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Libor probe wrangle
UK regulatory officials are pushing to ensure that the still-unfolding interest-rate-fixing scandal doesn't become synonymous with London's banking industry.
Nearly five months after the fierce public reaction to British banking giant Barclays's settlement of rate-rigging allegations with US and UK regulators, several other banks in Europe and the US are negotiating similar settlements. The banks face penalties for allegedly trying to manipulate the London interbank offered rate and other benchmarks.
The FSA, one of the agencies leading the probes worldwide, has told British banking executives and US regulators that it is worried about the appearance of having the first two banks that settle Libor-rigging allegations both hail from the UK.
However, some officials from the UK's Financial Services Authority have argued with other regulators that the next settlement shouldn't be with Royal Bank of Scotland, another British bank that has been under investigation in the scandal, according to officials in the banking industry, UK government and regulatory agencies.
The FSA, one of the agencies leading the probes worldwide, has told British banking executives and US regulators that it is worried about the appearance of having the first two banks that settle Libor-rigging allegations both hail from the UK, said the officials.
In the wake of a flurry of bad headlines about the British banking world, these people said, the FSA has voiced a preference to have the next settlement involve a bank from another country.
The FSA concern appears to have contributed to the delay in the announcement of a legal settlement with RBS, these officials said. Partly as a result, Switzerland's UBS currently is positioned to be the next bank to reach a settlement, although talks remain in flux, they said. RBS, which is 81%-owned by the British government, would then follow at a later date.
The FSA denied that it has resisted having a British bank be the next to settle Libor-manipulation allegations.
"The timetable is determined by the progress of the investigations and nothing else," said the FSA's head of enforcement, Tracey McDermott.
All this highlights the high stakes surrounding the scandal over banks' attempted manipulation of benchmark interest rates such as Libor, which collectively serve as the basis for interest rates on hundreds of trillions of dollars of loans and financial contracts. Authorities around the world are investigating more than a dozen banks on multiple continents for allegedly trying to manipulate the rates.
Only Barclays has settled the allegations so far, agreeing in late June to pay roughly $450m to US and British authorities. The settlement ignited a political and public uproar, due to a combination of Barclays's track record of regulatory run-ins and the involvement of top bank executives in the attempted manipulation of Libor. Within days, Barclays's chairman, chief executive and chief operating officer all announced their resignations.
Since then, the timing of subsequent bank settlements has been repeatedly delayed, and the probes have grown in complexity. Additional regulators in various countries launched their own investigations, making it harder to coordinate settlement negotiations across jurisdictions, according to people briefed on the investigations. The banks involved have been looking to settle with several regulators at once.
FSA officials felt blindsided by the fierce political and public reaction to Barclays's Libor settlement in late June, according to an FSA regulator who recently left the agency. Then a flurry of other scandals erupted involving UK banks. A US Senate committee accused HSBC of a vast money-laundering enterprise, and New York's banking regulator accused Standard Chartered of flouting US sanctions on Iran. Both banks denied the allegations but acknowledged some lapses.
That news—coupled with the fact that the organisation responsible for Libor, the British Bankers' Association, also is based in London—left the FSA wary of having a British bank be the next to settle Libor-rigging allegations, according to several officials.
"If a British bank settles next it could appear as if this is a London issue," said Giles Williams, a partner in KPMG's regulatory-services practice in London. "And this is not the case."
RBS executives had expected to reach a settlement by now. They have publicly expressed frustration that the settlement process is taking so long. The bank has dismissed a number of employees for trying to manipulate benchmark rates and said it expects to face a significant financial penalty. Earlier this month, Chief Executive Stephen Hester said that he would be disappointed if an agreement isn't reached by February.
"We ourselves stand ready to engage with any speed and any coordination that is possible," Hester said. "Obviously, the FSA is our global regulator in the sense it has been front and center of that process.…That's why we wait on them."
Some people briefed on the investigation said the delay reaching a settlement with RBS reflects the fact that regulators are still collecting information. RBS recently fielded requests for information from the FSA, and the US Justice Department in recent weeks approached about 10 RBS traders as part of its investigation, signalling the probes are still in progress, according to a person close to the bank.
UBS last year became the first bank to publicly disclose it was under investigation for attempted Libor manipulation. It subsequently reached a partial immunity agreement with some regulators in exchange for the bank's cooperation.
While the UBS settlement talks are continuing, they currently are further advanced than the negotiations with RBS, according to industry and regulatory officials.
-- Write to David Enrich at firstname.lastname@example.com and Max Colchester at email@example.com
Read more at The Wall Street Journal http://on.wsj.com/U1nen9


text:
Frankie BastekShared publicly -
» Rob Fore
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As in the Real World, Relationships are the Key to Making Money Online. by Frankie on November 23, 2011. in Featured, Make Money From Home.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fixed PriceBudget: $120
Start DateJuly 25, 2014
Translate a marketing website from English to Vietnamese.
Website size is around 50 pages.
Please use this as a reference: http://www.veet.co.uk
In addition to the content of the website - we would need to translate and localize the SEO metatags - for this there is a need for a good understanding of SEO.
Therefore, SEO experience including Keyword research is required.
The translator must be a Vietnamese native speaker, fluent in English and with a proven experience in Marketing oriented content.
Successful work will lead to other website translations as we have several projects that require translation.
Please let me know the effort estimation for a project in such a scale: http://www.veet.co.uk
Can you please provide cost for projects per word:
(1) Cost per word in a project up to 10,000 words
(2) Cost per word in a project up to 20,000 words
(3) Cost per word in a project up to 30,000 words
(4) Cost per word in a project up to 40,000 words
And- how much time in advance I'll need to inform you about the project of 30,000 words before the deadline.
Many thanks!
About the Client
Vienna 09:31 PM
Jobs Posted
46% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Total Spent
24 Hires, 0 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
125 Hours


text:
One arrested in west Erie drug task force search
One person was taken into police custody Wednesday night after the Erie County Drug Task Force served a search warrant at a residence in the 300 block of West 10th Street.
A male was arrested and taken to the Erie police station, authorities said.
The task force's search and investigation was assisted by Erie Police Department SWAT team members, Erie Police Chief Randy Bowers said.


text:
Ty Lawson scored 26 points, Andre Iguodala had 20 and the Denver Nuggets used a strong first three quarters to rout the Sacramento Kings 121-93 on Saturday night. Danilo Gallinari added 14 points for the Nuggets, who led 71-49 at intermission to set a season high for points in a half. They shot 62 percent in the first two quarters and had three players in double figures.
Lawson's 26 Points Lead Nuggets Past Kings 121-93
From NBA.com
Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories
Isaiah J. Downing-USA TODAY Sports


text:
The Ozzy Osbourne song "Goodbye to Romance" was covered by Schlong on the album " Back to Donut"
The Steely Dan song "Kid Charlemagne" was covered by Schlong on the album " Fish Booty"
Schlong songs that have been covered
None yet. Why not add a new one .
We don't have an image for Schlong yet. Why not upload one?


text:
The acquisitions of Nnamdi Asomugha and Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie by the Philadelphia Eagles suddenly make 2010 Pro Bowl cornerback Asante Samuel expendable.
With the list of optimal free agent cornerbacks quickly dissipating, the Detroit Lions have yet to make a significant addition to their secondary.
With former free-agent cornerback targets Jonathan Joseph, Chris Carr, and Richard Marshall all signing new contracts, Detroit would have to levy a trade to acquire any significant talent.
Will Detroit make a push for one of the league's preeminent cornerback talents?
That remains to be seen.
Here are five reasons that Detroit should propose a trade for Samuel.


