text:
September 2014, Volume 31 Number 3 , p 152 - 158
health promotion,
whooping cough
ABSTRACT: Pertussis (whooping cough) has been on the rise over the past few decades. In 2014, the World Health Organization estimates 50 million cases with 300,000 fatalities will occur worldwide. This article presents the history of pertussis, possible reasons for the rise in prevalence, symptoms, management of illness, vaccination across the lifespan, and worldwide prevention efforts. The critical role nurses play in vaccination and pertussis education is emphasized.
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a serious and highly contagious respiratory infection resulting in uncontrollable and violent coughing that makes breathing difficult. As the person, especially a baby or young child, tries to take a breath in between coughs, a "whooping" sound is made. Primarily caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria, pertussis also is caused by Bordetella parapertussis in young children and Bordetella holmesii in adolescents and adults (Cherry, 2013). Pertussis infection is particularly dangerous in babies under 1 year, where most whooping cough deaths occur. Worldwide, pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014).
In recent years pertussis infections have been on the rise, especially in older children, adolescents, and adults. In the United States, from 1980 to 1990 an average of 2,900 cases of pertussis per year were reported. This jumped to 25,827 cases in 2004 and 27,550 in 2010 with 27 related deaths occurring primarily in babies less than 3 months old (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012). In 2012, the CDC (2013a) indicated that 48,000 cases of whooping cough were reported with 20 deaths. Worldwide an estimated 16 million cases of whooping cough were reported in 2008 with 195,000 deaths occurring mostly in children in developing countries (WHO, 2010). Currently, WHO (2014) estimates an annual rate of 50 million cases of pertussis worldwide with 300,000 fatalities.
This article presents a brief history of pertussis, possible reasons for the increase in cases, symptoms, management of illness, prevention through vaccination across the lifespan, and worldwide prevention efforts. The critical role nurses play in preventing whooping cough and improving vaccination through education is emphasized. Table 1 summarizes nursing interventions to decrease pertussis.
Pertussis, first recognized in the Middle Ages, was described as "the kink," a Scottish term meaning fit or paroxysm. The first documented epidemic occurred in the 16th century in 1578 in Paris, France (Baker & Katz, 2004; Cherry, 1996).
The primary cause of pertussis, B. pertussis, was discovered in 1906 by Belgium scientists Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou. In the 1930s, a vaccine using diphtheria, tetanus, and killed whole-cell B. pertussis organisms was developed (DTwP). Although effective, DTwP contains endotoxin and can have unpleasant side effects such as pain and swelling at the injection site along with fever and malaise. In the 1970s and 1980s, an acellular vaccine (DTaP) was developed with no endotoxin and few side effects, but a smaller number of antigens in comparison with DTwP vaccines. Whole-cell DTwP was used in the United States until DTaP vaccines were put into universal use in the 1990s (Baker & Katz, 2004; Cherry, 2013).
Prior to pertussis vaccination more than 200,000 cases were reported annually in the United States with 5,000 to 10,000 deaths per year. When DTwP vaccination began in the 1940s, a 157-fold decrease in pertussis infections occurred (CDC, 2013a; Cherry, 2013). Continued large-scale DTwP vaccinations during the 1950s and 1960s led to a dramatic reduction (>90%) in incidence and mortality in the industrialized world (WHO, 2010).
Today, the WHO (2014) lists pertussis as a major cause of death in infants worldwide. Ninety-five percent of cases occur in developing countries and pertussis continues to be a public health concern even in countries with high vaccination coverage. Reported pertussis cases have been gradually increasing worldwide since the 1980s (CDC, 2012; Cherry, 2013). Although the causes for this increase are not entirely clear, several reasons have been suggested.
Since the late 1980s, pertussis diagnoses have increased due to knowledge of the illness from vaccine promotion and popularity of a simple laboratory diagnostic test. Better diagnosis has revealed more pertussis cases, especially in adolescents and adults. In addition, reporting and data collections systems have improved in the last 35 years contributing to more documented cases (Cherry, 2013).
Pertussis immunity wanes over time after vaccination so little protection is available 5 to 10 years after the last dose has been given (CDC, 2012), contributing to increasing pertussis cases. Not completing the recommended series of five DTaP vaccinations in childhood also decreases immunity. Some suggest universal widespread use of acellular pertussis vaccines has been associated with genetic changes in circulating B. pertussis strains due to vaccines containing fewer pertussis antigens (Cherry, 2013). In general, diminished immunity is being caused by ambivalence toward precautionary childhood vaccinations, the lack of well-child visits, and the lack of appropriate boosters. Nurses should educate patients and the public that follow-up booster vaccinations at all ages are critical to maintain immunity to pertussis and other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).
Some suggest that the influx of nonvaccinated immigrants to the United States brings new clusters of pertussis outbreaks every 3 to 5 years. A few years ago the state of California, which receives many Hispanic immigrants, declared a pertussis epidemic due to the largest outbreak in 50 years and urged all residents to obtain vaccinations, especially those of Latino background (Vaughn & Miller, 2011). Nurses in all settings can assist with close observation and immunization of new immigrant families to decrease outbreaks nationwide.
Lack of vaccination may be due to multiple factors including availability, cost, literacy issues, language barriers, and lack of information. Nurses are critical to educating about and assisting patients and the public with obtaining vaccination. However, before individuals can be educated, healthcare practitioners must assess the literacy of their patients. Health literacy is the "degree to which a person can obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decision" (Joel, 2009, 363.). Health literacy is not only about English or other language proficiency, but about how each individual processes communication with his or her practitioner in terms of interpersonal dynamics and the lens of cultural beliefs and practices. Practitioners must develop forms of information within a cultural context (Joel, 2009). Due diligence in education and the promotion of vaccinations is essential. Divergent cultural perspectives and opinions toward vaccinations indicate the need for continued communication and collaboration between medical and public health officials and the public about appropriate and effective immunization policies (The College of Physician of Philadelphia, 2012).
Fear of vaccination and religious objections may be contributing to increases in pertussis. All 50 U.S. states allow exemption to vaccination for medical reasons and all but two states (Mississippi, West Virginia) allow exemption to vaccination based on religious reasons. Religious objections to vaccines most often are related to use of animal or aborted human tissue in culturing vaccines; however, most major religions allow exemptions for vaccination. Typically a signed affidavit stating how vaccination conflicts with specific religious tenets is required. Some states can legally require vaccination if an epidemic or outbreak occurs (National Vaccine Information Center [NVIC], n.d.). It has been noted that even irreligious parents are using the religious exemption for their children (Leblanc, 2007). Nurses are critical to educating others and providing truthful information about vaccine development and potential side effects.
Pertussis symptoms occur because of toxins released by B. pertussis that paralyze the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells and cause inflammation. Infection is caused primarily by respiratory contact with airborne droplets from respiratory secretions. The incubation period for pertussis usually is 7 to 10 days (range 4-21 days), but can be as long as 42 days (CDC, 2012). Pertussis infection is divided into three stages.
The first or catarrhal stage lasts 1 to 2 weeks and is similar to the common cold with runny nose, low-grade fever, and occasional cough. In the second or paroxysmal stage the person has outbursts, or paroxysms, of multiple rapid coughs trying to expel thick mucus from the lungs followed by a high-pitched whoop trying to inhale. Typically, this is when pertussis is suspected. Coughing spells increase for 1 to 2 weeks to about 15 attacks in 24 hours, especially at night, level off for 2 weeks, then start to decrease. Babies and young children can become cyanotic when coughing, often vomiting after a coughing spell; however, infants may not whoop due to exhaustion. Interestingly, people do not appear to be ill between coughing episodes. Supportive therapies attempt to reduce the number of paroxysms (cough suppressants); improve oxygenation (supplemental O2, breathing treatments, mechanical ventilation); and support nutrition, hydration, and rest (CDC, 2012, 2013b).
The final convalescent stage is gradual as paroxysms become less and eventually disappear. Paroxysms often recur with subsequent respiratory infections for many months after pertussis. Pertussis is typically milder in adolescents and adults, who often are the source of infection for children (CDC, 2012). Individuals are contagious from the beginning of the catarrhal stage through the third week after onset of paroxysms, or until they have been on antibiotics for 5 days (CDC, 2013b).
The most common complication and cause of death in pertussis is secondary pneumonia, especially in infants. Seizures and encephalopathy can occur from hypoxia with coughing or even from pertussis toxins. Other complications include otitis media, sleep loss, weight loss, urinary incontinence, dehydration, pneumothorax, rib fractures, epistaxis (nosebleed), subdural hematomas, hernias, and rectal prolapse (CDC, 2012).
Diagnosis of pertussis can be made with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab of the nasal cavity. The PCR test can be completed rapidly and has excellent sensitivity; however, results should always be analyzed in light of clinical symptoms and epidemiological information (CDC, 2011). Pertussis cases should be reported immediately to local health departments.
The traditional treatment for pertussis is antibiotics, most often erythromycin, which removes B. pertussis from secretions and may modify the course of illness if started early (CDC, 2011, 2012). Antibiotics are not effective late in the course of the illness except to deal with complications. The CDC recommends antibiotic treatment for everyone in close proximity to the one with pertussis illness regardless of age or vaccination status.
Because pertussis often is not diagnosed until someone has had the illness for several weeks, nurses should educate others about following airborne or droplet precautions any time someone has a respiratory illness. Droplets from sneezing and coughing can travel 3 feet or more, so encourage covering the nose and mouth using the sleeve/arm or wearing a mask. Instruct people to use frequent correct hand washing, use separate towels and dishes for those who are ill, and frequently disinfect surfaces where the sick person has had contact.
Immunization for pertussis utilizes evidence-based practice of appropriate immunization for children and adults. The CDC maintains an Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) made up of healthcare experts who make recommendations on all vaccines, including pertussis. "DTaP" is used in children 7 and under and contains diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis antigens. "Tdap," first licensed for adolescents and adults in 2005, is used in children 11 and older and contains tetanus and reduced amounts of diphtheria and acellular pertussis antigens. Recommended pertussis immunization schedules and vaccine information for various age groups are provided in Table 2. It should be noted that none of the DTaP or Tdap vaccines contain the preservative thimerosal, a mercury-containing organic compound possibly associated with neurotoxicity (CDC, 2012).
Are vaccinations, including DTaP and Tdap, safe? In 1990, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS, n.d.-a), a surveillance system to record adverse events to vaccine administration. Around 11,000 adverse event reports for all ages and all vaccines are made to VAERS annually where 10% to 15% of reported events entail hospitalization, permanent disability, or are considered life-threatening, and about 2% involve deaths. Reporting is not mandatory but based on decisions by healthcare providers or the public to report, and reports are accepted by VAERS whether or not the vaccination is shown to have caused the adverse event. The majority of reported events involve localized reactions to vaccinations (Braun, 2014). A recent study supports that DTaP vaccine should be given in the anterolateral thigh in children younger than 3 years to decrease severe local reactions (Jackson et al., 2013).
Although the number of minimal adverse events may be higher due to underreporting, are 11,000 reported vaccine events significant? More than 10 million vaccines are administered each year to children less than 1-year old (VAERS, n.d.-b) so even if the 11,000 events occurred only in young children, these events would represent only a small fraction of children being vaccinated and the majority of the events would be local reactions. Regarding serious reactions, babies are at the highest risk for high fevers, seizures, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); thus, these events can occur whether related to vaccination or not. However, severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) following vaccination with DTaP, or encephalopathy within 7 days, are contraindications for further vaccination. Caution should be used in continuing DTaP vaccinations if a child develops a "temperature of 105[degrees]F (40.5[degrees]C) or higher within 48 hours that is not due to another identifiable cause; collapse or shock-like state (hypotonic hyporesponsive episode) within 48 hours; persistent, inconsolable crying lasting 3 hours or longer, occurring within 48 hours; and convulsions with or without fever occurring within 3 days" (CDC, 2012, p. 227). Tdap vaccination is contraindicated if prior severe allergic reaction has occurred to DTaP or a vaccine component, or a history of encephalopathy developed within 7 days of receiving a pertussis vaccine (CDC, 2012).
