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Swimming pool sanitation
Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools, hot tubs, plunge pools, and similar recreational water venues. Proper sanitation is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of infectious waterborne diseases.
- 1 Methods
- 2 Guidelines
- 3 Contaminants and disease
- 4 Maintenance and hygiene
- 5 Prevention of diseases in swimming pools and spas
- 6 Standards
- 7 Systems and disinfection methods
- 8 Private pool filtration
- 9 Other features
- 10 See also
- 11 References
- 12 External links
Sanitation methods include a water filter to remove pollutants, disinfection to kill infectious microorganisms, swimmer hygiene to minimize the introduction of contaminants into pool water, and regular testing of pool water, including chlorine and pH levels.
The World Health Organization has published international guidelines for the safety of swimming pools and similar recreational-water environments, including standards for minimizing microbial and chemical hazards.[1] The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provides information on pool sanitation and water related illnesses for health professionals and the public.[2] The main organizations providing certifications for pool and spa operators and technicians are the National Swimming Pool Foundation and Association of Pool & Spa Professionals. The certifications are accepted by many state and local health departments.[3]
Contaminants and disease[edit]
Swimming pool contaminants are introduced from environmental sources and swimmers. Affecting primarily outdoor swimming pools, environmental contaminants include windblown dirt and debris, incoming water from unsanitary sources, rain containing microscopic algae spores and droppings from birds possibly harbouring disease-causing viruses.[4] Indoor pools are less susceptible to environmental contaminants.
Contaminants introduced by swimmers can dramatically influence the operation of indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Sources include micro-organisms from infected swimmers and body oils including sweat, cosmetics, suntan lotion, urine, saliva and fecal matter. In addition, the interaction between disinfectants and pool water contaminants can produce a mixture of chloramines and other disinfection by-products.
Pathogenic contaminants are of greatest concern in swimming pools as they have been associated with numerous recreational water illnesses (RWIs).[5] Public health pathogens can be present in swimming pools as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Diarrhea is the most commonly reported illness associated with pathogenic contaminants, while other diseases associated with untreated pools are Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis.[6][7] Other illnesses commonly occurring in poorly maintained swimming pools include otitis externa, commonly called swimmers ear, skin rashes and respiratory infections.
The journal Environmental Science & Technology reported that sweat and urine react with chlorine and produce trichloramine and cyanogen chloride, two chemicals dangerous to human health. [1]
Maintenance and hygiene[edit]
Contamination can be minimized by good swimmer hygiene practices such as showering before and after swimming, and not letting children with intestinal disorders swim. Effective treatments are needed to address contaminants in pool water because preventing the introduction of pool contaminants, pathogenic and non-pathogenic, into swimming pools is impossible.
A well-maintained, properly operating pool filtration and re-circulation system is the first barrier in combating contaminants large enough to be filtered. Rapid removal of filterable contaminants reduces the impact on the disinfection system thereby limiting the formation of chloramines, restricting the formation of disinfection by-products and optimizing sanitation effectiveness. To kill pathogens and help prevent recreational water illnesses, pool operators must maintain proper levels of chlorine or another sanitizer.[8][9]
Over time, calcium from municipal water tends to accumulate, developing salt deposits in the swimming pool walls and equipment (filters, pumps), reducing their effectiveness. Calcium also absorbs chlorine and prevents proper performance of added chemicals. Therefore, it is advised to either completely drain the pool, and refill it with fresh water, or recycle the existing pool water, using reverse osmosis. The advantage of the latter method is that 90% of the water can be reutilized.
Pool operators must also store and handle cleaning and sanitation chemicals safely.
Prevention of diseases in swimming pools and spas[edit]
Disease prevention should be the top priority for every water quality management program for pool and spa operators. Disinfection is critical to protect against pathogens, and is best managed through routine monitoring and maintenance of chemical feed equipment to ensure optimum chemical levels in accordance with state and local regulations.[10]
Modern digital equipment when used in conjunction with automatic chemical feeders results in stable pH and chlorine levels. Local jurisdiction may demand a wait time if chemicals are added by hand to the water so that swimmers are not injured.
Chemical parameters include disinfectant levels according to regulated pesticide label directions. pH should be kept between 7.2-7.8. Human tears have a pH of 7.4, making this an ideal point to set a pool.[11] More often than not, it is improper pH and not the sanitiser that is responsible for irritating swimmers' skin and eyes.
Total alkalinity should be 80-120 ppm and calcium hardness between 200 – 400 ppm.[12]
Good hygienic behavior at swimming pools is also important for reducing health risk factors at swimming pools and spas. Showering before swimming can reduce introduction of contaminants, and showering again after swimming will help to remove any.
Those with diarrhea or other gastroenteritis illnesses should not swim within 2 weeks of an outbreak, especially children. Cryptosporidium is chlorine resistant.[13]
To minimize exposure to pathogens, swimmers should avoid getting water into their mouths and never swallow pool or spa water.[14]
Maintaining an effective concentration of disinfectant is critically important in assuring the safety and health of swimming pool and spa users. When any of these pool chemicals are used, it is very important to keep the pH of the pool in the range 7.2 to 7.8-according to the Langelier Saturation Index, or 7.8 to 8.2- according to the Hamilton Index; higher pH drastically reduces the sanitizing power of the chlorine due to reduced oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), while lower pH causes bather discomfort, especially to the eyes. However, according to the Hamilton Index, a higher pH can reduce unnecessary chlorine consumption while still remaining effective at preventing algae and bacteria growth.
To help ensure the health of bathers and protect pool equipment, it is essential to perform routine monitoring of water quality factors (or "parameters") on a regular basis. This process becomes the essence of an optimum water quality management program.
