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The Borough of Bedford is a great place in which to
but it is not just for sport or leisure. It is a
short distance
'door to door'
mode of transport
to get you quickly and cheaply to
Railway Station
as well as being healthier and kinder to the environment.
'door to door'
mode of transport
Railway Station
Summer is now with us. What better time of the year to get your bike out of the back of the garage or shed and start cycling that short distance.
If you have not cycled since last year a little bit of preparation may be necessary to cycle safely.
More than 64% of journeys less than 5km and 44% less than 2km are made by motor vehicles into Bedford town centre, trips that can easily be made by bicycle at no cost using Bedford's extensive cycle network. This was considerably enhanced during 2015 and further improvements are expected in 2016 and beyond.
Cycling has been on the increase in Bedford for some years with an average rise of 7-8% per year seen over the last eight years.
As well as saving you money, cycling also comes with a number of health, environmental and social benefits.
Riding a bicycle is like swimming, once learnt you will never forget how to do it but if you have never ridden a bicycle or have not cycled for some time and would like to regain confidence in todays traffic there are a number of training courses available in the area.Tweets by @CycleBedford


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Category page
11,348pages on
this wiki
this wiki
This category contains a list and associated pages of vehicles in all GTA games. A vehicle is only considered a vehicle if the game classifies it as such. Static map objects like the USS Numnutz and interactive transport like the Jetpack are not classified as vehicles and therefore should not be in this category.
If you are creating a vehicle page, please add it to this category by placing [[Category:Vehicles]] at the bottom of the page and a relevant subcategory.
Pages in category "Vehicles"
" The Porka is a vehicle depicted in Grand Theft Auto 1. It resembles a Porsche 356 Cabriolet, as...
" The Karma Bus is a vehicle in Grand Theft Auto 2. The Karma Bus is a bus used by the Hare...
Karma Bus
" The Mod Scooter is a vehicle available in Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto...
Mod Scooter
" The��Scamp was a vehicle cut from Grand Theft Auto V. The only remnants of this vehicle are...
" The Porka Turbo is a vehicle depicted in Grand Theft Auto 1. The Porka Turbo resembles a Porsche...
Porka Turbo
" The Fat is a compact car in Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto: London 1961...
" The Jugular Jug Swinger is a sports car in Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto...
Jug Swinger
" The Speeder is a vehicle in Grand Theft Auto 1. The Speeder is designed as an open-top sports...
Speeder (car)
" In order to keep our wiki providing the best information vehicles to the public there are set...
Manual of Style/Vehicles
" The Impaler is a personal luxury car in Grand Theft Auto 1. The Impaler appears to be based on a...
" The Counthash is a supercar featured in Grand Theft Auto 1. The Counthash resembles a...
" The Penetrator is a car featured in Grand Theft Auto 1. The Penetrator is a sportscar that...
Media in category "Category:Vehicles"
Posted in: Vintage Pistol
Posted in: Helmet
Posted in: Forelli ExSess
Posted in: Grand Theft Auto III
Posted in: Ambulance-GTACW.png
Posted in: Shamal

subset: commoncrawl


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The complex dynamics of interacting biological organisms that form ecological systems make predictions of processes difficult and often imprecise. In this context, Tardif and Shipley explore the acceptability of the biomass-ratio hypothesis, operationalized as community-weighted means, and a new hypothesis (idiosyncratic annulment) for predicting the decomposition of multispecies litter mixtures. They find deviations from expectation but an average bias of approximately zero and a decreasing variability with increasing species richness (SR). They conclude that, since SR increases with increasing spatial scale, the spatial scale will be a determinant in the prediction of ecosystems processes, such as litter decomposition rates.
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On Flipboard
About Us
AoB Blog is a run by the Annals of Botany Company, a non-profit educational charity.
The company currently administers two journals, the Annals of Botany and AoB PLANTS.
These are published through Oxford University Press.
New in Annals of Botany


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Created in this Craftsy class
Made with a tool that's a cross between a crochet hook and a knitting needle, Tunisian crochet adds great texture and beautiful color to Jennifer Hansen's versatile and stylish garment.
Other projects made as part of this class:
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
|Here are some details about my project:
|Classic, Romantic
What materials did you use? Color A - Bevy of Swans - deep blue Color B - Blue Heron Yarns - Grape with gold metallic Color C - Malibrigo Arroyo - Plomo (grey) Color D - Malibrigo Arroyo - English Rose
Neat color inspiration - I love the various textures of all the stitches in this project. Beautiful!
Gorgeous colours. Beautiful work
Gorgeous colour choices and beautiful work!
Beautiful, your colors are perfect


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Electronic Dartboard with Interactive Heckler
by DMI Sports | Item #: 863716 |
- $ 125 86 125.86
Non-members pay 10% surchargeJoin now!
- Shipping
- Free Pickup
^Free shipping (if noted above) is available within the continental U.S. only. Offer excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Shipping to AK or HI adds a location surcharge to the regular rate. Delivery estimates, taxes, and fees are based on ZIP Code. Club Pickup orders are based on your club's current price and item availability on the day of payment.
About this itemThe Arachnid dartboard features an optional heckler that praises good shots and heckles bad shots.
The Arachnid Electronic dartboard has 27 games, 175 options and an 8 player LED score display.
The dartboard includes a Tournament 15.5" target area with trademarked tournament colors, micro
thin segment dividers that dramatically reduce bounce-outs, play on and ranking features, voice
prompt for player to throw as well as NylonTough segments to improve playability and
The dartboard also has Player handicap, solo play feature and sleep mode. It includes 6 soft-tip darts with extra tips and comes with an AC adaptor or a battery option (4AA batteries not included).
Assembled Country
Assembled Size
Dimensions: 12" x 32.25" x 7.5"
Component Country


