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7mm Mag Too Much for Boar?
Shooting Activities and Venues
> 7mm Mag Too Much for Boar?
August 28, 2010, 01:25 PM
I'm going on a Russian Boar hunt this week. Anyone think 7mm Mag is overkill? I plan on taking a 30-30 as well??
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August 28, 2010, 01:47 PM
Sounds OK to me. If you shoot it well, take it.
Ike R
August 28, 2010, 01:50 PM
Nope, not too much on the Magnum or the 30-30. Nice thing about the mag is the penetration you can get out of it, this will allow for quartering toward shot though the shield on thier front, which I would never take with my 5.56 shooting 68 grain Horndaddys. The mag also makes a heart shot effective too as the heart on a hog is in the lower chest behind the front legs at the bottom of the frame. To reach it your round would potentially have to smash the upper leg bone while conserving enough mass and velocity to continue penetrateing in more or less a straight line. I think the 7mm Mag can do it because I know a 7mm-08 can do it. I would still rather take the quartering away shot if I could and not have to worry bout bullet deflection from the leg. Thats assuming you want the skull as a trophy, if you dont, shooting behind the ear is a guaranteed DRT shot with either caliber you are bringing.
There is never such a thing as overkill while hunting hogs IMHO, if I could cost effectively hunt hogs with a 50 BMG I would.
August 28, 2010, 01:53 PM
Is _______ enough for __________ ?
Insert weekly thread here.
August 28, 2010, 02:11 PM
How much is too much? I've seen hogs killed by .357s, seen 'em killed by .338s. Use it. There's really no such thing as overkill.
August 28, 2010, 04:30 PM
I killed two boars last year with one.(160gr partitions)
It seemed to work every bit as well as the .243 (95 gr partitions) my brother used to kill two with the day before.
All four were the same degree of dead, and all four had very little meat damage.
No such thing as "overkill".
August 28, 2010, 04:53 PM
When you are facing an angry boar headon, there is no such thing as too much gun.
August 28, 2010, 07:15 PM
It is not too much, trust me. And if your are going to a driven hunt, know that it can be short (most likely the boars will end up dying next to some other guy 100 meters to your right or left, especially if not proper shot). In driven hunts most European hunters will recommend 9mm bullets.
But if you are pursuing boars and shooting at a stopped target from long distances in clean areas (without heavy bushes), a 7mm mag will do the job.
August 28, 2010, 07:37 PM
No such thing as "overkill".
Yes there is. Just not when it comes to boars!
August 28, 2010, 07:40 PM
Not too much gun (cartridge).....but one caveat:
Select a heavily constructed bullet. Only because....close-up (<50 yds.) a lesser bullet might fragment rather than penetrate at such high velocity.
Otherwise, I'd say you're good to go.
August 28, 2010, 07:47 PM
Here you have a sat picture of a driven hunt occurred in 2008. Targets were wild European boars (what you call Russian pigs). Hunters where placed in the spots marked with numbers from 1 to 69, in a circle (some were dropped in the middle). Those spots are called doors.
On the right you have several doors for rifles (all the other doors may have 12 gauge shotgun firing only bullets).
Distance from one hunter to another is between 50 to 100 meters. The dogs (more than 50) are deployed in the middle and the boars rush to the edges of the circle, towards the hunters.
This driven hunt was for members only, for fun, and all the boars caught were eaten in next social events. But in many driven hunts around the country and in Europe you can bring the meat that you kill home, so not only you dont want to miss a boar: YOU DONT WANT IT TO DIE 100 METERS TO YOUR LEFT OR RIGHT. If you wound him, if he does not drops in its tracks, most likely other guys will be able to take a shot at it. And you dont want that.
There is a lot of adrenaline in boars at driven hunts, they are always running and sometimes big ones appear out of nothing. That is why many people here in Europe use 9mm bullets. No one sober will go to a driven hunt with less than a 30.06 spring.
Here we cannot use automatic rifles, only semi-auto (with 3 bullets only) or bolt action.
August 28, 2010, 08:07 PM
Ah, and although the sat picture shows some brown areas, this is what youll get when you get out of the van and go to your door. Trees and bushes!
A rabbit could easily take a crap on you boots and you dont even see the guy who did it http://i36.tinypic.com/ehfciv.gif
Boars are bad news if you dont hit them right.
August 28, 2010, 08:22 PM
Because hunters have to be deployed very fast (so the boars dont leave the area), vans drop them along dirt roads like this. So in your door you have bushes in front and bushes behind you, lololol
Somewhere down that road will be another guy with a gun, waiting to shoot your wounded boar, eheheh
August 28, 2010, 08:29 PM
my favorite magnum round for wild hogs here in Florida is the .22 magnum...no joke put it right behind his ear...DRT
August 28, 2010, 08:53 PM
Meet the dogs:
(picture taken before a driven hunt in December 2006)
No wonder they hate the boars lololol
August 28, 2010, 09:38 PM
Join Date: November 19, 2008
Posts: 615 Is _______ enough for __________ ?
Insert weekly thread here.
Insert your head _______.... Think of a nice place:)
Thanks for the great post..... That was not my question. I don't want to ruin lots of meat. 7mm Mag blows through whitetail, and can be very destructive. I asked if it was overkill. I am going to start reloading for 7mm Mag because the "cheap" $25/ box of 20 rounds stuff ruins deer meat. To my discredit I should have left some more details in my original post. I know that my 7mm Mag is overkill on deer, and I plan on finding the right bullet, or dropping bullet weight drastically.
Anyways, I have never hunted boar, just looking for some advice.
Likely my problem stems from ammo selection. I have this problem during muzzle loader season as well. Powebelts EXPLODE in whitetail. I have heard Barnes bullets hold together very well.
Ike R
August 29, 2010, 12:01 AM
You want meat? Bring what you want and go for the ear shot.
August 29, 2010, 09:08 AM
rhoggman If you have to walk a long ways will the 7mm be a problem??? IF no try to shoot barnes x type bullets. They will break bone if needed and do a great job. If lots of walk;n that 30/30 might be easier to haul around. Shoot the heavest and toughest bullet you can get. Harcaste or a bonded type. It will get it done . Faster follow up shots to.
pikid89,, you forgot to tell us if the 22 was used in the trap or with the dogs. Big boys also use just a knive, don't mean its smart all the time. Hard to chase them down to sometimes to stick'um. Where you at in swfl. I grew up in Naples
August 30, 2010, 04:35 PM
Is it over-kill? On a hog? No such as over-kill exists when it comes to killing hogs. I've killed many hogs with many different calibers.. I've also shot several running hogs with a 7Mag and hit some of them in the guts.. You hear when the bullet hits, you see the hog roll over, then you watch him get right back up and continue running.. So, with a poorly placed shot even a 7mag is NOT ENOUGH GUN..
