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Civil Tort Actions Filed by Victims of Sexual Assault: Promise and Perils
Ellen Bublick With contributions from Jessica Mindlin
In some ways, tort actions filed by victims of sexual assault as a means of redress are nothing new. These actions have been available to rape victims since at least the early 1900s (Bublick, 1999). In other ways, these legal claims are quite recent. Contemporary sexual assault victims and survivors bring tort actions far more frequently than did victims in previous decades. In addition, contemporary victims can file a wider array of tort causes of action and can seek redress from a wider range of actors than their earlier peers were able to (Bublick, 2006).
This paper offers an overview of trends and outcomes for victims in civil tort cases, which are sometimes referred to as personal injury cases. The paper also discusses benefits and drawbacks of tort litigation for sexual assault survivors. While some of the concerns in the tort process mirror challenges victims confront in criminal prosecution, others are exclusive to tort suits.
It is important to note that while a contrast is sometimes drawn between civil and criminal actions, the category of civil actions that victims can pursue is quite broad. Rape and sexual assault survivors pursue civil remedies in the housing, education, employment, immigration, public benefits and family law arenas. For example, in family law, survivors pursue civil cases involving child custody, paternity, and visitation issues. Parental rights and visitation issues arise in both intimate and non-intimate partner sexual assault cases. Only a minority of states have laws that address a rape victim's rights when rape results in pregnancy. In terms of education, survivors may file civil suit for an educational accommodation under federal laws such as Title IX, No Child Left Behind, or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. State anti-discrimination and other laws may also provide protections and remedies for sexual assault victims. An increasing number of cities and states have established civil rights actions for sexual assault survivors in the employment, housing and public benefits context. Under some state and local statutes landlords are required to allow a victim to break a lease without penalty, employers are legally obligated to grant a victim unpaid leave from work, and unemployment insurance benefits are guaranteed to a victim who leaves a job due to sexual assault. In cases involving child sexual abuse, appointment of a guardian ad litem (a guardian appointed to represent the interest of the child in a legal action) may also be involved (Mindlin & Vickers, 2007).
This paper discusses none of these civil actions. It focuses on a particular type of civil action that can be brought by victims of sexual assaultótort actions. (For a comprehensive discussion of civil non-tort remedies for sexual assault victims see Mindlin & Vickers, 2007). Tort actions seek financial compensation for wrongs that have caused injury to the plaintiff, the person bringing the suit. These wrongs may include intended harms, as in the case of a perpetrator who touches a victim in a harmful or offensive way against her wishes (in legal terms this is called a battery). The wrongs may also include negligent harms, as when a person or entity fails to use reasonable care for the victim's safety. In this latter category of cases, a negligent harm might include cases in which an employer fails to conduct a background check or to adequately investigate prior complaints of sexual harassment or assault. Claims of intentional or negligent harm can be pursued by both adult and child victims of sexual assault.
Tort Actions
Rape and sexual assault victims are filing increasing numbers of tort claims. A recent study analyzing the prevalence of tort cases filed by victims of rape and other sexual assaults is instructive. The study compared state supreme court decisions issued between the years 2000-2005 with court decisions from just thirty years earlier, 1970-1975. The study found that over this thirty year time frame, reported state supreme court decisions in sexual assault cases rose by more than 1000% percent (Bublick, 2006). This exponential increase in the number of high court decisions on sexual assault held sway even though there was a general decline in the overall number of state supreme court decisions published during the time period. The increase in intermediate appellate court decisions in sexual assault related torts cases during the same thirty year period was equally, if not more, dramatic (Bublick, 2006).
Of course, decisions issued by appellate-level courts reflect only a fraction of the cases that courts adjudicate, and an even smaller fraction of the claims that are initiated. Although there are no reliable estimates of the number of tort cases filed by sexual assault victims in the trial courts, extrapolating from the cases resolved at the appellate court level suggests the frequency of lower court filings. In civil cases as a whole, only 3% of all civil claims proceed to a lower court judgment and a full 97% of all cases settle before trial. Even when a claim is tried, most cases are never appealed (Hans & Albertson, 2003). If these general observations of the civil system hold true for cases filed by sexual assault victims, the dramatically increased state appellate court opinions suggest that the number of tort cases currently being filed by sexual assault victims in U.S. trial courts is likely to be in the thousands.
This increase in the number of tort actions filed by victims of sexual assault is matched by an expanded range in the types of tort actions available to victims. Before the 1960s, sexual assault victims' tort suits were focused on the perpetrator's individual liability. Cases alleging responsibility of a party beyond the perpetrator were almost always unsuccessful (Bublick, 2006). However, recent case law recognizes much broader responsibility for the use of reasonable care to prevent foreseeable sexual assault. As a result, most current actions filed by sexual assault victims name at least one other party besides the perpetrator as a defendant at fault (Bublick, 2006). For example, a nursing home or care facility may be sued for negligent hiring or negligent supervision and can be held at fault for hiring and retaining an employee with a history of criminal or sexual misconduct to care for a vulnerable patient (Kodiak Island Borough, 2003; Regions Bank & Trust v. Stone county Skilled Nursing Facility, 2001). Similarly, a cable company may be at fault for failing to heed a complaint that an employee who regularly enters customers' homes abused a customer during a previous home visit (Saine v. Comcast Cablevision of Arkansa, Inc., 2003).
Tort Actions Against the Perpetrator
Some wrongs, such as rape, may be crimes and also form the basis of a tort action. The defendant who made unconsented to contact with the plaintiff may be prosecuted criminally and also be held liable to the plaintiff for the tort. Perhaps more importantly, a defendant may be held liable in tort even if he was not criminally prosecuted or if a criminal prosecution was unsuccessful (Bublick, 2006). For example, in one South Dakota Supreme Court case, a woman alleged that she had been raped by her doctor while the doctor was ostensibly performing a pelvic exam. Although three other women came forward with similar claims, a jury acquitted the doctor on all criminal charges. In a subsequent tort action against the doctor, each victim was awarded $450,000 in damages (St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance v. Engelmann, 2002). At times, the difference in outcomes can be explained by differences between the standards of proof in criminal and civil cases. Criminal cases require ""proof beyond a reasonable doubt"" while civil cases require only a ""preponderance of the evidence."" Also, the process of ""discovery"" or exchange of information is different in criminal versus civil cases. In criminal cases, the prosecution must disclose exculpatory information to the defense, but the defense has no obligation to respond in kind. In civil cases, both parties must disclose relevant information or face court sanctions (Bublick, 2006). The defendant-heavy protections that apply in criminal cases to protect those facing government prosecution and punishment do not apply in the civil law where jail is not a possible penalty.
In most tort actions, suits against the perpetrator are filed along with suits against other parties. In a significant number of the 2000-2005 appellate court decisions in cases filed by sexual assault victims, the victim settled with the perpetrator before trial and proceeded with litigation only against the other party (Bublick, 2006).
Tort Actions Seeking a Remedy from Third Parties
Sexual assault victims can also bring tort actions against people other than the perpetrators; these defendants are known as third parties. Litigation against third parties concerns the responsibilities of those actors who fail to use reasonable care to protect against foreseeable sexual assault. Third party defendants can include businesses, landlords, school administrators, bus drivers, placement agencies, Boy Scout leaders, foster parents, religious institutions, hospitals and treatment centers, among others (Bublick, 2006). Any individual or institution may be named as a third party, unless the party is immune from suit. For example, if a case involves a state actor, governmental immunity may bar a victim from collecting damages from the state. Although each tort case involves particular legal rules, in almost all cases the victim must show that the third party itself committed some wrongful act and that, but-for the third party's wrongful act, the plaintiff would not have been victimized. Often, the wrongful act alleged by a third party is a failure to take some kind of reasonable security precaution. The failed security precaution at issue can involve discrete problems such as a broken door lock, or invoke broader policy questions such as in a case about whether the defendant failed to appropriately train staff, parents or children to recognize and properly react to signs of sexual abuse (Bublick, 2006)
Therapeutic Consequences of Tort Actions
Unfortunately, there have not been any U.S. studies of the therapeutic consequences of tort claims filed by sexual assault victims. Canada has also experienced a surge in civil claims for damages by victims of sexual abuse. One Canadian study describes the therapeutic consequences of both tort and other civil claims (Felthusen, Hankivsky, & Greaves, 2000). According to the Canadian research, although victim claims were for monetary damages, the majority of claimants identified therapeutic, rather than monetary, motivations for filing them. Accordingly, victims measure their success or failure in therapeutic terms (Felthusen, et al., 2000).