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Posts Tagged 'Sigmund Freud'
Louder than Bombs: An Interview with Joachim Trier and Jesse Eisenberg
April 6, 2016 | by Lorin Stein
Readers of the Review know that the Norwegian filmmaker Joachim Trier is one of our favorite young directors. (See Issue 203 for a discussion of his first two features, Reprise and Oslo, August 31st.) His new English-language debut, Louder than Bombs, stars Isabelle Huppert, Gabriel Byrne, and Jesse Eisenberg. Last week we caught up with Trier and Eisenberg for a conversation that ranged from Knut Hamsun to The Karate Kid to David Foster Wallace. We also talked about the making of Louder than Bombs. Read More »
A Fun Time at the Frost Fair, and Other News
January 8, 2016 | by Dan Piepenbring
- Over the course of the "Little Ice Age" that befell Europe some centuries back, the River Thames froze twenty-three times—such an unlikely occurrence that people had no choice but to party on the ice. These "frost fairs" often lasted for days; people set up tents and printers commemorated the occasion by selling letterpressed sheets of souvenir paper. "The men who dragged their presses onto the ice and produced these keepsakes were a competitive lot, each trying to offer the most enticing product … Promiscuity and sexual license were constitutive elements of the frost fair … Some of the tents set up on the ice were brothels."
- Five booksellers and publishers have gone missing in Hong Kong, and their disappearance may be linked to a contentious manuscript about China's president. "The book's title was being debated by the publisher before the abductions … The two choices were: The Lovers of Xi Jinping or Xi Jinping and His Six Women … It is unclear whether the book alleges Xi had an extramarital affair. As part of his crackdown on corruption since he took office in 2012, Xi has led an anti-corruption campaign that made adultery grounds for banishment from the Communist Party."
- Cognitive behavioral therapy long ago overtook psychoanalysis as the dominant form of therapy—and it had results to back up this dominance. In more recent studies, though, the talking cure has proven increasingly effective. Is it time to bring Freud back into the fold? "In contrast to the meandering conversations of psychoanalysis, a typical CBT exercise might involve filling out a flowchart to identify the self-critical 'automatic thoughts' that occur whenever you face a setback … Yet rumblings of dissent from the vanquished psychoanalytic old guard have never quite gone away. At their core is a fundamental disagreement about human nature—about why we suffer, and how, if ever, we can hope to find peace of mind … CBT doesn't exactly claim that happiness is easy, but it does imply that it's relatively simple: your distress is caused by your irrational beliefs, and it's within your power to seize hold of those beliefs and change them. Psychoanalysts contend that things are much more complicated. For one thing, psychological pain needs first not to be eliminated, but understood. From this perspective, depression is less like a tumor and more like a stabbing pain in your abdomen: it's telling you something, and you need to find out what."
- Many of us enjoy a good walk. I myself embarked on a walk this very morning, and plan to walk more throughout the day. But I'll probably never walk as much, or as far, as Werner Herzog, whose book Of Walking in Ice tells of his journey on foot from Munich to Paris in 1974. "'Walking on foot brings you down to the very stark, naked core of existence,' Herzog told a Film Comment interviewer in 1979, a year after Of Walking in Ice was first published in Germany. 'We travel too much in airplanes and cars. It's an existential quality that we are losing. It's almost like a credo of religion that we should walk.' Over the course of many years, and in countless different interviews, Herzog has spoken of his filmmaking—and of walking—in vaguely spiritual, even divine terms ('It's like a grace, like a gift of God that has fallen into my lap')."
- In which Ben Lerner pays a visit to the new Whitney's conservation department: "For many modern and contemporary artists, ephemerality is part of the point. Dieter Roth, to take just one example, didn't cover his canvases with yogurt for the sake of durability; they were built to biodegrade. Picasso and Braque told friends that they would rather let their canvases deteriorate than have them varnished … In the absence of explicit and complete instructions—that is, most of the time—conservation is fundamentally an interpretive act … The work of a conservator can re-sacralize the original art object … Conservation can help produce—not just protect—the aura of the original."
Fun with Freud
September 10, 2015 | by Dan Piepenbring
A letter from Hilda Doolittle (H. D.) to her companions Bryher and Kenneth Macpherson, sent March 1, 1933. H. D., born on this day in 1886, had journeyed to Vienna to commence her psychoanalysis with Freud himself, though he was old and frail by then. She wasn't supposed to discuss her analysis with friends, but she wrote about it in great depth to her loved ones; those letters are collected in Analyzing Freud. Here, she chronicles their first meeting and the difficult initial session. The analysis soon improved, though H. D. remained wary of Freud; among other concerns, she found it perturbing that he preferred dogs to cats. Read More »
Ordinary Human Love: An Interview with Clancy Martin
February 12, 2015 | by Tao Lin
I first encountered Clancy Martin's writing in NOON sometime in 2006 or 2007. He became one of my favorite writers. I looked forward to new work from him, wanting to add to the world he'd created in my imagination—a world I found endearingly and distinctively full of vulnerabilities, awkwardness, psychology; bleak, funny, and extreme situations; emotional, considerate, out-of-control characters; and other things I enjoy. I liked his calm, detached, careful, slightly deadpan narrators, and the stories they told—in his novel, How to Sell (2009), and his novella, Travels in Central America (2012)—were dark and moving and, in certain moods, funny on several different levels.
Martin's new book, Love and Lies: An Essay on Truthfulness, Deceit, and the Growth and Care of Erotic Love, is moving and funny but not, in my view, dark. It's actually very optimistic, though maybe not in the way one would expect from a book about love. "To choose to fall in love is, we might think, in some way to fabricate or even to falsify love," Martin writes. "But that's the very notion I'm combating. I want to challenge the idea that love forces itself upon us with all the strength of truth." He expands his argument by examining Plato, the Kama Sutra, Nietzsche, Freud, Adrienne Rich, Simone de Beauvoir, James Joyce, and dozens of others, as well as his memories of his personal experiences with his wife, two ex-wives, and three daughters. I asked Clancy some questions about love and lies via e-mail.
One of the quotes in your book is from Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche—"Love is mutual loneliness, and the deeper the loneliness, the deeper the love."
Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche recognizes that we are alone, and that the need for love is a mutual recognition that we are alone. Both the desire for and the desire to love—giving and receiving love—spring from this profound, unavoidable, so often avoided fact about human life. We are alone. I can't get into your head and you can't get into mine. Many of my memories and thoughts and feelings remain entirely private to me. But it is precisely this fact that informs our need for love. In some ways, the more I love you, the more urgent my need to know you and to reveal myself to you, the beloved, becomes, and so our separation becomes that much more intense. In Freudian terms, it's as though we all desperately wish to climb back into the womb. And I don't think we should underestimate the profundity of Freud's insight on these questions, even though it's the tired, tiring fashion lately to take him less seriously than we used to do. Read More »
A Freud for Every Season, and Other News
June 25, 2014 | by Dan Piepenbring
- "I suppose it says something about our era that the Freud we want is Freud the translator, rather than Freud the doctor—the conversational, empathetic, curious Freud, rather than the incisive, perverse, and confident one."
- Read to your baby as early as you can, scientists say. If you have a baby, drop everything and go read to him now. It will help "immunize" him "against illiteracy." Whether some texts are better vaccinations than others remains to be seen.
- The latest installment of Henri Cole's Paris diary: "This morning I observed a beautiful, sleeping chipmunk. Animals—like humans—seek a safe, sheltered place to sleep. Deer make a bed out of unmowed grass, rodents burrow in the soil, and apes create a pallet of leaves. In Paris, I sleep alone on a thick foam mattress. Because my dreams are incoherent, I lose any sense of time or place. Often I fly."
- A new radio show, Meet the Composer, proves that contemporary composers are neither bland nor square: "My experience with composers is superpersonal," the host says. "I always do all of my commissioning at 3 a.m. at the bar, after we've been hanging out forever."
- Seamus Heaney, the man, the poet, the app: "Too often arts organizations and publishers resort to stunts and gimmicks to add some glitz to poetry, and issue terrible statements about how they want to make it 'relevant' and 'trendy.' If a poem needs digital bells and whistles to become relevant, it's obvious it wasn't very good in the first place … this app adds context and insight to the tales without compromising or clouding them with too much technical faff."
November 4, 2013 | by Sadie Stein
On this day in 1899, Die Traumdeutung (The Interpretation of Dreams) was first published. Sales were initially dismal, but the rest, of course, is psychoanalytical history. In honor of its birthday, we bring you the only known audio recording of Sigmund Freud, made by the BBC near the end of his life, in Hampstead, London.


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To find out more about my work and more specific information about the kind of law I do everyday, try checking the following links to my business (Montague Law PLLC) website, my LinkedIn profile and my Facebook company page.
To see more of my photography, which is one of my great passions (or my "obsession" according to my wife), check out my photography website and a lot of older stuff on Flickr .
- Vanderbilt University
- University of Kentucky College of Law
- Henry Clay High School
- The Lexington School
- Montague Law PLLCOwner, 2011 - present
- Dinsmore & Shohl LLPPartner, 2005 - 2010
- Stoll Keenon Ogden PLLCPartner / Associate, 1993 - 2005
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of VirginiaJudicial Law Clerk, 1992 - 1993
- Avvo.com (current)
- Montague Law PLLC (current)
- Quora (current)
When an exception is not an exception… | Lexology
Lawyers see non-disclosure agreements all the time. Some of our well-established clients may see literally hundreds of them over the course
Courthouse News Service Entertainment Law
ALEXANDRIA, Va. (CN) - A Caribbean company called Beardo sued three competitors, claiming they swiped its patented "innovative design" for h
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Copyright or copywrong? Don't make these mistakes
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Can I refer to a dead public figure in a play that I plan to write? - Av...
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How Neuroscience Is Changing the Law | Going Mental | Big Think
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after the rain ... A shot from June 2010. It may not look like a true ...
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EthoStream: Future-Proof Connectivity
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Montague Law PLLC | LinkedIn
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Gallery Hop featuring artist Mark O'Bryan, "The Bottomless Dream: Quis Hic Locus?" Music by Rusuden (DJ set). http://base163.com/gallery


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Cat + Chick = Unstoppable CutenessThe Animal Rescue Site
We've seen plenty of unlikely and adorable animal buddies on the blog, but this one just might take the ultimate prize.
Watch as this laid back Cat of the Day lets his duckling friend nuzzle in for a nap. Just try not to squeal!
Medianet ARS
RevContent ARS DTOP
Proper ARS animalrescuesite_belowcontent
The Animal Rescue Site is a place where people can help provide food and care to millions of animals in need, both in the U.S. and around the world. In addition to sharing personal rescue stories, shopping for the cause, and signing petitions, visitors can take just a moment each day to click on a purple button to help animals. Visit The Animal Rescue Site and click today - it's free!


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Cairns Night Zoo - ex Palm Cove
Cairns Tropical Zoo - Palm Cove
Cairns Night Zoo
A$0 (2 Passengers)
3 hours.
Departure Days:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday except 25DEC, 31DEC.
Departure Time:
Approximately - 7:00pm.
Departure Point:
Cairns Night Zoo - Captain Cook Highway, Clifton Beach.
Palm Cove accommodation.
Palm Cove accommodation.
- Barbeque buffet dinner, beer, wine and soft drinks.
Not Included:
- Souvenirs.
A$0 (2 Passengers)
- Admission to Cairns Night Zoo.
- Guided spotlighting tour.
- Wildlife interaction.
- Live entertainment.
- Return transfers from Palm Cove accommodation.
What to Bring:
- Camera, light jacket (in winter months), comfortable shoes. Light jacket may be required during tropical winter season.
Valid for 01APR15-31MAR17:
A Cairns Night Zoo coach will pick you up from your hotel to commence an evening Night Zoo tour. When the sun goes down it's all happening at Cairns Night Zoo. Enjoy a barbecue dinner including beverages, and you may have the opportunity to hold and have your photo taken with a koala (own expense). Then it's time to see what Australians get up to after dark - torches will be supplied. Join swaggie' and the tame kangaroos for Billy Tea and Damper round the campfire. Finally enjoy great Aussie live entertainment. Tour concludes at approximately 10.00pm, at which time hotel drop offs will commence.
Important Information:
Tour Conditions:
- Night Tour attracts a large international participation (USA, UK, Europe and Japan) and translations may occur in various languages.
- Children must be accompanied by an adult at all times.
- Due to the time of the Night Tour it may not be suitable for very small children.
Dietary Requirements:
- Please advise at time of booking if a vegetarian meal is required.


