text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 14, 2003
|Filing date
|Feb 11, 2002
|Priority date
|Jul 2, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Milton Bernard Hollander
|Original Assignee
|Milton Bernard Hollander
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (18), Classifications (46), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a division of application Ser. No. 09/605,330 filed Jun. 27, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,400, which is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending U.S. Patent Applications
Ser. No. 60/142,070 filed Jul. 2, 1999 "Measuring instrument with laser sighting",
Ser. No. 60/147,021 filed Aug. 3, 1999 "Measuring or treatment instrument with laser sighting
Ser. No. 60/154,591 filed Sep. 17, 1999 "Measuring or treatment instrument with laser sighting
Ser. No. 60/185,385 filed Feb. 28, 2000 "Variable laser beam projection"
Ser. No. 60/198,384 filed Apr. 19, 2000 "Measuring or treatment instrument with laser sighting"
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of measuring, controlling and treatment instruments, such as for example instruments for measuring the temperature of a surface at a distance, which utilise a laser-generated beam for the purpose of striking a surface or other target and thereby indicating to the user that the instrument is properly aligned. It is known in the art of laser-aimed instruments to project a single, i.e. central laser beam to create a spot of laser light on the target at a desired central point of the area of the target under investigation or treatment.
It is also known in the art of laser aimed instruments to utilise a beam splitting means which causes a single laser beam to be split into a plurality of beams which are, for example equally spaced about a central axis and at the same radium from the axis, so that a plurality of light spots are formed on the target around an area of the target and can serve to outline that area for investigation.
When a single laser beam is used for the production, by splitting, of a plurality of spaced beams to form a pattern on a target, there is a diminishing of the intensity of the split beams which become very much dimmer after a single generated laser beam is subsequently split, e.g. as by a diffraction beam splitter. Thus a single central beam may well be sufficient in intensity to illuminate a central spot on a target at a distance, but if that same single laser beam is split into, for example, twelve fractional beams intended for producing a pattern of spots of light on the target, the intensity of those fractional beams will be only about one twelfth of the single central beam. Thus, at a comparable distance from the laser the fractional beams may be difficult or impossible to see by the user of the instrument, particularly in poor ambient light conditions.
The invention further relates generally to the projection of laser beams for the directional aiming of apparatus, such as radiometer instruments, which may be used for ascertaining the temperature of a surface using infra-red measurement techniques, and more particularly to such apparatus which utilises a laser sighting device which is adapted to project one or more laser sighting beams onto a target for defining on the surface of the target an energy zone thereof, the temperature of which is to be measured.
It is necessary to be able to match the area-to-distance ratio is expressed as 20:1, it represents an energy zone diameter of one foot at a distance of twenty feet away at right angles. A less sensitive and less costly device may have an area-to-distance ratio of 6:1 where the diameter of the energy zone is one foot at a distance of six feet. The area of the energy zone is defined as where 90% of the energy is found and collected.
There can be times when the use of only a single laser beam is required, for example when it is desired to enter a measuring apparatus with the center of a surface to be investigated. There are also other instances where it is desired to define, on the surface to be investigated, points on the periphery of an area, such as a circle, and for this purpose there can be used a laser beam projector which is provided with a beam splitter device arranged to project, onto the surface to be investigated, a pattern of laser light spots arranged in, for example, a circle. Hitherto it has been necessary to utilise separate laser projection instruments for single-spot and multiple-spot projection systems, to permit the projection of any selected one of a number of multiple spot patterns.
It is accordingly a primary object of the invention to provide an improved laser beam aiming, guiding or sighting means, for use in conjunction with a measuring or control instrument, which permits changing of the production of the laser beam from a smaller number of beams to a larger number of beams, and vice versa, from time to time such that the smaller number of beams, which are of relatively greater intensity, permit the user of the instrument to see where the smaller number of beams is striking the target, and more clearly because of the relatively greater beam intensity, and subsequently to utilise the larger number of beams to online a desired area of the target, the general location of that area of the target being known to the user, even if the illumination by the larger number of beams is considerably fainter, because the user will have had the advantage of seeing the target area pinpointed by the smaller number of beams.
Another object of the invention is to provide a laser beam generating means, for use in conjunction with a measuring or control instrument, which permits changing of the beam production from a first state in which there is a single central beam of relatively greater intensity to a second state in which there is a plurality of fractional beams, of relatively lesser intensity, for example to outline an area of a target.
Yet another object is to provide beam splitter means which are readily movable at the will of the user for placing into and out of the line of a single laser beam.
Yet another object is to provide means for timed duration of projection of each display of laser beams.
Yet another object is to provide means for automatic alternation of different kinds of beam projection, such that the user has the target area essentially continuously and repetitively illuminated by the single central beam and the plurality of fractional beams defining an area of the target.
Yet another object is to provide the combination of a measuring, control, or treatment instrument and a laser beam projecting means having the characteristics set forth in the foregoing objects.
A still further object is to provide an instrument in which a switching means, serving to change the beam projection from a lesser number of beams to a greater number of beams, and vice versa, serves to cause projection of a number of beams which produce a desired pattern, which may be varied either at the will of the user, or from time to time automatically, or both, on a target area.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a device which permits aiming, guiding, or sighting of a beam or beams for purposes other than temperature sensing purposes, such as for decorative and/or entertainment purposes, or activation of apparatus, or for health treatments.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is a provided a laser generating means, for use in conjunction with a measuring, controlling or treatment instrument, which permits changing, manually or mechanically or electronically projected laser light from a lesser number, for example a single central beam, to a larger number of beams utilised to define an area of a target centered on the point defined by the single central beam.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a measuring instrument, for example an instrument for measuring the temperature of a target situated at a distance from the measuring instrument, which includes thereon a laser generating means as set forth in the preceding paragraph.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a beam changing means, for a laser-generating instrument, which is in the form of a separable attachment.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective elevation of a measuring instrument, for example a pyrometer, utilised for measuring, at a distance, the temperature of a selected area of a target;
FIG. 2 is a diagram to show a single central light spot which is produced in a first phase of operation of a beam-changing device on the measuring instrument, and also a circle of twelve circumferentially spaced light spots, of lesser intensity, produced during a second phase of operation of the beam-changing device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation of a laser light projector which can be made to project either or both a single beam, for location on a target, and a plurality of beams for creating a pattern or design on a target;
FIG. 4A are respectively a side elevation of a laser light projector, and a front elevation of a target therefor, in which the projector can be made to project both a single beam, for location of a "center" on the target, and a plurality of beams for operation of a locking system;
FIG. 5A are respectively a side elevation of a laser light projector and a front elevation of a target therefor, in which the projector can be made to project either or both a centering beam and a plurality of beams for providing a pattern on the target, say a theatrical stage;
FIG. 6 is a schematic elevation of a laser light projector which is used in surgical and medical fields for the accurate aiming of a single beam and the use of multiple beams for cutting, healing and other curative purposes;
FIG. 7 is a schematic elevation of a laser light projector system having two or more beam sources which can be aimed to cause the beams to coincide on a target to provide ranging of targets;
FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D are box diagrams to illustrate methods of carrying out the invention;
FIG. 9 is a side elevation of a known laser projection apparatus which, for convenience of handling, is made in the form of a "pistol";
FIG. 10 shows the formation on a target of a single laser beam "spot" which is centered on a target area or an energy zone represented by a circle in broken line;
FIG. 11 shows the formation on a target of a plurality of such spots located on a circle outlining the energy zone;
FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate a first embodiment of beam projection apparatus in accordance with the invention, FIG. 12 being a front elevation of a pistol-type laser beam projector and FIG. 13 being a side elevation of a first form of beam production member for engagement in the laser beam projector;
FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate a second embodiment of beam projection apparatus in accordance with the invention, FIG. 14 being a partial side elevation of a pistol-type laser beam projector, and FIG. 15 being a perspective elevation of a second form of beam production member for engagement onto the beam projector;
FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 are respectively perspective views of another embodiment shown in separated view, and in assembled view, using a push-fit adaptation instead of being threaded into the laser opening;
FIGS. 19, 20, and 21 are respectively perspective views of yet another embodiment;
FIGS. 22 and 23 are perspective views of a further embodiment, seen respectively in separated and in assembled condition;
FIGS. 24-25 and FIGS. 26-27 are respectively perspective views of two further embodiments.
In FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown a hand-held temperature measuring instrument, designated generally by reference numeral 1, intended for pointing at a target so as to determine, at a distance, the temperature of a selected target area. The instrument has a handle 2, selector switches 3 for changing ranges of readings, and a digital read-out screen 4 to indicate temperature.
At the front end 5 of the instrument there is provided a heat-sensitive device 6 which includes means for directing radiation from the target area onto a heat-sensitive element (not shown) within the instrument. Also on the front end 5 there is provided an outlet for a laser beam projector located within the instrument. Over the outlet there is positioned a slide 7 which has stops 8 and 9 which limit its movement in an up and down direction. In the slide 7 there is a first aperture 10 which, when aligned with the beam producer, permits a single central beam, of relatively high intensity, to be projected towards the target 11 as shown at 12.
In the slide 7 there is a second aperture 13 which incorporates a beam splitter serving to split the beam into multiple fractional beams 14 spaced evenly and circumferentially where they strike the target 11.
The slide 7 is arranged to be easily movable by the user of the measuring instrument, say by one finger of the hand holding the instrument.
In another embodiment, not illustrated, the slide 7 is replaced by a beam splitter which can be hinged or rotated into position over the laser beam exit.
Movement of the slide or other carrier for the beam splitter is obtained in further embodiments mechanically or electronically, as distinct from the manual forms shown.
In a further form, changing of the beam splitter means from single-beam to multiple-beams is obtained automatically on a timed basis, either as a one-off operation, or as a repetitive operation, so that in the latter case the user of the instrument will have an automatic change-over from a single central beam, for precise aiming, to multiple beams for illuminating or defining the target area. The timed basis, in a further embodiment, is made variable at the choice of the user of the instrument.
In a further embodiment, the relative lengths of the single-beam operation and of the multiple-beam operation are different, e.g. a short single-beam operation for aiming, followed by a relatively longer multiple-beam operation for defining an area of a target. In a still further embodiment, provision is made for spring-loading the beam changing means into a rest position, i.e. normally to provide a multiple-beam operation, but movable when desired so as temporarily to show the single aiming beam operation.
In different embodiments, the variation of the projection of the laser beam is to patterns rather than a plurality of dots, or to a circle of laser illumination, or a rectangle. The invention is particularly useful in circumstances where the ambient light on the target would make it difficult, or impossible, to see a pattern of individual laser light spots hitting the target area and particularly at a remote location.
In a preferred construction, the device which serves to change the nature of the laser beam has more than two settings, and is, for example, of a rotary nature, say in the form of a turret or knurled disc for ease of operation with the finger.
In still further constructions, substitutable heads are provided, each having different combinations of single-spot and multiple-spot configurations.
In a preferred embodiment, the switch or other control which serves to change the nature of the laser beam projection is a so-called "flip switch". In yet another embodiment, the means for changing the laser beam projection is a series of optical devices disposed on a rotatable turret.
In a still further construction, the pattern of laser light serving to define an area of the target is a continuous line, and there may be two or more such patterns, continuous or interrupted, defining for example an inner area and one or more outer areas of the target.
In yet another arrangement, means for determining the nature of the laser light aimed at the target is carried by a removable member, e.g. a snap-on or screw-on head for mounting on the body of the measuring instrument, or by magnetic fastening.
A primary use of the device of this invention is with a battery-powered hand-held measuring instrument intended for use in one hand.
Referring to FIG. 3 of the drawings a laser beam projector, for example of the kind described with reference to FIG. 1, and here shown schematically at 15, is arranged to project sequentially, at the will of the user, both a single central beam 16 which can be used to aim the projector in correct alignment with a central target 17; and then changed by switching, to provide a plurality of beams which are designated collectively at 18, which produces a pattern 19 on the target, e.g. the simple tree shape shown.
Referring to FIG. 4A of the drawings a laser beam projector, for example similar to the hand-held device shown in FIG. 1, is arranged to project selectively either a single central beam 20 for aiming and centering purposes, or a plurality of spaced beams 21 arranged in a circle, or any other desired pattern. The projector is intended for use in operating a locking and unlocking system, say for example a television set or a garage door. On the door, or adjacent to it, there is provided a receptor 22 having a plurality of light-sensitive switches 23 arranged in a circle or other pattern corresponding to the pattern of the projector. The user of the projector, such as a driver in a car, aims the projector, using the single brighter central beam, at a center 24 of the receptor 22 and then switches the projector to multiple beam operation, so that each of the switches receives an individual beam, causing the garage door to be unlocked. In other embodiments, different lesser numbers of multiple beams are used, and changed from time to time, so that the user has a "combination" lock which can be varied for greater security.
Referring to FIG. 5A of the drawings, a projector 25, capable of producing selectively either a single central beam for aiming purposes, or a plurality of beams, serves to permit accurate aiming of laser light in a single beam, to position the projector relative to a theatrical stage 26 by aiming at a point 27 on a part of the stage, and then at the will of the operator can project a pattern 27A or a human figure, e.g. a "ghost", at the desired point of the stage.
Referring to FIG. 6 of the drawings, a projector 28 is capable of producing a first single stronger laser light beam for centering purposes, and then a plurality of individual beams which are distinct, or merge to strike a defined area. The single beam 29 is aimed for example at a center point of an area to be treated, say a human eye 30, and the projector is switched to produce a plurality of beams 31 to serve for treatment of the visible area which they cover. In each of the examples described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6, it will be seen that the single central beam, or a plurality of a few relatively stronger beams, are used generally for aiming purposes, and that the larger plurality of relatively weaker beams are then used to provide a desired display on a target.
Referring to FIG. 7, a laser light projector 32 is here shown as a single item, but in a preferred arrangement it is provided in the form of two or more separate instruments suitably positioned and aligned. The projector 32 projects two or more beams 33 in a convergent pattern of which the beam angle can be varied.
Thus, with the beams 33 convergent at a first selected angle, there is a relatively brighter illumination of an aiming point 34 on a target 35, whereas with a different angle of projection of the beams 33 there will be a greater area of illumination of the target centered on the aiming point 34. As the change of angle will be known, the device can likewise be used as a form of range finder. The target 35 could be, for example, a marker let into a road surface or set beside a road, or a buoy for marine purposes, or a marker on an airfield. In each case, there is the advantage that laser light has a very much greater penetrative power than ordinary light, so that use, in mist, or smoke and other obscuring circumstances, is permissible.
Splitting of a single laser beam, used for example for centering and aiming purposes, into a plurality of subordinate beams, used for any of the other purposes described above, is conveniently obtained, in a further construction, by means of a diffraction grating form of beam splitter, but another form of splitter, such as multiple mirrors may be used.
The change-over from a single central aiming beam to a plurality of subordinate beams is obtained at a time and rate determined manually by the user, or obtained automatically by a timed sequencing arrangement in the projector, and the timing and sequencing are adjustable as required, for example by insertion of pre-programmed units into a receptor of the projector. Change-over of the single beam projection to multiple beam projection will, without other intervention, result in the subordinate beams being proportionately weaker than the single beam. In a further construction provision is made to compensate for the relative weakening of the subordinate beams, by arranging that the intensity of the "main" single beam is stepped up appropriately at the time of changing from single to multiple beam operation, preferably, but not necessarily, by the factor of the number of subordinate beams obtained.
Where a pattern of, say, twelve or sixteen "spots" is obtained by the use of a beam splitter, there will be a corresponding lessening of the intensity of the subordinate beams by that factor, and in order to permit the use of a relatively smaller laser, the subdivision of the single aiming beam is reduced, in a further construction, to a much smaller figure, say only six subordinate beams, with at the same time a change of aiming of the subordinate beams on a regular timed basis. For example, where twelve "spots" are required on a target, the laser projector serves to provide only six subordinate beams but at the same time causes them to be projected, as a group, alternately in a first position and then in a second position, or in rotated sequential positions angularly changed from the first position, so that to the user the illusion of twelve "spots" is maintained.
In further modifications of all of the embodiments described above wherein there is a change-over from a single (or multiple) "aiming" beam to a plurality of subordinate beams which define or outline an area or a pattern, the laser projecting means is arranged, mechanically or electronically, to carry out the change-over at a relatively very rapid rate, say twelve or more times per second, so that the strength of the beam can be at its full power, without diminution according to the number of circumferential "spots" or the pattern to be produced, and persistence of vision will enable the user to see the "spots" or pattern at "full" laser strength.
