text:
International journal of clinical and surgical advances (IJOCSA) is an open access, quarterly published,peer reviewed, multidisciplinary international journal which publishes original innovative research works, reviews and case reports dealing with medical field.The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to published articles
Our aim is to encourage quality research work and maintain high level standards in the academic practice and research in medical field
We publish article in the following subjects: Anatomy,Physiology,Biochemistry,Pathology, Pharmacology, Forensic Medicine, Microbiology, PSM, ENT, Ophthalmology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Medicine,Obstetrics ,Gynaecology,Radiology ,Psychiatry,Dermatology ,Dental sciences and any other medical speciality
We invite you to submit your manuscript(s) to International journal of clinical and surgical advances for publication. Our objective is to inform authors of the decision on their manuscript(s) within five weeks of submission. Following acceptance, a paper will normally be published in the next issue
Index copernicus (Poland), scopemed,Index scholar ,Sciencecentral, ICMJE,DRJI,Genamics journalseek ,getCITED, Jour Informatics, Worldcat,International Society of Universal Research in Sciences(EyeSource), International Impact Factor Services (IIFS),Budapest Open Access Initiative ,Research Bible, Bibliothekssystem Universität Hamburg (University of Hamburg, Germany) , CaRLO(cancer research library online),German Cancer Research Center,Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (Berlin Institute) , Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig (Leipzig University Library), PDOAJ,Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung( Social Science Research Center,Berlin,Germany) ,Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg (University of Regensburg ,Switzerland) ,Scipeople,Hochschule hannover(University of hannover),Germany,GIF (Global impact factor),WILBERT,The Technical University Wildau,Berlin,The Clausthal University,Lower Saxony, Germany.,The Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library (SLUB) ,ViFaOst -Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Osteuropa (Virtual Library Eastern Europe),Opac Plus,Technical University of Central Hesse,Justus Liebig University Giessen, Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main University of Applied Sciences,Darmstadt University of Technology,Fulda University of Applied Sciences,Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz,Bavarian State Library,Scientific Indexing Services,citefactor


text:
Chanel Dror first popped on my radar in January, when debut single "R U Jealous Yet" was picking up steam at top 40 radio. She followed it up with a summery video in April and a well-received Pride Houston performance in June.
And now, in late-December, she's still working the same tune. It's a lesson so many aspiring pop artists would be wise to listen to. Persistence and talent go hand in hand.
"I think the difference is what the artist or singer is in it for," says Dror, a Houston native who lives in Austin. "If you're in it to make it big and be a pop star, chances are you're gonna grow impatient. Sometimes those things never happen, and when they do happen, they typically take a long time. But if you're someone who records and makes music because you genuinely love to do it, it's not an option to stop. It's not something you ever consider.
"Really, the reason I do it is because I can't imagine a life where I'm not recording music every chance I get. That's why I feel the endurance — because it's what I enjoy. It's really my outlet and just makes me happy."
Dror is back home for a pair of weekend shows, where she'll debut new material and, of course, showcase her enduring pop single. She first earned attention with her covers of Houston rap classics from the likes of Big Moe, Lil Flip and ZRo, which racked up thousands of YouTube hits. (And fear not: She's not done with those just yet.)
What's been occupying your time, musically speaking, aside from pushing "R U Jealous Yet?"
I'm recording a lot here in Austin whenever I can and with friends who write a lot. I don't have an album together, but my main goal at the moment is just to continue to record music. I'll be able to share some of the newer stuff with everybody (this weekend). I'm excited that these shows are happening at night, to get the crowd going and just party it up. The holiday season is still going strong, people are in Houston reuniting with old friends and family. I just want to be able to make the weekend fun for them.
Have you noticed a change in your audience since the release of the single?
When the YouTube videos were first coming out, the people who were reaching out to me were all the people I knew from Houston and Texas. That was exciting. But now I have my friends from New York and California and Vegas calling me and saying, 'I heard your song playing at the gym.' Just geographically, the attention is a lot more widespread. And I think the fanbase is definitely changing for obvious reasons. But even while I've been recording more pop songs over the last year, I've still been putting out YouTube videos. That's such a big passion of mine. I'm just trying to stay plugged into all the different music and the different people I love.
What's the most exciting place you've heard the song?
Someone was at the gym, and they said their spinning instructor put the song on. That was really exciting to me because I think of those classes as being exactly what I have in mind for the song. Just being really high energy and a really fun environment.
What do you miss most about Houston, aside from family and friends?
It sounds terrible, but I genuinely miss the Galleria. I just miss the Galleria. I can go to the mall and spend all day walking around there. I haven't found a mall quite like that anywhere else in the world. It sounds crazy but it really just feels like home to me. And it's not like I go and drop tons of cash. It's just like a weird, nostalgic thing. I love to be there.
You rocked the Pride Houston Festival over the summer. What was that like?
The first thing I think of when I think of my Pride performance is that it was 108 degrees outside. It was quite literally the hottest day I can ever, ever remember. The second thing that made that day special is that it was really my first time performing my pop tracks. Everyone was so receptive, and people coming up to me afterwards, telling me how much they enjoyed the songs, wanting pictures with me — it was just a really special day.
Since hip-hop is your first love, what's your top track of 2013?
I love Kendrick Lamar's "Poetic Justice." It's like my favorite, favorite song. I could listen to it on repeat, and it wasn't too aggressive. You just don't really get sick of a song like that. At the moment, my sensibilities are similar to a lot of peoples', which is sort of more laidback beats and easier listening, even when it comes to hip-hop.
Will you eventually incorporate rap into your originals?
Well, to that I would say that people should come out to the shows because there might be a little bit of that making an appearance. It's gonna be fun.
11 p.m. Friday: Meteor, 2306 Genesee. Free; 713-521-0123.
9 p.m. Saturday: South Beach, 810 Pacific. (Also featuring "RuPaul's Drag Race" star Phi Phi O'Hara.) Free before 11 p.m., $10 after 11 p.m.; 713-529-7623.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 9, 2003
|Filing date
|Mar 22, 2000
|Priority date
|Mar 31, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Allison A. Carleton, Catherine M. FitzPatrick, Theresa M. Pommier, Krista S. Schwartz
|Original Assignee
|Ncr Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (75), Non-Patent Citations (122), Referenced by (74), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/828,605, filed Mar. 31, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,717 entitled "REMOTE COLLABORATION SYSTEM WITH ANNOTATION AND VIEWER CAPABILITIES", which application is incorporated herein by reference."
The invention concerns systems which allow multiple users to remotely operate a single computer program. The invention generates a common visual image which is distributed to all computers. The users can make annotations on the common display. When they do, the invention replicates the annotations on all displays. Annotations can be kept private by users, if desired.
This application is related to:
application Ser. No. 08/035,091, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,835,713, issued Jul. 15, 1998, entitled "Remote Collaboration System," filed on same date herewith by FitzPatrick et al. and assigned to the assignee of this application;
application Ser. No. 08/811,078, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,944,785, issued Aug. 31, 1999, entitled "Remote Collaboration System," filed on same date herewith by Pommier et al. and assigned to the assignee of this application; and
application Ser. No. 08/034,313, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,608,872, issued Jul. 15, 1997, entitled "Remote Collaboration System," filed on same date herewith by Schwartz et al. and assigned to the assignee of this application.
A microfiche appendix, containing 2 microfiche and 142 total frames is filed herewith.
Modern telephone systems allow multiple parties at different locations to hold a conference. However, telephone conferences do not provide all of the conveniences of a face-to-face conference, where participants all meet at a common table in a meeting room.
For example, in a meeting room, participants can view an object of interest, such as a drawing or a product. Such viewing is not possible in a telephone conference.
The invention provides a system which duplicates many of the conveniences of a conference where people are physically present, but allows them to be at remote locations.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved electronic conferencing system.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a system which allows users to remotely operate a computer program.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a system which allows multiple computers to operate a single program residing on one of the computers.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a system which allows multiple computer users to view and annotate a common display.
In one form of the invention, multiple computers are linked together. A single computer runs an application program. The display produced by the program is replicated on the displays of all other computers. The user of each computer can annotate the user's own display, and the invention replicates the annotations on all other displays. The invention allows users of other computers to run a program which is loaded on a different computer.
FIG. 1 illustrates three computers, connected by telephone lines.
FIG. 2 initiates an example, which will be elaborated in FIGS. 3-14. In the example, a calculator program is operated, and annotated, by various parties.
FIG. 3 illustrates how the invention responds when a host user attempts to operate the calculator, when the invention is in Annotation mode.
FIG. 4 illustrates how the invention responds when a host user attempts to annotate the calculator, when the invention is in Annotation mode.
FIG. 5 illustrates how the invention responds when a host user attempts to operate the calculator, when the invention is in Application mode.
FIG. 6 illustrates how the invention responds when a host user attempts to operate the calculator, when the invention is in Local Annotation mode.
FIG. 7 illustrates how the invention responds when a host user attempts to annotate the calculator, when the invention is in Local Annotation mode.
FIG. 8 illustrates how the invention responds to a host user when in View mode.
FIG. 9 illustrates how the invention responds when a remote user attempts to operate the calculator, when the invention is in Annotation mode.
