text: DSpace Collection: http://hdl.handle.net/2381/269 2016-10-01T01:36:38Z Stable isotope analyses of rock hyrax faecal pellets, hyraceum and associated vegetation in southern Africa: implications for dietary ecology and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38088 Title: Stable isotope analyses of rock hyrax faecal pellets, hyraceum and associated vegetation in southern Africa: implications for dietary ecology and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions Authors: Carr, Andrew S.; Chase, Brian M.; Boom, Arnoud; Medina-Sanchez, Javier Abstract: Rock hyrax middens are important palaeoenvironmental archives in southern Africa. Carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements on middens (hyraceum) are key components of climate reconstructions, but their interpretations require refinement. Although δ15N in hyraceum often correlates with independent proxies for palaeo-aridity, the impacts of dietary and physiological controls on hyraceum δ15N remain to be resolved. We analyse δ13C and δ15N in plant foliage, hyrax faecal pellets and hyraceum from 21 sites across southern Africa. Faeces are generally depleted in 13C (δ13C typically < −20‰), suggesting significant browsing. Grazing is rarely dominant and probably occurs only when palatable grass is available. Variability in faecal and foliar δ15N is large, but foliar δ15N is positively correlated with faecal δ15N. The diet-faeces δ15N offset is uncorrelated with climate (aridity), but is correlated with %N in faeces. Faecal δ15N is positively correlated with modern hyraceum δ15N, and the relationships with aridity index for foliar and faecal (body tissue) δ15N are comparable. These observations implicate diet as a significant control on hyraceum δ15N and we observe no strong evidence for metabolic controls on hyraceum δ15N. More data are required to refine these relationships, but these observations are consistent with current palaeoenvironmental interpretations of midden δ15N and δ13C. Description: Following the embargo period the above license applies 2016-09-16T14:50:21Z Magnitude, spatial distribution and uncertainty of forest biomass stocks in Mexico http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38080 Title: Magnitude, spatial distribution and uncertainty of forest biomass stocks in Mexico Authors: Rodríguez-Veiga, Pedro; Saatchi, Sassan; Tansey, Kevin; Balzter, Heiko Abstract: Existing forest biomass stock maps show discrepancies with in-situ observations in Mexico. Ground data from the National Forest and Soil Inventory of Mexico (INFyS) were used to calibrate a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm to generate forest biomass (AGB), its associated uncertainty, and forest probability maps. The input predictor layers for the MaxEnt algorithm were extracted from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) vegetation index (VI) products, ALOS PALSAR L-band dual-polarization backscatter coefficient images, and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model. A Jackknife analysis of the model accuracy indicated that the ALOS PALSAR layers have the highest relative contribution (50.9%) to the estimation of AGB, followed by MODIS-VI (32.9%) and SRTM (16.2%). The forest cover mask derived from the forest probability map showed higher accuracy (κ = 0.83) than alternative masks derived from ALOS PALSAR (κ = 0.72–0.78) or MODIS vegetation continuous fields (VCF) with a 10% tree cover threshold (κ = 0.66). The use of different forest cover masks yielded differences of about 30 million ha in forest cover extent and 0.45 Gt C in total carbon stocks. The AGB map showed a root mean square error (RMSE) of 17.3 t C ha⁻¹ and R² = 0.31 when validated at the 250 m pixel scale with inventory plots. The error and accuracy at municipality and state levels were RMSE = ± 4.4 t C ha⁻¹, R² = 0.75 and RMSE = ± 2.1 t C ha⁻¹, R² = 0.94 respectively. We estimate the total carbon stored in the aboveground live biomass of forests of Mexico to be 1.69 Gt C ± 1% (mean carbon density of 21.8 t C ha⁻¹), which agrees with the total carbon estimated by FAO for the FRA 2010 (1.68 Gt C). The new map, derived directly from the biomass estimates of the national inventory, proved to have similar accuracy as existing forest biomass maps of Mexico, but is more representative of the shape of the probability distribution function of AGB in the national forest inventory data. Our results suggest that the use of a non-parametric maximum entropy model trained with forest inventory plots, even at the sub-pixel size, can provide accurate spatial maps for national or regional REDD + applications and MRV systems. 2016-09-14T14:45:35Z Development and application of a catchment scale pesticide fate and transport model for use in drinking water risk assessment http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38052 Title: Development and application of a catchment scale pesticide fate and transport model for use in drinking water risk assessment Authors: Pullan, S. P.; Whelan, Michael J.; Rettino, J.; Filby, K.; Eyre, S.; Holman, I. P. Abstract: This paper describes the development and application of IMPT (Integrated Model for Pesticide Transport), a parameter-efficient tool for predicting diffuse-source pesticide concentrations in surface waters used for drinking water supply. The model was applied to a small UK headwater catchment with high frequency (8h) pesticide monitoring data and to five larger catchments (479-1653km(2)) with sampling approximately every 14days. Model performance was good for predictions of both flow (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency generally >0.59 and PBIAS <10%) and pesticide concentrations, although low sampling frequency in the larger catchments is likely to mask the true episodic nature of exposure. The computational efficiency of the model, along with the fact that most of its parameters can be derived from existing national soil property data mean that it can be used to rapidly predict pesticide exposure in multiple surface water resources to support operational and strategic risk assessments. 2016-09-13T08:34:40Z Validation of the Tandem-X Intermediate Digital Elevation Model with Airborne LiDAR and Differential GNSS in Kruger National Park http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37847 Title: Validation of the Tandem-X Intermediate Digital Elevation Model with Airborne LiDAR and Differential GNSS in Kruger National Park Authors: Balzter, Heiko; Baade, J.; Rodgers, K. Abstract: The recently released TanDEM-X intermediate digital elevation model (IDEM) product by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) provides elevation models at 12-m spatial resolution and above. It was derived from bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry using the two TerraSAR-X satellites flying in close constellation. The aim of this study was to validate the vertical accuracy of the IDEM data at study sites in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Two validation locations are presented: a dried up former reservoir (Nhlanganzwani Dam) characterized by bare soil and grassland and the peninsula between the Sabie and Sand Rivers near Skukuza characterized by dense woody cover. The results show that the IDEM elevation data are affected by residual vegetation canopy height and landform features smaller than the IDEM resolution cell. The scattering phase centers are located in the canopy but at a lower height than the location of the LiDAR first return signal. When only LiDAR ground hits or differential GNSS ground survey points are used for comparison, the IDEM data have an rmse <; 1 m and a small bias of less than 0.25 m in moderate terrain. 2016-07-19T12:18:47Z An investigation into the factors influencing the detectability of oil spills using spectral indices in an oil-polluted environment http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37822 Title: An investigation into the factors influencing the detectability of oil spills using spectral indices in an oil-polluted environment Authors: Adamu, Bashir; Tansey, Kevin; Ogutu, Booker Abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate and test the influence of oil spill volume and time gap (number of days between oil spill events and image acquisition date) on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). This was carried out to determine the effect of these factors on vegetation condition affected by the oil spill. Based on regression analysis, it was shown that increase in the volume of oil spill resulted in increased deterioration of vegetation condition (estimated using NDVI and NDWI) in the study site. The study also tested how the length of time gap between the oil spill and image acquisition date influences the detectability of impacts of oil spill on vegetation. The results showed that the length of time between image acquisition and oil spill influenced the detectability of impacts of oil spill on vegetation condition. The longer the time between the date of image acquisition and the oil spill event, the lower the detectability of impacts of oil spill on vegetation condition. The NDVI seemed to produce better results than the NDWI. In conclusion, time and volume of oil spill can be important factors influencing the detection of pollution using vegetation indices (VIs) in an oil-polluted environment. 2016-07-07T10:18:00Z Landscapes in transition: an analysis of sustainable policy initiatives and emerging corporate commitments in the palm oil industry http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37771 Title: Landscapes in transition: an analysis of sustainable policy initiatives and emerging corporate commitments in the palm oil industry Authors: Padfield, Rory; Drew, Simon; Syayuti, Khadijah; Page, Susan E.; Evers, Stephanie; Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa; Kangayatkarasu, Nagulendran; Sayok, Alex; Hansen, Sune; Schouten, Greetje; Maulidia, Martha; Papagyropoulou, Effie; Tham, Mun Hou Abstract: The recent Southeast Asian haze crisis has generated intense public scrutiny over the rate, methods and types of landscape change in the tropics. Debate has centred on the environmental impacts of large-scale agricultural expansion, particularly the associated loss of high carbon stock forest and forests of high conservation value. Focusing on palm oil—a versatile food crop and source of bioenergy—this paper analyses national, international and corporate policy initiatives in order to clarify the current and future direction of oil palm expansion in Malaysia and Indonesia. The policies of 'zero burn', 'no deforestation' and 'no planting on peatlands' are given particular emphasis in the paper. The landscape implications of corporate commitments are analysed to determine the amount of land, land types and geographies that could be affected in the future. The paper concludes by identifying key questions related to the further study of sustainable land use policy and practice. Description: The file associated with this record is under an 18-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-06-15T15:08:25Z In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37770 Title: In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia Authors: Page, Susan E.; Hooijer, A. Abstract: Peatlands are a significant component of the global carbon (C) cycle, yet despite their role as a long-term C sink throughout the Holocene, they are increasingly vulnerable to destabilization. Nowhere is this shift from sink to source happening more rapidly than in Southeast Asia, and nowhere else are the combined pressures of land-use change and fire on peatland ecosystem C dynamics more evident nor the consequences more apparent. This review focuses on the peatlands of this region, tracing the link between deforestation and drainage and accelerating C emissions arising from peat mineralization and fire. It focuses on the implications of the recent increase in fire occurrence for air quality, human health, ecosystem resilience and the global C cycle. The scale and controls on peat-driven C emissions are addressed, noting that although fires cause large, temporary peaks in C flux to the atmosphere, year-round emissions from peat mineralization are of a similar magnitude. The review concludes by advocating land management options to reduce future fire risk as part of wider peatland management strategies, while also proposing that this region's peat fire dynamic could become increasingly relevant to northern peatlands in a warming world. This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'. 