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Introduction to Performance Monitor Counter
Modern processors have a special hardware facility, the Performance Monitor Unit (PMU), to collect the events related with the operations in the processor. If a D-cache miss (the processor fails to find data in the D-cache) occurs, an interrupt is raised so that the corresponding register can record this event by increasing its value. The Performance Monitor Counter (PMC) register helps reveal the mystery in the chip.
Take a look at the PMCs in POWER5™. Each POWER5 processor core has six 32-bit PMC registers, PMC1 through PMC6. PMC1, PMC2, PMC3, and PMC4 are programmable, so you can specify what events to collect by setting the Monitor Mode Control Register 1 (MMCR1). PMC5 and PMC6 are not programmable, so they are always collected, no matter what event group you select. PMC5 counts PM_INST_CMPL for the completed instructions, and PMC6 counts PM_RUN_CYC for cycles. Normally each PMC is incremented by the number of times the corresponding event occurred in one cycle. So, at any time, only six events can be collected at the same time. The processor designer defines which six events can be collected at the same time as the event group. You can specify the events for the first four PMCs by selecting the event group.
The following table shows the PMCs of different POWER processors.
Table 1. Performance Monitor Counters
|Performance Monitor Counters
|Event Groups
|PowerPC 970
|PowerPC 970 MP
How to evaluate performance using PMC
There are three approaches to evaluating performance using PMCs from a low level to a high level: the raw PMC event, metrics, and the CPI breakdown model.
Raw PMC events tells you the specific things about your code executing in the processor. For example, PM_TLB_MISS in POWER5 tells you how many TLB (Translation Look-aside Buffer) misses took place. TLB is the cache holding the mapping information from the virtual address to the physical page in memory. If there are too many TLB misses, your code read data in large address range. You may need to improve spatial locality.
It is not easy to understand how good or bad the performance is and the exact meaning of one specific event. You need some kind of high-level information. The second approach is metrics, which is the value calculated by the formula defined by events or pre-defined variables. For example, if you want to know how many MIPS (Million Instructions per Second) is, you can define one metric named PMD_MIPS. By its definition, you know MIPS = 10-6 * Instruction Count / Execution Time. PM_INST_CMPL increases by one when one instruction is completed in the pipeline, so it can be used to represent the Instruction Count. You have a pre-defined variable named total_time for the wall-clock time of the whole data collection. So, define PMD_MIPS as: PMD_MIPS = 1e-06 * PM_INST_CMPL / total_time.
The last one is CPI (Cycle per Instruction) breakdown. CPI means how many cycles an instruction takes to complete in average. This is a very important measurement for overall system performance. The lower value of CPI means one instruction takes less time to execute. The cycles can be broken down into several parts in terms of how much time is spent in different pipeline stage. Of course, it means good performance. The breakdown means to divide the cycles into different parts in terms of pipeline status.
Again, taking POWER5 as an example, the time an instruction stays in the pipeline can be divided into three parts:
- Pipeline is dealing with instruction, including instruction decode, issue, and execution.
- Pipeline stalls because the GCT is empty.
- Pipeline stalls because of other reasons.
The Global completion table (GCT) is a table representing a group of instructions currently being processed by the processor. It stores the instruction, the logical program order of instructions, and the completion order of instructions in the group. The empty GCT means there is nothing to do in the pipeline.
|Total time (PMD_TOTAL_CPI)
|Pipeline is executing an instruction (PMD_CPI_CMPL_CYC)
|Pipeline stalls because of GCT empty (PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY)
|Pipeline stalls because of other reasons (PMD_CPI_STALL_CYC)
PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY can be caused by:
- I-cache miss (Processor cannot get the next instruction from instruction cache),
- Branch mis-prediction (Processor guesses the wrong branch, so it has to flush the pipeline and load instruction from proper branch again), or
- Other reasons.
PMD_CPI_STALL_CYC can be caused by:
- Stall by LSU instruction,
- Stall by FXU instruction,
- Stall by FPU instruction, or
- Other reasons.
|Total time (PMD_TOTAL_CPI)
|Pipeline is executing an instruction (PMD_CPI_CMPL_CYC)
|Pipeline stalls because of GCT empty (PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY)
|I-cache miss (PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_IC_MISS)
|Branch mis-prediction (PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_BR_MPRED)
|Other reasons (PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_OTHER)
|Pipeline stalls because of other reasons (PMD_CPI_STALL_CYC)
|Stall by LSU instruction (PMD_CPI_STALL_LSU)
|Stall by FXU instruction (PMD_CPI_STALL_FXU)
|Stall by FPU instruction (PMD_CPI_STALL_FPU)
|Other reasons (PMD_CPI_STALL_OTHERS)
With these breakdowns, you can get the final tree structure named CPI breakdown model. The CPI breakdown model is completely determined by the PMC events designed for the specific processor.
|PMD_TOTAL_CPI - Total cycles
|PMD_CPI_CMPL_CYC - Completion cycles
|PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY - Completion Table empty (GCT empty)
|PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_IC_MISS - I-Cache Miss Penalty
|PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_BR_MPRED - Branch Mispredication Penalty
|PMD_CPI_STALL_LSU - Stall by LSU instruction
|PMD_CPI_STALL_LSU_REJECT - Stall by LSU Reject
|PMD_CPI_STALL_LSU_ERAT_MISS - Stall by LSU Translation Reject
|PMD_CPI_STALL_LSU_DCACHE_MISS - Stall by LSU D-cache miss
|PMD_CPI_STALL_FXU - Stall by FXU instruction
|PMD_CPI_STALL_FXU_DIV - Stall by any form of DIV/MTSPR/MFSPR instruction
|PMD_CPI_STALL_FPU - Stall by FPU instruction
|PMD_CPI_STALL_FPU_DIV - Stall by any form of FDIV/FSQRT instruction
Tools collecting Performance Monitor Counter data
Many profiling tools can collect PMC data. This article just discusses the AIX® tools hpmcount and hpmstat, and Cell SDK tool, cpc, or cellperfctr. All of these tools can output XML format file to feed the Counter Analyzer.
hpmcount and hpmstat - AIX
AIX V5.3 and V6.1 provide hpmcount and hpmstat to collect events from PMC. They do almost the same work, except the scope to monitor. hpmcount collects events from the workload application that hpmcount launches, while hpmstat collects events of the whole system.
Before touching hpmcount and hpmstat, have a look at pmlist, the utility tool listing PMC events, event groups, and metrics for the POWER processor.
First, run pmlist to know whether the processor you are working with is supported.
Listing 1. List all processors hpmcount/hpmstat supports
bash-3.00# pmlist -l Processors supported (specify with -p) ==================== RS64-II POWER3 RS64-III POWER3-II POWER4 POWER4-II POWER5 PowerPC970 POWER5-II POWER6 PowerPC970MP
You can also know the description of events and event groups given processor type with pmlist. Here is the group "0" of the POWER5 processor.
Listing 2. Event group 0 of POWER5
bash-3.00# pmlist -p POWER5 -g 0 Group #0: pm_utilization Group name: CPI and utilization data Group description: CPI and utilization data Group status: Verified Group members: Counter 1, event 190: PM_RUN_CYC : Run cycles Counter 2, event 71: PM_IOPS_CMPL : Internal operations completed Counter 3, event 56: PM_INST_DISP : Instructions dispatched Counter 4, event 12: PM_CYC [shared core] : Processor cycles Counter 5, event 0: PM_INST_CMPL : Instructions completed Counter 6, event 0: PM_RUN_CYC : Run cycles
It lists the ID number, name, description, status, and six events of group "0." If you want to know all event groups, use "-g -1." See Resources for information on the pmlist command.
Now launch hpmcount to collect group "0" and output the result in an XML format file.
Listing 3. Collect event group 0 using hpmcount
bash-3.00# hpmcount âg 0 âo sleep âx sleep 2
-g 0collects the performance events defined in group 0.
-o sleepspecifies the output file name as sleep.
-xspecifies XML output. The XML format output file is what Counter Analyzer needs.
sleep 2is the workload application to run.
The output file has a name like "sleep_0000.319628". Rename it to sleep.pmf. For additional information on hpmcount, see the Resources section.
hello hpmstat
You can also run hpmstat to collect group "0," except that it has no workload application since hpmstat collects events in system-wide mode.
Listing 4. Collect event group 0 using hpmstat
bash-3.00# hpmstat -g 0 -o hpmstat.pmf -x
The output file has the exact name hpmstat.pmf as you specify. This is another difference between hpmcount and hpmstat. For additional information on hpmstat, see the Resources section.
