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Brief Summary
Comprehensive Description
| Common names: shark (English), tiburón (Espanol)
Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)
Basking shark
Stout body; pointed snout; huge mouth; 5 very long gill slits that extend onto the top and bottom of the body, all before the pectoral; long, hair like gill rakers; teeth numerous, minute, hooked; 2 dorsal fins, the first midway between the pectorals and pelvics; tail nearly symmetrical and half-moon shaped; tail base depressed, with long, strong keel.
Back blackish to grey-brown or blue-grey; belly a little paler.
Size: > 1000 cm.
Habitat: near shore pelagic.
Depth: 0-570 m.
Circumglobal in temperate waters; enters the fringes of our region - to central and possibly southern Baja, possibly the northern Gulf of California; the Galapagos, Ecuador and Peru.
Range Description
Global Endemism: All species, TEP non-endemic, Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans), "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific), West + East Pacific (but not Central), East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West), East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West)
Regional Endemism: All species, Eastern Pacific non-endemic, Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic, Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily, California + Peruvian provinces, primarily, Continent, Continent only
Residency: Vagrant
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California), Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap), Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo), South Temperate (Peruvian Province ), Antitropical (North and South temperate)
North and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Biogeographic Regions: oceanic islands (Native ); atlantic ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )
National Distribution
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
Physical Description
The basking shark has a conical snout, enormous gills, dark bristle-like gill rakers, and a crescent-shaped tail. Teeth are small and numerous(about one hundred per row) with a single conical cusp usually curved backwards, and similar in both jaws. Color is grayish brown to black above, often with blotches of a lighter color, and pale with blotches on the belly. Average size of this shark ranges from 7-9 m.
Average mass: 3900 kg.
Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry
Average mass: 2.2e+06 g.
Max. size
Diagnostic Description
Habitat and Ecology
The large liver and high squalene levels (Burandeen and Richards-Rajadurai 1986) are characteristic of deepwater sharks. Deepwater pelagic shrimps (from >100 m) found in the stomach of a basking shark in Japan first indicated mesopelagic food sources (Mutoh and Omori 1978). Few sharks are recorded from coastal and surface waters in winter, indicating a migration into warmer regions or deep water, although there are surface records from Monterey Bay in winter (Squire 1990, Baduini 1995). A few winter specimens from the northeast Atlantic had shed their gill rakers, indicating that they were not feeding during this period of low zooplankton abundance. It was suggested that Basking Sharks might rest in deep water in winter (Parker and Boeseman 1954), utilising food reserves in the large liver. Energetics and tagging studies, however, indicate that feeding still takes place at this time and that extensive horizontal and vertical migrations are undertaken throughout the winter, on and near the edge of the Northeast Atlantic continental shelf (Sims et al. 1998, 2003). A New Zealand winter hoki fishery, targeting fish aggregated in deep water for spawning, takes a bycatch of Basking Sharks that may be feeding on the energy-rich eggs (Francis and Duffy 2002), while Sims et al. (2003) suggest that deep-diving sharks may feed on over-wintering copepods.
The reproductive biology of Basking Sharks is considered to be similar to that of other lamnoid sharks (Kunzlik 1988). Pairing takes place in early summer, wounds caused by copulation having been recorded in British waters in May by Matthews (1950). A single functional ovary contains a very large number of small eggs. Ovoviviparity occurs: embryos hatch within the uterus. Other lamnoid sharks exhibit embryonic ovophagy, in which the mother continues to produce infertile eggs on which the embryos can feed; the Basking Shark probably has the same strategy. Estimates for gestation period range from 12-36 months (Parker and Stott 1965, Pauly 1978, 2002, Compagno 1984a). The only record of a pregnant female was made by a Norwegian fisherman, who caught a shark which gave birth to five live young and one still-born, estimated to be between 1.5 and 2 m in length (Sund 1943). This indicates birth at a larger size than any other known ovoviviparous or viviparous shark. The catch from commercial surface fisheries is almost entirely non-pregnant females (e.g. Watkins 1958). It is thought there is likely a resting period of at least a year between pregnancies, and therefore a 2-4 year interval between litters (Parker and Stott 1965, Pauly 1978, 2002, Compagno 1984a). Pregnant females must normally segregate to an area where no fishery takes place (probably in deep water). Lien and Fawcett (1986) recorded twice as many males as females in incidental catches in deeper water around Newfoundland, indicating segregation of the sexes.
The smallest free-swimming individuals recorded are about 1.7-1.8 m (Parker and Stott 1965). However, the young are very rarely encountered until they reach more than 3 m in length. Growth is about 40 cm annually (Pauly 1978, 2002, Watterson in litt.). Males become sexually mature at a length of 5-7 m, age unknown, but possibly 12-16 years. Females are mature at 8.1-9.8 m and perhaps 16-20 years (Compagno 1984a). Pauly (1978) suggested mean age at first maturity for females as 18 years and that a shark of 9.6 m was 31 years old. There are unconfirmed measurements of 12.76 m (a theoretical maximum from Parker and Stott 1965) and 13.72 m (Holden 1974). Theoretically, longevity is about 50 years, though much more work on the age, growth and demographics of this species is needed. It is estimated that the natural mortality is low (M~0.07 per year) (Pauly 2002).
- Marine
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 498 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 558
Temperature range (°C): 1.185 - 25.997
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.286 - 21.384
Salinity (PPS): 31.601 - 36.148
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.364 - 7.119
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 1.326
Silicate (umol/l): 0.868 - 12.246
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0 - 558
Temperature range (°C): 1.185 - 25.997
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.286 - 21.384
Salinity (PPS): 31.601 - 36.148
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.364 - 7.119
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 1.326
Silicate (umol/l): 0.868 - 12.246
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Inshore/Offshore: Offshore Only, Offshore
Water Column Position: Surface, Near Surface, Mid Water, Water column only
Habitat: Water column
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic
Basking sharks inhabit subpolar and temperate seas moving southward during the winter. They prefer surface waters of the open sea, straying inland only to breed in the summer.
Aquatic Biomes: coastal
Habitat Type: Marine
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 498 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 558
Temperature range (°C): 1.185 - 25.997
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.286 - 21.384
Salinity (PPS): 31.601 - 36.148
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.364 - 7.119
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 1.326
Silicate (umol/l): 0.868 - 12.246
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0 - 558
Temperature range (°C): 1.185 - 25.997
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.286 - 21.384
Salinity (PPS): 31.601 - 36.148
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.364 - 7.119
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.088 - 1.326
Silicate (umol/l): 0.868 - 12.246
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Recorded at 570 meters.
Habitat: pelagic.
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
Trophic Strategy
Diet: zooplankton, pelagic fish eggs, pelagic fish larvae
To capture food, this shark swims with its mouth open widely, gillrakers straining plankton from the water. The absence of basking sharks in the winter has led to the belief that they hibernate in deep waters until the following summer and, since they lose their gill rakers in winter, possibly cease to feed during this time.
Diseases and Parasites
Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Life Expectancy
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 32 years.
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
Basking sharks are believed to be ovoviviperous. Females mature at 4-5m. Embryos supposedly measure between 1.5-1.8m in length.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male: 2920 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 4197 days.
Evolution and Systematics
Functional Adaptations
Functional adaptation
The gills of basking sharks filter plankton from seawater for nutrition via specialized filters called gill-rakers.
"Torpor or hibernation in fish is rare, but the most remarkable case features the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). It swallows great quantities of plankton, straining it from the water via specialized filters called gill-rakers. A common sight drifting just beneath the sea surface during the plankton-rich summer months, these sharks are rarely seen during the winter, when plankton is scarce. This is because they descend to deeper waters where, scientists assumed, they spend the season in a torpid state. However, when scientists examined two basking sharks during winter they lacked gill-rakers and thus couldn't feed. This unexpected finding suggests that basking sharks hibernate, shedding their gill-rakers and regrowing them in spring." (Shuker 2001:108)
Learn more about this functional adaptation.
- Shuker, KPN. 2001. The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature. London: Marshall Editions Ltd. 240 p.
Functional adaptation
The metabolism of basking sharks allows survival of winter food limitations via torpor, a hibernation-like state.
"Torpor or hibernation in fish is rare, but the most remarkable case features the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). It swallows great quantities of plankton, straining it from the water via specialized filters called gill-rakers. A common sight drifting just beneath the sea surface during the plankton-rich summer months, these sharks are rarely seen during the winter, when plankton is scarce. This is because they descend to deeper waters where, scientists assumed, they spend the season in a torpid state. However, when scientists examined two basking sharks during winter they lacked gill-rakers and thus couldn't feed. This unexpected finding suggests that basking sharks hibernate, shedding their gill-rakers and regrowing them in spring." (Shuker 2001:108)
Learn more about this functional adaptation.
- Shuker, KPN. 2001. The Hidden Powers of Animals: Uncovering the Secrets of Nature. London: Marshall Editions Ltd. 240 p.
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Cetorhinus maximus
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 48 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
-- end --
Download FASTA File
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Cetorhinus maximus
Public Records: 49
Specimens with Barcodes: 58
Species With Barcodes: 1
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
The Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is a very large, filter-feeding cold-water pelagic species that is migratory and widely distributed, but only regularly seen in a few favoured coastal locations and probably never abundant. Most documented fisheries have been characterised by marked, long lasting declines in landings after the removal of hundreds to low thousands of individuals. Its fins are among the most valuable in international trade. Basking Sharks are legally protected in some territorial waters and listed in CITES Appendix II. Compagno (1984a) considers the species "to be extremely vulnerable to overfishing, perhaps more so than most sharks, ...ascribed to its slow growth rate, lengthy maturation time, long gestation period, probably low fecundity and probable small size of existing populations (belied by the immense size of individuals in their small schools)".
The global status of the Basking Shark is assessed as Vulnerable, with the North Pacific and Northeast Atlantic stocks, which have been subject to target fisheries, assessed as Endangered. These assessments are based primarily on past records of rapidly declining local populations of basking sharks as a result of short-term fisheries exploitation and very slow population recovery rates.
- 2000Vulnerable (VU)
- 1996Vulnerable (VU)
- 1994Insufficiently Known (K)
- 1990Insufficiently Known (K)
CITES: Listed, Appendix II
No special status.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
National NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked
NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
Basking Sharks are common in the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, Canadian Pacific. Salmon net fishermen in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, complained of damage through accidental basking shark catches in the 1940s. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans instigated a shark eradication programme in the 1950s. Clemens and Wilby (1961) state that Fisheries vessels killed "several hundred" in Barkley Sound up to 1959, to reduce salmon net bycatch. Darling and Keogh (1994) state "Basking sharks are rarely sighted in Barkley Sound today, suggesting that the majority of the population in that area were killed." It seems that this stock of Basking Sharks was significantly depleted over a period of just a few years and has not yet recovered. A summer Basking Shark fishery started at Achill Island, western Ireland in 1947, using set nets to entangle sharks. It peaked in the early 1950s, when 1,000-1,808 sharks were taken each year. In the early 1970s only 29-85 sharks were taken annually, a decline of over 90% in 20-25 years. Re-capitalisation of the fishery in 1973 failed to increase yields locally and it closed in 1975, despite high oil prices. Parker and Stott (1965) and Horsman (1987) attributed the decline and collapse of this fishery to the overfishing of a local stock. Berrow and Heardman (1994) noted that there were still very few observations of basking sharks along the whole west and north-west coast of Ireland in 1993, and Achill Island fishermen reported fewer than 10 sharks sighted annually (Earll pers. comm.). This fishery appears to have depleted the population to such an extent that it has still not recovered some 40 years later. A wide-ranging Norwegian fleet has undertaken the major basking shark fishery in the northeast Atlantic from April to September in most years. Catches were high (>1,000 and up to >4,000) from 1959-1980 (Kunzlik 1988, ICES data, in Anon. 2002c). The Norwegian quota in European Community waters was 800 t (liver weight) in 1982, 400 t (approximately 800-1,000 sharks) in 1985, subsequently reduced to 200 t, 100 t, and to zero in 2001. Because basking sharks are taken by fishing vessels targeting small whales, increased restrictions on whaling activities and ageing vessels have reduced fleet size. The decline in this fishery has also been attributed to the falling value of Basking Shark liver oil, as a result of the competition from deepwater shark fisheries. Landings rose slightly in the early 1990s, when the fishery was being sustained by high fin prices (ICES 1995), but have since declined to very low levels, despite steeply increasing fin values. The majority of fins landed by Norway have been exported to Japan (Anon. 2002c). Since the precise location from which the basking sharks were taken is only identified by ICES sea area, it is difficult to detect and evaluate trends in catches, effort, and hence population, but the declines appear to be related to population trends and driven by fisheries and trade demand (Anon. 2002c). An intensive targeted Japanese Basking Shark fishery, utilising liver oil, shark fin and meat, took place in spring off Nakiri, Shima Peninsula, in the 1960s and 1970s. An estimated 1,200 sharks were harpooned from 1967-1978, peaking in 1972 when more than 60 sharks were sold at market in one day. Catches declined from about 150 sharks in 1975, to 20 in 1976, nine in 1977 and six in 1978. The fishery closed a few years later. In the 1990s, only 0-2 Basking Sharks were being sighted each year off Nakiri during migration (Yano 1976, 1979, Uchida 1995). Basking sharks are sometimes landed and sold after becoming entangled in set nets or pot lines, or caught in trawls, but bycatch (whether landed or discarded) is rarely reported. Exceptions are reports by Lien and Fawcett (1986) on an incidental fishery for basking sharks by salmon and cod set nets and deepwater trawls in Newfoundland, and Francis and Duffy (2002) on incidental capture in deepwater fisheries off New Zealand. Incidental shark catches in Newfoundland increased in 1981 when a market developed for the fins and liver. When there is no market for the sharks' fins and livers, salmon fishermen generally remove their gear from the water to prevent damage when basking sharks are known to be in the area. If there is a market, any sharks caught are killed and landed.
Berrow (1994) estimated that 77-120 sharks are taken annually in the bottom set gillnet fishery in the Celtic Sea. Fairfax (1998) reports that basking sharks are sometimes brought up from deepwater trawls near the Scottish west coast during winter. Bycatch in Isle of Man herring fishery is about 10-15 fish annually and a further 4-5 entangled in pot lines, (K. Watterson in litt.). Local fishermen estimate an unreported bycatch of up to 40 Basking Sharks per year in one large bay in south-west England (C. Speedie pers. comm.). In contrast to these relatively large coastal bycatches, observer data from oceanic gillnet fleets suggest that only about 50 Basking Sharks were among the several million sharks taken annually offshore in the Pacific Ocean (Bonfil 1994). Habitat loss or degradation is not considered to be a serious problem for this species.
Following notes added by Lucy Harrison (email@example.com) via Sarah Fowler May 17th 2010
Later in 2005, the species was listed in Appendix I and II of CMS. Appendix I means that Parties are required to provide strict protection.
In 2006 ICES issued this advice, which is still current:No targeted fishing for basking shark should be permitted and additional measures should be taken to prevent bycatch of basking shark in fisheries targeting other species. A TAC should cover all areas where basking sharks are caught in the northeast Atlantic. This TAC should be set at zero.
This advice was adopted in 2007 and the zero TAC covers all areas of the NE Atlantic where basking sharks may be caught.
Norway ALWAYS implements ICES advice (and indeed, unless they take out a reservation, also other MEA measures unlike many other States). Their basking shark fishery was therefore closed in either 2006 or 2007, I forget which but probably the latter. They are presumably still landing bycatch, because Norway prohibits discards, but fishermen are not paid full market value for catches for which they do not have a license only enough to cover the cost of bringing home the catch. This means that they will be avoiding basking sharks wherever possible.
Because of the CMS Appendix I listing, basking shark is also an EU prohibited species: It shall be prohibited for Community vessels to fish for, to retain on board, to tranship and to land the following species in all Community and non-Community waters Every year, however, we get reports of basking sharks being caught, landed and put on sale illegally in the EU. So, small scale bycatch and utilisation is definitely ongoing even in areas where the species is strictly protected.
Elsewhere: NZ is the only place where there is still a fairly large utilised basking shark bycatch (in trawls over hoki spawning grounds). The fins are exported under CITES license to East Asia. NZ allows finning.
Conservation Actions
Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
In some areas, this shark is considered to be a nuisance because it gets tangled in floating nets while basking on the surface. Occasionally, they have been known to ram small boats, presumably by accident.
This fish was once used for its liver oil and was thus virtually endangered for some time. It is still used in lesser amounts for fish meal and animal feed.
Basking shark
The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the second-largest living fish, after the whale shark, and one of three plankton-eating sharks besides the whale shark and megamouth shark. It is a cosmopolitan migratory species, found in all the world's temperate oceans. It is a slow-moving filter feeder and has anatomical adaptations for filter feeding, such as a greatly enlarged mouth and highly developed gill rakers. Its snout is conical and the gill slits extend around the top and bottom of its head. The gill rakers, dark and bristle-like, are used to catch plankton as water filters through the mouth and over the gills. The basking shark is usually greyish-brown, with mottled skin. The caudal (tail) fin has a strong lateral keel and a crescent shape. The teeth of the basking shark are very small and numerous, and often number one hundred per row. The teeth have a single conical cusp, are curved backwards, and are the same on both the upper and lower jaws. Adults typically reach 6-8 m (20-26 ft.) in length.
Basking sharks are believed to overwinter in deep waters. They may be found in either small schools or alone. Small schools in the Bay of Fundy and the Hebrides have been seen swimming nose to tail in circles in what may be a form of mating behaviour. Despite their large size and threatening appearance, basking sharks are not aggressive and are harmless to humans.
It has long been a commercially important fish, as a source of food, shark fin, animal feed, and shark liver oil. Overexploitation has reduced its populations to the point where some have disappeared and others need protection.
This shark is called the "basking" shark because it is most often observed when feeding at the surface and appears to be basking in the warmer water there. It is the only member of the family Cetorhinidae, part of the mackerel shark order Lamniformes. Gunnerus was the first to describe and name the species Cetorhinus maximus from a specimen found in Norway. The genus name Cetorhinus comes from the Greek ketos which means marine monster or whale and rhinos meaning nose; the species name maximus is from Latin and means "greatest". In the following centuries there were more attempts at naming: Squalus isodus, in 1819 by Macri; Squalus elephas, by Lesueur in 1822; Squalus rashleighanus, by Couch in 1838; Squalus cetaceus, by Gronow in 1854; Cetorhinus blainvillei by Capello in 1869; Selachus pennantii, by Cornish in 1885; Cetorhinus maximus infanuncula, by Deinse and Adriani in 1953; and finally Cetorhinus maximus normani, by Siccardi in 1961.[3] Other names include bone shark, elephant shark, hoe-mother (sometimes contracted to homer), sail-fish, and sun-fish.[4]
Range and habitat[edit]
The basking shark is a coastal-pelagic shark found worldwide in boreal to warm-temperate waters around the continental shelves. It prefers 8.0 to 14.5°C (46 to 58°F) temperatures, but has been confirmed to cross the much-warmer waters at the equator.[5] It is often seen close to land, including bays with narrow openings. The shark follows plankton concentrations in the water column, so is often visible at the surface. It characteristically migrates with the seasons.[6] The basking shark is found from the surface down to at least 910 m (2,990 ft).[7]
Anatomy and appearance[edit]
The largest accurately measured specimen was trapped in a herring net in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, in 1851.[8] Its total length was 12.27 m (40.3 ft), and it weighed an estimated 19 t (19 long tons; 21 short tons).[9] Dubious reports from Norway mention three basking sharks over 12 m (39 ft), the largest at 13.7 m (45 ft), during 1884 to 1905,[10] these are dubious because few anywhere near that size have been caught in the area since. On average, the adult basking shark reaches a length of 6–8 m (20–26 ft) and weighs about 5.2 t (5.1 long tons; 5.7 short tons).[9] Some specimens still surpass 9–10 m (30–33 ft), but after years of large-scale fishing, specimens of this size have become rare.
They possess the typical shark lamniform body plan and have been mistaken for great white sharks.[11] The two species can be easily distinguished by the basking shark's cavernous jaw, up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in width, longer and more obvious gill slits that nearly encircle the head and are accompanied by well-developed gill rakers, smaller eyes, and smaller average girth. Great whites possess large, dagger-like teeth; basking shark teeth are much smaller 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) and hooked; only the first three or four rows of the upper jaw and six or seven rows of the lower jaw function. In behaviour, the great white is an active predator of large animals and not a filter feeder.
Other distinctive characteristics include a strongly keeled caudal peduncle, highly textured skin covered in placoid scales and a mucus layer, a pointed snout—distinctly hooked in younger specimens—and a lunate caudal fin.[12] In large individuals, the dorsal fin may flop to one side when above the surface. Colouration is highly variable (and likely dependent on observation conditions and the individual's condition): commonly, the colouring is dark brown to black or blue dorsally, fading to a dull white ventrally. The sharks are often noticeably scarred, possibly through encounters with lampreys or cookiecutter sharks. The basking shark's liver, which may account for 25% of its body weight, runs the entire length of the abdominal cavity and is thought to play a role in buoyancy regulation and long-term energy storage.
Life history[edit]
Basking sharks do not hibernate, and are active year-round.[13] In winter, basking sharks move to depths of 900 m (3,000 ft) to feed on deep-water plankton.
Satellite tagging confirmed basking sharks move thousands of kilometres during the winter, seeking plankton blooms. They shed and renew their gill rakers in an ongoing process, rather than over one short period.[7]
A 2009 study tagged 25 sharks off the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and indicated at least some migrate south in the winter. Remaining at depths between 200 and 1,000 metres (660 and 3,280 ft) for many weeks, the tagged sharks crossed the equator to reach Brazil. One individual spent a month near the mouth of the Amazon River. They may undertake this journey to aid reproduction.[7][14]
They are slow-moving sharks (feeding at about 2 kn (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph)) and do not evade approaching boats (unlike great white sharks). They are not attracted to chum.
Though the basking shark is large and slow, it can breach, jumping entirely out of the water.[15] This behaviour could be an attempt to dislodge parasites or commensals.[6] Such interpretations are speculative, however, and difficult to verify; breaching in large marine animals such as whales and sharks might equally well be intraspecific threat displays of size and strength.
Basking sharks are social animals and form sex-segregated schools, usually in small numbers (three or four), but reportedly up to 100 individuals.[6] Their social behaviour is thought to follow visual cues. Although the basking shark's eyes are small, they are fully developed. They may visually inspect boats, possibly mistaking them for other basking sharks.[16] Females are thought to seek shallow water to give birth.
Basking sharks have few predators. White sharks have been reported to scavenge on the remains of these sharks. Killer whales have been observed feeding on basking sharks off California and New Zealand. Lampreys are often seen attached to them, although they are unlikely to be able to cut through the shark's thick skin.
The basking shark is a passive feeder, filtering zooplankton, small fish, and invertebrates from up to 2,000 short tons (1,800 t) of water per hour.[3] They feed at or close to the surface with their mouths wide open and gill rakers erect. Unlike the megamouth shark and whale shark, the basking shark does not appear to actively seek quarry, but it does possess large olfactory bulbs that may guide it. It relies only on the water it pushes through its gills by swimming; the megamouth shark and whale shark can suck or pump water through their gills.[3]
Basking sharks are ovoviviparous: the developing embryos first rely on a yolk sac, with no placental connection. Their seemingly useless teeth may play a role before birth in helping them feed on the mother's unfertilized ova (a behaviour known as oophagy).[17] In females, only the right ovary appears to function.
Gestation is thought to span over a year (perhaps two to three years), with a small, though unknown, number of young born fully developed at 1.5–2 m (4 ft 11 in–6 ft 7 in). Only one pregnant female is known to have been caught; she was carrying six unborn young.[18] Mating is thought to occur in early summer and birthing in late summer, following the female's movement into shallow waters.
The age of maturity is thought to be between the ages of six and 13 and at a length of 4.6–6 m (15–20 ft). Breeding frequency is thought to be two to four years.
The exact lifespan of the basking shark is unknown, but experts estimate to be about 50 years.[19] [20]
Importance to humans[edit]
Historically, the basking shark has been a staple of fisheries because of its slow swimming speed, placid nature, and previously abundant numbers. Commercially, it was put to many uses: the flesh for food and fishmeal, the hide for leather, and its large liver (which has a high squalene content) for oil.[6] It is currently fished mainly for its fins (for shark fin soup). Parts (such as cartilage) are also used in traditional Chinese medicine and as an aphrodisiac in Japan, further adding to demand.
As a result of rapidly declining numbers, the basking shark has been protected in some territorial waters and trade in its products is restricted in many countries under CITES. It is fully protected in the UK, Malta, New Zealand,[21] Florida and USA Gulf, and since 2008, it is subject to a target fishing and landed bycatch ban within EU waters.[18] As of March 2010, it was also listed under Annex I of the CMS Migratory Sharks Memorandum of Understanding.[22]
Once considered a nuisance along the Canadian Pacific coast, basking sharks were the target of a government eradication programme from 1945 to 1970. As of 2008[update], efforts were under way to determine whether any sharks still lived in the area and monitor their potential recovery.[23]
It is tolerant of boats and divers approaching it, and may even circle divers, making it an important draw for dive tourism in areas where it is common.
Basking sharks and cryptozoology[edit]
On several occasions, "globster" corpses initially thought to be sea serpents or plesiosaurs have later been identified as likely to be the decomposing carcasses of basking sharks, as in the Stronsay beast and the Zuiyo-maru cases.[24]
See also[edit]
- ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Chondrichthyes entry)". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ Fowler (2005). "Cetorhinus maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ^ a b c C. Knickle, L. Billingsley & K. DiVittorio. "Biological Profiles basking shark". Florida Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-24.
- ^ Yarrell, William. (1836). A History of British Fishes. Volume II. John Van Voorst, London. p. 397.
- ^ "Simon Berrow: How do you save a shark you know nothing about?". www.ted.com. TED.com. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
- ^ a b c d Leonard J. V. Compagno (1984). Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- ^ a b c Skomal, Gregory B.; Zeeman, Stephen I.; Chisholm, John H.; Summers, Erin L.; Walsh, Harvey J.; McMahon, Kelton W.; Thorrold, Simon R. "Transequatorial Migrations by Basking Sharks in the Western Atlantic Ocean". Current Biology.
- ^ "Sharks in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick". Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ a b Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
- ^ Basking shark Cetorhinus maximus in Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder, Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, 1953, p. 28.
- ^ "Basking Shark". Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ "Basking shark". Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ Basking Shark
- ^ "Giant Shark Mystery Solved: Unexpected Hideout Found". News.nationalgeographic.com. 2010-10-28. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ Pelagic Shark Research Foundation. "PSRF Shark Image Library". PSRF. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- ^ Martin, R. Aidan. "A Curious Basker". SHARK-L. Archived from the original on 2004-10-20. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
- ^ "Martin, R. Aidan". "Biology of the Basking Shark(Cetorhinus maximus)". "ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research". Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
- ^ a b The Shark Trust. "Basking Shark Factsheet". The Shark Trust. Retrieved 2006-07-07.
- ^ Archipelagos Wildlife Library. "Basking Shark ( Cetorhinus maximus )". Archipelagos Wildlife Library. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- ^ Born Free Foundation. "Basking Shark Facts". Born Free Foundation. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
- ^ "Fishing (Reporting) Regulations 2001, Schedule 3, Part 2C Protected Fish Species". NZ Government.
- ^ Colonist, Times (2008-08-21). "B.C. scientists hunt for elusive shark". Canada.com. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ^ Kuban, Glen. "Sea-monster or Shark?: An Analysis of a Supposed Plesiosaur Carcass Netted in 1977".
- General references
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2005). "Cetorhinus maximus" in FishBase. 10 2005 version.
- "Cetorhinus maximus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 23 January 2006.
- David A Ebert, Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras of California, ISBN 0-520-23484-7
- Basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus MarineBio"
- Marine Conservation Society Basking shark page
- FAO Figis Species Fact Sheet for basking shark
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NEW YORK – Americans spent $1.23 billion on video games, hardware and accessories in April, up 47 percent from a year earlier, even as the price of more essential items like food and gasoline soared.
Nintendo Co. again took the crown in hardware sales, with its Wii console selling more units than Sony Corp.'s PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Corp.'s Xbox 360 combined, according to data from market researcher NPD Group, released late Thursday.
Software sales jumped 68 percent, fueled by "Grand Theft Auto IV" from Take-Two Interactive Software Inc., by far the month's top-selling game.
• Click here to visit FOXNews.com's Video Gaming Center.
Total hardware sales grew 26 percent to $426.2 million, with the Wii selling 714,200 units, followed by the handheld Nintendo DS at 414,800.
Except the Wii, which saw a small increase, sales of every gaming system declined from last month's figures. The Xbox 360, the PS3 and its predecessor, the PS2, each sold less than 200,000 units.
This was the first time in many months that sales of portable games and hardware declined, said NPD analyst Anita Frazier. But she noted that a calendar shift put Easter in March this year — compared to April last year — which could account for some of the decline.
Nintendo, meanwhile, continues to be "very pleased" with sales of the DS, whose audience is expanding, said Cammie Dunaway, executive vice president of sales and marketing at Nintendo of America.
Software sales surged to $654.7 million from $389.4 million in April a year ago, but still below what some analysts were expecting. Wedbush Morgan's Michael Pachter had estimated software sales of $830 million.
"Grand Theft Auto IV," which launched April 29, was the month's best-selling game. Take-Two previously announced that the title had sold more than 6 million units worldwide in its first week out.
In the U.S., GTA IV sold about 2.9 million units in April for the Xbox 360 and the PS3 the only two systems it is available for. Of this, nearly 1.9 million copies went to the Xbox.
Microsoft and Sony both expect the game, which follows gangster Niko Bellic on crime missions around a fictional Liberty City, to buoy sales of their consoles.
"May will probably give you a better read on (its) impact on hardware," said Aaron Greenberg, director of product management at Xbox 360 and Xbox Live.
Other top-selling games included Nintendo's "Mario Kart Wii," "Wii Play," "Wii Super Smash Bros. Brawl" and "Gran Turismo 5: Prologue" from Sony.