On the other hand, I killed my biggest hog with the other "7"... A 17HMR!!!
I shot her right behind the ear at about 80 yards and she dropped right there.
August 30, 2010, 06:04 PM
"I'm going on a Russian Boar hunt this week. Anyone think 7mm Mag is overkill? I plan on taking a 30-30 as well?? "
It kind of depends on how big they are.
If they are under 200# a 7mm Mag might be a little overkill.
If they are much over 200# a 7mm Mag isn't overkill.
A few years ago my son stalked a large boar that was bedded down. He shot it with his bow at about 20 yards. The arrow hit the boar behind shoulder. He got up shook and the arrow fail out. While was happening we stoodup, my son dropped his bow, and I handed him the .444 Guide Gun.
The boar charged us. Have you ever tried to work a lever rifle while running backwards? We shoot 5 times and the last shot was in his ear.
When we got this big boar back to the barn and weighed him, the scale bottomed out at 550# with his head still on the ground.
August 30, 2010, 11:16 PM
Overkill?... Not at all, use it. Shoot 'em in the head if you're worried about ruining meat. The 7mm Remington Mag. was my only bolt action rifle for many years, and has accounted for the majority of the 200+ hogs of various sizes I've killed over the last 25+ years or so. A great round in my humble opinion.
September 1, 2010, 04:52 PM
It's more than I'm willing to take with me when I go. My old man and I go every March and we've only ever used muzzleloaders. We carry a pistol if necessary, but every hog me and the old man have shot with the MLs hasn't went more than a couple steps before toppling over.
My line of reasoning, why shoot a bigger caliber when a smaller one will do the same job? Don't get me wrong, the 7 Mag is a fine caliber and it will easily do the job. If you're going to be sniping hogs at 200+ yards, then the 7 Mag easily over the 30-30. But if you're shooting under 100 yards, my vote would be the 30-30. I'm more comfortable using a lever for quick follow up shots than a bolt. Seen another guy in our group take a 250# hog with a single shot from an East German Makarov too. Wouldn't have believed it if I hadn't actually been there.
September 1, 2010, 05:31 PM
@hardluk1 im in the fort myers area ....no traps or dogs...just stalk and shoot from about 25 yards
hogs arnt all THAT tough you dont really NEED bonded or hardcast bullets or premium ammo.
cheapo federal or winchester or my favorite the core lokts are more than enough for even really big hogs. i killed a 300lb hog at 280 yards with one shot from a 270 with the cheapest ammo i could find...through and through broke both shoulders and was last seen high tailin it out into the pasture leaving behind the deadest hog in the area
September 2, 2010, 09:25 PM
Like a few mentioned, there is very few weapons I would call "too much gun" for a hog, but one question I have not seen asked is, are you hunting for pure bred russians or feral hogs? The reason I ask is, pure russian are not that huge (average boar is around 170 pounds) versus the feral hogs which can get pretty hefty to say the least. I've killed many hogs with a 30/30 and have never felt under gunned out to 100 yards. Killed several with a .44mag and quite a few with a .500 S&W as well. Main point here is pick the weapon you feel most comfortable with as far as accuracy as well as speed for follow up shots. I'll tell you this, and not to scare you, but one of the most deadly animals on the North American continent is a pissed off pig! So choose the one that you are the best with and good luck!
September 6, 2010, 01:06 PM
The key to any successful hunt is being very familiar with the rifle and placing the shots accurately. Zero at the range you are most likely to take a shot with the ammunition you plan to use...100 yds if you don't know. Then, without changing the sights, take careful shots at 50-yd intervals both closer and farther, and record the rise and fall of the bullet at each range...tape the info to your gunstock until you can memorize it. You likely won't have time to adjust sights in the field...and that's really not needed. Get enough practice that raising the rifle and shooting comes naturally...having to think about what you are doing is a handicap on the hunt.
I recommend you list the specific load you plan to use, and ask hunters on this board what their experience has been with that specific load...where the bullet hit, how far it traveled, how much meat it destroyed...and their suggestions what shots won't work well!;)
At one time my favorite hunting rifle was a .30-06...now it's a lighter and handier 6.5x55-mm Swedish Mauser, with which all of my shots have been one shot kills. With the proper load chosen to the game, I have had one shot kills on two boars over 350-lb and black bear over 400-lb...and lots of deer.:)
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Come visit me, Merlin
I am so envious. I have never caught anything, I think I would run away. Your mama and daddy must be so proud.
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Today may sound like a rerun of yesterday, but it is not. Today's movie is another version of the story of Bobby. "The Adventures of Greyfriars Bobby" stars James Cosmo, Oliver Golding, Gina McKee, Sean Pertwee, Greg Wise and Christopher Lee.
Once again, liberties are taken, but the story is still worth viewing. This little dog is clearly destined to live forever in the hearts of the people of Edinburgh and , for that matter, all over the world. You can find a copy of the book with the actual true factual account of Greyfriars Bobby online. My Mommy owns it as well as both movie versions. I highly recommend you check it out. I think you will like it.
Don't forget to vote for our friends with Birthdays/Anniversaries and the DOTD each and every day this month! I love you all and look forward to making even more friends this month!
PuppyDog Kisses and Tail Wags,
Cairn Cuddles,
Maya...Campaign Mgr and Sister!
Come visit me, ~ Angel Anakin ~, ~ Chewie loves Khia ~, ~ Jackson ~, ~ Maya Loves Toby ~
So sorry it has been DAYS, but you know the drill. Mom has this crazy full time job. She was a dental assistant for 30 years then about 12 years ago she deciced to try something different, she said 30 years of anything was long enough. So long story short. she got a job close to home, it is only about 15 minutes. She works at a turkey processing plant. It is actually one of the largest turkey processing plants in North America, they are owned by Maple Leaf Foods(that is the Mcain empire) She likes her job, but they are very busy right now, lots of overtime. I still get to go to class every Friday night,'cause Mom booked it for 7PM instead of 4:30. Mom says it is the most fun you can have for $10. We do pay as you go, because we are in agility training, we just work on stuff every week, sometimes we only have one or two other dogs, sometimes lots. It sort of depends on how advancted you are. But for us it is all about fun, so we don't get excited if I make a mistake. Anyway, Mom is taking it easy today, rain anyway so she can't ride that horse. Maybe we will play if it stops raining, so talk soon, Zack and Donna Lee Left a vote for Lilypup
Come visit me, Zack
Day 2 of my DOTM run! You guys are the best. Friends are the most important thing in the world to me after family! I want you to know I appreciate each and every one of you.
Now, For the topic I promised you.....