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This Sonoma Wide Brim Sun Hat is UPF rated 50+. Protect yourself from harmful sun rays with this UPF protective clothing.
The Sonoma Sun Hat is soft, lightweight and comfortable. Nicely detailed, it offers a wide 5" brim for maximum face and neck sun protection.
This summer hat is made of 100% polyester. With a UPF 50+ rating, this hat blocks 97.5% of the sun's ultraviolet rays. A great women's hat!
Reg Price: $19.95Sale Price: $9.97


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GE wins another $2.6 million Navy contractMay 13,2013GE wins another Navy contract
The Rutland GE Aviation plants have been awarded an additional $2.6 million for a Navy contract for the development and production of fighter engines for the EA-18G Growler, the office of Sen. Patrick Leahy announced Friday.
The modification is to a previously awarded contract. It comes on the heels of a $5.4 million contract made to GE Rutland last week.
The contract is being divided among several GE plants and totals more than $22 million.
GE Rutland received 12 percent about $2.6 million of the additional work.
Leahy is the most senior member of the Senate Appropriations Committee and its Defense Subcommittee.
GE has invested more than $75 million over three years in its Rutland blade and vane plants on Windcrest Road and Columbian Avenue.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON A North Bennington man who had worked as a crossing guard for the Village School of... Full StoryPROCTOR Two women were arrested Monday after allegedly being caught on camera assaulting... Full StoryA Benson man is facing a potential life sentence for allegedly having sex with a sleeping woman. Full Story
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- Most Emailed


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As part of your studies you may work as a docent or help with an exhibit at the College's Wellin Museum of Art, an acclaimed facility. With guidance from your professors, you may secure an internship at the nearby Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute, home to an important American art collection, or in a great art city such as New York or Boston.
Ianna Recco '16 envisioned two paths to her future and chose Hamilton in part because its open curriculum allowed her to travel both: She majors in art history and classical languages. Another draw was the new Wellin Museum of Art, where she works as a docent – and got the chance to work with new acquisitions, exciting stuff for someone whose goal is curatorial work. "It was about 60 pieces of Roman glass, and I measured every little dimension, and I just finished putting them on an online database," she says. "It was fantastic."More >>
Kenley Stark '11 found her niche through an internship she had in college, where she doubled-majored in art history and philosophy. She's pursuing a law degree and a master's in art history at Duke University.More >>
Hamilton graduates who concentrated in art history are pursuing careers in a variety of fields, including:


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** Mark your calendars **
Celebrating Dr. Hughston's 100th birthday
Please fill in the RSVP form below, thank you!
2015 Hughston Society Meeting Photos
Homecoming Biennial Meeting (Click Here to View Full Program)
Hughston Society Members returned home April 9th for the 3-day 2015 Hughston Society Biennial Meeting. The homecoming included an educational program reviewing sports medicine, rehabilitation, and trauma. Participants received 14 AMA Physician's Recognition Award (PRA) Category 1 Credit(s)TM for attending the educational event.
During the program, Presidential Guest Speaker John M. Tokish, MD, FAAOS, presented the lectures, "Anterior Shoulder Instability" and "The Aging Athlete," and at the end of the meeting gave a special presentation, "Data Collection and Research Networks."
John M. Henderson, Sr., DO, delivered the Stephen Hunter Memorial Lecture, "How to be a Doctor on the Sideline" and Champ L. Baker Jr., MD, delivered The Hughston Legacy Lecture, "Things I Learned." Additionally, Reinhold D. Schmieding made a special presentation, "Technology Changes Everything in Orthopaedics." John E. Turba, MD, gave a talk entitled, "The Hughston Acute Extra-articular Repair of the ACL/ALRI," after which he and Fred Flandry, MD, toasted the late Jack C. Hughston, MD, and Mrs. Hughston for their devotion to medical research, education, and treatment.
In the Leadership and Education forum moderated by Robert M. Shalvoy, MD, the Hughston Sports Medicine Fellows presented their research projects and Dr. Shalvoy summed up the meeting, thanking the 38 panelists and speakers who participated in the event.
After hours, members enjoyed mojitos and Macanudos in the Sarah and Jack Hughston Garden and Society President Robert M. Shalvoy, MD, hosted a welcome reception amid wine tasting, hors d'oeuvres, and a silent auction. The social festivities also included a night at the National Infantry Museum and BBQ and Bluegrass on the lawn.
Click Here to Submit a Story and/or a Picture Remembering Dr. Hughston
For more information:
Click Here
A formal reception will NOT be held during the 2015 AOSSM meeting. Stayed tuned for reception information in 2016.
HomeAbout Hughston ClinicCommunityHistoryLeadershipLocationsMission
About Hughston FoundationMissionSupport Our MissionBoard and StaffCommunity SupportHughston Society
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The Hughston Clinic Main Office
6262 Veterans Pkwy
Columbus, Georgia 31908-9517
Main Number:706-324-6661
Toll Free:1-800-331-2910
Hughston Surgical Center
Columbus, Georgia 31909
Main Number:706-494-3434
Albany Office
117 Oakland Parkway
Leesburg, Georgia 31763
Auburn Office
161 E. University Drive
Auburn, Alabama 36832
Dothan Office
512 North Shady Lane
Dothan, Alabama 36303
Jack Hughston Memorial Hospital
4401 River Chase Dr
Phenix City, AL 36867-7483
Phone: 334-732-3000
Fax: 334-732-3020
LaGrange Office
107 Calumet Center Road
LaGrange, Georgia 30240
Moultrie Office
207 31st Avenue SE
Moultrie, Georgia 31768
Thomaston Office
522 North Center Street
Thomaston, Georgia 30286
Fax: 706-646-4373
Thomasville Office
202 South Madison Street
Thomasville, Georgia 31792
Valdosta Office
4340 King's Way
Valdosta, Georgia 31602
Copyright © 2015 Hughston Clinic Site design by SCORR Marketing


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Nokia Audio Pad
Nokia Audio Pad is an audio player that instantly plays back any of your MP3 AAC or WAV files instantly + retrigger & loop options. Assign sounds to your keypad. A great DJs tool.
OSIC(Open Software Innovation Center)
OSIC commits and delivers the best of Offshore outsourcing services - we bring substantial savings and highest quality of offshore software development capabilities.
Open CGI
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Open Source Persistent World for NWN2
Open Source Persistent World is a Neverwinter Nights 2 project under the Open Source Artistic License that will provide Persistent World Builders components they can mix and match into their worlds. All parts are optional and interoperable.
OpenMoco is an open-source motion control project for time-lapse photographers and videographers. For more information, see www.openmoco.org
Organik trakker
A new generation of trakkers based on portable open-source engine and a set of user-friendly front-ends. You don't like existing trakkers? Create your one with existing engine!
Os Magnumis
Os Magnumis started as a tabletop RPG. This is the C++, command line version of the game.
PIC 18F C language Tutorial
A set of easy to use C language tutorials for the PIC 18F processors. The primary target audiance is 12-18 year old students with no programming experiance.
POLDistro, provides the official scripts distribution of POL (Ultima Online) server emulator.
PearDisk is a command interpreter for MS-DOS compatible systems written mainly in BASIC. The concept came from Apple's ProDOS (Apple IIc) however it has changed over the time that I have independently developed it. I have decided to release it here if
Pixel Commandos
Pixel Commandos is a 2D battle game in the same genre as "scorched earth" and "worms". During each battle you control a squad of 'commandos' who vary in skills, stats and weapons. Battles will be turn based.
a proyect for computer science students
irc panel administrative, communication and relation personal.
Project Backup Manager
"Project Backup Manager" is mainly created for "MS Visual Studio" but it is useful for all other applications: 3DMax, JBuilder, Flash, Photoshop..etc
Project Bluecore
project blue core is currently in recruiting we are a db addon for ascent mangos and will need help with other db
RDF Dictionary for the legal world
Development of an RDF Dictionary, which is to enable the exchange of legal data with XML across languages and jurisdictions. The project is hosted by Lexml Germany and Lexml Netherlands.
Redux is a coded videoclip from de suriname democrew called parbo.
RPG Character Classes
Set of Java classes for representing a character in an RPG
A test Project for Creating an XML editor based on an XSD in JS
Real Estate Manager
A real estate agent management application incorporating lead prospecting tools, a buyer/seller contact database, sale process and workflow, campaign management and other functions. Developed in C#, backend mySQL and/or SQL2000.
Revolution is an extremely stable Java based Runescape private server, completely invunerable to crashers and flooders.
Rising Tide Online
Rising Tide Online will begin as a 2d Fantasy/Sci-fi MMORPG. Later a patch will be released that transforms it into 3d. The game will have many jobs that you can progress through, a realtime battle system similar to that of Zelda games.
Royal Hawaiian Chess Set - eGame
Need programmer to insert our design characters into existing 3D Chess Game and title "Royal Hawaiian Chess the e-Game" we own the Trademark and design patent.
This is a site for the development of a hotel type level for Jazz Jackrabbit 2 created in JCS. This site is used to organize bugs that require fixing, planned ideas, and current versions of the files required to run the level in a JJ2 version 1.23 client
S60 word for smartphones
The aim of this project is to develop an application for S60 based smart phones which can convert Microsoft word document to plaintext (PT) and portable document format (PDF).