Systems and disinfection methods[edit]
Chlorine and bromine methods[edit]
Conventional halogen-based oxidizers such as chlorine and bromine are convenient and economical primary sanitizers for swimming pools and provide a residual level of sanitizer that remains in the water. Chlorine-releasing compounds are the most popular and frequently used in swimming pools whereas bromine-releasing compounds have found heightened popularity in spas and hot tubs. Both are members of the halogen group with demonstrated ability to destroy and deactivate a wide range of potentially dangerous bacteria and viruses in swimming pools and spas. Both exhibit three essential elements as ideal first-line-of-defense sanitizers for swimming pools and spas: they are fast-acting and enduring, they are effective algaecides, and they oxidize undesired contaminants.
Swimming pools can be disinfected with a variety of chlorine-releasing compounds. The most basic of these compounds is molecular chlorine (Cl2); however, its application is primarily in large commercial public swimming pools. Inorganic forms of chlorine-releasing compounds frequently used in residential and public swimming pools include sodium hypochlorite commonly known as liquid bleach or simply bleach, calcium hypochlorite and lithium hypochlorite. Chlorine residuals from Cl2 and inorganic chlorine-releasing compounds break down rapidly in sunlight. To extend their disinfectant usefulness and persistence in outdoor settings, swimming pools treated with one or more of the inorganic forms of chlorine-releasing compounds can be supplemented with cyanuric acid—a granular stabilizing agent capable of extending the active chlorine residual half-life (t½) by four to sixfold.[15] Chlorinated isocyanurates, a family of organic chlorine-releasing compounds, are stabilized to prevent UV degradation due to the presence of cyanurate as part of their chemical backbone.
Chlorine reacting with urea in urine and other nitrogen-containing wastes from bathers can produce chloramines. Chloramines typically occur when an insufficient amount of chlorine is used to disinfect a contaminated pool. Chloramines are generally responsible for the noxious, irritating smell prominently occurring in indoor pool settings. A common way to remove chloramines is to "superchlorinate" (commonly called "shocking") the pool with a high dose of inorganic chlorine sufficient to deliver 10 ppm chlorine. Regular superchlorination (every two weeks in summer) helps to eliminate these unpleasant odors in the pool. Levels of chloramines and other volatile compounds in water can be minimized by reducing contaminants that lead to their formation (e.g., urea, creatinine, amino acids and personal care products) as well as by use of non-chlorine "shock oxidizers" such as potassium peroxymonosulfate.
Medium pressure UV technology is used to control the level of chloramines in indoor pools. It is also used as a secondary form of disinfection to address chlorine tolerant pathogens. A properly sized and maintained UV system should remove the need to shock for chloramines, although shocking would still be used to address a fecal accident in the pool. UV will not replace chlorine, but is used to control the level of chloramines, which are responsible for the odor, irritation, and enhanced corrosion at an indoor pool.
Copper ion system[edit]
Copper ion systems use a low voltage current across copper bars (solid copper, or a mixture of copper and zinc or silver) to free copper ions into the flow of pool water to kill organisms such as algae in the water and provide a "residual" in the water. Alternative systems also use titanium plates to produce oxygen in the water to help degrade organic compounds.
Private pool filtration[edit]
Water pumps[edit]
An electrically operated water pump is the prime motivator in recirculating the water from the pool. Water is forced through a filter and then returned to the pool. Using a water pump by itself is often not sufficient to completely sanitize a pool. Commercial and public pool pumps usually run 24 hours a day for the entire operating season of the pool. Residential pool pumps are typical run for 4 hours per day in winter (when the pool is not in use) and up to 24 hours in summer. To save electricity costs, most pools run water pumps for between 6 hours and 12 hours in summer with the pump being controlled by an electronic timer.
Most pool pumps available today incorporate a small filter basket as the last effort to avoid leaf or hair contamination reaching the close-tolerance impeller section of the pump.
Filtration units[edit]
A pressure-fed sand filter is typically placed in line immediately after the water pump. The filter typically contains a medium such as graded sand (called '14/24 Filter Media' in the UK system of grading the size of sand by sifting through a fine brass-wire mesh of 14 to the inch (5.5 per centimeter) to 24 to the inch (9.5 per cm)). A pressure fed sand filter is termed a 'High Rate' sand filter, and will generally filter turbid water of particulates no less than 10 micrometers in size.[16] The rapid sand filter type are periodically 'back washed' as contaminants reduce water flow and increase back pressure. Indicated by a pressure gauge on the pressure side of the filter reaching into the 'red line' area, the pool owner is alerted to the need to 'backwash' the unit. The sand in the filter will typically last five to seven years before all the "rough edges" are worn off and the more tightly packed sand no longer works as intended. Recommended filtration for public/commercial pools are 1 ton sand per 100,000 liters water (10 ounces avdp. per cubic foot of water) [7.48 US or 6.23 UK gallons].
Introduced in the early 1900s was another type of sand filter; the 'Rapid Sand' filter, whereby water was pumped into the top of a large volume tank (3' 0" or more cube) (1 cubic yard/200US gal/170UK gal/770 liters) containing filter grade sand, and returning to the pool through a pipe at the bottom of the tank. As there is no pressure inside this tank, they were also known as 'gravity filters'. These type of filters are not greatly effective, and are no longer common in home swimming pools, being replaced by the pressure-fed type filter.
Diatomaceous earth[edit]
Some filters use diatomaceous earth to help filter out contaminants. Commonly referred to as 'D.E.' filters, they exhibit superior filtration capabilities.[17] Often a D.E. filter will trap waterborne contaminants as small as 1 micrometer in size. D.E. filters are banned in some states, as they must be emptied out periodically and the contaminated media flushed down the sewer, causing a problem in some districts' sewage systems.
Cartridge filters[edit]
Other filter media that have been introduced to the residential swimming pool market since 1970 include sand particles and paper type cartridge filters of 50 to 150 square feet (14 m2) filter area arranged in a tightly packed 12" diameter x 24" long (300 mm x 600 mm) accordion-like circular cartridge. These units can be 'daisy-chained' together to collectively filter almost any size home pool. The cartridges are typically cleaned by removal from the filter body and hosing-off down a sewer connection. They are popular where backwashed water from a sand filter is not allowed to be discharged or goes into the aquifer.