Practitioners must build a trusting relationship with patients and reinforce the need for vaccinations through face-to-face contact, engaging parents to discuss concerns, and provide evidence-based research to guide recommendations and reassure patients of the safety of vaccines (Smith et al., 2011). Waiting rooms in primary care providers' offices are excellent places to acquaint patients with health information. Studies indicate that continuous audiovisual messages in clinic waiting rooms showing educational material increases awareness (Eubelen et al., 2011). Short video clips with children portraying pertussis in the clinic waiting rooms with a message regarding the vaccination requirement will have an impact. This type of message was associated with an increase in the number of prescriptions for vaccinations; the audiovisual messages attracted patient's attention and encouraged them to ask questions, therefore, encouraging patients to be active players in their healthcare (Eubelen et al., 2011). Primary care providers' offices that utilize call logs and strict record keeping can improve compliance and ensure timely immunization coverage (Vaughn & Miller, 2011). Stockwell et al. (2012) concluded in a study that text messages to parents and caregivers of children reminding about immunizations is an effective communication and reminder system.
Developing nations have the most underserved and sickest populations, and inadequate numbers of healthcare providers. The skills needed by nurses in third world nations are an intimate knowledge of the community's needs and the ability to obtain and organize resources to meet needs on a continuing basis. The healthcare practitioner must gain the trust of each community, understand the beliefs and concerns of the people, and be able to communicate complex ideas and concepts simply and clearly.
The CDC's Global Immunization Division (GID), Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), World Bank, and the United Nations Foundation (UNF) are involved with vaccination against deadly diseases and work closely with a variety of partners in more than 60 countries to vaccinate children against contagious and potentially serious VPDs. These efforts reduce the risk for VPDs spreading to other countries and, ultimately, protect all from sickness and death (CDC, 2011). Funding for GID has been provided by the U.S. Congress since 1991. Bolstering routine immunizations and increasing the use of new vaccines to protect against pneumonia, diarrhea, and meningitis could prevent approximately 2 million child deaths annually. The CDC has made immunization a global health priority as vaccines prevent diseases, save lives, and are cost-effective (CDC, 2011).
Potential strategies to protect babies worldwide are: (a) selective immunization of close family members of neonates and (b) universal adolescent, maternal, and neonate immunization. Household contacts are most often the source of pertussis exposure for young infants (Campbell et al., 2012). Studies also have shown that pregnant women have a good immune response to the vaccine, thus, providing protection to neonates (Campbell et al., 2012). Nurses should play an important role in educating mothers-to-be on the benefits of vaccination.
Protecting newborns from VPDs requires an organized, accessible, and well-functioning immunization program as a key component of a country's public health program. When strong routine immunization programs combine with effective disease surveillance programs, the results are fewer deaths and less disease from VPDs. Effective routine immunization programs maintain high vaccine coverage, decrease waste and shortages of vaccines, allow earlier detection of disease outbreaks, and lessen the need to rely on resource-intensive special vaccination campaigns (CDC, 2011).
The pertussis vaccine has been part of WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) since its inception in 1974, and in 1982, about 82% of infants worldwide received three doses of the vaccine. A serological study from the United States showed that 21% of adults with prolonged cough (>2 weeks) had pertussis. Another study found that when pertussis occurs in infants, 76% to 83% of the time family members, primarily parents, are the source of the disease (WHO, 2010). Thus, WHO has placed a worldwide priority on achieving >=90% coverage with three doses of high-quality pertussis vaccines in infants, particularly in developing countries.
Throughout the 1980s, UNICEF worked with the WHO to achieve Universal Childhood Immunization of the six EPI vaccines, which includes pertussis, with the aim of immunizing 80% of all children by 1990. Since then, progress has continued: by 2010, a record 109 million children were vaccinated and global immunization rates were at 85%, the highest level ever. Of the world's 19.3 million children not immunized for pertussis, 13.2 million (or 68%) live in 10 countries. Delivering immunizations also offers an opportunity to deliver other preventative services such as deworming medications, insecticide-treated mosquito nets, and vitamin A supplements. UNICEF works with governments, partners, and communities to "Reach the Unreached," and increase national ownership for immunization (UNICEF, 2012).
Established in 1944, the World Bank is a partner with the GAVI Alliance and is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries (The World Bank, 2014). The World Bank's mission is to reduce poverty and support development. The UNF works with the WHO, UNICEF, and other United Nations agencies to develop and expand major initiatives to help families survive and thrive. In 2012, the UNF predicted that over 1.7 million children worldwide would die from diseases that have all but disappeared in the United States because one in five does not have access to life-saving immunizations needed to thrive. The UNF has created the Shot@Life campaign, which educates, connects, and empowers Americans to champion vaccines as one of the most cost-effective ways to save the lives of children in developing countries. By expanding access to vaccines, the UNF potentially saves a child's life every 20 seconds (UNF, 2012). By encouraging Americans to learn about, advocate for, and donate vaccines, the UNFs campaign will decrease vaccine-preventable childhood deaths and give children a shot at a healthy life.
To encourage those in impoverished communities in the United States to seek out vaccinations, partnerships should be formed with service organizations such as the Kiwanis club, local food banks, churches, hospitals, and schools. These groups can help identify those most likely not to be vaccinated and help them find free or low-cost immunizations. Faith community nurses are in an ideal role to create and lead these partnerships. Nurses also can volunteer in vaccination outreach events.
Another creative approach to solving the pertussis problem is to push for universal vaccinations for adolescents and adults (Rittle, 2010). Healthcare practitioners must seek the assistance of the U.S. Congress to pass bills making insurance companies responsible for coverage of vaccinations as "health prevention" incentives. The Tdap is more costly than the older Td booster vaccine, which may be a factor when facilities make decisions about vaccine provision to patients; therefore, a mandatory guideline should be followed by all facilities through a universal vaccination program. For the program to be successful, healthcare providers and the general public must be included in public health education to control the incidence of the disease (Rittle, 2010). Nurses also can push for a national registry to track immunization status across state lines. The media is a good resource to increase awareness and to influence health policy on vaccinations.
Pertussis is a killer of tomorrow's future generations, but prevention through partnerships with the global leaders of health today ensures their tomorrow. A concerted effort begins on both the national and international level. This effort begins with nurses and nurse practitioners and other primary care providers who educate patients and the public. The battle of pertussis is winnable through education, awareness, and vaccination. By using our resources and uniting, a global battle will be waged and won against pertussis and the children of tomorrow can breathe easier for a lifetime.
* CDC-http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/
* Immunization & Catch-Up Schedules-http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules
* The Pink Book-http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html
* ACIP-http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip
* VAERS-http://vaers.hhs.gov
* UNICEF-http://www.unicef.org/immunization
* UNF Shot@Life-http://shotatlife.org
Baker J. P., Katz S. L. (2004). Childhood vaccine development: An overview. Pediatric Research, 55(2), 347-356. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000106317.36875.6A [Context Link]
Braun M. M. (2014). Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS): Usefulness and limitations. Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved from http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/VAERS.htm[Context Link]
Campbell H., Amirthalingam G., Andrews N., Fry N. K., George R. C., Harrison T. G., Miller E. (2012). Accelerating control of pertussis in England and Wales. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 38-47. [Context Link]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Global vaccines and immunizations. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/global/default.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases: The pink book: Course textbook (12th ed. [2nd printing]). Atlanta, GA: CDC. [Context Link]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013a). Childhood Whooping Cough vaccine protects most children for at least 5 years. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/matte/2011/10_whooping_cough.pdf[Context Link]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013b). Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Treatment timing and antimicrobial choice. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/treatment.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013c). Pertussis: Summary of vaccine recommendations. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/pertussis/recs-summary.htm
Cherry J. D. (1996). Historical review of pertussis and the classical vaccine. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174(Suppl. 3), S259-S263. [Context Link]
Cherry J. D. (2013). Pertussis: Challenges today and for the future. Public Library of Science (PloS) Pathogens, 9(7), e1003418. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003418. Retrieved from http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1003418[Context Link]
Eubelen C., Brendel F., Belche J. L., Freyens A., Vanbelle S., Giet D. (2011). Effect of an audiovisual message for tetanus booster vaccination broadcast in the waiting room. BioMedCentral Family Practice, 12, 104. [Context Link]
Jackson L. A., Peterson D., Nelson J. C., Marcy S. M., Naleway A. L., Nordin J. D...., Weintraub E. (2013). Vaccination site and risk of local reactions in children 1 through 6 years of age. Pediatrics, 131(2), 283-289. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2617 [Context Link]
Joel L. A. (2009). Advanced Practice Nursing: Essentials for role development (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis. [Context Link]
Leblanc S. (2007, October 18). Parents use religion to avoid vaccines. USA Today. Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-10-17-19819928_x.htm[Context Link]
National Vaccine Information Center. (n.d.). State law & vaccine requirements. Retrieved from http://www.nvic.org/Vaccine-Laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx
Rittle C. (2010). Pertussis-The case for universal vaccination. The Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 15(4), 282-291. [Context Link]
Smith P. J., Humiston S. G., Marcuse E. K., Zhao Z., Dorell C. G., Howes C., Hibbs B. (2011). Parental delay or refusal of vaccine doses, childhood vaccination coverage at 24 months of age, and the health belief model. Public Health Reports, 126(Suppl. 2), 135-146. [Context Link]
The World Bank. (2014). What we do. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do[Context Link]
United Nations Foundation. (2012). What we do. Shot@life. Retrieved from http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/campaigns-and-initiatives/shot-at-life/
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. (2012). Immunization. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_2819.html
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. (n.d.-a). VAERS. Retrieved from http://vaers.hhs.gov/index
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. (n.d.-b). VAERS data. Retrieved from http://vaers.hhs.gov/data/index
Vaughn J. A., Miller R. A. (2011). Update on immunizations in adults. American Family Physicians, 84(9), 1015-1020. [Context Link]
World Health Organization. (2010). Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8540.pdf
World Health Organization. (2014). WHO-recommended surveillance standard of pertussis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_[Context Link]
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Read/Write/Play: Interactive Fiction at the Story Sharing Web Conference
Posted by Joe Pereira
I recently gave a presentation on using Interactive Fiction for language learning at the 1st Story Sharing Web Conference, organised by the British Council, Turkey. The conference aimed to promote ways of getting language leaners and teachers more involved in the reading, writing and telling of stories – or in the conference organiser's words, to:
"treat stories as they should be treated…That is to make students laugh, cry, get angry, be thrilled, be shocked, get inspired…Stories which enrich students' experience of learning English both inside and outside the classroom."
The term 'Digital Storytelling' appeared in many of the presentation titles -and if Interactive Fiction isn't a form of Digital Storytelling – and possibly even THE FIRST form of digital storytelling, well then I don't know what is!
Read/Write/Play: Digital game-based storytelling with Interactive Fiction
My presentation aimed to provide the participants with a quick overview of what IF is, it's place in digital game-based learning, and why it can be used as a language learning tool. The presentation was done through the excellent Adobe Connect platform and the recording can be watched here.
You can download a PDF of the slides here.
Coincidentally, Alex Warren (creator of IF authoring software Quest) and Paul Sweeney, also gave a presentation on using IF as a storytelling tool, more specifically on the authoring of IF using Quest 5 (which I touch upon in my own session). You can check it out here.
Adam Simpson (who did an excellent job moderating my session BTW – in spite of some technical glitches) has posted his reflections on the proceedings at Teach Them English. More in-depth information on the speakers and the conference can be found here.
All in all, I think my session turned out well and the participants (from all over the world) were very kind. I just hope they try out some IF for themselves and give 9:05 a go with their students.
Maybe I need to go back to Turkey and give a few face-to-face training sessions to make sure they do🙂
About Joe PereiraJoe Pereira is an English as a foreign language teacher in Portugal. He is interested in digital game-based learning, especially with Interactive Fiction.
Posted on February 13, 2013, in Interactive Fiction and tagged 9:05, Alex Warren, IF, IF authoring, Interactive Fiction, Paul Sweeney, Quest, story sharing, storytelling. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.


