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Registration for Bondurant Wrestling Club 2015-2016 wrestling season:
You can register your wrestler beginning Monday, 10/12/2015 through Wednesday, 10/21/2015. Please click on the link below to register, purchase apparel, volunteer and pay online. When registering, the team can be left as 'unassigned'. You will know you have successfully completed your registration once you receive a confirmation e-mail that includes a receipt of purchase. Check junk mail if you do not receive the e-mail confirmation.
If you have any questions about our program or issues / questions regarding registration, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. We look forward to seeing you the week of November 2nd for our first week of wrestling practices!
Bondurant Wrestling Club REGISTRATION
Please help by donating any items your wrestler has outgrown. Shoes, headgear and singlets may all be donated during registration or any time throughout the year.
Bondurant Wrestling Club schedule will now be maintained on Google Calendar. Add email@example.com to your 'Other Calendars' in Google to receive notifications of practices, meetings and tournaments.

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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 14, 2008
|Filing date
|Nov 13, 2002
|Priority date
|Nov 14, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Josef Käs, Mark Raizen, Valery Milner, Timo Betz, Allen Ehrlicher
|Original Assignee
|Universitat Leipzig
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (3), Classifications (22), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/333,283 entitled "Optical Cell Guidance Method and Apparatus," filed Nov. 14, 2001.
Embodiments of the invention are related to methods and apparatus for cell guidance. Certain embodiments are related to methods for guiding cells to produce a predetermined cellular structure, and/or a more elaborate cellular structure comprised of multiple cells, such as a network. In certain embodiments methods for the guidance of neurons are described.
Current methods of directing the growth of cells are based on chemical gradients, polymer substrates, magnetic beads, or guidance channels. Methods involving polymer substrates and chemicals to direct neural growth are imprecise, static, and limited to two-dimensional applications. Magnetic bead steering is impractical due to the extensive preparation involved in attaching the beads to an axon, along with the added invasive risk. Electrically charged nerve guidance channels (U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,871 by Aebischer et al.) for repairing severed nerve ends have been described that place nerve ends in proximity to each other within a conduit of a guidance channel for promotion of nerve repair. This method is invasive and limited by the confines of the guidance channel.
Optical gradients have been used to interact with proteins, which are soft dielectrics. Optical tweezers (U.S. Pat. No. 5,079,169 by Chu et al and U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,466 by Burns et al) have been used to move and restrain biological particles, while optical stretchers (U.S. Pat. No. 6,067,859 by Kas & Guck) have been used to stretch and deform these dielectric materials. Current tools exploit optical gradients from a beam of light to manipulate the position of a small dielectric particle immersed in a fluid medium whose refractive index is smaller than that of the particle. These optical techniques have been generalized to enable manipulation of reflecting, absorbing, and low dielectric constant particles as well. Current optical trapping systems can manipulate single or multiple dielectric particle systems with one or more beam optical traps. Such systems have not been used to influence the growth or guide a cell.
This invention, in one broad respect, is a cell guidance method comprising defining a cell guidance path, wherein the light source has a power in the range from 2 mW to 2 W and a beam size between approximately 300 nm and 50 microns, and wherein the light source guides the direction of growth of a cell that is attached to a substrate.
Embodiments of the invention include Optical Cell Guidance (OCG), a novel method to control cell motility and/or growth. In certain embodiments, OCG guides the leading edge of motile cells with an optical gradient, which may bias a cell's motion into the light by pulling on proteins, which act like soft dielectrics in the electromagnetic field. OCG differs from those devices described above in that it controls the direction of cell motility or growth. This is an entirely new field, and the first device to directly manipulate cell growth. OCG differs from current approaches in that it does not trap or hold particles. Instead of trapping and pulling the cell, one of the goals of OCG is to influence the cells motility processes.
Generally, the method is capable of guiding many motile cell types, particularly neurons. There are many potential applications for such a guidance system. One such application is for in vitro circuits of real neurons. Neural circuits have received large popular attention in the multidisciplinary pursuit of unraveling mental processes. The implications reach from psychology to artificial intelligence models and biocomputing. Another important application is peripheral nerve repair. A system with the accuracy provided by OCG could redirect individual neurons to their distal stump quickly enough to maintain the connection's viability. A third application which has waited for a solution indefinitely is spinal trauma. Despite significant advances in the understanding of neurophysiology and spinal cord injury, a patient who suffers a complete spinal cord injury has little hope of recovery. Previous research has not yet yielded a way to stimulate the neuronal axons to regenerate the injured axonal structures and re-unite them with the motor neuron. Prior methods have also failed to replace the sensory axonal structures and unite them with their corresponding target cells. In other words, there has been some success in stimulating nerves to sprout, but not in accurately directing that modest growth or cell motility in a specifically desired direction. A method for producing or repairing the contact between cells may include guiding at least a portion of a first cell with a light beam; positioning the portion of a first cell such that it is near a second cell; and allowing at least one contact to be formed between the first cell and the second cell.
OCG is a new optical method for controlling the cell motility/growth direction and/or growth rate of cells, particularly neurons. Optical gradients and scattering forces interact with a dielectric placed in a light. As light passes through polarizable material, it induces a dipole moment. This dipole interacts with the electromagnetic field, one of whose resulting forces is directed towards the brighter region of the light, typically the focus of the beam. One can use brighter regions or focal points of light to pull or immobilize a dielectric target toward the focal region of light.
In one embodiment of the invention OCG may use a three dimensional laser path to bias the direction of cell motility and/or growth cones in neurons. Dielectric biological materials found in growth cones, including but not limited to the cell membrane and actin monomers involved in the cone's motility, are directed to the highest field potential. The gradient attempts to concentrate these materials in the center of the beam image, biasing polymerization and increasing the cone's motility in that area. In this way one optically guides a growth cone, manipulating motility to draw an arbitrary pattern on a substrate and connect by synapses to form neural networks.
OCG Apparatus
An exemplary optical cell guidance apparatus is illustrated in
Also shown in
Light Source
In certain embodiments of the invention a light source is used to create an electric field for induction of dielectric properties within or on a cell membrane. The light intensity may induce a biological response without disrupting, moving, or damaging a cell. Light sources include but are not limited to Ti:sapphire laser, and other laser sources, such as diode lasers, NdYag, and others. Light sources include, but are not limited to, laser based, incandescent, emission lamps, arc lamps, and fluorescent sources. Light sources may be used at intensities in the approximate range of 2 mW to 2 W, where in certain embodiments a choice of approximately 20 to 100 mW is preferred. In certain embodiments the wavelength of a light source may be in the approximate range of 600 nm to approximately 1100 nm. In certain embodiments a light source with a wavelength in the approximate range of 750 nm to 850 nm is preferred. The wavelength and power of a light source may vary depending on the specific application. In one embodiment, the light source may be moved relative to a support, such as the stage 100 in
Optical arrangements provide a variable effective beam size of the light source between approximately 300 nm and 50 microns, which allows for a broader distribution of gradient forces, or a smaller more focused illumination. This variable beam size, as well as variable power permits a diverse spectrum of interaction regimes. This selection allows the system to illuminate the growth cone and bias its direction, while allowing the cell to move under its own motility and prevent trauma to the cell.
The illumination area in certain embodiments covers a portion of the lamellipodia to bias the direction of lamellipodia motility and/or growth. The desire is not to pull the lamellipodia, but bias the direction of its own growth, guide the cell. The focus and the power of a light beam may be optimized for the control of lamellipodia motility/growth. In certain embodiments the optics may be designed for use with fiber optics for in vivo applications. In yet another alternative, the optics may be incorporated into a device that is implanted in an organism to provide a cell guidance path for extended periods of time.
Cell Types
Virtually any cell type that is capable of forming lamellipodia may be subjected to the methods and apparatus of the invention. Cells may include cells in vitro, in vivo, and/or in situ as well as cells that are implanted into an organism or located in a device, that may in turn be implanted in an organism. Cells that may be used in the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to neurons. In one embodiment, rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12 cells) that have been genetically modified to over-express the actin severing protein Gelsolin may be used. Alternatively, control PC-12 and rat neuroblastoma (NG108-15) may be used. Alternative cell types include, but are not limited to, fibroblasts, osteoclast, stem cells, leukocytes, keratocyte, metastatic cells, and other cell types.
Growth Media
Standard growth conditions are typically known for a variety of cell types and are used to support growth and maintenance of the cells. This information may be found in general cell culture protocols such as Spector, D. L. and Goldman, R. D. (Eds.) (1998), Culture and Biochemical Analysis of Cells, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. In the event that other novel cell types are used, one skill in the art would be capable of determining the growth conditions. For example, PC-12 rat pheochromocytoma and clones are cultured at 37° C. in RPMI 1640 medium with 10% horse serum and 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), where neurites are induced reversibly with prime medium, which is identical to the recipe above with an added concentration of approximately 100 ng per micro liter of neuronal growth factor (NGF). NG 108-15 neuroblastoma cells are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS.
Cell Substrates
In certain embodiments the cells may be guided over, through or on a two dimensional substrate. In other embodiments cell motility and/or growth may be guided within or on a three dimensional substrate. A substrate may be any material that provides for cell motility and/or growth and will preferably provide for cell attachment. Substrates include, but are not limited to plastics, glass, proteinaceous matrices, synthetic matrices, and the like. In particular, a substrate may be a coated plastic, coated glass with coatings including but not limited to laminin and poly-lysine. In certain embodiments, the cell motility and/or growth pattern may be a three-dimensional motility/growth pattern, in which case a three-dimensional substrate may be desired, such as a collagen matrix or gel.
The method of guiding cells, in particular neuronal growth cones, with optical gradients is new, and has many advantages over conventional methods, as described herein. Therefore, the invention is exceptionally accurate and can target a particular section of a growth cone with micron level precision. The OCG system is also dynamic, whereas conventional polymer techniques are static and require that each neuron's path be designed and printed before the cells are plated onto the substrate. OCG directs the nerves after they are plated, and can easily change patterns based on user input. This provides a highly dynamic rendering of arbitrary network patterns in a substrate without preparing a "wiring pattern" in the cell medium or substrate. OCG is also effective in three dimensions, moving easily between different points in the horizontal plane with mirrors or a movable stage. By focusing in different planes within a substrate, OCG can guide a growth cone through the z-axis, creating three-dimensional paths and patterns. OCG'S three-dimensional capabilities make it a natural choice for in vivo applications. OCG is far less invasive than other methods. By interacting with the neuron only using light, OCG can avoid contaminating the neurons or damaging them or surrounding tissue, with very precise control of the applied force. Built with "off the shelf" equipment: OCG can be implemented entirely with commercially available equipment, cutting out the monetary and time expense of custom components.
Normal short scale retractions, such as those associated with neuron growth, may be avoided by using chemical factors in combination with the optical guidance system described herein. Laser damage of a cell may be avoided by selecting optical wavelengths that are the least absorbed and/or by intermittently illuminating the target area. In one embodiment, cells have been nondestructively irradiated with power in excess of 1 Watt.
The invention may be used to create in vitro neuron systems, as well as guiding nerves in vivo to form new connections or reattaching nerves in trauma cases. In other embodiments the guidance systems described may be used to direct neurons onto a biological/semiconductor interface. Applications may range from synthetic prosthesis sensory control, treatments for paralysis, biocomputing, replacing nerve guidance channels, reversing some cases of blindness by reattaching retinas, and more.
OCG contributes a large set of potential directions to the study the motility of growth cones and neural networks. OCG can connect neurons via synapses, wiring different axons and cells together to create new network nodes in a highly controlled fashion.
The following examples are included to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventors to function well in the practice of the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 27, 1988
|Jun 5, 1990
|L'esperance Medical Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for enhanced vascular or other growth
|May 22, 1990
|Jan 7, 1992
|The Regents Of The Stanford Leland Junior University
|Method for optically manipulating polymer filaments
|Nov 30, 1990
|Mar 3, 1992
|Brown University Research Foundation
|Electrically-charged nerve guidance channels
|Oct 8, 1991
|Sep 14, 1993
|President And Fellows Of Harvard University And Rowland Institute
|Optical matter
|Nov 15, 1990
|Nov 9, 1993
|Amcor Electronics, Ltd.
|Light therapy system
|Apr 28, 1994
|Nov 7, 1995
|Lasermedics, Inc.
|Method of performing laser therapy
|Mar 4, 1999
|May 30, 2000
|The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System
|Optical stretcher
|Apr 10, 1998
|Feb 6, 2001
|Arcturus Engineering, Inc.
|Laser capture microdissection pressure plate and transfer arm
|Jul 23, 1998
|Apr 10, 2001
|Arcturus Engineering, Inc.
|Laser capture microdissection optical system
|Nov 13, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System
|Optical cell guidance method and apparatus
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 10, 2006
|Aug 3, 2006
|Marr David W M
|Microfluidic systems incorporating integrated optical waveguides
|Sep 3, 2008
|Mar 5, 2009
|Colorado School Of Mines
|Magnetic field-based colloidal atherectomy
|Sep 26, 2008
|Apr 30, 2009
|Colorado School Of Mines
|Fiber-focused diode-bar optical trapping for microfluidic manipulation
|U.S. Classification
|435/173.1, 356/634
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 4, 2003
Owner name: BOARD OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM,
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|Aug 11, 2008
Owner name: UNIVERSITAT LEIPZIG, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UNIVERSITAT LEIPZIG;REEL/FRAME:021386/0413
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|Oct 14, 2012
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|Dec 4, 2012
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Effective date: 20121014