Referring now to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D there are shown a number of methods of carrying out the invention.
In FIG. 8A a single primary beam (or a relatively small number of primary beams) is or are generated, and the or each primary beam is then split into a number of secondary beams which are then projected to strike a target at predetermined fixed points (i.e. small areas) of the target.
In FIG. 8B a single primary beam (or more than one) is or are generated and the or each primary beam is then split into a number of secondary beams which are then projected in moving manner so as to strike the target at successive points of the target.
In FIG. 8C a single primary beam (or more than one) is or are generated and the or each primary beam is formed into a closed loop secondary beam, such as a circle, and the or each secondary beam is projected so as to strike the target. Where more than one such closed loop secondary beam is formed, e.g. circles, preferably one is placed inside another, e.g. concentrically.
In FIG. 8D a single primary beam (or more than one) is or are generated, and the or each primary beam is deflected successively to each of a number of small areas of the target, and particularly at a high rate sufficient to give rise to persistence of vision. In each of the above described methods, the primary beam (or beams) generated in the first box of the respective FIG. 8A, 8B, 8C or 8D is firstly directed at the target for aiming purposes, whereas the secondary beams generated in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C, and the deflected primary beam(s) of FIG. 8D, strike the target so as to outline an area of the target.
In further variations of the methods described with reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D, the pattern or number of small areas, or plural closed loop figures, defined on the target is made subject to variation in number and/or shape, at the will of the user, so as to result in a form of "coding", for example when the target has areas sensitive to laser light and certain ones of which need to be exclusively activated for operation of a mechanism such as a lock or machinery activator.
Referring to FIG. 9 of the drawings there is shown a side elevation of a known kind of pistol-type hand-held laser beam projector 101 which is arranged to project a laser beam 102 towards a desired target (not shown), the beam being of a slightly divergent nature so as to result in the formation on the target of a circular area or spot 103 which indicates visually to the user an accurate location on the target, for example a selected area of a heated surface.
Referring to FIG. 10 of the drawings there is shown a front elevation of a spot 104 as it appears centrally on the target, for example to permit the user to locate the spot 104 at the center of a target area 105
Referring to FIG. 11 of the drawings, it is useful to be able to define an area of a target by the use of more than one such spot, for example by the use of three spots 106 arranged on the periphery 107 of a target area. This target area may be, for example, a circle of one foot diameter at a distance of six feet. Where more than one spot is needed, say up to twelve or more, it is necessary to arrange that the single laser beam produced by the beam projecting apparatus is split into the requisite number of separate beams, and hitherto the change between single-beam and multiple-beam operation has necessitated either (1) the provision of separate beam projection devices each manufactured in such a manner as to produce always a single beam, or always a plurality of beams, as the case may be, or (2) the provision of capability of a beam projection apparatus to be dismantled for the removal of a single-beam projection lens system and the insertion of a multiple-beam projection lens system, having a beam splitter, after which the beam projection apparatus must then be re-assembled.
In the first instance referred to above, the user needs to go to the expense and inconvenience of having to provide and keep available two, or more, separate beam projection devices, and to use one or another according to need, which can be time consuming and inconvenient. In the second instance referred to above, the necessity to dis-assemble, modify, and re-assemble the beam projection apparatus necessarily militates against being able to make rapid changes from one kind of single-spot or multiple-spot arrangement to another.
Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13 of the drawings, the hand-held laser beam projector 101A has an internal laser beam production unit 108 which is disposed centrally within an internally threaded circular opening 109. Without any modification, the beam projector 101A will produce, through the opening 109, a single central laser beam which can be used, for example, in the manner described above with reference to FIG. 10. To permit the beam projector 101A to be used for the projection of a number of beams there is provided a beam production member 110 shown in FIG. 13. This member incorporates a known beam-splitter lens 111 which directs forwardly a plurality of beams 112, for use for example in the manner indicated with reference to FIG. 11 above. The beam production member 110 has a threaded boss 113 which is engaged and tightened by hand into the threaded opening 109, so that the change-over between single-beam and multiple-beam operation is a simple manual operation taking only a few seconds to accomplish. In another embodiment, not shown, the screw-thread on the boss 113 is omitted and the boss is dimensioned relative to the opening 109 so as to be a frictional push-fit therein, with or without a resilient collar or spring-loading to keep it firmly in place. Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15 of the drawings, the hand-held laser beam projector 101B has an internal laser beam production unit 108 which is disposed so as to project a single central beam through hole 115. In FIG. 14, the detector 122, lens 121 and opening 114 are shown in axial alignment.
Referring now to FIG. 15 there is shown, in perspective view, a beam production member 116 which is U-shaped, one leg of the "U" having an open-ended slot 118 which is formed to be a sliding fit over the neck 115A. The other leg 119 of the "U" has an opening containing a known beam-splitter lens 120 which, when the beam production member 116 is pushed fully into position by engagement of the slot 118 on the neck 115A, causes the beam-splitter lens 120 to be accurately centered on the axial line of the beam producer, again resulting in the production of a plurality of beams which can be directed onto the target to define an area thereof. Attachment and removal of the beam production member 116 needs only a simple hand operation taking only a few seconds. In further embodiments of the constructions of FIGS. 12 and 13, and FIGS. 14 and 15, they are made so as to permit a required adjustment of movement of the beam splitter lens towards and away from the beam source, for adjustment of the diameter of the circle of spots obtained. In another embodiment, see FIG. 16, the beam-splitter lens is carried in a circular support 127 made in resilient form, such as a lens cap, (FIG. 17) and inserted into the lens opening 123 in FIG. 16, as shown fully assembled in FIG. 18.
FIGS. 19, 20 and 21 show a further embodiment of an existing device wherein the beam-splitter 125 can be inserted directly over the laser production unit 124 by removing the protective snap-off cover 126 and quickly re-assembling the device as shown in FIG. 21.
FIGS. 22-23, 24-25, and 26-27 show respectively three further embodiments wherein the beam-splitter member 110 is separated from the laser projector, and again where the beam-splitter member 110 is installed in the projector and produces a plurality of beams.
For manufacturing and sale purposes, all of the removable and attachable beam production members of a like kind are selected for a particular supplier of radiometers so that the area:distance ratio referred to above is compatible with the performance of the radiometer, and so that the beam production member will fit the radiometer gun and outline the energy zone. In a further embodiment, the means for attachment of the beam production member is a resilient sleeve or collar, similar to a known slip-on pencil eraser, which can slide over a projection on the body of the gun, and in a still further embodiment includes a rubber bumper or boot to protect the lens, similar to a rubber lens cap.
In yet another embodiment, there are provided interchangeable extension links, having any of the disjointable securing means described above, to fit removably to the gun and be positioned between the gun and the beam production means so that all necessary varied kinds of splitting lens or lens system can be fitted at the distal end of the links and at any desired spacing from the gun.
The beam splitter has a diffraction element which in a first embodiment is a grid but which is preferably a diffraction lens made of a plastics material or of glass and fitted or molded into the beam production member which itself is preferably made entirely as a molding. The optics used in the beam production member provide a choice of different area: distance ratios so that the user is given the facility of selecting an optic which will be suitable for the characteristics, e.g. strength of laser, of the radiometer or other instrument on which he intends to use it. Further, the nature of the means of attachment of the device to the radiometer or other instrument is also varied, so that again the intended user can select a device suitable for the instrument on which he intends to use it.
It is a feature of the splitting of the laser beam that the greater the number of separate rays, i.e. "spots", the weaker will be the strength of each spot, so that there is a practical limitation when the spots become too weak to be useful. Higher grades of instruments, such as more sensitive radiometers, have a relatively stronger laser beam so that they permit the use of greater degrees of subdivision of the beam and thus a correspondingly greater number of spots. For example, better commercial grades of radiometer can capture sufficient radiation emitted by a hot target even at distances as great as 20 feet, and can permit the use of a larger number of beam splits, say up to sixteen spots on the target.
In further embodiments of the invention, the beam splitter is arranged to provide laser beam spots not only at the periphery of the target area, but also within the target area, for example at the center.
In a still further embodiment, the beam splitter is arranged to provide dots in shapes other than a circle, for example in the form of a cross.
In the examples of beam production member described above, in a further embodiment of the invention the lens or grid used to provide diffraction is positioned by snapping it into an internal groove of the body of the member.
In the commercial application of the invention, a stockist can carry a wide selection of the beam production members manufactured with different types of structure selected for fitting to a wide range of current radiometers on the market, and for providing a wide range of number of beam spots, say 3, 6, 9, 12 and 16, according to the power of the radiometer laser and the circumstances under which the instrument is to be used, and the purchaser would have the option of selecting for himself the number of spots which would be useful. The invention accordingly provides the great advantage of permitting upgrading of a radiometer at relatively very little expense. There is a factor, in the use of laser light by personnel, which entails provisions directed towards ensuring that eyesight is not damaged by exposure to too strong a beam. There are Regulations and standards which provide different classifications for a product capable of generating a laser beam. There are two laser product classifications that are used in industry in terms of, for example, infra-red temperature measurement:
1. Class 2: The laser power output of the de vice at 20 cm. away and 7 mm. aperture should be less than 1 mW. Wavelength range: 400 to 700 nano-meter.
2. Class 3A: The laser power output of the device at 20 cm. away and 7 mm. aperture should be less than 5 mW. Wavelength range: 400 to 700 nano-meter.
Clearly it is possible to remain within these respective limits by constructing the apparatus to have an appropriate maximum power at the target within those limits for each beam, but there can be circumstances in which the use of maximum legal power for each beam is desirable, e.g. for illumination of a target at a considerably greater distance from the laser, sufficiently for the user to be able to discern the centering on the targer and the definition of an area on the target. As mentioned above, when a single beam, or a small group of beams, is directed at a target, and that beam or small group is subsequently divided into a greater number of beams, for example for the bounding or defining of an area of a target, there is a corresponding numerical reduction in the power of each beam of the greater number of beams at the target.
That numerical reduction may result in the power at the target of each of the greater number of beams being insufficient for the purposes of defining the target area, particularly at a long distance from the laser, or in bright ambient light. In accordance with a further feature of the invention, a measuring or treatment instrument is provided with means for automatically reducing the power of the single beam, or of the components of the small group, so that each of the beams when it strikes the target is within the safety limit. When the change-over from a single beam, or small group of beams, to a larger number of beams occurs, the power is automatically increased, still within acceptable limits, to provide adequate illumination by the larger number of beams on the target area. By way of illustration, in an apparatus where a single centering beam is then switched to become twelve area-defining beams, the change of intensity of each area-defining beam could be upgraded by a factor of twelve. A similar degree of downgrading of power would occur when the area-defining beams are switched back to provide a single centering beam. Thus, although the power utilised at the target in providing the area-defining beams is perhaps twelve times that permitted for a single beam, there is nevertheless no risk of exposure of the eyes to a higher power factor.
Another way in which the power used in each beam, and particularly in the greater number of beams, can vary is to pulse the laser so as to have periods of being "on" and "off", or of lower average power and higher average power, alternately, with the result that a higher power laser can be used in a unit having average optical power output.
Change of the power utilised, from and into the respective factor, is obtained in a further embodiment of the invention by use of attenuator means. By way of example, such an attenuator, in one embodiment, is a member which is movable, say by sliding or twisting, by the operator or by a mechanism controlled by the operator, or set to operate automatically, so as to present different configurations such as patterns, or obscured and non-obscured areas, or areas having varied degrees of attenuation, in the path of the or each beam.
In another embodiment, the attenuator, such as an adjustable iris, is arranged to vary the focus and brightness of an optical device through which the beam, or beams, is or are passed. In a still further embodiment, the attenuator is linked to a beam-changing means so that when the number of subsidiary beams is increased, which would otherwise reduce their individual power proportionately, the power of the main beam, or beams, is increased proportionately. This may result in the original power output of the main beam or beams at the device being greater than the safety limits mentioned above, but the visible output of the apparatus at the target can still remain within the safety limits. In a further embodiment, such an attenuator is incorporated in, for example, a movable member such as a turret or slide linked to a manual change-over control of the apparatus, or actuated automatically and sequenced in synchronism with the sequenced changing over of the single beam to multiple beam operation. The laser light, in another embodiment, is passed through a shutter mechanism which may be automatic or manual. In further embodiments of the invention, the attenuator is a beam splitting system which permits only a portion of a beam to be transmitted, or else is a beam-strength-reducing arrangement such as a partially opaque screen, or an opaque disc centered in a beam.
It is a property of the combination of the human eye and brain that there is retention of a latent image for a short period of time, with the result that for example an illumination which is being pulsed "on" and "off" in sufficiently rapid succession, as in a movie film, may appear to the observer to be a constant illumination. This permits, in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, the use of a single aiming beam, or a small group of aiming beams, and also permits a number of area-defining beams to be used in a pulsed manner at a rate greater than the memory of the combination of eye and brain, whilst nevertheless giving to the observer an impression of continuous illumination of the target. In particular, where a plurality of separate beams are disposed along a circle or other area-defining figure, in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention they are caused to move step-by-step, or in continuous motion along the area-defining figure whilst being pulsed simultaneously or sequentially "on" and "off" at a rate, so that to the observer the area-defining figure remains constantly illuminated, as a result of the latent image effect. In this embodiment of the invention, for example, a laser of higher power than is otherwise used in a single continuous beam can be pulsed so as to produce a plurality of beams, e.g. twelve beams each having a pulsing rate for one-twelfth of the time of a continuous beam. The viewer's eye retention will, in effect, cause the circle to appear as twelve brighter illuminated spots.
In accordance with further embodiments of the invention, the movement of the plurality of beams is obtained automatically, electrically or mechanically, or by manual actuation by the user of the apparatus, and the pulsing simultaneously and/or sequentially "on" and "off", i.e. the variation of strength is obtained by variation of power used to generate the beams, or by variation of the proportion of beam utilised, for example by a beam-splitting mechanism or a beam-directing mechanism such as a multiple-mirror system, or a masking device with areas of differentiated masking capability.
An aiming beam or beam array is useful in directing medical/surgical/dental/thermal measurement equipment for precise manipulation of remote treatment areas. These include lasers, X-rays, ultrasound, diathermy, cutting/drilling tools, cautery, and injection tools. Precision material treatment tools can also be directed by visible laser light location either manually or automatically, and drilling, cutting, and burning tools and soldering and welding devices can be directed at very small targets.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 24, 1980
|Feb 9, 1982
|Telatemp Corporation
|Targeted infrared thermometer
|Mar 10, 1982
|Jan 22, 1985
|Everest Charles E
|Intra-optical light beam sighting system for an infrared thermometer
|Sep 17, 1993
|Nov 29, 1994
|Omega Engineering, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for measuring temperature using infrared techniques
|Nov 28, 1994
|Jun 11, 1996
|Hollander; Milton B.
|Method and apparatus for measuring temperature using infared techniques
|Nov 18, 1996
|Feb 6, 2001
|Minolta Co., Ltd.
|Projector and a measuring device provided with the same
|Jun 27, 2000
|Apr 23, 2002
|Milton Bernard Hollander
|Laser sighting beam modification for measuring or treatment instrument
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 14, 2002
|Feb 28, 2006
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Manufacturing method of microstructure, manufacturing method and manufacturing device of electronic device
|Dec 12, 2005
|Jun 24, 2008
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Manufacturing method of microstructure, manufacturing method and manufacturing device of electronic device
|Nov 17, 2003
|Feb 3, 2009
|Testo Ag
|Radiometer, sighting device for a radiometer and method therefor
|Nov 3, 2009
|White Box, Inc.
|Infrared thermometers
|Jan 8, 2013
|Byrne Norman R
|Electrical system with circuit limiter
|Jan 4, 2013
|Mar 25, 2014
|Norman R. Byrne
|Electrical system with circuit limiter
|Mar 14, 2002
|Sep 26, 2002
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Manufacturing method of microstructure, manufacturing method and manufacturing device of electronic device
|Dec 10, 2002
|Oct 2, 2003
|Hollander Milton Bernard
|Laser directed temperature measurement
|Sep 11, 2003
|Mar 11, 2004
|Hollander Milton Bernard
|Laser directed thermometer
|Oct 31, 2003
|Oct 7, 2004
|Fluke Corporation
|IR thermometer for automotive applications
|Nov 17, 2003
|Feb 10, 2005
|Testo Ag
|Radiometer, sighting device for a radiometer and method therefor
|Jun 26, 2003
|Apr 28, 2005
|Hollander Milton B.
|Temperature measurement
|Dec 1, 2004
|Jun 2, 2005
|Hollander Milton B.
|Infrared thermometers
|Apr 25, 2005
|Aug 25, 2005
|Hollander Milton B.
|Laser thermometer
|Dec 12, 2005
|May 4, 2006
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Manufacturing method of microstructure, manufacturing method and manufacturing device of electronic device
|Jun 28, 2005
|Aug 3, 2006
|Tdk Corporation
|Cartridge case and information recording medium
|May 5, 2009
|Sep 3, 2009
|Milton Barnard Hollander
|Multi-laser system
|Sep 14, 2005
|Mar 22, 2006
|White Box Inc.
|Laser sighting beam modification
|U.S. Classification
|359/618, 359/629, 374/121
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 13, 2004
Owner name: WHITE BOX, INC., A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT, CON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HOLLANDER, MILTON BERNARD;REEL/FRAME:014972/0332
Effective date: 20040126
|Apr 16, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 8, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 22, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 14, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 1, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20151014


