text:
What a wonderful line I think this is: "suspend your disbelief".
So many people are trapped in their ways of thinking because the once or a number of times found something to be 'true'. But when you investigate it closely, it isn't true at all. It was just their mind playing games with them. You see, we humans are wonderful at seeing, understanding, finding relationships between things happening… even when they are not even connected at all.
You surely know about the Pavlov dog experiment. He rang a bell while feeding dogs. After a certain time, the dogs started to produce huge amounts of saliva even when just the bell rang (so without getting food).
We go through life pretty much the same way (sometimes even drooling… 🙂 ).
What we learned is that when certain things happen, we should do X or Y. Why? Because people told us this, or we experienced it.


text:
Stockton shooting leaves man in critical conditionUPDATED 11:17 AM PST Dec 03, 2012
A 29-year-old man is in critical condition and remains at a hospital after he was shot around 11 p.m. Sunday, just off Hammer Lane in Stockton.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1989
|Filing date
|Aug 29, 1988
|Priority date
|Aug 29, 1988
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Wilhem E. Walles, Donald L. Tomkinson
|Original Assignee
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (15), Classifications (20), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to an in-mold method and apparatus for sulfonating plastic articles during molding and to the sulfonated plastic articles so produced. More particularly, it relates to a system for injecting sulfur trioxide into a pre-mold chamber, forming a relatively high-pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide, and then, introducing the gaseous sulfur trioxide int the mold cavity during molding of plastic articles such as plastic containers.
The use of resinous organic polymers to fabricate enclosure members (plastic containers) such as bottles, tanks and other containers and other molded plastic articles is well known. Plastic containers which are made from most organic polymers, particularly the dominantly hydrocarbon polymers, are non-electroconductive, are non-adherent to polar materials such as inks, paints, dyes and various polar adhesives and are readily permeated and/or stress cracked or swollen by oleophilic materials such as liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons e.g., solvents, fumes, vapors, benzene, cyclohexane, xylene, chlorinated solvents, and hexane; gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, butane, halocarbons; fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils; oils such as natural fatty oils, lubricating oils, perfumes and agricultural chemicals. Depending on the particular polymer, these materials can adversely affect the container material. For example, natural fatty oils tend to cause stress cracking of polymers formed from olefinic monomers such as polyethylene. As a result of these inherent deficiencies many of such organic polymers must be treated with various agents which impart varying degrees of electroconductivity, adhesion and impermeability.
Sulfonation techniques have been developed as one means of treating plastic articles to decrease the permeability and protect the polymeric material. See, for example, Walles Pat. Nos. 2,832,696; 2,937,066; 3,592,724; 3,613,957; 3,625,751; 3,629,025; 3,740,258; 3,770,706; 3,959,561; 4,220,739 and 4,615,914. Of these, patents nos. 3,613,957, 3,740,258 and 4,615,914 are particularly directed to plastic containers for organic fluids such as vehicle gasoline tanks and polyethylene drums for transport and storage of industrial solvents and the like.
Walles Pat. Nos. 3,613,957 and 3,740,258 relate to a post-mold treatment of plastic containers fabricated of non-aromatic hydrocarbon polymers. After the plastic containers have been extruded or molded, the surface to be sulfonated, preferably the interior surface of the plastic container, is exposed to gaseous sulfur trioxide, preferably diluted with a dry inert gas such as dry air. Alternatively, the interior surface may be contacted with a solution of sulfur trioxide in an inert liquid solvent, such as a liquid chlorofluorocarbon.
The interior surface sulfonated plastic containers are then substantially completely neutralized by contacting them with a dilute aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, gaseous ammonia or other neutralizing agents. During the neutralization step, salts such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfamate (when ammonia is used as the neutralizing agent) are formed. While such salts are rinseable and/or leachable, washing, rinsing and drying are required to remove these salts. This is especially necessary when the plastic container is to be used as a vehicle gasoline tank because residual salts are not soluble in gasoline and can clog the fuel line and/or fuel filter stalling or otherwise hindering the operation of the vehicle.
The washing, rinsing and drying steps are time consuming under any circumstances and are particularly so when the plastic container has a complicated shape which makes it difficult to thoroughly rinse and drain. With vehicle gasoline tanks, for example, it is often necessary to rinse completely and, then suspend the tank upside down for drainage and drying. The effort and time involved are considerable.
In Walles Pat. Nos. 4,615,914 the interior surfaces of plastic containers are post-mold treated by conversion of solid pills of polymeric sulfur trioxide into an air/sulfur trioxide gas mixture via microwave energy. This sulfonation process leaves no residue, but still upon neutralization with ammonia gas (which may be formed from solid ammonium carbonate), salts such as ammonium sulfamate and ammonium carbamate are produced. Accordingly, in Walles Pat. No. 4,615,914 rinsing is again suggested in order to remove such secondary reaction products.
The need which exists for a treatment process which alleviates the requirement for washing, rinsing and drying, has been met somewhat by use of an in-mold fluorination treatment. Dixon et al in U.S. Pat. No. 3,862,284 teach that in the blow molding of thermoplastic resins to produce plastic containers, 0.1-20% by volume fluorine and 99.9-80% by volume of an inert gas are blended into a fluid medium before expanding the parison of the plastic container to the contour of the mold. See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,336,015 and 4,396,567 to Rainville. Plastic containers produced by this process do not require washing, rinsing and drying. However, handling the fluorinating chemicals presents problems because of their corrosive and toxic nature. In addition the fluorinated surface does not provide as good a barrier layer as a sulfonated one.
An in-mold sulfonation system would, therefore, be desirable in that it could combine the best features of both post-mold sulfonation and in-mold fluorination and thereby eliminate many of the disadvantages of each. But, previously it has not been possible to satisfactorily conduct an in-mold sulfonation process. To a large extent this has been because it is difficult to inject gaseous sulfur trioxide into a mold which is under relatively high pressure and to control the time and temperature of the sulfonation treatment so as to achieve the deserved result.
Accordingly, the need exists for an effective and efficient in-mold sulfonation method and apparatus for sulfonating plastic articles during molding.
The present invention meets that need by providing a system for injecting sulfur trioxide, preferably pure liquid sulfur trioxide, into a pre-mold chamber where it is converted to a relatively high pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide and, then, introducing the gaseous sulfur trioxide into the mold cavity immediately before or immediately after the plastic article is fully formed. The mold is preferably a blow mold or counter-current injection mold for molding thermoplastic resins under heat and pressure to produce plastic articles. The system is particularly applicable to blow molded plastic containers such as polyolefin vehicle gasoline tanks in order to sulfonate the interior surface of the plastic container during blow molding, but may also be used to sulfonate the surface of other plastic articles such as tubes, cartridges, and similar shaped articles.
In blow molding plastic containers mold pressures on the order of 80-100 psi are often encountered, especially when a tough thermoplastic resin such as high density polyethylene (which is typically used for vehicle gasoline tanks) is being molded. In the system of the present invention the sulfur trioxide is converted in the pre-mold chamber to a relatively high pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide. For example, the pressure of the gaseous sulfur trioxide in the pre-mold chamber may be in the range of approximately 100-120 psi. Because there is a fluid communication line between the pre-mold chamber and the mold, when the valve in that line is opened a measured amount of relatively higher pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide, i.e. the amount of gaseous sulfur trioxide produced from the charge of sulfur trioxide initially injected into the pre-mold chamber, is discharged from the pre-mold chamber and introduced into the relatively lower pressure environment in the mold.
It is desirable to introduce the gaseous sulfur trioxide immediately before or immediately after full expansion of the blow molded plastic article and before any significant cooling of the plastic article in the mold takes place. At that point in time the temperature of the plastic article is such that the sulfonation treatment will be most effective. Thus it has been found that upon neutralization with for example ammonia gas, the treated surface of the plastic article will have thereon a barrier layer primarily made up of R--SO3 - NH4 + functional groups, wherein RH is the hydrocarbon of the organic polymer being treated, and will contain a minimum of NH2 SO3 NH4 groups, i.e. undesirable, water leachable, ammonium sulfate salt. Preferably, the molding step takes place at approximately 110� to 180� C., the pre-mold chamber, and consequently the sulfur trioxide gas, is at 80� to 140� C., and the sulfonation step lasts for approximately 0.1 to 1.5 min.
Likewise, as mentioned, it is desirable to neutralize any sulfonic acid groups formed during the sulfonation step with a neutralizing agent. Preferably a gaseous neutralizing agent such as ammonia gas is used. In the present system neutralization is followed by flushing with dry air, not rinsing. Thus, any remaining gaseous sulfur trioxide, gaseous neutralizing agent, and gaseous reaction products are vented and flushed from the mold cavity prior to cooling the surface sulfonated molded plastic article. If nearly 100% pure sulfur trioxide gas is used and if the moisture level of the carrier gas used in the neutralization step is controlled (a little moisture is desirable as an aid in neutralization, but only a little, i.e. less than about 1% based on NH3), then few gaseous reaction products are encountered and the flushing operation is adequate to place the plastic article in condition for use upon cooling. No subsequent treatments, washing, or rinsings are required.