FIG. 10 illustrates how the invention responds when a remote user attempts to annotate the calculator, when the invention is in Annotation mode.
FIG. 11 illustrates how the invention responds when a remote user attempts to operate the calculator, when the invention is in Application mode.
FIG. 12 illustrates how the invention responds when a remote user attempts to operate the calculator, when the invention is in Local Annotation mode.
FIG. 13 illustrates how the invention responds when a remote user attempts to annotate the calculator, when the invention is in Local Annotation mode.
FIG. 14 illustrates how the invention responds to a remote user when in View mode.
FIGS. 15 and 15A illustrate logic flow used by the invention.
FIG. 1 shows three computers connected by telephone links. Each computer runs a message-driven, multi-tasking, Graphical User Interface (GUI), such as that sold under the name Windows, available from Microsoft Corporation, located in Redmond, Wash. Such GUIs are also called operating environments.
The user of a GUI interacts with a program by way of windows. The invention replicates selected windows, rather than the entire display, at the remote computers. This selective replication allows users to maintain private areas on their displays, which are not shared.
Each computer also runs software developed by the inventors. In addition, one computer (the Host) runs an Application program. (It is possible for the Host to run both programs because of the multi-tasking capabilities of the GUI.)
The invention has four basic modes of operation:
1. Application Mode
Any user of any of the three computers in FIG. 1 can issue commands to the Application program. For example, assume the Application program is one which simulates a hand-held calculator. The initial situation is shown in FIG. 2, where each computer display shows the calculator. Assume that the following events occur:
The user of the Host presses the "3" button on the calculator (either by keyboard input, or mouse input, depending upon the design of the calculator program). In response, each calculator, in its display area, shows a "3".
The user of one Remote presses "+".
The user of the other Remote presses "6".
The user of the Host presses "=".
At this point, all calculators will display "9", which is the sum of 3 and 6. The users collectively operated the calculator program, and the display of each shows the result.
The calculator program does not care which users pressed the buttons, nor whether some users pressed no buttons, provided a legal sequence of buttons was received. (It is assumed that the users are cooperative, and that no users try to sabotage operation of the calculator.)
2. Annotation Mode
Any user can draw on the user's own, local, display, using drawing tools similar to those found in a "paint" program. The user can draw boxes, circles, arcs, text, ellipses, and so on. The user can also erase items on the display.
The invention can replicate the user's annotations on all other displays, so that all users view similar displays. However, the displays could be different, because of the following factors:
(A) Different display monitors have different properties, such as resolution and color capability.
(B) Different display protocols (EGA, VGA, etc.) represent graphics images differently, and have different color capabilities.
(C) Different GUIs, or different versions of the same GUI, may have different display conventions. Different computers in FIG. 1 could run the different GUIs.
(D) Some users have changed the size of the window in which their calculator is displayed, causing a deviation in scaling.
These differences can cause differences in the appearance of the displayed images, relative to each other, but the basic content of all displays should be the same. To accommodate size differences, the invention draws to different scales as appropriate.
3. Local Annotation Mode
A user can annotate the local display, but the annotations are kept private, and no other user can see the annotations.
4. View Mode
No users can annotate, nor can they issue commands. However, an action resembling annotation can be taken. Users can move their cursors, and others will see the movement, allowing remote pointing. View Mode is useful in one embodiment, wherein, for example, Annotate Mode is in force, but a specific user's mode is designated as View. In this embodiment, all users can annotate, but the "View" user can only watch, and cannot annotate.
FIGS. 3-14 will illustrate the different modes, by way of example, using the calculator program.
Assume that the user of the host computer attempts to add two numbers, using the calculator. Attempted entry of the first number will be considered.
The user, located at the Host, moves the Host's cursor over a key of the calculator, as shown in FIG. 3, and tries to depress the key, by clicking the mouse. However, the mouse click does not reach the Application program, because the invention blocks it. The Application program does not respond, because it receives no mouse click.
That is, in more detail, the GUI detects the mouse movement, and causes "mouse messages" to be generated. The GUI places the mouse messages into a queue, where they await processing. INPUT ROUTER in FIG. 15 reads these messages. Because "Annotation Mode" is currently in force, INPUT ROUTER directs the messages to the ANNOTATION block. APPLICATION does not receive the messages, and thus does not respond. The mouse click is ignored.
ANNOTATION can be configured to respond in two (or more) ways to the mouse messages. In one configuration, ANNOTATION requires the mouse to initially select an ANNOTATION TOOL. If no selection is done, ANNOTATION ignores mouse messages.
Selection is done by clicking the mouse over an image of the tool, as is commonly done in "paint" programs. ANNOTATION recognizes this tool selection, and then treats subsequent mouse clicks as data for drawing with the selected tool. For example, if a rectangle tool were selected, the next two mouse clicks would define the diagonal corners of the rectangle. (FIG. 4, later discussed, illustrates drawing a rectangle.)
Under the second configuration, a default tool, such as a pen, is automatically selected when in Annotation Mode. In this configuration, when the user tries to depress a calculator button (by clicking on it), the user (unintentionally) initiates drawing of a line, using the pen. When the user recognizes this, the user can terminate drawing of the line, in any of several known ways.
Therefore, in Annotation Mode, the invention either (a) responds to mouse input by initiating a default annotation, or (b) ignores the mouse input, because an annotation tool was not selected. Keyboard input from the user is treated the same way. Of course, other responses by ANNOTATION can be designed.
Each display shows a cursor whose position is controlled by the associated mouse. The invention replicates each cursor on all displays. Thus, in FIG. 3, with three mouses, there are three cursors on each display (only one is shown for simplicity).
Consequently, when one user moves a mouse, the corresponding cursor moves on all displays.
In general, the three cursors are distinguishable: each cursor identifies its owner, as by color, shape, inclusion of a label, or the like.
This situation is quite similar to that of FIG. 3, except that, now, the user intends to draw an annotation, instead of intending to press a button, as in FIG. 3.
Assume that the user of the host computer draws a box over the calculator. (The box is shown overly large, for emphasis. It is preferred that the box not extend beyond the calculator itself.) The invention replicates the box on the remote computers. (The box is drawn using annotation tools, which are not shown.)
In terms of FIG. 15, INPUT ROUTER directs the logic flow to ANNOTATION. ANNOTATION calls the proper GDI functions to draw the box. Also, ANNOTATION sends "annotation messages" to CONNECTION API, which delivers the annotation messages to the Remotes.
ANNOTATION in FIG. 15A receives the annotation messages. This ANNOTATION block represents the logic executed at each remote computer. This ANNOTATION calls the proper GDI functions, via the block GDI.
"GDI" is an acronym for Graphical Device Interface. "GDI functions" are small programs, contained in a larger program of the GUI called GDI.EXE. A GDI function, when called, draws a specific graphic image, such as a circle, box, or text, based on subsequent input from the user. Other GDI functions perform other tasks, such as selecting pen widths.
GDI.EXE is a commercially available product. Technical details concerning GDI.EXE are contained in "Windows Software Development Kit," available from Microsoft Corporation, and in Programming Windows 3.1 by Charles Petzold (Microsoft Press, Redmond, Wash., 1992, ISBN 1-55615-395-3).
The user of the Host moves the cursor over the calculator key "3" and clicks the mouse. The GUI generates a mouse message and places in into the queue. The invention reads the mouse message, and passes the message to the Application program (ie, the calculator program), which responds by (1) showing that the key "3" is depressed and (2) drawing the numeral "3" in the calculator's display, using GDI calls. The Application program also records the fact that the user enters a "3," for its own internal operations.
The invention also intercepts the GDI calls made by the Application program in drawing the "3" in the calculator, and in drawing the depressed "3" button. The invention notifies the other computers of the GDI calls. The other computers replicate the Host display, by executing the same GDI functions. Greater detail concerning this GDI interception is given later, in the section entitled "General Considerations."
Thus, all users simultaneously see the user of the Host operate the calculator. (The action is not exactly simultaneous, because extremely short delays are involved. However, a human probably could not detect the delays if the Host and the Remote were operating side-by-side.)
In terms of FIG. 15, the INPUT ROUTER recognizes that the mouse messages should be directed to the Application program, and directs the logic flow to APPLICATION (ie, the calculator program). APPLICATION (1) draws a depressed "3" key and (2) writes the numeral "3" in the calculator's display, by calling appropriate GDI functions.
However, the invention, via GDI CAPTURE in FIG. 15, captures the Application program's GDI calls, before they are executed. The invention does two things with the captured calls. One, it notifies the other computers of these calls, via the block CONNECTION API. This action leads to block CAPTURED GDI DISPLAY in FIG. 15A, which causes each Remote to execute the same GDI functions, as indicated by block GDI.
Two, the invention allows the GDI functions, called by the Application program, to be executed at the host, via the block GDI in FIG. 15.
Therefore, the invention captures GDI function calls made by the Application Program. The invention notifies the Remote computers of the captured calls, so that the Remotes can duplicate them. The invention allows the captured calls to be executed as intended on the Host.
Assume that in Annotation Mode, there is no default annotation tool given to the user. Under this assumption, if the user moves the cursor to a calculator button, and tries to "press" the button, the INPUT ROUTER in FIG. 15 passes the mouse message to the ANNOTATION block. Since the mouse click is not part of a valid annotation input sequence (no tool was selected), ANNOTATION draws nothing.