text:
'Giant Panda Channel' Offers Round The Clock Panda Viewing Online
Internet users around the world are now able to watch live round-the-clock broadcasts of giant pandas living at a research base in southwest China's Sichuan Province.
Twenty-eight high definition video cameras have been installed at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding to record the daily activities of the more than 80 giant pandas living there. The national TV network China Central Television (CCTV) is providing the online broadcast, which started on Monday.
Visitors to the "Giant Panda Channel," or ipanda.com, can choose from six feeds, including the "Garden for Adult Pandas," "Kindergarten," "Nursery for Twins," "Mother and Child Playground," "No.1 Villa" and "Featured," according to their own preference at any time of the day.
CCTV signed an agreement with the Chengdu Research Base in April to launch the "Giant Panda Channel" and promote panda preservation.
Video Credit: Reuters
Feb 19, 2016 1:53PM
Feb 19, 2016 12:52PM
Feb 19, 2016 12:44PM
Feb 19, 2016 12:33PM
Feb 19, 2016 12:32PM
Feb 19, 2016 11:53AM
Feb 19, 2016 11:32AM
Feb 19, 2016 10:58AM
Feb 18, 2016 10:47PM
Feb 18, 2016 9:52PM

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This promotion is for Rewards members only. To take advantage of exclusive offers like these, join Office Depot® OfficeMax® Rewards now!
- Home /
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- Data Storage & Media
- /
- Hard Drives
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- External Hard Drives
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- Product Details
Toshiba Canvio® Connect 2TB Portable External Hard Drive, 8MB Cache, Black Item # 359732
Take your data on the go
- USB interface allows convenient connectivity.
- PC and Mac compatible to suit your office needs.
- Web access to your files allows simple use.
- Pocket-size design allows easy portability.
- 2TB of storage capacity provides ample room for your files.
Product Details
|Item #
|OfficeMax #
|Manufacturer #
|software included
|device connector type
|rotational speed
|5400 rpm
|storage capacity
|maximum data transfer rate
|5 Gbps
|0.6 in.
|System Requirements
|Available USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 PortOperating System(s): Windows 8; Windows 7; Windows XP; Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.6 or above); Mac OS X Lion; Mac OS X Mountain Lion
|Password Protection; 256-bit AES Encryption
|hard drive type
|hard drive
|drive connector type
|3.1 in.
|Product Line
|Canvio Connect
|package contents
|Canvio Connect Hard Drive; USB 3.0 Cable (works with USB 2.0); Quick Start Guide
|4.4 in.
|Product Name
|Canvio Connect Hard Drive
|buffer size
|8.11 oz
|Spindle Speed (rpm)
|brand name
|3.11" x 0.81" x 4.37"
|average read seek time
|Average Seek Time
|12 ms
|operating system compatibility
|Windows XP; Windows Vista; Windows 7; Windows 8
|BUS Powered
|Platform Supported
|Mac; PC
|form factor
|cache size
|warranty length
|2-year limited
|Show More ▾
Customer Reviews
Product Q & A
From the Manufacturer|
2TB Canvio Connect Portable Hard Drive - Black
The Canvio® Connect lets you store your files in a centralized place next to your computer, giving you easy access to your files whenever you need them – whether you are at home or away from home.
Get peace of mind knowing your data is protected. The included NTI Backup Now EZ2 software scans your system and offers customizable backup options for your computer. Choose between backing up your files and folders to the cloud3, backing up your files and folders to your Canvio® Connect portable hard drive, backing up everything saved on your computer, or choose all three for the most comprehensive coverage. Click the restore button and you can recover a file, folder, or your entire system. You can even schedule your backup to run automatically at any time and day – ensuring your files are always protected.
Secure your backup files with password-protected data encryption, (up to 256-bit), to help keep your backup safe and prevent unauthorized access.
Stay connected with your friends and family. Get the full Canvio® Connect experience with the Pogoplug® PC5. Leave your Canvio® Connect at home, connected to your PC and still have complete access to all your files, photos, music and movies on any computer, smartphone or tablet - anywhere, anytime5. You can even share massive files and folders instantly from your PC and Canvio® Connect with Pogoplug®. As an extra bonus, Canvio® Connect includes 10GB of free cloud storage5 for storing "always-available" copies of important files.
The Canvio® Connect is pocket-sized and easy to carry - yet able to store even the largest digital libraries with up to 2TB storage capacity. It also includes an internal shock sensor and ramp loading technology to help keep your drive safe on the go. Forget your files? No problem – the Canvio® Connect comes with file and folder remote access feature so you can access your files anywhere anytime via the internet5. You can even back up content from your mobile devices to the Canvio® Connect or to the cloud5.
Toshiba Canvio® Connect Portable Drives are preformatted NTFS for Windows® 8, 7, and Windows® XP. Plus, the drive comes with a NTFS driver for Mac® allowing you to store and access files from the PC and Mac® without reformatting4.
Store & Backup:
Store your files in a centralized place next to your PC or Mac
Complete backup solution for protecting your digital memories
Files & folder backup & restore:
Full system backup & recovery
Cloud-enabled backup
Schedule backups to run automatically
Secure your backups with password-protected data encryption.
Access & Share:
Access and share content from any device anywhere via the internet
Upload and download content from any device easily
Share massive files and folders instantly from your PC and Canvio® Connect.
Access content remotely from mobile devices5
Back up content from your mobile devices5
Pocket sized, easy to carry
Easy to set up and use:
Simple and intuitive user interface:
One connection set up
USB powered
Broad compatibility
Stores and access files from PC and Mac® without reformatting4
Peace of MindIncludes Toshiba 2-Year Limited Warranty
Color: Black
Capacity: 2TB1
Interface: USB 3.0 with up to 5Gb/s2 transfer rate
Rotational Speed: 5400RPM
Average Seek Time: 12ms
Cache Buffer: 8MB
Dimensions & Weight: 3.11" W x 4.37" D x 0.59" H; 8.11 oz
System Requirements6:
Formatted NTFS for Microsoft® Windows® 8, Windows® 7 or Windows® XP
Mac OS® X Snow Leopard (10.6.6 or above), Lion, and Mountain Lion with included NTFS driver for Mac®
Available USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 Port
In the box:
One Toshiba Canvio Connect Portable Hard Drive w/preloaded software
USB 3.0 Cable (works with USB 2.0)
Quick Start Guide
Two-year limited warranty
1 One Gigabyte (1GB) means 109 = 1,000,000,000 bytes and One Terabyte (1TB) means 1012 = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes using powers of 10. A computer operating system, however, reports storage capacity using powers of 2 for the definition of 1GB = 230 = 1,073,741,824 bytes and 1TB = 240 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes, and therefore shows less storage capacity. Available storage capacity (including examples of various media files) will vary based on file size, formatting, settings, software and operating system and other factors
2 The preloaded NTI Backup Now EZ software is compatible with Windows® OS only.
3 Free 30-day trial of cloud backup included.
4 Reformatting to HFS+ required for use with Time Machine® software.
5 Includes free downloadable copy of Pogoplug® PC with 10GB of free cloud storage. Internet connection required for remote access
6 Compatibility may vary depending on user's hardware configuration and operating system
Production Questions
- How can I back up my files on the Toshiba portable hard drive? expandContent
- Toshiba's portable hard drives, such as the Canvio Connect, are automatically connected to the cloud. This means that you can back your files up on the network. In the event that you would lose your files on your computer and on the portable hard drive (it could happen!), you would still have access to the cloud. This is one of the major benefits of the Canvio Connect.
Thank you for submitting your question
Question Guidelines
- Ask questions relevant to this product.
- Provide as much detail as possible in your question.
- Write your question in English.
- Avoid asking about price and shipping information.
- Do not use obscenities, offensive, or vulgar language.
- Do not include information about other products or websites.
- Do not include personal information such as phone number.
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Product Views
SuperSpeed USB (USB 3.1 Gen 1)
SuperSpeed USB delivers effortless audio/video streaming, music and photos to your home, office, car, and anywhere in between. SuperSpeed USB transfers data up to 5Gbps, up to 10X faster than Hi-Speed USB. SuperSpeed USB works with all USB products. It's backward compatible with USB 2.0.
USB 3.1 SpecificationThe USB 3.1 specification includes definitions for both 5Gbps (Gen 1) and 10Gbps (Gen 2) data rates:
- USB 3.1 Gen 1 – SuperSpeed USB (Products signal at 5Gbps)
- USB 3.1 Gen 2 – SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps (products signal at 10Gbps)
Note: The terms USB 3.1 Gen 1 and USB 3.0 are synonymous
What the Logos Mean to YouTo use the SuperSpeed USB logo and icons, products must pass USB-IF certification testing to ensure they are built to meet the USB specifications and interoperate with other USB devices. This means you can be confident that Certified USB products will work with other Certified USB products. This content is being provided for educational purposes only and does not imply that the associated product has been certified. To confirm if a device has been certified, visit the www.usb.org website or look for the Certified SuperSpeed USB logo on the product or product packaging.