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Saviom will maintain your privacy.
Saviom will maintain your privacy.
Our Resource Planning and Scheduling Software increases employee output by improving resource scheduling efficiency and empowering management teams to make informed planning decisions. Planning issues are seen immediately and staff are efficiently utilized.
Our planning software solves the following problems encountered by Project Managers, Resources Managers, Global managers and resource schedulers worldwide:
SAVIOM provides a highly sophisticated visual scheduler that provides multi-dimensional viewing capabilities where you can view/edit your schedule by resource, project, team, location and several other sort-by criteria. Find out more...
SAVIOM lets you easily move and reallocate your staff or project work, allowing you to create a flexible work schedule.These are the following highlights:
SAVIOM provides highly configurable resource profiling and filtering capabilities, aiding you during your selection of the appropriate resource for your project. You can filter by availability, location, skills, roles, qualifications and any other business criteria. Find out more...
SAVIOM provides security/role based information along with graphs to visualize activities and staff utilisation at different levels through different business dimensions.
SAVIOM accounts for planned and unplanned work demand which is determined by both current and pipeline projects. This helps in:
SAVIOM resource planning and scheduling software provides highly configurable real-time executive and management reporting capabilities. This contains slice/dice facilities with drill downs, configurable filtering and ad hoc reporting. SAVIOM provides the following:
SAVIOM is designed to meet the expectations of businesses with diversified needs- catering for companies from different industries with varying sizes and roles within the organisation. This is achieved with our component based architecture where an organisation can pick and choose functionalities as per their needs- giving businesses a tailor-made system.
SAVIOM provides a generic, collaborative framework which integrates our software seamlessly with your existing business systems (which can either be an industry standard or home-grown system). It provides a two-way data collaboration facility so that you can maintain a single source of truth across the enterprise. Data exchange with SAVIOM can either be done in real-time or in an hourly, daily or weekly frequency.


