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Health & Safety Companies serving Vatican City
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
MEECO Inc
based in Warrington, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
MEECO has produced durable, high-quality gas analyzers for industry. Chief among our customers are semiconductor manufacturers and their suppliers, as well as natural and industrial gas producers and their distributors, utilities, and chemical and petrochemical companies and the makers and users of ultra-high-purity gas. Headquartered in Warrington, PA, MEECO was founded ...
Kalina - Klenski Ltd
based in Stara Zagora, BULGARIA
Kalina - Klenski Ltd. manufactures machines and equipment for silos storages, feed mills and grain industry.Kalina - Klenski Ltd. offers complete construction of projects, technological lines, equipment, upgrading of technological facilities, supply of single machines. Provides warranty and servicing, and individual technical solutions as required by the client.
Holding company menschen group
based in Leninsk-Kuzneziky, RUSSIA
Brand sorbent: IRVELEN-M.Our sorbent is best in the world.1 kg can absorb up to 27 kg of oil.Velocity saturation: 1 second.Bulk density: 120-180 kg per 1 m3.Class of danger: safe, does not require compulsory certification.After squeezing and extracting our oil-soaked sorbent can be reused for at least 40 times.Taking into account the regeneration 1 kilogram IRVELEN-M can ...
Full Vision, Inc.
based in Newton, KANSAS (USA)
Full Vision is a diversified, ISO 9001:2008 certified, full-service contract manufacturer. Specializing in Precision Metal Fabrication & Assembly. We help our OEM customers reach their quality, cost containment and JIT objectives. We specialize in high quality metal products design, certification, fabrication, finishing and assembly including complex, electro-mechanical ...
Project Pumps Pty Ltd
based in Wetherill Park NSW, AUSTRALIA
The company offers a full range of pumping, Rotary Lobe Pumps, waste water conditioning and treatment equipment to all facets of industry.
Forest Machine Services Ltd.
based in Northumberland, UNITED KINGDOM
The independent approach has allowed us to look for machinery solutions around the world, we currently import and supply equipment and parts from USA, Canada, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Austria, France, Italy and China, as well as machinery built in the UK. Forest Machine Services is a sales and service company owned by Kenny Dobson and Stephen Wills, Kenny having been ...
Separation Methods Technologies, Inc. (SMT)
based in Newark, DELAWARE (USA)
Separation Methods Technologies, Incorporated (SMT, Inc.) is a surface chemistry research corporation. Our goal is to provide chromatographers with outstanding column packing materials and specialty columns for various separation chemistries ranging from analytical to process scale. Our primary focus is on the creation of well organized functional molecules on substrate ...
Sepax Technologies Inc
based in Newark, DELAWARE (USA)
Sepax Technologies, Inc. is a privately held company founded in November 2002. Sepax focuses on customers' needs and provides solutions to customer's challenges in chromatographic separation science. Sepax develops and manufactures HPLC consumables, bulk media, and equipment for chemical and biological separations in liquid chromatography. Sepax is a fast growing ...
Absolute Cooling Tower Services Ltd
based in West Yorkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Absolute Cooling Towers Services Ltd (ACTS) specialise in the provision of effective water hygiene services in the following areas: repair and refurbishments of cooling towers and evaporative condensers; cleaning and disinfection. ACTS Ltd specialise in the repair and maintenance of all makes and models of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers. Our extensive database ...
W.E.T. GmbH Wasser-Energie-Technologie
based in Kasendorf, GERMANY
Water plays an important and essential role in our world. This resource is both the basis for many applications in the economy and a good health. Taking precautions to protect this important resource is an essential duty of politicians, economists and consumers. The contribution of the W.E.T. GmbH is a state-of-the-art innovative water treatment system.
Tracto-Technik GmbH & Co. KG
based in Lennestadt, GERMANY
The machine construction company TRACTO-TECHNIK based in Lennestadt-Saalhausen develops and builds machines for the underground installation and trenchless renewal of pipelines. The customers of this steadily growing market come from all supply areas like gas, water, electricity and telecommunication as well as the sewage disposal sector.
Webtec Products LTD
based in St. Ives, UNITED KINGDOM
We are specialist manufacturers of hydraulic measurement and control products helping to improve the productivity of heavy machinery. For 50 years we have been helping customers worldwide in the Industrial, Mobile, and Agricultural sectors to diagnose hydraulic faults, verify hydraulic conditions and achieve repeatable hydraulic control.
LED Source
based in Wellington, FLORIDA (USA)
Founded in August 2005 by Marcel Fairbairn, LED Source is a national and international supplier of LED lighting that specializes in full-scale evaluations and retrofits through its Retrofit Division, in addition to providing consultation all the way through to supply on new projects within their Architectural and Entertainment Divisions. The company supplies LED products ...
based in Joigny, FRANCE
IonBench, manufacturer of mobile benches for scientific instruments, and especially designed for Mass Spectrometers. IonBench is supplying pharmaceutical, environmental, clinical and university laboratories. IonBench products are designed to ease the day to day use of your LC/GC/MS, by providing a significant number of features that makes your working conditions better. ...
Ingenia Polymers Corp.
based in Houston, TEXAS (USA)
Ingenia Polymers is a premier integrated solutions provider for the global polymers industry. Our talented people, culture of operational excellence, relentless drive to advance technology and breadth of capabilities make us the preferred supplier to our customers with value added products and services supporting a variety of markets. For more than 30 years, Ingenia ...
based in Russi (RA), ITALY
Since 1922 Gallignani has been a specialist in the field of implements. Based on more than 90 years of activities Gallignani has turned into a specialist and a strong reference point in the world of agricultural machinery. With a broad product offering, Gallignani is market leader in Italy and exports to another 70 countries worldwide. Today, 80% of the production is ...
Odour and Dust Solutions Ltd
based in Stewarton, UNITED KINGDOM
Odour and Dust Solutions is a new company in the odour control and dust suppression market. We have over 15 years experience in this field and use tried and tested methods to achieve first class results.
Liugong Machinery Co. Ltd
based in Guangxi, CHINA
LiuGong is committed to world-class quality and engineering. The result? Machines that are easy to own, easy to operate and easy to maintain. World-class machines must be built with world-class components. So, we use globally-respected systems and suppliers you can count on like Cummins, ZF, Kawasaki and others. With components like these you know your machine will work ...
Botek Waste Management Solutions
based in Ulricehamn, SWEDEN
The complete solution for identification & weighing. Welcome to Botek. With over 35 years' experience in the industry we can assist you with everything from environmental questions and advice on improving efficiency and profitability, to technical product advice. In other words, we understand your business.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
based in Chatelaine, SWITZERLAND
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have adverse effects to human health or to the environment. Exposure to ...


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I first told you about St. Louis reporter Larry Conners's claim that the IRS "hammered" him after his fair, but hard-hitting interview with President Obama last year. Tonight Conners read a statement on air distancing himself from his Facebook post.
"Those were my personal views, not those of KMOV TV, second to be fair, I should disclose that my issues with the IRS preceded that interview by several years. As a journalist I understand the importance of keeping my personal matters separate from my professional work, sometimes you have to do that to retain your independence as a news man. Those lines might have been unintentionally crossed yesterday by my post."
I can reveal that a well-placed source divulged, on the condition of anonymity, that Conners was
"... handed the statement that he is being forced to give at the end of the 5:00 and 6:00 news today on KMOV-TV 4."
Journalists are allowed opinions. It's amazing that the profession scorns opinions in private life but encourages the predominance of opinions in regular reporting so long as they skew to the left. Anyone with two brain cells to rub together knows that individual Facebook pages aren't the same as the 6 o'clock news and shame on any network that tries to conflate this in an effort to sweep controversy under the rug.
The questions that remain are: did the IRS attention to Conners increase after his interview with Obama? His post gives the impression that it did, but seeing as his hands were slapped backchannel by corporate at KMOV, we may never know. After confirming an interview on my show today, Conners after told my producer, Kevin Conrey, that "corporate" nixed the interview, effectively muzzling him. KMOV's action in shuttering this story does nothing but bring more attention to it and calls into question the skills of the people making such decisions. I'm certainly not finished with this story. Is KMOV covering for the administration? Do they think by forcing a respected and objective anchor to read a statement apologizing for a personal Facebook post wherein he divulged that yes, the IRS may have a vendetta will make the story disappear?
*UPDATE: The left is trying hard to discredit Conners (wasn't just him, Todd Starnes also said the IRS began harassing him, as well) by saying his troubles began before the interview. Conners never said to the contrary. His post suggested they intensified after the interview. Big difference, but the left will use anything to obfuscate this AP scandal. KMOV denied him the chance to expound on this by handing him, as per the source, a pre-written statement from the brass. Had Conners written it, I'd imagine we'd have gotten the full story.

subset: commoncrawl


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OVER THE PAST two days, the Muslim world has been rocked by a range of volatile incidents. First, Egyptian protesters stormed the U.S. Embassy, tearing down the United States flag and posting a flag saying, in Arabic, "There is no god but Allah." Then a group of extremists targeted the U.S. Embassy in Libya, killing Ambassador Chris Stevens and three others.
Of course, my first instinct is to focus on the human dimensions of this tragedy. Too often, as critics and private citizens, we jump right into our talking points and instant analyses instead of acknowledging the faces, names and stories of the people who died.