Rather, the molding/sulfonation cycle may be repeated without interruption. Thus, when the valve in the line between the pre-mold chamber and the mold is opened, the pump for charging the pre-mold chamber with liquid sulfur trioxide is shut down. Then, when the valve is closed, the pump is activated to inject another charge of liquid sulfur trioxide into the pre-mold chamber. There it is heated to convert it to relatively higher pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide. All of this takes place during the molding/sulfonation cycle for the preceding plastic article so that immediately upon completion of that cycle there is another supply of relatively high pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide ready for the next cycle. This is possible as long as the valve and the pump cannot open or operate at the same time.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an in-mold method and apparatus for efficiently sulfonating a surface of molded plastic articles during the molding operation. It is also an object of the present invention to provide sulfonated plastic articles having a barrier layer thereon relatively free of leachable salts.
These, and other objects and advantages of the present invention, will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawing, and the appended claims.
The FIGURE is a schematic of the system of the present invention.
Referring to the drawing figure there is shown a schematic of the system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Mold 10 as shown generally illustrates a blow molding operation for molding thermoplastic resins into plastic articles such as plastic containers, but other types of molding operations such as counter-current injection molding ones, may also use the in-mold sulfonation system of the present invention. Likewise, while polyolefin resins are the preferred thermoplastic resins to be molded, others may also be used. Suitable thermoplastic polymers include addition-type homopolymers and copolymers and blends thereof prepared from the aliphatic alpha-monoolefins, aliphatic conjugated and nonconjugated dienes, trienes and polyenes, halogenated aliphatic olefins, alpha-beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl esters of nonpolymerizable carboxylic acids, alkyl esters of alpha-beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, monovinylidene aromatic monomers, alpha-beta-ethylenically unsaturated nitriles and amides, ethylenically unsaturated ethers and ketones and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers which polymerize across the ethylenic bond to form polymers having linear carbon to carbon backbone molecular structure with a plurality of free hydrogen atoms attached to the chain and/or attached to carbon atoms of the substituents of the chain. Also included as suitable thermoplastic resins are the condensation-type polymers exemplified by the polyamides such as nylon, the polyimides, the polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, the polycarbonates derived from dihydric phenols such as bisphenol A, the polyethers and the like. Organic polymers of special interest are the thermoplastic addition homopolymer, copolymers and mixture of polymers of the following monomers; the aliphatic monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1 and isobutylene; aliphatic conjugated dienes such as butadiene; monovinylidene aromatic monomers such as styrene and α,β-ethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile.
As shown, mold 10 has jaws 12 and 14 between which a parison of thermoplastic resin (not shown), preferably a high density polyethylene, is placed. The jaws 12 and 14 are then closed. Heat and fluid (air) pressure are applied to expand or blow the parison into the shape of the mold cavity. For a relatively high density polyethylene plastic container, the fluid pressure involved in doing so is around 80-100 psi, preferably about 80 psi and the temperature involved is approximately 110� to 180� C. At these temperatures and pressures it generally takes 0.1 to 0.4 minutes to expand fully a parison for a 10 to 25 gallon plastic container such as a vehicle gasoline tank.
At the same time or prior thereto, a charge of preferably pure liquid sulfur trioxide at about 25� C. is pumped by pump 16 from liquid sulfur trioxide supply source 18 and injected into pre-mold chamber 20. In pre-mold chamber 20 the liquid sulfur trioxide is heated to above its boiling point (approximately 44� C. at 1 atm.) to convert the liquid sulfur trioxide to a gaseous sulfur trioxide. Preferably the pre-mold chamber is at a temperature of approximately 80� to 140� C., most preferably about 100� C. At the same time, the pressure of the gaseous sulfur trioxide is increased to around 100-120 psi, preferably about 100 psi, to provide in pre-mold chamber 20 a relatively high pressure pure (nearly 100%), gaseous sulfur trioxide. It is desirable to use a pressure sensor which allows the pump to operate as long as the pressure is not too high. Thus, the charge of liquid sulfur trioxide is injected into pre-mold chamber at lower pressures. The pressure increase in pre-mold chamber 20 is sensed. Pump 16 shuts down when a pressure level of 100 to 120 psi is reached in pre-mold chamber 20. This system makes it possible to inject a precise amount of liquid sulfur trioxide into the system (which is relatively easy to do as compared to trying to inject gaseous sulfur trioxide) and, then, efficiently and effectively convert the liquid sulfur trioxide to relatively high pressure gaseous sulfur trioxide.
Immediately upon or shortly before full expansion of the plastic container in mold 10, valve 22 is opened. Because pump 16 has at this stage been shut down following injection of the charge of liquid sulfur trioxide into pre-mold chamber 20 thereby closing the fluid connection between pre-mold chamber 20 and liquid sulfur trioxide supply source 18, and because the pressure of the gaseous sulfur trioxide in pre-mold chamber 20 is relatively higher than the pressure in mold 10, upon opening valve 22, the gaseous sulfur trioxide in pre-mold chamber 20 flows through fluid communication line 24 into the mold cavity. Actually, because the parison is preferably fully expanded at this stage, the gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced into the interior of the formed plastic container. But, reference to introduction of gaseous sulfur trioxide into the mold cavity and into contact with a surface of the formed plastic article is intended to cover this situation as well. In any event, upon its introduction the gaseous sulfur trioxide will sulfonate the interior surface of the plastic container. Thus if 100 psi, hot, pure, gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced into the mold cavity, it will raise the pressure in the mold cavity to approximately 90 psi. It will also convert the air in the mold cavity to about 80% air and 20% sulfur trioxide. At those levels, and after 0.1 to 1.2 minutes, surface sulfonation will take place.
The timing of the sulfonation step is important in terms of the properties of the barrier layer produced. At the preferred stage, i.e. immediately before or immediately after full expansion of the parison and before any substantial cooling of the plastic container in mold 10, the formed plastic container is at approximately 160� C. to 80� C. At that temperature, little or no SO3 is captured by the R--SO3 H groups on the surface of the plastic container (R being the hydrocarbon of the thermoplastic resin). Upon neutralization with, for example, ammonia gas, R--SO3 -NH 4 + groups are formed and a minimum of leachable salt is produced.
This is not true, at lower temperatures such as those encountered if the formed plastic container is allowed to significantly cool in mold 10 (i.e. mold temperatures of 60� C. to 20� C.) or those encountered in post-mold sulfonation processes. Under those conditions, it has been found that the R--SO3 H groups tend to capture SO3 and form R--SO3 --SO3 H. Upon neutralization with ammonia not only is a R--SO3 - NH4 + barrier layer formed, but there is also formed NH2 SO3 NH4 (ammonium sulfamate), which is a rinseable salt.
When the molding temperature is too high, the R--SO3 H groups tend to combine forming R--SO2 --R (a polymeric sulfone) and H2 SO4. As H2 SO4 has a very high boiling point, it does not evaporate during air flushing, it remains on the surface of the plastic container, and it is neutralized by NH3 to give (NH4)2 SO4 (ammonium sulfate), which is also a rinseable salt.
In addition, when the molding temperature is too high, the R--SO2 --R formation to a degree connects adjacent polymer chains, crosslinking them, and leading on a macroscale to a surface layer which is not readily extendable. This leads to surface regions which are not properly sulfonated, giving the sulfonated surface the appearance of "stretchmarks".
Non-uniform surface sulfonation can also occur if the sulfonation step takes place too soon. Thus, if there is a significant degree of sulfonation which takes place before full expansion of the plastic container, the sulfonated portion of the surface resists expansion, the expansion which does take place is in the poorly sulfonated regions, and "stretchmarks" are created. Because of the non-uniform surface sulfonation, the barrier properties are also not uniform. This makes the plastic container less desirable as a container for organic fluids.
After the gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced into the mold cavity, valve 22 is closed. Pump 16 is then activated and pre-mold chamber 20 is recharged with sulfur trioxide, preferably pure liquid sulfur trioxide, to make ready for the next molding cycle. Following the sulfonation step the mold cavity is vented and the air/gaseous sulfur trioxide mixture flushed from the mold cavity. Thereafter, any sulfonic acid groups on the sulfonated surface of the plastic article are neutralized. This is preferably with a gaseous neutralizing agent such as ammonia or other gaseous amine; although, other neutralizing agents such as lime slurry or caustic may be used but these are not preferred because they are non-gaseous and require rinsing. Air or nitrogen with about 1% H2 O (based on NH3) is used as a carrier for the ammonia gas in the preferred system.
Following neutralization, any remaining gaseous neutralizing agent and gaseous reaction products are vented/flushed from the mold cavity. Preferably this is accomplished by venting and, then, using dry air to flush the gases from the mold cavity as the formed plastic container cools in mold 10. The vented/flushed gases may be passed through a scrubber as is conventional. Thus, a scrubber with a water spray may be used to convert gaseous sulfur trioxide which is vented/flushed from the mold cavity prior to neutralization to a dilute sulfuric acid. Then, upon venting/flushing after neutralization, the excess ammonia neutralizes the effluent in the scrubber. After neutralization, venting, and flushing, the plastic article is removed from mold 10 and the molding cycle is repeated.
An in-mold sulfonation system of this type is generally more efficient than existing post-mold sulfonation systems.
In addition, because the instant system preferably uses pure gaseous sulfur trioxide, because the air in the mold cavity into which the sulfur trioxide is introduced is hot (and therefore relatively dry) and because the carrier gas for the neutralizing agent has a controlled degree of moisture present, less rinseable salt is produced.