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In the job market, your goal is the same as that of a salesperson – namely, get your foot in the door. Moreover, just as a salesperson relies on marketing documents to gather interest in his company's product, a job candidate uses a resume to persuade a hiring manager to meet with him. There is no one best resume format. But one format may be more effective in securing an interview than another, depending on the job applicant's employment status, employment history and career goal. For example, the chronological resume is a good choice for applicants who have been consistently employed over time in the same field as that of the job for which they apply.
Chronological Vs. Functional Resume
The main section of a chronological resume describes a job applicant's employment history by presenting, in chronological order, the work roles a candidate has held, beginning with the most recent role and working backwards. Typically, the applicant records the start and end dates for each work role as well as the role's primary activities. In contrast, a functional resume organizes a candidate's work history in terms of the candidate's functional skills, such as management, technical or sales skills. Unlike the chronological resume, in a functional resume the applicant presents his work history after his skills. In both chronological and functional resumes, a candidate documents his education and certifications at the end of the resume.
Primary Benefit of Chronological Resume
Job requisitions describe the preferred job candidate in terms of a job's description -- the functions a new employee will perform -- and the skills, education and experience that's required to effectively perform those functions. Companies screen resumes by performing a one-to-one match of the candidate's skills, education and years of experience in particular roles to those specified in the job requisition. The similarity in the types of content presented in a chronological resume to that presented in a job requisition might lead to a preference for the chronological resume by some companies and hiring managers. This is particularly true for organizations that screen resumes using applicant-tracking software that attempts to score a resume's contents according to its correspondence with a job's requirements and description.
Main Advantage of Functional Resume
Functional resumes effectively highlight a candidate's skills that may directly relate to the skills a company specifies in a job requisition, and not the work roles the applicant held, the number of years a candidate performed particular functions or the success of a candidate in progressing in his career. Consequently, the functional resume does not highlight job-hopping or gaps between jobs, but rather focuses on the transferable skills that a candidate offers the hiring company.
Proper Use of Chronological Resume
If a candidate's most recent experience mirrors that required by the job for which he applies, the chronological resume is a good choice. It is also a good choice if the applicant has consistently progressed in his career over time. This format also highlights the candidate's experience gained at particular employers that might be noteworthy for the company's business processes or employee training.
Appropriate Use of Functional Resume
The functional resume is a good choice if a candidate's employment history consists primarily of short-term positions or internships. A functional resume also hides gaps in a work history and frequent job changes. Applicants also use the format to highlight skills, and not jobs, in support of a career change and when beginning a career.
References (7)
- Boston.com: Chronological vs. Functional Resume
- University of California Davis: Recruitment Process/ Job Requisition
- Entrepreneur: Startup Hiring: The Basics of Pre-Screening Job Candidates
- The Ladders: Resume, Meet Technology: Making Your Resume Format Machine-Friendly
- Forbes: 6 Simple Steps to Fixing Resume Flaws
- Mt. Hood Community College: Chronological Resume vs. Functional Resume What ' s the Difference?
- Forbes: Is a Skills-Based Resume Right for You?
Photo Credits
- Digital Vision./Photodisc/Getty Images


text:
Steve Downie - Philadelphia Fire Department Warmup-Worn Flyers Jersey - Autographed
- Closing Bid: $420.00
|Number Of Bids:
|8 (Bid History)
|Bid Increment:
|Quantity Available:
|Listing Number:
|Open Date:
|Feb 19, 2014 05:00:00 PM EST
|Close Date:
|Mar 6, 2014 09:04:45 PM EST
|Listing Type:
BID HISTORYclose
|Mar 6, 2014 08:59:45 PM EST
|Mar 6, 2014 08:55:59 PM EST
|Mar 6, 2014 08:59:28 PM EST
|Mar 6, 2014 02:41:56 PM EST
|Mar 6, 2014 06:53:31 PM EST
|Mar 6, 2014 11:26:59 AM EST
|Mar 6, 2014 10:57:58 AM EST
|Feb 27, 2014 08:13:00 PM EST
The Philadelphia Flyers honored the Philadelphia Fire Department by wearing a commemorative jersey with the Philadelphia Fire Department crest during the warmup prior to the Flyers' 3-1 victory over the Colorado Avalanche at Wells Fargo Center on Thursday, February 6, 2014.
The Flyers on this night honored Philadelphia Firefighter of the year Brandon Mlodzinski as the "Virtual Community Teammate" for his service and acts of heroism.
The Flyers-MeiGray Group Game-Worn Jersey Authentication Program is proud to offer fans and collectors across the globe the opportunity to own a piece of history ... the actual warmup jersey worn and autographed by #9 Steve Downie of the Philadelphia Flyers during the tribute to the Philadelphia Fire Department on February 6, 2014 at Wells Fargo Center.
This orange jersey is a Size 54 and is registered into the Flyers-MeiGray Game-Worn Jersey Authentication Program as number K01889.
Proceeds from this auction will benefit Citizens for Fire Prevention Committee and Flyers Charities.
Each item was authenticated by a Flyers-MeiGray Group Game-Worn Jersey Authentication Program Director immediately after it was used. Each jersey has been security-tagged, serial-numbered, and registered into the NHL-MGG Population Report.
Shipping costs for this item are:
$20.00 USD within the continental USA
$35.00 USD to Alaska and Hawaii
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$50.00 USD to Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon
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$100.00 USD to Czech Republic
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All winning bidders pay shipping charges and are responsible for all tariffs, taxes, duties and any other additional costs associated with shipping inside or outside of North America.
For auction orders that are won from the same vendor within a 24 hour period, combined shipping may be applied. Please note, it is at the discretion of the respective vendor or team. If any discount on shipping is applied it will be reflected as a refund on your credit card. Please contact our customer service with your Order #'s so we can expedite your request.
All auctions on this site are conducted in US funds. To prevent fraudulent bidding, we require a valid MasterCard, Visa or American Express credit card to place a bid on any auction item. Discover Card as well as checks, money orders, cash and PayPal are not accepted. The credit card will be automatically processed to pay for the auction item if you are the winning bidder. If your credit card fails to process, we will contact you as a courtesy. However, after 5 business days of non-payment, we reserve the right to cancel the transaction.
Please Note: All auctions are conducted in U.S Funds.
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For product questions please email firstname.lastname@example.com. Please include the listing # which is found at the top of this page. All inquiries will be answered within 24 business hours. Your satisfaction is very important to us and we look forward to assisting you.