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human nature
Simple Definition of human nature
: the ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are common to most people
Full Definition of human nature
: the nature of humans; especially : the fundamental dispositions and traits of humans
See human nature defined for English-language learners
See human nature defined for kids
Examples of human nature in a sentence
You can't change human nature.
First Known Use of human nature
Learn More about human nature
Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about human nature
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up human nature? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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Norrona Narvik Gore-Tex Perf. Shell 2L Jacket - Women's
Manufacturer's Description
Visit Norrona's Narvik Gore-Tex Perf. Shell 2L Jacket page.
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
Enhance your epic day on the mountain with outstanding gear like the Norrona Narvik Women's Gore-Tex 2L Performance Shell Jacket. This sleek technical shell's two-layer construction means it will deliver waterproof breathable Gore-Tex performance in a lighter, softer shell than heavy-duty three-layer jackets. The shell's comfort is enhanced by an ultra-soft, breathable, brushed polyester inner face. Laminated stretch woven wrist gaiters and powder skirt keep snow where it ought to be, under your feet.
- Backcountry.com
Norrona Women's Narvik Gore-Tex Perf. Shell 2L Jacket
previously retailed for:
$220.00 - $285.29
$220.00 - $285.29
The Norrona Women's Narvik Gore-Tex Perf. Shell 2L Jacket is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen February 22, 2016 at Backcountry.com.
If you're looking for a new waterproof jacket, check out the best reviewed current models.


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Never say never to too much of a good thing.
Never say never to too much of a good thing.
What if the four nations were sorted into four Hogwarts houses?
Crushes on cartoon characters — awkward, but we've all had them. The Legend of Korra Rewatchable team admits to some of their biggest ones.
Co-creators Mike DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko look back on the lessons, accomplishments, and challenges of creating their epic animated series Avatar: The Last Airbender.
The complete series of Avatar: The Last Airbender is now available in an extras-packed box set. Does this collection deserve a place of honor on your shelf?
Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra boast huge numbers of benders. But what about the triumphs of the non-benders?
M. Night Shyamalan has
threatened confirmed that he plans to make a sequel to The Last Airbender.
While The Legend of Korra season 2 had some rough patches, there were still many wonderful moments of animation to be seen.
Some pretty big names have lent their voices to Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra. Did you notice all of these celebrity cameos?


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Daniel FORSLUND
CSO, Health Care Development, Sweden's Innovation Agency VINNOVA (SE)
Forslund is responsible for overall policies and strategies on how to stimulate innovation,
quality improvement and reform programs in the health and social sector.
As Chief Strategy Officer, he also plays a key role in the Agency's efforts to develop strategic plans and concrete initiatives to facilitate the broad implementation and use of innovative ideas, processes and technologies.
Mr. Forslund holds a Master's Degree in Political Science, and previously worked as Deputy Director at the Health Care Division of the Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs from 2002 to 2011.
At the Ministry, he was leading the Swedish Government's initiatives on eHealth Policy. This included the process of negotiating and establishing Sweden's first National Strategy for eHealth, as well as other related reform programs, change management and innovation processes in the healthcare domain.
He also have extensive experience in European and International cooperation on healthcare, for example from negotiations in European Council Working Group meetings, as Chairman of the Project Steering Board in the epSOS Large Scale Pilot and representing Sweden as General Assembly Member in IHTSDO, a global organization for health terminologies.
- Bridging the Border Among Decision Makers - How to move from Innovation to Implementation in healthcare ( 1.37MB)
What measures are needed to move from words to action when it comes to healthcare
innovation? Why don't we use the full potential of innovative working methods, new
technologies, cutting edge research or implement more modern ways of organizing care?
This session will address the obstacles preventing the broad implementation and use of innovation in healthcare, and discuss possible solutions on how to create awareness and ownership of the innovation agenda amongst politicians and high-level decision-makers in the healthcare sector. Examples will be presented on how VINNOVA, the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, now is working to enhance the use of Test Beds, Innovation Procurement and Innovation Management in the Public Sector.


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2012 Rubico
we have a2012 rubicon, with less then 3500 miles. motor has a tap noise,exhaust pipe black. Took to local dealer, they check out, said motor has problem.... Lifts loose! !!! theyreplaced both heads and lifters, timing belt. After two weeks we got it back friday night, drove home sounds ok, starated it the following morning it make a terrible noise! !!! My husband says nooil in heads.. Soon as oil gets there it souds ok, you can shut it off and turn it back over its still ok, but you let sit 30mins to hr, and now the oil has drained [B][
/B]out of heads turn it over same thing. Now i have to return it to dealership agian. Not liking this at all. We are due to leave on vacation july 1st for 22 days, and this is my tow car. now what? anyone having these issues with thier new jeep?
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Marty Levine, 82, a former electronics technician in the computer engineering department of The Inquirer, died of complications from neck surgery on Sunday, May 12, at his home in Mount Laurel.
Mr. Levine worked for The Inquirer from April 1978 to December 1995.
Born in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, N.Y., Mr. Levine graduated from Tilden High School there and earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering at Long Island University, his wife, Roberta, said in an interview Monday.
Mr. Levine was an electronics technician for Radio Corp. of America at its offices in Camden, Deptford, and Moorestown from the 1950s into the 1970s and took courses at the RCA Institutes in New York.


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Bat drops in to City Hall for a visitBy Gordon Dritschilo
Staff Writer | May 02,2014A state official was called in to escort an unexpected visitor out of City Hall Tuesday.
An endangered brown bat found its way into the city clerk's office and hung out — literally — at the window until Scott Darling from the Vermont Department of Fish & Wildlife came to collect it.
City Clerk Henry Heck said at first he thought some sort of giant Japanese beetle had gotten into his office when he saw the bat hanging off the inner screen. While some people might have opted to forcibly shepherd it out with a tennis racket or other handy object, Heck said he believes in a more compassionate approach.
"I catch spiders at home and set them free," he said. "I would prefer not to kill one of these animals. ... I pulled the screen out and opened the window. It was pretty cold. He had no desire to leave his warm little hideout he was clinging to."
A call to the state brought in Darling, a wildlife biologist and bat specialist. Darling said the bat, which he identified as a female brown bat, went quietly, not putting up any resistance when he scooped it up into a "bat bag." Darling applauded the staff at City Hall for how they handled the situation.
The bat went to the local Fish & Wildlife office, where another bat-specialized biologist, Alyssa Bennett, looked it over and released it near City Hall.
"We definitely want to try to let wildlife be wildlife and get them back out there," Bennett said. "I suspect she's either near where she lives or not too far away."
The population of brown bats in Vermont has dropped by about 90 percent in recent years with the advent of white-nose syndrome, a fungal infection that causes bats to wake too early from hibernation and then starve to death. Bennett said the disease continues to be a problem and state officials continue to find dead and dying bats.
"Some of them are making it through," she said. "We're watching them pretty closely to try to find out what's so special about individuals living through multiple winters with this disease."
gordon.dritschilo @rutlandherald.comMORE IN This Just InKILLINGTON Police are waiting for the results of an autopsy of a 30-year-old woman who was... Full Story
Rutland's application to become a resettlement site for up to 100 Syrian refugees has... Full StoryARLINGTON The Otter Valley boys soccer team earned its second win over Springfield in four days... Full Story
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Current Issues:
The Importance of Food Safety Regulations
Additional Links
Contact Us
University of Wyoming Extension
Department #3354
1000 E. University Ave.
Laramie, WY 82071
Phone: 307-766-5124
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Department #3354
1000 E. University Ave.
Laramie, WY 82071
Phone: 307-766-5124
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Food Safety, Storage and Food Preservation
Reaching food handlers (consumers, food service and retail workers) with current, research-based information and educational material is critical to providing a safe food supply.
- Food Preservation
Preserving your own food is a great way to ensure the foods you eat are wholesome, safe, and sustainably grown. UW Extension provides hands-on learning experiences highlighting current research-based safe Home Food Preservation techniques.
- Wyoming Food Safety Coalition
Consumer Food Safety
- Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart
- Turkey Talk (pdf)
- Puntos del Pavo (Turkey Talk - Spanish Version - pdf)
- Chronic Wasting Disease in Deer and Elk: Food Safety Precautions (pdf)
Eat Wyoming
Interested in Wyoming-grown foods? Eat Wyoming provides resources for finding and using fresh and nutritious locally-grown foods. Visit our website for information on storing, preserving, and preparing Wyoming local foods!