2016-06-15T14:49:18Z Negotiating the educational spaces of urban multiculture: Skills, competencies and college life http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37737 Title: Negotiating the educational spaces of urban multiculture: Skills, competencies and college life Authors: Bennett, Katy J.; Cochrane, Allan; Mohan, Giles; Neal, Sarah Abstract: This paper contributes to research on urban multiculture and debates as to how people routinely live and experience ethnic diversity in their everyday lives. This research takes an 'unpanicked' approach to multiculture that sits differently to, although not unaffected by, multiculturalism as policy objective and those debates around multiculturalism that variously celebrate cultural difference or construct it through crisis talk. Critical to this paper are the routine phenomenologies of multiculture and the everyday practices, competencies and skills of young people attending college. Because of their diverse intakes and the openness of young people to difference, colleges are key sites within which urban multiculture is experienced and through which it is defined. Based on participant observation, repeat in-depth discussion groups and interviews, the focus of this paper is young adults attending post-16 colleges and schools in three ethnically diverse urban locations. Colleges and schools are urban spaces that mediate sociality and student experience but are also woven into the wider urban setting in which they are placed. The paper explores the skills and competencies that young adults develop to negotiate college and we particularly focus on their use of jokes and the exercise of restraint to get along with others. 2016-06-14T09:14:55Z Methods to Quantify Regional Differences in Land Cover Change http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37535 Title: Methods to Quantify Regional Differences in Land Cover Change Authors: Comber, Alexis; Balzter, Heiko; Cole, Beth; Fisher, Peter; Johnson, Sarah C. M.; Ogutu, Booker Abstract: This paper describes and illustrates methods for quantifying regional differences in land use/land cover changes. A series of approaches are used to analyse differences in land cover change from data held in change matrices. These are contingency tables and are commonly used in remote sensing to describe the spatial coincidence of land cover recorded over two time periods. Comparative analyses of regional change are developed using odds ratios to analyse data in two regions. These approaches are extended using generalised linear models to analyse data for three or more regions. A generalised Poisson regression model is used to generate a comparative index of change based on differences in change likelihoods. Mosaic plots are used to provide a visual representation of statistically surprising land use losses and gains. The methods are explored using a hypothetical but tractable dataset and then applied to a national case study of coastal land use changes over 50 years conducted for the National Trust. The suitability of the different approaches to different types of problem and the potential for their application to land cover accuracy measures are briefly discussed. 2016-05-13T10:17:49Z Mapping regional patterns of large forest fires in Wildland-Urban Interface areas in Europe http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37534 Title: Mapping regional patterns of large forest fires in Wildland-Urban Interface areas in Europe Authors: Modugno, Sirio; Balzter, Heiko; Cole, Beth; Borrelli, Pasquale Abstract: Over recent decades, Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) trends in many regions of Europe have reconfigured the landscape structures around many urban areas. In these areas, the proximity to landscape elements with high forest fuels has increased the fire risk to people and property. These Wildland-Urban Interface areas (WUI) can be defined as landscapes where anthropogenic urban land use and forest fuel mass come into contact. Mapping their extent is needed to prioritize fire risk control and inform local forest fire risk management strategies. This study proposes a method to map the extent and spatial patterns of the European WUI areas at continental scale. Using the European map of WUI areas, the hypothesis is tested that the distance from the nearest WUI area is related to the forest fire probability. Statistical relationships between the distance from the nearest WUI area, and large forest fire incidents from satellite remote sensing were subsequently modelled by logistic regression analysis. The first European scale map of the WUI extent and locations is presented. Country-specific positive and negative relationships of large fires and the proximity to the nearest WUI area are found. A regional-scale analysis shows a strong influence of the WUI zones on large fires in parts of the Mediterranean regions. Results indicate that the probability of large burned surfaces increases with diminishing WUI distance in touristic regions like Sardinia, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, or in regions with a strong peri-urban component as Catalunya, Comunidad de Madrid, Comunidad Valenciana. For the above regions, probability curves of large burned surfaces show statistical relationships (ROC value > 0.5) inside a 5000 m buffer of the nearest WUI. Wise land management can provide a valuable ecosystem service of fire risk reduction that is currently not explicitly included in ecosystem service valuations. The results re-emphasise the importance of including this ecosystem service in landscape valuations to account for the significant landscape function of reducing the risk of catastrophic large fires. 2016-05-13T10:08:36Z Predictive Models of Primary Tropical Forest Structure from Geomorphometric Variables Based on SRTM in the Tapajós Region, Brazilian Amazon http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37533 Title: Predictive Models of Primary Tropical Forest Structure from Geomorphometric Variables Based on SRTM in the Tapajós Region, Brazilian Amazon Authors: Bispo, Polyanna da Conceição; Dos Santos, João Roberto; Valeriano, Márcio de Morisson; Graça, Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro; Balzter, Heiko; França, Helena; Bispo, Pitágoras da Conceição Abstract: Surveying primary tropical forest over large regions is challenging. Indirect methods of relating terrain information or other external spatial datasets to forest biophysical parameters can provide forest structural maps at large scales but the inherent uncertainties need to be evaluated fully. The goal of the present study was to evaluate relief characteristics, measured through geomorphometric variables, as predictors of forest structural characteristics such as average tree basal area (BA) and height (H) and average percentage canopy openness (CO). Our hypothesis is that geomorphometric variables are good predictors of the structure of primary tropical forest, even in areas, with low altitude variation. The study was performed at the Tapajós National Forest, located in the Western State of Pará, Brazil. Forty-three plots were sampled. Predictive models for BA, H and CO were parameterized based on geomorphometric variables using multiple linear regression. Validation of the models with nine independent sample plots revealed a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.73 m²/ha (20%) for BA, 1.70 m (12%) for H, and 1.78% (21%) for CO. The coefficient of determination between observed and predicted values were r² = 0.32 for CO, r² = 0.26 for H and r² = 0.52 for BA. The models obtained were able to adequately estimate BA and CO. In summary, it can be concluded that relief variables are good predictors of vegetation structure and enable the creation of forest structure maps in primary tropical rainforest with an acceptable uncertainty. 2016-05-13T09:57:12Z Modeling the effects of fire severity and climate warming on active layer thickness and soil carbon storage of black spruce forests across the landscape in interior Alaska http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37489 Title: Modeling the effects of fire severity and climate warming on active layer thickness and soil carbon storage of black spruce forests across the landscape in interior Alaska Authors: Genet, H.; McGuire, A. D.; Barrett, Kirsten; Breen, A.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Johnstone, J. F.; Kasischke, E. S.; Melvin, A. M.; Bennett, A.; Mack, M. C. Abstract: There is a substantial amount of carbon stored in the permafrost soils of boreal forest ecosystems, where it is currently protected from decomposition. The surface organic horizons insulate the deeper soil from variations in atmospheric temperature. The removal of these insulating horizons through consumption by fire increases the vulnerability of permafrost to thaw, and the carbon stored in permafrost to decomposition. In this study we ask how warming and fire regime may influence spatial and temporal changes in active layer and carbon dynamics across a boreal forest landscape in interior Alaska. To address this question, we (1) developed and tested a predictive model of the effect of fire severity on soil organic horizons that depends on landscape-level conditions and (2) used this model to evaluate the long-term consequences of warming and changes in fire regime on active layer and soil carbon dynamics of black spruce forests across interior Alaska. The predictive model of fire severity, designed from the analysis of field observations, reproduces the effect of local topography (landform category, the slope angle and aspect and flow accumulation), weather conditions (drought index, soil moisture) and fire characteristics (day of year and size of the fire) on the reduction of the organic layer caused by fire. The integration of the fire severity model into an ecosystem process-based model allowed us to document the relative importance and interactions among local topography, fire regime and climate warming on active layer and soil carbon dynamics. Lowlands were more resistant to severe fires and climate warming, showing smaller increases in active layer thickness and soil carbon loss compared to drier flat uplands and slopes. In simulations that included the effects of both warming and fire at the regional scale, fire was primarily responsible for a reduction in organic layer thickness of 0.06 m on average by 2100 that led to an increase in active layer thickness of 1.1 m on average by 2100. The combination of warming and fire led to a simulated cumulative loss of 9.6 kgC m−2 on average by 2100. Our analysis suggests that ecosystem carbon storage in boreal forests in interior Alaska is particularly vulnerable, primarily due to the combustion of organic layer thickness in fire and the related increase in active layer thickness that exposes previously protected permafrost soil carbon to decomposition. 2016-05-06T08:21:33Z The last interglacial sea-level high stand on the southern Cape coastline of South Africa http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37487 Title: The last interglacial sea-level high stand on the southern Cape coastline of South Africa Authors: Carr, Andrew S.; Bateman, Mark D.; Roberts, David L.; Murray-Wallace, Colin V.