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Goodbye Quotes and Sayings
He lied to me once, then lied to me twice, but the third time it was goodbye.
A goodbye isn't painful unless you're never going to say hello again.
Sometimes you might need to cut off your finger in order to save your hand.
People will never understand. Never forget what happened. Always take a side. They will never know the real story, what we had, and what was lost. What was gained and what will never be spoken of again. This maybe the end to one good story, but the beginning to an even better one.
If "goodbye" is just a word..Then why am I collapsed on the ground holding your hand, crying, and begging with all my might…for you to not leave me?
I never wanted things to be like the way they turned out but they did and now I'm moving on, goodbye.
I don't see whats so great about "Goodbye" There's nothing "good" about it…I mean, You're gone now…Aren't you?
I really don't like saying "hello" Only because I know there's going to be a sad "goodbye" in the end.
Say "goodbye" only means there's a better "hello" on its way.
When we say "goodbye" I hope that one day maybe someway we can say "hello" again.
To say goodbye, is just let go of someone or something you can't keep forever, But remember when you do…That one "goodbye" has to mean two "hello's".
"Goodbye" is the beginning of a new "hello".
Saying goodbye to someone… Just means that there's a hello waiting around the corner.
Saying goodbye is like saying hello to what you never wanted to happen.
Saying goodbye is like loosing a part of yourself.
If only watching people leave your life was as easy as watching them come in.
People seem to think that saying goodbye can make it either better or worse. I think that it puts you in that uncomfortable middle, the grey area where you can't decide if you want to hit something or cry in their arms just one last time. No matter what way it happens its hard to let go and I don't think I will ever forget you.
Every person has a reason to let someone go, it's an unspoken rule; people leave and enter your life so quickly you barely have the chance to make it worth it. The problem is your reason will never be justified. Your reason was cynical and vain. And no matter what happens you are always the one that left. Goodbye doesn't explain how much I hope to never see you again.
A goodbye will only hurt if you truly loved the person in the first place.
If saying goodbye hurts so much, why do we say goodbye? Because it hurts so much more to keep holding on to something that isn't there. Like you're hanging off a ledge and someone is jumping up and down on your hands but you still can't let go. Like when you're little and you're being tickled…you shout for it to stop because it's torture, but then you go back for more, because somehow being tickled makes you feel safe and special. Holding on is like that…but the torture is painful…and it doesn't make you smile. That's why we're supposed to say goodbye. That's why we're meant to let go.


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24 IN Compact Washer / Dryer Combo
Consumer Reports' latest tests of washers and laundry detergents yielded some great buys���and a long list of products that do little more than help yo... Read More
### We bought our LG combination ventless washer/dryer, model WM3455HW, I think about 9 months ago as of February 2010. We bought from Number 1 direct.com. We are living full time in a 5th wheel rv, thus preferring a compact and ventless option that coul...d run on the voltage and amperage limitations of our unit and the RV site connection. After reading all the reviews on the web regarding the other makes and models available, we decided on this model (Canadian version) and make. As you will find out in other reviews, you need to understand that this type of washer/dryer does not work like the conventional American dryer. We strongly suggest buying as extensive and extended a warranty as possible, since not every washer and dryer repairman will understand this unit. So far we have had no issues. You must install it on a solid floor, leveled, on top of a drain pan that comes out a few inches in front of and around the unit and is connected to a working drain, since you will be cleaning the drain pump filter at least twice a month. Even though the drain pump, filter has a drain hose, the water comes out of the filter as well. The drain pump is located on the front of the unit, on the bottom left. Make sure the filter and hose are properly sealed. You also will need to clean around the door seal and the door glass after every load, since the unit does not have any other lint filter. We keep a box of non-alcoholic baby wipes nearby for this easy job, which is now as routine as setting the next wash. You can also "tub clean" the unit every month, per the instructions, which we have yet to do. The water inlet also has a filter that can be cleaned if you have hard water issues. Please understand that it may take 4 to 6 hours to wash and dry your one load of clothes. Some of this time can be shortened, since part of it is "cool down". "Cool Down" is automatic and it will periodically tumble for up to 4 hours, before then notifying you with a musical set of notes and unlocking the door. When the unit displays this message, press any key and it will stop the load and unlock the door, allowing access to your laundry. We suggest taking the load out soon after it reaches the start of "cool down". Please understand that this washer cannot handle the load of clothes you may shove into a commercial washing machine. When the start button is pressed, the washer weighs the load and calculates the wash time based on your wash preferences. The amount of time estimated will display, along with the weight. The capacity of the machine to wash clothes is twice the capacity to dry, so you will need to experiment with smaller loads until you find what works for you. The more clothes you load into it, the more wrinkled they may end up. We personally have found that the normal dry setting is too hot and cooks the wrinkles into the clothes to an extent I have never seen before, so we set all of our loads to "damp" or "low temp". We prefer the damp setting, and most of the time this, along with fabric softener, dries the clothes without wrinkling them as bad as normal. When you first open the unit and take the clothes out, the air will feel damp, but they will quickly dry completely out in a couple minutes (unless you overloaded the washer). I cannot remember the recommended load weight for this washer, but I think it is around 5-6 lbs, with 4 lbs as a normal load. Look it up, because I may be wrong. You will end up ironing or steam ironing everything that comes out of the unit if you don't dry with as low temperature as possible and take out the clothes as soon as the drying cycle is complete and the "cool down" cycle is starting. (Please note that if the temperature is too high in the unit, the unit will not unlock until it cools down). Now we are used to the extra work of steam ironing and are learning how to avoid most of that problem. Due to the small capacity, you will have to wash your laundry more often, perhaps every 2 to 3 days. I would recommend this washer/dryer for a couple or an individual, but not for a large family or someone who generates an undue amount of laundry. We can fit at least 2 pants, 2 shirts, 2 pairs of socks and underwear, and a few other items in the load at one time. Your load needs room to tumble, especially since this works with less water. Also note that you will need high efficiency detergent. You also need to use he fabric softener in almost every load to avoid excessive wrinkling. We also recommend setting your wash to finish before you go to bed, since you may or may not be able to hear the unit. Leveling is important, since this unit can be rather noisy while spinning. Having it thrash around due to too many clothes or an unlevel unit can eventually damage the unit (as can be the case with any washer or dryer). This unit has allowed us to have a washer and dryer in our small recreational vehicle, giving us the time back that we were losing at the local laundrymat. You can set the time you want the load to start washing, and you don't have to move it to a dryer for the load to dry...which also saves you time. (You will still have to wash your comforter and other large items in a commercial washing machine). We are pleased with the unit and are happy to recommend it to others. Read more Less
### We bought our unit online at Applicance Connection. If you buy an appliance buy it from a store! Our unit arrived broken and we have been battling LG for 2 months, 8 services call later, they are still "reviewing" our case! While the concept of the a...ll in one is awesome, LG is a nightmare. Their customer support is shameful and we are suffering! Used up a week of vacation to deal with all of the service calls and still no resolution! Buy from brick and mortar where they will take care of their customers and NOT make you deal directly with the manufacturer. SHAMEFUL! Read more Less
Dryer Combo. Bestcovery's experts recommend the best products and services for a particular need based on extensive research and evaluations. Click below to see Bestcovery's full review of this product. Read more
Find, Compare, Read Reviews & Buy the WM3455HW LG 24 Compact Washer / Dryer Combo" Online @ Yahoo Shopping Want to see your products in Yahoo Shopping? Advertise with us. Sitemap All Brands
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Can water infrastructure help Lesotho build a more climate-resilient future?
Water is one of the country's greatest natural resources. A new report based on SEI analysis shows new projects can boost domestic water security without compromising water exports.
How can Asian cities better manage air quality?
A major conference in South Korea highlights the need for a systematic approach to tackling air pollution – and highlights tools and resources to help cities take action.
Planning for increased water demands and a changing climate in Argentina
In Argentina's Comahue region, SEI is helping figure out how to best supply various water needs as climate change affects precipitation and temperature.
Q&A: Lauri Tammiste – the new Centre Director for SEI Tallinn
Lauri Tammiste sees cooperation between SEI centres and partners as key to the success of SEI Tallinn as well as the global SEI network.
Farewell to a 'gentle soul' committed to climate justice
A long-time friend and collaborator of SEI's Sivan Kartha, Paul Baer co-founded the think tank EcoEquity and co-authored the Greenhouse Development Rights framework.
Energy for Tomorrow: Paris, 3-4 November
Where are the opportunities for business as companies and governments move to reduce carbon impact? Who will gain as a result? And how can business innovation nurture the burgeoning green economy?
Wastewater is the new black!
A new joint SEI-UNEP book highlights how sanitation and wastewater management can catalyse sustainable development
Nailing down the numbers on impacts of oil and gas subsidy reform
As pressure mounts globally for countries to end fossil fuel subsidies, a reliable assessment of the potential impacts on investment and industry finances will be crucial to guide policy.
Managing environmental systems
Growing populations, rapid urbanization and increased consumption put unprecedented pressure on land, water and air resources. We show how to manage these resources together to protect food security, human health and biodiversity.
climate risk
Emissions of greenhouse gases are built into our economic systems. Our research shows the benefits of a low-carbon future and describes how we get there by mitigating and adapting to climate change.