However, there was not a unitary view about the success or failure of Canadian civil actions in therapeutic terms. Both therapeutic and anti-therapeutic outcomes of the cases were chronicled. The range of victim experiences was quite wide. For example, 27% of civil claimants would recommend pursuing a suit for civil damages to others. Conversely, 18% of the victims surveyed reported that, if they could go back and decide whether or not to file the claim again, they would decline to do so. Thirty five percent of claimants reported that the process gave them a more positive outlook. However, 84% of the victims reported some negative emotional consequences including a sense of loss of control over the process, mental anguish, depression, suicidal tendencies, frustration, anger, and a feeling that the system was not dealing with them in a responsive or personal manner (Felthusen, et al., 2000).
Given the similarity of Canadian and U.S. civil suits, particularly the adversarial nature of the proceedings, there is reason to believe that the positive and negative therapeutic consequences of civil cases in the Canadian system provide a helpful guide to understanding the potential consequences that can be expected from the U.S. system. For example, victims cite delay and adversarial cross-examination by the other party's attorney as source of negative emotional consequences (Felthusen, et al., 2000). The experience of delay and adversarial cross-examination and the corresponding negative consequences that result from them for victims are also likely to occur in the U.S. system. In terms of positive consequences, victims felt well represented by their lawyers, achieved satisfactory financial compensation, and found that litigation provided a feeling of closure. While these consequences might be expected in a survey of sexual assault survivors in the United States, given differences in the substantive and procedural law of Canada and the United States, further research is needed on the therapeutic consequences for victims who pursue tort actions in the United States.
Potential Benefits of a Tort Action
Potential benefits to victims of tort actions are numerous. The victim, as a plaintiff in a civil action, controls many important decisions in the litigation including whether to file a case, proceed with it, settle the case or pursue further action. In short, the victim gets to direct the course of the litigation (within the confines of the law). This is in stark contrast with criminal law, in which the state is the party in interest and the prosecutor represents the state or commonwealth; the victim is a mere witness in the state's case, subject to a subpoena or at times even contempt for failure to appear.
In terms of procedure, civil actions require the plaintiff to meet a lower burden of proof, preponderance of the evidence, rather than the proof beyond a reasonable doubt standard of criminal law (Manley, 1990). Moreover, because the defendant does not risk incarceration, procedural protections such as the right to legal counsel and the right to refuse to testify without adverse consequences do not exist in the tort context. In a civil suit, the plaintiff is entitled to depose the defendant and ask him questions under oath. This may be empowering or otherwise healing for a victim.
In terms of the substantive law (versus the procedural components of the suit), a benefit of tort actions is that there is no tort of rape or sexual assault. This does not mean that a sexual assault victim has no claim. To the contrary, it means that the claim is filed under more general standards. For example, victims can sue perpetrators for causes of action which may include:
- battery
- assault
- false imprisonment
- outrage
- seduction
- violation of section 1983 (a federal civil rights statute that guards against deprivation of federal rights by state actors)
- intentional infliction of emotional distress
- invasion of privacy; and
- negligent infliction of emotional distress
Unlike criminal laws, which are narrowly written and rigidly applied, tort law is more fluid. Victims do not need to meet specific requirements about exactly which part of the defendant's body touched which part of the plaintiff's body to establish a cause of action. In battery, for example, a plaintiff need only establish that she was harmed or offended by defendant's contact and that the defendant intended the contact and possible harm or offense. This can be shown by the defendant's knowledge that the victim did not consent to the contact (Bublick, 2006). Elements like penetration and force are no part of the cause of action for tort cases.
Suits seeking compensation can yield both monetary and non-monetary benefits for the victim. A successful lawsuit would result in a financial judgment for the victim, as would a successful settlement of the case. However, a settlement could also include other terms agreed to by the parties such as an apology, the assailant's agreement to transfer jobs, housing or educational institutions, or a financial contribution by the defendant to an organization the victim chooses (Seidman & Vickers, 2005). Some victims may want to file suit even if a defendant has no money; securing a judgment that the defendant wronged the victim may be validating and healing in and of itself. As a practical matter, however, it can be difficult and expensive to pursue such a suit.
In addition to financial compensation, suits against third parties can also provide opportunities for a victim to negotiate a settlement that provides redress and also serves as a deterrent to prevent future harms. Examples of such settlement terms might include revised hiring policies and procedures, discontinuing alcohol-focused company events, or an employer agreeing to train all personnel on sexual assault related issues (such as intoxication and victim safety).
Some defendants are more concerned about a criminal conviction (and the attendant consequences such as jail or prison time, sex offender registration, firearm restrictions, and so forth) than they are about civil settlement. As a result, they may be more willing to admit wrongdoing in a civil suit for monetary and non-monetary damages. At times victims themselves may feel more comfortable filing civil rather than criminal actions, particularly when the victim does not want the perpetrator to go to prison, but does want to negotiate for other remedies like sex offender treatment and counseling.
Potential Concerns about Tort Actions
Although it is true that tort cases involve a lower burden of proof for the plaintiff, it is important for victims and their advocates to understand that the civil law is not simply a weakened or lesser version of the criminal law. Tort actions can present familiar and unfamiliar problems for the plaintiff (Bublick, 1999).
In procedural terms, a tort action can take five or more years to complete at the trial court level alone. This delay and the resultant long-term interaction with the defendant can be emotionally difficult for victims, impeding the healing process and forcing them to relive the memory and keep the details of the assault fresh in their mind (Shuman, 1993). (It is important to note, however, that non-tort civil remedies such as workplace, housing or educational accommodations may be implemented more speedily). Moreover, because discovery in civil actions is very broad, the defendant may be entitled to discover all sorts of personal information about private facets of the victim's life, including her sexual relationships (Bublick, 2006).
Another important practical hurdle is victims' access to legal representation. Private attorneys represent many victims but they are most interested in helping plaintiffs who will be sympathetic to juries and thus more likely to prevail. Attorneys may be concerned about taking cases in which the victim used drugs or alcohol, was raped by an acquaintance, or did not suffer damages in ways that were immediately visible to others after the attack (Kuniholm, 2006). Even if an attorney believes that the victim can prevail, other factors may limit access to representation. Lawyers who represent victims on a contingent fee basis typically only accept cases where there is a good likelihood of financial recovery. If a suit does not promise significant financial recovery, it can be difficult to pursue a suit even if it promises vindication for the victim. A civil lawsuit is very expensive for a victim who has to bear the full cost of litigation.
The challenges of access to legal representation are compounded for poor and low income victims. Representation by legal aid programs (which have done an admirable job advocating for victims in the domestic violence arena) is virtually unavailable for most sexual assault victims. Federal restrictions prohibit legal aid programs from litigating most tort cases. Although these programs are allowed to represent sexual assault victims with respect to other civil legal remedies, only a handful of legal aid offices screen for or prioritize services to victims of non-intimate partner sexual assault, who comprise the majority of sexual assault victims. Civil lawyers funded by Legal Assistance to Victim grants awarded by the Office on Violence Against Women face similar restrictions on tort representation (Kanter, 2005).