These advantages are further illustrated by the following working example:
A lab simulation of in-mold sulfonation was conducted using preheated polyethylene coupons, thereby avoiding use of an entire blow molding unit in this experiment. The temperatures that were used in the experiment were held constant for the duration of the test and did not cool off as the polyethylene would during actual blow molding. To overcome this and to better simulate an in-mold sulfonation, select temperatures were used covering the molding range (85� C.-105� C.) under a variety of sulfonation conditions. The SO3 partial pressures were mainpulated to achieve an adequate sulfonation concentrations in the range of 15% to 25% SO3. The sulfonations, purgings and neutralizations were accomplished in separate varying short exposures (15 sec. to 1 minute) to simulate the timing allowed in the blow molding itself. The results are shown in the various tables below:
TABLE IA______________________________________30 Second Sulfonation with 22% SO3Temperature Sulfonation LevelDegrees Centigrade Micrograms SO3 /cm-2______________________________________25� C. 7555� C. 11065� C. 16575� C. 30085� C. 37595� C. 630105� C. 600______________________________________
As can be seen in Table IA, at a set percentage SO3, the level of surface sulfonation is dramatically increased at elevated temperatures. The minimum temperature required to reach adequate sulfonation appears to fall at about 65�-70� C. for a 30 second sulfonation with 22% SO3. At elevated temperatures (75� C. to 105� C.) adequate sulfonation levels of over about 200 micrograms SO3 /cm-2 are achieved. Those temperatures correspond to the low to middle of the range at which the plastic article resides immedately following formation in a blow molding process.
TABLE IB______________________________________Sulfonation with 22% SO3 at 85� C.Time Sulfonation LevelSeconds Micrograms SO3 /cm-2______________________________________10 15015 25020 27525 35030 37560 530______________________________________
TABLE IC______________________________________Sulfonation with 22% SO3 at 95� C.Time Sulfonation LevelSeconds Micrograms SO3 /cm-2______________________________________10 22515 31020 38025 44030 63060 570______________________________________
TABLE ID______________________________________Sulfonation with 22% SO3 at 105� C.Time Sulfonation LevelSeconds Micrograms S03 /cm-2______________________________________10 21015 32520 42525 51530 60060 --______________________________________
Tables IB-ID represent the sulfonation level as a function of sulfonation time (seconds), using a concentration of 22% SO3 at the temperatures of 85� C., 95� C., and 105� C., respectively. As expected, an increase in sulfonation time correlates with an increase in the level of surface sulfonation. At a temperature of 85� C. the sulfonation level increases at a fairly constant rate to a maximum performed sulfonation time of one minute, with an adequate level of surface sulfonation (≧200 micrograms SO3 /cm-2) being reached at approximately 12.5 seconds of sulfonation. At both 95� C. and 105� C. the increase in sulfonation level is much more rapid, with the adequate sulfonation level being reached at just under 10 seconds.
TABLE IE______________________________________Sulfonation for 30 seconds with mole % SO3TemperatureDegrees SO3 Partial Pressure Sulfonation LevelCentigrade % SO3 by volume Micrograms SO3 /cm-2______________________________________45� C. 4 5045� C. 6 7065� C. 4 6065� C. 13 14085� C. 18 21085� C. 22 375______________________________________
Table IE illustrates the relationship between the level of surface sulfonation and the partial pressure of SO3 used during the priod of sulfonation. This was compared using the different constant temperatures of 45� C., 65� C. and 85� C., respectively and holding the sulfonation time constant at 30 seconds. The data demonstrate a direct correlation between the concentration of SO3 used for sulfonation and the surface level sulfonation of the polyethylene sample. It appears that the minimum percentage of SO3 required to reach an adequate level of surface sulfonation (≧200 micrograms SO3 /cm-2) at the low end of the temperature range of the formed plastic article in a typical blow molding process (i.e. around 80� C.) is about 17-18%, and at the middle of the temperature range (i.e. around 105� C.) about 15%.
A fully automatic blow molding machine capable of handling 20-50 lbs. polyethylene at a shot and providing mold clamping pressures of 80-100 psi was used to blow mold high density polyethylene vehicle gasoline tanks. That blow molding machine was outfitted with SO3 sources as shown in the drawing FIGURE.
By opening valve 22 for 1-3 seconds, various concentrations of gaseous sulfur trioxide in the cavity of mold 10 were achieved. Four tanks A-D were prepared in this manner. Sample pieces of treated tanks A-D were taken and analyzed to determine surface concentrations of sulfur per square inch given in microgram S/cm2. The four samples were also given a water rinse, the rinsed-away salt in water analyzed, and the results expressed as gram rinseable salt per M2 surface area. The results are set forth in the following Table:
TABLE II______________________________________ Rinseable SaltSample microgram S/cm2 in gram salt/M2______________________________________A 14.26 <0.04B 5.43 0.08C 7.44 <0.04D 24.96 0.6______________________________________
It has been determined that at about 22 micrograms S/cm2 a 90 percent reduction in gasoline permeance at 72� F. and 50 percent RH is obtained. At approximately 31 micrograms S/cm2, at least a 98 percent reduction in gasoline permeance at 72� F. and 50 percent RH is achieved. At about 46 micrograms S/cm2 a 98 percent reduction in gasoline permeance at 72� F. is achieved, a 90 percent reduction at 100� F. and an 87 percent reduction at 122� F. For most purposes a 90% reduction in the gasoline permeation rate is sufficient. As can be seen, that level was reached with Sample D. It has also been found that a rinseable salt level of below 1.0 gram/M2 is acceptable in that below those levels there is little danger of formation of clogging the fuel line and or fuel filter. If levels below 1.0 gram/M2 are achieved, then, washing and rinsing are believed to be unnecessary. All samples, including Sample D, have rinseable salt levels below 1.0 gram/M2.
With Sample D an acceptable barrier property was achieved and an acceptable low level of rinseable salt was found. That sample was prepared without exceeding the 2 minute blow molding cycle needed for high speed continuous production. Accordingly, in-mold sulfonation system without the need for rinsing has been demonstrated in this example to be workable.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for purposes of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the system disclosed herein may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 29, 1860
|Improvement in hemp-brakes
|Jun 28, 1956
|Oct 29, 1957
|Shulton Inc
|Impermeable polyethylene film and containers and process of making same
|Oct 25, 1968
|Oct 19, 1971
|Dow Chemical Co
|Resinous enclosure members rendered impermeable by sulfonation and neutralization
|Oct 20, 1969
|Nov 2, 1971
|Dow Chemical Co
|Method for producing a latent striated effect on plastic films
|Oct 13, 1970
|Sep 26, 1972
|Hunkar Laboratories
|Method of internally cooling a blow molded article
|Apr 12, 1971
|Jun 19, 1973
|Dow Chemical Co
|Resinous enclosure members rendered impermeable by sulfonation
|May 10, 1973
|Jan 21, 1975
|Air Prod & Chem
|Process for producing blow molded thermoplastic articles having improved barrier properties
|Jul 28, 1978
|Sep 2, 1980
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Method for sulfonating organic materials
|Nov 27, 1979
|Jun 22, 1982
|Rainville Dewey N
|Apparatus for blow molding with active ingredient in blowing gas
|Apr 30, 1981
|Jul 19, 1983
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Process for the production of blow molded articles accompanied with the recovery of a blowing gas
|Jun 1, 1981
|Aug 2, 1983
|Dewey Rainville
|Method for blow molding with active ingredient in blowing gas
|Oct 7, 1985
|Oct 7, 1986
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Treatment of the interior surfaces of resinous enclosure members
|Mar 13, 1986
|Oct 20, 1987
|Mexxer Griesheim Gmbh
|Process for preparing fluoridated surfaces of polymers
|Nov 7, 1986
|May 10, 1988
|The Dow Chemical Company
|On-line film fluorination method
|Jan 28, 1987
|Jun 21, 1988
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Injection molding process with reactive gas treatment
|Oct 5, 1985
|Apr 9, 1987
|Hewing Gmbh & Co
|Process for producing hollow articles fluorinated on the inner surface from thermoplastics by blow moulding
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 18, 1991
|Oct 20, 1992
|Solvay Automotive, Inc.
|Two stage process for sulfonating plastic containers
|Jan 18, 1991
|Apr 13, 1993
|Solvay Automotive, Inc.
|High sulfur level plastic container sulfonation process and article produced thereby
|Feb 19, 1991
|Jun 1, 1993
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Sulfonation of polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole for improved adhesion to matrix resins
|Jun 28, 1993
|May 16, 1995
|Ford Motor Company
|Low pressure plasma treatment method
|Apr 27, 1995
|Oct 1, 1996
|Ford Motor Company
|Low pressure plasma treatment of an article surface
|Jun 2, 1995
|Feb 25, 1997
|Solvay (Soci et e Anonyme)
|Process for the surface treatment of an article by sulphonation and neutralization
|Oct 17, 1995
|Aug 26, 1997
|Ford Motor Company
|Method and apparatus for plasma treating an article
|Jun 3, 1993
|Dec 15, 1998
|Walles; Wilhelm E.
|Skin sulfonated particles in matrices
|Mar 20, 1997
|Mar 16, 1999
|Whirlpool Corporation
|Methods for improved drying performance of a dishwasher and resulting products thereof
|Nov 13, 2001
|Jul 6, 2004
|Thomas E. Schmoyer
|Apparatus and method for sulfonating an article and articles made therefrom
|Jun 23, 2011
|Mar 24, 2015
|Surface Activation Technologies
|Method and apparatus for continuous sulfonization of discrete article
|Nov 13, 2001
|May 15, 2003
|Schmoyer Thomas E.
|Apparatus and method for sulfonating an article and articles made therefrom
|Aug 25, 2009
|Apr 22, 2010
|Gallucci Robert R
|Medical device using sulfonated neutralized polymers with reduced adhesion of biological fluids
|Mar 13, 2007
|Jan 18, 2012
|Hollow body made of plastic having a barrier layer on its inner surface and a method for manufacturing the same
|Mar 13, 2007
|Sep 27, 2007
|L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
|Hollow body made of plastic having a barrier layer on its inner surface and a method for manufacturing the same
|U.S. Classification
|425/90, 425/542, 425/522, 264/83, 427/237, 425/546, 425/96
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 5, 1989
Owner name: DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, THE, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WALLES, WILHELM E.;TOMKINSON, DONALD L.;REEL/FRAME:005123/0718
Effective date: 19880826
|Oct 30, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 8, 1997
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 31, 1997
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 11, 1997
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19970903