Transforming governance
The social, institutional and political setting is vital for improving livelihoods, sustain- ability and resilience. We provide insights into good governance for sustainable develop- ment in the face of social and ecological change.
Rethinking development
The global economy has brought welfare and prosperity to the world. But it has also depleted natural resources and vital ecosystem services. We set out alternatives for a sustainable future, from the planetary scale down to local, on-the-ground solutions.


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About kpetrovski : Music Composer, University educated pianist, taken, Doctor Who fanatic.
kpetrovski's FML badges
One more and it's business time
You've received 68 likes on your profile. Kinky.
Santa Claus
You've looked for Santa absolutely everywhere, and you managed to find him. Well done!
You read an FML that mentions a badge, and in return you've been awarded a badge. A badge inside a badge.
kpetrovski's favorite FMLs
Today, during a heated argument with my son, I lost my temper and called him a son of a bitch. He enthusiastically agreed. FML
by Anonymous / 07/23/2016 at 7:04pm / United States (Georgia) / Miscellaneous
Today, my dad might be dead. I'm basing this solely on the fact that he hasn't called recently to verbally abuse me as he often does. He constantly beat me as a child, yet now I'm kind of worried for the piece of shit. FML
by Anonymous / 06/29/2016 at 10:42am / United States (Wisconsin) / Miscellaneous
Today, my boyfriend took me to get the abortion that we both agreed on. He was being so supportive through the whole thing. When it was all over I thanked him for coming. He replied, "Well that's what got us here in the first place!" He's still mad he can't tell anyone his joke. FML
by thatgirl / 06/18/2016 at 5:19pm / Canada (British Columbia) / Intimacy
Today, I was eating breakfast when my little brother goes, "Mommy, what do you do for a living?" and my mom says "I'm a headmaster", and my dad goes, "Oh yeah she is." FML
by Anonymous / 06/07/2016 at 10:09pm / United States (New York) / Intimacy
Today, I went for a three-mile run. I was really proud of myself until I woke up from my dream in my bed, surrounded by empty soda bottles and fast food bags. I haven't worked out in years. FML
by Ew / 05/26/2016 at 9:02am / United States (District of Columbia) / Miscellaneous
Today, while waiting in line with my 4-year-old son, I had to awkwardly apologize to an African-American gentleman and explain to my son that the man was not made out of chocolate. FML
by BenFiggy / 04/21/2016 at 9:28am / United States (New Jersey) / Kids
Today, my 2-year-old daughter started showing signs of understanding the potty training concept. She announced to my mother-in-law that she needed to go potty, only to be flatly told, "No, you don't." So she crapped herself. Now it's going to take forever to train her. FML
by Disgruntled / 03/16/2016 at 8:01am / United States (Michigan) / Kids
Today, my boyfriend got so baked, he thought I was in the washing machine. I came downstairs to find him sitting in a puddle of soaking wet clothes, crying about where I was. FML
by cutiecuppiecakez / 02/29/2016 at 4:04pm / United States (California) / Miscellaneous
Today, the only thing that kept me hard during sex with my wife was thinking about my own naked body. FML
by weirdoe / 02/07/2016 at 4:17am / Italy (Sicilia) / Intimacy
Today, I got a new roommate. He's from Mongolia. He has had 5 friends over for the last 7 hours, all speaking Mongolian. This is the most awkward party I have ever been to. FML
by Sittinginthecorner / 01/20/2016 at 12:42am / United States (Missouri) / Miscellaneous
Today, I found out if a tree falls in the forest and there's nobody around, it does in fact make a sound, and also $5,000 worth of damage to your truck. FML
by Anonymous / 01/20/2016 at 12:05am / United States (New Mexico) / Miscellaneous
Today, my girlfriend actually slept with one of the celebrities on her "5 celebrities we're allowed to sleep with" list. FML
by Anonymous / 01/14/2016 at 7:51am / Australia / Intimacy
Today, I visited my boyfriend's uncle's house for a party. His 8 year old cousin started asking if I like penis, so my reaction was to laugh, spitting my drink on her and her new dress. She can't pronounce peanuts, and I can't visit anymore. FML
by me / 01/02/2016 at 3:25am / United States (Louisiana) / Kids
Today, I had to explain to my boyfriend about the importance of foreplay, and that attempting to get me "in the mood" by whipping his cock out and air humping was roughly equivalent to throwing a dry teabag at me and claiming he made a cup of tea. FML
by Anonymous / 10/16/2015 at 11:05am / United Kingdom (Hampshire) / Intimacy
Today, I heard a noise outside in the middle of the night, so I went out for a look. I'm also pregnant and can't stop farting. I get 2 steps outside and accidentally let a huge one rip, then, from the shadows I hear "Oh my god!" and then running in the opposite direction. I farted away a prowler. FML
by Gassy / 09/21/2015 at 10:45am / Australia (New South Wales) / Miscellaneous


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For 2016-09-28 00:00:00
- Retail: $59.99
- PS.net Price: $31.50
- Sale Price: $26.95 each
by AllMax Nutrition
Pre-workout Energy and Pump Complex
AllMax Nutrition's performance maximizer contains a number of ingredients to support a productive workout, including creatine monohydrate (and creatine HCl) for cell volumization and consequent strength support, agmatine sulfate for muscle pump, beta alanine for endurance support, plus hordenine, yohimbine, and caffeine for their stimulant content.
|* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


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The final destination for the free-agent rightfielder is the primary focus of Phillies fans right now.
We don't really know where the Jayson Werth issue ranks on Ruben Amaro Jr.'s list of things to do or how much money he has to do it, but we can safely assume it's at least a notch above returning phone calls from outsiders trying to find out the inside agenda at One Citizens Bank Way.
Amaro will head to the general managers' meetings Monday in Orlando with that information held tight to his chest. He admitted that sometimes trade talks don't start to develop until these meetings with his GM peers.


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Status: CLOSEDRegistration Open Until Tuesday, November 12, 2013
Tour of the Maternal Child Health Unit 7pm (44)
Tuesday, November 12, 2013 7:00 PM - 8:00 PM
Tours of the Maternal Child Health units occur on the second and fourth Tuesday of every month. Tour lasts for approximately one hour. The tour begins at 7 p.m. It departs from the hospital's East Lobby promptly at 7 p.m. At the start of the tour, one of our staff members will greet you, show you through the unit and answer questions for you and your family. Registration is required. If you are registering for more than one person, please write the name of your spouse/companion(s) in the "Company" field. Please Note: If you are scheduled for the All Day Childbirth Class a tour is included.


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News By Tag
Industry News
News By Location
Industry News
Barry G. Fowler, EA And Taxation Solutions To Sponsor Rick Santorum Event
Tax resolution expert Barry Fowler and Taxation Solutions are excited to be sponsoring a speaking event featuring former U.S. Senator and Presidential candidate Rick Santorum.
The event will be taking place on October 15th at Morris Cultural Arts Center-Dunham Theater at Houston Baptist University. The event will begin at 7:30pm preceded by a VIP Reception with Rick Santorum. For event and ticket information, please visit http://www.1070knth.com/
Former U.S. Senator and candidate for the 2012 Republican Party Presidential nomination, Rick Santorum is universally recognized as a steadfast leader and defender of the first principles upon which our nation was founded. Advocating a vision for our nation rooted in tradition through family and nurtured by empowering the individual, Rick is a tireless and unapologetic advocate of American values and exceptionalism. Rick champions the intrinsic value of the human person as the founding principle of conservatism.
Because of his expertise and contributions to his profession, Barry Fowler will be featured as one of America's PremierExperts®
About Barry Fowler:
Barry Fowler is licensed to represent taxpayers before the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and is a longstanding member of several tax industry professional organizations including the National Association of Enrolled Agents (NAEA), National Association of Tax Preparers (NATP), Texas Society of Enrolled Agents (TSEA), and the American Society of Tax Problem Solvers (ASTPS). With experience in the tax and finance industry spanning over twenty years, Fowler's expertise includes tax resolution, personal financial planning, tax return preparation, financial statements, and general ledger bookkeeping. He has been instrumental in helping hundreds of people resolve complex tax issues with the IRS.
Fowler's Taxation Solutions, Inc. reaches out to people throughout the entire United States. With a genuine concern for the IRS issues his clients face, he states, "We are here to help them (clients) fight the IRS. We are experts in this industry and our knowledge surpasses most tax firms. We will do what we say we will do. We do not give our clients empty promises and we stand behind the promises we make. We look at each case objectively and honestly convey to our clients their best options. We have been highly successful in exceeding our clients' expectations."
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UB Jazz Ensembles
Dave Schiavone, director.
Date: This event ended on
Cost: Free
Venue: University at Buffalo Baird Recital Hall
Slee Hall, North Campus, Amherst.
Slee Hall, North Campus, Amherst.
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India and Russia "have more or less reached an agreement" on the price of modernising Admiral Gorshkov, the Russian aircraft carrier renamed INS Vikramaditya.
"We have agreed on a satisfactory price tag," a senior government official involved in the deal said, but declined further details. There is, however, "only one sticking point", so the final deal may not be inked during Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's three-day visit to Russia, which began on Sunday.
This deal has been held up as the Russian side has been demanding a massive increase over the 2004 contract price of $1.5 billion (Rs 7,200 crore).
Singh would also meet Prime Minister Vladimir Putin under whose Presidency the two countries had established the strategic partnership in 2000.