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Moderate Advancement
In 2014, Rwanda made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Rwanda secured funding to continue the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission Child Rehabilitation Program, provided funding for districts to implement child protection programs, created District Steering Committees on Child Labor in all 30 districts, and adopted a national anti-trafficking plan of action. The Government also participates in and implements several additional programs to combat the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. However, children in Rwanda are engaged in child labor, including in agriculture and in the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic service. Gaps exist in the Government's enforcement of laws on child labor, and social programs lack adequate safeguards to protect children engaged in domestic service.
Children in Rwanda are engaged in child labor, including in agriculture. Children are also engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic service.(1, 2) Table 1 provides key indicators on children's work and education in Rwanda.
Table 1. Statistics on Children's Work and Education
Working children, ages 5 to 14 (% and population):
16.1 (482,180)
School attendance, ages 5 to 14 (%):
Children combining work and school, ages 7 to 14 (%):
Primary completion rate (%):
Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2012, published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2015.(3)
Source for all other data: Understanding Children's Work Project's analysis of statistics from Demographic and Health Survey, 2010.(4)
Based on a review of available information, Table 2 provides an overview of children's work by sector and activity.
Table 2. Overview of Children's Work by Sector and Activity
Planting and harvesting cabbage,* coffee,* manioc,* peas,* pineapple,* potatoes,* sweet potatoes,* corn,* beans,* sorghum,* pyrethrum,* and rice* (1, 6-9)
Herding cattle* and caring for sheep,* goats,* and pigs* (9, 10)
Producing charcoal* (11)
Fishing,*† activities unknown (1)
Construction,*† activities unknown (12)
Digging pit latrines* (13)
Categorical Worst Forms of Child Labor‡
Commercial sexual exploitation sometimes as a result of human trafficking (18, 20-23)
Agricultural labor and domestic service as a result of human trafficking (18, 23, 24)
* Evidence of this activity is limited and/or the extent of the problem is unknown.
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182.
‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.
Children are trafficked internally in the country for domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation, and are trafficked externally for agricultural labor.(18, 23)
Although education is free and compulsory, in practice, the costs of uniforms, school supplies, and unofficial school fees may preclude some families from sending their children to school.(17, 25-28)
Rwanda has ratified all key international conventions concerning child labor (Table 3).
Table 3. Ratification of International Conventions on Child Labor
ILO C. 138, Minimum Age
ILO C. 182, Worst Forms of Child Labor
UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict
UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons
The Government has established laws and regulations related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 4).
Table 4. Laws and Regulations Related to Child Labor
Related Legislation
Minimum Age for Work
Article 4 of the Labor Law (29)
Minimum Age for Hazardous Work
Article 4 of the Labor Law (29)
Prohibition of Hazardous Occupations or Activities for Children
Articles 4 6 of Ministerial Order (2010-06); Kigali City Guidelines (2012-02); Mimuri sector child labor guidelines for sugar and rice production (30-32)
Prohibition of Forced Labor
Articles 8 and 72 of the Labor Law; Article 178 of the Organic Law Instituting the Penal Code; Article 51 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child (27, 29, 33)
Prohibition of Child Trafficking
Article 72 of the Labor Law; Article 28 of the Law on Prevention and Punishment of Gender-Based Violence; Articles 225, 251, 258 261 of the Organic Law Instituting the Penal Code; Article 51 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child (27, 29, 33, 34)
Prohibition of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Article 72 of the Labor Law; Articles 190, 211, 260 Organic Law Instituting the Penal Code; Article 51 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child (27, 29, 33)
Prohibition of Using Children in Illicit Activities
Article 72 of the Labor Law; Article 220 of the Organic Law Instituting the Penal Code; Article 51 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child (27, 29, 33)
Minimum Age for Compulsory Military Recruitment
Minimum Age for Voluntary Military Service
Presidential Order 155/01; Presidential Order 72/01; Article 50 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child (27, 35)
Compulsory Education Age
Article 47 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child (27)
Free Public Education
Article 47 of the Law Relating to the Rights and Protection of the Child; Twelve Years Basic Education (12YBE) policy (27, 28)
Rwandan law is not completely consistent with international standards regarding child labor. Children working in non-contractual employment do not have the same protections under child labor laws and regulations as children working in contractual employment.(29, 36, 37)
In addition to national-level regulations on child labor, the Kigali City Security Council also has guidelines on child labor.(31) These guidelines prohibit the employment of children in Kigali City as domestic servants, street beggars, porters, bar attendants, hairdressers, and dancers in clubs. It also prohibits using children to make pornographic productions, to sell drugs, and to replace their parents in paid employment.(31) In addition, the guidelines require local authorities to raise awareness of child labor and calls for a census at the local cell administrative level to estimate the prevalence of child domestic workers.(31)
The Government has established institutional mechanisms for the enforcement of laws and regulations on child labor, including its worst forms (Table 5).
Table 5. Agencies Responsible for Child Labor Law Enforcement
Ministry of Public Service and Labor (MIFOTRA)
Enforce labor laws, including laws on child labor.(8, 38-40)
Rwandan National Police (RNP)
Enforce criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor and operate a free hotline to report incidents of gender-based violence and child abuse, including child labor.(8, 41, 42)
Child Protection Unit
Investigate cases of child abuse, including the use of children in commercial sexual exploitation. Located within the Commission for Criminal Investigations of the RNP.(8, 43, 44)
Directorate for Anti-Gender-Based Violence
Assist victims of the worst forms of child labor through anti-gender-based violence officers. Located within the RNP, at each of Rwanda's 78 police stations.(12)
Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration
Receive referrals for trafficking cases and employ an anti-trafficking specialist.(42) Verify that children transported across the border are traveling with the permission of their parents or guardians.(8, 45)
Law enforcement agencies in Rwanda took actions to combat child labor, including its worst forms.
Labor Law Enforcement
In 2014, the Ministry of Public Service and Labor (MIFOTRA) employed 30 labor inspectors (1 per district) who work with the Rwandan National Police (RNP), under supervision of district authorities.(17, 38-40) At the national level, MIFOTRA employed two chief labor inspectors, who are supervised by the Directorate General in charge of labor.(12, 38) According to MIFOTRA, one labor inspector per district is not enough to conduct all of the necessary inspections.(46) The MIFOTRA reviews the performance of its labor inspectors every 6 months and provides them with training twice a year on identifying and investigating child labor violations.(12, 17) Labor inspectors hold quarterly district trainings on child labor issues for employers and local authorities.(12, 42) MIFOTRA provided labor inspectors with laptops and funds for Internet service. In addition, half of all labor inspectors received motorcycles and funds for fuel and maintenance.(12) Despite these improvements, MIFOTRA reports that many labor inspectors still lack transportation to carry out inspections.(42, 46) MIFOTRA also requires an annual report on activities from its labor inspectors and audits the disbursement of labor inspection funds to ensure that it matches appropriations.(12)
Inspections may be conducted without prior notice, and labor inspectors may issue warnings, which require correction of the violating condition within 7 days. Otherwise, the labor inspector may ask the authorities to temporarily close the establishment under investigation.(38) Law No. 13/2009 permits labor inspectors to enter workplaces only during normal business hours, even though ILO C. 81, which Rwanda has ratified, notes that inspectors should be able to enter workplaces at all times.(47) Labor inspection reports do not contain information related to the worst forms of child labor.(48) Data regarding child labor inspections, citations, and penalties are not publicly available.(17, 46)
Labor law enforcement agencies at the district level have also been reported to take actions to combat child labor.(49) Performance contracts signed between the President and district authorities also include targets for reducing child labor and increasing school enrollment.(12)
Criminal Law Enforcement
The RNP operates an anti-trafficking unit within the force's Interpol directorate that is staffed with 15 full-time officers.(12, 17, 18, 50) However, RNP officials report that the unit has insufficient officers to address the problem.(8) In addition, evidence suggests that some RNP staff members are not sensitive to the needs of child trafficking victims, and that some children found engaged in commercial sexual exploitation and market vending were detained in transit centers for months.(12) Some officials also lack awareness and training about the laws on internal trafficking.(8, 50) With support from Interpol, the RNP operates an office at the Kigali International Airport to combat trafficking in persons and it plans to open 13 more offices at border crossings.(12, 51) During the reporting period, the RNP and the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF) expanded training and outreach on trafficking in persons to encourage collaboration with investigators.(17)
The Government continued to operate a network of 15 "One-Stop" centers in hospitals and district capitals for victims of gender-based violence and trafficking, including those who have experienced child domestic servitude, commercial sexual exploitation, and forced labor. These centers provide medical exams, counseling, legal assistance, short-term shelter, and police assistance.(18) In 2014, the RNP referred some child domestic workers and children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation to "One-Stop" centers for police assistance, legal aid, shelter, medical exams, and counseling.(12, 17) Within villages, citizens can report instances of child labor to the RNP or to a local volunteer officer in charge of social affairs. If the officer cannot resolve the problem, it may be referred to the village leader, who in turn may contact the RNP.(42) Although the RNP operates a free hotline staffed by social workers to report incidences of gender-based violence and child abuse, including child labor, it is unknown how many of these complaints were related to child labor.(18, 41, 42)
From June 2013 to June 2014, the RNP arrested and referred 10 suspected human traffickers for prosecution, of which three were convicted under Articles 252 or 255 of the Penal Code and four were acquitted. Between June 2014 and February 2015, the RNP arrested 24 individuals suspected of being involved in human trafficking; of these, 6 were prosecuted, 4 convicted, and 2 acquitted.(18) Research did not find information about the punishments assigned in these cases, and it is unclear how many of these cases, if any, involved child trafficking crimes. The cases against 21 individuals remain pending judicial review or prosecution.(18)
The Government has established mechanisms to coordinate its efforts to address child labor, including its worst forms (Table 6).
Table 6. Mechanisms to Coordinate Government Efforts on Child Labor
Coordinating Body
Role & Description
National Advisory Committee on Child Labor
Coordinate government efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, review child labor laws, advocate for the inclusion of child labor policies in national development plans, oversee the implementation of child labor interventions, and conduct field visits to assess the prevalence of child labor and to raise awareness of child labor. Meets quarterly and includes representatives from MIFOTRA; the Ministry of Youth; the Ministry of Education (MINEDUC); the Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF); the Ministry of Local Government (MINILOC); the Ministry of Sports and Culture; the RNP; the National Human Rights Commission; the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (RDRC); trade unions; the ILO; UNICEF; the Private Sector Federation; and Winrock International.(12, 46, 51)
National Consultative Forum on Human Trafficking, Drug Abuse, and Gender-Based Violence
Enable national-level discussion of and coordination of efforts to address human trafficking. Chaired annually by the First Lady of Rwanda and comprises parliamentarians; representatives of MIGEPROF, the Ministry of Justice (MINIJUST), MINEDUC, and the RNP; NPPA prosecutors; NGOs; and faith-based and civil society leaders. Convened for the first time and adopted a national anti-trafficking action plan in October 2014; MIGEPROF was selected to coordinate implementation of the plan.(18)
National Commission for Children (NCC)
Monitor, promote, and advocate for children's rights; develop action plans to protect children from abuse and exploitation. Overseen by MIGEPROF and supported by a board of directors and an advisory council of 14 institutions.(12, 52-54)
Inter-Ministerial Committee on Child Rights
Coordinate and assess the progress of the Integrated Child Rights Policy (ICRP) and Strategic Plan in Rwanda. Mandated to meet at least once a year. Includes members from MIGEPROF; the Ministry of Health; MINEDUC; MINILOC; MINIJUST; and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning.(8, 12, 35)
National Commission on Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Monitor and protect orphans and vulnerable children in Rwanda. Composed of the NCC, MIFOTRA, MIGEPROF, and UNICEF.(8, 45, 55)
Child Labor Committees
Monitor incidents of child labor nationwide, through 149 local committees.(12, 51) In the case of Gender-Based Violence Committees, operate at the district level. In the case of Child Protection Committees, identify and report cases of child rights violations at the district, sector, and cell levels.(56, 57)
Friends of the Family (Incuti Z'Umuryango) Committees
Support child welfare and protection, combat child labor, and counter trafficking in persons through the creation of the national-to-village level reporting and social assistance structure.(17, 18)
Kigali City Council Task Force
Coordinate activities to combat child labor in the districts of Gasabo, Kicukiro, and Nyarugenge.(15, 57, 58)
The National Commission for Children (NCC) employed 19 staff members and coordinated child protection activities on a daily basis.(12, 52, 54, 55) The NCC appointed 10 National Protection Officers and 48 social workers responsible for child labor issues during the reporting period. Additionally, 320 child labor focal point volunteers were appointed at the village level to support these staff members.(17) During the reporting period, the NCC sent psychologists and social workers to 3 of Rwanda's 30 districts to address child labor.(51) The NCC had a budget of $2.4 million for 2014, which included $1.5 million earmarked for districts to implement child protection programs.(51) In 2014, District Steering Committees on Child Labor were created in all 30 districts.(59)
The Government of Rwanda has established policies related to child labor, including its worst forms (Table 7).
Table 7. Policies Related to Child Labor
National Policy for the Elimination of Child Labor (2013) and 5-Year Action Plan to Combat Child Labor
Aims to prevent at-risk children from entering exploitative child labor; withdraws children engaged in exploitative labor through the provision of education; rehabilitates former child laborers through counseling, life skills training, and medical care; raises community awareness on child labor; and establishes monitoring and evaluation mechanisms on child labor. Government committed more than $4.2 million to implement activities listed in the Policy and Plan.(8, 60-62)
Integrated Child Rights Policy and Strategic Plan (2011–2016)
Addresses all children's issues, including child labor. Guided by the principles that deem abuse, exploitation, and violence against children intolerable, and that the Government and caretakers are accountable for the well-being of children.(35, 63) In the case of the ICRP, prohibits child labor, and in the case of the Strategic Plan, provides $9,000 to MIFOTRA to develop timebound programs to eliminate child labor.(35, 63)
National Policy Against Gender-Based Violence (2011–2016)
Acknowledges that orphans and vulnerable children, including child laborers, are at increased risk of gender-based violence and outlines measures to provide assistance to such groups. Implemented by the Gender-Based Violence Technical Working Committee under the MIGEPROF.(64, 65)
National Employment Policy (2007)
Includes a set of integrated strategies for employment promotion and generation. Provides for youth employment programs, which include child labor issues.(46, 66)
Vision 2020 (2000)*
Aims to transform agriculture into a productive, market-oriented, and high- value sector. Calls for the protection of children and provides educational opportunities to children who drop out of secondary school.(42, 67)
National Social Protection Strategy (2011)*
Defines social protection and outlines social development activities to assist poor households, such as providing vulnerable children with grants and free education.(68)
National Youth Policy (2005)
Seeks to address concerns facing youth, including economic exploitation and education.(42, 69)
12YBE Policy*
Provides free education for 12 years and aims to improve access to education by hiring new teachers and building schools.(28)
Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (2013–2018)
Describes the social policies and programs necessary to promote growth and reduce poverty. Supports access to education and seeks to eliminate child labor.(70)
National TVET Policy (2008)*
Aims to establish a well-trained and adaptable workforce and provides educational alternatives to children who have dropped out of school.(71)
Girls' Education Strategic Plan (2009–2013)
Aims to improve access and quality of girls' education to prevent girls from engaging in the worst forms of child labor.(72)
UNDAF Rwanda (2013–2018)
Enhances government efforts to protect children from exploitation.(73)
Trafficking in Persons Action Plan (2014)†
Aims to improve government efforts to combat human trafficking through awareness raising, research, poverty reduction strategies, improved service provision, enforcement, and collaboration. Developed by the Consultative Forum on Human Trafficking, Drug Abuse, and Gender-Based Violence.(18, 74)
* Child labor elimination and prevention strategies do not appear to have been integrated into this policy.
† Policy was approved during the reporting period.
It is unclear how the Integrated Child Rights Policy (ICRP) and its Strategic Plan are coordinated with the National Policy for the Elimination of Child Labor and the 5-Year Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. In addition, current budget allocations may not be sufficient for the full implementation of the ICRP.(64)
In 2014, the Government of Rwanda funded and participated in programs that include the goal of eliminating or preventing child labor, including its worst forms. The Government has other programs that may have an impact on child labor, including its worst forms (Table 8).
Table 8. Social Programs to Address Child Labor
Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Commission (RDRC) Child Rehabilitation Program and Center
RDRC-operated center in the Musanze District of the Northern Province for former child combatants returning from the Democratic Republic of the Congo that raises awareness of child soldier issues and provides a 3-month course to former child soldiers, which includes counseling, education, recreational activities, and vocational training.(11, 12, 35, 50) In 2014, the Government secured funding from the World Bank to continue the project.(75) The third stage of the RDRC program plans to help 3,300 child ex-combatants demobilize and reintegrate.(72)
Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea-Growing Areas (2013–2017)
USDOL-funded, $5 million, 4-year project implemented by Winrock International targets 4,090 children engaged in or at risk of entering exploitative child labor in Rwanda with a focus on the tea sector, and 1,320 vulnerable households for sustainable livelihoods promotion. With support from MIFOTRA, aims to train labor inspectors on child labor issues and develop and eventually operate a mobile-phone child labor monitoring system.(76)
Global Action Program on Child Labor Issues (2011–2016)
USDOL-funded project implemented by the ILO in approximately 40 countries to support the priorities of the Roadmap for Achieving the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor by 2016 established by the Hague Global Child Labor Conference in 2010. Aims to build the capacity of the Government and develop strategic policies to address the elimination of child labor in Rwanda.(77)
Child Labor Awareness Raising‡
MIFOTRA program to raise public awareness of the worst forms of child labor through radio shows, television announcements, and skits. Also implements awareness-raising campaigns to combat commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking in persons.(12, 18)
Friends of the Family (Incuti Z'Umuryango) Program
Government social assistance and reporting program launched in November 2014 to support child welfare and counter child trafficking and child labor. Trains volunteers to provide social services to families and children, as well as connect at-risk families to government support programs, while reporting children at risk for trafficking or forced labor to district governments and the RNP. Intended to identify child domestic workers and those subjected to other forms of forced labor. Establishing monitoring committees at the village, cell, sector, district, and national levels.(18)
Counter-Trafficking Program in Rwanda
Government program, with support from the IOM, to raise awareness of human trafficking, train law enforcement officials and immigration officers to identify cases of human trafficking, and establish victim assistance and referral mechanisms.(78)
Positive Parenting to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Drug Abuse‡
MIGEPROF campaign launched in November 2014 that partners with churches and civil society organizations to teach parents and community leaders to recognize risk factors for human trafficking and to report identified victims.(18)
Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organization
Government program to combat human trafficking by collaborating with 11 East African countries to foster regional cooperation and build the capacity of East African law enforcement authorities.(79, 80)
Vision 2020 Umurenge Program*‡
Government cash and in-kind transfer program for child-headed households and street children.(8, 68, 81, 82)
Gitagata Center*‡
Government-operated center for former street children in the Bugesera District that provided education support, vocational training, and psychosocial counseling to street children, and when able to do so, reunites them with their families.(12, 83)
One Cup of Milk per Child Program*
EU-funded school feeding program that provides milk to children in nursery and primary schools.(55, 84, 85)
* The impact of this program on child labor does not appear to have been studied.
‡ Program is funded by the Government of Rwanda.
In 2012, MIGEPROF announced that it would begin phasing out Rwanda's orphanages and integrating children with families across the country. In 2013, MIGEPROF closed four orphanages.(8, 12, 86, 87) It is too early to determine the impact that the closing of childcare institutions will have on child labor. The Government aimed to place all children with families and transform existing orphanages into institutions to support children and families in 2014, but it was unable to meet this goal.(88)
Based on the reporting above, suggested actions are identified that would advance the elimination of child labor, including its worst forms in Rwanda (Table 9).
Table 9. Suggested Government Actions to Eliminate Child Labor, Including its Worst Forms
Suggested Action
Year(s) Suggested
Legal Framework
Ensure that relevant child labor laws and regulations apply equally to children working in non-contractual and contractual employment.
Revise Law No. 13/2009 to allow labor inspectors to enter workplaces outside of normal business hours.
Ensure that MIFOTRA and RNP have sufficient human and financial resources to enforce child labor laws.
Ensure that labor inspections meet international standards, including authority to conduct inspections outside of business hours.
Make information publicly available on inspections, violations, citations, and penalties related to child labor.
Increase training among enforcement officials on internal child trafficking and the rights of trafficking victims and children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation.
Disaggregate the number of complaints that relate to child labor to the RNP hotline.
Ensure that MIGEPROF and RNP provide training to staff on government-approved procedures for screening children and referring them to services.
Government Policies
Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into Vision 2020, the National Social Protection Strategy, 12YBE Policy, and National TVET Policy.
Allocate funds for the ICRP to ensure its implementation.
Social Programs
Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in construction and fishing to inform policies and programs.
Ensure that school costs, such as uniforms, school supplies, and unofficial school fees do not diminish the impact of the 12-year education policy.
Assess the impact that existing social programs may have on addressing child labor.
1.Winrock International, Forum for African Women Educationalists, and Netherlands Development Organization. Baseline Assessment on Child Labor in Seven Districts: Nyarugenge, Nyaruguru, Gicumbi, Nyamasheke, Rubavu, Kayonza, and Nyagatare. Kigali; November 2010.
2.UCW. Understanding Children's work and youth employment outcomes in Rwanda- Report on child labour and youth employment. Rome; June 2011
3.UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary. Total. [accessed January 16, 2015]; . Data provided is the gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary school. This measure is a proxy measure for primary completion. For more information, please see the "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" section of this report.
4.UCW. Analysis of Child Economic Activity and School Attendance Statistics from National Household or Child Labor Surveys. Original data from Demographic and Health Survey, 2010. Analysis received January 16, 2015. Reliable statistical data on the worst forms of child labor are especially difficult to collect given the often hidden or illegal nature of the worst forms. As a result, statistics on children's work in general are reported in this chart, which may or may not include the worst forms of child labor. For more information on sources used, the definition of working children and other indicators used in this report, please see the "Children's Work and Education Statistics: Sources and Definitions" section of this report.
5.Maarifa, N. Child Labor in the Tea Sector: Case Study of Nyamasheke, Nyaruguru and Gicumbi. Kigali, Winrock International; 2012.
6.ICF Macro. Child Labor in Agriculture in Rwanda. Washington, DC; January 2012.
7.Ngabonziza, D. "27 rescued from child labour." [online] 2011 [cited December 20, 2011]; [source on file]
8.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, February 14, 2013.
9.Winrock International official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. February 20, 2013.
10.Winrock International. Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH)- Project Document. Kigali; March 2011.
11.U.S. Department of State. "Rwanda," in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices- 2013. Washington, DC; February 27, 2014;
12.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, February 4, 2014.
13.RNP News. "Rwanda National Police calls citizens to combat child labor." [online] October 22, 2012 [cited February 18, 2013]; [source on file]
14.Human Rights Watch. "DR Congo: M23 Rebels Kill, Rape Civilians." [online] July 22, 2013 [cited January 9, 2014];
15.USDOL official. Rwanda Trip Report. Washington, DC; February 18-24, 2012.
16.AllAfrica. "Rwanda: Mining Co-Op Closed Over Employing Children." [online] August 20, 2011 [cited February 6, 2014];
17.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, January 12, 2015.
18.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, February 27, 2015.
19.Uwiringiyimana, C. "Child labour rampant among street children." [online] June 26, 2013 [cited February 6, 2014];
20.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 138) Rwanda (ratification: 1981) Published: 2012; accessed October 29, 2012;
21.Asiimwe, B. "Human trafficking racket busted." [online] April 16, 2012 [cited February 6, 2014];
22.Umutesi, D. "Rwanda: Who Is Behind Trafficking Young Girls Into Sex Slavery?" [online] October 2, 2013 [cited January 9, 2014];
23.U.S. Department of State. "Rwanda," in Trafficking in Persons Report- 2014. Washington, DC; June 2014;
24.UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. Concluding observations of the Committee on the initial periodic report of Rwanda, adopted at its seventeenth session (10 14 September 2012). Geneva; October 10, 2012. Report No. CMW/C/RWA/CO/1.
25.Gahene, A. "Children still subjected to labour in rural Rwanda." [online] April 3, 2010 [cited December 21, 2011]; [source on file]
26.Will Paxton, and Lillian Mutesi. School Funding and Equity in Rwanda: Final Report. Kigali, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research; September 2012.
27.Government of Rwanda. Law relating to the rights and the protection of the child, No. 54/2011, enacted June 25, 2012.
28.Government of Rwanda. Mapping Ways Forward: Planning for 12 Years Basic Education Kigali; June 2011.
29.Government of Rwanda. Law regulating Labour in Rwanda, No. 13/2009, enacted May 27, 2009.
30.Government of Rwanda. Ministerial order determining the list of worst forms of child labour, their nature, categories of institutions that are not allowed to employ them and their prevention mechanisms, No. 06, enacted July 13, 2010.
31.Government of Rwanda. Instructions of the Council of the City of Kigali City No 02 OF 29/04/2012 establishing mechanisms of prevention and fight against illegal child labour in Kigali City, enacted March 12, 2012.
32.Winrock International. Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH). Washington, DC; April 30, 2012.
33.Government of Rwanda. Organic Law Instituting the Penal Code, No. 01/2012, enacted May 2, 2012.
34.Government of Rwanda. Law on prevention and punishment of gender-based violence, No. 59, enacted September 10, 2008.
35.Government of Rwanda. Strategic Plan for the Integrated Child Rights Policy in Rwanda. Kigali; August 2011.
36.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No.138) Rwanda (ratification: 1982) Published: 2013; accessed January 9, 2014;
37.International, W. Labor Law Enforcement Assessment by Rwanda Education Alternatives For Children in Tea-Growing Areas (REACH-T); September 23, 2014.
38.Government of Rwanda. Ministerial Order determining the modalities of functioning of the labour inspector, No. 07, enacted July 13, 2010.
39.Kaitesi, M. "Rwanda: Govt Intensifies Fight Against Child Labour." [online] April 23, 2010 [cited February 6, 2014];
40.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Observation concerning Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Rwanda (ratification: 1980) Published: 2012; accessed October 29, 2012;
41.Rwanda National Police: RNP Strategies, Government of Rwanda, [online] [cited August 26, 2010]; [source on file].
42.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, January 18, 2012.
43.Rwanda National Police: Child Protection Unit, Government of Rwanda, [previously online] [cited August 26, 2010]; [source on file].
44.Rwanda National Police: The Criminal Investigation and Scientific Police, Government of Rwanda, [online] [cited August 26, 2010]; [source on file].
45.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, February 15, 2012.
46.Ministry of Public Service and Labor official. Interview with USDOL official. February 8, 2013.
47.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) Rwanda (ratification: 1980) Published: 2012; accessed October 29, 2012;
48.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) Rwanda (ratification: 2000) Submitted: 2011 accessed January 8, 2013;
49.Government of Rwanda. Action Plan Rubavu District 2012-2013. Kigali; 2012.
50.U.S. Department of State. "Rwanda," in Trafficking in Persons Report- 2012. Washington, DC; June 19, 2012;
51.U.S. Embassy- Kigali. reporting, February 26, 2014.
52.Child Protection: Rwanda, UNICEF, [online] [cited January 9, 2014];
53.Pamela Abbott, and Francesca Sapsford. Legal and Policy Framework for Children's Rights in Rwanda. Kigali, Institute of Policy Analysis and Research - Rwanda; July 2012.
54.National Commission on Children official. Interview with USDOL official. February 5, 2013.
55.U.S. Embassy- Kigali official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. March 6, 2014.
56.ILO. Sharing Innovative Experiences: Sucessful Social Protection Floor Experiences. New York; 2011. Report No. 1728-4171.
57.Winrock International. Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH). Washington, DC; October 31, 2012.
58.Winrock International. Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH). Kigali; October 2011.
59.Winrock International. Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea Growing Areas (REACH-T). Washington, DC; October 30, 2014.
60.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Rwanda (ratification: 1981) Published: 2012; accessed January 25, 2013;
61.Government of Rwanda. National Child Labor Policy. Kigali; March 2013.
62.Ministry of Public Service and Labour. "Rwanda: National Policy on elimination of worst forms of Child Labour officially launched." [online] June 11, 2013 [cited January 9, 2014];
63.Government of Rwanda. National Integrated Child Rights Policy. Kigali; August 2011.
64.UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Concluding observations on the third and fourth periodic reports of Rwanda, adopted by the Committee at its sixty-third session (27 May 14 June 2013). Geneva; July 8, 2013. Report No. CRC/C/RWA/CO/3-4*.
65.Government of Rwanda. National Policy against Gender-Based Violence. Kigali, Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion; July 2011.
66.Government of Rwanda. National Employment Policy. Kigali, MIFOTRA; December 2007.
67.Government of Rwanda. Rwanda Vision 2020. Kigali; July 2000.
68.Government of Rwanda. National Social Protection Strategy. Kigali; January 2011.
69.Government of Rwanda. National Youth Policy. Kigali, Ministry of Youth, Culture and Sports; 2005.
70.Government of Rwanda. Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2013-2018. Kigali; September 13, 2013
71.Government of Rwanda. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Policy in Rwanda. Kigali, Ministry of Education; April 2008.
72.ILO Committee of Experts. Individual Direct Request concerning Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, 1999 (No. 182) Rwanda (ratification: 2000) Published: 2013; accessed January 9, 2014;
73.Leoncio, D. Rwanda United Nations Development Assistance Plan (UNDAP) 2013 2018. Kigali; July 24, 2013.
74.Government of Rwanda. Consultative Meeting on Combatting Human Trafficking Action Plan; 2014. [source on file].
75.World Bank. Project Paper on a proposed additional credit in the amount of SDR5.8 million (US$8.97 million equivalent) to the Republic of Rwanda for the Second Emergency Demobilization and Reintegration Project. Washington, DC; April 7, 2014.
76.USDOL. Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea-Growing Areas (REACH-T). Washington, DC; 2013.
77.ILO-IPEC. Global Action Program on Child Labour Issues. Geneva; May 5, 2014.
78.Rwanda, IOM, [online] January 2013 [cited February 6, 2014];
79.Etukuri, C. "Kayihura hands over EAPCCO leadership." [online] August 30, 2013 [cited January 16, 2014];
80.Interpol. "EAPCCO meeting seeks to strengthen regional police collaboration." [online] September 11, 2013 [cited January 16, 2014];
81.Karinganire, ED. "Government involves psychologists to rescue street children." [online] May 28, 2012 [cited February 6, 2014];
82.Berglud, A. A Local Perspective of The Vision 2020 Umurenge Program and the Land Tenure Regularization Program; October 2012.
83.Bizumuremyi, I. The Mapping Exercise on Child Protection Programs in Rwanda. Kigali, Rwanda Civil Society Platform; April 11, 2012.
84.The Independent. "Rwanda: Mooing Away." [online] January 11, 2012 [cited February 6, 2014];
85.European Commission. MDG Initiative, [online] July 19, 2012 [cited February 6, 2014];
86.Murdock, H. "Rwandan Orphanage Closures Would Send Content Children to Uncertain Fates." [online] August 25, 2011 [cited February 6, 2014];
87.U.S. Embassy- Kigali official. E-mail communication to USDOL official. June 18, 2012.
88.UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Sixty-third session: Summary record of the 1794th meeting. Geneva; June 10, 2013. Report No. CRC/C/SR.1794.