Further, the Remote computers do not show the movement of the cursor corresponding to the Host computer's mouse, as indicated, because line 5 in FIG. 15 does not send Annotation Messages to the other computers when Local Annotation is in force.
Further still, the calculator button is not re-drawn as a depressed button on the Host display, in response to the attempt to press it, because APPLICATION did not receive the mouse message. APPLICATION is responsible for drawing depressed calculator buttons.
If a default annotation is assigned to the user in Local Annotation Mode, the user's mouse click would initiate drawing by that tool. When the user realized the mistake, the user would terminate the drawing, in a known manner.
Under these conditions, the INPUT ROUTER in FIG. 15 recognizes a valid attempt to perform annotation, as by drawing a box. The INPUT ROUTER directs the logic flow to the ANNOTATION block, which calls the proper GDI functions for drawing the annotation, namely, a box, as shown in FIG. 7.
However, because the annotation is local, no boxes are drawn on remote computers, as indicated in FIG. 7. No data is sent along data path 5 in FIG. 15.
As FIG. 8 indicates, the mouse click is ignored, and nothing happens at the Remotes.
In FIG. 15, the INPUT ROUTER reads the mouse message, but blocks it from APPLICATION, because the current mode is "view."
Assume that the user moves the mouse cursor over a calculator button and clicks the mouse. The mouse click is ignored. The other computers (Host and the other Remote) show the motion of the user's cursor, but nothing else, because no tool has been selected.
In FIG. 15A, the INPUT ROUTER blocks the mouse message from reaching APPLICATION. The logic is directed to ANNOTATION, which draws a cursor on the user's Remote display, via block GDI. ANNOTATION also sends data to CONNECTION API, which directs the logic to ANNOTATION in FIG. 15. This ANNOTATION represents the annotation logic present on the two other computers: the Host and the other Remote. These ANNOTATION blocks draw cursors corresponding to the users cursor, at corresponding positions, via the GDI block in FIG. 15, which represents GDI function calls.
The Host can use one tool, such as a box-drawing tool, while a Remote can use a different tool, such as a circle-drawing tool.
Assume that the annotation is a box. A box is drawn on all displays. In FIG. 15A, the INPUT ROUTER at the user's Remote directs the mouse messages to the block ANNOTATION. ANNOTATION does two things. One, it calls the proper GDI functions to perform the annotation, namely, drawing the box.
Two, ANNOTATION sends annotation messages to CONNECTION API, which delivers the annotation messages to the other computers. However, one of these is the Host, and the other is a Remote. The logic at the Host reaches ANNOTATION in FIG. 15, and the logic at the other Remote reaches ANNOTATION in FIG. 15A.
Both of these ANNOTATION blocks cause the proper GDI functions to be called, to draw an annotation corresponding to the user's annotation. However, in the Host, logic path 5 is not taken at this time, because it is not necessary to replicate the Host's annotations at other computers.
The reader is reminded that the calculator program is loaded only on the host, while a Remote user wishes to operate it.
The Remote user's INPUT ROUTER in FIG. 15A routes the mouse messages to CONNECTION API. The Host receives these messages, which are delivered to the Host's INPUT ROUTER in FIG. 15. The Host's INPUT ROUTER directs the messages to the block APPLICATION (ie, to the Application program, namely, the calculator program), which does two important things.
The calculator program treats the messages as though they were issued by the Host's mouse, even though a Remote mouse caused them. The calculator program responds in its usual way, which includes (1) showing a depressed calculator button "3", (2) writing the numeral "3" in the calculator's display, and (3) performing its own internal computations when it learns that the user entered data (namely, the "3").
However, before the calculator program can execute (1) and (2) in the previous paragraph, the Invention first captures the GDI functions which the calculator program calls. This capture is illustrated in block GDI CAPTURE in FIG. 15.
During this capture, the Invention, in effect, does two things. One, it sends these GDI functions to CONNECTION API (for the other computers to use). At the user's Remote, CONNECTION API in FIG. 15A directs the GDI functions to CAPTURED GDI DISPLAY, which replicates the Host's display. Two, it causes the GDI functions to be executed at the Host (via block GDI in FIG. 15). Therefore, the general sequence of events is the following:
The Remote user attempts to press a calculator button.
The invention running on the Remote detects this attempt, and sends data to the calculator program running on the host. The data takes the form of messages, which the calculator program "thinks" come from the Host's mouse.
The calculator program performs as usual, and draws images on the Host display, via GDI calls.
The invention captures the GDI calls, and informs the Remotes of them.
The Remotes replicate the Host's window. The Remote user thus can remotely operate the calculator program running on the Host.
Summarizing in a different way: The invention generates mouse messages at the Host, based on mouse messages at the Remote. The calculator program (running on the Host) responds to the mouse messages as though they were generated at the Host. The invention intercepts the GDI calls made by the calculator program, and executes the same GDI calls at the Remote, thereby replicating the Host's display at the Remote.
The user's mouse click is ignored. Nothing appears on the other displays in response to the mouse movement, because of failure to select a tool.
The annotation is drawn on the user's display, as indicated. No annotation occurs on the other displays.
As indicated, the mouse cursor moves at the user's display, but the mouse click is ignored. Further, the other two displays do not show the movement of the user's mouse cursor.
1. Different Programs Draw Different Parts of Overall Display.
The displays are drawn using GDI functions. However, different parts of a display are drawn by different programs.
Despite the fact that all these drawing operations are undertaken using GDI functions, GDI functions are not the exclusive medium of communication between computers for replicating the displays.
Drawing by an Application Program Involves Another Type.
For example, when a user performs annotation, the user's mouse messages are replicated, AS MESSAGES, at the other computers, via path 5 in FIG. 15. These replicated messages then cause the respective ANNOTATION blocks (at the other computers) to issue the proper GDI calls for drawing the annotation. That is, GDI calls are not sent directly from the user performing the annotation to the other computers.
In contrast, when an application program causes a graphic image to be drawn on a display, the invention intercepts GDI calls (via GDI CAPTURE in FIG. 15) and causes the GDI calls to be replicated on the other computers.
A major reason for the two different procedures (replicating mouse messages and replicating GDI calls) is that annotations are stored in memory at different locations than the display information.
That is, returning to the calculator of FIG. 2, the Application program stores the image of the calculator in the following general way. Annotation data is stored by the invention; Application program data is stored by the Application program (at the host). Each image of a key is stored as data from which a GDI function can draw the key. The data includes information such as position, size, color, and so on. Each key includes an associated number. The number can be stored as a text character, with information as to position, size, font type, and so on.
Annotation data is stored at a different location, but in the same general way.
If either the annotation or the Application program needs bitmaps, the bitmaps are stored in a conventional, known manner, by the GUI.
The invention combines the annotation images with the Application's images by the known technique of masking. That is, the invention, at a Remote, plays (or executes) the received GDI functions into a bitmap. The invention plays the received annotation information into a different bitmap. The two bitmaps are masked together.
The annotation data is kept separate from the application data so that, for example, a user can save an Application image, but without annotations. Alternately, a user can save annotation data alone, or save an annotated display.
As another example, keeping the annotation data separate facilitates drawing a display having no annotation data. If the annotation data were intermingled with the calculator image data, elimination of the annotation data would be difficult, if not impossible.
If GDI calls were transmitted exclusively (ie, no message replication were undertaken), then extra effort would be required to construct annotation data for separate storage.
2. GDI Interception, or Capture.
GDI interception can be understood as follows.
A. On start-up, the invention replaces the first five bytes of each GDI function with a JUMP instruction to a particular program, namely, Trap.GDI.
B. Trap.GDI gets the parameters for the desired graphics image (eg, in the case of a box, the locations of the two diagonal corners) and calls the sub-program PkgDispCall. Trap.GDI also replaces the first five bytes.
C. PkgDispCall accepts the parameters from Trap.GDI and generates an object structure. This object structure is a block of data containing everything necessary for the other computers to draw the box.
For example, the object structure contains information as to size and position of the box. Further, the GUI draws images within a "context." The context includes things such as pen width, color, and other features. The invention tracks the contexts of the individual computers. If the context of the box drawn is different from the contexts of the remote computers, PkgDispCall includes data necessary for the other computers to create the correct contexts.
D. The object structure is shipped to the other computers, which then execute the same GDI functions.
E. The invention executes the original GDI functions.
3. Displays are not Transferred in Entirety.
The displays are not replicated bit-by-bit. For example, the image of the calculator in FIG. 2 could be transferred between computers in bitwise fashion. If the calculator occupied a space of 200×300 pixels, then information regarding 60,000 (ie, 200×300) pixels must be sent.
Instead, the particular calculator image shown in FIG. 2 is treated as eighteen rectangles, plus a text character for each of sixteen of the rectangles, giving a total of 34 objects. Each object requires parameters, such as size and position. The number of parameters is small, in the range of three to ten. Assuming ten parameters, then 340 pieces of data must be sent. Of course, the size of each piece depends on many factors, but a small number of bytes for each piece may be assumed.
Therefore, the invention reduces the 60,000 pieces of data needed for bitwise replication to 340 pieces maximum for object replication. Of course, some objects may take the form of bitmaps, and must be sent bit-by-bit. However, in general, bitmaps are expected to be rare. Further, it is expected that, in general, bitmaps, when sent, need be send only once.