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 3, 1990
|Filing date
|May 23, 1989
|Priority date
|Feb 21, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jorg Kieser, Michael Geisler, Rolf Wilhelm, Eberhard Rauchle
|Original Assignee
|Leybold Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (14), Classifications (21), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 031,103, filed Mar. 26, 1987, now abandoned.
The invention relates to an apparatus for producing a plasma and for the treatment of substrates therein. The apparatus includes a microwave generator, a gas containing chamber in which the substrate is coated, and a magnet system for the production of local electron-cyclotron resonances.
In numerous fields of technology it is necessary to apply very thin coatings of pure substances to certain objects. An example is window glass which is provided with a thin coating of metal or metal oxide in order to filter certain wavelength ranges out of sunlight. In semiconductor technology, thin coatings of one or more substances are often applied to a substrate. It is especially important that the thin coatings not only be pure, but also that they be precisely measured out so that the coating thicknesses--and, in the case of coatings of chemical compounds, their composition--will be accurately repeatable. These coating thicknesses are, as a rule, between two and several thousands of nanometers.
A variety of methods are known for applying thin coatings to films, glass and other substrates. In a first method, the thin coating is applied by chemical or electrochemical deposition, while in a second method the coating is applied by evaporation in a vacuum. With evaporation it is difficult to provide large areas with very thin coatings with the required uniform precision and repeatability, and consequently a third method, known as the sputtering or cathode spraying process, is used. For the deposition of a thin coating from the gas phase, sputtering is, of course, unsuitable.
To be able to deposit a pure substance or a chemical compound from the gaseous phase, the substance or compound is converted to the plasma state. The radicals formed in the plasma deposit themselves on the substrate. For the production of such a plasma, different forms of electrical energy can serve. For example it is possible to use direct currents, low-frequency alternating currents or corona discharges for the production of plasmas. Especially advantageous is the production of plasma by microwaves, because in this case no electrodes are needed, which can contaminate and become ablated, and because the plasma produced by microwaves has a greater density of ions and radicals and therefore can be kept at a higher pressure than the plasma produced by other methods. Furthermore, the chemical structure of starting monomers can be preserved at least partially. Lastly, the microwave plasma is also favored for the establishment of cold cathode ion sources.
It is true that usually only small volumes of plasma can be produced by microwaves, because the apparatus by which the microwave energy is delivered to the plasma--e.g., antennas, waveguides and cavity resonators--do not permit the production of large volumes of plasma. To produce a gas plasma, the delivered electrical field strength must exceed the electrical breakdown field strength of the gas. Since the breakdown field strength increases with increasing gas pressure, high electrical field strengths are necessary at high pressures.
An apparatus for the production of plasmas by means of electromagnetic radiation is known, with which high field strengths are produced (U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,983).
In this apparatus a delay line, i.e., a microwave conductor of low group velocity ("slow wave structure") is used for the purpose of feeding the electrical energy to the plasma, the energy source being located outside of the receptacle and its electrical field passing through the receptacle wall. This delay line consists of a "semiradiating" system about 90 cm long, which operates in the degenerate π/2 mode or close to the degenerate π/2 mode. Operation in the vicinity of the band edge, i.e., either in the degenerate π/2 mode or in the π mode, leads to especially strong electrical fields in the vicinity of the delay line. The reason for this lies in the circumstance that the electrical field strength is inversely proportional to the group velocity of the wave, which in the vicinity of the edge of the band assumes a very small value. Furthermore, in this system the electrical field strength decreases with the distance perpendicular to the plane of the delay line. It is true that with this apparatus no large-volume plasmas with a very large, uniform plasma zone can be produced. It follows that the rate of deposit of polymers is irregular across the entire substrate width in the known apparatus. Moreover, interactions take place between the waves, which occur in the delay line, in the window dielectric and in the plasma; i.e., poorly understood interferences develop, which adversely affect the configuration of the plasma zone.
To equalize the rate of deposition in the case of polymers it has already been proposed, in an apparatus according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,983, that, in addition to the known delay line, at least a second elongated delay line be disposed on the same side of the substrate (German Federal Pat. No. 31 47 986). But this "crossed structures" arrangement has the disadvantage that the strongest plasma burns directly at the inside of the microwave window where the microwave is injected, and this results in an especially great and undesirable coating of this window.
Furthermore, an apparatus is known whereby a plasma is produced by means of a high-frequency wave which is injected into a waveguide in which a glass tube is situated in which the plasma is produced (German Federal OS No. 31 44 016), to which U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,368 corresponds. Around the plasma producing tube there is in this case provided a coil which produces a magnetic field along the axis of the glass tube. At a circuit frequency ω of the high-frequency field, and a magnetic flux density B, the electron-cyclotron resonance frequency will be ω=e�B/m. At this resonance frequency the coupling of the high-frequency wave to the plasma electrons is especially strong. It is a disadvantage even in this known device, however, that only relatively small plasma zones can be produced. Furthermore, the glass tube easily takes on coatings deposited from the gas phase.
It is therefore the object of the invention to create an apparatus whereby it will be possible on the one hand to produce a uniform, large-volume plasma, and on the other hand to keep the plasma away from the microwave window.
This problem is solved in accordance with the distinctive. The chamber has metal walls and an entry window for the microwaves. The magnetic field of the magnetic system is disposed in the chamber at a given distance from the substrate, especially in the fact that large-area, uniform plasmas can be produced. Another advantage is that no deposits form on the entry window. These advantages are due to the fact that the magnetic field produced by the magnet systems is strong enough, at least in some areas, to permit a so-called electron-cyclotron resonance. Use is made of the fact that the electrical field strength that is necessary for the ignition of the plasma in a region in which the electron cyclotron resonance can take place is considerably smaller than in a region free of a magnetic field. Through the localization of the magnetic field sufficient for the electron cyclotron resonance, it is thus possible also to produce a corresponding localization of the plasma production. Furthermore, the apparatus according to the invention is especially suitable for the coating of substrates moving in a continuous linear manner.
Embodiments of the invention are represented in the drawing and are further described hereinbelow.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a first embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a second embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 3 is a cross section of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1,
FIGS. 4a-e represent various permanent magnet arrangements,
FIG. 5 shows a distributor for a microwave,
FIG. 6 shows an arrangement for the coating of materials that can be wound on spools,
FIG. 7 shows a microwave transmitter system,
FIGS. 8a-b represent a permanent magnet arrangement and a substrate that is to be coated.
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a first variant of the invention. In a housing 1, which can be evacuated through a connection 2, there is disposed a linearly movable support 3 with a substrate that is to be coated. The coating is performed by means of a gas which is fed into a chamber 5 through an inlet connector 4 and is there ionized. The chamber 5 has walls of metal, of which walls 6, 7, 12 and 13 can be seen in FIG. 1. The lateral walls 6 and 7 have each a mesh 8, 9, which is permeable to microwaves and which assures the transparency of the chamber 5 for a gas exchange. Also provided in the chamber 5 is a rotatable metal reflector 10 which is in the form of a paddle wheel. Behind the substrate support 3 there is disposed a magnet system 11 which is situated between two metal boundary walls 12 and 13. Opposite this magnet system 11 is a microwave window 14, preferably of quartz glass, through which the microwaves from a horn radiator 15 enter into the gas chamber 5. This horn radiator 15 is in turn connected to a microwave conductor 16 which in turn is connected to a microwave transmitter which is not represented. The microwave power immediately behind the microwave window 14 is made such that it does not result in spontaneous ignition of the plasma in the window area.
In the horn radiator 15, which rests on a flange 22, a rotatable metal reflector 17 is disposed, and rods 18 of metal or of a dielectric are disposed opposite the reflector so as to influence the field distribution. The housing 1 is sealed off at both ends by pressure chambers 19 and 20 which serve as seals for the substrate support 3. The operation of the apparatus represented in FIG. 1 is as follows:
The microwave power radiated in the form of a lobe by the horn radiator 15 is injected into the chamber 5 formed by the metal walls and repeatedly reflected on the walls 6, 7, 12 and 13 and on the substrate support 3. This causes a number of standing waves with nodes and crests in different positions to form in chamber 5, if for the moment the absorption of the waves by the plasma is disregarded. The great number of standing waves is also referred to as a multimode system. The superimposition of many individual vibrations results in a wave field which is substantially more uniform than the lobe radiated by the horn radiator 15. An additional mixture of waves or modes can be achieved by the rotating metal reflectors 10 and 17 which are like wave agitators, so to speak. Essential for the invention is the magnet system which, in the example of FIG. 1, is disposed behind the substrate support 3. It is by means of this magnet system that the electron-cyclotron resonance is produced. The gas particles ionized by the microwaves are drawn by the Lorenz force into a path curving around the magnetic lines of force. The frequency of the rotation of a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field is independent of its radius of curvature if the velocities are not too great, and it depends only on the specific charge of the particle and the magnetic flux density. Thus, the known cyclotron resonance frequency applies: ##EQU1## wherein f is the frequency of rotation of the particle, eo is the particle's charge, m the mass of the particle and B the magnetic flux density. In the case of a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz coming from the horn radiator 15, in order to achieve the electron-cyclotron resonance frequency, a magnetic flux density of B=0.088 Vs/m2 =800 Gauss is necessary in order to create such conditions in the plasma chamber 5 that the frequency of rotation of an electron about the lines of force of the magnetic system will be in phase with the exciting frequency of the microwave. The positive and negative half-waves of the electrical field of the microwave are situated relative to the momentary position of the electron such that it is always accelerated. In this manner it is possible, as it is known in cyclotron technology, to accelerate electrons to very high energies as long as care is taken that these electrons do not collide with residual gas particles. For further details on the interaction between plasma and electromagnetic fields refer to the related technical literature (e.g., Bergmann/Schafer, Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik, Vol. IV, part 2, Aufbau der Materie, 1975, p. 1429 ff.).