In terms of the substantive legal rules for recovery, tort actions pose difficulty for victims on familiar issues like consent. However, some hurdles are unique to tort actions. For example, many jurisdictions now have comparative responsibility systems which ask juries to compare the responsibility of the perpetrator, any third parties and the victim. In these jurisdictions, a jury might assign 92% of the responsibility for the attack to the rapist, 3% of the responsibility for the attack to the third party and 5% of the responsibility to the victim herself (Ozaki v. Association of Apartment Owners, 1998). In other jurisdictions, the victim can be assigned a percentage of fault only with respect to third parties and not the perpetrator. In both types of jurisdictions, the legal rules permit juries to assign victims percentages of the responsibility for the attack. The rules have sparked occasional public uproar, as in a recent case in which the Stamford Marriott alleged the fault of a victim who was raped in her car in a parking lot in front of her two young children (Marriott Hotel, 2009). However, this public outcry has yet to change, in legislatures or in courts, the actual legal doctrines employed in these cases. In many cases juries have assigned victims large shares of responsibility for the attack, even in the case of child plaintiffs (Beul v. ASSE Intern., Inc., 2000) (16 year old German girl was assigned 41% of responsibility for harm from statutory rape by father of the host family). Victim or plaintiff ""no-duty"" rules have been proposed as a method to prevent judgments that blame the victim (Bublick, 1999). However, this idea is just beginning to be considered by and adopted in tort cases. (Christensen v. Royal School Dist. No. 160, 2005, p. 288) (""we hold that as a policy matter children do not have a duty to protect themselves from sexual abuse"").
In courts that ask juries to assign victims percentages of responsibility for the attacks committed against them, therapeutic consequences to the victim of an assignment of fault must be considered. Attributing blame to victims for their own assaults could well contribute to post traumatic stress disorder (Koss & Figueredo, 2004). Another concern of comparing the responsibility of all parties is that if large percentages of responsibility are assigned to the perpetrator, third-parties who are also at fault in the attacks will be assigned only a small share of the damages, even if the perpetrator cannot pay his share. As a result, the victim is left uncompensated.
A number of other defenses raise frequent issues. For instance, tort statutes of limitations are particularly short for intentional torts and present issues for victims who do not file actions quickly. (For a list of tort statutes by state, see http://www.statutes-of-limitations.com).
Issues about insurance coverage also frequently arise in tort cases. Victims typically cannot seek insurance coverage in actions against a perpetrator for sexual assault because insurance policies generally do not cover intended harms. However, insurance coverage is available in some actions against third parties (Bublick, 2006).
Issues of privacy and confidentiality are frequent concerns for sexual assault victims (Seidman & Vickers, 2005). Victims report that they are more concerned about others finding out about the assault than they are about getting pregnant or a sexually transmitted infection (National Center for Victims of Crime, 1992). The tort law presents many challenges in the area of privacy from the range of discovery permitted regarding the plaintiff's activities, to possible disputes over the availability of pseudonymous filing, to judicial decisions that can make public certain facts of the case.
Finally, the filing of a tort case prior to a criminal action may compromise the success of an existing criminal case against the perpetrator. Although tort compensation is analogous to restitution in a criminal proceeding, defense attorneys and media may use the existence of the tort suit to undermine the victim's credibility by portraying her as a person seeking financial gain from her accusations (Lininger, 2008).
An increasing number of victims are seeking tort remedies for sexual assault. To bolster this trend and ensure positive outcomes for victims, lawyers and advocates must not only track substantive litigation outcomes in terms of cases won and dollars collected, but must also confer with victims who have pursued these actions and assess the outcomes in terms of the victims' overall well-being. At the same time, it is important for victims, as well as lawyers and advocates, to remember that many remedies and accommodations are available to sexual assault survivors, including other civil causes of action that do not fall under tort claims (Mindlin & Vickers, 2007).
Ellen M. Bublick, J.D.
Dan B. Dobbs Professor of Law
University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law
1201 E. Speedway Blvd.
Tucson, AZ 85721-0176
Jessica Mindlin, J.D.
National Director of Training and Technical Assistance
Victim Rights Law Center, Portland Office
520 SW Yamhill, Suite 200
Portland, OR 97204
Distribution Rights: This Applied Research paper and In Brief may be reprinted in its entirety or excerpted with proper acknowledgement to the author(s) and VAWnet (www.vawnet.org), but may not be altered or sold for profit.
Suggested Citation: Bublick, E. (2009, September). Civil Tort Actions Filed by Victims of Sexual Assault: Promise and Perils. Harrisburg, PA: VAWnet, a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence/Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Retrieved month/day/year, from: http://www.vawnet.org
Beul v. ASSE Intern., Inc., 233 F.3d 441 (7th Cir. 2000).
Bublick, E.M. (2006). Tort Suits Filed By Rape and Sexual Assault Victims in Civil Courts: Lessons for Courts, Classrooms and Constituencies, Southern Methodist University Law Review, 59, 55-122. Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=883671
Bublick, E. M. (1999). Citizen No-Duty Rules: Rape Victims and Comparative Fault. Columbia Law Review, 99, 1413-1490.
Christensen v. Royal School Dist. No. 160, 124 P.3d 283, 288 (Wash. 2005).
Felthusen, B., Hankivsky, O., & Greaves, L. (2000). Therapeutic Consequences of Civil Actions for Damages and Compensation Claims by Victims of Sexual Assault. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 12, 66-116.
Hans, V.P., & Albertson, S. (2003). Empirical Research and Civil Jury Reform. Notre Dame Law Review, 78, 1497-1524.
Kanter, L. (2005). Invisible Clients: Exploring Our Failure to Provide Civil Legal Services to Rape Victims. Suffolk University Law Review, 38, 253-290.
Kodiak Island Borough, 63 P.3d 1009, 1011 (Alaska 2003).
Koss, M.P., & Figueredo, A.J. (2004). Change in Cognitive Mediators of Rape's Impact on Psychosocial Health Across 2 Years of Recovery. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 1063-1072.
Kuniholm, E. F. (2006). Representing the Victim of Sexual Assault and Abuse: Special Considerations and Issues. 2 ATLA Annual Conference Reference Materials, 1889.
Lininger, T. (2008). Is It Wrong to Sue for Rape? Duke Law Journal, 57, 1557-1640.
Manley, H. (1990). Civil Compensation for the Victim of Rape. Cooley Law Review, 7, 193-211.
Marriot Hotel: Rape victim was careless, negligent. (2009, August 13). Huffington Post. Retrieved from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/13/rape-victim-was-careless-_n_258802.html
Mindlin, J., & Vickers, S. (Eds.). (2007). Beyond the Criminal Justice System: Using the Law to Help Restore the Lives of Sexual Assault Victims: A Practical Guide for Attorneys and Advocates. Victim Rights Law Center, Inc. Retrieved from: http://www.victimrights.org/html/manualpdf.htm
National Center for Victims of Crime. (1992). Rape in America: A Report to the Nation. Arlington, VA: Author.
Ozaki v. Association of Apartment Owners, 954 P.2d 652 (Haw. Ct. App), reversed in part on other grounds 954 P.2d 644 (Haw. 1998).
Regions Bank & Trust v. Stone county Skilled Nursing Facility, 49 S.W.3d 107, 112 (Ark. 2001).
Saine v. Comcast Cablevision of Arkansa, Inc. 126 S.W.3d 339 (Ark. 2003).
Seidman, I., & Vickers, S. (2005). The Second Wave: An Agenda for the Next Thirty Years of Rape Law Reform. Suffolk University Law Review, 38, 467-492.
Shuman, D. (1993). Making the World a Better Place Through Tort Law?: Through the Therapeutic Looking Glass. New York Law School Journal of Human Rights, 10, 739-758.
St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance v. Engelmann, 639 N.W.2d 192 (S.D. 2002).
* The production and dissemination of this publication was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number 5U1V/CE324010-05 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC, VAWnet, or the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence."
Distribution Rights
This Applied Research Paper and In Brief may be reprinted in its entirety or excerpted with proper acknowledgement to the author and VAWnet (www.vawnet.org), but may not be altered or sold for profit.


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Rules and Policies for Local Multipoint Distribution Service and for Fixed Satellite Services
OGC-98-53: Published: May 28, 1998. Publicly Released: May 28, 1998.
