text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 17, 1987
|Filing date
|Apr 26, 1985
|Priority date
|Apr 26, 1985
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John M. Geary
|Original Assignee
|American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (8), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application was concurrently filed with two of my commonly assigned applications: J. M. Geary et al Case 8-4-4, Ser. No. 727,572 entitled "Liquid Crystal Devices" (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,615,586 and J. M. Geary, Ser. No. 727,573 entitled "Alignment Technique For Liquid Crystal Devices" (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,480.
This invention relates to liquid crystal devices and, more particularly, to such devices utilizing ferroelectric liquid crystal (LC) materials. Although the following description relates primarily to liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the primary intended application, the invention also contemplates use in other applications such as optical shutters.
A display device utilizing ferroelectric, chiral, smectic C materials has been suggested by N. A. Clark et al, Applied Physics Letters Vol. 36, p. 899 (1980). In this device, the smectic material is layered, and the layers are aligned perpendicular to the glass surfaces of the cell as shown in FIG. 1. The liquid crystal molecules lie flat on the surfaces and are restricted at the surfaces to only two positions (i.e., states S1 and S2) out of the cone of possible orientations (FIG. 2) that the chiral, smectic C state allows. The surfaces of the cell are closely spaced (about 1 μm separation) so that the bulk of the sample follows the molecular orientation at the surface, thereby creating the two "surface-stabilized states" identified by Clark et al, supra. The influence of the surfaces also helps to suppress the helix of the chiral smectic C material so that the two states are not disrupted by pitch bands. The ferroelectric fixed dipole moment (M1,M2), which is inherent at the chiral center, points normal to the surfaces, up in one state (S1) and down in the other (S2). Hence, the device can be switched between the two states with a pulsed electric field applied via electrodes on the surface. The influence of the closely spaced surfaces causes the switched state to latch so that the state is maintained after the pulse is over. Thus, the device is bistable in that a latched state is maintained for time which is longer than the time between adjacent write and erase pulses or between adjacent refresh pulses, whichever is greater. Appropriately oriented polarizers are used to produce a visible contrast between the two states.
Fabrication of the above display may present difficulties owing to the required close (about 1 μm) spacing of the cell surfaces. A ferroelectric display with a larger cell spacing in the range of 5 μm to 10 μm, as used in presently manufactured twisted nematic LCDs, would be desirable. However, when such larger spacings are used with conventional ferroelectric LC materials, a pitch band texture forms which renders the device less desirable. Even if the pitch bands are eliminated, the desired two-state behavior is not observed in thick cells (i.e., cells≧2 μm thick). Instead, at the end of the switching pulse, the material quickly reverts to a complex twisted state akin to the intermediate state sometimes seen in thin ferroelectric cells. In these twisted states, the molecular orientation varies around the smectic C cone as one goes from one cell surface to the other. What is needed in thick cells is a means for holding the molecular orientation in the bulk of the cell to those two orientations allowed close to the cell surfaces.
In accordance with my invention, the negative dielectric anisotropy of ferroelectric LCs is exploited to induce bulk two-state behavior. More specifically, an electric field applied perpendicular to the cell surfaces acts on a LC molecule with negative dielectric anisotropy so as to orient the core axis of the molecule normal to the electric field and thus parallel to the cell surfaces. The core axis is the x-ray axis as defined by R. Bartolino et al in Annals de Physique, Vol. 3, p. 389 (1978). In a smectic C phase LC material, for example, the cone of possible molecular orientations allows just two such states, which are identical to the two homogeneous surface-induced orientations. However, for a ferroelectric LC, the field will also act on the fixed dipole moment of the molecules and thus tend to favor one of the two states. In accordance with one aspect of my invention, this effect is circumvented by using a stabilizing electric field which has a half cycle time substantially shorter than the time for the LC material to switch from one stable state to another, hereinafter termed the "switching" time. The stabilizing field preferably has a substantially zero average over the duration of the switching pulse discussed below (e.g., the stabilizing field is generated by an AC voltage signal such as a sinusoid). Thus, the influence of such a field on the fixed dipole moment will also average out to zero. But, since the effect of an electric field on dielectric anisotropy is independent of the sign of the field, the stabilizing field will still act to orient the core axis of the molecules perpendicular to the field lines, and thus tend to restrict them to the two states that are parallel to the cell surfaces. This effect acts throughout the bulk of the cell, thus producing field-stabilized states even in thick samples. In accordance with another aspect of my invention, these states are switched by superimposing a switching electric field on the stabilizing field. The duration of the switching field, which is illustratively generated by a pulsed voltage signal, should be substantially longer than or equal to the switching time of the LC material. Since all the molecular orientations between these states are not perpendicular to the field, they are energetically disadvntageous and create a threshold potential between the two states.
LC devices in accordance with my invention show latching and sharp switching thresholds as well as improved contrast and switching speed for field-stabilized states. Of these characteristics, the enhanced switching speed is particularly advantageous in matrix addressing schemes for LCDs, and the improved contrast is especially useful in optical shutters.
My invention, together with its various features and advantages, can be readily understood from the following more detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic, isometric view of a LC cell showing the field-stabilized states in accordance with one aspect of my invention;
FIG. 2 shows the cone of possible orientations of the molecules of a ferroelectric, smectic C material;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are top views of a layered ferroelectric, smectic C material showing the molecular orientation in the layers in the absence of pitch bands;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a LCD in accordance with one embodiment of my invention depicting the switching and stabilizing sources connected to an illustrative cell;
FIG. 6 shows the projection of a typical molecule onto a plane parallel to the smectic layers. The orientation of the molecule's projected image is given by the angle θ;
FIG. 7 is a graph of calculated potential φ as a function of θ and
FIG. 8 is a graph of threshold curves for single bipolar write pulses and groups of 1000 bipolar disturb pulses. Change in transmission (in arbitrary units) is plotted as a function of pulse magnitude Vo. Curves are shown for a superimposed AC signal of 40 V and 20 V amplitudes.
The operation of the stabilizing field in producing bistable states, and the operation of the switching field in controlling the particular state of the LCD, in accordance with one aspect of my invention, are best understood with reference to FIGS. 1-4. As shown in FIG. 2, each molecule in each layer of a chiral, smectic C material has a cone of possible orientations, with the axis A of the cone lying parallel to the major surfaces of the cell. This cone should not be confused with the cone of orientations associated with focal conic defect sites where the smectic layers themselves twist. In two of the illustrative states S3 and S4, the molecule does not lie in a plane parallel to the surfaces. There are, of course, an infinite number of other orientations which are similar to S3 and S4. In contrast, two of the orientations designated by states S1 and S2 correspond to the molecule lying in a plane 50 parallel to the cell surfaces. These two orientations are preferred and correspond to the stable states S1 and S2. In general, however, all orientations falling on the surface of the cone are possible and the display would have a correspondingly large number of possible states.
The "switching time" of the LC material is defined as the time for the LC molecules to switch from state S1 to S2, or conversely, and is primarily a function of electric field strength and cell temperature. In addition, it is also strongly dependent on cell thickness in thin cells but only weakly dependent in thick cells.
In order to restrict the molecules to only two states S1 and S2, a stabilizing electric field Est is applied perpendicular to the cell surfaces as one component of the total field E shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. As a result, the molecules throughout the bulk of the LC material are confined to only two possible states. These states S1 and S2 are displaced from axis A by the smectic tilt angle φ thereto. In one state S1 the ferroelectric fixed dipole moment M1 is directed upwardly, whereas in the other state S2, the fixed dipole moment M2 is directed downwardly. In both cases M is perpendicular to the cell surfaces. The effect of the stabilizing field on the negative dielectric anisotropy of the LC material is independent of the sign of the field. Consequently, the stabilizing field acts to orient the molecules perpendicular to the field lines and thus restricts them to the two states S1 and S2 that are parallel to the cell surfaces. This effect acts throughout the bulk of the cell, thus producing stable states even in thick (i.e., ≧2 μm) samples.
A top view of the molecular orientation in these states is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 shows molecules in separate layers oriented as in state S1, whereas FIG. 4 depicts molecules in separate layers oriented as in state S2. Of course, the particular pattern of orientations is controlled by the pattern of the electrodes as well as by the selection of which electrodes to energize.
Turning now to FIG. 5, there is shown schematically a LCD comprising a LC cell 10 to which a pair of voltage sources are connected, a stabilizing source 12 and a switching sources 14 in series with one another. Although shown as separate units, these sources can readily be designed as a single unit (e.g., integrated circuit). The switching source 14 generates one component of the electric field E, a switching electric field Esw which has a duration longer than or equal to the switching time of the LC material measured at the switching field strength. On the other hand, the stabilizing source 12 generates another component of the electric field E, a stabilizing electric field Est which has a half-cycle time substantially shorter than the switching time of the LC material measured at the combined switching and stabilizing field strengths. Except for marginal designs, however, it is adequate to relate the half-cycle time to the switching time at the stabilizing field strength alone. In addition, Est preferably has a substantially zero average value over the duration of the switching field.
The timing of the stabilizing and switching fields is largely dictated by the need to stabilize (latch) the states after switching them. For latching, the stabilizing field may be applied after the switching field provided the delay between the two is short relative to the relaxation time of the molecules. However, to enhance the threshold between states S1 and S2, the stabilizing field should be applied continuously during the display operation. A continuous stabilizing field is, of course, also suitable from the standpoint of latching. On the other hand, the shape of the voltage waveforms is not critical; for example, either field may be generated as a sinusoid or a square wave voltage of appropriate duration relative to the switching time of the LC material. The amplitude of the waveforms, on the other hand, is related to considerations such as switching speed (higher voltage stabilizing signals allow the use of shorter duration switching pulses) and threshold voltage (the peak switching signal voltage should exceed the threshold). The actual amplitude used in a particular case depends also on the negative dielectric anisotropy of the LC material and may be determined empirically from a suitable control sample.
The cell itself includes the LC material 20 bounded by confinement means, e.g., a pair of spaced, parallel, transparent plates 22 and 24. Illustratively, the plates comprise glass but plastic may also be suitable. The interior, facing major surfaces of the plates have conductive material patterned into electrodes 26 and 28 the shapes of which define the individual picture elements (pels) of the display. If light is to pass through either set of electrodes, then the material of that set should be transparent. In addition, the cell 10 has means for providing optical contrast, illustratively polarizes 30 and 32 on opposite sides thereof. In one arrangement suitable for thick cells, the polarizers are parallel to one another, but are oriented at the tilt angle φ with respect to the layers (i.e., axis A of FIG. 1). The thickness of the cell is chosen so that the orthogonal optical components experience a retardation of nλ/2, where λ is the wavelength of the light and n is an odd integer. Depending upon the type of LC material, however, the polarizers may be omitted (e.g., in certain guest-host displays).
The LC material 20, in accordance with the invention, is ferroelectric and has a negative dielectric anisotropy. Illustratively, the LC material has a tilted, smectic phase including for example smectic phases C, F, G, I or J which are well known in the art. From the standpoint of switching speed, however, phase C smectic materials are much faster than the others and hence are to be preferred. LC materials containing a single chiral component as well as those containing a mixture of chiral components are suitable. One class of such materials constitutes the ferroelectric LC mixtures defined in my copending application, J. M. Geary et al. Ser. No. 727,572, supra, which is incorporated herein by reference. As noted earlier, these mixtures are formed from component chiral smectic C materials with opposing twist senses, and thus they have relatively long pitches. Examples of such LC mixtures include, without limitation, the following: ##STR1##
The constituents (1) through (6) were combined in the following weight percentages: (1) 20.5%, (2) 24.0%, (3) 17.8%, (4) 10.0%, (5) 19.7%, and (6) 8.0%. A total of about 1 gm of the mixture was weighed into a vial, heated to melting in the isotropic phase, agitated and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then ready for use. The FEM 4 mixture has a negative dielectric anistropy and exhibits the desired bistable characteristics in accordance with my invention but may not be optimum because the double bonds in constituents (2), (4) and (5) are sensitive to UV radiation. However, the FEM 23 mixture below also has a negative dielectric anisotropy (without UV sensitivity) and hence has exhibited similar bistable properties. ##STR2## The constituents (7) through (9) were combined as above in the following weight percentages: (7) 59.3%, (8) 27.7% and (9) 13.0%, as described in my copending application, J. M. Geary Case Ser. No. 727,572, supra.
The asterisk in constituents (1) through (9) denotes the active chiral center.
The switching time of FEM 4 is about 3.0 msec at 1.2 V/μm in a 25 μm thick cell at 25� C. and that of FEM 23 is about 0.5 msec at 4.5 V/μm in a 5 μm thick cell at 23� C.
Although not shown in FIG. 5, in one embodiment the cell 10 is provided with alignment layers on the interior surfaces covering the electrodes and the transparent plates. Alignment techniques similar to those described by J. Patel et al, Ferroelectrics, Vol. 58-59, p. 457 (1984) can be utilized. These alignment techniques are also the subject matter of the copending application of J. W. Goodby et al Ser. No. 518,640 filed on July 29, 1983 and assigned to the assignee hereof. In addition, however, a preferred alignment technique is described in my concurrently filed application, J. M. Geary Ser. No. 727,575, supra, which is incorporated herein by reference. In accordance with one procedure taught therein, one interior surface of the cell is coated with an aligning layer (e.g., a crystalline polymer which is rubbed with a cloth, for example). The other interior surface is coated with a non-aligning layer (e.g., an amorphous polymer) that cannot align the LC material (even if rubbed) and is left unrubbed. For example, one interior surface may be coated with an aligning layer of rubbed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) whereas the other interior surface is coated with a non-aligning layer of unrubbed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
The following derivation demonstrates how field-stabilized states are achieved in the bulk of a chiral, smectic C material. Similar comments apply to other tilted-phase, smectic materials. In FIG. 6 the smectric layers are aligned parallel to the plane of the paper, and the molecules are free to rotate around axis A normal to the paper. Although the molecule is in general oriented in three dimensions on the surface of a cone (FIG. 2), only the projection of the molecule onto the plane of the smectic layers is shown in FIG. 6.
An electric field E operates on both the ferroelectric fixed dipole as well as the induced dipole. Applying torque to the fixed dipole can cause switching and is related to pE, where p is magnitude of the dipole moment. On the other hand, applying torque to the induced dipole can produce field-stabilized states and, as shown below, is related to ΔεE2, where Δε is the dielectric anisotropy. In accordance with my invention, the switching field Esw acts on the fixed dipole and has a duration longer than or equal to the characteristic switching time of the LC material at that field strength. To avoid well-known degradation of the LC material, Esw preferably has no DC component. In contrast, the stabilizing field Est acts on the induced dipole and has a hald-cycle time substantially shorter than the switching time of the LC material. Est has no DC component not only to avoid degradation but also to avoid spurious switching. That is, a DC component of Est would act on the fixed dipole and over time the integrated effect might be to cause the molecule to switch states.