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Cancer trials typically do not assess smoking history of participants even though studies have shown tobacco use has adverse effects on cancer treatments, researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute and Yale Cancer Center report in a study published in the Journal of Cancer Oncology.
The study led by Dr. Graham Warren at Roswell Park and conducted by Yale psychiatry postdoctoral researcher Erica N. Peters looked at 155 National Cancer Institute-sponsored trials, and showed that only 29% assessed tobacco use.
It is shocking that most of these trials dont assess tobacco use, said Dr. Benjamin Toll, Peters mentor in psychiatry.
Explore further: Cuba releases world's first lung cancer vaccine
More information:


text:
New store at 207 S Florence,
Pond supplies
including plants, fish and
treatments as well as outdoor
entertaining supplies like
Snake Pit Smokers!!!
Tues- Sat 10 am - 5 pm
Treasure Valley Water Gardens is always striving to help our customers find the products they need to make their ponds, waterfalls and dedicated koi ponds stand out and be everything that the customer hopes they will be! 208-362-5605


text:
10 billionth
By EIICHI KOMINE
Game CenterView More by This Developer
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
This is aligned at all to the same number of digits. Just tap a button in just a matter of chance.
There are 100 billion in total if there are 11 digits, aligned it with the same number as there are only 10 of them.
*** Use case ***
• Establish a number, such as Numbers and LOTO.
• When the decided turn, in descending order of number.
What's New in Version 1.0.1
Bug fix
iPhone Screenshot
Customer Reviews
Beast app
I love it <3
View in iTunes
- Free
- Category: Games
- Updated: Sep 13, 2012
- Version: 1.0.1
- Size: 0.9 MB
- Languages: English, Japanese
- Seller: EIICHI KOMINE
- © 2012 AppTime
Compatibility: Requires iOS 4.3 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.


text:
In an interview with CNBC-TV18, experts talked about why the Income Disclosure Scheme, whose results were announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley today, was executed well and why it is important in the face of the rollout of th...
01 Oct 2016, 8.39 pm | Source: CNBC-TV18
Finance Minister Arun Jaitley told reporters that 64,275 people revealed assets under the IDS, which allowed people to legitimize concealed income by paying 45 percent tax.
01 Oct 2016, 4.31 pm | Source: Moneycontrol.com
There is no activity yet in the premium 700 Mhz band, according to industry sources. Maximum activity is taking place in 1800 MHz band, especially for the Mumbai circle, they said, adding that 10 bids have been received in the 210...
01 Oct 2016, 3.52 pm | Source: PTI
Jaitley said 64,275 declarations were made in the four- month window and this figure could go up once all the declarations filed online and manually are compiled.
01 Oct 2016, 3.52 pm | Source: PTI
The MoU was signed here between state agriculture department and Ruchi Soya Industries, to cover an area of 5,000 hectare initially in the foothill areas of West Siang, Lower Subansiri, Papumpare and East Kameng districts, an offi...
01 Oct 2016, 3.36 pm | Source: PTI
According to sources, the second round of bidding for airwaves is under way and all participants placed bids in the first round.
01 Oct 2016, 1.44 pm | Source: PTI
"Kerosene in some parts of the country is used as fuel, and in many parts... is misused. There is a huge amount of diversion... So, states are making efforts to become kerosene free because of a lot of diversion taking place," he ...
01 Oct 2016, 1.26 pm | Source: PTI
"This change in the net position reflected a USD 6 billion decrease in the value of foreign-owned assets in the country vis-i-vis a USD 2.1 billion increase in the value of Indian residents financial assets abroad," RBI said in a ...
01 Oct 2016, 12.52 pm | Source: PTI
"With India's Cabinet signalling readiness to ratify the Paris Agreement on climate change, Greenpeace India is highlighting the threat posed to these commitments as well as to the economy, in particular the energy and banking sec...
01 Oct 2016, 12.52 pm | Source: PTI
Giving details, he said during MIIW in all 2,603 MoUs were signed involving an investment of Rs 8,04,000 crore with an employment potential of 30 lakh jobs.
01 Oct 2016, 12.52 pm | Source: PTI
The RBI said such investments do not meet the eligibility norms for making overseas direct investments under the automatic route at present.
01 Oct 2016, 12.52 pm | Source: PTI
In signs of fracture, the Centre and states today disagreed on decisions reached at the first meeting of the GST Council on service tax assessment although they reached a consensus on area based exemption in the new tax regime.
30 Sep 2016, 8.28 pm | Source: PTI
In its second meeting, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council approved five set of draft rules including those for registration, payments, returns and refunds.
30 Sep 2016, 8.05 pm | Source: CNBC-TV18
Industry needs to innovate and redesign electrical equipment that can use the abundant domestic coal which has high fly ash content so as to reduce dependence on imports, Union Power Minister Piyush Goyal said today.
30 Sep 2016, 7.20 pm | Source: PTI
Growth in the eight core sectors of the economy during August came in at 3.2 percent, unchanged from July. Steel sector posted stellar growth of 17 percent, while cement lagged with a 9 percent contraction.
30 Sep 2016, 5.27 pm | Source: CNBC-TV18
April-August fiscal deficit has come at Rs 4.08 lakh crore, 76.4 percent of the FY17 estimate. The net tax receipt has come at Rs 2.8 lakh crore while the total spending has come at Rs 8.02 lakh crore, 40.5 percent of FY17.
30 Sep 2016, 4.51 pm | Source: Moneycontrol.com
According to screening analytics and identity solutions provider First Advantage, in the second quarter of this year, discrepancies related to employment, address and education categories were at 61.5 percent, 10.3 percent and 5.4...
30 Sep 2016, 4.26 pm | Source: PTI
This was informed to Puducherry Chief Minister V Narayanasamy in a meeting here, where the state government voiced its concern about lower food subsidy given at present amid higher retail price.
30 Sep 2016, 4.26 pm | Source: PTI
"The resolution of MPC will be placed on the official website of RBI at 2.30 pm on October 4," the central bank said on its website, adding that MPC will be meeting on Monday and also Tuesday to take a call on rates.
30 Sep 2016, 3.48 pm | Source: PTI
In his opening remarks at the Fourth Meeting of the Parliamentary Consultative Committee meeting here, he said the government so far is following the road map for implementation of GST "as per the schedule".
30 Sep 2016, 3.48 pm | Source: PTI
It will be important to gauge the views of the members of monetary policy committee.
30 Sep 2016, 3.21 pm | Source: Moneycontrol.com
Monetary Policy Committee may choose to wait for confirmation of the dampening effects of the higher output on prices after the harvest reaches the market, before embarking on the rate cut.
30 Sep 2016, 3.15 pm | Source: Moneycontrol.com
"The MPC will meet on October 3 and 4, 2016 for the fourth bi-monthly monetary policy review for 2016-17. The resolution of the MPC will be placed on the website at 2.30 pm on October 4, 2016," the Reserve Bank said in a statement...
30 Sep 2016, 3.00 pm | Source: PTI
If the six-member monetary policy committee (MPC) is split over whether to hold or cut, Reserve Bank of India Governor Urjit Patel could end up exercising his casting vote.
30 Sep 2016, 2.53 pm | Source: Reuters
During his visit to Jaipur and Ajmer yesterday, Food Processing Secretary Avinash K Srivastava met Rajasthan Chief Secretary and briefed him about the Greentech Mega Food Park being set up at Rupangarh in Ajmer district.
30 Sep 2016, 2.08 pm | Source: PTI
In its final findings, the directorate general of anti-dumping and allied duties (DGAD) has recommended that imposition of the duty on the imports "is not required".
30 Sep 2016, 2.08 pm | Source: PTI
According to the global financial services major, the declining trend in inflation is expected to continue as new crop streams into the market and CPI inflation could fall to under 4.5 percent in January-March 2017.
30 Sep 2016, 1.50 pm | Source: PTI
Government may also consider floor price cut-off for domestic gas prices. This will mean domestic gas prices may not fall below a certain rate despite crude volatility.
30 Sep 2016, 11.58 am | Source: CNBC-TV18
The announcement to this effect was made by state Forest Minister Sudhir Mungantiwar after he inaugurated a 'Transit Treatment Centre' for wildlife here yesterday.
30 Sep 2016, 11.00 am | Source: PTI
The Reserve Bank has currently three Deputy Governors as against the requirement of four.
30 Sep 2016, 10.30 am | Source: PTI