Multiplexing mode
You can specify more than one event group to collect in multiplexing mode using both hpmcount and hpmstat. For example, you can collect group 0 and group 1 using hpmstat.
Listing 5. Collect event groups 0 and 1 using hpmstat
bash-3.00# hpmstat -g 0,1 -o hpmstat2.pmf -x
Download the output file named hpmstat2.pmf. Now see what the multiplexing mode is.
Processors only have a fixed number of PMCs. For example, POWER5 has only six PMCs, and it collects six events defined in one event group at any time. So, in multiplexing mode, hpmcount and hpmstat control the PMCs to collect events of different event groups in different time slices in turn. For example, collect two event groups, G0 (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6) and G1 (E7, E8, E9, E10, E5, and E6) for six time slices (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6). E1 through E10 are the events to collect, and both G0 and G1 have E5 and E6. In the following table, you can see how these events are collected.
E5 and E6 are collected all the time, but other events are collected by interval. So their values are incomparable since their collection time is different. In order to do some calculation with these events, you have to use a normalized event count for calculation. The normalized event count makes you handle events as if you collect them during the whole data collection. The normalized event count is defined Enormalized = âE * Ttotal / Tevent.
E1normalized = (E1T1 + E1T3 + E1T5) * (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6) / (T1 + T3 + T5)
E2normalized = (E2T1 + E2T3 + E2T5) * (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6) / (T1 + T3 + T5)
E5normalized = (E5T1 + E5T2 + E5T3 + E5T4 + E5T5 + E5T6) * (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6) / (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6)
CPC - Cell SDK on Cell Broad Engine
Cell SDK 3.0 also contains a tool named CPC or cellperfctr (Cell Performance Counter) to collect performance events from the Cell Broad Engine PMC.
Before you start to run CPC, you need to find a small SPU application named "simple" in Cell SDK. You can get it from the cell-tutorial-source-*.*-*.rpm. Make all tutorial applications in Cell SDK 3.0, and run "simple" application, as follows.
Listing 6. Get SPU application "simple"
bash-3.00# rpm -ql cell-tutorial-source /opt/cell/sdk/src/tutorial_source.tar bash-3.00# cp /opt/cell/sdk/src/tutorial_source.tar ~ bash-3.00# tar xvf tutorial_source.tar tutorial/ tutorial/Makefile tutorial/euler/ tutorial/euler/STEP3_multi_spe/ ... bash-3.00# cd tutorial/ bash-3.00# export CELL_TOP=/opt/cell/sdk/ bash-3.00# make bash-3.00# cd simple/ bash-3.00# ./simple Hello Cell (0x1820008) Hello Cell (0x1820688) Hello Cell (0x1820900) Hello Cell (0x1820b98) Hello Cell (0x1821578) Hello Cell (0x1820e10) Hello Cell (0x1821ce0) Hello Cell (0x1821300) Hello Cell (0x18221d0) Hello Cell (0x1821088) Hello Cell (0x18217f0) Hello Cell (0x1821a68) Hello Cell (0x1821f58) Hello Cell (0x1822448) Hello Cell (0x18226c0) Hello Cell (0x1822938) The program has successfully executed. bash-3.00#
This application is really simple, creating 16 SPE threads. Each thread prints "Hello Cell" and its ID. The simplest way to run CPC is to collect system clock cycles, whose event name is System_Clock_Cycles, or C.
Listing 7. Collect system clock cycles using CPC
bash-3.00# cpc -e C -X cycles.pmf ./simple
-e Cspecifies to collect cycle events.
-X simple.pmfspecifies the output file name as the XML file, simple.pmf.
./simplespecifies to run the workload application.
You can also specify more than one event. CPC supports at most four events
as a set, and also supports more than one event set. In the following
case, two event sets, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103 and 2106, 2109, 2111, 2119
are collected.
-i 10u means to perform hardware sampling with
10 microseconds as the sample interval. CPC has a rich set of options to
use for Cell BE processor PMC data collection. You can see download CPC help for details.
Listing 8. Collect system clock cycles using CPC
bash-3.00# cpc -e 2100,2101,2102,2103 -e 2106,2109,2111,2119 -i 10u -X 2sets.pmf ./simple
Sample application: Caesar cipher tool
The article uses the Caesar cipher tool as sample program for later discussion. Caesar cipher is a very old and straightforward encryption algorithm. It shifts the letter in the plain message n character backwards to get the cipher text. For example, if the shift number is 2, "H" is substituted by "J," "z" is substituted by "b," and so on.
|Plain Text
|Cipher Text
In this sample program, only alphabetic and numeric characters (a-z, A-Z, and 0-9) can be ciphered. Other characters like comma will remain changed. If the letter shifts beyond 'z', 'Z', or '9', the shift will start from 'a', 'A', or '0' again. You can download caesar_src.zip. The command syntax is shown in the following:
Listing 9. Command syntax of Caesar
Syntax: caesar [enc|dec] shift_number input_file output_file enc|dec: Encipher (enc) or decipher (dec) shift_number: The number of characters to shift input_file: The input file. The plain text for encipher, or the cipher text for decipher. output_file: The output file. The cipher text for decipher, or the plan text for encipher.
Here is the source listing of the function, void cipher(char * buffer, int length, int shift), in caesar.c.
Listing 10. Caesar encipher/decipher
7 // char * buffer - The buffer holding the bytes read from file 8 // int length - How many bytes are read into buffer 9 // int shift - The shift number for ciphering 10 // 11 // Return the ciphered bytes 12 int cipher(char * buffer, int length, int shift) { 13 int bytes = 0; 14 int j = 0; 15 for (; j < length; j ++) { 16 17 if (buffer[j] >= 'a' && buffer[j] <= 'z') { 18 buffer[j] = (buffer[j] - 'a' + 26 + shift) % 26 + 'a'; 19 bytes ++; 20 } 21 if (buffer[j] >= 'A' && buffer[j] <= 'Z') { 22 buffer[j] = (buffer[j] - 'A' + 26 + shift) % 26 + 'A'; 23 bytes ++; 24 } 25 if (buffer[j] >= '0' && buffer[j] <= '9') { 26 buffer[j] = (buffer[j] - '0' + 10 + shift) % 10 + '0'; 27 bytes ++; 28 } 29 } 30 31 return bytes; 32 }
The different code executes in terms of the character is in "a-z", "A-Z", or "0-9". Please note that the shift number could be negative, which means shifting letters backwards.
Prepare an input file hello.txt containing "Hello world!" first.
Listing 11. Prepare plain text file as input
bash-3.00# echo âHello world!â > hello.txt bash-3.00# cat hello.txt Hello world!
And then compile it and run it to cipher the message in hello.txt. Finally, you get the ciphered message "Jgnnq yqtnf!" in hello.enc.
Listing 12. Compile and run
bash-3.00# xlc âo caesar1 caesar1.c bash-3.00# ./caesar1 Syntax: caesar [enc|dec] shift_number input_file output_file bash-3.00# ./caesar1 enc 2 hello.txt hello.enc 10 bytes are processed. 1283 ticks elapsed. bash-3.00# cat hello.enc Jgnnq yqtnf!
It works well. Now use hpmcount to launch this cipher tool to cipher a huge input file, hundreds of MB for example, to see what the PMC data looks like and where you can make some improvement.
In order to get complete CPI breakdown data, you need to collect event groups 0, 1, 5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 40, 43, 44, 48, 49, 79, 81, and 91. If you just want the total CPI, you can choose any group, since the PMC5 and PMC6 always collect instruction completion and cycle events.
Listing 13. Collect event group 0 using hpmcount
bash-3.00# hpmcount -g 0,1,5,28,29,30,31,40,43,44,48,49,79,81,91 -o caesar1_cpi -x ./caesar1 enc 4 huge.txt huge.enc 147040048 bytes are processed. 13627187 ticks elapsed.
The command outputs the file like caesar1_cpi_0000.311434. Rename it to caesar1_cpi.pmf for later use.
User Counter Analyzer to view PMC data
Counter Analyzer, a VPA (Visual Performance Analyzer) plug-in, helps you analyze and understand PMC data easier and better. It reads the XML format file generated by hpmcount/hpmstat and cpc. Besides supporting the three analysis methods we discussed earlier, Counter Analyzer also supports PMC data comparison, and provide metrics definition and a CPI breakdown model for a bunch of processors.
|CPI Breakdown Model
|PowerPC 970
|PowerPC 970 MP
Install VPA
You can get Visual Performance Analyzer at http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/vpa. It's very easy to install VPA. Assume you have downloaded vpa-rcp-${version}-win32.zip and are going to install it to C:\. There are only three steps to take:
- Unzip vpa-rcp-${version}-win32.zip to c:\
- cd c:\vpa-rcp
- Run vpa.exe
If you see the following welcome view, VPA ran successfully. Then select Tools -> Counter Analyzer to switch to the Counter Analyzer perspective.