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Rios Studied John Murray's Loss To Mitchell, Took Notes
By Chris LaBate
WBA lightweight champion Brandon Rios (28-0-1, 21 KOs) is ready for action on Saturday night. He defends his title against British boxer John Murray (31-1, 18 KOs) on the undercard of the Miguel Cotto-Antonio Margarito pay-per-view at New York's Madison Square Garden.
Murray returns from an eighth-round technical knockout loss against fellow Brit Kevin Mitchell (32-1, 24 KOs) on July 16 in Liverpool. Rios watched film on Murray, in particular his loss to Mitchell. He mistakes in Murray's style and plans to exploit those shortcomings on Saturday.
"I did watch Murray's last fight with Kevin Mitchell. I did watch the mistakes that he did in that fight. I watched his last two fights before Kevin Mitchell I think. I saw the mistakes that he does and I'm going to counter off of it. I watched it once or twice to see what I'm up against. Robert [Garcia] watched most it. He better be mentally and physically ready, because if he's not it's going to be an early night for him," Rios said.
Rios is a beast, but once he faces a slick boxer who can take a punch his reign will come to an end. Til then I'm just enjoying the ride!!!!Post a Comment - View More User Comments (1)


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|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Arcade
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What Are Plyometrics?
What Is And What Does It Do?
Promiscuous Protestah
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They increase power/strength/speed and plyometrics vary...
Mostly medicine ball routines and a lot of jumping and interval training.
Holyfield does them a lot, like in the gym he would have boxes at multiple heights and jump the hell out of them good for explosivenes.....
Their is a plethora of plyometric exercises though...
Im not to fond of them and cant give an extensive knowledge about them, however I do remember someone around these waters that will be able to fill you in more then I possibly can.
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Thanks For The Reply And Maybe I Can Get Other Replys From Other People.
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They're just tuck jumps. Jump and touch ur knees with ur chest as fast as you can. start of by doing 20 x4 rounds of them 15-30 sec rest. Then gradually increase the number of jumps as u get conditioned with them, or hold a medicine ball. Theyre a great intense exercise.
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Plyometrics is a form of training used mainly for explosion, power, and balance. It helps a lot with improving explosiveness while maintaining endurance and is used for training in a lot of differents sports (i know basketball, baseball, and track use it a lot). Basically, it involves high-paced repetition of one simple exercise in a short period of time.
Some of the best exercises are things like side to side or
forward and back over an outsretched rope as quick as possible, jumping on and off of a 1-3 foot box and squatting on each landing (good for balance and coordination), jumping as far forward as possible several times in a row, side jumping over hurdles with feet toghether, passing a medicine ball back and forth very quickly, and throwing it high in the air directly overhead and catching in a squat position.
Those are a lot of the main exercises in plyometrics; they make for a pretty intense workout that can always be improved upon.
Join Date: Jun 2004
Location: Austin, TX
Age: 31
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Total Points: 17,174.48
Go down to about just a little bit past the middle of the page and there will be some plyometric excercises. Hope it helps.
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|4th Annual Dog Days Swim Fundraiser - Sunday Sept 11th
|Posted on Sep 8th, 2016 Comments (0)
4th Annual Dog Days Swim Fundraiser
Sunday, September 11th - 1.00 to 4.00 p.m.
Don't forget the fourth annual pup swim this Sunday (9/11/2016). This event has been a huge success the last three years! Bring your well socialized canines down to the pool and allow the pups to enjoy the pool for the day. Donations will be taken which will benefit the Fairfax County Animal Shelter. If you wish to participate, make sure that your pup's immunizations are up-to-date, fill out the following form and forward to Susan Allen (click here).
|Community Yard Sale Saturday June 18th - 8 a.m. - 12 p.m.
|Posted on May 16th, 2016 Comments (0)
The annual Union Mills Community Yard Sale is Saturday June 18 from 8 -12. If you would still like to participate Click Here to register.
We still have tables available and there should be a really good turn out. The event will be heavily advertised on Garage Sales Tracker, Yard Sale Search, GSalr, Craigslist, Yard Sale Treasure Map and Yardsales.net.
Participants may set up as early as 7 a.m. Colored Pricing sticker/labels are readily available to you. Please invite your neighbors down to participate. Water is turned "ON" in the pool house, we have electricity and restrooms are open. Donuts and coffee for the early birds.
|Update on Storm Water Pond Retrofit Project for Townhomes
|Posted on Oct 1st, 2015 Comments (0)
Stormwater Ponds Retrofit Update -Here is some great news. - You may have recently noticed where Fairfax County has surveyed the two storm ponds in the townhome area. This is the first step in the process of retrofitting (redesigning) the two storm ponds. Fairfax County engineers indicate that the following items will be addressed.
|New Resolution on Prohibited Activities/Vehicles on Common Area
|Posted on Apr 1st, 2015
The new resolution 2015-2 (Prohibited Activities/Vehicles on Common Area) was amended and passed on April 1.2015.
In the past, the Board has always been committed to providing a safe environment for kids to thrive and play by installing additional stop signs, speed humps on Gosling Drive, reduced speed limit signs (15MPH) on Gosling Drive, "Children at Play" signs on Gosling Drive, additional line markings and stop sign line bars. It is the Board's intention to continue to be committed to this process as the safety of our residents and their children will always be of the utmost importance.
Your feedback is always welcome and can be provided to management at anytime by emailing Genel Clark at firstname.lastname@example.com. A copy of the new resolution will be sent out with the 2015 Annual Meeting notice and Pool Application. Click here to review the new 2015-2 Common area resolutions.


