes have been meagerly investigated. The interface phenomena taking place during orange I decomposition have been investigated with the use of infrared external reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The studies presented in this paper establish that there are close relationships between the composition and structure of the iron surface oxidized layers and the kinetics and reaction pathway of orange decomposition. The influence of the molecular structure of azo-dye on the produced intermediates was also studied. There are remarkable differences in orange I decomposition between pH 3 and pH 5 at 30 °C. Decomposition at pH 3 is very fast with pseudo-first-order kinetics, whereas at pH 5 the reaction is slower with pseudo-zero-order kinetics. At pH 3, only one amine, namely 1-amino-4-naphthol, was identified as an intermediate that undergoes future decomposition. Sulfanilic acid, the second harmful reduction product, was not found in our studies. At pH 3, the iron surface is covered only by a very thin layer of polymeric Fe(OH)2 mixed with FeO that ensures orange reduction by a combination of an electron transfer reaction and a catalytic hydrogenation reaction. At pH 5, the iron surface is covered up to a few micrometers thick, with a very spongy and porous layer of lepidocrocite enriched in Fe2+ ions, which slows the electron transfer process. The fastest decomposition reaction was found at a potential near −300 mV (standard hydrogen electrode). An addition of Fe2+ ions to solution, iron preoxidation in water, or an increase of temperature all result in an increasing decomposition rate. There is no single surface product that would inhibit the decomposition of orange. This information is crucial to perform efficient, clean and low cost waste water treatment. The findings presented here make the treatment of wastewater in the presence of metallic iron a very promising solution.
Keywords: Water pollutants; Azo-dye; Decomposition pathways; Kinetics; Surface reactions; Acidic solutions;
Inhibition of cold rolled steel corrosion by Tween-20 in sulfuric acid: Weight loss, electrochemical and AFM approaches by Guannan Mu; Xianghong Li (184-192).
The inhibiting action of a nonionic surfactant of Tween-20 on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 0.5–7.0 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was studied by weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Atomic force microscope (AFM) provided the surface conditions. The results show that inhibition efficiency increases with the inhibitor concentration, while it decreases with the sulfuric acid concentration. The adsorption of inhibitor on the cold rolled steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Effect of immersion time was studied and discussed. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of cold rolled steel was also studied at four temperatures ranging from 30 to 60 °C, the thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption free energy, and adsorption entropy were calculated. The results revealed that the adsorption was physisorption mechanism. A kinetic study of cold rolled steel in uninhibited and inhibited acid was also discussed. The kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy, pre-exponential factor, rate constant, and reaction constant were calculated for the reactions of corrosion. The inhibition effect is satisfactorily explained by both thermodynamic and kinetic models. Polarization curves show that Tween-20 is a cathodic-type inhibitor in sulfuric acid. The results obtained from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization are in good agreement, and the Tween-20 inhibition action could also be evidenced by surface AFM images.
Keywords: Tween-20; Corrosion inhibitor; Cold rolled steel; AFM; Sulfuric acid; Adsorption;
Vibration-induced mobilization of trapped oil ganglia in porous media: Experimental validation of a capillary-physics mechanism by Wenqing Li; R. Dennis Vigil; Igor A. Beresnev; Pavel Iassonov; Robert Ewing (193-199).
The development of methods for mobilizing residual organic liquids trapped in porous media is becoming increasingly important as world demand for oil increases and because of the need to remediate aquifers degraded by slow-dissolving organic contaminants. Low-frequency elastic wave stimulation is one such technique, but until recently the lack of a mechanistic understanding of the effects of vibration on mobilization of oil ganglia has prevented the method from being applied predictably in the field. Recently, a simple capillary-physics mechanism has been developed to explain vibration-induced mobilization of a trapped non-wetting organic phase in porous media. Specific predictions that follow from this hypothesized mechanism are that vibrations will be most effective in mobilizing trapped oil when the acceleration amplitude is within an optimal range of values (that depend on the magnitudes of the capillary forces trapping the ganglia and the imposed static pressure gradients) and for sufficiently low vibration frequencies. In this paper we describe two-dimensional glass micromodel experiments that support these predictions.
Keywords: Elastic wave stimulation; Multiphase flow; Porous media; Acoustic stimulation; Enhanced oil recovery; Non-aqueous phase liquids;
Tuning the arrangement of mono-crown ether-substituted phthalocyanines in Langmuir–Blodgett films by the length of alkyl chains and the cation in subphase by Yanli Chen; Shuying Zhao; Xiyou Li; Jianzhuang Jiang (200-205).
