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Comprehensive Description
A medium to fairly large snake, with a short, stocky body. Largest Egyptian specimen has a total length of 735 mm. Tail short, tail / total length = 0.08-0.13. Nostril round; 11-15 supralabials; eye moderate, separated from supralabials by 4-5 scales, pupil vertical; scales on dorsal side of head moderate, more than 14 interorbitals; a supraocular horn made of a single spine-like scale, present or absent; dorsals strongly keeled, 28-39 scale rows around mid-body; 137-156 ventrals, 23-45 paired subcaudals; anal entire. Dorsum sandy, with a usual pattern of large, brownish, rounded or square spots along mid-dorsum, alternating with smaller lateral dark spots; a dark band between the posterior of the eye to the angle of the mouth. Venter plain white.
Sahara horned vipers are among the most abundant and easily distinguishable of the venomous snakes of the North African and Middle Eastern deserts. Cerastes gasperettii is generally distributed all across North Africa, including southwestern Arabia and southwestern Israel. Common in the Sahara desert, it is most frequently found between Egypt and Morocco. Its range extends to southward to northern Mali, Niger, northern Chad, Sudan, and Mauritania.
Although records are rare in the southern Saharan borderlands, this snake has been reported within the Sahel, the sub-steppe region of the Sahara. Interestingly, C. cerastes is also known to inhabit the deserts of the eastern Sinai, coexisting with the Arabian horned viper, Cerastes gasperettii.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native ); ethiopian (Native )
- Branch, B., S. Spawls. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. United Kingdom: Blandford.
- Cox, N., J. Chanson, S. Stuart. 2006. The Status and Distribution of the Mediterranean Basin. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: The World Conservation Union (IUCN). Accessed March 14, 2010 at http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2006-027.pdf.
- Johann, H. 1973. A location of origin for Cerastes- cerastes in northern Tunisia Serpentes Viperidae. Salamandra, 9/3-4: 160.
- McGinley, M. 2007. "Status and distribution of reptiles and amphibians of the Mediterranean Basin" (On-line). Encyclopedia of Earth. Accessed March 14, 2010 at http://www.eoearth.org/article/Status_and_distribution_of_reptiles_and_amphibians_of_the_Mediterranean_Basin.
- Morain, M., B. Young. 2003. Vertical Burrowing in the Saharan Sand Vipers (Cerastes). Copeia, 2003/1: 131-137. Accessed February 20, 2010 at http://www.jstor.org/sici?origin=sfx%3Asfx&sici=0045-8511%282003%291%3C131%3AVBITSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F&cookieSet=1.
- Schneemann, M., R. Cathomas, S. Laidlaw, A. El Nahas, R. Theakston, D. Warrell. 2004. Life-threatening envenoming by the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy, and acute renal failure: clinical cases and review. QJM, 97/11: 717-727. Accessed February 21, 2010 at http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/97/11/717.
Distribution in Egypt
Almost throughout the entire country, except for cultivated lands of the Nile Valley and Delta. West of the Nile it is known from the Mediterranean coastal plain, south through the Western Desert, where it has been recorded from all the major oases and some minor ones. Exceptional records include specimens observed in Wadi Abd El Malek, the first from the extreme southwestern corner of Egypt. Widespread throughout the Eastern Desert and Sinai, except the north, where it is absent from the dune fields. Common along the margins of the Nile Valley, particularly along the shores of Lake Nasser, where very dense populations are found.
Global Distribution
Northern Africa, south into the Sahel.
Distribution: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Israel, Jordan, Sudan, Oman (fide Joger 1983), Western Sahara karlhartli: Sinai peninsula, SE Egypt through Kordofan mutila: SW Algeria, adjacent Morocco. hoofieni: SW corner of Arabian Peninsula (endemic).
Type locality: King Khalid Airbase, Saudi Arabia, (18°18'N, 42°44'E)
Type locality: "Oriente' (Egypt?)
Physical Description
Sahara horned vipers are amongst the most distinct of the North African desert snakes. Compared to most snakes in the region, this species is short in length, averaging between 30 and 60 cm. Hatchlings are usually between 12 and 15 cm. Although females are larger, both sexes share the same general body structure and color patterns. The head is somewhat flat, broad, and triangular, with eyes on the side of the head, and the neck is thin.
Covered in approximately 25 to 35 rows of heavily keeled scales, C. cerastes is characterized by the presence of supraorbital "horns", which consist of a single scale above each eye, from which a dark line extends towards the back of snake. This feature is what generally distinguishes Sahara horned vipers from other species of the genus Cerastes, as Cerastes gasperettii has horns that consist of multiple scales, and Cerastes vipera has its eyes on the top of the head. Prominent brow ridges typically ensue the lack or reduction of these horns.
The body is broad and appears flat, with a short tail which may have a black tip. This species is brownish-yellow and gray in color, perfectly blending into the sandy environment in which it lives. Dorsally, it also has rectangular brown patches that are darker in color than the rest of the body.
Range length: 30 to 85 cm.
Average length: 30 to 60 cm.
Other Physical Features: heterothermic ; venomous
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike; female larger
- Blanc, C. 1986. The reptile population of the extreme south of Tunisia. Amphibia-Reptilia, 7/4: 385-389.
- Disi, A. 1983. Herpetology of Jordan 1. Venomous Snakes. Dirasat Natural Sciences (Amman), 10/2: 167-180.
- George, L. 2002. Vipers. Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press.
Found throughout the Sahara in Northern Africa, C. cerastes inhabits a variety of habitats within the desert, including rock hills, sandy deserts, and wadis. Members of this species can sometimes be found in dunes, and are rarely found on rock pavement and gravel plains.
It has been determined that there is a strong correlation between microclimate and the general distribution of this species. Saharan horned vipers generally prefer cooler temperatures, with annual averages of 20°C or lower, and are usually found in altitudes of up to 1500m. Even humidity is important when considering the locality of these snakes. Temperatures must be high enough for the snake to bask and obtain heat, and humid enough to retain a maximum amount of water present in the body, as the only source of water is from prey.
Range elevation: 1500 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune
- 2004. "Cerastes cerastes (Desert Horned Viper)" (On-line). Accessed March 07, 2010 at http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/C/Cerastes_cerastes/#Biology.
- Mermod, C. 1970. Living area and displacement activity of Cerastes-vipera and Cerastes-cerastes Reptilia Viperidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 77/3: 555-562.
- Norris, S. 2000. "Desert Horned Viper" (On-line). Accessed March 07, 2010 at http://www.whozoo.org/Intro2000/sabrinor/SDNdeserthornedviper.htm.
One of the most versatile reptiles inhabiting Egyptian deserts; besides its capacity to endure extreme conditions, it also has a wide ecological amplitude, inhabiting a wide variety of habitats, typically in wadi systems with some vegetation and sandy soil, but also on gravel plains, hilly and mountainous country, and even in very rocky areas, where patches of sand or other fine soils are found. Not normally found in sand dunes (in contrast with C. vipera), but can be found on the fringes of extensive dune areas near harder substrates and rocky outcrops. Often near well-vegetated areas, but is also capable of existing in extreme deserts with no vegetation. Typically hides under the surface of loose soil in fairly exposed situations to ambush potential prey. Found up to an altitude of 1,000 m in the St. Katherinearea, but probably occurs at higher altitudes, where it is likely to be less common.
Trophic Strategy
The diet of this carnivorous species consists primarily of small rodents, geckos, birds, and a variety of lizards. In captivity, a full grown specimen was observed to feed on weaver finches (Passer domesticus niloticus), lacertids (Mesalina olivieri), and dune geckos (Stenodactylus petrii). These vipers are also known to eat jerboas (Jaculus jaculus), yellow wagtails (Motacilla flava thunbergi), and chiffchaffs (Phylloscopus collybita). Cerastes gasperettii has been known to travel long distances at night in search of prey.
Animal Foods: birds; mammals; reptiles
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates)
This species is a particularly successful predator throughout the Sahara. With only a few known predators, it can be inferred that C. cerastes acts to limit the population sizes of the prey upon which it feeds.
Sahara horned vipers are known to have only a few natural enemies, including honey badgers, monitor lizards, and a variety of wild and feral cat species. The snakes' colors provide optimum camouflage, working in their favor as both predators and prey. In addition, although C. cerastes burrows in order to stay cool during the day, as well as to attack unsuspecting prey, this behavior may also help hide it from potential predators.
Known Predators:
- Honey badgers (Mellivora capensis)
- Monitor lizards (Varanus griseus)
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Life History and Behavior
As specialized semi-fossorial snakes, all members of the genus Cerastes exhibit predatory launch strikes from partially buried positions in the Saharan sands. As such, the majority of the communication and perception techniques demonstrated by these snakes incorporate multiple environmental stimuli in order to enhance prey localization and acquisition. Through multiple studies and experiments, it has been found that foraging by vibration detection is particularly significant in C. cerastes, as well as other members of the genus. Additionally, visual capabilities are pertinent in strike accuracy and distance, although the snake is still quite capable of capturing prey with hindered vision. Interestingly, prey capture behavior does not seem to be limited by olfactory senses, and in contrast to common belief, chemosensory reliance in Cerastes during foraging is nearly negligible, as visual stimuli act as primary determinants of prey apprehension.
When communicating with other members of its own species, Sahara horned vipers rely mostly upon chemical signals in the form of pheromones. This is used particularly during the mating season, as it acts to locate members of the opposite sex. Also, C. cerastes makes use of vibrational stimuli and the ability to sense heat from other organisms in the environment from its pit organs in order to locate prey. Located just behind the nostrils, the pit organs in these snakes allow them to detect warm-blooded animals, even in the dark.
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones
Perception Channels: visual ; infrared/heat ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical
- Morain, M., B. Young. 2002. The use of ground-borne vibrations for prey localization in the Saharan sand vipers (Cerastes). The Joural of Experimental Biology, 205/5: 661-665. Accessed February 20, 2010 at http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/205/5/661.
Nocturnal. Submerges below loose sand surface using side-shuffling movements of the body, where it takes refuge and waits in ambush for surface-moving prey. Venomous to humans.
Along with Psammophis aegyptius, it is the only snake to be encountered over much of Egypt's deserts. Both species take advantage of migrant birds that land in the desert to rest in the course of their long trans-Saharan migration. During the migration seasons several individuals of these snakes can often be found in and around isolated trees in the desert, waiting for migrants to land.
Life Cycle
As an oviparous species, Cerastes gasperettii offspring development occurs outside of the mother's body, in the fertilized eggs she lays. An increase in oxygen consumption allows the snake to experience an exponential growth pattern throughout embryonic development, and normal respiration rates are assumed after hatching.
- Ludwig, D., D. Mallow, G. Nilson. 2003. True Vipers. Malabar, Florida, USA: Krieger Publishing Company.
Life Expectancy
Although very little is known concerning the lifespan of individuals in the wild, specimens in captivity have been observed to survive for up to 18 years.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 14 to 18 years.
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
Information regarding the mating systems of C. cerastes is data deficient. However, it has been observed that this species typically breeds during the first few weeks of April. In addition, it is assumed that members of the opposite sex locate and attract each other through the use of pheromones.
Copulation is generally observed during the first week of April and always occurs while buried under the sand. It is unknown whether these snakes breed annually. In a case of two captive individuals, copulation lasted for 4 days. Cerastes gasperettii generally oviposits anywhere from 8 to 23 eggs, usually under rocks or in abandoned burrows of reptiles and mammals. The young hatch after a 50 to 80 day incubation period. Juvenile Cerastes gasperettii reach reproductive maturity at 2 years of age.
Breeding interval: The breeding interval for Cerastes gasperettii is unknown.
Breeding season: Sahara horned vipers mate between April and June and eggs hatch from June to August.
Range number of offspring: 8 to 23.
Range gestation period: 50 to 80 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; sexual ; fertilization ; oviparous
There is no information currently available concerning the parental investment of Cerastes gasperettii.
- Brodie Jr., E., J. Campbell. 1992. Biology of the Pitvipers. Tyler, Texas, USA: Selva.
- George, L. 2002. Vipers. Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press.
- Ludwig, D., D. Mallow, G. Nilson. 2003. True Vipers. Malabar, Florida, USA: Krieger Publishing Company.