N-deal with Russia
The two sides are expected to sign landmark framework agreement on nuclear cooperation on Monday. It is a more forward looking agreement than the 123 pact with the US.
It will ensure that fuel supply agreements for ongoing projects will not be affected even if the pact has to be terminated for any reason.
On David Headley
The Americans have indicated that they have found leads linking David Headley to the 26/11 attacks, the senior official said. "A Federal Bureau of Investigations team will arrive in India tomorrow (Monday), but at this stage, we don't know what they'll bring."
Role in Afghanistan
"We're already training Afghan army officers, non-commissioned officers and medical personnel... This will continue, as per the requirements of the Afghanistan government. But nobody has asked us to send troops to that country," another official said.
Rajkhowa's surrender
He has given no indication that he is willing to talk, but if he is, we will consider it. But there can be no negotiations on the so-called "sovereignty of Assam" or the integrity of India.


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Edinboro women nearly beat Bonaventure
ST. BONAVENTURE, N.Y. -- Jordan McGee sunk a jumper with 5.2 seconds left to give the St. Bonaventure women a 63-62 win over Edinboro in an exhibition game Saturday.
St. Bonaventure, the defending Atlantic 10 champions, trailed the entire second half before the Bonnies ripped off a 13-5 run over the last 5 minutes, capped off by McGee's 15-footer.
Edinboro had broken a 59-59 tie with 11/2 minutes remaining when Kiara Brown nailed a 3-pointer from the wing.
Brown finished with 17 points, behind Samantha Blazetic, who led the Scots with 18.
Edinboro streched its lead to 10 on three separate occasions and led at halftime, 33-29.
Saturday's loss was the second in as many exhibition games for the Scots, who lost to Notre Dame 88-28 Thursday.
Doris Ortega had 20 points for St. Bonaventure.


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American Red Cross volunteers assisted two North Charleston families on Monday after their homes were damaged in an apartment fire.
North Charleston firefighters are investigating the blaze that ignited in an apartment building on Dorchester Manor Boulevard, officials said.
One unit received major damage in the fire. One adult and four children lived in the home, officials said.
Red Cross volunteers provided the family with food, clothing, personal hygiene items and money for temporary lodging, officials said.
The Red Cross also provided funds for a mother and daughter who were also displaced in the fire. That family's unit received minor damage, officials said.
Reach Christina Elmore at 937-5908 or at Twitter.com/celmorePC.


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• The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History was developed for research studies of schizophrenia spectrum conditions and affective spectrum conditions. It is designed to provide a comprehensive information base concerning current and past signs and symptoms, premorbid functioning, cognitive functioning, sociodemographic status, treatment, and course of illness. Because the information base is broad, it is not wedded to a specific diagnostic system but rather permits clinicians and investigators to make diagnoses using a wide range of systems, including Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and the International Classification of Diseases. Given the fact that disorders in psychiatry are not defined at the etiological or pathophysiological level, diagnostic criteria are prone to ongoing revision as our knowledge base changes. Research strategies suggest that investigators should maintain a flexible database to permit them to adapt to changes in diagnostic systems, to do comparative nosological studies, and, ultimately, to develop new diagnostic systems based on knowledge concerning the underlying neurobiological nature of disorders. Because it provides a comprehensive information base, the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History facilitates research of this type. Extensive developmental work has been done with the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History, including interrater and test-retest reliability studies, validity studies, training programs, and data entry programs.
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What are the best ways/places to CC your gun?
Tools and Technologies
Handguns: Revolvers
> What are the best ways/places to CC your gun?
September 14, 2008, 07:10 PM
Please indicate if you are talking about large people or small people when you reply.
Thank you
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September 14, 2008, 07:23 PM
It really depends on what is the most comfortable to you. I like mine at about the three o'clock position. When I carry a 1911 I tend to go a little further back, more toward the four o'clock position. Small of the back is a bad idea to me. I am not a big guy
September 14, 2008, 08:44 PM
There are way too many variables here for you to make a determination based on replies on a gun board. The best thing for you to do is to try some configurations based on personal preferences: IWB v. pocket carry v. ankle v. shoulder, etc. Experiment a bit. Visit your local FFL guy and solicit some advice; most gun dealers will be happy to show you some variations that you can try on in their store so that you aren't buying a hundred different options online.
You'll narrow it down before long and make an educated purchase instead of a wild stab in the dark.
September 14, 2008, 10:54 PM
I am a bigger type, and HATE IWB.
Then again, I can pocket carry a Jframe in my slacks.
And I also like Open Carry, but if I had to conceal something big, I would be tempted to get a photo vest and shoulder holster.
September 14, 2008, 11:04 PM
I'm large enough so that I don't like to carry IWB. I carry a Airweight J frame in my front pocket. At only 15 oz. I can carry all day without a problem. That is best for me. give it a try, you will probably like it... In the winter the same revolver in the same pocket holster gets transferred to my coat pocket.
September 14, 2008, 11:49 PM
Well I am a big guy but don't carry all that often becuase it is uncomfortable. Also I don't like pocket carry becuase I wear jeans everyday. Does anyone have a solution to that without making major changes?
September 15, 2008, 12:08 AM
Wherever I go, whatever I do, my 642 comes with me. It is always in my front pocket and I am a believer in wearing jeans whenever possible and always carrying while wearing them. I dont even notice anymore but if for some reason my pocket is empty I immediately notice it.
September 15, 2008, 02:03 AM
I wear jeans to and my M642 sits fine in my front pocket. I'm currently using a Mike round cut pocket holster. I never leave home without it!!
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Razio Yamata is one of Japan's most influential industrialists, and part of a relatively small group of authority who wield tremendous authority in the Pacific Rim's economic powerhouse.
He has devised a plan to cripple the American greatness, humble the US military, and elevate Japan to a position of dominance on the world stage.
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|This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the ExFAT article.
This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject.
Article policies
|WikiProject Computing / Software
|(Rated C-class, Low-importance)
|WikiProject Microsoft Windows / Computing
|(Rated C-class, Mid-importance)
- 1 Patent details
- 2 Support in Linux
- 3 How max cluster size may be greather than max file size?
- 4 2^255 cluster size, that's great :)
- 5 Windows Server 2008
- 6 Merge with File Allocation Table?
- 7 Difference between "free space bitmap" and regular?
- 8 Support in Vista with SP2?
- 9 Contradictory size limits
- 10 Invalid Patent
- 11 Why not NTFS?
- 12 exFAT aka FAT64. FAT64?!?
- 13 exFAT project
- 14 Merger proposal
- 15 Suited especially for USB flash drives?
- 16 New Apple Computers
- 17 Add comparative speed differences: FAT > exFAT>> NTFS
- 18 Partitions created OS X 10.6.5 are inaccessible from Windows 7
- 19 References
- 20 Operating System Specifications
- 21 Specifications?
- 22 Devices capable to read exFAT
- 23 "As in FAT, when creating a file of known length, exFAT must perform a complete physical write equal to the size of the file."
- 25 Article gives readers wrong impression, conflicts with related articles, needs significant rework
- 26 exFAT is now GPL2! :-D
- 27 ExFAT and TRIM
- 28 Files not recognized by some devices with large exFAT-formatted USB flash drives
- 29 Flash Friendly Issues
- 30 Number of Files per directory
Patent details[edit]
There are numerous patents describes in the article. It would be nice if someone knowledgeable about patents could explain the reach of these US patents internationally and when they will expire, in the US and abroad.
--Hans Deragon 2014-12-13 09:38:28 EDT
Support in Linux[edit]
Please work with this: http://lwn.net/Articles/348825/ (my english is not to storng for this job) Thanks! 27 Aug 2009
We need to say that Microsoft company didn't released exfat file system spcecifications. And i think Linux support is very experimental and it's not good to use for every day. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kesrut (talk • contribs) 11:04, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
- Agreed, and done. BabelStone (talk) 11:38, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
Added a sentence to the end of the appropriate part of the restrictive patents section referencing the current working FUSE based extfs driver for Linux. I know my addition needs work, was wondering if someone more knowledgeable about this driver might shed some light as to how complete it is as data is scarce. I know it's good enough to be in Ubuntu's main repository. https://code.google.com/p/exfat/ Insidious611 (talk) 18:43, 29 September 2014 (UTC)
How max cluster size may be greather than max file size?[edit]
--Dojarca 14:25, 9 October 2007 (UTC)
- Why not? It's not a contradiction. They may very well have designed it that way. Unsound (talk) 04:59, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
No idea, yet it hasn't been updated in Microsoft's Connect site; so unless it's being beta tested inhouse; who knows.. Many beta tester's including myself think that it may be dead. :( —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 21:29, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
2^255 cluster size, that's great :)[edit]
it has to be 2^25 i think, because 2^25=32MB
--126.96.36.199 (talk) 12:18, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
- I agree that it does look a little weird, but look here [1] and you'll see that they too say that theoretically the FAT64 file system supports cluster sizes of up to 2^255. I guess they simply felt that oversizing one particular field in a header in order to absolutely guarantee future-proofness is a minor waste of space (32 bytes is really nothing). I would guess that the cluster size field is simply 256 bits long. Unsound (talk) 04:57, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
- And I think it's one byte long, but its value means the exponent of 2. So the value 5 would mean 25=32 bytes or perhaps sectors. This would easily explain why the theoretical limit is 2255--Azarien (talk) 10:13, 21 January 2009 (UTC)
- Yes, the 8-bit exponent is documented in the Microsoft patent application now referenced on the main page. Richardguk (talk) 22:47, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
- And I think it's one byte long, but its value means the exponent of 2. So the value 5 would mean 25=32 bytes or perhaps sectors. This would easily explain why the theoretical limit is 2255--Azarien (talk) 10:13, 21 January 2009 (UTC)
The sector size is one byte, and is a power of 2. The largest sector size, as per the current specification is 4096 (2^12). The standard sector size is 512 (2^9). So the value is usually 9. The cluster size is not specified, the largest cluster as per the specification is 32MB (2^25) The number of sectors per cluster is one byte, is a power of 2, and specifies the blocking factor. The two bytes (sector size and blocking factor) must be <=25. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 18:07, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
Windows Server 2008[edit]
I added Win2008 to the initial description but couldn't find an external source...I know it supports it because I just formatted my flash drive with it :-) I suppose I can't use a screenshot of the format screen as a citation... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 14:29, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
- I think there's no need for external sources for things that are easily verifiable by anyone.--Azarien (talk) 10:16, 21 January 2009 (UTC)
- I can verify that. File system driver exists in Windows Server 2008 and there is support in the "format" utility. So it's fully usable. I added it to the info box. Unsound (talk) 04:47, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
- I've just had a go at using an exFAT formatted drive with a Win2008 server and the server didn't want to copy files larger than 4 Gb to it. It may be a local phenomenon but a warning might be in order.