Automated pool cleaners[edit]
Automated pool cleaners more commonly known as "Automatic pool cleaners" and in particular electric, robotic pool cleaners provide an extra measure of filtration, and in fact like the handheld vacuums can microfilter a pool, which a sand filter without flocculation or coagulalents is unable to accomplish [18]
Other systems[edit]
Saline chlorination units, electronic oxidation systems, ionization systems, microbe disinfection with ultra-violet lamp systems, and "Tri-Chlor Feeders" are other independent or auxiliary systems for swimming pool sanitation.
Consecutive dilution[edit]
A pool filtration system as described (above) is termed a "consecutive dilution" system, as a constant and consecutive stream of fresh, chlorinated, and filtered water is being continually returned to the pool as part of a process that could ultimately result in a pool with 100% newly introduced fresh water over a period of time. Of course this goal is never achieved, as there is also a constant stream of new contaminants entering the pool as subsequent sections of this article will indicate.
Coping apertures[edit]
Water is typically drawn from the pool via a rectangular aperture in the wall connected through to a device fitted into one (or more) wall/s of the pool. The internals of the skimmer are accessed from the pool deck through a circular or rectangle lid, about one foot in diameter. If the pool's water pump is operational water is drawn from the pool over a floating hinged weir (operating from a vertical position to 90 degrees angle away from the pool, in order to stop leaves and debris being back-flooded into the pool by wave action), and down into a removable "skimmer basket", the purpose of which is to entrap leaves, dead insects and other larger floating debris.
The aperture visible from the pool side is typically 1' 0" (300 mm) wide by 6" (150 mm) high, which intersects the water midway though the center of the aperture. Skimmers with apertures wider than this are termed "wide angle" skimmers and may be as much as 2' 0" wide (600 mm). Floating skimmers have the advantage of not being affected by the level of the water as these are adjusted to work with the rate of pump suction and will retain optimum skimming regardless of water level leading to a markedly reduced amount of bio-material in the water. Skimmers should always have a leaf basket or filter between it and the pump to avoid blockages in the pipes leading to the pump and filter.
Pool recirculation[edit]
The final link in the pool recirculation system: 'skimmer-pump-filter-returns' are the water returns.
Other equipment which may be optioned in the recirculation system include pool water heaters. They can be heat pumps, natural gas or propane gas heaters, electric heaters, wood burning heaters, or Solar hot water panel heaters - increasingly used in the sustainable design of pools.
Other equipment[edit]
Diversions to electronic oxidation systems, ionization systems, microbe disinfectinon with ultra-violet lamp systems, and "Tri-Chlor Feeders" are other auxiliary systems for Swimming pool sanitation; as well as solar panels; are in most cases required to be placed after the filtration equipment, and are the last items before the water is returned to the pool.
Other features[edit]
Recreation amenities[edit]
Features that are part of the water circulation system can extend treatment capacity needs for sizing calculations and can include: artificial streams and waterfalls, in-pool fountains, integrated hot tubs and spas, water slides and sluices, artificial "pebble beaches", submerged seating as bench-ledges or as "stools" at in-pool bars, plunge pools, and shallow children's wading pools.
See also[edit]
- ^ "Guidelines for safe recreational waters". who.int. World Health Organization. 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
- ^ "Healthy Swimming". cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
- ^ "What is the Certified Pool/Spa Operator Certification Program". nspf.org. Nations Swimming Pool Foundation. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ "Guideline for Safe Recreational Water Environments, Vol. 2: Swimming Pools and Similar Environments" (PDF). WHO.int. World Health Organization. 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (24 May 2007). "What are recreational water illnesses (RWIs)?". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (22 January 2009). "Cryptosporidiosis (also known as "Crypto")". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (12 November 2008). "Giardiasis". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5 December 2008). "Swimmer Protection". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (6 January 2010). "Designing Public Swimming Facilities". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (15 October 2009). "12 Steps for Prevention of Recreational Water Illnesses (RWIs) – Step 5: Maintain Water Quality and Equipment". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ "Carbopol/Chitosan Based pH Triggered In Situ Gelling System for Ocular Delivery of Timolol Maleate". 5 October 2010.
- ^ "Title 40, Volume 21, Section 156.10(a)(6)(i) Directions for Use". Code of Federal Regulations. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1 July 2003. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ "Cryptosporidium -Parasites". www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (15 May 2009). "Six Steps of Healthy Swimming: Protection Against Recreational Water Illnesses (RWIs)". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (25 May 2009). "Healthy Housing Reference Manual, Chapter 14: Residential Swimming Pools and Spas". CDC.gov. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ "Types of Filters". water.me.vccs.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
- ^ National Center for Environmental Health: Healthy Housing Reference Manual - Residential Pool and Spa Filters
- ^ James E. Amburgey, Kimberly J. Walsh, Roy R. Fielding and Michael J. Arrowood Removal of Cryptosporidium and polystyrene microspheres from swimming pool water with sand, cartridge, and precoat filters, IWA Publishing 2012
External links[edit]
- ICS 13.060.01 Water quality in general - A series of ISO standards
- ICS 07.100.20 Microbiology of water


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Editorial: All U.S. forces must leave Iraq
Faced with growing popular demand to end the Iraq war and bring American soldiers home quickly, and pressed by November elections that will decide the composition of Congress through 2008, the Bush administration has begun to talk about withdrawing some U.S. troops. "As Iraqis stand up, we will stand down, President Bush said last November. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said present U.S. troop levels would not be needed "for very much longer" because Iraqi forces were becoming more effective.
Strange case of Padilla gets stranger
The case of accused enemy combatant Jose Padilla gets more bizarre with every passing month. Rather than being a case that would establish the government's right to arrest even U.S. citizens on U.S. soil and imprison them forever without trial or access to an attorney, it is beginning to look like another public relations disaster for the Bush administration.