Further, the object data is compressed when possible. That is, every transmission between computers is of compressed data, when possible. Compression is known in the art.
4. Types of Data Link.
Communication among computers can take several forms. Commercially available networks, local and wide area, can be used. Commercially available ISDN telephone service, provided by local telephone companies, can be used. Modem communication can be used.
5. Prior Art Message Detection.
There are commercially available packages which detect messages generated by the GUI in response to an input device. One such package is WINSIGHT, available from Borland International. However, it is believed that such packages do not inform remote computers of the messages.
6. Alternate GDI Capture.
An alternate approach to the graphics capture described above is the following. The system-provided GDI is replaced by a separate procedure which processes GDI calls before calling the actual system GDI. The system GDI name is changed to prevent confusion between the two modules. The same technique is also used on USR.EXE to also capture GDI calls made through system-provided modules.
7. More than One Computer can Run Application Programs.
A given computer can act as a Host for one program and a Remote for another. For example, one computer can run a word processing program. Another computer can run a CAD drawing program. Each is Host for its respective program.
Since the invention's software on each computer is identical, or substantially identical, all users can run either the word processing program or the CAD program, in the manner described above.
8. "Real" Cursors and "Pseudo" Cursors.
There are two types of "cursor. " Each GUI generates its own "real" cursor. The real cursor is not generated by GDI functions, but by an independent function in the GUI. The reader can view the cursor as a bitmap which the GUI moves in response to mouse motion.
In addition to the real cursor, which is controlled by the local mouse, the invention generates a "pseudo" cursor for each remote participant. The pseudo cursors are generated using GDI functions.
Sometimes a real cursor changes shape as the cursor moves. For example, it can take the form of an arrow when lying on a tool bar, and then change to a hand when lying on a client area. Sometimes this change is under the control of the Application program.
Therefore, if a Remote user is controlling an Application program running on a Host machine (as in FIG. 11), the Application program may change the cursor on the Host machine, but without using GDI calls. Consequently, the GDI capture of FIGS. 15 and 15A will be ineffective to replicate the changed on the Remote display.
To confront this problem, the invention watches for the functions which change the real cursor (eg, the SetCursor command). The invention replicates the cursor change on the Remote computer.
One way is to execute the same SetCursor command. An alternate approach would be to change the Remote cursor by executing a proper sequence of GDI calls, or to draw a bitmap, when the Host cursor changes.
9. Entire Display not Replicated.
The invention only replicates windows which the user of a display identifies. That is, the user can keep a workspace, such as a notepad, private during a conference. GDI calls use a task handle. If the task handle does not refer to a shared item, the GDI calls are not shared.
10. Computer Code.
Computer code in microfiche form is attached. A description of files contained therein is contained in the following Table.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 23, 1981
|Nov 8, 1983
|Canadian Patents & Development Ltd.
|Interactive visual communications system
|Jun 15, 1981
|Mar 6, 1984
|Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corp.
|Interactive graphic system
|Sep 14, 1982
|Mar 5, 1985
|Eaton Corporation
|Controlled work flow system
|Mar 30, 1983
|Jul 23, 1985
|Reuters, Ltd.
|Conversational video system having contact selection control
|Feb 27, 1984
|Sep 3, 1985
|Freda Krumholz
|Computer teaching system
|Sep 23, 1985
|Mar 3, 1987
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Footnote management for display and printing
|Dec 4, 1984
|Dec 29, 1987
|Ronald Lewis Shapiro
|Computer training system
|Jan 25, 1988
|Jul 3, 1990
|At&T Company
|Data conferencing arrangement for stations having keyboards and displays, using a keyboard buffer and a screen buffer
|Jan 3, 1989
|Aug 28, 1990
|American Telephone And Telegraph Company
|Audiographics conferencing arrangement
|Dec 9, 1987
|Oct 9, 1990
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for utilizing fast polygon fill routines in a graphics display system
|Sep 7, 1988
|Apr 21, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Private regions within a shared workspace
|Dec 14, 1989
|Jun 2, 1992
|Options Unlimited Research Corp.
|Full-duplex video communication system
|Feb 28, 1990
|Sep 8, 1992
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for associating annotation with electronically published material
|Aug 15, 1989
|Apr 27, 1993
|Group Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for interactive computer conferencing
|Nov 15, 1990
|May 4, 1993
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Joint information processing system comprising a plurality of terminal apparatuses guaranteeing identicalness of data processing results
|Apr 15, 1991
|Jun 15, 1993
|Xerox Corporation
|Updating local copy of shared data in a collaborative system
|Nov 27, 1990
|Aug 31, 1993
|Farallon Computing, Inc.
|Screen image sharing among heterogeneous computers
|Jul 29, 1991
|Sep 14, 1993
|Options Unlimited Research
|Full-duplex video communication and document generation system
|Dec 20, 1990
|Sep 21, 1993
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Control method and system for establishing a connection among terminals forming a joint project information processing system
|Sep 3, 1992
|Jan 18, 1994
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|System and method for performing interlocution at a plurality of terminals connected to communication network
|May 30, 1991
|Mar 8, 1994
|Sandia Corporation
|Method and apparatus for collaborative use of application program
|May 14, 1992
|May 3, 1994
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Realtime communication of hand drawn images in a multiprogramming window environment
|Nov 1, 1991
|May 24, 1994
|Unisys Corporation
|Method and apparatus for remotely and centrally controlling a plurality of host processors
|Aug 21, 1991
|Jun 14, 1994
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Address method for computer graphics system
|Dec 31, 1991
|Aug 9, 1994
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for identifying users in a collaborative computer-based system
|Dec 31, 1991
|Aug 16, 1994
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Cursor lock region
|Dec 31, 1991
|Aug 16, 1994
|International Business Machines Corporation
|User selectable lock regions
|Jun 3, 1992
|Dec 20, 1994
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Video teleconferencing for networked workstations
|May 24, 1993
|Dec 27, 1994
|Courtaulds Fibres (Holdings) Ltd.
|Comminuting wood pulp sheeting
|Nov 21, 1991
|Jan 3, 1995
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Collaborative information processing system and workstation
|Jul 2, 1992
|Feb 21, 1995
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Collaborative computing system using pseudo server process to allow input from different server processes individually and sequence number map for maintaining received data sequence
|Nov 10, 1992
|Aug 15, 1995
|Xerox Corporation
|Method and apparatus for interfacing a plurality of users to a plurality of applications on a common display device
|Jul 14, 1993
|Aug 29, 1995
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Method for implementing computer applications in an object oriented manner using a traditional non-object oriented programming language
|Jun 28, 1994
|Jan 16, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Display station controller
|Apr 3, 1995
|Apr 2, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for providing multi-command support in a rendering adapter
|Dec 31, 1992
|May 7, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for managing communications within a collaborative data processing system
|Dec 15, 1994
|Jun 25, 1996
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Cooperative operation using workstations having operative rights assigned
|Jun 14, 1994
|Jul 16, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method of computer conferencing by intercepting commands issued by application programs and redirecting to all stations for execution
|Jun 25, 1992
|Dec 3, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for storing and retrieving annotations and redactions in final form documents
|Aug 26, 1994
|Feb 4, 1997
|Emotion, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for annotating full motion video and other indexed data structures
|Feb 12, 1996
|Mar 4, 1997
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Video teleconferencing for networked workstations
|Mar 19, 1993
|Mar 4, 1997
|Ncr Corporation
|System for allowing all remote computers to perform annotation on an image and replicating the annotated image on the respective displays of other comuters
|Mar 19, 1993
|Jul 15, 1997
|Ncr Corporation
|System for allowing user of any computer to draw image over that generated by the host computer and replicating the drawn image to other computers
|Aug 28, 1992
|Sep 23, 1997
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Collaborative document processing system with version and comment management
|Apr 4, 1995
|Nov 25, 1997
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Groupware system providing facilitated data transfer among common and individual work areas
|Sep 28, 1993
|Dec 30, 1997
|Ncr Corporation
|Accelerated replication of multiple computer displays
|Dec 2, 1996
|Feb 10, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|Method of operating multiple computers by identical software running on every computer with the exception of the host computer which runs shared program in addition
|Jan 28, 1997
|Feb 10, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|System for switching data connection to use first channel and second channel without substantial interruption of transfer of audio signals and image data between computers
|May 1, 1996
|Mar 10, 1998
|Fujitsu Limited
|Multi-window communication system
|Jan 29, 1997
|Mar 10, 1998
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus for dynamically controlling a remote system's access to shared applications on a host system
|May 27, 1994
|Apr 28, 1998
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Display control method and apparatus for an electronic conference
|Apr 22, 1994
|May 5, 1998
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Cooperative information processing method and apparatus utilizing local program
|Nov 5, 1996
|Jun 2, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system including first program means translating user inputs into annotations and running on all computers while second program means runs on one computer
|Aug 11, 1994
|Jun 9, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Peer-to-peer communication interface
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jul 14, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|Collaborative system for allowing user to draw annotation images on the user display and replicating the annotation images on the displays of all other computers
|Nov 12, 1992
|Aug 25, 1998
|John R. Klug
|Remote multiple-user editing system and method
|Mar 31, 1997
|Oct 6, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|Collaboration system for producing copies of image generated by first program on first computer on other computers and annotating the image by second program
|Mar 19, 1993
|Nov 10, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system for selectively locking the display at remote computers to prevent annotation of the display by users of the remote computers
|Aug 5, 1997
|Nov 17, 1998
|Ncr Corporation
|Collaboration system for allowing computer to draw annotation images on the output of selected program and replicating the annotation images on displays of other computers
|Jul 8, 1996
|Jan 12, 1999
|Intel Corporation
|Apparatus and method for linking public and private pages in a conferencing system
|Jun 7, 1996
|Feb 2, 1999
|Collaboration Properties, Inc.