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motion typography
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Motion Graphics/Typography...lyrics to match song. It's a parody of a well known song, all text & music supplied, you just have to put it together. Preferable that you're using Motion in FCS (2) so that you can forward the project file when complete. This is for an independently funded pilot, so budget is tight, but if picked up there would be ongoing work at full rate.
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Skip to comments.Colorado Democrats push for big election changes (Same Day Registration Voting)
Posted on 04/08/2013 5:18:34 PM PDT by Red Steel
DENVER Colorado Democrats are planning sweeping changes to how elections are run in the state, to the dismay of Republican leaders who say they've been excluded from crafting a bill that that would allow same-day voter registration and require mailed ballots to every eligible voter.
A bill of more than 100 pages is expected to be introduced this week, likely sparking a big partisan fight over whether the changes benefit one party over the other.
Supporters of the changes, which also include eliminating the so-called "inactive voter" status, say the goal is to make voting more accessible.
"I think people are like me, they just want people engaged in the Democratic process," said Democratic Sen. Angela Giron, one of the bill sponsors. She insisted they didn't exclude Republicans from the process.
Republican Secretary of State Scott Gessler, who oversees elections and has butted heads with Democrats on a range of issues, said the bill was "written in complete secrecy excluding anyone who may have a different point of view."
Giron said the proposed changes in Colorado were not meant to favor either party.
"I don't think it's a Democrat or Republican issue," Giron said. "I think Republicans want voters to vote, too."
But some Republicans view the bill as Democratic strong-arming, now that Democrats control the Legislature after two years of split-party rule.
"It's just a continuation of the overreach that they've engaged in in this legislative session," Waller said.
(Excerpt) Read more at aspentimes.com ...
Voter fraud is on a roll in America. Our elections have become a circus. A real freak show.
That would be so zenophobic.
Colorado commies at work.
It's been that way for a while. Problem is, nobody EVER goes to jail. When they fear 10 years behind bars then maybe, maybe it will stop. But I am not optimistic.
Please welcome MASSIVE vote fraud, Colorado! The final step of Kalifornication.
Info - 30 days left in this crappy legislative session.
They know the gun grab will have big coat tails, so they simply plan to steal the election with voter fraud.
Very bad.
Same day registration is a crime against American voters. There is absolutely NO EXCUSE for anyone to register to vote on election day. NONE! Same day registration is only an opportunity to take advantage of the confusion and screw ups we have been referring to as our "elections".
Same Day Grave Yard Registration.
I utterly despise Democrats.
Exactly. What's going to happen to the black lady who boldly proclaimed how she voted 5 times for Obama in the last election. NOTHING will happen to her.
Colo went blue very quickly, They went from Bush +5 in 2004 to Baraq +5 in 2012. They are also now Dem House, Dem Senate, and Dem Governor.
That's not a good sign for a lot of other states.
Demographics is killing us.
I'm giving CO one election cycle to get their {expletive} together. If we can get rid of chickenlooper via recall or in the next election and get someone in there who really cares about CO rather than bending over for his east-coast party buddies...and we can wrest control of the legislature from the 'rats...and it looks like they aren't RINOs...and yes I *will* work to make all this happen. If I see these things happening, then I'll stay, otherwise I'm outta here for TX, maybe AZ.
Mailed ballots to every registered voter is a formula for cheating.
Does anyone think these people won't vote again and again?
Colorado .... infected by Californicate immigrants and going down the tubes like Oregon and Washington.
Best of luck, but the Progressive sickness is similar to gangrene .... you just keep chopping off parts until there is nothing left and the patient dies.
Have become? For decades our elections have been wrought with fraud. Chicago is a prime example where Rats stuffed ballot boxes with ballots from dead voters and found "lost" ballot boxes full of Rat votes. The very last thing that RAts want is free and fair elections because they know that the people do not want their agenda.
We have a serious communist infection in this state.
anything anyone does to not support the pub candidate in an election is guilty of aiding and abetting the enemy.
I despise what they have done to this state. Makes me want to move.
They're doing this in anticipation of the upcoming betrayal by Congress when it legalizes 30 million illegals, making them eligible to vote. Fat-cat , short-sighted republican banker types colluding with corrupt, low-information voter seeking Democrats, both are devaluing our worth as American citizens.
Time for Conservatives to fight this as a clear attempt to promote vote fraud.
Colorado is experiencing what California and NY has. A huge conversion of Democrats to communists Democrats. Colorado if finished, they just don't know it yet.
Signing their own DW.
It's time we return the favor...
Yeah, anymore a vote for a Dim is a vote for a Communist/Socialist. Mostly, you now vote against someone and what they stand for, not vote for someone and what they stand for. There is little to no positive choice anymore. Feels like shaking your first against the tempest... Action, but action in vain...
All-mail voting was implemented in WA a few years back. It has consolidated the rat grip on the state.
Well if you can't beat em join em I say.
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Rent Dark the Night, Wild the Sea 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Kate Brown. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Westminster John Knox Press.
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Most Cited Speech Communication Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Recognising realistic emotions and affect in speech: State of the art and lessons learnt from the first challengeBjörn Schuller | Anton Batliner | Stefan Steidl | Dino Seppi
Volume 53, Issues 9-10, November 2011, Pages 1062-1087
More than a decade has passed since research on automatic recognition of emotion from speech has become a new field of research in line with its 'big brothers' speech and speaker recognition. This article attempts to provide a short overview on where we are today, how we got there and what this can reveal us on where to go next and how we could arrive there. In a first part, we address the basic phenomenon reflecting the last fifteen years, commenting on databases, modelling and annotation, the unit of analysis and prototypicality. We then shift to automatic processing including discussions on features, classification, robustness, evaluation, and implementation and system integration. From there we go to the first comparative challenge on emotion recognition from speech - the INTERSPEECH 2009 Emotion Challenge, organised by (part of) the authors, including the description of the Challenge's database, Sub-Challenges, participants and their approaches, the winners, and the fusion of results to the actual learnt lessons before we finally address the ever-lasting problems and future promising attempts. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Automatic speech emotion recognition using modulation spectral featuresSiqing Wu | Tiago H. Falk | Wai Yip Chan
Volume 53, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 768-785
In this study, modulation spectral features (MSFs) are proposed for the automatic recognition of human affective information from speech. The features are extracted from an auditory-inspired long-term spectro-temporal representation. Obtained using an auditory filterbank and a modulation filterbank for speech analysis, the representation captures both acoustic frequency and temporal modulation frequency components, thereby conveying information that is important for human speech perception but missing from conventional short-term spectral features. On an experiment assessing classification of discrete emotion categories, the MSFs show promising performance in comparison with features that are based on mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and perceptual linear prediction coefficients, two commonly used short-term spectral representations. The MSFs further render a substantial improvement in recognition performance when used to augment prosodic features, which have been extensively used for emotion recognition. Using both types of features, an overall recognition rate of 91.6% is obtained for classifying seven emotion categories. Moreover, in an experiment assessing recognition of continuous emotions, the proposed features in combination with prosodic features attain estimation performance comparable to human evaluation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Emotion recognition using a hierarchical binary decision tree approachChi Chun Lee | Emily Mower | Carlos Busso | Sungbok Lee | Shrikanth Narayanan
Volume 53, Issues 9-10, November 2011, Pages 1162-1171
Automated emotion state tracking is a crucial element in the computational study of human communication behaviors. It is important to design robust and reliable emotion recognition systems that are suitable for real-world applications both to enhance analytical abilities to support human decision making and to design human-machine interfaces that facilitate efficient communication. We introduce a hierarchical computational structure to recognize emotions. The proposed structure maps an input speech utterance into one of the multiple emotion classes through subsequent layers of binary classifications. The key idea is that the levels in the tree are designed to solve the easiest classification tasks first, allowing us to mitigate error propagation. We evaluated the classification framework on two different emotional databases using acoustic features, the AIBO database and the USC IEMOCAP database. In the case of the AIBO database, we obtain a balanced recall on each of the individual emotion classes using this hierarchical structure. The performance measure of the average unweighted recall on the evaluation data set improves by 3.37% absolute (8.82% relative) over a Support Vector Machine baseline model. In the USC IEMOCAP database, we obtain an absolute improvement of 7.44% (14.58%) over a baseline Support Vector Machine modeling. The results demonstrate that the presented hierarchical approach is effective for classifying emotional utterances in multiple database contexts. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Design, analysis and experimental evaluation of block based transformation in MFCC computation for speaker recognitionMd Sahidullah | Goutam Saha
Volume 54, Issue 4, May 2012, Pages 543-565
Standard Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) computation technique utilizes discrete cosine transform (DCT) for decorrelating log energies of filter bank output. The use of DCT is reasonable here as the covariance matrix of Mel filter bank log energy (MFLE) can be compared with that of highly correlated Markov-I process. This full-band based MFCC computation technique where each of the filter bank output has contribution to all coefficients, has two main disadvantages. First, the covariance matrix of the log energies does not exactly follow Markov-I property. Second, full-band based MFCC feature gets severely degraded when speech signal is corrupted with narrow-band channel noise, though few filter bank outputs may remain unaffected. In this work, we have studied a class of linear transformation techniques based on block wise transformation of MFLE which effectively decorrelate the filter bank log energies and also capture speech information in an efficient manner. A thorough study has been carried out on the block based transformation approach by investigating a new partitioning technique that highlights associated advantages. This article also reports a novel feature extraction scheme which captures complementary information to wide band information; that otherwise remains undetected by standard MFCC and proposed block transform (BT) techniques. The proposed features are evaluated on NIST SRE databases using Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) based speaker recognition system. We have obtained significant performance improvement over baseline features for both matched and mismatched condition, also for standard and narrow-band noises. The proposed method achieves significant performance improvement in presence of narrow-band noise when clubbed with missing feature theory based score computation scheme. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The importance of phase in speech enhancementKuldip Paliwal | Kamil Wójcicki | Benjamin Shannon