text:
Extended mass layoffs by industry, second quarter 2008
August 18, 2008
Manufacturing industries accounted for 22 percent of private nonfarm extended layoff events and 19 percent of related separations in the second quarter of 2008. Manufacturing had 334 extended layoff events in the second quarter of 2008 and 56,212 separations.
Professional and technical services accounted for 5 percent of events and 12 percent of separations in the second quarter of 2008. These job cuts were due largely to seasonal layoffs in the tax preparation industry.
Layoffs in transportation and warehousing accounted for 10 percent of all events and 12 percent of separations and were concentrated in school and employee bus transportation.
These data are from the Mass Layoff Statistics program. "Extended mass layoffs" last more than 30 days and involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the second quarter of 2008 are preliminary and subject to revision. Additional information is available in "Extended Mass Layoffs in the Second Quarter of 2008," (PDF) (HTML) news release USDL 08-1146.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Extended mass layoffs by industry, second quarter 2008 on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2008/aug/wk3/art01.htm (visited October 01, 2016).
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Fifty years of looking at changes in peoples lives
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text:
Mayweather: Nobody Has Broken The Code To Beat Me
Floyd Mayweather Jr says there is no chance of him suffering the first defeat of his career at the hands of Robert Guerrero next month.
Mayweather, 36, served two months in jail for domestic abuse at the end of last summer but is now training hard ahead of his WBC welterweight title defence against Guerrero on May 4.
The American has won all 43 of his professional fights so far and is now being trained by his father, Floyd Mayweather Sr, once again.
And, when asked if Guerrero could beat him, Mayweather said: "No one has a blueprint on how to beat Floyd Mayweather Jr
"All 43 opponents had a gameplan, all 43 opponents came up short. No-one has found a way to break the Mayweather code.
"I don't think the layoff will hurt me. I've faced every style, so it's not hard for me to make adjustments.
"I have to go out there and see what game plan my dad has in store for me. My dad is back in camp and we're going strong. I felt like, in the Miguel Cotto fight, I got hit too much.
"My dad is back in my corner and my dad is the lead trainer but I'm also working with my uncle Roger. The Mayweather family as of right now have a good chemistry, and camp has been tremendous.
"We want a fighter like Robert Guerrero that is confident and that believes in his skills so I can be pushed to the limit, that's what it's about."
Castillo pretty much did. Clse fight can be argued either wayComment by hugh grant on 04-19-2013
Please can someone tell me why Floyd is the only one unbeaten of paper who goes around saying noone has the blueprint to beat me? Castillo beat Floyd unofficially. People say Floyd had a hurt shoulder? Welcome to the real…Comment by RAGALAC on 04-19-2013
It's ridiculous how bad everybody tries n discredits Floyd's career n wins no matter what he does.....even when he beat a dude with one shoulder n hurt hand lmaoComment by Kingjames6Flee on 04-18-2013
All of you are morons. The Castillo blueprint is to fight a mayweather with one good shoulder. One handed floyd is the only way. Yu guys give Castillo props for making it close when floyd wasn't even 100pct. Notice the…Comment by Capncrunch on 04-18-2013
[QUOTE=Reloaded;13264882]And I swear your full of **** , the first fight was close and Floyd was injured , he did the right thing and rematched instantly and won clearly , watch some more boxing kid , you make the same…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (118)