In the case of the invention it is not the object to prevent collisions of the electrons with gas particles in order to bring the electrons to a high energy level; instead, such collisions are even desirable in order to produce radicals and ions by collision. In the case of a very frequent collision of electrons and gas particles, however, one can scarcely speak any more of a cyclotron resonance, because for this at least one complete revolution of the electrons has to be present before the collision takes place. This minimum of one revolution is achieved if the pressure of the gas is not all too high. As experiments have shown, the best results are obtained at a gas pressure in the 10-3 mbar range.
The magnetic flux density necessary for cyclotron resonance in coupling to a microwave of 2.45 GHz is, as mentioned, 0.088 Tesla. Permanent magnets especially suited for the production of such a flux density have proven to be high power permanent magnets such as CoSm or Nd-Fe-B magnets. If such permanent magnets are used in the magnet system of FIG. 1, a cyclotron resonance is obtained in the region 21 represented in solid lines. Consequently the plasma is ignited in this region, i.e., there is no plasma present at the window 14 that will result in a deposit thereon. With the invention it is therefore possible to locate the plasma where it is wanted, namely at the substrate support 3.
For a number of applications, however, it is a disadvantage in this case that only largely planar substrates can be coated, because for practical reasons the zone 21 of cyclotron resonance cannot be produced much farther away than about 20 mm above the magnet poles.
One possibility for getting around this disadvantage is shown in the apparatus of FIG. 2. In this apparatus a plasma is produced in front of the substrate support 3, so that even decidedly three-dimensional substrates can be coated. The magnet arrangement here consists of two systems 24 and 25 which are arranged in symmetry with an imaginary straight line along the axis of the waveguide 16 and of the horn radiator 15. In this case two cyclotron resonance regions 26 and 27 form, which serve as ignition zones for the plasma. The two metal boundary walls 12 and 13 according to FIG. 1 are replaced in FIG. 2 by a single boundary wall 23.
In FIG. 3 the apparatus of FIG. 1 is represented in a cross section taken along line III--III. It can be seen that several rods 18 have been screwed to different depths in the horn radiator 15. With these rods 18 the microwave field can be influenced in the sense that it can be controlledly curved. The mesh 9 is now plainly visible beside the microwave agitator 10. Openings 28 and 29 are provided in the substrate support 3 through which the ignited plasma front 21 strikes. The substrate support 3 is mounted on the loops 30, 31.
FIGS. 4a to 4e show different permanent magnet arrangements which are suitable for the magnet system 11. The sketches in the upper part of the figure are profiles while those in the lower part are plan views.
In FIG. 4a is shown a U-shaped permanent magnet 32 which has two legs joined together by a yoke 33. The area of cyclotron resonance is indicated at 21. The broken lines 36 and 37 represent magnetic lines of force on which no cyclotron resonance takes place. The legs 34 and 35 are bar magnets each with a north and south pole, the position of north and south pole in leg 34 being the opposite of that of leg 35. The magnetic field of the arrangement in FIG. 4a exercises a leveling effect on the thickness of the deposited layer in the lengthwise direction, which appears to be attributable to a cooperative drifting of the electrons, such as is known in the magnetron art. The E�B movement known in the sputtering magnetron is lacking because there is no constant E field perpendicular to the B field. However, a drive movement lengthwise of the magnetic field arrangement can be assumed, which is due to the great decrease of the B field above and below the cyclotron resonance surface. The resulting force is then F≈ΔB�B. This resultant force furthermore brings it about that the plasma burns well in front of a substrate support which covers the magnetic field-producing apparatus only if the substrate support has slots in the area of the face of the magnet system, as represented in FIG. 3.
Another permanent magnet arrangement is shown in FIG. 4b. Here three bar magnets 38, 39 and 40 with alternating north and south poles are arranged side by side on a common yoke 41. In this manner a linearization of the cyclotron resonance zone is obtained, because then two small resonance arcs 42, 43 are disposed side by side. As it can be seen from the lower part of the sketch, the two outer bar magnets 38 and 40 are joined together by legs 44 and 45. The arrangement in FIG. 4b is also called a "race-track" arrangement.
FIG. 4c shows a single bar magnet 46 which forms two cyclotron resonance regions 47 and 48. From the lower sketch it can be seen that the north pole and south pole are at a relatively short distance from one another compared with the total length of the north pole and south pole. In general, a very large-area configuration of the 0.088 Tesla region will be desired. This, however, requires a magnet mass that is greater than that required for a conventional magnetron magnetic field by a factor of about 3.
FIG. 4d shows a so-called "matrix" arrangement of magnets, in which a total of nine permanent magnets 48-56 are arranged at equal distances from one another and with alternating polarity.
In FIG. 4e there is shown a permanent magnet system similar to the one in FIG. 4a. In this case, however, the permanent magnets 57 and 58 joined by the yoke 59 form a cyclotron resonance region 60, 61, around their own north pole-south pole alignment. This is a magnet system equipped with simple components, such as is used for sputtering magnetrons, in which the electron-cyclotron resonance takes place around the individual magnets.
In addition to its function of providing for a resonance, the magnetic fields serve the function of a magnetic trap, in a manner similar to the normal magnetic circuit; i.e., the plasma is concentrated in the region of the magnetic field.
FIG. 5 shows an apparatus in which a waveguide 16 is divided into two waveguides 62 and 63. Each of the latter waveguides 62 and 63 terminates in its own horn radiator 64, 65. A plurality of horn radiators can be created in like manner, whose combined wave field is substantially more uniform than that of a single horn radiator.
FIG. 6 represents schematically the manner in which spoolable materials can be coated with the apparatus according to the invention. In this case the representation of the injection of the microwave has been omitted. All that is shown is the magnet system 11 as well as a portion of a roller guide for the spoolable material 67 which is guided over rollers 68 and 69. The roller 66 in this case extends over the circumference of the indicated circle 70.
FIG. 7 shows schematically the arrangement of the microwave transmitter system which is used in the invention. It has a microwave generator 71 which is connected by a circulator 72 and a three-rod tuner 73 to a horn radiator 74. A device 75 for measuring the reflected power is connected to the circulator. This device is symbolized by a diode. Between the three-rod tuner 73 and the horn radiator 74 there is connected an additional meter 76 by which the forward power is measured. This meter 76 is also represented simply by a diode.
The injection of the microwave power can be performed from a simple, unterminated hollow conductor, for in this case a certain part of the microwave power issues from one end. Due to the abrupt transition, however, some reflection of the microwave output passes into the hollow conductor. An almost complete radiation can be achieved by gradual transition, as a uniform flaring of the hollow conductor towards a horn. In the present case, where a reflection of 5 to 10% of the radiated power is still acceptable, an approximation of the shape represented in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is entirely sufficient.
In FIGS. 8a and 8b additional shields 77, 78, 79, 80 and 81 are provided by which it can be brought about that ion-supported deposition can be performed (FIG. 8b) or that deposition is performed without simultaneous ion bombardment (FIG. 8a). Here the magnet system, as in the case of the magnet systems of the previous figures, is provided with a covering 82. If there are enough rotations of the electrons between the collisions in the range of the electron-cyclotron resonance frequency, the electrons can assume high kinetic energies. Since the magnetic field offers no resistance to their movement in the direction of the lines of force, in the embodiments represented in FIGS. 1 and 3, the area of the substrate in which the lines of force break through is exposed to a corresponding electron bombardment, which leads, due to the resultant negative charge, the so-called "self-bias," to a corresponding bombardment of this area by positive ions. This ion bombardment can be controlled by the shields.
The embodiments of the invention represented in the drawing can be varied in many ways. For example, the position of the plane of the microwave window 14 relative to the plane of the substrate is not limited to the parallelism represented in FIGS. 1 to 3. Instead, the described configuration of a multimode state in chamber 5 can be achieved by any desired position of the microwave window 14. What is important is only the relationship between the substrate surface to be treated and the region of electron-cyclotron resonance.
Neither do the magnetic pole faces need, as represented in FIGS. 4a, b, c, d and e, to lie in a single plane. Furthermore, a staggering in depth can be performed by situating all north pole faces in a first plane and all south pole faces in a different second plane. Also the distances between the north poles and south poles can be made variable.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 7, 1972
|Jun 4, 1974
|R Bosisio
|Apparatus and method for plasma generation and material treatment with electromagnetic radiation
|Nov 21, 1973
|Sep 23, 1975
|Cit Alcatel
|Plasma deposition of thin layers of substrated or the like
|Feb 4, 1974
|Oct 7, 1975
|Fusion Systems Corp
|Method and apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation
|Oct 28, 1981
|Mar 20, 1984
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Plasma treating apparatus
|Nov 29, 1982
|Jun 4, 1985
|Leybold-Heraeus Gmbh
|Apparatus for producing a microwave plasma for the treatment of substrates, in particular for the plasma-polymerization of monomers thereon
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 22, 1992
|Jun 1, 1993
|Societe A Responsabilite Limitee: Metal Process
|Device for distributing a microwave energy for exciting a plasma
|Sep 30, 1991
|Aug 17, 1993
|Leybold Aktiengesellschaft
|Apparatus for thin-coating processes for treating substrates of great surface area
|Jan 10, 1991
|Jun 28, 1994
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Apparatus for treating substrates in a microwave-generated gas-supported plasma
|May 3, 1993
|Jul 12, 1994
|France Telecom Etablissement Autonome De Droit Public
|Chemical treatment plasma apparatus for forming a ribbon-like plasma
|Aug 5, 1996
|Feb 2, 1999
|Integrated Electronic Innovations, Inc.
|Microwave gas phase plasma source
|Aug 8, 2002
|Jan 25, 2005
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Active magnetic shielding
|Apr 16, 2004
|Jun 13, 2006
|Sungkyunkwan University
|Neutral beam source having electromagnet used for etching semiconductor device
|May 7, 2003
|Nov 4, 2008
|Btu International Inc.
|Plasma-assisted formation of carbon structures
|Jan 12, 2007
|Aug 20, 2013
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for reducing patterning effects on a substrate during radiation-based heating
|Aug 8, 2002
|Feb 12, 2004
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Active magnetic shielding
|Apr 16, 2004
|Sep 8, 2005
|Sungkyunkwan University
|Neutral beam source having electromagnet used for etching semiconductor device
|Jan 12, 2007
|Jul 17, 2008
|Balasubramanian Ramachandran
|Method and Apparatus for Reducing Patterning Effects on a Substrate During Radiation-Based Heating
|May 20, 2010
|Aug 30, 2012
|Young Bae Park
|Complex plasma generating device
|Jun 8, 2008
|Dec 18, 2008
|Chien Ouyang
|Plasma cooling heat sink
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 14, 1993
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 9, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 14, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 5, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 15, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19980708