text:
Bad So Lyrics(Intro)
Skeezy! Anyone Stein got shawty
Mi show me nob, yah mi show mi nobly
Put in thy rub and I put it off there
The mac can send me flog like a voalere
Them learn the hardware
To hospital, the misceny seeker, ah!
Me style shot like yami rooker, ah!
Them know how we get richer, ah!
Can't get mi all tell me priacher
Y'all e pum pum fitta, ah!
And yo call wid the Avol the Reapah, ah
Come, mommy, yard tick off yo slippa
Me come fro fierce life, tear somethin' bitta
Everything proper, ah, we hav a rich like a young money rappa, ah
But eh yu like e boss outfitta, ah
Diversity like clicka shotta, ah
Bod mind i'mma valata, ah
Me drop them like apple toppa, ah
No call for pipal, no squater, ah
NPR, ain't no halamatta, ah
(Hook 2x)
Stein, I make yo butt sore
I'm a much gal yo momma score
I'm all of the thing that you have sought
They tell them prison thy god sore
Come, come and make yo butt sore
Me joke thy gal me ar thy harpoon
Real cop gales, Rhianna cartoon
Me neva blew not even balloon
Stein a teach them like a class room
Stepping in my room, jar fitted, tal run
Bob thy yef, yng gal with one broom
Neva my gal me top my hart soon
I'm up thy new mix wit the Rhamoon
Je come thy zi Bruce Lee I blast through
Take gal to thy hotel room a half moon
Me wife pretty life like what's the scar boom?
Lamborghini, gotta my chiav soon
Lep, paparazzi, camera diaf soon
Tyal they get wet like in a bathroom
Skinny butt gal, nya off in my room
Tiar up, scua a ba bi thy ah room
(Hook 2x)
Stein, I make yo butt sore
I'm a much gal yo momma score
I'm all of the thing that you have sought
They tell them prison thy god sore
Si les paroles de 'Bad So' contiennent des erreurs, laisse nous un commentaire. On fera le maximum pour les corriger dans les plus brefs délais.