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Holmes, Peter J. Abstract: The continental margin of southern South Africa exhibits an array of emergent marginal marine sediments permitting the reconstruction of long-term eustatic sea-level changes. We report a suite of optical luminescence ages and supplementary amino acid racemization data, which provide paleosea-level index points for three sites on this coastline. Deposits in the Swartvlei and Groot Brak estuaries display tidal inlet facies overlain by shoreface or eolian facies. Contemporary facies relations suggest a probable high stand 6.0-8.5 m above modern sea level (amsl). At Cape Agulhas, evidence of a past sea-level high stand comprises a gravel beach (ca. 3.8 m amsl) and an overlying sandy shoreface facies (up to 7.5 m amsl). OSL ages between 138 ± 7 ka and 118 ± 7 ka confirm a last interglacial age for all marginal marine facies. The high stand was followed by a sea-level regression that was associated with the accumulation of eolian dunes dating to between 122 ± 7 ka and 113 ± 6 ka. These data provide the first rigorous numerical age constraints for last interglacial sea-level fluctuations in this region, revealing the timing and elevation of the last interglacial high stand to broadly mirror a number of other far-field locations. 2016-05-05T14:05:10Z Sub-Pixel Classification of MODIS EVI for Annual Mappings of Impervious Surface Areas http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37395 Title: Sub-Pixel Classification of MODIS EVI for Annual Mappings of Impervious Surface Areas Authors: Tsutsumida, Narumasa; Comber, Alexis; Barrett, Kirsten; Saizen, Izuru; Rustiadi, Ernan Abstract: Regular monitoring of expanding impervious surfaces areas (ISAs) in urban areas is highly desirable. MODIS data can meet this demand in terms of frequent observations but are lacking in spatial detail, leading to the mixed land cover problem when per-pixel classifications are applied. To overcome this issue, this research develops and applies a spatio-temporal sub-pixel model to estimate ISAs on an annual basis during 2001–2013 in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. A Random Forest (RF) regression inferred the ISA proportion from annual 23 values of MODIS MOD13Q1 EVI and reference data in which such proportion was visually allocated from very high-resolution images in Google Earth over time at randomly selected locations. Annual maps of ISA proportion were generated and showed an average increase of 30.65 km2/year over 13 years. For comparison, a series of RF per-pixel classifications were also developed from the same reference data using a Boolean class constructed from different thresholds of ISA proportion. Results from per-pixel models varied when such thresholds change, suggesting difficulty of estimation of actual ISAs. This research demonstrated the advantages of spatio-temporal sub-pixel analysis for annual ISAs mapping and addresses the problem associated with definitions of thresholds in per-pixel approaches. 2016-04-20T09:48:26Z A new global burned area product for climate assessment of fire impacts http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37182 Title: A new global burned area product for climate assessment of fire impacts Authors: Chuvieco, E.; Yue, C.; Heil, A.; Mouillot, F.; Alonso-Canas, I.; Padilla, Marc; Pereira, J. M.; Oom, D.; Tansey, Kevin J. Abstract: Aim This paper presents a new global burned area (BA) product developed within the framework of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (CCI) programme, along with a first assessment of its potentials for atmospheric and carbon cycle modelling. Innovation Methods are presented for generating a new global BA product, along with a comparison with existing BA products, in terms of BA extension, fire size and shapes and emissions derived from biomass burnings. Main conclusions Three years of the global BA product were produced, accounting for a total BA of between 360 and 380 Mha year−1. General omission and commission errors for BA were 0.76 and 0.64, but they decreased to 0.51 and 0.52, respectively, for sites with more than 10% BA. Intercomparison with other existing BA datasets found similar spatial and temporal trends, mainly with the BA included in the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4), although regional differences were found (particularly in the 2006 fires of eastern Europe). The simulated carbon emissions from biomass burning averaged 2.1 Pg C year−1. 2016-04-07T10:23:51Z Introduction: Locating gentrification in the Global East http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37035 Title: Introduction: Locating gentrification in the Global East Authors: Shin, H. B.; Lees, Loretta Conway; Lopez-Morales, E. Abstract: This special issue, a collection of papers presented and debated at an Urban Studies Foundation-funded workshop on Global Gentrification in London in 2012, attempts to problematise contemporary understandings of gentrification, which is all too often confined to the experiences of the so-called Global North, and sometimes too narrowly understood as classic gentrification. Instead of simply confirming the rise of gentrification in places outside of the usual suspects of North America and Western Europe, a more open-minded approach is advocated so as not to over-generalise distinctive urban processes under the label of gentrification, thus understanding gentrification as constitutive of diverse urban processes at work. This requires a careful attention to the complexity of property rights and tenure relations, and calls for a dialogue between gentrification and non-gentrification researchers to understand how gentrification communicates with other theories to capture the full dynamics of urban transformation. Papers in this special issue have made great strides towards these goals, namely theorising, distorting, mutating and bringing into question the concept of gentrification itself, as seen from the perspective of the Global East, a label that we have deliberately given in order to problematise the existing common practices of grouping all regions other than Western European and North American ones into the Global South. 2016-03-14T11:03:06Z Arts-led regeneration in the UK: The rhetoric and the evidence on urban social inclusion http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37019 Title: Arts-led regeneration in the UK: The rhetoric and the evidence on urban social inclusion Authors: Lees, Loretta Conway; Melhuish, C. Abstract: This paper reviews the rhetoric of arts-led regeneration in the UK and reflects on its evidence base. We show how the notion of arts-led regeneration as a tool to combat social exclusion in our inner cities developed momentum for policy makers under a New Labour government, culminating in its status as a quasi-social fact. We critique this quasi-social fact and underline its limited and problematic evidence base. We offer suggestions for constructing a new and more robust evidence base. 2016-03-09T12:23:32Z Resisting gentrification on its final frontiers: the case of the Heygate Estate in London (1974-2013) http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37018 Title: Resisting gentrification on its final frontiers: the case of the Heygate Estate in London (1974-2013) Authors: Lees, Loretta Conway; Ferrerai, M. Abstract: The state-led gentrification and social cleansing of low income tenants from inner London has been ongoing since the late 1990s and continues today. Publicly owned and managed council estates have become the key target of what has been aptly labelled the 'new' urban renewal. Council estates are one of the final gentrification frontiers in London, housing low income tenants in the face of the total gentrification of the city. In this paper we focus on the resistance to gentrification that emerged in and around one of these estates: the Heygate Estate in Elephant and Castle, inner London. The research and some of the activities discussed formed part of a Scholar- Activist project. We discuss three forms of resistance: local civil society network organising to support open master planning through active engagement with planning; self-organised activities to keep the estate open and accessible during the displacement of its residents; and the legal challenges to the Compulsory Purchase Order of the last remaining properties in the form of a CPO Public Inquiry. While unsuccessful in saving the estate from demolition, each form of resistance and their interrelation succeeded in exposing the degree to which the regeneration of Elephant and Castle and its centrepiece demolition of the estate, was/is not in the 'public interest' and in discrediting the local authority's 'regeneration spin'. Description: The file associated with this record is under a 36-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-03-09T11:50:31Z Mapping information wealth and poverty: the geography of gazetteers http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37002 Title: Mapping information wealth and poverty: the geography of gazetteers Authors: Graham, M.; De Sabbata, Stefano Abstract: Gazetteers are dictionaries of geographic place-names that have important implications far beyond the worlds of geographers and cartographers. By containing 'definitive' lists of places, gazetteers have the ontological power to define what will and will not be geocoded and represented in databases, maps, search engines, and ultimately our spatial understandings of place. This paper focuses attention on GeoNames, which is the world's largest freely available and widely used gazetteer. We illustrate how content in GeoNames is characterised by highly uneven spatial distributions. There are dense clusters of place-names in some parts of the world and a relative absence of geographic content in others. These patterns are related not just to the wealth and population size of a country, but also to its policies on Internet access and open data. The paper then traces some of the specific implications of this information inequality: showing how biases in gazetteers are propagated in a variety of geographic meaning-making. 2016-03-09T09:38:37Z Geographic dimensions of relevance http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37001 Title: Geographic dimensions of relevance Authors: De Sabbata, Stefano; Mizzaro, S.; Reichenbacher, T. Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the emerging geographic features of current concepts of relevance, and to improve, modify, and extend the framework proposed by Mizzaro (1998). The objective is to define a new framework able to account, more completely and precisely, for the notions of relevance involved in mobile information seeking scenarios. Design/methodology/approach – The authors formalise two new dimensions of relevance. The first dimension emphasises the spatio-temporal nature of the information seeking process. The second dimension allows us to describe how different concepts of relevance rely on different abstractions of reality. Findings – The new framework allows: to conceptualise the point in space and time at which a given notion of relevance refers to; to conceptualise the level of abstraction taken into account by a given notion of relevance; and to include widely adopted facets (e.g. users mobility, preferences, and social context) in the classification of notions of relevance. Originality/value – The conceptual discussion presented in this paper contributes to the future development of relevance in the scope of mobile information seeking scenarios. The authors provide a more comprehensive framework for conceptualization, development, and classification of notions of relevance in the field of information retrieval and location-based services. 