Additional Materials:
View Report (HTML)
- Full Report:
(202) 512-4800
Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) new rule on local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) and fixed satellite services. GAO noted that: (1) the rule would facilitate more effective use of the microwave radio spectrum by permitting the partitioning of a licensee's authorized geographic service area and disaggregation or assignment of discrete portions of the radio spectrum licensed to the geographic area or qualifying entity; (2) the rule would permit LMDS licensees to partition their service areas along any boundaries they choose so that they can quickly respond to consumer demands, as opposed to restricting the partitioning to geopolitical boundaries or county lines; (3) the rule would also permit the disaggregation of the licensed spectrum without limitation for the same reasons applied to the partitioning--to ensure that LMDS licensees are able to use their spectrum more efficiently; (4) in addition, the rule would permit combined partitioning and disaggregation; and (5) FCC complied with applicable requirements in promulgating the rule.
Sep 20, 2016
Highlights of a Forum:Data and Analytics Innovation: Emerging Opportunities and ChallengesGAO-16-659SP: Published: Sep 20, 2016. Publicly Released: Sep 20, 2016.
May 4, 2016
Statutory Copyright Licenses:Stakeholders' Views on a Phaseout of Licenses for Broadcast ProgrammingGAO-16-496: Published: May 4, 2016. Publicly Released: May 4, 2016.
Apr 27, 2016
Tribal Internet Access:Increased Federal Coordination and Performance Measurement NeededGAO-16-504T: Published: Apr 27, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 27, 2016.
Feb 3, 2016
Telecommunications:Additional Coordination and Performance Measurement Needed for High-Speed Internet Access Programs on Tribal LandsGAO-16-222: Published: Jan 29, 2016. Publicly Released: Feb 3, 2016.
Sep 18, 2015
Internet Management:Structured Evaluation Could Help Assess Proposed Transition of Key Domain Name and Other Technical FunctionsGAO-15-642: Published: Aug 19, 2015. Publicly Released: Sep 18, 2015.
Jun 2, 2015
Broadband:Intended Outcomes and Effectiveness of Efforts to Address Adoption Barriers Are UnclearGAO-15-473: Published: Jun 2, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 2, 2015.
Telecommunications:FCC Should Evaluate the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Lifeline ProgramGAO-15-638T: Published: Jun 2, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 2, 2015.
May 21, 2015
Telecommunications:Agencies Need Better Controls to Achieve Significant Savings on Mobile Devices and ServicesGAO-15-431: Published: May 21, 2015. Publicly Released: May 21, 2015.
May 15, 2015
Broadband Performance:Additional Actions Could Help FCC Evaluate Its Efforts to Inform ConsumersGAO-15-363: Published: Apr 17, 2015. Publicly Released: May 15, 2015.
May 8, 2015
Telecommunications Relay Service:FCC Should Strengthen Its Management of Program to Assist Persons with Hearing or Speech DisabilitiesGAO-15-409: Published: Apr 29, 2015. Publicly Released: May 8, 2015.
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h&m top, american apparel chiffon skirt, prada mary jane shoes
Floating VibesSeptember 26, 2010
h&m top, american apparel chiffon skirt, prada mary jane shoes
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thats an awesome ass top, d. where you working at?ReplyDelete
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Luv the top and the pairing of gold earrings matching the buttons! It's exactly what Gwen Stefani would sport and I adore her style ;)ReplyDelete
love love love! your hair is getting so long and it looks wonderful!
what church do you go to?
Loving the longer hair on you and the color.
That outfit is perfection! And I love the fact that you're a fashionable church going, God loving woman...you're a great role model for young girls.ReplyDelete
That outfit is stunning! Love it!ReplyDelete
I love the way you directly get to the point,inspiredReplyDelete
I love the way you directly get to the point,inspiredReplyDelete
lovely outfit!!!!ReplyDelete
Absolutely gorgeous Delmy. Gorgeous. Those Pradas are giving me life.ReplyDelete
beautiful outfit !ReplyDelete
shoes <333333ReplyDelete
I love this outfit!! The cropped top is gorgeous on you!
your tattoo on your shoulder is very cool.I love the way you directly get to the point,inspired.ReplyDelete
visiting your post and I'm afraid I'll become a woo girl, because your posts are high fashion and amazingReplyDelete
this outfit is sooo gorgeous! I love it its soo old school redone!! I also love your eyebrows! =)
you're absolutely stunning. i can't get over how beautiful you look in this post - love your style. xoxoReplyDelete


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White's Tire Service
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When it comes to taking care of your vehicle, there's nothing more important having a trusted, reliable mechanic you can count on to provide the repairs and maintenance services it needs. For drivers in the New Bern area, White's Tire Service has long been that reliable mechanic. For 65 years, our team of ASE-certified mechanics has been providing outstanding auto repair in New Bern, NC, and because we're a family-owned and operated local business, customer satisfaction is our highest priority. Whether you need a simple oil change, a new set of tires or a North Carolina state inspection, you'll always be able to count on our mechanics to provide friendly and outstanding service.
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Sophisticated and edgy pump from Jeffrey Campbell. Features smooth leather pointed toe with tonal, faux snakeskin textured body and ankle strap, with thin stiletto heel.
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Where did O-Sensei get his sword training?
View Single Post
Cliff Judge
Location: Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Join Date: Sep 2005
Posts: 1,267
Re: Where did O-Sensei get his sword training?
Graham Christian
I also feel I understand Ueshibas way of learning which to me was the way of learning and indeed teaching in those circles, a way I have seen westerners belittle or not understand.
Their way was to teach basic principles and leave the student to keep practicing, practicing, practicing until they understood. Thus the same view should be applied to how they learned. Ueshiba would therefore only be interested in certain principles he saw in a type of swordwork or jo or spear or whatever. So he wouldn't need too long to get what he wanted in order to go and then practice practice practice.
I think I agree with you that Ueshiba taught principals and left it to the student to practice until they understood.
However this is actually very different than the way koryu are taught. Classically, the Sensei teaches you
and that's what you practice for years. You learn the principals intuitively by practicing the forms under the guidance of a master teacher. I have heard that principals are elucidated at certain intervals by revealing gokui to the student, but only after a long period of grinding.
I am very comfortable with the idea that Ueshiba taught principles and not kata, and I am also comfortable saying that I am not convinced this is the best way to really transmit the art.
....and with that, we're off topic.
Cliff Judge
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I love making dolls and toys for my son, and am excited to be able to share my designs with other crocheters. I specialize in patterns that are easy to follow and construct, so that beginners and ...
I love making dolls and toys for my son, and am excited to be able to share my designs with other crocheters. I specialize in patterns that are easy to follow and construct, so that beginners and experts alike can be proud of their finished pieces.
You may be wondering why my patterns are so cheap- a couple of bucks or less? Really? My feeling is that these designs are not terribly complicated or intricate and they are fairly priced for what they are. Also, if you are happy with the pattern and the price, you are more likely to come back and buy more.
This crochet pattern is written in English with U.S. crochet terms. It is one page long and written in easy to follow directions.
I work hard to make sure my patterns are very thorough- I give you stitch counts for each round and tell you where to make increases and decreases (no doing the math yourself!!). The Carrot Treat Bag is extremely easy and extremely quick to make, and turns out extremely cute, too! :)
Basic (requires knowledge of basic crochet terms). If you ever have any questions regarding the pattern, I'm always available via email. I will answer any questions you have.
You should know these stitches: slip stitch, chain, single crochet, half-double crochet, double crochet, half-treble crochet, invisible decrease, and how to make a magic ring.
-Worsted weight yarn in ORANGE and LIME GREEN
-Size J crochet hook
-Large tapestry needle
-Easter Grass (optional)
-Ch: chain
-Sl st: slip stitch
-Sc: single crochet
-Dc: double crochet
-Mr: make magic ring (Alternately, you can ch 2, 6 dc in 2nd ch from hook
This pattern is (c) copyright 2014 Heather Jarmusz for Ham and Eggs. Do not resell or distribute this pattern (that's stealing, after all!). You may use this pattern for your own personal use and sell your finished items created from this pattern, but you cannot claim the pattern as your own. I politely ask that you credit me, Heather Jarmusz, as the designer of this pattern, and that you include a link to my Etsy shop if you sell your items online. You can even copy/paste this text: For this and other crochet patterns, please visit www.hamandeggs.etsy.com.