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Cerastes cerastes
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen.
Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Cerastes cerastes
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Center for Mediterranean Cooperation, Cerastes gasperettii is considered a species of "Least Concern" in terms of its conservation status. In fact, all three species of Cerastes are not of particular concern in the Mediterranean Basin.
A region relatively rich in biodiversity, the Mediterranean Basin is regarded as a biodiversity hotspot due to the abundance of threatened plant endemism that occurs. The primary threat to reptilian populations is habitat loss and degradation, mainly due to human activities. Pollution, the introduction of alien species, and general human disturbance are among the largest impacts to these populations. It is important to note that snakes are generally affected to the highest degree, however, only a few are actually considered threatened.
CITES: no special status
- Werner, Y., N. Sivan. 1992. Systematics and zoogeography of Cerastes (Ophidia: Viperidae) in the Levant: 2. Taxonomy, ecology, and zoogeography. Snake, 24/1: 34-49.
Status in Egypt
Common and widespread. Collected in large numbers for purposes of commercial antivenom production.
Least Concern
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
A venomous snake, Cerastes gasperettii is capable of inflicting damage to its prey, but also bites when threatened. Common amongst all three species of Cerastes, the venom is cytotoxic, affecting the walls and contents of cells, yet is not very toxic when compared to most other snakes in the region.
Despite the widespread distribution of Sahara horned vipers, their relatively hostile habitats result in few humans bitten, and therefore little statistical data is available concerning C. cerastes bites. However, venomous bites have been known to cause swelling, nausea, hemorrhaging, vomiting, necrosis, and hematuria. Bites should be treated immediately with elevation, analgesics, and antibiotic cover. For more serious bites, supply of an appropriate antivenin is required.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings, venomous )
As a very successful predator across the Sahara, C. cerastes acts to control populations of rodents that disturb livestock and other food sources of the native people of the region. In some areas, local people consider the snake to be of no particular danger, and the species is even tolerated around some villages. In contrast, other regions fear the snake, and believe it to have powers and even that it is capable of flying. Some native snake charmers use C. cerastes because of their horns, and large numbers of the species have been observed for sale at tourist resorts.
In addition, the venom derived from Sahara horned vipers provides a great deal of information concerning certain enzymes and their effects on reptilian and mammalian biochemical processes, as well as assist in the production of antivenins that are used for a variety of African snake species.
Positive Impacts: source of medicine or drug ; research and education
- O'Shea, M. 2008. Venomous Snakes of the World. United Kingdom: New Holland Publishers.
Cerastes cerastes
Cerastes cerastes is a venomous viper species native to the deserts of Northern Africa and parts of the Middle East. It often is easily recognised by the presence of a pair of supraocular "horns", although hornless individuals do occur.[2] No subspecies are currently recognised.[4]
The average total length (body + tail) is 30–60 cm (12–24 in), with a maximum total length of 85 cm (33 in). Females are larger than males.[2]
One of the most distinctive characteristics of this species is the presence of supraorbital "horns", one over each eye. However, these may be reduced in size or absent (see genus Cerastes).[2] The eyes are prominent and set on the sides of the head.[5] There is significant sexual dimorphism, with males having larger heads and larger eyes than females. Compared to C. gasperettii, the relative head size of C. cerastes is larger and there is a greater frequency of horned individuals (13% versus 48%, respectively).[2][6]
The colour pattern consists of a yellowish, pale grey, pinkish, reddish, or pale brown ground colour that almost always matches the substrate colour where the animal is found. Dorsally, a series of dark, semi-rectangular blotches runs the length of the body. These blotches may or may not be fused into crossbars. The belly is white. The tail, which may have a black tip, is usually thin.[2][5]
Common names[edit]
Common names of this species include Desert sidewinding horned viper [7] Saharan horned viper,[2] horned desert viper,[3] Sahara horned viper,[5] desert horned viper, North African horned viper,[8] African desert horned viper, greater cerastes,[9] asp and horned viper.[10] In Egypt it is called el-ṭorîsha (حية الطريشة).
Geographic range[edit]
It is found in arid North Africa (Morocco, Mauritania and Mali, eastward through Algeria, Tunisia, Niger, Libya and Chad to Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia) through Sinai to the northern Negev of Israel. In the Arabian Peninsula, it occurs in Yemen, Kuwait, extreme southwestern Saudi Arabia and parts of the country in Qatar where it is sympatric with C. gasperettii. A report of this species being found in Lebanon is unlikely, according to Joger (1984).
Originally, the type locality was listed only as "Oriente." However, Flower (1933) proposed "Egypt" by way of clarification.[1]
These snakes favor dry, sandy areas with sparse rock outcroppings, and tend not to prefer coarse sand. Occasionally, they are found around oases, and up to an altitude of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Cooler temperatures, with annual averages of 20 °C or less, are preferred.[2]
They typically move about by sidewinding, during which they press their weight into the sand or soil, leaving whole-body impressions. Often, it is even possible to use these impressions to make ventral scale counts. They have a reasonably placid temperament, but if threatened, they may assume a C-shaped posture and rapidly rub their coils together. Because they have strongly keeled scales, this rubbing produces a rasping noise, similar to the sound produced by snakes of the genus Echis. In the wild they are typically ambush predators, lying submerged in sand adjacent to rocks or under vegetation. When approached, they strike very rapidly, holding on to the captured prey (small birds and rodents) until the venom takes effect.[11]
In captivity, mating was observed in April and always occurred while the animals were buried in the sand.[2] This species is oviparous, laying 8–23 eggs that hatch after 50 to 80 days of incubation. The eggs are laid under rocks and in abandoned rodent burrows. The hatchlings measure 12–15 cm (about 5-6 inches) in total length.[5]
C. cerastes venom is not very toxic, although it is reported to be similar in action to Echis venom.[2] Envenomation usually causes swelling, haemorrhage, necrosis, nausea, vomiting, and haematuria. A high phospholipase A2 content may cause cardiotoxicity and myotoxicity.[5] Studies of venom from both C. cerastes and C. vipera list a total of eight venom fractions, the most powerful of which has haemorrhagic activity. Venom yields vary, with ranges of 19–27 mg to 100 mg of dried venom being reported.[2] For venom toxicity, Brown (1973) gives LD50 values of 0.4 mg/kg IV and 3.0 mg/kg SC.[8] An estimated lethal dose for humans is 40–50 mg.[5]
A number of subspecies may be encountered in literature:[2]
- C. c. hoofieni Werner & Sivan, 1999 - Saudi Arabia.
- C. c. karlhartli Sochurek, 1974 - Egyptian horned viper - southeast Egypt and Sinai Peninsula.
- C. c. mutila Domergue, 1901 - Algerian horned viper - southwest Algeria, Morocco.
Previously, C. gasperettii was also regarded as a subspecies of C. cerastes.[2]
See also[edit]
- List of viperine species and subspecies
- Viperinae by common name
- Viperinae by taxonomic synonyms
- Snakebite
- Viper (hieroglyph)
- ^ a b McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
- ^ a b Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
- ^ "Cerastes cerastes". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 30 July 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.
- ^ Werner YL, Verdier A, Rosenman D, Sivan N. 1991. Systematics and Zoogeography of Cerastes (Ophidia: Viperidae) in the Levant: 1. Distinguishing Arabian from African "Cerastes cerastes". The Snake 23: 90-100.
- ^ Austin Stevens: SNAKEMASTER In Search of the Snake that Killed Cleopatra, 2005. [DVD] Michael Davies, USA: Discovery Communications, Inc.
- ^ a b Brown JH. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73-229. ISBN 0-398-02808-7.
- ^ U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. New York: Dover Publications Inc. (United States Government Reprint). 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
- ^ Ditmars RL. 1933. Reptiles of the World. Revised Edition. New York: The MacMillan Company. 329 pp. 89 plates.
- ^ Photo sequence of Cerastes cerastes feeding in the wild (Gilf Kebir, Egypt, 27 October 2004) at FJ Expeditions accessed 19 October 2013
Further reading[edit]
- Boulenger GA. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Cerastes cornutus, pp. 502–503).
- Calmette A. 1907. Les venins, les animaux venimeux et la serotherapie antivenimeuse. In: Bucherl W. editor. 1967. Venomous Animals and Their Venoms. Vol. I. Paris: Masson. 233 pp.
- Mohamed AH, Kamel A, Ayobe MH. 1969. "Studies of phospholipase A and B activities of Egyptian snake venoms and a scorpion venom". Toxicon 6: 293-988.
- Joger U. 1984. The Venomous Snakes of the Near and Middle East. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 175 pp.
- Labib RS, Malim HY, Farag NW. 1979. "Fractionation of Cerastes cerastes and Cerastes vipera snake venoms by gel filtration and identification of some enzymatic and biological activities". Toxicon 17: 337-345.
- Labib RS, Azab MH, Farag NW. 1981. "Effects of Cerastes cerastes (Egyptian sand viper) snake venoms on blood coagulation: separation of coagulant and anticoagulant factors and their correlation with arginineesterase protease activities". Toxicon 19: 85-94.
- Labib RS, Azab ER, Farag NW. 1981. "Proteases of Cerastes cerastes and Cerastes vipera snake venoms". Toxicon 19: 73-83.
- Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (Coluber cerastes, p. 217).
- Schneemann M, Cathomas R, Laidlaw ST, El Nahas AM, Theakston RDG, Warrell DA. 2004. "Life-threatening envenoming by the Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy and acute renal failure: clinical cases and review". Association of Physicians. QJM 97 (11): 717-727. Full text at Oxford Journals. Accessed 9 March 2007.
- Schnurrenburger H. 1959. "Observations on behavior in two Libyan species of viperine snake". Herpetologica 15:70-2.
- U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. New York: Dover Books. (Reprint of United States Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.) 133 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
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Category: Case Study Published on Monday, 19 September 2011 23:01 Written by Admin Hits: 3923
1. What signs, symptoms and laboratory values indicate the presence of peptic ulcer disease?
Signs & Symptoms: one-day history of melenic stool, abdominal pain, gradual onset of a localized gnawing epigastric pain that occurred daily, wavered in intensity and increased at night and between meal.
Laboratory value: Low hemoglobin 13.2 g/dl (normal value = 14 – 18 g/dl)
Low hematocrit 40% (normal value = 45 – 52%)
2. What medical problems should be included in the patient's problem list?
Peptic ulcer disease, hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic use of aspirin, constipation, abdominal pain
3. Could any of the problems caused by drug therapy?
Constipation is one of the adverse reactions result from the usage of Procardia XL®, a calcium channel blocker. In addition, it may also due to the Titralac Plus®, which is a calcium carbonate that may cause high calcium content result in constipation.
Abdominal pain, peptic ulcer disease, and gastrointestinal bleeding are some of the adverse reactions result from the usage of Aspirin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
4. What are the desired outcomes for treating this patients PUD?
Relieve symptoms
Promote ulcer healing
Prevent complications
Eradicate H. pylori infection (cure)
Prevent recurrences
5.Considering the patient's presentation, what non-pharmacologic alternatives are available to treat his PUD?
Eliminate or reduce psychological stress, cigarette smoking, alcoholic beverages, and the use of aspirin. Aspirin can be replaced by alternative agents like acetaminophen, a nonacetylated salicylate, or COX-2 selective inhibitor.
6. What pharmacologic alternatives are available to treat duodenal ulcers while waiting for the biopsy result?
Proton pump inhibitors
Omeprazole 20 mg or 40 mg daily
Lansoprazole 30 mg or 60 mg daily
Rabeprazole 20 mg daily
H2 – receptor antagonists
Cimetidine 300 mg QID
400 mg BID
800 mg at bedtime
Famotidine 20 mg BID
40 mg at bedtime
Nizatidine 150 mg BID
Ranitidine 150 mg BID
300 mg at bedtime
7. Design a pharmacotherapeutic regimen for this patient.
Proton pump inhibitor-based three-drug regimen
Omeprazole 20 mg twice daily
Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily
Amoxicillin 1g twice daily
8. How should the therapy you recommended be monitored for efficacy and adverse effect?
Efficacy Monitoring
Ulcer pain typically resolves in a few days when NSAIDs are discontinued and within 7 days upon initiation of antiulcer therapy.
Signs and symptoms should be relived after 2 weeks of the pharmacotherapeutic regimen.
Hemoglobin value should be within the normal range
Adverse Effect Monitoring
Omeprazole may cause headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain and others
Clarithromycin may cause abnormal taste, nausea, increase in BUN and others
Amoxicillin may cause anemia, tooth discolouration and others
1. Charles F. Lacy et al. Drug Information Handbook 15th Edition
2. Mary Anne Koda-Kimble et al. Handbook of Applied Therapeutics 8th Edition
3. Barbara G. Wells et al. Pharmacotherapy Handbook 6th Edition