2016-03-09T09:27:57Z Quality assessment of roof planes extracted from height data for solar energy systems by the EAGLE platform http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36991 Title: Quality assessment of roof planes extracted from height data for solar energy systems by the EAGLE platform Authors: Schuffert, Simon; Voegtle, Thomas; Tate, Nicholas J.; Ramirez, Alberto Abstract: Due to the increasing scarcity of fossil fuels and the upwards trend in energy costs over time, many countries—especially in Europe—have begun to modify their energy policies aiming to increase that percentage obtained from renewable energies. The EAGLE (FP7 program, European Commission) has developed a web-based platform to promote renewable energy systems (RES) in the public and private sectors, and to deliver a comprehensive information source for all interested users. In this paper, a comprehensive quality assessment of extracted roof planes suitable for solar energy installations (photovoltaic, solar thermal) from height data derived automatically from both LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and aerial images will be presented. A shadow analysis is performed regarding the daily path of the sun including the shading effects of nearby objects (chimneys, dormers, vegetation, buildings, topography, etc.). A quality assessment was carried out for both LiDAR and aerial images of the same test sites in UK and Germany concerning building outline accuracy, extraction rate of roof planes and the accuracy of their geometric parameters (inclination and aspect angle, size). The benefit is an optimized system to extract roof planes for RES with a high level of detail, accuracy and flexibility (concerning different commonly available data sources) including an estimation of quality of the results which is important for individual house owners as well as for regional applications by governments or solar energy companies to judge their usefulness. 2016-03-07T12:17:46Z Poetic world-writing in a pluriversal world: a provocation to the creative (re)turn in geography http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36840 Title: Poetic world-writing in a pluriversal world: a provocation to the creative (re)turn in geography Authors: Madge, Clare; Eshun, G. Abstract: x Description: The file associated with this record is under a 12-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-02-23T14:55:48Z An optical luminescence chronology for late Pleistocene aeolian activity in the Colombian and Venezuelan Llanos Quaternary Research http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36695 Title: An optical luminescence chronology for late Pleistocene aeolian activity in the Colombian and Venezuelan Llanos Quaternary Research Authors: Carr, Andrew Stephen; Armitage, S. J.; Berrio, J. C.; Blibao, B.; Boom, A. Abstract: The lowland savannas (Llanos) of Colombia and Venezuela are covered by extensive aeolian landforms for which little chronological information exists. We present the first optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age constraints for dunes in the Llanos Orientales of lowland Colombia and new ages for dunes in the Venezuelan Llanos. The dunes are fully vegetated and show evidence of post-depositional erosion. Ages range from 4.5 ± 0.4 to 66 ± 4 ka, with the majority dating to 10-27 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 2). Some dunes accumulated quickly during the last glacial maximum, although most were active 16-10 ka. Accretion largely ceased after 10 ka. All dunes are elongated downwind from rivers, parallel with dry season winds, and are interpreted as source-bordering features. As they are presently isolated from fluvial sediments by gallery forest it is proposed that activity was associated with a more prolonged dry season, which restricted gallery forest, leading to greater sediment availability on river shorelines. Such variability in dry season duration was potentially mediated by the mean latitude of the ITCZ. The cessation of most dune accretion after ca. 10 ka suggests reduced seasonality and a more northerly ITCZ position, consistent with evidence from the Cariaco Basin Description: The file associated with this record is under a 12-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-02-11T12:12:55Z Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36690 Title: Pollen-based biome reconstructions for Latin America at 0, 6000 and 18 000 radiocarbon years ago Authors: Marchant, R.; Cleef, A.; Harrison, S. P.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Markgraf, V.; van Boxel, J.; Ager, T.; Almeida, L.; Anderson, R.; Baied, C.; Behling, H.; Berrio, Juan Carlos; Burbridge, R.; Bjorck, S.; Byrne, R.; Bush, M.; Duivenvoorden, J.; Flenley, J.; De Oliveira, P.; van Geel, B.; Graf, K.; Gosling, W. D.; Harbele, S.; van der Hammen, T.; Hansen, B.; Horn, S.; Kuhry, P.; Ledru, M. -. P.; Mayle, F.; Leyden, B.; Lozano-Garcia, S.; Melief, A. M.; Moreno, P.; Moar, N. T.; Prieto, A.; van Reenen, G.; Salgado-Labouriau, M.; Schaebitz, F.; Schreve-Brinkman, E. J.; Wille, M. Abstract: The biomisation method is used to reconstruct Latin American vegetation at 6000±500 and 18 000±1000 radiocarbon years before present ([Superscript: 14]C yr BP) from pollen data. Tests using modern pollen data from 381 samples derived from 287 locations broadly reproduce potential natural vegetation. The strong temperature gradient associated with the Andes is recorded by a transition from high altitude cool grass/shrubland and cool mixed forest to mid-altitude cool temperate rain forest, to tropical dry, seasonal and rain forest at low altitudes. Reconstructed biomes from a number of sites do not match the potential vegetation due to local factors such as human impact, methodological artefacts and mechanisms of pollen representivity of the parent vegetation. At 6000±500 [Superscript: 14]C yr BP 255 samples are analysed from 127 sites. Differences between the modern and the 6000±500 [Superscript: 14]C yr BP reconstruction are comparatively small; change relative to the modern reconstruction are mainly to biomes characteristic of drier climate in the north of the region with a slight more mesic shift in the south. Cool temperate rain forest remains dominant in western South America. In northwestern South America a number of sites record transitions from tropical seasonal forest to tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest to tropical seasonal forest. Sites in Central America show a change in biome assignment, but to more mesic vegetation, indicative of greater plant available moisture, e.g. on the Yucatán peninsula sites record warm evergreen forest, replacing tropical dry forest and warm mixed forest presently recorded. At 18 000±1000 [Superscript: 14]C yr BP 61 samples from 34 sites record vegetation reflecting a generally cool and dry environment. Cool grass/shrubland is prevalent in southeast Brazil whereas Amazonian sites record tropical dry forest, warm temperate rain forest and tropical seasonal forest. Southernmost South America is dominated by cool grass/shrubland, a single site retains cool temperate rain forest indicating that forest was present at some locations at the LGM. Some sites in Central Mexico and lowland Colombia remain unchanged in the biome assignments of warm mixed forest and tropical dry forest respectively, although the affinities that these sites have to different biomes do change between 18 000±1000 [Superscript: 14]C yr BP and present. The "unresponsive" nature of these sites results from their location and the impact of local edaphic influence. 2016-02-11T09:17:13Z The Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance, an overview http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36649 Title: The Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance, an overview Authors: Bombelli, A.; Henry, M.; Castaldi, S.; Adu-Bredu, S.; Arneth, A.; De Grandcourt, A.; Grieco, E.; Kutsch, W. L.; Lehsten, V.; Rasile, G. A.; Reichstein, M.; Tansey, Kevin James; Weber, U.; Valentini, R. Abstract: This study presents a summary overview of the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by synthesizing the available data from national communications to UNFCCC and first results from the project CarboAfrica (net ecosystem productivity and emis- sions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates). 5 According to these preliminary estimates the overall carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.43 Pg C y − 1 (using in situ measurements for savanna NEP) to a much higher sink of 2.53 Pg C y − 1 (using model estimates for savanna NEP). UNFCCC estimates lead to a moderate carbon sink of 0.58Pg C y − 1 . Excluding anthropogenic disturbance and intrinsic episodic events, the carbon uptake by forests (0.98 Pg C y − 1 ) and savannas 10 (from 1.38 to 3.48 Pg C y − 1 , depending on the used methodology) are the main com- ponents of the SSA sink e ff ect. Fires (0.72 Pg C y − 1 ), deforestation (0.25 Pg C y − 1 ) and forest degradation (0.77 Pg C y − 1 ) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emis- sions, while the agricultural sector contributes only with 0.12 Pg C y − 1 . Notably, the impact of forest degradation is higher than that caused by deforestation, and the SSA 15 forest net carbon balance is close to equilibrium. Savannas play a major role in shap- ing the SSA carbon balance, due to their large areal extent, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle sys- tem and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, 20 even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests. The current CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance. 2016-02-10T10:14:06Z An outlook on the Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36648 Title: An outlook on the Sub-Saharan Africa carbon balance Authors: Bombelli, A.; Henry, M.; Castaldi, S.; Adu-Bredu, S.; Arneth, A.; de Grandcourt, A.; Grieco, E.; Kutsch, W. L.; Lehsten, V.; Rasile, A.; Reichstein, M.; Tansey, Kevin James; Weber, U.; Valentini, R. Abstract: This study gives an outlook on the carbon balance of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by presenting a summary of currently available results from the project CarboAfrica (namely net ecosystem productivity and emissions from fires, deforestation and forest degradation, by field and model estimates) supplemented by bibliographic data and compared with a new synthesis of the data from national communications to UNFCCC. According to these preliminary estimates the biogenic carbon balance of SSA varies from 0.16 Pg C y[Superscript: −1] to a much higher sink of 1.00 Pg C y[Superscript: −1] (depending on the source data). Models estimates would give an unrealistic sink of 3.23 Pg C y[Superscript: −1], confirming their current inadequacy when applied to Africa. The carbon uptake by forests and savannas (0.34 and 1.89 Pg C y[Superscript: −1], respectively,) are the main contributors to the resulting sink. Fires (0.72 Pg C y[Superscript: −1]) and deforestation (0.25 Pg C y[Superscript: −1]) are the main contributors to the SSA carbon emissions, while the agricultural sector and forest degradation contributes only with 0.12 and 0.08 Pg C y[Superscript: −1], respectively. Savannas play a major role in shaping the SSA carbon balance, due to their large extension, their fire regime, and their strong interannual NEP variability, but they are also a major uncertainty in the overall budget. Even if fossil fuel emissions from SSA are relative low, they can be crucial in defining the sign of the overall SSA carbon balance by reducing the natural sink potential, especially in the future. This paper shows that Africa plays a key role in the global carbon cycle system and probably could have a potential for carbon sequestration higher than expected, even if still highly uncertain. Further investigations are needed, particularly to better address the role of savannas and tropical forests and to improve biogeochemical models. The CarboAfrica network of carbon measurements could provide future unique data sets for better estimating the African carbon balance. 