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The graduate school of tactical training you say? really? I was a bit skeptical myself when I first saw the sign upon entering SCG International in Holly Springs, Mississippi, but that skepticism soon faded as I came to understand the level of detail in which the crew from SCG operated.
Rather than focusing on a single class from SCG, I'm going to give you the overall picture of what my experience has been like training with them for a total of 109 grueling hours. This includes, but is not limited to getting rolled up by Law Enforcement, collecting intelligence, operating on little to no sleep, and yes, even being required to get a woman's phone number.
Founded in 1996, SCG International provides government and private sectors with domestic and international security, logistics and training services. They specialize in protective security details, logistics, event/location security, corporate security, travel services, intelligence, film & television technical consulting, training, mobile training, risk & vulnerability assessment and K9.
SCG is led by former Central Intelligence Agency Officer Jamie Smith, who came on board as the CEO in 2002. Prior to taking the position, Smith served after as the first director of Blackwater Security Consulting. A company deeply rooted in tradecraft, SCG's HUMINT (Human Intelligence) course, one of the two I attended, is actually modeled after the Central Intelligence Agency's Field Tradecraft Course (FTC).
Headquartered in Virginia Beach, VA, they have offices worldwide and run their in-house classes at the SCG Training Center, located 30 miles south of Memphis in Holly Springs, Mississippi.
Sitting on 1,500 acres, the training center features a variety of ranges purpose-built for their unique course offerings, including indoor and outdoor simulators, reactive steel target ranges, moving steel ranges, 360 degree ranges and a 5,000 square-foot fully ballistic live-fire shoot house.
My training at SCG includes their Operator/PSD Selection Course which I went through back in October of last year, and their Tactical HUMINT Operations course which I attended in June of this year. There was a lot of carry over between the two classes which definitely helped reinforce the TTP's (tactics, techniques and procedures), yet the two courses were very different and challenging in their own ways.
The largest difference between the two was that in the OSC we weren't always given the lesson and academics to train up on prior to kicking us out for the practical exercises. This was done to determine our baseline of knowledge, pattern of thinking, and reasoning skills. Did we have a team focus and what would we do under the stress of a dynamically changing environment?
While we were taught the way SCG does things vs. other PMCs (Private Military Companies), for the most part your were being evaluated on what you were bringing to the table. In the HUMINT course we were truly being "taught" how to complete the objectives.
While the HUMINT course was based on gathering human intelligence and detecting & reporting hostile surveillance, the OSC was largely focused on PSD (Protective Security Detail) operations. The OSC is also a pre-requisite to gaining employment with SCG.
Even though I mention that the OSC was largely focused on PSD operations, all employees of SCG need to be able to have a firm understanding in HUMINT operations, as that's one of their functions as a company. So there was plenty of carryover in regard to what was presented in the HUMINT course.
HUMINT is paramount in COIN (counter insurgency) operations. The struggle between the government and insurgents for loyalty and support of the populace has tremendous implications that HUMINT can manipulate. The greatest threat to insurgents is effective HUMINT.
Both of the classes I attended were taught and evaluated by "D" and "Ski," who are two of the sharpest, most knowledgeable instructors I've ever had the pleasure of working with either in the Military or civilian training. All of SCG's instructors are active operators in the company, which added a realism I haven't found in other courses. Not to say I haven't attended courses by those who have "been there and done that," but the real-world examples that were given to us really drove home the instruction.
One of the fundamentals behind SCG courses is the continuous mention of these three questions:
I can't stress how important it is to question anything you're doing and constantly evaluate it. SCG isn't just teaching the how, but the why.
All their training exercises and evolutions at SCG come straight from their real-world operations and what they've experienced. The good, bad and the ugly. Also, you can fail their courses and be sent home. We had that happen to a guy during the OSC I attended, so there's no guarantee you'll earn a certificate of completion in any of their courses.
Let's get into the nitty gritty of my experience and the scenario that unraveled from the minute I entered the AO during both classes.
Something that truly rounded out the attention to detail SCG puts into all their instruction, were the periodic intelligence updates during the course. Just as real intel is disseminated to the field, our team received real-time updates that were pushed out via email and text message.
As we knew from our welcome packets, we were entering DROK, or the Democratic Republic of Krasnovikstan. A comprehensive break down of the current political climate, laws (including that Sharia Law was imposed) and travel advisories was also made available to us before entering. This was just like a mix between the travel advisories from the Department of State and information from the CIA World Factbook (you do read this stuff before you travel, right?)
It was clear that from the moment we received our packets that the role-playing and scenario was in full effect and we should assume we'd be under surveillance at all times in DROK. This kind of nervous anticipation does numbers on you both mentally and physically and only adds to the ghosts, or suspicious people, you think are around. Remember from The Moscow Rules, one sighting is an accident, twice is coincidence, three times is enemy action.
Ski really hammered it home that you should always mentally note anything that looks out of the ordinary and write it down later. It may be nothing, but at least there's a record of it that can be referred to if it happens again.
The objectives of each of the courses at SCG were similar, but different in many ways. My team in the OSC was on the lookout for the same Al-Qaeda courier as we were in the HUMINT course, and we were gaining intel on captured americans in both courses as well.
With the OSC our objective was to actively use our IO (Intelligence Officer who was a role-player) to gain that intelligence, report it up the chain, and act as the boots on the ground to find the captured americans. In HUMINT, we were acting as IOs ourselves, much like we would in a small-unit HUMINT operation overseas.
Our objective here was to gain intelligence, report it up the chain, and detect and report hostile surveillance. Not necessarily act on the intel ourselves.
Each course had multiple role-players, which added to the realism of walking into meetings and weapons buys not knowing who you'll encounter. That coupled with active participation from local Law Enforcement made for one stressed out week of training, make that two weeks.
The Holly Springs area is a small town where everyone knows everyone. This is something you could definitely run into on an intelligence gathering assignment, and one where your cover is truly a priority.
As some of you may know already, there are two types of cover. Cover for status and cover for action. Basically this means that you need to have a reason for being in or working in a country (CFS), and an explanation for your movements and purpose in everything you're doing (CFA).
For instance, I carried a carpenter's measuring tape with me in the vehicle to play into my cover for status as a construction worker building resources for DROK. Medical related professions and public relations are also good cover for status overseas.
To effectively use your cover you must be prepared to answer questions that might arise from the attention you attract in a small town. Much like the questions you'd be asked by a Customs Agent when traveling, What is your business here? Where are you from? How long will you be here?
There's definitely no place in the world of intelligence for the meek. You have to be sharp witted, able to think on the fly, and know your cover and stick to it.
When working with a team, it's imperative that everyone is on the same page when it comes to your cover. I, along with my team, learned this the hard way when Law Enforcement rolled us up during a mobile meeting. When the officers that detained us started poking around and searching our vehicles they found body armor, issues of SWAT Magazine, and my concealed carry weapon (on me). Yes, I wasn't using my head. I was more worried about protection than thinking about the role-playing scenario, which was a disconnect I was able to fix when going back for my second class at SCG.
As I've made evident in the above example, another important aspect when working under a cover is proper sterilization. Nobody realized how important it was and everyone took it for granted. With those simple mistakes our whole cover was blown. How could we explain those things under the cover we were under or the political climate we were in?
Let me also add to know your AO by conducting good area fams prior to hitting the ground and getting eyes on once you're there.
While we were being fed our regular intel updates, collecting our own intelligence to move our objectives forward and developing our tradecraft (see below), there was never a shortage of busy work or taskers.
Our taskers kept us constantly moving and on our feet ready for anything, alternatively this also ensured we were in condition orange 24/7 (bordering on red). Unlike other courses you may have been to that stop for lunch and end the day with everyone sitting around bullshitting, this isn't one of them. There's always work after class to prepare for the next day's brief, a late night call to meet with a source, or worrying whether tonight will be the night DROK Police come to search your room while you're sleeping.
The taskers usually included developing our ability to case the establishments where we ate lunch and additionally develop our HUMINT gathering abilities. Casing? Yep, just like a Sniper draws detailed maps, so did we. We knew the ins and outs of a building, where the fortified structures were, where the entrances and exits were, colored structure references (see photo, right), even how many people were working.
I actually continue to practice this skill often when my wife and I are out to eat or at a bar. I'd always paid attention to exits before, but never could I sit down, make one trip to the bathroom, and be able to sketch the building layout, camera locations, and everything in-between on a bar napkin.
did I mention that everything we were assigned to do had to be briefed afterward or the next day? Our briefs always included presenting detailed maps and sketches of the area on the white board while verbally running through our every move on site. I'm usually good at public speaking, but the breadth of the information and detailed timetables I was presenting felt overwhelming at times.
One thing that I was guilty of in both classes was carrying around copious notes containing sensitive information. Obviously my example of sketching a building on a bar napkin doesn't fly when you're trying to be discreet, but neither does thinking your going to eat your notes if you're in trouble.
So what exactly is tradecraft? Tradecraft is acquired methods and natural talents used to get the job done. Simple as that, essentially it's skill-sets.