|Two monitor videoconferencing hardware
|Apr 2, 1997
|Feb 9, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration among a host computer and a plurality of remote computers each remote computer running a remote program that selectively replicates annotated images on the other remote computers
|Sep 28, 1993
|Feb 16, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Collaborative video conferencing system
|Apr 21, 1997
|Mar 2, 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for forwarding instructions in a processor with increased forwarding probability
|Apr 2, 1997
|Mar 30, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Collaborative system running application program for transmitting the identity of each surrogate function to remotes to draw images of displays
|Apr 7, 1997
|Jul 6, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Annotation of computer video displays
|Apr 2, 1997
|Jul 13, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration among host computer running host program and remote computers each running application program
|Apr 2, 1997
|Aug 17, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system that stores annotations to the image at a separate location from the image
|Mar 3, 1997
|Aug 31, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system performed by a host computer running an application program and remote computers running a program distinct from the application program
|Mar 31, 1997
|Sep 7, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system
|Apr 2, 1997
|Dec 28, 1999
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system with selective annotation
|Mar 31, 1997
|May 9, 2000
|Ncr Corporation
|Remote collaboration system with annotation and viewer capabilities
|Sep 23, 1983
|Apr 25, 1984
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Decentralized information processing system and initial program loading method therefor
|Feb 3, 1988
|Jul 28, 1993
|Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.p.A.
|System of data working stations for teaching a class of students
|Aug 9, 1990
|Feb 20, 1992
|Stokes, Jack, A.
|Oil reclaiming device
|"A Comparison of Application Sharing Mechanisms in Real-Time Desktop Conferencing Systems".
|"Carbon Copy Plus", Byte, vol. 12, No. 14, pp. 180, Dec. 1987.
|"Meeting Support-An Emerging Market", pp. 69., 72-75.
|"Meeting Support—An Emerging Market", pp. 69., 72-75.
|3M Meeting Management Institute, Meeting Management News, vol. 3, No. 1, "The Year 2000: Expect Meetings to Change, Not Decline", Apr. 1991.
|3M Meeting Management Institute; "Meeting Management Bibliography", Mar. 7, 1991.
|3M Meeting Management Institute; Meeting Management News, vol. 3, No. 3., "Study Focuses On Use of Rules in Meetings", Dec. 1991.
|Abdel-Wahab, H., et al., "Shared Workspaces for Group Collaboration: An Experiment Using Internet and UNIX Interprocess Communications", Communications, IEEE, pp. 10-16, Nov. 1988.
|Ahuju, "A Comparison of Application Sharing Mechanisms in Real-Time Desktop Conferenceing Systems", AT&T Bell Lab.
|Andrews, E., "Plugging the Gap Between E-Mail and Video Conferencing", The New York Times, Sun. Jun. 23, 1991, Technology, pp. 8-9.
|Aring & Robinson, "Support for Informal Communication in Distributed Group Work", Wideband Communication, pp. 864-870.
|Bartimo, J., "At These Shouting Matches, No One Says a Word", Information Processing-Information Management, Business Week/Jun. 11, 1990, pp. 78.
|Buckler, G., "Macintosh Conferencing System Wins Award", Newsbytes, PNEW 12020027, Dec. 2, 1991.
|Buxton, W. A. S., "Telepresence: Integrating Shared Task and Person Spaces", Proceedings. Graphics Interface '92, Vancouver, BC Canada, May 1-15 1992.ISBN 0-9695338-1-0, 1992, Toronto, Ontario., Canadian Inf. Process. Soc., Canada, pp. 123-129 (p. 126, right col., Fig. 7).
|Caitlin, T. et al., "InterNote: Extending a Hypermedia Framework to Support Annotative Collaboration in Hypertext", '9 Proceedings, pp. 365-378, Nov. 1989.
|Campus News, MMR ○Summer 1990, Texaco Contributes to Group Decision Support Services Project, pp. 23.
|Cassoria, E., "Onscreen Possibilities . . . Today!" IPCC 86-Int'l. Professional Communication conference, pp. 11-15, 1986.
|Cavalier, T., et al., "A Visual Design for Collaborative Work: Columns for Commenting and Annotation", Int'l. Conf. On System Science, IEEE, pp. 729-738, 1991.
|Cavnoto, James, "A Look Forward: Desktop Publishing Moves to Networks", MacWeek, vol. 2, No. 43, pp. 59(1) Oct. 25, 1998.
|Chen, M., et al., "A Multimedia Desktop Collaboration System", GLOBECOM '92: IEEE Global Telecom. Conf., IEEE, pp. 739-746, 1992.
|Chen, M., et al., Designing a Distributed Collaborative Environment; GLOBECOM '92: IEEE Global Telecom., Conf., IEEE, pp. 213-219, 1992.
|Chung, G., et al., "Accommodating Latecomers in Shared Window Systems", Computer, IEEE, vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 72-74, Jan. 1993.
|Clark, W.J., "Multipoint Multimedia Conferencing", IEEE Communications, Magazine, vol. 30, No. 5, May 1992, pp. 44-50.
|Cohn, M., "Carbon Copy for Windows Smoothly Runs GUI Apps by Modem", vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 52(1), Mar. 31, 1992.
|Coleman, D., "Markup: Groupware Landmark, Multiple Readers can Edit Same Document", MacWeek, vol. 3, No. 44, pp. 64(2), 1989.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI) "Compare. Why Pay 50-100% More to Get All The Videoconferencing Features You Need?", pp. 70-71.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI) "Eclipse Videoconferencing System, Model 8100", pp. 62-65, (C) 1993.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI) "Eclipse Videoconferencing System, Model 8100", pp. 62-65, © 1993.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI), "Compressing Distances, Expanding Opportunities", pp. 77-78.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI), "Eclipse in Action", pp. 72-73.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI), "Rembrandt II-Radiance Videoconferencing System", pp. 74-75, (C) 1994.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI), "Rembrandt II-Radiance Videoconferencing System", pp. 74-75, © 1994.
|Compression Labs, Inc. (CLI), Letter entitled "Pacific Data Images Uses New Radiance Videoconferencing System to Increase Efficiency of Client Contact", pp. 76.
|Compression Labs, Inc., (CLI), Special Report, Aug. 20, 1993, pp. 66-69.
|Computer Dictionary, 2<nd >ed., Microsoft Press, pp. 357-358, 1994.
|Computer Dictionary, 2nd ed., Microsoft Press, pp. 357-358, 1994.
|Creative Classroom Corp., 1991, ENTENTE' Turnkey Electronic Classroom, "It's Hard To Get Lost In This Classroom".
|Ensor, J., et al., "The Rapport Multimedia Communication System (Demonstration)", CHI '92, ACM, pp. 581-582, May 1992.
|Fujitsu Networks Industry, Inc., Desk Top Conferencing for Windows, "Real Life. Real Time. Real Power", BR-001.
|Fujitsu Networks Industry, Inc., Product Description, Desk Top Conferencing, "Novell Local Area Networks", Feb. 1993.
|Girishankar, S., "Better Networking in New NT Beta", Communications Week, No. 444, pp. 101, 1993.
|Gold, E., "Unified Systems Integrate Voice, Data and Images", Networking Management, vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 28(5), Dec. 1990.
|Guan, S., et al., Operating System Features for Shared Workspace Cooperation:, SOUTHEASTCON 1991, IEEE, pp. 321-325, 1991.
|Haan, B., IRIS Hypermedia Services:, Communications of the ACM, vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 36(16), Jan. 1992.
|Hawryszkiewycz, I., "The Object Oriented Approach in CSCW", GMD; Gesellschaft Fur Mathematik Und Datenverbeitung MBH; Arbeitspapiere der GMD, Jan. 1991, pp. 498.
|Hoshi, T. et al., "Broadband ISDN Multimedia Workstations and Group Tele-Working Systems", Hitachi Review, vol. 40, 1991, No. 3, pp. 217-222.
|IBM Corporation 1991, Ultimedia Multimedia Solutions From IBM, Person to Person, "Personal Conferencing Communications That Work", pp. 10-91, Oct. 1991.