Figure 1. VPA welcome view
Before opening the XML output file, you need to change its suffix name to .pmf (Performance Monitoring File), which helps the Visual Performance Analyzer to recognize it as the input for Counter Analyzer. After Counter Analyzer opens the file, the raw PMC events are displayed in the Counter Analyzer editor. There are three editor pages, Details, Metrics, and CPI Breakdown, which display the raw PMC events, metrics, and CPI breakdown individually. Open caesar1_cpi.pmf in VPA.
View raw PMC events
After opening caesar1_cpi.pmf, you will see many events, event count values, and their descriptions in the tool tip in the Details page. Event name like, PM_CMPLU_STALL_DIV[u], includes the counting mode in square brackets. The [u] means that the event happens during applications executing in user mode. The possible values are k (kernel mode), h (hypervisor mode), r (runlatch mode), and n (nointerrupt mode).
The selected event in the following figure is PM_CMPLU_STALL_DIV collected in user mode. Because hpmcount doesn't support per-processor data collection, the events from different processors are accumulated into one value. The data from the uni-process system looks the same as those from the mult-processors system.
You need to notice that the event counts are normalized values as the article discussed previously if you specify more than one event set. So the event counts look like they are collected within the whole collection period.
Figure 2. View raw PMC events
View metrics
You go into the metrics page by clicking the Metrics tab. The left pane (named metrics) lists all metrics. They might be grouped, depending on the processor of your system. In this case, the metrics of POWER5 are grouped into "cpi_breakdown" and "performance." If there is no metric group defined, all metrics are listed. The right pane, named variable pane, lists the variables required for metrics calculation. For example, the metric PMD_MIPS is defined as 1e-06 * PM_INST_CMPL / total_time. So, its value depends on the total data collection time besides PM_INST_CMPL. From the .pmf file, Counter Analyzer knows how long the data collection is performed, as it's displayed in the variable pane. So, if metrics have other variables in the formula definition, you need to input the appropriate value in the variable pane.
Figure 3. View metrics
View CPI breakdown data
The last page is the CPI breakdown page, which displays CPI breakdown data as a tree, as discussed earlier. You named the tree node as a component.
- means this component has a formula defined with events. For example, PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY = PM_GCT_NOSLOT_CYC / PM_INST_CMPL.
- means there is no formula defined for this component, which is determined by its parent and siblings. PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_OTHER = PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY - PMD_CPI_EMPTY_IC_MISS - PMD_CPI_GCT_EMPTY_BR_MPRED.
Figure 4. View CPI breaddown data
You can also export CPI breakdown data as HTML by choosing Export as HTML ... in the context menu. This is helpful if you need the report for your performance analysis work.
Compare PMC data
You can compare PMC data from two counter data collection runs. For example, you are doing performance tuning work for an application. You can collect the PMC data against the original application as baseline data. After you do some improvement in your code, you can run it again and compare it with the baseline so that you know how much and where the code is improved, and understand your changes better.
In the case of the sample program, you had baseline PMC data caesar1_cpi.pmf. Now examine the source file to see where you can make some improvement.
Listing 14. Caesar encipher/decipher
7 // char * buffer - The buffer holding the bytes read from file 8 // int length - How many bytes are read into buffer 9 // int shift - The shift number for ciphering 10 // 11 // Return the ciphered bytes 12 int cipher(char * buffer, int length, int shift) { 13 int bytes = 0; 14 int j = 0; 15 for (; j < length; j ++) { 16 17 if (buffer[j] >= 'a' && buffer[j] <= 'z') { 18 buffer[j] = (buffer[j] - 'a' + 26 + shift) % 26 + 'a'; (1) 19 bytes ++; 20 } 21 if (buffer[j] >= 'A' && buffer[j] <= 'Z') { (2) 22 buffer[j] = (buffer[j] - 'A' + 26 + shift) % 26 + 'A'; (1) 23 bytes ++; 24 } 25 if (buffer[j] >= '0' && buffer[j] <= '9') { (2) 26 buffer[j] = (buffer[j] - '0' + 10 + shift) % 10 + '0'; (1) 27 bytes ++; 28 } 29 } 30 31 return bytes; 32 }
After examining the PMC data and source file carefully, you can see two places to improve.
- From raw PMC events, you found there are a lot of PM_CMPLU_STALL_DIV
events, which means it takes a lot of time for the pipeline to wait
for the availability of the division function unit. After reading the
whole source file, you find (1) uses division heavily. Change the way
to shift letter.
Listing 15. New encipher code
buffer[j] += shift; if (buffer[j] > 'z') buffer[j] -= 26; else (buffer[j] < âaâ) buffer[j] += 26;
- The check for the variables a-z, A-Z, or 0-9 should be exclusive. You can add else before the later two ifs to avoid unnecessary character comparison.
Now run hpmcount to get PMC data again and get the output file like caesar2_cpi_0000.311458. Rename it to caesar2_cpi.pmf. Click on the tool bar. In the Select To Compare Dialog, select caesar1_cpi.pmf and click the Add button. Then, select caesar2_cpi.pmf and add it again. The first file works as a baseline during comparison. You can also select metrics or CPI breakdown model. In this case, select the predefined POWER5 metrics and CPI breakdown model.
Figure 5. Select .pmf files to compare
After you click OK, the Counter Analyzer starts to load these two files and displays comparison results as follows. Columns (A) and (B) represent the two files to compare individually. The next two columns are delta value (B - A) and the percentage value ((B - A) * 100 / A). The red value means the larger one, while the blue value means the smaller one.
Figure 6. Compare raw PMC events
From the raw PMC event comparison, you can see:
- The total cycles decreases by 21.88%. So the overall time performance is improved.
- Both PM_CMPLU_STALL_DIV and PM_CMPLU_STALL_FXU becomes 0. This matches well with the optimization that you remove all division.
- Both PM_CMPLU_STALL_DCACHE_MISS and PM_CMPLU_STALL_LSU decrease by about 40-50%. Fewer pipeline stalls about D-cache miss and load/store instructions happens. The data locality is improved.
You can also view the metircs comparison and CPI breakdown data comparison. Here is the CPI breakdown in Figure 7 below. You can see the total CPI is improved by 4.41%, from 1.688 to 1.614. The PMD_CPI_STALL_FXU (the pipeline stalls related to fix point number division) become 0.
Figure 7. Compare CPI breakdown Data
Performance Monitor Counter is an important facility for performance monitoring or measurement. You can collect PMC data using tools like hpmcount, hpmstat, and CPC. Besides inspecting raw PMC events, you also get high-level measurement with metrics and the CPI breakdown model. Counter Analyzer supports all three analysis methods, raw PMC events, metrics, and CPI breakdown data, and can help you understand PMC data better. It also supports comparing PMC data from two different runs so that you can find out how much and which parts are improved and understand your optimization better.
|Source code for this article
- "CPI analysis on POWER5, Part 1: Tools for measuring performance" (developerWorks, Apr 2006) and "CPI analysis on POWER5, Part 2: Introducing the CPI breakdown model" (developerWorks, Apr 2006) are also good guides for CPI analysis.
- Read A programmer's view of performance monitoring in the PowerPC microprocessor to how PowerPC performance monitor counters work.
- Read The POWER2 performance monitor to learn detailed harware measurements in POWER2.
- The command reference of hpmcountpmlist and hpmstat in AIX 6.1.
- Visit Cell Broadband Engine resource center to learn more about Cell Broadband Engine.
- See BladeCenter QS: Maximizing memory performance to learn how to use cpc to improve memory performance.
- Visit CellPerformance to access the articles and discussion on performance of Cell Broad Engine.
Get products and technologies
- Download Visual Performance Analyzer and get your hands on Counter Analyzer for PMC data analysis.
- Participate in the AIX and UNIX forums:
- Take part in the IBM developerWorks Power Architecture Forum and Cell Broadband Engine Architecture Forum.
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Companies have been adopting Web services technologies for several years, but Web services are primarily used for information retrieval. If the Web services are doing transactional work, such as updating or inserting data, they are most likely used in a standalone fashion.
At the same time, new business integration technologies, such as Business Process Execution Language (hereafter called BPEL), have emerged to help with implementing complex business processes. At first glance, Web services seems ideal for BPEL integration, since BPEL specifies its partners using WSDL descriptions. But in the early days of BPEL implementation, use of Web services to invoke BPEL activities was not widespread. Why? Because Web services could not participate in the global transaction initiated at the BPEL process level. BPEL-based process integration has forced the issue of transactional integrity in Web services.