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This deals with the basic principles of surgery. It is essentially a student's textbook, and an excellent one. No man can meet present-day standards of surgery without a comprehensive knowledge of the perversions of physiology and of anatomy. Such problems of regional surgery presented, for instance, in appendicitis, peptic ulcer or cancer depend for their solution on detailed knowledge of such elemental subjects as inflammation, gangrene, ulcer, fistula, and the manner of origin, growth and spread of malignant tumors. The various chapters cover shock, wounds, hemorrhage, infection, gangrene, specific infections, malignancy and allied topics of general surgery. The book, though small, is surprisingly complete; it is systematic and well written. It deserves the attention of instructors in surgery.
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Behrend men, women repeat as AMCC swimming champions
GROVE CITY -- Penn State Behrend's men's and women's swimming and diving teams won the AMCC Championships Saturday at Grove City College.
The victories mark the seventh straight AMCC titles for both the men's and women's teams. The men's team won all 20 of the meet's events and finished with a score of 408. The women's team won nine events and finished with a score of 214.


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Greg Cosell: 'The Patriots would be a better defense if they had an edge rusher that demanded attention'
|04.03.12 at 2:39 pm ET
Greg Cosell hears you, Patriots fans. Cosell, who produces the show "NFL Matchup" for ESPN, and watches more game film than just about anyone, understands the hue and cry among New England fans to draft a pass rusher.
"I think an edge rusher that would demand attention is always important," Cosell said. "The Patriots would be a better defense if they had an edge rusher who demanded attention. That's what it comes down to."
Patriots director of player personnel Nick Caserio says this is a good draft if you're looking at the front seven. Rush linebackers who are expected to go in the first round include Whitney Mercilus, Courtney Upshaw and Melvin Ingram. Cosell, who calls sacks a "totally overrated" statistic, says the key is finding someone who will demand attention from an offensive coordinator. From there, he explains that it's a "domino effect."
"Having an edge rusher, he's not going to get 40 sacks. That won't happen," he said. "You want the defense, when they game plan, to have to say, 'We need to allocate an extra body for this guy.' So now, instead of being able to send five eligible receivers out, you can only send four. Defense then has an advantage right away. It's a domino effect.
"Football is a numbers game. How can you get to the quarterback with the fewest number of rushers? On offense, how can you protect your quarterback with the fewest number of protectors? It's all numbers. If you can win the numbers battle, pre-snap … because you have Randy Moss, who automatically allocates two guys. If you can win the numbers battle because you have DeMarcus Ware, who automatically dictates an extra guy somewhere along the line of scrimmage, you can do other things. That's what it all comes down to. It doesn't mean that he's going to get five sacks a game."
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Enter your postcode to find your nearest Greencross Vets clinic.
Book your pet's appointment online at Greencross Vets Ku-Ring-Gai.
Dr Gareth Moss: BVSc (Hons) MANZCVS (Small Animal Health).
Having always had close bonds with his pets Dr Gareth developed a strong understanding of how important the human-animal bond can be. Gareth's close family friend who was a vet, served as a strong role model.
Gareth graduated from the University of Sydney in 2007. He has spent his career in a variety of vet roles, most recently working as an emergency veterinarian in Hobart. Gareth became Veterinary Director in December 2014 and has set out to build on and promote the high standing of Greencross Vets Ku-Ring-Gai in the local community. Gareth's main clinical interest is in surgery and has undertaken further qualification in that field. Gareth lives on the North Shore with his wife Emily, a Turramurra native and they share their home with Poppy, an outspoken Italian Greyhound. Outside of work Gareth's time is devoted to passionately following the St Kilda Football Club and playing the drums.
Dr Jill Nash: BVSc(Hons)MACVSc MVetClinStud.
Jill is a highly experienced veterinarian with over 24yrs experience with 11yrs being with the practice.
Dr Jill Nash graduated from the University of Sydney in 1990 and has been with the practice since 2003. Having completed a residency and Masters degree in small animal surgery at Sydney University, as well as gaining membership by examination to the Australian College of Veterinary Scientists by examination, Dr Nash works as an expert surgical consultant. Dr Nash has worked in referral surgical practice in both Australia and the UK and has a wealth of experience in soft tissue and orthopaedic surgery.
Dr James Berman-BVSc (Hons2) MACVSc.
James graduated from the University of Sydney in 2002 and has been with the practice since 2013. He has worked at numerous general and specialist hospitals in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Dr Berman has a particular interest in Diagnostic Imaging and has had specialised training in ultrasound, x-rays and computed tomography.
12 years experience, 5 years with the practice.
Dr Jennifer Smith graduated from the University of Sydney in 2002 and has been with the practice since 2009. Dr Smith followed the 'all creatures great and small' dream working in the UK earlier in her career. Jennifer loves all aspects of general practice and is a highly experienced and competent clinician. She has completed further study in oncology, surgery and cardiology.
8 years experience, 4 years with the practice.
Dr Penelope Kingston graduated from the University of Sydney in 2006 and has been with the practice since 2010. She is the most motivated, enthusiastic and hard working vet you will ever have the pleasure to meet. Penelope has a particular interest in critical care and medicine. She is currently undertaking advanced study in Internal Medicine by distance education with the University of Sydney.
Dr Alisha Bae graduated from the University of Sydney in 2007 and has been with the practice since 2012. Dr Bae is extremely dedicated and thorough in her work. Alisha has interests in imaging and surgery in particular, and appears to have a natural ability in these fields.
Dr Britt-Louise Karlsson-BVSc MSc Zoology.
Britt-Louise grew up in Sweden and wanted to be a vet when she was young but got side tracked and has worked in different industries including restaurants, satellite and space craft computer manufacturing, shipping forwarding and more.