2016-02-10T10:08:27Z Comparing the accuracies of remote sensing global burned area products using stratified random sampling and estimation http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36466 Title: Comparing the accuracies of remote sensing global burned area products using stratified random sampling and estimation Authors: Padilla, Marc; Stehman, S. V.; Ramo, R.; Corti, D.; Hantson, S. R.; Oliva, P.; Alonso-Canas, I. D.; Bradley, Andrew V.; Tansey, Kevin; Mota, B.; Pereira, J. M.; Chuvieco, E. Abstract: The accuracies of six global burned area (BA) products for year 2008 were compared using the same validation methods and reference data to quantify accuracy of each product. The selected products include MCD64, MCD45 and Geoland2, and three products developed within the Fire Disturbance project (fire_cci), which is part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program. The latter three products were derived from MERIS and VEGETATION sensors (one product from each sensor separately, and a third one from the merging of MERIS and VGT products). The reference fire perimeters were mapped from two multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM + images at 103 non-overlapping Thiessen scene areas (TSA) selected with a stratified random sampling design. The validation results were based on cross tabulated error matrices from which six accuracy measures were computed following the requirements of end-users of burned area products. While overall accuracy (OA) exceeded 99% for all products, overall accuracy was lower for the burned class. Burned area commission error ratio was above 40% for all products and omission error ratio was above 65% for all products. The statistical significance of differences in accuracy between pairs of products was evaluated based on theory of the stratified combined ratio estimator. Statistical tests identified the MCD64 as the most accurate product, followed by MCD45 and the MERIS product. Description: The file associated with this record is under a 24-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-02-01T09:38:29Z GLOBAL BURNED AREA MAPPING FROM EUROPEAN SATELLITES: THE ESA FIRE_CCI PROJECT http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36409 Title: GLOBAL BURNED AREA MAPPING FROM EUROPEAN SATELLITES: THE ESA FIRE_CCI PROJECT Authors: Chuvieco, E.; Sandow, C.; Guenther, K. P.; González-Alonso, F.; Pereira, J. M.; Pérez, O.; Bradley, A. V.; Schultz, M.; Mouillot, F.; Ciais, P. Abstract: The European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) is part of the European contribution to the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) program. Fire disturbance is one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECV) included in the ESA CCI program. It focus on mapping burned area (BA) using European sensors (ATSR, VEGETATION and MERIS data), and in comparing the performance of the results with other existing datasets. The project aims at developing and validating algorithms to produce consistent, stable, error-characterized global BA information. The project includes as well developing algorithms to generate georeferenced and calibrated reflectances of (A)ATSR, VEGETATION and MERIS data, identifying potential sources of confusion with burned areas (clouds, smoke, cloud shadows, water, snow, topographic shadows). The final product will be a merging of BA information derived from three different sensors . The outputs will be adapted to the needs of the atmospheric and vegetation modelling communities. 2016-01-27T09:58:10Z Introduction: the sexual politics of austerity http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36351 Title: Introduction: the sexual politics of austerity Authors: Di Feliciantonio, Cesare; Brown, Gavin P. Abstract: Neoliberal rationality appears as common-sense (Hall and O'Shea, 2013) in almost every geographical region, forging political and economic agendas, as well as investing every domain of social and personal life (Brenner et al, 2010, Cooper, 2008, Harvey, 2005). In this respect, the affirmation of austerity politics as the main response to the global financial crisis originated in the US mortgage market from 2007 marks the triumph of the neoliberal order, its key-principles being intensified and unchallenged transnationally (Aalbers, 2013, Dardot and Laval, 2014, Peck, 2013). At the global scale the impact of the neoliberal reason on welfare regimes seems to be inescapable: cuts in services and public expenditure, the emergence of new contractual forms of public/private partnership (and ownership of assets), homeownership promoted as the key towards an asset-based welfare provision through the expansion of credit and the consequent raising of indebtedness for the consumer-citizen (Aalbers, 2008, Ascoli and Ranci, 2002, Rolnik, 2013, Ronald, 2008, Watson, 2009). The main consequences of this global trend are rising inequalities, and increasing poverty, unemployment and indebtedness; whilst the hegemony of the neoliberal principle of selfresponsibilization has led towards the progressive criminalization and blaming of people living in poverty (Taylor-Gooby, 2013, Wacquant, 2009). How do such processes impact on sexuality and sexual politics? The answer is at least twofold, highlighting the contradictory character of capitalism, defined by Bassi (2006) as the tension between capture and escape. [Opening Paragraph] 2016-01-22T12:12:00Z Variable carbon losses from recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36228 Title: Variable carbon losses from recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands Authors: Konecny, K.; Ballhorn, U.; Navratil, P.; Jubanski, J.; Page, S. E.; Tansey, Kevin James; Hooijer, A.; Vernimmen, R.; Siegert, F. Abstract: Tropical peatland fires play a significant role in the context of global warming through emissions of substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. However, the state of knowledge on carbon loss from these fires is still poorly developed with few studies reporting the associated mass of peat consumed. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variations in burn depth have not been previously quantified. This study presents the first spatially explicit investigation of fire-driven tropical peat loss and its variability. An extensive airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) dataset was used to develop a pre-fire peat surface modeling methodology, enabling the spatially differentiated quantification of burned area depth over the entire burned area. We observe a strong interdependence between burned area depth, fire frequency and distance to drainage canals. For the first time, we show that relative burned area depth decreases over the first four fire events and is constant thereafter. Based on our results, we revise existing peat and carbon loss estimates for recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands. We suggest values for the dry mass of peat fuel consumed that are 206 t ha(-1) for initial fires, reducing to 115 t ha(-1) for second, 69 t ha(-1) for third and 23 t ha(-1) for successive fires, which are 58% to 7% of the current IPCC Tier 1 default value for all fires. In our study area, this results in carbon losses of 114, 64, 38 and 13 t C ha(-1) for first to fourth fires, respectively. Furthermore, we show that with increasing proximity to drainage canals both burned area depth and the probability of recurrent fires increase and present equations explaining burned area depth as a function of distance to drainage canal. This improved knowledge enables a more accurate approach to emissions accounting and will support IPCC Tier 2 reporting of fire emissions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Description: The file associated with this record is under a 12-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-820227.html. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2016-01-08T13:06:26Z Empirical Modelling of Vegetation Abundance from Airborne Hyperspectral Data for Upland Peatland Restoration Monitoring http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36219 Title: Empirical Modelling of Vegetation Abundance from Airborne Hyperspectral Data for Upland Peatland Restoration Monitoring Authors: Cole, Beth; McMorrow, J.; Evans, M. Abstract: Peatlands are important terrestrial carbon stores. Restoration of degraded peatlands to restore ecosystem services is a major area of conservation effort. Monitoring is crucial to judge the success of this restoration. Remote sensing is a potential tool to provide landscape-scale information on the habitat condition. Using an empirical modelling approach, this paper aims to use airborne hyperspectral image data with ground vegetation survey data to model vegetation abundance for a degraded upland blanket bog in the United Kingdom (UK), which is undergoing restoration. A predictive model for vegetation abundance of Plant Functional Types (PFT) was produced using a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and applied to the whole restoration site. A sensitivity test on the relationships between spectral data and vegetation abundance at PFT and single species level confirmed that PFT was the correct scale for analysis. The PLSR modelling allows selection of variables based upon the weighted regression coefficient of the individual spectral bands, showing which bands have the most influence on the model. These results suggest that the SWIR has less value for monitoring peatland vegetation from hyperspectral images than initially predicted. RMSE values for the validation data range between 10% and 16% cover, indicating that the models can be used as an operational tool, considering the subjective nature of existing vegetation survey results. These predicted coverage images are the first quantitative landscape scale monitoring results to be produced for the site. High resolution hyperspectral mapping of PFTs has the potential to assess recovery of peatland systems at landscape scale for the first time. 2016-01-08T10:37:53Z Non-parametric retrieval of aboveground biomass in Siberian boreal forests with ALOS PALSAR interferometric coherence and backscatter intensity http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36217 Title: Non-parametric retrieval of aboveground biomass in Siberian boreal forests with ALOS PALSAR interferometric coherence and backscatter intensity Authors: Stelmaszczuk-Górska, M. A.; Rodriguez-Veiga, P.; Ackermann, N.; Thiel, C.; Balzter, Heiko; Schmullius, C. Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of two recently popular non-parametric models for aboveground biomass (AGB) retrieval from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) L-band backscatter intensity and coherence images. An area in Siberian boreal forests was selected for this study. The results demonstrated that relatively high estimation accuracy can be obtained at a spatial resolution of 50 m using the MaxEnt and the Random Forests machine learning algorithms. Overall, the AGB estimation errors were similar for both tested models (approximately 35 t∙ha[Subscript: −1]). The retrieval accuracy slightly increased, by approximately 1%, when the filtered backscatter intensity was used. Random Forests underestimated the AGB values, whereas MaxEnt overestimated the AGB values. 