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Most Cited Current Opinion in Cell Biology Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
MTOR signaling in diseaseEva Dazert | Michael N. Hall
Volume 23, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 744-755
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase and a central controller of cell growth, metabolism and aging. Mammalian TOR (mTOR) is activated in response to nutrients, growth factors and cellular energy. Dysregulated mTOR signaling has been implicated in major disease. Here we review recent findings on the role of mTOR in cancer, metabolic disorders, neurological diseases, and inflammation. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Wnt signaling in stem and cancer stem cellsJane D. Holland | Alexandra Klaus | Alistair N. Garratt | Walter Birchmeier
Volume 25, Issue 2, January 2013, Pages 254-264
The functional versatility of Wnt/β-catenin signaling can be seen by its ability to act in stem cells of the embryo and of the adult as well as in cancer stem cells. During embryogenesis, stem cells demonstrate a requirement for β-catenin in mediating the response to Wnt signaling for their maintenance and transition from a pluripotent state. In adult stem cells, Wnt signaling functions at various hierarchical levels to contribute to specification of different tissues. This has raised the possibility that the tightly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in stem and progenitor cells is subverted in cancer cells to allow malignant progression. Intensive work is currently being performed to resolve how intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling coordinate the stem and cancer stem cell states. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Mechanisms of integrin activation and traffickingCoert Margadant | Hanneke N. Monsuur | Jim C. Norman | Arnoud Sonnenberg
Volume 23, Issue 5, October 2011, Pages 607-614
Integrin adhesion receptors are essential for the normal function of most multicellular organisms, and defective integrin activation or integrin signaling is associated with an array of pathological conditions. Integrins are regulated by conformational changes, clustering, and trafficking, and regulatory mechanisms differ strongly between individual integrins and between cell types. Whereas integrins in circulating blood cells are activated by an inside-out-induced conformational change that favors high-affinity ligand binding, β1-integrins in adherent cells can be activated by force or clustering. In addition, endocytosis and recycling play an important role in the regulation of integrin turnover and integrin redistribution in adherent cells, especially during dynamic processes such as cell migration and invasion. Integrin trafficking is strongly regulated by their cytoplasmic tails, and the mechanisms are now being identified. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Endocytosis and signalingHarald W. Platta | Harald Stenmark
Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 393-403
Many cellular signaling processes are governed by endocytosis through the internalization of plasma membrane receptors. This receptor clearance defines the quality with which a cell can react to extracellular stimuli. However, growing evidence indicates that endocytosis also enables the formation of endosome-specific signal transduction complexes. Their activity is controlled by the balanced trafficking of receptors and signaling molecules through the endocytic compartments. These are commonly divided into early endosomes, recycling endosomes, and late endosomes. Recent progress has been made in the understanding of the biogenesis of these organelles, highlighting their dynamic interconversion, maturation and also the generation of heterogenous subdomains on their surface. These multifunctional compartments represent the physical basis for the assembly and turnover of signaling complexes, which in turn themselves can define specialized endosomal-signaling platforms. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Nuclear mechanics during cell migrationPeter Friedl | Katarina Wolf | Jan Lammerding
Volume 23, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 55-64
During cell migration, the movement of the nucleus must be coordinated with the cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge and trailing end, and, as a result, undergoes complex changes in position and shape, which in turn affects cell polarity, shape, and migration efficiency. We here describe the steps of nuclear positioning and deformation during cell polarization and migration, focusing on migration through three-dimensional matrices. We discuss molecular components that govern nuclear shape and stiffness, and review how nuclear dynamics are connected to and controlled by the actin, tubulin and intermediate cytoskeleton-based migration machinery and how this regulation is altered in pathological conditions. Understanding the regulation of nuclear biomechanics has important implications for cell migration during tissue regeneration, immune defence and cancer. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Signaling cell death from the endoplasmic reticulum stress responseGordon C. Shore | Feroz R. Papa | Scott A. Oakes
Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 143-149
Inability to meet protein folding demands within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway with both adaptive and apoptotic outputs. While some secretory cell types have a remarkable ability to increase protein folding capacity, their upper limits can be reached when pathological conditions overwhelm the fidelity and/or output of the secretory pathway. Irremediable 'ER stress' induces apoptosis and contributes to cell loss in several common human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. Researchers have begun to elucidate the molecular switches that determine when ER stress is too great to repair and the signals that are then sent from the UPR to execute the cell. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Glycosylation, galectins and cellular signalingCecile Boscher | James W. Dennis | Ivan R. Nabi
Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 383-392
Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification of proteins and lipids of the secretory pathway that generates binding sites for galactose-specific lectins or galectins. Branching of Asn-linked (N-)glycans by the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (Mgat genes) increases affinity for galectins. Both tissue-specific expression of the enzymes and the metabolic supply of sugar-nucleotides to the ER and Golgi regulate glycan distribution while protein sequences specify NXS/T site multiplicity, providing metabolic and genetic contributions to galectin-glycoprotein interactions. Galectins cross-link glycoproteins forming dynamic microdomains or lattices that regulate various mediators of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation. There are a similar number of galactose-specific galectins in C. elegans and humans, but expression of higher-affinity branched N-glycans are a more recent feature of vertebrate evolution. Galectins might be considered a reading code for repetition of the minimal units of binding [Gal(NAc)β1-3/4GlcNAc] and NXS/T site multiplicity in proteins. The rapidly evolving and structurally complex Golgi modifications to surface receptors are interpreted through affinity for the lattice, which regulates receptor levels as a function of the cellular environment, and thereby the probability of various cell fates. Many important questions remain concerning the regulation of the galectins, the glycan ligands and lattice interaction with other membrane domains and endocytic pathways. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: Mechanisms and functionKirsten Sandvig | Sascha Pust | Tore Skotland | Bo van Deurs
Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 413-420
It is now about 20 years since we first wrote reviews about clathrin-independent endocytosis. The challenge at the time was to convince the reader about its existence. Then the suggestion came up that caveolae might be responsible for the uptake. However, clearly this could not be the case since a large fraction of the clathrin-independent uptake is dynamin-independent. Today, two decades later, the field has developed considerably. New techniques have enabled a detailed analysis of several clathrin-independent endocytic mechanisms, and caveolae have been found to be mostly stable structures having several functions of their own. This article aims at providing a brief update on the importance of clathrin-independent endocytic mechanisms, how the processes are regulated differentially, for instance on the poles of polarized cells, and the challenges in studying them. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy in protein quality controlEsperanza Arias | Ana Maria Cuervo
Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 184-189
Chaperone-mediated autophagy is a selective mechanism for degradation of soluble cytosolic proteins in lysosomes that distinguishes itself from other autophagic pathways by the selectivity with which CMA substrates are targeted for degradation. The recent molecular dissection of this autophagic pathway and the development of experimental models with compromised CMA have unveiled the important contribution of this pathway to protein quality control. In fact, CMA activation seems to be a common mechanism of cellular defense against proteotoxicity. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin: Key regulators of membrane-cortex interactions and signalingAmanda L. Neisch | Richard G. Fehon
Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 377-382
The cell cortex serves as a critical nexus between the extracellular environment/cell membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton and cytoplasm. In many cells, the cell cortex is organized and maintained by the Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERM) proteins, which have the ability to interact with both the plasma membrane and filamentous actin. Although this membrane-cytoskeletal linkage function is critical to stability of the cell cortex, recent studies indicate that this is only a part of what ERMs do in many cells. In addition to their role in binding filamentous actin, ERMs regulate signaling pathways through their ability to bind transmembrane receptors and link them to downstream signaling components. In this review we discuss recent evidence in a variety of cells indicating that ERMs serve as scaffolds to facilitate efficient signal transduction on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Integrin inside-out signaling and the immunological synapseTimothy A. Springer | Michael L. Dustin
Volume 24, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 107-115
Integrins dynamically equilibrate between three conformational states on cell surfaces. A bent conformation has a closed headpiece. Two extended conformations contain either a closed or an open headpiece. Headpiece opening involves hybrid domain swing-out and a 70 å separation at the integrin knees, which is conveyed by allostery from the hybrid-proximal end of the βI domain to a 3 å rearrangement of the ligand-binding site at the opposite end of the βI domain. Both bent-closed and extended-closed integrins have low affinity, whereas extended-open integrin affinity is 10 3 to 10 4 higher. Integrin-mediated adhesion requires the extended-open conformation, which in physiological contexts is stabilized by post-ligand binding events. Integrins thus discriminate between substrate-bound and soluble ligands. Analysis of LFA-1-ICAM-1 interactions in the immunological synapse suggests that bond lifetimes are on the order of seconds, which is consistent with high affinity interactions subjected to cytoskeletal forces that increase the dissociation rate. LFA-1 βI domain antagonists abrogate function in the immunological synapse, further supporting a critical role for high affinity LFA-1. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Biogenesis and secretion of exosomesJoanna Kowal | Mercedes Tkach | Clotilde Théry
Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 116-125
Although observed for several decades, the release of membrane-enclosed vesicles by cells into their surrounding environment has been the subject of increasing interest in the past few years, which led to the creation, in 2012, of a scientific society dedicated to the subject: the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. Convincing evidence that vesicles allow exchange of complex information fuelled this rise in interest. But it has also become clear that different types of secreted vesicles co-exist, with different intracellular origins and modes of formation, and thus probably different compositions and functions. Exosomes are one sub-type of secreted vesicles. They form inside eukaryotic cells in multivesicular compartments, and are secreted when these compartments fuse with the plasma membrane. Interestingly, different families of molecules have been shown to allow intracellular formation of exosomes and their subsequent secretion, which suggests that even among exosomes different sub-types exist. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Protein folding stress in neurodegenerative diseases: A glimpse into the ERSoledad Matus | Laurie H. Glimcher | Claudio Hetz
Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 239-252