Merge with File Allocation Table?[edit]
All other FAT file systems are listed under the File allocation table article, and I don't think exFAT/FAT64 should be any different. Unsound (talk) 04:43, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
- See #Merger proposal further down. —188.8.131.52 (talk) 17:16, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
Difference between "free space bitmap" and regular?[edit]
Isn't the standard "sectors used" map the same thing as a "free space" map? In one case you are looking at the filled portion of the map. In the other you are looking at the empty portion of the same map.
It's unclear in this article what function an entirely separate free space map provides compared to the regular sector usage map.
DMahalko (talk) 15:14, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
Support in Vista with SP2?[edit]
In the ReadyBoost page it says that Vista (with SP2) will be able to read exFAT. Yet this article says that it isn't able to be read in Vista. Is one wrong? Should this one be edited to reflect the information in the ReadyBoost page? --184.108.40.206 (talk) 19:42, 12 April 2009 (UTC)
- The ReadyBoost article now concurs with this page. BabelStone (talk) 11:38, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
Contradictory size limits[edit]
I've made several tidying updates to the main article, including new footnotes. But there seems to be a contradiction about the file and volume size limits between the specification appended to the patent application and the Knowledge Base article about the exFAT update for XP.
- While implementation limits might reasonably vary, is it really theoretically possible for file sizes to reach 64 ZiB (276 bytes) when the internal DataLength field is a 64-bit byte count?
- Does the 512 TiB recommended limit apply to all current implementations?
Richardguk (talk) 23:01, 4 August 2009 (UTC)
Further on the contradictory size limits, the Microsoft KB talks about theoretical vs. recommended sizes, and say the theoretical limit of FAT32 in Windows XP is 32GB. While this is the limit that XP will format to FAT32, it can still read larger FAT32 volumes made with other tools. I believe 2TB is the limit of FAT32, while 32GB is the recommended limit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 16:02, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
If you read the KB on FAT32 for XP, it states that the maximum volume size of FAT32 is 8TB. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/184006 What they did is take the maximum number of fat index (2^28) times 32KiB and that gives you 8TB. The idiot that wrote the KB did not consider that the BPB was a 32 bit number and FAT32 was restricted to 2^^32 sectors.
In exFAT, as I tried to explain, you have 2^^25 for the max cluster times 2^32 index = 2^57 bytes which is 128PiB. but it I really 2^32 minus 11, so its a little less. Now, to add injury, the current standard is LBA-48, which means you can only address with 48 bits. You can't get 64ZB until someone invents and implements LBA-64, and you still need to increase the size of cluster because the FAT is still 32 bits. So, in the XP KB they blundered the other way and took the 64 bit number in the BPB without looking at what the FS supports.
There is a blog from someone from MS that states when FAT32 development was being done, they did math (as we can see MS can't even do arithmetic) and figured that with a 32K cluster (this ws before 64K clusters were allowed) and a 32GB disk, there would be 1 million FAT entries, and 4 bytes per entry, that is 4mb of FAT. In a heavily allocated disk looking for a free cluster would mean reading 4mb of FAT to find it. FAT doesn't have B-Trees link NTFS, so yes, MS limited FAT32 and created this limit based on projected performance (back with Windows 95 OSR2 which was what? 1999) where I/O was slow.
They I look at it, you have theoretical limits (which in some cases is as relevant as the moon is made of cheese - a theory). Then you have the implementation, which Microsoft says this is realistic, or restricted due to other reasons, or MS puts a governor in to lock it there. An example of restriction could be something like the LBA-48 or something else. But I like to have a middle ground here, because there is theoretical and implementation, and in-between a "architectural" limitation. So, when you get to exFAT size, the maximum file size is Theoretical 16EIB because the length is 64 bits, the architectural length max is 128PIB (approx.) because the file system cannot grow that big, and the implementation is restricted to 512TB because MS limited the file system to that and a file can't be bigger than the FS.
This leaves us to cut through the noise and dothe mth nd show that there are contractions, why they are they, and what the numbers should be - we need to show out math — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 06:38, 1 June 2014 (UTC)
Invalid Patent[edit]
A section should be added which outlines the enormous amounts of prior art that exist that invalidates this patent. Either way NO PATENTED TECHNOLOGY should be ALLOWED to be made a STANDARD. This happened with GIFs and people are retarded to think this won't hurt them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 13:41, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
- That definitely doesn't warrant a whole section. And I'm not sure it warrants inclusion at all. This is a descriptive article, and while everyone loves to complain about software patents (in many cases for good reason), whining about it on Wikipedia in every case is petty, and not particularly encyclopedic. --ShadowRangerRIT (talk) 15:02, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
- I agree. That is a criticism of the patent system (particularly as it exists in the United States), not of exFAT. It doesn't belong here. In any case, who is makign these assertions? It sounds like your view which we are not interested in as per NPOV. CrispMuncher (talk) 20:09, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
- While largely agreeing with CrispMuncher and ShadowRangerRIT, the only thing I will point out is if there is specific reliably sourced criticism of the patents covering ExFAT, in particular allegations that some of the patents are invalid because of prior art, then there may be some merit to mention that in the article. However as I've mentioned this has to be specific and reliably sourced. General comments on how bad the patent system is or how the US or whatever patent office is always granting invalid patents because they fail to uncover prior art are not suitable for this article. And we also have to bear in mind WP:Undue Nil Einne (talk) 04:14, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
- I agree. That is a criticism of the patent system (particularly as it exists in the United States), not of exFAT. It doesn't belong here. In any case, who is makign these assertions? It sounds like your view which we are not interested in as per NPOV. CrispMuncher (talk) 20:09, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
- TRS-DOS 2.0 published by Radio Shack in 1978 may be prior art for at least two of the independent claims of US 2009/0164440 A1, and probably some of the dependent claims as well. See my blog entry [2]. --Brouhaha (talk) 06:03, 17 September 2012 (UTC)
Let me point out that US 2009/0164440 A1 is not the exFAT patent. The patent is one on extensible file system, which BTW was approved in 2013. And MS fought hard on that one because there was challenges. US 2009/0164440 A1 is wrongfully being called the exFAT patent because a copy of the specification was included as an appendix. US8583708 B2 (Nov 12, 2013) is the real exFAT patent.
In reading the article, including this section, we are seeing the same kind of gripe, which is all over the internet and I don't think is appropriate here. That is that the open source people are not Happy that a propriety file system is out there and people have to pay for it. They are also unhappy that Linux file systems such as ext2, ext3,and ext4 were not used instead. I just think that this type of complaining should not be here, and it needs to be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 06:47, 1 June 2014 (UTC)
Why not NTFS?[edit]
The article needs to discuss why Microsoft believes a new file system is necessary. Why not just use NTFS? Currently all the article says about this is, "exFAT can be used where the NTFS file system is not a feasible solution, due to data structure overhead," which is not at all clear. Comet Tuttle (talk) 01:00, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
- It would need some sourcing to go along with it, but I suspect much of the "overhead" spoken of relates to permissions, security and ownership data which aren't really necessary on a portable storage medium. —Locke Cole • t • c 02:10, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
- I think Microsoft's statement is based on a marketing decision, not a technical one. System internals, originally by Mark Russinovich, posted a utility NTFSFlp at least eight years ago which modified the NT floppy driver to get out of the way and allow NTFS to format a floppy volume. It worked okay, but there were a few extra seconds of disk writing compared to a FAT file system that seemed lengthy, but really wasn't all that bad. The accompanying technical investigation reported that it seemed as though Microsoft sabotaged format by artificially increasing the minimum size of $LogFile. Naturally, Microsoft no longer offers the utility since they acquired System Internals.[3] The security overhead amounts to just a few clusters on a small NTFS volume. —EncMstr (talk) 06:24, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
- One of the primary reasons is probably the amount of metadata NTFS stores makes it unattractive for smaller volume sizes. There's a knowledge base article on this: [4] which is old enough to consider it worth comparing to HPFS in addition. For a 100Mb partition metdata accounts for 4% of capacity. Reading between the lines and applying common sense it would be even more for smaller drives.