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"(Dear kirk hammet, what kind of vegitarian are you? a lactose vegitarian, a ovum vegitarian, or a vegan?) James: Hes an ovum voodoo space vegan."
"I kind of wanted to give him that James Evans nobility, ... With the exception of 'The Cosby Show,' every black father I see on TV, they're not really masculine. They're like these theater-type guys -- not gay, not straight, just theater."
"Plus I wouldn't have to muscle through this crap anymore, and I'd be James Dean. Anyone can die in a car crash. It takes a special guy to actually be the car crash."
"James Caan told me at the end of filming 'Elf' that he had been waiting through the whole film for me to be funny - and I never was."
"On Blur bassist Alex James: I used to punch Alex a lot. He used to say really annoying things. I think he liked being punched."


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The Power and the Fuel-Sipping Glory
Ford's new Mustang V6 pairs 305 horses with 31 mpg on the highway, but those side mirrors have to go
By now checking my side-view mirrors before I change lanes is an autonomic neural function, somewhere between breathing and cringing at the sound of a shrieking fan belt, or Sarah Palin.
So I was just a little surprised when, after glancing in my left-side mirror, I was nearly obliterated by a large white pickup truck speeding down Ventura Boulevard in Los Angeles. Where the hell did he come from?
Oh, right. Alaska.
Welcome to the 2011 Ford Mustang V6, which has many things to recommend it—a stonky, turgid-with-horsepower sixer, a choice of new six-speed transmissions, All-American provenance and rather astounding 31 mpg highway fuel economy—and one thing that cries out for the ministrations of a sharp screwdriver: a driver's-side "spot mirror," a small convex affair glued to the face of the streamlined side-view mirror, precisely where large white pickups hide. Dear Mr. Ford, about these mirrors. Hate them. Dangerous. Trash.
The Ford Mustang is rapidly becoming America's low-rent, GED-educated version of the Porsche 911. They've both been around since the mid-'60s, both core syntax in automotive culture, both as rich with symbolism as the Book of Kells. Both cars are bound as if by blood oath to an inferior technology: in the case of the Porsche, the less-than-optimum rear-engine layout; for the Mustang, the widely disdained—though damned effective—solid rear axle, as opposed to an independent rear suspension. And both cars, by their sheer longevity, are examples of a kind of engineering perfectibility, as their respective design teams continue to refine and improve the car, year after year, in a kind of Darwinian fire of adaptation. They may be platypuses but you won't find a better duck-billed fur-bearing egg-layer anywhere.
In 2009, Ford's product elves took the Mustang dramatically forward with a redesigned exterior and interior, major chassis upgrades and a laundry list of subtle improvements, which made the car almost terrific. Indeed, the current-model-year (2010) Mustang GT, I think, easily outpoints the key competitors (Chevy Camaro SS and Dodge Challenger SRT) in handling and ride quality, mostly by virtue of the fact that the competitors are, as sports cars, mullet-coiffured lard butts.
The 40-foot asterisk beside Mustang has lately been its engines, which have varied from dated to utterly Pleistocene. This has been particularly true of the entry-level Mustangs powered by the V6—a villainous antique outputting 210 horsepower from 4.0 liters of displacement and sucking gas like no tomorrow. For reference, note that the 2010 Mustang V6 returns an official 16 mpg in the city and 24 mpg on the highway and—at the risk of hitting this nail too hard—it moves like it's been quaffing Propofol.
Yes, sure, Ford has sold a lot of these cars—the low-buck Mustang is the perennial choice of bank tellers and spirit-squad captains. But among enthusiasts, the Mustang V6 is about as popular as flesh-eating bacteria.
2011 Ford Mustang V6
Base price: $22,995
Price as tested: $27,000 (est.)
Powertrain: Naturally aspirated DOHC 3.7-liter, 24-valve V6;
six-speed automatic transmission; rear-wheel drive.
Horsepower/torque: 305 hp at 6,000 rpm/280 pound-feet at
4,250 rpm
Length/weight: 188.1 inches/
3,473 pounds
Wheelbase: 107.1 inches
Cargo capacity: 13.4 cubic feet
EPA fuel economy: 19/31 mpg,
History in the Making?
Ford says the Mustang V6 is the first production car to offer 30+ mpg and 300+ horsepower. Can that be right? Regardless, this is an indecently quick car with the fuel economy of a dead-slow econo-box. A hugely persuasive bit of animal husbandry. Who knew ponies could eat low-cal?
Inside...Well, Let's Look at the Outside
Mustangs were updated inside and out for model year 2010 and, while the exterior is almost perfect, the interior design and materials could use some love from the home office.
Mustang Nation Will Love It
For the V6 car's traditional clientele—working girls, budget-minders, nonenthusiasts of various stripes—the car will feel like a Lamborghini. Car buffs will look at the 305 hp, the sub-6-second 0-60 times, the performance-package options (big wheels and tires, tauter suspension) and think, finally, "I'd rather have a V6."
For the 2011 model year, the Mustang line gets two new engines, neither of which is exactly state of the art but both nonetheless vast improvements over the previous piston-equipped anvils. The Mustang GT gets a 5.0-liter, 32-valve DOHC V8 good for 412 horsepower (replacing the 4.6-liter, 315-hp engine). And the new V6—our focus today—is a 3.7-liter, 24-valve Duratec V6, with dual overhead cams, variable valve timing on the intake and exhaust sides, cold-air induction, and a nice toasty 10.5:1 compression ratio. This aluminum-block unit churns 305 horsepower at 6,500 rpm and a thick-wristed 280 pound-feet of torque.
This engine does for the Mustang V6 what a trip to Lourdes does for intractable VD. It's a miracle cure, sheer deliverance, salvation. Zero-to-60 acceleration feels easily in the high five-second range as car comes off the line with a big smooth rushing moment over-vaulting the car's 3,400-pound inertia, with almost no axle tramp or other squirrelly-ness. Awesome. Big righteous torque is available in the upper rpm registers, and the handling hardware—revised front and rear suspension and antiroll bars, redesigned rear-end lower control arms, tuned tires and other esoterica—puts a seriously athletic leg under the whole project.
The base-model Mustang—previously a good-looking, clumsy doofus (note the restraint with which I avoid mentioning Matthew McConaughey)—is now actually fun to drive. Actually, it's kind of a riot.
Meanwhile, thanks to the new engine, a six-speed automatic transmission, freer-breathing dual exhaust (formerly a single pipe), and a host of measures that nibble at the efficiency equation (including electric-assist power steering with—I kid you not—Active Nibble Control), the Mustang is rated at 19 mpg city and 31 mpg highway, the highest in the class of V6-powered American sport coupes including the base-model Chevy Camaro LT and Dodge Challenger. The base Mustang all but crushes the direct Asian import competitor, the Hyundai Genesis Coupe 3.8—quicker, cheaper, more fuel-efficient and more charismatic by, oh, light-years.
Ah, but nothing comes for free, and among the means the Mustang employs to achieve its celebrated highway mpg is a host of fine-grain aerodynamic tweaks, including smaller, more streamlined side mirrors, which some misbegotten son-of-a-dog safety engineer decided needed spotter mirrors.
Enter—almost, at least—the aforementioned large white pickup.
Indeed, the 31 mpg number—which has been marketing catnip for Ford—is achieved at some cost to Mustang V6's overall drivability; it's a good thing the Mustang has it to spare. For instance, the rear-axle ratio on the base-model car is a sky-high 2.73, which means that at highway speeds the engine is loafing along at low rpm. The downside is that tall rear gears tend to smother torque and kill off-the-line acceleration. As quick as this car is out of the hole, it would be significantly more responsive with a shorter rear gear. That option is available in the V6 performance package.
Meanwhile, the computer programming governing the new six-speed automatic transmission demonstrates a deep, almost irresistible urge to jump to higher gear in the interests of fuel saving—and that can make the car a little frustrating to drive hard in canyon country. Forget "D" for Drive; best slap the shifter over to the manual gate and wring out the rpm. Ah, but then you're not getting 31 mpg, are you?
The high-mileage Mustang also gives up a measure of road-holding by using Michelin Energy radials, what are known as low-rolling-resistance tires. But you can't take it away from the Ford chassis guys. They have managed to tune the Mustang's suspension and stability control programming so that, while the tires aren't particularly grippy, the way the car slides around on them is easily manageable and actually pretty entertaining.
In canyon country, the Mustang feels well sorted and competent. The electric power steering, while as numb as a sled dog's nose, is responsive and direct. The car feels very honest, balanced and confidence-inspiring. With the stability control set to Sport—or better yet, Off—it's effortless to pitch the rear end around with generous application of noise and gas. Would I like more lateral grip? Oh yeah. But the V6 Mustang has no bad manners or ugly surprises in store. For 2011, the base Mustang gets the big honking brakes from the Mustang GT, so that stopping distance is not an issue. Brake-pedal feel is quite good, too.
The 'tall' gear ratio of the Ford Mustang V6's rear axle, which makes the car slower from a standing start but helps produce its marquee highway-mileage number. For quicker 0-60 times, enthusiasts may opt for a lower (numerically higher) 3.37:1 rear-axle ratio.
For, well, ever, it's seemed to enthusiasts that the Mustang to have would be the V8 because, otherwise, why bother? But here's a radical thought. What if, one day, the V6-powered car, with its over-achieving performance and conscientious fuel economy, and available Performance package (bigger wheels, stickier tires, stiffer suspension, a general upgrade in orneriness) became the aspirational Mustang, the one kids want to buy? Oh, brave new world....
Meantime, let's raise a cheer for government fuel-economy regulations. Free-market choristers can be counted on to lament the feds' Corporate Average Fuel Economy requirements, particularly the Obama administration's finalizing of rules to require 35.5-mpg CAFE standard by 2016. Yes, of course, the end of capitalism as we know it, the death of innocents, etc. Except that CAFE is working. Imperfectly, true, but cars are getting better, faster and more efficient—and doing so in the absence of meaningful market forces, like drastically higher fuel prices—and you need only look to the Mustang V6 for proof. A decade ago, such a car was beyond the imaginings of the most wild-eyed, patchouli-reeking green gearhead.
The future is coming up fast. Objects in your tiny mirrors are closer than they appear.


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It's that time of year again! Come on out to the 2014 Canadian National Exhibition this summer.
The 18-day fair itself consists of a mix of pavilions, exhibits, shows, concerts, a working farm, horse show, casino, and a large carnival midway with rides, games and food.NEWSTALK 1010 proudly presents the Celebrity Expert Stage. What was once a stage devoted to "food" breaks out of the mould to become a platform for a wide variety of learning experiences led by experts in fashion, design, health, home improvement, food & more!
For more information on the CNE, admission, parking and all of the attractions click here.WHEN August 15-31, 2 - 3 pm and 5 - 6 pmWHERE At Home Pavilion, Direct Energy Centre


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Historic Riverside Cemetery Moonlight History & Mystery Tour
At Denver's ONLY nighttime cemetery tour you'll learn about Lester Drake's tragedy, the secrets surrounding the Jones Mausoleum and the heartbreak of the Bell Family along with the other mysteries of Riverside.
Sorry, we're sold out!
Check out our other October Riverside events:
Riverside Moonlight Euphoria Full Moon Shoot
Riverside Moonlight Hops n' Mysteries
Event goes on rain or moonlight so dress for an October evening in Colorado. The History & Mystery Tour is a walking tour on old cemetery roads, so good walking shoes and flashlights are highly recommended. Tours last about 1.5 to 2 hrs.
No flash photography allowed during tours.
Proceeds benefit the education and preservation programs of the Fairmount Heritage Foundation.
Refund Policy
Full refunds will be issued with written advance notice, up to seven days before the event; 50% refunds will be issued with written advance notice, up to 72 hours before the event. We will not be able to process any refunds without 72 hours' notice. Refunds take 14 business days to process.
Riverside Cemetery is located at:
5201 Brighton Blvd
Denver, Colorado 80216