Amphiphilic phthalocyanines with one crown ether and three alkyl chain substitutions can form stable monolayers on a water surface. This monolayer can be transferred to a substrate by a vertical dipping method. The arrangement of phthalocyanine molecules in LB films was affected by the length of alkyl chains and the coordination of alkali ions in crown ether. Davydov splitting was observed in the absorption spectra of the LB films of phthalocyanine with the shortest alkyl chain substitutions, and this splitting was affected by the alkali ions in the subphase.
Keywords: Phthalocyanine; Langmuir–Blodgett; Crown ether; Davydov splitting; Polarized UV–vis;
AFM study of mineral wettability with reservoir oils by K. Kumar; E. Dao; K.K. Mohanty (206-217).
Wettability plays a key role in determining fluid distributions and consequently the multiphase flow and transport in petroleum reservoirs. Many crude oils have polar organic components that collect at oil–water interfaces and can adsorb onto the mineral surface if the brine film breaks, rendering the medium oil-wet or mixed-wet. Mica and silica surfaces have been aged with brine and crude oils to induce oil component adsorption. Bulk oil is eventually replaced by water in these experiments by washing with common solvents without ever drying the mineral surface. The organic deposit on the mineral surface is studied by atomic force microscopy in the tapping mode under water. Drying the surface during the removal of bulk oil induces artifacts; it is essential to keep the surface wet at all times before atomic force microscopy or contact angle measurement. As the mean thickness of the organic deposit increases, the oil–water contact angle increases. The organic deposits left behind after extraction of oil by common aromatic solvents used in core studies, such as toluene and decalin, are thinner than those left behind by non-aromatic solvents, such as cyclohexane. The force of adhesion with a probe sphere for minerals aged with just the asphaltene fraction is similar to that of the whole oil. The force of adhesion for the minerals aged with just the resin fraction is the highest of all SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) fractions.
Keywords: Wettability; Atomic force microscopy; Contact angle; Asphaltenes; Oil-wet;
Calculation the surface tension of heptane, eicosane, docosane, tetracosane, and their asymmetric mixtures by Setareh Sheikh (218-222).
A method to calculate and predict the surface tension of n-alkanes including heptane, eicosane, docosane, tetracosane, and their asymmetric mixtures has been proposed. Reduced coordinates, σ ∗ and T ∗ , where σ ∗ is the reduced surface tension and T ∗ is the reduced temperature, are introduced for the prediction of surface tension. According to the phenomenological scaling and considering the law of corresponding states correlation, these reduced coordinates result in a single curve for the surface tension as a function of temperature. In the correlation the melting temperature, T m , is applied as the corresponding temperature for these substances and their mixtures. The relationship between σ ∗ and T ∗ has a linear form and is expressed by σ ∗ = a + b T ∗ , where a and b are temperature-independent constants. With this relationship the predicted values of surface tension of these substances and their mixtures are in good agreement with experimental ones. %AAD, percent average absolute deviation, for these four pure n-alkanes is 1.02% and for their four asymmetric mixtures is less than 0.70%.
Keywords: Corresponding states correlation; Surface tension; Reduced surface tension; Reduced temperature; n-Alkanes; Asymmetric mixtures;
Electrorheological Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of a fluid sheet by Yusry O. El-Dib; R.T. Matoog (223-241).
The present work deals with the gravitational stability of an electrified Maxwellian fluid sheet shearing under the influence of a vertical periodic electric field. The field produces surface charges on the interfaces of the fluid sheet. Due to the rather complicated nature of the problem a mathematical simplification is considered where the weak effects of viscoelastic fluids are taken into account. The solutions of the linearized equations of motion and boundary conditions lead to two simultaneous Mathieu equations with damping terms and having complex coefficients. Stability criteria are discussed through the assumption of symmetric and anti-symmetric deformations. The disappearance of surface charges from the interfaces obeys a certain relation derived in the marginal state. Furthermore, the case dealing with general deformation is discussed through marginal state analysis. The stability behavior in resonant and nonresonant cases are studied. In addition, the stability picture in the case of absence of the field frequency is studied. The numerical examination for stability showed that the relaxation time ratio plays a destabilizing influence in the case of anti-symmetric deformation or in the general deformation. The stabilizing effect for the relaxation time ratio is saved in the case of general deformation in the presence of the field frequency. In the later case the viscosity, the velocity, and the thickness parameter play a stabilizing influence. A dual role is readied for these parameters in the absence of the field frequency or in the anti-symmetric deformation. The field frequency still plays a destabilizing role in both cases.