Our tradecraft differed a little bit in the OSC than HUMINT, but again there was a lot of carryover. Below is just a taste of the content presented at SCG:
What we didn't get into during the HUMINT course was PSD (Protective Security Detail) work. While we were expected to have a firm understanding of PSD work in the OSC, we went over fundamentals like attack-on-principal, formations, covering and evacuating the VIP, drop-offs and pickups, IADs (immediate action drills), and vehicle bailouts.
In all PSD work the objective is to protect your VIP from harm, harassment and embarrassment while providing concentric rings of security.
SDRs are pre-planned, timed, routes of travel and stops, executed to detect and, if necessary, manipulate surveillance in order to accomplish an operational objective. SDRs are the tradecraft ace in the hole.
Through the use of these routes you'll be focused on detecting surveillance through the route you plan, not chicken-necking to get a glimpse of who's potentially following you. SDRs are also a great way for your team to run counter surveillance on you to see if you're being followed.
For instance, during our HUMINT class, our team spent countless hours calculating SDRs to and from clandestine meetings with sources. We were lucky to have a member of our team that had lived in the AO and was truly a valuable area expert.
Using our SDRs we were able to have a vehicle running counter surveillance along our SDR by simply parking along the pre-determined route and noting if we had surveillance on us. Communications are also invaluable in this situation.
I think one of the coolest parts of the HUMINT course was learning about Dead Drops and getting a homework assignment to create our own one night before class the next day. I've always had an affinity for the history behind Dead Drops and was excited to create my own. We had to subsequently use one to pass money for some information from a source.
If you're unfamiliar with Dead Drops, these are simply an impersonal communication method to pass a message covertly.
One area that I feel made the SCG truly shine was their instruction on combatives and focus on fitness. During the first hour of the OSC there was a fitness test with a timed run, push-ups, pull-ups and sit-ups. They strive to ensure their operators are in top physical condition, to truly be able to handle any situation.
The SCG Combatives Program teaches you how to handle yourself in situations where your hands are your only weapons. It's not realistic to think that you're going to shoot your way out of every situation, and bringing a gun into certain environments could ruin your cover and potentially take an operation months or years in planning and ruin it, just like that.
Rather than continue to explain SCG Combatives, I'd like to segue into a video I was able to film with D explaining the program.
Remember… Buddies, Weapons and Options…
While the OSC or the HUMINT course weren't dedicated shooting courses, we did spend a lot of time on the range. This was not only to ensure everyone qualified during the OSC, but to drive home the correlation between armed and unarmed combat.
Combatives has a large carry-over into range techniques, where the same stances that are the baseline for combatives are also the baseline for drawing from a holster. Watching someone's hands rather than their face is also an important consideration when dealing with a potentially hostile individual.
While your brain is the first line of defense, ensuring you have marksmanship fundamentals down certainly doesn't hurt. The one-on-one instruction I received during some of the HUMINT concealed carry pistol work was especially beneficial. D was able to spot an inconsistency in my sight alignment that I'd never noticed before, and once corrected, dramatically improved my performance.
You'll see him in the photos and video watching me like a hawk!
During the OSC we were able to get into using the SCG Shoot House, which is truly a remarkable live-fire facility. 5,000 square feet of ballistic AR500 steel complete with a simulated airplane fuselage, jail cells, and meth lab.
Here's a video walk-through of the awesomness! You'll have to excuse the sound in this particular video, it was raining during the walkthrough and it sounds like static.
I've never quite connected with training courses like I did with these from SCG International. I attribute that to the level of dedication, professionalism and passion for teaching that both D and Ski brought to the courses.
SCG looks at training from the "whole operator" perspective, which is how I feel that we should all look at our lives and training programs. Mental and emotional discipline, physical ability, managing stress, integrity, thinking on your feet, and having the intelligence to make the right decisions at all times are what separates the sheepdog from the flock.
My personal take on SCG is nothing short of outstanding, they hold themselves to an ethical standard that I both admire and respect. I wouldn't hesitate taking another class from them to further my experience and knowledge base.
A special thanks to not only D and Ski, but to all my classmates from both classes, who I look forward to training and working with again in the future.
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Looks like they've likely closed shop since the wikileaks episodes... Seems like some kind of 'black ops' arrangement --- best to close shop for a while i guess. http://www.rt.com/news/stratfor-syria-regime-change-063/
Looks like they've likely closed shop since the wikileaks episodes...
Seems like some kind of 'black ops' arrangement --- best to close shop for a while i guess.
Any idea what name SCG is doing business under at this time?
Have worked in the S-2 SEC my last 5yrs in the GANG/GADOD, LEO, and currently in security. This info is great stuff, I love reading good info that feeds the soul. I would like to see some stuff on domestic terrorism here in the United States, especially on the southern borders.
Kao, they do hire the students that go through their OSC (Operator Selection Course). They should have pricing on their Website.
Are they only a school, or do they contract jobs as well? I wonder if they hire their students?
Sounds like a great course of instruction, how much does it cost?
Are they only a school, or do they contract jobs as well? I wonder if they hire their students? Sounds like a great course of instruction, how much does it cost?
Very cool .
Bryan I was wondering about the first two pics in the article.In the first your briefing shows the building with the color codes I remember ,but in the second the red and green sides are transposed.
Excellent write up Bryan. I have been a fan of SCG for a long while. While stationed in KY I was trying to get to one of their courses but spent too much time overseas and missed out. I haven't forgotten about them and check their schedules frequently trying to plan an opportunity. Hard not to imagine the benefit of going through OSC and HUMINT. Too much knowledge right there from some real smart guys.
Videos and write up were on point, and I am sure lots of us are jealous.
Excellent write up Bryan. I have been a fan of SCG for a long while. While stationed in KY I was trying to get to one of their courses but spent too much time overseas and missed out. I haven't forgotten about them and check their schedules frequently trying to plan an opportunity. Hard not to imagine the benefit of going through OSC and HUMINT. Too much knowledge right there from some real smart guys. Videos and write up were on point, and I am sure lots of us are jealous.
John, SCG does vet people, but both the OSC and HUMINT courses are open to civilians with certain qualifications. Best thing to do is contact them directly.
Thanks for the comment and question!
~ Bryan
That sounds like some really unique training. Great write-up, too. Do you know which, if any, of their courses are restricted (i.e. LE/MIL only)? I looked around their website and didn't find anywhere that specifically stated as much. I can imagine some strong carryover for civilians in the OSC and HUMINT courses, but I wouldn't be too surprised if those were restricted.
That sounds like some really unique training. Great write-up, too. Do you know which, if any, of their courses are restricted (i.e. LE/MIL only)? I looked around their website and didn't find anywhere that specifically stated as much. I can imagine some strong carryover for civilians in the OSC and HUMINT courses, but I wouldn't be too surprised if those were restricted. Thanks.
John, SCG does vet people, but both the OSC and HUMINT courses are open to civilians with certain qualifications. Best thing to do is contact them directly. Thanks for the comment and question! ~ Bryan
Mmm..I had no idea there was such a training facility in my own state. One of their courses will go on my to do list lol.
I am jealous. I have been wanting to hit this school for a while. Awesome writeup!
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My daughter loves to watch me play this brightly-colored game, but she doesn't need to see daddy lose his cool when daddy gets owned, lol. This will make it pure fun.
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Wayne County is located in southeast Michigan. The County Seat is Detroit and the largest city is Detroit. The Official Web Site is located at http://www.waynecounty.com/. The 2014 population estimate is 1,764,804 and the 2010 census population was 1,820,641. The land area is 612.08 square miles and there are 2974.4 persons per square mile.
54.7% of the population is White, 39.6% is Black or African American, 5.6% is Hispanic or Latino, 2.9% is Asian, 0.5% is American Indian or Alaska Native, 0% is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 2.3% is two or more races. 84.1% have a high school degree or higher, and 21.3% have a Bachelor degree or higher.
The median home value is $86,800, there are 670,987 households, an average of 2.66 persons per household. The per capita income is $22,308, the median household income is $41,184, and 24.5% of the persons in Wayne County are considered below poverty level.
The total number of firms, at last estimate, was 137,728. Retail sales (in $1000) were $17,275,751, and sales per capita were $8,720. The percentage of black-owned firms is 28.6%, and the percentage of women-owned firms is 36.7%.
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Low Carb Chipotle Barbecue Sauce
Total Time
Prep 5 mins
Cook 20 mins
Whew! I thought I lost this recipe, I've been meaning to post it for ages! Anything that makes me feel like I'm eating like a "civilian", despite the diabetes, is a plus in my book. The original recipe, which was from the Santa Fe New Mexican, had 1 tbs. of molasses in it - I leave it out, but you could use it if you wish. Hope you enjoy this!