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Featured Video
Python Programming Language LiveLessons
Python Programming Language LiveLessons provides developers with a guided tour of the Python programming language, including an introduction to many of the advanced techniques used in libraries and frameworks. David Beazley covers the essential features of Python programming through a series of practical programming examples that demonstrate the solutions through code and provides programmers with an accelerated introduction to the essential parts of Python.
Chapters and Articles
Why should the developer care about testability? Alexander Tarlinder presents the case for testable software and its benefits. The quality attribute testability is broken down into observability, controllability, and smallness and explained further.
Stephen Kochan and Patrick Wood provide tutorials on tools useful in writing shell programs and discuss regular expressions used by many Unix commands.
Agile process maturity is a very important consideration when implementing an agile ALM. But what exactly does process maturity really mean in an agile context? Bob Aiello and Leslie Sachs examine the factors that affect agile process maturity from a number of different perspectives.
David Platt demonstrates how the UX skills presented in The Joy of UX all work together by showing how to design a new mobile app for Boston's commuter rail system.
Marketing experts Jagdish N. Sheth, Mona Sinha, and Reshma Shah present the case for entering and competing in emerging markets and provide the background to their marketing breakout strategies.
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We teamed up with Best Western Hotels to find five UK hotels that will not only welcome you, but your pet too.
It can feel like a heartbreaking wrench when you need a break but have to leave your pooch behind. Yet there are some lovely hotels that will not only welcome you, but your pet too. We highlight five pet-friendly hotels, all located in areas that provide unrivalled landscape for dog walking and who will happily roll out the red carpet, provide freshly made dog-biscuits and even bouncing balls to add a touch of canine luxury.
BEST WESTERN Mayfield Hotel, Cotswolds, England
The Cotswolds is idyllic for holidaying with your dog. For you, it has rich history, gorgeous limestone villages and historic castles. For quality time with your moggie, there's the rolling wolds countryside to explore and frolic in.
The trick to getting the most out of this quintessentially English part of England is to stay in the heart of it. The small 28-suite BEST WESTERN Mayfield Hotel, set as it is within a sleepy village in the rural Avon Valley, offers a quaint, quiet base. It's minutes away


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Added by whoinventedmoney Subscribe 2
Published 14 Nov 2006
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Dedicated to the brave citizens of nations across the world who contribute to society by not fearing for th...
Dedicated to the brave citizens of nations across the world who contribute to society by not fearing for the goals of terrorists.i miss mumbai, is memories of days i spent in Mumbai and an effort to spread the message of world peace and humanity.Lets join togather and be brave to fight terrorism........ Local trains are life line of mumbai - The annual traffic density, about 255 million passenger-km per km of route, is believed to be the world record for passenger rail transport.....On july 11th 2006 , 7 trains were bombed by terrorists but train service resumed with in the next 4 hours of the incident.Mumbaites never feared to board the train the very next day.Almost 70 % of citizens went to office and even school and college goers never feared to travel by train.Its a message sent by millions of mumbaites born in the land of Mahatma - We dont need weapons to fight terrorism. All it takes is a brave heart - venkat raman About project i miss mumbai - The musicians of the tracks used are Ronald E warren and Ron sorbo .Many thanks to them. I just own the licence to broadcast from digital sound media..The full version took 5 months to shoot and 10 days to edit. Finally its on metacafe for u to watch,comment and rate..... venkat


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Tennessee 73, South Carolina 69
COLUMBIA -- Sam Muldrow saved some of his best basketball for what was likely his final home start at South Carolina. But, thematic of USC's season, a career-high 24 points Thursday night from the senior center was only enough to keep the Gamecocks hanging around against Tennessee.
A 20-point first-half lead was cut to a single possession by Muldrow and South Carolina in the second half, but the Volunteers had two players equaling Muldrow's output in a 73-69 victory in front of about 5,000 fans at Colonial Life Arena.
Down 69-66 with 40 seconds left, Muldrow blocked his fifth and final shot of the night. But the Vols corralled the rebound and Melvin Goins buried a jumper that prevented USC from having a chance to tie.
"It was another case where we dug ourselves a hole because we didn't defend and weren't aggressive offensively," USC coach Darrin Horn said, adding that the team's youngsters continue to look "shell-shocked" by any level of adversity early in games. "Fueled by Sam, I thought our guys showed tremendous fight."
Vols freshman post Tobias Harris had a season-high 25 points, including 11 of 14 from the free-throw line. Junior wing Scotty Hopson added 24, including 16 in the first half.
"I think he's the best scorer in our league," Horn said about Hopson. "He's a guy who can do what he wants when he wants."
Tennessee (18-12, 8-7 SEC) is a part of a logjam from No. 2 to 5 in the SEC's Eastern Division, along with Georgia, Kentucky and Vanderbilt. Those teams continue to distance themselves from last-place South Carolina, now 14-14 and 5-10 in the league.
The Gamecocks' regular season finale is Saturday at Mississippi State. Barring an improbable run in next week's SEC tournament in Atlanta, a win this weekend is vital for USC's bleak NIT chances.
South Carolina isn't going anywhere unless it figures out how to start games with more gusto. The Gamecocks shot 31.3 percent in the first half, making 2 of 9 3-pointers. It allowed Tennessee to shoot 61.9 percent and hit 4 of 5 3-pointers.
Hopson put on a dunk exhibition at times as the Vols stretched their lead to 40-20 in the final seconds of the half.
"It was the first half that hurt us," Horn said.
Horn has been reluctant to indicate players who more was expected from this season, but he said sophomore Ramon Galloway, who scored 15 points off the bench, is one.
Galloway had seven straight points for the Gamecocks during a stretch in the second half, cutting Tennessee's lead to 58-54 with 8:03 to play. Harris responded with two free throws and Cameron Tatum added two of his own to double the lead.
The lead got down to three after Muldrow's three-point play with 1:04 to go. But his block went into the arms of Goins, who buried the dagger of a jumpshot.
If only USC had played in the first half like it did in the second? It's been a recurring thought for the Gamecocks during the rocky conference schedule.
"I think probably make them juniors or seniors," Horn said, when asked what could prevent the slow starts. "It's that (shell-shocked) look that happens. We've tried 100 different things. When the other team has the lead, all the pressure to play and perform is out and we can just play. That's what we try to tell them from the start."
Muldrow -- the only Gamecock to play more than a season for Horn -- is the only one who seems to get the memo each night. The 6-9 Florence native added 12 rebounds for his seventh double-double of the season and his second in as many home games.
"I can't say enough about Sam Muldrow and how he played tonight," Horn said. "I thought he played with a tremendous desire to win. He really fueled everything that we did. I'm really glad to see him do that in his last home game."


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Charles KacprowiczShared publicly -
State Legislature must not surrender their sovereign authority under Article V to delegates at a Convention, nor to Congress, nor to the Courts, not to the Executive Branch, nor to Regulatory Agencies. They are th final arbiters in all Constitutional matters.
3 comments
I too would like to knw who chooses the delgates and how one becomes a delegate. This is a critical question becuase if the delgates defy the will of the people this will all be for not.
I for onewould like to be a delgate tothe Texas convention.
I for onewould like to be a delgate tothe Texas convention.
Add a comment...


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Mike Ludwig of Truthout: Trump and Clinton laid out their grand plans during their first debate. But social justice activists are not taking their marching orders from them.
Manning's suicide attempt is punished as a "threat" to order because it's legible as a threat to the state's management of her life, and ability to punish.
William Rivers Pitt is a senior editor and lead columnist at Truthout. He is also a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of three books: War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know, The Greatest Sedition Is Silence and House of Ill Repute: Reflections on War, Lies, and America's Ravaged Reputation. His fourth book, The Mass Destruction of Iraq: Why It Is Happening, and Who Is Responsible, co-written with Dahr Jamail, is available now on Amazon. He lives and works in New Hampshire.


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From 'The Sopranos' to a Dallas Cowboys game, see the career of actor James Gandolfini
Photo: Craig Blankenhorn/AP
This 2007 file photo originally supplied by HBO, shows James Gandolfini, left, Steven Van Zandt and Tony Sirico, right, members of the cast of the HBO cable television mob drama "The Sopranos." HBO and the managers for Gandolfini say the actor died Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Italy. He was 51.
To post a comment, log into your chosen social network and then add your comment below. Your comments are subject to our Terms of Service and the privacy policy and terms of service of your social network. If you do not want to comment with a social network, please consider writing a letter to the editor.


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1 kilo of cocaine, plural version would be "BIRDS"
ive got only about a half a bird left untill i holler at spanish jose later this evening
από crispy chris the barber 19 Αύγουστος 2007
Hoes or side b*tches
Damn bro I got a new girl.
Ew no nigga she a bird.
Ew no nigga she a bird.
από Fvckyamean 30 Μάιος 2015
a person from the svu fandom who is total trash and garbage. hates warren leight, is gay, watches the x-files probably.
oh my god mariska followed a bird. how dare she.
από partyhardlikeabard 27 Ιούνιος 2014
The act of walking into a window or screen door thinking there isn't one there, similar to what birds do.
'Wow, that girl just went bird on that window! She seems disoriented.'
από Atlmom 25 Σεπτέμβριος 2013
The bird is the word.
The bird is the word.
από iLame 7 Σεπτέμβριος 2011
a female slot,hore or stuff like that
1.that girl is a bird
2. no shes not
1. yea look at her clothes
2. no shes not
1. yea look at her clothes
από spongeb0b 5 Σεπτέμβριος 2011
A girl who has no ambitions in life. You will mainly find these women in 18+ clubs... But they just happen to be 23 years old.
Wasn't she just at the club yesterday? What a bird.
από Sicker than the Remix 30 Ιούνιος 2011
the word
bird bird bird the bird is the word
από poopfacenumberone 15 Δεκέμβριος 2010