Keywords: Electrorheological fluids; Maxwell fluids; Kelvin–Helmholtz instability; Multiple scale method;
Extended time range modeling of myelin growth by Rajiv Taribagil; M.A. Arunagirinathan; C. Manohar; Jayesh R. Bellare (242-248).
When some poorly water-soluble solid surfactants are contacted with water, several microstructures are observed as part of the dissolution process of the surfactants in water. One such microstructure called "myelin," which is observed when a surfactant like phosphatidylcholine is contacted with water, is the subject of this paper. In this study we have used video microscopy to investigate myelin growth over a wide time range, namely 0.25–700 s, and found that existing models do not correctly express myelin growth over extended time ranges. When studied over a wide time range, the myelin growth was found to evolve over three distinct regimes, namely ballistic, diffusional, and subdiffusional regimes. The underlying growth models are physically explained and mathematically expressed. A relationship is derived between the width of myelin and the growth rate at long times. The estimated width of myelin is consistent with experiments.
Keywords: Myelin; Phosphatidylcholine; Modeling; Ballistic; Diffusional; Subdiffusional;
Silane adsorption onto cellulose fibers: Hydrolysis and condensation reactions by Marie-Christine Brochier Salon; Makki Abdelmouleh; Sami Boufi; Mohamed Naceur Belgacem; Alessandro Gandini (249-261).
The hydrolysis of three alkoxysilane coupling agents, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and γ-diethylenetriaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (TAS), was carried out in an ethanol/water (80/20) solution and followed by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, which showed that its rate increased in the order MPS < APS < TAS. The formation of the silanol groups was followed by their self-condensation to generate oligomeric structure. APS and MPS only gave soluble products, whereas colloidal particles precipitated in the medium when TAS was hydrolyzed. Pristine and hydrolyzed MPS were then adsorbed onto a cellulose substrate and thereafter a thermal treatment at 110–120 °C under reduced pressure was applied to the modified fibers to create permanent bonding of the coupling agent at their surface.
Two touching spherical drops in uniaxial extensional flow: Analytic solution to the creeping flow problem by Fabio Baldessari; L. Gary Leal (262-270).
We solve the problem of the creeping motion of a uniaxial extensional flow past two touching spherical drops when the line of centers is parallel to the axis of symmetry of the flow, using tangent sphere coordinates. We apply this solution to the case of two equal size drops. It provides an exact result for the equal and opposite force acting on each drop along the line of centers. We also use it to determine the magnitude of the internal recirculating flow in the vicinity of the rear stagnation point, which can be used to evaluate the importance of this flow on the film drainage process for two (nearly) touching drops in a coalescence process for the limiting case, Ca ≪ 1 .
Keywords: Particle fluid mechanics; Force calculation; Extensional flow;
Experiments on the role of gas height in the Rayleigh–Marangoni instability problem by O. Ozen; E. Theisen; D.T. Johnson; P.C. Dauby; R. Narayanan (271-275).
Experimental evidence is provided to show the effect of gas phase dynamics on the onset of thermal convection and on the accompanying patterns in a silicone oil–air convecting bilayer. Very good agreement with three-dimensional calculations for linearized stability is obtained mostly for small and large gas heights. Reasons for this agreement as well as the results at intermediate gas heights are qualitatively explained from the perspective of well-established nonlinear analysis.
Keywords: Interfacial instability; Convection; Marangoni; Bilayers;
Influence of magnetic interactions between clusters on particle orientational characteristics and viscosity of a colloidal dispersion composed of ferromagnetic spherocylinder particles: Analysis by means of mean field approximation for a simple shear flow by Akira Satoh (276-285).
We have theoretically investigated the particle orientational distribution and viscosity of a dense colloidal dispersion composed of ferromagnetic spherocylinder particles under an applied magnetic field. The mean field approximation has been applied to take into account the magnetic interactions of the particle of interest with the other ones that belong to the neighboring clusters, besides those that belong to its own cluster. The basic equation of the orientational distribution function, which is an integrodifferential equation, has approximately been solved by Galerkin's method and the method of successive approximation. Some of the main results obtained here are summarized as follows. Even when the magnetic interaction between particles is of the order of the thermal energy, the effect of particle–particle interactions on the orientational distribution comes to appear more significant with increasing volumetric fraction of particles; the orientational distribution function exhibits a sharper peak in the direction nearer to the magnetic field one as the volumetric fraction increases. Such a significant inclination of the particle in the field direction induces the large increase in viscosity in the range of larger values of the volumetric fraction. The above-mentioned characteristics of the orientational distribution and viscosity come to appear more significantly when the influence of the applied magnetic field is not so strong compared with that of magnetic particle–particle interactions.