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 garlic cloves, minced
- 6 scallions, chopped
- 1⁄4 cup olive oil
- 1⁄4 cup Splenda sugar substitute
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 2 teaspoons dry mustard
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons paprika
- 1 teaspoon chili powder (New Mexican)
- 1⁄2 teaspoon black pepper
- 2 cups water
- 1⁄4 cup cider vinegar
- 2 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce
- 2 chipotle chiles in adobo, minced
- 1 tablespoon molasses (optional)
- 1 (6 ounce) can tomato paste
- 1 tablespoon liquid smoke
- Saute garlic and scallions in olive oil until just beginning to brown.
- Stir in Splenda, salt, mustard, paprika, chili powder, water, vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, chipotle chilies, and molasses, if using.
- Simmer for 10 minutes over low heat, stirring occasionally.
- Whisk tomato paste and liquid smoke into the mixture.
- Simmer another 10 minutes.
- Cool and store in refrigerator for up to one week.
Most Helpful
I have to say, this is pretty good. I didn't have the Splenda or Chipolte, so I substituted Truvia and 1 Jalapeno. I also mixed in corn starch to thicken it up. Not too bad.
Excellent recipe! We've been trying to cut out sugars, and up until now thought that was going to mean never enjoying BBQ again. This sauce came out the perfect consistency, and had just the right amount of heat to it. I made a few changes out of necessity: 3 scallions (as that's all I had), 5 packets of Truvia instead of the Splenda, no molasses, I couldn't find my bottle of liquid smoke, and I accidentally used distilled instead of cider vinegar. The whole family really enjoyed it. Thank you!
My husband loved this--he was so excited to have "real" BBQ'd chicken again. I can't say I'm crazy about the artificial sugar, but I'm crazy about my man and will do what I can to please his palate!


text:
Nunn Bush Men's Squall Boat Shoe Reviews
Rated 4.1 out of 5 by 16reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by 1114 Very good shoe Very well made shoe and just what I was looking for. November 3, 2014
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Rated 5 out of 5 by FriNiteBowler Comfortable to wear all day. I tried them on and left them on my feet all day. They are my style of moccasin where I can where them for any occasion. I needed to break them in a little, but so far very comfortable. I will have to see if they last for a year with daily wearing. November 18, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Gabriellacpm great They are great to September 16, 2014


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Legislative Item
File Number: 061862
|Printable PDF Format
|File Number: 061862
|File Type: Ordinance
|Status: Amended
|Version: 0
|Control: County Commission
|Requester: NONE
|Final Action:
|Sunset Provision: No
|Effective Date:
|Expiration Date:
|Registered Lobbyist:
|None Listed
Legislative History
|Acting Body
|Agenda Item
|Sent To
|Due Date
|Board of County Commissioners
|(See Agenda Item 7B Amended, Legislative File Number 062223, for amended version.)
|County Attorney
|Gerald T. Heffernan
|Intergov., Recreation & Cultural Affairs Cmte.
|1E1 Amended
|Forwarded to BCC with a favorable recommendation with committee amendment(s)
|Amended legislated File no. 061862. Motion was made by Commissioner Giminez, seconded by Vice Chairwoman Edmonson and upon being put to a vote passed unanimously 4-0. Assistant County Attorney Monica Maldonado read the foregoing proposed ordinance into the record. The public hearing was opened by Chairwoman Heyman; however, it was closed after no one appeared in response to Chairwoman Heyman's call for persons wishing to be heard in connection with the foregoing proposed ordinance. Commissioner Jose Diaz appeared before the Committee as a sponsor of the foregoing proposed ordinance. He provided an overview of the ordinance and noted if it was adopted by the County Commission, he would become a voting member. The ordinance would attract more people to be part of the Sports Commission, he noted, mainly to bring funds to the organization. In response to Commissioner Gimenez' concern regarding the number of voting members, Commissioner Diaz stated language was being proposed which would provide that eleven (11) board members, plus no more than four (4) members from the Board as a whole shall make up the Executive Committee. He noted the Executive Committee shall and may exercise all authority of the Board except as otherwise provided by law; the Executive Committee by a majority vote may select and appoint additional directors to a maximum of 45 voting members; the 11 Board Members as appointed by ordinance shall review all Board Members on an annual basis by majority vote. Commissioner Diaz stated with this language in place the Executive Committee would control and keep 11 members. In response to Vice Chairman Moss' concern regarding who appoints the Chairman of the Sports Commission, Mr. Mike Sophia, Executive Director, Miami Dade Sports Commission explained the 11 Board Members would vote for the Chairman. Vice Chairman Moss suggested that the Chairman be appointment by the Board of Directors to retain control and direction of the process. Assistant County Attorney Monica Maldonado explained that the county attorneys would work on the language to make the 11 Board Members ultimately responsible, and allow them to override the decision of the 45 voting members. Hearing no further questions or comments, the Committee proceeded to vote on the foregoing proposed ordinance.
|Legislative Text
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, that:
Section 1. Section 2-1602 of Article CVII of the Code of Miami-Dade County, Florida, is amended to read as follows:1
Sec. 2-1602. Promotion and Attraction of
[[Amateur ]]Sports.
The Authority shall promote, attract and solicit adult and youth [[amateur]] sports from throughout the United States and within Miami-Dade County to the greatest extent feasible and shall strive to generate and further community support to achieve this purpose, including working closely with the County's Parks Department so as not to compete for events and to use each other as a resource.
Section 2. Section 2-1603 of Article CVII of the Code of Miami-Dade County, Florida, is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 2-1603. Governing Body.
(a) Composition and appointment. The governing body of the Commission shall be a board of directors that consists of >>eleven (11)<< [[nine (9)]] voting members from the following organizations >>and any additional members selected by the Executive Committee pursuant to (c) below<<:
(1) >>The County Manager, Deputy County Manager, or Assistant County Manager<< [[A representative from the County Manager's Office ]];
(2) [[A representative from the]] >>The Director of the<< Miami-Dade Parks Department;
(3) A representative from the Miami-Dade League of Cities;
(4) A representative who is involved in collegiate athletics from one of the local colleges or universities >>, to be selected by the board of directors<<;
(5) A representative from the Miami-Dade School Board;
(6) A representative from the Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau;
(7) A representative from the Greater Miami and the Beaches Hotel Association;
(8) A representative from The Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce;
(9) A representative from The Orange Bowl Committee.
(10) >>A member of the Board of County Commissioners to be appointed by the Chairman or Chairperson of the Board of County Commissioners.<<
(11) >>A member of the Board of County Commissioners to be appointed by the Chairman or Chairperson of the Board of County Commissioners.<<
Each organization shall appoint its representative to the board of directors >>.<< [[, except for the representative involved in collegiate athletics from one of the local Collages or universities who will be appointed by the Board of County Commissioners.]] When making a selection, each organization shall consider that the voting members should reflect the gender, racial, ethnic or cultural make-up of the community.
[[Two members of the Board of County Commissioners shall also serve as non-voting, ex-officio members of the Commission. ]]
(b) Qualifications. Each member of the Commission shall be a United States citizen, a duly qualified elector of Miami-Dade County, and shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 211-38 of the Code of Miami-Dade County. Before taking any official action, each voting member shall take the prescribed oath of office. Members of the Commission shall serve without compensation but shall be entitled to reimbursement for necessary expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties. [[Members of the Board shall also be committed to using their best efforts to raise additional funds from the private sector in a total amount not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) collectively to match Miami-Dade County's fiscal contribution.]]
(c) >>Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall consist of the eleven (11) members of the board of directors appointed by the organizations listed in (a) above. The Executive Committee may, by majority vote, select and appoint up to thirty-four (34) additional voting members to the board of directors. The Executive Committee may expand its membership up to four (4) additional members selected from the board of directors. The Executive Committee, upon a majority vote, may veto any action taken by the board of directors.<<
[[ Term. The voting members of the Commission shall serve terms of three (3) years each. No voting member shall serve more than two (2) consecutive terms of three (3) years each. Members may be removed in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 2-11.38 of the Code of Metropolitan Dade County. The Board of County Commissioners shall appoint two (2) ex- officio non-voting members from time to time.]]
(d) Vacancies. Each organization shall appoint a new representation within one month when its appointee resigns or is removed from the Commission.
(e) Modified applicability of Conflict of Interest and Code of Ethics Ordinance. The Metropolitan Dade County Conflict of Interest and Code of Ethics Ordinance (the "Conflict of Interest Ordinance"), Section 211.1 of the Code of Metropolitan Dade County, Florida, shall be applicable to the members of the Commission only in the manner and to the extent provided in the next sentence. It is declared to be the intent of the Commission, as expressed in this subsection, to provide that the Conflict of Interest Ordinance shall not operate to preclude individuals from serving as Commission members on the basis of interests relating to Miami-Dade County when such interests do not conflict with the Commission.
(f) Organization and Procedure. The board of directors shall elect one (1) of its members as chairperson and one of its members as vice-chairperson whom shall both serve a term of two (2) years and such other officers as the board of directors may determine to be necessary.
* * *
Section 3. Section 2-1604 of Article CVII of the Code of Miami-Dade County, Florida, is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 2-1604. Powers and Duties of the Commission.