text:
María Corina Machado
Born Oct 7, 1967
News + Updates
Browse recent news and stories about María Corina Machado.
Jenise Aminoff On Kickstarter, Writing, And Getting Her Novel PublishedHuffington Post - 2 days ago
In Venezuela, The Opposition Is On The Right Side Of HistoryHuffington Post - Dec 21, 2015
In Venezuela, The Opposition Is On The Right Side Of HistoryHuffington Post - Dec 21, 2015
What Next For Venezuela?Huffington Post - Dec 10, 2015
Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of María Corina Machado.
1967 Birth Machado was born 7 October 1967 as the "eldest of four daughters of a steel entrepreneur and an accomplished psychologist". … Read More
1992 25 Years Old In 1992 Machado - the mother of three - started Fundación Atenea (Atenea Foundation), a foundation using private donations to care for orphaned and delinquent Caracas street children; she also served as chair of the Oportunitas Foundation.
1993 26 Years Old After working in the auto industry in Valencia she moved in 1993 to Caracas. … Read More
2001 34 Years Old According to The Washington Post, the founding of Venezuelan volunteer civil organization Súmate resulted from a hurried encounter between Machado and Alejandro Plaz in a hotel lobby in 2001, where they shared their concern about the course that was being shaped for Venezuela. … Read More
2004 37 Years Old In 2004, Súmate led a petition drive for a constitutional presidential recall of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. … Read More
2005 38 Years Old 4 More Events
The Wall Street Journal in 2005 said Machado faced conspiracy charge stemming from the $31,000 grant from the NED for "non-partisan educational work".
2010 43 Years Old 3 More Events
In February 2010, Machado resigned from Súmate and announced her candidacy for the September 2010 elections for the National Assembly of Venezuela; she was elected as the highest vote-getter in the national elections.
2011 44 Years Old In 2011, Machado announced the launch of her pre-candidacy for the 2012 presidential primary elections. … Read More
2012 45 Years Old 1 More Event
Even President Hugo Chávez has spoken of confronting her in the 2012 presidential elections."
Original Authors of this text are noted on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/María_Corina_Machado.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
Text is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.