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boy- Jayden

girl- Mackenzie

(love these 2 names so much!!)
Best Answer
cool! Now u made me rethink my fav name.haha
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cool. haha :)
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Girl:Amaranth

Boy: Balthazar
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Raymion for a boy or girl
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Zack and Stacy :D
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Boy- Ivan

Best Answer
Ok so two names from the same movie but i just love both names. Tristian and Isold
Best Answer
Male, Cody

Female, Cheynne
Best Answer
Ethan and Dylan
Best Answer
Not sure for a man, but Farrah for a woman
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Batman.

Batgirl.

There will be no compromise.
Best Answer
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4 posts tagged with leaked.
Displaying 1 through 4 of 4. Subscribe:
Tarantino's Hateful Eight script leak: Mistrust, coffee, swearing ensue
"I gave it to three motherf***ing actors. We met in a place, and I put it in their hands. Reggie Hudlin's agent never had a copy. It's got to be either the agents of Dern or Madsen. Please name names." Quentin Tarantino decided he won't make The Hateful Eight, which was slated to be his next big film. The script is now floating around the 'net, and summaries of the plot abound, telling of an ensemble cast in a very bloody Western centered on bounty hunters. If you don't want to track down the 146 page document, here is a summary of the six "most Tarantino" elements in the film, which was to be shot in 70 mm film, and in CinemaScope to boot. [more inside]
Recording of Bradley Manning's Speech Leaked
Despite a court prohibition on such recordings, an audio recording of Bradley Manning's speech to the military court in Fort Meade has been leaked in full. In his own words, Bradley Manning explains his reaction to the Collateral Murder video and the process that led him to leak it to the world. [more inside]
AT&T-NSA documents leaked
Wired News has obtained a copy of a file detailing AT&T's involvement with the NSA that was sealed in the EFF's class-action lawsuit against AT&T. At 2AM EST this morning they have published that file on their site for anyone to download (this is the fixed link, the one on Wired is currently broken).[via]
if it's on the interweb it must be true
The Smoking Gun is leaked the 1,903 Michael Jackson grand jury testimony. Because they're our friends, they have summarized the sealed information into three different webpages: witnesses, search. and destroy?, and topless photos (not as sexy as you might hope). And of course there are the individual transcripts broken up by witness. Isn't this leak grounds for a mistrial? And what does a lightskinned brotha have to do to get a fair trial any more?
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Spring '16 Courses
ASCE UN1002 Intro to Major Topics: East Asian
Conrad Schirokauer
M/W 11:40am-12:55, HL-2 Heyman Center for the Humanities (East Campus)
Jae Won Chung
M/W 06:10pm-07:25, 522C Kent Hall
An interdisciplinary and topical approach to the major issues and phases of East Asian civilizations and their role in the contemporary world.
ASCE UN1359 Intro to East Asian Civ: China
Robert Hymes
T/Th 2:40pm-03:55, 329 Pupin
The evolution of Chinese civilization from ancient times to the twentieth century, with emphasis on characteristic institutions and traditions. Discussion Section Required. Global Core.
ASCE UN1361 Intro to East Asian Civ: Japan
Gregory Pflugfelder
T/R 4:10pm-5:25, 614 Schermerhorn
A survey of important events and individuals, prominent literary and artistic works, and recurring themes in the history of Japan, from prehistory to the 20th century.
AHIS GR6140 Japanese Arts of the Momoyama Period
Matthew McKelway
W4:10-6:00pm, Location: 934 Schermerhorn
An investigation of the visual arts of the Momoyama period (1573-1615), Japan's era of political unification. This course will focus on the patronage and participation of provincial warlords in the production of gilded screen and panel paintings, lacquer, ceramics, and textiles. We will also consider the question of how Momoyama period aesthetics would have a lasting impact on all succeeding periods of Japanese art.
AHUM UN1400 Colloquium on Major Texts: East Asia
Itsuki Hayashi
M 12:10pm-02:00, 402 Hamilton
Shang, Wei
T 2:10pm-04:00, 522C Kent
David Moerman
T 10:10am-12:00, 203 Diana Center (Barnard)
William Theodore de Bary
M 02:10pm-04:00, HL-2 Heyman Center for the Humanities (East Campus)
Harrison Huang
W 02:10pm -04:00,653 Schermerhorn
AHUM UN1399 and AHUM UN1400 form a sequence but either may be taken separately. AHUM UN1399 may also be taken as part of a sequence with AHUM UN3830. Readings in translation and discussion of texts of Middle Eastern, Indian, Chinese, and Japanese origin, including the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu, the Lotus Sutra, Dream of the Red Chamber, Tale of Genji, Zen literature, Noh plays, bunraku (puppet) plays, Chinese and Japanese poetry.
HSEA UN3863 History of Modern Korea
Charles Armstrong
T/R 1:10pm-02:25, 413 Kent
Korean history from the mid 19th century to the present, with particular focus on politics, society, and culture in the 20th century.
EAAS UN3898 The Mongols in History
Morris Rossabi
T 10:10am-12:00, 5AB Kraft Center
Study of the role of the Mongols in Eurasian history, focusing on the era of the Great Mongol Empire. The roles of Chinggis and Khubilai Khan and the modern fate of the Mongols to be considered.
EAAS UN3901 Senior Thesis
Paul Anderer
COLL UN3921 Nobility & Civility II
William Thedore De Bary
W 02:10pm-04:00, Location TBA
A team-taught multicultural, interdisciplinary course examining traditions of leadership and citizenship as they appear in the key texts of early Indian, Islamic, Far Eastern, and Western civilizations. One goal is to identify and examine common human values and issues evident in these texts while also recognizing key cultural differences.
EAAS UN3932 Revolution in Modern China
Gal Gvili
T 12:10pm-02:00, 401 Hamilton
Description to come.
EAAS UN3937 Transnational Worlds in Modern Korean Literature
Jonathan Kief
M 02:10pm-04:00, 401 Hamilton
This course explores the history of cross-border migration, travel, and exchange as it has been represented and debated in twentieth- and early twenty-first-century Korean cultural production. Using literary texts, films, and relevant secondary scholarship, we will consider how a range of writers and filmmakers used narratives of transnational movement — the crossing of Korea's borders in both directions by both Koreans and non-Koreans — in order to both conceptualize Korea's place in a changing world and re-fashion the bounds of Korean identity.
EAAS UN3990 Critical Approaches to East Asian Studies
Robert Hymes
W 04:10pm-06:00, 509 Hamilton
EALAC, AMEC MAJORS ONLY; INSTRUCTOR PERMISSION REQUIRED FOR NON-MAJORS. Description to come.
EAAS UN3310 Social Problems in Contemporary China
Leta Hong Fincher
M/W 10:10am-11:25, 411 Kent
In this undergraduate course, we will explore problems in contemporary Chinese society through reading and discussion. We will focus primarily on the market reform period in the People's Republic of China following 1979, examining topics such as social inequality, gender and sexuality, class, ethnicity and religion, urbanization and migration, the environment, the Internet, and population challenges. Since society changes so rapidly in China, I will often assign recent news reports or videos in addition to the formal readings so that we can discuss current events related to course themes. We will adopt a social scientific perspective to think critically about how individual lives in contemporary China are shaped by the social structures around them, as well as how individuals can take action to change their environment. This course has no prerequisites, but some background knowledge of Chinese history or society is helpful. If you have never taken a course on China before, please ask me for guidance. The syllabus is preliminary and subject to change based on the needs of the class.
CHNS GU4508 Readings in Classical Chinese II
Harrison Huang
T/Th 10:10am-11:25, 423 Kent
Prerequisite for GU4507: CHNS GU4302 or the equivalent. Prerequisite for GU4508: CHNS GU4507 or the equivalent. Admission after placement exam. Focusing on Tang and Song prose and poetry, introduces a broad variety of genres through close readings of chosen texts as well as the specific methods, skills, and tools to approach them. Strong emphasis on the grammatical and stylistic analysis of representative works.
JPNS GU4008 BUNGO II: Readings in Classical Japanese
David Lurie
M/W 1:10pm-2:25, 425 Pupin
Description to come.
EARL GU4013 Buddhism and Neuroscience
Bernard Faure
W 02:10pm-04:00, 201 80 Claremont
With the Dalai Lama's marked interest in recent advances in neuroscience, the question of the compatibility between Buddhist psychology and neuroscience has been raised in a number of conferences and studies. This course will examine the state of the question, look at claims made on both sides, and discuss whether or not there is a convergence between Buddhist discourse about the mind and scientific discourse about the brain.
HSEA GU4882 History of Modern China II
Eugenia Lean
T/Th 10:10am-11:25, 516 Hamilton
A critical examination of the cultural, social and political experiments that swept China starting in the late nineteenth-century and lasting until the 1970s after the end of the Mao era.
EAAS GU4022 Japanese Buddhist Visual Culture
David Moerman
T 02:10pm-04:00, 318 Milbank (Barnard)
This course explores the principal modes, media, and contexts of visual culture in Japanese Buddhist history. Through the analysis of selected case studies, the course examines of the modalities of perception, materiality, and reception that distinguish the form and function of visual media in Japanese Buddhist contexts. Students are expected to have completed preliminary coursework in relevant areas of East Asian history, religion, or art history.
HSEA GU4860 Culture and Society of Choson Korea
Jungwon Kim
M 04:10pm-06:00pm, 522A Kent
Major cultural, political, social, economic and literary issues in the history of this 500-year long period. Reading and discussion of primary texts (in translation) and major scholarly works. All readings will be in English
HSEA GU4879 Ecology and Economy in Modern China
Masato Hasegawa
T 10:10am-11:25, 317 Hamilton
This seminar examines the historical processes of China's engagement with its natural environment from the pre-modern period to the modern era. China's rapid economic growth during the last three decades has generated immense wealth and opportunities. Yet, it has also caused serious environmental degradation within and beyond the Chinese borders, including soil contamination, air and water pollution, and deforestation and desiccation. In recent years, the magnitude and global nature of China's environmental problems have drawn growing attention and raised concerns over health risks worldwide. At the same time, there has also been a renewed interest in better understanding China's past and the historical roots of the environmental challenges in present-day China. This course aims to situate China's contemporary environmental changes in a broader historical context and examines the relationships between the state, society, and the environment over the last three millennia of Chinese history Themes covered will include visions of the environment in early Chinese thought, irrigation and flood control, and population growth and urbanization. The general course format combines critical reading and active discussion. Some background knowledge of Chinese history will be helpful, but is not required.
EAAS GU4572 Chinese Documentary Cinema
Ying Qian
M 04:10pm-06:00, 522C Kent