The Commission, acting through its governing body shall have the following powers, duties, function and responsibilities.
(a) To attract quality [[amateur ]]sporting events to Miami-Dade County in cooperation with the County' s Parks Department that will result in economic benefit to Miami-Dade County through tourism activity and improve the quality of life of its citizens and showcase the Miami-Dade County area and its many athletic facilities to a local, national and international audience.
* * *
Section 4. Section 2-1605 of Article CVII of the Code of Miami-Dade County, Florida, is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 2-1605. Financial support for the Commission.
The Commission shall establish a fiscal year that coincides with that of Miami-Dade County, and the County Manager shall provide financial support to the Commission by including the amount of $250,000 in the official Miami-Dade County budget each year unless directed otherwise by the Board of County Commissioners. The amount provided to the Commission may be increased or decreased by the Board from time to time. The board of directors shall submit a requisition to the Finance Director in a form acceptable by the Finance Director for the dispersal of funds as needed. [[The Board approves an initial payment of $25,000 to the Commission without further approval so the Commission may commence activities.]] The Commission shall timely submit to the Board of County Commissioners a budget request pertaining to operating and capital expenditures for the succeeding fiscal year, which request shall not be implemented until approved by the Board of County Commissioners.
* * *
Section 5. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause or provision of this ordinance is held invalid, the remainder of this ordinance shall not be affected by such invalidity.
Section 6. It is the intention of the Board of County Commissioners, and it is hereby ordained that the provisions of this ordinance, including any sunset provision, shall become and be made a part of the Code of Miami-Dade County, Florida. The sections of this ordinance may be renumbered or relettered to accomplish such intention, and the word "ordinance" may be changed to "section," "article," or other appropriate word.
Section 7. This ordinance shall become effective ten (10) days after the date of enactment unless vetoed by the Mayor, and if vetoed, shall become effective only upon an override by this Board.
1 Words stricken through and/or [[double bracketed]] shall be deleted. Words underscored and/or >>double arrowed<< constitute the amendment proposed. Remaining provisions are now in effect and remain unchanged.
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text:
Acute Respiratory Infections (Update September 2009)
Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) belong to the same family Paramyxoviridae. Their importance as respiratory pathogens in young children has been recognized for over 40 years, yet the development of vaccines against RSV or PIV has been hampered by several factors, including the risk of potentiation of naturally occurring disease, as was observed in the early 1960s (see below).
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses (PIV) belong to the same family Paramyxoviridae. Their importance as respiratory pathogens in young children has been recognized for over 40 years, yet the development of vaccines against RSV or PIV has been hampered by several factors, including the risk of potentiation of naturally occurring disease, as was observed in the early 1960s (see below). RSV is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) in infants and children worldwide [16] , being responsible for 70 000 to 126 000 infant hospitalizations for pneumonia or bronchiolitis every year in the USA alone. The elderly also are at risk for severe RSV disease [19] [188] and 14 000 to 62 000 RSV-associated hospitalizations of the elderly occur annually in the USA [189].
Human parainfluenza viruses types 1, 2 and 3 (PIV1, PIV2 and PIV3, respectively) are second only to RSV as important causes of viral LRI in young children [10] , being recovered from 18% young children [190] , with upper respiratory illness (URI), 22% with LRI and 64% with croup [191] . PIV-1 and PIV-2 are the principal causes of croup, which occurs mostly in children 6 to 48 months of age, whereas PIV-3 causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia predominantly in children less than 12 months of age.
Disease Burden
RSV infection
Human RSV infection, the single most important cause of severe respiratory illness in infants and young children and the major cause of infantile bronchiolitis, is the most frequent cause of hospitalization of infants and young children in industrialized countries [192] . In the USA alone, from 85 000 to 144 000 infants with RSV infection are hospitalized annually [17] , resulting in 20%-25% of pneumonia cases and up to 70% of bronchiolitis cases in the hospital [193] [194] . Global RSV disease burden is estimated at 64 million cases and 160 000 deaths every year.
RSV disease spectrum actually includes a wide array of symptoms, from rhinitis and otitis media to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Humans are the only known reservoir for RSV. Spread of the virus from contaminated nasal secretions occurs via large respiratory droplets, and close contact with an infected individual or contaminated surface is required for transmission. The virus can persist for several hours on toys or other objects, which explains the high rate of nosocomial RSV infections, particularly in paediatric wards. In the USA, nearly all children by 24 months of age have been infected at least once with RSV, and about half have experienced two infections [195].
Children who experience RSV infection early in life run a high risk of subsequent recurrent wheezing and asthma [196] [197] [198] , especially premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, for whom preventive passive immunization with anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies such as Palivizumab is highly recommended [199] [200] [201] . RSV-infected infant sera and nasal secretions show a marked increase in levels of Th-2 cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4 and MIP-1?, as well as of non-neutralizing IgE antibodies. The RSV G protein is believed to induce the release of large amounts of Th-2 cytokines and MIP-1? from CD4+ T cells and mast cells, basophils and monocytes, that trigger increased pulmonary eosinophilia and asthma exacerbation [202] . Repeated RSV infection in a mouse model similarly induces persistent airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness which are characteristics of asthma [203] [204] [205].
Infants who had been immunized with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine in the 1960s similarly experienced enhanced RSV disease and pulmonary eosinophilia upon subsequent RSV infection, leading to numerous hospitalizations and two deaths [206] [207] [208] , probably due to skewing of the immune response towards a Th-2 response and failure of the vaccine to induce a CD8+ T cell response [209] [210].
RSV also is a significant problem in the elderly [188] , in persons with cardiopulmonary diseases [211] and in immunocompromized individuals [212] . RSV attack rates in nursing homes in the USA are approximately 5%-10% per year with a 2%-8% case fatality rate, amounting to approximately 10 000 deaths per year among persons >64 years of age [213] ]. Among elderly persons followed for 3 consecutive winters, RSV infection accounted for 10.6% of hospitalizations for pneumonia, 11.4% of hospitalizations for obstructive pulmonary disease, 5.4% for congestive heart failure and 7.2% for asthma [214].
Few population-based estimates of the incidence of RSV disease in developing countries are available, although existing data clearly indicate that the virus accounts for a high proportion of ARIs in children. Studies in Brazil, Colombia and Thailand suggest that RSV causes 20-30% of ARI cases in children from 1-4 years of age, a proportion similar to that in industrialized countries. Another confusing aspect of the epidemiology of RSV infection is the seasonality of the disease. In Europe and North America, RSV disease occurs as well-defined seasonal outbreaks during the winter and spring months. Studies in developing countries with temperate climates, such as Argentina, have shown a similar seasonal pattern. On the other hand, studies in tropical countries often have reported an increase in RSV in the rainy season but this has not been a constant finding. Cultural and behavioral patterns in the community might also affect the acquisition and spread of RSV infection.
Parainfluenza virus infection
Parainfluenza viruses also cause a spectrum of respiratory illnesses, from upper respiratory infections, 30-50% of which are complicated by otitis media, to lower respiratory infections, about 0.3% of which require hospitalization. Most children are infected by human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) by the age of two years and by parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2 (PIV-1 and PIV-2) by the age of five years [191] . PIV-3 infections are second only to RSV infections as a viral cause of serious ARI in young children. Pneumonia and bronchiolitis from PIV-3 infection occur primarily in the first 6-12 months of life, as is the case for RSV infection [190] . Croup is the signature clinical manifestation of infection with other parainfluenza viruses, especially PIV-1, and is the chief cause of hospitalization from parainfluenza infections in children two to six years of age [191] . The proportions of hospitalizations associated with PIV infection vary widely in hospital-based studies. Consequently, the annual estimated rates of hospitalization fall within a broad range: PIV-1 is estimated to account for 5,800 to 28,900 annual hospitalizations in the USA, PIV-2 for 1,800 to 15,600 hospitalizations, and PIV-3 for 8,700 to 52 000 hospitalizations. Along with RSV, parainfluenza viruses are also leading causes of hospitalization in eldrly with community-acquired respiratory disease.
PIV-1 causes large, well-defined outbreaks, marked by sharp biennial rises in cases of croup in the autumn of odd-numbered years. Outbreaks of infection with PIV-2, though more erratic, usually follow type 1 outbreaks. Outbreaks of PIV-3 infections occur on a yearly basis, mainly in spring and summer. Although PIV-1, -2 and -3 have been described as a cause of ARI in developing countries, the corresponding disease burden has not been accurately determined in these countries.
Reinfection with any of the parainfluenza viruses and/or with RSV can occur throughout life [215] , usually resulting in mild upper respiratory infections in young adults, but causing severe disease in immunocompromized patients [16] [216] [217].
RSV and parainfluenza viruses belong to the family Paramyxoviridae. These are enveloped viruses with a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome.