~~ The BEST Dog Movies You May Not Be Watching ~~
Today's movie is another Disney Production. Walt Disney's version of Greyfriar's Bobby is based on Eleanor Atkinson's immortal children's book. As with many stories based on true stories, Disney takes many liberties with facts, but the story of a man and his devoted dog that have a bond that can't be broken even in death are true and factual. A movie for dog lovers of all ages. It stars Donald Crisp, Lawrence Naismith, Alex Mackenzie and Kay Walsh.
Don't forget to vote for our friends with Birthdays/Anniversaries and the DOTD each and every day this month! I love you all and look forward to making even more friends this month!
PuppyDog Kisses and Tail Wags,
Cairn Cuddles,
Maya...Campaign Mgr and Sister!
Wow...you have to be pretty quick and good at calculating to catch one of them. Have a wonderful day!!! Tequila
Come visit me, Avalanche, Juneau RIP July 2, 2014, Ma'ingan, Tequila
We would like to thank all our fur friends and their paw parents for supporting us all this month during our DOTM run. Weather you stopped by everyday or just once we appreciate all the votes. Without you and your votes this DOTM win wouldn't have been possible. We thank you from the bottom of our hearts. We have met so many new friends and hope we can continue to be friends. Thank you again, Hugs. Donna & Donna's Dawgs.
Come visit me, ., .., ..., ...., ....., ///, /////, Tennessee Pride
Okay, Here Goes! My first day of my DOTM run! First, thanks to everyone for your friendship and for any and all votes during this run. I appreciate each and every one of you.
Now, For the topic I promised you.....
~~ The BEST Dog Movies You May Not Be Watching ~~
The first of my recommended movies is Walt Disney's Iron Will. It's based on an incredible true-life story and stars Mackenzie Astin as a young man thrust into adulthood when he races his team of sled dogs in a grueling and treacherous cross-country marathon, hoping to win the $10,000 grand prize that can save his family from financial ruin. It's Entertaining, Inspirational and Captivating. This is a movie you won't want to miss! It also stars Kevin Spacey, David Ogden Spears (MASH) and Brian Cox. Check it out, you will be glad you did!
Don't forget to vote for our friends with Birthdays/Anniversaries and the DOTD each and every day this month! I love you all and look forward to making even more friends this month!
PuppyDog Kisses and Tail Wags,
Cairn Cuddles,
Maya...Campaign Mgr and Sister!
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Most common uses for computers at work
September 02, 2005
The most commonly reported task for the 77 million workers who used a computer at work in October 2003 was accessing the Internet or using e-mail.
Three-quarters of workers who used a computer on the job said they used a computer to connect to the Internet or use e-mail. About two-thirds reported they used a computer for word processing or desktop publishing. Other common uses included spreadsheets or databases and calendar or scheduling. To a lesser extent, computers were used for graphics or design and programming.
This information is from a special supplement to the October 2003 Current Population Survey. Find more information in "Computer and Internet Use at Work in 2003" news release USDL 05-1457.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Most common uses for computers at work on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2005/aug/wk5/art05.htm (visited September 29, 2016).
Recent editions of Spotlight on Statistics
A look at healthcare spending, employment, pay, benefits, and prices
As one of the largest U.S. industries, healthcare is steadily growing to meet the needs of an increasing population with an increasing life expectancy. This Spotlight looks at how much people spend on healthcare, current and projected employment in the industry, employer-provided healthcare benefits, healthcare prices, and pay for workers in healthcare occupations.
Employment and Wages in Healthcare Occupations
Healthcare occupations are a significant percentage of U.S. employment. Some of the largest and highest paying occupations are in healthcare. This Spotlight examines employment and wages for healthcare occupations.
Fifty years of looking at changes in peoples lives
Longitudinal surveys help us understand long-term changes, such as how events that happened when a person was in high school affect labor market success as an adult.


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Dr. Harold Van Bosse is an orthopedic surgeon in Philadelphia, PA. He diagnoses and treats conditions or injuries to the musculoskeletal system.
We invite you to write a review about your experience with Dr. Van Bosse.
Find potential causes and treatment options with the MD.com Symptom Checker.
See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.


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Newman terms this spontaneous reasoning faculty the ratiocinative or illative faculty. And he adds that it is actually a collection of faculties adapted to various subject matters, as may be observed in the talents of specialists as different as Newton and Napoleon. Each of us has this illative faculty for natural inference. In some it is a gift characterized by precision, promptitude, and truth; in some it is natural and uncultivated, in some an acquired habit. And it is Newman's opinion that it belongs to women more than to men. In ordinary minds it may be degraded by bias, prejudice, passion and self-interest. The perfection of this faculty Newman terms the illative sense, a use of the word "sense" similar to its use in the terms "good sense", "common sense", or "a sense of beauty". It is right judgment in ratiocination.
Newman sees the path from inference to assent as made up of an objective logical process guided by a subjective personal faculty for discovering truth. The illative sense is the living authority which guides the mind in the discernment of the true limit of converging probabilities. Its role as a guide to truth is parallel to that of conscience, our guide to what is good.
This same illative sense is the living authority which guides the mind in the reflex act of an assent to an assent which, in the case of a true proposition is the basis of certitude. But is there any criterion for the accuracy of an inference in concrete matters? Yes, it is a subjective one. The sole and final judgment on the validity of an inference in concrete matter is committed to the illative faculty. My own illative sense or that of another is my guide to truth in concrete matters. In no class of concrete reasonings, whether scientific, historical, or theological, is there any ultimate test distinguishing truth from error in our inferences, other than the trustworthiness of the sanction of the Illative Sense.


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The giant 5.9-inch Oppo N1 beast of a smartphone has managed to draw attention left and right since its introduction a month ago, in spite of its humble beginnings. Featuring a seemingly awesome swiveling 13-megapixel snapper that rotates 206 degrees, along with a back touch panel and some sexy looks, it isn't exactly hard to see why that is.
What's even more, unlike most any other Chinese brand, Oppo has been dedicated to the Western markets from its conception, and if this latest snippet of information is to be trusted, the N1 will be starting its trek sometime in the latter part of November. This particular piece of information comes from a presentation slide courtesy of the CyanogenMod team, which recently went commercial. The real interesting part comes from the fact that the Oppo N1 will be the first smartphone with the option of shipping with CyanogenMod's custom Android ROM, not to mention that a special, limited CM version of the phablet is also expected at some point. And while this may surprise you, Chinese manufacturers are actually very well known for providing a range of options to their customers as far as software is concerned – there's often an option to go stock or pick a modified Android ROM.