Volume 53, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 465-494
Typical speech enhancement methods, based on the short-time Fourier analysis-modification-synthesis (AMS) framework, modify only the magnitude spectrum and keep the phase spectrum unchanged. In this paper our aim is to show that by modifying the phase spectrum in the enhancement process the quality of the resulting speech can be improved. For this we use analysis windows of 32 ms duration and investigate a number of approaches to phase spectrum computation. These include the use of matched or mismatched analysis windows for magnitude and phase spectra estimation during AMS processing, as well as the phase spectrum compensation (PSC) method. We consider four cases and conduct a series of objective and subjective experiments that examine the importance of the phase spectrum for speech quality in a systematic manner. In the first (oracle) case, our goal is to determine maximum speech quality improvements achievable when accurate phase spectrum estimates are available, but when no enhancement is performed on the magnitude spectrum. For this purpose speech stimuli are constructed, where (during AMS processing) the phase spectrum is computed from clean speech, while the magnitude spectrum is computed from noisy speech. While such a situation does not arise in practice, it does provide us with a useful insight into how much a precise knowledge of the phase spectrum can contribute towards speech quality. In this first case, matched and mismatched analysis window approaches are investigated. Particular attention is given to the choice of analysis window type used during phase spectrum computation, where the effect of spectral dynamic range on speech quality is examined. In the second (non-oracle) case, we consider a more realistic scenario where only the noisy spectra (observable in practice) is available. We study the potential of the mismatched window approach for speech quality improvements in this non-oracle case. We would also like to determine how much room for improvement exists between this case and the best (oracle) case. In the third case, we use the PSC algorithm to enhance the phase spectrum. We compare this approach with the oracle and non-oracle matched and mismatched window techniques investigated in the preceding cases. While in the first three cases we consider the usefulness of various approaches to phase spectrum computation within the AMS framework when noisy magnitude spectrum is used, in the fourth case we examine the usefulness of these techniques when enhanced magnitude spectrum is employed. Our aim (in the context of traditional magnitude spectrum-based enhancement methods) is to determine how much benefit in terms of speech quality can be attained by also processing the phase spectrum. For this purpose, the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) short-time spectral amplitude (STSA) estimates are employed instead of noisy magnitude spectra. The results of the oracle experiments show that accurate phase spectrum estimates can considerably contribute towards speech quality, as well as that the use of mismatched analysis windows (in the computation of the magnitude and phase spectra) provides significant improvements in both objective and subjective speech quality - especially, when the choice of analysis window used for phase spectrum computation is carefully considered. The mismatched window approach was also found to improve speech quality in the non-oracle case. While the improvements were found to be statistically significant, they were only modest compared to those observed in the oracle case. This suggests that research into better phase spectrum estimation algorithms, while a challenging task, could be worthwhile. The results of the PSC experiments indicate that the PSC method achieves better speech quality improvements than the other non-oracle methods considered. The results of the MMSE experiments suggest that accurate phase spectrum estimates have a potential to significantly improve performance of existing magnitude spectrum-based methods. Out of the non-oracle approaches considered, the combination of the MMSE STSA method with the PSC algorithm produced significantly better speech quality improvements than those achieved by these methods individually. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Benefits and challenges of real-time uncertainty detection and adaptation in a spoken dialogue computer tutorKate Forbes-Riley | Diane Litman
Volume 53, Issues 9-10, November 2011, Pages 1115-1136
We evaluate the performance of a spoken dialogue system that provides substantive dynamic responses to automatically detected user affective states. We then present a detailed system error analysis that reveals challenges for real-time affect detection and adaptation. This research is situated in the tutoring domain, where the user is a student and the spoken dialogue system is a tutor. Our adaptive system detects uncertainty in each student turn via a model that combines a machine learning approach with hedging phrase heuristics; the learned model uses acoustic-prosodic and lexical features extracted from the speech signal, as well as dialogue features. The adaptive system varies its content based on the automatic uncertainty and correctness labels for each turn. Our controlled experimental evaluation shows that the adaptive system yields higher global performance than two non-adaptive control systems, but the difference is only significant for a subset of students. Our system error analysis indicates that noisy affect labeling is a major performance bottleneck, yielding fewer than expected adaptations thus lower than expected performance. However, the percentage of received adaptation correlates with higher performance over all students. Moreover, when uncertainty is accurately recognized and adapted to, local performance is significantly improved. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Speaking-aid systems using GMM-based voice conversion for electrolaryngeal speechKeigo Nakamura | Tomoki Toda | Hiroshi Saruwatari | Kiyohiro Shikano
Volume 54, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 134-146
An electrolarynx (EL) is a medical device that generates sound source signals to provide laryngectomees with a voice. In this article we focus on two problems of speech produced with an EL (EL speech). One problem is that EL speech is extremely unnatural and the other is that sound source signals with high energy are generated by an EL, and therefore, the signals often annoy surrounding people. To address these two problems, in this article we propose three speaking-aid systems that enhance three different types of EL speech signals: EL speech, EL speech using an air-pressure sensor (EL-air speech), and silent EL speech. The air-pressure sensor enables a laryngectomee to manipulate the F 0 contours of EL speech using exhaled air that flows from the tracheostoma. Silent EL speech is produced with a new sound source unit that generates signals with extremely low energy. Our speaking-aid systems address the poor quality of EL speech using voice conversion (VC), which transforms acoustic features so that it appears as if the speech is uttered by another person. Our systems estimate spectral parameters, F 0, and aperiodic components independently. The result of experimental evaluations demonstrates that the use of an air-pressure sensor dramatically improves F 0 estimation accuracy. Moreover, it is revealed that the converted speech signals are preferred to source EL speech. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
SNR loss: A new objective measure for predicting the intelligibility of noise-suppressed speechJianfen Ma | Philipos C. Loizou
Volume 53, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 340-354
Most of the existing intelligibility measures do not account for the distortions present in processed speech, such as those introduced by speech-enhancement algorithms. In the present study, we propose three new objective measures that can be used for prediction of intelligibility of processed (e.g.; via an enhancement algorithm) speech in noisy conditions. All three measures use a critical-band spectral representation of the clean and noise-suppressed signals and are based on the measurement of the SNR loss incurred in each critical band after the corrupted signal goes through a speech enhancement algorithm. The proposed measures are flexible in that they can provide different weights to the two types of spectral distortions introduced by enhancement algorithms, namely spectral attenuation and spectral amplification distortions. The proposed measures were evaluated with intelligibility scores obtained by normal-hearing listeners in 72 noisy conditions involving noise-suppressed speech (consonants and sentences) corrupted by four different maskers (car, babble, train and street interferences). Highest correlation (r = -0.85) with sentence recognition scores was obtained using a variant of the SNR loss measure that only included vowel/consonant transitions and weak consonant information. High correlation was maintained for all noise types, with a maximum correlation (r = -0.88) achieved in street noise conditions. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Automatic speech recognition for under-resourced languages: A surveyLaurent Besacier | Etienne Barnard | Alexey Karpov | Tanja Schultz
Volume 56, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 85-100
Speech processing for under-resourced languages is an active field of research, which has experienced significant progress during the past decade. We propose, in this paper, a survey that focuses on automatic speech recognition (ASR) for these languages. The definition of under-resourced languages and the challenges associated to them are first defined. The main part of the paper is a literature review of the recent (last 8 years) contributions made in ASR for under-resourced languages. Examples of past projects and future trends when dealing with under-resourced languages are also presented. We believe that this paper will be a good starting point for anyone interested to initiate research in (or operational development of) ASR for one or several under-resourced languages. It should be clear, however, that many of the issues and approaches presented here, apply to speech technology in general (text-to-speech synthesis for instance). © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Spoofing and countermeasures for speaker verification: A surveyZhizheng Wu | Nicholas Evans | Tomi Kinnunen | Junichi Yamagishi | Federico Alegre | Haizhou Li
Volume 66, Issue , January 2015, Pages 130-153
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.While biometric authentication has advanced significantly in recent years, evidence shows the technology can be susceptible to malicious spoofing attacks. The research community has responded with dedicated countermeasures which aim to detect and deflect such attacks. Even if the literature shows that they can be effective, the problem is far from being solved; biometric systems remain vulnerable to spoofing. Despite a growing momentum to develop spoofing countermeasures for automatic speaker verification, now that the technology has matured sufficiently to support mass deployment in an array of diverse applications, greater effort will be needed in the future to ensure adequate protection against spoofing. This article provides a survey of past work and identifies priority research directions for the future. We summarise previous studies involving impersonation, replay, speech synthesis and voice conversion spoofing attacks and more recent efforts to develop dedicated countermeasures. The survey shows that future research should address the lack of standard datasets and the over-fitting of existing countermeasures to specific, known spoofing attacks.