- Also, NTFS is a much more complex standard. Embedded devices would need to be more powerful to deal with that overhead and sofrware development costs much higher. If you keep an eye on the embedded groups you'll see engineers having problems with plain old FAT. Targeting NTFS would be orders of magnitude more complex and also immediately rule out the small microcontrollers with a few kilobytes ROM and perhaps a kilobyte RAM. CrispMuncher (talk) 22:13, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
- I think Microsoft's statement is based on a marketing decision, not a technical one. System internals, originally by Mark Russinovich, posted a utility NTFSFlp at least eight years ago which modified the NT floppy driver to get out of the way and allow NTFS to format a floppy volume. It worked okay, but there were a few extra seconds of disk writing compared to a FAT file system that seemed lengthy, but really wasn't all that bad. The accompanying technical investigation reported that it seemed as though Microsoft sabotaged format by artificially increasing the minimum size of $LogFile. Naturally, Microsoft no longer offers the utility since they acquired System Internals.[3] The security overhead amounts to just a few clusters on a small NTFS volume. —EncMstr (talk) 06:24, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
Thowing in my 2cents. First, look where exFAT came from. Windows CE, which is in the line of embedded systems. They are made to run with very small amounts of memory, low power, and the actual OS is minimized. Windows CE is like Windows, but a different code base. Windows XP embedded is desktop code, but stripped down and customized. (ok, I read about older Windows phones using NTFS for their OS). FAT was the logical choice to provide a lean OS with a smaller footprint, and as I read somewhere, to be able to put the code into firmware - this is the origins of exFAT. Second, look at where exFAT is going. It is considered optimized for flash memory. Today disks, even magnetic disk, but mainly large capacity flash storage AND SSD are leaving the factory pre-formatted as exFAT (and yes, some are still NTFS and even HFS or what ever MAC uses). But one of the major issues in flash is to limit the writes. in exFAT - the FAT is no longer used or updated - unless the FS is fragmented. The bitmap is used for allocation. reading a sector of 4096 BITS (512 bytes) give you allocation status on 4096 clusters, where when using a FAT for allocation, you would have to ready 128K because you needed to look at one 32bit word to determine if one cluster was allocated. This is also part of the performance improvement. And with the SDXC, reduction of limitations - breaking the 4gig barrier. Now, considering 4K TV resolution, recording HDTV is going to send bits like drinking like a firehose, besides the bigger bus (UHS-2) they need a lean filesystem where the overhead doesn't get into the way and slow things down
And one more thing (because I have been reading the SD specs), NTFS still has a largest cluster of 64K, exFAT is 32MiB, and the SD specification actually supports a maximum cluster (they call it an AU - Allocation Unit) of 64Mb. NTFS isn't cutting it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 07:02, 1 June 2014 (UTC)
exFAT aka FAT64. FAT64?!?[edit]
Shouldn't it be pointed out that exFAT is most definitely not a FAT64 and it is not sensible in any way to incorrectly call it FAT64 because FAT64 would be a FAT file-system where the FAT has 64bit entries. As far as I can see exFAT uses 32 bit FAT entries the same as FAT32. (exFAT may use 48 or 64 Bit FAT entries for really big drives -- I don't know because I haven't formatted anything really big as exFAT yet) BrianDGregory (talk) 23:04, 6 March 2010 (UTC) Now done BrianDGregory (talk) 01:15, 15 March 2010 (UTC)
- I agree and finally removed the "FAT64" mentioning from the article. Even if some users seem to like coining new terms, we shouldn't condone this in Wikipedia. The filesystem discussed here is named exFAT. It does not (normally) have 64-bit FAT entries, so calling it FAT64 is wrong even in a technical sense. Also, the internal organization of the filesystem is significantly different from previous FAT filesystems such as FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32, so it really does not belong in this family of filesystems any more. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 04:51, 13 November 2011 (UTC)
This is not going to add anything, but I'll throw in my 2 cents. First - I AGREE, I so agree that I see FAT64 in many other places and it ticks me off. There is no place in ANY Microsoft document, presentation, or even KB that EVER used FAT64 term Based on the specification, the FAT is 32 bits, it doesn't change to 64 bits if the file gets bigger, there just isn't anything in the specification. And by the way, in FAT32, even though the FAT is 32 bits, it is really only 28 bits where the first 4 bits are not used. Maybe a result of the LAB-28 standard, don't know. A 64 bit FAT - even if planned, would be a big problem anyway, because the 64 bit file system size in the BPB would still restrict the total volume size to 64zb. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 07:08, 1 June 2014 (UTC)
exFAT project[edit]
For a exFAT read/write implementation see http://code.google.com/p/exfat/ . As far as I know they need testers and feedback! - 5 April 2010 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk)
Merger proposal[edit]
I propose that this page (ExFAT) should be merged with the File allocation table article for the following reasons:
-Virtually all formats relating to FAT (FAT, FAT16, FAT32, etc.) do not have separate articles - arguably these formats are more widespread and well-known than ExFAT
-This article's contents could be effectively placed into the File allocation table article; it contains no information that would need a separate article (e.g. history, development) - all it contains is general information about exFAT
--Michael Kourlastalk – contribs 20:05, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
- Oppose: File Allocation Table is already a long article. exFAT is much shorter but more than a stub. If we merged exFAT into File Allocation Table#exFAT, some of the more detailed exFAT information could get lost or confused with the information applying only to earlier versions of FAT. In particular, I don't see how we could easily integrate {{Infobox filesystem}} infoboxes for both the legacy and the exFAT versions. It would also make it less clear which bits of the merged article were applicable only to legacy versions. Conversely, because the FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 versions are so much more widely implemented than exFAT, it seems likely that most readers of the main article will be uninterested in detailed information about the new version. — Richardguk (talk) 23:36, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
I oppose the merger, and agree this should be separate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 07:09, 1 June 2014 (UTC)
- Oppose: despite its name, exFAT is not a simple variant of FAT in the way that FAT32 extends the pre-existing FAT file structure, but has a completely different structure compared with FAT12/FAT16/FAT32. It would be difficult to merge the two articles effectively and would be confusing to readers. BabelStone (talk) 00:26, 9 June 2010 (UTC)
- Response from Michaelkourlas: Both of you in opposition make fair points that I had not thought of. I actually find myself agreeing with you in opposing the merger. Unless anyone has any objections, I will close the merger proposal by leaving exFAT its separate article. --Michael Kourlastalk – contribs 17:12, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
Suited especially for USB flash drives?[edit]
exFAT is a "file system suited especially for USB flash drives."
In what way is it suited especially for USB flash drives? Insterested (talk) 08:57, 13 July 2010 (UTC)
- I guess exFAT has many of the useful/helpful features of NTFS but doesn't cause a lot of writes to the certain areas when files are read like NTFS which wears out flash memory. Also it doesn't have per user access restrictions which can be an annoyance with drives that need to be accessed from many computers. BrianDGregory (talk) 23:57, 31 July 2010 (UTC)
- What kind of flash memory does not have load leveling? I think the question stands. Fnj2 (talk) 17:47, 19 February 2011 (UTC)
- Any reference explaining why exFAT doesn't wear out pendrives faster than NTFS? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 20:08, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
- What kind of flash memory does not have load leveling? I think the question stands. Fnj2 (talk) 17:47, 19 February 2011 (UTC)
I have already said a lot before )above). However, besides endurance, and performance that I specified already. It is important to align the file system to the physical structure of the flash memory, especially in SD cards, but any kind of Flash. For this reason there are separate alignments for the start of FAT and start of Cluster HEAP. If things don't line up, then it is possible that sectors don't line up properly with the page size and erase block size in the flash design. For example, in order to write flash memory, you don't just write, flash memory is like eproms, you have to erase the memory before you can write to it. And that memory is in blocks. If the filesystem doesn't align with these blocks, then by spanning a filesystem sector across two erase blocks means that to write the sector you need to erase, then rewrite two of those erase blocks, instead of one. real slow, and that is why you have wear leveling andhave to deal with the write cliff when they are properly aligned, it is worse when it is not aligned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 07:17, 1 June 2014 (UTC) and the OEM Parms in the VBR seems to be another flash friendly item because it allows flash parameters to be specified in the file system ----
New Apple Computers[edit]
The most recent Mac Mini [1] and iMac [2] both include SDXC card readers so presumably OSX should be added to the list of ExFAT supporting OSes? Urban worrier (talk) 18:22, 25 August 2010 (UTC)
- This needs to be checked since these new computers might require you to re-format SDXC cards in some other format before using them. Or maybe they can only read exFAT and not write. Or maybe they are going to rely on you acquiring an exFAT implementation for OSX from somewhere else. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Briandgregory (talk • contribs) 14:53, 1 October 2010 (UTC) Sorry BrianDGregory (talk) 15:13, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
It seems confirmed that certain releases of MAC supports the exFAT, as id required for SDXC. Although I haven't tried it (but will soon) I heard that by using a camera adapter the iPAD can read SDXC. I don't know if it is true, or what IOS supports this, something to look at. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 07:19, 1 June 2014 (UTC)
Add comparative speed differences: FAT > exFAT>> NTFS[edit]
I'm not an expert on filesystems, but when I used a USB flash drive for ReadyBoost, I found there were major differences in timings on machines and filesystems used. On my thinkpad laptop, writing to USB flash formatted NTFS was almost 6.5 times slower than if the same drive was formatted with FAT32. And I found that ExFAT is about 20% to 30% slower than FAT32! This seems very significant and should be mentioned in the article if someone can confirm this as well. Stk (talk) 04:44, 22 September 2010 (UTC)
- NTFS is generally slow on low performance Flash storage. Yes for a drive used solely for ReadyBoost you obviously want the simplest crudest file system so it goes fast since you are clearly not worried about tracking access times or being able to recover data from the drive after a crash. BrianDGregory (talk) 15:43, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
- Going somewhat off topic, if you want your Flash drives (and even hard drives) to go fast then try formatting them with larger allocation blocks. For flash drives in particular the Windows default size allocation blocks are usually much too small. When you get a new Flash drive it's always worth nothing down the original allocation block size before you reformat it and lose that information for ever. BrianDGregory (talk) 15:43, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
Partitions created OS X 10.6.5 are inaccessible from Windows 7[edit]
The article claims that partitions created OS X 10.6.5 are inaccessible from Windows 7 however I have not been able to find any confirmation of this either from Apple or Microsoft. Furthermore, in my own testing I have yet to experience any problems. --Severud (talk) 18:20, 13 December 2010 (UTC)
Opinion about the creation of exfat partitions in 10.6.5 removed by user mblwatson 11:44, 15 December 2010 (PST) because the article is not the place for such discussions. Should only be in the article if it is an issue recognized by Apple. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mblwatson (talk • contribs)
Operating System Specifications[edit]
With the recent OSX update to 10.6.6, the exFAT formatting ability remains with Mac OSX. Should the specification be changed from "10.6.5" to "10.6.5+"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sire TRM (talk • contribs) 04:23, 7 January 2011 (UTC)
The link to the 1.0 specifications (in a patent application) is dead (at least for the purpose of providing the specifications). I don't seem to successfully tag it as dead, so I'm flagging the problem in this way.