After travelling around the world she decided to change direction in life and graduated from UNSW with a Bachelor of Science, Zoology degree. She then moved on to do a Masters in Animal Behaviour at Gothenburg University in Sweden and whilst writing her PhD thesis in dog/dingo genetics back at UNSW she decided to study Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney. Britt-Louise also worked in Research and Human genetics!
Britt-Louise has a soft spot for cats and older animals, she used to work as a veterinary nurse at a feline only clinic during her veterinary studies.
Britt-Louise takes pride in being thorough and always tries to get the best outcome for your pet. She is calm around the animals and is especially good with handling cats.
She owns 3 indoor cats; one Turkish Van with an attitude and good sense of humour, and 2 rescue cats that are very sweet and funny, just like their owner.
When Britt-Louise is not cuddling cats or working at the clinic she is very active in martial arts and has been competing on an international level in both the Swedish and Australian national teams.
Dr Sabine Wilkins - MSc BVSc Hons
Dr Kirsten Gyles - BVSc.
Dr Kirsten recently started working at Greencross Vets Ku-Ring Gai and having grown up locally, knows the area well. After graduating from Veterinary Science Kirsten worked in mix practice in rural NSW, interstate and in the UK before returning to the leafy North Shore to bring up her 3 children. Kirsten currently lives on the Northern Beaches with her labrador 'Pippa' and moggy 'Lulu' and enjoys the beach, kayaking and long walks with Pippa. This year she is undertaking further study in veterinary medicine through a course at The University of Sydney.
Amanda has been passionate about animals since a young age, growing up with four family cats but was forever asking her parents for a dog. Her family got their first Labrador 'Roxi' when she was 12yrs and she has loved them ever since. She started her nursing career in 2012 in Adelaide, completing her Certificate IV in Veterinary Nursing in November 2015.
Upon moving to Sydney in January 2016 she transferred from her Greencross clinic in Adelaide to join the Greencross team at Ku-Ring-Gai. She currently shares her house with her black Labrador 'Indigo' who she spends her free time competing with in multiple dog sports.
Bronte started at Ku-Ring-Gai as a kennel hand whilst studying before moving up to a nursing role in 2013. A vet nurse for 3 years, Bronte finished her Certificate IV of Veterinary Nursing in 2014. She is also the practices valuable mentor for our volunteers and interns.
Bronte is the clinics live in nurse and looks after the animals after hours as well as during the day. She has two cats herself, Salem and Cinders, both rescue domestic short hair cats.
Bronte's passion at work is often with the bandaging and sometimes patients get to go home with their own unique design.
Lucy joined the team at Greencross Vets Ku-Ring-Gai at the end of 2015 after relocating from Canberra to Sydney.
She has been working as a vet nurse since 2008 and completed her Certificate IV in Veterinary Nursing in 2009 and gained her Diploma of Veterinary Nursing in General Practice in 2016.
Her interests include animal behaviour and training. At home, Lucy has a Bernese Mountain dog named Camembert and a Bearded Dragon named Truffles.
Eliza has grown up with a love for all animals and completed her bachelor of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience (Honours) in 2015. She plans to study Vet Science so that she can fulfil her dream of becoming a vet. Eliza has a particular interest in canine medicine: relating to both domestic and wild species.
Eliza especially loves dogs and lives with Arnie her Jack Russell and Millie her mini Schnauzer.
Yolanda brings 24 years business experience in the retail industry to her role at Greencross Vets Ku-Ring-Gai.
Some of her passions include all animals, bringing people together and supporting the great people who dedicate their lives to caring for and protecting our animals.
Yolanda has a gorgeous cat named Morris who came to her as a rescue after running away from home. He was homeless for 7 years and became the clinic cat at Ku-Ring-Gai when he was 2.4kg. The clinics nurses loved him back to health and he now lounges around at home with Yolanda's family.
View our comprehensive range of professional veterinary services, for all of your pet care needs.
Our teams at Greencross Vets are 'passionate about pets' and love what we do, get to know your local team.
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Info & Advice
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Age Concern Blandford was founded with the help of a grant from the National Lottery Fund in 1999 as a branch of Age Concern England. Originally the office was located above the Age UK shop in the Marketplace, but moved to its present premises later in 1999. In 2010 Age Concern and Help the Aged merged into one charity, Age UK. We will continue as Age Concern Blandford, operating as a Friend of Age UK Dorchester.
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Age Concern, Nightingale Court click here for map
Our Chairman has retired. Could you take his place as Chairman for this active group?
You will be supported by the Trustees and have the opportunity to train for the post.
Chair the committee meeting held bimonthly
Attend regional meetings
Support the group
Decision making
Volunteer time approx three hours a week
Tel 01258 458250 speak to Carol for more details
Could you spare 2ﺡﺛ hours a week to help man our Information & Advice desk? Full training given.
For further information, please phone 01258 458250
Until further notice, the Information and Advice office will only be open only on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays 10.00 - 13.00
Age Concern has the latest public information on proposed changes to Disability Living Allowance, Carer's Allowance, Attendance Allowance, PIPS, ESA
Call in at 4 Nightingale Court, off East St (open 10-1 Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, or ring 01258 458350, or email email@example.com for information and advice.
Many people get worried about their pet's future as they grow older. The owner may die, or may no longer be able to care for the pet (dog-walking, emptying cat litter trays, carrying home animal food once bought). Animal charities do their best to rehome if the worst happens, but it is often difficult to find a new home for older animals. Fortunately there are charities that can help. The Cinnamon Trust, for example, was started specifically to address this problem, and will try to keep owners and their pets together as long as possible by providing volunteer dog-walkers, for example, or fosterers who take the pet into their own homes. They will tackle the problem of any species of pet. CT also keep a register of Care Homes which are pet-friendly, so that owners don't necessarily have to dispose of a loved companion.Some smaller local charities will take on retired pets if they have room, but it is essential to check well in advance about this, as all such charities are already flooded with homeless and abandoned pets.For details, see www.cinnamon.org.uk/. AgeConcern Blandford Forum also holds a regularly updated copy of the Care Homes Pet-Friendly Register.