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Display of Multiple Video Windows for Personal Conferencing", vol. 36, No. 06A, Jun. 1993, pp. 45-46.
|Johansen, R., "Teams for Tomorrow", IEEE, Institute for the Future, 1991.
|Kelly, J., "We Can't Go On Meeting Like This!", Patricia Seybold's Office Computing Group., vol. 11, No. 9, Technology That Supports Meetings, Sep. 1988.
|Klein, M., "Subclassing Applications (Windows3)", Dr. Dobb's Journal, vol. 16, No. 12, Suppl., ISSN 0884-5395, 1991, pp. 19-27.
|Korte, W., Multimedia BK Technology for the Support of Distributed Group Work: Wideband Communication, pp. 872-878.
|Kummerow, T., "Möglichkeiten der Multimedia-kommunikation", Telenorma Nachrichten, No. 93/N, Jun. 24, 1993 and English translation 13pp.
|LaPlante, A., "Workgroup Idea Still Unclear to Users", Info World, vol. 11, Issue 5, Resolution Evolution; Management, Dec. 11, 1989.
|LaPlante, A., Info World, vol. 11, Issue 49, Case Tools, Workgroup Computing, IBM Study, "PCs Aid in Decision Process", pp. 1,8.
|Lemkin, P., "X-Conf: A Network-based image Conferencing System", Computers and Biomedical Research, Feb. 1993, USA, vol. 26, No. 1, ISSN 0010-4809, pp. 1-27 (abstract; fig. 1, paragraph 2, p. 10, line 1, p. 12, line 7.
|Lindquist, C., "X Terminal Users Get Remote Access to MAC Programs", Compactible, pp. 44, Jul. 22, 1991.
|Maeno, K. et al., "Distributed Desktop Conferencing System (MERMAID) Based on Group Communication Architecture", ICC 91. International Conference on Communications Conference Record (CAT. No. 91CH2984-3, Denver, Co., USA, Jun. 23-26 1991. vol. 1, ISBN 07803-0006-8, IEEE, 1991, New York, USA, pp. 520-525.
|Moskowitz, R., "The Electronic Meeting", Presentation Products Magazine, Sep. 1990, Product Update, pp. 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32.
|Moss, D., "Remote Possibilities", PC User, No. 157, pp 55(1), Jan. 1992.
|Newbridge Networks, "3500 Main Street", pp. 33-36, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3600 Main Street", pp. 37-41, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3604 Main Street", pp. 42-45, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3612 Main Street", pp. 46-49, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3624 Main Street", pp. 50-53, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "8230 Main Street", pp. 54-57, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "8231 Main Street", pp. 58-61, (C) 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "Inverse Multiplexing and So Much More", pp. 1-6, (C) 1992.
|Newbridge Networks, "Product Overview", pp. 7-32, (C) 1992.
|Newbridge Networks, "3500 Main Street", pp. 33-36, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3600 Main Street", pp. 37-41, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3604 Main Street", pp. 42-45, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3612 Main Street", pp. 46-49, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "3624 Main Street", pp. 50-53, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "8230 Main Street", pp. 54-57, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "8231 Main Street", pp. 58-61, © 1993.
|Newbridge Networks, "Inverse Multiplexing and So Much More", pp. 1-6, © 1992.
|Newbridge Networks, "Product Overview", pp. 7-32, © 1992.
|Northern Telecom, VISIT Video, "VISIT Video Product Highlights".
|Ohmori, T., et al., "Distributed Cooperative Control for Sharing Applications Based on Multiparty and Multimedia Desktop Conferencing System: MERMAID", Int'l. Conf. On Distributed Computing Systems, IEEE, pp. 538-546, 1992.
|Palme, J., "Distributed Computer Conferencing", Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Applications of Distributed Systems, (Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 14), 1987, pp. 137-145.
|Panko, R., Patterns of Organizational Communication, pp. 1-3, Tables: Use of Study Time, pp. 1-4.
|Patterson, J., "The Implications of Window Sharing for a Virtual Terminal Protocol", Int'l. Conf. On Communications, IEEE, pp. 66-70, 1990.
|PicturesTel Corporation, "PictureTel Live PCS 100 Personal Visual Communications Systems", pp. 89-90.
|PicturesTel Corporation, "PictureTel: A Chronology", pp. 105-109, Aug. 1993.
|PicturesTel Corporation, "System 1000 Affordable Dial-up Videoconferencing", pp. 99-104, (C) 1993.
|PicturesTel Corporation, "System 4000 High Performance Dial-up Video Conferencing", pp. 91-98, (C) 1993.
|PicturesTel Corporation, "System 1000 Affordable Dial-up Videoconferencing", pp. 99-104, © 1993.
|PicturesTel Corporation, "System 4000 High Performance Dial-up Video Conferencing", pp. 91-98, © 1993.
|Piturro, M., "Computer Conferencing: Brainstorming Across Time and Space", AMA, Management Review, Aug. 1989, pp. 43-50.
|Poor, A., "In-Synch Provides Practical. Low Cost Teleconferencing", PC Week, vol. 4, No. 38, PC 12(2), Sep. 22, 1987.
|Pountain, D., "The X Window System", Byte, vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 1989, St. Peterborough US, pp. 353-360, XP 000566012.
|Preliminary Information from ShareVision Technology, Inc., 1992, PPIN092 Rev. B.
|Richman, L., "Software Catches the Tem Spirit", Technology, Reprinted from FORTUNE, 1987, TIME Inc.
|Rodden, T., "A Survey of CSCW Systems", Interacting with Computers, vol. 3, No. 3, Department of Computer Science-Lancaster University, Jan. 1991, pp. 319-353.
|Sarin, Sunil, et al., "Computer-based Real-time Conferencing Systems", 1985, pp. 33-45, Oct. 1985.
|Schooler, E., et al., "Multimedia Conferencing: Has it come of age?", Int'l. Conf. On systems Science, IEEE, pp. 707-716, 1991.
|Share Vision Technology, Inc., 1992, Preliminary Information from Share-Vision Technology, "The Need to Bring People Together".
|ShareVision Technology, Inc., Feb. 1993, "Create A Meeting of the Minds".
|ShareVision, A subsidiary of Creative Technology, Ltd., "ShareView 300", pp. 110-111, © 1993.
|SMART Technologies Inc., "SMART 2000 Conferencing System for Multimedia Interactive Meetings", Nov. 1992.
|Smart Technologies, Inc., "Overview: Smart 2000 Conferencing System", pp. 114-118, Nov. 1992.
|Smart Technologies, Inc., "Q & A Questions and Answers, Smart 2000 Conferencing System", pp. 118-121.
|Smart Technologies, Inc., "Smart 2000 Conferencing System", pp. 114-117, © 1993.
|Smart Technologies, Inc., "Smart Solutions", pp. 124-127, © 1994.
|Smart Technologies, Inc., "Training with Smart 2000", pp. 122-123.
|Southworth, M., "How to have an Electronic Brainstorm", THINK, No. Jan. 1990, pp. 12-13.
|Stone, D., "Computing at a Distance", PC Magazine, vol. 6, No., 6, pp. 249(11), Mar. 31, 1987.
|Stone, D., "The Next Best Thing to Being There", PC Sources, vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 501(5), May 1992.
|Streeter, A., Videoconferencing On Any Wire, ES○F2F, The Window of Opportunity.
|Tanenbaum, A., Computer Networks, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1989, pp. 97-98 and 104.
|Telegraphics Design Document Draft, May 22, 1992, PP. 1-16.
|The New York Times, Sun. Mar. 24, 1991, "Brainstorming by Modem".
|The University of Arizona, Dept. of Management Information Systems; Bibliography-Group Decision Support Systems.
|The University of Arizona, Dept. of Management Information Systems; Bibliography—Group Decision Support Systems.
|Toyosawa et al., "A Window Automanagement Scheme for a Multimedia-Multipoint Teleconference", IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 2/3, May 26, 1993, Geneva Switzerland.
|Van Name, "Software for the Road Allows Access to a LAN From a Remote Portable PC", PC Week, vol. 4, No. 17, PCSS(1), Apr. 1987.
|Watabe, K. et al., "Multimedia Desktop Conferencing System: MERMAID", vol. 32, No. 1, NEC Research Development, Jan. 1991, pp. 158-167.
|Watabe, K., et al., A Distributed Multiparty Desktop Conferencing System and its Architecture Int'l. Conf. On Computers and Communications, IEEE, pp. 386-393, 1990.
|Watabe, K., et al., Distributed Desktop Conferencing System with Multiuser Multimedia Interface:, J. on Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 531-539, May 1991.
|Wynne, B., "Groupware and Your Future", AMA-American Management Assoc., Information Management Forum, Nov. 1989.
|Wynne, B., Group Support Systems and Electronic Collaboration:, AMA-American Management Assoc., Information Management FORUM, May 1991.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 17, 2001
|Oct 17, 2006
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Communication device, communication method, computer program, and storing medium for an address book
|Apr 12, 2001
|Nov 6, 2007
|Unisys Corporation
|Method and apparatus for operating a data processing system using multiple console views
|Jul 22, 2004
|Jan 15, 2008
|Involv International Corporation
|Web-based groupware system
|Jan 26, 2005
|Apr 21, 2009
|Brokercom Inc.
|Web-based groupware system
|Feb 26, 2008
|Jun 8, 2010
|Brokercom Inc.