What defines a "documentary" film? How do documentaries inform, provoke and move us? What formal devices and aesthetic strategies do documentaries use to construct visions of reality and proclaim them as authentic, credible and authoritative? What can documentary cinema teach us about the changing Chinese society, and about cinema as a medium for social engagement? This seminar introduces students to the aesthetics, epistemology and politics of documentary cinema in China from the 1940s to the present, with an emphasis on contemporary films produced in the past two decades. We examine how documentaries contended history, registered subaltern experiences, engaged with issues of gender, ethnicity and class, and built new communities of testimony and activism to foster social change. Besides documentaries made by Chinese filmmakers, we also include a small number of films made on China by western filmmakers, including those by Joris Ivens, Michelangelo Antonioni, Frank Capra and Carma Hinton. Topics include documentary poetics and aesthetics, evidence, performance and authenticity, the porous boundaries between documentary and fiction, and documentary ethics. As cinema is, among other things, a creative practice, in this course, students will be given opportunities to respond to films analytically and creatively, through writing as well as creative visual projects.
EAAS GU4727 Topics in Modern Literature – Natsume Soseki
Paul Anderer
W 02:10pm-04:00, 522C Kent
This seminar will focus on the writings, especially the novels, of Natsume Soseki (1868-1915), the pivotal author of early twentieth century Japan. His work inherited, and further spawned, a complex legacy: the prose and poetry of pre-modern Japan; a long tradition of translating of "writing" Chinese literary texts into Japanese; and, by the mid-nineteenth century, other waves of translation from several European languages (for Soseki, the most significant one being English). Soseki came of age and began to write in the period between the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars, during which he received modest government support to be as scholar in residence in London. In his criticism, and even more deeply in his fiction, he grappled with issues of unsettlement, displacement, and betrayal, as Japan was moving from a secure sense of itself within an East Asian frame of cultural reference, toward one dominated by Western standards of taste and value. Later Japanese writers, as different as Akutagawa Ryunosuke, Abe Kobo, Oe Kenzaburo, and Murakami Haruki, all acknowledge their debt to Soseki, for the power of his writing about characters without a "country" home or a stable sense of their own selves, amid a global clash of civilizations, and of empire-building strife.
EAAS GU4277 Japanese Anime and Beyond: Gender, Power and Transnational Media
Hikari Hori
T 06:10pm-08:00 (Screening W 06:00pm-08:00), 522C Kent
This is an upper-level undergraduate and graduate (MA) seminar. It would be helpful if students have some background in film/media studies, cultural studies, and/or East Asian studies, though no prerequisite is required. The guiding questions of the course: The animated films variably have become sites of knowledge formation and aesthetic experiments in different regions of the world. How so? What were the underlying historical and cultural conditions that led to the invention and circulation of animation? What would be a heuristic and effective narrative mode to examine the transnational history of animation? In order to go beyond the narrow confines of area studies that often separate the treatment of Japanese animation from the Euro-American and/or Asian contexts, this course provides a comparative approach. The tripartite course begins by introducing canonical works of Japanese animated film (anime) and provides an overview of the state of field. The next session discusses historically important films (from Europe, US and China) which students examine along with the selected readings from animation theories. The final section explores, in addition to recent animated films, comics and graphic novels (Japan and Korea), which are vital media for understanding animation.
HSEA GU4027 Issues in Early Chinese Civilization
Feng Li
T 02:10pm-04:00, 522A Kent
Prerequisite UN1359: Introduction to East Asian Civilizations: China. The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the basic issues and problems in the study of early Chinese civilization, some theoretical and others methodological. Through the review of a long series of debates the course offers a quick entrance both to this early period of history and to these studies. Organized around problems, the course encourages critical thinking and contesting arguments and helps the students weigh different positions addressing the problems. By doing so, the course guides the students to search for frontline questions and to probe possible ways to solve the problems. The course deals with both the written records (inscriptional and textual) and the material evidence, and the student can well expect this course to serve as also updates of the most fascinating archaeological discoveries in China made in the past decades. The course is designed as an upper-level undergraduate and MA course; therefore, it is recommended that undergraduate students should take "ASCE UN1359: Introduction to East Asian Civilizations: China" before participating in this course.
EARL GU4127 Meditations, Perceptions, Words: Poetry in Buddhist Literature
Dominique Townsend
T 06:10pm-08:00, 402 Hamilton
In this seminar students will read and analyze poetry from Buddhist cultures, including Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and Tibetan literary traditions. Our focus will be on poems that are emblematic of Buddhist themes such as impermanence, interdependence, perception of the present moment, and empathy. We will also read and discuss poems from Christian, Hindu, Jewish, and Islamic traditions to situate Buddhist poetry within a wider context of religious literature. Considering a broad scope of religious literature will allow students to analyze how poetic forms work to express common themes such as the nature of the self and the relationship to the divine. This course will focus on primary source materials in translation. Supplementary readings will introduce foundational Buddhist concepts and prompt consideration of literary critical questions specific to poetry. Our primary aim will be to pinpoint aspects of Buddhist philosophy that lend themselves particularly well to poetic expression.
EAAS GU4226 Gender, Class and Real Estate in Urbanizing China
Leta Hong Fincher
W 02:10pm-04:00, 401 Hamilton
This is a seminar for advanced undergraduates and master's degree students, which explores the socioeconomic consequences of China's development of a boom, urban residential real-estate market since the privatization of housing at the end of the 1990s. We will use the intersecting lenses of gender/sexuality, class and race/ethnicity to analyze the dramatic new inequalities created in arguably the largest and fastest accumulation of residential-real estate wealth in history. We will examine topics such as how skyrocketing home prices and state-led urbanization have created winners and losers based on gender, sexuality, class, race/ethnicity and location (hukou), as China strives to transform from a predominantly rural population to one that is 60 percent urban by 2020. We explore the vastly divergent effects of urban real-estate development on Chinese citizens, from the most marginaliz4d communities in remote regions of Tibet and Xinjiang to hyper-wealthy investors in Manhattan. Although this course has no formal prerequisites, it assumes some basic knowledge of Chinese history. If you have never taken a course on China before, please ask me for guidance on whether or not this class is suitable for you. The syllabus is preliminary and subject to change based on breaking news events and the needs of the class.
EARL GU4310 Life-Writing in Tibetan Buddhist Literature
Alexander Gardner
T 2:10pm-04:00, 402 Hamilton
This course engages the genre of life writing in Tibetan Buddhist culture, addressing the permeable and fluid nature of this important sphere of Tibetan literature. Through Tibetan biographies, hagiographies, and autobiographies, the class will consider questions about how life-writing overlaps with religious doctrine, philosophy, and history. For comparative purposes, we will read life writing from Western (and Japanese or Chinese) authors, for instance accounts of the lives of Christian saints, raising questions about the cultural relativity of what makes up a life's story. Global Core.
HSEA GU4927 Unusual Geographies: Asia and the Making of an Inter-Regional World
Steffen Rimner
M 02:10pm-04:00, 402 Hamilton
How did Asians abroad contribute and respond to key challenges of international society and global politics from the 19th century to the present? This course offers a panoramic comparison of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, Vietnamese and Russian transnationalism, its promise as well as its perils. Through a combination of historical primary sources and interdisciplinary literature, we will discuss how adults, students and children engaged with transnational crises: planning revolutions overseas, experiencing expulsion, exile and other dilemmas. No prior historical knowledge is required; those with an incipient interest in migration, refugee studies and humanitarian disasters are particularly welcome.
HSEA GR5013 Selected Readings in Early Chinese Texts (Qinghua Manuscripts)
Feng Li
Th 02:10pm-04:00, 522A Kent
Description to come.
HSEA GR6009 Gender in Japanese History
Gregory Pflugfelder
M 04:10pm-06:00, 201D Philosophy
Reading and discussion of primary and secondary materials dealing with Japanese history from the 16th through 19th centuries. Attention to both historical and historiographic issues, focusing on a different theme or aspect of early modern history each time offered.
CHNS GR6010 Pre-modern Chinese Fiction: Fiction & Empire II
Wei Shang
M 02:10pm-04:00, 522C Kent
Description to come.
EAAS GR6200 MA Workshop in East Asian History
Kim Brandt
M 02:10pm-04:00, 309 Hamilton
This graduate workshop focuses on the substance and practice of history writing about East Asia. It is intended for, and enrollment is limited to, Master's Degree candidates in East Asian history in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. Although there is no prerequisite, some prior knowledge of East Asian history is assumed. The instructor's permission is required for registration.
EAAS GR6400 Critical Approaches to East Asia
Hikari Hori
Th 02:10pm-04:00, 522C Kent
This graduate seminar has two objectives: (1) to familiarize EALAC graduate students with the major paradigms of contemporary literary and cultural theory in order to generate critical contexts for understanding and analyzing East Asian literature and culture in a comparative framework; (2) to provide students with strategies for writing the MA thesis. The seminar takes up a wide but interrelated range of issues, including nationalism, colonialism, cultural translation, structuralism/poststructuralism, narrative theory, gender and sexuality, visual culture, postmodernism. This course is intended for, and restricted to graduate students in East Asian literature and cultural studies in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. It is a requirement for EALAC MA students in literary and cultural studies. Instructor's permission is required for registration.
EARL GR6500 Topics in East Asian Buddhism
Bernard Faure
T 02:10pm-04:00, 112 Knox
Description to come.
EAAS GR8035 Lu Xun and Modern China
Lydia Liu
T 04:10pm-06:00, 522A Kent
Description to come.
HSEA GR8839 Graduate Colloquium in Modern Japanese History
Kim Brandt
W 02:10pm-04:00, 112 Knox
Description to come.
EAAS GR8861 Colloquium on Korean History to 1900
Jungwon Kim
M 04:10pm-06:00, 511 Kent
Description to come.
HIST GR8861 Industrial Revolutions
Madeline Zelin
W 04:10pm-06:00, 301M Fayerweather
An introduction for graduate students to major issues in the political economic history of early and late developing economies, focusing on comparative institutional, legal, and monetary/financial transformation.
HSEA GR8875 Early Modern China: Visual and Material Culture
Dorothy Ko
T 04:10pm-06:00, 522C Kent
Description to come.
JPNS GR8020 Graduate Seminar in Modern Japanese Literature
Paul Anderer
T 04:10pm-06:00, (Screening Th 06:00pm-09:00), 522D Kent
Description to come.
JPNS GR8040 Seminar in Premodern Japanese Literature
David Lurie
W 04:10pm-06:00, 522A Kent
Description to come.
EAAS GR8992 Histories of Chinese Cinema & Photography
Ying Qian
M 10:10am-12:00pm, 652 Schermerhorn
Pre-requisite: Intermediate to Advanced Chinese highly recommended. Description to come.