ﻗSwitch On to the BENEFITS of Pension Creditﻗ
From the Chancellorﻗs statement 29th November 2011
Age Concern Blandford Forum gratefully acknowledges the support provided by LCN in hosting this website without charge


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Fixed PriceBudget: $400
Start DateFebruary 28, 2013
Looking for someone to create a project for iPhone/Android from GitHub with a skeleton of a camera app. Ideally is native, but phoneGap/other libraries are also fine with us!
All the app needs to do is take a photo and upload / send it to our already existing endpoint where it will be saved to display later.
No filters, nothing crazy, just needs to take photos or allow users to upload photos from their phone to our endpoint. That's it, simple app!
No UI required, we just need the project to be able to run on our own xCode/Eclipse once you are done.
Skills: android-sdk, android-development, iphone-development, iphone-sdk, mobile-application-development
About the Client
United States
Framingham 06:41 AM
Jobs Posted
59% Hire Rate, 1 Open Job
Over $50,000
Total Spent
77 Hires, 2 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
6,781 Hours


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How to Choose the Right Blog for Your Content
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it is fair to say that the Nokia Lumia 920 has refreshing design which is also more durable than the Apple iPhone 5.
Rules of Success in SEO Link Purchasing - Aries Jobs
This article gives you a few tips to ensure that you get quality links, and gives you a few ideas of safer places to SEO link purchasing.
Is Windows Phone 8 Real Competition for iOS6? - Aries Jobs
Microsoft is pushing the release of Windows Phone 8 hard, which the company released just a few months after iOS released iOS6.
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The Apple iPhone 3GS features takes advantage of all the great features of iOS 4. iPhone 3GS is what more to love and less to pay.
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Before putting your house on the market, get Brett Furman's MUST READ book What You Really Need to Know about Selling Your House and read it cover to cover!
You're Invited! Learn and dine with Brett Furman during his COMPLIMENTARY dinner and seminar on home selling. Strategies, secrets, and a Q&A!
The Home Seller Concierge Service is your personal connection to trusted contractors, vendors, and countless other tried and true industry professionals, from house painters to mortgage representatives!
"I used Brett as the listing agent for my home in West Chester, PA. I chose Brett because of his many years of experience and his favorable reviews in Angie's List. He did not disappoint. My home was sold in only about 10 days. Along the way from contract to settlement, Brett handled some sensitive negotiations with my buyer where his experience and confidence were valuable. Communication was excellent. Brett returned my calls and emails very promptly. I recommend Brett with confidence."
"I called Brett to find out if he was available to sell my house as I saw he was the top rated realtor on Angie's List. It turned out that he was located too far out; however, he took my name and number and researched available agents in our area. He then interviewed someone he thought would work well with us. He then called us back and told us about her good resume and recommendations. I thought Brett went out of his way to ensure we had a good experience through calling his company. I would recommend him based on his professionalism, thoroughness, and content of his website."
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Whether you're building your home and buying a dishwasher for the first time, or renovating your kitchen, new dishwasher models can offer a variety of benefits from shortened cleaning cycles to a heavy-duty pots and pans mode. If you wash a lot of dishes and want something that's powerful enough to handle the job or you're looking for new technology that's quiet and energy efficient, there are many modern features that set different dishwashers apart.
Built-in dishwashers are best for…
People with ample kitchen space: If you have the room, a built-in model is definitely the way to go. Built-in dishwashers slide right under the cabinet near your sink with access to a water supply, and you can match these models better with other large kitchen appliances.
People who love to multi-task: Built-in dishwashers are connected to your home plumbing on an independent water line, so you can still use your kitchen sink while the dishwasher is running.
These machines usually have wheels on the bottom so they can be moved easily out of the room when not in use or close to the sink if your space doesn't account for short hoses. You can even find smaller models, like countertop dishwashers, ideal for small kitchens or college dorm rooms.
Portable dishwashers are best for…
People with limited kitchen space: A portable dishwasher is a great option for smaller spaces when a built-in model simply won't fit. Some also have optional countertop and butcher block surfaces if your space is limited.
People who frequently move: Built-in dishwashers typically stay with the home. However, portable dishwashers are easy to move, so you can take them with you from one home to the next to really maximize the value of your purchase.
Built-in and portable dishwashers work in the same way, so your available space will be one of the biggest factors when deciding between the two types. Be mindful of technological features that can help you cut back on tedious tasks like pre-rinsing and hand drying. When making an educated decision, you'll also want to monitor your carbon footprint by choosing a model that's eco-friendly and energy efficient. Before committing to a certain model, consider the amount and types of dishes you use, how often you'll run the dishwasher and how much space you have in your kitchen.


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By Melvyn Kohn
April 20, 2010
A little known Latin American country is makings lots of news but we do not hear of it. Expect to soon though, as it is hosting an international summit for Earth Day and James Cameron is already there, in Cochabamba, the birthplace of that famous maths teacher, Jaime Escalante - known as the best teacher America ever had. His epic battle to improve education for inner city youths is documented in the film "Stand and Deliver". He used to wear a poncho in the classroom to express his solidarity with his homeland.
However, another son of the land has harsh words for Bolivia, and for the indigenous people in particular: Jose Brechner, a former politician. Did not Shakespeare say that hell hath no fury like a politician scorned? Maybe not, but he could have. This guy's rants about the Indians in Bolivia sound like they are right out of Mein Kampf...maybe I was thinking of that as today is Hitler's birthday...and he would be right alongside Herr Brechner with his opinions. But, ironically, Brechner is the son of Shoah survivor. He ought to know better, but politics can warp the mind, as birthday boy can attest. Sometimes innocent people suffer for these rants, and Brechner, who it turns out writes for Ha'aretz, needs to be reminded of this.