If you're feeling truly excited about the Oppo N1, perhaps you should consider applying for the company's pioneer program. If you make it into the winning quota of ten people, you'll be able to purchase the premium phablet for just $99.
source: GizChina, CM slides via IntoMobile


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Grinding Wheel Backup Pads
1 Result Found that Includes 1 Product
- 3-3/8" Grinding Wheel Backup Pad 3-3/8" Grinding Wheel Backup Pad
- Item # 2DKH4
- Mfr. Model # 51046
Grinding Wheel Backup Pad, Diameter 3-3/8 In., Package Quantity 100
Price $311.25 / pkg. of 100
Catalog Page # NA
Grainger stocks conduit body and conduit outlet boxes for your electrical installations. You'll find a conduit body to match every angle and turn in your design plans. And with multiple pipe connections and inlet configurations, you can install any type of conduit outlet, anywhere in the system with a minimal amount of reconfiguration. These conduit parts are available in copper-free aluminum, malleable iron and corrosion-free PVC. You'll even find hazardous location conduit outlet bodies for protecting electrical installations in extreme industrial environments like those near open flames, in chemical plants and near flammable or explosive materials.


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Sillakh: I'm Ready, I Know I Can Beat Sergey Kovalev
By Luke Furman
Light heavyweight contender Ismayl "Black Russian" Sillakh (21-1, 17KOs) of Ukraine, is confident he will unseat WBO champion Sergey "Krusher" Kovalev (22-0-1, 20KOs) of Russia on Saturday night at the Pepsi Coliseum in Quebec City, Canada. The fight will be televised on HBO.
Sillkah, once regarded as one of the best prospects in boxing, is looking to redeem his career after suffering an upset TKO defeat to Denis Garchev in April of 2012. At the moment he was stopped, Sillakh was well ahead on the cards and knocked Grachev down in the third. Sillakh has won four in a row since, three of those wins by knockout. Kovalev had been destroying his opponents, including a recent four round demolition of previously undefeated Nathan Cleverly of the UK to win the title.
"I'm going to outbox Kovalev. I am perfectly ready and fully focused on the fight. I know I can beat him. I just need to be myself and show everything that I am capable of doing. I will use movement and be more active than Kovalev," Sillakh said.
Luke Furman covers boxing for bokser.org
If Sillakh decides to jab and run, maybe he will survive like 5 rounds, in other case, KOvalev destroys him in 3 rounds.Comment by Tyler_Durden on 11-29-2013
[QUOTE=boxingfeind;13977327]I`m picking the underdog Sillakh,he has the better skillset then Kovalev.But its a 50/50 fight in my opinion;Kovalev is a very good fighter whose well rounded.[/QUOTE] I respectfully disagree with your opinion, I think Kovalev is going to KO Sillakh.…Comment by MDPopescu on 11-29-2013
[QUOTE=-Kev-;13977150]Not at all. No where near one of my favorites. He is getting overlooked because he lost once by stoppage and [B]he's facing a puncher[/B]. Boxing fans always go crazy for one fighter who's on a tear and forget the…Comment by Slowhand on 11-29-2013
Sillakh will have nowhere to go. Kovalev cuts off the ring, walks through Sillakh´s punches and sodomizes him on the ropes to KTFO 4. Of course, this is just a guess so I´ll just have to watch the fight and…Comment by Levity on 11-29-2013
[QUOTE=boxingfeind;13977334]Exactly;look how many times Wladimir got stopped?But yet the guys who stopped Waldimir are not even ranked in the top 50 today.And Wladimir is the number 1 ranked heavyweight today.[/QUOTE] It took Wladimir several years to improve and get to…Post a Comment - View More User Comments (24)


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Kell Brook Rips Khan, Picks Alexander Over Purdy
Kell Brook is willing to wait longer for a world title shot if it means he can settle his feud with Amir Khan.
The 26-year-old welterweight has endured a nightmare spell with injuries forcing two postponements of his fight with WBA champion Devon Alexander before Brook's foot problem caused a third cancellation.
Stablemate Lee Purdy has instead been handed a shot at Alexander, while salt was added to Brook's wounds when Khan fought in Special K's hometown of Sheffield last weekend.
Khan held on for a points win over Julio Diaz after being floored in the fourth round and Brook remains confident he could halt his British rival.
There is growing demand for a fight between the pair, who have been embroiled in a war of words, and Brook would agree to the clash without a belt on the line.
He told Ringside Toe 2 Toe podcast: "I heard he looked terrible. He got put down in the fourth round. He didn't look good in the fight against a blown-up lightweight, who's getting on a bit, so that will teach him to come to my city and think he can take it over.
"To be honest I want the Amir Khan fight for the fans. I'm getting his fans on me on Twitter and you know my fans want to see it.
"Everyone is saying when are you going to get it on with Amir Khan? I think we should put it to bed and get it on, and we'll see that I will take him out."
Brook has no hard feelings towards Purdy after he stepped in to face Alexander, but believes the Essex man will be outclassed.
He said: "All the best to Lee Purdy, what can I say? He's definitely got a puncher's chance against Devon, but I think he's a level above Purdy. He'll dominate the fight, Devon Alexander."
A persistent foot injury has sidelined Brook for a lengthy spell, but he hopes to start training in the near future ahead of his expected comeback fight in July.
"Yeah I'm feeling a lot better, my foot's not 100 per cent yet, but I'm looking at getting back into the boxing gym," he said.
"I haven't been in the gym now for four to six weeks. I've got itchy knuckles to get back in there and start hitting the bags again."
[QUOTE=Money_May;13314139]:lol1: I agre I don't know why it's so hard to admit that you watch the sport you love lol.[/QUOTE] A lot of boxers don't watch the sport, Froch doesn't. People need to chill the f[COLOR="Black"]u[/COLOR]ck out too... Brook will…Comment by BetterCallSaul on 05-02-2013
Brook would KO Khan early, but the fact is, he simply doesn't warrant the fight, nor the payday. Maidana, Alexander, Matthysse, Garcia, and Judah all deserve a payday before Brook does. Despite peoples hatred of Khan, he has fought Kotelnik,…Comment by Hougigo on 05-02-2013
[QUOTE=springfiels;13313623]Im not a big fan of either... But all i will say is at least khan goes through with his fights. Its a open secret in sheffield that kell brook wasnt looking fit or sharp in training and thats why…Comment by yoz on 05-02-2013
[QUOTE=FrankieBruno;13313619]I was a Brook fan, but he is a bit of a wanker, i'm starting to doubt if he was ever injured Something tells me he nor his manger ever wanted the fight in the first place[/QUOTE] ^^^^^ this.Comment by CraigM on 05-02-2013
He is STILL trying to get a Khan fight? Why not fight a fellow contender instead of trying to trash talk your way into it.Post a Comment - View More User Comments (30)


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A color vision test checks your ability to distinguish between different colors.