2016-01-08T10:19:39Z Modelling Deforestation and Land Cover Transitions of Tropical Peatlands in Sumatra, Indonesia Using Remote Sensed Land Cover Data Sets http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36216 Title: Modelling Deforestation and Land Cover Transitions of Tropical Peatlands in Sumatra, Indonesia Using Remote Sensed Land Cover Data Sets Authors: Elz, Ian; Tansey, Kevin; Page, Susan E.; Trivedi, M. Abstract: In Southeast Asia land use change associated with forest loss and degradation is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This is of particular concern where deforestation occurs on peat soils. A business-as-usual (BAU) land change model was developed using Dinamica EGO© for a REDD+ Demonstration Activity area in south-east Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia containing Berbak National Park (NP). The model output will be used as baseline land change predictions for comparison with alternative land cover management scenarios as part of a REDD+ feasibility study. The study area is approximately 376,000 ha with approximately 50% on peat soils. The model uses published 2000 and 2010 land cover maps as input and projects land cover change for thirty years until 2040. The model predicted that under a BAU scenario the forest area, 185,000 ha in 2010, will decline by 37% by 2040. In protected forest areas, approximately 50% of the study area, forest cover will reduce by 25%. Peat swamp forest will reduce by almost 37%. The greatest land cover category increases are plantation/regrowth areas (which includes oil palm) and open areas which each increase by 30,000 ha. These results indicate that the site has great potential as an Indonesian REDD+ Demonstration Activity. Description: Supplementary File 1 is available at http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/4/3/670/s1 2016-01-08T10:19:21Z Land Surface Temperature and Scaling Factors for Different Satellite Datasets http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36212 Title: Land Surface Temperature and Scaling Factors for Different Satellite Datasets Authors: Boori, M. S.; Balzter, Heiko; Choudhary, K.; Vozenílek, V. Abstract: Land surface parameters are highly integrated and have a direct effect on water and energy balance and weather predictions. Due to the difficulties in correcting the influences of the atmosphere absorbability and the earth surface emissivity diversification, the retrieval of land surface temperature (LST) from satellite data is a challenging task. To retrieve microwave land emissivity, infrared surface skin temperatures have been used as surface physical temperature. However, passive microwave emissions originate from deeper layers with respect to the skin temperature. So, this inconsistency in sensitivity depths between skin temperatures and microwave temperatures may introduce a discrepancy in the determined emissivity. In this research, six sample sites were chosen on the earth for 2013 and 2014 and then land surface temperature from AMSR-2, Landsat and ASTER brightness temperature values have been derived. The algorithm has been developed from a surface brightness temperature dataset, which has used as inputs surface parameters and atmospheric quantities. The retrieved LST has been compared within AMSR-2, Landsat and ASTER for the same period and area. Maximum time ASTER has shown higher temperature than other data and AMSR-2 has lower temperature on same area. Landsat and ASTER is closer to ground measured temperature than AMSR-2 data. It will be interesting to see how the satellite-derived surface temperature will behave in an assimilation scheme in a follow-up study. 2016-01-08T09:59:49Z Using vegetation spectral indices to detect oil pollution in the Niger Delta http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36159 Title: Using vegetation spectral indices to detect oil pollution in the Niger Delta Authors: Adamu, Bashir; Tansey, Kevin; Ogutu, Booker Abstract: Vegetation health and vigour may be affected by oil leakage or pollution. This effect can alter a plant's behaviour and may be used as evidence for detecting oil pollution in the environment. Satellite remote sensing has been shown to be an effective tool and approach to detect and monitor vegetation health and status in polluted areas. Previous research has used vegetation indices derived from remotely sensed satellite data to monitor vegetation health. This study investigated the potential for using broadband multispectral vegetation indices to detect impacts of oil pollution on vegetation conditions. Twenty indices were explored and evaluated in this study. The indices use data acquired at the visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared wavelengths. Comparative index values from the 37 oil polluted and non-polluted (control) sites show that 12 Broadband multispectral vegetation indices (BMVIs) indicated significant differences (p-value < 0.05) between pre- and post-spill observations. The 12 BMVI values at the polluted sites before and after the spill are significantly different with the ones obtained on the spill event date. The result at the non-polluted (control) sites shows that 11 of the 20 BMVI values did not indicate significant change and remained statistically invariant before and after the spill date (p-value > 0.05). Therefore, it can be stated that, in this study, oil spills seem to result in biophysical and biochemical alteration of the vegetation, leading to changes in reflectance signature detected by these indices. Five spectral indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), adjusted resistant vegetation index (ARVI2), green near infrared (G/NIR) and green shortwave infrared (G/SWIR)) were found to be consistently sensitive to the effects of oil pollution on vegetation and hence could be used to map and monitor oil pollution in vegetated areas. 2016-01-05T11:52:33Z A late Pleistocene-Holocene multi-proxy record of palaeoenvironmental change from Still Bay, southern Cape coast, South Africa http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33516 Title: A late Pleistocene-Holocene multi-proxy record of palaeoenvironmental change from Still Bay, southern Cape coast, South Africa Authors: Quick, L. J.; Carr, Andrew S.; Meadows, M. E.; Boom, Arnoud; Bateman, M. D.; Roberts, D. L.; Reimer, P. J.; Chase, B. M. Abstract: The southern Cape is a key focus for southern Africa palaeoenvironmental research as it represents the transitional region between temperate westerlies and sub-tropical rainfall sources. This study presents pollen, plant biomarker, geochemical and charcoal data preserved in the Rietvlei wetland. The bulk of the record spans the last 16 kyr, but it also provides rare insights into late MIS 3 (c. 35-30k cal a BP). The data suggest that during the Pleistocene the development and permanence of this wetland was likely influenced by sea-level change via control on the local water table; notably lower sea levels within MIS 2 resulted in very limited wetland productivity. The MIS 3 section provides evidence both supporting previous suggestions of relatively humid conditions, but also some indication of periodic arid phases. The Holocene record suggests clear contrasts between the early (11-7k cal a BP – relatively humid), mid-Holocene (7-3.3k cal a BP; more arid, less productive wetland conditions) and latest Holocene (last 2k cal a BP resurgence in both fynbos and aquatic/riparian pollen). While isolating the roles of winter/summer rainfall remains challenging, these data clarify the nature of change during key episodes in the regional palaeoenvironmental record. Description: The file associated with this record is under a 12-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-820227.html. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. 2015-11-10T11:37:50Z Mapping CORINE Land Cover from Sentinel-1 SAR and SRTM Digital Elevation Model using Random Forests http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33509 Title: Mapping CORINE Land Cover from Sentinel-1 SAR and SRTM Digital Elevation Model using Random Forests Authors: Balzter, Heiko; Cole, Beth; Thiel, C.; Schmullius, C. Abstract: The European CORINE land cover mapping scheme is a standardized classification system with 44 land cover and land use classes. It is used by the European Environment Agency to report large-scale land cover change with a minimum mapping unit of 5 ha every six years and operationally mapped by its member states. The most commonly applied method to map CORINE land cover change is by visual interpretation of optical/near-infrared satellite imagery. The Sentinel-1A satellite carries a C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and was launched in 2014 by the European Space Agency as the first operational Copernicus mission. This study is the first investigation of Sentinel-1A for CORINE land cover mapping. Two of the first Sentinel-1A images acquired during its ramp-up phase in May and December 2014 over Thuringia in Germany are analysed. 27 hybrid level 2/3 CORINE classes are defined. 17 of these were present at the study site and classified based on a stratified random sample of training pixels from the polygon-eroded CORINE 2006 map. Sentinel-1A logarithmic radar backscatter at HH and HV polarisation (May acquisition), VV and VH polarisation (December acquisition), and the HH image texture are used as input bands to the classification. In addition, a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Canopy Height Model (CHM) and slope and aspect maps from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) are used as input bands to account for geomorphological features of the landscape. In future, elevation data will be delivered for areas with sufficiently high coherence from the Sentinel-1A Interferometric Wide-Swath Mode itself. When augmented by elevation data from radar interferometry, Sentinel-1A is able to discriminate several CORINE land cover classes, making it useful for monitoring of cloud-covered regions. A bistatic Sentinel-1 Convoy mission would enable single-pass interferometric acquisitions without temporal decorrelation. 2015-11-09T11:15:21Z Urban multiculture and everyday encounters in semi-public, franchised cafe spaces http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33495 Title: Urban multiculture and everyday encounters in semi-public, franchised cafe spaces Authors: Jones, Hannah; Neal, Sarah; Mohan, Giles; Connell, Kieran; Cochrane, Allan; Bennett, Katy Abstract: This paper engages with an emergent literature on multiculture and concepts such as conviviality and negotiation to explore how increasingly ethnically diverse population routinely share and mix in urban places and social spaces. As part of a wider ESRC funded, two-year qualitative study of changing social life and everyday multiculture in different geographical areas of contemporary England, this paper draws on participant observation data from three branches of franchised leisure and consumption cafe spaces. We pay particular attention to the ways these spaces work as settings of encounter and shared presence between groups often envisaged as separated by ethnic difference. Our findings suggest that corporate spaces which are more often dismissed as commercial, globalized spaces of soulless homogeneity can be locally inflected spaces whose cultural blandness may generate confident familiarity, ethnic mixity, mundane co-presence and inattentive forms of conviviality. Description: The file associated with this record is under embargo for 12 months from first publication. 2015-11-04T16:02:15Z 'You can't move in Hackney without bumping into an anthropologist': why certain places attract research attention http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33494 Title: 'You can't move in Hackney without bumping into an anthropologist': why certain places attract research attention Authors: Bennett, Katy J.; Neal, Sarah; Mohan, Giles; Cochrane, Allan Abstract: In social research some places and populations are disproportionately targeted by researchers. While relatively little work exists on the concept of over-research those accounts that do exist tend to focus on participant-based research relationships and not place-based research relationships. Using interdisciplinary approaches and fieldwork experiences from a recently completed qualitative study of urban multiculture in England we develop the over-research debates in three key ways. First, the notion of 'over-research' carries negative connotations and we reflect on these as well as the possibility of more nuanced readings of research encounters. Second, we develop a more relational analysis, in which place – the London Borough of Hackney – is understood to be an animating force in the research process. Third, we argue that our experiences of the research provide evidence that many of the participants in the project were adept and confident in their engagements with the research process. In this way, the article suggests, disproportionate research attention may foster not research fatigue but a more knowing and co-productive research relationship. 