text:
"You're The Sugar To my Tea" - A sweet Scandinavian style print poster with retro, mid century feel. This teapot Illustration, in orange and light blue, is in love and you will be too.
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Show and tell for designers
What are you working on? Dribbble is a community of designers sharing screenshots of their work, process, and projects.
Copyright © 2009–2016 Dribbble LLC. All screenshots © their respective owners. Shipped from Salem, Mass. USA.


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The mission of the Summer Camp program is to offer a quality, safe, inclusive, and affordable summer experience for Palm Beach County families. We provide lasting memories, imaginative play, and exposure to lifelong leisure activities that encourage campers to develop to their full potential. We offer a simple and equitable registration process, information about daily camp activities, and family-friendly customer service through available and well-trained staff.
Summer Camp fliers will be mailed in February. Information is available on this site using the links in the directory on the left side of this page. Contact Summer Camp with Questions
The Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department is an equal opportunity agency and will neither exclude nor discriminate with regard to services, programs, and activities regardless of race, color, religion, disability, sex, age, national origin, ancestry, marital status, familial status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression.


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Jay Leno, Jimmy Fallon duet about 'Tonight' show feud
NBC may have turned "The Tonight Show" into a battleground, but the principals - current host Jay Leno and rumored future host Jimmy Fallon - remain fast friends, if this duet that appeared Monday night on "Late Night With Jimmy Fallon" is any indication.
Ex-Milwaukeean finds rich culture for TV documentary in Big Easy
I never found the soul of New Orleans. I ate great food and saw the great Kermit Ruffins at the Blue Nile.
But I didn't ever not feel like a tourist. WWE fans clogged the streets, and our hotel concierge told us it was the busiest the city has been since the Super Bowl. When we walked in with a couple of six packs, he said, you can't bring beer in here. And then he laughed: Of course you can — it's New Orleans. »Read Full Article


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My first experience with Quincy came back on October 11, 2010 when Real Madrid was playing Malaga CF. I watch as many Real games as I can. I marvel at the talent on that team. While Ronaldo is a once-in-a-lifetime type player, guys like Angel Di Maria and Mesut Ozil are really world-class players as well.
As I'm watching Real beat up on Malaga 4-1, I notice this guy on Malaga just outclassing the Real defenders. This was my introduction to Quincy Owusu-Abeyie.
Turns out, he was born and raised in the Netherlands but his parents are from Ghana whom he chose to represent at the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations.
He was a member of the Ajax Youth Academy from age 7-16 when he was released for "attitude problems". Liam Brady, the head of Arsenal's youth development, spotted him and gave him a chance with Arsenal which ended up working out. In 2002-2003, he scored 17 goals in 20 games for the Under-17 side. He signed his first professional contract with Arsenal on his 18th birthday.
Like most talented young players who go to Arsenal, he had a difficult time regularly cracking the first team with the likes of Thierry Henry ahead of him. When Arsenal went on to acquire Emmanuel Adebayor and Theo Walcott during the January 2006 transfer window, he decided to move on to Sparktak Moskow for the remainder of the season.
The following season he joined Celta de Vigo in the Segunda Division of Spanish football. He missed several weeks of the season however on duty with Ghana in the Africa Cup of Nations which ultimately hurt his role with the team. He then went on a 6 month loan to Birmingham City (initially expected to be a season long loan) which was not renewed in January (due to financial constraints).
He actually had a tryout with Spurs in January 2009 but ended up signing with Cardiff City. They didn't play him much and he ended up back with Moscow.
In January 2010, he signed with Portsmouth and made a strong impression in their FA Cup run. Spartak however paid half of the the loan fee to terminate the loan agreement with Portsmouth early and he signed a 3-year contract with the Qatari club Al-Saad. He then signed for Malaga on loan for all of this season.
This guy has massive ability, and for one reason or another has bounced around a bit. He's still only 24 and anyone who came up through Ajax has the talent, there's no question there. This video proves the point I think. I think he and Defoe would be fantastic up front. He's also a winger so he could fill in for Lennon and Bale on days when they need rest.
Ideally, I think we need to sign someone young, with upside. How often do you get a crack at a guy that came up with Ajax, and had a spell at Arsenal (who is known for identifying young talent)? His flexibility as both a forward to pair in the 4-4-2 with Defoe or out on the wing would be an asset as well.