Several neurodegenerative diseases share common neuropathology, primarily featuring the presence in the brain of abnormal protein inclusions containing specific misfolded proteins. Recent evidence indicates that alteration in organelle function is a common pathological feature of protein misfolding disorders, highlighting perturbations in the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Signs of ER stress have been detected in most experimental models of neurological disorders and more recently in brain samples from human patients with neurodegenerative disease. To cope with ER stress, cells activate an integrated signaling response termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims to reestablish homeostasis in part through regulation of genes involved in protein folding, quality control and degradation pathways. Here we discuss the particular mechanisms currently proposed to be involved in the generation of protein folding stress in different neurodegenerative conditions and speculate about possible therapeutic interventions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Directed cell invasion and migration during metastasisJose Javier Bravo-Cordero | Louis Hodgson | John Condeelis
Volume 24, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 277-283
Metastasis requires tumor cell dissemination to different organs from the primary tumor. Dissemination is a complex cell motility phenomenon that requires the molecular coordination of the protrusion, chemotaxis, invasion and contractility activities of tumor cells to achieve directed cell migration. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal activities of the small GTPases have begun to elucidate how this coordination is achieved. The direct visualization of the pathways involved in actin polymerization, invasion and directed migration in dissemination competent tumor cells will help identify the molecular basis of dissemination and allow the design and testing of more specific and selective drugs to block metastasis. © 2011 .
The critical role of GRP78 in physiologic and pathologic stressKyle T. Pfaffenbach | Amy S. Lee
Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 150-156
GRP78 is a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone as well as a master regulator of the unfolded protein response. In addition to playing an essential role in early embryonic development, recent studies have emerged specifically implicating GRP78 and chaperone integrity in the aging process and age-related diseases. Another exciting discovery is the regulation of GRP78 by insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways impacting cell proliferation and survival. Mouse models of cancer, in combination with cell culture studies, validate the critical role of GRP78 in tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Further, these studies demonstrate the ability of GRP78 to suppress oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling. The discovery of cell surface GRP78, in cancer cells and cells undergoing ER stress, presents a novel therapeutic strategy. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Lipid transfer and signaling at organelle contact sites: The tip of the icebergAlexandre Toulmay | William A. Prinz
Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 458-463
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are formed by the close apposition of membranes of two organelles. They are zones where signals and small molecules, such as lipids and calcium, are exchanged between intracellular compartments. The past few years have seen considerable progress in our understanding of how MCSs form and facilitate the exchange of lipids and signals. Here we summarize what has been learned about MCSs between the endoplamic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane, the ER and mitochondria, and the ER and endosomes or lysosomes. These findings suggest that we are just beginning to understand how MCSs form and function. © 2011.
Responding to chemical gradients: Bacterial chemotaxisVictor Sourjik | Ned S. Wingreen
Volume 24, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 262-268
Chemotaxis allows bacteria to follow gradients of nutrients and other environmental stimuli. The bacterium Escherichia coli performs chemotaxis via a run-and-tumble strategy in which sensitive temporal comparisons lead to a biased random walk, with longer runs in the preferred gradient direction. The chemotaxis network of E. coli has developed over the years into one of the most thoroughly studied model systems for signal transduction and behavior, yielding general insights into such properties of cellular networks as signal amplification, signal integration, and robustness. Despite its relative simplicity, the operation of the E. coli chemotaxis network is highly refined and evolutionarily optimized at many levels. For example, recent studies revealed that the network adjusts its signaling properties dependent on the extracellular environment, apparently to optimize chemotaxis under particular conditions. The network can even utilize potentially detrimental stochastic fluctuations in protein levels and reaction rates to maximize the chemotactic performance of the population. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-epithelial transitions by micrornasSamy Lamouille | Deepa Subramanyam | Robert Blelloch | Rik Derynck
Volume 25, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 200-207
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), are essential during development and in the regulation of stem cell pluripotency, yet these processes are also activated in pathological contexts, such as in fibrosis and cancer progression. In EMT and MET, diverse signaling pathways cooperate in the initiation and progression of the EMT and MET programs, through regulation at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. MicroRNAs recently emerged as potent regulators of EMT and MET, with their abilities to target multiple components involved in epithelial integrity or mesenchymal traits. By affecting EMT and MET processes, microRNAs are involved in the regulation of stem cell pluripotency and the control of tumor progression.
Assembly and disassembly of cell matrix adhesionsBernhard Wehrle-Haller
Volume 24, Issue 5, October 2012, Pages 569-581
The formation of tissues and organs requires cells to adhere to each other and/or to migrate and polarize in contact with components of the extracellular matrix. The connection between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular environment is provided by heterodimeric transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. In response to extracellular ligand binding, integrins undergo a conformational switch that permits the recruitment of cytoplasmic adapter proteins, eventually linking the integrin receptors to the actin cytoskeleton, progressively forming highly complex cell-matrix adhesions. A major challenge in the field consists in identifying the regulatory mechanisms, which drive the assembly of cell-matrix adhesions as they are based on posttranslational modifications as well as allosteric conformational changes caused by protein-protein as well as protein-lipid interactions. In response to mechanical tension, generated either by intra-cellular acto-myosin contraction, shear stress or mechanical strain on the extracellular scaffold, the composition and signaling of cell-matrix adhesion changes, leading either to increased anchorage or controlled disassembly of cell matrix adhesions, both processes critically involved in cell migration. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the mechanisms leading to the progressive assembly of focal adhesions, how they are modulated in response to mechanical challenges and which mechanisms are used for their disassembly. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Extracellular matrix, integrins, and growth factors as tailors of the stem cell nicheMaria Felice Brizzi | Guido Tarone | Paola Defilippi
Volume 24, Issue 5, October 2012, Pages 645-651
It is widely acknowledged that integrins, the major receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, exert an extensive crosstalk with many growth factor and cytokine receptors. Among them, growth factor receptors, such as the EGFR, MET, PDGFR and VEGFR, and the IL-3 receptor have been shown to be physically and functionally associated to integrins. The connection between integrins and other transmembrane receptors is bidirectional, integrins being essential for receptor signalling, and receptors being involved in regulation of integrin expression or activation. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence for direct binding of specific growth factors and morphogens to the ECM proteins, suggesting that ECM might spatially integrate different types of signals in a specific microenvironment, facilitating integrin/transmembrane receptors connection. These interactions are crucial in controlling a variety of cell behaviours including proliferation, survival and differentiation. The increasing interest for cell therapy in regenerative medicine has recently emphasized the role of cell-ECM adhesion as stem cell determinant. The relevance of ECM, integrins and growth factor receptor network in the establishment of stem cell niche, in maintenance of stem cells and in their differentiation will be analyzed in the present review. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
New mechanisms and functions of actin nucleationElif Nur Firat-Karalar | Matthew D. Welch
Volume 23, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 4-13
In cells the de novo nucleation of actin filaments from monomers requires actin-nucleating proteins. These fall into three main families - the Arp2/3 complex and its nucleation promoting factors (NPFs), formins, and tandem-monomer-binding nucleators. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of actin nucleation by both well-characterized and newly identified nucleators, and explore current insights into their cellular functions in membrane trafficking, cell migration and division. The mechanisms and functions of actin nucleators are proving to be more complex than previously considered, with extensive cooperation and overlap in their cellular roles. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Actin dynamics and turnover in cell motilityKlemens Rottner | Theresia E B Stradal
Volume 23, Issue 5, October 2011, Pages 569-578
Cell migration is a highly coordinated process involving a multitude of separable but intertwined phenomena traditionally studied in multiple cell types, tissues and model systems. In spite of the multitude of mechanisms and modes of motility described in all these different systems, the ability to dynamically reorganize the actin cytoskeleton is common to all of them. However, defining the key molecular players in motility and their precise molecular functions continues to be challenging, last not least owing to robustness and flexibility common to complex biological phenomena. Here we will draft the future steps essential for achieving true progress towards the goal to increase our understanding of actin cytoskeleton dynamics driving cell migration. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Rab GTPase regulation of membrane identitySuzanne R. Pfeffer
Volume 25, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 414-419
A fundamental question in cell biology is how cells determine membrane compartment identity and the directionality with which cargoes pass through the secretory and endocytic pathways. The discovery of so-called 'Rab cascades' provides a satisfying molecular mechanism that helps to resolve this paradox. One Rab GTPase has the ability to template the localization of the subsequent acting Rab GTPase along a given transport pathway. Thus, in addition to determining compartment identity and functionality, Rab GTPases are likely able to order the events of membrane trafficking. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of Rabs and Rab cascades. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Autophagy for tissue homeostasis and neuroprotectionGuillermo Mariño | Frank Madeo | Guido Kroemer
Volume 23, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 198-206
Although autophagy has frequently been viewed as a cell death mechanism in the mammalian system, it is now considered as indispensable for the homeostasis of cells, tissues, and organisms. Basal or stress-induced autophagy plays essential and diverse roles in a variety of tissues, due to its cytoprotective properties. In this review, we briefly discuss the different homeostatic functions of autophagy that have been finely dissected in mammals through the generation and characterization of animal models with tissue-specific autophagic alterations. In addition, and given the importance of constitutive autophagy in neuronal tissues, we describe in more detail the specific roles of autophagy in the central nervous system (CNS). Finally, we discuss the contribution of autophagy malfunctions to the development of several common neurological disorders and the potential benefits of pharmacologically induced autophagy for the avoidance of neurodegeneration. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum: Recent lessons from yeast and mammalian cell systemsJeffrey L. Brodsky | William R. Skach
Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2011, Pages 464-475
The evolution of eukaryotes was accompanied by an increased need for intracellular communication and cellular specialization. Thus, a more complex collection of secreted and membrane proteins had to be synthesized, modified, and folded. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) thereby became equipped with devoted enzymes and associated factors that both catalyze the production of secreted proteins and remove damaged proteins. A means to modify ER function to accommodate and destroy misfolded proteins also evolved. Not surprisingly, a growing number of human diseases are linked to various facets of ER function. Each of these topics will be discussed in this article, with an emphasis on recent reports in the literature that employed diverse models. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.