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Top Three Things At Stake If Seattle Wins On Sunday
1. It?s the franchise?s first-ever Super Bowl win, and that will leave 11 NFL teams without a title (Cincinnati, Philadelphia, San Diego, Atlanta, Tennessee, Carolina, Arizona, Cleveland, Detroit, Jacksonville and Houston).
2. The title will be Seattle?s first major professional championship of any kind since 1979.
3. Pete Carroll will join Jimmy Johnson and Barry Switzer as the only coaches to win a Super Bowl and NCAA national championship.
Likewise to Denver, Seattle knows what they have to do to win, but only one team can win.
For more on this story visit: Chris Chase, USA Today


text:
- Product:
- Premium 8928 timber door
- Family:
- DORMA Lever handles
- Manufacturer:
- Architonic ID:
- 1102371
- Country:
- Germany
Key facts
With the Premium range, identical lever handles can be combined with precisely matched roses, escutcheons and backplates for use on timber, narrow stile and toughened glass doors. The system comprises three components that can be flexibly combined with one another: Lever handles, roses/backplates and a square section spindle. The entire Premium range is able to satisfy virtually any design related requirement. From the modern to the classic. The wide choice of models offers an impressive indication of the high standard of quality available with the DORMA brand.
Compliant with EN 1906, usage category 4 for project doors with high demandson function and design. With minimalised shadow joint between the lever handle and the rose/backplate cover. The very high visual requirements placed on the Premium series are also reflected in the new Satino surface. With horizontal-return springing and Click&Go for fast fixing.


text:
[caption id="attachment_3851" align="aligncenter" width="500" caption="Dayton Callie, Theo Rossi, Mark Boone Junior and Kim Coates on their first USO tour, Spring 2010. (USO photo by Erick Anderson)"][/caption]
What can we say about this amazing group of actors that hasn't already been said by YOU, our amazing USO supporters?! You love the Sons of Anarchy. The Sons of Anarchy love the USO. It's perfect, right? 'Nuff said.
The Season Premiere airs September 7, and you can catch the show every Tuesday at 10pm EST. The new season promo is below. But first…
Check out a video they shot during their USO tour earlier this year! Watch. Share. Repeat. Enjoy.
More from the USO
Sep 21, 2016
Chris Pratt, Haley Bennett and Antoine Fuqua Treat Military Families to Advance USO Screening of 'The Magnificent Seven'
In celebration of their upcoming film actor Chris Pratt, actress Haley Bennett and director Antoine Fuqua visited Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst to treat hundreds of service members and their families to an afternoon of fun and an advance USO screening of "The Magnificent Seven."