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The PSP Vita hasn't been officially launched yet and Nintendo already slashes the price of the 3DS in less than 5 months of its release, so everybody is asking... what does it mean?
Nintendo has always been challenged on the handheld market and despite that its hardware was always inferior to its competitors, Nintendo would always triumph but the direction that the 3DS is going now... It doesn't look good for the Big N.
The 3DS has been plagued with problems like the battery dies out too quickly, the 3D effect is not that good, and great games like Resident Evil, Zelda, Metal Gear and more that are supposed to be stellar games are getting negative reviews. It's like the N64 all over again.
So why isn't the 3DS as successful as its predecessors? Maybe the people weren't too satisfied with the new features like the analog stick, upgraded graphics and 3D features, maybe they were sick and tired of Nintendo releasing different versions of the DS (DS, DS Lite, DSi, DSXL) and thinks that it will be the same with the 3DS, maybe they are waiting for a newer version of the 3DS, or maybe they are more interested with the PSP Vita.
Nintendo has been knocked off the top spot before by Sony so will Sony be able to do it again by dethroning Nintendo as king of the handhelds? We'll just have to wait and see!


text:
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- Business
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- Features
- Interview
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American credit card giant Visa Inc. held a conference in Naypyidaw on Tuesday to announce their intention to introduce Visa cards in Burma, Forbes reports. Visa discussed how the national payment network Myanmar Payment Union—a network of 17 banks that was set up early last year—and the upcoming expansion of mobile-phone services might be used to roll out its financial services. About 200 participants, including a Myanmar Central Bank deputy governor and officials from the ministries of finance, communications and tourism, attended the conference.
For the wish of joining the "Advanced World" Burmese will become slaves As the borrower is the slave of the lender.
Nothing will enslave a person or people or a country like DEBT.


text:
|Home, Random, Art Game, Advanced, Extras, Rules, About.
|Sets: Eldritch Moon, Shadows over Innistrad, Magic Origins, Take the Crown (new) > All Sets
|← Retaliate
|Fifth Dawn
|Skyhunter Prowler →
Roar of Reclamation
Sorcery, 5WW (7)
Each player returns all artifact cards from his or her graveyard to the battlefield.
"Yesterday's relics will determine the outcome of tomorrow's war."
Illus. Justin Sweet
Gatherer Card Rulings?, Legality?
#14 (Justin Sweet)
Fifth Dawn (Rare)
Rückforderndes Brüllen
Rugissement de défrichement
Ruggito della Rivendicazione
Rugido de reclamo
Rugido de Recuperação
all prints in all languages
Rules Questions / Links
View All Prices for Roar of Reclamation
View Decks with Roar of Reclamation
Crystal Keep Rulings Summaries
Cranial Insertion (MTG Salvation)
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Non-Foil · Foil · MTGO
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[ +1 ] [ +2 ] [ +3 ] [ +4 ] · View · Clear
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text:
Dave Lieberman Working with the Chicago Botanic Gardens?
The former Food Network star is moving on to a new PBS show.By Nick Kindelsperger
The former Food Network star is moving on to a new PBS show.By Nick Kindelsperger
"I thought there'd be more food there, but there wasn't. I filled up on Chateauneuf du Pape in place of food."By Helen Rosner
The joys of rotting meat, as explained by Robert's Steakhouse chef Adam Perry Lang. [Diner's Journal/NYT] Tony Bourdain was captured on video at the South Beach Wine & Food Festival talking shit about Food Network personalities to a crowd. [Snack] ... And late yesterday, laid into Chodorow using Bruni's Robert's Steakhouse review as a pretext: "One might ask if it's ever a good idea anyway to spend 40,000 bucks reminding the public that the New York Times think you suck." [Rulhman]


text:
Please enter a valid mileage
Based on 1240 Ratings for the 2004 - 2009 models.Review this car
By Jayhawk on Thursday, August 21, 2014
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 94,000overall rating 9 of 10rating details
Pros: "Fun to drive, good MPG, good A/C, decent stereo"
Cons: "Little room in the rear seat, no mp3 player, noisy"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 10
"I bought this car used with 92000 miles on the odometer. I don't drive that much but I think I know enough now to write a review. I have a Mazda3 i version with a manual transmission. First of all, it's fun to drive. I find myself looking for reasons to hop into this car and go somewhere. The manual tranny adds to the fun, I guess. Shifting gears is smooth and clean. Sometimes I have a little trouble engaging the reverse gear but nothing major. I have been told the clutch is worn so maybe I'll have to replace it soon. The ride is firm but not unpleasant. It certainly feels like a sporty little car. Mine doesn't have anti-lock brakes so I have to be careful :) Fuel economy is good - I average about 27 mpg mostly around town with occasional highway driving. I fill it up once every couple of weeks and one fill-up is about 35 dollars. The car accelerates well but you have to keep the engine in the 3000-4000 rpm range. It's a little sluggish around 2000 rpm. Steering is precise and the car handles great. A/c works great in hot Texas summer weather. The stereo sounds good but there is no mp3 decoder. However, there is an AUX jack so I can use my portable mp3 player. The car is a little too noisy for my liking, especially at high speeds. On a highway in 5th gear (top gear), the engine revs around 3000-3200 rpm. Noise dampening is not good. But I forgive these little transgressions given that it's fun to drive and the stereo sounds good. The trunk is big enough but the rear seat is not good for tall people. The front seats are very comfy if you add lumbar support. I am 6'4" and I find space in the driver's seat more than adequate. The interior is black cloth and looks very classy - much better than what I saw in Corollas and Civics of the same age. I cannot comment on reliability since I have not fixed anything yet. I should probably replace the clutch and struts soon but they are most likely original so they have lasted 94000 miles and are still OK."
5 people out of 5 found this review helpful
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By Charlevoix on Tuesday, March 25, 2014
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 110,000overall rating 10 of 10rating details
Pros: "good value, fun to drive, no problems"
Cons: "gas mileage not quite what I hoped for - 28 mpg"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 10
"This is my third Mazda and I have always been very happy with them. Only one service issue in 5 years. This car is very dependable, fun to drive, easy to keep. And it seems to be holding it's value. I would buy Mazda's over and over again."
5 people out of 5 found this review helpful
Was this review helpful to you? yes | no | report abuse
By asiandude8638 on Thursday, April 25, 2013
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 116,750overall rating 8 of 10rating details
Pros: "great value, fun to drive, fast little car"
Cons: "a tad bit small and under-powered"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 8
"I bought my 06 Mazda 3 2.3 hatchback about 2 years ago only because of the amazing deal I got on it. At the time I bought it I paid 5k for a car that blue booked at almost 10k so hence why I couldn't pass up this deal. It only had just under 72k miles on it which was another good thing as well. When I first bought it I was very skeptical about the car cause I am normally a GM vehicle type of guy and really don't care for foregin cars too much. But now that I have been driving it for the last few years I must say that this car is an amazibng fun little car. I have driven it all over the place and put on just over 45k miles and havent really had too much of replacing to do to the vehicle besides the usual things like new tires and transmission/oil changes. Overall I must say that this car has treated me well and am very happy with it!!"
5 people out of 5 found this review helpful
Was this review helpful to you? yes | no | report abuse
By paulb on Friday, April 13, 2012
I own this car - My approximate mileage is 54,000overall rating 9 of 10rating details
Pros: "Speed, handling, styling, space"
Cons: "Road noise, dodgy factory tires"
Likely to recommend this car? (1-10): 8
"The 2004 Sleek Black Beauty was my first new car, at age 39, bought after careful consideration and a prominent consumer reporting agency's glowing recommendation. My 3 is still speedy and fun to drive. No maintenance beyond oil changes and a new battery last year. I like that I can fit my road bike in the back. It's an excellent blend of style, economy and practicality. The stock tires were worthless in anything but dry conditions. Road noise is pronounced, especially if you like driving with the windows down, as normal people do."
5 people out of 5 found this review helpful
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By Mazda 3 Driver on Sunday, October 14, 2007
overall rating 10 of 10rating details
"I bought a 2006 Mazda 3 hatchback in June, 2006, and couldn't be happier more than a year later. Even with every option in the Grand Touring edition, including navigation, the car cost less than 25k--what a steal! And you get so much more in this vehicle than in comparably priced cars. It is zippy, handles exceptionally well, and has a great sound system and outstanding interior design features. I am not getting the mileage other drivers are reporting--the best I get is 26-27mpg and I do almost entirely freeway driving (although often in traffic)--but I still think the fuel economy is good. The only additional bell and whistle I would like are power seats which I do not think were available in the 2006. I also strongly prefer a soft trunk cover to the hard shell tonneau that comes with this vehicle. It is difficult to take in and out and to store so you really have to plan ahead if you think you'll need the full rear space. On the plus side, when it isn't there and the back seats are flat, you'll be amazed at how much fits in this car! My two huge dogs and luggage easily fit for a weekend escape. Our other car is a Lexus RX, but we always drive the Mazda if we're going somewhere together. They aren't kidding about the zoom-zoom. This car is way more fun to drive than the Lexus."
5 people out of 5 found this review helpful
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text: German Folk Songs Vol.2 German Folk Songs Vol.2 Brass Ensemble 2 Trumpets, Horn (Trombone), Trombone, TubaArranged by Wusthoff. Collection. Score and parts. Lyrics included for singing along. Heinrichshofen Verlag #N3790. Published by Heinrichshofen Verlag (PE.N03790). Usually leaves our warehouse: Within 1 to 2 weeks More info Add to Cart { "catalogRefId":"954980", "productId":"prod954980", "quantity":"1" }