To better understand these phenomena, let us proceed with the calculation, assuming, for purposes of the calculation only, that the stabilizing field takes the form of a sinusoid Est =Ep sin ωt, where Est is applied parallel to the smectic layers and perpendicular to the cell surfaces.
To calculate the torque on the molecules around their axis A of permitted rotation, one needs to know the effective components of the dielectric constant normal to this axis. In most LC phases, there are only two dielectric constants, one parallel to the long molecular axis and one perpendicular to it. In the chiral smectic C state, however, there are in general three different dielectric constants as shown in FIG. 2: the usual parallel component εp and two perpendicular (normal) components εn1 and εn2, where εn1 is defined to be parallel to the fixed dipole moment M, and αn2 is defined to be perpendicular to the fixed dipole moment. Evaluating the effective components of these three dielectric constants in a plane normal to the axis A of permitted rotation, we obtain two projected components:
εproj(p) =εp sin2 φ+εn2 cos2 φ (1)
εproj(n) =εn1 (2)
where φ is the smectic tilt angle. The trigonometric functions are squared because the tilt angle affects both the size of the induced moment and the component of electric field that acts on that moment. The projected dielectric anisotropy is now
Δεproj =εproj(p) =εproj(n). (3)
In rationalized MKS units, the torque (per unit volume) τst due to the time varying field Est is
τst =-Δεproj ε0 Est (t) cos θ][(Est (t) sin θ)] (4)
where ε0 is the permittivity of a vacuum, or ##EQU1## where θ is the orientation of the projected molecule as shown in FIG. 6. For large ω, τst is replaced with its time averaged value τst : ##EQU2## This approximation is justified if the time for a half cycle of the stabilizing field is substantially smaller than the switching time of the LC material at a peak field of Ep. For a stabilizing field varying at this rate, the torque on the fixed ferroelectric dipole averages out to zero.
An effective potential Φst is defined as ##EQU3## and taking the derivative called for in equation (7) yields ##EQU4##
This effective potential is plotted in FIG. 7. Because of its 2θ dependence, Φst exhibits a double potential well with two stable states in each full cycle of θ. The nature of these states depends on the sign of Δεproj. If the dielectric anisotropy Δεproj is negative (as it is in FIG. 6), then the stable states are at θ=�90�. Thus, the molecules will lie perpendicular to the applied field and parallel to the surfaces of the cell. If Δεproj is positive, then the states are at θ=0� and θ=180�, so that the projected director is parallel to the field lines.
The two permitted molecular configurations in the case of negative Δεproj are similar to the two states of Clark et al, supra. But, in accordance with my invention, the states are induced by a stabilizing field acting throughout the bulk of the LC material, rather than by a short range surface interaction. Consequently, my display cell can be made much thicker than the 1 μm spacing typical of the Clark et al display. The double potential well form of the potential energy diagram of FIG. 7 indicates that the stabilizing field will encourage latching even in thick cells and, importantly, the double well implies a threshold between these two states.
Field-stabilized states corresponding to the negative Δεproj case have been observed in several ferroelectric LC materials such as FEM 23 described earlier and disclosed in my copending application, J. M. Geary et al Case Ser. No. 727,572, supra. Another LC material which exhibits these states very clearly is a long pitch mixture identified earlier as FEM 4. The following experiments were performed using FEM 4 cells.
For purposes of experimentation, a wedge cell having a thickness which varied from 5 μm at the left to 7 μm at the right was filled with FEM 4. With 40 V applied across the cell at about 25� C., the switching time ranges from about 0.45 msec to 0.63 msec. At 80 V, however, the switching time would be halved approximately. The smectic layers are aligned parallel to the vertical diagonal of a square electrode, and the sample was somewhat rotated with regard to crossed polarizer axes. Alignment was obtained by a technique in which one surface was coated with polyethelene terephthalate (PET) and rubbed, and the other surface was coated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and was left unrubbed as described in my concurrently filed application, J. M. Geary Ser. No. 727,573, supra. When no field was applied, two complex domain states were faintly visible. These states, which are typical of unwound thick ferroelectric samples, exhibited a variation of molecular orientation from one surface of the cell to the other. They did not show extinction at any orientation. But, when a sinusoidally varying stabilizing field was applied (40 V peak, 15 kHz, 33 μsec half-cycle time), these states straightened out into simple homogeneous domains with good extinction. The symmetry of the two states was demonstrated by rotating the sample to either side of the polarizer axis.
The field-stabilized states in the above FEM 4 sample could be switched and exhibited latching after the switching pulse was over. Switching source 14 (FIG. 5) generated bipolar pulses (i.e., two contiguous rectangular pulses of equal (1.5 msec) duration and magnitude, but of opposite sign) which were superimposed on the sinusoid generated by stabilizing source 12. Pulses of this form, which are useful in practical display addressing schemes, actually switch the LC material twice, leaving it in the field-stabilized state corresponding to the trailing polarity. In one experiment, latched light and dark conditions of the display were produced by bipolar pulses of two different senses (positive pulses followed by negative, and negative pulse followed by positive). The switching pulse magnitude was 40 V and the entire bipolar pulse lasted 3 msec.
In order to matrix address or multiplex a display, a single addressing pulse of a particular amplitude completely switches a display element, while numerous smaller disturb pulses (the byproduct of addressing other elements of the display) should not significantly switch the element. Clearly, a sharp switching threshold is desirable for effective multiplexing.
Accordingly, field-stabilized states in a FEM 4 cell with a 5 μm spacing were tested for threshold behavior. Results were obtained for large (40 V peak) and small (20 V peak) sinusoidal stabilizing fields, both at a frequency of 5 kHz (100 μsec half-cycle time). As before, the switching time at 40 V and 25� C. is about 0.45 msec, but is about 0.90 msec at 20 V. The effects of (a) single bipolar write pulses, and (b) sequences of 1000 bipolar disturb pulses were studied as a function of pulse amplitude. The write and disturb pulses were of the same form, corresponding to a simple 2:1 address scheme. Light transmission was measured with the sample placed between crossed polarizers. The sample was rotated to one side (as in the previous experiment) to produce a contrast between the two field-stabilized states. The sample was first put in the state of minimum light transmission by a single 40 V bipolar reset pulse, and then signals of type (a) or (b) were applied. The resulting increase in light transmission is plotted versus pulse magnitude in FIG. 8.
The data for the 40 V sinusoid amplitude revealed an extremely sharp switching threshold. The write response (curve I) went from virtually zero to close to the maximum for only a 1 V increase in switching pulses magnitude from 17 V to 18 V. More importantly, however, the disturb response (curve II) was equally steep and was very close to the write curve. Under these circumstances, a 1000 element display can be easily multiplexed. With the smaller 20 V sinusoid amplitude, the write response (curve III) was still reasonably sharp, but the disturb response (curve IV) was broadened and displaced to lower voltages. The less desirable performance at 20 V is attributable to the fact that decreasing the peak amplitude by a factor of two reduces the torque on the molecules by a factor of four [see equation (6)]. Still, one is just able to bracket the write and disturb curves within a factor of two (16 V and 32 V), so that 1000:1 multiplexing is still possible, even with the lower amplitude sinusoid.
The threshold behavior exhibited in FIG. 8, especially for the larger sinusoid amplitude, seems to confirm the predictions of the calculations performed earlier. However, the observed behavior does not fully correspond to the simple threshold concept illustrated by the potential well drawing of FIG. 7. Whereas the above FEM 4 sample exhibited good threshold for pulse switching signals, it was possible to switch the cell's state at almost any amplitude if the switching signal was applied as sustained DC. In a practical LCD, however, DC is generally avoided to prevent degradation of the LC material. Hence, what is seen is not a static threshold, but rather a dynamic threshold, dependent on the brief duration of the applied switching pulses. When sustained DC was used, switching was observed to occur by the motion of domain walls which nucleate on defects and propagate across the sample. The simple potential well model of FIG. 7 clearly cannot anticipate such effects since it presumes a completely uniform material where no defects exist and where domain walls, being boundaries between regions of differing molecular orientation, cannot be present. Evidently the switching caused by brief, relatively high amplitude pulses results in something closer to bulk switching, where the model of FIG. 7 is more appropriate. It is important to note, however, that a static threshold is not necessary for the multiplexing of displays, where brief switching pulses are desirable to begin with.
An interesting feature of the data of FIG. 8 is the implication of increased switching speed in the case of the higher amplitude (40 V) sinusoid. The pulse amplitude Vo required to write was reduced by nearly a factor of two by increasing the sinusoid amplitude from 20 V to 40 V, which implies an increase in the write speed if the write pulse voltage were kept fixed as the sinusoid amplitude was increased. The reasons for this effect are not well understood at present.
It is to be understood that the above-described arrangements are merely illustrative of the many possible specific embodiments which can be devised to represent application of the principles of the invention. Numerous and varied other arrangements can be devised in accordance with these principles by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, while special emphasis was placed on the utility of my invention for thick (≲2 μm) cells, other attributes of field-stabilized states may be useful in thin (<2 μm) cells as well.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 27, 1987
|Aug 9, 1988
|Seiko Instruments Inc.
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device having half-select voltage to maximize contrast
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|Jan 24, 1989
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal display device having a single polarizer
|May 15, 1989
|Feb 20, 1990
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal optical device having temperature compensation
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|Mar 5, 1991
|The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal devices having a high surface tilt
|Jan 22, 1990
|Jun 25, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid crystal device, alignment control method therefor and driving method therefor
|Feb 15, 1994
|Jan 3, 1995
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Bi-stable liquid crystal device and driving method which allows for time variable threshold voltages
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|Jul 30, 1996
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|U.S. Classification
|349/128, 349/37, 349/34, 349/172
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 26, 1985
Owner name: BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, INCORPORATED, 600 MOU
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GEARY, JOHN M.;REEL/FRAME:004399/0086
Effective date: 19850426
|Dec 10, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 7, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 29, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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| Scalp irritation may be caused by improper hair styling or staining, allergy to certain foods, personal care products, insufficient hair rinsing or rinsing with highly chlorinated or contaminated water. Psychological stress is another common cause of hair problems.
With any shampoo, it is essential to rinse the shampoo from the hair roots. In fact, remaining detergents quite often are the primary cause of scalp irritation, seborrhea and hair loss. Concentrated shampoos and combined shampoo/conditioners make it very difficult to wash out the detergents. One may be well advised to avoid such products, if symptoms of scalp irritation or hair loss occur. Herbal hair oils such as Burdock root oil, Nettle oil will work good for most types of hair. These products are helpful if hair has become thin, straw-like, brittle, and split. They are also utilized to help combat hair loss.
Traditional Herbal Hair Oils
Hair oils moisturize scalp, reverse dry scalp and dry hair conditions, provide nutrients required to maintain normal functions of sebaceous glands and promote natural hair growth. Hair oils have been traditionally used to treat irritated stressed scalp, reduce effect of aging on hair shape and growth, combat seborrhea and alopecia. Herbal oils work through nutritional support of natural skin restorative and hair growth processes.
|Herbal hair oil
|Nettle herb oil
|Nettle root oil
|Plantain oil
|Yarrow oil
|Burdock root oil
|Saw Palmetto oil
|Dry scalp
Itchy scalp
Irritated scalp
|Thin fragile hair
Hair thinning
Hair loss
|Dry scalp
Itchy scalp
Irritated scalp
|Dry, itchy scalp
Hair thinning
|Thin unhealthy hair
Dry irritated scalp
Hair thinning
|Hair thinning
Hair loss
Botanical Hair Oil
All natural blend of herbal oils, herbal extracts and floral essences traditionally used to promote better hair and combat hair loss. Herbal nutrients and stimulants present in Botanical Hair Oil (BHO) nourish and revitalize the scalp, help maintain vivid shiny hair, reduce excessive hair loss and promote natural functions of sebaceous glands, responsible for hair growth and strength. BHO is rich in nutrients required for metabolic support of natural hair growth processes, including long chain essential fatty acids, phytosterols and fat soluble vitamins and antioxidants. Following the application of BHO to the scalp nutrients are assimilated by the skin through absorption processes.
Ingredients: Natural sources of nutrients and vitamins essential for hair restoration: Burdock root oil extract, Nettle root oil extract, Yarrow oil extract, Saw Palmetto oil, Natural Vitamin E oil. Essential oils traditionally used to combat hair loss and stimulate growth: blend of Ylang Ylang essential oils, Bay essential oil, Clary Sage essential oil. Moisturizing and protective vegetable oils: Jojoba oil, Avocado oil
Suggested use: Due to the nature of its action BHO is expected to be most effective with daily use. One may wear it during the day or apply in the evening for overnight treatment. Apply minimal amounts to the hair roots and gently massage into the scalp. When using before hair wash - massage the oil into scalp, wear for 1 - 2 hours, stay during the treatment in the warm place to promote the assimilation of ingredients by the scalp. If using after hair wash rinse hair thoroughly trying to remove all residual of detergents, preferably rinse with distilled water after washin with regular water. Dry with towel leaving slightly dump hair, apply oil to the hair roots and gently massage in.
Botanical Hair Oil - 1 fl oz - $ 11.59
- Add to Cart
Botanical Hair Oil - 4 fl oz - $ 39.99 - Add to Cart -
Botanical Hair Oil with sprayer - 1 fl oz - $ 12.59 - Add to Cart
Dry Hair Tonic
All-natural nourishing preparations for dry scalp and hair combines essential oils, and herbal oil extracts traditionally used to treat hair conditions. Moisturizes and lubricates scalp, helps reduce hair loss and reverse insufficient growth, helps combat flaking, dandruff and seborrhea. Provides scalp and hair follicles with nutrients and herbal constituents to restore and stimulate metabolic processes.
Use hair tonic before the hair wash to nourish and groom the hair. Apply generously and massage tonic into the scalp with light circular movements starting with the back of the head. Cover the hair with shower cap and/or towel. Let tonic work for 1/2 to 2 hours, staying in a warm place. Shampoo the hair and thoroughly with regular water, followed by rinse with distilled or spring water.
Use hair tonic regularly, preferably every day to reverse dry scalp conditions, help revive thin, dull, brittle hair. If used after hair wash, dry hair with the towel leaving slightly dump hair. Apply minimal amounts of tonic to the scalp with fingertips or cotton swab and gently massage into the hair roots.
Ingredients: Burdock root oil, Sea Buckthorn oil, natural vitamin E oil, essential oils of Geranium, Bay, Ylang-Ylang, Lavender; Avocado oil, Jojoba oil, Almond oil
Dry Hair Tonic - 4 fl oz - $ 8.99 - Add to Cart -
If scalp is stressed, hair tonic with high content of essential oils may cause transient irritation. In that case shampoo hair, wash and treat with ointment Balmflower , Nettle oil or Plantain oil
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Floraleads GR, PO Box 5546, Cary, NC 27512, phone 919-303-1420 -
Information, statements and products on this website have not been evaluated by the FDA and
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Brice notes that he has been an entrepreneur all his life with one goal, to make a difference. Being a sushi fan for years, Brice knew how healthy rolling ingredients could be and wanted to share that with the world. He went out and bought a bamboo mat to try to make it the old fashion way, but it did not work for him. He could not gauge the right amount of rice to use and was unable to roll. He then decided to design the sushi rolling kit.