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Vanda Miss Joaquim
A.J. Cann: I posted here recently about my orchid addiction, and Vanda is one of my favourite genera, so it was fascinating to read the history of a beautiful cross, Vanda Miss Joaquim, originally made...
18 Aug, 2011
AoB Blog is a run by the Annals of Botany Company, a non-profit educational charity.
The company currently administers two journals, the Annals of Botany and AoB PLANTS.
These are published through Oxford University Press.
New in Annals of Botany

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Both an Illinois circuit and appellate court had little sympathy for a subcontractor that suffered significant delays before executing a subcontract, which failed to allow for compensation for the prior delays. Asset Recovery Contracting LLC v. Walsh Construction Co. of Illinois, 2012 IL App (1st) 101226 (November 1, 2012).
Walsh Construction Company entered a general contract with the owner of a building to perform the core and shell work for the conversion of an existing commercial building into luxury condominiums. Walsh selected Asset Recovery Contracting (ARC) as its demolition subcontractor. ARC began work on the project in July 2003 without a written, signed subcontract with Walsh. In August 2003, the project experienced various delays caused by work restrictions imposed by a tenant in the building and by the Chicago Fire Department. On March 3, 2004, ARC reportedly submitted change requests to Walsh in the sum of $590,000 for the delays.
On March 19, 2004, approximately nine months after starting work, ARC signed the subcontract that ARC's attorneys had negotiated with Walsh. Walsh signed the subcontract in May 2004. The signed subcontract did not contain any provision for the additional costs that ARC was aware of at the time ARC executed the subcontract. Moreover, the subcontract allowed for an extension of time for delays but waived all other damages except (1) when Walsh is able to recover delay damages from the owner under its contract with the owner (the prime contract); or (2) when the delays were caused "by acts constituting intentional interference by the Owner." Remarkably, the prime contract contained a no-damages-for-delay provision, prohibiting Walsh from recovering monetary damages from the owner. Therefore, ARC could only recover if it could prove "intentional interference" or it could satisfy judicial exceptions to no-damages-for-delay clauses.
When Walsh refused to compensate ARC for its delays, ARC filed suit against Walsh, seeking compensation for the delays that occurred before the parties executed the subcontract. The trial court denied ARC's delay claims. The court found it significant that ARC was negotiating a contract and had the ability to change the terms to reflect the current conditions but failed to do so. The court further rejected ARC's attempts to establish an exception to the enforceability of the no-damages-for-delay clause because the owner allegedly caused the delays.
On appeal, ARC fared no better than it did in the trial court. The First District Appellate Court affirmed the denial of ARC's delay damages. In affirming the denial, the appellate court reversed the trial court on its finding that the effective date of the subcontract was the date that ARC signed the subcontract (March 2004) and not the effective date expressly provided for in the subcontract (September 12, 2003). The appellate court noted that "the date on the contract is ordinarily the effective date, and where the contract is executed later, its contractual terms relate back and are effective from the date of the contract if such coverage is clear from the face of the contract, as it is here."
The appellate court rejected ARC's argument that the trial court should have never considered parol evidence—that the project schedules were revised and that the parties intended to be bound by the revised schedules. Because numerous provisions that provided for changes and amendments to the work schedule opened the door for ambiguity, the appellate court rejected ARC's argument that the trial court should have never reviewed the revised schedules.
The appellate court further agreed with the trial court that the subcontract provisions waived delay damages except for those caused by the owner's intentional interference (as expressly excepted in the subcontract). The appellate court found no evidence that the owner interfered with its work or that the conduct of the owner's agent could be imputed to the owner.
The appellate court reiterated the settled exceptions to no-damages-for-delay clauses in Illinois: (1) delay caused by bad faith; (2) delay not within contemplation of the parties; (3) delay of unreasonable duration; and (4) delay attributable to inexcusable ignorance or incompetence of the engineer. But the appellate court refused to expand the exceptions to the enforceability of no-damages-for-delay clauses to include the owner's intentional interference. Similarly, the court found that ARC failed to satisfy any of the other exceptions to the no-damages-for-delay clause. The appellate court rejected ARC's contention that the delay was not within contemplation of the parties at the time of execution of the subcontract. At that time, ARC had knowledge of the delays preceding execution of the subcontract. The court also found that the delays were not unreasonable, because ARC was accepting changes in the schedule without making concomitant claims for damages.
This decision underscores several lessons:
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C.
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RICHMOND, Va. — The author of four ethics-reform bills says a House proposal opens the way to free vacations for lawmakers.
"Travel is at the heart of what we receive, and this is like Swiss cheese," state Sen. Chap Petersen said of the House ethics package.
The House of Delegates plan imposes a $250 limit on gifts legislators can receive from lobbyists and individuals with business before the state. The gift cap does not include travel.