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CBNNews.com - JERUSALEM, Israel - Shin Bet (General Security Agency) chief Yuval Diskin told Security Cabinet members that the Gaza op has dealt a heavy blow to the Hamas infrastructure.
"[Hamas] has been hit like [it's] never been hit before," Diskin said.
Senior Hamas officials are in hiding, he said, and their ability to govern has been greatly diminished by the Israeli offensive.
"Many Hamas officials are hiding in mosques throughout Gaza on the assumption that Israel will avoid attacking Muslim houses of worship," Diskin said, but many mosques serve as weapons storehouses and command centers.
Many of the group's explosives factories and weapons labs have been decimated, as have dozens of smuggling tunnels along the border with Egypt.
According to the Shin Bet chief, Hamas operatives are working to repair the tunnels so they can evacuate senior officials to Egypt before they're arrested or killed by the IDF.
Source: Haaretz
Gaza: Hamas Violence Troubles Christians
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The Terrorists Funded by the WestBassam Tawil
The New Israel Fund and those who support it are helping terroristsRonn Torossian
Column one: Fighting fire with fireCaroline B. Glick
Op-Ed: There is no 'radical Islam' and there is no 'moderate Islam'Dr. Mordechai Kedar
'Narrow' escapesRuthie Blum
Why Palestinians Do Not Want Cameras on the Temple MountKhaled Abu Toameh
Social Media Killed My FatherYoni Kempinski and Ari Soffer
Iran's New Palestinian Terror Group: Al SabireenKhaled Abu Toameh