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An really disturbing incident from the past, is often (though, not always) the root cause of Bug Phobia. Your fear may also seem to come out of no where – with no memory you can think of. You resolve this issue by discovering the source and trading the negative correlations with positive ones. Those at greatest risk include:
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We feel drugs and medication for Bug Phobia aren't the best approach, but make sure you always follow a doctor's advice when taking or stopping any prescription. Meds may seem to help in the short-term by temporarily improving your symptoms, but the problem is that they can never cure the core issue of the fearful patterns of thinking that are the automatic reaction to insects or bugs and which trigger the intense feelings of fear.
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text:
Best route map between Philadelphia, PA and West Deptford, NJ. This route take about 16 Miles.
The distance and estimated time is placed on the right depending on the status of the road.
, 16:50
* You can see Philadelphia, PA and West Deptford, NJ photos above. We provide this photos from Google Panoramio service.
* Philadelphia, PA weather as celsius: °C
* West Deptford, NJ weather as celsius: °C
* Weather information on route, provide by Open Weather Map.
All Rights Reserved. © 2010 - 2016 About Feedback


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hunting with randoms eugh
Haven't done that in awhile... lo and behold, I once again end up in a turns city wherein we efficiently slay G-rank Alatreon with no incident. And get another Skyswayer I don't inherently need. I sure know how t' pick these rooms.
If ya ever find a field of hives, I DARE ya to sprint through int' the next biome. Not recommended until you have a way to respawn yourself.
Also, I never use the "hold and release" spin attack lol. I always do an attack and buffer the control stick rotation/shield first. Likel a habit of mine from TP and SS where you can insta-spin attack mid-combo.