Human RSV, together with its close relative bovine RSV, belongs to the subfamily Pneumovirinae, genus Pneumovirus. Its genome is a 15 222 nucleotide-long, negative-sense RNA molecule which encodes 11 viral proteins, among which the nucleoprotein (N), the fusion protein (F), the surface glycoprotein (G), the matrix protein (M) and several non-structural proteins including the L protein (replicase) and virulence factors NS1 and NS2 that mediate resistance to IFN-?/? [218] . The tight association of the RNA molecule with the viral N protein forms a nucleocapsid wrapped inside the viral envelope, from which protrude viral proteins F, G and SH. The RSV G protein was shown to be a structural and functional mimetic of fractalkine, a proinflammatory CX3C chemokine that mediates leucocyte migration and adhesion [219] , which explains its role in pathogenesis [220] [221] [222].
The fusion protein F and attachment glycoprotein G are the only two components that induce RSV neutralizing antibodies. The sequence of the F protein is highly conserved among RSV isolates. In contrast, that of the G protein is relatively variable [223] : two serogroups of RSV strains have been described, the A and B groups, based on differences in the antigenicity of the G glycoprotein. Current efforts are directed towards the development of a vaccine that will incorporate strains in both groups, or will be directed against the conserved F protein (for a review, see [224]).
Parainfluenza viruses belong to the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, itself subdivided into three genera: Respirovirus (PIV-1, PIV-3, and Sendai virus (SeV)), Rubulavirus (PIV-2, PIV-4 and mumps virus) and Morbillivirus (measles virus, rinderpest virus and canine distemper virus (CDV)). Their genome, a ~15 500 nucleotide-long negative-sense RNA molecule, encodes two envelope glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), and the fusion protein (F), itself cleaved into F1 and F2 subunits, a matrix protein (M), a nucleocapsid protein (N) and several nonstructural proteins including the viral replicase (L) [225] . All parainfluenza viruses except PIV-1 express a non-structural V protein that blocks IFN signalling in the infected cell and acts therefore as a virulence factor [226].
General considerations
Development of vaccines to prevent RSV infection have been complicated by the fact that host immune responses appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Early attempts at vaccinating children in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine showed that vaccinated children suffered from more severe disease on subsequent exposure to the virus as compared to unvaccinated controls (see above). These early trials resulted in the hospitalization of 80% of vaccinees and two deaths [206] [207] [208] . The enhanced severity of disease has been reproduced in animal models and is thought to result from inadequate levels of serum-neutralizing antibodies, lack of a cellular immune response, and excessive induction of a Th2 immune response with pulmonary eosinophilia and increased production of IL-4, IL-5 and MIP-1? [209] [210].
In addition, naturally acquired immunity to RSV is neither complete nor durable and recurrent infections occur frequently during the first three years of life. Older children and adults, however, usually are protected against severe RSV disease, suggesting that protection does develop after primary infection.
Passive immunization in the form of RSV-neutralizing immune globulin or humanized monoclonal antibodies given prophylactically has been shown to prevent RSV infection in newborns with underlying cardiopulmonary disease, and in small, premature infants [199] [200] [201] .This demonstrates that humoral antibody plays a major role in protection against infection. In general, secretory IgAs and serum antibodies appear to protect against infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, respectively, while T-cell immunity targeted to internal viral proteins appears to help terminate viral infections.
Although live attenuated RSV vaccines seem preferable for immunization of naive infants, nonreplicative vaccines may be useful for immunization of the elderly and older, high-risk children, as well as for maternal immunization. In addition, RSV vaccines should induce a balanced Th1-Th2 response and cover the two antigenically distinct serogroups RSVA and RSVB.
Subunit RSV vaccines
Three types of RSV subunit vaccines have been evaluated in clinical trials [227].
Candidate vaccines based on purified F protein (PFP-1, PFP-2 and PFP-3) prepared from RSV-infected cells were tested in a variety of rodent and nonhuman primate models and found to induce protection against RSV challenge [228] . These candidates were tested in human clinical trials involving elderly volunteers [229] [230] , pregnant women [231] and children with chronic lung disease [232] [233] . The vaccines were found to be safe and moderately immunogenic but the incidence of lower RSV ARI was not significantly diminished in the vaccinees. Vaccination of women in the 30th to 40th week of pregnancy induced RSV anti-F antibodies titres that were persistently fourfold higher in newborns to the vaccinated mothers than to those who had received a placebo and was not followed by increase in frequency or morbidity of respiratory illnesses in the seropositive infants.
Another subunit vaccine consisting of co-purified F, G, and M proteins from RSV A was tested in healthy adult volunteers in the presence of either alum or polyphosphazene (PCPP) as an adjuvant. Neutralizing antibody responses to RSV A and RSV B were detected in 76-93% of the vaccinees, but waned after one year, suggesting that annual immunization with this vaccine would be necessary [234].
Still another subunit approach was investigated using the central domain of the RSV G protein, whose sequence is relatively conserved among serogroup A and B viruses. A vaccine candidate, BBG2Na, was developed by fusing this domain (G2Na) to the albumin-binding region (BB) of streptococcal protein G and producing the fusion protein in a bacterial expression system. The candidate vaccine elicited a protective immune response in animals [235] , and was moderately immunogenic in adult human volunteers [236] . Its clinical development had to be interrupted due to the appearance of unexpected type 3 hypersensitivity side effects (purpura) in a couple of immunized volunteers.
Live attenuated RSV and PIV-3 vaccines
The development of reverse genetic systems for RSV and parainfluenza viruses has provided for the generation of a number of genetically designed vaccine candidates that harbor mutations or deletions in an effort to attenuate virus replication without compromising immunogenicity [237] . Achieving an appropriate balance between attenuation and immunogenicity has however been a major obstacle to the development of these vaccines.
A temperatrure-sensitive (ts) human PIV-3 (HPIV-3) strain, cp45, was selected after 45 passages of the virus in African green monkey cells at low temperature and evaluated as a intranasal vaccine in Phase I/II trials in RSV seropositive and seronegative children and in young infants. The HPIV-3 cp45 vaccine candidate was well tolerated and immunogenic in seronegative infants as young as 1 month of age [238] [239] [240] and showed little risk of transmission to unvaccinated children and toddlers [241] . Rcp45 is a promising HPIV-3 candidate vaccine that is likely to soon be evaluated in efficacy trials [16].
A cold-passaged (cp) derivative of RSV still caused mild respiratory illness in young children: the strain was further attenuated by chemical mutagenesis to produce the cpts 248/404 strain, which was, however, still reactogenic in 1-2 months-old infants [242] and had to be further mutagenized to produce suitably attenuated vaccine candidate strain rAcp248/404/1030-?SH [243] . Its immunogenicity remains to be tested. Another set of engineered candidate vaccines that have a deletion of the NS2 gene in common (rAcp248/404-?NS2) have been found to be overattenuated for children [244] . Meanwhile, a combination RSV and HPIV-3 intranasal vaccine was tested in 6-18 months-old children, using as a vaccine a mixture of the RSV cpts 248/404 and the HPIV-3 cp45 strains: both vaccines were found to be as immunogenic after simultaneous administration as after separate administration [245].
Another live attenuated candidate PIV-3 vaccine was developed using the Kansas strain of bovine PIV-3 (BPIV-3). BPIV-3 is closely related antigenically to HPIV-3, it can protect monkeys against challenge with HPIV-3, and it replicates poorly in humans, making a perfect Jennerian vaccine candidate. BPIV-3 was well tolerated and immunogenic in seronegative children and infants as young as 2 months old [246] [247] but the magnitude of the anti-HN response was lower in children who received the BPIV-3 vaccine than after immunization with the HPIV-3 cp45 strain.
Live chimeric and recombinant vaccines
A chimeric bovine/human PIV-3 (B/HPIV-3) strain was engineered by substituting in a BPIV-3 genome the HPIV-3 F and HN genes and the F/NH intergenic sequences to their bovine equivalent. The resulting B/H chimeric virus retained the attenuated phenotype of BPIV-3 and was highly immunogenic in rhesus monkeys [248].
The B/HPIV-3 chimeric strain was then used as a vector to express the F, or F and G open reading frames of RSV subgroup A or B [249] , thus providing a candidate intranasal vaccine against both RSV and PIV-3 infections [250] . African green monkeys immunized with the B/HPIV-3 chimera expressing either the native or soluble RSV F protein produced RSV-neutralizing antibodies and were fully protected against challenge with wild-type RSV [251] . The live attenuated nasal RSV/PIV-3 candidate vaccine (MEDI 534TM) was shown to be safe and well tolerated in Phase I clinical studies conducted by MedImmune in the USA in adults and seropositive children 1-9 years of age. The vaccine is presently entering Phase I/IIa clinical trials in 2 month-old infants and in 6-24 month-old children. The PIV-3-vectored RSV candidate vaccine could be a vaccine of choice to prevent RSV and PIV-3 infections in young infants.