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Hollywood Park: King Glorious caps meet
INGLEWOOD, Calif. - Sunday is the final day of the Hollywood Park autumn meeting, and the program is highlighted by the first running of the $200,000 King Glorious Stakes for 2-year-old California-breds over seven furlongs.
[HOLLYWOOD PARK: Get PPs and watch Saturday's full card live]
The projected field of 11 is expected to include the stakes winners Monument (California Cup Juvenile at Santa Anita) and Strong Wind (Graduation Stakes at Del Mar).
The King Glorious is part of the Golden State series of stakes for California-breds. The program was launched earlier this year, with a nomination fee of $300 for 2-year-olds. Juveniles that were not nominated could be supplemented to the program for $25,000.
Fighting Hussar, an allowance race winner in November, was supplemented to the King Glorious. He was fourth in the C.B. Afflerbaugh Stakes at Fairplex Park in September.


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Welcome to Glock Talk
Why should YOU join our Glock forum?
- Converse with other Glock Enthusiasts
- Learn about the latest hunting products
- Becoming a member is FREE and EASY
If you consider yourself a beginner or an avid shooter, the Glock Talk community is your place to discuss self defense, concealed carry, reloading, target shooting, and all things Glock.
variable power Rifle scope
Discussion in 'Band of Glockers' started by mtho, Apr 20, 2006.