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Try These Tasty Upgrades to Your Childhood Meal Classics
As a child, you may have imagined your adult diet as a buffet of your favorites, like hot dogs and Oreos. Your tastes probably matured along with the rest of you, but a childhood classic still hits the spot once in awhile. To make sure you revisit the past in the tastiest way possible, we've rounded up some upgrades.


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Town Square
Sort by: Most recent topic/comment Most viewed Most comments
Navigation tip: Clicking on any category label will display all recent posts in that category
MENLO PARKJuly 1 deadline to apply for Menlo Park commissions
Menlo Park residents interested in serving on any of several city commissions have until July 1 to apply. Read the full...Original post made on Jun. 19, 2010
Last comment by Cynical de Bergerac, on Jun 19, 2010 at 9:51 am | 1 comment | 1391 Views
AROUND TOWNCommunity college tax squeaks by
Measure G, the $34 annual parcel tax for the San Mateo County Community College District, appears to have passed with the...Original post made on Jun. 16, 2010
Last comment by curious, on Jun 19, 2010 at 9:10 am | 2 comments | 1506 Views
OTHER TOPICSSunday: Memorial service for David Lewis
A memorial service for slain East Palo Alto community leader David Lewis is scheduled for Sunday at 2 p.m. at Costano Elementary...Original post made on Jun. 18, 2010
Last comment by Liz Wilson, on Jun 18, 2010 at 6:55 pm | 1 comment | 1590 Views
ATHERTONUpdate: Two students expelled in drug incident
Two students were expelled from Sacred Heart Preparatory for using marijuana, but there was no drug bust on the private Catholic...Original post made on Nov. 3, 2009
Last comment by A Voice of Reason, on Jun 18, 2010 at 5:39 pm | 31 comments | 3843 Views
WOODSIDEPeter Parineh arrested for murder
Peter Parineh was arrested yesterday in Sunnyvale for the murder of his wife Parima Parineh April 13, 2010 Sheriff's were...Original post made by Michael G. Stogner on Jun. 18, 2010
Last comment by R.GORDON, on Jun 18, 2010 at 1:48 pm | 2 comments | 2453 Views
MENLO PARKMenlo Park hires interim police chief
Menlo Park has hired an interim police chief from outside the department as it searches for a replacement for the recently...Original post made on Jun. 16, 2010
Last comment by Peter Carpenter, on Jun 18, 2010 at 1:01 pm | 16 comments | 3221 Views
MENLO PARKContractor working for city of Menlo Park settles lawsuit for $2.4 million
The city of Menlo Park and a contractor have settled a wrongful death lawsuit for $2.4 million, stemming from a 2007 accident...Original post made on Jun. 14, 2010
Last comment by Must have been sleeping, on Jun 18, 2010 at 8:23 am | 45 comments | 3018 Views
OTHER TOPICSCaltrain may cut service due to 'fiscal emergency'
Major Caltrain weekend- and mid-day service cuts plus a fare increase are being planned by this fall and early 2011. Faced...Original post made on Jun. 7, 2010
Last comment by Alfred, on Jun 17, 2010 at 7:24 pm | 21 comments | 2709 Views
MENLO PARKTwo BBC employees arrested after allegedly groping customers
Two employees of the British Bankers Club, a restaurant/bar on El Camino Real in Menlo Park, have been arrested after allegedly...Original post made on Jun. 17, 2010
Last comment by Guest, on Jun 17, 2010 at 4:18 pm | 2 comments | 1478 Views
ATHERTONTwo Atherton Police Officers Under Investigation
I am in receipt of a letter dated May 26, 2010 from from Chief Guerra advising me that administrative investigations into...Original post made by John P. Johns on Jun. 10, 2010
Last comment by Ok, on Jun 17, 2010 at 4:02 pm | 6 comments | 1964 Views
MENLO PARKWhat would new plan for El Camino mean for Menlo?
If enacted, strict development regulations along El Camino Real could make the process easier for developers and the city....Original post made on Jun. 15, 2010
Last comment by James Madison, on Jun 16, 2010 at 8:41 pm | 2 comments | 1515 Views
MENLO PARKMenlo Park police substation hits another snag
The city of Menlo Park is contemplating a lawsuit against a land developer it has been working with to build a police substation...Original post made on Jun. 16, 2010
Last comment by Menlo Voter, on Jun 16, 2010 at 6:46 pm | 6 comments | 1780 Views
MENLO PARKBohannon project will go on the ballot
What is already shaping up to be a crowded ballot in November for Menlo Park voters will have to make room for a new item:...Original post made on Jun. 16, 2010
Last comment by POGO, on Jun 16, 2010 at 4:09 pm | 18 comments | 2083 Views
ATHERTONAn Open Letter to Mayor McKeithen
Dear Kathy I regret to advise you that I will be unable to attend next week's city council session as I have been called...Original post made by John P. Johns on Jun. 12, 2010
Last comment by Lots of angst, on Jun 16, 2010 at 12:45 pm | 16 comments | 2680 Views
AROUND TOWNCoroner identifies man killed by Caltrain Monday
The San Mateo County coroner's office this morning identified a pedestrian who was hit and killed on Caltrain tracks in San...Original post made on Jun. 15, 2010
Last comment by Menlo Voter, on Jun 16, 2010 at 10:27 am | 4 comments | 1639 Views
MENLO PARKSun campus won't be reassessed
The Sun Microsystems campus in Menlo Park won't be reassessed, despite the fact that the company has changed hands, the city...Original post made on Jun. 15, 2010
Last comment by A non moose, on Jun 16, 2010 at 8:47 am | 16 comments | 2129 Views
MENLO PARKEditorial: Squeezing the Gateway project
With their last-minute, misguided effort to grab a share in the profits of the Menlo Gateway development for the city, Menlo...Original post made on Jun. 16, 2010
Last comment by Hank Lawrence, on Jun 16, 2010 at 6:56 am | 1 comment | 1527 Views
MENLO PARKPlan for medical marijuana clinic near Atherton abandoned
Responding to neighborhood concerns, an Atherton resident who had planned to open a nonprofit medical marijuana clinic on...Original post made on Jun. 16, 2010
There are no comments yet. 1741 Views
MENLO PARKWhat is the reponsibility of a citizen? II
On the one hand Peter Carpenter objects to citizens who suggest that only residents of a defined community have the "right'...Original post made by John Milton on Jun. 14, 2010
Last comment by Peter Carpenter, on Jun 16, 2010 at 5:51 am | 8 comments | 2240 Views
ATHERTONAtherton pays $619,000 in John Johns case
The town of Atherton paid a total of about $393,200 in attorney fees to investigate former finance director John Johns, and...Original post made on Jun. 15, 2010
Last comment by Ed, on Jun 16, 2010 at 12:00 am | 3 comments | 2129 Views
Dropping naps
By Cheryl Bac | 0 comments | 10,474 views
Taboo Topics
By Chandrama Anderson | 0 comments | 938 views
Death by Diet
By Laura Stec | 1 comment | 427 views
I am Voting Yes on Measure B the Sales Tax for Transaportation
By Steve Levy | 2 comments | 393 views