text:
Are you...?
If yes, click here to learn about BBB Accreditation.
This business is not BBB accredited.
J Salon LLC
Phone: (808) 550-4441 210 Ward Ave Ste 101, Honolulu, HI 96814 http://www.jsalon.com
BBB Business Reviews may not be reproduced for sales or promotional purposes.
BBB Accreditation
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To be accredited by BBB, a business must apply for accreditation and BBB must determine that the business meets BBB accreditation standards, which include a commitment to make a good faith effort to resolve any consumer complaints. BBB Accredited Businesses must pay a fee for accreditation review/monitoring and for support of BBB services to the public.
Reason for Rating
BBB rating is based on 13 factors. Get the details about the factors considered.
Factors that affect the rating for J Salon LLC include:
- Length of time business has been operating
- Complaint volume filed with BBB for business of this size
- Response to 1 complaint(s) filed against business
- Resolution of complaint(s) filed against business
Customer Complaints Summary Read complaint details
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|Total Closed Complaints
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See Trends in Complaints on J Salon LLC | View Complaints Summary by Resolution Pie Chart on J Salon LLC Complaint Type Pie Chart: Overview
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|Total Customer Reviews
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Additional Information
Licensing, Bonding or Registration
This business is in an industry that may require professional licensing, bonding or registration. BBB encourages you to check with the appropriate agency to be certain any requirements are currently being met.
These agencies may include:
State of Hawaii Department of Taxation
PO Box 1425, Honolulu HI 96806
Phone Number: (808) 587-4242
The number is W20196914-01.
DCCA Professional & Vocational Licensing
335 Merchant St STE 301, Honolulu HI 96813
Phone Number: (808) 586-3000
The number is BSH-3827.
DCCA Professional & Vocational Licensing
335 Merchant St STE 301, Honolulu HI 96813
Phone Number: (808) 586-3000
The number is BEO-13380.
Type of Entity
Limited Liability Company (LLC)
Business ManagementMr. Gary Casupang, Manager Mr. Joseph Randazzo, Manager
Contact Information
Business Category
Beauty Salons