Alternative Names
Eye test - color; Vision test - color; Ishihara color vision test
How the test is performed
You will sit in a comfortable position in regular lighting, and your health care provider will explain the test to you. You will be shown several cards with multicolored dot patterns. In the patterns, some of the dots will apear to form numbers or symbols.
You will be asked to identify the symbols, if possible.
As you cover one eye, the tester will hold the test plates 14 inches from your face and ask you to quickly identify the symbol found in each color pattern.
Depending on the problem suspected, you may be asked to determine the intensity of a color, especially in one eye compared to the other. This is often tested by using the cap of a red eyedrop bottle.
How to prepare for the test
If your child is having this test performed, it may be helpful to explain how the test will feel, and to practice or demonstrate on a doll. Your child will feel less anxious about the test if you explain what will happen and why.
Usually there is a sample card of multicolored dots that almost everyone can identify, even people with color vision problems.
If you or your child normally wears glasses, wear them during the test.
Small children may be asked to tell the difference between a red bottle cap and caps of a different color.
How the test will feel
The test is similar to a vision test.
Why the test is performed
This test is done to determine whether you have any problems with your color vision.
Color vision problems usually fall into two categories:
- Present from birth (congenital) problems in the light-sensitive cells (cones) of the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye)
- Diseases of the optic nerve (the nerve that carries visual information from the eye to the brain)


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Louisiana & Arkansas Truck School Campus Locations
By choosing Diesel Driving Academy for a quality CDL school in either Louisiana or Arkansas, you'll be prepared to hit the open road. Choose your location below and get started today!
Shreveport, LA
3523 Greenwood Rd. | Shreveport, LA 71109
Baton Rouge, LA
8067 Airline Hwy. | Baton Rouge, LA 70815
West Monroe, LA
609 Vocational Parkway | West Monroe, LA 71292
Little Rock, AR
11001 I-30 | Little Rock, AR 72209


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Audi Cars & SUVs
Audi is a German luxury brand that has been a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group since 1964. Based in Ingolstadt, Germany, the marque is well known for its best-selling model, the A4, as well as the R8 sports car and the company's dominating presence in Le Mans racing both in North America and Europe. Vorsprung durch Technik is the brand's slogan, which means "Innovation through Technology."
2015 Audi Q5$33,950 / 35,400 miles / CA
2011 Audi A8$28,950 / 66,500 miles / CA
2012 Audi A4$17,650 / 44,029 miles / CA
- Jeremy Clarkson picks 10 Terrible Cars
- Mercedes-AMG GT goes topless for 2017
- Car Questions: Autoblog's new Q&A platform
- Emissions will kill us before we run out of oil
- How to go autonomous for under a grand
- Ride along with us in the new AutoblogVR app!


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Join In Our Fun, Free Virtual Summer Camp!
Camp Birdie is in full swing. Join anytime before August 29 to enjoy games, ghost stories, contests and more!
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Come visit me, Echo, Sam & Kiwi.
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OC3D Reviews ›› Storage
Apacer AC202 External Hard Drive
Storage | 5th November 2009
Looking for a way to carry large amounts of data around, without the cost of USB flash drives? Newcomers to the land of OC3D, Apacer, may have the answer...
Asus PCIe GEN2 SATA6G expansion card
Storage | 31st October 2009
With no SATA 6G support forthcoming on Intel based motherboards, Asus have made their own card which supports this feature. See how well the card performs in our latest review...
Super Talent 128GB SATA II SSD
Storage | 25th September 2009
Is the noise of your current HDD driving you mad? Thinking of buying an SSD but dont know which to get? Perhaps Super Talents FTM28GX25H could be what your looking for. Read on to find out.
OC3D News ›› Storage
Scientists create battery that doesn't degrade when recharged
Mark Campbell | 23rd April 2016
Scientists have created a battery that can be recharged without degradation.
The Opera web browser now has a free Built-in VPN service
Mark Campbell | 21st April 2016
The Opera web browser now has a free Built-in VPN service with 256-bit encryption, allowing you to access region-restricted content with ease.
Intel Demos 3D XPoint Optane Memory with Copy speeds of 2GB/s
Mark Campbell | 15th April 2016
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OCZ Vertex TURBO 120GB Solid State Drive
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OCZ ATV 32GB USB Flash Drive
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text:
Most Cited Mechanics Research Communications Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parametersDimitrios G. Aggelis
Volume 38, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 153-157
The study occupies with acoustic emission monitoring of several types of concrete during bending. The signals emitted at the different fracturing stages exhibit distinct signatures. Specifically, frequency and shape parameters of the acquired waveforms shift during the experiment, closely following the sequence of fracture mechanisms from tensile micro-cracking to brittle macro-cracking and fiber pull out. A number of AE indices are proposed, the use of which will enable classification of the cracks according to their mode. The study sheds light to the fracture process of cementitious materials, and enables a warning against the final failure. The simplicity of the scheme renders it applicable in situ. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Frontiers in growth and remodelingAndreas Menzel | Ellen Kuhl
Volume 42, Issue , June 2012, Pages 1-14
Unlike common engineering materials, living matter can autonomously respond to environmental changes. Living structures can grow stronger, weaker, larger, or smaller within months, weeks, or days as a result of a continuous microstructural turnover and renewal. Hard tissues can adapt by increasing their density and grow strong. Soft tissues can adapt by increasing their volume and grow large. For more than three decades, the mechanics community has actively contributed to understand the phenomena of growth and remodeling from a mechanistic point of view. However, to date, there is no single, unified characterization of growth, which is equally accepted by all scientists in the field. Here we shed light on the continuum modeling of growth and remodeling of living matter, and give a comprehensive overview of historical developments and trends. We provide a state-of-the-art review of current research highlights, and discuss challenges and potential future directions. Using the example of volumetric growth, we illustrate how we can establish and utilize growth theories to characterize the functional adaptation of soft living matter. We anticipate this review to be the starting point for critical discussions and future research in growth and remodeling, with a potential impact on life science and medicine. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Axial vibration analysis of a tapered nanorod based on nonlocal elasticity theory and differential quadrature methodMohammad Danesh | Ali Farajpour | Moslem Mohammadi
Volume 39, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 23-27
The small scale effect on the axial vibration of a tapered nanorod is studied employing nonlocal elasticity theory. The nonlocal elasticity theory is used to analyze the mechanical behavior of nanoscale materials. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is applied to solve the governing equations of the nanorod for clamped-clamped (C-C), clamped-free (C-F) and fixed-attached spring boundary conditions. It is shown that the nonlocal effect plays an important role in the axial vibration of nanorods. Also, the nonlocal frequencies are always smaller than their local counterparts. Further, it is concluded that the percentage difference in frequency ratio (nonlocal natural frequency/local natural frequency) between tapered and uniform nanorod is significant at small values of the length of rod and for C-C boundary condition. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Nonlocal vibration of carbon nanotubes with attached buckyballs at tipT. Murmu | S. Adhikari