text:
Our location guide for Bodø provides some basic essentials for the more adventurous visitor. A simple location map is provided but also a detailed topography map that shows the location of the nearest places where you can surf, ski or mountain climb (if they are close by). Of course some of these will be at long distances from Bodø and those far flung spots are provided on the 'nearest' tables. If you are traveling to other cities or towns near Bodø you will also find weather forecasts for those locations below.
|Other places close to Bodø:
|Place Name
|1–3 Day Summary
|4–6 Day Summary
|7–9 Day Summary
321 km
|Heavy rain (total 101mm), heaviest during Fri night
|Light rain (total 7mm), mostly falling on Sun night
|Some drizzle, heaviest during Thu night
394 km
|Moderate rain (total 19mm), heaviest on Thu night
|Mostly dry
|Mostly dry
409 km
|Light rain (total 8mm), mostly falling on Thu night
|Mostly dry
|Mostly dry
450 km
|Heavy rain (total 37mm), heaviest during Thu night
|Mostly dry
|Mostly dry
458 km
|Light rain (total 9mm), mostly falling on Thu night
|Mostly dry
|Mostly dry
Outdoor Activities near Bodø
If you are in Bodø and would like to go mountain climbing, hiking, skiing or surfing, click below for detailed forecasts.
Tide times close to Bodø:
|Closest tide times1
|Bodo (Norway)
|1 km SW
|Second closest tide times2
|Fauske (Norway)
|43 km E
Ski Resorts close to Bodø:
|Closest ski resort1
|Hemavan and Tarnaby (Sweden)
|179 km SSE
|Second closest ski resort2
|Tarnaby (Sweden)
|179 km SSE
|Third closest ski resort3
|Narvik (Norway)
|182 km NE
|Fourth closest ski resort4
|Riksgransen (Sweden)
|201 km NE
|Fifth closest ski resort5
|Bjorkliden (Sweden)
|218 km NE
Mountains close to Bodø:
|Closest mountain peak1
|Olfjellet (Norway)
|66 km SE
|Second closest mountain peak2
|Blokktinden (Norway)
|82 km S
|Third closest mountain peak3
|Bolna, Rana (Norway)
|84 km SSE
|Fourth closest mountain peak4
|Sulitjelma (Norway)
|91 km ESE
|Fifth closest mountain peak5
|Hermannsdalstinden (Norway)
|96 km WNW
Surf Beaches close to Bodø:
|Closest surf break1
|Seines (Norway)
|9 km S
|Second closest surf break2
|Monumentet (Norway)
|50 km SSW
The above topographic map of Bodø and the surrounding area has been derived from satellite mapping. The topographic data has been illuminated by a light source corresponding to the position of the sun at mid afternoon in summer. Major roads, railways rivers and other water features are derived from global GIS data.


text:
Tagged: Cash on Delivery, COD, gateways, woo commerce payment options
I'm almost done with the site im making, and Im trying woo commerce for the first time.
The COD option for the payment gateway is listed, but it is not active (as indicated by the un-lit check mark). How can I make this option work for me, since it is am option that I will be needing too.
Hope you can help me ASAP.
Thanks in advance.
Hi again,
Silly me… I found the link on the top of the gateway settings tab that would enable it.
Anyway, I would just like to ask if woo commerce plugin is already "active" in the sense that I dont need to purchase or pay anything in woo commerce to make it work? I did a test purchase from the store i created, but I didn't get an email response about the purchase. I'm still tinkering with the settings, but that makes me think that maybe, it is still not "activated".
Thanks again.
The topic 'Cash on Delivery (COD) option– How to get it to work?' is closed to new replies.


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Resource: Download the USA Weather Chart – showing Texas has the most severe weather in the country – with exposure to nine different types of natural disasters – the most among any state in the country.
Texas has the most severe weather in the country. In fact, Texas has exposure to nine different types of natural disasters – the most among any state in the country. Texas insurers continue to prepare for unpredictable weather losses. During "good weather" years with fewer claims, insurers reserve consumer premiums to prepare for future catastrophes. What some see as "profits" can be quickly wiped out, and the state's entire insurance system destabilized.
Homeowners insurance is a difficult business throughout the United States. In the past few years, headlines have been filled with a long string of disasters that have resulted in billions of dollars in paid insurance claims. Unfortunately, Texas has been the location of a large number of these catastrophic events.
However, although Texas has been subject to some of the biggest catastrophes to hit the United States in recent years, severity is only part of the story. Texas disasters come from a wide variety of events with a sad frequency. In a recent study conducted jointly by Kiplinger.com and Verisk Analytics, the authors observed that, unlike other high loss states such as Louisiana and Florida, Texas losses were largely "due to common thunderstorms and tornados, with the state enduring major wildfire loss, one tropical storm, four hurricanes, seven winter storms, and 53 severe weather incidents during the ten year study period.
Insurance costs are driven not only by weather, but also by the intersection of damaging events and insured value. Unfortunately, much of the severe weather risk in Texas is located over high population and construction concentrations. From the Panhandle to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, down the I-35 corridor or down! -45 to Houston, Galveston, and the coastal bend, Texas is built largely under severe weather risk.
The occurrence of frequent weather disasters over population centers creates a high level of both claims frequency and severity in our state. To put the values into perspective, Illinois, the tenth state on Kiplinger's top ten list of disaster loss states, had weather disaster losses of $4.9 billion over the past decade. Texas suffered in excess of $1 billion of loss from a single afternoon hailstorm on June 13, 2012, more than 20% of Illinois' ten-year total. And this storm is only the latest in a series of major weather losses suffered from McAllen to our northern borders that had already cost hundreds of millions of dollars, with the major part of wildfire, hurricane, and winter storm season still ahead of us.


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About dadof2 : name says it wife kids work play what else is there really
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Twin Atlantic
Twin Atlantic
Performing: Twin Atlantic
What people are saying about Twin Atlantic
Rated 5 out of 5 by Topcat1878 from Fantastic intimate gig I attended this venue with my wife to see one of her favourite bands and was amazed to see how tiny the venue was but how great the acoustics were. Had a fantastic night and will definitely return to this venue again
Date published: 2016-07-10
Rated 5 out of 5 by GG101 from Best TA gig I've been to in years!!! It was all about the music and the lads were on fire- their show felt genuine, honest and electric. An epic night with a fantastic atmosphere. It was everything and more!
Date published: 2016-07-13
Rated 5 out of 5 by Adam W from BEST. SHOW. EVER! The energy of the guys on stage was amazing. I screamed lyrics until I was hoarse and a hot redhead high-fived me at the end of the show. Amazing.
Date published: 2016-07-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by Angel79 from It was amazing !! It was great night, brilliant crowd and venue and the music was amazing!!!
Date published: 2016-07-11


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Soaring costs see 68,000 a year swap London for the Home Counties
Popular commuter villages in Kent, Surrey, Hertfordshire, Essex and Hampshire are the top destinations of those leaving the capital in search for good-value homes and more space, according to data from the Office for National Statistics.
Victim shot dead at 'swingers party' named as Ricardo Hunter, 34
The man shot dead at a "swingers party" in a sleepy Surrey village has been identified as 34-year-old Ricardo Hunter.
Caterham sex attack: Hunt for suspect after woman assaulted at station
Helicopter crash pilot made 'unsafe' decision to fly in bad weather
Somerset plane crash: Victims confirmed as family-of-four from Surrey
Female motorcyclist dies after Surrey crash


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Chris Williams currently lives in Cedar Park, TX. After years of traveling throughout the United States and several countries with her husbands baseball career, she and her family settled back in the state she grew up in, Wisconsin, for a fifteen year stretch. After the excitement of the professional baseball life came to an end,she went back to school and earned her Bachelors Degree in Interpersonal Communications and her Masters Degree in Business Administration, both while continuing to raise three children. She works in the financial industry as well as spending her time pursuing her greatest passion of writing and speaking to youth about making the right choices. Like every person, she has faced circumstances out of her control throughout her life. Beginning with a move to a new city in her teenage years, to an unplanned pregnancy at age 17, she grew up quickly to the reality of making life changing decisions and the consequences of the choices we make. She hopes that by sharing some of those moments someone may see how faith, hope and love provide all the answers
Sound of Silence
A Choice That Matters
by Chris Williams
Published Mar 09, 2012
177 Pages
Genre: JUVENILE NONFICTION / Social Issues / Pregnancy
Book Details
- A Choice that Matters
- Every person has moments in life that turn everything upside down. Many times those moments force us to face things on our own; alone. The solitude can overwhelm us and create an internal void that is difficult to overcome. Or we can rise to the challenge of our circumstance and fight. I am no different from anyone else. I have seen my share of difficult situations; times when life threw curve balls that I wasn't expecting. In dealing with those times, I found myself alone, wanting answers, wanting someone, ANYONE, to come pull me through. But so many times all I heard was a deafening silence. Over and over...until I figured out how to listen. This is my story. It chronicles the circumstances that led to an unplanned teenage pregnancy and the emotional decision making that went along with that. It shows the struggle that goes through the mind of a teenager faced with growing up before their time, and the wisdom gained when realizing the magnitude of those decisions. This book reveals what it's like to come to that painful moment when we realize sometimes we cannot always do things in our own strength, but need to rely on something bigger than ourselves. While the details may be different, it could be your story too. Allow me to share the growing pains of my adolescent years and maybe, as you walk with me through them, you will find something that perhaps answers your own inner questions. And maybe, as you observe the many errors I chose to make, you will understand that things really can be turned around for the best, if you listen...be still...and hear the message in Silence that will help you make choices that matter.