2015-11-04T15:16:56Z Multiculture and Public Parks: Researching Super-diversity and Attachment in Public Green Space http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33493 Title: Multiculture and Public Parks: Researching Super-diversity and Attachment in Public Green Space Authors: Neal, Sarah; Bennett, Katy; Jones, Hannah; Cochrane, Allan; Mohan, Giles Abstract: Situating itself in encounter and public space debates and borrowing from non-representational theory approaches, this paper uses data from the authors' 2-year Economic and Social Research Council research project to consider how local urban parks can work as sites of routine encounter, mixity, and place belonging. The paper explores how parks as green public spaces are important as sites of inclusive openness while the materiality of parks is a key dynamic in affective encounter processes. Parks can work as animators of social interactions, participatory practices, and place affinities across ethnic and cultural difference. The paper concludes that the concept of convivial encounter can be extended to incorporate the concept of elective practices - choosing to be in shared public space can generate connective sensibilities that are not necessarily contingent on exchange. In using parks as a lens to examine localities and diversity, the paper critically reflects on research practices for understanding and describing heterogeneous formations of multiculture and outlines how the project's research design and the fieldwork methods sought to carefully and appropriately undertake research with complexly different places and populations. Description: A 2 year embargo is placed on the file associated with this record by the publisher. 2015-11-04T14:48:49Z Evaluating sentinel-2 for lakeshore habitat mapping based on airborne hyperspectral data http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33247 Title: Evaluating sentinel-2 for lakeshore habitat mapping based on airborne hyperspectral data Authors: Stratoulias, D.; Balzter, Heiko; Sykioti, O.; Zlinszky, A.; Tóth, V. R. Abstract: Monitoring of lakeshore ecosystems requires fine-scale information to account for the high biodiversity typically encountered in the land-water ecotone. Sentinel-2 is a satellite with high spatial and spectral resolution and improved revisiting frequency and is expected to have significant potential for habitat mapping and classification of complex lakeshore ecosystems. In this context, investigations of the capabilities of Sentinel-2 in regard to the spatial and spectral dimensions are needed to assess its potential and the quality of the expected output. This study presents the first simulation of the high spatial resolution (i.e., 10 m and 20 m) bands of Sentinel-2 for lakeshore mapping, based on the satellite's Spectral Response Function and hyperspectral airborne data collected over Lake Balaton, Hungary in August 2010. A comparison of supervised classifications of the simulated products is presented and the information loss from spectral aggregation and spatial upscaling in the context of lakeshore vegetation classification is discussed. We conclude that Sentinel-2 imagery has a strong potential for monitoring fine-scale habitats, such as reed beds. 2015-10-13T09:55:44Z Characterizing bi-temporal patterns of land surface temperature using landscape metrics based on sub-pixel classifications from Landsat TM/ETM+ http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33246 Title: Characterizing bi-temporal patterns of land surface temperature using landscape metrics based on sub-pixel classifications from Landsat TM/ETM+ Authors: Zhang, Y.; Balzter, Heiko; Zou, C.; Xu, H.; Tang, F. Abstract: Landscape patterns in a region have different sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements, which contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape and are linked to the distinct behavior of thermal environments. There is a lack of research generating landscape metrics from discretized percent impervious surface area data (ISA), which can be used as an indicator of urban spatial structure and level of development, and quantitatively characterizing the spatial patterns of landscapes and land surface temperatures (LST). In this study, linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is used to derive sub-pixel ISA. Continuous fractional cover thresholds are used to discretize percent ISA into different categories related to urban land cover patterns. Landscape metrics are calculated based on different ISA categories and used to quantify urban landscape patterns and LST configurations. The characteristics of LST and percent ISA are quantified by landscape metrics such as indices of patch density, aggregation, connectedness, shape and shape complexity. The urban thermal intensity is also analyzed based on percent ISA. The results indicate that landscape metrics are sensitive to the variation of pixel values of fractional ISA, and the integration of LST, LSMA. Landscape metrics provide a quantitative method for describing the spatial distribution and seasonal variation in urban thermal patterns in response to associated urban land cover patterns. Description: The file associated with this record is under a 24-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy, available at http://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/sharing. The full text may be available in the publisher links provided above. 2015-10-13T09:51:58Z Spatial Variation of the Daytime Surface Urban Cool Island During the Dry Season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8 http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33245 Title: Spatial Variation of the Daytime Surface Urban Cool Island During the Dry Season in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, from Landsat 8 Authors: Rasul, A; Balzter, H; Smith, C Abstract: Differences between the energy balance of cities and their non-urban surroundings exist due to modification of surface properties. In temperate and sub-tropical climates, these differences are manifest as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. However in more arid environments man-made modifications of the environment can cause urban cooling relative to the surrounding landscape particularly during the dry season. This research examines the spatial formation of the daytime Surface Urban Cool Island (SUCI) effect of Erbil city in Iraq, as a case study of cities in semi-arid climates. Six satellite images acquired by Landsat 8 during the period from 1st July to 19th September 2013 are used to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST), identify Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) classes and investigate the spatial variation of LST and the SUCI intensity. In order to find out the key drivers of the observed patterns of LST, the relationship with wetness, brightness, bareness, built-up and vegetation index maps are examined. The results indicate that densely built-up areas, such as central districts of the city, green areas and water bodies, had lower LST acting as cool islands, compared to the non-urbanized area around the city. In contrast, the airport, open spaces and new low-density housing developments on the outskirts of the city, experienced higher LST and showed an SUHI effect. A very strong inverse relationship is evident between surface temperature and wetness index (r = −0.9; p < 0.01). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.75; p < 0.00001) is apparent with the brightness index. In contrast, between surface temperature and the greenness index a moderate negative correlation was found (r = −0.39; p < 0.01) for a typical dry season day. The results show that during the daytime residential areas in the city centre recorded an LST of 46.2 ± 1.74 °C. Urban Cool Island Intensity (UCII) of the city ranged from 3.5 to 4.6 °C compared to a 10 km buffer zone around the city. This study shows that during the dry season in some cities, such as Erbil, the surface wetness is the main determinant of the UCI effect, and not vegetation cover. 2015-10-13T09:46:30Z Rethinking the origins of homonormativity: the diverse economies of rural gay life in England and Wales in the 1970s and 1980s http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33032 Title: Rethinking the origins of homonormativity: the diverse economies of rural gay life in England and Wales in the 1970s and 1980s Authors: Brown, Gavin P. Abstract: This paper rethinks the origins of contemporary homonormativity. Through an analysis of archival material from a rural lesbian and gay social movement from the 1970s, it questions the common link between homonormativity and urban neoliberalism. The Gay Rural Aid & Information Network (GRAIN) provided support to lesbians and gay men living in rural Britain and/or who were exploring the possibility of leaving the city for rural life. The network consisted of a heterogeneous mix of lesbian and gay environmentalists and 'back-to-the-land' enthusiasts, older lesbians and gay men who had retired to the countryside, and rural-based gay activists. Drawing on archival material relating to GRAIN, this paper traces the diverse economic practices engaged in by rural-based lesbians and gay men in this period. GRAIN members engaged in a complex mix of diverse economic practices and relations, both as a means towards their goal of living more 'sustainably' and in order to fit in to the changing post-productivist rural economy. By acknowledging the ambiguous sexual politics of this counter-cultural social movement, the paper questions theorizations of contemporary homonormativity which locate its origins solely in relation to neoliberal socio-economic relations and subjectivities. 2015-09-09T10:23:20Z What are alternative education spaces - and why do they matter? http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32981 Title: What are alternative education spaces - and why do they matter? Authors: Kraftl, Peter Abstract: This article examines alternative education spaces: schools and other sites that offer children an explicit alternative to attending mainstream school in the United Kingdom. It is situated within burgeoning, diverse work on 'geographies of education', key approaches to which are outlined in the article. Subsequently, research undertaken at 59 alternative education spaces is used to exemplify how geographers examine both what happens 'within' and 'beyond' the school walls, at different spatial scales. The article offers an overview of a range of geographical (and other) processes that make alternative education spaces 'alternative', which includes their financing and physical layout, as well as their ultimate social and educational aims. Brief case studies from two learning spaces are offered to bring these processes to life. In so doing, the article prompts consideration of why alternative education spaces might matter – both to geographers and to the wider world. 2015-08-26T08:12:56Z Turning the Tide: How Blue Carbon and Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) Might Help Save Mangrove Forests http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32855 Title: Turning the Tide: How Blue Carbon and Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) Might Help Save Mangrove Forests Authors: Locatelli, T.; Binet, T.; Kairo, J. G.; King, L.; Madden, S.; Patenaude, G.; Upton, Caroline; Huxham, M. Abstract: In this review paper, we aim to describe the potential for, and the key challenges to, applying PES projects to mangroves. By adopting a "carbocentric approach," we show that mangrove forests are strong candidates for PES projects. They are particularly well suited to the generation of carbon credits because of their unrivaled potential as carbon sinks, their resistance and resilience to natural hazards, and their extensive provision of Ecosystem Services other than carbon sequestration, primarily nursery areas for fish, water purification and coastal protection, to the benefit of local communities as well as to the global population. The voluntary carbon market provides opportunities for the development of appropriate protocols and good practice case studies for mangroves at a small scale, and these may influence larger compliance schemes in the future. Mangrove habitats are mostly located in developing countries on communally or state-owned land. This means that issues of national and local governance, land ownership and management, and environmental justice are the main challenges that require careful planning at the early stages of mangrove PES projects to ensure successful outcomes and equitable benefit sharing within local communities. 