However, things have changed with the arrival of Web Services Atomic Transaction for WebSphere Application Server (hereafter called WS-AT).
Overview of WS-AT
WS-AT is a standard and technology that provides transactional support for Web services. It allows distributed Web Service applications, and the resources they use, to take part in distributed global transactions.
A transaction is a set of operations that must be executed as a single unit, which is often called a logical unit of work. A transaction is either completed in its entirety or not at all; that is, it is indivisible or atomic. Transactions (and transaction-capable application servers) have been around a long time and are a critical part of most tiered distributed applications, whether constructed with Java™ 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) or with other transactions.
In early transactional systems, such as the support in relational databases, transactions affected only data in the database itself, and the transaction's scope was restricted to that database server. However, an application server such as WebSphere Application Server can support a transaction that applies to several databases or other entities, such as message queue managers, that maintain persistent data. (In fact, the J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA) allows propagations of transaction context to transactionally capable legacy systems.) As a result, WebSphere Application Server supports two-phase commits for distributed transactions. A two-phase commit allows several cooperating entities, known as resource managers, to participate in a single distributed unit of work coordinated by a transaction coordinator. WebSphere is typically the coordinator, and the various databases, queue managers, legacy systems, and other entities are the resource managers.
To be part of a distributed transaction, a resource manager must support the XA standard, which governs the propagation of transaction contexts. WebSphere and many other products are XA-capable, and this technology has been in use in WebSphere Application Server for many years. However, until the advent of WS-AT, transactions have always been propagated either via J2EE transaction contexts (significant only to WebSphere and other J2EE-based containers) or XA (which typically relies on the resource manager vendor's adapter or client code), and which is often difficult to interoperate.
In J2EE, support for transactions is implemented as the Java Transaction API, or JTA. The API itself is usually invisible to programmers, as the scope of transactions is delineated by declarative data found in deployment descriptors. JTA is part of the J2EE specifications.
WS-AT for WebSphere Application Server uses the standard JTA support in the J2EE programming model to scope transactions. JTA transactions are interpreted by WS-AT in the WebSphere Application Server runtime environment and are encoded into CoordinationContexts, such that a WS-AT representation of the current JTA transaction is made to flow in Web service application requests.
If the system hosting the target Web Services endpoint is also WS-AT capable, it automatically establishes a JTA transaction in the target's runtime environment, which becomes the transactional context under which the target Web service application will run. When the Web service request enters the target server, WS-COOR is used to register for participation in a two-phase commit coordinated by the originator of the transaction context. The two-phase commit protocol is driven by the caller's WS-AT coordinator when it is ready to commit the transaction.
If a JTA transaction is active on the thread when a Web service application request is made, the transaction is propagated across on the SOAP/HTTP request and established in the target's environment. This is analogous to the distribution of transaction context over IIOP as described in the EJB specification. Any transactional work performed in the target environment becomes part of the same global transaction. Figure 1 shows how this operates:
Figure 1. Sharing transaction context
From a development perspective, no specific development tasks required for taking advantage of WS-AT for Web services other than specifying it in the deployment descriptors, which we'll describe later. No explicit registration of participants is required by the application developer. The WebSphere Application Server runtime environment takes responsibility for the registration of WS-AT participants, in the same way as it does the registration of XAResources in the JTA transaction to which the WS-AT transaction is federated. When the transaction is completed, all XAResources and WS-AT participants are atomically coordinated by the WebSphere Application Server transaction manager.
The scenario
In order to show WS-AT in action, we'll use a scenario involving a corporate human resource department. In the example, we'll register and enroll a new employee into different existing systems, such as a payroll system, an employee registry, and a service to validate the employeeâs social security number.
Let's assume that you're the integration developer charged with implementing this HR process. You're told there is a Web service available to add an employee to the registry, and you're responsible for writing the two other services. You're also informed that the three services are to be completed in a single unit of work, and need to all succeed or, if not, to roll back.
Where do you start? Well, you're choreographing a set of services into a business process, so BPEL seems like a good candidate for the process implementation. You decide to use a microflow process to scope the unit of work. The payroll service and social security number check will be implemented and deployed in the same WebSphere Process Server as the BPEL process. The only remaining problem is how to integrate the employee registry Web service running in a different server. You'd like that service to participate in the global transaction started by the BPEL process.
After talking with the employee registry Web service provider department, you know that the service is running inside a WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus server (hereafter called the ESB server). Since WebSphere ESB is built on top of WebSphere Application Server Version 6.0, which implements WS-AT, you're now more confident that you can use this Web service in a transactional way, in other words, that it can be reliably rolled back in case of failure inside the BPEL process.
When deployed, your solution architecture will look like Figure 2:
Figure 2. HR process solution
Implementing the BPEL process
In this section, we'll describe how to implement the BPEL process for the scenario.
As you can see in the assembly diagram in Figure 3, we have a BPEL process HRProcess, which is wired to a Web service import binding EmpRegistryImport. If you select the Binding tab on the left, you'll see in the Address field that the employee service is deployed at a local server, accessible through port 9081, which turns out to be the WebSphere ESB Server.
Figure 3. HR module diagram
Web service
The Web service we're using is very straightforward. It takes an employee object, and inserts a record, or row, into a DB2® database, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Employee service implementation
Note that for the DataSource lookup, we use jdbc/Sample, which is defined as WebSphere Server JDBC resources. Make sure this is created as an XA datasource. Failure to do this will break WS-AT.
BPEL process
Figure 5 shows the HR BPEL process that invokes the EmployeeRegistry Web service:
Figure 5. BPEL diagram
To keep the scenario simple, the payroll service and SSN checking service implementation have been stubbed out. However, to emulate failure in BPEL, we're raising fault on a certain condition inside the
checkSSN snippet, which is executed after the Web service call. Since the fault is not handled inside the BPEL process, it will result in the global transaction rollback, consequently undoing what the EmployeeRegistry Web service has done. If you look at the checkSSN code in Figure 6 you can see that we're purposely generating fault if the
empNO starts with character
Figure 6. Raising fault
Test cases
We'll test the EmployeeRegistry Web service first, then exercise the BPEL process in a successful scenario. Last but not the least, we'll test the BPEL process in a failing situation to make sure WS-AT works as expected.
We'll use the following data for test purposes:
|Web Service Test
|BPEL Success
|BPEL Failure
Run and test the sample
Before using the sample code, you must do the following:
- Install DB2 Version 8 or Version 9.
- Create a Sample database.
- Define an XA data source with a JNDI name of jdbc/Sample in the WebSphere ESB server.
Import the sample code
To import the projects into WebSphere Integration Developer, complete the following steps:
- Download the zip file from the Downloads section to a temporary directory.
- In WebSphere Integration Developer, select File > Import.
- On the Select page of the Import Wizard, select Project interchange as the import source, and click Next.
- On the Import Projects page, in the From zip file field, specify the zip file downloaded in the first step, then click Select All to select all projects, as shown in Figure 7:
Figure 7. Import projects
- Click Finish. You'll see the imported projects in the Physical Resources view of the workspace, as shown in Figure 8:
Figure 8. Imported projects
Test the sample Web service application
Before starting, make sure you have created the data source jdbc/Sample in WebSphere ESB server.
- Start WebSphere ESB Server v6.0.
- Right-click WESB server, and select Add and remove project.
- Select EmployeeHR from the Available projects list and click Add to add it to the Configured projects, then click Finish, as shown in Figure 9, and wait for the publication of the project to finish.
Figure 9. Add employee application
- Navigate to the EmployeeService.wsdl in the Physical Resources view, as shown in Figure 10:
Figure 10. Locate the WSDL
- Right-click EmployeeService.wsdl file, then select Web Services => Test with Web Services Explorer, as shown in Figure 11:
Figure 11. Start Web Service Explorer
- From the window that opens, select addEmployee from the Navigator list.
- Enter some sample data in the forms as shown below, then click Go, as shown in Figure 12:
Figure 12. Test the Web service
- If all goes smoothly, this Web Services call will create a new row in the Employee table in the SAMPLE DB2 database. You can verify this by opening the IBM DB2 Control Center utility, as shown in Figure 13:
Figure 13. A new employee row
Test the BPEL process in a successful scenario
To test the BPEL process in a successful scenario:
- Right-click WebSphere Process Server v6.0, and select Add and remove project.