Athulin (talk) 08:52, 23 January 2011 (UTC)
Devices capable to read exFAT[edit]
I can confirm the Sony BRAVIA EX-725 series is capable to read exFAT formatted drives connected on USB. --22.214.171.124 (talk) 13:31, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
exFAT ships on all SDXC Cards, SD Card Association Link is broken. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 18:35, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
"As in FAT, when creating a file of known length, exFAT must perform a complete physical write equal to the size of the file."[edit]
I don't know about exFAT, but I'm certain that it is not true that "in FAT, when creating a file of known length [software] must perform a complete physical write equal to the size of the file." There might be an OS or driver limitation which would prevent file pre-allocation for some implementations, but there's no structural reason, inherent to the file system, that a file's space can't be pre-allocated on FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file systems. NCdave (talk) 17:05, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
- I guess this is due to the security/reliability requirement that programs reading from allocated but not yet written clusters see only blank space (and not bits of deleted files). Without a way of marking a cluster 'dirty', only allocated or not, it's necessary to wipe the cluster itself. —188.8.131.52 (talk) 17:34, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
- Regardless, the comment is just plain wrong. Admittedly I don't have access to an exFAT spec yet, but I'm very familiar with FAT and I can and do preallocate large files on FAT formatted sdcards in embedded devices. I don't care about the blocks not being zero filled. I suspect someone doesn't understand the distinction between a specification and one particular implementation of it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 14:49, 17 September 2013 (UTC)
Let me point out one thing with exFAT that might bring some clarity. in the stream extensions record which has the length, there are TWO lengths. One is the actual file size, and the other is the length of the data that has so far been written into the file. This is called the Valid Data Length (VDL) feature and there is stuff in MSDN to use this feature to indicate how much data was actually written so far. ----
So there seems to be a substantial amount of comparison to FAT+ in this article. From the beginning of the article: ". . .where the file size limit of the standard FAT32 file system (that is, without FAT+ extension[7]) is unacceptable." Later, in the advantages section: "in a standard FAT32 filesystem.[2] (The open FAT+[7] specification proposes an extension how to store files up to 256 GB on otherwise backward-compatible FAT32 volumes as well. This extension is available in some versions of DR-DOS.)"
Is it just me or do these mentions smack of advertisement? They do not further clarify the subject of ExFAT, though they do serve to muddy up the waters a bit. I feel like, if FAT+ isn't worthy of its own page on Wikipedia, it shouldn't be hijacking the ExFAT page. Especially since it isn't even an official patch. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 13:38, 25 June 2013 (UTC)
- I do think it is quite important to mention FAT32+ in the context of exFAT in order to maintain the neutral point of view and base comparisons on technical facts, not marketing and politics. There are two facts many of the less-technical readers are not aware of: FAT32 does not max out at 32 GB, but at 2 TB (or even at 16 TB with 4 KB sectors). The maximum file size of 4 GB on FAT32 can be easily expanded to 256 GB utilizing the open FAT32+ proposal. Therefore, for volumes smaller than 2 TB and files smaller than 256 GB, people would not have to switch to exFAT for technical reasons, whereas Microsoft (who owns and sells exFAT) documents the switch-over point at 32 GB and 4 GB, respectively. This is a very significant difference, technically (factor 64x actually), as it will still take many years before flash media (where FAT32 is used today and exFAT is targetted at) will have reached up into the 2 TB region, and when a need for (video?) files beyond 256 GB will become pressing. The point here is that with a very minor extension to the standard FAT32 format, people would not have to abandon the established FAT industry standard as a universal exchange medium now and switch to proprietary filesystems like exFAT.
- exFAT does have a few advantages over FAT32, but they are irrelevant in many common use cases, where FAT(32) is used today as an exchange format on flash cards/sticks and where a relatively small number of large files is written once and not modified later on before the next delete/reformat (typically f.e. for usage in digital cameras, camcorders, and various kinds of media players). In these cases, exFAT does not offer any technical advantages over FAT32(+), but comes at the price of totally giving up compatibility with the long established standard. Therefore, I think, it is very important to compare exFAT with FAT32(+) in order to enable readers to make educated development and buying decisions.
- FAT+ (or more precisely FAT32+ here) does not need its own page, because it is only a very minor extension of the standard FAT32 file system, which can be added to existing FAT32 implementations in a couple of hours, and as such it is already discussed in our File Allocation Table article (down to the technical details).
- --Matthiaspaul (talk) 10:34, 1 July 2013 (UTC)
With the increasing popularity of Mac computers the issue of cross-platform data migration is common. I have seen people read this article, believe it's warning against using ExFAT, and make a suboptimal decision when transferring data.
This is caused by all the anti-ExFAT statements, some of which are not even correct. E.g, more lines in the article refer mention disadvantages than advantages. It reads as an anti-ExFAT article, not an unbiased, impartial encyclopedia. No other Wikipedia filesystem article does this: HFS, HPFS, NTFS, File Allocation Table, etc. Only this one.
E.g, this article prominently elaborates on the licensing status of ExFAT, which is not even relevant to most end users. By contrast the HFS article briefly mentions it's proprietary to Apple. The HFS article isn't used as a soapbox to slam Apple about HFS, which is correct since this is an encyclopedia, not an opinion piece in disguise.
Another example: article elaborates negatively on ExFAT having a single file allocation table, and implies this puts data at risk. In fact almost no system software uses the redundant file allocation tables on FAT32. The article makes a technical judgment without any corroborative basis.
I would re-write it myself but don't have time. I just wanted to mention these points to try and forestall some of the problems this article is causing. Joema (talk) 15:49, 7 August 2013 (UTC) joema
- Regarding licensing & interoperability, this kind of critique is very much to be anticipated of an uninteroperable standard that gets adopted by industry. Get used to it. If you don't believe me, a good example is the critique against Adobe Flash (the industry standard), Silverlight (nobody cares) and HTML5 video (the interoperable). You are absolutely right that compatibility problems tend to be well hidden for most users. That's why I don't worry about those users — in my view, the most important thing with a standard is to not exclude anyone. I often feel excluded myself. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 00:07, 10 February 2015 (UTC)
exFAT is now GPL2! :-D[edit]
After they leaked the code by accident, Samsung has released the sourcecode under GPLv2 license.
So it's free software.
--PabloCastellano (talk) 22:59, 26 August 2013 (UTC)
- While this is very nice, it does not actually help the situation, unfortunately, as exFAT is owned by Microsoft, who has patented it. Even if Samsung's implementation is free, it cannot legally be used without a commercial license from Microsoft.
- The problem with missing exFAT support in most operating systems isn't that the internals of exFAT are not known (even if Microsoft hasn't made them available to the public), but that it would be illegal to use exFAT without a license from Microsoft, even if the implementation is not derived from Microsoft's in any way.
- So, unless Microsoft changes its mind and puts exFAT into the public domain or offers it under a GPL-compatible license, exFAT isn't the solution for a future compatible and platform-independent universal exchange format for media larger than 2 TB we are desperately looking for, as FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 was (and still is) for media smaller than 2 TB. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 23:33, 26 August 2013 (UTC)
ExFAT and TRIM[edit]
Does Microsoft's implementation of ExFAT support TRIM (discard) of un/de-allocated pages on the device? --220.127.116.11 (talk) 18:34, 6 November 2013 (UTC)
Files not recognized by some devices with large exFAT-formatted USB flash drives[edit]
I removed the following recent addition by User:Gerixau from the article, but got reverted:
- "Some media devices which support large USB flash drives do not recognise files on drives formatted with exFAT."