text:
Finish B2b/B2C shopping mall
This project received 24 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $2666 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budget$1500 - $3000 USD
Total Bids24
Project Description
*****NO PAYMENT BEFORE FINISHING OF COMPLETE PROJECT, Including MILESTONE*****
- MIN 1 update to MY server, every week.
- Daily update about progress on project.( Email or skype)
- Must speak english ( Not interrested in talking to friends of programmer )
**** If my demands are not followed, i have the right to Cancel the project/programmer. ******
I need a programmer, Since my 2 last have runned away.
I have waited on feedback now for 4 weeks, now im f...
Some of things have been done in list, but all must be checked... Since i havent got any feedback on how its working/missing any code
My project is a webpage with multiple shops, in different areas.
Customer and retailer pages are mostly done
The customer pages.:
Must find and install a new time picker, that have time limitations ( customizable for each shop, based on different opening/closing times/days, allso delay)
Add Option on Google wallet payment and invoice , (Between retailers and super admin) and if possible Retailers and Customers. Option to choose/set up from each admin/retailer site
Add google Map to checkout ( where requested ) / and all shops.
Profile settings/ Edit profile
And some minor bugs / transelations
Add/change banner space
minor bug on picture size in cart
Retailer pages.:
Profile settings / Edit settings ( mostly done )
Shop feature
Add some "extras" that retailer can buy to upgrade shop/visibillity/messages ( credits)
Add option to buy commercial/ banner placement/link
Add some limitations on fields/text
Add a extra phone field to db ( Used by admin to contact retailer ( mobile ) ).
Add that field to register/setup
Add some movies to different pages ( like " how to " movies ) or/and Help text
Admin page.
This one must be created from scratch / Some parts is done by previous "runner"
- Membership types/ prices
- Create new retailer – add items to a given retailer shop ( Must have same possibility to customize like from retailer own panel.
Option to Place/get address from a new retailer directly from a map
- messages
- Approving news and offers
- Approving some special features/ Membership/upgrades that are available ( U create this options ).
- Creation of invoice/bill automatic when retailers register or buy /upgrade membership
Admin also must approve when bill/invoice should be sendt to retailer, or can be preset to a date/timeperiod for automaticly sending on email/ option to add "notice invoice by sms"
- Show retailere information on " not completed registrations "
- Add text to all empty links/ sites (privacy policy aso)
- Transelate from English to norwegian
- Search for inactive( Files that should have been deleted/ but somehow is lost in server) On a preset time (files/pictures.)
-Activate retailers/ deactivate
- Show retailer that have not been online/ logged in for a preset time.
- Create categories/ subcat on main page / incl info/desc/picture
- Choose what should be featured category on site ( Now there are 3 featured categorys on site )
+++ Everything else that is normally on a admin page/ and
Create dummy apps for the most iphone and android
These apps will go to web page show wesite ( But adress field should not be showing), and show website on any given device
- Functions on "app"
- Change menu icon/how it shows on mobile devices
Recive notifications from site ( messages /orders )
So user will get orders/messages notifications directly on phone ( LIVE )
Allso login/remember login
Provide gps cordinates from mobile device to site, and get site to open/show area
Must be "dummy app" for retailers and for customers.
Allso one for Admin
Some parts of the page is now in Norwegian.
Some issues on special Norwegian letters.
Link to page will be provided to bidders i think is good for the work.
When you place a bid then you agree that page / site/ apps will work 100%
for that amount you have requested in bid
Must agree to a NDA, When adding/placing a bid.( Legally binding )
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- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
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In Cuba, Blending Fun and Jewish Community
JDC brought a blend of fun and Jewish community-building to Cuba recently, with a special beach day outing.Read More
|Items 1 - 20 of 51
JDC brought a blend of fun and Jewish community-building to Cuba recently, with a special beach day outing.Read More
JDC's disaster relief expert and field medic Mike Attinson and JDC Latin America community development expert Viviana Bendersky are on the ground in Ecuador, coordinating JDC's response.Read More
Georgia began for me as "Georgia (Europe)," and ended up being the names, the experiences, the aromas, the flavors, the friends, and the feelings.Read More
There was no way of knowing when we planned JDC's Board and Ambassadors trip to Cuba in fall 2014 that it would come at such an historic time in Cuban-U.S. relations.Read More
For JDC, our work in Argentina is a case study and a story that should be more widely appreciated.Read More
JDC Board member Debby Miller and her daughter Stacy Gorelick, a new member of JDC Ambassadors Circle, had the opportunity to get to know some of the 1,500 members of Cuba's Jewish community.Read More
Take an in-depth look at JDC Ambassadors' Oct. 15 Symposium in New York.Read More
CEO Alan Gill spotlights three high-achieving women whose talents were nurtured by JDC and explains how JDC programs are helping to empower women and their families worldwide.Read More
Together, Jon and Doron founded the first donor group under JDC Ambassadors. At a membership level of $2,500, the Impact Network model provides access to JDC Ambassadors events and engagement.Read More
The Ruderman Family Foundation, the Boston and Israel-based foundation that JDC partners with on important efforts for the inclusion of people with disabilities in Israel, announced the winners of its 2013 Ruderman Prize in Disability. The award honors innovation in the inclusion of people with disabilities in the Jewish community.Read More
With Jewish communities in Latin America facing new economic and social/political concerns, read what JDC President Penny Blumenstein took away from her recent visit to the region.Read More
Thousands took to the streets of a trendy Buenos Aires neighborhood for "Pesaj Urbano" -- a favorite activity of JDC's YOK initiative, which engages people of all ages and backgrounds with Jewish culture outside traditional walls.Read More
Read how JDC's Baby Help Program in Argentina makes Passover a holiday to remember for needy Jewish children and their families.Read More
Every wedding is unique—but capturing dozens of Cuban Jews under a chuppah (wedding canopy) in Havana is a sight to see. Read how a Latin American rabbi, who's made some 115 visits to Cuba's Jewish community on JDC's behalf, officiated at more than two dozen Jewish weddings, 21 of which were held on the same day.Read More
Read how JDC is helping young people in Argentina pursue their college and career dreams despite ongoing economic difficulties.Read More
With the International Labor Organization warning of new job losses ahead as economic recovery efforts stall, read how JDC programs are helping Jewish communities promote new job training opportunities where unemployment rates have been highest.Read More
Read how JDC programs like Baby Help in Argentina continue to aid at-risk, impoverished Jewish children whose families are unable to secure a firm economic footing in that nation's troubled economy.Read More
On the 3rd anniversary of Haiti's devastating earthquake, the Global Director of JDC's International Development Program examines the way we bring our professional expertise to bear to save lives and rebuild communities following natural and man-made disasters.Read More
Journey with Derek Miller to Quito, Ecuador, and read how he connected with the next generation of Jewish leaders at the recently concluded Encuentro—JDC's Conference for Latin American and Caribbean Jewish Institutions and Community Leaders.Read More
Read how JDC brought the Jewish New Year to life in Buenos Aires with its latest edition of Urban Rosh Hashanah, a street festival that draws tens of thousands of people of all ages for a fun-filled exploration of Jewish holiday customs.Read More