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What if there was a federal program that connected universities and underserved communities to work together to address critical issues? Would you be surprised if I told you that program already existed? What if I told you that program was created in part to improve the efficiency of government spending—would that shock you? Read more >
College/Underserved Community Partnership Program: Building a Better Tomorrow through the Power of Partnerships
, UCS Science Network, UCS
August 24, 2015 2:52 PM EDT
Uintas Pika Watch or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Middle Schoolers
, UCS Science Network, UCS
November 5, 2014 5:06 PM EDT
A decade ago, I would have NEVER have believed that I would write the following words, but here they are: I love working with 7th graders! My twenty-something self would have further cringed at the idea of leading dozens of boisterous middle schoolers through quiet mountain landscapes. And yet, here I am, traipsing across alpine boulder fields with 60 of my closest 7th grade friends. Read more >
Engaging Scientists in Environmental Justice Communities
, Guest Commentary, UCS
October 17, 2014 2:57 PM EDT
The environmental movement in this country went through a major culture shift in the 1980s, when organizers of color expanded their vision and redefined their goals. Many communities of color felt that the environmental movement prioritized wildlife conservation over the protection of low-income communities, which usually experience the brunt of environmental injustices. Read more >
Blurring the Lines: Integrating Science and Policy
, UCS Science Network, UCS
February 20, 2014 3:09 PM EDT
When I was eleven, I would diligently watch The Weather Channel's "Tropical Update" and carefully track movements of tropical storms. This segment had a cult following—me. Visiting my relatives one summer, they found it odd that I preferred The Weather Channel over cartoons on a Saturday morning. Read more >
The Balancing Act: Public Engagement for the Academic Scholar
, UCS Science Network, UCS
November 5, 2013 6:25 PM EDT
Each spring, my colleagues and I perform a common ritual; we fill out our annual activities reports to summarize our research, teaching, and service accomplishments for the year. As we fill them out, we are keenly aware that the primary metric is really research, and in particular, research published in top tier academic journals. Attempts at public or political engagement are overlooked or even discouraged as an "impractical" waste of time. Read more >