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$950 Rottweiler PuppiesRottweiler · Homestead, FL16 weeks old, ready for new homes, born on April 8, 2016. Both parents registered with AKC and NKC. Both Sire and Dam's lineage are from ...Nieves P. · 23 hours ago
$3,000 Pomeranian Puppy For SalePomeranian · Miami, FLthis beautiful puppy has 5 weeks old, a deposit of $500 is required until he has 8 weeks old, this is an unrefundable deposit. his parent...Yordanis M. · 1 day ago
$700 Havanese Puppies (2 Males, 2 Females)Havanese · Miami, FLWe have Havanese Puppies (2 Males, 2 Females) for sale. These puppies are the sweetest you can have. They are healthy and parents are on ...
$700 Sweetest West Highland White Terrier PuppiesWest Highland White Terrier · Miami, FL… are waiting to join new homes. They have been wormed, have had their shots and will come wit...
$700 2nd Generation!!! Double GoldenDoodle PuppiesGoldendoodle · Miami, FL… for sale. They are available and ready to leave for your home. Please contact preferably wi...
$1,000 Amazing English Bulldog Puppies for saleBulldog · Miami, FLAmazing puppies sire by famous CH line bulldog. if you are serious then you are welcome to come view. Please contact preferably with a ph...
$3,000 French Bulldog BellaFrench Bulldog · Miami, FL8 weeks old cream French Bulldog , she is update on shots and worming , she is very sweet pup very active and love other puppies , he has...Mike J. · 3 days ago
$5,000 AKC Blue LinoFrench Bulldog · Miami, FLchampion blood lines 10 weeks old he is 8 weeks he will be ready next week, he is blu exotic color Champion blood lines exotic coat color...Mike J. · 3 days ago
$100 Ball Python & Bearded Dragon MorphzMiami, FLLooking for High Quality Bearded Dragon & Ball Python Morphs? Visit: https://www.HurricaneExotics.com We Ship Overnight to Your Door!Hurricane Exotics Reptiles · 1 week ago
$500 Nice M&F english bulldog puppies for sale(Text via 937 530 x.0316)Bulldog · Miami, FLText via 937 530 x.0316, Nice M&F english bulldog puppies for sale, please kindly get back for more information and pics via #937 530 x.0316
$500 Trained f1 German Shepherd puppies(Text via 937 530 x.0316)German Shepherd · Miami, FLText via 937 530 x.0316, Trained f1 German Shepherd puppies, please kindly get back for more information and pics via #937 530 x.0316
$500 Vet checked Husky Puppies For Sale(Text via 937 530 x.0316)Siberian Husky · Miami, FLText via 937 530 x.0316, Vet checked Siberian Husky Puppies For Sale, please kindly get back for more information and pics via #937 530 x...
Free PigDavie, FLOnyx, Male pig 2 years oldGraciela D. · 1 day ago
$400 Chihuahua PuppiesChihuahua · Homestead, FLBeautiful little darling chihuahua puppies were born on 05/15/16 they are ready to go to your home. There is 4 females all have been vacc...Lili M. · 2 days ago
Perfect Little Toy MalteseMaltese · Fort Lauderdale, FLWe are not a PET STORE or a PUPPY BROKER. These are perfect, healthy, fluffy puppies born in our home. Mom and Dad are our pets. Our pupp...Mary M. ·1 listing · 2 weeks ago
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text:
|Key Info
Our bed and breakfast is situated in the beautiful Vallee de la Dordogne, surrounded by open countryside and picturesque views. As we are in the heart of the countryside a car is essential for getting around, although we are just 5 mins drive from a busy market town with at least 6 good restaurants, cafes, bars and shops. There are also all year round festivals and lively markets all within a 10 minute drive.The property is a recently renovated farmhouse with a separate ground floor Bed and Breakfast annexe for guests. The annexe is located to the rear of the property and is 50 square metres overall. It consists of a large, light and airy double room, a separate dressing area containing a wardrobe and this leads on to a private bathroom, there is English satellite TV and a DVD player. French doors open out on to your own private patio where you can take breakfast in the sun. You therefore have your own separate access so you can come and go as you please. There is free wi-fi access and over an acre of private garden to relax in with far reaching views across the local countryside.
As we are a traditional Bed & Breakfast there are no cooking facilities in the room, although there are tea & coffee making facilities together with a refrigerator where you can keep cold snacks and drinks. We also offer table d ' hote giving you a 3 course evening meal cooked by an ex-chef using fresh local produce and vegetables from our own garden at 22 euros per person. Whether you're on your way further down south and just need to break your journey or you are planning on staying in the area for a longer duration, we offer comfort and convenience as well as a quiet restful nights sleep. We are also conveniently situated (10 minutes drive) to a local medieval town where you have lots of bars, restaurants, cafes and local shops and if you are attending a wedding or special function at the Chateaux La Duranti then we are only 10 mins away by car (if you require transport to and from the Chateau then this can be arranged for you). There is lots to see and do in the area and many famous chateaux to visit including the grand Chateau Pompadour. Chateau Haute Forte and Jumilac-le-Grand - all within a 15 to 20 minute drive. There is also a beach at Rouffiac offering all types of water sports or just a relaxing day on the beach. When you plan your visit to this beautiful region of France, consider us for your stay.
|Sleeps up to 2, 1 bedrooms
|1 bedroom, 1 bathrooms of which 1 en suite
|Nearest beach
|Rouffiac 5 km
|Car advised
|Nearest Amenities
|10 km
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Bergerac or Brive, Nearest railway: St Yrieix la Perche
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
|Internet access, DVD player
|Central heating, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi available
|Double Beds (1), Lounge seats for 2
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Balcony or terrace, Private garden
|Secure parking, Wheelchair users
Situated in the beautiful Dordogne, with breathtaking scenery in every direction and long hot summer days. Known for it's chateaux with their immaculately well kept gardens. We are situated not too far from the historic and medieval city of Perigueux for interesting days out and you are never too far away from a busy market town.
For a different day out why not try visiting the caves of Tourtairac with it's stalegtites and stalegmites, they also have evening tours where the caves are lit up and is truly spectacular.
The area is well know for it's gastronomy with the local speciality being locally reared duck, foie gras, walnuts and truffles. There are many restaurants close by all offering the southern flavour of France.
Our Bed & Breakfast is situated in the countryside yet only 10 mins from a major town with all its amenities. The area also boasts a beach only 5 mins away where you can also undertake a variety of watersports or just walk for miles in the countryside. There are specifically managed hiking and cycling paths all around us all of which are well marked. Our local town also hosts evening markets during the summer months of July and August and has a medieval section with some unique shops and cafes. Within a 10 minute drive is the medieval village of Segur le Chateau listed as one of the most beautiful villages in france, situated on a river with quaint restaurants and cafes, the scenery is so beautiful that it is a haven for local artists and you will often see them putting up their easels along the banks of the river. The market town of Thiviers is close by with it's large bustling Saturday market and the village of Brantome (known as the Venice France) is about 30 minutes away and well worth a visit.
Although there are many restaurants in the area, if you decide not to go out we are able to offer you "table d'hote" giving you a 3 course evening meal with wine for 18 euros per person, more details are available on request.
Tea & Coffee making facilities are provided together with a fridge in case you want to keep something cool, perhaps some wine, beers or fruit juices or snacks for relaxing around the pool.