- Select EmployeeHR from the Available projects list, and click Add to add it to the Configured projects, then click Finish, as shown in Figure 14:
Figure 14. Add BPEL application to WebSphere Process Server
- Open the Assembly Diagram of HRProcessModule, then right-click HRProcess and select Test Component.
- In the Test window shown in Figure 15, remove EmpRegistryImport from the emulator in the Configuration tab, then enter the values as shown, and click Continue.
Figure 15. Test BPEL success
- If everything goes well, you should see the following output in the server console:
Figure 16. Console output
- If you look at the EMPLOYEE table in the DB2 database, you'll see that a new row is inserted, as shown in Figure 17:
Figure 17. New record in DB2 table
Test the BPEL process in a failing scenario
- Return to the Test window and enter the data as shown in Figure 18. Notice that a value of
empIDwill cause the BPEL fail, as described earlier.
Figure 18. Test BPEL failure
- Click Continue and wait for the call to finish. You should see the following errors:
Figure 19. BPEL failed
- From the message above, we know that the CheckSSN activity raised a fault, which results in an SCA ServiceRuntimeException and causes the global transaction rollback. But what happened to the Web service call before the CheckSSN activity? That EmployRegistry call was supposed to insert a new row in the employee table. Let's open the employee table again and take a look:
Figure 20. No new record inserted
- As you can see, there is no row with
C1235in the table. Apparently, the update made by the Web service call has been rolled back, which is what we expected.
WS-AT configuration
As discussed earlier in the article, there is no additional programming effort to use WS-AT, but some configuration may be required.
To enable WS-AT, the deployment descriptors for Web and EJB modules must be configured as follows:
- In a Web module that invokes a Web service, specify Send Web Services Atomic Transaction on requests to propagate the transaction to the target Web service.
- In a Web module that implements a Web service, specify Execute using Web Services Atomic Transaction on incoming requests to run under a received client transaction context.
- In an EJB module that invokes a Web service, specify Use Web Services Atomic Transaction to propagate the EJB transaction to the target Web service.
- In an EJB module, specify bean methods with transaction type Required (the default) to participate in a global atomic transaction.
Fortunately, if you use the Rational® Application Developer or WebSphere Integration Developer to develop Web services and BPEL processes, these configurations are set by default, so you even don't need to manually change them.
Now, let's look at the configuration for the sample application. Navigate to the deployment descriptor for the generated EJB project of the HRProcess module, ejb-jar.xml, and double-click to open it, as shown in Figure 21:
Figure 21. EJB deployment descriptor
On the Bean tab, select Module on the left, and you'll see that Use Web Services Atomic Transaction is checked in the Global Transaction section, as shown in Figure 22:
Figure 22. EJB deployment descriptor WS-AT
Now, let's look at the configuration on the Web service side. Open the Web deployment descriptor and find the servlet for EmployeeService on the left. Again, you'll see that Execute using Web Services Atomic Transactions on incoming requests is checked in the Global Transaction section, as shown in Figure 23:
Figure 23. Execute WS-AT on incoming request
If you're really curious and want to see what's exchanged over the wire when using WS-AT, you can enable the TCP Monitor feature of WebSphere Integration Developer, to view the SOAP message flow with WS-AT headers, as shown in Figure 24. Details on how to do this are outside the scope of this article.
Figure 24. SOAP message with WS-AT
As you've seen in this article, transactionally integrating Web services with BPEL processes is effortless for developers, thanks to the tools support. As Web services transaction technologies mature, you'll see more and more Web services integration in complex and mission-critical systems and transactional business processes.
The author wants to thank Robert Drelles for his thorough review of this article.
|Sample project interchange file
- Using Web services with WebSphere Process Server (developerWorks, December 2005)
- Web Services Transactions specifications
- Web Services Atomic Transaction support in WebSphere Application Server in the WebSphere Application Server Information Center
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Internet Explorer
by Charlotte Gray
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What does it mean to be a Canadian? What great ideas have changed our country? An award-winning writer casts her eye over 150 years of Canadian history. "Our country owes its success not to some imagined tribal singularity but to the fact that, although its…
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A Globe and Mail Top 100 Book of the Year An Amazon Top 100 Book of the Year Shortlisted for the RBC Taylor Prize Longlisted for the BC National Award for Canadian Non-Fiction A scandalous crime, a sensational trial, a surprise verdict—the true story of Carrie…
|October 11, 2010
No event in our history is more legendary than the Yukon Gold Rush of 1896. On August 16, when rich gold deposits were discovered in Bonanza Creek, 100,000 prospectors set off for the newly created Dawson City in search of instant wealth. Hungry miners hoped for…
|September 27, 2010
A graceful biography that was a #1 national bestseller, Flint & Feather confirms Charlotte Gray's position as a master biographer, a writer with a rare gift for transforming a historical character into a living, breathing woman who immediately captures our…
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|September 1, 2016
Exploring bold new perspectives on our country, our athletic heroes, and the magic of the natural world, The Look Book offers a taste of non-fiction from across the Fall 2016 Simon & Schuster Canada list. Experience the sweeping history of Canada through its…
Impeccably researched, and written with Charlotte Gray's unerring eye for personal and historical detail, Reluctant Genius tells the story of a man very different from his public image. Most of us think of Alexander Graham Bell as a white-bearded sage, but the…
|June 3, 2008
Catharine Parr Traill and Susanna Moodie are icons of the Canadian imagination. Yet most of what we know of these two English gentlewomen who spent their adult lives struggling in Britain's harsh and vigorous colony comes from their own self-consciously crafted…
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Feminist, politician, and social activist, Nellie McClung altered Canada's political landscape, leaving a legacy that has long survived her. She had a wicked wit, and her convictions and campaigns helped shape the Canada we live in today. Acclaimed writer…
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Fly tying kit with lots of extras
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Accepting new patients
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7372 McKnight Rd
Pittsburgh, PA 15237 Phone number & directions
Pittsburgh, PA 15237 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Local/News Gallery
Photos: Go inside Berkshire Hathaway's annual meeting
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A Berkshire Hathaway shareholder bargained Chairman and CEO Warren Buffett and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates into a selfie before Berkshire's annual shareholders meeting Saturday in Omaha, Neb.
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Keep up to date with all domestic cricket news on ECB.co.uk here in this dedicated section
Domestic Cricket News
Tom Fell made a courageous and emotional return to professional cricket for Worcestershire on Monday in a second-team fixture against Sussex in Kidderminster.
Arguably the greatest batsman in cricket history - former Yorkshire and India batsman Sachin Tendulkar is the focus of our second Cult Hero feature.
Kent batsman Rob Key, a former England international, has announced his retirement from professional cricket.
An absolute legend of the game - former Essex and England batsman Graham Gooch is the focus of our first Cult Hero feature.
England left-arm seamer Reece Topley has broken his right hand on his Hampshire debut.


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Recent news
Olympic lesson was launched in Kyiv Ukraine's main sport arena, National Sports Complex "Olympiysky", hosted all-Ukrainian Olympic lesson, an annual зкщоусе of the National Olympic Committee, Ukraine's Ministry of Youth and Sport and Ukraine's Ministry education and science, supported by city and region administrations, Ukraine's Sport Committee, Ukraine's Committee of Sport for Disabled and "Sport for Everybody" Center.
NOC 16 September
Oleh Verniaiev Will Receive His Eighth Ukraine's Best Athlete Award National Olympic Committee of Ukraine has nominated Oleg Verniaiev, Rio 2016 gold and silver medalist in artistic gymnastics, as country's best Olympic athlete in August 2016. Verniaiev's coach Hennady Sartynsky will receive award as Coach of the month.
NOC 31 August
Pavlo Tymoshchenko Won Silver Medal in Modern Pentathlon Modern Pentathlon ex-World champion from Ukraine Pavlo Tymoshchenko won silver medal in the men's competition in Rio 2016.
NOC 21 August
Anna Rizatdinova Adds Bronze Medal to Ukraine's Collection in Rio Ukraine's rhythmic gymnast star Anna Rizatdinova won bronze medal in the All Around competitions in Rio adding 10th medal to her country's medal tally at the Games of XXI Olympiade.
NOC 21 August
Calendar of events
11 February 2017 — 18 February 2017
XIII EYOF 2017 in Erzurum
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XIV EYOF 2017 in Győr
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09 February 2018 — 25 February 2018
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01 October 2018 — 12 October 2018
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Naazim Discusses Garcia vs. Judah, Garcia vs. Matthysse
By Bill Emes
Respected trainer Naazim Richardson doesn't expect WBA/WBC junior welterweight champion Danny Garcia (25-0, 16KOs) to have a problem with the movement of Zab Judah (42-7, 29KOs). The fight is being targeted for January 19th at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Experts have wondered how Garcia would deal with a mover like Juday.