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On today's show Ryan mentioned Bono's recent speech to a Senate subcommittee where he proposed using comedy to aid the fight against ISIS. Here the clip!
Live news, sports, weather and traffic from the country's most listened to show on radio.
Wil van Gemert, Deputy Director of Operations for Europol, discusses the threat of terrorism in the EU from ISIS
During the week the British Parliament voted for air strikes in Syria, Marian is joined in studio by retired Brigadier General Gerard Aherne, Senior Adviser in International Conflict at Kennedy Institute at Maynooth ...
Live news, sports, weather and traffic from the country's most listened to show on radio.
Margaret Gilmore, security expert with the Royal United Services Institute, examines what intelligence may be behind the Brussels security alert
Tony Connelly, Europe Editor in Paris, brings us the latest from a city which has witnessed several days of unprecedented violence
Borzou Daragahi, Middle East correspondent with BuzzFeed, gives his thoughts on the latest developments concerning ISIS terrorists
Irishwoman Katie Healy, whose boyfriend was shot in the attack on the Bataclan, has spoken exclusively to RTE News.


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Columbia Trail Drier Windbreaker Jacket - Men's
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
When you're huffing it up the trail and the winds begin to howl, pull on the hood of your Columbia Men's Trail Drier Windbreaker Jacket, and keep on truckin'. The advanced Omni-Wick EVAP shell fabric quickly transfers sweat away from your skin, keeping you dry from the inside out. After the weather passes, stuff the Trail Drier into its own small hand pocket, toss it into your pack, and finish your trek in the sunshine.
- Backcountry.com
CLOSEOUTS . Speed hikers and backpackers will appreciate the breathable, packable design of Columbia Sportswearand#39;s Trail Drier windbreaker. The 30 denier ripstop shell features Omni-Wickand#174; EVAP technology that keeps you drier during intense activity. Available Colors: BLACK, CYBER GREEN/SHARK. Sizes: L, M, S, XL, 2XL.
- Sierra Trading Post
Columbia Men's Trail Drier Windbreaker Jacket
previously retailed for:
$24.95 - $90.00
$24.95 - $90.00
The Columbia Men's Trail Drier Windbreaker Jacket is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen February 22, 2016 at Backcountry.com.
If you're looking for a new wind shirt, check out the best reviewed current models.


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Phone :(716) 878-3005
Annual fall ceremony recognizing SUNY Buffalo State recipients of SUNY Chancellor's and President's Awards for Excellence and acknowledging faculty and staff for certain other recognitions received in the previous year. The campus community is invited to participate. A reception immediately follows.For more information, please visit the Faculty and Staff Recognition Ceremony web page.
SUNY Buffalo State | 1300 Elmwood Avenue | Buffalo, NY 14222 | (716) 878-4000


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UPDATE: GM has contacted Motor Trend and refuted its report. Loose lips sink ships — or at the very least, they occasionally reveal future product plans. It appears official confirmation that the GMC Granite is destined for production may have emerged this afternoon at General Motors' official business meeting.
Motor Trend says GM North America Vice President Tom Stephens indicated today that the Granite will indeed make the jump from show car to production vehicle. We aren't stunned by the news (rumors of an unusually small GMC offering have been floating around for quite some time now), but we're encouraged to hear it, seeing as the Granite was one of our favorite vehicles at the 2010 Detroit auto show.
Expect a production Granite to be built upon a modified form of GM's Delta II platform, which also underpins the Chevrolet Volt and Cruze. Power will likely come from the Cruze's 1.4-liter turbocharged I-4, albeit it's suggested the blown four-cylinder may be paired with a new six-speed dual clutch transmission.
The biggest question, however, lies with those rear-hinged side doors, which do without a fixed B-pillar. GM engineers are still working on how to affordably incorporate such a design into a small vehicle and still meet crash standards. We wouldn't be surprised to see Granite launch without the trick doors.
Source: Motor Trend


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Posted on September 6, 2010 in Misc » Others
Size: 539.3 MB , Seeds: 0 , Peers: 0 ( Updated November 28, 2015 - Refresh )
* Download via Magnet Link , * To download files you need a Bittorrent Client , * How to download torrents from Bit Torrent Scene?
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Hunter Zoey Oneill
Mon September 06, 2010
Today Hunter went to the park to check out some Tennis programs and practice with his hot little trailer. But after she a little occupied he had nothing else to do but leave. On the way to the car Hunter spots Zoei sitting at the bench by the lake and What can i say... Zoei had to have one of the sickest bodies to ever be featured. Zoeis ass and thighs was fucking ridiculous. Out of this world and truly a sight to see. This was truly a MILF my friends and a woman in every sense of the word. She was a bit timid at first but after Hunter had a shot at her she really loosened up and let it all go. After a little small talk Hunter decided to take things back to his place and really have a taste of what Zoei had to offer. Let me tell you... HUNTER was fucking PLEASED!!!
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Hold down Control (PC) or Command (Mac) key + mouseclick to select more than one option
Posted by carol on 2013-05-01
I have recently started ordering from 7 Grain and Bean on Seamless.com and am impressed with the quality, price, and speed of delivery. Definitely my go-to place.
Posted by tg on 2013-04-24
Great new place, want them to come back onto Seamless. The food is excellent and different than any place else so you don't get bored. I hope they are able to come back on Seamless because otherwise I can't order from them when at work!!
Posted by Noname on 2013-01-17
I am always a skeptic when it comes to health food places but this one is amazing. The food is healthy and is really flavorful. I ordered the chicken, whole wheat couscous, kale and the sesame tofu appetizer. You certainly get a lot of food for the pric
Posted by anonymous on 2013-01-08
I took a chance ordering from a new restaurant that I had never been to or yet heard about, and I am so completely impressed with the result. 7 Green and Grain absolutely came through on a healthy, delicious lunch. I am only in to my 5th bite of the bro


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12 years of experience
Merced, CA 95340 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. David Barabe:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Write a Review
Prepare before visiting Dr. Barabe
Home Allergies Patient Education Learn all about home allergies and symptoms of mold, pet, dust and other types of indoor allergy issues with Vitals patient education guide.Before Visiting Dr. Barabe Learn More
Specialties & Research
Dr. David Barabe, MD is board certified in Family Medicine.
- He has special expertise in 1 area:
- Pain
Education & Awards
Dr. Barabe graduated from St. George's University, Bay Shore.
Dr. Barabe has 3 hospital affiliations:
- Emanuel Medical Center
- Mercy Medical Center, Merced - Community Campus
- Mercy Medical Center Merced
- Spanish
- English
Similar doctors nearby
Dr. Chun Chang
Dr. Robert Streeter
Dr. Lasley Xiong
Dr. Lesley Xiong
Dr. Khaled Diab
Dr. Grace Marania
- Additional Information
- Dr. David Nicholas Barabe MD is a male Family Practitioner, has 12 years of experience and practices in Family Medicine.
- Where does Dr. David N. Barabe practice?
- Dr. David Barabe has 2 office locations.
Dr. David Barabe practices Family Medicine near Merced, CA.
See Merced Family Physicians.


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Herrick RL Estate - Brentwood, NY - Phone: (631) 273-9200
Business brokers in Brentwood are professionals who guide in the buying and selling of trades. The prime value of a business broker is to work as a shield between the consumer and the retailer. The brokers earn their money during the negotiating period. They actually assist both the parties to stay focused on the crucial objective and smooth over complications. Business brokers in Brentwood also act as transaction brokers. A transaction broker does not follow any specific party as an agent, but works to expedite the transaction and deals with both the buyer and seller on the same level of trust.
PSEG Long Island Helps Customers Go Green and Save Green
Energy Efficiency Programs Save Customers Millions of Dollars (Long Island, NY) PSEG Long Island announced today that customers participating in energy efficiency programs in 2015 will save more than $60 million and 307,582,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) per year. The amount of energy saved is good for the environment, too, as it results in the elimination of the carbon dioxide..