text:
Not Here
The first thing you notice, when you get into the secret conference room, on the third floor of the NBA offices in Secaucus, N.J., is that three people are missing.
Who is it who got the honor of representing the Timberwolves here tonight? Who from the Suns will be making certain that nothing untoward happens with the drawing of the pingpong balls? Who will pump his fist in the air on behalf of the Los Angeles Clippers?
The answer, on all three counts, was: Nobody.
It seems absurd, but: Is this a sign of the economy? Are teams saving on travel?
The way the system works is that every team is invited to send two official representatives. One witnesses the proceedings and is locked in this room so as to not spill the beans and ruin the broadcast. The other, who has no idea what happened, is on the stage.
Can you imagine if 14 teams took the same approach as those three? It would make the whole drawing almost meaningless.
Not Rigged
A sizable contingent of those not invited into the secret room harbor the suspicion that maybe, just maybe, this event is rigged. Those of us who get to go into that room have a certain obligation to see if it is.
It isn't.
In honesty, I have no real way to assess that.
But I can tell you this:
There is a machine that is used in all kinds of lotteries besides this one. It belongs to a company that uses it the rest of the year for other things like state lotteries.
The balls that go in there have the proper numbers on there and appear to be round. They whiz around and around like crazy in that machine, with all kinds of people watching. The lever is pulled at the pre-approved moment.
While NBA fans love talking about the fact that the draft lottery may be rigged, the people in this room, who have careers and fortunes that hinge on this moment, and some of whom may be fired do not express the slightest suspicion that this may not be on the up and up. Honestly, I talked to half the team representatives, and to a man they find it amusing that people think this is not legit. Jeff Weltman, of the Bucks, expressed amazement that people think it's anything but random, pointing out that he has heard people suggest that executives who represent a team that does poorly in the lottery are sometimes treated like they are to blame.
If you were going to rig the lottery, no way in hell you'd rig it for the Clippers. They're famous for being bad, and cost-conscious. The owner has had legal entanglements involving two third-rails of public life: sex and discrimination. They have players like Zach Randolph that the NBA presumably would rather not publicize. And most importantly: They have players under contract at power forward/center (Zach Randolph, Marcus Camby, Chris Kaman) and point guard, the two positions represented by the best players in this draft. And nobody in the draft room! With apologies to Clipper fans, there could hardly be a less exciting outcome.
The Clippers didn't just win the first pick. They won the second pick too! The first four ball combination was 5, 3, 6, 10. Bingo. Clippers get the top pick. The second combination was 5, 6, 3, 4. Also the Clippers! The balls were placed back in the machine for a do-over, which went to the Grizzlies. I don't know what the chances are of this happening (the Clippers had about a 17% chance each of getting the first and second picks) but it has to be about as likely as a power outage, which as I'll explain would have been a lot more fun.
An Aside: Lou, Jeff, and Contingencies
The NBA's president, Joel Litvin, explained that in a "disaster scenario," for instance if the machine malfunctioned or there was a power outage, they would instead put the 14 lottery balls into an official NBA basketball that had been cut open, then someone would fish around with their hand and pull out the balls. (This seems so unscientific, but in reality it's pretty much exactly how the real lottery used to happen with the envelopes in the big tumbler thing.)
I found myself praying for a power outage, just to see that. Can you imagine? And presumably it would be in the pitch black. As an event, this would kill the actual lottery drawing. Glitzy performance lottery ... meet gritty dark lottery. Not to mention, it would be followed by 14 (or, umm 11) team executives locked in a room together with reporters and snacks.
NBA Vice President of Events and Attractions Lou DiSabatino, and a manager in his department named Jeffrey Rossi, tell me that they practiced the hollowed out ball drawing earlier in the day. This has to happen some time, I suggest. They don't share my enthusiasm.
Lou, incidentally, is the guy who pulls the lever to release the air, which sweeps up a ball into the tube to determine who wins the lottery. Another "disaster scenario" would be for Lou to hold the lever open too long, causing balls to shoot all over the room like popcorn on the stove top with the lid off. Before the event begins, Litvin explains that should this happen the balls will be gathered up and stuck back in the machine. I'm thinking that if this happened in a James Bond movie, somebody would have a specially weighted #14 ball to replace the real one.
Lou will not make this mistake. Everything is very practiced and precise. The first ball is drawn twenty seconds after the balls start whirring in the machine. The remaining balls are drawn at ten second intervals. Rossi does the timing. But here's the fancy part: Rossi clutches a stopwatch, four yards away with his back turned to DiSabatino. When the requisite number of seconds have ticked off, he raises a hand, and then Lou pulls the lever.
Why is his back turned?
I asked, and it's to prevent any possibility that the two would collude, and time up the release of a ball to achieve a certain result.
Did I mention they rehearsed this? Talk about Life's Rich Pageant.
After the drawing was completed, I guess the ideal thing would have been for one guy to jump up and down with joy while everybody else stared daggers at him and forced smiles. (I'm under the impression this is more or less what happened two years ago, when Portland won.) Perhaps everyone would enjoy a drink, for different reasons. And then we'd go home.
But instead, everyone more or less sat there, murmuring to each other or not talking at all. Rows of Aeron chairs, and ties, and suits, and quiet.
The handful of reporters in the room tapped away at laptops, but honestly, what was there to write about?
My notepad had things on it like: "Sam Presti, learning the Thunder have the third pick, takes notes and nods in a ho-hum motion."
We're not allowed to leave for more than an hour. The food is way better downstairs. It seems really odd not to be texting Kevin Arnovitz of ClipperBlog to tell him his team won the lottery, but I have surrendered my phone and the whole point of being in the room is not to tell anybody.
Sacramento: Stiff Upper Lip
Pop quiz: Who owns the Sacramento Kings? The Maloofs! Of course. Everyone knows that.
But not just the Maloofs. Also, it turns out, a guy named John Kehriotis. He owns a lot of property in Sacramento, an Embassy Suites, and various other things. He is present with the same good luck charm that helped bring the team Jason Williams back when the Kings were a role model franchise. It's a little plastic troll-looking thing that Geoff Petrie, we learn, calls "the man."
Kehriotis is somehow doing a reasonably convincing job of being upbeat ("we're going to get a good player"), even though the team with the worst record in the NBA, with the worst arena in the NBA, jus
t fell to fourth, the worst pick they could have possibly had.
There has been talk, lately, that the team may flee Sacramento. The top overall pick would have been helpful in generating the kind of excitement that will be necessary to get locals excited about paying for a new arena. The fourth pick, in a weak draft? Potentially helpful, but nothing to build a campaign around. Perhaps the most exciting thing on the Kings' horizon turned out badly.
So he says that Geoff Petrie has a gift with the draft, and that fourth is an excellent pick. He says "there's a high probability we'll have a new coach soon" and says interviews with Eddie Jordan and Paul Westphal went very well.
"We want to stay in Sacramento," he explains. "We're working with the mayor on a new arena." When will we know if there's an arena forthcoming?
No schedule.
He explains that a new arena really is necessary. "Since high-definition [TV]," he says, "you really have got to offer a lot to be competitive." He talks about better restrooms, restaurants, and club seats. He talks about having two tiers of luxury boxes. He says the current visiting locker room is not suitable for a high-school team. He says people these days want better food, and says that creating a certain kind of ambience is marketing. He says that better facilities can help the team -- because players want to be in nice places.
In this economy, with this lackluster team, and now this pick ... the whole thing just feels so unlikely.
I ask him if it seems weird, to be in this room, having important things like this decided by that machine, a yard from us, that spits out lottery balls.
He says he thinks the system is a good one.
The Compass: Sam Presti
Two seats to John Kehriotis' right, Oklahoma GM Sam Presti is rubbing a small antique compass. His team moved up one spot, from fourth, to third. He says the compass was a gift from his girlfriend. And it worked, as they moved north one spot.
Presti has a reputation for being guarded with the media. In a way, it seems ill-founded. We talked for twenty minutes about all kinds of stuff. I took notes the entire time. But then I read those notes and ... really ... he didn't say anything that would make headlines.
For instance, I asked about his team's approach to statistical analysis, and whether or not they were one of the teams that charted plays to create their own statistical database, like the Rockets. His response: "I really value information, whether it's subjective or objective. I always want to have as much of it as I can ... I don't think we'll all end up doing it the same way, and that's what makes the NBA what it is. For us, we like information. But not a lot of teams are going to keep up with [Houston GM Morey] Daryl and his crew. They are a really innovative group that has done a great job."
(For what it's worth, I have it on good authority the Thunder do retain a stat expert.)
I asked about his ho-hum reaction to learning he had moved up a spot. "That's just kind of me," he said. And then he talked about how it was kind of nice to be able to better hone in the player research that must be done between now and the draft.
He's more passionate on the topic of building a winner. We talked a lot about how the players on the Thunder only won 23 games, but they have a process and a system that the whole organization believes in, and through all the losing nobody pointed fingers at each other. He talked about having building blocks. He talked about how every player and even coach Scott Brooks had committed to improving over the summer. (What would that entail? "A lot of film work, visiting players, visiting other coaches and picking their brains, self analysis ...")
"We like the direction," he says. "We feel we have been able to accumulate players with the right mindset, and they're working with passion to get better. This is another opportunity to get one of those players."
Perhaps the Unluckiest of All
Before the lottery, there was a mini-lottery, to break a tie between the Clippers and the Wizards. The Clippers "lost." The NBA's Jamin Dershowitz explains that the tie-break determined two things: Which team got one extra combination of numbers, out of a thousand, and which team got the set of numbers that go to the third-worst team.
In other words, the set of numbers that resulted in the top overall pick.
Instead of having those winning numbers, the Wizards -- who only won two more games than the Kings -- ended up fifth.
The best part of the whole deal is this: You know how they do those tie-breakers? They don't flip a coin. No sir. In a way, the first pick in the lottery was decided just as I hoped it would be. With a hand, reaching into a basketball that has been cut open, and drawing out a pingpong ball.