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text:
The Macroeconomic Effects of Housing Wealth, Housing Finance, and Limited Risk-Sharing in General Equilibrium
Jack Favilukis
University of British Columbia (UBC) - Division of Finance
Sydney C. Ludvigson
New York University - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh
New York University Stern School of Business, Department of Finance; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)
October 5, 2015
Journal of Political Economy, Forthcoming
This paper studies a quantitative general equilibrium model of housing. The model has two key elements not previously considered in existing quantitative macro studies of housing finance: aggregate business cycle risk, and a realistic wealth distribution driven in the model by bequest heterogeneity in preferences. These features of the model play a crucial role in the following results. First, a relaxation of financing constraints leads to a large boom in house prices. Second, the boom in house prices is entirely the result of a decline in the housing risk premium. Third, low interest rates cannot explain high home values.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 114
JEL Classification: G11, G12, E44, E21
Date posted: May 10, 2010 ; Last revised: October 7, 2015
Suggested Citation
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 19, 2006
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 2005
|Priority date
|Dec 30, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard E. Stein, Eugene Khenson, Scott Mazar
|Original Assignee
|Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (50), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (8), Classifications (7), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/673,766, filed on Sep. 29, 2003, now U.S. Pat No. 6,915,417, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/474,842, filed on Dec. 30, 1999, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,636,963, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to systems and methods for operating computers and other types of microprocessor-based systems. In particular, the invention relates to a system and method for quickly starting up a microprocessor-based system such as an external programmer used gather data from and program a cardiac rhythm management device.
In order for a computer or other microprocessor-based system to be in an operational state capable of executing multiple application programs (i.e., those programs that give the system specific functionality), the system must be under the supervisory control of operating system (OS) software. This operational state involves particular code and data being stored in memory that enable the OS to maintain supervisory control over how the system resources are allocated to the various application processes. The usual means by which the operational state is attained is through a boot sequence, in which the processor (CPU) first begins executing (e.g., upon powering up from a powered down condition) at a specific location in a non-volatile read-only memory (ROM). That is, the program counter of the CPU (or instruction pointer in Intel x86 architectures) is initially loaded with the starting address of software in the ROM, usually referred to as the BIOS (basic input/output system) because of other functions performed by the software. The BIOS code contained in the ROM defines the basic steps taken by the system when it starts, including hardware detection and initialization and loading of the operating system by a bootstrap loader. Execution of the bootstrap loader causes the boot record of the storage medium containing the operating system software (e.g., a hard disk, floppy, or CD-ROM) to be read into system memory, which is usually volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The boot record contains a boot program which is then executed to begin the process of loading the operating system into memory from the storage medium.
The process of booting the system is time-consuming because the operating system must perform certain computations in order to configure itself to the particular system, including hardware detection/initialization and the building of various data structures to be used in the management of system resources such as memory and processor time. In certain situations, it would be advantageous for a system to be able to transition quickly to a booted operational state without going through a lengthy boot process. It is toward that general objective that the present invention is primarily directed.
The present invention is a system and method for enabling a computer or other microprocessor-based system to transition to a target state without going through a boot process. The target state is a booted operational state in which the operating system is in control of system resources, and application programs are either loaded in memory or available for loading from a storage medium by the operating system. In accordance with the invention, an image of the target state is captured and saved in a nonvolatile image storage medium. The image of the target state includes the contents of volatile DRAM memory and the values stored in processor registers when the system is in the target state. In one embodiment, a restore routine contained in a nonvolatile memory is executed upon power-up of the system. The restore routine then extracts the target state image from the image storage medium and begins the process of restoring the target state. After the system memory and registers are loaded with values corresponding to the target state, processor execution is transferred to an operating system return routine that returns control of the system to the operating system software.
In accordance with the invention, the target state image contained in the image storage medium includes a memory image and a target state data structure. The target state data structure contains values to be stored in the processor's registers and information enabling the restore routine to properly store the memory image into system memory. In one embodiment the memory image is formed by directly copying contents of the system volatile memory. The copied contents are then stored in the image storage medium, with or without data compression. The memory image can then be copied directly from the image storage medium into appropriate memory locations by the restore routine. In another embodiment, the target state image is generated by an image saving routine that uses the paging scheme implemented by the operating system to create a memory image made up of page frames, i.e., corresponding only to memory locations actually used by the system in the target state. Information from the page tables maintained by the operating system are then copied to the target state data structure for enabling restoration of the page frames in memory by the restore routine.
The present invention may be embodied as a system for transitioning a microprocessor-based system to a target state booted with operating system software. The system employs a restore routine to restore the system's volatile memory and processor registers to correspond to the target state. An image storage medium contains an image of the target state made up of a memory image and a target state data stricture. The image storage medium is a nonvolatile memory or storage device such as an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM, a.k.a. flash ROM), a hard disk, floppy disk, ferro-electric memory, battery-backed RAM, or an optical storage medium. The restore routine is contained in a non-volatile memory such as a flash ROM or battery-backed RAM, but may relocate itself during execution to an area of volatile memory known to be unused in the target state. The restore routine would typically be contained in the same medium as the system BIOS and execute in lieu of the BIOS's boot program. The image storage medium may be a flash ROM or other non-volatile medium with sufficient storage capacity such as a hard disk. The restore routine includes code for retrieving the memory image and the target state data structure from the image storage medium. After restoration of volatile memory and processor registers to correspond to the target state, processor execution is transferred to an operating system return routine by loading the processor's instruction pointer with the routine's address. The operating system return routine then returns control of the system to the operating system software after making any further needed adjustments.
A target state image saving routine executed by the operating system may be used to generate and save the target state image. In one embodiment, a copy of the contents of all of volatile memory in the target state is stored as part of the target state image. In order to reduce to size of the target state image, data compression techniques can be applied to the memory contents before storing. In another embodiment of the invention, rather than storing the entire contents of volatile memory, only the contents of locations in volatile memory that are actually in use by the system in the target state are saved as a memory image. The size of the memory image that must be stored in order to restore the target state is thus decreased. (Further decreases can be obtained by using data compression techniques to compress the memory image.) In order to accomplish this, the image saving routing uses the paging scheme of the operating system in order to identify used memory locations in a target state. Paging is a technique in which the operating system allocates units of memory called pages in a linear address space and maps those pages to page frames in physical address space (i.e., to physical locations in memory). The linear address space may be larger than the physical address space with unmapped pages kept on a storage medium such as a hard disk and copied into memory as needed, thus providing one way of implementing a virtual memory. Page tables maintained by the operating system and the paging mechanism of the processor provide the page to page frame mapping function. The memory image corresponds to pages in linear address space that are mapped into page frames of physical address space by the paging scheme of the operating system in the target state. It thus represents only the contents of those memory locations that are actually in use in the target state. The target state data structure contains information derived from the operating system's page tables that relates the stored memory image to physical addresses. The restore routine retrieves the target state data structure from a known location in the image storage medium. Code in the restore routine then copies the memory image to volatile memory in a manner that restores the page frames of the target state. The target state data structure also contains the contents of the processor's registers in the target state so that the registers can be reloaded with the values by the restore routine.
As aforesaid, a target state image saving routine is executed in order to take a snapshot of the target state. A target state process may first be executed in order to move the system to the desired target state before the image saving routine is called. In order to isolate the system resources and allow unlimited access to memory while an image of the system is captured, the image saving routine is implemented as an interrupt servicing routine which executes at the kernel privilege level and with interrupts disabled. So that no changes will be made to the hard disk files during the image capturing process, the disk file system is unmounted by the image saving routine. After the image is saved in the image storage medium, execution jumps to the operating system return routine which remounts the file system, re-enables interrupts, and executes an interrupt return to the target state process in order to relinquish control back to the operating system. This is the same operating system return routine jumped to by the restore routine in the final stages of restoring the target state. The operating system return routine is thus contained in the page frames of the target state.
In capturing the target state image, the image saving routine scans the presently used paging directory and paging tables and generates a copy of the page directory filled with linear addresses of paging tables. This structure enables translation of linear addresses to physical addresses. The image saving routine further generates a list of physical addresses of page frames stored in volatile memory locations from the contents of page tables. A list of linear addresses of pages that are mapped to page frames in memory in the target state is also created to enable translation of physical addresses to linear addresses by indexing into the list with a physical address. The target state image saving routine uses the list of linear addresses of mapped pages and the list of physical addresses of page frames to create the memory image for storing in the image storage medium.
In the case where the image storage medium is flash ROM, the image saving routine must use the paging scheme to access it. Accordingly, code is provided in the target state image saving routine for: (a) obtaining a physical address of the image storage medium from a hardware configuration file, (b) patching a blank entry of the page directory with the physical address of a page table created to contain the physical addresses of the image storage medium, (c) accessing the storage device with a linear address corresponding to the patched entry in the page directory and the page table pointed to thereby, and (d) storing the memory image and target state data structure in the image storage medium. If the image storage medium is a hard disk, on the other hand, the file system is unmounted and interrupts disabled during the image capture process for the reasons stated above. Therefore, code is provided in the target state image saving routine for: (a) accessing the hard disk without interrupts, (b) interpreting a partition table of the hard disk to find a designated storage file and calculate a linear block address thereof, and (c) storing the target state data structure and memory image in the designated storage file.
Since there is no operating system present before the target state is reached, the retrieval and storing of the memory image by the restore routine is performed using physical addresses with paging switched off. The target state data structure includes a list of physical addresses that corresponds to volatile memory locations in which page frames are stored in the target state. The list is then employed by the restore routine to store the memory image retrieved from the storage device into volatile memory at selected locations. The restore routine then switches on paging before transfer to the operating system return routine. The target state data structure contains the physical address of the page directory in the target state, and the restore routine then includes code for: (a) patching the page directory so that physical addresses of restore routine instructions are mapped to the same physical addresses, (b) saving information for unpatching the page directory in the target state data structure, and (c) enabling paging before jumping to the operating system return routine. The target state data structure contains the physical address corresponding to the memory location of the target state data structure in the target state, enabling the restore routine to write to the target state data structure. Code in the operating system return routine then invalidates translation lookaside buffers of the paging mechanism, and unpatches the page directory with information contained in the target state data structure.
The following is a description of an exemplary implementation in which a system in accordance with the invention is incorporated into an external programmer for a cardiac rhythm management device (e.g., a pacemaker). The programmer is thus provided with the capability of quick starting from a powered down condition without going through a lengthy boot process, thus saving time for the clinician and patient when the pacemaker is monitored and/or programmed either at the time of implant or during follow-up. The implementation as described has been shown to be capable of transitioning from a powered down to an operational state in less than twenty seconds, a result that has heretofore not been achieved by any currently available external programmer using a 16-bit or greater microprocessor.
As illustrated in
In this exemplary implementation, the operating system (OS) software used is the QNX operating system along with the QNX Windows graphical user interface. QNX is a real-time OS that provides memory management and resource allocation for application programs running under it that provide specific functionality to the programmer (e.g., telemetry and EKG processing). The target state image may include only QNX, with all application processes being loaded from the hard drive, or may additionally include one or more application processes that are started immediately upon attaining the target state. Additional application processes may then loaded from the hard drive by the OS as they are needed in the normal manner.
As described above, the quick starting system that is incorporated into the programmer is made up of three main software components as shown in
The function of the restore routine 200 is to bring the system from a non-operational (e.g., powered down) state to a target state in which the OS is loaded and applications are ready to run. Most of the time during booting of the OS is dedicated to loading the OS files and reading configuration files, and detecting hardware, which involves various timeouts and port scans. Since the hardware in this implementation is fixed, a snapshot can be taken of the system memory, CPU registers and all hardware that has been initialized by the OS at the time snapshot is taken to generate an image of the target state. Bringing the system later to this target state from the image makes the OS believe that it just passed through the complete booting process, because there is no difference between the booted state and restored state with respect to anything accessible to and used by the OS. Additional issues involved are making the OS aware of the time difference between saved image and current time, and possible file system changes.