Other virus vectors have been used to deliver RSV F and/or G proteins. Recombinant vaccinia virus and adenoviruses expressing RSV F, RSV G or RSV F and G were constructed and tested in animal models including chimpanzees but showed mediocre immunogenicity [252] [253] . Sendai virus (SeV), the murine PIV-1, which had been shown to be safe in human volunteers and to protect African green monkeys against human PIV-1 challenge, was also used as a vector to express RSV fusion protein F. The recombinant SeV-RSV F induced RSV-neutralizing antibodies and RSV-specific CTLs and protected cotton rats and mice against challenge with RSV of both A and B subgroups [254] [255] . Similarly, a SeV recombinant expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from HPIV-3 induced protection against both PIV-1 and PIV-3 challenge [256] . Sendai virus, however, does not seem to be sufficiently attenuated to be used as a Jennerian vaccine in human infants.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) replicon particles (VRPs) expressing RSV F or G similarly induced RSV-specific T cell and neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice and cotton rats against RSV challenge [257] [258].


text:
Lab Cat & Bat Cookies
Additional Information
Step 1
Prepare and roll out dough. Cut cookies using cat and bat cutters. Use knife to cut a 1 1/2 in. x 1 in. triangle easel for each treat. Bake and cool cookies.
Step 2
Ice cookies smooth with black icing.
Step 3
Pipe tip 1 dot eyes in green, pupils in black, fangs in white.
Step 4
Attach easel to back of cookies with black icing. Let set.
*Combine Leaf Green with Lemon Yellow for green shown.
Meringue Powder
Black Icing Color
Leaf Green Icing Color
Lemon Yellow Icing Color
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text:
Big & Small
|Big & Small
Big (right) and Small (left)
|Children's comedy
|Created by
|Kindle Entertainment
|Voices of
|Lenny Henry Big and Small Season 1–3, (voice actor)
Imelda Staunton (Season 1–2 UK)
Tamsin Heatley (Season 3 UK)
|Opening theme
|"The Big and Small Song" by Lenny Henry
|Country of origin
|United Kingdom
|Original language(s)
|No. of series
|Executive producer(s)
|Anne Brogan Series 1–3
|David Collier
|Running time
|11 minutes/ep
|Production company(s)
|Kindle Entertainment
3J's Productions
Sixteen South (season 3)
|Original network
|BBC One
|Picture format
|PAL (576i) (2007)
HDTV (1080i) (2009–present)
|Audio format
|Original release
|6 October 2008– 6 October 2011
|External links
|[Big%20&%20Small%20Offline Website]
Big & Small is a British/Canadian children's television series aimed at preschoolers. Big & Small is a co-production between Kindle Entertainment and 3J's Productions produced in association with the BBC, Treehouse TV, and Studio 100.[1] The first series was deemed a success worldwide and a second series was commissioned by the BBC. The show is a live action comedy for preschoolers, and follows the lives of puppets. Big & Small Online, a section of CBeebies Online, won a Children's BAFTA in 2009 for the best interactive content.
Episode overview[edit]
The show starts off with the characters doing many things, such as playing a game, or making something. There is then a conflict between the characters that leads to the plot of the episode. The characters then resolve their conflict before the end of the episode. There is always at least one song in each show, which is filmed in shadowmation.
|Lenny Henry (Season 1–3 UK)
|A large purple creature with fuchsia polkadots on his back. Big is very friendly and laid-back.
|A hyperactive and loud little orange creature.
|Jamie Shannon (Season 1 CAN)
Imelda Staunton (Season 1–2 UK)
Tamsin Heatley (Season 3 UK)
|A pink mouse(-like creature) with red hair. Ruby lives in Big and Small's house in a mousehole.
|Jamie Shannon (Season 1 CAN) Imelda Staunton (Season 1–2 UK)
|A green worm(-like creature) that lives in an apple in the apple tree. Twiba is an acronym which stands for "The Worm in the Big Apple".
|The Frogs
|A pair of different green-coloured frogs with neckties and hats that live in the garden pond.
In the United Kingdom, Big & Small is shown on BBC1, BBC2, and CBeebies,[2] and is shown on Cyw in Wales.[3] Treehouse TV features the show in Canada, while Big & Small may broadcast in the United States on Nick Jr. as Big & Small.[4] In total, over 40 channels worldwide feature the show.[3]
- Awarded "Best Writing" at Kidscreen 2013
- Awarded Best Interactive Service to Big & Small Online at the BAFTA Children's Awards 2009.[5]
- Awarded Best Children's Programme for the episode "Blame It on the Drain" at the Royal Television Society's Educational Television Awards for 2009 ("A well constructed programme with great warmth, charm and child appeal.")[6]
- ^ Waller, Ed (29 August 2009). "CBeebies is having a laugh!". C21Media.
- ^ "Find out more about Kindle's completed productions". Kindle Entertainment. Archived from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- ^ a b "Second UK network for Big & Small". C21Media. 12 February 2010.
- ^ Kindle Entertainment Big and Small News Page
- ^ "Children's Nominations 2009". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Archived from the original on 26 February 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ "RTS Programme Awards 2009". Royal Television Society. 16 March 2010. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
External links[edit]
- Official Big & Small store UK
- Big & Small Online
- Big & Small at KindleEntertainment.com
- Big & Small at the Internet Movie Database
- 2000s British television series
- 2008 British television programme debuts
- 2011 British television programme endings
- 2008 Canadian television series debuts
- 2011 Canadian television series endings
- Television programs featuring puppetry
- BBC children's television programmes
- BBC television comedy
- Children's comedy series
- British comedy puppets
- Television series by Corus Entertainment


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Translation from English to Mandarin
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Permission marketing
Email personalisation. Let's get started
Shhhh! There's a simple secret to effective email marketing – relevance. Personalisation makes a campaign…Read More
Strip it down. The simple subscription form
Less is more. It's certainly true when starting to collect subscriber data. Here's a nice…Read More
Why doesn't Sign-Up.to accept third party data?
If you enter 'buying email data' (or similar) into your favourite search engine, apart returning over…Read More
Creating and managing a preference centre
Nobody likes receiving emails that aren't relevant to them, so why not give your subscribers a…Read More
Grow your own organic email list
Organically growing a fully opted-in (permission) subscriber database takes a little time and effort. It's…Read More
The new EU legislation on data protection
On June 23rd the UK will decide its European future in the 'in-out' referendum. But…Read More
Precision personalisation prevents poor performance
As usual last week's email marketing Discovery Morning raised a number of interesting questions, for…Read More
Can we try again?
An interesting discussion regarding unsubscribes came up at the Discovery Mornings this week – that…Read More
SPAM and spam – a quick guide
It's easy to confuse SPAM and spam – so here's a quick guide. SPAM…Read More
Where can I buy data from?
As is common when attending exhibitions, at least 5 people asked me last week where…Read More
A scary story for Hallowe'en
Are there people like me lurking in your database? According to some great research (undertaken…Read More
Why unsubscriptions and bounces are important
Studies have shown that in the list of priorities when sending out marketing campaigns, most…Read More
Finally! Say hello to the new EU changes
When the new EU data protection rules come into place next year consumers will finally be…Read More
5 easy ways to boost your ecommerce sales using email
Email marketing is one of the most effective ways to increase your online sales, but…Read More
Introducing Audiences – get your message to the right person
Relevance – getting the right message, to the right person, at the right time – is a critical part of successful marketing. Our clients have anything from a few thousand, to many millions of subscribers, so identifying the right people for each message can be a challenge – a very important one.Read More
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How Prezzo Restaurants used Sign-Up.to and our Managed Services to grow their database and build their brand.Read More
Why there are no wins to be had from using purchased data
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The Canyon Suites at The Phoenician, a Luxury Collection Resort, Scottsdale
Funicians Kids Club
The Funicians Kids Club is available 365 days a year for kids ages 5-12. Supervised by our enthusiastic activities staff, the Club features a series of daily themes and dozens of related activities in our whimsically decorated clubhouse and throughout the resort grounds.
Funicians Kids Club
9:00 AM - 4:00 PMHorário de funcionamento
|USD 75 ; $75 is full day, 1/2 day with lunch or without lunch available.
|(800) 888-8234
Daily Themes
We love to spark the imagination and satisfy the quest for adventure of our young guests. We will plan each day around a theme, while the counselors will help guide them in the planning process.
Supervised Activities
Our supervised activities include fish and duck feeding, sand castle building, parachute play, water balloons, puppet shows, hiking, Indian bead crafts, picnics, swimming, scavenger hunts, sports and jungle gym play.
Enriching Experiences
Activity selections are chosen as a group from many different games, crafts, sports and activities that relate to the theme of the day. These discovery themes and activities comprise an ever-changing program where kids are in charge!


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Product Information
Product Information
Nearly Natural Geranium Hanging Basket Silk Plant Pink
Spruce up your home or office space with these vibrant colored geraniums. Bold yet delicately crafted petals rest peace fully among a bed of rich leaves, with both large and small blooms adorn ing this expertly designed masterpiece. Between the lush, soft petals and the authentic colored leaves, you'll find yourself reaching for the watering can. A tasteful wicker planter filled with artificial soil adds to the natural appeal of this gorgeous geranium silk hanging basket. Features: -Silk geranium plant. -Crafted with quality and detail in mind. -Decorative hanging wicker basket.