text:
AKG CBL 99 - condenser boundary microphone especially for acoustic instruments, choir and ensembles, semi-omni pattern, 20Hz-20kHz, 130dB SPL max, 600 Ohms, 9-52V phantom power, 3m cable with XLR connector. Dimensions: 80 x 5mm. Colour: Black
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Offers include 24% Greek VAT and are valid as long as stocks last. Shipping costs to Greece are 20 EUR, free shipping on orders above 298 EUR. Please click here for international Shipping rates. We do not accept liability for typographical errors or inaccurate information of any kind. *RRP = manufacturer's / distributor's recommended retail price in Germany


text:
©IDG Communications, Inc. Photo contributed by Matthew Mikaelian.
Doing business in India is tough, but that has never stopped great entrepreneurs from building great companies in the past. And it will not stop them from doing so in the future.
Over the past year, those outside India have read headlines such as "Farewell to Incredible India", "India's economy: A BRIC hits the wall" and "Indian banks: Hold your nose". But what about those from within the country? To gain perspective from inside India itself, IDG Connect asked 185 IT & Business professionals based in India if they thought the country was failing, and the reasoning behind their answer. As of now, a majority (56.8%) say "No". This spotlight provides unique insight from professionals on the ground, and shows how much faith locals have in their economy and where they think things can be improved.


text:
Don't know your timpanist from your cellist? Get to know your national orchestra.
Music Director
Edo de Waart commenced his tenure as Music Director of the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra in 2016.
Renowned as an 'orchestral builder' with the enviable ability to transform orchestras into world-class ensembles, he is also Chief Conductor of the Royal Flemish Philharmonic, Music Director of the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra and Conductor Laureate of the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra…
Vesa-Matti Leppänen, Concertmaster of the NZSO was born and raised in Turku, Finland. After completing his studies at the Turku Conservatory and Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, Vesa-Matti Leppänen joined the Turku Philharmonic Orchestra, one of the oldest symphony orchestras in Europe…
British-born conductor James Judd began his tenure as Music Director of the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra in 1999 with a gala concert on 3 February, succeeding his predecessor Franz-Paul Decker. During his eight-year tenure at the NZSO's artistic helm he embarked on an unprecedented number of recordings with the orchestra for the Naxos label, including works by Copland, Bernstein, Vaughan Williams, Gershwin and many others…
Conductor Laureate
The late Dr Franz-Paul Decker was appointed the NZSO's first Conductor Laureate in 1995, a position he held until his death in 2014. This unique honour recognised his 40 year association as Guest Conductor, Principal Conductor, and Chief Conductor, and his significant influence on orchestral performance in New Zealand.
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text:
Skip to comments.Obama says his views on same-sex marriage are 'evolving'
Posted on 12/23/2010 12:42:20 PM PST by Enchante
click here to read article
Actually, benefits are not the main reason homosexual activists want "marriage". That's way down on their list. The main reasons are below:
From LA Times of March 12: ...
"Divided over gay marriage" by Roy Rivenburg Paula Ettelbrick, a law professor who runs the International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission, recommends legalizing a wide variety of marriage alternatives, including polyamory, or group wedlock. An example could include a lesbian couple living with a sperm-donor father, or a network of men and women who share sexual relations.
One aim, she says, is to break the stranglehold that married heterosexual couples have on health benefits and legal rights. The other goal is to "push the parameters of sex, sexuality and family, and in the process transform the very fabric of society." ... [snip]
An excerpt from: In Their Own Words: The Homosexual Agenda:
"Homosexual activist Michelangelo Signorile, who writes periodically for The New York Times, summarizes the agenda in OUT magazine (Dec/Jan 1994):
"A middle ground might be to fight for same-sex marriage and its benefits and then, once granted, redefine the institution of marriage completely, to demand the right to marry not as a way of adhering to society's moral codes, but rather to debunk a myth and radically alter an archaic institution... The most subversive action lesbian and gay men can undertake —and one that would perhaps benefit all of society—is to transform the notion of family entirely."
"Its the final tool with which to dismantle all sodomy statues, get education about homosexuality and AIDS into the public schools and in short to usher in a sea change in how society views and treats us."
Chris Crain, the editor of the Washington Blade has stated that all homosexual activists should fight for the legalization of same-sex marriage as a way of gaining passage of federal anti-discrimination laws that will provide homosexuals with federal protection for their chosen lifestyle.
Crain writes: "...any leader of any gay rights organization who is not prepared to throw the bulk of their efforts right now into the fight for marriage is squandering resources and doesn't deserve the position." (Washington Blade, August, 2003).
Andrew Sullivan, a homosexual activist writing in his book, Virtually Normal, says that once same-sex marriage is legalized, heterosexuals will have to develop a greater "understanding of the need for extramarital outlets between two men than between a man and a woman."
He notes: "The truth is, homosexuals are not entirely normal; and to flatten their varied and complicated lives into a single, moralistic model is to miss what is essential and exhilarating about their otherness." (Sullivan, Virtually Normal, pp. 202-203)
Paula Ettelbrick, a law professor and homosexual activist has said:
"Being queer is more than setting up house, sleeping with a person of the same gender, and seeking state approval for doing so. . Being queer means pushing the parameters of sex, sexuality, and family; and in the process, transforming the very fabric of society. . We must keep our eyes on the goals of providing true alternatives to marriage and of radically reordering society's view of reality." (partially quoted in "Beyond Gay Marriage,"
Stanley Kurtz, The Weekly Standard, August 4, 2003)
Evan Wolfson has stated:
"Isn't having the law pretend that there is only one family model that works (let alone exists) a lie? . marriage is not just about procreation-indeed is not necessarily about procreation at all. "(quoted in "What Marriage Is For," by Maggie Gallagher, The Weekly Standard, August 11, 2003)
Mitchel Raphael, editor of the Canadian homosexual magazine Fab, says:
"Ambiguity is a good word for the feeling among gays about marriage. I'd be for marriage if I thought gay people would challenge and change the institution and not buy into the traditional meaning of 'till death do us part' and monogamy forever. We should be Oscar Wildes and not like everyone else watching the play." (quoted in "Now Free To Marry, Canada's Gays Say, 'Do I?'" by Clifford Krauss, The New York Times, August 31, 2003)
1972 Gay Rights Platform Demands: "Repeal of all legislative provisions that restrict the sex or number of persons entering into a marriage unit."
[Also among the demands was the elimination of all age of consent laws.]
You hit the Fuhrer on the head. ROFLMAO
IOW he hasn't heard from Soros yet.
So much for being a Christian.
We may love the ssinner but we are not to support the sin...
That needs to be posted more often. It's key to understanding the homosexual agenda.
Imho, there were indications during his campaign that something was not right with this man or with his wife. I may be wrong, but it seems to me that this was a marriage of convenience, designed to present Obama as an acceptable candidate for president.
He's a pandering puke. Demagogue. Liar.
He has already supported infanticide, so anything he does now???
Rick Warren should come out against Obama. Really I think Rick Warren`s so called Christianity is in real doubt.
It certainly is. I put it together years ago from bits of this and that, if I had had any brains I would have made sure they all had dates, links if possible etc.
It's totally clear their goal is to destroy the family, morality, and society itself.
Yep. Ultimately they want to destroy America and hand all control to the highest bidder, under some kind of UN charade.
It's more along the lines of America is in decline, and they want to party it out, and take up all the possible wealth they can as it happens. Think about history: if one remembers correctly, the Emperors in the Roman Empire tried to party it out when it was all pretty much falling apart, and border city after border city was abandoned or taken. Rome even pretty much got handed over to various tribal groups multiple times as well (Visigoths, Vandals, etc.)
Zer0's strategy to repeal the Defense of Marriage Act is evolving. Once marriage is no longer recognized as unique to heterosexual couples, same sex marriage will be given equal status. This will then allow federal workers the same benefits for their same sex partners as heterosexual workers now enjoy for their partners. And gay members of the military will have full military benefits for their gay partners. This will guarantee that when ones partner comes down with AIDS, they will be covered by the government for the medical costs.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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The Lady Agnes Mystery: Volume 11304 The Church and the French Crown are locked in a power struggle. In the Normandy countryside, monks on a secret mission are brutally murdered and a poisoner is at large at Clairets Abbey. Young noblewoman Agn's de Souarcy fights to retain her independence but must face the Inquisition, unaware that she is the focus of an ancient quest.
$12.79Part two of the story of Agnès de Souarcy, a tale of intrigue set in medieval France. Agnès de Souarcy has survived the medieval Inquisition, but remains the focus of an ancient quest. Her protectors must battle with the powerful enemies of the quest who will stop at nothing to see it fail. 'Five women, in the centre the sixth' are the enigmatic words foretelling Agnes's destiny. But will she
$2.99When drifter Terry Carlton encounters the little town of Verdure in Arizona, he's only seeking some hospitality and shelter for the night, before moving on. But what he learns from his hosts, old man Marchland and his daughter Hilda, piques his curiosity. Their home, like all the others in town, is boarded up at night; the entire community is living in fear of four ghostly horsemen, who ride only
Robert Louis Stevenson: a Record, an Estimate, and a MemorialRobert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) may have traveled more than the characters in some of his critically acclaimed and world renowned novels. Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, and traveling writer who wore classics like Kidnapped and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Stevenson was so accomplished that he was a celebrity during his lifetime, and he left an influence on great writers who
Robert Louis Stevenson: a Record, an Estimate, a MemorialBiography of the author of Treasure Island. According to Wikipedia: "Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson ( 1850 - 1894), was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, and a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English literature. He was the man who "seemed to pick the right word up on the point of his pen, like a man playing spillikins", as G. K. Chesterton put it. He was also greatly
Brain Injury and Returning to Employment: A Guide for PractitionersThe multi-disability nature of acquired brain injury and its complex effects make the return to employment particularly problematic. This book provides a clear overview of the cognitive and psychological difficulties associated with brain injury and discusses how people affected by it can prepare for and remain in employment.
$35.99Macleod's Clinical Diagnosis is an innovative new book complementing its companion sister textbook, the internationally-respected Macleod's Clinical Examination. It is a practical manual of clinical assessment that describes how common presenting problems are evaluated and diagnosed in modern clinical practice. This book will be an invaluable resource for senior medical students and junior doctors
Narratives, Health, and Healing
Communication Theory, Research, and Practice
Routledge Communication SeriesThis distinctive collection explores the use of narratives in the social construction of wellness and illness. Narratives, Health, and Healing emphasizes what the process of narrating accomplishes--how it serves in the health communication process where people define themselves and present their social and relational identities. Organized into four parts, the chapters included here examine health
Arterial Blood Gases Made EasyArterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is a fundamental skill in modern medicine yet one which many find difficult to grasp. This book provides readers with the core background knowledge required to understand the ABG, explains how it is used in clinical practice and provides a unique system for interpreting results. Over half of the book is devoted to thirty clinical case scenarios involving analysis
Robert Louis Stevenson: A Record, an Estimate, and a MemorialRobert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish author who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of the nineteenth century. With classics such as Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Stevenson is still one of the most widely read authors today. This edition of Alexander H. Japp's biography on Stevenson includes a table of contents.


