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Run the 40th Anniversary Thomas wolfe 8k
October 15,2016
The Thomas Wolfe 8k is Asheville's Oldest Race and honors the life of the famed literary author Thomas Wolfe. In his short life, the Asheville native was known for his short stories, works and novellas. The Thomas Wolfe 8k is a fundraiser for the Asheville Track Club and other literacy related nonprofits. This is Asheville's oldest and most prestigious running event. First run in 1976, the race will celebrate its 40th year in 2016! This beautiful autumn run/walk highlights many of Asheville's historic sites! Start at the Thomas Wolfe Memorial House and continue to run past his final resting place. Come on out and see why this race has become a deeply rooted Asheville tradition.
Train for the Thomas Wolfe 8k
Are you thinking about increasing your running distance to do an 8k? Are you looking for a group to train with? Well, Jus' Running has a program starting on August 1st that will get you ready for the Thomas Wolfe 8k on October 15th!
Here is the info flyer for more on this program. Or you can call the store at 828-252-7867 for more information.
ATC Group runs @ Urban Orchard Cider Co.
UPDATE: We will not have our Sunday group runs in July. It is too hot out right now. Please check back in August for updates. We will resume runs as soon as this unusually warm weather passes.
We have a weekly ATC group run starting from Urban Orchard every Sunday at 11 AM. Come out for this fun run and choose from a 3 or 6 mile run. All paces are welcome! After your run / walk, stay for a cider or two and snacks! Check our ATC Facebook page for more info. See you there!
If you are not already a member of the Asheville Track Club or if your membership has expired recently it's time to join or renew your membership TODAY. New members will enjoy being better connected to the Western North Carolina running and walking community and renewing members will ensure that they continue to enjoy their connection to the community as well as significant savings at many local merchants.
We offer online membership through Run Club Signup.com or you can send your paper membership application to the club.


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Best spot for wind turbinesFebruary 08,2013
Best spot for wind turbines
My fourth-grade class is studying about wind turbines. When I saw a picture on the computer of wind turbines on the mountains, I said, They dont look good up there! Then I said to my teacher, They should be on farms. She showed me John Sales letter to the editor in the Jan. 2 Times Argus. John Sales agreed with what I think.
I think turbines should be on farms, not near animals, but in cornfields or hayfields. John Sales wrote in The Times Argus, In a farmers field a turbine might displace a cow or one row of corn equivalent, but not much more. If we put turbines on mountains we are going to have to displace a lot of trees and lose air. If Vermont were to put more turbines in, I think they should be on Champlain Valley cornfields or hayfields. The Champlain Valley winds are as high as on the mountains, according to John Sales.
In my opinion, if Vermont were to keep on building turbines they should be on the Champlain Valley farms because there is about the same amount of winds and we dont have to cut down trees.
Ryan Crowningshield
The letter writer is in the fourth grade.MORE IN LettersElection-time letters to the papers often sound as though they were written by a machine, but... Full StoryOpposition to the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline has brought thousands of... Full StoryI am a Berlin School Board member and one of the three members from Berlin on the Act 46, 706B... Full Story
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Top Definition
A song that has no vocals.
by QWERTY April 11, 2005
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
Photos & Videos
Also known as beats, Instrumentals are music compositions without any lyrics.
Nick Rio makes incredible instrumentals!
by crystal23 March 29, 2010
An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics or singing, although it might include some non-articulate vocal input; the music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments.
question: Hey Randy why am i hearing a song but no one is singing ?
Answer: That's because it's Instrumentals silly
Answer: That's because it's Instrumentals silly
by composerlife November 29, 2011


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up cinema in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Cinema may refer to:
- Film, a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving image
- Film industry
- Filmmaking, the process of making a film
- Movie theater, a building in which films are shown
- Cinema (2008 film) or Bommalattam, a Tamil film
- Cinema (TV channel), a defunct Scandinavian movie-channel
- Cinema 4D, a 3D-graphics application
- Cinema (band), a 1982 band formed by ex-Yes members Alan White and Chris Squire
- Cinema (Andrea Bocelli album)
- Cinema (The Cat Empire album)
- Cinema (Elaine Paige album)
- Cinema (Karsh Kale album)
- Cinema (Nazareth album), or the title song
- Cinema, an album by Cachorro Grande
- Cinema, an album by Ian Campbell (artist) ICE MC, or the title song
- Cinema an album by Nazareth (band)
- Cinema an album by Rodrigo Leão
- "Cinema" (Yes song)
- "Cinéma" (Paola di Medico song), a song by Paola di Medico
- "Cinema" (Benny Benassi song)
See also[edit]
- Cinematography, the art of recording moving images
- Information Centre on Academic Mobility and Equivalence (CIMEA)
- Cinema, the preferred Canadian term for Film
- All pages beginning with "Cinema"
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cinema.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


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- Write a Review
A supercardioid capsule for the versatile Shure 181 mic.
The Shure Beta RPM181/S is a supercardioid capsule for the versatile Shure Beta 181 microphone. The Beta RPM181/S capsule is ideal for snare drums, acoustic instruments, and any other close-miking applications.
The Shure Beta 181 (sold separately) is a multipurpose instrument microphone and can be used on a wide variety of applications including guitars, bass and drums (overheads and snares). It has a small diaphragm design that provides superior audio with textbook polar responses in a form factor compact enough to get close to the source in the tightest conditions.
There are four different capsules available for the Beta 181 microphone: Cardioid (RPM181/C), Supercardioid (RPM181/S), Bi-directional (RPM181/BI), Omni-directional (RPM181/O). This makes the Beta 181 an extremely versatile and cost-effective mic that allows the user to interchange capsules according to the application. (Additional capsules sold separately).
- A supercardioid capsule for the Shure Beta 181 mic
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Expand the functionality of your Beta 181 mic.
RPM181/S Supercardioid Capsule for Beta 181
- Cartridge Type: Electret Condenser
- Polar Pattern: Supercardioid
- Frequency Response: 20 to 20,000 Hz
- Output Impedance: 110 Ω
- Sensitivity (open circuit voltage, @ 1 kHz, typical: -49.5 dBV/Pa (2.5 mV)
- Maximum SPL (1 kHz at 1% THD)
- 2500 Ω load: 154.5 dB SPL
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- Signal-to-Noise Ratio: 71.5 dB
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- Clipping Level @ 1 kHz, 1% THD:
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- Self Noise (equivalent SPL,A-weighted, typical): 22.5 dB SPL-A
- Common Mode Rejection (20 to 20,000 kHz): ±55 dB
- Polarity: Positive pressure on diaphragm produces positive voltage on pin 2 with respect to pin 3
- Power Requirements 11-52 V DC phantom power (IEC-61938): 2.4 mA, maximum
- Capsule width: 1.36" (34.54mm)
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


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Queensland Government to pull plug on IT
- From: The Courier-Mail
- February 11, 2013
THE State Government will outsource most of its IT functions after an alarming report warned it would cost up to $7 billion to repair outmoded systems at the mercy of hackers.
The report to Cabinet also identified massive waste with costs on some projects blowing out by more than 20 per cent.
Eight multimillion-dollar payroll systems will be rolled into one and some Queensland Government employees may be seconded to the private IT firms that win public tenders.
IT Minister Ros Bates said the system was a neglected "old clunker'' largely beyond repair.
"The estimated cost of repairs and upgrades to outmoded systems was estimated to be somewhere between $3.5 billion and $7 billion,'' she said.
"We don't have the money to do that. We will be going to the market seeking innovative solutions. Software, hardware and people may be outsourced.''
The changeover would take up to five years and it was too early to talk about the impact on jobs, Ms Bates said.
She said Suncorp had successfully outsourced its payroll system for 17,000 staff.
"They didn't try to build it, own it, run it, maintain it, patch it or upgrade it because they recognised it was not core business and there were better and smarter ways to do it.''
Ms Bates said the Queensland Government was currently spending $1.6 billion a year on ICT (information and communication technologies).
Some systems were at the point of collapse.
"Ninety per cent of what we are currently operating with will need replacing within five years,'' she said.
Ms Bates said modern thinking was that ICT didn't have to be owned by government but could be purchased like electricity or water.
"It is not something we can do overnight. It's a big ship and it is going to take some time to turn around,'' she said.
"There will be not one, but many submissions taken to Cabinet.''
Ms Bates is the first minister in Queensland to be given whole-of-government responsibility over IT.
She said previous governments had been blind to the problem because there was no one person with overarching responsibility for IT.
Late last year, The Sunday Mail revealed taxpayers were paying $15 million a year for lines and sockets in government departments for phones that did not exist.
And vital police, health and child safety records are vulnerable to hackers and viruses because software running 200,000 State Government computers has reached its use-by date.
At least 17 of 20 government departments face disruption from April 8, 2014, when Microsoft support for Windows XP expires.
Lead time to replace systems was two to five years, Ms Bates said.
"The average age of (state government) systems is 10 years,'' she said. "We effectively own an old and ageing ICT fleet.''
desmond.houghton@ news.com.au
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Comments on this story
DaveT of Toowong Posted at 8:30 AM February 11, 2013
"90% of what we operate will be replaced within the next 5 years"?!? Well hello Ms Bates, Welcome to IT!!! That is the norm when it comes to IT, with the majority of all IT systems requiring upgrades around the 4 year mark (4 years is the governement's own depreciation lifecycle for IT).