"There is growth, Danny is maturing as a man. He is growing up. In growing up he is asking himself the same questions that you're asking now. And he and his pop are working on that now [to deal with movement]. And by the time those fights come around, this guy will already be prepared. How would a mover do against Danny? We have to ask that question too. He is still growing at 140, but I I think his super fights will be at 147," Naazim told BoxingScene.com.
Another fighter who wants to fight Garcia in the future is the feared puncher Lucas Matthysse (32-2, 30KOs) of Argentina.
"Tough fight for both of them. I think Danny's boxing skills are little bit better than Matthysse. But, Mattyhsse is one of the few guys that Danny would face as a champion that might be able to take some of [his punches] too. I think he can take it better than [Amir] Khan or [Erik] Morales can, and he can give it back too. Danny is not going away quietly...no matter what happens. If you can get on the scale and make 140, and Danny gets on the scale and makes 140 - you got a problem. No matter who you are, you got a problem," Naazim said.
[QUOTE=GRUSTLER;12650472]OK, so you're going to post a bunch of funny pics of me on Boxingscene? Obsessive much. You are really grasping and trying to find a way to make me feel like you but it's not working and really pathetic.…Comment by GRUSTLER on 10-29-2012
[QUOTE=BoxingGenius27;12650459]Oh I'm just getting started. You haven't seen nothing yet. I'm just having fun right now lol I will exploit your ass for the world to see Joe Camel.[/QUOTE] OK, so you're going to post a bunch of funny pics…Comment by GRUSTLER on 10-29-2012
[QUOTE=BoxingGenius27;12650446]LMAO This keeps getting better and better; I love it. BLG (Big Lip Grustler) a.k.a Joe Camel goes to the mall and takes pics of Corona girls or some schit then comes and posts the pics on this boxing website…Comment by BoxingGenius27 on 10-29-2012
[QUOTE=GRUSTLER;12650437]Now he has totally went out of boxing all together and started pulling up pics of who he thinks I look like. Man, you have no shame whatsoever. From name calling to posting pics. You are hurting inside man and…Comment by BoxingGenius27 on 10-29-2012
[QUOTE=GRUSTLER;12650429]It was just a saying dumb ass. It was meant as a joke. Seems like you did a lot of research on me huh? Stan much? Now you are talking about my lips? Damn son.... You really don't care about…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (143)


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9 posts tagged with gtd and iphone.
Displaying 1 through 9 of 9. Subscribe:
Email help from Gmail experts; Difficulty - key GTD needs would be nice
I want to fly through my email. GTD/Zero inbox style. Trouble multiple accounts including .Mac, gmail and Gmail for business. I thought I found a desktop client - MailPilot for OSX - but it's just not doing well enough (it's development is too slow.) Meanwhile, I hear that you can be super clever with Gmail - More inside! [more inside]
Reminders Power Tips
iOS 5 Reminders - Give me your power-user super-tips! [more inside]
Best Simple Time Tracking App for iPhone?
Can anyone recommend a streamlined time tracking app for the iPhone? I'm looking for something that will let me set up a few general categories — desk work, studio work, commute, gym, etc. — and basically lets me pick one and hit a big start/stop button. Export functionality in some way (even dirt-simple) is needed, fancy stuff like invoice generation / project management is not. The goal is to get a rough statistical overview of how I spend my days, not to get obsessive granularity or handle timesheets, so the ideal app would be about two taps to pick a category and start the timer.
I need to Get Things Done on my iPhone
I need a GTD compatible task management app for iPhone that will sync both Outlook tasks AND flagged emails over the air with Exchange Server 2003. Bonus points for three way Outlook/Google/iPhone syncronization and location aware task reminders. [more inside]
Help me make my life a little bit more obsessive.
Can you recommend a calendar/to-do app for the iPod Touch or the iPad? I want to be able to schedule events in my calendar, but I also want to be able to specify a list of tasks within each event that can be crossed out as they are done. I don't care about reminders or syncing. [more inside]
Help me get out from under all these piles of to-do lists!
I'm looking for a productivity app that can help me manage both my projects and my time. [more inside]
Laboratory of iPhonology
Any recommendations for iPhone apps or Web apps that will be useful in a basic science lab. [more inside]
Can you help me figure out a hybrid paper/electronic system with an iphone or something completely different?
I just need a 'Getting Things Done' system that works. Can you help me figure out a hybrid paper/electronic system with an iphone or something completely different? [more inside]
Looking for an iPhone GTD app, with a small twist
Help me find a todo app (preferably a GTD one) for the iPhone that meets my very particular(?) needs. [more inside]
Page: 1


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Acquaintance of 62-year-old allegedly struck man, took money and vehicle.
Coffee roaster, Japanese restaurant, sports collectibles store highlight additions.
Temporary exhibit on display in downtown Toledo.
Civil-rights leader tells of life's lessons at UT's speaker series.
Russell J. Ebeid Recreation Center called a place to congregate.
Spartans' Watson, Tucker score 2 touchdowns apiece.
Theodore Wadsworth, 75, pronounced dead at the scene in Sandusky County.
Father, son indicted on new counts in case of shackling teen.
Nurse became state inspector.
Cougars are 1-3, with 3 close losses this season.


text:
Despite everything I've read on here, sometimes I still can't shake the feeling that IIFYM (or flexible dieting or whatever you want to call it) might be too good to be true. Here's what I ate today (bulking at 2900 cals):
3 Fish Oil caps (30 cals)
1 lb lean turkey breast (494 cals)
Chicken burrito bowl from Chipotle (680 cals)
3 Tortilla Factory low carb high fiber tortillas (240 cals)
Banana (75 cals)
Carrots (35 cals)
Bowl of Fiber Plus Cinnamon Oat Crunch (170 cals)
6 Hershey Kisses (133 cals)
1 pint B&J Karamel Sutra (1040 cals)
197g protein, I'm guessing at least 60g fiber, and pretty sure I got all my micros covered between the veggies and the multi. Am I missing something?
Thread: Another IIFYM question
Another IIFYM question
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Ya I'd say 1/2 a cup of ice cream maybe a cup. Half the chocolate. The majority should be your typical bodybuilding foods IMO but not so strict that u can't function socially and at restaurants every once n a while etcbarbell1.com - home of The Barbell1 Show - the only 5 day/wk Online Radio on building muscle
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The thing is though, what does "common sense" mean? Does it mean just blindly adhering to the vague nutritional advice that has been drilled into all of us since childhood, that certain foods are "good" and certain foods are "bad"? The diet I posted contains all essential nutrients. If that much ice cream is unacceptable, what are the specific reasons why, other than "common sense"?
I should add that I don't normally consume this much ice cream.
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if you can hit 60% ice cream and still hit your macros, there's no reason to avoid that
the point is that there's no way to eat a lot of junk or 60% ice-cream and still hit your macros
in other words, trying to fit your macros will automatically force you to have common sense since in order to hit your macros you can't eat only fatty/sugary foods this proves that people don't understand IIFYM, it's a mathematical thing, there's no need for an extrernal source of "common sense" since the "common sense" is implied in the math itself
The thing is though, what does "common sense" mean?
it's kind of istinctive eating and my instinct would never tell me to eat 2 pounds of honey because I would throw up
so you shouldn't force yourself to eat something just because "you can" but you should eat in a normal flexible way
people think they would eat oreo the whole day if they could, but that's only because they have strong cravings because of strict dieting
but no one would eat nothing but oreo everyday, I have been there and when you're free to eat whatever you want you crave veggies, fresher foods, fruits, leaner meats expecially if you have feasted on fatty pork meat and extremely sweet foods
Last edited by JaredPunch; 12-30-2012 at 08:27 PM.
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You dont think eating the majority of your food from junk could have detrimental health implications over time???
This is the problem with IIFYM posters
This forum should be re-labeled the "Macro" forumFounder of MMDELAD
"Micros Matter Dont Eat Like A Dumba**" (hydrogenated oils, shortening, mono and di-glycerides don't fit in my macros)
Does Not Count Macros Crew
"Think in terms of limits and the result is limitation
Think in terms of progress and the result is progression"
my day:http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=156294333
Training Philosophy to be strong: 1. Pick Weights up off the ground 2. Squat them 3. Push them over your head
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aren't there some posters here who really also ate "bad" foods but still stuck to macros and worked ? JasonDB and josef rakish (sorry for spelling) come to mind
and meh nowadays i don't eat veggies anymore not so much. not that i'm advocating it though lolinb4 manlet
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My training log http://bbcom.me/13i2IBv <---- will measly rep for srs comments & criticism !