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LATEST NEWS/* BEGIN: Block 2 of 2 Greg Add 2013 (Jan 29) */ ?> /* END: Block 2 of 2 Greg Add 2013 (Jan 29) */ ?>
4Chan, The Anti-Facebook In The World Of The Open Graphby Ron Callari
Early Urine Test For Autism May Lead To Preventionby T Goodman
Express Yourself With Roeland Otten's ABChairsby Toby
It just so happens that Roeland Otten is a graphic and media designer by trade, but his new ABChairs might just take his career on a new path. These sharp new san serif alphabet chairs looked like they're ready for icon-dom, literally, if not figuratively. The best news is that Otten wants to produce the ABChairs for the mass market!
Chommy, Foursquare Mayor May Be Blocked From Tian'anmen Square Check-ins?by Ron Callari
3-in-1 Frying Pan Pleases Time & Space Challenged Chefsby Steve Levenstein
10 More Hot Products To Keep Your Pets Coolby Lady Bee
A Shot Glass Full Of Water And Some Hot Air: Hand Mistingby Toby
Biomimicry Provides Solution To Regenerative Fabrics For Internal Organsby T Goodman
Buzzd Aggregates Foursquare, Gowalla & Other LBS Check-insby Ron Callari
Google Tweaks 'Twitter Ads' On DL To Attract Advertisers' Followersby Ron Callari
If It Moves Like A Fish, Fish May Follow It To Safetyby T Goodman
Wouldn't it be great if robots could lead fish and other wildlife away from the Gulf oil spill before they got a drop of oil on them? A mechanical engineering professor at the Polytechnic Institute of New York University has a dream that his robot fish can do that and much more.
Fatal Medication Errors & Other Reasons To Stay Out Of The Hospitalby T Goodman
Unf**ken Believeable, SwearJarr Cleans Up Twitterville, One Cuss Word At A Timeby Ron Callari
Why Design Now? The Creation Of Carbon-Negative Materialsby Toby
Design has a big impact on the environment, but today, most responsible designers put the 'environment' in their plans and try to avoid leaving a footprint. This is especially true in the design of new Materials, one of the categories featured in the Smithsonian's Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum's exhibit, Why Design Now, The National Design Triennial.
UC Berkeley Chemical Biologist Wins 'Oscar For Inventors'by Myra Per-Lee
An internationally known chemical biologist, Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi, researcher, entrepreneur, teacher, and mentor, from the University of California at Berkeley, has won the most prestigious Lemelson-MIT Prize for $500,000, dubbed the 'Oscar for Inventors.' This award recognizes individuals who translate their inventions and innovations into technologies that improve our world.


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All of these patch 7.0 Combat Rogue Macros have been tested and are currently working for patch 7.0. If you have any questions or suggestions on the Macros please let me know.
Note: These are just your basic Macros. For more advanced ones
Click Here For an Addon With Premade 7.0 Macros
(video tutorial for all the macros at the bottom)
Gouge Mouseover Macro
/cast [target=mouseover,harm,exists,nodead] Gouge; Gouge
How it Works – Casts Gouge on your single target if you have no mouseover. Otherwise Gouge will always be cast on your mouseover.
Mouseover, Single Target Focus Macro
How it Works – Makes your current mouseover your "focus target". Single targets don't need to be over your mouseover. Switch focus targets by simply mousing over them and clicking the macro.
Blind Focus Macro
/cast [target=focus,exists,nodead] Blind; Blind
How it Works – Casts Blind on your single target if you have no focus target. Otherwise Blind will always be cast on your focused target.
Kick Focus Macro
/cast [target=focus,exists,nodead] Kick; Kick
How it Works – Casts Kick on your single target if you have no focus target. Otherwise Kick will always be cast on your focused target.
Feint, Distract Modifier Macro
/cast [mod:alt]Feint; Distract
How it Works – Click your normal keybinding and you will cast Distract. Hold "alt" and click your keybind to cast Feint. ("shift" and "ctrl" can be substituted for alt if they fit your playstyle better)
Important Update (Please Read): Hey guys, I've been receiving many emails asking for custom macros. I don't mind at all, but just be aware it usually takes about a week to get back to people. In the meantime, I suggest checking out the addon I use called "Impulse" (I show it for a bit at the begging of the video). They have a lot of custom macros and keybindings built in, so you can pretty much swap out the spell and find what you're looking for. The addon does cost money, but it's worth it IMO. I've been using it for 3 or 4 years now and it saves time, but just like every other WoW addon ever made it's not required to have, only a timesaver and a helpful tool that streamlines gameplay more. Hey, it beats googling for macros and scouring the forums for class tips from so called "pros".
Check It Out Here: Impulses Keybind & Macro Addon
Share These Macros:


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Peteroy Frank Registered Architect - Copake, NY - Phone: (518) 329-2915
'Architects' are persons who render their services for designing, planning, programming, drawing and meeting other specifications involved in the construction of a building. Architects in Copake have different roles to play in a particular construction project namely designer role where architects create a design concept, documentation role where technical documents are prepared, construction role where projects are put to bid and the construction work is reviewed. Architects in Copake have to possess an architecture degree at the least and must also have a registered license which can be obtained after giving a lot of exams. In Copake the number of architects has increased dramatically over the years.
PSEG Long Island Helps Customers Go Green and Save Green
Energy Efficiency Programs Save Customers Millions of Dollars (Long Island, NY) PSEG Long Island announced today that customers participating in energy efficiency programs in 2015 will save more than $60 million and 307,582,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) per year. The amount of energy saved is good for the environment, too, as it results in the elimination of the carbon dioxide..


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|By The Numbers - Election Special
|| Print |
|Thursday, 30 October 2008
On October 26, 2008, I had the opportunity to visit with Tania Gabrielle, an expert numerologist on her radio show By the Numbers on WebTalkRadio.net.
Show Listing:
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3.20 Copyright (C) 2007 Alain Georgette / Copyright (C) 2006 Frantisek Hliva. All rights reserved."
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"Nothing feels worse than the feeling of no control, no choice or freedom. It is like being a child in an abusive home; there is no hope, no way out. But the suggestion that we have free will, the freedom to choose our life and destiny, is invigorating and frees the spirit"


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(Oct. 6, 2010)--On Oct. 7 and 8, the UTSA Downtown Campus will be the site of transformation for Frio Street, a major thoroughfare on the west edge of downtown San Antonio. The City of San Antonio Planning and Development Services Department will present the Frio Street Charrette at the campus.
The charrette (or planning meeting) will bring together for the first time Haven for Hope, UTSA, VIA Metropolitan Transit, University Health System, Avenida Guadalupe Association, Westside Development Corp. and Bexar County to discuss plans to revitalize the street from Interstate 10 to Interstate 35.
The UTSA College of Architecture will present David Dixon, national award-winning urban planner and principal at Goody Clancy in Boston, as guest lecturer and moderator for the two-day event. Activities will end with a reception at Pearl Studio, 200 E. Grayson.
The event is open to anyone interested in learning more about revitalization plans for this major thoroughfare. It begins at 3 p.m., Thursday, Oct. 7 with the master plan presentation, followed at 5:30 p.m. with a lecture by Dixon in the Buena Vista Street Building Aula Canaria (1.328).
The group discussion-planning session will be 8:30 a.m.-4 p.m., Friday, Oct. 8 in the Buena Vista Street Building Assembly Room (1.338), followed by a reception at 4:30 p.m. at Pearl Studio.
The Department of History at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) and Humanities Texas host a discussion about the election of 1876 and its contemporary significance.
Buena Vista Building, Aula Canaria (BVB 1.328), Downtown Campus
The UTSA Department of Modern Languages and Literatures hosts this event featuring speakers who will discuss issues of interest to professional interpreters and translators as well as recent research in translation and interpreting studies.
John Peace Library Assembly Room (JPL 4.04.22), Main Campus
The University of Texas at San Antonio kicks off the 2016 State Employee Charitable campaign (SECC) with an Agency Fair.
Sombrilla Plaza, Main Campus
The University of Texas at San Antonio kicks off the 2016 State Employee Charitable campaign (SECC) with an Agency Fair.
Buena Vista Building, Assembly Room (BVB 1.338), Downtown Campus
The League of Women Voters in collaboration with the UTSA College of Public Policy hold this public forum. The public is invited to the free event where they can get educated on the issues and informed on each candidate's position.
Buena Vista Building, Aula Canaria (BVB 1.328), Downtown Campus
Kevin Cokley, UTSA AAS visiting research scholar, will speak during this presentation. He is an expert in African American psychology, with a focus on racial and ethnic identity development, academic motivation and academic achievement. The event is free and open to the public.
Durango Building (DB 1.124), Downtown Campus
Presentation by Kevin Cokley, UTSA AAS visiting research scholar. Cokley's research and scholarship challenges the notion that African American students are anti-intellectual, and critically re-examines the impact of racial and ethnic identity and gender on academic achievement. The event is free and open to all UTSA students.
UC Denman Room (UC 2.01.28), Main Campus
Presented by the UTSA Department of Demography and the Applied Demography Society. Presenters will be Daniela Krotzer and Xioliang Liang.
Monterrey Building (MNT 3.240), Downtown Campus
Guests will hear oral presentations and attend information sessions on the various areas of the UTSA College of Sciences.
Convocation Center, Main Campus
Ambassador Arnold A. Chacon, Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Human Services, will conduct an information session on the mission of national service, career, and student programs with the U.S. State Dept.
Frio Street Building, Multipurpose room (FS 1.402), Downtown Campus
Grad Fest is a fun event to celebrate your upcoming graduation and help students prepare for commencement.
H-E-B University Center Ballroom (HUC 1.104/1.106), Main Campus
Grad Fest is a fun event to celebrate your upcoming graduation and help students prepare for commencement.
Meeting Assembly Room (BVB 1.338), Downtown Campus
Other Calendars
» UTSA Events | » Academic | » Institute of Texan Cultures
The University of Texas at San Antonio is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge through research and discovery, teaching and learning, community engagement and public service. As an institution of access and excellence, UTSA embraces multicultural traditions and serves as a center for intellectual and creative resources as well as a catalyst for socioeconomic development and the commercialization of intellectual property - for Texas, the nation and the world.
To be a premier public research university, providing access to educational excellence and preparing citizen leaders for the global environment.
We encourage an environment of dialogue and discovery, where integrity, excellence, inclusiveness, respect, collaboration and innovation are fostered.