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Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS
Latest Camera Reviews
The Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS is a new 11x zoom lens. Offering an equivalent focal length of 29-320mm, the EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS is designed exclusively for use with EOS cameras featuring an EF-S lens mount. The EF-S 18-200mm features a 16 element, 12 group construction, close focusing distance of just 45cm, and 4-stop optical Image Stabilizer. The Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS is available from the end of September 2008 priced at £549.99 / €729.99 / $699.00.
Canon UK Press Release
The EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS: versatile, compact, telephoto zoom
United Kingdom / Republic of Ireland, 26 August, 2008: Canon today strengthens its EF-S series of lenses with the launch of a versatile new model: the EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS. With an equivalent focal length of 29-320mm, the lens offers an 11x zoom range – making it a powerful, lightweight alternative to carrying multiple lenses.
The EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS is designed exclusively for use with EOS cameras featuring an EF-S lens mount – including the new EOS 50D, EOS 1000D, EOS 450D, and earlier models.
High quality optics
The EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS features a 16 element, 12 group construction. This includes UD and aspherical lens elements, which minimise chromatic aberration and ensure crisp, corner-to-corner detail across the zoom range. A close focusing distance of just 45cm offers photographers total framing flexibility.
4-stop Image Stabilizer
A Canon 4-stop optical Image Stabilizer – specially designed for the lens' specific focal length range - works to counteract image blur that can occur when shooting handheld, or at slow shutter speeds. Automatic panning detection ensures effective performance when tracking moving subjects. Plus, because the IS system is based in the lens, results are visible through the viewfinder during framing.
No flare or ghosting
Reflection off a digital camera's image sensor can cause flare and ghosting. To suppress this, the EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS uses optics treated with Canon's patented Super Spectra coatings – for crisp, undistorted images with natural colour balance.
Pricing & Availability
The EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS is available from end of September 2008 priced at £549.99 / €729.99 RRP inc. VAT.
Your Comments
4 Comments | Newest Oldest First | Post a Comment
This looks like a very interesting lens. But I wonder why Canon has not included an USM in the lens?
That's standard for almost all Canon lenses, so it's not obvious why they would leave it out in a new lens.
Yeah!! thats strange.. I believe it has to do solely with the price of the lens..USM would add on to the cost.
Nevertheless, I would not hesitate to pick one up if it behaves as good as the nikkor 18-200 VR. Thats a magnificent walkaround lens. does not offer the optical quality of the primes but, makes it up with the flexibility ...
Lets wait and see till the initial hands on reviews pop up.
You might consider the Tamron 18-270 lens. I have the new canon 18-200 and barrel distortion on wide is bad and it creeps when between 50-80mm range when tilt downward and upward.
I have this lens too. IQ is good and very sharp at wide and tele end. The distortion will be easily corrected bu canon's DPP 3.5 software. Gravity zooming could be prevented at 18mm and taking pictures downward or upward just hold zoom ring to prevent it from creeping. Other manufacturer has the same issues with their superzoom lens, same as the much awaited tamron's 18-270mm lens. This is designed for walkaround or travel, so there should be compromise with it Image quality. But I've it's IQ good throughout it's range.


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Santiago Urrutia of Team Pelfrey claimed the 2015 title and will advance to Indy Lights in 2015 via the Mazda scholarship system.
The series has served as a vital step on the career path of many of today's top drivers since 1991. Graduates include Verizon IndyCar Series drivers Marco Andretti, Jack Hawksworth, James Hinchcliffe, Sage Karam, Spencer Pigot, Graham Rahal and Tristan Vautier, NASCAR veteran Michael McDowell, and BMW Motorsport factory driver Joey Hand amongst many others.
The 16-race schedule features five road course, two street circuit and two oval venues. With the exception of the ovals, all events will comprise double-header rounds. All but the season-ending finale at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca, which features all three levels of the Mazda Road to Indy, are run in conjunction with the Verizon IndyCar Series.
Mazda, Cooper Tires, Allied Building Products, SpeedSource Race Engineering, Carl Haas Automobile Imports, MAXSpeed Group, RACER, Hi-Tide Boat Lifts, VP Racing Fuels, Replay XD, Performance Friction, BBS, Staubli, Quarter Master, INDYCAR Ministry
All races will feature live streaming shows on indycar.com, promazda.com and the RoadtoIndy.TV App including pre- and post-race coverage. Additional coverage such as post-race press conferences and special events will be streamed on the series website and the RoadtoIndy.TV App.
The popular RoadToIndy.TV and RoadtoIndy.TV App will continue to provide behind-the-scenes content, race recap episodes, special features, live streaming and live shows of Mazda Road to Indy on and off-track activities.
The Pro Mazda Championship Presented by Cooper Tires features open-wheel, single-seat, open-cockpit cars with front and rear wings. The carbon fiber chassis, which was introduced in 2004, is built to FIA standards.
VP Racing Fuels is the Official Fuel of Pro Mazda.
A new chassis will be introduced in 2018. The PM-18 will use the USF-17 chassis - introduced in 2017 - as the base car to help control the operational costs for teams who wish to move up. The USF-17 is a full carbon monocoque chassis built to the latest FIA F3 test specifications with additional safety features to meet the specific needs of racing in the United States. These features include full Zylon side intrusion panels and reinforced bulkheads to strengthen the chassis for racing on oval circuits. The USF-17 also features a six-speed paddle shift gearbox, four-way adjustable dampers, specific design aluminum American Racing wheels, Cosworth data system, LCD steering wheel and ECU, four piston caliper PFC brakes and IndyCar-specific quick jack and roll hoop attachments.
The PM-18 adds more power over the USF-17 from a Mazda SKYACTIV engine, more sophisticated aerodynamics with a revised underbody and diffuser, a three-element rear wing and a front wing with adjustable composite wing flaps. The PM-18 also adds a higher level Cosworth data system to help train the next level of drivers and engineers in the Mazda Road to Indy.
Pro Mazda currently utilizes the Mazda Renesis rotary engine as remanufactured and serviced by SpeedSource Race Engineering. The engine generates approximately 260 horsepower - 90 horsepower more than a USF2000 Mazda MZR powerplant - and is capable of powering cars to speeds of 160 mph.
Slick/rain tires co-branded COOPER/PROMAZDA as manufactured by Cooper Tires.
7th............................... 14 14th.............................. 7
One additional point is awarded for pole position, most laps led and fastest race lap.
MASTERS CLASS (for drivers age 35+):
Single car teams will receive three bonus points as an equivalency to multi-car teams. Only the two best results will count in the team championship for teams fielding more than two entries.
The Pro Mazda Championship Presented by Cooper Tires will distribute nearly $1 million in prizes and awards in 2016. The series champion will receive a scholarship package from Mazda to advance to Indy Lights Presented by Cooper Tires in 2017. Additional champion's awards include a Cooper Tires Award for tires and series award for race entries.
The Mazda Road to Indy Summit and Oval Clinic is a three-part educational and promotional program held during the season. The platform provides valuable education on a variety of topics including marketing/business, media training, career growth and development, fitness and wellness, social media and a comprehensive introduction to oval track racing led by industry experts. It also features activities such as high-profile autograph sessions and fan Q&As, networking reception, team owner meet-and-greets, race shop tours and pace laps around the Indianapolis Motor Speedway with Verizon IndyCar Series drivers. Additionally, the winner at Lucas Oil Raceway will pace the Freedom 100 Indy Lights Presented by Cooper Tires field on Carburetion Day and be interviewed in front of the Indianapolis 500 crowd only minutes before the race.
(*) Series switched from tube-frame cars to carbon-fiber cars in 2004.
(+) First season of unified national Star Mazda Championship series. From 1991 – 1999 the series crowned regional and oval-track champions.


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I really didn't mind the star kid. My distaste for the ending was solely about the whole 'it's organics vs synthetics' thing. The whole 'the machines will rebel' thing is so trite and cliche that seeing ME fall back on it for the end of its trilogy made me face palm after how wonderfully they'd handled ai such as the geth and EDI throughout the trilogy. The extended ending made it passable by filling in plot holes but I still don't care for the endings at all because of the very weak premise for the reaper cycle.
So I just started up multiplayer again after like a 4 month break. Its soooo hard to choose between arsenal or reserve packs. >_< Also did vanguards get buffed or were they always so good? I did some golds with a 200% recharge and defensive build and I tore things apart. Female Human Charge + Nova. Charge was up so frequently that I was literally invincible. Only deaths were from banshees etc grabbing me after a charge lol. Solved that by never charging the front.
If played right Vanguards are indeed extremely deadly. I can't remember if they've been buffed recently or not.
(Considering whether to buy it or not)
To declare that a personal, inner experience gives certainty about the workings of the universe is to assign far too much value to one's subjective sense of conviction.
I'm not that arrogant.
The brain, marvelous instrument though it is, isn't infallible. It can misfire, seize or hallucinate, and it can do so in a way that's utterly indistinguishable from reality to the person experiencing it.
The question you have to ask yourself is did the cycle and solution actually work? Was it the result of countless culling and "forced" evolution that produced the circumstances that allowed Shepard to do what he did? Or was Shepard and his "peace" just a fluke of the cycle? Could anyone have brought about the catalyst or was it something that required Humanity.
If you take the ending at face value then sure it might be weak or cliche. But if you think about the ending, the questions left unresolved, and how the universe got to where it ended it is anything but.
Besides I doubt anything would have been labeled as a strong premise for a billion year old cycle.
"Man is his own star. His acts are his angels, good or ill, While his fatal shadows walk silently beside him."-Rhyme of the Primeval Paradine AFC 54
You know a community is bad when moderators lock a thread because "...this isnt the place to talk about it either seeing as it will get trolled..."
---------- Post added 2013-02-06 at 06:41 PM ----------
---------- Post added 2013-02-06 at 06:44 PM ----------
Eventually some synthetic or organic life form would break the peace.
"Man is his own star. His acts are his angels, good or ill, While his fatal shadows walk silently beside him."-Rhyme of the Primeval Paradine AFC 54
You know a community is bad when moderators lock a thread because "...this isnt the place to talk about it either seeing as it will get trolled..."
Just got colectors rifle and the rifle, plus Piranha! ~~~ Throwing all my money at those weapon packs >.< Really need some better gear =_=
I keep getting the damn Geth SMG and Collector SMG (4 times in a row), I really need the Carnifex/Reegar/Harrier for some of my builds. In other news finally got the Black Widow muahahah, after an eternity and a half.
Re:Vanguards: Would Krogan Vanguard outperform the Human (Nova)? With full Alliance training/fitness and some defensive charge abilities taken I feel pretty solid in regards to taking damage when my shields are down.
I heard theres some trick to using the reeger carbine and the flamer at the same time but I couldn't get it to work.
I play a Kroguard primarily for soloing and it rips things apart. I use the Disciple shotgun because it is light and have everything except Carnage maxed (full durability and power damage). I kill most small enemies on Silver with a single Biotic charge and have a AoE perk for the charge which is kinda handy.
So Vanguards are one of the best classes for soloing because they are so durable. I enjoy the Geth Trooper too because the flamer is so amazing and the Trooper has a lot of shields too