2015-07-31T13:04:26Z 'Walking... just walking': how children and young people's everyday pedestrian practices matter http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32847 Title: 'Walking... just walking': how children and young people's everyday pedestrian practices matter Authors: Horton, J.; Christensen, P.; Kraftl, Peter; Hadfield-Hill, S. Abstract: This paper considers the importance of walking for many children and young people's everyday lives, experiences and friendships. Drawing upon research with 175 9- to 16-year-olds living in new urban developments in south-east England, we highlight key characteristics of (daily, taken-for-granted, ostensibly aimless) walking practices, which were of constitutive importance in children and young people's friendships, communities and geographies. These practices were characteristically bounded, yet intense and circuitous. They were vivid, vital, loved, playful, social experiences yet also dismissed, with a shrug, as 'just walking'. We argue that 'everyday pedestrian practices' (after Middleton 2010, 2011) like these require critical reflection upon chief social scientific theorisations of walking, particularly the large body of literature on children's independent mobility and the rich, multi-disciplinary line of work known as 'new walking studies'. In arguing that these lines of work could be productively interrelated, we propound 'just walking'-particularly the often-unremarked way it matters-as a kind of phenomenon which is sometimes done a disservice by chief lines of theory and practice in social and cultural geography. © 2013 Taylor & Francis. 2015-07-30T10:03:24Z Alter-Childhoods: Biopolitics and Childhoods in Alternative Education Spaces http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32845 Title: Alter-Childhoods: Biopolitics and Childhoods in Alternative Education Spaces Authors: Kraftl, Peter Abstract: In this article, I consider "alter-childhoods": explicit attempts to imagine, construct, talk about, and put into practice childhoods that differ from perceived mainstreams. I critically examine alter-childhoods at fifty-nine alternative education spaces in the United Kingdom. I analyze alternative education spaces through the lens of biopolitics, developing nascent work in children's geographies and childhood studies around hybridity and biopower. I focus on two key themes: materialities and (non)human bodies; intimacy, love, and the human scale. Throughout the analysis, I offer a limited endorsement of the concept of alter-childhoods. Although there exist many attempts to construct childhoods differently, the "alternative" nature of those childhoods is always muddied, complicated, and dynamic. Thus, the concept of alter-childhoods is useful for examining the biopolitics of childhood and for children's geographers more generally—but only when considered as a critical tool and questioning device. 2015-07-30T09:30:41Z Assets and Affect in the Study of Social Capital in Rural Communities http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32838 Title: Assets and Affect in the Study of Social Capital in Rural Communities Authors: Phillips, Martin P. Abstract: Shucksmith (2012) has recently suggested that rural research might be refreshed by incorporating theoretical insights that have emerged through a renewal of class analysis. This article seeks to advance this proposed research agenda by exploring the concept of asset-based class analysis and its association with the concept of social capital. The article explores connections between social capital, class analysis and understandings of community, noting how all have been associated with long running and unresolved debates. Attention is drawn to the problems of modernist legislative approaches to these debates and the value of adopting more interpretive perspectives. A distinction between 'infrastructural' and 'culturalist' interpretations of social capital is explored in relation to 'asset-based' theorisations of class and culture. It is argued that an infrastructural conception of social capital might usefully be employed in association with a disaggregated conception of cultural capital that includes consideration of emotion and affect, as well as institutional, objectified and technical assets. These arguments are explored using studies of rural communities, largely within Britain. 2015-07-29T13:15:10Z Children living with 'sustainable' urban architectures http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32824 Title: Children living with 'sustainable' urban architectures Authors: Horton, J.; Hadfield-Hill, S.; Kraftl, Peter Abstract: This paper considers the everyday geographies of children living in new large-scale urban developments in which multiple forms of 'sustainable' urban architecture are characteristic features. We argue that children's experiences of living with materialities, politics, and technologies of sustainability have too often been marginalised in much chief research on childhood, youth, and sustainability. Drawing on qualitative research with 8–16-year-olds living with materialities of 'sustainable' ecohousing, urban drainage, wind turbines, and photovoltaic panelling, we explore how sustainable urban architectures are noticed, (mis)understood, cared about, and lived with by children in the course of their everyday geographies. In so doing, we highlight the challenging prevalence and significance of architectural conservatisms, misconceptions, rumours, disillusionments, and urban myths relating to sustainable urban architectures. 2015-07-29T08:48:00Z


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Added by mchcashflow Subscribe 1
Published 15 Jul 2008
http://www.MCHCashFlow.com ASD (Ad Surf Daily) Cash Generator's Owner & CEO Andy Bowdoin has been a succes...
http://www.MCHCashFlow.com ASD (Ad Surf Daily) Cash Generator's Owner & CEO Andy Bowdoin has been a successful business owner for the past 45 years. He was involved in many of the major industries we use today before they were big. These include the cell phone industry, GPS industry, the Credit Card processing industry and he also was in management with Dale Carnegie and worked with Napoleon Hill (the writer of "Think and Grow Rich"). Andy Bowdoin recently had a company convention June 19th 2008. After the convention Andy was invited to the White House and had dinner with President Bush and Dick Cheney where they awarded Andy Bowdoin the Medal of Distinction for his contributions in business. Right now there are some negative comments about the company being legitimate coming from people who have not joined. They are screaming SCAM! Now I don't know everything but what I do know is someone who has been a successful business owner of 45 years, in very legitimate industries, a person who receives business medals from the President of the United States, will not end his career by opening an illegal business. I'm sorry but ASD has been around for over 2 years already and if the President gave medals to scam artists then we'd have much more to worry about. The company is legit and I invite you to do your homework to find out for yourself. http://www.MCHCashFlow.com Make It A Great Day! Mike Hobbs http://www.MCHGlobalSecrets.com/youtube.php

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Not much to say here except that this B list actor from a popular franchise apparently has a fascination with Tijuana Donkey shows
. He's obsessed….
It's as if someone from Clerks II (popular franchise??)liked a certain part of the movie a little too much? LoL!
Now I remember why I never read these.ReplyCancel
Some idiot from American Pie??ReplyCancel
Do I even dare look this up to see what it means?? I'm scared.ReplyCancel
burn that dude at the stake!!ReplyCancel
There are fetish videos of donkey shows… am not convinced it's an urban legend though I've never tried to watch one. I always suspect Jeremy Piven for anything that seems like it would involve some repulsive shriveled man atrophied by the full range and crippling strength of perverse sexual obsessions.ReplyCancel
There's been a disco-era version of Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream running in Boston for a couple of years now, called The Donkey Show, and of course I ALWAYS think of donkey shows when I see the ads… (Yes, the name was intentional, due to Titania's taking up w/Bottom–I only just read about that recently.) Carry on…ReplyCancel


text:
Interest Level
Grades 6 - 8
Reading Level
Grade level Equivalent: 8.3
Lexile® Measure: 1130L
Guided Reading: S
- Rain
- Oceans, Lakes, Rivers
- Water Cycle
- Snow, Ice, Blizzards
About This Book
Learn about the round trip between the ground and the atmosphere that has been traveled by water molecules for over four billion years in this photograph-filled, informative text. The author includes an index, a glossary, a section on her sources, and instructions on how to find out more about topics raised in the book.
Series Information
This series is the definitive collection of informational books for intermediate middle grade readers. Watts Library books span all subjects, including animals, space, American Indians, U.S. history, geography, cutting-edge sports, and more!
Series Features
• Maps, charts, and graphs created expressly for Watts Library
• Sidebars highlighting fast facts, quick biographies, and other extracted information
• Time line (in all social studies titles)
• Glossary
• "To Find Out More" (books, organizations, websites, films/videos, audio)
• "Note on Sources" (a note from the author describing his or her research materials and processes)
• Index
Items Added to Cart:
1 Paperback
2 Hardcover
1 Teacher's Edition
$48.99 Subtotal


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Gateway Bayern (Gateway Bavaria) - Interlibrary Loan
Network Portal "Gateway Bayern"
with Online Interlibrary Loan
with Online Interlibrary Loan
The Gateway Bayern is the union catalogue of the Bavarian Library Association (Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, BVB). In this catalogue, i.a. the collections of all Bavarian academic libraries and articles from around 21,000 journals are registered, which can be searched here within the framework of one query. The articles are accessible only to registered readers of the license-holding member libraries.
As a registered reader of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, you can use the Gateway Bayern for placing interlibrary loan orders for literature which is not available at any library in Munich.
Moreover, in dependence on the individual hit, you have the option to retrieve the electronic full-text version or to contact the direct delivery service subito.


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Ghostwave Audio is a project dedicated to providing signature expansion banks for software synthesizers and effects. Designed for studio-grade music, each product will inspire you and take your tracks to the next level. Continue ...
26.02.16 - Cellspace vol.3 has been released!
28.10.15 - Cellspace vol.1 & 2 updated
26.10.15 - Frozen Lifeforms for DUNE is now free!


text:
Misses' Robe with Tie Belt, Tunic, Top, Pants and Shorts
Very loose fitting robe has shawl collar and sleeve facing turned back to form cuffs. Very loose fitting tunic with long or short sleeves or top has extended shoulders. Pull-on pants or shorts, without side seams, have fold-back waistline casing with self fabric drawstring.
Item shipped worldwide.