Saving the image involves accessing the lowest-level system resources, and this has to be done by code operating in the kernel or ring 0 privilege level. This is achieved by attaching the code of the saving routine 200 to an interrupt handler and then generating an interrupt, thus giving control to the saving code which is then guaranteed to run in ring 0. The image saving procedure is initiated by the OS first running the target state process 99 which moves the system toward the target state before the image saving routine 100 is executed. The priority of the target state process 99 is boosted, since there is nothing else that is of higher priority.
Several processes are run after the target state is restored. The real-time clock is synchronized to the hardware clock, the mouse driver is reinitialized, and the windows graphical user interface is restarted. In addition, at least one application should be run as well, since the goal of the implementation is to start a functioning external programmer for a cardiac rhythm management device. Starting an application requires reading the file from hard disk, and this is a slow process. Unix operating systems such as QNX allow an application to be loaded into memory and then held in a suspended state until a signal is received to start the actual execution. This is the approach taken in this implementation where several processes are read from the hard disk before the system's image is saved, thus lessening the time spent in getting the applications to run after image is restored. Depending on the command line parameters that are input when the target state process 99 is executed, one or more programs are read from disk and loaded into memory where they are held in a suspended state. The target state image captured by the image saving process then contains these suspended processes in the process tables of the OS. The process 99 also reads system timer granularity by calling the QNX function qnx_osinfo. The timer granularity value will have to be restored after the target state is restored because the BIOS setting of the timer is not guaranteed to be the same as QNX's.
The file system is then unmounted by the target state process 99, because the application may make changes on the hard drive, and the restored target state will not know about these changes. Unmounting the file system guarantees that all the files are closed during the image saving procedure, and subsequent remounting of the file system during the target state restoration procedure will cause the directory of the hard disk to be reread, thus tracking all the changes that have happened since the time the image was saved. Additionally, the cache buffers will hold file data of the recently opened files. Even though the disk directory will be reread, if the system attempts to open and read the file that has been changed, the OS will provide the data from cache instead of reading it from the hard disk. Therefore, the cache buffers are invalidated.
The target state image saving function 100 is attached to the non-maskable interrupt (NMI) as an interrupt handler. The target state process therefore generates an NMI to pass control to the image saving routine 100. The code is then executing in ring 0, ready to save the system image. The SaveState function 110 is then called which saves all CPU's general use registers and segment registers on the stack, with the data segment registers tracking the target state process's data segment. Then it sets the FS register to point to that data segment, since it is much more convenient to have the data segment register to be 0-based. Segment registers DS and ES are then set with the QNX_FLAT_SEG value, defining a 0-based, 4 GB segment.
The QNX OS uses the paging mechanism of the Pentium processor, which means that physical addresses of memory are not easily calculated. Since it is an image of physical memory that is to be saved, however, extensive use must be made of information contained in the page tables. Since this is a time-consuming process, some preliminary work is done by the SaveInit function 120 to help with the translation. The system information saved in the target state image is kept in a target state data structure, referred to in this implementation as the CSS structure 400. The Pentium control register CR3 holds the physical address of the page directory, and is saved in the CSS. Every translation of address will involve walking through the page directory, and it contains physical addresses of page tables. Since using physical addresses requires another translation, the page directory is scanned and copied to Page_Xdir array 140, filled with translated linear addresses. This way, any time a physical address is needed, a page table can be found by its linear address from the translated page directory. The FixPageTable function 130 walks through the page directory and translates all used entries, stuffing them into Page_Xdir array 140. The linear address of the page directory itself is saved in a variable PageDirAddr 145.
To save time during the restoration procedure and save space in storing the target state image, the image saving routine saves only pages of memory that are present in physical memory, not full of zeroes, and actually used (i.e., page frames). Again, the starting addresses of these pages are found in the page tables, and these addresses are physical, but linear addresses are needed to be able to get to the pages. So, an array of linear addresses is built and filled with starting addresses of every used page. Along with this list, the list of exclusions is built, and this list is a part of the CSS structure. It contains physical address of the last page to be saved before the gap, and then the first page that is used again. The target state restoration procedure will walk through this list, picking up start and stop addresses. The lists are built by the FixPageList function 150, the array of linear addresses is called the PageList array 152, and the array of start/stop addresses is called the BlockList array 154.
If a problem is encountered during creating the list of translated addresses, for example, memory is too fragmented and the list can not fit into the CSS, the BreakFlag variable 156 is set to 1. As soon as SaveInit returns, this flag is checked. If it is set, control returns directly to the image process 99 without going through actual saving of the target state image. After SaveInit returns, control is given to the SetupFsBase function 160. This function calculates the 0-based linear address of the start of the image saving routine's code/data segment. This way, for any calculations that will require identity mapped address (same with and without paging, so that the linear address equals the physical address), the offset within the code or data segment is added to this base. The function takes the value of the code segment register and walks through the GDT (global descriptor table), and possibly the LDT (local descriptor table), to find the descriptor for the code segment, which descriptor contains the segment base.
If the hard disk is used as the image storage medium, a file for storing the image is located on the disk by the FileFound function 170. It uses low-level IDE disk access to read/write, without using interrupts. This code knows how to interpret the partition table, locate FAT16 partitions and find the first cluster of a file called FLASHIMG.DAT in which the target state image will be stored. The ClusterToLBA function 172 calculates the LBA (linear block address) of the first cluster of the file FLASHIMG.DAT, so that the saving functions will know where on the disk to write data.
If a flash ROM is used as the image storage medium, then the page directory has to be patched to make addresses used by flash accessible by the CPU. First, the physical address of flash is acquired from the PCI configuration data, and this address is used in the page directory fields. The linear address available is found by scanning page directory for two consecutive blank entries, to allow 8 MB of flash space. These two entries are patched with the addresses of tvo page tables, that we create in our own data segment. The starting address of the page tables is aligned on the 4K boundary, and the resulting linear address is converted to the 0-based linear address by adding the FS base to it, and then finally it is converted to the physical address that can be stuffed into the page directory. Then all the entries in the page tables are filled with physical addresses of flash ROM, and the flash ROM is erased.
Now control is passed to the Write function 180 that will actually save all the system information into the flash ROM or hard disk. The following Pentium registers are saved in the CSS: flags, CS:EIP, SS:ESP, CR0, CR2, CR3, CR4, TR, GDTR, LDTR and IDTR. The interrupt masks are read from the PIC (programmable interrupt controller) and saved in the CSS. The ident command is sent to the hard drive, and the setting for the multiple sector transfers and currently set geometry is extracted from the ident data and saved in the local variables. There is no need to save this data in the CSS structure, since it will not be used by restore process. When restore routine jumps back to the QNX code, this code can easily locate its local variables. The address of the CSS structure is converted into 0-based linear and then physical, and saved inside of CSS. This way the restore routine 200 can actually write data into the CSS so that the final restore phases can use this data. The cache is invalidated and flushed to ensure memory coherency, and the CSS is written to the image storage medium. Now the saving procedure goes into a cycle, where all addresses from 0 to the top of RAM are converted into linear addresses and saved to the image storage medium. However, some pages are not saved. The addresses that marked in the BlockList as not present are not saved, and addresses from A0000 to 100000 are not saved, since they do not contain RAM, but rather system BIOS and ROM extensions. The conversion from physical addresses to linear addresses is done by simply indexing into the PageList array. All saves are done in chunks of 4K, the size of a page.
When the save process is complete, a jump is made to the operating system return routine, designated as the OS_RET routine 300. This is the same code as the restore process will jump to after restoring the target state image. From this point the code does not really know whether the target state image was just saved or restored. The offset of OS_RET is saved in the CSS from the CS:EIP register value, and the restoring code will pick it up and jump there. OS_RET completes the target state restoration procedure, and in case of a save, it just reloads the values of the registers that are already loaded. One important issue here is to invalidate and flush cache and translation lookaside buffers (TLBs), used as cache in the paging mechanism of the Pentium, since the restore code has just switched on paging, and the TLBs in the CPU are invalid. First, segment registers are restored along with stack pointer. Then IDTR, TR, CR2 and CR4 restored. The target state restoration procedure requires some patching of the page tables, and by that time these patches are no longer needed, so the page tables are restored from the values saved in the CSS. Then hard drive geometry settings are set according to the values saved in the local variables. The saving and restoring process did not use IDE interrupts and they were disabled on the controller, so at this moment they are re-enabled again. Then PIC is initialized in the same way as QNX does it during its boot. Finally, the masks of the PIC and CPU flags are restored, enabling interrupts to happen.
OS_RET now returns to the caller of the image saving routine, which pops all general usage registers from stack and returns from the NMI originally initiated for the image saving procedure. Now execution is back at the target state process 99 code, the timer is reinitialized with the values acquired during save, and the file system is remounted. Finally, the programs that were loaded into memory in a held state are allowed to run to reinitialize mouse driver, synchronize system timer with hardware clock and restore the windows GUI. If a user application was specified in the command line, it is allowed to start only after windows GUI is completely loaded. If the image saving routine reports to the target state process that more data was saved than the image storage medium allows, then the processes loaded into memory are not continued, but killed instead and the error message is displayed.
The target state restoration procedure starts with the BIOS giving control to the restore routine, located in the BIOS address space. Since the restore routine code will need to use RAM for data buffers and local variables, it relocates itself into the middle of physical RAM, since QNX is known not to use this memory. The code is thus relocated, and the new GDT is set up. It is then loaded into the GDTR, and since this moment the code does not rely on anything else but its own settings. The restore code reserves space for the buffers and stack; the DS, ES and SS are normally code32 based, but will change to 0-based selectors quite often. If hard disk is used as the image storage medium, the data file is located by using the same function as was used during the image saving procedure to find the file's first cluster and convert this value into an LBA. Then the CSS is read into a local buffer, since it is occupies the first 4K of the file data and contains vital information on how to allocate the rest of data. Then the pages are read one at a time, and the pointer is compared to the start/stop list stored in the CSS. When the stop address encountered, the memory is filled with 0 until the next start address, and the process of reading data from file is resumed. Special caution is taken when addresses are close to the execution address of the restore code by advancing the memory address to skip over the restore code and prevent overwrite. If flash ROM is used, then its address is fetched from the PCI configuration. Page tables are not used at this time, so the linear address is the same as the physical address. The flash ROM is not read in 4K pages, but rather in chunks depending on the start/stop addresses. Again, the addresses between stop and start are filled with 0, and the memory region around the restore code is preserved.
The jump into the operating system return code is a far jump instruction, at the end of the restore routine's code. The target CS:EIP values in the jump instruction opcode are loaded with values found in the CSS. Since QNX is using paging, and the restore code does not, the instruction that enables paging in CR0 and the following jump instruction must be located in an identity mapped page. For this purpose the page directory is patched to track the restore code's base address in such a way that its linear address will be the same as its physical address. The original value from the page directory is saved in the CSS. Note that this CSS is the restore code's local copy of CSS and not the one that is located in the QNX code's data space. The critical values like this one will be copied there later. The address of the CSS structure is fetched from the local copy and loaded into register EBX. At that moment the total number of bytes restored is loaded into the CSS, as well as the address of patched page directory entry and its original value. Jumping into the QNX code is performed in two steps. First, the paging is switched on, then target LDT and GDT are loaded into the CPU registers, and then the far jump is taken into the QNX code. From there, the execution continues at the address of OS_RET which is the same execution point as at the end of the image saving procedure.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with the foregoing specific embodiment, many alternatives, variations, and modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such alternatives, variations, and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the following appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 19, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Notts still in charge despite slip
Watch free daily video highlights from every LV= County Championship match here on ecb.co.uk this summer
Nottinghamshire crashed to a 210-run defeat against Durham but still hold a commanding lead at the top of the LV= County Championship with two games to play.
Nottinghamshire took six points from the match to lead Somerset by 22 points. Yorkshire, who go to Trent Bridge next week, are a further three adrift.
After being set an improbable victory target of 391 in 78 overs at the Emirates Durham ICG, on a pitch on which Durham added 82 in just over an hour in the morning, the visitors' attempts to bat out the day were undermined by Ben Harmison taking three wickets in four balls. They were bowled out for 180 in just 54.1 overs.
With Mark Davies taking no further part after developing a sciatic nerve problem on the second day, Durham also lost Liam Plunkett, who limped off after bowling two overs with the new ball.
Harmison was on for the fifth over of the innings and conceded 24 in four overs before lunch. There was a wide in his first over after the break, but with the score 51 for one he suddenly got it right in his seventh over.
Alex Hales pushed forward and edged to Michael Di Venuto at second slip and the next ball, perfectly pitched on off stump, bounced steeply. Australian Adam Voges, also pushing forward, edged it to wicketkeeper Phil Mustard.
The hat-trick ball was short and wide, allowing Samit Patel to collect two easy runs, but the next delivery pinned him lbw on the back foot.
A stand of 30 between Mark Wagh and Ali Brown was broken by Ian Blackwell, who trapped both lbw and later had Luke Fletcher caught at silly mid-off to finish with 3-23 in 19 overs.
Harmison finished with 4-70, his final victim being Chris Read, who drove well outside off stump and edged low to third slip, where substitute Gareth Breese held a good catch.
Andre Adams, attempting to slog almost every ball, skied a catch to mid-on off Mitch Claydon, and the only resistance came from Steven Mullaney.
He was last out for 64, skying a pull off Scott Borthwick for Mustard to take the catch 10 minutes before the start of the final hour.
Durham's fifth win of the season ended any relegation worries, but their hopes of a title hat-trick remain minuscule. Nottinghamshire need only five points from two games to deny them.
In the morning Blackwell had failed to add to his 50, edging Fletcher to Read, but Borthwick played beautifully for the second time in the match, scoring 43 in an unbroken stand of 79 with Mustard, who was on 51 when he declared with Durham 361 for six.