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Remember that Walden's Title IV Code is 025042.
Call us now toll-free on1-866-492-5336 or
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Call us now using these toll-free numbers or visit our International Students area.
If you are a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident, you might be eligible to receive federal financial aid, which can help you fund your higher education. Walden University is certified by the U.S. Department of Education to participate in a variety of grant and loan programs available to U.S. citizens.
Read important federal financial aid changes for 2015–2016.
The following are the federal loans and grant programs administered by Walden University's Office of Financial Aid:
New and current students must meet eligibility requirements to receive and maintain federal student aid.
Awards are processed on a rolling basis. You are strongly encouraged to begin the application process at least four weeks prior to the start date of your program or renewal date of your existing loan. Your completed financial aid application, which includes all documents required for awarding and disbursing funds, is required 30 days prior to the end of the term in order for funds to be processed for that term. You must also maintain all federal aid eligibility requirements for the entire term.
Applications will be accepted in the last 30 days of the term, but the Office of Financial Aid cannot be held responsible if funds are not available for disbursement for the term. Delays can occur that are outside of the control of the Office of Financial Aid.
Do you have questions about financial aid? If you haven't yet applied to Walden, please contact an enrollment advisor at 1-866-492-5336 in the United States. If you are a current student, please contact a financial aid advisor at email@example.com or call 1-800-WALDENU (1-800-925-3368).
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Learn about the many funding options available to new and current students.
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Money saving is all what you need while you are traveling abroad. It is because when you have to travel to various destinations and visit various spots and places, you will need to figure out the approximate amount of budget that you will need to have a comfortable as well as a fruitful tour to the required destination. Though travel gurus are aware of various tips and tricks that are best to be used when you have to save as well as enjoy a luxury travel to your dream destinations. Tourists or travelers who are travelling from Australia to America, Asia or Europe always are looking for best travel packages, deals and offers that can help them save some extra money when they are on their way to enjoy the most exciting places. For example, you may want to book cheap flights to London, cheap flights to New York, or cheap flights to Hong Kong as well as cheap flights to Paris when you are going to fly from Perth or Melbourne. It is because if you go for regular flights, you will need to spend a lot of money and may not be able to decide on a better cost, if you haven't done it earlier.
So, it is always better to have a pre-plan before you start your tour. Here are a few things you can do to save money for your next flight abroad:
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Toshiba recommends Windows.
Technical Support (Computers)
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800-705-2397 email@example.com
I have a 4 year old LCD TV. When I got home Monday, a red light was blinking in a 3 blink pattern. The manual says that it's rebooting, but it's been shouldn't take this long. I've tried unplugging it for around 6 hours but that didn't seem to help. Is there anything I can do or must I have a repair tech fix it?
02-21-2011 06:25 PM - edited 02-21-2011 06:28 PM
Same problem just occured with my set. Toshiba says to take it into a shop. i've tried plugging and unplugging all weekend. No luck.
flycherokee wrote:
I have a 4 year old LCD TV. When I got home Monday, a red light was blinking in a 3 blink pattern. The manual says that it's rebooting, but it's been shouldn't take this long. I've tried unplugging it for around 6 hours but that didn't seem to help. Is there anything I can do or must I have a repair tech fix it?
I have same problem with 42HL196 and also 4 years old. Mine happened last night while we were watching it - it made a snap or pop sound and picture went blank with red timer rec light flashing 3 times with a pause and repeats. I've searched online, we aren't the only ones. Called one service they want $150.00 just to look at it not parts and labor. High price for a 4 year old TV, really expected it to last more than 4 years. Help!
FYI, it is the flashing light of death. It is almost as much to fix this as it is to buy a new TV. I hope to have better luck with another brand. Too bad...
necye wrote:
flycherokee wrote:
I have a 4 year old LCD TV. When I got home Monday, a red light was blinking in a 3 blink pattern. The manual says that it's rebooting, but it's been shouldn't take this long. I've tried unplugging it for around 6 hours but that didn't seem to help. Is there anything I can do or must I have a repair tech fix it?
I have same problem with 42HL196 and also 4 years old. Mine happened last night while we were watching it - it made a snap or pop sound and picture went blank with red timer rec light flashing 3 times with a pause and repeats. I've searched online, we aren't the only ones. Called one service they want $150.00 just to look at it not parts and labor. High price for a 4 year old TV, really expected it to last more than 4 years. Help!
Why has this not been recalled?
We have a 4yr old 42lx196 it also has a blinking red light after it made a snap shortly after the on button was pushed.
they claim it is 450$ to repair it at a toshiba dealer but it appears there is a known problem here has anyone had luck getting answers on this?
3 blinks 42hl196 . main power supply failure . replace strw6765 switch mode regulater standby main power.
replace strw6765 in main power brd.
i replaced strw6765 and still red light flashing on my Toshiba TV Model 42HL196, What should i do now?
02-02-2012 08:02 AM - edited 02-02-2012 08:04 AM
sorry, my mistake, I had issue with my sodering, now it's working...replacing strw6765 is correct.
thank you
Thanks for sharing the story. i have exactly same issue with my TV with same model and try to follow your fix. Where is the main power board? Do i have to completely remove the backcover of the TV?
Mine failed with the flashing red light too. It sort of popped and then the picture went out, followed by the flashing red light. I tried disconnecting form power for a few minutes, then reconnected. When I plugged it back in, it clicks a few times and then flashes red. This TV is barely 5 years old and was not heavily used. I'm disappointed.
If you google a bit, this seems to be a pretty common problem for this model. This post has some good information about what the issue might be for some of us with the problem. I'm going to replace board 75002913 as suggested and see if I can bring it back to life. I found the part on ebay for $100 (refurb/core swap.) It's hard to justify spending much more than that to try and repair it considering the price of new TVs today.
My next TV will not be a Toshiba.
Why waste $100 on a whole board. I spent $9 including shipping and about 2 hours time taking apart replacing STR-W6765 and it fixed the problem. Thank you for the fix!!! =)
Seems like alot of us have had this problem. Has anyone had it recently? What happened to TVs lasting 20 years?
Well, time for me to get a new TV. Never been very happy with this one anyway. No Toshiba for me.
Red light "timer Rec" light flashes and TV picture will not come on. i do get sound.
Just got a 42HL196 for $50 exhibiting this issue. It stopped turning ON suddenly after about 6 years of use, displaying the dreaded flashing red light. The owner told me there was no noise or smell when it died but that info was third-hand. I noticed the TV powered up OK for a few minutes after sitting unplugged for several days. While running, some DC voltages were a bit low and Q880's heatsink was getting alarmingly hot, but this still means no fuses blown and all of the semi's are working so I won't be replacing any just yet.
On visual inspection, the capacitors on the power board looked OK so I had to investigate deeper before deciding if the repair kit of the usual suspects (Q880, Q820, Q860) was needed. Looking at the schematic, the overvoltage protection circuit shuts down the main supplies when either the 24V backlight or the 12V main DC supplies exceed certain maximum levels, leaving only the standby supply powering the maintenance circuit that flashes the red front panel lamp. When caps go bad, the pulsed power generated in switching power supplies cannot be smoothed the way it was designed to, resulting in voltage peaks well above the intended level. I suspected the secondary filtering capacitors had dried out and were allowing either or both of the DC voltages to jump up and trip the protection circuit. This matches the symptom that as the set AC cord is plugged in, the 12 DC power briefly appears on the first audible relay click, then disappears at the second click that immediately follows. The 12V is supposed to remain ON for the Seine board since this TV receives TV Guide information while turned OFF.
To verify this theory, I soldered around 50uF of ceramic capacitors on three rails; 24V, 12V, and 20V. These were soldered on the backside of the power board in parallel with capacitors C872, C873, C888, C889, C890, C895, and C896. When plugged in, the 12V remained present after the second relay click, and the TV turns on and works normally. It appears the problem is bad capacitors and I'll be replacing those shortly. I may also beef up the heatsink on Q880 as it appears to get quite hot. From the schematic, this poor little guy has to deliver 80Watts of power, and it may be a design oversight that it is installed on such a small heatsink. This could explain why this device commonly fails in these sets, given that it runs constantly as long as the set is plugged in.
For those owners that have simply replaced Q880 to get the TV working again, I caution that semis rarely fail on their own like that, and the device may have been destroyed by failing filter caps. Coupled with the fact that it appears to be inadequately heatsinked, the new device may fail within a year or two. Those owners that have replaced the device but still have the flashing red light, check the presence of 12V when the set is plugged in. If it is not there and the signal labeled POWER is at 2.5-3V, this is a good candidate for bad capacitors and I suggest replacing the seven capacitors identified earlier. Make sure you replace them with caps that are life rated 5000-10000hours @105C. Also pick the highest ripple current rating available. All positions can tolerate capacitors that are up to 35mm tall if you can find taller ones with good ripple current ratings (3Amps or higher), just be sure they are no more than 12mm diameter except C895 and C896 which are 10mm diameter.
Just following up; add my voice to the many who have found that replacing Q880 (STRW6765) had fixed their TVs. Although replaced capacitors did relieve enough electrical stress to permit the original device to start working, it must have already been crippled from prolonged exposure to overheating and degrading capacitors. After about 2 weeks of use, the TV stopped working with the flashing red LED again. It died when I re-plugged in the AC after re-arranging some power cords. As I plugged it in, it made a different relay click sound, this time, one click followed by two closely spaced clicks. While the TV was working, the second click was a single sound. Turns out that third click is the sound of the main power relay opening up as Q880 shuts itself down.
Some measurements and scope tracings told me that everything but Q880 was operating, so I ordered a pair of STRW6765s' from KP Components Inc. (Canada). The original Q880 had practically heat-bonded its plastic case to the heatsink; not a good sign and surprizing it lasted as long as it had. During replacement, I removed Q880's heatsink entirely from the power board and bolted on two chunks of a small heatsink I had modified to fit. I haven't measured the temperature but I figure they should make at least a 10-15C degree difference, which may be enough to pull the device away from the brink of long term thermal over-stress.
With the new device and heatsink re-installed, the TV once again powers up and works normally. A quick temperature probing by touch revealed that the new Q880 on the modified heatsink gets fairly warm but not as blazing hot as before. Hopefully I won't need to use the second device but its always a good idea to buy more than one if they are cheap ($6 wasn't too bad). CAUTION: DO NOT touch any of the the heatsinks on the power board if you are not using an isolation transformer. They are all connected to the live side common (-) which is NOT ISOLATED from the AC cord.
Thanks for this info, I'm not much for electronics but what the hell now is as good a time as any to start.
Can you tell me what board we're talking about I don't see any of those numbers on andy of the boards. It would help if you could narrow it down for me. A picture would be awesome.
Sorry, can't take a picture as I don't want to haul the TV down and re-open it.
If you go to ShopJimmy.com and search up the Toshiba 75002913 Power Supply for 42HL196, there's a photo of it there. Q880 is not visible from this angle but its mounted on the small upper left heat-sink just left of the board number PE-0071E-1. The capacitors I replaced are that group of tall cans at the left end of the board, as well as the two just below the lower big heatsink. For good measure, I also replace all the small electrolytic capacitors spread around the board even if I didn't suspect them as it effectively resets the lifespan of the board (electrolytic capacitors are the first things that die with age, often by a decade or more sooner than anything else unless there's a design problem).
I can't emphasize the following enough: This is all high voltage line-side circuitry; the 370-Volts DC that feeds Q880 and Q860 is instantly deadly. Unless you've had experience working with circuitry that operates at these voltages and high voltage safety is ingrained into your instincts, I strongly recommend you have a qualified technician do the work. This is not something that should be attempted by a novice.
Copyright © Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Created in this Craftsy class
Creative Quilting With Your Walking Foot taught by Jacquie Gering
Finish fabulous, fulfilling quilts at home with your walking foot. Tap into the creative power of your walking foot as you quilt linear, curved and concentric designs.
Other projects made as part of this class:
QuiltingMy 70's sofa
QuiltingCross Hatching
QuiltingPandalicious HST quilt
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
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I quilted an overall Hexagon grid, except the embroidery. Using the Walking foot was a breeze. No folds, no puckers.
06/15/2014 Flag
It's really fun and the grid enhances the piecing in a great way!!
06/15/2014 Flag
I love all of this quilt from the pattern, embroidery and finally how you have quilted it amazing.
06/20/2014 Flag
I love your combination of quite modern hexagons and the "oldfashion" embroidery scenes. Great.
07/10/2014 Flag