Volume 38, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 62-67
Nonlocal longitudinal vibration of single-walled-carbon-nanotubes (SWCNTs) with attached buckyballs is considered. Attached buckyball at the tip of a SWCNT can significantly influence the resonance frequency of the vibrating system. Closed-form nonlocal transcendental equation for vibrating system with arbitrary mass ratio i.e. mass of buckyball to mass of SWCNT is derived. Nonlocal elasticity concept is employed to develop the frequency equations. Explicit analytical expressions of axial frequencies are proposed when mass of the attached buckyball is larger than the mass of SWCNT. Nonlocal longitudinal frequencies are validated with existing molecular dynamic simulation result. For arbitrary mass ratios, the frequency shifts in SWCNT due to (i) added buckyballs and (ii) nonlocal-effects are investigated. The present communication may be useful when designing tuneable resonator in NEMS applications. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Acoustic emission for fatigue damage characterization in metal platesD. G. Aggelis | E. Z. Kordatos | T. E. Matikas
Volume 38, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 106-110
Acoustic emission (AE) supplies information on the fracturing behavior of different materials. In this study, AE activity was recorded during fatigue experiments in metal coupons. The plates were characterized by a symmetric V-shape notch and were loaded in tension-tension fatigue until final failure with concurrent AE activity monitoring. The relatively broad bandwidth of the sensors enabled the recording of a wide range of frequencies up to 1 MHz. AE parameters like energy and duration exhibited a certain increase with the accumulation of damage although the hit rate was not significantly influenced. Furthermore the behavior of RA value (ratio of rise time to amplitude of the waveforms) which quantifies the shape of the first part of the AE signals and has been used for characterization of the cracking mode, showed a certain shift indicating the transition from tensile mode to shear which can be confirmed by the visual observation of the crack geometry after the experiment. The time history of RA is similar to the crack propagation rate (da/dN) curve but exhibits the rapid hyperbolic growth consistently about 1000 cycles earlier than final failure. Therefore, the use of acoustic emission parameters is discussed both in terms of characterization of the damage mechanisms, as well as a tool for the prediction of ultimate life of the material under fatigue. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bending of FGM plates by a sinusoidal plate formulation and collocation with radial basis functionsA. M A Neves | A. J M Ferreira | E. Carrera | C. M C Roque | M. Cinefra | R. M N Jorge | C. M M Soares
Volume 38, Issue 5, July 2011, Pages 368-371
This paper addresses the static deformations analysis of functionally graded plates by collocation with radial basis functions, according to a sinusoidal shear deformation formulation for plates. The present plate theory approach accounts for through-the-thickness deformations. The equations of motion and the boundary conditions are obtained by the Carrera's Unified Formulation, and further interpolated by collocation with radial basis functions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Axial vibration analysis of nanorods (carbon nanotubes) embedded in an elastic medium using nonlocal elasticityMetin Aydogdu
Volume 43, Issue , July 2012, Pages 34-40
The axial vibration of single walled carbon nanotube embedded in an elastic medium is studied using nonlocal elasticity theory. The nonlocal constitutive equations of Eringen are used in the formulations. The effect of various parameters like stiffness of elastic medium, boundary conditions and nonlocal parameters on the axial vibration of nanorods is discussed. It is obtained that, the axial vibration frequencies of the embedded nanorods are highly over estimated by the classical continuum rod model which ignores the effect of small length scale. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Buckling analysis of a single-layer graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium based on nonlocal Mindlin plate theoryA. T. Samaei | S. Abbasion | M. M. Mirsayar
Volume 38, Issue 7, October 2011, Pages 481-485
The effect of length scale on buckling behavior of a single-layer graphene sheet embedded in a Pasternak elastic medium is investigated using a nonlocal Mindlin plate theory. An explicit solution is extracted for the buckling loads of graphene sheet and the influence of the nonlocal parameter and aspect ratio on dimensionless buckling loads is presented. It is found that the nonlocal assumptions exhibit larger buckling loads and stiffness of elastic medium in comparison to classical plate theory. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A uniqueness result for the Cattaneo-Christov heat conduction model applied to incompressible fluidsV. Tibullo | V. Zampoli
Volume 38, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 77-79
In the context of heat conduction governed by the celebrated Cattaneo equation, Christov has recently proposed a modification of the time derivative term in order to satisfy the objectivity principle. For such a model applied to an incompressible fluid, the uniqueness of the solution is here proved. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Semi-analytical buckling analysis of heterogeneous variable thickness viscoelastic circular plates on elastic foundationsM. M. Alipour | M. Shariyat
Volume 38, Issue 8, December 2011, Pages 594-601
Buckling analysis of the functionally graded viscoelastic circular plates has not been carried out so far. In the present paper, a series solution is developed for buckling analysis of radially graded FG viscoelastic circular plates with variable thickness resting on two-parameter elastic foundations, based on Mindlin's plate theory. The complex modulus approach in combination with the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle is employed to obtain the solution for various edge conditions. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate effects of various parameters on the buckling load. Results reveal that the viscoelastic behavior of the materials may postpone the buckling occurrence and the stiffness reduction due to the section variations may be compensated by the graded material properties. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Large deflection of a rectangular magnetoelectroelastic thin plateC. X. Xue | E. Pan | S. Y. Zhang | H. J. Chu
Volume 38, Issue 7, October 2011, Pages 518-523
Based on the von Karman plate theory of large deflection, we derive the nonlinear partial differential equation for a rectangular magnetoelectroelastic thin plate under the action of a transverse static mechanical load. By employing the Bubnov-Galerkin method, the nonlinear partial differential equation is transformed to a third-order nonlinear algebraic equation for the maximum deflection where a coupling factor is introduced for determining the coupling effect on the deflection. Numerical results are carried out for the thin plate made of piezoelectric BaTiO 3 and piezomagnetic CoFe 2O 4 materials. Some interesting results are obtained which could be useful to future analysis and design of multiphase composite plates. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rapid evaluation of the fatigue limit in composites using infrared lock-in thermography and acoustic emissionE. Z. Kordatos | K. G. Dassios | D. G. Aggelis | T. E. Matikas
Volume 54, Issue , October 2013, Pages 14-20
Fatigue limit determination via the conventional Wöhler-curve method is associated with extended experimental times as it requires testing of a large number of specimens. The current paper introduces a methodology for fast, reliable and experimentally economic determination of the fatigue limit in monolithic and composite materials by means of combined usage of two nondestructive inspection methods, namely infrared (IR) lock-in thermography and acoustic emission (AE). IR thermography, as a real-time and non-contact technique, allowed the detection of heat waves generated due to thermo-mechanical coupling as well as of the energy dissipated intrinsically during dynamic loading of the material. AE, on the other hand, was employed to record the transient waves resulting from crack propagation events. Aluminum grade 1050 H16 and cross-ply SiC/BMAS ceramic matrix composites were subjected to fatigue loading at various stress levels and were monitored by an IR camera and AE sensors. The fatigue limit of the monolithic material, obtained by the lock-in infrared thermography technique and supported by acoustic emission was found to be in agreement with measurements obtained by the conventional S-N curve method. The fatigue limit of the ceramic matrix composite was validated with acoustic emission data. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Recent advances in mechanobiological modeling of bone regenerationHanna Isaksson