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26 years of experience
Accepting new patients
Video profile
Milwaukee, WI 53226 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Dr. Mary Eapen, BS, MBBS, MD is board certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology.
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Education & Awards
Dr. Eapen graduated from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. She has 1 awards.
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- Community Memorial Hospital of Menomonee Falls WI
- Froedtert Hospital
- English
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Mary Eapen BS, MBBS, and MD is a female Pediatrician, has 26 years of experience and practices in Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology.
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Dr. Mary Eapen practices Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology near Milwaukee, WI.
See Milwaukee Pediatricians and Milwaukee Oncologists.


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Best route map between Portland, OR and Canyonville, OR. This route take about 204 Miles.
The distance and estimated time is placed on the right depending on the status of the road.
, 22:26
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* Portland, OR weather as celsius: °C
* Canyonville, OR weather as celsius: °C
* Weather information on route, provide by Open Weather Map.
All Rights Reserved. © 2010 - 2016 About Feedback


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Welcome to Glock Talk
Why should YOU join our Glock forum?
- Converse with other Glock Enthusiasts
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If you consider yourself a beginner or an avid shooter, the Glock Talk community is your place to discuss self defense, concealed carry, reloading, target shooting, and all things Glock.
I'm interested in your opinions on these...
Discussion in 'Caliber Corner' started by OldArcher, Jun 17, 2010.


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WBALTV.com shows you the horses as they start the first leg of the 136th running of the Preakness Stakes at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Share Your Preakness Photos On u local
Images: Down The Stretch They Come!
Preakness Stakes At Pimlico Race CourseUPDATED 9:09 PM EDT May 21, 2011
Slideshow Central
CommentsThe views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Kory: This Device Can Charge Your Phone In 30 Seconds! Want It!Shut up and take my money!
President Obama Can't Have An iPhonePresident Obama confessed that he can't have an iPhone and is stuck with a Blackberry that only has 10 contacts.
Alicia Keys Dumps Her iPhone For New Job With BlackBerry
Free Apps To Help You Navigate Black Friday


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Check out this gorgeous black and white photo shoot starring the ravishing male model, John Kenney, captured by prolific lensman, Gregory Prescott.
Master lensman, Greg Vaughan, shares with us his newest muse. The ravishing male model, Will Hawkins.
The stunning Australian male model, Daniel Garofali, takes to the beach for a glorious photo session by photographer, Jeff Segenreich, featuring swimwear by 'Carioca Import'.
The beefy Canadian male model, Ben Todd, drop jaws in this stunning black and white photo session captured by the prolific lensman, Joem C. Bayawa, featuring underwear by Richard Dayhoff.
The stunning male model, Pietro Boselli, also known as 'The World's Hottest Math Teacher', poses with the newest underwear Fall 2015 collection for 'Simons' brand, magnificently captured by talented lensman, Isauro Cairo.
The gorgeous male model, Corey Mangan, drops by the studio of prolific photographer, Michael del Buono, for a striking photo session.
Check out this stunning black and white photo session by master lensman, Wong Sin, starring the gorgeous Brazilian male model, Alexsandro Duarte.
The ravishing male model, Franco Noriega, poses shirtless for MR Magazine Fall 2015 with an editorial entitled, "A Shore Thing".
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About 02159956 : I hope everyday is sunny day ^_^
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The current situation in Europe of Anti-Semitism and future prospects for Europe's Jewish communities will be debated at a conference hosted by EP President Martin Schulz and First Vice-President Antonio Tajani in Parliament's premises on Tuesday afternoon. Anti-Semitism and attacks against Jews in Europe have grown in recent years. (Read more: What future for the Jewish communities in Europe? )
Members of the Euro-Latin American parliamentary Assembly "expect and hope" that the "historic" peace agreement between the Government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) will be approved in the referendum to be held on 2 October. Once the deal is approved and the definitive and irreversible laying down of weapons is confirmed, they add, the FARC should be removed from the EU's list of terrorist organisations. (Read more: EuroLat "expects and hopes" Colombia will approve peace deal on 2 October )
With around 1.5 million refugees fleeing to Lebanon since the start of the war in Syria, it is clear that the situation in the country is untenable and that substantial help is needed to avoid a complete breakdown, not only in terms of financial assistance, but also through improved resettlement tools, says Civil Liberties Committee Chair Claude Moraes, who this week headed a delegation to Beirut. (Read more: MEPs in Lebanon: funding alone not enough, better resettlement tools needed )
Deepening the integration of the EU and Latin America is the best way to respond to common challenges, agreed parliamentarians from both sides of the Atlantic at the opening of the ninth plenary session of the Euro-Latin Parliamentary Assembly (EuroLat), on Tuesday in Montevideo (Uruguay). The economic situation, trade relations between the EU and Latin America and between both regions and China, managing migration flows and fighting terrorism are also on the agenda. (Read more: EuroLat opening: deeper EU-Latin integration needed to tackle common challenges )
A 7-strong delegation of Civil Liberties Committee MEPs will be in Lebanon this week to look into the situation of refugees and resettlement. MEPs will visit refugee camps and meet UNHCR, UNICEF, UNRWA, international NGOs and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) staff working with the refugees. They will also meet representatives of the Lebanese Parliament and Minister for Social Affairs Mr Rashed Derbas (tbc). (Read more: Refugee resettlement - Civil Liberties MEPs in Lebanon )
Managing global migration flows, trade relations between the EU and Latin American countries, and between both regions and China, plus the setting-up of an EU-CELAC Common Research Area, will be key agenda items at the ninth plenary session of the Euro-Latin American parliamentary Assembly (Eurolat) next week in Montevideo (Uruguay). (Read more: Ninth EuroLat plenary session: migration, trade and research )
EU countries must honour their pledges to accept refugees relocated from Greece and Italy, to relieve migratory pressure on these two "frontline" countries, and at the same time discourage irregular entries by opening up legal and safe routes to the EU, MEPs said on Thursday. (Read more: MEPs urge EU countries to take more asylum-seekers from Italy, Greece and Turkey )
As wildlife trafficking is now the fourth largest black market and endangers many species, the EU should help curb demand, inter alia with an EU-wide ban on trade in ivory, say MEPs in a resolution voted on Thursday. This sets out MEPs' priorities for the 17th Conference of Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, Johannesburg, 24 September–5 October), which the EU will attend for the first time as a party to the convention. (Read more: MEPs' priorities for safeguarding endangered species )
The European Parliament endorsed the candidature of Sir Julian King as Commissioner for the Security Union. He was nominated by the UK government after Lord Jonathan Hill resigned in the wake of the Brexit vote in June. (Read more: Parliament endorses Sir Julian King as Commissioner for Security Union )
An EU Commission proposal for a standard European travel document to speed up the return of non-EU nationals staying irregularly in EU member states without valid passports or identity cards was approved by Parliament on Thursday. A key aim for MEPs has been to strengthen the form's security features and technical safeguards, so as to promote its acceptance by third countries. To enter into force, the new regulation still needs to be formally approved by the Council of Ministers. (Read more: New European travel document to ease return of non-EU nationals )