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Radio Parts and Accessories
This is an incredible break through in technology which will allow you to never need to pull a pin before flying, never shoot someone down by accident, or have some shoot you down by accident. Also, testing has proven that there is less interference with SPEKTRUM than the normal 72 MHz radios!
We offer 3 different JR Radios. The JR DX7 radio is the least expensive radio which will work well for aerobatic models. With all 3 of these radios you can set up your aerobatic plane very easily and have enough computer functions to mix out most of the odd tendencies that your airplane has. Your plane will probably pitch to the belly when you apply rudder. These radios can "mix" that out by using the rudder stick as the master and the elevator as the slave. As you move the rudder to the left or the right, the elevator will come up a little to compensate. Your plane probably will roll with the rudder, usually it rolls right with right rudder and rolls left with left rudder. The computer radio can fix that.
We replaced the JR 10X on my 35% Extra 260 and replaced it with a DX7. I have to say, it was great!
I am always so conscious about my radio being off so that I don't interfere with others, replacing the pin so others on the same frequency can use the frequency, having the pin when I'm flying, being shot down, extending my transmitter antenna, electrical interference from engine ignitions or smoke pumps or servo extensions, and routing the Rx antenna. No longer do I have any worries!! It is totally awesome. It's like having a ball and chain removed from both arms and both ankles. This is the only way to go!! Once you experience the freedom that this technology offers, you won't believe that you waited so long to make the switch! This is one of the biggest technology breakthroughs ever! Better than the change to FM from AM radios, or digital from analog servos.
TBM battery testing of the JR Spektrum Radio
We found that your transmitter battery will last 2 1/2 times longer with the new Spektrum module! We performed a series of tests and found that the standard rate of battery drain using a 72MHz module is 2 1/2 times higher than when a Spektrum module is installed. The current used by a JR 10X using a 72 MHz module is 170 MAh, while the same radio with a Spektrum transmitter module installed is just 70 MAh. Therefore the standard 1100 MAh battery pack in the JR 10X will last an incredible 15+ hours using Spektrum technology! Compared to the 6 hours of the 72 MHz modules, this is really great! I use a 2800 MAh LiIon battery in my 10X, so I can charge up just once a year or so! :)
TBM Range Testing of Spektrum - During testing using the JR Flight Log, I found that it is impossible to get the receiver to not receive any signal at all unless I turned off the transmitter at the switch. Line of sight testing by others shows that the range is way farther than necessary. It is impossible to see even the largest glider at a mile, so anything beyond that is superfluous. This is a given. Spektrum has a range way beyond a mile. So I decided to do some tougher testing. I put the transmitter in the house and put the plane in a detached garage 100 feet away. Both buildings are hurricane resistant. They have concrete walls reinforced with steel. Cell phones and portable phones do not work well in the house or garage and portable phones don't work at all from one building to the next. There is virtually no signal. However, the Spektrum still worked perfectly! It was unbelievable.
The JR Spektrum Flight Log was used to determine the signal quality and the Flight Log worked extremely well. Only with the JR system can you not only see but you can also record any hits. I am very impressed! JR has even raised the bar by categorizing "hits" into 3 levels! I the past we have only known about "hits" which is where the Rx loses signal and either the servos go crazy (PPM/FM) or they lockup/hold (PCM). Since going into hold is virtually impossible to have happen with Spektrum, JR devised a system to see when one of the antenna's loses signal, this is called a "Fade". If all antenna's (2 to 4) fade simultaneously but not long enough to put the Rx into "Hold", this is called a "Frame Loss". Finally if the signal is lost for about a second, the Rx goes into the familiar "Hold". Those are the three levels - Fades, Frame Loss, Hold.
With the transmitter and Rx in two different buildings, the signal was reduced to the point that the JR Flight Log was showing some fades, about one every 20 seconds. Keep in mind that there are 3 independent antennas (you can add a fourth if you desire), and each antenna is monitored not only by the JR Flight Log, but also by the amber light which is next to the antenna. I discovered that when the JR Flight Log shows a hit that the amber light blinks off. By putting up the interference of the two buildings, the light blinked occasionally, and the JR Flight Log recorded an antenna fade. What's really neat is that the Flight Log keeps track of the fades independently on the 3 antennas. For instance the Flight Log would tell me that I got 47 fades on antenna A, 84 fades on antenna B, 18 fades on the left remote antenna, and 15 on the right remote antenna. This is great stuff for geeks!
Then I put it to the real test. With the Rx and Tx still in the two different buildings, I covered Rx's with bricks, wood, steel plate, chicken wire, five hundred 4' servo extensions and more in hopes of blocking the signal. While I was able to increase the amount of antenna fades a little, I was never able to get even one frame loss (all antennas losing signal momentarily), and of course it never went into hold either. I spent a lot of time trying to get a frame loss. In the hours I tested it, I had hundreds of fades on each antenna, but there was nothing that I could do to block the signal to all the antennas at once, or even block the signal to one antenna repeatably. And believe me, I tried!
With all the benefits of the Spektrum system I will never use 72MHz again!
Important features to have (and use):
Throttle curve: All 3 radios also offer throttle curves. The carburetors on gas engines are not linear at all. At 1/2 open, they are at 85% power, and little happens between 1/2 open and fully open. Some people brag about hovering a 1/2 throttle, well, that's really almost full throttle! I have the throttle stick move the carburetor quicker at the beginning and at the end. This makes the throttle more linear. The DX7 has limitations as to how the curve is set while the 10X does not, so the 10X can give you the best fix.
Exponential: is available on lesser radios, but the 10X allows the exponential to be set independently in both directions which I call "independent expo". The most important use for this is with the elevator. I use 30% expo for up elevator (on low rate) but use no expo for down elevator. This makes the plane "feel" the same whether I am upright or inverted. When I'm upright I pull a little on the stick and the plane goes up a little, when I'm inverted and I push the same on the stick the plane goes up about the same. I also have more down elevator travel than up elevator travel, like 12 degrees down and 10 degrees up, but that's available with all radios. You also need to set up the expo so that the feel of the controls is the same at center when on low rates or high rates so that you can fly the plane somewhat like "normal" when you are in 3D rates. I talk about that in "How to set up your radio".
Flight Modes: Dual Rate and Exponential are important to have. The BIG and I mean BIG advantage of the 10X is the ability to have the ailerons, elevators and rudder all go from high to low rate (and in between) at the same time by flipping just one switch, not three switches. This is a BIG advantage (did I say that already?). The ability to control all the rates at once is called "Flight Modes". To see how to set up your radio for 3D, snaps, spins, normal flying, etc. and the importance of flight modes, see the "How to set up your radio page".
Flaperons: All 3 radios also offer "flaperons" so that you can mix the elevator to the ailerons to use the ailerons as flaps for extreme aerobatics. Some lesser radios offer this as well.
Stick Adjustments: my preference is to adjust the spring tension to as high as possible and make the sticks as long as possible and use a transmitter tray. I suggest that you do the same. This will give you the most precise control.
PCM vs FM: There are arguments both ways about which is best. People who say FM is better are idiots. Use PCM. If someone sees you using PCM and says you should be using FM, tell him I said he is an idiot. Just to clarify - it is OK to use FM, it is acceptable for many planes, but it is not better than PCM. Both systems will get radio hits. When an FM receiver gets hit it reacts wildly and ALWAYS does a violent death dance straight to the ground, tree or worse. Hopefully the hit is short and you can save it before the plane impales itself into your car. PCM simply ignores short hits and uses the last good signal to operate the plane so it does not do the death dance. If the hit is a second or two, it uses the last good signal, so if you were flying straight and level, you still fly straight and level. This is what you want it to do! See below in setting up your failsafe. If it never gets a good signal again, try to sell the plane immediately, don't wait for it to hit the ground. Yelling FORE is also acceptable, but no matter what, yell something so that people can avoid being hit and can shout out a bid before it hits. Believe me, FM would not have helped in this case, it just would have done the herky jerky before impact. If your idiot friend says "I told you so", then calmly go over to his plane, jump on it several times, and then say "Gene told me to do that because you are not only an idiot but also a complete ass".
Gyro: I find using a gyro to be very helpful in learning how to hover. Connecting the gyro to the rudder is easiest if you have just one rudder servo. If you connect the gyro to the elevators, then you must Y-harness the elevators together out of the gyro, and thus you have a problem getting the elevators to move together. You must set the gain as high as possible on the gyro to get it to help during low speed maneuvers. The problem is that you cannot fly with the gyro on. The high gain will cause the rudder to go crazy in normal flight. You must switch the gyro on just after you start to hover and must turn it off when you exit from the hover. Therefore you must be able to access the gyro from the transmitter.
Setting up Failsafe: You must set up for failsafe from your radio. Set all the servos to hold their last position except for the throttle which should go to idle, unless you are at Joe Nall where you set the engine to kill. Do not set the engine to kill unless you are instructed to by the field or event you are at. 99% of the time it will come back and you need the engine running to make that dramatic save!
1 or 2 receivers? Just use 1. There is an advantage to using 2 receivers in some failure modes, but it's not worth the other problems it causes. Use 2 battery packs on one receiver. This is about as safe as it gets. Be sure to glue or tape your Rx crystal in place, as they have been known to fall out and when that happens, you are in serious trouble.
3) right aileron - can be 1,2 or 3 channels if you choose a separate channel for each servo
And if you plan on using this radio for a warbird
So an aerobatic plane requires ports for the: throttle, 2 ailerons, 2 elevators and rudder. Optional are choke, smoke, and kill switch. Larger planes are actually identical if a power expander or Y-harnesses are used to split the aileron, elevator and rudder servos. Therefore a 7 channel system allows only 1 of the 3 options available. The 9303 is an excellent radio and allows all the options to be used at once. The 10X has a few more features, the touch screen being an important one.
WARNING - Gasoline and Turbine powered R/C model aircraft are not manufactured to withstand unlimited G's. Any R/C model aircraft can fail, be it a wing folding up or a fuselage breaking in half under too high of a load. Just as any full size aircraft, model R/C aircraft have a maximum G rating. Because you are not in the plane flying it and experiencing the G's and reading the G-meter, it is more difficult to judge the G's on the aircraft, and it is very easy to exceed the limits of the aircraft. Understand that if you perform a snap roll, parachute, wall, blender, knife edge loop, or pull hard on the elevator at almost any speed, you can be putting in excess of 15 G's, even in excess of 30 G's, and most aircraft can only designed to take 10-12 G's. If you perform any violent maneuver, you can break your plane. When I perform hard maneuvers, especially for the first time on an airframe, I am prepared for a failure and am prepared for it as best I can be. This mainly includes performing the maneuver far enough away from spectators that in event of a failure that I am not endangering others. In addition, be prepared for the manufacturer to not pay for a new airframe which is broken during flight. It is common practice for any manufacturer to not replace an airframe which breaks in the air or upon landing. I have only seen manufacturers replace airframes when they have received many of the same failures and the manufacturer determines that there was a design or manufacturing error. If you break an airframe, and you are the only one to do so, then it is probably not the fault of the manufacturer. Please fly safely, and avoid full throttle operation other than at low airspeeds.
R/C model jets, warbirds, aerobatic planes, DJI S1000 Octocopter, and UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to name a few are not a toy! If misused, it can cause serious bodily harm and property damage. Fly only in open areas, and AMA (Academy of Model Aeronautics) approved flying sites. Follow all manufacturer instructions included with your plane, radio, servo's, batteries and engine. Aircraft manufacturers guarantees each kit to be free from defects in both material and workmanship at the date of purchase. This warranty does not cover any component assembled by the customer. All parts of high stress must be inspected and reinforced if necessary by a competent builder. Some parts should be glued again. High stress areas such as firewalls, motor boxes, wing mounts, landing gear mounts, etc., are areas of high concern. Seek help if necessary. In not case shall TBM be liable for the cost of any product it offers which is not manufactured by TBM. The liability to the manufacturer cannot exceed the original cost of the purchased item. Further, TBM reserves the right to change or modify this warranty without notice. In that TBM has no control over the final assembly or materials used for final assembly, no liability shall be assumed nor accepted for any damage resulting from the use by the user of the final user-assembled product. By the act of using the user assembled product, the user accepts all resulting liability. The kit manufacturers have provided you with a top quality, thoroughly tested kit and instructions, but ultimately the quality and fly ability of your finished model depends on how you build it; therefore, we cannot in any way guarantee the performance of your completed model, and no representations are expressed or implied as to the performance or safety of your completed model. It is the user's responsibility to inspect each component for worthiness.