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My easily attainable 2014 New Years Resolutions
- 03 January, 2014
- Bad Ideas
- 1 Comment
I make resolutions with the bar set really low, so I can attain them.
- I resolve never to purchase a Perfect Polly™ this year. Or any year.
- I resolve not to eat my fellow travelers if we're stranded in the Arctic.
- Expanding on that last one, I resolve not to go anywhere I could possibly fall into a canyon (alone) and be forced to saw off my own hand.
- I resolve not to defect to a Communist nation.
- I resolve not to use my spit to hold my daughter's hair in place.
- I resolve not to punch a Great White Shark in the face.
- But I do resolve to throat-punch anyone who plays What Does Fox The Say in my vicinity.
- I resolve not to learn Hungarian this year.
- I resolve not to vote for Rob Ford.


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Every day across N. America, thousands of cars pull into a dealership or shop for service, and in order to protect the interior of a customer's vehicle, those shops use disposable seat and floor covers.
Approximately 65,000 tons of disposable seat and floor covers from the auto service industry are dumped into North American landfills each year. Added to that, over 130,000 tons of green house gases are emitted into the air we breathe to manufacture these disposable covers. (Approximately 1.86 tons of carbon gas is produced to manufacture 1 ton of polyethylene in an oil/gas fired factory.)
Clearwater Impex Group Inc. a local Canadian company has taken up the challenge to eliminate or at least drastically reduce this environmental waste.
"We're stepping up to the plate and taking action into our own hands" says Roland Zikmanis, president of the company. "The daily news about climate change shows that this change is happening faster than any previous predictions and now is the time to 'walk the walk'. All industries can do something (about this problem) and the auto service industry is no exception. We must let the public know about this because over 75% of service customers are unaware that disposables are used in their vehicles while in the shop and we're sure that if they knew, they'd gladly help in doing something to help reduce this waste."
Clearwater is rolling out it's RAW Campaign (Reduce Automotive Waste) to the public and the service industry with the introduction of an economical reusable seat/floor cover to replace disposables that are currently in use.
The program is based on the service customer purchasing the Eco Seat/Floor cover through their dealership, repair shop or Clearwater's web site, and would be kept at hand in their vehicle. Just as the supermarkets are selling reusable shopping bags to their customers to reduce use of plastic bags, the consumer can help reduce waste and greenhouse gases by buying this economical reusable cover to be used each time they take their car in for service. The great thing about this is that unlike reusable shopping bags, the customer will never forget to have it as long as it's in the car.
"We hope to have the repair shops asking all their customers coming in for service if they have a reusable cover or the customer asking their service shops if they have reusable covers they could purchase." adds Zikmanis. "These covers are very economical and will go a long way to reduce greenhouse gases and free up room in our landfills, approximately 1 pound of disposables is eliminated for every 6 uses. A very easy solution to this problem."
Participating dealerships and shops will be supplied with posters and counter top signs to help make their customers aware of this program.
HomeGo back home
- CompaniesCompanies


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Is Healthcare Past the Softer Cuts?
Is healthcare in its first wave of labor cost containment, or has it come to full blown cuts of what used to be the untouchables: salaries and jobs? A recent Hewitt Associates survey of HR execs at 518 large U.S. employers suggests that while healthcare organizations are making some tough cost containment decisions, they are still in the first phase of softer cuts compared to other industries. For example, of the 42 hospital/healthcare organizations that responded to the survey, 83% said they were increasing travel restrictions compared to the 72% overall response.
Also, nearly a quarter of healthcare organizations are changing their PTO policy vs. only 9% of the entire group. The overall group has probably already made this change as a first-wave response, says Lori Wisper, senior consultant of the broad-based compensation consulting practice at Hewitt in Lincolnshire, IL.
The survey also found that healthcare organizations are implementing drastic cost containment measures such as layoffs and salary freezes at much lower percentages than their colleagues in other industries. In fact, 33% had undertaken layoffs vs. 63% of the total respondents. When it came to freezing salaries or wages, again healthcare was lower than the overall respondents at 38% vs. 58%, respectively.
"If you look at the numbers in healthcare vs. the overall survey, there is a bit of a lag" in the more severe types of cuts, says Wisper, who believes this may be due to the fact that healthcare hasn't felt the recession as strongly as other industries.
At the same time, Wisper says there may be other reasons for the lag. "Healthcare organizations might be struggling financially, but there are labor market issues they have had to deal with in terms of shortages that you don't see as much in other industries," says Wisper. "They've had to deal with the shortage of nurses for many years, so even if they were in cost cutting mode, they might not cut pay because it would make that shortage worse."
The survey found that 12% of healthcare organizations and 16% overall had reduced salaries or wages, a move that is considered severe in the labor world. While both numbers seem relatively low, Wisper says when the same survey was conducted during a downturn in 2001, only single digits had taken these actions. "When we consulted with clients in the past and they would ask 'what should we do?' the very last thing anyone did was cut. You might hold things steady and say no increases or very small increases, but cutting was the big taboo and that has certainly been broken this year. Companies have had to survive."
Wisper, for her part, believes there may be more cost cutting on the table for healthcare with 38% of healthcare organizations, for example, still considering salary freezes. Indeed, healthcare may be catching up to other industries with layoffs. My colleague John Commins reported that after a two-month lull, three hospitals and health systems recently announced layoffs.
Of course, when it comes to labor costs, there is the challenge of cutting while preserving employee morale and more importantly holding on to top talent. To that end, if you look to the survey for answers, healthcare companies are offering flexible work arrangements. Healthcare is doing it far more than the overall survey number suggests at 31% vs. 14%, says Wisper. "I see this as a more progressive approach as an employer. You are using non-cash related things to make employees feel valued by giving them more flexibility or allowing them to telecommute if that is feasible. It helps you retain them in times when you are actually containing costs or cutting them."
I haven't talked to anyone who is particularly optimistic that the economy is going to turn itself around in the next six months, but if it does, healthcare might stave off additional suffering. "If the economy holds enough industries up healthcare might not actually hit the bottom spot that many other industries have hit," says Wisper.
Even if the economy starts to improve and hospitals, for example, start to see an uptick in elective procedures, which benefits do you restore first? It may take months or years before healthcare organizations can ramp back up to the point of offering the kind of benefits and salary structures they did in the past such as 401(k) employer match, year-end bonuses, and regular salary bumps.
Note: You can sign up to receive HealthLeaders Media Finance, a free weekly e-newsletter that reports on the top finance issues facing healthcare leaders.