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Electric Guitar
This model is based off of my two favorite PRS guitars. This SE holds up to both of those guitars as a players guitar that can take a beating. I put everything I am into this guitar and cant wait for you to hear it. - Zach Myers As the lead guitarist of a band that has sold more than 6 million albums, Zach Myers of Shinedown needs a quality guitar. PRS is happy to offer that same quality to you through the SE Zach Myers Model. Featuring three humbuckers with dual volume and dual tone controls, this guitar provides excellent playability and precision.
Top WoodBeveled Maple Top with Flame Maple Veneer (no veneer on opaque finishes)
Back WoodThick Mahogany
Number of Frets 22
Scale Length 25"
Neck Wood Mahogany
Fretboard Wood Ebony
Neck Shape Wide Fat
Fretboard Inlays Fleur-De-Lis at 12th Fret
Bridge TonePros Adjustable Stoptail
Tuners PRS Designed Tuners
Truss Rod Cover "ZM"
Hardware Type Nickel
Treble Pickup PRS Designed SE Treble Humbucker
Middle Pickup PRS Designed SE Bass Humbucker
Bass Pickup PRS Designed SE Bass Humbucker
Pickup Switching Two Volume and Two Tone Controls (clear knobs) with 3-Way Toggle On Upper Bout
Continue Shopping:Paul Reed Smith (PRS) Electric Guitars


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UNDOING WHAT IT got done in January 2009 under previous leadership, the Pennsylvania SPCA at the end of this year will no longer be the city dog-catcher, or run the city's animal shelter, which had been overseen by the Health Department, which is turning over supervision to the Managing Director's Office.
PSPCA will by replaced by an independent, city-related agency.
When the plan was revealed at a recent meeting of the city's Animal Advisory Committee, I wondered (aloud) if it could be titled, "Back to the PACCA," meaning the Philadelphia Animal Care and Control Association, which had the city animal-control contract from 2002 to 2008 before PSPCA snatched it.


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NFC West quarterbacks did some good things in Week 5.
Seattle's Russell Wilson completed all but one of his 10 pass attempts on third down during a 16-12 victory over Carolina. His third-down passer rating (130.8) led the NFL for the week among players with more than three third-down attempts.
Around the NFC West: Oct. 10, 2012
St. Louis' Sam Bradford wasn't as efficient, but he tossed two third-down scoring passes during a 17-3 victory over Arizona.
The Cardinals' Kevin Kolb, meanwhile, deserves some credit simply for making it through a game in which he took nine sacks.
Then there was the San Francisco 49ers' Alex Smith. His 303-yard passing effort during a 45-3 victory over Buffalo helped the 49ers set a single-game franchise record with 621 total yards. He completed 18 of 24 passes with three touchdowns, no turnovers and no sacks.
Smith leads the NFL in passer rating (108.7) and Total QBR (81.9) this season.
But as Albert Larcada of ESPN's analytics team notes, Smith hasn't necessarily produced that high QBR score by conventional means. His third-down metrics are below average, for instance.
"He is torching defenses on first and second downs with at least seven defenders in the box, posting a 96.3 QBR -– three points better than any other quarterback," Larcada wrote. "This is a marked improvement for Smith, who was not able to take advantage of run-preventing defenses in the past.
"A lot of his success on these plays has come by throwing the ball over the top of aggressive defenses. On throws at least 15 yards downfield in these situations, Smith is 10-for-16 with two touchdowns and no interceptions and is one of three QBs with a 100.0 QBR."
Larcada notes that Smith's metrics lag on third down and in clutch situations, defined as fourth quarters or overtimes when the score differential does not exceed eight points.
But when the 49ers needed Smith to convert third downs while protecting a fourth-quarter lead against Detroit, Smith completed 5 of 7 passes for one touchdown and four first downs. That included 3 of 4 passing for 34 yards and three first downs in third down.
If we select only situations the QBR metric considers above average for clutch weight -- meaning situations through the first five games when quarterback play was more critical -- the numbers favor Smith again. He has completed 29 of 42 passes for 411 yards with three touchdowns, no picks, two sacks and one rushing first down (89.0 QBR) in these higher-leverage situations.
It's tough to diminish what Smith has accomplished so far this season. I'll be back in a bit with a broader look at where the 49ers' offense (and other NFC West offenses) rank through five games.


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Walking down the aisle on July 3 at Old Glory Ranch in Wimberley, Texas, Fox News anchor Jenna Lee was anything but an emotional bride.
"At first I was worried I wouldn't be able to keep it together," the co-anchor of the show Happening Now tells PEOPLE. "But once the moment arrived, I didn't shed a single tear!"
Instead, the day was filled with laughter and applause, as Lee, 31, wearing a gown by Lazaro, exchanged Christian vows with Navy SEAL Leif Babin, 35, in front of 225 guests.
Following the ceremony, the two joined their guests for a Texas-inspired celebration that included the state's official bread Pan de Campo, as well as hamburgers, sliders, sweet potato fries with Habanero ketchup and an assortment of cupcakes for dessert.
The couple, who shared pink margaritas on their first date, also treated their guests to frozen pink margaritas from a margarita machine.
"One of the most fun parts of the night was to sit down on the stairs in my dress and watch everyone have such a great time," Lee says of the reception, which also featured lanterns hanging from trees.
A deejay kept the newlyweds and their guests dancing until midnight, when Lee and Babin were sent off in a 1946 Mercury convertible surrounded by their guests holding sparklers.
"Walking down the aisle to Leif is a dream come true," says Lee. Adds Babin: "From the moment I saw Jenna, I knew she was incredibly special."
Jenna Lee Marries Navy SEAL Leif Babin
Chris and Darcie Siiteri/Innovative Photography, Austin


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Funny Marriage Quotes and Sayings
I love being married. It's so great to find that one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your life.
– Rita Rudner
Marriage is like a jacuzzi, it's hot until you get used to it.
When a man goes down on his knees to ask a women to marry him, and she says yes, he remains on his knees forever.
Some people claim that marriage interferes with romance. There's no doubt about it. Anytime you have a romance, your wife is bound to interfere.
– Groucho Marx
Isn't it weird that before you have children, people warn you that they can be expensive and sometimes difficult? Why didn't I ever get warned about marriage?
Chinese proverb: Marriage is like a besieged fortress: those on the outside want in, and those on the inside want out.
Why all married men go to heaven?
Because they cannot be in hell twice.
Are you a man or a mouse? I'm a man if I was a mouse the wife would be frightened of me.
Marriage is a jail with out bail.
A woman before marriage is your very best friend, after marriage she's just a plain old' dog.
A married man is like a dead bird, his goose is cooked.
The four most important words in marriage are: "I'll do the dishes".
Pierre & Marysa
I never knew I had so many vices till I got married.
Mom: When I married you're father I had to put all my dreams on wait.
Daughter: Really what was you're dream.
Mom: To be single and childless.
A happy marriage is a balancing act between "Rocking" & "On the rocks".