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Jul 23
Oct 19
1123 N. Vine St. Los Angeles, CA 90038 On the NW corner of Santa Monica Blvd and Vine St.
Sounds Like: Beastie Boys, The Chemical Brothers, Atmosphere, A Tribe Called Quest, Linkin Park
Label: dh6 productions
Bio: CHECK OUT THE WORLD OF THE THOUSANDS..."Every day, starting today, things will be different."
The Thousands are a versatile and engaging hip-hop combo from Los Angeles via Oklahoma City. Their first two albums are viewed by fans as some of the most compelling and progress...See Full Bio


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NU-TIRE is a clear coat that gives tires a deep, rich shine for that "brand new" look and lasts up to one year!
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Two men were killed in a head-on collision north of Amarillo Saturday morning.
John Lorton, 51, and Nicholaus Bryon Diaz, 19, both of Amarillo, died at the scene of the head-on collision about one mile north of Amarillo on U.S. Highway 87 at 5:50 a.m., a Department of Public Safety spokesman said.
Diaz, driving a 1993 Plymouth van north in the southbound lane, collided with Lorton, who was driving a 1998 Dodge pickup south in the southbound lane. Both men died at the scene, the spokesman said.
Lorton, an employee of the Amarillo Globe-News circulation department, was district manager in the state area. Lorton was returning to Amarillo after delivering a route in Oklahoma.
Diaz's body was sent to the Lubbock County Medical Examiner's Office, the spokesman said.
No other information was available Saturday.
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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Greetings...and Help
Hi all!
I am a possible new owner of a 1991 Jeep Wrangler. My relative had the jeep sitting in her garage for the past 5 years basically collecting dust. After my persistence she gave in :punk:
Pros: Other than a small dent on the back left fender, the body is straight and free of scratches. The original red paint still shines like new! Seats are clean and in overall good condition. Tires have plenty of tread but rubber is cracking. The jeep only has 133,000 miles on it!
Cons: It's still in her garage because the car won't start:facepalm: All the lights come on when the key is in the ignition which leads me to believe the battery is ok. When I turn the key the engine struggles to turn over. I tried jumping it with no success. I was told the car started up fine 6 months ago and was driven to the beach and back with no problem.
I think I remember someone once saying that there was a kind of spray that can be used to help a car start that has been sitting for a while..?? Am I totally stoned?? or does this sound true?
Any help would be greatly appreciated!
I would start by getting all the old fuel flushed out and go fresh
Welcome to the Forum
X2 on the fluids along with filters.
Also keep in mind that just because a battery is strong enough to power your guages and lights it does not mean that it has the power to actually start.
Try posting your question in the builder's section of the forum for additional suggestions.
welcome to wf! and I would still check the battery...doesn't mean that isn't the issue just because lights turn on
Welcome Aboard! :wavey: Replace the battery my friend.
:wavey: welcome dlee3!
Welcome and enjoy the forum!
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Annecy Pedestal Set of 3 Black Set of Three
Maclaren Nesting Table Set Black Set of Three
Cortona Pedestal Table Autumn Cherry
Victoriana Corner Pedestal Table Natural Cherry
Aruza Accent Table Classic Cherry
5 Stars Lover of things growing.
Dori Fran from MN wrote (October 03, 2014):
I am a plant person and I have been looking at these plant stands online for a long time and I finally ordered them. Very classy. I love them. They arrived in jig time also.


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Fleischmann Planetarium and Science Center at the University of Nevada, Reno hosts several breathtaking immersive theater experiences this summer through Sept. 2.
As a science education resource, many of the Planetarium's entertaining shows also correlate with Nevada Department of Education Science Standards. Full-dome digital planetarium shows are open to all ages. Show admission is free for Planetarium members; museum admission is free for all. Show tickets: free for planetarium members or $7 adult/$5 children ages 3-12 and seniors 60 and over. Museum admission is free for all. A discount may be available for the second show in a daily double feature. Call the Fleischmann Planetarium at 775-784-4812 or visit http://www.planetarium.unr.edu for program and membership details.
Join the quest for other planets in Extreme Planets, a tour of extreme environments from molten landscapes to habitable moons and planets with multiple suns. Accompanying Extreme Planets is Starlight Express, featuring current space news!
Planetarium showtimes: Daily at 12 noon, 2, 4 and 6 p.m.
Show tickets: Free for Planetarium members or $7 adult/$5 children ages 3-12 and seniors 60 and over. Museum admission is free for all. A discount may be available for the second show in a daily double feature.
Two Small Pieces of Glass and Universe, a special two-film showing, includes the full-dome digital planetarium show Two Small Pieces of Glass, offering a stunning historical chronicle — from Galileo's simple telescope developed 400 years ago to the latest discoveries in space — including interviews with the world's leading astrophysicists. The accompanying show Universe presents a vision of the sky through the ages, and more recently through the eyes of science, including ancient sites where our ancestors built great structures with special astronomical significance.
Planetarium showtimes: Daily at 1, 3 and 5 p.m.; plus additional showings Fridays and Saturdays at 7 p.m.
With amazing sound effects by George Lucas' Skywalker Sound, the Starship Intrepid travels through hyperspace in Attack of the Space Pirates, where you and its crew will put real science into science fiction and solve numerous challenges along the way. Find an alien technology and defend against the space pirates!
Planetarium showtimes: Daily at 11 a.m.
Dark Side of the Moon, Pink Floyd's legendary rock masterpiece, is presented in a full-dome music and light show by Starlight Productions with stunning HD animation and mind-blowing surround sound! Please note: mature lyrics/themes.
Planetarium showtimes: Fridays and Saturdays at 8 p.m.
What's happening in the sky this month? The SkyTonight Star Talk with staff and guest astronomers at the Fleischmann Planetarium answers that question in an informal and entertaining immersive multimedia presentation aided by state-of-the-art technology. The talk at the Planetarium on campus is followed by free telescope viewing (weather permitting) at the MacLean Observatory on the Redfield Campus in south Reno.
Planetarium showtimes: First Friday of each month at 6 p.m.
Free telescope viewing every Friday at Redfield Campus! The Fleischmann Planetarium now hosts free telescope viewing every Friday, after dark (weather permitting) at the MacLean Observatory on the Redfield Campus at 18600 Wedge Parkway, Reno (in south Reno off the Mount Rose Highway).
Weekly viewing schedule: Fridays after dark, weather permitting
Tickets: FREE for all community members. Call (775) 784-4812 for details or visit http://www.planetarium.unr.edu<http://www.planetarium.unr.edu/> .
Built in 1964, the Fleischmann Planetarium and Science Center on the University of Nevada, Reno campus was the first planetarium in the world to project full-dome movies, and is currently one of the first of a handful of planetariums around the world to utilize the Spitz SciDome digital projector, a high-resolution, state-of-the-art immersive visualization tool. The projector is also adaptable to a number of disciplines and uses, supporting collaborations among the planetarium, other University departments and programs, and community organizations. The planetarium's uniquely shaped building was designed by famed Reno architect Ray Hellman and is listed on the National Register of Historic Buildings. Fleischmann Planetarium serves more than 40,000 visitors a year, including hundreds of school field trips that introduce students, K-12, to the wonders of the universe.


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The Super Bowl not only features a matchup of terrific quarterbacks but also a pair of shrewd coaches who know how to get the most out of their players.
The Pittsburgh Steelers' Mike Tomlin is trying to become the youngest head coach to win two Super Bowls while Green Bay's Mike McCarthy is in his first Super Bowl in his fifth season as head coach of the Packers.
"I have always dreamed about championships," McCarthy said last week.
"I have had the opportunity to be in the National Football League since 1993 and this is definitely the goal.
"To bring this trophy back home is something that we all think about as a football team and organisation on a daily basis."
Two of the NFL's most storied franchises, the Steelers and Packers, square off in Super Bowl 45 tomorrow at Cowboys Stadium.
Organisers made the decision to keep the retractable roof on Cowboys Stadium closed weeks ago but it looks like an even smarter move after Dallas was hammered with back-to-back winter storms which brought ice and bone-chilling winds then dumped 15 centimetres of snow overnight Friday.
Getty Images photographer Win McNamee suffered a broken left shoulder was one of six people taken to hospital when ice and snow rained down from the roof.
"Honestly while it was hitting me, I was thinking I'm going to die here," McNamee told The Dallas Morning News.
"I covered a war, I covered the stuff in Haiti last year. You always figure if something is going to happen it would be in one of those places - not at a football game."
Tomlin, who turns 39 next month, became the youngest coach to win a Super Bowl when he led the Steelers to a 27-23 win over Arizona in Super Bowl 43. He is one of only seven coaches in NFL history to win a Super Bowl in his first two seasons as coach.
Tomlin is young enough to relate to the younger players and mature and wise enough to listen to the veterans.
"We are all getting a little antsy and getting ready to play," Tomlin said before the Steelers practised on Friday. "We are putting the finishing touches on our plans here in a couple of hours. We are working on situational football, third downs, red zone, short yardage and goal line."
McCarthy said both teams have stingy defences which would be one of the keys to victory on Sunday.
"I look for the defences to impact this football game more than they did last year's game," McCarthy said. "These games have all the potential in the world for big plays but we are more focussed on staying true to the little things, the fundamentals that brought us here.
"We are going to play as wide open as we need to, as smash-mouth as we need to."
Sunday's game marks the first Super Bowl meeting between the Steelers and Packers, who have 13 appearances in the showpiece between them.
The Steelers are making their eighth all-time appearance in the Super Bowl and third in the last six years. Their six Super Bowl wins are the most in NFL history.
The Packers have won the Super Bowl three times and boast the league's best overall post-season winning percentage at .636, edging out the second place Steelers who have a .635 playoff winning record.
Organisers are expecting a record Super Bowl crowd, breaking the current attendance mark for a Super Bowl of 103,667 when Washington beat Miami in 1983 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.