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Gov. Terry McAuliffe will cap off a busy week of travel this weekend with a trip to the Kentucky Derby.
This makes three runs for the roses in three years as governor for McAuliffe, who has attended Democratic Governors Association events at the Derby each year.
It's been a busy week of travel, even by McAuliffe's standards, and he boasts that he's probably the most travelled governor, internationally, in the United States.
He was in Europe late last month.
The governor spent time Friday at Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute in Roanoke, where he signed a new bond package geared heavily toward college and university construction projects. He and his...


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A scary show on Adult Swim. Somehow it passes as anime when it is more like that fake Sailor Moon like anime.
The mother on "Crayon Shin-Chan" scares the shit out of me.
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Diane Kruger on "The Bridge." Credit: Byron Cohen/FX Network
'The Bridge'The second season of FX's show about detectives on each side of the U.S./Mexico border working together premieres.SEASON PREMIERE, 10 p.m., FX
'Motive'The team looks into a skydiving incident. Did the victim's parachute not open? The very thought is giving us the heebie jeebies.10 p.m., ABC
'Hot in Cleveland'The women are surprised to discover Elka (Betty White) wrote a play about them. That seems pretty flattering.10 p.m., TVLAND
'Big Brother'Tonight, there will be a "power of veto" competition. We can only assume this is a civics lesson about when and why government figures employ the veto.8 p.m., CBS