|Web-based groupware system
|Mar 30, 2007
|Jul 27, 2010
|Uranus International Limited
|Method, apparatus, system, medium and signals for supporting a multiple-party communication on a plurality of computer servers
|Jul 27, 2010
|Uranus International Limited
|Method, apparatus, system, medium, and signals for publishing content created during a communication
|Nov 16, 2010
|Polyvision Corporation
|Virtual flip chart method and apparatus
|Mar 15, 2011
|Paul Nykamp
|Methods for interactive and synchronous displaying session
|May 24, 2011
|Polyvision Corporation
|Portable presentation system and methods for use therewith
|May 24, 2011
|Uranus International Limited
|Method, apparatus, system, medium, and signals for intercepting a multiple-party communication
|Jun 14, 2011
|Red Hat, Inc.
|Borrow and give back of windows
|Mar 20, 2006
|Sep 20, 2011
|Vela Systems, Inc.
|System and method for field management using radio frequency tags
|Mar 30, 2007
|Nov 15, 2011
|Uranus International Limited
|Method, apparatus, system, and medium for supporting multiple-party communications
|Feb 16, 2010
|Nov 29, 2011
|Paul Nykamp
|Methods for interactive and synchronous display session
|Apr 27, 2010
|May 8, 2012
|Open Text S.A.
|Web-based groupware system
|Nov 13, 2012
|Reliable Tack Acquisitions Llc
|Method and apparatus for interactive and synchronous display session
|Apr 2, 2013
|Steelcase Inc.
|Multi-use conferencing space, table arrangement and display configuration
|Apr 6, 2012
|Apr 2, 2013
|Open Text S.A.
|Web-based groupware system
|Apr 14, 2011
|Dec 17, 2013
|Steelcase Inc.
|Portable presentation system and methods for use therewith
|Mar 30, 2007
|Jan 7, 2014
|Uranus International Limited
|Method, apparatus, system, medium, and signals for supporting pointer display in a multiple-party communication
|Mar 30, 2007
|Apr 22, 2014
|Uranus International Limited
|Method, apparatus, system, medium, and signals for supporting game piece movement in a multiple-party communication
|Sep 10, 2012
|Jul 1, 2014
|Google Inc.
|Systems and methods for incremental loading of collaboratively generated presentations
|May 6, 2011
|Aug 12, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|System for collaboration of a specific image and utilizing selected annotations while viewing and relative to providing a display presentation
|May 6, 2011
|Sep 2, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|System and methodology for collaboration, with selective display of user input annotations among member computing appliances of a group/team
|May 6, 2011
|Oct 28, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|Systems and methodologies providing for collaboration among a plurality of users at a plurality of computing appliances
|May 29, 2009
|Nov 25, 2014
|Steelcase Inc.
|Personal control apparatus and method for sharing information in a collaborative workspace
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 16, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|Systems and methodologies providing collaboration and display among a plurality of users
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 23, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|Systems and methodologies providing for collaboration by respective users of a plurality of computing appliances working concurrently on a common project having an associated display
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 23, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|System and methodology for collaboration in groups with split screen displays
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 23, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|Systems and methodologies comprising a plurality of computing appliances having input apparatus and display apparatus and logically structured as a main team
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 23, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|Systems and methodologies providing controlled voice and data communication among a plurality of computing appliances associated as team members of at least one respective team or of a plurality of teams and sub-teams within the teams
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 30, 2014
|David H. Sitrick
|Systems and methodologies supporting collaboration of users as members of a team, among a plurality of computing appliances
|Nov 23, 2009
|Dec 30, 2014
|Foresight Imaging LLC
|System and method for collaboratively communicating on images and saving those communications and images in a standard known format
|May 6, 2011
|Mar 24, 2015
|David H. Sitrick
|System and methodology for collaboration utilizing combined display with evolving common shared underlying image
|Aug 16, 2013
|Aug 25, 2015
|Steelcase Inc.
|Portable presentation system and methods for use therewith
|May 6, 2011
|Dec 29, 2015
|David H. Sitrick
|System and methodology for multiple users concurrently working and viewing on a common project
|Jun 2, 2014
|Feb 9, 2016
|Steelcase Inc.
|Control apparatus and method for sharing information in a collaborative workspace
|Jan 13, 2012
|Mar 8, 2016
|Google Inc.
|Collaborative cursors in a hosted word processor
|Nov 9, 2012
|Mar 22, 2016
|Calgary Scientific Inc.
|Session transfer and suspension in a remote access application framework
|Jan 15, 2013
|Apr 12, 2016
|Google Inc.
|Resolving mutations in a partially-loaded spreadsheet model
|May 6, 2011
|May 3, 2016
|David H. Sitrick
|System and method for collaboration via team and role designation and control and management of annotations
|Aug 22, 2012
|May 10, 2016
|Google Inc.
|System and method for performing data management in a collaborative development environment
|Jun 2, 2014
|May 17, 2016
|Steelcase Inc.
|Control apparatus and method for sharing information in a collaborative workspace
|Oct 22, 2013
|May 24, 2016
|Google Inc.
|Systems and methods for providing just-in-time preview of suggestion resolutions
|Dec 17, 2014
|Aug 23, 2016
|Steelcase Inc.
|Personal control apparatus and method for sharing information in a collaborative workspace
|Aug 16, 2013
|Aug 30, 2016
|Steelcase Inc.
|Portable presentation system and methods for use therewith
|Jan 13, 2015
|Sep 13, 2016
|Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc
|Modifying video call data
|Apr 17, 2001
|Nov 1, 2001
|Satoshi Kuroyanagi
|Communication device, communication method, computer program, and storing medium
|Apr 30, 2001
|May 2, 2002
|Nuttall Gordon R.
|Image capture device with handwritten annotation
|Dec 12, 2001
|Jun 27, 2002
|Vesa Rantanen
|Method for transmitting information
|Apr 12, 2001
|Oct 24, 2002
|Wilson Kristine J.
|Method and apparatus for operating a data processing system using multiple console views
|Jul 22, 2004
|Jan 13, 2005
|Cannata Michael J.
|Web-based groupware system
|Jan 26, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Cannata Michael J.
|Web-based groupware system
|Apr 1, 2004
|Oct 6, 2005
|Dunn Michael H
|Virtual flip chart method and apparatus
|Apr 1, 2005
|Oct 20, 2005
|Dunn Michael H
|Virtual flip chart method and apparatus
|Dec 6, 2004
|Jun 8, 2006
|Baloga Mark A
|Multi-use conferencing space, table arrangement and display configuration
|Mar 20, 2006
|Nov 9, 2006
|Omansky Adam H
|System and method for field management using radio frequency tags
|Jun 2, 2006
|Feb 22, 2007
|Dunn Michael H
|Virtual flip chart method and apparatus
|Oct 24, 2006
|May 10, 2007
|Hutchinson Ian G
|Portable presentation system and methods for use therewith
|Nov 14, 2005
|May 17, 2007
|Red Hat, Inc.
|Borrow and give back of windows
|Feb 26, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Cannata Michael J
|Web-based groupware system
|Nov 20, 2007
|Mar 25, 2010
|Omansky Adam H
|Method and system for inspectng and managing information
|Mar 25, 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Presentation Facilitation
|Nov 9, 2009
|Jul 15, 2010
|FMR Corp., a Delaware corporation
|Providing One Party with Access to an Account of Another Party
|Jun 15, 2010
|Dec 16, 2010
|Marc Trachtenberg
|Digital easel collaboration system and method
|May 26, 2011
|Foresight Imaging LLC
|System and method for collaboratively communicating on images and saving those communications and images in a standard known format
|Oct 13, 2011
|Google Inc.
|Real-Time Collaboration in a Hosted Word Processor
|Oct 13, 2011
|Google Inc.
|Collaborative Cursors in a Hosted Word Processor
|Feb 2, 2012
|Google Inc.
|Real-Time Collaboration in a Hosted Word Processor
|May 3, 2012
|Google Inc.
|Collaborative Cursors in a Hosted Word Processor
|May 6, 2011
|Nov 8, 2012
|David H. Sitrick
|System And Methodology For Multiple Users Concurrently Working And Viewing On A Common Project
|Feb 21, 2013
|Dec 5, 2013
|Robert L. McIntosh
|Touchscreen entry of construction punch list items directly on a plan
|Apr 12, 2011
|Feb 13, 2013
|Collaborative cursors in a hosted word processor
|U.S. Classification
|709/204, 709/217, 709/205
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 9, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 6, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 15, 2014
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:NCR CORPORATION;NCR INTERNATIONAL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:032034/0010
Effective date: 20140106
|Jul 17, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Dec 9, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 26, 2016
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20151209


text:
Goo Goo Dolls & Daughtry With the Plain White T's
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for Goo Goo Dolls & Daughtry was Tuesday August 12, 2014 / 6:45pm.