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Genetics test tomorrow.
Biochem test next week.
database project starts this week.
Challenges completed: LG Grass mono
Currently on my 3ds: Shuffle, X, OR, Rumble World
(If you defeated Elite 4 and want my safari, PM your time zone and your friend code. I am in US central so it's helpful if you tell me when will be good for us to get on so you can access my safari.)
Flying Safari:
I'm sitting on tons of homework now. I'm off for President's day today.
Yeah, I still have two reports to finish this week and I just can't find the motivation to get started. Luckily we have our winter break this week so at least I should have time to get them done.
Credits to Sworn Metalhead for the awesome banner!
My History teacher is nuts. We have a report due TOMORROW and he hasn't given the link for the website we need.
Started learning direct object pronouns in french today. My understanding of the french language has officially been flipped upside down.
Credit to FairyWitch for the banner
The long weekend is over, and now I have to go to bed and wake up in less than five hours for school. Luckily, I didn't have any homework.
Days Left (including today): 50
Hmm... study for my biology lab exam, do accounting homework, read story for American Literature II, or watch the newly released Game of Thrones season 2 blu-ray/dvd...
Yep, Game of Thrones it is.
My friend safari: Noibat, Gabite, Druddigon
Ugh. One full week off of school and I can pretty much guarantee that I'm going to get zero work done. Either that or frantically do all my homework and revision for my mocks on the eve of me returning to school.
It wouldn't be so bad if the holidays didn't go by so quickly....
Was that really it? Will wondered. Was that what they were all doing, looking for someone less different? Was that what he was doing? Rachel was dynamic and thoughtful and focused and caring and different in more ways than he could count, but the whole point of Rachel, as far as Will was concerned, was that she wasn't him. There was a flaw in Katrina's logic, then. This thing about looking for someone less different ... It only really worked, he realised, if you were convinced that being you wasn't so bad in the first place.
- Nick Hornby
I like to breed to Pokemon (except IV breeding, i have no interest in it)*. If you have any requests please PM or email me and I will see what I can do to help you. I also have TONS of items.**
Email: email@example.com (please include "username" @ serebii forums in the heading)
*I can breed all Pokemon in X&Y now.*
**Items are in BW & B2W2 only**
Pokemon Y friend code: 3797 - 7081 - 3314
Pokemon X friend code: 4296 - 4159 - 0229
If I didn't pass the Algebra test I had today, I fail Algebra.
On a lighter note, I passed a big report in English.
you know you had a lot of calculus homework if you went through 5 sheets of loose leaf paper in one night
I can relate to this. Speaking of calculus we got a six-page take home exam. I've been having a hard time in calculus failing the 2nd long exam Gladly I passed the midterm.you know you had a lot of calculus homework if you went through 5 sheets of loose leaf paper in one night
As expected today, my birthday always been a raining day.. I was soaking wet when I get in the our first class. (Great my uniforms wet). Chemistry exam is coming next and our mini thesis and research are due next week and next next week respectively! We haven't started yet!
✿If I have any worth, it is to live my LIFE for GOD✿
|| Multishipper || cr:baekhundred || #bumped || In
Got my report back on Tuesday. It's funny how I don't try whatsoever in English and History, yet the teachers still give me straight "Very Goods" and dote over me, while in the three Sciences I try my darndest best, and yet I still only manage to barely scrape two "Very Goods".
Even funnier, English isn't even my first language.
Credit to FairyWitch for the banner
I have good news and terrible news. I am failing both Algebra AND American History, that's the terrible news. The good news is, the Marking Period ends in April, so I still have some time.


text:
By Mary Beth Marklein, USA TODAY
Charities are seeing improvements in fundraising, but progress is slow, a report out today says.
Fewer charities reported declines in fundraising last year compared with 2009.
RELIEF: No donor rush to aid Japan
But a larger percentage of organizations reported bringing in about the same amount of revenue both years, says the report by the Nonprofit Research Collaborative, a coalition of six organizations that focus on philanthropy.
Just over half (52%) said they met fundraising goals, about the same (53%) as in a similar 2009 survey conducted by the Association of Fundraising Professionals, a member of the collaborative.
"While many organizations stopped the bleeding, giving simply didn't rebound like we thought it might, especially given the economic growth we saw in the last quarter of the year," says Paulette Maehara, CEO of the fundraising association.
Findings are based on responses from 1,616 charities to an online survey conducted in February. Among specifics:
•67% said they raised more money (43%) or the same amount (24%) in 2010 as they did in 2009. That's up from 54% in 2009. But it's well below the "boom years" from 2005 to 2007, when as many as 69% of organizations reported receiving more than the previous year.
•Giving was consistent across all types of charities, including arts, education, health and religion. International organizations were most likely to report growth in giving, but the survey notes that the pool of respondents was small, "so it is very difficult to use this result to generalize."
•No single type of fundraising was most effective, but groups that have ramped up opportunities for online giving are seeing a payoff.
Nearly 75% of the groups reported online or Internet fundraising. Among organizations that offered such opportunities, 58% saw an increase in giving.
The report notes that online giving is still a relatively small source of revenue; a survey released last month by collaborative member Blackbaud Inc. found that at most, online giving accounts for less than 10% of total contributions received. "It does take some time for organizations to make the investment in online fundraising and to learn how best to integrate that" into their fundraising strategy, says Una Osili, director of research at the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University, a collaborative member.
Some charitable groups are turning to even more electronic ways to make contributions.
The American Red Cross, for example, raised $32 million in donations via text messages after a magnitude-7.0 earthquake struck Haiti last year.
What's the appeal?
"It takes less time to click," Red Cross spokesman Roger Lowe says. "You feel like you've made a difference immediately."
We've updated the Conversation Guidelines. Changes include a brief review of the moderation process and an explanation on how to use the "Report Abuse" button. Read more.


text:
Mainframe Disaster Recovery Old Concepts and New Challenges
Listen to this webcast and hear Jon Toigo discuss this primer for data protection and data recovery in mainframe storage. Jon will examine the requirements and the challenges for building an effective mainframe storage data protection and recovery plan, with emphasis on techniques for auditing and testing the plan for greater recovery assurance.
Provided by: CA Topic: Data Centers Date Added: Oct 2010 Format: Webcast


text:
Beggars can't be choosers!
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Kiwi 2012-08-05 11:07
1279 Posts
Fatso Mashego has just asked for early termination of his contract for 5K. Crunching the numbers, I'd pay him more than 7K for the same period, so I am going to accept his offer.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 11:12
1279 Posts
Barkhuizen has departed Dynamos for the greener pastures of PSL side Bays Utd. We received 24K for the pleasure.
└ This post was edited by Kiwi (2012-08-05 11:38, 4 years ago)
Kiwi 2012-08-05 11:13
1279 Posts
Both the departures of Fatso Mashego and Barkhuizen were received positively by the Board and fans.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 11:25
1279 Posts
South Africa are currently ranked 16th in the world. Spain still hold onto top spot, even though they lost the last World Cup.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 11:33
1279 Posts
Appealing the WP for Addai, and another two week wait. Fingers crossed!
Kiwi 2012-08-05 11:36
1279 Posts
Wow, two very interesting pieces of information. My staff say to expect 14,000 people at the home match against Ajax CT, and we are favourites?!?
Kiwi 2012-08-05 12:38
1279 Posts
After the celebrations died down, Dynamos had run away with the PSL match 5-1 in front of 14,770 screaming fans.
Mashego scored early, Khripunkov scored a hatrick on debut, and youth utility Mhlongo came on for he last half hour and quickly entered himself in the scorebook.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 12:55
1279 Posts
Two new records were set during the demolition of Ajax CT;
Mhlongo became the youngest Dynamos goalscorer at 16 years and 303 days;
Khuzwayo became the youngest Dynamos player at 16 years and 100 days
Kiwi 2012-08-05 12:57
1279 Posts
And the ticket office have just confirmed that all 12,150 season tickets have been sold.
That means that we can look forward to great home support!
Kiwi 2012-08-05 13:23
1279 Posts
Onana is serving out him suspension in the reserves - for match fitness....and he seems to be doing well!
Kiwi 2012-08-05 13:51
1279 Posts
Over the last month, I have had three of my players leave their respective agents.
That *HAS* to be great news.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 14:05
1279 Posts
The good news is that Ahmed Shaaban has been granted his conditional WP and is moving to Dynamos.
There is bad news, despite waiting and waiting and waiting on the WP, I need to wait some more now, until he is eighteen, which means ninety nine percent of the way to the January transfer window.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 14:09
1279 Posts
Seidu Addai is now also a Dynamos players, after having his WP granted. It alleviates some of the concerns I had at right back....I've now got to check how/whether I can register him in time for the ACC.
Kiwi 2012-08-05 14:11
1279 Posts
Our final match of August was the rivals match against Black Leopards, at home.
To add some spice to the fixture, it was televised and we were victorious 2-0, but it was also special because it was our first ever sell out of our stadium!
Kiwi 2012-08-05 19:55
1279 Posts
Amazulu are also in the PSL, so I have to ask, what was wrong with our purchase offer, or loan offering for you? Why would you want to go to a lesser team??