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Home > Eyeglasses > Ralph > RA6042 (170)
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RA6042/170 Eyewear
As a customer of Edel-Optics, you are totally aware that eyewear can crown your style. This accessory makes you look very smart when you are out and about and convincing in the office and in your leisure time. The RA6042 is available in the Edel-Optics online shop in other styles from Ralph collections 2015 and 2016.
This frame was specially designed for genuine power women. Graceful design and expressiveness are interspersed with classical chic. Semi-rim frames are decisive for the distinctive lines of the model. A stylish accent that never puts the overall appearance out of balance. The quadratic shape is a good choice, especially for softer facial features. The square glasses give more contour to a round face. The straight outer edges also give the impression that the face is longer. The noble metal frame allows for filigree lines and creates an extraordinary lightness in appearance. In addition, metal eyeglasses are virtually indestructible - strong, flexible and corrosion resistant.
With the help of our digital dispensing optician, your prescription lenses can be configured according to your own requirements. Anti-reflective and cleaning coatings, antistatic and lotus effect are included as standard for plastic lenses.
Even if this Ralph is presently not in stock, it is worth ordering now, because the current price can't be beaten. And because Edel-Optics is a paradise for bargain hunters, you can get this top model at an incredibly low price. What is labelled as "in the sale" at other online shops, is for us "all-day-everyday" prices.
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Whew, it's been too long. Sorry about that, but really, did anyone even notice I was gone?
I've been busy with my move, work, and coaching. Soccer season just started a few weeks ago, so most of my time spent outside of work and coaching has been sleeping (average around three hours a day). Well, that and going out on my days off. My alcohol tolerance has gone back up to where it was in my college years!
Something I've recently realized is that you really do forget how fun it is to be single when you date someone for a really long time. That being said, I'm kind of seeing someone else now. Who woulda thought? I'm taking it slow though. No need to rush into anything, right?
On the gaming end, I still haven't got a chance to finish Heavy Rain, which I really want to do. I also want to get to God of War 3 and FFXIII. I'm in no rush though. Gaming has fell off the wayside for me during the last few months, and sadly, I have not missed it much. I'm even getting sick of listening to gaming podcasts (something I've done for years and couldn't get enough of). Will I ever be the same?
That will do it for me. Just a quick update of sorts. Sorry to everyone who's blogs I haven't been commenting on. I still visit 1up daily and read everyone's blogs, but lately, I haven't been commenting. I hope to be hearing from you all soon! Thanks for reading!


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Blended Color Glitter Sampler-
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ADVANTUS-Blended Glitter Sample Pack. It's easy to add sparkle and shine to any project with glitter! Each of the colors in this sample pack is actually a mix to two coordinating colors which give the overall color a subtle blended look. This package contains twelve blended colors of glitter (0.85 ounces each). Non-toxic. Conforms to ASTM D4236. Imported.
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Items shipping from our warehouse ship within 3 business days (Mon-Fri) for standard shipping. If an order is placed on Friday, Saturday or Sunday, it will ship out within 3 business days the following week. Items shipping direct from the manufacturer will take additional processing time and ship separate from the remainder of your order. See our Full Shipping Policy >
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Personalized products can not be returned. Every order is custom printed for the person who ordered it and therefore can not be resold. If you received product that was flawed or damaged, we will be happy to work with you on a case by case basis. Please call 888.739.4120, Mon.-Sat. 9am-7pm EST, to determine return eligibility & process.


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With the gloom of their calamitous FA Cup exit still festering around the club, Everton need to regroup quickly for this weekend's visit of Manchester City.
David Moyes' side are in dire need of a morale-boosting victory, especially with Arsenal and a resurgent Liverpool side recently moving above them in the race for Europe.
Struggling to make up a 12-point deficit on Manchester United, City will be equally intent on taking the win, knowing anything less would instantly quash their faint title hopes.
The Toffees boast an impressive record against their more wealthy adversaries, with eight wins and just a pair of defeats in the last 11 encounters.
Here's a look at five key battles that may prove decisive in Saturday's clash.


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Human beings are lessons with endlessness inside of them- all the ways that God can be endlessly unfathomable
through the prism of your heart, letting shine.
Her hair is gray. She loves to wear gold rings. She wars inside, and she and her husband join anyway
at night.
Need I mention the colors of skin?
He likes to write about the police academy because he was in it thirty years ago. Who is he?
To be endless to someone! To see fully beyond! To see our purity is of the essence! Receive with me!
If I walk in the room, I may symbolize something. I have brown hair like your best friend when you were a child. You long to jump rope and miss home.
Human beings are endless with timelessness inside of them.
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Also is there a way to stream video from the internet to XMC? You know how winamp has channals. If so how?
Edit: When I select the white button I see something that says "edit path" its set to "smb://" should I add something. Also the workgroup im at is MSHOME.
Edited by Mr.Chemist, 14 June 2006 - 02:38 AM.


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Audi sets track and economy records to make you love diesel
Audi may not have persuaded Americans that diesel isn't the Devil's fuel but you can't accuse it of not trying, setting both economy and performance records in Europe. When it comes to speed, it's the Audi RS5 TDI competition concept setting a record time for a diesel around the Sachsenring, its 435 HP engine powering the car to complete a 2.2 mile lap in 1 minute 35.35 seconds. That, Audi credits, is down to its unusual electric compressor.