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Mar 24, 2016
- Venue
Zouk17 Jiak Kim Street
Singapore 169420
- Ticket Price(Exclude booking fee)S$28.00 - S$33.00This event has passed
A national phenomenon and possibly the longest running party in Singapore's nightlife history, Mambo Jambo makes its much awaited return! An essential clubbing experience for virgin partygoers who have just turned 18, the Mambo Jambo revelry parades an extraordinary flamboyance with classic anthems on the playlist, and an enthusiastic crowd dancing in perfect synchrony. They celebrate the past and present of the party series, enjoy beautiful memories and anticipate the new ones to be made! And while at it, they also invite the old friends back to make merry with them on this joyous occasion, while celebrating the many years of Zouk as a mecca of dance and an institution of music.


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Why Liepaja?
The municipality of Liepaja and the government of Latvia wish to highlight the opportunities and benefits to foreign companies of being located in the city of Liepaja. The most developed sectors in the city are Transport and Logistics, Metalworking and Machinery, Textile, Creative Industries and the Spa, Wellness and Hospitality sector.
Cost savings were the initial driver for many overseas companies operating in Liepaja and Latvia. However, these companies have been able to successfully develop their operations in the country because of a combination of key factors:
Liepaja is the 3rd largest city in Latvia and 10th largest one in the Baltic States, located on a stretch of land between the Baltic Sea and the Liepāja Lake, which are connected by the Trade Canal. Read more
Liepaja has very favourable environment for business and living. Main advantages of the city are:
Supportive business environment
You are welcome to dive into the atmosphere of Liepāja by enjoying its interactive full screen 360° panoramas available in our photo galleries!


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Column first appeared in the Wall Street Journal
By Gary W. Loveman
Chairman, President & CEO, Caesars Entertainment Corp.
Chair, Business Roundtable Health and Retirement Committee.
The fiscal cliff has been averted, preventing immediate economic calamity. But for long-term economic growth, we must get serious about entitlement reform and government spending.
In December, I joined more than 170 CEOs of America's leading companies to call upon President Obama and Congress to demonstrate principled compromise and put America on a path toward fiscal stability by increasing revenue, modernizing entitlement programs, and reducing overall spending.
They acted on the first part by increasing revenue. But they delayed action on spending reforms that are essential if we are to address our nation's deficits and debt.
The math on debt is clear: Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security consume 42% of the federal budget and are projected to account for half of the budget by 2020. Addressing debt and deficits means tackling the projected spending growth without undermining the retirement security that Americans rely on.
The good news is that Americans are living longer, healthier lives. Yet Gene Steuerle of the Urban Institute notes that current policy is leading to a future where one-third of Americans will be retired and will spend one-third of their lives in retirement. Nobody anticipated this development. Medicare and Social Security, as currently structured, cannot deliver on their ever-increasing promises to future retirees.
CEOs have incomes and retirement plans that will stand us in good stead in the future. But many Americans depend on Medicare and Social Security programs for a dignified retirement. Failure to adjust them now to address demographic realities puts the important safety net of these programs at risk.
As America's CEOs call upon our elected leaders to agree to structural entitlement reforms, we also offer our help in the form of recommendations for gradual changes that would stabilize and improve Medicare and protect Social Security for current retirees and for future generations.
- The basic eligibility age for Medicare and Social Security should be gradually increased. Acting now means we can avoid drastic and abrupt changes in the future.
- Medicare beneficiaries should be allowed access to expanded private health-care options within Medicare that will encourage competition on quality and cost while reducing fraud and wasteful spending.
- Medicare and Social Security benefits should better target those most in need. This would include means-testing eligibility for high-income individuals and providing a new minimum Social Security benefit that ensures that career workers will receive benefits that keep them out of poverty.
- About one in four state and local government workers is exempt from Social Security payroll taxes. Congress and the White House should eliminate that special exemption for all new state and local government workers (as was done for federal workers after 1983).
- Congress and the White House should fix the technical problems with the Consumer Price Index methodology by moving to a chained price index that better accounts for consumer responses to price changes and more accurately reflects what consumers actually pay. The short-term impact on Social Security benefits would be small, but over many decades the more accurate measure of inflation would dramatically improve the program's finances.
Even though most of these modernization initiatives would be phased in gradually, the immediate benefits would be enormous. First, they would put Medicare and Social Security on the sound financial footing needed to provide a sustainable retirement safety net. This would represent a major step forward in reducing the growth of government spending.
Most important, spending reforms that begin to address America's unsustainable budget deficits would send a signal to U.S. consumers, business owners and the world that our political system can make the tough decisions. The result? New investment that spurs economic growth and creates jobs.
Keeping the U.S. economy from careening over the fiscal cliff was a first step, but our elected leaders must not stop there. Although economic recovery has been stalled, renewed expansion is possible if conditions are set in a comprehensive budget agreement that includes entitlement reform and long-term changes to reduce deficits. In this way will we ensure the viability of the health and retirement safety net for future generations of Americans.
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In 2016, Business Roundtable will focus its efforts on greater job expansion and economic growth – national priorities that are inextricably linked. Informing our plan is our collective business experience as CEOs of America's leading companies, experience that tells us what it takes to build momentum for the United States in in 2016 and beyond.
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Steve Tamwrote a review of Race Face Turbine Stem on May 5, 2016
Light, Strong, and Downright Good Lookin
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
The Race Face Turbine Stem is a stellar option for a stem. It's sleek, strong (no twisting when cranking on the bars out of the saddle), and downright good looking! I've been a Thomson stem user for over a decade but they did not offer the size I needed so I went with the Race Face. Very happy with this stem.


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College information Portal
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I need an information portal which will have city wise all engineering colleges information for students.
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Jordan Doneskey, Former P.V. Teacher, Going to Prison for Sex With a Student
The price of having sex with a 17-year-old student is a 3 1/2-year prison sentence for former Paradise Valley High School teacher Jordan Doneskey.
As part of a plea agreement, Doneskey will spend the rest of his life on probation, will have to register as a sex offender, and agreed to forfeit his teaching certificate.
See also:
-Jordan Doneskey, Former Paradise Valley Teacher, Pleads Guilty in Student-Sex Case
-Paradise Valley Teacher Accused of Sexing Up Student With Mom's Approval
Compared to other Valley teachers caught up in sex-with-students scandals, Doneskey got a pretty tough sentence.
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Almost a year ago, former Phoenix teacher's aide Gabriela Compton was sentenced to probation for having sex with a middle-school kid in addition to groping another kid and sending nude pictures to a couple boys, who, naturally, passed them around school.
In Doneskey's case, police were tipped off to his relationship last year, and the 17-year-old girl told investigators about several instances of sexual contact between her and Doneskey -- who was 26 at the time of his arrest.
Then police informed the girl's mother, which seemingly would've been horrifying for a mother, but she told police she knew all about it, according to the documents.
The girl's mother -- who police said had "an extensive employment history in the field of child protection" -- told the cops she actually "allowed" her daughter to have sex with Doneskey in her home, court documents said. She was still employed as a social worker at the time of her arrest.
Doneskey admitted that he had sex with the girl "approximately" five times, according to the documents, and was still one of the girl's teachers this school year, which also was the case during the previous two years.
Doneskey faced five counts of sexual conduct with a minor, but the plea agreement included three lesser charges.
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The North Face NFZ Pants are just about all you'll need in extreme conditions. With fully-sealed seams and strategic insulation - more at the top and less at the bottom for minimal bulk - along with GORE-TEX® 2L fabric, we expect that you won't have any complaints in deep pow. A nylon honeycomb taffeta keeps you comfortable and breathable when things start to heat up, and inner thigh vents make dumping heat super easy. A cargo pocket with Loft Lift System and a phone pocket make things easily accessible and reinforced cuffs, along with gaiters, keep snow out. For adventures both extreme and not, you can be sure you'll stay warm and dry in The North Face NFZ Pants.
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- Latest available (Revised)
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Allotments Act 1922, Section 3 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 28 September 2016. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.
Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Changes and effects are recorded by our editorial team in lists which can be found in the 'Changes to Legislation' area. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Use the 'more' link to open the changes and effects relevant to the provision you are viewing.
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(1)The foregoing provisions of this Act as to determination of tenancies of allotment gardens and compensation to a tenant on quitting the same shall not apply to any parcel of land attached to a cottage.
(2)In the case of any allotment within the meaning of this section (not being an allotment garden), the tenant shall, on the termination of his tenancy by effluxion of time, or from any other cause, be entitled, notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary, to obtain from the landlord compensation for the following matters:—
(a)For crops, including fruit, growing upon the land in the ordinary course of cultivation and for labour expended upon and manure applied to the land; and
(b)For fruit trees or bushes provided and planted by the tenant with the previous consent in writing of the landlord, and for drains, outbuildings, pigsties, fowl-houses, or other structural improvements made or erected by and at the expense of the tenant on the land with such consent.
(3)Any sum due to the landlord from the tenant in respect of rent or of any breach of the contract of tenancy under which the land is held, or wilful or negligent damage committed or permitted by the tenant, shall be taken into account in reduction of the compensation.
(4)The amount of the compensation shall, in default of agreement, be determined and recovered in the same manner as compensation is, under this Act, to be determined and recovered in the case of an allotment garden.
(5)The [F1Agricultural Holdings Act 1986], shall, in the case of an allotment within the meaning of this section [F1which is an agricultural holding within the meaning of that Act], have effect as if the provisions of this section as to the determination and recovery of compensation were substituted for the provisions of [F1that Act] as to the determination and recovery of compensation, and a claim for compensation for any matter or thing for which a claim for compensation can be made under this section, may be made either under [F1that Act] or under this section, but not under both.
(7)In this section the expression "allotment" means any parcel of land, whether attached to a cottage or not, of not more than two acres in extent, held by a tenant under a landlord [F3otherwise than under a farm business tenancy (within the meaning of the Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995)]and cultivated as a farm or a garden, or partly as a garden and partly as a farm.
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Amendments (Textual)
F1Words substituted Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 (c. 5, SIF 2:3), ss. 99, 100, Sch. 13 para. 3, Sch. 14 para. 9
F2S. 3(6) repealed (5.11.1993) by 1993 c. 50, s. 1(1), Sch. 1 Pt. III
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 3 applied by Opencast Coal Act 1958 (c. 69), s. 41, Sch. 8 para. 3(2)(3)
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text: You can call me Edith (weizenwind) wrote in vegancooking, 2009-10-05 18:15:00 You can call me Edith weizenwind vegancooking 2009-10-05 18:15:00 Previous Share Next How to get bugs off produce? I just harvested a bunch of kale out of a shared community garden. Unfortunately, it's been hit pretty hard by aphids or something like them. What's the best way to remove them from the kale before cooking? Tags: -kitchen-pests, techniques-vegetables, vegetables-kale Post a new comment Error Anonymous comments are disabled in this journal We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post We will log you in after post Anonymously switch LiveJournal Facebook Twitter OpenId Google MailRu VKontakte Anonymously default userpic Insert Bold Insert Italic Insert Underline Insert Strikethrough Insert Link Insert LJ User Insert Photo Insert Media Your IP address will be recorded Post a new comment Preview comment Help 13 comments Post a new comment 13 comments lexically wrote in vegancooking: ←Fullness! relax wrote in vegancooking: →thanksgiving