text:
There has been a lot of material written about how people are affected by names. Some psychologists have even gone so far as to tell us that children are handicapped by names which they find unattractive.
I wonder what happens in a dog's world?
My good friend, Charlie, had a litter mate out of the same bunch as my long-departed three-legged dog. I called my dog Lightning. He chose to call his dog Sevey. When asked how he got this name, he gave the answer that he apparently likes Sevey Ballestaros, the Spanish golfer who happens to be a male. His dog is a female, so there is no assessing the trauma she suffered in her early life, being a female and spending time answering to a male name. Maybe that's why she never pays any attention to him when he calls.
After my dog disappeared, the family wanted a relative of Lightning, so Charlie agreed to have Ms. Sevey bred to a male dog in Iola and I would take one of the pups. We went through a lot of trials and problems, but eventually Sevey gave birth to two female and three male pups, although not without trouble. The first two came naturally. Then Sevey began having trouble and only a trip to the vet and a c-section allowed the three males to be born.
When it came time to choose a pup, I stopped by their house and he turned the litter of five loose in the yard. One immediately came over to me and began chewing on my shoe and wouldn't leave it alone the whole time I was there. Thinking it was I that was doing the picking, I soon found out that the little dog had picked me. Charlie also informed me that the family had named all the dogs. I was almost afraid to ask what my dog's name was. They were only too happy to tell me my pup had been named "Biscuit."
Can you see yourself out hunting with a couple of grizzled sportsmen, calling their dogs? Saying, "Come in Spot," "Over there, Sport," "Killer, there is a bird off to the left," and "Come here, King." Picture me saying, "Oh, Biscuit, oh Biscuit, would you please bring in that bird?" I predict that if this goes on very long, they will be unable to shoot, as they will be doubled over in laughter, pointing their fingers at my poor puppy. I can only theorize the heartbreak and hurt feelings this poor pup will have, being called Biscuit on a daily basis.
The name Biscuit brings up the picture of a hound beside the back door cleaning up the table scraps, rather than a hard-charging hunting dog. I wonder what the effect would be if I changed names. Something like Reginald or perhaps Liberace.
Editors note: This column originally appeared in the Oct. 8, 1988 edition of the Fort Scott Tribune.