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Given the state of the economy and the cuts in education funding that are being made, it's not a total surprise that several states have recently taken up the issue of school bus advertising.
With some seeing it as a way for school districts to bring in some much-needed revenue, legislators have been proposing bills that would allow ads on those big, yellow facades. A recent Associated Press article said that at least six states already allow the practice.
In Washington, Sen. Paull Shin introduced legislation earlier this year that would let districts place advertising and educational material on and in school buses if the material has been approved by the district's board of directors. Revenue from the ads would be deposited in the district's general or transportation vehicle funds.
Shin said he proposed the legislation as a way to help balance the state's budget, noting that current economic conditions require looking at "previously untapped sources of revenue."
Many in the pupil transportation industry see ads on school buses as a safety concern or an unwelcome commercial component. In our Driver Management Survey, about three-fourths of respondents said they oppose interior ads, and about two-thirds said they oppose exterior ads.
Rick Spellman, a real estate broker and former school bus driver who helped draft the Washington bill, said that school districts across the country that have implemented similar ad programs have not reported increases in accidents due to the ads.
"The ads will only be placed in a few small, specific spots on the bus — never the front or back — so they don't reduce the visibility of lights, doors, etc.," Spellman said.
He noted that a third party would be responsible for securing the advertising accounts with prior review and approval of the school districts and parents. The company would also mount and change the ads.
"The company would do all the work, collect the money and give the school district a check," Spellman said. "It's new money, and not the old 'rob Peter to pay Paul' programs we've been using for decades."
The bill didn't attract enough support and ended up failing. It wasn't yet clear whether Shin will try to reintroduce it at some point.
A bus advertising bill in Utah also recently died in committee. Interestingly, though, a Deseret News and KSL-TV poll found that 65 percent of Utah residents surveyed believe that ads definitely or probably should be allowed on the sides of school buses.
Florida has also delved into the issue with a bill that would allow school districts to place ads on the outside of their buses (see story here).
Minus the small percentage of a fee that could be used to pay the ad agency, the money would go to school transportation purposes.
But Mike Connors, president of the Florida Association for Pupil Transportation, said that his organization is against placing any ads on the outside of school buses. He points out the potential for distracting other motorists at a critical time.
"We can't afford to have that happen around a school bus — someone going through a stop arm and hitting a kid," Connors said.
Related Topics: school bus advertising
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Even with uncertainty in the economy, and continued pressure to compete for market share, Lowe's (NYSE:LOW) strategy of "investing in ways that will better position itself for success" has had, and will continue to have a positive impact on sales, and profits going into fiscal year 2012.
For the period ending February 3rd, 2012, Lowe's revenue increased 11.0% to $11.6 billion, up from $10.5 billion in Q4 2010. Lowe's reported earnings of $322 million, or 26 cents per share, is up from a year-earlier when Lowe's reported a profit of $285 million, or 21 cents per share. The increased revenues were due to an increase in comparable store sales which was supported by Lowe's strategy of "investing in ways that will better position itself for success."
Overall in Q4 comparable store sales were up 3.4%. The U.S. had the most impact as comparable store sales were positive in all it's regions, with same store sales rising by 3.5%. Chairman, Ceo Robert A. Niblock states: "We delivered solid results for the quarter, including earnings per share that exceeded our guidance."
Lowe's strategy of "investing in ways that will better position itself for success" is paying off. To support this strategy Lowe's has invested in technology, store infrastructure and increased efforts to improve the customer experience. Lowe's Ceo, Robert A. Niblock believes these enhancements have paid off in 2011 and will pay off further in 2012.
Chairman, Ceo Robert A. Niblock states: "in December we outlined how we intend to build upon our core strengths and strategically invest in ways that will better position Lowe's for success. Among our top strategic priorities, we accelerated our investment in technology and store infrastructure in 2011 and increased our efforts to improve the customer experience. We also refined our pricing and merchandising strategies and processes. With these enhancements in place, we are well positioned to drive stronger comparable store sales growth and expanded operating margins in 2012."
Due to the strategic improvements, fiscal year 2012 looks to be strong for Lowe's. According to Lowe's Fourth Quarter Sales and Earnings Results the company is expecting the following:
- Total sales are expected to increase 1 to 2 percent. On a 52 versus 52 week basis, total sales are expected to increase approximately 3 percent.
- The company expects comparable store sales to increase 1 to 3 percent (52 versus 52 week basis).
- The company expects to open approximately 10 stores in fiscal year 2012.
- Earnings before interest and taxes as a percentage of sales (operating margin) are expected to increase approximately 100 basis points.
- Depreciation expense is expected to be approximately $1.5 billion.
- The effective income tax rate is expected to be approximately 38.1%.
- Diluted earnings per share of $1.75 to $1.85 are expected for the fiscal year ending February 1, 2013.
Even though fiscal year 2012 looks to be strong, Lowe's sees many challenges going forward. The economic uncertainty in North America and in particular in the U.S. will have a great impact on how much money the consumer will spend on their homes. Robert A. Niblock explains: "Economic news during the final months of 2011 and so far in 2012 has been somewhat positive creating a bit of relative optimism in the market. However, we know that future uncertainties are still weighing heavily on the consumer. As we look at 2012, we see nothing on the horizon that would dramatically improve home values or the employment situation."
Inflationary measures are also a concern for the company as inflation damaged the gross margin by 21 basis points in Q4. Inflation is driving up the prices of paint, building materials, rough plumbing and fashion electrical. Inflation is also causing higher fuel prices which has negatively impacted the gross margin by approximately 20 basis points.
Lowe's has been improving store structures to increase profits and compete for markets share with rival Home Depot (NYSE:HD). In an article released by the financial post, analyst Matthew Fassler of Goldman Sachs (NYSE:GS) states:
"A 5%-off program from Lowe's on a new private-label credit card will likely resonate well with the home improvement chain's consumers,
This move will clearly add a catalyst to tilt market share to Lowe's, in the wake of apparent share loss to Home Depot in recent quarters,"
Even with uncertainty in the economy, and continued pressure to compete for market share, Lowe's strategy strategy of "investing in ways that will better position itself for success" will have a positive impact in sales, and profits going into fiscal year 2012. Next year Lowe's should achieve estimated sales around $51.70 billion and profits around $2.2 billion.
1. Estimated Sales = $51.70 Billion
2. Estimated Profit Margin = 4.3%
3. Profit = $2.2 Billion
4. Shares Outstanding = 1.19 Billion
5. Estimated EPS = $1.85
6. Forward P/E = 18.70
LOW - Lowe's Companies Inc - Stock Price Target for 2012 = $34.59 USD
|Deutsche Bank
|$31 → $35
|$29 → $33
|Canaccord Genuity
|S&P Research
|Target, Reinitiate
|Deutsche Bank
|$35.00 « $31.00
|Goldman Sachs
|$34.00 « $32.00
|Buy « Neutral
|Morgan Stanley
|Equal Weight « Underweight
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.


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Worthy trade goes through; Packers get unannounced pick
Green Bay - The trade that sent Packers DL Jerel Worthy to the New England Patriots was confirmed Wednesday when it showed up on the NFL's transaction wire distributed to members of the media.
The completion of the trade means that Worthy passed his physical.
Worthy was on the physically unable to perform list because of a back injury, but he had said he was ready to practice and was just waiting to get the OK from general manager Ted Thompson.
The reason Worthy might have been held back is that Thompson was shopping him all week and didn't want him to get hurt, so that a trade wouldn't be possible. The fact Worthy passed his physical in New England shows that he was ready to play.
The NFL transaction wire said that the Packers received an "unannounced" draft pick. It doesn't even say if the pick is in 2015. Traditionally, trades like these involve conditional picks, which means the Packers don't get anything unless Worthy makes the team or the pick is in the sixth or seventh round and could improve if Worthy plays a lot.
A second-round pick in 2012, Worthy tore his ACL late in his rookie year and only played 12 snaps in two games last year. He was on the physically unable to perform list the first 10 weeks and was a game day inactive four of the six games he was on the 53-man roster.
Defensive line coach Mike Trgovac said he liked Worthy, but that the organization made a decision it thought was best.
"I'm really reluctant to get into all that because Jerel was a great guy and he worked hard," Trgovac said. "That's a personnel matter with Ted (Thompson) and Mike (McCarthy). I'd rather let those guys answer that.
"Jerel was a good guy, worked hard and I had no problem with him. And I'm sure they didn't. That's just some of the things that happen in football."
Asked whether the Packers had enough proven guys to make things work on the defensive line, Trgovac said it was his job to make sure they did. The core of the line is B.J. Raji, Mike Daniels, Datone Jones and Josh Boyd.
One guy the defensive coaches are very high on is free agent Letroy Guion, who is currently on the physically unable to perform list with a hamstring injury, but he appears to be a good fit in the defense.
"The guy we really haven't had a chance to see much here in camp is Letroy," defensive coordinator Dom Capers said. "Letroy was impressive in the OTAs because he's a 320-pound guy that can move. He has long arms. So, obviously we're anxious to see him get back in the mix of things because we felt very good about seeing him and what he did through the OTAs."
Capers said Guion could play both nose tackle and end.
- Familiarity brought Starks back to Green Bay
- Video: Breaking down Saturday's Packers practice
- Packers haven't forgotten about ILB Beniquez Brown
- Packers heighten emphasis on punt return after 2015 struggle
- Packers WRs learning Getsy's way of doing things
- Thompson: 'We're starting a new year and we're playing for a championship'
- Video: Breaking down Packers' first padded practice
- Spriggs earns valuable lesson from Peppers
- Linsley still fighting through hamstring injury
- T.J. Lang eager to return for contract year


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