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When bored on my lunch hour at the library (unpaid hour) and years of travelling on the Crosstown 3 brought me to the idea to explore Wyandotte through the libraries collection of city directories. Because I noticed that the little shops were one thing at one time and now they are something else and they are almost constantly closing one business only to open as something else. What was once was a furniture store is now an ethnic restaurant and so on so on.
Old city directories are great historical records of urban development you can literally see the waves of immigration in them and especially on Wyandotte (also goes for Erie and Ottawa streets) as old established businesses moved out to the suburbs or closed for good. A city needs a Wyandotte street with its old buildings and cheaper rents that allow newcomers to Windsor and Canada to start a business as they struggle to find work and their place in our community.
LaSalle, Tecumseh, Lakeshore don't have a Wyandotte street or an Erie or an Ottawa street, they're to new with urban sprawl to have real old streets with old buildings with rents in strip malls far to expensive for a lot of newcomers.
With the development or establishing a business they build a community around them. They become local stores and businesses which the majority of Windsorites who don't live along these corridors ignore.
One fear that I have is that the new tunnel plaza is going to stop the flow of this vital artery in the city and isolate a good part of Wyandotte street with the downtown and the rest of Wyandotte to the University.
I love shopping on Wyandotte street or just browsing in the diversity of shops.
The other thing that has also baffled me is that no developer or upscale retailer(s) have taken advantage of the University as it has say in Ann Arbor, or the Richmond Mile in London Ontario. But then the university is still a local commuter school in most Windsor's eyes.
My wish is that the success of Old Walkerville will spread outwards to the rest of Wyandotte, Erie and Ottawa and rebuild the vibrancy that it once was is struggling to do again.
"...a study that assesses the mortality health risk for native born Canadians from long term exposure to fine particulate matter which is higher in the Montreal-Ottawa-Toronto-Windsor corridor than elsewhere in the country. The authors concluded that there is a 31% increased risk of ischemic heart disease with an increase of 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, a higher increase in health risk than previously estimated (12-14%).
Chris Hedges: "This is a goal the power elite cannot comprehend. They cannot envision a day when they will not be in charge of our lives. The elites believe, and seek to make us believe, that globalization and unfettered capitalism are natural law, some kind of permanent and eternal dynamic that can never be altered. What the elites fail to realize is that rebellion will not stop until the corporate state is extinguished. It will not stop until there is an end to the corporate abuse of the poor, the working class, the elderly, the sick, children, those being slaughtered in our imperial wars and tortured in our black sites. It will not stop until foreclosures and bank repossessions stop. It will not stop until students no longer have to go into debt to be educated, and families no longer have to plunge into bankruptcy to pay medical bills. It will not stop until the corporate destruction of the ecosystem stops, and our relationships with each other and the planet are radically reconfigured. And that is why the elites, and the rotted and degenerate system of corporate power they sustain, are in trouble. That is why they keep asking what the demands are. They don't understand what is happening. They are deaf, dumb and blind."
The First Step Toward Food Sovereignty: Bring Back the Neighborhood Live...
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Color Psychology: What Does It Reveal About You?
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Walking Home By Ken Greenberg Random House Canada 400 pp; $29.95 Reviewed by Shawn Micallef "City" is no longer a bad word. If you've paid a
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The Post-Fordist Dream of James Dyson
Tetbury Hill, England You have to drive far out into the West Country, through forested hills and ancient villages, if you want to find the
Cities fail to recognise full potential of smart technologies
Cities are wasting the potential of smart technologies by failing to realize the value of their hidden infrastructure and digital assets.
Top Brewer serves up coffee on tap
The Top Brewer is a coffee-making system that dispenses brewed-to-order hot beverages from a tabletop tap.
The Enemy Within: How our media and politicians fed the Norwegian spree ...
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The Harper government is considering the privatization of the military's search-and-rescue capabilities, the Citizen has learned.
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Archaeologists have discovered erotic cave engravings in Germany, the first time that Stone Age cave art has been found in the country.