text:
lmao speaking of someone who googled. Yes those are the prices of crossfire memory sticks on ati's website. So you were asking for what? The model number? He didn't order them off of ATI.com.
And as far as the motherboard goes, I don't remeber specifically what the board was, something with mvp in the model number, that was part of the barebone system, because like I said, it isn't my computer. You would have to ask my friend to see his email receipt from tiger direct if you want all the details.
The real question is, how much more googling would you have to do if I was to ask how you managed to spend 7 grand on 1 pc?
Well half of the credits were earned at the university of iowa, and the other half at kirkwood, where quite a few tech employees of rockwell collins(u.s. contractor) go to.I hope nobody goes to the school you went to. Talk about a ripoff lmao!


text:
Daily News
Daily News has a new location.
Board of Trustees
The Cincinnati State Board of Trustees will meet in regular session Tuesday, April 26 at 3:45 p.m. in the Conference Center (Room 342), Main Building, Clifton Campus, 3520 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH, 45223.
Press Releases
July 2014
7/23/14 Cincinnati State trustees reject Factfinder recommendations
7/9/14 Cincinnati State plans Fast Track sessions
7/9/14 SunCoke, Cincinnati State training partnership brings results
June 2014
6/30/14 Cincinnati State to host high school leadership summit
06/11/14 Cincinnati State student wins Kroger scholarship
6/10/14 Cincinnati State to offer welding degree
6/3/14 Cincinnati State to host legislative luncheon in Middletown
6/3/14 Cincinnati State to host 'Lunch & Learn' event for employers
6/2/14 Robert McKenna retires from Cincinnati State Board of Trustees
May 2014
5/28/14 Cincinnati State trustee to receive educational leadership award
5/27/14 Cincinnati State to raise tuition; maximum is $100 a year
5/7/14 John Ruthven is featured speaker at Cincinnati State Middletown
5/2/14 Cincinnati State students named to All-Ohio academic teams
April 2014
4/30/14 Cincinnati State to offer Solidworks design course this summer
4/29/14 Mayor Cranley to give commencement address at Cincinnati State
4/24/14 Cincinnati State celebrates faculty excellence with awards program
4/23/14 Summit Restaurant to host Mother's Day brunch
4/15/14 Diamond Anniversary '1 Night 12 Kitchens' is April 27
4/8/14 Cincinnati State to offer series of 10-week Summer Semester courses
4/8/14 Mid-Mester Lineup for Summer 2014
4/3/14 Cincinnati State to host 'Environmental Earth Jam' on April 10
March 2014
3/31/14 Cincinnati State to host naturalization ceremony, reception
3/26/14 Midwest Culinary Institute to host regional competition
3/25/14 Cincinnati State Middletown to host Community Workshop series
3/24/14 Cincinnati Technical College graduate promoted to U.S. Army colonel
3/24/14 Partnership between Cincinnati State, Ohio University gives nursing students affordable options for bachelor's degree
03/18/2014 - Cincinnati State Fire Service Program Earns National Recognition
03/10/2014 - We're Happy – Take A Look
03/06/2014 - Cincinnati State Chef Wins Local ACF "Educator of the Year" Award
February 2014
02/21/2014 - Cincinnati State Students Take Top Honors In Local ADDY Competition
02/21/2014 - Cincinnati State Trustees Will Meet February 25 In Regular Session
02/21/2014 - U.S. Energy Dept. To Host Regional Science Bowl At Cincinnati State On Feb. 22
02/19/2014 - Siemens makes $66.8M Software Grant to Cincinnati State Technical and Community College
02/12/2014 - Midwest Culinary Institute Team Wins Bronze In Statewide Competition
02/06/2014 - E-Waste Is Focus Of Cincinnati State High School Environmental Day Feb. 12
January 2014
01/27/2014 - Cincinnati State Trustees Meeting Jan. 28 Is Cancelled
01/23/2014 - Cincinnati State Trustees Will Meet Jan. 28 In Regular Session
01/15/2014 - Cincinnati State Wins Grant To Promote Its Laser Major
01/10/2014 - Cincinnati State To Host Adult Learner Workshop Saturday, Feb. 8
November 2013
October 2013
September 2013
August 2013
July 2013
June 2013
May 2013
April 2013
March 2013
February 2013
January 2013


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G. Stoecklein
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If you have any additions, corrections please contact me at "suggest correction" button since that will provide a link to the page. Include all info including bio of individual if you wish.
Love genealogy and visiting cemeteries. I'm hoping by listing cemeteries I will be able to help someone in their research. Unfortunately I am related to very few of the entries I have made.
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great grandmother rebecca birch
Dear Mr. Stoecklein
My grandfather was mother was Rebecca. I do not know very much about the Birch family. I wondered if you had any other names besides William and Winfield, and Henry. Were the Birch's Scots-Irish, English, or German ? My e-mail is firstname.lastname@example.com
thanks for any information
sincerely jim
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on Sep 28, 2016 5:01 PM
Linda Konrad
Thanks so much for transferring Hannah and Thomas Campbell. I'll soon make additions and links.
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Ever since becoming secretary of agriculture in 2009, Tom Vilsack pushed for the passage of a comprehensive new Farm Bill. Now that one has been signed into law, he finally gets to oversee its implementation. In January, the Senate passed a five-year Farm Bill that maintained safeguards for farmers while reforming subsidies seen by many as wasteful. It included increased funding for local and organic food systems, but cut $8.6 billion from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ...
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full size
Product Details
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Size & Fit Details
Striped suede-shoulder T-shirt
Rated 3.9 out of 5 by 23 reviewers.
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Rated 4 out of 5 by Rachel Love it, but... There are few issues with this shirt - one being what the other reviewer stated in terms of the shoulders/suede not laying correctly. For that reason, I felt like it runs a bit on the larger size. I personally would not size up in this. I am between a 0 and 2, and got the XS. The second issue is that it is dry clean only...that coupled with the price, just don't know if it is worth it. But, I kept and got compliments on it the first time I wore it. September 23, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Boro LOVE THIS SHIRT!!! fit is perfect and i didnt have any problems with the leather shoulders not laying flat like i read in another review. (Perhaps because the shirt really fit my frame well) I ordered a size medium and i am 6'0 tall and weigh about 159 lbs, and have a slim athletic build. The shirt looks great with jeans. I just LOVE IT!! October 7, 2015
Rated 2 out of 5 by FleurDF Almost I really wanted to love this piece, but the sizing was just too awkward. I ordered in my typical size small and the sleeves and shoulders fit well, but the torso was cut in more of an unflattering boxy way =/ It would have been perfect if they have cut it with a more slim-fitting curve. October 19, 2015


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Marines with 2/1 participate in raid leaders course
Marines.mil | Jul 22 2015
MARINE CORPS BASE CAMP PENDLETON, Calif. (June 9, 2015) -- His weapon was steady and level as he glided over the flat terrain. Bullets quickly riddled the circular target with holes as the Marine sighted in on his next objective. When he was finished, an instructor tallied his score, which resulted in two pushups for two missed shots.
Marines with 2nd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division, participated in Special Operations Training Group's Raid Leaders Course at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California, June 9, 2015. The two-week long course focuses on preparing Marines for what to expect during combat raids.
The first week of their training consisted of marksmanship shooting, weapon manipulation, close-quarter tactics and room clearing. During the second week, the training focused on breaching, providing security, urban covert movement, vehicle assaults, and support by fire.
"This is a 'train the trainer' type course," said Sgt Nathan Sleeman, a SOTG Raid Leaders Course instructor. "It doesn't really focus on the leadership aspect, but rather on showing the Marines how and what to rehearse, so that they can teach everybody in their squad to be thinkers, versus trying to move them around like chess pieces."
Students learn about all the details that go into conducting raids. They perfect their skills so they can go back to their units and the Marines can teach their squads to be just as proficient, said Cpl William Morgan, an anti-tank missileman with 2nd Bn., 1st Marines.
"The biggest thing I learned this week was how to shoot and clear stoppages," said Morgan. "How this course teaches it is totally different and way better than any way I've learned before."
Students get to see the bigger picture of the planning process, said Sleeman. The Marines learn what their role is from the start to the finish of a mission, said Sleeman.
"The biggest thing that we push is to be a thinker, rather than waiting on someone to tell them what to do," said Sleeman. "It's important for Marines to know the situation they're in and to be able to make the call when a decision is necessary."
SOTG will continue to provide opportunities for Marines that will keep them mission ready and prepared for anything.
Marines.mil is the official website of the United States Marine Corps and is maintained by the Marine Corps' Division of Public Affairs.
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Your mother was right.
For years, women have been passing along the secret to treating and preventing urinary tract infections, or UTIs. Cranberries. And a new study confirmed the theory and found that cranberry consumption can cut the risk of recurrent UTIs by as much as 47 percent.
The study, published recently in the Archives of Internal Medicine, was conducted by researchers from National Taiwan University Hospital. The team looked at 13 studies in which participants, mostly women, were asked to consume cranberry products or a cranberry-free placebo for the course of the trial. Most of the studies lasted six months.
Researchers found that those who regularly drink cranberry juice or take cranberry capsules are less likely to get urinary tract infections. Cranberry consumption was particularly helpful for women who had trouble with recurrent UTIs.
Overall, the study participants who consumed cranberry products on a daily basis had 38 percent fewer UTIs than those who took a placebo. Women who had a history of recurrent UTIs, reduced their risk of future infections by 47 percent while taking cranberry products.
Why are cranberries such potent UTI fighters? The studies suggest that certain compounds in cranberries might prevent bacteria from attaching to tissue in the urinary tract, thereby preventing infection.