Back to Bolivia and their progress - they now have the highest GDP growth rate for the region and the World Bank has had to admit they are on the right track. Now led by one of the indigenous Indians, an Aymara named Evo Morales, they are making great strides. He reminds me of Ben Gurion, who had to make a coalition government if Israel was to last a day. Ben Gurion also had to kick out extremists, some of whom thought it was their right to kill those who did not agree with them. Similar people in Bolivia were out to put these tactics into practice with Senor Morales, but they got caught in April last year, about which I wrote on David Toube's site, www.hurryupharry.org on 20 May, 2009: "Spies, Lies and Journalists: 007 and a failed coup in Bolivia" - http://hurryupharry.org/2009/05/20/spies-lies-and-journalists-007-and-a-...
Glad the Aymara survived his would-be assassins. One notes, however, that Israel and Bolivia severed diplomatic relations in 2008 over what Morales perceives to be the plight of the Palestinians; that broiges is sad, but let it be noted there is no strain of anti-Semitism here, it is just a feeling on his part towards perceived injustice, and I hope that relations in the future will be patched up. Looks that way as many a former IDF soldier chooses to spend their days after the army backpacking this Andean nation; with 1450 species of birds to look at, 1200+ species of orchids, bromeliads, mountains, colonial architecture, waterfalls, golfing, fishing, you-name-it, they are smart to choose Bolivia as a destination and forget politics for the moment.
Some of our tribe in New York chose to be on board of the newly founded Amigos de Bolivia, which is looking to promote the country to the public with events in New York. Some of them have been attending lectures on Bolivia at NYU, which happens to be Brechner's alma mater. No one there seems to have heard of him, and I doubt if the NYU folks want such a racist on their campus stirring up hatred as Hitler did in his day...instead, expect to hear more of the culture, languages (Spanish is the official one now, but they are making Aymara, Guarani and Quechua official languages in the future), and beautiful scenery of this country.
For more on this nation, check out Carlos Reyes' site www.cuentasdebolivia.blogspot.com
And for your next holiday, you know where to go. You may run into some famous filmmakers and/or young people speaking Hebrew.


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The outdoor concert series is at Moscow's East City Park and this year it'll last from Friday the18th till Sunday the 20th. Rendezvous is a volunteer-driven non-profit organization, and they're still looking for volunteers to help out with the "Rendezvous for Kids" festival next Thursday and Friday.
"It's a during the day event, they get lunch and they get snacks, and they get a T-shirt and it's an arts and experience that they get to go through with some local artists and musicians that put on some workshops for them," said Rendezvous in the Park Board Member Scott Fedale.
If you'd like to volunteer, call 208-882-1178. If you'd like to register your kid for the arts festival, go to Rendezvous-in-the-Park-dot-com. You can also buy your tickets on that site. The entire event is family friendly. This will be the 32nd Rendezvous, and this year's headliners include the Hog Heaven Big Band, The Washington-Idaho Symphony, and the platinum-selling alternative rock band Dishwalla.
You can find more information on their website:


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I've attempted some very minimal coding. Some people are really geeking out over it, thinking that teaching young persons to code is going to heal the world, or something. Don't get me wrong, it's an interesting idea. The practical realities of these initiatives, however, seem to elude many advocates. Nevertheless, the Year of Code overseas […]
Required viewing for all #edtech enthusiasts
Seriously. Minimize screen time, especially for the youngest. It's a sad habit.
A basic assumption about #commoncore that's insufficient #edtech
Very simple. I've heard many arguments about how stupendously awesome common core is and will be. Regarding the tests, I hear frequently that they're better because, quite simply, they're on the computer. So, on computer automatically means better. I see. Innovation.
With or without #edtech, same goals are possible
Fantastic image. Great point. Seems like #edtech is being sold as the end and not a means to an end, with or without technology. The problem with the push for edtech in some regard is the gobs of money to be made of selling these tools, which is exclusive from their pedagogical value.
Is #ISTE13 a substantive debate on #edtech or just a business convention?
I'm guessing the latter based on sponsorship (Microsoft, Pearson, DELL, etc.). The really interesting thing is to examine the various presentations and you start to wonder who's an actual scholar versus some company hack trying to sell something. It's difficult with all of the organizations and research firms that are made to sound like some […]


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Spartacus barbershop quartet album strongly criticised
Posted by Ed Williamson at 12:30 on 13 Jul 2012
"I expected more Everly Brothers covers," remarked one insider.
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text: This had been the best B&B experience over the last 15 years. It has sadly closed effective 30 April. Having stayed here at least 18 times over the last 15 years has been a pleasure for our family and a second home to us. Thanks for the great memories !


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David Swanson: Taxes are a byproduct of wars. Were it not for wars and war propaganda, this country would have never begun paying taxes. If we were to end wars, and only if we were to end wars, we could consider ending taxes too.
Operation Full Disclosure
U.S. Tour of Duty, ICUJP and Antiwar.com present Operation Full Disclosure, a counteroffensive in response to the war on whistleblowers Mediterranean lunch and discussion with DAVID SWANSON
Tax War!
Tina Dupuy: Republicans claim to be the arbiters of fiscal discipline, but their record says otherwise. The Ryan Plan, which passed the House, was like a cat burglar writing the charter for the neighborhood watch.
Libya's True Costs
Ivan Eland: As in George W. Bush's invasion of Iraq, analysis of the stated reasons for President Barack Obama's attack on Libya lead to a lot of head-scratching.
Obama: We Won't Sacrifice Schools for Wars
Randy Shaw: In a galvanizing April Fools' Day speech in Madison, Wisconsin, President Barack Obama announced that his Administration would "no longer prioritize military spending over educating our children."
Obama and War
John Peeler: Obama has done, in the Libyan case, just what he said he would: with UN Security Council and Arab League authorization, he has put together a coalition to take limited military measures to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe.