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The poinsettia is arguably the most recognizable and popular plant of the holidays.
With a bit of patience and regular care, you can keep it around for next Christmas. Start by giving the plants proper care now.
Put them away from drafts and in an area with at least 6 hours of indirect light, said Sid Mullis, director for the University of Georgia Extension Service office for Richmond County.
Water only when the soil is dry to the touch. Over-watering can easily kill the plant.
After the holidays, put it in a window. "It needs a lot of indirect light," Mr. Mullis said. "That's the biggest thing people do not do. That's why they start looking so pathetic - they don't get enough light."
Pick leaves off as they fade or wither. The plant may look bare, but the stems should still be healthy.
Prune the plant back to about 6-8 inches of the base in March or April, before the growing season starts. This will promote new growth. Fertilize with a basic house-plant fertilizer such as Peter's or Miracle-Gro every 2 to 4 weeks after blooming has stopped.
Poinsettias are tropical plants native to Mexico, so they can't stand a freeze. The plants can be placed outside for the light, but need to be brought in or protected in a garage or greenhouse if frost threatens.
After the last chance of frost, around March 17; they can be planted outside until fall. The night temperatures should be above 60 degrees.
Poinsettias should be repotted into the next size pot.
Ideal exposure would be morning sun and afternoon shade, Mr. Mullis said. It should be a protected area to survive. They will eventually grow accustomed to the direct sunlight.
An alternative is to bury the pot in the ground. The pot will retain moisture longer by being buried than it would sitting out above ground, Mr. Mullis said.
Through the growing season, new growth may need to be pinched back to keep the plant compact and bushy. If it is in a low-light situation, the stems may stretch toward the light. Be sure not to prune the plant after Sept. 1.
Poinsettias set buds in the autumn as the nights lengthen. Six weeks before you want the plant to bloom, begin giving it 14 hours of continual darkness to simulate a long night. Poinsettias tend to look better before their peak than after, so beginning the routine in the second or third week of October should provide a flowering, healthy plant at Christmas.
The plants also require 8-10 hours of bright light. October may not offer enough natural light, so a fluorescent or incandescent light can be substituted. The light is just as important as the darkness.
"That's where a lot of people fail," Mr. Mullis said. "They give it the darkness amount, but they don't give it enough sunlight."
Reach Valerie Rowell at (706) 823-3351 or email@example.com.
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Regional AirportsCosta Cálida
Airport Contacts in Costa Cálida
How to get in touch with Alicante and Murcia-San Javier Airports. With up-to-the minute flight information, links to bus, taxi, lost property and airport information...
- Spanish Airport Information (24/7) Tel: 902 404 704
- Real-time Flight Information (all daily flights to and from all Spanish Airports): Website
Below you will find the contact details for Murcia Airport (Murcia-San Javier) and Alicante Airport.
Murcia Airport Murcia-San Javier
|Murcia Airport Murcia-San Javier
|Tel: 968 172 000
|Murcia Airport online (in English)
|Real-time information on daily flight times
|Access: on the north shore of the Mar Menor in the district of Santiago de la Ribera, close to the town of San Javier.
|Parking: Public parking for 900 cars
|Airlines: flying to and from Murcia Airport
|Lost property
|Tel: 968 172 064
There is no longer a bus service to and from the airport; a taxi rank is situated at the airport.
Alicante Airport
|Alicante Airport
(El Altet Airport)
|Tel: 966 919 000
|Alicante Airport online (in English)
|Flight information
|Tel: 902 404 704
|Real-time information on daily flights
|Access: Alicante airport is 9 Km south east of Alicante city on the N-332 road between Alicante and Santa Pola, in Elche municipality
|Parking: Public and long term parking available
|Bus: Regular bus service from Alicante-Airport Line (C6). Alicante (line C6), Benidorm and Murcia
|Disabled: Alicante airport caters to wheelchairs, site impaired and hearing impaired travellers. Wheelchairs can be arranged with your carrier. The air company or travel agency should be contacted at least 48 hours before the flight out or return
|Lost luggage: Swissport
|Tel: 966 919 298
|Lost luggage: Iberia Handling
|Tel: 966 919 013
|Lost luggage: Jet2.Com
|Tel: 966 919 386
|Lost luggage: Aer Lingus, Air Europa, EasyJet, Edelweiss Air, Flybe, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Ryanair
|Tel: 966 919 060
|Airlines: flying to and from Alicante Airport
Airport shuttle bus service
A regular airport bus service runs from Alicante city centre to Alicante airport.
Sú Bús run buses from Alicante centre to Alicante Airport on line C-6 and line 93. Schedule details are available online.
- Click here then select "Aeropuerto" from the drop down menu.
- Select your line from the drop down menu at the top right of the screen.
- To check the timetable click on "Horarios then Salidos y frecuencias de la línea"