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iBUYPOWER Gaming PC Intel Core i5 (3.1GHz), 8GB DDR3 1333MHz, 1TB HDD, Windows 8 64-bit - TG632Item#: KBU-102029044 | Model#: TG632
Currently Out Of Stock!
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iBUYPOWER TG632 Gaming PC Product Details
iBUYPOWER TG632 Gaming PC
Indulge into high performance gaming with the iBUYPOWER TG632 Gaming PC. This Stylish PC sports a 3.1 GHz Core i5 processor with 8GB of DDR3 RAM to give you path breaking performance. The 1TB HDD provides ample storage for all your favorite games and other files. Windows 8 64Bit OS comes preinstalled and runs all the popular games and applications. The AMD Radeon R9 270X Graphic Card with the 2GB Video Memory ensures to give you brilliant visuals on intensive games. The machine also has 8 USB ports, an HDMI Port, DVD RW, Integrated HD Audio, WiFi, & Ethernet. Buy the power packed iBUYPOWER TG632 Gaming PC today!
What It Is And Why You Need It:
- 3.1GHz Core i5 Processor; superior processor for a better processing speed
- 8GB DDR3 RAM; huge memory to run intensive games lag-free
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- AMD Radeon R9 270X Graphic Card; state-of art graphics from the masters themselves
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2016 Kappa Kappa Gamma Holiday Homes Tour
Join us for the 65th annual Kappa Kappa Gamma Holiday Homes Tour. This year, four of Kansas City's finest homes are on display, decorated for the holidays by outstanding local florists. The tour has raised more than $2 million for area non-profits and the Kappa Foundation since its inception. The two-day event will be held Wednesday, December 7th and Thursday, December 8th.
Tour tickets are $25 in advance at local outlets, including Hen House markets and tour florists, as well as from area Kappas and online. Tickets also are available for $30 on the days of the tour at the featured homes.


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BALTIMORE - A Methodist church panel on Friday weighed whether to reinstate Frank Schaefer, the Pennsylvania pastor defrocked after he officiated at his gay son's wedding, with some members making clear they questioned the penalty's legality under church law.
During the hearing, the members grilled the pastor who prosecuted Schaefer's case about the punishment and how it was imposed, including whether Schaefer, of Lebanon, Pa., could be disciplined for not promising to uphold the church discipline "in its entirety."
"Do you really think it is actually possible for all of us elders to uphold completely - from beginning to end - the discipline?" Lyssette Perez, a pastor from New Jersey, asked.


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Top Definition
West Indian word (Trinidadian) means stupid or disoriented.
The phone wake mi up outta a deep sleep and a get up bazodee.
od uživatele Trancer 02. duben 2004
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
When a woman is so horny that she can't think straight.
De iron have meh so bazodee.
od uživatele Zechariah 15. březen 2008


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Join a group of people changing the world in the most effective and efficient way possible: Sustainers of Action. Sustainers of Action support both the immediate needs and the expansion of iACT's innovative, community-based programs in central Africa. They make it possible for iACT to be flexible and responsive in difficult environments and to look […]CONTINUE READING
This blog was originally posted on LittleRipples.org For more than six months now, a small group of Little Ripples Expert Teacher Advisors (ETAs) has been working hard to answer two important questions, "How do we connect our children here with the refugee children of Little Ripples?" and "How do we use that connection to foster […]CONTINUE READING
This statement was originally posted on darfurunited.com. Thank you so much for your support of the participation of the Darfur United Men's Team in the World Unity Cup, which will be held in London. We just found out that the players were not granted visas to enter the United Kingdom, and so, unfortunately, we have […]CONTINUE READING
For more than a year, iACT has been working with Mustangs4Change leaders Micaela Tomaro, Amalia Lohuis, and Julia Nuttall-Smith to grow their leadership skills, engage the Mira Costa High School community, and foster empathy in their club members. Hill Section Life, a local Manhattan Beach magazine has highlighted their work. To read the article, download […]CONTINUE READING
Last week, iACT team members Gabriel Stauring and Sara-Christine Dallain completed iACT's 24th trip to eastern Chad and the organization's first visit to refugee sites in Cameroon. It was a momentous trip for iACT and we're excited to share the highlights, insights, and learnings with you! Here's an overview of the trip—but for more details […]CONTINUE READING


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CONFERENCE SERIES: GenomicsRecorded at: XGen Congress
Digital Course: A Practical Guide to Finding Regions of Chromosomal Copy Number Gain or Loss
March 15, 2010
About this Product: This digital course will compare and contrast different methods used to find regions of copy number change and provide a practical guide to finding and validating these genomic regions.
Product Preview:
About the Conference: The resulting applications of newly developed whole-genome scanning technologies have catalyzed the appreciation of copy number variation (CNV) in the genomic community. Studies linking insertions, deletions, and inversions to disease etiology continue to multiply. As genome-wide scanning techniques become more widely used in diagnostic laboratories, the major challenge is how to accurately interpret which variations are pathogenic in nature and which are benign.
Agenda at a Glance: The increased popularity and simplification of large scale gene expression experiments have enabled many scientists to incorporate comparative genomics into their routine experimentation. With the increased availability of SNP arrays, large scale assays to measure differences in abundance of genomic DNA are now available; however, the analysis methods are not as mature as methods to identify differentially expressed genes. This course will compare and contrast different methods used to find regions of copy number change and provide a practical guide to finding and validating these genomic regions.
Topics to be covered include:
Instructors: Thomas J. Downey, President, Partek, Inc.
Biography: Tom Downey is the President and CEO of Partek Incorporated in St. Louis, Missouri. He has been a Partek employee since 1993, and he has over twenty years of experience in computer and electrical engineering and data analysis. Downey has been published in journals including as Genetic Epidemiology and Genome Biology.
Min Li, Ph.D., Field Application Scientist, Partek, Inc.
Biography: Dr. Min Li is a field application scientist from Partek Incorporated. She got her Ph.D. from the Ohio State University in 2008 and has been focused on gene expression and copy number variation data analysis since then.
About this Product: 3 Presentations Over 83 slides 156 minutes Single Copy - $345.00 Site License - $1,380.00
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Aqsa Screen Saver will put images of the oldest mosque on your screen.
This beautiful screen saver will take you on a tour to this magnificent place where all Muslims must go at least once in their lives.
You will also listen to the prayers that people do in this place. The feeling is so intense that you will almost feel there.
ABF Slide Show Screen Saver is a screen saver with cool looking effects and abilities to show pictures ether from local folders or from the web.
ZD Soft Screen Saver is a real "screen saver" which can record screen activities to a video file that can be set as your favorite screensaver.
Screen Effects is a screen saver that shows the view of your desktop in many frames, like picture shots. Every time the screen saver is executed, Screen Effects shows the frames randomized. To utilize Screen Saver you have to open "Display Properties - Screen Saver tab" of your computer.
Dcat Screen Saver plays your favorite music and displays your desired pictures.
You can set the timing between images, and you can choose among more than 80 different transitions that can be adjusted to the speed that you prefer.
The Dcat Screen Saver has a very good audio player built-in.
It will allow you to play your favorite music in MP3, WAV and Module formats.
Create and distribute your own professional screen savers, royalty free. It provides support for over 20 image and video formats; all popular audio formats (MP3, WMA, WAV, MIDI, AIFF, SND, etc); over 120 special effects; and much more!
Create a colorful screen saver with great visual effects from any SWF project. Make a statement about your company or promote your services with a custom screen saver. Protect your work and distribute your SWF animation to as many viewers as possible
If you have several screen savers on your computer, the Stardust Screen Saver Control is a utility that will help you to manage them and launch the screen saver you want to display. The program takes up very little of your system resources and sits neatly in your task bar. With a single click, the program's menu pops up and provides you with several options and choices.
RAM Saver Professional is one of those programs that frees system memory to make applications load faster. This can be advantageous for computers to have very little amount of RAM. Saving RAM - if done improperly - might cause some problems such as the running programs becoming slower.
This application is a nice clock-like screen saver that displays the current time and date on your desktop when the computer is not in use. The program comes with three clock-displaying modes: analog, digital, and text digital clock faces. You have the ability to set different colors for each element. In addition, it supports playing sounds.
Digital Clock Screen Saver can displays a very large glowing digital time display when your computer is idle. Advantages of this screen saver include optional flashing time separator (for each second) and slow movement around your screen to prevent burn in.
Is not recommended for screen resolutions less than 1024 x 768.
For all of you who enjoyed Matrix - the movie, Meticulous Software has developed TheMatrix Screen Saver. It is an excellent product that will immediately transport you to Reality and you will become part of the code, part of the Matrix. Your computer will be the exact replica of those that appear in the movie.
Using Ultra Screen Saver Maker you can add images, sounds, movies, Flash animations, text, websites or images using keyword search to your own screensaver.
You just collect media files, preview them and simply add to your screen saver project using a point-and-click interface. You can also add text, date and time using different fonts and effects.
This screensaver features a great amount of money swimming around in the pool full of bills. Its comprehensive control panel allows you to choose different currencies and effects, and to customize many of the screensaver's settings. You can make any combination of currencies.
GIGABYTE Dynamic Energy Saver incorporates a host of intelligent features that use a proprietary hardware and software design to considerably enhance PC system energy efficiency, reduce power consumption and deliver optimized auto-phase-switching for the CPU, Memory, Chipset, VGA, HDD and system fans.
Haunted House Screensaver is a free screansaver.
The case of the Garrisons is lesser known, but the mystery surrounding the events that transpired are even more disturbing. This screensaver is not for the faint of heart. Download this free screensaver and discover the rest of the story.
3D Butterflies Screen Saver will fill your desktop with many adorable butterflies. They will appear right on the desktop and start to shine with vivid colors. All the presented butterflies are the exact copies of the real ones. This nice 3D screen saver will serve as an ideal remedy to make you spry and vigorous in no time.