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Vt. caregiver charged with Medicaid fraudThe Associated Press | November 20,2012MONTPELIER — The Vermont attorney general's office says a caregiver has been charged with 17 counts of Medicaid fraud.
Michelle Forcier of Colchester was arraigned Tuesday in superior court in Windsor County.
The 42-year-old Forcier is accused of submitting false claims for payments in excess of $1,300 for care under the Vermont Developmental Services Medicaid waiver program that was not provided. She pleaded not guilty.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON A North Bennington man who had worked as a crossing guard for the Village School of... Full StoryPROCTOR Two women were arrested Monday after allegedly being caught on camera assaulting... Full StoryA Benson man is facing a potential life sentence for allegedly having sex with a sleeping woman. Full Story
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- Crowning Moment of Heartwarming:
Joseph: Can you forgive me, for thinking I was some miracle from God?
- This dialogue at the end When Joseph reveals himself to his brothers
Judah: But you are a miracle. God sent you to save our family and all of Egypt. And you did.
- Crowning Music of Awesome: Trust us, the song you'll be humming three hours later is ''Better Than I.
- Moral Event Horizon: Played with, as might be expected in a film where Forgiveness is such a big theme.
- Joseph's brothers selling him into slavery would count, except they truly regret it and unhesitatingly offer their own lives for Benjamin's because they can't bear the thought of doing it again.
- Potiphar's wife accusing Joseph of raping her because he rejected her advances is despicable, but she stops him from being executed (exposing her lies to her husband,) because she can't bear to go that far.
- Potiphar seems to feel that he crossed it when he has Joseph imprisoned to avoid having to face the truth that his wife was lying, despite clearly knowing deep down that Joseph was innocent. Joseph's forgiveness clearly shakes him.
- Tear Jerker: "Because I will not let our father suffer...again."


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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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The Holmes HEPA Type Mini Tower Air Purifier is a personal tower air purifier for small rooms up to about 120 square feet. It filters dust, dander, pollen, mold spores, smoke, fabric fibers, allergens, and other contaminants in your air. This Holmes Mini Tower HEPA Air Purifier is made to filter and clean the air in small rooms up to 120 square feet, making this home air cleaner unit ideal for small rooms, small offices, small bedrooms, nurseries, desktops, and other small spaces. This Holmes personal Mini Tower Air Purifier unit utilizes a HEPA filter to reduce up to 99.97% of microscopic particles as small as 2 microns.
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The Wonder of Wanda. Wanda Jackson, who turns 75 in a week, is enjoying a new round of attention and acclaim. The pioneering female rocker and "Queen of Rockabilly" made a splash last year with The Party Ain't Over. Now she's back with another tellingly titled set, Unfinished Business. Besides showing that she's still hot as a pistol, it also shows that she's a versatile singer with a voice that can be both serrated and sultry.
- Nick Cristiano
Wanda Jackson, with Daniel Romano, at 8 p.m. Tuesday at the Sellersville Theater, 24 W. Temple Ave., Sellersville. Tickets: $29.50 and $40. Information: 215-257-5808, www.st94.com.


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Message from the Dean
There has never been a more exciting time to be a science or math major. Today's students will help fulfill the promise of the Human Genome Project, Clean Energy Technologies and other scientific breakthroughs. In the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, students get to know professors while studying a hands-on curriculum. Graduates who seek stimulating careers that continually offer new challenges will find excellent job prospects.
Biology professor shares in Emmy for documentary
Becoming California, a stunning PBS documentary co-produced by Sacramento State biology professor Jim Baxter, was named Best Documentary, Cultural/Historical, at the 44th annual Northern California Emmy Awards on June 6 in San Francisco.
Right: Celebrating their Emmy are, from left, Becoming California executive producers Jim Baxter and Jeffrey White, associate producer/writer Richard York, and producer/director Kit Tyler.Read More
Featured Videos
New Center for Science and Math Success Launches
The Center for Science and Math Success (Success Center) is a one-stop shop for students, housing several innovative programs to help students succeed in science and math courses.
Academic Departments
Biological Sciences
|Dr. Shannon Datwyler, Chair
|(916) 278-6535
|Fax: (916) 278-6993
|Dr. Michael Schmandt, Chair
|(916) 278-6109
|Fax: (916) 278-7584
Math & Statistics
|Dr. David Zeigler, Chair
|(916) 278-6534
|Fax: (916) 278-5586
|Dr. Linda Roberts, Chair
|(916) 278-6684
|Fax: (916) 278-4986
|Dr. Tim Horner, Chair
|(916) 278-6337
|Fax: (916) 278-4650
Physics & Astronomy
|Dr. William DeGraffenreid, Chair
|(916) 278-6518
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Does the sera blue sky support algae growth, and is it suitable for planted aquariums?
In how far is the sera blue sky suitable for planted aquariums (freshwater)?
this is actually possible. However, it is mainly used for aquariums with fish from open water (e.g. East Afrikan rift lakes) due to its color.
My retailer thinks it supports algae growth very much.
This is not correct - in case of excess algae growth, light is always only a co-factor, never the real cause. Algae problems are mainly related to an according nutrient supply. If this is well balanced, algae will be no problem (natural waters also contain very little algae if they are low in nutrients, in spite of them being exposed to full sunlight thoughout the day!).
Best regards
sera GmbH
Dr. Bodo Schnell


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Fixed PriceDelivery by December 20, 2013
We are seeking a Google Analytics Certified expert to audit our Google Analytics setup. This is for a Clickbank product based on the Wordptress content and aMember membership platforms. The sales funnel itself, though, is entirely responsive HTML and this is what we need audited in Google Analytics. We have already set up the goals, the funnel and three content experiments. We need a professional to double check everything and also to add e-commerce functionality to track purchases and revenues from the Clickbank shopping cart, and also create a dashboard that best reflects the data that a marketing person needs to quickly monitor product performance at a glance without having to delve too deeply into the Gooogle Analytics program. Please only apply if you are Google Analytics certified and understand how to audit an existing setup.
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text: Find this wine Find this wine Rendition Zinfandel 2009 Yummy! Fruity with a little spice. Very smooth finish. Pin It Tweet 5 years ago by Adrienne E. More posts Rendition Alexander Valley Zinfandel 2009 At mom and dads 3 years ago by Brown V. Rendition Alexander Valley Zinfandel 2007 Full body. Good flavor. Smooth finish 3 years ago by Ajbaizen Rendition Zinfandel 2008 Awesome 5 years ago by Bpinon6592