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I agree with you fully on Mike Miles. He is a face guy and nothing more. Couldn't manage himself out of a bag and the international performance under his leadership has been abysmal. Also agree that Jay's unit WAS a great one but is not anymore. They are losing contracts at an alarming rate (over $100m in healthcare contracts alone in the last year) and have not grown in several years. Again, in my opinion, his hand selected team are very poor and do not have the skill set to move this unit forward. There performance is in fact lagging behind Quill which has no sales team at all.


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Welcome Campers - Here's What We Have To Offer
Join us for five nights of camping for our four-race weekend with friends and family this NASCAR season! Camp Wednesday through Monday morning and enjoy four races as NASCAR's stars come to our Magnificent Mile and a Half.
With over 1,800 campsites in FOUR different campgrounds, don't miss the ease and affordability of camping within earshot of the world's greatest drivers leaving their best on the track. Plus, don't miss the exciting camper-only parties, music, giveaways and so much more!
Here's What We Have To Offer You When You Camp At Chicagoland Speedway
- Complimentary community Wi-Fi hot spots
- Complimentary newspaper delivery
- Campground entertainment
- Campground concessions and convenience store
- Welcome party and campground activities
- Dedicated guest parking and shuttle service
- You're close to the track and Champions Park with on-site shuttle service
- Campground amenities including complimentary shower facilities
- Free tow vehicle parking (One vehicle per parking spot)
- Papa John's Pizza will be available for campers
- Group areas
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Campground Appearances
TMNT Appearances
The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles will be making appearances at both the infield and GEICO (outside the track) campgrounds!
Grab your spot then grab a photos with the Heroes in the Half-Shell!
Time and site of the appearances to be revealed soon!
Gecko RV Park - Infield
GEICO Park Lower Ridge
GEICO Park Lakeside
GECKO RIDGE (also known as Speedway Ridge)
Buy CLS Camping
September Weekend
Chase Weekend - September 15-18
To purchase camping please call us at 888-629-7223 or follow the link of your choice below.
Purchase InfieldPurchase Lower RidgePurchase LakesidePurchase Gecko RidgePurchase Care-Free Camping
Camping Schedule
Wednesday, September 14
Campgrounds Open NOON
Movie Screening (Lakeside & Infield) 6 p.m. - 8 p.m.
Thursday, September 15
Welcome by CLS Staff – Infield and Lakeside Post-Race
Movie Screening (Infield & Lakeside) Post-Race
Friday, September 16
A Band Called River (Lakeside) Post Race – 11 p.m.
Saturday, September 17
Cartoons (9am - Lakeside/9:30am – Infield) 9 a.m. - 10 a.m.
15th Anniversary Party - Infield and Lakeside Community Areas 7 p.m. - 9 p.m.
7 p.m. A Band Called River (Lakeside)
Sunday, September 18
Post-Race Celebration – Community Areas Post-Race
Monday, September 19
Campers Departure – Thank You! 11 a.m.


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13 Comments
very nice +1
Funky fresh, definetly made for thhe club , ill give ya +1
nice design….maybe will look better in a black shirt…
thanks for the positive comments)
This work is very beautiful +1
sweet design +1
really like the colors :)
Please if you have time check mine out http://www.designbyhumans.com/vote/detail/61561
ok my friend)
TangYauHoong Artist from Malaysia
Looks great, very cool shirt!
Thank you very much
awesome =)
marialisa222 Human from United States
Its a perfect example of creativity and innovation but the base color is not complementing with the design and its colors.
room screen divider


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Making Sense of Memory Changes
Many people experience changes with memory as they get older. Some changes are normal, while other changes may be a sign of a memory loss disorder. It is important to understand the difference. If changes in memory or thinking are affecting every day functioning, a comprehensive evaluation is recommended.
What does your diagnosis mean and what's next? Understanding symptoms related to a particular diagnosis can help individuals and families cope with changes and plan for the future. Help is available along your journey.
Minority Outreach
Partnering with other institutions, community organizations and local churches allows us to share what we know about dementia risk factors among minority groups, including African Americans and Hispanics. Making healthy lifestyle choices may help reduce the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, which are significant risk factors for developing memory loss and dementia.
Other U-M Services
A variety of U-M services are offered to help individuals with memory loss and families cope with changes in memory or thinking at the time of diagnosis and beyond.
Silver Club Memory Loss Programs
Research Participation
Join us in the fight against Alzheimer's disease. Many U-M departments and programs offer opportunities to participate in innovative research studies. People living with memory loss or dementia, care partners, and healthy volunteers are needed for study participation.
The Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center conducts and supports innovative memory and aging research studies. If you wish to learn more about MADC research and our investigators, please visit our research page.
Your Wellness
The MADC Wellness Initiative seeks to ease the stress associated with care-partnering and living with memory loss. How? By offering wellness programs, training, and direct support.


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Dr. Alan Buss
Program Coordinator
Dept. 3374
Laramie, WY 82071
Contact Information
Dr. Alan Buss
Program Details
The Curriculum & Instruction PhD. Option in Science Education prepares students for productive careers in scholarly inquiry at research & outreach centers and universities. In an apprenticeship model, students study with a cadre of professionally active faculty to produce scholarly work, take advanced coursework in science education, collaborate with faculty on grants and research projects, and have opportunities to teach undergraduate courses in education and science.
The Science Education PhD option requires a minimum of 81 semester credits of coursework and dissertation hours. As many as 30 credit hours from a Masters degree program may be applied to the PhD program, subject to committee approval.
Courses must be taken in the following areas:
- Doctoral Studies (3 courses)
- Science Education Core (3 courses)
- Research in Science Education (2 courses)
- Research methods/Graduate Science Content (6 courses)
- Science Education Research Colloquium (1-6 credits)
- Dissertation (minimum of 6 credits)
For more details, please view the Science Education Program of Study Worksheet (pdf)
The standard residency requirement is a minimum of one (1) semester. The purpose and intent of a residency requirement is to provide close, collaborative teaching, research, and writing opportunities with faculty members. Summer terms will count toward this requirement. If personal circumstances will not accommodate a semester on campus in Laramie, contact the Program Coordinator for possible options.
Additional Expectations
In order to be successful, students need to demonstrate throughout the program an understanding of research methodologies, data analysis, and academic writing.
Although not necessarily available for graduate credit, the following activities are expected to be completed, as approved, monitored, and assessed by a students' committee, prior to defense.
- Completed, supervised teaching internship during graduate program (e.g., GTA)
- A total of 18 graduate hours in science
- Submission of a scholarly manuscript, judged publishable by the committee
- Presentation at a professional conference on scholarly work
This program will allow students to focus on one of three areas of science education: Earth and Space, Energy, and Environment