A vague and possibly confused assertion, IMHO, at least without any further explanations or RS.
Based on this description, the most likely scenario is that those media devices in question simply do not support exFAT. In contrast to SDXC and MemoryStick XC media, which mandate the usage of exFAT for media >32 GB per their specifications, there is no such requirement for other flash media such as CF cards or USB sticks. Therefore, even if a device supports media (other than XCs) larger than 32 GB in general, it cannot be assumed that exFAT is supported by the device, unless the device is explicitly specified to support exFAT, because exFAT is still relatively new, its specs are not open, there are only a few implementations in the field (and they are likely to be imcomplete), and offering support for it in a device (even when using a third-party inplemention) requires to pay license fees to Microsoft. Therefore, most users (and device manufacturers) simply use FAT32 instead of exFAT also for media larger than 32 GB, whenever they have a choice.
Another possible explanation for the user's observation are bugs in a specific exFAT implementation, which would not belong into the article as well, unless very prominent.
If these scenarios do not apply, the user needs to further elaborate on what he actually meant by his addition, and he must provide RS to back up the claims.
--Matthiaspaul (talk) 09:35, 9 May 2014 (UTC)
Flash Friendly Issues[edit]
The additional notes that was added to the two Boundary Alignment in my opinion need to be removed. Yes, I can do all kinds of padding and messing around with the file system to align the FAT and Cluster heap, but it is all a hack. exFAT provides a FAT Offset and a Heap Offset set of values to align those regions. Alignment comes under flash friendly because laying out these regions are made to conform with flash memory "page size" and "block erase size" which can affect both endurance and performance. For example, I was looking at how my SDXC card was formatted at the factory, and the FAT is 16K sectors into the filesystem, and the cluster heap is 16K sectors after that (at 32K). It is a SANDISK 64GB SDXC.
That is where the OEM Parameters come in. If you look at the layout of the OEM Parms, it has a GUID and then flash paramters such as page size and erase block size. The reference (since you want clarification) of what OEM parms is used for is at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee490605(v=winembedded.60).aspx
These three items are considered improvements made by Microsoft, over legacy FAT (FAT12/16/32) to better support Flash Memory.
Before I go in and edit those remarks, I would like to give the community an opportunity to argue if they still disagree.
(I wasn't logged in, this is rshullic) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 17:33, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
Number of Files per directory[edit]
I have trimmed this and moved it. FAT32 and exFAT do not have a limit for the root directory, the limit is for the sub-directory. For FAT16 & 32 (possibly 12 as well?) the subdirectory size is set by MS as a max of 2M, giving 64K directory records that are 32 bytes each. There is a reason for this setting, although it appears (and may be) somewhat artribuary. Unlike NTFS, there is no index, NTFS has Btrees to look stuff up. FAT (including exFAT) is brute force, you want to find a file, in a full directory of 256MiB, you have to search one by one. And there are 3x as many directory records, because to get to that number, it assumes 3 directory records per file, and you have to look at at least two for every file in there. It will take forever.
Just because other vendors violate the Microsoft spec and allow FAT32 directories above the specified limit should not make this a forum for Microsoft Bashing (I am NOT from Microsoft) because other people do it. That is what I see here, is a lot of subjective anti-Microsoft language because many of the open source people hate Microsoft and that was made a standard. I think we need to be professional, and stick with the standard. If other vendors are violating the standard, it may be reported, but the way people are going about it is like they are doing it in a way to rub it into Microsoft's nose.
And if this needs to go into a long why this or why that, it should go into a section with prose, not in this list which is meant to be a highlight bullet list.
I have also changed the title to try to get away from the pro/con format. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rshullic (talk • contribs) 17:58, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
- C-Class Computing articles
- Low-importance Computing articles
- C-Class software articles
- Low-importance software articles
- All Software articles
- C-Class software articles of Low-importance
- All Computing articles
- C-Class Microsoft Windows articles
- Mid-importance Microsoft Windows articles
- WikiProject Microsoft Windows articles


text:
Judge: N.M. woman fit for trial
Rayshaun Parson, 21, accused of slipping into a maternity ward while wearing hospital scrubs and abducting a newborn girl, is competent to stand trial, a judge ruled Thursday.
Parson pleaded not guilty in April to kidnapping in the disappearance of Mychael Darthard-Dawodu. The baby was found a day after her disappearance in Clovis, N.M., where Parson lived. Parson was arrested and has been in federal custody ever since. U.S. District Judge Sam Cummings, who has issued a gag order in the case, sealed the report on Parson's mental evaluation. The trial is set for Aug. 20.
- The Associated Press
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News from Mount Mary
Mount Mary University has a lot to talk about -- special events, interesting faculty, creative campus -- you'll find it all right here.
Highlights and Updates:
- Campus Calendar - See a full list of all Mount Mary events
- Events page - Stay "in the know" about your favorite Mount Mary events with special highlights, recaps, videos, and photos.
- In the News - Read about Mount Mary in local, regional, and national publications.
Prospective students researching their college options are invited to a free Wisconsin Education Fair from 9 to 11 a.m. Tuesday, Sept. 27 at Mount Mary University.
For years, sisters Chris Benson and Sally Oloizia of Brookfield have met up with Mary Olson of Hartland on the Sunday after Labor Day, waiting for the sun to come up and the Starving Artists' Show to begin.
This year will mark the first time Mount Mary University, a campus with over a hundred years of history, will open up its doors for Doors Open Milwaukee.
This summer, Haley Coleman embarked upon a study trip to China as one of 20 students in the U.S. selected by the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation.
As the formal welcome to the University, Investiture serves as the first bookend in a student's academic career. At this time students receive a candle, symbolizing the light of learning.
Bread can take many forms, yet the breaking and sharing of bread is a universal act. Mount Mary faculty, staff and administrators reflected upon how something so rich in diversity can unite us all.
Mount Mary University was awarded a $2.6 million grant to establish a scholarship program for master's students in the field of counseling to promote diversity among mental health providers.
The violence of the past weekend has saddened us all. As a university, sponsored by the School Sisters of Notre Dame, we are called to address the divisions in our city and in our world with audacity and hope.
A university professor in Indianapolis, an international volunteer, a Chicago health care CEO and Mount Mary University's president have just been announced as some of the Alumnae Association's Madonna and Tower Award winners.
Cynthia LaConte, '84, was named one of Milwaukee's 29 most influential women of 2016. To honor LaConte's entrepreneurial spirit, our faculty members are offering a customized coaching session for a local business.
How the theories of theater, poetry, theology, and martial arts can make us stronger leaders.
If you've ever dreamed of starting your own business and being your own boss, it turns out you're not the only one. Self-employment ranks third on the list of employers of Mount Mary alumnae.
Mount Mary University launches a RN to BSN completion program for nurses with a unique focus on leadership.
Mount Mary University's 223 graduates meet the future with three simple messages.
Innovator, TED talk presenter, and facilitator of design thinking - Dietz will speak to the Class of 2016 and receive an honorary degree.
Fashion Design students create seasonal collections based on private label designs from Bon-Ton.
Dr. Schwalbach became the 11th president of Mount Mary on Feb. 9, 2009; she recently announced plans to step down effective July 1, 2017.
An unblinking look at sexual assault on campuses, advancing justice issues on a national level, and discussing students' rights.
During a studio 1:1 chat at Mount Mary University, David Simnick talked about SoapBox, his path as an entrepreneur, and advice for future entrepreneurs.
During a presentation at Mount Mary University, Dr. Mike Summers offered anecdotal and statistical evidence on the need for minority representation within medical research.
Four months out of school, alumnae Shannon Molter `15 reflects upon her progress - from internship to full-time opportunity at Kohls.
Here's what a philosophy professor tells us about Women's History Month.
Diversity in science acknowledges the potential for greatness in individuals who are underrepresented. Mount Mary presents Dr. Mike Summers whose work in STEM includes mentoring scholars and researchers for a competitive workforce.
Students set out to create more than art. They discover a means for finding joy. Listen to Jordan Acker-Anderson speak to the roles of how these strong emotions are communicated visually.
Mount Mary University will offer a RN to BSN Completion program beginning in Fall 2016.