Most Popular Music Event Nearby
Great Intimate Concerts at City Winery NY
- Full Price:
- $16 - $85
- Our Price:
From folk acts and jazz quartets to legendary singer-songwriters and buzz-worthy indie rock bands… More
Venue Details
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from Iris
view more less of this review
AWESOME performance! Love them!
star this review starred report as inappropriate
With a line up touted as Goo Goo Dolls & Daughtry, logic would be that Daughtry is the main act We got there a little late and Daughtry was already playing. Daughtry OPENED for the Goo Goo Dolls. WE missed the beginning of Daughtry's part of...continued
star this review starred report as inappropriate
The show was great! All bands were really good the sound and the performance were all great. The parking has much to be desired for. It was pouring rain and no shuttle buses from where they made us park. If they are going to make you park on the...continued
star this review starred report as inappropriate
Daughtry was the best. Left after he played since it was pouring rain. We were unable to see the stage. We had rude people who arrived after us park right in front of us-would not have been a problem if they sat down, which we requested of them....continued


text:
- Table View
- List View
Here and Now Story Bookby Hendrik Van Loon Christine Price Lucy Sprague Mitchell
Small children live in the moment, and the "here and now" nature of these stories encourages kids to learn from their own thoughts and observations. Written by a famous educator, the illustrated tales range from those suitable for reading aloud to 2- and 3-year-olds to those perfect for third graders to read for themselves.The founder of New York's Bank Street College of Education, Lucy Sprague Mitchell was a dedicated teacher and distinguished theorist on progressive schooling. Published in 1921, her Here and Now Story Book was among the first children's books to focus on the routines of everyday life rather than fairy tales. "One of my chief reasons for publishing this book," she noted, "was the hope of interesting teachers and parents in listening to the language of small children with ears that heard its freshness and beauty." Written to reinforce developing levels of cognition and socialization, these timeless tales are widely praised for their vibrant use of language.
R. V. R.: The Life and Times of Rembrandt van Rijnby Hendrik Van Loon
This historical novel focuses on the final years of the 17th-century Dutch painter, Rembrandt van Rijn, as told by his friend and physician, Jan van Loon. Rich with detail about the life and culture of Amsterdam, the story weaves among the lives of van Loon and Rembrandt and their many friends and acquaintances. The narrative is enriched by the narrator's wry commentary on social pretensions, religious hypocrisy, human frailty, and human passion. Dr. van Loon is determined to find a way to anesthetize patients during surgery, and for Rembrandt, to paint is to live.
The Story of Mankindby Hendrik Van Loon
WHEN I was twelve or thirteen years old, an uncle of mine who gave me my love for books and pictures promised to take me upon a memorable expedition. I was to go with him to the top of the tower of Old Saint Lawrence in Rotterdam. And so, one fine day, a sexton with a key as large as that of Saint Peter opened a mysterious door. "Ring the bell," he said, "when you come back and want to get out," and with a great grinding of rusty old hinges he separated us from the noise of the busy street and locked us into a world of new and strange experiences. For the first time in my life I was confronted by the phenomenon of audible silence. When we had climbed the first flight of stairs, I added another discovery to my limited knowledge of natural phenomena--that of tangible darkness. A match showed us where the upward road continued. We went to the next floor and then to the next and the next until I had lost count and then there came still another floor, and suddenly we had plenty of light. This floor was on an even height with the roof of the church, and it was used as a storeroom. Covered with many inches of dust, there lay the abandoned symbols of a venerable faith which had been discarded by the good people of the city many years ago. That which had meant life and death to our ancestors was here reduced to junk and rubbish. The industrious rat had built his nest among the carved images and the ever watchful spider had opened up shop between the outspread arms of a kindly saint. Then darkness once more and other ladders, steeper and even more dangerous than those we had climbed before, and suddenly the fresh air of the wide heavens. We had reached the highest gallery. Above us the sky. Below us the city--a little toy-town, where busy ants were hastily crawling hither and thither, each one intent upon his or her particular business, and beyond the jumble of stones, the wide greenness of the open country. History is the mighty Tower of Experience, which Time has built amidst the endless fields of bygone ages. It is no easy task to reach the top of this ancient structure and get the benefit of the full view. There is no elevator, but young feet are strong and it can be done. Here I give you the key that will open the door. When you return, you too will understand the reason for my enthusiasm. HENDRIK WILLEM VAN LOON.<P><P> Newbery Medal Winner (the first one!)
Select your format based upon: 1) how you want to read your book, and 2) compatibility with your reading tool. To learn more about using Bookshare with your device, visit the Help Center.
Here is an overview of the specialized formats that Bookshare offers its members with links that go to the Help Center for more information.
- Bookshare Web Reader - a customized reading tool for Bookshare members offering all the features of DAISY with a single click of the "Read Now" link.
- DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) - a digital book file format. DAISY books from Bookshare are DAISY 3.0 text files that work with just about every type of access technology that reads text. Books that contain images will have the download option of 'DAISY Text with Images'.
- BRF (Braille Refreshable Format) - digital Braille for use with refreshable Braille devices and Braille embossers.
- MP3 (Mpeg audio layer 3) - Provides audio only with no text. These books are created with a text-to-speech engine and spoken by Kendra, a high quality synthetic voice from Ivona. Any device that supports MP3 playback is compatible.
- DAISY Audio - Similar to the Daisy 3.0 option above; however, this option uses MP3 files created with our text-to-speech engine that utilizes Ivonas Kendra voice. This format will work with Daisy Audio compatible players such as Victor Reader Stream and Read2Go.


text:
Top 5 Most Popular Investment Plans
Income Investments
Investment ISAs
Share Dealing Accounts
Experienced Investors
Fund Supermarket
ISA Transfer Service
Bearish about the FTSE 100?
Bullish about the FTSE 100?
Fixed income plan that pays 5.16% pa (paid monthly)
Best Savings Accounts
Cash ISAs
Cash ISA Transfers
Fixed Rate Bond Alternatives
5.28% p.a. fixed income - Enhanced Income
Top 10 Tips for 2016 ISA season
Car Insurance Quotes - Up to 30% Off
Motorbike insurance - Cover from £75
Temp Car Insurance - Cover 1-28 Days
Van Insurance - Compare over 80 Insurers
Young Driver Car Insurance - Age 17-25
Home Insurance Quotes - Up to 45% Off
Landlord Insurance - Save up to 35%
Holiday Home Insurance - UK & Overseas
Flood Risk Insurance - Immediate Cover
Tenants Contents Insurance
Life Insurance Quotes - From £5 per month
Over 50s Life Insurance - £40 M&S Voucher
12 and 6 Month Income Protection Quotes
Pet insurance - 20% Online Discount
Travel insurance - No age limits
Mortgage Quotes and Advice Service
Remortgage Quotes and Advice Service
Buy to Let Mortgage Advice Service
Buy To Let Mortgages From 1.93% APR
Latest Tracker Rates From 1.34% APR
Interest Only Mortgages From 1.64%
Home Improvement Loans From £20,000
Annuity Rates
Compare SIPPs
Annuity Services
Is an ISA or pension a better savings option for me
Last updated: 12/09/2016 As the Olympic Games continue to keep us gripped with excitement, it's not just the GB Team that's sizzling this summer. The news that the Bank of Read More
Last updated: 16/08/2016 Although we use our current account more than any other, it is often the one that we review the least in terms of comparing it with the Read More
The appeal of a fixed return from our capital is obvious, which is why the fixed rate bond has been such a popular choice over the years with both savers Read More
With just one week to go until the deadline for using your 2015/16 ISA allowance of £15,240, this really is your last opportunity to make use of this valuable tax Read More
RCI Bank is a relative newcomer to the UK, but is currently offering some of the best deals out there. We take a closer look at their story as well Read More
Despite the FTSE 100 recently finishing at its highest level since the turn of the century, it still remains a difficult time for investors when deciding what might happen next – will it be cl...
Read more
By combining a high fixed income with conditional capital protection, the Enhanced Income Plan from Investec Bank has been our most popular income investment. With the need for income being at the f...
Read more
With the balance of risk v reward being a primary factor when making investment decisions, it is also the case that there are a number of ways of mitigating investment risk. We take a look at one pa...
Read more
Compare Savings Deals
Cahoot interest rates depend on the type of Cahoot account you go for. Cahoot are an online bank and have two main accounts – savings and current.
The Cahoot Current Account features:
Features of the Cahoot Savings Account include:
It is possible to apply online for both the Cahoot Savings Account and Current Account. Comparison tables for a number of leading bank accounts are available on this website.
* Income payments and returns are dependent upon the FTSE 100 Index.
per annum
Fair Investment Company
is rated 4.45 stars by Reviews.co.uk based on 103 merchant reviews
© Copyright 2016 26/09/2016 / 11:33
Fair Investment Company Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.


text:
Last Activity: December 22nd, 2013 11:28 AM
About Me
- About chiappettaj
- Biography
- Big pokemon game fan. Trying to create one but need help. Any good partner would be great
- Interests
- playing hacks and coming up with a story for a new game
- Gender
- Male ♂
- Favorite Pokémon
- Mewtwo
Any dragon pokemon


text:
Shared publicly -
Tori Edacommented on a video on YouTube.
To beat sheol in nova mode all you have to do is take the star to left first and then wait 2 minutes and build up. Do not move your units or they will attack. When you have built up enough attack the large star nearest the star you took and capture it. Once you get that big star, build up again and take the small star next to it (the third star). After that it's a piece of cake.


text:
1. How does the AMIL purchase work. It looks like UNH owns 90% of the company now but will the company still function under it's own name or will the earnings be accretive to UNH in the upcoming year?
2. It looks like AMIL purchased a portugese hospital company. I know nothing about the hospital business but clearly UNH seems to be interested in getting into it to diversify their portfolio since AMIL also owns a bunch of hospitals in Brazil. What kind of profit margins do these generally run at?