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not tryna sound a smartass here btw, am genuinely curious. i feel bothered by this question a lot actually that people can potentially get ripped while fitting "junk" foods into macrosinb4 manlet
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Founder of MMDELAD
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"Micros Matter Dont Eat Like A Dumba**" (hydrogenated oils, shortening, mono and di-glycerides don't fit in my macros)
Does Not Count Macros Crew
"Think in terms of limits and the result is limitation
Think in terms of progress and the result is progression"
my day:http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=156294333
Training Philosophy to be strong: 1. Pick Weights up off the ground 2. Squat them 3. Push them over your head
The bottom line from the majority of studies is that it's that "not fitting your macros" has detrimental health implications not food choices
As Lyle McDonald explained many times, it's fat gain and excessive food per se that causes inflamation, high tryglycerides, insulin resistance and it's
fat loss per se, not food choice, that improves health and allow diet gurus to claim their diet cures people while it's actually losing fat that does it.
I can think were stupid extremes would be a exception to this rule, like getting all your calories from sugar, but then it would impossible to get enough proteins and fats. Overall, in order to fit into the correct amount of proteins, fat and carbs and calories, while training weekly it's impossible to have a diet which is extremely devoid of nutrients since it's impossible to fit "extreme example of bad diets" into one's macro
ripped doesnt = healthy
I have seen no evidence that food can make people healthier except from the effects of losing fat has on health
From 1960 there have been a lot of books and gurus making people healthier by eating organic, vegetarian, natural-hygiene, macrobiotic, weston-price and you had real miracles there with people feeling better at 40 then they had ever felt as kids and getting perfect blood profile after years of diseases and such. But it was always the effect of losing fat, hence getting rid of cellullar resistance, systematic inflamation, hormones all over the place, arterial plaques, hypercholesterolemia and so on
extremely healthier, a lot healthier than the average 30 years younger students of his. He had perfect blood profile, better blood sugar than ever in spite of eating a lot of sucrose, better triglycerides, even better iron (inflamation caused by excess body fat and cellullar resistance leads to poor nutrients absorption) and even commented on feeling better, having more energy. So it's losing fat that makes people healthy, not what food they eat (excep for seriously retarded extremes)
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In the long term, this is not a good idea.
No evidence that food can make people healthier?? Da hell did I just read??
If you can agree that certain foods can you LESS healthy, you are therefore agreeing that other foods make you MORE healthy by implication...Watch me bulk up: http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=171860203
Goal for 2016: MASS!!!
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The problem here is with the way in which 'IIFYM' is interpreted; the acronym doesn't help, but it seems that since advocates of it have started stressing the role of micros others have decided to take the extra step of thinking 'well, I can eat lean protein sources and get most of my micros from eating a lot of veggies then still have a lot of calories left over to get most of my carbs/fat from junk foods'.
I think that this problem is caused, at least in part, by the black and white thinking which is encouraged in the fitness industry. When you've become used to receiving advice from so-called 'experts' which is given solely in absolutes (All carbs are bad! All sugars are bad! All starches are bad! Eat 100% 'clean'!), it can be difficult to get back into what was probably intuitively obvious to most people to begin with; allowing yourself a small treat daily and maybe something bigger every so often is fine within the context of a healthy diet, but getting most of your daily intake from these 'treat' foods isn't a good idea.
Applied correctly flexible dieting allows you to eat what you enjoy without feeling guilty or like you're 'cheating', which in turn makes a lot of people more likely to stick to their diet. It also allows you to lead a normal social life and is a good way of explaining how certain foods which are traditionally seen as 'dirty' (ie pizza) are often actually more nutrient dense than foods which are seen as 'clean' by the same people (ie gainer shakes), and are therefore arguably a better addition to their diet provided that portion control is correct. What it shouldn't be seen as is an excuse to eat as badly as possible whilst still hitting the right numbers, even if micros are adequate.
This is basically just a long winded way of saying 'use your common sense', I suppose. The problem is that black and white thinking seems to be so ingrained in people's psyches now that they're just going to keep coming up with stupid examples of what are obviously bad diets which still hit macro targets and claiming that they 'prove IIFYM doesn't work'. Maybe the problem with the term 'IIFYM', and even others such as 'flexible dieting', 'discretionary calorie allowance' and whatever else is just that all are so open to interpretation.
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Off-topic, I know, but since the debate has meandered around the "bad" food argument, let's look at the actual ingredients in the B&J Karamel Sutra ice cream:
.Cream, Water, Condensed Skimmed Milk, Sugar, Reduced Lactose Sweetened Condensed Milk, Glucose Syrup, Cocoa Powder, Free Range Egg Yolk, Vegetable Fat, Milk Fat, Pectin, Guar Gum, Carrageenan, Soya Lecithin, Vanilla Extract, Sodium Bicarbonate, Citric Acid, Salt, Coffee Extract..
Which specific ingredients, in the dose consumed, would be "bad" in context of the OP's daily diet?
NOTE: I'm not advocating composting ~33% of one's diet from ice cream, but nor will I condem it sans an objective review of total nutrition intake. What I do advocate is composing a diet with properly calibrated energy intake that also ensures micro/macronutrient sufficiency, preferably achieved from consuming the (vast) majority of one's diet from whole and minimally processed foods.
many says that sugar caused lot of health problems of modern life and causes diabetes
but there are actually studies showing people with diabetes improves their health by eating a lot of sucrose, which is considered a cure for diabetes by some
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Heck, some folks take supplements that are pure "sugar" (dextrose comes to mind). And I've noticed that those are the same folks to most vigilantly object to the consumption of foods like ice cream, often because it contains sugar.
Anyway, my point is simply that we should look at the actual composition of one's diet, not the names of the foods consumed, but the actual ingredients consumed in specific doses as to determine total nutrition intake and then evaluate if that nutritional intake is appropriate or not.
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Hey Pug, guess what this is!!!
Carbohydrate Blend (Glucose Polymers, Fructose, Sucrose, Waxy Maize Starch), Protein Blend (Hydrolyzed Whey Protein Isolate, Micellar Casein, Egg Albumen, L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine), Cocoa(Processed With Alkali), Natural And Artificial Flavors, Salt, Lecithin, Sucralose.
<b>ALLERGEN INFORMATION:</b> Contains Milk, Egg, And Soy (Lecithin) Ingredients.
That's right, it's a popular "post workout recovery shake" except it's not frozen and called ice cream!!!
Many that would condemn ice cream for the sugar content and it's moniker as an "unhealthy food" also have to have something like this post workout, because it's good for them and stops muscle catabolism and rebuilds glycogen stores and supports insulin secretion, which is then anabolic, which then builds muscle even when the body wants to do the opposite because of the cortisol boogie man that showed up during the workout!
So to simplify, a post workout shake, that is hard to tell from ice cream when looking at the ingredients, is a cortisol defender and super hero because it's called a shake, poor ole ice cream is a body destroyer!!
Just because a food is calorie dense does not make it specifically bad for you. That lack of nutrition per calorie does. If one has ate all the micros they need for the day, then eating the rest of the macros they need should be up to them.
I fail to see how the fat/sugar/protein in ice cream is different than the fat/sugar/protein in typical cereal or a "chipotle burrito bowl".
You could argue about insulin blah blah blah but he is on a bulk and could use this to his advantage.On r/c: Chasthetics
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Are you saying that ice cream will not raise insulin levels enough?
Keep in mind that the GI of premium ice cream is <40, which is lower than brown rice!!!
Folks that label foods "good" or "bad" based on their names often suffer the pains of cognitive dissonance when confronted with facts.
Thanks for the responses guys. Glad to see some interesting debate going on. Once again I want to emphasize that this is not typical of my daily diet, just wanted to use it as an example to generate discussion.
It all comes back to the fact that everyone's idea of "common sense" is different. To an orthorexic who is convinced that only "bro" foods are acceptable, it would be common sense to avoid any ice cream, chocolate, etc at all costs. But to a prehistoric caveman who was suddenly presented with a treasure trove of B&J pints, it would be common sense to binge on that stuff like there's no tomorrow, since food was scarce and we're hardwired by evolution to crave calorically dense sweet foods. Obviously these are the two extremes, but there are many shades of grey in between, and the issue is much thornier than some people realize.