Text-dependent speaker verification: Classifiers, databases and RSR2015Anthony Larcher | Kong Aik Lee | Bin Ma | Haizhou Li
Volume 60, Issue , January 2014, Pages 56-77
The RSR2015 database, designed to evaluate text-dependent speaker verification systems under different durations and lexical constraints has been collected and released by the Human Language Technology (HLT) department at Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) in Singapore. English speakers were recorded with a balanced diversity of accents commonly found in Singapore. More than 151 h of speech data were recorded using mobile devices. The pool of speakers consists of 300 participants (143 female and 157 male speakers) between 17 and 42 years old making the RSR2015 database one of the largest publicly available database targeted for text-dependent speaker verification. We provide evaluation protocol for each of the three parts of the database, together with the results of two speaker verification system: the HiLAM system, based on a three layer acoustic architecture, and an i-vector/PLDA system. We thus provide a reference evaluation scheme and a reference performance on RSR2015 database to the research community. The HiLAM outperforms the state-of-the-art i-vector system in most of the scenarios. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Causal-anticausal decomposition of speech using complex cepstrum for glottal source estimationThomas Drugman | Baris Bozkurt | Thierry Dutoit
Volume 53, Issue 6, July 2011, Pages 855-866
Complex cepstrum is known in the literature for linearly separating causal and anticausal components. Relying on advances achieved by the Zeros of the Z-Transform (ZZT) technique, we here investigate the possibility of using complex cepstrum for glottal flow estimation on a large-scale database. Via a systematic study of the windowing effects on the deconvolution quality, we show that the complex cepstrum causal-anticausal decomposition can be effectively used for glottal flow estimation when specific windowing criteria are met. It is also shown that this complex cepstral decomposition gives similar glottal estimates as obtained with the ZZT method. However, as complex cepstrum uses FFT operations instead of requiring the factoring of high-degree polynomials, the method benefits from a much higher speed. Finally in our tests on a large corpus of real expressive speech, we show that the proposed method has the potential to be used for voice quality analysis. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evaluating the intelligibility benefit of speech modifications in known noise conditionsMartin Cooke | Catherine Mayo | Cassia Valentini-Botinhao | Yannis Stylianou | Bastian Sauert | Yan Tang
Volume 55, Issue 4, May 2013, Pages 572-585
The use of live and recorded speech is widespread in applications where correct message reception is important. Furthermore, the deployment of synthetic speech in such applications is growing. Modifications to natural and synthetic speech have therefore been proposed which aim at improving intelligibility in noise. The current study compares the benefits of speech modification algorithms in a large-scale speech intelligibility evaluation and quantifies the equivalent intensity change, defined as the amount in decibels that unmodified speech would need to be adjusted by in order to achieve the same intelligibility as modified speech. Listeners identified keywords in phonetically-balanced sentences representing ten different types of speech: plain and Lombard speech, five types of modified speech, and three forms of synthetic speech. Sentences were masked by either a stationary or a competing speech masker. Modification methods varied in the manner and degree to which they exploited estimates of the masking noise. The best-performing modifications led to equivalent intensity changes of around 5 dB in moderate and high noise levels for the stationary masker, and 3-4 dB in the presence of competing speech. These gains exceed those produced by Lombard speech. Synthetic speech in noise was always less intelligible than plain natural speech, but modified synthetic speech reduced this deficit by a significant amount. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Auditory model based direction estimation of concurrent speakers from binaural signalsMathias Dietz | Stephan D. Ewert | Volker Hohmann
Volume 53, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 592-605
Humans show a very robust ability to localize sounds in adverse conditions. Computational models of binaural sound localization and technical approaches of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation also show good performance, however, both their binaural feature extraction and the strategies for further analysis partly differ from what is currently known about the human auditory system. This study investigates auditory model based DOA estimation emphasizing known features and limitations of the auditory binaural processing such as (i) high temporal resolution, (ii) restricted frequency range to exploit temporal fine-structure, (iii) use of temporal envelope disparities, and (iv) a limited range to compensate for interaural time delay. DOA estimation performance was investigated for up to five concurrent speakers in free field and for up to three speakers in the presence of noise. The DOA errors in these conditions were always smaller than 5°. A condition with moving speakers was also tested and up to three moving speakers could be tracked simultaneously. Analysis of DOA performance as a function of the binaural temporal resolution showed that short time constants of about 5 ms employed by the auditory model were crucial for robustness against concurrent sources. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Phonotactic and phrasal properties of speech rhythm. Evidence from Catalan, English, and SpanishPilar Prieto | Maria Del Mar Vanrell | Lluïsa Astruc | Elinor Payne | Brechtje Post
Volume 54, Issue 6, July 2012, Pages 681-702
The goal of this study is twofold: first, to examine in greater depth the claimed contribution of differences in syllable structure to measures of speech rhythm for three languages that are reported to belong to different rhythmic classes, namely, English, Spanish, and Catalan; and second, to investigate differences in the durational marking of prosodic heads and final edges of prosodic constituents between the three languages and test whether this distinction correlates in any way with the rhythmic distinctions. Data from a total of 24 speakers reading 720 utterances from these three languages show that differences in the rhythm metrics emerge even when syllable structure is controlled for in the experimental materials, at least between English on the one hand and Spanish/Catalan on the other, suggesting that important differences in durational patterns exist between these languages that cannot simply be attributed to differences in phonotactic properties. In particular, the vocalic variability measures nPVI-V, ΔV, and VarcoV are shown to be robust tools for discrimination above and beyond such phonotactic properties. Further analyses of the data indicate that the rhythmic class distinctions under consideration finely correlate with differences in the way these languages instantiate two prosodic timing processes, namely, the durational marking of prosodic heads, and pre-final lengthening at prosodic boundaries. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Robustness of spectro-temporal features against intrinsic and extrinsic variations in automatic speech recognitionBernd T. Meyer | Birger Kollmeier
Volume 53, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 753-767
The effect of bio-inspired spectro-temporal processing for automatic speech recognition (ASR) is analyzed for two different tasks with focus on the robustness of spectro-temporal Gabor features in comparison to mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Experiments aiming at extrinsic factors such as additive noise and changes of the transmission channel were carried out on a digit classification task (AURORA 2) for which spectro-temporal features were found to be more robust than the MFCC baseline against a wide range of noise sources. Intrinsic variations, i.e., changes in speaking rate, speaking effort and pitch, were analyzed on a phoneme recognition task with matched training and test conditions. The sensitivity of Gabor and MFCC features against various speaking styles was found to be different in a systematic way. An analysis based on phoneme confusions for both feature types suggests that spectro-temporal and purely spectral features carry complementary information. The usefulness of the combined information was demonstrated in a system using a combination of both types of features which yields a decrease in word-error rate of 16% compared to the best single-stream recognizer and 47% compared to an MFCC baseline. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Application of speaker- and language identification state-of-the-art techniques for emotion recognitionMarcel Kockmann | Lukáš Burget | Jan Honza Černocký
Volume 53, Issues 9-10, November 2011, Pages 1172-1185
This paper describes our efforts of transferring feature extraction and statistical modeling techniques from the fields of speaker and language identification to the related field of emotion recognition. We give detailed insight to our acoustic and prosodic feature extraction and show how to apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling techniques on top of it. We focus on different flavors of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), including more sophisticated approaches like discriminative training using Maximum-Mutual-Information (MMI) criterion and InterSession Variability (ISV) compensation. Both techniques show superior performance in language and speaker identification. Furthermore, we combine multiple system outputs by score-level fusion to exploit the complementary information in diverse systems. Our proposal is evaluated with several experiments on the FAU Aibo Emotion Corpus containing non-acted spontaneous emotional speech. Within the Interspeech 2009 Emotion Challenge we could achieve the best results for the 5-class task of the Open Performance Sub-Challenge with an unweighted average recall of 41.7%. Further additional experiments on the acted Berlin Database of Emotional Speech show the capability of intersession variability compensation for emotion recognition. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Gesture and speech in interaction: An overviewPetra Wagner | Zofia Malisz | Stefan Kopp
Volume 57, Issue , January 2014, Pages 209-232
Gestures and speech interact. They are linked in language production and perception, with their interaction contributing to felicitous communication. The multifaceted nature of these interactions has attracted considerable attention from the speech and gesture community. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of manual and head gesture form and function, of the principle functional interactions between gesture and speech aiding communication, transporting meaning and producing speech. Furthermore, we present an overview of research on temporal speech-gesture synchrony, including the special role of prosody in speech-gesture alignment. In addition, we provide a summary of tools and data available for gesture analysis, and describe speech-gesture interaction models and simulations in technical systems. This overview also serves as an introduction to a Special Issue covering a wide range of articles on these topics. We provide links to the Special Issue throughout this paper. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Speech enhancement using a minimum mean-square error short-time spectral modulation magnitude estimatorKuldip Paliwal | Belinda Schwerin | Kamil Wójcicki