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Business chiefs' fear over post-Brexit job losses
Business leaders are nervous about the impact of leaving the European Union amid fears that jobs and investment will suffer as a result of the referendum result.
Business leaders are nervous about the impact of leaving the European Union amid fears that jobs and investment will suffer as a result of the referendum result.
Some of the City's biggest hitters have delivered a withering critique of Theresa May's Brexit negotiations ahead of the 100 day anniversary of Britain's decision to quit the European Union.
Sainsbury's is forecast to report another dip in sales when it unveils second quarter results this week, with the City also looking for any further news of cost savings linked to its acquisition of Argos.
British Home Stores is to relaunch online, a month after the last of its high-street shops shut down.
British Home Stores is to relaunch online, a month after the last of its high-street shops shut down.
Britain's gender pay gap won't close until 2069 unless more women are encouraged to take up careers in industries such as science and engineering, a new report is warning.
Smart meters are likely to save individual consumers only a small amount of money on their energy bills and the Government needs to work harder to convince households of the true benefits of the rollout, according to a report.
US stock indexes closed moderately lower on Friday following three days of gains.
Sterling hit five-week lows on Friday, with renewed Brexit fears and a stronger US dollar taking a bite out of the pound.
The threat of strikes by easyJet pilots is being suspended while new proposals on tackling fatigue are considered.
Ryanair is hoping to attract new staff during a Belfast recruitment day in October.
Twitter shares soared over 18% on reports that tech giants including Google are circling the social media site.
A French court has reduced the amount rogue trader Jerome Kerviel must pay former employer Societe Generale in damages from 4.9 billion euro (£4.2 billion) to one million euro (£860,000).
Sainsbury's is forecast to report another dip in sales when it unveils second quarter results next week, with the City also looking for any further news of cost savings linked to its acquisition of Argos.
A cold war is in the offing after the Icelandic government confirmed that it is considering launching a lawsuit against British supermarket Iceland over its name.
The Co-operative Group said profits have been sliced in half as restructuring costs and investments in price cuts at its convenience stores and staff pay took their toll on the firm.
A group of restaurant properties is being put on the market after the owner of Italian diner-style chain Frankie & Benny's revealed it was shutting locations here, it can be revealed.
Hi-tech British industries have issued a warning over the impact of Brexit, claiming it is "silently killing" the country's technology sector.
A UK care home firm will create up to 45 jobs as part of a £300,000 revamp to its three most recently-acquired Northern Ireland homes.
More than 30 jobs have been saved in Omagh after Homebase's new owners told staff they would not close the town's branch of the DIY chain.
Northern Ireland's manufacturing sector is not witnessing the same Brexit bounce as the UK as a whole, it has been claimed.
A landmark international business park that could cost more than €250m (£214m) to build is being planned by developer Michael Howard at a site near Dublin Airport.
A Northern Ireland sweets distribution company has reported a 4% fall in turnover to £16.6m for 2015 in its latest accounts.
A key Bank of England policymaker has said that further economic stimulus is unnecessary as the effects of Brexit have been "less stormy" than expected.
Insurance market Lloyd's of London has said it is putting plans in place that will ensure it continues trading across Europe following Brexit, weeks after its chairman warned that the group could be forced to move parts of its business to the EU.
A Co Down property firm has bought a shopping centre in Scotland that was previously part of the controversial Project Eagle from vulture fund Cerberus.
Wholesale drinks company James E McCabe - part of one of Northern Ireland's biggest hospitality groups - has reported increased pre-tax profits and turnover for 2015.
Riverdance co-founder Moya Doherty has been honoured for her contribution to business and the economy at an event in Belfast.
Online shopping giant Amazon has been fined £65,000 after being found guilty of attempting to ship dangerous lithium ion batteries and flammable aerosols by air.
Billionaire Sports Direct founder Mike Ashley is to become chief executive of the retailer, taking the reins after long standing boss Dave Forsey resigned from the firm.
Three former Tesco executives have denied charges in relation to the £326m accounting scandal at the supermarket.
US stocks posted solid gains on Thursday as investors, comfortable that the Federal Reserve will keep interest rates low, bought up shares that pay big dividends.
The Yahoo data breach includes eight million user accounts in the UK, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) has said.
The EU is more dependent on Britain for its jobs than vice versa, a new report has found.
Less than one in 10 new pensioners are in danger of over-spending during their first year of retirement, research suggests.
Job openings in England's financial sector dropped over 10% following the Brexit vote, as concerns over UK passporting and access to the single market hit the jobs market.
EasyJet expects to have its busiest ever day on Friday with more than 255,000 passengers due to travel across its network.
Banks should shoulder more responsibility when customers lose their cash after being tricked by a scam into transferring money, Which? has urged.
Yahoo has confirmed personal data from 500 million accounts has been stolen in a massive security breach.
Bank of England Governor Mark Carney has warned that a premature move towards a climate-friendly, low-carbon economy could "materially damage financial stability".
The FTSE 100 soared to five-week highs as global markets cheered the US Federal Reserve's decision to hold interest rates.
The number of new homes begun under the Government's flagship Right to Buy scheme is lagging behind the amount needed to deliver its "one-for-one" promise, the latest figures suggest.
Home Secretary Amber Rudd has been warned she faces "serious questions" after leaked documents revealed that she used to be director of two offshore companies.
The European Union's executive body has been accused of failing to properly check the business interests of its top officials after leaked documents showed its former competition chief was a director an offshore company, which potentially created conflicts of interest.
Workplace pension savers are only putting away a fraction of what they are likely to need for their retirement, experts have warned.
Offshore workers have voted to accept a proposal ending an industrial dispute that led to the first North Sea strike of its kind in a generation.
A key Bank of England policymaker has said that further economic stimulus is unnecessary, given that the effects of Brexit have been "less stormy" than expected.
Advertising giant WPP has announced that it is investing in a French media firm as it ramps up growth in Europe following Britain's decision to leave the European Union.
Npower, Scottish Power and First Utility have fared worst in a bi-annual survey of customer service to record the highest proportion by far of "very dissatisfied" complainants.
There were further signs of a Brexit bounce in the economy as figures showed a robust performance from the manufacturing sector in September.
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Sunday Life
Northern Ireland
Video News
Northern Ireland
Video News
Sunday Life
Premier League
Northern Ireland


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The 45 Best Pictures Of Scared Bros At A Haunted House Of 2012
These hidden camera shots from Nightmares Fear Factory in Niagara Falls, CA are amazing. It's the return of the Scare-Bros!
45. And one scared Dad-bro for good measure:
Preview Your Response
In The News Today
- Donald Trump accused former Miss Universe Alicia Machado of being in a sex tape, calling her "disgusting." He's appeared in a softcore porn.
- The hair vitamins promoted by the Kardashians make "largely inaccurate" nutrient claims, according to lab tests.
- In a newly released video deposition, Trump implied he planned to call Mexicans "rapists" when he announced his presidential run.