Thanks for looking!


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Reunited Soundgarden returning to Milwaukee
Let's travel back to 1994, the year that alternative rock band Soundgarden last played in Milwaukee.
O.J. Simpson was charged with killing Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman. "Schindler's List" won the Academy Award for best picture. "The Sign" by Ace of Base and "I Swear" by All-4-One were two of the year's biggest songs. Mark Zuckerberg turned 10. »Read Full Article(1)
Katy Perry; Motorhead; Trivium; Toad the Wet Sprocket; Brett Dennen; Brandy Clark
Katy Perry »Read Full Article
Candy Chang's 'Before I Die...' comes to Milwaukee
There is something about a death that can be focusing. For New Orleans artist Candy Chang, the loss of a dear friend, initially lead to a long period of grief and depression that eventually turned to gratitude and clarity.
She wanted to know what was important, to her and to those in her around her. So the artist, known for her placemaking projects and urban planning ideas, painted the side of an abandoned building with chalkboard paint and stenciled the words, "Before I die I want to..." onto it. »Read Full Blog Post(1)
On Tap Today: Ben Sollee at Shank Hall
Cellist Ben Sollee takes his "Ditch the Van" tour to Shank Hall tonight. Photo provided by Shank Hall. »Read Full Blog Post


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Cool down your hot football themed party with our personalized Flaming Football Water Bottle Labels.
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Doctor insights on:
Can Cancer Be Detected In Urine
Can ulterie cancer be detected by urine test?
No: www.cancer.net is a good resource on uterine cancer. http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/diagnosis. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Urine (Definition)
Urine is the product of the kidneys, which is produced to eliminate the waste products of metabolism, manage body fluid balance, &maintain acid-base balance. The blood is first filtered by the kidneys, and the composition of the resulting fluid is then altered depending on the body's needs. It is composed of mostly water, and breakdown products from blood cells impart ...Read more
Could endometrical cancer be detected by urine test?
No: Unfortunately, endometrial cancer still requires a biopsy to be certain of the diagnosis. Learn more about this here: http://www.Cancer.Org/cancer/endometrialcancer/detailedguide/endometrial-uterine-cancer-diagnosis. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
What are symptoms of bladder cancer? Lot of pain detected trace of blood in urine
Blood: Blood in the urine,whether visible or a trace on dipstick,is the most common way bladder tumors present.If you have blood in your urine you need to see a doctor and get it checked.Best wishes. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Other than cancer, what would cause microscopic blood in the urine?
Microhematuria: One of the most common referrals for urologic evaluation. Infection, kidney stones, enlarged prostate, blood thinner use, and many other issues can cause this condition. If persistent then you need to see a urologist for evaluation. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
What kind of cancer can it be if you have blood in the urine?
Needs evaluation: Any degree of blood in the urine (whether its microscopic or visible/gross) needs to be fully evaluated. Sources of blood in the urine may be either benign (e.g., infection, stones) or malignant. A malignancy anywhere in the urinary tract may cause hematuria - from the kidenys all the way dwn to the urethra. This is why patients need imaging and cystoscopy to evaluate hematuria. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
A urine analysis shows squemous cells. Does this mean cancer.?
Not cancer: Squamous cells in a urinalysis is usually a sign of contamination of the collection (i.e. The cup touched your skin). Squamous cells do not line the urinary tract - they are urothelial cells, also known as transitional cells all the way from the kidney to the urethra (except the last short segment in men). ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Atypical cells found in urine. Female. If cancer, how likely and what kind could it be?
Repeat: You will need to repeat the cytology test. If repeat test is positive again- you will need to see a urologist. A ct scan of the pelvic as well as a cystoscopy would likely be done to evaluate your gu system. ...Read more
Could cancer cause blood in the urine?
Yes: It can be infection, stone, cancer or a variety of other problems. See your doctor. www.peedoc.com @thepeedoc. ...Read more
Can you have a cytology done to see if there are cancer cells in urine?
Yes, but...: Many cancers do not shed their cells into the urine. The decision to pursue a further workup in the absence of a positive urine cytology is your physician's, with your input of course. If i had new hematuria, i'd have imaging even with negative cytology. Good luck. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
Do all types of cancer cause bloody urine?
No: Only cancer so the urinary tract can cause blood in the urine. Other cancers may cause blood in the urine only if it is invading the urinary tract system. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
Cancer (Definition)
An uncontrolled cell growth leading to invasion and metastases is what cancer is defined as. It produced abnormal growth of cells which acquire destructive properties causing serious threat to host's life, unless it can be removed or destroyed by ...Read more
- Talk to a doctor live online for free
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- Ask a doctor a question free online
- Can herpes be detected in urine?
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- Can weed be detected in a urine test?
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- Talk to a oncologist online for free


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Popular Diets
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Recent Enteries
Would you believe it if someone told you that in just four minutes you would not only improve your fitness level, you would also burn more calories per minute than running ten miles an hour, plus increase your metabolism 30 minutes post workout? According to researcher Dr. Michele Olson, aka, the Exercise Doctor, it's true! It's been backed up by numerous research studies, and it's called the Tabata Training Method.
"This particular style of interval training has profound effects even on short-term, post-exercise metabolism," has explained Olson. "It would take five times the amount of typical cardio exercise, like a twenty-minute brisk walk, to shed the same number of calories that result from a four-minute Tabata."
Tabata is an interval training workout designed to push you to your anaerobic threshold for 20 seconds, with a 10 second recovery break, for a total of four minutes. Designed by Izumi Tabata, a Japanese trainer of athletes, the Tabata method seems to be a major breakthrough in fitness training programs. However, it should be practiced with caution. (more…)
Are you short on time but really need to get an intense workout? Are you ready to push your 5K time a little lower? Are you prepared to take your HIIT to a new level? Then it's time to try tabata training.
Tabata training, or tabata intervals, came out of a 1996 study by Izumi Tabata. The study compared short ultra high intensity interval training with long steady state cardio (the "fat burning zone" intensity on your favorite cardio machine).
The study found that the tabata group, performing just eight cycles of 20 seconds of work followed by 10 seconds of rest, had similar VO2max improvements to the group performing longer steady state workouts. But the tabata group was the only group to show improved anaerobic capacity, meaning you can push a little farther and little faster when running, cycling or any other fitness activity.
Got your interval timer ready? Set it for eight rounds of 20 seconds of work and 10 seconds of rest. Then pick one of my five favorite exercises for tabata intervals. Let's get started!
I am a big fan of mixing it up when I exercise. I am easily bored, almost certainly A.D.D., and need to have a different routine in order to keep myself engaged and present. I try to work out three mornings a week with a Crossfit instructor. Recently, my instructor introduced me to the concept of Tabata.
The Tabata Protocol has been said to be simply the best supra-aerobic cardio workout ever created. Izumi Tabata researched the concept of a quicker more intense workout vs. a traditional 60 minute aerobic workout. The 4 minute exercise group had to bike at 90 RPMs at 170% of VO2max. That's a very high speed and level of intensity. At the end of the 6 week study, the 4 minute exercise group had improved both their aerobic and anaerobic markers of fitness. The 60 minute group improved their aerobic fitness (not as much as the 4 minute group) and saw no change in their anaerobic fitness. (more…)


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Local/News Gallery
Locals celebrate the Royal Wedding
Photo: Nathan Hunsinger/Staff Photographer
Laurel Wright hosted a party to celebrate the royal wedding between Prince William and Kate Middleton while wearing wedding dresses at her home in Highland Village.
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Quick Takes - Coyote Point Equalizer E550si Load Balancer
Providing fault tolerance as well as the ability to scale beyond the capacity of a single server, load balancers are practically a necessity for any commercial site. Because loads on a given Web site can fluctuate by several orders of magnitude (five or six, in the case of sites like Victoria's Secret or the World Cup Soccer site), and given that thousands of dollars a minute may be lost if the site is unavailable, being able to spread the load across many servers and ensure that users can still connect, even if one or more physical servers fails or stops responding, is crucial.