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Auto Contact Form Submission Software
This project received 8 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $463 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids8
Project Description
Looking for a software/application that can auto submit to contact forms with below features,
-Search for specific keyword within Google
-Keep top 500 (or more) Google results in DB, also give capability to mark sites as do not submit
-Start crawling the stored websites for their contact page/contact form
-Submit the form with desired data
-Generate report for successful and unsuccessful tasks plus error message,
-If it's unsuccessful add that URL to a blacklist and never submit again
Should have a way to add black listed sites. Shouldn't post the ad on yelp or other directories, just want business owners.
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
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The director of the Oscar winning film Once (2006) returns with another musical urban love story. This time the setting is New York City and you may know some of the actors. Keira Knightly plays a British song-writer adrift in the city after her partner, played by Adam Levine (frontman for Grammy winning band, Maroon 5) gets lured away by the music industry that brought them across the pond. She has a chance encounter with a disgraced music-business executive, played by the always excellent Mark Rufallo, who is also weathering a troubled long-term marriage. Catherine Keener, perhaps one of my favorite actors for her willingness to honestly portray strong women, is the disgraced executive's wife and Mos Def is his business partner. This movie is so full of excellent acting (did I mention Hailee Steinfeld, the child star from True Grit plays the daughter of Ruffalo and Keener's characters?), and so much of it is shot on the streets of Manhattan, that it would be very hard not to enjoy this movie, especially if you also like to listen to music and are interested in the creative process. Watch a preview and then check our catalog.
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33 posts tagged with sixties.
Displaying 1 through 33 of 33. Subscribe:
Can you identify this movie from the sixties or early seventies?
It may have been around 1969 when I saw this movie. I remember it as a realistic, set-in-the-present, "new hollywood" style of movie (easy rider, two-lane blacktop) and for some reason it's stayed in my head. Anyway the few specifics I remember are... [more inside]
60s music for a visitation.
My friend's mother passed away. She loved 60s music, particularly Peter Paul and Mary. In her home, I found CDs of Peter Paul Mary, John Denver, Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen, Cat Stevens. I know she loved the song Turn Turn Turn and Signs [more inside]
Where is a good small city with decent weather for happening couple?
We are looking for a small city without cold winters that has a large body of water - no inland towns for us- and is vibrant, cultured and intelligent. We have lived in LA, NY and Miami and are now in Durham, Nc - finding it too woodsy and land locked and way to hot in the summer here. We both work and are in our early sixties.
Wouldn't it be nice to learn more about Brian Wilson?
I'd like to learn more about Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys. What biographies should I read? [more inside]
Coming-of-age in the 60s
I'm looking for novels that are about, or mention in a significant way, growing up in urban 1960s America. Give me all the books you know with lots of silly detail about cars, music, sports and fashion! [more inside]
Bad trips
Recommend me the darker songs of the 1960's and 70's - paranoia, political repression, nuclear war, etc. For example, Love's The Red Telephone
What makes "Ride Captain Ride" so different?
The song "Ride Captain Ride" has been in heavy rotation around my house lately. There's something about this song that seems . . . different. I can't quite put my finger on it because I'm not a musician myself. I am not fluent in the language of chords and notes and that sort of thing. That said, I can't help but notice that this seems to stand apart from traditional North American pop/rock music. What distinguishes this song, if anything? You need not explain this to me Like I'm Five (as they put it on another webiste) but please be aware that I don't have a music-theory background. Many thanks in advance.
A sixties girl group canon?
I love the sound of sixties girl groups. I have this compilation but I want more. But boy there's a lot of compilations out there, often with the same songs... Are there any particularly good compilations out there worth getting? What groups were more than one-hit wonders and deserve special attention? Any great books, websites, documentaries? (Cheeky extra question: I'm also interested in 60s garage girl bands too)
Echoes of the past
BookFilter: Can you recommend books that connect what happened in the 60's to the current American political culture? [more inside]
"Come and do it, come on and do it"
I can't find a song I heard and it's driving me up a wall. I'm pretty sure it's called "Do It". [more inside]
Identify an obscure children's book(s) from the sixties?
Obscure children's book(s) from the sixties? Warning: this is a very long shot. [more inside]
The Times They Are a-Changin'
In order to prepare a competitive examination, I've got to delve deep into North American counterculture history. What should I read ? [more inside]
I love the song Where do you go my lovely, what other songs are similar?
I watched Darjeeling Limited / Hotel Chevalier a while ago and I fell in love with one of the songs featured in these movies. The song is Where do you go my lovely by Peter Sarstedt. To me it conveys sophistication, melancholy and nostalgia. What other songs from this era would I probably like?
Resonating lyrics
Vaguely remembered lyrics about dancing to be free wander through my head. [more inside]
Mad Men Themed Gifts for a man
Ideas for a Mad Men/early 60s themed gift for an early 20s man? [more inside]
The Birth of Rock and Roll
What was the really good music of the fifties and sixties? [more inside]
Consulate personnel and dependents registry?
I am looking for any publicly-available staff-and-dependents records for the British Consulate in Los Angeles, specifically for the period 1965 to 1966. I have some info. [more inside]
The crazy Oriental sound that the kids are all hep to.
Where can I get Japanese (Korean?) cover versions of American music from the 40's, 50's and 60's? (And, more specifically, the cover versions that feature as incidental music in Robert Altman's film M*A*S*H) [more inside]
French Music ID Filter
About 5 years ago there was a TV commercial (I think for BUPA) in the UK featuring a French song which I guess was from the sixties. The only lyric I can remember is (I think) "Quand votre coeur fait boom..." commercialbreaksandbeats.com is the usual place for answers on this - but they seem to be in the dead pool. Anyone have any ideas what I might be talking about?
The Enunciation of Dionne Warwick's Backup Signers
What are the background singers singing in this Dionne Warwick tune? [more inside]
Childhood movie memory
A childhood memory of two science fiction films has been nagging me lately. I have just a little to go on... [more inside]
Seeking details about black sixties soul suits.
What kind of (black) suits, shirts, ties, shoes did sixties soul musicians wear on stage? [more inside]
Name this movie.
What the heck was that movie I saw on TV a long time ago? [more inside]
"Let's bury the hatchet like the Beatles and the Stones..."
If you weren't dead in the 60s or know more than me, help me understand this "Beatles-Stones rivalry." [more inside]
Sixties Party Music Filter
I'm looking for sixties party music. [more inside]
Gay slang in the 60's
Was Polari employed by gays in America during the 60's ? If not, what ? [more inside]
Wah wah waaah waaaaah!
Can anyone identify the song right after the UFO sequence in this video? If you know of similar music, please reccomend it. [more inside]
Olive's in the Dancin' Zone
There was a fad dence in the Sixties called The Popeye that was particularly popular in the south, based on a minor hit by the great Enrie K-Doe. Anyone know how to do it? [more inside]
Ba-duh-ba-duh-duh, ba-da-ba, ba-duh-ba-duh-duh, ba-da-ba...
Name that song! Half-remembered music sample and... [more inside]
Sixties Dance Crazes
On this page of Dance crazes from the Sixties, at the bottom there is a fair amount of dances that are not described. If you can describe one that you know, that would be awesome. Or, a place where I can find out more.
Does this decade have a name?
It's been six years. Do you have, or does anyone you know use a term, in conversation, comparable to 'the nineties' or 'the eighties' for this decade?
Funny sixties movies?
One of my favorite movies of all time is It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, at least when I'm in a certain mood. I'm also inordinately fond of The Party. Given those, what other movies from that era might I enjoy? [more inside]
Not fear and loathing!
A friend of mine is looking for books, fiction or non-fiction, about the end of the sixties/beginning of the seventies, books reminiscent of HST's fear and loathing in las vegas. suggestions?
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