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Dear Ms. Wilks, It's not often that I'm tempted to write a love letter to the author of a book. Oh, I've had my fair share of books that make me deliriously happy when I read them, leading to reverent petting of the book cover and a special place on ... more >
Dear Ms. Calhoun: Uncommon Passion is easily the best book you've written. The novel takes the strengths of your earlier works–strong characters, sensual sex scenes, believable redemption–and expands on them. Everything works: the lovers, their back-stories, the setting, the passage of time, the secondary characters, the plot, and the deft insights ... more >
Dear Ms. York, I picked up your book because I saw a Tweet about its release that indicated a book that could fit into the NA category while containing an LGBTQ protagonist and/or romance within the story. Your debut novel, Hushed, also contained these qualities – I haven't read it, ... more >
Janine: This epically long disucssion is the second of our joint reviews of Patricia Gaffney's Wyckerley books, originally published in the mid 1990s and recently reissued in electronic editions. The review of the first book, To Love and to Cherish, can be found here. Angela: To Have and To Hold ... more >
Dear Ms. Rivers: I'd had your novella, The Story Guy, in my TBR for a while. Then, last month, on Twitter, I saw a link to a post you'd written for Wonkomance, the site you and several other authors I respect run. The post, entitled Love Actually, a meditation on the nature ... more >
General John Mitchel and his favorite pilot, Gabriel Sanchez, served together as comrades and brothers-in-arms for more than twenty-five years. They followed the warrior's path: honor first, and service, and the safety of the tribe. Their own needs for love and companionship were secondary to the mission. Retirement from the ... more >
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Britni Snyder of Amarillo and Nathan Davis of Vega were married Saturday, Aug. 14, at the Whitaker Ranch in Canyon. Sherman Eastland officiated.
The bride is the daughter of Kimbra Snyder and Gary Snyder, both of Amarillo. Grandparents of the bride are Kathryn and Jerry Law of Westminster, Calif., Charlie Snyder of Amarillo and the late Loretta Snyder.
Parents of the groom are Linda and Rocky Drake of Vega and Tommy Davis of Canyon. Grandparents of the groom are Dixie and Richard Fortenberry of Hereford and Lilly and Robert Davis of Jesup, Ga.
Maid of honor was April Davis, sister of the groom.
Best man was Tommy Davis, father of the groom. Groom's attendant was Michael Blasingame.
Flower girls were Kenedi Morrison, Hannah Kenedy and Javeri Lanham. Ring bearer was Jake Kenedy. Ushers were Ricky Davis and Rusty Davis.
Special guests were Mr. and Mrs. Robert Law and family of Reno, Nev., Mr. and Mrs. Scott Law and family of Corona, Calif., and Mr. and Mrs. Danny Law of Merrietta, Calif.
The bride wore a white satin gown with crystal beaded trim, a chapel-length train and a veil handmade by the bride's mother.
The colors of the wedding were blue jean denim. The bride chose multi-colored wildflowers for her floral selection.
The maid of honor's dress was made by the bride's grandmother and the flower girls' dresses were made by Mary Dugger.
The wedding reception was at the ranch. Reception attendants were Brenda Budd, Annette Waxler and Hiedi Davis and Rhonda Davis, both sisters-in-law of the groom.
The bride graduated from Tascosa High School and attended Amarillo College. She is a receptionist at the Northwest Texas Sports Medicine Center.
The groom graduated from Canyon High School. He is parts associate at Oldham County Implement.
They reside in Vega.
Amarillo Globe-News, Aug. 22, 2004
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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Boxing Forum - View Single Post - Training to become pro
Training to become pro
View Single Post
SRR by Triangle Theory
Join Date: Jun 2004
Posts: 14,419
Quoted: 201 Post(s)
Rep Power:
Points: 122,642.81
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Total Points: 600,641,427,448,117,376.00
Take it from somebody who has been there and done that, finish your schooling. You have no amatuer experience (I'm assuming) and plan to earn a living being a pro fighter, I don't mean to burst your bubble but chances are that you will make far less fighting than you would even a minimum wage job when it's all said and done.
I had a good amatuer background, at a time they tell me that I was one of the top amatuers in the state. I turned pro and was fighting on television right from my first pro bout. Alot of things can happen, in the ring and in your life in general. Being a fighter is the toughest road you will ever see.
Stay in the amatuers man, get that experience and if you're beating all of the amatuers around you then consider fighting pro. The pro game is no joke and you could be seriously injured if you don't have the experience or have somebody trust worthy handling your career. I had both when I was rolling and its still a tough road.
Whatever you do finish atleast your highschool education and better yet get a college education.
And what does this pro test consist of.........Rockin'
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8x10' Polypropylene Braided Rug
Item # WX2-20054SOLD OUT
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Stylish Polypropylene Braided Rug is built TOUGH for indoor OR outdoor use. PRICED RIGHT!
Sharp oval design kinda like the Daytona Speedway! Check out this fantastic floor hugger. Just what you need to jazz up your decor, while you put a layer of comfort between you and the hard floor. Hey, seems my volume buy saves you some hefty coin!
- 100% polypropylene fiber is color fast and tough as iron
- Held tight with exclusive C-LockTM braid joining system
- Extra strong "sew-soft" stitching thread
- Over 2 stitches per inch
- Extra tight braid for extended long wear and joint strength
- More yarn ends provide greater bond and durability.
- Weighs 40 lbs.
State Color, as available in the Shopping Cart. Order ONLINE Today!
Please Note: This is a Heavy / Bulky item. $20.00 for heavy / bulky shipping and handling will be charged in addition to regular shipping and handling.


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Pro-Line Desperado 2.8" Black Rear Wheels (2) PRO273003This is the Desperado 2.8" Black Rear Wheels (2) PRO273003 by Pro-Line
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This is a pair Desperado 2.8" (TraxxasStyle Bead) Black Wheels. Pro-Line's highly anticipated new 6-spoke wheel will make your truck the toughest looking one on the block. The wheel is a one-piece glue wheel made out of extremely durable nylon material and features a molded in bead-loc ring for an awesome scale look. This wheel will accept all of Pro-Line's new 2.8" TraxxasStyle Bead tires along with all Traxxas2.8" tires, giving you a ton of rubber options. This is a 12mm hex wheel. Make your truck stand out from the rest and get some Pro-Line Desperado 2.8" wheels today!
Aggressive 6-spoke wheel design
Molded in Bead-loc ring for scale look
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text: 30-Piece Plastic Food Storage Container Free Shipping on $50 or more Flag this deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Edit deal LisaNtom08 Jan 30, 2013 awesome price! I think i'll get some. these are always good to have and you never can have enough of these Reply Load More Comments


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Vouchers siphon school resourcesEvery child in Pennsylvania deserves the opportunity to learn and grow. At his inauguration last week, Gov. Corbett correctly stated that our "education system must contend with other nations." He is absolutely right - but his means of getting there couldn't be more wrong ("Corbett gets a wish list from conservatives," Tuesday).
By siphoning limited and critical public funding desperately needed for teacher training, smaller class sizes, and expanded support services, vouchers divert essential resources away from public schools - de facto, away from the children who need it most. The National Council of Jewish Women believes this endangers the ability of the public school system to provide an education to all children. Further, the use of school vouchers for parochial schools is tantamount to government funding of sectarian education and discrimination in hiring and admissions practices.


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Match 1 - 7 May 2016
Thanks to all the host clubs for running the first matches, including the people behind the scenes for making the matches great competition but also hugely enjoyable.
The results are on the website and on Power of 10
If any athletes say that performances have not linked to their profiles on Pof10 for whatever reason, including spelling mistakes in their names/club, please direct them to the above link & ask them to follow the instructions at the top of the page
If Power of 10 receive individual parents/coaches emailing them with any material changes to the results they will be told to contact the match organiser or Martin Smith to authorise any adjustments.
There was some concern regarding the availability of officials and the allocation of points for officials. For clarity please see the section in the rules relating to Officials.
David Griffiths Photography was at the Division 1 match and athletes can see/buy the pictures http://www.fotoccompli.com/sport/160507/160507.html
Good luck in the next match on 12 June.
About the League


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The Twisted Definition of the Word: Branding
Call me old fashioned. Tell me that I'm only saying this because I'm trying to pimp out our promotional products. You'd probably be right on both accounts. Accuse me of whatever you want, but don't tell me I'm wrong. Because the word branding, as it pertains to marketing, has lost its meaning.
What branding IS
Let's take a second to remember where the term comes from. Before marketing stole it, branding literally meant burning a unique symbol with a hot iron poker into cattle in order to mark (or brand) a cow's rightful owner.
So when the word branding made it's way into marketing it was meant as a metaphor of that original meaning. Branding a company or product pertains to the repetition of a name, logo, look, sound, and a tag line of that entity in all marketing materials so that it was "burned" into the memory of its audience. It's the packaging, the trademarks and unique designs proudly displayed on the products, and the clever names that make you feel important when you buy them….that's branding.
What Branding Isn't
Everyone wants to be the next Google. How many times have you said "Let me Google it." without even thinking about it? Just like Kleenex is to tissues and Xerox is to copying, what company wouldn't want that? To have your brand literally be synonymous with the product you're selling. OK perhaps Xerox doesn't.
The problem is: you can't become a household name with a branding strategy alone. You need great advertising & promotion campaigns to get your brand out there, a great product to make sure it works as advertised, and it also helps to have a good reputation to be sure word of mouth is spreading your brands in a positive way. But is any of this branding? No. It isn't. Sure, each has a branding component to it, but therein lies the confusion.
At some point, a brand has turned into a representation of a company, a company's reputation, and everything they represent, from the way they treat employees, to the way products work themselves. Somehow we've taken a simple marketing concept, and twisted it into something that marketing folk use when they talk about their company or clients intelligently – or eloquently. So they think. To me, they just sound like idiots comparing their company policies to a glowing red hot iron rod.
Your company is not a brand
That may sound like a marketing version of something from Fight Club, but in reality I'm simply discerning the public message from the business one. Most companies' goals are to sell products for profit while the goal of branding seeks to give the products a positive & memorable feeling. Think of it this way: Nike probably doesn't say "just do it" when making business decisions about their products; just like they don't say "market research suggests this sneaker will sell well at this price" in their ads. They're two different things. So please don't refer to Nike (the company) as a brand.
Your company's reputation is not your brand
Don't get me wrong: brand reputation is huge. You can't sell products if every time potential customers see your logo, they associate it with the word "junk". But let's be honest, being caught in a scandal, lawsuit, or something else "damaging" does more FOR branding than it does against it. The problem is that it's not always in the way you want. I'm not one of those "there's no such thing as bad publicity" people. Sure, sometimes when the dust settles, the only thing people remember is your brand (that's what people mean by this). The point is: your reputation is your reputation. Changing a logo, tag line, or even the name of your products can't escape you from that.
Advertising is not branding
OK, most advertising isn't JUST branding. I know this is going to be a tough sell so let me make it short and simple. If your advertising does nothing else but display a logo and/or tag line without conveying some message as to WHY people should use your products, then you're probably wasting money. Advertising gets your name out there (that's the branding part) but it should also do something to convey a message of value (not branding). That message of value is the intangible association consumers will have whenever they come across the brand. But don't confuse that association with the brand itself, even if that's the goal of branding.
Social Media marketing is not branding
Oh, and it's not "branding 2.0" either. In 2009, Twitter went mainstream, and now social media is all the rave for marketing departments big and small. Everyone wants a piece, even if they're not sure how it will help them. It's not that you can't include branding in your social media marketing campaigns. It's just that in most cases, it's better to be less direct about it. Social media marketing is a conversation marketing tactic that works better when it's more personal. Let me put it this way: who would you rather have a conversation with about computers, a computer systems engineer who works at dell named @john_johnson (made up name) or the @dell corporate twitter profile? (despite whether or not you like dell computers)
You are not a brand
One of the most offensive (yes I'm offended somewhat easily) concepts to me is something people call personal branding. What gets me about this is that we've gone so far from "what's in a name" to a name is so important that it's literally something you need to consider. Before you tell me "you don't get it", let me clarify: I understand the importance of making sure credit is given to the right person and how building a reputation is both important and difficult. But it's much better to be remembered for doing something great, than because your online avatar and screen name makes people giggle whenever they see it. Sure those things can help you – branding works. But truly successful people rarely have to worry about it.
Call Branding what you want, but I know what it isn't
Branding is the marketing method which helps consumers associate with a company and/or its products. A brand is tangible, like a logo or product name written in a specific font. A brand is supposed to invoke feelings, and positive memories about a company or their products – it is not the feelings themselves. A brand is not the intangible association with a company, it's simply the public face that makes it so easy to remember it in the first place.
Don't get me wrong, here. I realize this was just an exercise in semantics. Call whatever marketing tactic or company policy branding if you must. I know better. Call me old fashioned.
Bubba is the Quality Logo Products mascot. He may have started out as "just a stress ball," but he's come a long way since the company's launch in 2003. Bubba has been immortalized in numerous vector artwork designs for internal and external promotions, and you can see him change outfits on the Quality Logo Products homepage whenever a holiday rolls around. Oh, and he thinks pants are for the birds. You can connect with Bubba on Google+
Interesting affair, didn't thought reading it would be so awesome when I saw your url.
Brilliant. Thanks for the list.