Keywords: Ferromagnetic colloidal dispersion; Mean field approximation; Simple shear flow; Spherocylinder; Orientational distribution function; Viscosity; Galerkin's method;
Near-wall electrophoretic motion of spherical particles in cylindrical capillaries by Xiangchun Xuan; Chunzhen Ye; Dongqing Li (286-290).
In this paper, near-wall electrophoretic motion of spherical particles in cylindrical capillaries was experimentally investigated. It is demonstrated that same-sized particles move faster in smaller capillaries. This observation verifies the theoretical prediction of the wall enhancing effect in our recent paper (C. Ye, X. Xuan, D. Li, Microfluid. Nanofluid. 1 (2005)). Our experiments show that this wall enhancing effect becomes more significant when the size difference between particle and capillary becomes smaller and when a dilute electrolyte solution (i.e., thicker electric double layer) is used.
Keywords: Electrophoretic motion; Wall effect; Spherical particle; Cylindrical capillary;
Electroosmotic flow in microchannels with arbitrary geometry and arbitrary distribution of wall charge by Xiangchun Xuan; Dongqing Li (291-303).
General solutions are developed for direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electroosmotic flows in microfluidic channels with arbitrary cross-sectional geometry and arbitrary distribution of wall charge (zeta potential). The applied AC electric field can also be of arbitrary waveform. By proposing a nondimensional time scale ϖ defined as the ratio of the diffusion time of momentum across the electric double-layer thickness to the period of the applied electric field, we demonstrate analytically that the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski electroosmotic velocity is an appropriate slip condition for AC electroosmotic flows in typical microfluidic applications. With this slip condition approach, electroosmotic flows in rectangular and asymmetric trapezoidal microchannels with nonuniform wall charge, as examples, are investigated. The unknown constants in the proposed general solutions are numerically determined with a least-squares method through matching the boundary conditions. We find that the wall charge affects significantly the electroosmotic flow while the channel geometry does not. Moreover, the flow feature is characterized by another nondimensional time scale Ω defined as the ratio of the diffusion time of momentum across the channel hydraulic radius to the period of the applied electric field. The onset of phase shift between AC electroosmotic velocity and applied electric field is also examined analytically.
Keywords: Electroosmotic flow; Microchannel; Direct current; Alternating current;


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As a kid I want to do everything by myself....and I still live like this, except, now I want to play also with others and I love to show and teach how to play with fabric, so I did start to work on ...
As a kid I want to do everything by myself....and I still live like this, except, now I want to play also with others and I love to show and teach how to play with fabric, so I did start to work on sewing step by step tutorials with my own patterns.
Will you play with me? Come, the fun is starting...
My new thing are my VIDEO CLASSES, a lot of them is about sewing. You could found me here https://www.skillshare.com/lidijamiklavcic and you could join me and play along.
Have a nice creative day.
Could a woman have too many shoes? Maybe, but I(tm)m not close to that jet, so I design shoes. It is something spatial if you have a handmade pair of shoe. It feels good if you have a designer pair of shoes, and your limit is just a budget.
I think it is special also if you have your own pair of shoes. Not just that you wear them, but that you could make them. With a little help of instructions you could get your perfect pair of shoes in your favorite color combination.
They are totally handmade and they are handmade by you, yes, by you alone.
How good is this? I really like it.
Also you don(tm)t need to have all cobblers(tm) tools, just two needles, and a good knife and shoe cement - glue. That is all.
The shoes are comfortable, this is my big thing. They are gorgeous, simple and chick. Every stitch on them is made by your hands just with two needles. If you have it; you could also use stitching awl, but still they are made by you and just for you or your love ones.
I did make the video too, so it will be even easier, but it is actually not hard to make them, because you just need to make 3 stitches, and they repeat so when you will finish first stitch in the heel section, you will already know how to do everything else too.
So, if you love to have comfy shoes this is for you, enjoy the walk.
PS; pattern document is made for A4 printer settings and for Letter size printer settings.
Have a nice day, and enjoy in sewing.
This pattern is for personal use only. COMMERCIAL USE IS PROHIBITED. (c)Lidija Miklavcic 2013


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Who needs a TV for Mario Kart when you have a 200ft ice rink?
Nintendo's series is 20 years old... here's 20 reasons for its staying power
Out of 20 years of karting history, what are our Mario favorites?
How NOT to fail? Excellent...
No matter whose side they're on, they're always good for a helping hand or a punch in the face
Thought they were all horrible? Most of them are. But not these beauties
GR's ongoing tribute to the beloved world of videogame music