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WASHINGTON - Transportation Secretary Norman Y. Mineta said Tuesday that security at U.S. airports remains deficient, and announced a "zero tolerance" policy that could allow officials to halt airplane boarding and delay flights if violations are found.
Mineta said he has also instructed Federal Aviation Administration agents to shut down security checkpoints, if necessary, to correct any breaches they may discover in the screening of passengers and baggage.
"Someone may undergo strict screening in Kansas City, while someone else can slip a pistol by screeners in New Orleans," Mineta said. "This is intolerable. ... The result is a growing lack of confidence and increasing criticism of the actions taken by the FAA."
His comments at a meeting of state and local transportation officials came as the FAA said it will ban private planes from flying over nuclear power plants and research reactors around the country.
On Capitol Hill, meanwhile, lobbying intensified over a new airport security bill as President Bush urged House members to oppose Senate-approved legislation that would require screeners at major airports to be federal employees.
The debate has turned the usual political alliances in Washington upside down. Several prominent Republicans support making the screeners federal employees, while some labor unions say private companies should continue to do the job, albeit under stricter supervision.
The FAA has more than 800 security agents, who are supposed to make sure airlines and airports comply with federal requirements. Whistleblower agents have complained that enforcement is often weak, and that the agency tends to yield to airline demands that security not interfere with keeping flights on schedule.
However, industry officials said Tuesday they support Mineta's order. "He's saying that he intends to be diligent in his approach to compliance," said Dick Doubrava, managing director of security for the Air Transport Assn. "We support that. We are at war now."
The order affects policies already in place and does not address systemic reforms that have been proposed since the Sept. 11 attacks. The impact on travelers depends on how aggressively security agents enforce the new rule, but the change could mean further delays and longer lines as the busy holiday travel season approaches.
Since the September attacks, security problems and lapses on planes and at airports across the country have alarmed passengers and authorities alike.
Last week, a man carried a loaded gun through security checkpoints at the New Orleans airport and boarded a flight to Phoenix, authorities said. The man said he did not realize he had the Derringer in his briefcase and turned it over to a flight attendant. He was not charged because authorities said he had no intent to commit a crime, but an employee of the firm that provides security at the New Orleans airport was suspended.
Earlier this month, federal prosecutors alleged that the nation's largest airport security company has continued to hire people with criminal records to screen passengers, despite a $1.2 million fine last year for failing to check employees' backgrounds. The company, Argenbright Holdings Ltd. of Atlanta, employs 6,000 checkpoint personnel and screened 650 million people last year.
Authorities allege that Argenbright violated federal regulations on background checks at 13 major airports, including Los Angeles International, prosecutors said. The company has challenged prosecutors' allegations and says it will contest inaccuracies in the findings.
At Oakland International Airport, spot checks in September found private guards asleep or missing from their posts in more than 30 instances. The airport brought in sheriff's deputies to help increase security.
And critics charge that safety improvements recommended by a presidential commission that could have prevented the Sept. 11 attacks were slowed and weakened by federal bureaucracy and airline lobbying, a Times review found earlier this month.
The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security, created in the wake of the 1996 crash of TWA Flight 800, recommended 31 steps to strengthen security at the nation's airports - including stricter scrutiny of mail parcels and using computerized filing systems to detect potential terrorists.
An agency official said that decision to ban flights of private planes over nuclear plants came after Atty. General John Ashcroft's warning that terrorists may be about to carry out new attacks. Previously, the FAA had warned pilots not to "loiter" in the vicinity of nuclear facilities. In California, private pilots will be banned from flying within 10 nautical miles of the Diablo Canyon.
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Ariza Not Pleased With Ref Stopping Linares-Demarco
By Chris Robinson
Overshadowed by the disappointing ending in last weekend's Chad Dawson-Bernard Hopkins affair was just how exhilarating the finish was to the Antonio DeMarco-Jorge Linares lightweight title bout that took place just before it. While Dawson would capture the WBC light heavyweight strap from Hopkins after tossing him to the ground in the second round, leaving Hopkins in pain, with an injured left shoulder, and apparently no shape to continue, it was DeMarco's come-from-behind heroics that captured the essence of what the sport is all about.
Although Linares dominated the early rounds of the bout, out landing DeMarco at a healthy ratio and controlling the action with his polished skills, DeMarco never showed any signs of resignation and began imposing his will towards the halfway point of the contest. Linares had been bleeding heavily from a cut on the bridge of his nose and in eleventh round DeMarco would began tagging him with huge shots, eventually stopping the backpedaling Venezuelan along the ropes in the 11th round as referee Raul Caiz Sr. had seen enough.
As DeMarco and his team erupted in celebration, the sorrow of Linares painted a different picture as he sulked in his stool in defeat. Watching the action unfold from ringside, I noticed how Linares' strength and conditioning coach Alex Ariza seemed to almost be in disbelief and a few days later he was still upset at how everything transpired.
"It's one of those things that can be seen in a lot of ways," Ariza stated. "If you don't stop the cut between the sixth and eleventh, why stop? If you aren't going to complain about it for the five rounds that it's a bloody mess, why stop it in the last twenty seconds of a round with one round left?"
But perhaps Caiz Sr. felt that Linares simply was simply taking too many clean punches from the onrushing DeMarco, and that his concern was for how tremendous the punishment was becoming. Ariza counters that notion by pointing out that at the highest levels of boxing, a fighter deserves the benefit of the doubt.
"This is a championship title fight and if you really look at the fight, when he stopped it, those last four punches didn't land," Ariza claimed. "At this stage of the game, when there is a title on the line, you have to let these fighters fight. Especially when Jorge hadn't been hurt the entire fight. It's not like he took a knee throughout the fight. You gotta let these guys overcome adversity at some point. To me, it was just another inexperienced ref refereeing at a level that he might not have belonged at."
The fight marked Ariza' first time working with Linares, a former champion at 126 and 130 pounds, as he was under the guidance of trainer Freddie Roach both in the Philippines and at the Wild Card Boxing Club in Los Angeles as he prepared for DeMarco. Ariza may work with a wealth of talent on a yearly basis, most notably welterweight champion Manny Pacquiao and junior welterweight titleholder Amir Khan, but in taking in everything that the 26-year old brings to the table, he was completely taken back.
"Tremendous athlete. Very impressive," Ariza continued. "It's really a pleasure and an honor to work with athletes like that that are so disciplined and listen and are just like sponges, ready to absorb and put themselves through the tremendous program that we have. Most people fall out and he stuck with it. And I think that showed in the fight, even when he could have danced around and moved and boxed the last couple of rounds, he went in there to war. I think it just goes to show you the confidence he has in his conditioning and just how he felt."
Surely the loss was hard a hard one to cope with for Linares, whose only previous setback was a shocking first round knockout loss to Juan Carlos Salgado nearly two years ago in Japan, but Ariza is adamant that the victory was swiped from them.
"Of course he's heartbroken but he doesn't feel like he lost the fight. Of course he wants the rematch. We've watched the fight three times, me, Linares, and [Julio Cesar] Chavez Jr., and it's really hard when you don't lose the fight and the fight is kind of taken from you. Just when you have that opportunity, when you have that chance to take yourself to the next level," said Ariza.
If you hang around in boxing long enough, no matter what your profession, you are sure to suffer setbacks. Linares' spirit may have been dampened on Saturday, but there still lies a long road ahead and the wheels are already in motion for his return to the Wild Card.
"We've already discussed it," Ariza closed out. "He's going to take a break, he's going to go to Japan for three weeks, we're going to let those cuts heal, and we're going to go right back to it. I learned a lot, this is my first time with him, and now I understand his body and now I know what I have to work on. Hopefully we get this rematch and we get to go and do this again."
[Reader's note: For more recent picture from the boxing world, please visit the following slideshows Behind the scenes at the Hopkins-Dawson event / Nonito Doniare trains at the Kingsway Gym ]
Chris Robinson is based out of Las Vegas, Nevada. He can be reached at [email protected]
Linares is a great talent and will be back but Tony beat him on the night.Laughable for Alex who has been in the sport for perhaps 4 years (could be more) to call Caiz inexperiencedComment by richardt on 10-20-2011
I didn't like Linares's cocky, arrogant attitude at the start of the fight so it was nice seeing him get properly rewarded with the beat down. He acted like his $hit didn't stink and DeMarco couldn't do anything to him.Comment by Nonitard on 10-19-2011
[QUOTE=Best in Boxing;11312844]LOL. That's what i was thinking too. They were madly in love with him!! And it WAS a good stop. If you noticed at the end of the fight when Linares was on his knees in the corner,…Comment by King Ju-Ju on 10-19-2011
Linares fought his balls off. Would have liked to see him given more time. He was still fighting back. The blood was intense though. Id love to see a rematch.Comment by FloydTBE on 10-19-2011
next time , make a shake which prevents cuts if you can alexPost a Comment - View More User Comments (27)


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'Not Fade Away' captures rhythm of rock 'n' roll, generational divide
Rock 'n' roll is a young person's game.