Volume 54, Issue 2, February 2012, Pages 282-305
In this paper we investigate the enhancement of speech by applying MMSE short-time spectral magnitude estimation in the modulation domain. For this purpose, the traditional analysis-modification-synthesis framework is extended to include modulation domain processing. We compensate the noisy modulation spectrum for additive noise distortion by applying the MMSE short-time spectral magnitude estimation algorithm in the modulation domain. A number of subjective experiments were conducted. Initially, we determine the parameter values that maximise the subjective quality of stimuli enhanced using the MMSE modulation magnitude estimator. Next, we compare the quality of stimuli processed by the MMSE modulation magnitude estimator to those processed using the MMSE acoustic magnitude estimator and the modulation spectral subtraction method, and show that good improvement in speech quality is achieved through use of the proposed approach. Then we evaluate the effect of including speech presence uncertainty and log-domain processing on the quality of enhanced speech, and find that this method works better with speech uncertainty. Finally we compare the quality of speech enhanced using the MMSE modulation magnitude estimator (when used with speech presence uncertainty) with that enhanced using different acoustic domain MMSE magnitude estimator formulations, and those enhanced using different modulation domain based enhancement algorithms. Results of these tests show that the MMSE modulation magnitude estimator improves the quality of processed stimuli, without introducing musical noise or spectral smearing distortion. The proposed method is shown to have better noise suppression than MMSE acoustic magnitude estimation, and improved speech quality compared to other modulation domain based enhancement methods considered. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Characterization of atypical vocal source excitation, temporal dynamics and prosody for objective measurement of dysarthric word intelligibilityTiago H. Falk | Wai Yip Chan | Fraser Shein
Volume 54, Issue 5, June 2012, Pages 622-631
Objective measurement of dysarthric speech intelligibility can assist clinicians in the diagnosis of speech disorder severity as well as in the evaluation of dysarthria treatments. In this paper, several objective measures are proposed and tested as correlates of subjective intelligibility. More specifically, the kurtosis of the linear prediction residual is proposed as a measure of vocal source excitation oddity. Additionally, temporal perturbations resultant from imprecise articulation and atypical speech rates are characterized by short- and long-term temporal dynamics measures, which in turn, are based on log-energy dynamics and on an auditory-inspired modulation spectral signal representation, respectively. Motivated by recent insights in the communication disorders literature, a composite measure is developed based on linearly combining a salient subset of the proposed measures with conventional prosodic parameters. Experiments with the publicly-available 'Universal Access' database of spastic dysarthric speech (10 patient speakers; 300 words spoken in isolation, per speaker) show that the proposed composite measure can achieve correlation with subjective intelligibility ratings as high as 0.97; thus the measure can serve as an accurate indicator of dysarthric speech intelligibility. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Anger recognition in speech using acoustic and linguistic cuesTim Polzehl | Alexander Schmitt | Florian Metze | Michael Wagner
Volume 53, Issues 9-10, November 2011, Pages 1198-1209
The present study elaborates on the exploitation of both linguistic and acoustic feature modeling for anger classification. In terms of acoustic modeling we generate statistics from acoustic audio descriptors, e.g. pitch, loudness, spectral characteristics. Ranking our features we see that loudness and MFCC seem most promising for all databases. For the English database also pitch features are important. In terms of linguistic modeling we apply probabilistic and entropy-based models of words and phrases, e.g. Bag-of-Words (BOW), Term Frequency (TF), Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF.IDF) and the Self-Referential Information (SRI). SRI clearly outperforms vector space models. Modeling phrases slightly improves the scores. After classification of both acoustic and linguistic information on separated levels we fuse information on decision level adding confidences. We compare the obtained scores on three different databases. Two databases are taken from the IVR customer care domain, another database accounts for a WoZ data collection. All corpora are of realistic speech condition. We observe promising results for the IVR databases while the WoZ database shows lower scores overall. In order to provide comparability between the results we evaluate classification success using the f1 measurement in addition to overall accuracy figures. As a result, acoustic modeling clearly outperforms linguistic modeling. Fusion slightly improves overall scores. With a baseline of approximately 60% accuracy and.40 f1-measurement by constant majority class voting we obtain an accuracy of 75% with respective.70 f1 for the WoZ database. For the IVR databases we obtain approximately 79% accuracy with respective.78 f1 over a baseline of 60% accuracy with respective.38 f1. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A comparison of procedures for the calculation of forensic likelihood ratios from acoustic-phonetic data: Multivariate kernel density (MVKD) versus Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM)Geoffrey Stewart Morrison
Volume 53, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 242-256
Two procedures for the calculation of forensic likelihood ratios were tested on the same set of acoustic-phonetic data. One procedure was a multivariate kernel density procedure (MVKD) which is common in acoustic-phonetic forensic voice comparison, and the other was a Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) which is common in automatic forensic voice comparison. The data were coefficient values from discrete cosine transforms fitted to second-formant trajectories of /a/, /e/, /o/, /a/, and // tokens produced by 27 male speakers of Australian English. Scores were calculated separately for each phoneme and then fused using logistic regression. The performance of the fused GMM-UBM system was much better than that of the fused MVKD system, both in terms of accuracy (as measured using the log-likelihood-ratio cost, Cllr) and precision (as measured using an empirical estimate of the 95% credible interval for the likelihood ratios from the different-speaker comparisons). © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Multitaper MFCC and PLP features for speaker verification using i-vectorsMd Jahangir Alam | Tomi Kinnunen | Patrick Kenny | Pierre Ouellet | Douglas O'Shaughnessy
Volume 55, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 237-251
In this paper we study the performance of the low-variance multi-taper Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and perceptual linear prediction (PLP) features in a state-of-the-art i-vector speaker verification system. The MFCC and PLP features are usually computed from a Hamming-windowed periodogram spectrum estimate. Such a single-tapered spectrum estimate has large variance, which can be reduced by averaging spectral estimates obtained using a set of different tapers, leading to a so-called multi-taper spectral estimate. The multi-taper spectrum estimation method has proven to be powerful especially when the spectrum of interest has a large dynamic range or varies rapidly. Multi-taper MFCC features were also recently studied in speaker verification with promising preliminary results. In this study our primary goal is to validate those findings using an up-to-date i-vector classifier on the latest NIST 2010 SRE data. In addition, we also propose to compute robust perceptual linear prediction (PLP) features using multitapers. Furthermore, we provide a detailed comparison between different taper weight selections in the Thomson multi-taper method in the context of speaker verification. Speaker verification results on the telephone (det5) and microphone speech (det1, det2, det3 and det4) of the latest NIST 2010 SRE corpus indicate that the multi-taper methods outperform the conventional periodogram technique. Instead of simply averaging (using uniform weights) the individual spectral estimates in forming the multi-taper estimate, weighted averaging (using non-uniform weights) improves performance. Compared to the MFCC and PLP baseline systems, the sine-weighted cepstrum estimator (SWCE) based multitaper method provides average relative reductions of 12.3% and 7.5% in equal error rate, respectively. For the multi-peak multi-taper method, the corresponding reductions are 12.6% and 11.6%, respectively. Finally, the Thomson multi-taper method provides error reductions of 9.5% and 5.0% in EER for MFCC and PLP features, respectively. We conclude that both the MFCC and PLP features computed via multitapers provide systematic improvements in recognition accuracy. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Toward automating a human behavioral coding system for married couples' interactions using speech acoustic featuresMatthew P. Black | Athanasios Katsamanis | Brian R. Baucom | Chi Chun Lee | Adam C. Lammert | Andrew Christensen | Panayiotis G. Georgiou | Shrikanth S. Narayanan
Volume 55, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 1-21
Observational methods are fundamental to the study of human behavior in the behavioral sciences. For example, in the context of research on intimate relationships, psychologists' hypotheses are often empirically tested by video recording interactions of couples and manually coding relevant behaviors using standardized coding systems. This coding process can be time-consuming, and the resulting coded data may have a high degree of variability because of a number of factors (e.g.; inter-evaluator differences). These challenges provide an opportunity to employ engineering methods to aid in automatically coding human behavioral data. In this work, we analyzed a large corpus of married couples' problem-solving interactions. Each spouse was manually coded with multiple session-level behavioral observations (e.g.; level of blame toward other spouse), and we used acoustic speech features to automatically classify extreme instances for six selected codes (e.g.; "low" vs. "high" blame). Specifically, we extracted prosodic, spectral, and voice quality features to capture global acoustic properties for each spouse and trained gender-specific and gender-independent classifiers. The best overall automatic system correctly classified 74.1% of the instances, an improvement of 3.95% absolute (5.63% relative) over our previously reported best results. We compare performance for the various factors: across codes, gender, classifier type, and feature type. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Impact of vocal effort variability on automatic speech recognitionPetr Zelinka | Milan Sigmund | Jiri Schimmel
Volume 54, Issue 6, July 2012, Pages 732-742
The impact of changes in a speaker's vocal effort on the performance of automatic speech recognition has largely been overlooked by researchers and virtually no speech resources exist for the development and testing of speech recognizers at all vocal effort levels. This study deals with speech properties in the whole range of vocal modes - whispering, soft speech, normal speech, loud speech, and shouting. Fundamental acoustic and phonetic changes are documented. The impact of vocal effort variability on the performance of an isolated-word recognizer is shown and effective means of improving the system's robustness are tested. The proposed multiple model framework approach reaches a 50% relative reduction of word error rate compared to the baseline system. A new specialized speech database, BUT-VE1, is presented, which contains speech recordings of 13 speakers at 5 vocal effort levels with manual phonetic segmentation and sound pressure level calibration. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