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Patent application title: Method And System For Response Time Optimization
Jonas Grundler (Boeblingen, DE)
Frank Neumann (Boeblingen, DE)
Gerhard Pfau (Breitenstein, DE)
International Business Machines Corporation
IPC8 Class: AG06F1730FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Data processing: database and file management or data structures file or database maintenance coherency (e.g., same view to multiple users)
Publication date: 2009-02-05
Patent application number: 20090037489
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Method and system for providing results for task list queries to Workflow
Management Systems (WfMSs) and Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs). In
one aspect, a method for providing the result of a task list query to a
human task database includes caching data from the database in a
plurality of materialized views. A new request for a list of tasks from
the database is received, and a new query is created when the new request
applies to the data in a particular materialized view. When the
particular materialized view includes data that requires updating from
more recent data in the database, the materialized view is so updated.
The new query is executed against the data in the materialized view
instead of executing the new query against the data in the database.
1. A method for providing the result of a task list query to a human task
database, the method comprising:caching data from the database in a
plurality of materialized views, each materialized view including data
resulting from a query based on a request for a list of tasks from the
database;receiving a new request for a list of tasks from the database,
and creating a new query after determining that the new request applies
to the data in a particular one of the materialized views;after receiving
the new request and before executing the new query, determining whether
the particular materialized view includes data that requires updating
from more recent data in the database;when determining that updating is
required, updating the particular materialized view with more recent data
from the database; andexecuting the new query against the data in the
particular materialized view instead of executing the new query against
the data stored in tables in the database.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the particular materialized view includes a foreground table and a background table, wherein the new query is executed against the foreground table which includes more recently-updated data than in the background table.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein when only the background table requires updating, further comprising:executing the new query against the data in the foreground table immediately after determining that only the background table requires updating; andafter the updating is complete, switching the tables such that the background table becomes the foreground table and the foreground table becomes the background table.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein when both the foreground table and the background table require updating, updating at least the background table and executing the new query on the data in the particular materialized view after the updating is complete.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the updating is performed periodically using a daemon running in a background process of the human task database.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein determining whether the particular materialized view needs updating includes comparing the age of the data in the particular materialized view with a predetermined maximum age parameter, wherein the data is determined to need updating when the age of the data is greater than the maximum age parameter.
7. The method of claim 2 further comprising tracking changes to the data in the database in a modification list, rewriting the new query, and executing the rewritten query such that the relevant changes to the data in the database are included in the result of the new query.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the new query is rewritten to include a query executed against the foreground table and a query executed against only the changed data in the database.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the number of changes taken into account by the rewritten query are reduced from the total number of changes that have occurred, wherein the reduced number of changes are determined by considering only changes of data that has a particular property, or by considering only changes of data that match a property of the new query.
[0001]The present invention relates to Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs), and more particularly to providing results for queries to workflow and task data.
[0002]Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs) support the integration of human beings into business processes. Humans interact with these systems in different ways. The most common way a user accesses work items or human tasks managed by such a system is by retrieving his or her task lists and selecting (or checking out) the tasks he or she is planning to work with at a given point in time. As tasks are often assigned to more than one person, it is important that the system keeps track of who works on which task, and particularly, which tasks are waiting for someone to start working on them.
[0003]Most implementations of these systems use database technology to internally represent these tasks. Database management systems (DBMS) store extensive amounts of organized information for access by users of the systems. In a database system environment, the system responds to specific queries from the user as to which data from the database to examine, retrieve and/or present. Typically, the Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs) run queries on behalf of a user in a particular syntax of a particular database language that is used by the system, such as the Structured Query Language (SQL) format.
[0004]Database queries are triggered by users and executed by the database system to retrieve task lists. Transactional database operations are used to "check out" a task for exclusive use by a user, and later to "check in" the same task after work on it has been finished.
[0005]Modern systems use a normalized database schema in order to keep costs low for create, retrieve, update, and delete operations (CRUD operations) of a database. In large systems with many thousands of users and hundreds of thousands of active tasks, the time to retrieve a list of tasks from the system may become an issue when using the standard database query approach. As a consequence, the costs in the database to carry out task list queries become huge, since complex database processing is required to present the entirety of data to users. In large applications, the time to retrieve even a short task list may be many seconds.
[0006]One way to mitigate this problem is to cache task lists on the client. The disadvantage of this approach is the amount of memory required on the client for caching the data, the complex programming model for the client which has to manage the cache, and the relative lack of timeliness of the data. Another way is to cache task lists on the Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) or Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs), usually running on a middle tier application server. However, here the memory consumption problem is even more severe, as task lists are different for each user and therefore have to be cached for each user individually. Maintaining cache content is difficult and complicates the implementation of the Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and the Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs). WfMSs and HTMSs that run on a cluster are even more severely impacted, as the more members of the cluster are present, the more processing must be performed in order to keep cache contents consistent across the various cluster members.
[0007]Accordingly, what is needed is the ability to utilize advanced database technologies together with an intelligent data access mechanism to cache task lists on a database server and allow reduced time in retrieving tasks. The present invention addresses such a need.
[0008]The invention of the present application relates to providing results for task list queries to Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs). In one aspect of the invention, a method for providing the result of a task list query to a human task database includes caching data from the database in a plurality of materialized views, each materialized view including data resulting from a query based on a request for a list of tasks from the database. For subsequent task list queries it is determined if the new request applies to the data in a particular one of the materialized views. After receiving the new request and before executing the new query, it is determined whether the particular materialized views includes data that requires updating from more recent data in the database. When updating is required, the particular materialized view is updated with more recent data from the database. The new query is executed against the data in the particular materialized view instead of executing the new query against the data stored in tables in the database.
[0009]The present invention allows a programming model neutral approach to utilize advanced database technologies together with an intelligent data access mechanism to speed up task list retrieval by caching task lists on the database server. The invention uses multiple materialized views to buffer task list data and thereby optimize database query performance and minimize load on the database server. Intelligent task list query rewriting can be used to further improve the presented approach. Using the invention, the average time to retrieve a task list can be reduced significantly.
[0010]FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system of a prior art WfMSs/HTMSs allowing clients to retrieve task lists;
[0011]FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system of the present invention for executing queries against materialized views;
[0012]FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the system of FIG. 2 in which a set of two respective materialized views are shown that are synchronized with database task data;
[0013]FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of the present invention used to manage materialized view tables; and
[0014]FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a graph showing an example of query processing cost increase if modification lists are used, depending on the number of changes to the underlying data.
[0015]The present invention relates to Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and Human Task Management Systems (HTMSs), and more particularly to providing results for task list queries to these systems. The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiment and the generic principles and features described herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiment shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.