text: OK - thanks. I just now saw this. Our P2V still blew up, even when I put that .ISO file where I think it's supposed to go. The Fedora docs say to do yum install virtio-win. Should I log a bugzilla about that? Until RHEL 6.3, is Fedora pretty much the only way to make this work or is there a better solution? And if Fedora, is Fedora 14 still the best release for this or should I be looking at something newer for a migration server? Thanks - Greg -----Original Message----- From: Richard W.M. Jones [mailto:rjones redhat com] Sent: Friday, November 18, 2011 8:13 AM To: Greg Scott Cc: libguestfs redhat com; Fredy Hernandez; mbooth redhat com Subject: Re: [Libguestfs] Virtio-win RPM? On Fri, Nov 18, 2011 at 07:17:06AM -0600, Greg Scott wrote: > I should have this in my head by now... > > > > I tried migrating a physical Windows host last night using virt-p2v CD. > It ran for 3 hours and then died. I'll get details later from the log > but as I think about it, I'll bet it died because I never installed > virtio-win in my Fedora migration server. > > The documentation says do "yum install virtio-win" - but this is RHEL > documentation and my migration server is a Fedora 14 VM and yum doesn't > find it from there. Where do I grab virtio-win and how do I set it up > on that Fedora system such that virt-p2v-server will find it and use it > during a Windows P2V migration? We don't have an RPM for Fedora. It wouldn't be possible to add this to Fedora right now since we cannot yet cross-compile it from source using a completely Free toolchain. In future we probably will be able to do this with mingw64. The latest virtio-win ISO images are here: http://archive.fedoraproject.org/pub/alt/virtio-win/ Rich. -- Richard Jones, Virtualization Group, Red Hat http://people.redhat.com/~rjones libguestfs lets you edit virtual machines. Supports shell scripting, bindings from many languages. http://libguestfs.org


text:
Search Results For "Muscles"
Muscles - Unicorns
SEMPLESIZEFollow "Unicorns… whether they are real or not is a debatable topic which I will fight fiercely to the death to…" Posted on Jun 15th, 2015 →
Muscles - Ice Cream (2007)
Faded GlamourFollow "Words: Saam Das You're probably wondering why I'm posting about a track from a 2007 called 'Guns Babes Lemonade'. Well,…" Posted on Jun 19th, 2013 →
Muscles - Love Struck (2010)
umstrum||musicFollow "One-man dance act Muscles finally unleashed his brand new album Manhood into the wild today last June 15th via Modular…" Posted on Jun 19th, 2012 →
Muscles - Ready For A Fight Airwolf Remix
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Muscles - Ready for a Fight Tall Tee Nation Remix
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Muscles - Ready For A Fight +1 remix
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Muscles - Northern Beaches
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Muscles - Girl Crazy Go +2 remixes
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POLL: Easiest way to aim?
Borgert posted on Feb 04, 2011 5:26:33 AM - Report post
I hate aim assist.
Local S.t.a.l.k.e.r. Magician
shianova posted on Feb 04, 2011 5:50:58 AM - Report post
People who have played on the PC all their life will say the mouse/keyboard and vise versa.
Because French Is Awesome.
(\__/) (\_(\(\(\
(='.'=)(=':' )(-_-)
(\__/) (\_(\(\(\
(='.'=)(=':' )(-_-)
Al-pucino posted on Feb 05, 2011 2:47:54 AM - Report post
Mouse. Durrr.
A simple 24-year-old boy.
My avatar is hot.
My avatar is hot.
Degari posted on Feb 05, 2011 3:03:54 AM - Report post
For FPS, I would go with a mouse. Much easier to aim accurately in my opinion. If it's third person though, I'd prefer a controller.
... at night :3
AdmiralAckbar posted on Feb 05, 2011 3:57:00 AM - Report post
I've become accustomed to the mouse so much that I think if I ever did switch to anything else, I wouldn't be anywhere as good as I am with a mouse.
Ayy lmao
GiGaMoG posted on Feb 06, 2011 3:34:01 PM - Report post
It all depends on the game, really. Some games works better with mouse. Some better with controller.
benduhova posted on Jun 20, 2012 8:15:37 PM - Report post
If the game allows it then ill use controller if not then mouse&keyboard
Cheating games not gamers
sadeghie posted on Jun 21, 2012 3:01:05 AM - Report post
Only mouse for me!
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Eamcet counselling notification today
By Express News Service - HYDERABAD
Published: 13th August 2013 10:54 AM
Last Updated: 13th August 2013 12:19 PM
Putting an end to the long wait of 2.3 lakh candidates, the Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education (APSCHE) has decided to issue notification for Eamcet counselling for engineering on Tuesday following directions from the high court.
Speaking to newsmen here on Monday, APSCHE chairman Prof P Jayaprakash Rao said that the counselling process will commence from August 19 with verification of certificates at 53 centres across the state till August 30. Candidates can exercise their web options from August 22 till September 3.
They will be given a chance to change their options on September 4 after which no change will be allowed. The candidates should report at their respective colleges before September 9 and the classes are likely to begin on September 10 or 11. The APSCHE will issue the detailed schedule of Eamcet counselling in all leading newspapers on Tuesday, he said.
On the process of filling B Category seats in engineering colleges, the APSCHE chairman said that the managements should issue a notification about the management quota seats in all newspapers besides putting it on the college notice board and also in college website. Besides, he said the college managements should also send the application forms to Eamcet convener and to the APSCHE. These institutions will also post in their respective websites.
The candidates can download the application form from any of these sources and send it to the respective colleges through registered post by enclosing the requisite enclosures. The candidates can also apply online if the college management provides the facility to apply online.
The college managements after scrutinizing the applications should place the merit list of the selected candidates in its website and notice boards in the colleges besides sending all the applications forms for ratification to the APSCHE. If any candidates feel that he was denied admission though he is a merit student, they can approach the APSCHE.
The APSCHE will issue notice in all newspapers about the guidelines to fill the management quota seats on Tuesday besides posting the detailed guidelines of High Court on the APSCHE website which the college managements must follow.
Responding to a query, Jayaprakash Rao said that they will appeal to protesters not to disrupt the counselling process keeping in view the future of students.
Disclaimer: We respect your thoughts and views! But we need to be judicious while moderating your comments. All the comments will be moderated by the NIE editorial. Abstain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks. Try to avoid outside hyperlinks inside the comment. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines.


text:
The American Dream, As Told By "The Godfather" And "Coming To America"
If anyone knows how to make it in America, it's Prince Akeem and Michael Corleone.
1. Welcome to America! Land of the free, and home of the Sexual Chocolate.
2. A country where you can start out as the son of a Sicilian mafioso…
3. And wind up an impossibly handsome heir to the Soul Glo fortune.
Damn Darryl, that's some comb you got, boo.
4. It's the kind of place where you can make traffic stop with a simple "TALK TO THE HAND" gesture.
Wield that power, my fellow Americans!
5. Or start fresh by making new friends.
6. A place where you can expect your requests to be met.
7. And demand a better, freer life than the generations before you.
8. Sure, everyone has to start somewhere.
9. And that "somewhere" is likely to be an incredibly filthy apartment in Queens.
10. PS — Don't use any elevators when you're in that Queens dump.
11. But most importantly, America is a country where you can choose who you want to fall in love with…
12. Especially if you're trying to get over your ex…
13. Who was killed because of your mafioso roots.
14. Sure, it may take some time to find the right gal.
15. OK, a LOT OF TIME to find someone special who's not crazy.
16. But when you find that lasagna-loving Garfield to call your own, it's totally worth it.
17. Did I mention you should definitely get in good with their father?!
18. That's because America is a country where family comes first.
19. And you respect your parents.
20. Because let's face it: If you don't, they'll have you killed.
21. Don't worry, this is something that happens all the time, because as Michael Corleone says…
22. But hey, perk up! You can start your own business!
23. Be a hero!
24. Or be a killer!
25. If you want to, you can treat women as equals.
26. Or just let them ask you one question for the rest of their lives.
27. Either way, it doesn't matter — you're just living the American dream!
28. And with plenty of hard work…
29. Horse heads…
30. And Sexual Chocolate…
31. People will be lining up to kiss that ring.
Heck yes, America! This land is your land, Soul Glo's land, and most certainly the Corleone's land.
- Former Israeli President Shimon Peres has died at 93. He was the country's longest-serving politician and statesman.
- Monday night's first presidential debate between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton was a horse show for undecided voters.
- The White House tried to stop Congress from publicly blaming Russia for election-related cyberattacks, BuzzFeed News has learned.


text:
Sunday Bible Reflection
A Great Chasm: Scott Hahn Reflects on the 26th Sunday in Ordinary Time
Amos 6:1, 4-7
Psalm 146:7-10
1 Timothy 6:11-16
Luke 16:19-31
The rich and powerful are visited with woe and exile in today's Liturgy—not for their wealth but for their refusal to share it; not for their power but for their indifference to the suffering at their door.
The complacent leaders in today's First Reading feast on fine foods and wines, reveling while the house of Joseph, the...
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Follow the Path of the Saints
In Ralph Martin's modern classic, The Fulfillment of All Desire: A Guidebook for the Journey to God Based on the Wisdom of the Saints, the three stages of spiritual growth are defined as the purgative, illuminative, and unitive.
The purgative stage includes the initial phases of the spiritual life—conversion, turning away from sin, bringing one's life into conformity with the moral law, initiating the habit of prayer and the practices of...
Scott Hahn Unleashes the Creed
In this special 50th episode of the Art of Catholic, Matthew Leonard interviews Scott Hahn about his exciting new book titled The Creed: Professing the Faith Through the Ages. In this barnburner episode he unleashes incredible insights into what we profess to believe every week at mass....
The Greatest Sacrament: An Excerpt From Speaking the Love of God by Jacob Wood
The following is an excerpt from Speaking the Love of God: An Introduction to the Sacraments (Emmaus Road Publishing).
Holy Eucharist is the third of the seven sacraments, as well as the third Sacrament of Initiation. It is the greatest of the seven sacraments, the "source and summit of the Christian life" (CCC 1324). Its name comes from the Greek word eucharistia, meaning "thankfulness" or "gratitude." It...