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Environmental Management Companies serving Kazakhstan
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
Category: Environmental Management ×
Industry: Banking & Finance / Insurance / Legal ×
Serving: Asia & Middle East ×
Serving: Kazakhstan ×
Salamandra Safety
based in Moscow, RUSSIA
Salamandra Safety is the world`s leading manufacturer and distributor of Aerosol Fire Extinguishers. An innovative and robust technology known as Aerosol Fire Extinguishing features outstanding extinguishing speed and stable result, easy installation and highest cost economy. It is invaluable for the projects where top quality, reasonable costs and fastest available ...
Wuxi Huanawell Metal Manufacturing Co., Ltd
based in Wuxi, CHINA
WUXI HUANAWELL METAL MANUFACTURING CO., LTD., was incorporated in 2012, specialized in the production of Fire Resistant Cabinets, Fire proof & Humid proof Cabinets, Fire Resistant Safes, Magnetic proof cabinets etc., as one of the professional manufacturers exclusively for sophisticated top-class Fire Resistant Filing Cabinets. We focused on the various safety cabinet, ...
Hill+Knowlton Strategies
based in Washington, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (USA)
H+K Strategies offers senior counsel, insightful research and strategic communications planning throughout the world. We have 83 offices in 46 countries, and our clients represent 46 of Interbrand`s 2010 Top 100 Global Brands. We view sustainability as a holistic approach that integrates environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations into corporate strategy so ...
Pacific Risk Advisors Ltd
based in Central, CHINA
Pacific Risk Advisors Ltd (PRA) is a risk management consultancy specialising in sustainability and ESG risk management needs of investors and operators in Asia. Our aim is to enhance the overall performance and value of a company or investment through managing and reducing non financial risks. These risks include regulatory compliance, operational and business, human ...
Environmental Academy - Middle East
based in Al-Salhiya, KUWAIT
The Environmental Academy is a leading institution in the field of HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) training and consulting. It's based in Kuwait, and operating all over the GCC and the Middle East countries.The Environmental Academy is proud to be associated with globally-recognized and prestigious names in HSE training and consulting. The Environmental Academy ...
based in Irving, TEXAS (USA)
eShipGlobal is an on-demand shipping solution (SaaS) that offers a complete and customizable HAZMAT solution to manage every aspect of the transportation of Dangerous goods -- from strategic sourcing to transportation execution to increase your velocity by enabling real-time collaboration, to freight audit to payment settlement. Our customers get savings with our solution ...
based in Alexandria, EGYPT
Quality Academy is an international accredited service company based in Alexandria/Egypt with core business devoted to quality and safety consulting, training, supplier audits, supply chain management, industrial manufacturing compliance (inspection) and automation, includes ISO Standards Certification
International Press Publication Inc.
based in Richmond Hill, ONTARIO (CANADA)
We have the largest selection of Directories, Almanacs, Yearbooks from Canada, USA, UK, etc. We supply directly to individuals, libraries, governments, foreign embassies, trade institutions, schools, colleges, and Universities. Our Publications on Environment Canadian Environmental Resource Guide Europa Directory of International Organizations Environment Encyclopedia ...
Anti-Slip Anywhere
based in Surrey, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
At ANTI-SLIP Anywhere, we have taken floor Safety to the next level, not only do we make your walking surfaces safe, we can do this task unlike most other single and even multi product companies around the world. We supply and install a variety of industry unique Anti-Slip coatings and related products for a wide variety of virtually all common walking surfaces such as ...
AquaBioTech Group
based in Targa Gap,, MALTA
AquaBioTech Group is a leading independent aquaculture, fisheries and environmental consulting, development, testing / research and training company operating throughout the world.
ifu Hamburg GmbH
based in Hamburg, GERMANY
ifu Hamburg GmbH (Institute for Environmental Informatics Hamburg Ltd.) is a software development and consulting company helping companies to achieve sustainable production and strengthen their competitiveness. We deliver software solutions that support corporate environmental tasks and activities such as Material Flow Management, Resource Efficiency, Life Cycle ...
PCE Instruments UK Ltd
based in Southampton, UNITED KINGDOM
PCE Instruments offers the most extensive and detailed range of precision measuring instruments. In our catalog we provide about 500 different types and models of high quality measuring equipment and test equipment to do tests and analysis of various physical, electrical, chemical and other parameters. You`ll find lots of equipment for monitoring, analysis, detection, ...
The McIlvaine Company
based in Nothfield, ILLINOIS (USA)
We are a market research company with more engineers and scientists than MBA`s, a publishing company which doesn`t accept advertising, a consulting company which doesn`t provide conventional services. But in one sentence: we are a knowledge bridge between supplier and end user. Each of our specialists concentrates on a niche and then uses this knowledge to assist ...
NSF International
based in Ann Arbor, MICHIGAN (USA)
National Sanitation Foundation, we changed our name to NSF International in 1990 as we expanded our services beyond sanitation and into global markets. The letters in our organization`s name do not represent any specific words today.NSF International for the development of public health standards and certification programs that help protect the world's food, water, ...
The EI Group, Inc.
based in Morrisville, NORTH CAROLINA (USA)
Founded in 1988 solely as an environmental consulting firm, EI's response to its clients' needs led to a natural progression for the company to widen its scope of services. As a result, EI began providing comprehensive consulting in areas including industrial hygiene, safety and occupational health. To further meet client needs, EI opened its Training and Compliance ...
WIH Resource Group
based in Phoenix, ARIZONA (USA)
WIH Resource Group provides clients with fully integrated solutions to day to day business challenges, solid waste & recycling issues, as well as transportation and logistical challenges. We offer creative solutions to solve complex business issues and solid waste transportation and disposal challenges for government municipalities, industrial companies, environmental & ...
based in St. Petersburg, FLORIDA (USA)
Industrial and Environmental Health and Safety Instrumentation: Air Sampling Pumps, Calibrators, Equipment, and Accessories. Colorimetric Gas Detector Tubes. Point Gas Monitors. Open Path Gas Detection. Sound, Noise, and Vibration Measurement Instruments. Real-time Dust Monitors. Flame Detectors.
ARCHIBUS, Inc.
based in Boston, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
ARCHIBUS is the 1 provider of real estate, infrastructure and facilities management solutions in the world, with annual expenditures for ARCHIBUS-related products and services exceeding $2.3 Billion (US). With ARCHIBUS, organizations use a single, comprehensive, integrated solution to make informed strategic decisions that optimize Return On Investment (ROI), lower asset ...
SGS - Climate Change Programme
based in Geneva, SWITZERLAND
Our services can help you whether you are eligible for the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), have a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project or simply want to report to one of the growing number of voluntary or state-based initiatives. Our climate change program will help facilitate your trade in GHG emissions. By promoting the standardization of verification procedures, ...
RESET Carbon
based in Hong Kong, CHINA
RESET Carbon is a carbon management company offering progressive climate change solutions for companies of different sizes, with a unique focus on Asia. Independent, dynamic and fiercely value-focused, we deliver professional carbon and energy management services to help organisations successfully measure, manage and communicate their carbon emissions.The team has over 15 ...
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Voter approval Tuesday of a constitutional amendment in New York authorizing seven full-scale casinos means Pennsylvania will be boxed in by states determined to keep gambling taxes at home.
New York already has had Native American-run casinos and slot machines at racetracks since 2004, the year Pennsylvania legalized casino gambling. But Gov. Andrew Cuomo is aiming for a bigger pot than the $823 million in gambling money the state won last year.
"[The] vote by New Yorkers to authorize casino gaming will keep hundreds of millions of dollars spent each year in neighboring states right here in New York," Cuomo said Wednesday in detailing how an expected $430 million in new gambling revenue will be distributed regionally.


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The long, national nightmare of not having football to watch on Sundays is finally over. The 2012 NFL season kicks off Wednesday night, and with that comes the arrival of the world's new favorite pastime: fantasy football.
By now, your league has had its draft, smack talk has escalated, and now it's time to prove which team is the best on the virtual field.
Only one problem: you still can't figure out who to start on Sunday.
Well, luckily for you, we're here to help. Follow along as we give you the position-by-position rankings for Week 1 of the NFL season.


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I is a special girl who was left in a box with my friend outside a store. We were both very thin and dirty. My Shelter Mom thought we were both going to be fine, but I lost my friend Ashlee. I am on a low dose of pred for insulinoma and has gained weight. I has 6 other bestest friends so large hammocks would greatly be appreciated. We all eat A/D and carnivore care, it's our favorite!
Shelter Mom can always use Gift Cards to Drs. Foster and Smith, Walmart and Walgreens. I use a ridiculous amount of pee pee pads, paper towels, garbage bags, dish soap!
Always need tubes to run thru as they wear out fast here! Go thru alot of ferretone as well
What I need most is money on vet bill!!!
Please Send Gifts to:
Oxford Ferret Rescue
The majority of the ferrets in the rescue are over 6 years of age and most have medical issues. What I need most is $ on my large vet bill!!! Also needed are gift cards for Walgreen, Walmart as I use alot of pee pee pads, laundry detergent, paper towels etc.
Vet Bills Can Be Paid At:
Keith Gold, Tammie Haskin and Chery Williams
Chadwell Animal Hospital
3004 Emmorton Rd
Abingdon MD USA 21009
My account in under both my name and Oxford Ferret Rescue.
Claire has a Santa.
Go Back To The Tree