[0016]The present invention is mainly described in terms of particular systems provided in particular implementations. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that this method and system will operate effectively in other implementations. For example, the system implementations usable with the present invention can take a number of different forms. The present invention will also be described in the context of particular methods having certain steps. However, the method and system operate effectively for other methods having different and/or additional steps not inconsistent with the present invention.
[0017]The invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. A software embodiment can include but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc. Furthermore, the invention can take the form of program instructions or code stored by a computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system. The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD, etc.).
[0018]To more particularly describe the features of the present invention, please refer to FIGS. 1-5 in conjunction with the discussion below.
[0019]This disclosure describes a programming model neutral approach to utilize advanced database technologies together with an intelligent data access mechanism to cache task lists on the database server. In some embodiments, the invention combines the use of materialized views or materialized query tables with intelligent task list query rewriting and multiple-view buffering to optimize database query performance and to minimize load on the database server. Applying this solution, the average time to retrieve a task list can be reduced significantly. For example, the task list retrieval time can be reduced from many seconds in a prior implementation to a few milliseconds using the present invention.
[0020]The described embodiment combines the use of multiple technologies and mechanisms. Materialized views are used to cache the result of complex and expensive task queries. Task queries are parsed, analyzed for match with a materialized view, and rewritten to use a materialized table view, if applicable. A mechanism is established to refresh the materialized views in a customizable way. Background queries are used to refresh materialized view content in the background, minimizing response time for all task list retrieval operations.
Using Materialized Views for Task List Queries
[0021]Views can generally be considered as a declarative abstraction to a structured data set. A view is a virtual or logical table dynamically composed of the result set of a query, computed from data in the database. A view is not part of the physical storage of the database data (base tables). Changing the data in the database from which the view is derived alters the data shown in the view. Views also can join multiple data sources into a single virtual table, and thus offer simplified access to multiple underlying database tables, for example. The view implementation processes requests by translating a query into sub-queries for the referenced data source and combining the results effectively. A view definition typically contains additional filter criteria that further restrict the represented data set.
[0022]Materialized views differ from standard views in that the data represented by a view definition is physically stored ("materialized"), thereby avoiding the potential high cost of data retrieval and combination of the referenced data sources. Requests against a materialized view no longer access the underlying data (base tables) but can be efficiently processed against the physically stored ("materialized") data. If the underlying data (from which the materialized view was composed) changes, the present invention provides update mechanisms that asynchronously (e.g. timer based) or synchronously update the materialized views. This ensures that changes to data are reflected in the materialized representation as well.
[0023]FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system 10 of a prior art database allowing clients to retrieve task lists.
[0024]In a typical Human Workflow or Human Task application scenario, a client 12 issues a request to a WFMS or HTMS for retrieving a list of tasks. This is shown as "getTaskList(...)" in FIG. 1. The data retrieved may contain task data and business data from other sources. The request can specify several criteria, such as the priority of the tasks, the due date of the tasks, and/or a customer ID.
[0025]The WFMS or HTMS offers an API that allows clients to retrieve their task list. The WFMS/HTMS 14 uses the data in the request from the client 12 and the knowledge about who has issued the request to generate a query on tables 18 in the human task database 16. Depending on the requested information, the generated query may include a large number of database tables. The query is issued against the database system and the list of tasks with the selected properties is retrieved and returned to the client.
[0026]FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a system 100 of the present invention, in which queries can be executed against materialized views. System 100 includes a client 102, a Workflow Management System (WFMS) or Human Task Management System (HTMS) 104, referred to as a "management system" herein, and a human task database 106.
[0027]One or more clients 102 can be any suitable computer system, electronic device, or program that can issue requests to the other components of the system, via a communication link such as a bus, network link, or wireless link. The management system 104 and human task database 106 can be implemented on the same computer system or different systems, e.g., different servers connected via a network or other communication link. The computer systems include standard components, such as processors (CPUs), storage devices (hard disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc.), I/O components, etc.
[0028]A client 102 sends a request 108 for a task list to the management system 104, shown as "getTaskList(...)". The management system 104 offers an API that allows clients to specify the retrieval of their task lists. Before generating the query for the database 106, the management system 104 analyzes the request of the client 102 in a step 120. A mapping definition is used to find a suitable materialized view that can be used to return the desired query results. Mapping definitions (mappings) to materialized views describe which requests can be routed to a materialized view returning the same result as a comparable query to the underlying base tables. There is a strong relationship between the mappings to a materialized view and the definition of that materialized view. Ordering criterion, selection predicates and selection criterion are taken into account to make sure that the expected query result set for the request is a subset of the data contained in the materialized view, and thus the materialized view is applicable.
[0029]If no suitable materialized view for the request is found in step 120, then the procedure continues to step 122, where the query is generated and executed as if no materialized views were defined. For example, task data 110 from the database 106 is retrieved and regular views and tables used to provide the query results. If a suitable materialized view is found in step 120, then in step 124 the query is generated in a way such that a materialized view 130 stored in database 106 (or other storage) is involved, instead of the regular database tables and views 110.
[0030]Queries against materialized views 130 are less expensive in terms of processing and time than queries against the original tables or views. For example, materialized views contain all or part of the data of a view, therefore less calculation is needed to retrieve the data from the underlying tables. Populating a materialized view with data based on a query A is similarly expensive as issuing query A against the original tables. Additional costs may be involved as the result is made persistent. FIG. 3 illustrates how the present invention makes the client unaware of the costs of building the materialized view. Finally, materialized views are created based on certain selection criteria, which, for example, can be optimized regarding the client programming (or query) model.
[0031]FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of the system 100 of FIG. 2 in which materialized views are shown synchronized with database task data. Arrows 132 indicate that the materialized views and the actual human task data are kept in synchronization. Most database management systems offer automatic synchronization which can be used for the materialized views of the present invention. Using this approach ensures that the materialized views 130 and the actual tables/views 110 always contain exactly the same data. However, from a performance perspective this approach is not feasible for WFMS or HTMS, due to the high processing footprint. Therefore, the present invention introduces a mechanism to refresh the materialized views under control of the management system 104. To avoid requests getting delayed while a refresh occurs, a double-buffering pattern with a set of two respective materialized views is applied as shown in FIG. 3.
[0032]The management system 104 takes care of refreshing the materialized views 130. Two specific materialized views 134 and 136 are created for each materialized view definition. The management system 104 manages the materialized views so that one of the materialized views 134 or 136 always includes current data and can be used to service requests from clients, while the other materialized view 134 or 136 is updated in the background. The materialized view 134 or 136 with the "X" mark shown in FIG. 3 is an example of one of the materialized views not having current data and thus being updated and not being used to service current requests from clients 102.
[0033]FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 200 of the present invention used to manage materialized view tables. Method 200 can be implemented by program instructions or code provided for the management system 104, where the instructions can be stored by a computer readable medium. The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor medium or a propagation medium, including a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk (CD-ROM, DVD, etc.). Alternatively, the method 100 or portions thereof can be implemented in hardware (logic gates, etc.), or in a combination of hardware and software.
[0034]The method starts at 202, and in step 204, a request is issued from the client for retrieving a task list, i.e., a task list retrieval operation is issued. In step 206, the system checks if a matching materialized view 130 exists, which can be used to run the task list query against. The check is performed by analyzing the query parameters and by matching them with criteria defined when creating the materialized view definition. If no matching materialized view is found, then in step 208 a standard query is provided which uses regular views and/or tables, and in step 210 the query is executed. The method is then complete at 212.