Volume 42, Issue , June 2012, Pages 22-31
Skeletal regeneration and bone fracture repair involves complex cellular and molecular events that result in new bone formation. Many of the critical steps during bone healing are dependent on the local mechanical environment in the healing tissue. Computational models are used together with mechano-regulation algorithms to predict the influence of mechanical stimuli on the tissue differentiation process during bone healing. This paper reviews the field of computational mechanobiology with focus on bone healing. The history of mechanoregulatory modeling is described, as well as the recent advances and current problems. Most recent advances have been focusing on integrating the mechano-regulatory algorithms with more sophisticated description of the cellular and molecular events. Achieving suitable validation for the models is the most significant challenge. Thus far, focus has been on corroborating mechanoregulatory models by comparing existing models with well characterized experimental data, identify shortcomings and further develop improved computational models of bone healing. Ultimately, these models can be used to help unraveling the basic principles of cell and tissue differentiation, optimization of implant design, and potentially to investigate treatments of non-union and other pathologies. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mechanics of composites: A historical reviewCarl T. Herakovich
Volume 41, Issue , April 2012, Pages 1-20
This review is concerned with mechanics of continuous fiber composites. The earliest and most important advancements in the field are emphasized. No doubt the coverage is limited to some extent by the interests and experiences of the writer as well as time and space considerations. The advancements in mechanics of composites have been influenced to a great extent by the development of advanced composites through materials science. No attempt is made to discuss these developments. This review emphasizes the use of theoretical and applied mechanics in the development of theories, confirmed by experimentation, to predict the response of composite materials and structures. Citations have been given for many published works, but certainly not all. Apologies to those not listed; numerous additional references can be found in the works cited. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Perspectives on biomechanical growth and remodeling mechanisms in glaucomaRafael Grytz | Christopher A. Girkin | Vincent Libertiaux | J. Crawford Downs
Volume 42, Issue , June 2012, Pages 92-106
Glaucoma is a blinding diseases in which damage to the axons results in loss of retinal ganglion cells. Experimental evidence indicates that chronic intraocular pressure elevation initiates axonal insult at the level of the lamina cribrosa. The lamina cribrosa is a porous collagen structure through which the axons pass on their path from the retina to the brain. Recent experimental studies revealed the extensive structural changes of the lamina cribrosa and its surrounding tissues during the development and progression of glaucoma. In this perspective paper we review the experimental evidence for growth and remodeling mechanisms in glaucoma including adaptation of tissue anisotropy, tissue thickening/thinning, tissue elongation/shortening and tissue migration. We discuss the existing predictive computational approaches that try to elucidate the potential biomechanical basis of theses growth and remodeling mechanisms and highlight open questions, challenges, and avenues for further development. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Creep phenomena in FRP materialsLuigi Ascione | Valentino Paolo Berardi | Anna D'Aponte
Volume 43, Issue , July 2012, Pages 15-21
In this paper the authors present the results of a creep test programme on several glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRPs) laminates and their constituent phases (matrix and fibre), subject to different stress values under constant environmental conditions. A validation of the mechanical model, recently formulated by the authors, capable of predicting the viscous properties of a FRP laminate starting from those of the single phase is also developed by matching the predicted behaviour with the experimental one recorded in the creep tests. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A new derivation of the bifurcation conditions of inflated cylindrical membranes of elastic material under axial loading. Application to aneurysm formationJ. Rodríguez | J. Merodio
Volume 38, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 203-210
We provide a simple proof of the bifurcation criteria for a membrane cylinder subjected to combined axial loading and internal pressure. Three modes of bifurcation are discussed: a prismatic mode, a bulging mode and a composite mode. The bulging mode of bifurcation is further exploited in the context of aneurysm formation with cylindrical geometry in cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the bulging mode is taken as the initiation of aneurysm formation. The role that the collagen fibers inside the arterial walls play is established. It is shown that healthy collagen fibers stabilize the artery and avoid aneurysm formation. Collagen fibers give the anisotropic character to the mechanical response of arteries. The presence of these fibers also give rise to the so called strain stiffening mechanism. We show here that loss of tissue anisotropy associated with a strain softening mechanism of the collagen fibers may play an important role in the initiation of aneurysms. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A single strain-based growth law predicts concentric and eccentric cardiac growth during pressure and volume overloadRoy C P Kerckhoffs | Jeffrey H. Omens | Andrew D. McCulloch
Volume 42, Issue , June 2012, Pages 40-50
Adult cardiac muscle adapts to mechanical changes in the environment by growth and remodeling (G&R) via a variety of mechanisms. Hypertrophy develops when the heart is subjected to chronic mechanical overload. In ventricular pressure overload (e.g. due to aortic stenosis) the heart typically reacts by concentric hypertrophic growth, characterized by wall thickening due to myocyte radial growth when sarcomeres are added in parallel. In ventricular volume overload, an increase in filling pressure (e.g. due to mitral regurgitation) leads to eccentric hypertrophy as myocytes grow axially by adding sarcomeres in series leading to ventricular cavity enlargement that is typically accompanied by some wall thickening. The specific biomechanical stimuli that stimulate different modes of ventricular hypertrophy are still poorly understood. In a recent study, based on in vitro studies in micropatterned myocyte cell cultures subjected to stretch, we proposed that cardiac myocytes grow longer to maintain a preferred sarcomere length in response to increased fiber strain and grow thicker to maintain interfilament lattice spacing in response to increased cross-fiber strain. Here, we test whether this growth law is able to predict concentric and eccentric hypertrophy in response to aortic stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation, respectively, in a computational model of the adult canine heart coupled to a closed loop model of circulatory hemodynamics. A non-linear finite element model of the beating canine ventricles coupled to the circulation was used. After inducing valve alterations, the ventricles were allowed to adapt in shape in response to mechanical stimuli over time. The proposed growth law was able to reproduce major acute and chronic physiological responses (structural and functional) when integrated with comprehensive models of the pressure-overloaded and volume-overloaded canine heart, coupled to a closed-loop circulation. We conclude that strain-based biomechanical stimuli can drive cardiac growth, including wall thickening during pressure overload. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Vibration of a thin rectangular plate subjected to series of moving inertial loadsAli Nikkhoo | Mohsen Ebrahimzadeh Hassanabadi | Saeed Eftekhar Azam | Javad Vaseghi Amiri