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The Berlin International Economics Congress 2013
"Innovative Nation Branding in the 21st Century: Combining Intercultural Relations, Sustainable Development, Ecological Tourism, & Socially Responsible Investment"
(Berlin, March 6th – 10th, 2013)
The Berlin International Economics Congress is the world's leading event in the field of nation branding held parallel to ITB Berlin (Internationale Tourismus-Börse Berlin), which is the world's largest tourism trade fair.
The 2013 Congress will focus on innovative Nation Branding techniques and strategies, allowing countries to achieve political gains and financial stability through the uses of socially sustainable development, ecological tourism, and socially responsible investment.
The Congress will create a blueprint for the opportunities for States to apply new approaches of Nation Branding, as well as to explore the potential for creative promotion strategies to improve a nation's image, consequently presenting interdisciplinary perspectives from the fields of economics, politics, arts & culture, tourism, civil society, and the private sector.
Conference Agenda
The program will consist of lectures, seminars, workshops, debates, and panel discussions that will feature leading figures and experts in the fields of International Economics & Politics, Academia, Investment, Development, Tourism, Conflict Resolution, Finance, Marketing & Advertising, and Civil Society.
The program will focus in particular on the following issues:
• Building a Successful National Brand through the Promotion of Sustainability, Environmental Concern, and CSR
• The Role of Corporations and Corporate Cultural Diplomacy in Nation Branding
• The Importance of Free and Fair Trade in Global Development • The Use of Corporate Social Responsibility in Building Economic Bridges
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Participation in the conference is open to governmental & diplomatic officials, academics, artists, journalists, civil society practitioners, private sector representatives, young professionals and students as well as other interested individuals from across the world.
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The speakers during the Conference will include dignitaries and current and former heads of state and ministers, as well leading figures and experts from international economics & politics and law, academy, the private sector, the diplomatic community and civil society from across the world.
Speaker for the Conference include:
The Hon. Dr. Vasile Puşcaş, Jean Monnet Chair Professor, Babes –Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca; Former Romanian Minister for European Affairs
Dr. Inge Kaul, Professor, Hertie School of Governance; Former Director of UNDP's Office of Development Studies
Dr. Gerhard Prätorius, Head of Coordination CSR and Sustainability, Volkswagen AG
The Hon. Dr. Erhard Busek, Former Vice-Chancellor of Austria; Former Minister for Science and Research of Austria
The Hon. Anna Diamantopoulou (MP), Former EU Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs & Equal Opportunities; Former Greek Minister for Development
Jan Philipp Goertz, Director, Governmental Relations, Lufthansa AG
Certificate of attendance
All participants will be awarded an official certificate of attendance upon completion of the program, which will provide details of the speakers who took part and the topics discussed. Each certificate will be authorized by members of the ICD's Advisory Board.
To apply please visit: http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/index.php?en_biec2013_application-form
For more information please visit: www.biec.de
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Skip to comments.A Texas-Sized Energy Problem (Is Texas the new California?)
Posted on 05/02/2009 12:30:21 PM PDT by Conservative Coulter Fan
"Texas is the nation's leader in wind energy thanks to our long-term commitment to bolstering renewable energy sources and diversifying the state's energy portfolio."
- Rick Perry, Texas Governor
"Our representatives [in the Texas Legislature] now have less than six weeks to pass the best of nearly 100 bills that have been introduced on clean power and green jobs. These energy efficiency and renewable energy bills set the stage for rebuilding, repowering and renewing our states economy during tough times. They will build a sustainable future for Texas."
- Sierra Club, Environmental Defense Fund, Public Citizen
As reported by Russell Gold in yesterday's Wall Street Journal, Texas, which has the strictest renewable energy mandate in the country, is about to increase its quota for the third time. Now the wind capital of the U.S., Texas's new law would make the state the leader in solar power as well. Expensive and intermittent, wind- and solar-forcing will work only to increase electricity rates for captive consumers and reduce reliability on the grid. Taxpayers are on the hook as well.
In a 2008 study for the Texas Public Policy Foundation, "Texas Wind Energy: Past, Present, Future," Drew Thornley concluded:
The distinction between wind and wind energy is critical. The wind itself is free, but wind energy is anything but. Cost estimates for wind-energy generation typically include only turbine construction and maintenance. Left out are many of wind energys coststransmission, grid connection and management, and backup generationthat ultimately will be borne by Texas electric ratepayers. Direct subsidies, tax breaks, and increased production and ancillary costs associated with wind energy could cost Texas more than $4 billion per year and at least $60 billion through 2025.
How Did the Perverse Happen?
Government goes to those who show up. With utilities financially protected and not wanting to be labeled as anti-"green," and principled taxpayer, consumer, and free-market groups virtually absent, the interventionists have taken over. Full-time environmental activists and lobbyists for rent-seeking private companies have virtually no opposition–a "Baptists and Bootleggers" scenario in the parlance of political economy.
How has Texas, which consumer choice made the leading oil and gas state, become the second most politicized energy state in the nation (after California)?
The regulatory spiral can be traced back to Enron, which in 1999 spearheaded a provision in the state electricity restructuring law (Senate Bill 7, signed by governor George W. Bush) establishing a statewide renewable-energy mandate. Enron's lobbyists had the special interest of Enron Wind Company, which is now part of General Electric, in mind.
It was a double win for the politically connected company. First, as the leading power marketer, and with its eyes on becoming the leading electriicty retailer as well, Enron coveted mandatory open-access of electricity in the state. Secondly, it needed a big market for its money-losing Enron Wind. Cloaking both corporate-welfare goals in the guise of a renewable mandate got media-worshipped environmental groups on board to help push SB 7 across the finish line.
The 1999/2005 Texas Mandates
The Texas Renewable Portfolio Standard was originally (SB7) for 2,000 megawatts of new qualifying capacity, but the 2005 Texas Legislature (SB 20 ) increased the mandate to 5,880 MW by 2015 and a target of 10,000 MW in 2025. Virtually all of this capacity has been wind power; the prospective (third) mandate would tack-on 3,000 of non-wind (read solar) renewable capacity.
The mechanics of the mandate are interesting. All electricity providers in the state–whether competitive retailers, municipal electric utilities, or electric cooperatives–must buy renewables based on the their market share of energy sales or utilize a Renewable Energy Credit trading program managed by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). Thus, a utility in windy West Texas sells credits to those without access, such as a utility in wind-still South Texas.
SB7, by the way, also mandated that at least 10% of an investor-owned utility's annual growth in electricity demand be met through energy efficiency programs each year–politicization on the demand side. Expect more increases as well given the current politicized setup.
The Problem in Miniature: Lobbyist Spiel
Three environmental lobbyists working the Texas Legislature penned an Earth Day editorial in the Houston Chronicle, "Enact Energy Laws to Clear Air, Create Jobs. They are:
Here is their something-for-nothing, everybody-wins, get-on-the-bandwagon editorial:
Texas citizens get it.
More of us than ever are mindful of switching off lights, weatherizing our homes and doing all that we can to save energy. State legislators can get it too. This session, they have an opportunity and responsibility to save us even more money on our electricity bills, create thousands of green jobs and reduce pollution across the state. Our representatives now have less than six weeks to pass the best of nearly 100 bills that have been introduced on clean power and green jobs. These energy efficiency and renewable energy bills set the stage for rebuilding, repowering and renewing our states economy during tough times. They will build a sustainable future for Texas.
The energy efficiency bills contain plans for helping Texas families by creating jobs while reducing consumption of electricity in our homes and buildings. When our homes and buildings are well-insulated and our appliances more efficient, we dont need to burn wasteful and damaging amounts of dirty fossil fuels for electricity.
An additional benefit to creating Texas new clean energy economy is that we can clean up our air and address climate change at the same time. As we provide new jobs installing clean energy technologies, we can decrease the public health risks and costs associated with the impacts of burning coal.
Texas citizens began rising to the call for statewide energy efficiency when we voted with our consciences and our pocketbooks, replacing millions of our hot-burning, incandescent light bulbs with more efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs. Clearly, we were up to the challenge then and believe now that all of us can do more to help the Lone Star State.
For example, utilities can set more aggressive energy efficiency goals and put programs into place that will reduce the need to use so much electricity. The bills currently being considered in the Legislature require utilities to expand energy efficiency programs to meet 1 percent of peak electricity demand by the end of 2015 and 2 percent of peak electricity demand by 2020. While these goals may seem modest, meeting them would mean saving 1,176 megawatts of electricity as much power as could be generated from two coal-fired power plants.
Utilities can also provide home energy audits that tell us how to increase our efficiency. Based on those audits, we can caulk or replace leaky windows, insulate our attics, repair our duct work, and install programmable thermostats, which allow us to preselect when we use our air conditioners, heaters and water heaters.
Cities can also help the energy efficiency cause by providing some up-front financing for energy-saving improvements. In addition, Texas will soon receive $327 million of federal stimulus funds for weatherization through the Texas Department of Housing & Community Affairs with reporting requirements on green job creation, energy savings and pollution reduction through the use of these funds.
These programs are good for Texas families. Theyre good for the environment and theyre good for the economy. Study after study including a report completed in December 2008 by the Public Utility Commission of Texas shows that Texas can reduce its peak electricity demand and growth in electricity by 23 percent by implementing a variety of energy efficiency measures. The PUC study also found that every dollar spent by Texas on energy efficiency has a three-to-one payback.
But we need action now by Texas legislators to achieve energy efficiencys full potential to meet our states energy challenges. This Legislature can and should continue the important work begun last session, when now-Speaker of the House Joe Straus led energy efficiency legislation.
Energy efficiency is the cheapest, quickest and cleanest way for Texas to meet its power needs. The Texas legislators who are championing these bills this session should be thanked for paving the way for a cleaner, sustainable future. We now call on all of our state legislators to swiftly move these bills out of committees and through floor debates to begin our sustainable future.
What about the costs of government energy-forcing? Instead of enlarging quota requirements, should Texas repeal mandates (these are not infant industries but mature ones that have promised viability for decades)? Blatantly anti-ratepayer, pro-corporate-welfare energy intervention in the post-Enron era deserves a reconsideration. As one study recently opined:
Over the past 10 years, Texas has become a leader in encouraging the development of renewable power. However, the aggressive build-out of wind power in West Texas is projected to
drive up transmission costs [$4.9 billion for starters] for all Texans and create new reliability challenges.
Governor Rick Perry, do you really want Texas to be an Obama energy state? Just because George W. Bush started the mess does not mean you have to complete it.
Where will this case study of political capitalism end?
Is it past time for free-market, consumerist, taxpayer-friendly parties to show up to the "green energy" orgy. Texas lawmakers need counter-education and pressure against the likes of Ken Kramer, Jim Marston, and Smitty Smith.
Non of the greeny pipe-dream "alternative" energy technologies are going to be the panacea they think they are but then again, greenies usually have more money than good sense and can afford just about anything so it's really a moot point, well, except the maggot-infested unwashed hippie types.
Oh I forgot, those people are now wearing suits and ties and are now ruling our lives with environmental regulations such as: in Texas we are now taxed on our water wells, forget what your deeds say, nope, they're gonna "save you" you see...
I challenged a envio-wacko about practicing what they preach one day (during the water well taxing scheme "debate"). I asked him to come over. We have a clothesline (always have, my wife prefers it—the dryer gets used in the winter if then), "water saver" shower heads (hard to get wet under the dern things!); the only grass is volunteer if there's enough rainfall (since we live on a well) but it is kept trimmed and edged. Porches cover E & W side windows and the A/C is used only if temp rises to 90s+. We have two old but serviceable vehicles PAID for and they work fine but they sure won't impress anyone.
This is not to make an impression, it's how we live in our 30 year old home in Texas but we're getting up in age so that's okay. Before they came over I was going to ask my wife to fill the wash tub and put the scrubbing board in it as if she was going to wash a load of clothes, freak out time.
It panics them when I ask to see their clotheslines, paid for vehicles, water saver fixtures, etc., they KNOW they're hypocrites. I tell them I also want to see their water saving (since everyone seems to be a water expert these days) toilets, plants and landscaping.
Our legislature only meets once every other year---and the Nannie state legislation coming out of this meeting is painful to see.
Actually, it's none of the above.
Electric generation "capacity" is defined (logically enough) as the rate power can be delivered at any time it's needed.
Wind power, unfortunately, is delivered whenever it dang well pleases.
Therefore, it does not add capacity at all.
It has to be duplicated with conventional power generation facilities.
I'm thinkin' it ought to meet just every four years...
The fallacy of the massive number of "green jobs" they say they are going to create:
in terms of energy and economic efficiency, how can an energy regime that requires thousands, if not millions of new jobs, be more efficient, in terms of energy or economics, than the present energy regime without them - it can't - so, in fact, the cost of energy is not going to go down;
or, if the creation of all the new "green jobs" is a figment of their imagination, then what is that promise worth - zero; "job creation" in major technology shifts MOVES net jobs, from areas losing jobs to areas gaining jobs, rarely, as employment figures indicate, do they create net additional jobs.
The only energy changes worth implementing are energy changes and energy investments able to make energy CHEAPER and cheaper usually means LESS labor intensive and getting more "bang for the buck", and nuclear is THE ONLY energy (right now) that does that.
And it's technology is improving.
A totally self-contained, about the size of a big shed, 25-30 megawatt, mini nuc plant, producing 25-30 megawatts, is now available, for about $25 million. There is not even anything but power "released" from the system, because even the cooling system stays within the system, continually recycled.
How long before they start selling this energy to other states, after we've been force to pay for it.
Texas is just about eaten up with liberals and Mexicans. If it this bad here, I can only imagine what a living hell it must be in other states.
You're right. I was just trying to show how uninformed the reporter was in terms of the size of a power plant. Just a few miles from here is the Belews Creek Plant of Duke Energy. It has two coal fired boilers that, IIRC, generate 1200 MW each. One boiler that generates 1200 MW will produce less "greenhouse gases" than two 600 MW boilers.
The GE ABWR is a reactor that can be rated between 1350 and 1460 MW.
The author was trying to make the windmills sound more advantageous than they really are.
Texas has a stand alone grid that operates outside of regulatory authority of FERC. The Texas grid won't sell to the outside because they don't want to be regulated by FERC.
Even if Texas did try to sell offgrid, their price is to high because prior to dereg much of Texas's electricity generation was converted to natural gas. Do you know how much more your electricity cost you because of the natural gas shortages caused by Katrina?
"after we've been force to pay for it"
Notice at the bottom of the article it mentions $4.9 billion for the two transmission lines that connect Dallas and San Antonio to the wind zone. That will cost you the rate payer $4 bucks a month.
Texas, which has the strictest renewable energy mandate in the country, is about to increase its quota for the third time. Now the wind capital of the U.S., Texas's new law would make the state the leader in solar power as well. Expensive and intermittent, wind- and solar-forcing will work only to increase electricity rates for captive consumers and reduce reliability on the grid. Taxpayers are on the hook as well.
The author is clueless. "Green power" is all about making more money by manufactured shortages and an increased installed base.
The link describes how the gambit worked in California.
When the Greenies get finished a 800 SqFt home in Levitown will be the new McMansion....
Ping !!
We remodeled last year. Added 4 inches of foil faced rigid foam insulation to exterior of the home and 6 on interior by sistering the exterior wall shells 2x4's w/ new 2x6 framing and using expanding foam system. Good seal on the homes shell, siding etc , new windows & doors and storm windows and doors have made a massive difference in our utility bills.
As well we went after ghost wattage big time. Yeah the microwave will blink,and the TV takes a little longer to come on and off but only thing drawing power right now in the home is fridge and freezer, ceiling fan , the TV I am watching and the LED desk lamp. We surf the net on cellular media cards and laptops. We have a large amount of hickory stored and use that to heat the homes radiant floor system with a combination wood and electric gasification boiler that allows such when we are home and is all electric if we are gone and the switch is thrown. Also we have a small glass faced door wood stove to back that up. All winter long we were able to use very very little electricity. Home is very comfortable even when extreme cold and high winds are about.
Heating up for summer will raise the bills due AC costs of course but we have lots of shade from large eaves and porches as well as trees and shade from plants etc . Stays cool on all but the really hot days . Looking at foggers and misting systems when humidity is low and evaporation will augment other systems to keep us cool .
We observed this fiasco coming first hand on the power companies. Our next expense we have saved for is to go off grid 100%. Cut the wire altogether. Right now researching and looking at combination solar panels that heat water and produce power. They are new designs and stand up to large hail as well. Plan B.
I know everyone can't do as we have be lucky enough to get done. Yet ........insulation, awareness of whats being used and better planning can make a massive difference in utility bills !
Don't give the utility companies anything ya don't have to .
Stay safe and Thanks for the ping !
Thats the way to do it...
"Is Texas the new California?"
Sounds like y'all have it down RIGHT, man!
Way to go! :)
Bump ... off the grid ... that's some serious peace of mind right there.
I am just tired of wasting my resources per se. I wanted a system that could be heated or cooled with minimal effort. Not one to rely on others if times go bad for me and mine.
We never have been a burden on our country, friends or extended family and we will try to maintain that goal ! Getting as close to zero utility costs lets us allocate resources to savings or investments in improvements.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Pennsylvania congressman to announce airline safety proposal today
YARDLEY, Pa. -- A Pennsylvania congressman is scheduled to announce a new proposal aimed at protecting airline passengers and pilots from the kind of terrorist attack that occurred a dozen years ago.
Rep. Mike Fitzpatrick, R-Pa., has scheduled a news conference at 11 a.m. Monday in Bucks County.
He is to be joined by Ellen Saracini, whose husband, Victor, was the captain of one of the planes that struck the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001.
The news conference is being held at the county's "Garden of Reflection" Sept. 11 memorial in Lower Makefield Township.
Details of the proposal have not yet been released.