Like fashion, hairstyles, sex, drugs and other things designed to frustrate adults in general and parents in particular, young people use rock 'n' roll to discover identity and fraternity. With roots in basements and garages around the world, it rises from the ground up organically, and as if by common consensus rather than being imposed by corporate tastemakers. »Read Full Article
This is the final weekend for most Milwaukee County Parks pools
Milwaukee County Parks pools will begin closing after this weekend as lifeguards begin heading back to campus.
Deep-well pools will remain open through Sunday. Those are the pools in Hales Corners, Holler, Jackson, Kosciuszko, McCarty, Oak Creek Parkway, Sheridan, Washington and Wilson parks. »Read Full Article(4)


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At the outset of World Cup training camp, North America defenseman Aaron Ekblad was asked about Auston Matthews, and he expressed a little bit of envy about the opportunity the No. 1 overall pick was going to get.
Matthews was getting a shot at playing hockey at its highest level, with and against the best players in the world, before ever setting foot in training camp as a rookie.
The route Matthews has taken to his rookie season now becomes a one-of-a kind route. He played with and against pros in Switzerland. Then he played with and against the world's best in Toronto. Now, he gets to start his NHL career with the knowledge that he can compete at the highest level.
Matthews was already confident in his ability, but this just reinforced what he believes. He's going to be very good this season, perhaps better than we initially realized.
A tournament like the World Cup can have that impact.


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Bonnie PeaveyShared publicly -
looking for paranormal research or ghost hunting teams or groups in Atlanta Georgia who would b interested in training me I have just got certified from a class I took on this subject. If not anyone interested in starting up a new group?
Add a comment...


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Companies in Poland
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Waters Corporation
Distributor in POLAND
Waters creates business advantages for laboratory-dependent organizations by delivering practical and sustainable scientific innovation to enable significant advancement in healthcare delivery, environmental testing, food safety, chemical materials and water quality. For nearly fifty years, Waters has helped customers make profound discoveries, optimize operations, ...
SoundPLAN International LLC
Distributor in Wejherowo, POLAND
SoundPLAN is the leading noise and air pollution planning and mapping software for 29 years. Use SoundPLAN to map and assess any transportation, industry or leisure noise. Use it for any size project with even the smallest version. Outstanding features include the cost/benefit capabilities for Wall Design and Expert System, extensive documentation features, and it is the ...
TOMRA Sorting (TITECH)
Office in Katowice, POLAND
For metals, plastics, paper or wood - TOMRA Sorting Solutions (TITECH) is a leading provider of sensor-based sorting systems, established in the market with hundreds of recycling applications. To date, we count more than 4,400 sorting systems working successfully in 50 countries. Whatever you want to sort: Our know-how helps you to implement individual recycling ...
Lindner-Recyclingtech GmbH
Distributor in Kościerzyce, POLAND
Our family venture for the manufacture of machines and plants for the wood processing industry, was founded in 1948 in Spittal an der Drau by Josef Lindner. Twenty years later the machine factory Lindner began manufacturing size reduction machines. Wood was still the main material for processing. Already in the 80`s one recognized the large potential within the range of ...
Verderflex Peristaltic Pumps - part of the Verder Group
Office in POLAND
Verderflex Peristaltic tube and hose pumps from Verder have gained worldwide prominence particularly in dosing applications involving abrasive, highly corrosive, viscous, high density and shear sensitive products within industries such as water and waste water, food & beverage, chemical, biofuel, print & packaging and ceramics. Verderflex peristaltic pumps have a ...
Office in Katowice, POLAND
Kurita Europe is a subsidiary of Kurita Water Industries Ltd. headquartered in Tokyo (Japan). Founded in 1949, the Group has 5,400 employees worldwide as of 2015 with a turnover of approximately USD 1.8 billion. Over 3,500 patents are proof of Kurita's innovative approach to a resource-saving consumption of water.
UNTHA Shredding Technology
Office in Kraków, POLAND
UNTHA shredding technology is a mechanical engineering company based in Salzburg that specializes in the development and manufacture of industrial shredders, MSW shredders, RDF/SRF shredders, shear shredders and wood shredders for a wide range of applications. UNTHA has many years of experience and a comprehensive knowledge of shredding technology. Thanks to our ...
HORIBA Europe GmbH
Office in POLAND
The HORIBA Group of worldwide companies provides an extensive array of instruments and systems for applications ranging from automotive R&D, process and environmental monitoring, in-vitro medical diagnostics, semiconductor manufacturing and metrology, to a broad range of scientific R&D and QC measurements. Proven quality and trustworthy performance have established ...
BBA Pumps
Office in Piaseczno, POLAND
BBA Pumps is a leading manufacturer of portable pump equipment. Our pump solutions offer you lowest cost of ownership and unparalleled reliability. Our dedicated team and world-wide partners offer you excellence in both product and support. We offer 4 dedicated pump designs BA series dewatering and high head pumps, PT series wellpoint piston pumps, B series self priming ...
NIVUS GmbH
Office in Gdynia, POLAND
The NIVUS group is one of the foremost developers, producers and suppliers of measurement equipment for water economy worldwide. The product range contains units for measuring flow, level, pressure, water quality, density and turbidity as well as units required for data acquisition, data transfer, data logging and data evaluation. A comprehensive process control system ...
P. Henkel GmbH
Distributor in Milomlyn, POLAND
P. HENKEL GmbH is the competent and reliable partner for all your needs in the environmental technology sector and stands for innovative solutions for large waste containers. The company is one of the leading suppliers of galvanized sewer materials and special sewer products.
Flottweg SE
Office in Warszawa, POLAND
Flottweg is one of the worldwide leading solution providers in the field of mechanical separation technology. Our decanters, disc stack centrifuges and belt presses exclusively manufactured in Germany are the preconditions for high efficiency in production and outstanding quality of our customers' end products. In the petrochemical, chemical, pharmazeutical and the food ...
Eijkelkamp Soil & Water
Distributor in POLAND
As part of Royal Eijkelkamp, Eijkelkamp Soil & Water contributes to the following mission and vision. Mission: Royal Eijkelkamp is able to make a continuous contribution to a safe and healthy living environment thanks to more than 100 years' experience and expertise in soil and water research. Vision: Royal Eijkelkamp wants to become the world's preferred supplier of ...
KELLER AG für Druckmesstechnik
Office in Poznań, POLAND
Worldwide, we are the largest manufacturer of isolated pressure sensors on piezoresistive basis 600,000 sensors are delivered to OEM-suppliers for system integration every year In Europe the largest manufacturer of industrial transmitters. 300,000 sensors are yearly processed in-house as a basis for industrial transmitters, level transmitters, digital pressure measuring ...
Purolite Corporation
Office in Gdynia, POLAND
Purolite is more than a resin company. It`s a solutions company. Purolite has evolved over the past 31 years from a small domestic importer of ion exchange resins to the premier manufacturer and innovation leader in the world. As time and technology have changed, so has Purolite. In recognition of this evolution, our brand identity now reflects the company we have ...
Bramidan Balers
Office in Kraków, POLAND
Bramidan is one of Europe`s leading suppliers of balers and compactor solutions for handling cardboard and plastic waste and other recyclable materials. Bramidan was founded in 1975 as a small, family owned company that sold farming equipment. In 1981 the company changed direction and entered the market for waste handling. Today, we are a strong and popular brand in many ...
Spomasz-Wronki Grupa SFPI Sp. z o.o.
based in Wronki, POLAND
Established in 1957, we are a Polish manufacturer of industrial solutions for oil and gas drilling, wastewater treatment plants and food processing. One of the most popular manufactured machines are decanter centrifuges, (also called sludge decanters, decanting centrifuges, dewatering centrifuges) working in wide range of applications. Because of very high G-force, ...
Office in Wroclaw, POLAND
Endress Hauser is leading supplier of products, solutions and services for industrial process measurement and automation. We offer comprehensive process solutions for flow, level, pressure, analysis, temperature, recording and digital communications across a wide range of industries, optimizing processes with regards to economic efficiency, safety and environmental ...
Environnement S.A
Distributor in POLAND
Environnement S.A is the leading company in the field of instrumentation for the environment. Ever since its creation in 1978, Environnement S.A has been dedicated to the study, development, manufacture and supply of advanced on-line gas, particulate and water analyzers, using the most recent technologies. Environnement S.A proposes a comprehensive range of continuous ...
based in Warszawa, POLAND
SYMBIONA is technology provider with offices in London, Warsaw and Kuala Lumpur.We specialize in wastewater treatment and reuse and anaerobic wastewater/waste treatment. We provide Clients with unique approach linking technologies with a short ROI. Our offer includes:- anaerobic MBR's for high strength wastewaters and organic waste fermentation (AnoxyMem®);- high rate ...