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Excellent guitarist/songwriter/vocalist. Great ability in all of those fields. Has covered chopin's fantasie impromptu on guitar.
He is cool.
dodane przez Daniel czerwiec 28, 2004
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Bumble foot is an ailment common in older guineapigs that occurs when the foot pad becomes infected with a bacteria or fungus and swells causing the animal pain, a grossly swollen foot, a club foot with nails bent sideways, and a slow death from blood poisoning (sepsis) in advanced stages. Cage flooring and wet bedding are usual causes for the intial onset; treatment options are very limited usually without success. Bumble foot causes the animal to bumble (walk akwardly) when walking. This condition could also descibe humans or other animals with a similar condition.
My guinea pig, Sakura Chan, at age six developed bumble foot, but lived nearly a year after developing the condition; poor baby, I miss her.
dodane przez Dr. Tanuki maj 24, 2007


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Want to hear diverse perspectives on hot topics for educators such as why technology is transforming education and how students are guiding their own learning? Tune in to #GoogleEduOnAir on May 8th to learn from actor, author, education advocate, and host of Reading Rainbow LeVar Burton and Google Senior Vice President of People Operations Laszlo Bock to name a few! http://goo.gl/7hgYDV
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Lawyers usually respond in 24 hours.
A lawyer will call you within 15 minutes.
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
while working I fell through a board that was on the ground at a customer's premises.
the board was covering a 30-40 foot sewer with at least 6 feet of sewage water etc. As I stepped on it it must have been rotten caused it cracked and i fell 30-40 feet.
I was not badly injured, but did hurt my back and was treated by the company doctor for a couple of weeks and sent back to light duty. I smelled like sewage for a week and my wife and family did not want to get close to me afraid I had different bacteria on me. my baby was sent to his grandmother's cause my wife didnt want me holding him because of the bacteria in sewage water. I just want to know if I have a case to sue the premise owner who was a municipal water district. Please advise.
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Personal Injury Lawyer
You need to speak with an experienced personal injury attorney ASAP because the owner of the premises is a municipality and there are governmental notice requirements that can bar your right to file a lawsuit if the requirements are not followed in every way.
That said, I am not licensed in Texas but in many states the worker's comp. carrier has a right of subrogation in third party cases, meaning they can recover all the money they paid you. Thus, your potential third-party case must have adequate damages to pursue. From the facts provided an attorney may not view this as a matter they want to proceed with given your lack of (luckily) permanent injuries. The fact that you smelled for 1 week does not translate into damages that would be enough to overcome the worker's comp. lien and your attorney's fees.
Personal Injury Lawyer
You may indeed have a claim against the third party. However, since it's a municipality there may be some limitations as to how much and for what you can recover. I would be glad to discuss this with you, explain the claims process and answer any questions you may have. 512-472-8318 or email@example.com
Immigration Attorney
First, I am sorry that you were injured. It's clear that you suffered as a result of someone else's negligence. You do have a right to bring a claim against the district for negligence -- as a governmental entity there are notice requirements and caps on damages (all due to tort reform). If you are interested in speaking with me or hiring our Legal Team to assist you with this claim, feel free to contact me. 210-224-2200.
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BKD is probably one of the most overvalued stocks out there... TIME TO RING THE REGISTER AND WALK AWAY WITH THE PROFITS.Got in at $4 share, I was hoping for $0.50 gain on my $200K investment and got 4 times that... and for no apparent reason.This is why I'm pulling the plug right now:BKD's debt to total capital ratio, at 72.66% will bring it to it's knees. The company's Quick ratio has a value of 0.43 which shows that there are not enough liquid assets to satisfy current liabilities in the event that operating earnings are unable to.BKD does a consistently below average job compared to the other companies in the Healthcare Facilities industry, with a Return on Assets, Revenues Per Employee, and Return on Equity of (8.06%), $86,849.28, and (31.36%) respectively, the company is by all measures doing an ineffective job relative to it's industry peers.BKD is losing money on an operating basis and has a poor profitability characteristics in comparison to its Healthcare Facilities industry peers. It does a worse job converting revenues to profits on an operating and net margin basis.By all means this is a strong sell. Get out James.RgdsFlyingblind2
I bet you wish you had WAITED before you "pulled the plug"!! He-he
you're an idiot. Maybe a $200 investment.lololol
Those elementary school ratios mean nothing, this company is restructuring.board of directors are privy to the books, they are buying. see form 4's.. would not be surprised to see a debt equity swap and the stock higher.
Are they still buying back the stock in that buy back program or did they end that already?
Fortress disagrees with you
We'll have to wait and see. Fundamentals will play a role sooner or later, gravity will win. Has fortress look at their balance sheet? cash flow? income statement?... probably not; Rgds.