Similar Threads
IIFYM Question, just really need to know those answers.By Grendizer in forum NutritionReplies: 6Last Post: 06-20-2012, 07:01 AM
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- Trilobase version 7
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|SAKWeb – Spatial autocorrelation and kriging web, a W3 geocomputation perspective
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|The present research focuses on the first software to offer spatial autocorrelation and association measures, spatial exploratory tools, variography and Ordinary Kriging (OK) in the World Wide Web. Exploiting IE®, ASP®, PHP® and IIS® capabilities, SAKWeb© version 2.0 was designed in an attractive and straightforward way for everyone's use. Major commercial off-the-shelf spatial software is reviewed to confirm SAKWeb© improvements. As confirmed by Green and Bossomaier [2002], "it is essential for geographical studies to provide basic spatial autocorrelation indices and significance test computer programs for personal computers". Spatial autocorrelation can provide an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) tool for atypical locations, trends, transition regions and spatial patterns. The weight matrix (W) is assessed on the basis of the covariogram contiguity. In accordance with various distance ranges, SAKWeb© selects the one with the highest global Moran I to setup the conventional and the Moran location scatterplot. In addition, the Moran I correlogram may lead to a re-estimation process of the best variogram range, sill, model and nugget-effect factors. Some of the possibilities are dropping outliers, tracing patterns of quadrants I and III, highlighting transition samples or maintaining the original dataset. IDW is also stressed as a poor method for W specification. Nearest neighborhood analysis and brushing operations are added features for enhanced dataset familiarity.(...)
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All About Green Origins
Green Origins was initiated as a start-up coffee shop and catering company as part of an entrepreneurial programme of The BEE Trust where profits from Green Origins are channeled back into the education experience of disadvantaged children through the refurbishment of more schools.
Simple, honest food that is prepared with wholesome ingredients, a good dose of love and in a fun environment is what Green Origins is about. Healthy and natural ingredients such as premium stone ground flour and organic produce are used where possible and food is strictly colourant and monosodium glutamate (msg) free.
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Simple Definition of arraign
law : to state the charges against someone who is accused of a crime in a formal procedure before a judge
Origin and Etymology of arraign
Middle English arreinen, from Anglo-French areisner, arener, from a- (from Latin ad-) + raisner to address, from Vulgar Latin *rationare, from Latin ration-, ratio reason — more at reason
First Known Use: 14th century
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For a person to be formally arraigned, he or she must be called by name before a judge or magistrate. The judge or magistrate makes sure that the defendant is the person named in the complaint, indictment, or information, which is then read to formally notify the defendant of the charges. The defendant may then enter a plea of guilty, not guilty, or another plea allowed by law such as nolo contendere. In some cases, as when the defendant is not yet represented by a lawyer, the judge or magistrate may enter a plea of not guilty on the defendant's behalf.
Origin and Etymology of arraign
Anglo-French arrainer, from Old French araisnier to address, call to account, from a-, prefix stressing goal of an action + raisnier to speak
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Keith Little, the hospital employee convicted in the stabbing death of his supervisor at Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, was sentenced to life in prison without parole on Monday, ABC7's John Gonzalez reports.
Little, 49, of Lanham, was convicted for the murder of Roosevelt Brockington Jr., 40, an engineer responsible for heating and cooling in the building.
In court, Little said he felt sad for what happened to someone he described as a friend. But the victim's family said Little didn't seem to grasp the extent of what he'd done.
"I think he's still in denial. He just hasn't grasped it yet," says Rosaland Brockington, the victim's sister. "But I think the time he's going to be sitting there. He will."
Brockington's family cried in court while watching video of him singing in church. They described him as a man devoted to his faith and was always willing to lend a hand.
"I don't know if there will ever be closure," says Mary Paulette Brockington, the victim's mother. "This is the closest thing to it."
Brockington was found stabbed to death in a basement office on New Year's Day in 2011. Little stabbed Brockington, his supervisor, more than 70 times after receiving a bad performance review, authorities said.
It was the second time Little has been accused of killing a co-worker. Little was tried and acquitted in 2006 for second-degree murder while armed, possession of a firearm during a crime of violence, and carrying a pistol without a license.
The charges in that case were in relation to the Feb. 3, 2003 murder of Gordon Rollins, who worked at the same company as Little at the time, according to charging documents by D.C. Superior Court. Little was charged in 2005 and indicted on those charges in 2006.
After Little was sentenced to life without parole Monday, State's Attorney John McCarthy said Little refused to take any responsibility for the crime.
"That sentence was well deserved," McCarthy says. "This case revealed a man who had seethed in anger for a long time."
Brockington's family said the sentence was appropriate. Now, more than a year later, Brockington's family finally wants to put an end to this horrible crime.
"It will give us a want, an urge to keep going and remember our son," says Roosevelt Brockington, the victim's father.


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Non-coding portions of genome are found to play role in cancer
The human body produces 100,000 or more different proteins. Yet, amazingly, only two percent of the human genome actually encodes proteins. Nearly 80 percent of the rest of the genome is transcribed into RNA that does not ...
Sep 27, 2016
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9 Former American Idol Contestants on What Viewers Don't Know, Life After the Show, and Who Deserved to Win But Didn't
"When you get off the show, you expect to be given a lot, and man, you're not. "By Kenny Herzog
"When you get off the show, you expect to be given a lot, and man, you're not. "By Kenny Herzog
His last album didn't sell well.By Mike Vilensky
Archuleta's No. 2, but Cook could only manage an embarrassing No. 3.By Lane Brown
All those coming in contact with the album should be advised that it contains high levels of dour post-grunge, middling radio rock, and pitchy caterwauling.By Lane Brown
At a ceremony last night, Clinton 'was treated to a rendition of 'The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face' by David Cook,' reports the 'Post.'By Lane Brown
Top this one, Cook.By Lane Brown
Rightful 'American Idol' winner David Archuleta will appear in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on November 27.By Lane Brown
If Obama can withstand the pitchiness without running from Rockefeller Center screaming and covering his ears, it is our firm belief that he will win the presidency.By Lane Brown
Cover your ears!By Lane Brown
There's no word yet on a competing David Cook corn maze.By Lane Brown
Don't worry! It won't get stuck in your head.By Lane Brown
Wronged 'American Idol' runner-up David Archuleta may have lost out to balder, pitchier competition on the show, but he's having revenge on the 'Billboard' singles chart.By Lane Brown
With still no word yet on a record from Cook, Archuleta's wonderful first single debuted on the radio this morning.
The oft-pitchy 'American Idol' winner has just signed an endorsement deal with Skechers. What will his shoe look like?
'People' hilariously implies that Cook is fit to stand alongside such highly coveted single gentlemen as Bret Michaels and Britney Spears's brother.
Plus: David Cook on butchering the national anthem, and the naked guy from 'Sex and the City.'
Was this season's American Idol chosen by haters?
How is David Archuleta's rapping, anyway?
It pains us to say this, but one Website is using science to suggest that he might. We hate and fear science!
David Archuleta had no problem selling "In This Moment," in the way that Mickey Mantle would have no problem hitting a 22-mile-per-hour fastball.


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- Overview
This product is no longer available. For more products, view the Cherry Main Page. We will continue to carry options, accessories and supplies for this product for as long as we can. Please contact RACO for availability and pricing.
For help in choosing a comparable replacement product, feel free to contact one of our RACO Product Specialists by selecting a Chat Online or Click to Call button or by calling 800-446-1991 or 513-984-2101 or by emailing us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Keyboard with integrated fingerprint sensor, USB hub and PC/SC smart card reader
Passwords? You can forget them. The Cherry FingerTIP ID Board is fitted with an integrated fingerprint sensor - for password-free log-on and identification. This keyboard is also available with optional smart card reader. Connects to the PC via a USB cable. There are also two downstream ports for the connection of additional devices.
Fingerprint Sensor
Principle of operation
513dpi, 224x288 pixel
Power supply
USB 1/1 compatible
Smart card terminal
- 1 smart card terminal compliant with PC/SC 1.0, Cardman 2020 compatible
- Contact positioning in accordance with ISO 7816/2
- Electrical characteristics in accordance with ISO 7816/3 GSM 11.11
- Transfer to the PC via USB interface
- Microsoft WHQL approved
- Smart card interface
- Asynchronous protocols T=0, T=1, T=14, SLE 4418, SLE 4428, SLE 4432, SLE 4442
- Compound device
- Bus-powered hub with integrated functions
- keyboard
- fingerprint sensor module
- Siemens
- Smart card reader
- Omnikey
- CardMan 2020
- 2 downstream ports
- One USB 1.1 cable
- Compatible Siemens ID mouse software for logon and file protection
- Further software (server and smart card applications) on request.
- Specifications
Additional Information
Features N/A Spec Sheet N/A Manufacturer Part Number N/A RACO Part Number N/A Manufacturer Cherry Obsolete 1