[0035]If a matching materialized view has been found in step 206 by analyzing the query and comparing it with the materialized view mapping definitions as explained above, then this materialized view is used. In step 214, the currency of the data in the materialized view table is checked. To avoid periodic updates even in situations where a materialized view is not used, updates are triggered by incoming task list queries in the present invention. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the updates can be performed using a daemon running in the background of the system that refreshes the materialized view content periodically in the background. While this imay be easier to implement, it produces an undesirable base load on the system, even when there are no incoming client requests. It also offers less control than the other mechanism described herein.
[0036]Before executing a query on a materialized view the system checks if an update of the materialized view table has to be triggered. This is done using predetermined configuration parameters for each materialized view table, which for example can be set by the system administrator based on the business knowledge of the system and on data gathered during the operation of the system. An example for such a configuration parameter is a maximum age of the data (max_age) in the materialized view table. Other parameters can include the maximum number of changes performed on the database tables used when retrieving the data for a particular materialized view.
[0037]Task systems with very many concurrent users and a short work time per task need more frequent refreshes than systems with fewer users or longer task processing times. The system provides a max_age configuration parameter and utilizes it to decide if updates for a materialized view are required, based on the age of the data in the materialized view tables. The system decides against updating when the age of the data is less than or equal to the max_age configuration parameter, and decides to update if the age of the data is greater than the max_age configuration parameter. If no updates are required, then the method continues to step 216 to create a query using the materialized views. In step 210, the created query is then executed to provide the task lists requested by the client. The process is thus complete at 212.
[0038]If an update is required in step 214, e.g. because the data in the table is too old, then in step 218 the system determines if the data in both views 134 and 136 (tables) of the materialized view 130 is outdated or not appropriate to be used by applying the same decision as in 214. If just one table contains outdated data, then in step 220 an update of the outdated materialized view table is triggered in the background (this is considered the background materialized view table), and the data in the other (foreground) materialized view table is used for the query. This is called a non-blocking update, as the query can be executed immediately and data can be returned without having the client or user wait for all materialized view tables to be refreshed. The method then continues to step 224, described below.
[0039]If the data in both the foreground materialized view table and the background materialized view table are outdated, or no data exists in the materialized view tables, then the query cannot be executed before updates are made. The client must wait until current data becomes available. In this case the method proceeds from step 218 to step 222, in which a blocking update is performed, which is an update where the user has to wait for the materialized view table to be refreshed. For example, the background table can be updated with the current data from the database, as explained above. In an alternate embodiment, the foreground table also can be updated in step 222.
[0040]A blocking update is required, for example, when the first user issues a query at the beginning of the work day when there have not yet been any materialized views previously created. The blocking update may be required also for the first query that uses a particular materialized view. In such cases a blocking update of the materialized view table is performed before the client query is run.
[0041]After a successful update (blocking or non-blocking) is carried out in step 220 or 222, step 224 is performed in which the foreground and background tables of the materialized view are switched. This ensures that after the updates, queries that are performed access the most current data.
[0042]The query is created using the materialized views in step 216, and in step 210 the query is executed using data in the materialized view and the result is returned to the requester (client 102). In the case of a non-blocking update of step 220, steps 216 and 210 can be performed immediately, without waiting for the background table to be updated in step 220 and switched in step 224. In the case of a blocking update of step 222, steps 216 and 210 are performed after the update and switch are complete. The process is then complete at 212.
[0043]As indicated in FIG. 4, the various results of the process can be labeled appropriately. The steps 208 and 210 are a normal query procedure, going from step 214 to step 216 is a query with a materialized view (without updates), going from step 218 to steps 220 and 224 is an asynchronous update of a materialized view, and going from step 218 to step 222 (and step 224) is a synchronous update of a materialized view.
Applying Incremental Update Functionality to Materialized Views
[0044]The implication of the approach described above is that data in the materialized views does not reflect changes that have been made to the underlying tables after the materialized view results have been stored. Strictly speaking, data in the materialized views may not always be consistent with the data in the base tables. This can be mitigated if changes to the base tables are tracked in a modification list, and these changes are then considered when the materialized view is queried ("Change Tracking"). Consideration of tracked changes produces additional load on the database server, therefore change tracking should only be applied to changes that are of most interest ("Scoping").
[0045]The procedure for performing Change Tracking is as follows. If the management system 104 makes changes to table rows that are queried by materialized views, an entry (key) with a timestamp is added to a modification list. The row(s) of interest are contained in the set of the rows in the materialized view that are identified by this key. This implies that all changes to the data used by the management system 104 are managed solely through the management system. Furthermore, each row in the materialized view must contain the keys of the rows that influence the contents of this particular row.
[0046]If a query is routed to a materialized view with modification list, the query is rewritten. Let Q_MV be the query that is executed against the materialized view in case that no modification list is used, and Q_OT be the original query that is executed against the base tables if there were no materialized views defined. Also let A be the condition that the key of a tracked change is contained in a row of the materialized view; let R(query, c) be the result of the query where all results satisfy the condition c; and let D(R(query, c)) be the unique result of the result R(query, c). Uniqueness occurs when no 2 elements of the query contain the same contents.
[0047]The query is rewritten to:
D*=D(R(Q--MV, not A)+R(Q--OT,A)).
[0048]Thus, rewritten query D* includes a query against the (foreground) materialized view, and a query only against the original data in the database tables that satisfies A (i.e., having a row with a tracked change). The result of D* is the same result as D=D(Q_OT). The differences between D* and D are as follows. D might return a result with non-unique elements; typical task list queries do not show duplicate results (duplicate rows), so this is not considered to be a restriction which occurs in real-life scenarios. In addition, the costs for calculating D* are less than the costs of calculating D, if A applies to few elements only.
[0049]FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a graph 250 showing an example of query processing cost increase depending on the number of changes to the underlying data that were made and tracked in a modification list. The graph shows the processing costs for original queries, queries against materialized views, and queries against materialized views with modification list.
[0050]Costs for queries against materialized views are lower than the costs for queries against the base tables (original query). If the modifications are tracked in a modification list, the costs increase with the number of changes that are tracked.
[0051]The procedure for performing Scoping is as follows. Additional processing cost optimizations (and therefore response time optimizations) can be achieved taking into account what is of interest for the user (or system) which issues the query. That is, the number of changes that have to be taken into account can be reduced by applying a combination of the following restrictions to the considered entries in the modification list.
[0052]First is property-based scoping, in which only those keys in the modification list that have a certain property are considered. For example, only newly created objects in the modification list can be considered. Second is context-based scoping, in which only those keys in the modification list that match a property of the query context are considered. The context is established when executing the query. For example, only those keys in the modification list can be considered that have been created on behalf of actions of the particular user or client which executes the query.
Cost-Based and Response-Time-Based Optimization for Materialized Views with Modification List
[0053]Costs for queries against materialized views with modification list can be optimized to achieve two different goals: 1) shorten query response times for best user experience, and 2) lower CPU utilization. The first goal is achieved by refreshing the materialized view often, such that few tracked changes exist, and the query response time is as fast as possible as a consequence. The second goal is achieved by solving a simple optimization task: minimize the sum of the costs that are generated by queries against the materialized view with modification list.
[0054]In some embodiments, the time to refresh the materialized views can be determined as follows. The next refresh should take place once the newly calculated average of the costs is greater than the current calculated average of the costs, that is:
[0055]In this equation, Cr is the costs for refreshing the materialized view, Cq is the costs of the last query that has been executed against the materialized view with modification list, Csum is the costs of all queries since start of the last refresh of the materialized view, qCount is the number of queries since the last refresh of the materialized view, and Cavg is the average cost per query (Cavg=Csum).
[0056]Although the present invention has been described in accordance with the embodiments shown, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that there could be variations to the embodiments and those variations would be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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Patent applications in class Coherency (e.g., same view to multiple users)
Patent applications in all subclasses Coherency (e.g., same view to multiple users)
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