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Radio technology news updated as it happens.
here to view the Currents Online archive.
Click here to receive the Currents Online Weekly
| Business | People |
Internet Watch | Products
Washington – Aug 20, 2003 - FCC Chairman Michael K. Powell has
announced a series of initiatives to enhance localism among radio and
TV broadcasters. A Localism Task Force will gather information on
broadcast localism and advise the Commission on concrete steps that can
be taken to promote localism.
Powell stated that he would shortly open a settlement window for
low-power FM applications. Also, the Commission will waive its
processing rules to permit mutually exclusive applicants to use all
available frequencies to resolve conflicts and gain new station
licenses. This settlement window will permit resolution of hundreds of
pending conflicting applications. These stations will then be able to
construct facilities and begin broadcasting.
In September, the staff will deliver to the Commissioners a proposed
Notice of Inquiry (NOI) on localism. The NOI will seek comment on a
wide range of FCC rules and procedures aimed at promoting localism. The
NOI will ask whether various localism-based rules continue to work
effectively and whether they should be changed or supplemented. The
inquiry is also expected to address areas such as license renewals and
network-affiliate rules, as well as newer localism issues such as
voice-tracking on radio.
Washington - Aug 14, 2003 - The FCC has revised and approved several
forms for broadcasters. The forms are:
- Application for Construction Permit for Commercial Broadcast
Station (July 2003 Edition)
- Application for Consent to Assignment of Broadcast Station
Construction Permit or License (July 2003 Edition)
- Application for Consent to Transfer Control of Entity Holding
Broadcast Station Construction Permit or License (July 2003
The approval of the forms was entered into the Federal Register
on Aug. 14 and are effective immediately. They are now available and
may be accessed through the Media Bureau's Consolidated Database
System (CDBS). This system enables the public to complete and file
these forms via the Internet from the Media Bureau's website at
www.fcc.gov/mb/elecfile.html. Electronic filing is
mandatory for these three forms. All previous editions of FCC Forms
301, 314 and 315 are obsolete and may not be used.
New York - Aug 12, 2003 – Interep, an independent advertising
sales and marketing company, released the results of a study designed
to see whether there were any significant changes in radio listening
patterns during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The time frame covered the
first six months of 2003 and included Phase Three (March 2003) of
Winter and Phase One (April 2003) of the Spring Arbitron surveys.
According to the study, radio continues to be a destination medium
where Americans turn in times of national emergency. News and talk
stations in the top 10 markets were studied for the survey.
The data revealed that there was a surge in average quarter-hour
listening to news/talk stations during March and April of this year
among 25 to 54 year old people. 12+ listening also increased during
these two months but to a slightly lesser degree. Overall, radio
listening increased by 29 percent in these two months.
The stations that were reviewed for the survey were:
Washington - Aug 11, 2003 - The Commission has extended the reply
comment period on radio market definitions by 30 days, making Oct. 6
the new deadline.
In its Report and Order, the Commission replaced its current
contour-overlap methodology for defining radio markets with a
geographic market approach in areas where such markets have been
defined by Arbitron. These Metro markets are used to determine
compliance with the local radio ownership rule. The Commission also
initiated this proceeding to define radio markets for areas not covered
by Metro markets. Until a new definition is developed, the Commission
will continue to use a contour-overlap methodology in non-metro
markets. The goal of the proceeding is to generate a map or a list of
markets for radio stations across the country.
The National Association of Broadcasters and Saga Communications filed
a joint motion asking the Commission to extend the comment and reply
comment deadlines to Oct. 20, 2003, and Nov. 19, 2003, respectively.
The petitioners assert that they need additional time to assess the
impact of the options suggested by the Commission, as well as to
attempt to develop a market definition specific to radio. The NAB has
contracted with a consultant to study the Commission's options,
and requests additional time to accumulate and review the data. The
petitioners also argue that additional time is needed for the
NAB's radio task force and Radio Board to act, and for staff to
prepare comments reflecting the board's decisions.
As a compromise, the FCC has granted a brief extension of the filing
deadlines. The new deadline for comments is Oct. 6, 2003. The new
deadline for replies is Oct. 21, 2003.
Columbia, MD, and Warren, NJ – Aug 12, 2003 – Ibiquity
Digital has revised the codec it will use for its IBOC digital radio
system, which has been branded HD Radio. The new codec, called HDC, was
developed jointly with strategic partner Coding Technologies. HDC has
been customized for the demands of terrestrial IBOC AM and FM. Part of
HDC is Coding Technologies' Spectral Band Replication (SBR),
which was designed to enable high audio quality at extremely low
Robert J. Struble, president of Ibiquity Digital said, "We've been
working behind the scenes for quite some time on HDC and believe all of
our commercialization partners will be thrilled with the audio quality
of HD Radio. With the incorporation of HDC, our expectations are for a
faster rollout amongst radio stations and receiver
Ibiquity recently came under fire when the National Radio Systems
Committee ceased it evaluation of the IBOC technology pending a review
and improvement for the audio encoder. In a private preview with NPR
engineers in early August, one NPR engineer reported that the audio
quality of the demonstation, which is assumed to have been HDC, was
markedly better.
"The improvement in audio quality on AM is spectacular with the HDC
codec and there is improvement in FM quality as well," said Milford
Smith, chairman of the NRSC DAB subcommittee. "Several months ago, the
NRSC steering committee suspended the standard setting process for IBOC
digital radio and requested that Ibiquity find an effective solution to
address our concerns. In my opinion, they have found that solution.
Working in conjunction with my colleagues on the steering committee of
the NRSC DAB subcommittee and its sponsoring organizations, we will
give very serious consideration to resuming the standards setting
Coding Technologies has applied its experience with low bit-rate
encoding to other recognized products. The "PRO" in mp3PRO and the
"Plus" in aacPlus are functions of the company's SBE technology. SBR is
also part of the Digital Radio Mondiale system.
Click here to receive the Radio
magazine Currents Online Weekly E-mail.
Burlington, VT, and Miami, FL – Aug 18, 2003 –
Realcoverage.com, a division of CMBE, now offers Audemat-Aztec
field-strength monitoring equipment for rental to radio stations.
Audemat-Aztec measurement systems are used to document station's signal
performance through drive-around campaigns. The data can be analyzed
later and overlayed onto maps such as those offered by
Realcoverage.com rents the Audemat FM-MC4 for a week at a time and
provides all the equipment and software needed to measure the coverage
of FM stations. Other Audemat-Aztec products are available as well for
purchase or rental.
Contact Realcoverage at 802-758-5000, email@example.com, or www.REALcoverage.com.
Minneapolis - Aug 15, 2003 - Video Equipment Rentals (VER) has
purchased a large inventory of Telex Pro Audio Group products from the
EV, Telex, RTS, Dynacord, Midas and Klark Teknik lines. VER, based in
Glendale, CA, has 12 offices nationwide.
The purchase includes equipment for live and concert sound use, as well
as more than 200 Electro-Voice RE-1 dual wireless systems, RTS two-wire
intercom units, Telex TR-825 dual-listen beltpacks, Dynacord Powermate
mixing consoles and Midas Venice and Legend mixing consoles.
Quincy, IL - Aug 13, 2003 - Broadcast Electronics will host another
IBOC seminar in Philadelphia on Wednesday, Oct. 1 just before the
convention floor opens for the NAB Radio Show. Broadcast Electronics
has conducted nearly 30 seminars around the country over the past two
years. The Philadelphia seminar will cover IBOC implementation,
installation and planning criteria as well as reports from stations
that have already made the transition.
The seminar will be conducted by the Broadcast Electronics engineering
and marketing departments. The seminar will be held at the Downtown
Courtyard by Marriott Hotel (21 North Juniper at City Hall) from 1:30
p.m. until 3:30 p.m. There is no charge, but reservations are required.
To register, email: email@example.com.
San Antonio, TX - Aug 10, 2003 - Clear Channel Radio is realigning
its radio regions and senior vice president team. Effective
immediately, Clear Channel Radio will add three new regions, Central,
Rocky Mountain and Northwest, bringing the total number to 10. Other
regions include Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Mid-South, Southeast, Delta,
Mid-West and TexiCali. The reorganization also results in changes
within the company's management team, including the addition of
three new senior vice presidents.
Raymond, ME - Aug 11, 2003 - Enhancing its radio broadcast services,
Dielectric is realigning its engineering and manufacturing radio
operations, adding new products for IBOC, introducing products and
services for AM broadcasters and adding of two sales leaders to the
radio sales team.
Dielectric is relocating all of its radio engineering and manufacturing
functions to Dielectric's facility in Newburgh, IN. Rex Niekamp
will be responsible for all radio and tower operations in his new role
as vice president, tower and radio operations. This centralized
location was chosen to provide faster delivery of products to either
coast. In addition, collocating the tower and radio operations will aid
in the coordination of the company's resources.
The near-term focus of the radio engineering staff in Newburgh will be
the development of additional products to support the needs of radio
broadcasters' transition to digital. By drawing on the expertise of the
TCI brand leadership team in the AM spectrum, the Dielectric will
develop a line of products and services for the domestic AM radio
To further support the radio broadcasters, Dielectric has chosen John
George of Lexington, SC, and Al Jason of Cameron Park, CA, to represent
Dielectric radio products and services.
George comes to Dielectric from Harris where he served as district
sales manager for the Southeast. He has previous experience with Audio
Broadcast Group and Continental Electronics in addition to local FM
station experience. George's territory will cover the states of
Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West
Virginia and the District of Columbia.
Jason will be responsible for the western territory including Alaska,
Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah,
Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South
Dakota, North Dakota and Hawaii. He brings to Dielectric more than 25
years of experience in the broadcast industry with Jampro, CMBE and
most recently ERI.
Washington – Aug 20, 2003 – Bryan Tramont is currently
serving as Powell's senior legal advisor, advising him on FCC agenda
and circulate issues, and specifically on wireless, international,
technology and consumer concerns. Before joining the FCC, Tramont was
an attorney with the law firm of Wiley Rein and Fielding. He also
clerked for the Honorable Duane Benton on the Supreme Court for his
home state of Missouri.
Tramont replaces Marsha MacBride, who had served in the position since
Powell became chairman in 2001, and who announced on Monday that she
was stepping down as chief of staff.
Middleton, WI - Aug 14, 2003 - Intelix, a U.S. manufacturer of audio
and video hardware and software, has added Amos Smith to its growing
sales network. Smith will serve as an Intelix inside sales engineer and
primary sales representative for Northern Wisconsin, Minnesota, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and most of
Smith is the newest addition to Intelix's sales representation
team approach, instituted in May 2003. Through the team approach,
design, sales and support are accomplished by a two-person team of
professionals who are familiar with every stage of the audio and video
installation. Smith will be working with Intelix applications engineer
Alan Grout.
Smith served as an account executive with The Tape Company and as a
national sales associate for design and sales with Full Compass
Duluth, GA – Aug 18, 2003 - Wegener has made key management
additions and changes to the company's sales, marketing and
engineering departments. The company has appointed Jay Batista to the
newly created position of vice president, corporate development.
Batista comes to Wegener from Harris Corporation's Broadcast
Communications Division where he led a sales and marketing team of four
sales directors and more than 60 sales people. In his new position
Batista is responsible for creating and implementing a new corporate
sales strategy.
Batista holds a BA from Miami University (Ohio), and an MA in broadcast
management from Ohio University. He has been a frequent speaker at
industry conferences on the subject of digital television.
Kamy Merithew joins Wegener as vice president, marketing. Merithew
comes from Motorola/General Instrument where she served as product line
manager for professional satellite video receivers used in the
broadcast and cable industries. Merithew holds a BS in general
engineering from Harvey Mudd College, and an MS in electrical
engineering from the University of California at San Diego.
Jeff Simyon has been named vice president, control systems engineering.
Simyon has managed Wegener's Compel Network Control Group. Simyon holds
a BSEE from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Winnipeg, MB - Aug 13, 2003 - OMT Technologies has hired Harold
Hermann as the company's director of business development. In this
role, he will be working closely with the sales and executive team to
develop new business opportunities. Hermann brings more than 17 years
of experience in software sales, customer service and strategy
Cincinnati - Aug 13, 2003 – Harris Corporation's
Broadcast Communications Division (BCD) has reorganized its North
American sales team. Harris stated that the changes were made to expand
its capabilities to serve customers. The sales force will be divided
into four sales teams: TV sales, radio sales, international sales and
enterprise solution sales. Sales representatives from Intraplex
Products and Harris Automation will be moving into these new teams to
better enhance each team's ability to offer solutions-driven
product packages to the transmission and media acquisition
Roland Eid will assume the title of director, radio sales. Eid will be
responsible for managing all continuing radio transmitter, systems and
resales activities for the call letter radio market. Eid joined BCD in
September 1993 and previously was the managing director, Harris
Broadcast Europe, ITIS Products. He replaces Virginia Lee Williams, who
has been appointed to the newly-created position of director,
enterprise solution sales. Williams will be responsible for managing
the sales efforts to non-call letter customers. She joined Harris in
January 2001.
Shawn Olsen will continue as director, TV sales, and Richard Frank as
director of international sales. Joseph Mack and Marty Frange will
remain as directors, national accounts.
Cincinnati - Aug 19, 2003 - The Harris Broadcast Communications
Division has begun shipping the DAX 5/6 AM radio transmitter. The DAX
transmitters are lower-power transmitters that have been designed
specifically for digital transmission, but are also suited for analog
The DAX AM uses a new modulation technique called Digital Adaptive
Modulation, which can reduce antenna load-induced distortion, resulting
in a cleaner analog signal and extended coverage in digital modes, such
as IBOC and DRM.
Sept. 28–29, Miami
Sept. 29–Oct. 1, Los Angeles
Oct. 12–14, Hartford, Conn.
Oct. 11-13, Middleton, Wis.
Alert FM Offers a Flood of Information
Bartle Joins Pandora as CMO
IAB Promotes Babcock
Telestream Vantage Certifies Archion Tech Products
ATSC 3.0 to Deliver Video for Mobile Alerts
Panasonic Integrates NewTek Connect Pro With IP Workflows
Datapath Offering New iolite Discreet Video Wall Controllers
Zylight Offers LED Lighting Options for Worship Facilities
Optoma Hires Strategically for ProAV Channel
TNT Orders John Wells Pilot 'Hinges'
Reports: Disney Eyes Twitter Buy
Move Over, 'Magnificent Seven': Debate Takes Over Big Screens