The latest load balancer available from Coyote Point Systems is the Equalizer E550si, a 1u (1.75"-high) appliance that offers 20 10/100/1000 ports, all the load-balancing features necessary to set up a sophisticated Web farm or other type of virtual cluster, and excellent performance, at a cost of $10,995 US.
You may be asking yourself, "Why do I need a load balancer?" Or, "Why should I pay that much for something I can get for free?" In its simplest form, load balancing simply distributes requests as they come in to one of several back-end servers in a virtual cluster, sharing the load equally among all the servers in a round-robin scheme. A DNS server can do this by mapping several IP addresses to the same host name, for instance:
www.store.com 192.168.0.10 www.store.com 192.168.0.11 www.store.com 192.168.0.11
The problem with using a DNS server in this fashion is that requests are distributed to each server in turn, whether or not that server is actually available, and regardless of how heavily loaded each of the servers is. Also, the first address in the list may be cached more often across the Web, resulting in higher loads on that server. Finally, many applications, such as e-commerce, can break unless a client is connected to the same server through its session, and there's no way to ensure this with a DNS round-robin setup.
Apache and Tomcat also can balance loads across a cluster of Apache and Tomcat servers, using a specialized Tomcat Worker instance. This type of load balancing is somewhat more sophisticated, allowing for checks to ensure that a host is available and adding more sophisticated algorithms than simple round-robin—for instance, allowing new requests to be sent to the least heavily loaded server. This type of load balancing can enable persistent sessions, so that a client can be directed to the same server for the duration of the session. However, this method will not work with other Web servers and will take some fairly specialized knowledge to set up and maintain.
There also are open-source load balancers, such as Ultra Monkey, which can offer sophisticated load-balancing algorithms, persistent sessions, health checking, failover to a backup load balancer and more. These can be installed on any Linux server and simply need one or two NICs to begin creating a virtual cluster.
So, why buy a $10,995 box when you can set up a server for a few hundred?
First, performance. A single-processor server with two standard NICs can't hope to match the millions of concurrent users and the levels of traffic that the Equalizer can, with a carefully tuned OS and 20 gigabit ports available.
Second, ease of use. The Equalizer comes with a very simple and straightforward Web-based GUI that any network admin can use to create an enterprise-class load-balanced cluster.
Third, the Equalizer can be used with any IP-based application, not only HTTP/HTTPS. It supports DNS, WAP, RADIUS, SMTP, POP, IMAP, NNTP, FTP and streaming media, as well as most other UDP- and TCP/IP-based protocols. It also can handle Active Server Pages, as well as Java application servers, and pretty much any kind of SQL back-end database server.
The Equalizer also offers an optional SSL acceleration card that provides SSL encoding/decoding, which can reduce server loads quite substantially, and multiple Equalizers can be networked together to provide geographic load balancing, which allows you to set up several geographically separate Web sites that all serve the same URL, so that even if an entire data center is off-line, the others can continue to service users. The geographic load-balancing software, Envoy, can determine which data center will be able to respond the fastest to any given clients and to send those clients to the site that will give them the best service.
Setting up the Equalizer is a simple matter of performing the initial network configuration via serial terminal, then logging in to the system via the browser interface to configure one or more virtual clusters. Setting up a cluster is easily done by filling in the IP addresses of the servers in the cluster and making a few selections from drop-down boxes.
The major choices are the method of load balancing and the type of cluster. The load-balancing options are round-robin, static weight (set percentages of the total number of connections given to each server), adaptive, fastest response, least connections or server agent. Adaptive should be the default in most cases, as it combines the fastest response and least connections to provide very even server loads under most conditions. The type of cluster can be HTTP, HTTPS or any designated TCP/IP port range desired. Once a cluster is set up, you can be as granular as you like about creating persistent sessions, logging, reporting, monitoring services and servers to ensure availability, error handling or even automatically adding additional servers to a cluster as load increases. The default settings generally will be the optimal ones, but your ability to customize things is limited only by your ability to script actions.
For example, you can ping a server to ensure hardware connectivity, but you also can send a query via any text-based request/response protocol—not merely HTTP, but something like a Telnet-based SQL command—and verify that the response is valid. This means you can ensure that specific services are available on each member of a cluster, rather than just confirming that the network interface is operational. You can route traffic to a cluster based on rules that are written in standard POSIX.2 expressions. You could specify a rule that directs all traffic coming from a specific set of IP addresses to one cluster, and all other traffic to another, or match IP ranges assigned to specific countries to localize a Web site in other languages.
The Equalizer can automatically place cookies in the HTTP stream returned to a client so that it can identify a specific client and ensure that all traffic for that session comes to the same server. In addition, you can run scripts when a condition is met. For instance, you could define a rule that sends an e-mail if average loads on the cluster exceed 70% or even add additional servers to a cluster when loads are high.
Although there are load-balancing solutions that are less expensive than the Equalizer E550si (and many that are more expensive), the mix of high performance, ease of use and programmability is hard to beat.
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Which is more important? Jesus Christ's death or his rising from the dead?
Sometimes the coincidences - or are they? - relating to God are intriguing. Two weeks ago, I picked up a book at a garage sale that gives valuable insight into that question. It happened to be just after longtime friend Alan Duniven had pointed out something missing from my most recent column.
I had tried to summarize in a short paragraph what one must believe in order to be saved. Alan wrote in response: "Good, but I would add that one must believe Jesus rose from the dead."
Yes, I agree and should have included the resurrection.
And my garage sale book, James Montgomery Boice's "Foundations of the Christian Faith," reminded me just how important that event is to Christianity.
Boice quickly admits that Jesus's death and resurrection are equally important. Jesus and his followers taught that the crucifixion was necessary in order for Christ to pay for our sins.
But his rising three days later also was essential. "The resurrection proved that Jesus Christ is who he claimed to be and that he accomplished what he claimed to have come to earth to accomplish," wrote Boice as a young pastor of Philadelphia's Tenth Presbyterian Church. Boice died in 2000.
Boice paraphrased the Apostle Paul: "If Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain" (I Cor. 15:14).
Boice elaborates on six Christian beliefs that he says the resurrection confirms:
The existence of God.
The deity of Christ.
The doctrine that all who believe in Christ are justified from all sin.
The doctrine of sanctification, which means a Christian can live a life that pleases God. If Jesus still lives, it's possible for his life to be lived out in us.
Eternal life.
Judgment of human beings at the end of time. Jesus predicted such a judgment and said he would be the judge.
To get the full scoop on how the resurrection proves those beliefs, you'll have to pick up Boice's book and/or read the New Testament.
But certainly, if Jesus actually rose from the dead about 7,000 miles from Amarillo about 2,000 years ago, it gives credence to everything he said. It's the make-it-or-break-it cornerstone of the faith.
Mike Haynes teaches journalism at Amarillo College. He can be reached at AC, the Amarillo Globe-News or email@example.com. Go to www.haynescolumn.blogspot.com for other recent columns.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Arcade
Join Date: Jul 2009
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Did any of you throw a fight party?
I was thinking about throwing a fight party but came to my senses and realized that this fight would most likely be boring for casual fans. Im glad i didnt have to sit there with a bunch of bored *******s telling me how much boxing sucks
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lol true dat true dat.
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i feel sorry for people who had one
OK Jim...
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I always think of watching the fights with a few friends but never bother. A few lads i know had people around for the fight tonight but i said i couldn't make it as they do my head in when its on lol.
They only watch the fights when its a big fight featuring a English fighter (i only know about 2 or 3 friends who actually are into Boxing in a big way).
They all told me tonight that Haye would win tonight with the 1st shot he threw, the all said Hatton would beat up Manny..''who's Pacquiao, iv'e never head of him''. In the end i just gave up, i watch the fights with my brother i dont even ask anyone around anymore. If i did tonight i know they would of just moaned about the fight being boring and said 'see..i told you UFC is better'. haha im a right miserable bastard !