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12 Comments
Nice. Not my taste, but nice+1
BeeryMethod Artist from United States
nice characters. the arm is a little odd. if you were to rework it lose the arm and add more creeps! good stuff
BenjaminPhantom Artist from Florida, United States
Cool style! =1
Thanks for the votes, guys. I'll keep that advice in mind.
lovely! +1
Hell, we do! Voted //
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Dead Space 2
(PC, PS3, Xbox 360 )
Big budget thrills in this improved second outingBy Zsolt Pardi Score:
Mar 21, 2011 10:57AM PST
Dead Space 2
Visceral Games re-launches the Dead Space franchise as Isaac Clarke returns to battle the Necromorph scourge, but can the second outing top the frightening success of the first?
The original Dead Space was somewhat of a surprise hit so the level of expectation for the sequel is high, and thankfully Visceral Games manages to deliver on almost all accounts. The story picks up three years after the conclusion of the first game and our old friends the Necromorphs are at it again, terrorizing space stations, infecting the populace and not cleaning up after themselves. Dependable chap Isaac Clarke wakes from a coma and finds himself in straitjacket, having to scramble to survive as everything around him suddenly turns to hell. You see, Isaac has been captured and taken to Saturn's moon 'Titan', where by extracting the memories from his mind EarthGov has built another Marker - the source of the Necromorph infestation - which naturally leads to no good. Isaac has to survive the heart pounding opening chapter, where you flee from all kinds of nasty critters while locked in your straitjacket, an interestingly fresh gaming experience for sure. Eventually you regain your weapons and trademark armor but this excellent opening sequence sets the tone for the rest of the game. Throughout your exploration of the overrun space station you have to link up with a brand spanking new cast of survivors, including feisty Ellie and a slightly unhinged serial killer called Nolan. There are 14 chapters to play through, and you'll be slightly disappointed to know that the game is a bit on the short side, you'll be hard pressed to go over the 10 hour mark on your first playthrough. On the bright side, the ramped up higher difficulties provide a decent challenge, and includes a heart-pounding Hardcore mode that handicaps you with minimal ammo and health - not to mention limiting you to 3 saves the entire game. On top of this there are unlockable armor sets which give the game a decent, if not a meaty amount of replay value.
The overall presentation is excellent. This is easily the scariest game since...well, since Dead Space. The graphics are top notch, and the animations are fluidly captured. The infamous 'death scenes' are back, with the addition of a few new ones as well courtesy of the host of new baddies to contend with, including exploding babies and a bull-like critter that enjoys laying ambushes, ramming you headfirst, and long walks on the beach. The atmospheric sound effects have a creepy quality to them and the rattling of pipes and ghostly voices whispering will have you on the edge of your seat. Isaac also gets a few new toys to play with, like the Javelin gun which can be charged with electricity to impale baddies with. Old favorites like the trusty Ripper are back, and I felt myself relying on them more so than the new weapons, although the game allows you great freedom in choosing ways to dismember necromorphs. Low on ammo? Pick up a nearby rod and drive it through a critter's leg. Outnumbered? Use a detonator to blow those creepy undead children away. A prevalent theme throughout the game is the acceptance of death, as evidenced by Isaac's struggle with his dementia. During the course of your adventure you are occasionally presented with hallucinations not unlike the ones seen in the F.E.A.R. games, and although they are certainly cool looking they felt a bit clichéd, and didn't really add to the suspense. Far more effective are the periods of unsettling silence, most noticeable during a stint midway through the game where you revisit Isaac's old stomping grounds. The hordes of necromorphs are replaced by ghostly whispers as you trudge through the derelict hallways , with only the occasional panic-filled audio log to keep you company, as your trigger finger itches for the moment when you just know they're going to crash through a ventilation shaft. It's a truly standout sequence.
Unlike the original Dead Space's well documented control troubles on the PC, the sequel is far more polished and it's good to see that the development team have learned from their mistakes and corrected them. The controls are fantastic and although I'm not a fan of the camera view, it's effective in what it does. Chopping up Necromorphs has never been easier, and with the addition of a few nifty functions like an ability to auto-orient yourself to the ground during the zero-gravity sequences I was very pleased with the overall control scheme. There are a few interludes with puzzles thrown in amongst the carnage, and they are quick and easy enough not to distract from the suspense at hand. The navpoint functionality makes a return, further ensuring that you never get lost and take a wrong turn. Having said that, the game does an amicable job of not funneling you down a linear path, as exploring little side rooms and nooks provide bonus loot like power nodes, which can then be spent on upgrading your gear at a nearby shop terminal.
Special mention must go to the scripted sequences which are absolutely out of this world. One involves a subway set-piece that will have you holding your breath, and another lets you rocket through space, dodging flying debris. These unbelievably neat bits sprinkled amidst the gory action are great fun to play through, even if it can be argued that they involve the overly simplistic method of mashing your action button to complete them. The minibosses are engaging although not as heart-pounding as the original Dead Space bosses, perhaps because we've seen it all before. I would have liked to see a little more creativity here on the part of the development team, as there is real potential wasted. Without giving too much away the penultimate boss uses pretty much the same mechanics as an older boss in Dead Space , as it chases you across the level while constantly regenerating. I also found the final boss sequence a tremendously repetitive and disappointing way to wrap up an otherwise great adventure.
All in all, Dead Space 2 manages to improve on the original whilst retaining a great sense of atmospheric suspense. It's clear that the development team understand the art of creating horror, and with the exception of a few unoriginal moments lacking in inspiration it's well worth the bang for your buck - especially if you're a horror or action buff. If you believe the advertising campaign, your mom will probably hate this game, but you should tell her to play it anyway because Dead Space 2 is so well executed that it should be experienced by everyone - moms included.
See all Dead Space 2 Reviews >


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You're not going to find a better selection of skateboards in Northern New England. Talent Skatepark and Shop has Vermonts largest selection of skateboard decks in stock to choose from. We sell all the top brands like Girl, Chocolate, Enjoi, Creature, Sk8 Mafia, DGK, Anti Hero, Real, and Many More.
In addition to decks we have a huge selection of skateboard trucks (like Independent, Thunder, Tensor, and Venture) and wheels (Bones, Spitfire and Pig). If you are in Burlington and need a skateboard, Talent Skatepark is the place to go.
Just looking for a skateboard to cruise around on? That's cool, We have a huge selection of longboards too.
We don't sell online, but if you give us a call (802-864-2069) or send us an email (firstname.lastname@example.com), we can take a credit card over the phone and ship stuff to you.
Talent Skatepark and Shop
2069 Williston RD
South Burlington, VT 05403
Phone: (802) 864-2069
Monday 2-6
Tuesday-Friday 2-8
Saturday 10-6
Sunday Noon to 6
Saturdays 10-11, Sundays 11-12
by reservation.
To Find out when YOU can skate, check the schedule page.
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