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Judicial Watch: Obama Family's October Weekend Fundraising Getaway to San Diego Cost Taxpayers $2,001,468.90 in Travel Expenses Alone
Known Travel Expenses Now Approaching $10 Million A Year (Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch announced today that it has obtained records from the U.S. Department of the Air Force revealing that the October 2015 Columbus Day getaway enjoyed by President Barack Obama and his family cost taxpayers $969,783.90 in flight expenses…
Judicial Watch: New HHS Documents Reveal Security Concerns, Healthcare.gov Had No 'Authorization to Operate'
Lack of 'ATO' Was 'High Risk to Agency' (Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today released over 1,000 pages of new documents that show federal health care officials knew that the Obamacare website, when it launched in 2013, did not have the required "authorization to operate" (ATO) from agency information security…
Rep. Chaffetz to probe State Department's transparency
House Oversight Chairman Jason Chaffetz is launching a probe of the State Department's responses to Freedom of Information Act requests amid heightened scrutiny of how they were handled during former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's tenure.
Hillary Confidant Hails Ghana's 23-Cent Wage to Textile Investors
Cheryl D. Mills, long-time friend and confidant of Bill and Hillary Clinton, is promoting a 23 cents-an-hour wage in the West African nation of Ghana to lure textile and apparel industry companies to invest there even as the former secretary of state advocates a $15-an-hour "livable wage" here.
New email headaches for Hillary as judge orders release of 29,000 pages of private messages from top aide Huma Abedin
A federal judge has ordered the release of an archived trove of 29,000 pages of emails from one of Hillary Clinton's top aides as secretary of state.
State Department To Review Emails From Clinton Aide Huma Abedin
The State Department has agreed to review 29,000 pages of emails from Huma Abedin, a close aide to Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, from their days at the department, for possible public release under a new legal agreement with a conservative legal group.
FBI's Clinton probe expands to public corruption track
EXCLUSIVE: The FBI investigation into Hillary Clinton's use of private email as secretary of state has expanded to look at whether the possible "intersection" of Clinton Foundation work and State Department business may have violated public corruption laws, three intelligence sources not authorized to speak on the record told Fox News.
Don't Take HUD Money: Feds Will Swallow You Whole
President Obama is taking over local government in America, and almost no-one talking about it. Obama's new Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) regulation is his vehicle for the effective federalization of…well, pretty much everything.
More details, new questions about 2011 Clinton email
From the Daily Mail: Clinton, whose presidential campaign has been challenged by her use of a private email account while secretary of state, is facing new questions after Friday's revelation that she asked an adviser to go around a secure fax system to transmit a set of "talking points" on…
Judicial Watch Statement on IG Report Confirming FOIA Violations by Hillary Clinton and Obama State Department
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch President Tom Fitton made the following statement regarding the report released today by the State Department's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) regarding the Hillary Clinton email scandal and the mishandling of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests by former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton…
IRS nixes controversial plan to collect Social Security numbers of charity donors
A wave of complaints forced the IRS on Thursday to withdraw its controversial plan to have nonprofit charities report the Social Security numbers of donors who give just $250 in any given year.
Dozens of State Dept. staff knew Clinton used private email
By the final year of Hillary Clinton's stint as secretary of state, dozens of senior State Department officials were aware Clinton used a personal email account to conduct official business.
Scathing IG Report On Hillary Email Account Puts David Brock In A Bind
A damning report from the State Department's Office of the Inspector General about the agency's improper handling of public records requests for information on Hillary Clinton's email account has put David Brock, one of the former secretary of state's most dogged supporters, in an awkward position.
Judicial Watch Opposes Obama Administration Executive Action to Create Race-Based 'Tribe' in Hawaii
Grassroots Group Warns Hawaii Plan Is Racially Discriminatory, Unconstitutional and Would Set a 'Dangerous Precedent' (Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today announced its opposition to an effort by the Obama administration to recognize a new race-based "tribe" of Native Hawaiians. The government watchdog details how the Obama Interior Department's
U.S. Warns Employers to Protect Muslim Rights, Directs Victims to File Complaints
In the aftermath of the San Bernardino terrorist attacks the Obama administration has issued a new warning regarding workplace discrimination "against individuals who are, or perceived to be, Muslim or Middle Eastern." American businesses are to accommodate the religious needs of Muslims and assure that they aren't being harassed or…
Judicial Watch: New State Department Emails Reveal Top Clinton Aide Focused on Her Private Company's Logo 24 Hours After Deadly Benghazi Attack
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch today released State Department emails, written 24 hours after the terrorist attack on the Benghazi consulate, in which former Clinton chief of staff Cheryl Mills quickly moved past condolences over the slaying of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens to focus her attention on the design of…
Obscure law had a big political impact in 2015
While an effort to reform the nation's open records law failed to gain much traction in 2015 after a promising start, the Freedom of Information Act still quietly shaped much of the year's political landscape.
Agents nab Pakistanis with terrorist connections crossing U.S. border
When the U.S. Border Patrol nabbed two Pakistani men with ties to terrorism at the U.S.-Mexico border in September, it marked just the latest instance of illegal immigrants from so-called "special interest countries" using the southern border as a point of entry into the country.
Let's hope they're economizing this year! Final cost of the Obamas' Hawaii Christmas two years ago revealed to be $500,000 PER DAY
President Barack Obama's latest Hawaiian vacation with his family is costing U.S. taxpayers about $500,000 per day and $8.1 million over the course of his presidency, according to new reports published Tuesday.
Judicial Watch Sues for Documents Withheld From Congress in New Climate Data Scandal
(Washington, DC) – Judicial Watch announced today that it filed a lawsuit on December 2, 2015, in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia seeking records of communications from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) officials regarding methodology for collecting and interpreting data used in climate models (Judicial…


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Who Gets Kicked Out? Moving Trucks Spotted at Brangelina's House After Split Announcement
- 04:27 PM, Sep 22
Jessie J Performs at The VIP Room Theatre
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