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Upstart Pitches Trading Sanctum
An upstart trading platform is pitching itself as an antidote to predatory high-frequency trading.
WASHINGTON—Some big Wall Street firms are throwing their weight behind an upstart trading platform pitching itself as an antidote to a mounting problem in the stock market: predatory high-frequency trading.
The platform, IEX Group Inc., will go head-to-head in October with established stock exchanges and "dark pools," private trading venues that don't publish buy and sell prices for stocks. Its aim is to nullify certain advantages enjoyed by high-speed traders, such as the ability to detect large orders by less fleet-footed traders and make trades ahead of them.
Its backers say IEX will provide a haven for firms that are looking to swap larger chunks of stocks, such as mutual funds and hedge funds. It plans to impose a uniform split-second delay on all trades executed on the exchange, offer a limited number of order types, and forgo the widespread practice among exchanges of paying firms that post orders on their venues.
IEX has garnered interest from firms such as Goldman Sachs Group Inc. GS 1.46 % and J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., and has attracted financial backing from fund managers including Los Angeles-based Capital Group Cos., which manages American Funds and has $1.2 trillion in assets, and Brandes Investment Partners, a San Diego firm with $25 billion under management.
A Goldman representative said the firm sees IEX as "a true departure from the existing exchange models." More than 50 of Goldman's institutional clients have expressed interest in IEX, the bank said.
Still, IEX, with about 30 employees, could have a hard time steering enough trading to its platform to reduce the need for the high-frequency element, as it hopes. High-speed trading represents about half of all stock trading, and is seen by many experts as a necessary cog in today's computer-driven market, providing the steady flow of buy and sell orders that helps traditional, long-term investors trade.
IEX Chief Executive Brad Katsuyama, who spent about a decade designing sophisticated trading systems in New York for Royal Bank of Canada, says large money managers have become disillusioned with stock exchanges catering to high-speed clients. IEX's ambition, he says, is to "provide a common place" for such investors to trade in relative safety by curbing the ability of quick-draw firms to detect large orders and trade ahead of them.
That hasn't happened with other nonexchange trading venues, typically owned by a single broker-dealer. But no brokers will have a stake in IEX, which instead is largely owned by institutional investment firms and private investors. Mr. Katsuyama, 35 years old, hopes the distinction will encourage brokers to trade on IEX, since they won't be trading on a competitor's platform.
Regulators are turning up the heat on high-speed trading. The Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating whether stock exchanges have provided high-speed traders advantages over regular investors. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority recently sent letters to high-frequency firms seeking more information about the computer codes they use to trade, with an eye on whether the firms have proper risk checks in place.
Unlike dark pools, IEX plans to publish traders' buy and sell orders. It will have four order types—commands that prioritize how an investor's orders are handled by an exchange—as opposed to the dozens of order types provided by exchanges that have drawn scrutiny from regulators.
IEX also will forgo the so-called rebates that many exchanges pay firms that help provide buy and sell orders. The payments, typically about 25 to 30 cents per 100 shares, primarily benefit high-frequency trading firms that provide orders.
At the same time, exchanges charge firms a fee for taking those orders. For firms that trade millions of shares a day, those rebates and fees add up to either a significant windfall or cost.
Many high-speed firms have designed strategies that allow them to pocket rebates, while brokers trading on behalf of fund clients typically pay the fees. IEX will charge a flat fee of nine cents for every 100 shares a firm buys or sells. Its hope is that firms trading solely to get a rebate will send their orders elsewhere, Mr. Katsuyama says, while brokers will pay a lower fee to trade than they do on exchanges.
IEX also plans to house clients' computers in a separate building from its own computer system, introducing a delay of 350 millionths of a second between the time a client sends an order from its server and when it reaches IEX's computers. Trade information exiting from IEX's system will have the same delay.
That is a departure from the practice at other stock exchanges, which place client computers in the same building as their own and have cut delays to less than 10 millionths of a second at times. The shorter delay gives high-speed firms the ability to react to trades at the exchange faster than other firms whose computers aren't housed in the same building, among other advantages.
While such protections have sparked interest among big investment firms, it remains to be seen whether enough will send orders to IEX. "We're hopeful that the platform will draw liquidity to it," said Matt Lyons, who runs global stock trading at Capital Group, an IEX investor. "The proof will be in the pudding."
Write to Scott Patterson at firstname.lastname@example.com


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This high quality glass promo mug is the perfect size for beer.
Recipients will be saying "cheers to you" when you giveaway these beer mug custom stress balls that are perfect for a bar, restaurant, or breweries!
Advertise banquet & reception halls' planning capabilities with promotional items from ePromos! Promotional portable party plates, personalized pizza & dessert cutters, and custom imprinted coasters are great promotional options because they'd be used at both small & large parties. Personalized napkins and cups can also be ordered for parties or events that your hall may be hosting.


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MMA Forum - UFC Forums - UFC Results - MMA Videos (http://www.mmaforum.com/forumindex.php)
- UFC (http://www.mmaforum.com/ufc/)
- - What Dana can learn from Vince and the WWE (http://www.mmaforum.com/ufc/88864-what-dana-can-learn-vince-wwe.html)
What Dana can learn from Vince and the WWE
Thought this was interesting to read, wanted to share :)
Well, to put it short - please don't screw this up Dana!
It was a good read. Right now I like the SF acquisition by Zuffa but how good a move it is will be in the execution over the next 5 or so years. I agree completely about the point of not treating the SF fighters as second class citizens.
I was right there with him until he implied that the UFC could pass the NFL in terms of popularity in the U.S. market any time soon.
I don't see MMA or the UFC ever surpassing the NFL in America unless something drastic happens to the game of football or the league. Growing up in the Philadelphia area and being a die hard Eagles fan in certain cities football is a religion.
The UFC will surpass the WWE because it is real, and completely unpredictable. Also because out of 2 hours of WWE you get maybe 20 minutes of action, 20 minutes in commercials and 80 minutes of stupid soap opera garbage.
Excellent article though.
Thanks for posting the article. It was interesting, since I'm not that familiar with the history of the WWE buying WCW. Though the author makes several errors in understanding the business side of both the UFC and WWE.
Anyone who thinks the WWE makes the majority of its revenue on PPV, probably shouldn't tell Dana White, "sit down and take some notes, class is about to begin." It's not a good look...
The UFC is certainly closer, they certainly make a plurality of their revenue from PPV. But just from reading summaries on S&P reports on Zuffa, it's probably not a majority.
Soccer however, just watching highlights of cities reactions to wins in World Cup games, especially in South America....tells me it won't ever reach that type of insanity.
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