text: Home Page ContentNCUA Reports Continued Improvement in Corporate Resolution CostsNew updates on the costs associated with the Corporate Resolution Program, the performance of the NCUA Guaranteed Notes Program, and the total anticipated assessments credit unions will pay during the life of the Stabilization Fund is now available on our website. More NCUA Sets Budget Briefing for Oct. 27NCUA will hold a public briefing on its proposed 2017–2018 budget on Thursday, Oct. 27, from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern in the agency's boardroom in Alexandria, Virginia. The agency plans to release its draft budget during the week of Oct. 9 to give interested parties ample time to review the document prior to the briefing. Comments suggesting specific changes to the proposed 2017–2018 budget are due Friday, Nov. 4, at 5 p.m. Eastern. More NCUA's Feds Feed Families Contributions Will Provide 57,308 MealsDonations from NCUA staff to the annual Feds Feed Families food drive will provide 57,308 meals in the coming year. Agency employees donated a total of 68,770 pounds of food during the 2016 drive, which ran from June 1 through Aug. 31. The total includes 13,894 pounds of fresh food from local farms saved by several NCUA employees and family members in a warehouse gleaning operation. More Median Loan Growth Positive in Every State; Nevada, Washington HighestNationally, median growth in loans outstanding was 4.3 percent over the year ending in the second quarter of 2016, up from 4.0 percent the previous year, according to NCUA's latest Quarterly State Map Review. The highest median growth rates for loans were in Nevada (10.0 percent) and Washington (9.2 percent). Median loan growth was slowest in Pennsylvania (0.8 percent) and the District of Columbia (1.3 percent). More Credit Unions Must Prep for New Cyber RisksAt its September open meeting, the NCUA received a briefing from the Office of Examination and Insurance on the rapidly changing nature of cybersecurity. The agency's Chief Financial Officer also briefed the Board on the performance of the Temporary Corporate Credit Union Stabilization Fund, which performed well in the first half of 2016. More Submit a Comment on a Proposed Rule NCUA invites the public to submit a comment on any of its proposed rules. More Assistance to Small Credit Unions Learn more about NCUA's programs that help small and low-income credit unions thrive. More Share Insurance Coverage NCUA insures member deposits up to $250,000 in a federally insured credit union. More Letters to Credit Unions Guidance on policies, compliance and other issues that affect federally insured credit unions. More


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Posted on January 7, 2014 in Miscellaneous
I don't know about you guys, but I am ready for tennis season to be back in full force! I am counting down the days until the Australian Open! But until then, let's discuss some player/coach relationships as it seems like lately there has been an influx of new relationships being formed. It's not new […]
Posted on May 12, 2011 in Racquets
Snauwaert Vitas Gerulaitis
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O serviço Oficial de Notícias da Adventista do Sétimo DiaIgreja Mundial
Dec 19, 2013 | Duration: 00:28:30 | Subscribe to podcast (iTunes) | Podcast link
This week on ANN: support for a Muslim woman in a workplace religious freedom case, marking one year of evangelism in New York City, and an Adventist family is determined to find Teleka Patrick, who went missing earlier this month.
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This blog is written by Abernethy staff throughout the changing seasons here on the reserve.
During summer it's likely there'll be more frequent blogs as the ospreys return to breed at the Loch Garten nest and the drama unfolds.
We hope you enjoy following life at Abernethy reserve.
Thanks for reading!
We're busy, busy, busy, right now, with our continued preparations, so in haste, just a wee up-date.
Whilst ospreys have been sighted at various places around UK, including in this area, we as yet have not had any sightings at Loch Garten.
A bird was seen flying over Insh Marshes RSPB reserve last Thursday, another seen near Aviemore on Friday and another (or the same one?) at the Kessock bridge at Inverness on Friday too. These early birds just might be ospreys from much further north, heading up to Scandinavia, maybe. Who knows?
Anyway our preparations continue. We hope to have the the live-streaming camera on the web very soon, so hopefully you'll be able to witness the moment we first get a bird - if you happen to be watching at the time! Will it be EJ?
Though in days to come, you will hopefully see a bird arrive, please remember we do not open to visitors until Wednesday 1st April. Thanks.
Meantime, compared to last weeks glorious weather, it has turned driech this week, but it would seem that this hasn't stopped ospreys at least, from arriving in Highland. Curlews, oystercatchers and lapwings are back in farm & croft fields. Song thrushes, siskins and pied wagtails are back too, not true migrants as such, but birds that leave this area in winter and re-appear about now. Nice to see them back. The hot spell last week, brought bumble bees out up here too, heralding the winter's passing, surely.
It'll snow now I've said that! More anon.
Richard Thaxton - Loch Garten site manager


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TOLEDO - Toledo Museum of Art's Circle 2445 is hosting its annual Kentucky Derby party, so come out wearing the best looking, fancy hat Saturday.
The event takes place from 4:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. It will feature a live screening of the Kentucky Derby race including a Southern-style menu, bourbon tasting, a game of bocce in the Welles Sculpture Garden. Live music will be provided by Kentucky Chrome and Andrew Ellis.
The Museumâ??s Monroe Street terrace will serve as an impromptu stage for a hat contest, with prizes awarded for the best classic derby hat, best fascinator and most creative topper.
â??Circle 2445â??s Derby party has become one of our major annual events,â?? said Jackie Tussing, the Museumâ??s development officer for special projects and a Circle 2445 board member. â??The Peristyle is one of the most spectacular places to watch the race and it always draws an interesting mix of people.â??
Tickets cost $30 in advance and $40 at the door for Circle 2445 members. For non-members, tickets cost $40 in advance and $50 at the door. A cash bar will be available.
Tickets can be purchased online.


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GRAND RAPIDS TOWNSHIP – On the heels of reporting a weak second quarter, Universal Forest Products Inc. announced it had named long-time company executive Matthew Missad to replace outgoing CEO Michael Glenn.
Weak consumer spending and low lumber prices ate into Universal Forest Products Inc. sales during the second quarter.
The company, which last month announced a restructuring and the resignation of Glenn, on Wednesday reported sales of $544.1 million, a 15 percent drop from the year ago period.
Earnings of $4.3 million, or 22 cents per share, were down almost 69 percent from earnings of $13.7 million, or 70 cents per share, the company reported in 2010's second quarter.
Missad, 50, arrives in the corner office after 26 years in various roles at Universal, most recently general counsel.
"Matt has proven his leadership abilities, strategic acumen and business skills in innumerable ways in 26 years at Universal, and I think he's the perfect person for the job," said Chairman and former CEO William Currie, in a press release. "It is personally and professionally rewarding to me that a board of esteemed independent members selected a man I've worked with and mentored for decades, and someone in whom I have the highest confidence and respect."
Missad is a graduate of Thomas M. Cooley Law School and Hope College who started working at Universal on its maintenance crew as a high school student. He becomes the fifth CEO in the company's 56-year history.
The company's second quarter profits were further hampered by an 11 cents per share charge tied to severance and retirement payments made as part of its restructuring effort.
"These are challenging times, but we are positioning the company for better results," said Glenn, who announced in June he was resigning for undisclosed health reasons.
"We have cut costs and implemented plans intended to maintain our strengths and capitalize on our opportunities moving forward," Glenn said in a press release. "We're maintaining a keen focus on costs and on prudent, conservative decision-making that will create opportunities for sustainable growth and success."
The company expects its restructuring efforts, which include closing plants and eliminating jobs, to result in annualized savings of $10 million.
Sales to the retail sector were unusually soft during what is typically the company's best selling season. The company said retail building materials sales of $287.5 million in the second quarter were down 18.6 percent compared with last year.
The drop reflects delayed renovation plans as homeowners struggle to maintain equity along with weaker wholesale lumber prices.
Commercial construction and concrete forming products, the smallest of Universal's five business categories, was the only sector to show an increase as sales of $20.8 million were up 23 percent.
Continued weakness in manufactured housing and site-built homes led to double-digit sales decreases in those categories.
Shares in Universal closed at $24.07, down 7 cents, before the earnings release Wednesday. They have traded between $23.14 and $39.84 over the past 52 weeks.
E-mail Chris Knape: firstname.lastname@example.com and follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/Kcorner