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We'll teach your company how to accurately keep records.
We'll help you decide what the best organization is for you.
Video Cairo sat suspending all it's news gathering operations, and all uplinks services out of Egypt shutting down all its Broadcasting facilities.All Services for international clients and companies out of Egypt are maintained.
Plan for your taxes before your business is off the ground.


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Planned Giving
The Heritage Society is a special group of NAU supporters who have included the NAU Foundation in their estate plans, such as a bequest, beneficiary, life insurance, charitable gift annuity or charitable trust. If you are interested in creating a planned gift for the benefit of NAU or have already done so, please let us know so we can provide you any information you may need, and thank you personally for your generosity!
One charitable gift, a lifetime of benefits
Shape the future of NAU, create a planned gift and become a Heritage Society member. With a planned gift, you can provide for loved ones, receive tax benefits, generate potential income and support Northern Arizona University.
NAU began in 1899 from a small seed of 23 students, one professor and two copies of Webster's International Dictionary bound in sheepskin. Time, effort and resources have all been combined to grow that small seed into the mighty forest that NAU is today. An endowed gift, through your will or estate plan, can have the same impact over time- changing the lives of future students through programs at NAU that you are passionate about. Consider changing history by improving the future of NAU and its students through a planned gift. We are here to serve you and help you explore options for meeting your philanthropic goals.
We welcome you to dream, explore and inquire about how a planned gift can have a mighty impact on NAU.
A Planned Gift can make dreams like this come true.
Supporting Dreams: How Donors Helped Ben Gouveia from Northern Arizona University on Vimeo.


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Special Telegraph offer, ShirtStar is a revolutionary new ultra compact bag
that allows you to pack your business shirt without any visible creasing.
The roll itself weights less than 450 grams and fits neatly into your hand
luggage or rucksack. Quote
"telegraphoffer" when ordering online.
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Archive | Contact us | Reader prints | RSS feeds | Subscribe and save | Syndication | Today's news
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text:
Manukau City is just 25 minutes from downtown Auckland, North Island New Zealand.
Auckland Airport is located in Manukau, and is the arrival point each year for over 1.7m visitors to New Zealand.
Framed by 320kms of sparkling coastline, stretched between the Manukau and Waitamata Harbours, beautiful rolling countryside rubs shoulder to shoulder with Auckland's true urban authenticity
Home to 165 ethnic groups, Manukau reflects the diversity of its communities - colourful, vibrant and proud.
View a 6 minute video of Manuaku - the Journey
For hundreds of years Maori lived on the rich fishing grounds of the Clevedon Coast, planting kumara and trading as far as the South Island....
The Gateway Heritage area is of deep cultural and spiritual significance, fringed by the often turbulent waters of the Manukau Harbour.
The most ethnically diverse area of Manukau, central is also the location for many of the main visitor attractions, including the Auckland Botanic Gardens.


text:
prep:15 minutes
cook:10 minutes to 15 minutes
Serves: 8
Almond Flour Pie Crust
Our classic pie crust is a must-have recipe for anyone who loves to bake. We use this crust for all our pie-making adventures. The flavor is versatile enough for fresh fruit pies, pudding pies, pumpkin pies, or even cheesecake.