I asked them if they are watching the Antillon - Rios fight next weekend...they just looked at me like i was speaking another language.
Last edited by Chrismart; 07-02-2011 at 08:19 PM.
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Kurdistan to form "Hamrin" military operations in response to
Iraq's Dijla operations
Kurdistan to form "Hamrin" military
operations in response to Iraq's Dijla operations
Kurdistan, Iraq tensions
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official downplays Maliki's statements on Iraqi
army entering Erbil 6.11.2012
Kurdistan reveals
the arrival of delegation headed by Iraq's al-Jaafari
to Erbil 30.10.2012
A Different
Delegation in Baghdad 27.10.2012
Iraq's weapons
deals with Russia weaken American role
A Kurdish Wedge
Between Iraq, Turkey 25.10.2012
Barzani's meeting
with Kurd delegation will determine whether
talks with Baghdad positive or not 25.10.2012
Iraq's Kurdistan
delegations to Baghdad brings up divisions
within KRG government 25.10.2012
Iraq's Maliki,
Kurdistan's Barham Salih stress non-media
wrangling 23.10.2012
NGOs in Kurdistan
call to postpone Iraq's arms deals with Russia
Kurdistan promises
to hand produced oil to Iraq's central
government 21.10.2012
Iraqi Kurdistan
president Massoud Barzani to visit Russia next
month 21.10.2012
Baghdad officials
behave contrary to constitution: Kurdistan
National Security Advisor 21.10.2012
Iraqi Shiite
leader Muqtada al-Sadr criticizes Russian and
Czech arms deals 21.10.2012
Kurds head for
Baghdad talks as 'final attempt' to end conflict
Iraq intends
deploying troops in Kurdistan to prevent Turkish
army's operations 18.10.2012
Iraq's Maliki
threatens to return to the politics of exclusion
Arms for Iraq's
Security, or for International Shia Security?
Kirkuk city - Related Links
Iraqi Dijla
military command another face of Arabization:
Kurdish commission 12.11.2012
Change movement
supports annexing Kirkuk to Kurdistan region
Kurdish leaders
oppose movement of Dijla forces in Iraq's
disputed Diyala province 3.11.2012
Iraqi president Jalal
Talabani halts Dijla operations command in
Kirkuk 10.9.2012
Kurdistan's Change
Movement calls on Baghdad to coordinate with
Erbil before sending troops to disputed areas
Turkish FM's Kirkuk
visit: A tit-for-tat for Barzani's efforts for a
Kurdish region in Syria 7.8.2012
Turkey PM defends
foreign minister's Kirkuk trip 6.8.2012
Turkish FM's speech to
Kirkuk's Turkmen community 4.8.2012
Iraq summons Turkey
envoy to protest over visit to Kirkuk 4.8.2012
slams Turkish FM's visit to Kirkuk 2.8.2012
Turkish foreign
minister visits disputed Iraq city of Kirkuk
We are ready to
die to protect Kurds of Iraq's disputed areas:
Kurdistan interior ministry official 21.7.2012
A tale of oil smugglers
in Kirkuk: Big business, black markets, bribery
Kirkuk is Kurdistani
red line 25.6.2012
Baghdad sells Kirkuk's
oil as it stalls article 140 - 3.6.2012
Leaving the fate of
Kirkuk to fuzzy democracy while Maliki taunts
the Kurds 18.5.2012
Turkman leader says
Kirkuk dispute cannot be resolved without
Turkman-Kurd agreement 12.5.2012
Open your Eyes or Shut
up Your Mouth Maliki 10.5.2012
Maliki's visit to
Kirkuk city was "provocative", says Iraqi
Kurdish MP 10.5.2012
Talabani's PUK expels
member for critizing Kurdish officials who
welcomed Maliki in Kirkuk 10.5.2012
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Administrative officer position on Erie County Council's Tuesday agenda
Now that several key posts in Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper's administration have been filled, Erie County Council will once again consider restoring a job that would help support Dahlkemper's team.
An ordinance that would approve an administrative officer position -- who would work with county solicitors and new Information Technology Director Erick Friedman -- is on council's meeting agenda tonight. The job would pay $40,441 in salary and benefits.
The job existed previously, but it was cut from the 2014 budget.
County Council considered restoring the position at its March 11 meeting, but council tabled Dahlkemper's request. Council Chairman Kyle Foust said council should revisit the administrative officer's position after other top jobs in Dahlkemper's administration were filled, to assess how badly it is needed.
Since that meeting, Dahlkemper has appointed Friedman; named Gary Lee her director of administration; announced Melissa Lyon as the new director of the Erie County Department of Health, and selected Kevin Lundeen to lead the county's Office of Children and Youth.
Anne Rahner, Dahlkemper's executive assistant, has told County Council the administrative officer is needed to help handle some of the support workload within the Dahlkemper administration.
KEVIN FLOWERS can be reached at 870-1693 or by e-mail. Follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/ETNflowers.


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The critically endangered Javan Rhino has been wiped out in Vietnam , WWF Vietnam and the International Rhino Foundation confirmed in a report released on Oct. 25.
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World Vision will provide over 1.1 million USD for the central coastal province of Thanh Hoa to improve its capacity in natural disaster risk prevention and mitigation.
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The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) hosted an annual conference in Hanoi on Oct. 24 for the government and donors to review the implementation of the National Target Programme for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (NTP3).
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A ground breaking ceremony for Mong Duong 1 thermo power plant was held in Cam Pha town, Quang Ninh northern province on Oct. 22.
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A international seminar, was held in Hanoi on Oct. 19, looking in-depth into how to ensure safety for Vietnam 's first nuclear power plant.
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The second session of the Vietnam-Laos Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation was co-chaired by Minister of Science and Technology Nguyen Quan and his Lao counterpart Boviengkham Vongdara, in Hanoi on Oct. 11.
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Parx: Nanaja, Res Judicata coast in South Carolina restricted stakes
Locally based horses who looked like logical contenders on paper produced runaway victories in a pair of restricted stakes for 2-year-olds Sunday at Parx Racing.
Res Judicata ($6.20), racing on Lasix for the first time, drew off to a 6 1/2-length victory under Jeremy Rose in the $77,000 Chris Elser Memorial for 2-year-old colts and geldings. Earlier on the card, Nanaja ($5.80) followed up her debut win with a 5 1/2-length score in the $75,000 Donna Freyer for 2-year-old fillies.
Both races were restricted to 2-year-olds who had spent at least 90 days in South Carolina and whose owners paid nomination fees to that state's Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association.
Res Judicata, trained by John Servis for Someday Farm, ran 6 1/2 furlongs in 1:17.09. Pitch N Roll finished second, 5 3/4 lengths clear of 31-1 outsider Sailor's Revenge.
Nanaja, ridden by Angel Arroyo for trainer Lupe Preciado and owner Hopes Racing Stable, covered 6 1/2 furlongs in 1:18.70. My Sonata finished second, 2 3/4 lengths ahead of first-time starter Deighan.
Nice to see someday farms and john service back together


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In this issue, we look at whether a job applicant can gain protection under the Framework and Equal Treatment Directives if the purpose of the application is to gain the status of someone who can make a claim to gain...more
More than a year after the Commission announced its Digital Single Market (DSM) Strategy, the Commission continues to press ahead in delivering concrete proposals. The latest – and arguably most significant yet – are its...more
The guidelines, which apply from 1 January 2017, seek to clarify the concepts of disclosure, governance, and risk alignment in respect of remuneration; in advance of this date, non-EU investment managers of UCITS should...more
Statistics reveal a difference of 7 percent between the remuneration paid to men and that paid to women with the same qualifications in Germany. The average hourly wage even shows a difference of 22 percent, making pay...more
Basel Committee reports on adoption of the Basel framework -
The Basel Committee has published its tenth progress report on adoption of the Basel III regulatory framework as part of the Committee's regulatory consistency...more
ESMA updates MAD Q&A -
ESMA has published an updated version of its Q&A on the common operation of the Market Abuse Directive (MAD). A new question regarding investment recommendations has been added. (Source: ESMA...more
In this week's newsletter, we provide a snapshot of the principal US, European and global financial regulatory developments of interest to banks, investment firms, broker-dealers, market infrastructure providers, asset...more
SEC Approves FINRA's Proposed Expansion of Supplement Schedule for Derivatives and Off-Balance Sheet Items -
On April 5, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority released Regulatory Notice 16-11...more
The European Securities and Markets Authority published its final report on Guidelines on the sound remuneration policies under the Units in Collective Undertakings Directive and the Alternative Investment Fund Managers...more
ESMA Consults on Guidelines on Disclosure of Information on Commodity Derivatives Markets or Related Spot Markets under MAR -
On March 30, the European Securities and Markets Authority ("ESMA") opened a public...more
On March 30, the European Banking Authority ("EBA") published aggregated data on high earners earning €1 million or more per financial year. The EBA has analyzed the data provided to it for the year 2014 and compared it to...more
The Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority jointly announced that they will comply with all aspects of the European Banking Authority's Guidelines on Sound Remuneration Policies published in December...more
Where are we on implementation? Are we nearly there yet?