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Railroads confront crude safety
BILLINGS, Mont. -- Railroads that haul volatile crude shipments have reached an agreement with U.S. transportation officials to adopt wide-ranging, voluntary safety measures as a result of deadly crashes.
The agreement between the U.S. Transportation Department and the Association of American Railroads calls for railroads to slow down oil trains from 50 to 40 miles per hour through major cities, inspect tracks more frequently and bolster emergency response planning along routes that carry trains hauling up to 3 million gallons of crude each.
The new safety steps would begin going into effect in late March and be fully in place by July 1.
After a boom in domestic drilling in recent years, oil trains now travel thousands of miles from oil producing areas, including the Northern Plains, to coastal refineries and shipping terminals along the Mississippi River and other major waterways.
The agreement does not resolve concerns over another fuel, ethanol, that has also seen a spate of accidents as production has increased. It also leaves out tens of thousands of flawed tank cars that carry crude and ethanol and are known to split open during derailments. Railroads and federal officials said they would address that issue separately.
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No.19 Image Shown 471750 Minimax CH Flow Valve Assembly Used On Pentair Purex Minimax CH and NT Pool Heaters. Does Not Fit Purex Minimax Plus Heaters, See Pn 471424. This is the Automatic Bypass Assembly Used On Purex Minimax Heaters. One Piece Brass and Stainless Steel Piece Inserts On The Right Side of The I/O Header, or Front Manifold. When Broken, Too Much Water Bypasses or Enters The Heater Resulting In Poor Performance or Damage to The Heater. 471750 Can also be found on Minimax CH Parts Pages
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IMPORTANT Dates:
Jun 05 - Jul 31 -- OPEN Registration, $55
Aug 01 - Sep 10 -- LATE Registration, $75
**NEW Registers' add $15 Uniform fee **
Aug 13 -- Skills Day for NEW & Returning Athletes / Initial Field Set up
Aug 20 -21 -- PUMA Tournament for Rec+ Teams
Aug 29 -- Teams Finalized at Coaches Meeting Final Field Set up
Sep 03 -- Labor Day weekend!!
Sep 10 - First Saturday Games of F2016
Sep 10 - EARLY Registration for Spring 2017
Sep 17 - TEAM & Individual Photos by Varsity Photography
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Oct 22 - Hurricanes Tournament for U8s - U18s
Oct 22 - Last day of EARLY Register for S2017
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Oct 29 - Reserved for a Canceled Game Day, due to bad weather!
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Huntertown Lions Soccer
Huntertown Lions Club Soccer program, the Hurricanes, is a Non-Profit & volunteer based youth program for our community. All Board Members and Coaches are Volunteers. We provide fields, instructional material, balls, training pinnies, training cones and 1st Aid kit for all our coaches. Also, coaches are encouraged to attend and help out, to get hands-on training at our Academy practices to add to their wealth of knowledge of soccer and coaching!
whether you call iT soccer or football, we love this game. we think you and your child will, too.
Established in 1981, Huntertown Lions Soccer is a Recreational soccer academy for boys and girls 18 years and younger. Whether you want to introduce your Lil' Cub or Striker to his/her first sport, or help your established athlete make the High School Team or Travel Team, we're here to help you succeed.
Our fields are located at the Allen County Fairgrounds, 2726 Carroll Road. Which includes a full-sided field for U18s, 3 short sided fields for U13s, U12s& U10s, 2 small youth fields for U8s and 4 extra small fields for U6s.
Our U8-U18s Recreational program has at least one practice per week with an optional Academy practice. Then games are played Saturday mornings from 8:30-1:30. U6-U7s have an Academy style practice for 15-30mins then a game for 30-45mins on Saturday morning. U6-U7s may also attend Academy practice for 30mins during the week
--Recreational/Instructional league
· Competitive for ages 4-18 or age groups U6 thru U18
· Girls divisions (females only) and Co-ed divisions*
· U6 also received a size 3 ball
· U8-U18 Athletes are Randomized on Teams to challenge players and coaches for close competition during Saturday morning games and end of season tournament
· Saturday games (6 weeks in the Fall @ $55, 6 weeks in the Spring @ $55)
· Tournament Games an additional week beyond the 6 weeks for U8-U18 tournament)
· One practice per week (excluding U6, they have 20-30min Academy style practice Saturday mornings)
· All receive uniform kits include Home/Away jersey, shorts, and socks
· IYSA membership
· In-need scholarships available (download form)
· Discounts to Volunteer Coordinators
· Participation awards to all
--Rec+ competitive league
· These athletes will play on 2 teams (house Rec team and Rec+ team)
· They will have at least 2 practices per week
· We will set up friendly and sanctioned games against other Clubs in the area
· Rec+ teams will compete in the Puma tournament in the Fall and Shoot for a Cure tournament in the Spring
--Academy Practice
· For Athletes & Coaches
· Optional Academy practice program U6s-U7s practice for 30mins - U8s-U18s practice for 1hr15mins, this is an extra individual skills training and mentoring for athletes and coaches
* Co-ed divisions may be just male, but depend on the number of female registrations
Huntertown Lions Soccer © Copyright


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2 die of injuries from car crashJuly 16,2013STOCKBRIDGE An elderly couple has died of injuries suffered a car crash last month in Stockbridge.
Police said the car being driven by 89-year-old Henry Maxham of Rochester crashed on Route 107 on June 16. Maxham and a passenger, 91-year-old Doris Bowen of Rochester, both were injured. Police said Maxham had fallen asleep while driving.
Police said Maxham died on July 4 of complications from his injuries. Bowen died on July 1, also of complications from injuries suffered in the crash.
Police are still investigating the crash.MORE IN This Just InMONTPELIER A pending deal between the state and federal governments will give a big boost to... Full StoryWOODFORD A North Carolina man was killed when his motorcycle crashed Friday morning in a... Full StoryMANCHESTER Voters will be asked at town meeting to allow the use of $15,000 from a reserve... Full Story
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Thank you for those beautiful, exquisite fashion photos of Tara Lynn and Robyn Lawley.
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