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Berry Cobbler
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 40 mins
The originally recipe called for Olalliberries - what are those you ask? They are closely related to blackberries. However, they have a more intense, tart flavor, and a very brief growing season.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 709.77-946.36 ml fresh blackberries or 709.77-946.36 ml boysenberries
- 158.51 ml sugar, divided
- 14.79 ml lemon juice
- 59.14 ml butter, softened
- 2.46 ml vanilla extract
- 158.51 ml flour
- 4.92 ml baking powder
- 1.23 ml salt
- 0.59 ml cinnamon
- 0.59 ml nutmeg
- 118.29 ml milk
- Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Spread berries in a buttered shallow 2 qt baking dish; sprinkle evenly with 1/3 cup of the sugar and lemon juice.
- Cream butter and the remaining 1/3 cup sugar until fluffy. Beat in vanilla. Mix flour with baking powder, salt, cinnamon and nutmeg. Add flour mixture to creamed mixture alternately with milk, beating until smooth after each addition. Spread over berries.
- Bake until topping is well browned and springs back when center is touched lightly (35-40 minutes). Serve warm or at room temperature.


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Upload MP3's to a folder on your server. Configure the plugin. Add a widget to the sidebar. Voila, you have a playable list of MP3's in your sidebar.
folder-full-of-mp3s folder to the
/wp-content/plugins/ directory
Plugins menu in WordPress.
Folder full of MP3s now appears in your widgets.
sound. Upload some MP3's to the folder.
Folder full of MP3s widget to your sidebar, and configure it - give it a title, and tell it where your folder of MP3's is. If your folder is not in your web root then you need to include the path from your webroot. (For example, if you have your wordpress installed in a folder called
blog, and you created a folder called
mp3s in
blog, then enter your folder as
Requires: 2.0.2 or higher
Compatible up to: 2.1
Last Updated: 7 years ago
Active Installs: 50+
Got something to say? Need help?


text:
Top Definition
an orgasm you get when you see pics or videos, or hear music from john frusciante.
i had a frugasm when i heard the ending of Sir Psycho Sexy.
af laura kkkkk 25. maj 2007
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
"I saved $20 at Jewel today using coupons and I had a frugasm"
af Ockwid 16. juli 2008


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The Dallas Mavericks are looking to make their 2013 offseason all about the free-agent market. With the promise of signing multiple superstars to pair with Dirk Nowitzki and Rick Carlisle, the Mavericks might have a shot at signing some of the summer's biggest stars, like Dwight Howard and Chris Paul.
Two things are presently getting in their way: their 2013 draft pick, and Shawn Marion.
One of those is highly valuable to other teams. The other is not. However, trying to package them together, they might get some heads turned from some of the other teams around the league. While the Mavericks won't do a trade without getting something back, I think that they're already all in on the free-agent class of 2014, and should dump anything getting in their way, including Marion. Here are some teams who might be up for doing a pick-for-Marion swap.


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Winners of the Johanna Meier Opera Theater Institute Young Performers Competition held at Black Hills State University were recently announced.
Read more...
Black Hills State University faculty and staff are transforming lives and making headlines with their achievements.
The Johanna Meier Opera Theater Young Performers Competition, sponsored by Black Hills State University and the Johanna Meier Opera Theater Institute, will be held Friday, June 12 at 7:00 p.m. in the Clare and Josef Meier Recital Hall.
Black Hills State University will host 18 high school students participating in the South Dakota Rising Scholars in Math and Science Program June 14-18.
Twenty-two Black Hills State University photography students were chosen as finalists for the 29th Annual College Photographers Competition by Photographers Forum Magazine.
The Black Hills State University summer theatre program will begin its third season this July.
Black Hills State University has installed an anemometer above the roof of Woodburn Hall, the highest point on campus, to record wind speeds in an effort to support wind energy possibilities.
Black Hills State University will host an "Angels & Demons Lecture Night: The Science Revealed" Thursday, May 14 at 7 p.m. in Clare and Josef Meier Recital Hall, the night before the movie is released nationally.
Black Hills State University photography students are currently exhibiting photographs in the Photographers Gallery at BHSU through
Aug. 31.
The Black Hills State University Alternative Photographic Printing Processes course concludes with an exhibition at the Spearfish Arts Center Gallery that will remain open until
May 31.
Black Hills State University is expanding its radio programming throughout the Northern Hills, thanks to several donors.
The winners in the tenth annual Stewart Bellman Awards for Excellence in Undergraduate Writing at Black Hills State University were recently announced.
Several Black Hills State University advanced conducting students recently showcased their skills during the "Conductors Showcase Concert."
The Jacket Journal, Black Hills State University's student newspaper, received a first place overall award in the American Scholastic Press Association's annual newspaper competition.
Anything is Possible at Black Hills State University! Faculty, staff, and students are making headlines with their achievements. See what BHSU is in the news for lately. Call 605.642.6215 to share your news item.
Black Hills State University
Office of Admissions
1200 University Street
Unit #9502
Spearfish, SD 57799-9502
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text: The SUPRA Skytop IV returns in a stealthy new "Black Crocodile" colorway. This latest drop finds the sky-high silhouette decked out in crocodile-embossed black leather with an all-black sole down below. Inside is a moisture-wicking lining and plenty of padding to keep your feet dry and protected during skate sessions. Look for these now at select stockists including Feature Sneaker Boutique.


text:
Fort Worth remembers JFK
Photo: Brad Loper/Staff Photographer
Bill Paxton (right) listens to Hugh Aynesworth during the "Fort Worth Remembers JFK" event at the TCU Schieffer School of Journalism.
To post a comment, log into your chosen social network and then add your comment below. Your comments are subject to our Terms of Service and the privacy policy and terms of service of your social network. If you do not want to comment with a social network, please consider writing a letter to the editor.


text:
Featured Chef
Carrie From Carries Home Cooking
Hello from Flagstaff, AZ! My name is Carrie and well, my family would say I'm crazy, my husband would say I'm amazing, and I would tell you, that I'm a food blogger, recipe developer, food photographer and free taste-tester. My blog focuses on quick, easy, mostly healthy and affordable recipes and meal plans for the everyday family. Basically, I enjoy making food that is quick, easy and can be made by your average, every day family without the need for special equipment or gourmet ingredients. It's about cooking clever, being creative and having fun!


text:
Harken USA shipping and receiving will be closed
for physical inventory from 11:00 AM CST, Wednesday, September 28th through
Friday, September 30th. Other departments will be available as usual. We will
resume shipping and receiving orders on Monday, October 3rd.
Battcar switch systems cut sail stack height in half by automatically splitting cars onto two tracks. Switch system track is machined or extruded from 6061-T6 aluminum and hardcoat anodized for a long-lasting surface.
DO NOT use Harken equipment for human suspension unless product is specifically certified and labeled for such use.
Address InformationTel: 262.691.3320 | Fax: 262.701.5780 Email: email@example.com Technical Service: email@example.com our other locations


text:
The Plot Thickens at American Apparel
The investors behind one takeover bid want to bring back Dov Charney.By Véronique Hyland
The investors behind one takeover bid want to bring back Dov Charney.By Véronique Hyland
The world's grossest CEO is still creeping us out.By Véronique Hyland
Retail's Rick Astley.By Véronique Hyland
"Fired for cause."By Véronique Hyland
Which might violate the terms of his termination letter.By Véronique Hyland
But he could be foiled by their regulations.By Véronique Hyland
This means war.By Véronique Hyland
He granted an interview to the Financial Times.By Véronique Hyland
"Whenever he comes to New York everyone is super-scared, because he'll just stay stuff that's like, 'Whoa.'"By Katie Van Syckle
Plus, his termination letter leaked.By Véronique Hyland
And therefore "exposing the company to liability."By Caroline Bankoff
Re-branding the company will take a whole lot more than ousting Dov Charney.By Véronique Hyland
"We take no joy in this, but the Board felt it was the right thing to do."By Margaret Hartmann
Three cheers for Dov Charney.By Hilary Moss
The model was the photographer's girlfriend, for one thing.By Charlotte Cowles
Despite American Apparel's best (and ickiest) efforts.By Charlotte Cowles
But not enough.By Hilary Moss
"I'm in the schmatta business."By Hilary Moss
American Apparel isn't making the country's uniforms anytime soon.By Hilary Moss
Why wouldn't there be?By Hilary Moss