Yes and no. The UCITS V directive comes into force on 18 March 2016. But:
Additional implementing rules (known as "Level 2") on the duties of UCITS...more
AIFMD – ESMA Updates its Q&A on AIFMD Application -
ESMA updated its questions and answers on the application of the AIFMD on 2 and 15 December 2015. The 2 December update focussed on various questions around leverage...more
MoU between CMA and FCA on consumer protection powers -
CMA has published on MoU establishing a framework for cooperation between CMA and FCA on the use of concurrent powers under consumer protection legislation. The...more
On 21 December 2015 the European Banking Authority ("EBA") published its final guidelines on sound remuneration policies (the "Guidelines"), together with its opinion on proportionality (the "EBA Opinion")....more
EBA has published its guidance on the governance process for sound remuneration policies. The guidelines clarify the process for identifying those categories of staff to whom the specific remuneration provisions of CRD4...more
EBA is consulting on its draft guidelines for remuneration policies and practices related to the sale and provision of retail banking products and services. The draft guidelines apply to remuneration paid to staff employed by...more
China -
Changes to Employee contribution rates for work related injury insurance and maternity insurance -
As of 1 October 2015, employer contribution rates for injury-at-work insurance and maternity insurance have...more
Capital Markets Union - New Resolution from European Parliament -
The European Parliament published a press release on 9 July 2015 announcing the adoption of a non-binding resolution on building a capital markets union...more
SEC to Consider Adoption of Pay Ratio Disclosure Rules at August 5 Opening Meeting -
On July 29, the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to a "Sunshine Act" notice, stated that it will hold an open meeting on...more
AIFMD – AIMA and EFAMA Comment on EBA Consultation on Draft Guidelines on Remuneration Policies for AIFMs -
AIMA and EFMA published their response to the EBA's consultation on draft guidelines on sound remuneration...more
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) issued a consultation paper on 23 July 2015 in respect of the proposed guidelines on remuneration (UCITS Remuneration Guidelines) regarding the remuneration principles...more
IP Pitfalls in Tech M&A Transactions -
Technology and IP-driven deals accounted for over 30 percent of M&A deal volume in Europe in 2014. This trend is bound to continue, with many deals involving strategic or financial...more
As the 2015 AGM and reporting season gets underway, this bulletin gives an overview of the key changes affecting listed companies.
Directors' remuneration report
The 2015 AGM season will see the second year of...more
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The series starts Sunday, and by seeding and home court, the fifth-seeded Trail Blazers are the underdogs in their first-round matchup against the No. 4 Houston Rockets.
But the teams have identical 54-28 records, and each has its own set of formidable strengths. So, how do you think this best-of-seven NBA playoff series will play out? Will it be a repeat of 2009, when the Rockets won 4-2, or will the Blazers come through and win their first playoff series since 2000?
Vote in our poll, and share your reasoning in the comments section below.


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Accepting new patients
Accepting new patients
Sandy, UT 84093 Phone number & directions
Sandy, UT 84093 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Creed Haymond:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Have you visited Dr. Haymond? Share your experience.
Write a Review
Write a Review
Education & Awards
Dr. Haymond graduated from University of Washington, Seattle.
Dr. Haymond has 6 hospital affiliations:
- Alta View Hospital
- Latter-Day Saints Hospital
- Spanish
- Italian
Home > Find a Dentist > UT > Sandy Dentists > Dr. Creed Haymond, DDS
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Creed S Haymond DDS is a male dentist and practices in Oral Surgeon & Maxillofacial Surgery.
- Where does Dr. Creed S. Haymond practice?
- Dr. Creed Haymond has 2 office locations.
Dr. Creed Haymond practices Oral Surgeon & Maxillofacial Surgery near Sandy, UT.
Additional practice locations include: Heber City, UT.
See Sandy Dentists.


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Everpure Costguard CGT-10S Water Filter Cartridge
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The Everpure EV910813 can be used in the following applications:
- 10" bowls
- Foodservice
The Everpure Costguard CGT-10S Water Filter Cartridge is a replacement drop-in water filter cartridge that fits most 10 inch bowls and is deal for improving the taste in beverages, such as fountain drinks and coffee. The CGT-10S Replacement Cartridge features granular activated carbon (GAC) to reduce unwanted tastes and odors associated with chlorine from your drinking water. This GAC water filter features a 20 micron rated post-filter that reduces suspended particles, as well as phospshate that reduces the build-up of scale, dirt, and dissolved minerals.
Everpure Costguard CGT-10S Water Filter Cartridge specifications:
- Part number EV910813
- 20 micron post-filter
- Max. Temp: 40-100 F (4.4-38 C)
- Maximum Flow: 1.0 gpm (3.8 Lpm)
- Dimensions: 9.75" H x 2.87" D
- Capacity: 5,000 gallons (18,930 L)
- Reduces chlorine taste & odor, controls scale
- Working Pressure: 30-125 psi (2.1-8.6 bar), non-shock
Everpure Costguard CGT-10S Water Filter Cartridge Product Reviews :Write a review
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text:
Last night, The Rock took over WrestleMania 27, the event that helped make him famous, and stunned the crowd with what happened to close the show. But did the People's Champ electrify the crowd once more with his interference in the championship match between John Cena and The Miz, or did his performance go over like a lead balloon?
While the Most Electrifying Man in Sports Entertainment was dominating in the squared circle, we were also getting ready for the national championship game between Butler and UConn, but will Kemba Walker continue to carry the Huskies in this tournament, or will Brad Stevens and the Bulldogs win a national championship?
Finally, we'll be talking about Wayne Rooney and his verbal tirade yesterday. Get excited for that one, because it's going to be fun. We have plenty of talk about, and if you have anything to say, make sure you leave it in the comments below.


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LUBBOCK - Melvin Terry, 67, died Monday, Oct. 8, 2001.
Services will be at 11 a.m. today in Bacon Heights Baptist Church with the Rev. Charles Murray officiating. Burial will be at 3 p.m. in Oklahoma Lane Cemetery in Oklahoma Lane by Resthaven Funeral Home.
Mr. Terry married Lois Ellison at Tucumcari, N.M., in 1955. He was owner and controller of the Career Center of Lubbock before retiring in 1998.
Survivors include his wife; a son, Malcom Terry of Liberty Hills; a daughter, Alison Kirkpatrick of Amarillo; a sister, Ludene Davis of Bovina; and seven grandchildren.
The family suggests memorials be to Bacon Heights Baptist Church.
Amarillo Globe-News, Oct. 11, 2001
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Best route map between Atlantic Beach, NC and Ocracoke, NC. This route take about 65 Miles.
The distance and estimated time is placed on the right depending on the status of the road.
, 03:03
* You can see Atlantic Beach, NC and Ocracoke, NC photos above. We provide this photos from Google Panoramio service.
* Atlantic Beach, NC weather as celsius: °C
* Ocracoke, NC weather as celsius: °C
* Weather information on route, provide by Open Weather Map.
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