Volume 55, Issue , January 2014, Pages 105-113
In this article, the resonance of a rectangular plate due to multiple traveling masses is studied. Two series of moving inertial loads traversing the plate surface along parallel rectilinear trajectories with opposite directions are considered. This investigation is of significance in engineering mechanics dealing with the vibration of two-lane slab-type bridges under the moving vehicles. The peak values of DAF (dynamic amplification factor) are determined with respect to the variation of loads velocity and inertia as well as their spacing. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
On fallacies in the decision between the Caputo and Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives for the analysis of the dynamic response of a nonlinear viscoelastic oscillatorYury A. Rossikhin | Marina V. Shitikova
Volume 45, Issue , October 2012, Pages 22-27
Recently Dal [Dal, F., 2011. Multiple time scale solution of an equation with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities having fractional-order derivative. Mathematical and Computational Applications 16 (1), 301-308] presented 'a new analytical scheme' to calculate the dynamic response of a fractionally damped nonlinear oscillator possessing both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities via the method of multiple time scales. It has been claimed that damping features are modeled via the Caputo fractional derivative. In the present paper, it is shown that both the scheme and the object of investigation are not new, and moreover, the above mentioned author's statement is inconsistent, since under the assumptions made in the paper under consideration these two fractional-order derivatives coincide. Besides, the utilized procedure was inconsequential. It has been proved that the investigation of the dynamic response of a nonlinear viscoelastic oscillator presents the case that, with some minimal restrictions, the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo definitions produce completely equivalent mathematical models of the nonlinear viscoelastic phenomenon. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Minimum mass design of tensegrity bridges with parametric architecture and multiscale complexityR. E. Skelton | F. Fraternali | G. Carpentieri | A. Micheletti
Volume 58, Issue , January 2014, Pages 124-132
We present a design methodology for tensegrity bridges, which is inspired by parametric design concepts, fractal geometry and mass minimization. This is a topology optimization problem using self-similar repetitions of minimal mass ideas from Michell (1904). The optimized topology is parametrized by two different complexity parameters, and two aspect angles. An iterative optimization procedure is employed to obtain minimum mass shapes under yielding and buckling constraints. Several numerical results are presented, allowing us to explore the potential applications. The given results show that the minimum mass complexity of the optimized bridge model has a multiscale character, being discrete with respect to the first complexity parameter, and markedly or infinitely large with respect to the second complexity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Micro-inertia effects on the dynamic characteristics of micro-beams considering the couple stress theoryMohammad Fathalilou | Morteza Sadeghi | Ghader Rezazadeh
Volume 60, Issue , January 2014, Pages 74-80
This paper presents a new model for the free transverse vibrations of an Euler-Bernoulli beam using the couple stress theory of elasticity with micro-structure. Introducing the kinematic variables, the strain and kinetic energy expressions (involving micro-inertia effect) have been obtained and the Hamilton principle has been used to derive the governing equations and the related boundary conditions of the free vibrations of fixed-fixed and simply supported beams. A numerical solution has been used to study the natural frequencies, mode shapes and free vibrations of the beams. A comparative result has shown that the bending rigidity predicted by the couple stress, is closer to the experiment result than that predicted by the modified couple stress theory. The results have shown that the bending rigidity of the beams depends on the ratio of the length scale to the beam thickness, whereas the micro-inertia term depends on the ratio of the length scale to the beam length. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Voltage-amplitude response of alternating current near half natural frequency electrostatically actuated MEMS resonatorsDumitru I. Caruntu | Israel Martinez | Kyle N. Taylor
Volume 52, Issue , July 2013, Pages 25-31
This paper uses the Reduced Order Model (ROM) method to investigate the nonlinear-parametric dynamics of electrostatically actuated MEMS cantilever resonators under soft Alternating Current (AC) voltage of frequency near half natural frequency of the resonator. The voltage is between the resonator and a ground plate, and provides a nonlinear parametric actuation for the resonator. Fringe effect and damping forces are included. The resonator is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli cantilever. Two methods of investigations are compared, Method of Multiple Scales (MMS), and Reduced Order Model. Moreover, the instabilities (bifurcation points) are predicted for both cases, when the voltage is swept up, and when the voltage is swept down. Although MMS and ROM are in good agreement for small amplitudes, MMS fails to accurately predict the behavior of the MEMS resonator for greater amplitudes. Only ROM captures the behavior of the system for large amplitudes. ROM convergence shows that five terms model accurately predicts the steady-states of the resonator for both small and large amplitudes. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Higher-order shear beam theories and enriched continuumN. Challamel
Volume 38, Issue 5, July 2011, Pages 388-392
The buckling of higher-order shear beam-columns is studied in the light of enriched continuum. We show the equivalence between the enriched kinematics of usual higher-order shear beam theories with the nonlocal and gradient nature of the associated constitutive law. These equivalences are useful for a hierarchical classification of usual beam theories comprising Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko and third-order shear beam theories. A consistent variationnally presentation is derived for all generic theories, leading to meaningful buckling solutions. It is shown that Timoshenko or some other higher-order shear theories can be considered as nonlocal or gradient Euler-Bernoulli theories. The buckling problem of a third-order shear beam-column is analytically studied and treated in the framework of gradient elasticity Timoshenko theory. Some different gradient elasticity Timoshenko models are presented at the end of the paper with available buckling solutions for repetitive structures and microstructured beams. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Optimization of the collocation inversion method for the linear viscoelastic homogenizationAmna Rekik | Renald Brenner
Volume 38, Issue 4, June 2011, Pages 305-308
The effective behaviour of linear viscoelastic heterogeneous material can be derived from the correspondence principle and the inversion of the obtained symbolic homogenized behavior. Various numerical methods were proposed to carry out this inversion. The collocation method, widely used, within this framework rests on a discretization of the characteristic spectrum in a sum of discrete lines for which it is necessary to determine the intensities and the positions by the minimization of the difference between the exact temporal function and its approximation. The classical method is based on a priori choice of the lines positions and on the optimization of their intensities. It is shown here that the combined optimization of the positions and the (positive) intensities lead to a minimization problem under constraints. In the simple case of an incompressible isotropic two-phase material, the assessment of the effective relaxation function with a continuum spectra or made up of discrete lines proves that the proposed method improves the predictions of the classical approach. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.