Tax-Deductible Invasions
Walter Brasch: If 60 million Americans want war, and the cost is a mere $300 million a week, then each supporter would have about $5 per week deducted from his or her paycheck.
Samantha Power Goes to War
Tom Hayden: Obama is ill-advised on foreign policy if his national security elite, including idealists like Power, assume that Americans will have to accept a declining standard of living to put a stop to dictators abroad.
On Visiting an Unwinnable War
David Swanson: If Afghanistan is to have peace, Galtung believes, it will need a loose federation of governments within and a confederation of allied countries without, including countries like Pakistan and Iran.
War and Workers
Lydia Howell: Whether it's debt-ridden college graduates working as baristas or small town youth with only fast-food and Wal-Mart as post-high school career options, high unemployment keeps a volunteer military ranks full.
Marcy Winograd for Congress 2011 Special Election
Marcy Winograd announced she is kicking off a campaign to fill Jane Harman's vacated 36th CD seat. The kick off starts Saturday, Feb. 26, 10 am in front of Fox Drug of Torrance (Old Town), 1327 El Prado, Torrance, 90501. Last June, Marcy Winograd, a teacher at Crenshaw High School, ran against the incumbent Jane Harman and received 41% of the vote.
On Wisconsin: End the War, Invest at Home
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The End of America's Middle East Empire
As we've watched the dramatic events in the Middle East, you would hardly know that we had a thing to do with them. Oh yes, in the name of its War on Terror, Washington had for years backed most of the thuggish governments now under siege or anxious that they may be next in line […]
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Milwaukee Opera Theatre, Genghis Barbie rock the art song
Audiences at opera singers' recitals do not, customarily, pump their arms and cheer. Of course, singers at said recitals don't usually perform tunes by Queen and Guns N' Roses flanked by a quartet of female horn players, either.
Saturday evening's Milwaukee Opera Theatre presentation of Andrew Wilkowske in "Guns N' Rosenkavalier," directed by John Glover at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music, was a riot of rule-breaking, genre-bending tunes from the worlds of art song and rock. »Read Full Article
This is the final weekend for most Milwaukee County Parks pools
Milwaukee County Parks pools will begin closing after this weekend as lifeguards begin heading back to campus.
Deep-well pools will remain open through Sunday. Those are the pools in Hales Corners, Holler, Jackson, Kosciuszko, McCarty, Oak Creek Parkway, Sheridan, Washington and Wilson parks. »Read Full Article(4)


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W.R. "Bill" McClenny, 89, died Wednesday, April 10, 2002.
Graveside services will be at 11 a.m. Friday in Llano Cemetery Mausoleum Chapel with Graham Harvey of Temple Baptist Church officiating. Arrangements are by N.S. Griggs and Sons Funeral Directors, 2615 Paramount Blvd.
Mr. McClenny was born in Dallas and has been an Amarillo resident since 1941. He owned and operated Bill's Delivery Service in Amarillo from 1951 until 1969.
He was a bus driver for the city of Amarillo from 1969 until 1978. He was a member of Temple Baptist Church. He married Ola Bell Fowler on Feb. 9, 1933, in Hollis, Okla.
Survivors include his wife; and two brothers, Emmett McClenny of Amarillo and James McClenny of Longview, Ore.
The family suggests memorials be to Crown of Texas Hospice or National Alzheimer's Association.
Amarillo Globe-News, April 11, 2002
© 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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'This Town' puts D.C. under witty, insightful, sobering microscope
The clubby political world of Washington, D.C., as Mark Leibovich describes it in "This Town," resembles WWE a little: faces and heels acting out story lines of intense conflict while all working together to get rich.
"A gold rush has enthralled the place," Leibovich writes. "It has, in recent years, become a crucible of easy wealth, fame, forgiveness and next acts. Punditry has replaced reporting as journalism's highest calling, accompanied by a mad dash of 'self-branding,' to borrow a term that had now fully infested the city." »Read Full Article
Justin Vernon's Volcano Choir gives Pabst a phenomenal night
Volcano Choir's national exposure, its "Jimmy Fallon" appearance, its first-ever, major U.S. tour — it can all be credited to its frontman Justin Vernon, the Eau Claire artist behind Bon Iver.
But Vernon couldn't take all the credit for Saturday's sold-out Pabst Theater show. »Read Full Article(4)
MSO, chorus and more bring Ravel, Stravinsky pieces to life
It takes a village to perform Ravel's "Daphnis and Chloe."
The Uihlein Hall stage was filled to apparent capacity Friday evening as the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, Milwaukee Symphony Chorus, guest conductor Roberto Abbado and several extra musicians gave a riveting performance of the complete ballet score of "Daphnis." »Read Full Article
Rep puts it all on the line with extraordinarily honest 'Venus'
"How far should we go?"
In David Ives' "Venus in Fur," the actress asking that question is ostensibly inquiring about how much of the script to read during her audition. But in a play where lines continually bend and double, Vanda Jordan is also wondering whether the man assessing her is willing to be honest about the meaning of his play, his desires and his life. »Read Full Article
Kids in the Hall's Kevin McDonald teaching ComedySportz workshop
Canadian comedy troupe the Kids in the Hall gave the world the Chicken Lady, the Headcrusher and Buddy Cole--and has maintained a fervent cult following 18 years after its TV series went off the air.
Now you can learn their comic tricks first-hand when troupe member Kevin McDonald comes to ComedySportz Milwaukee, 420 S. 1st St., for a two-day, 14-hour sketch comedy workshop Nov. 16 and 17. »Read Full Article(1)
Digital Billboard Art Month; Antiques Show; ARToberfest
Looking up
I-94 and some streets in old Milwaukee become art galleries this week as part of Digital Billboard Art Month. IN:SITE, the temporary public art masters, working with the area's outdoor advertising leaders, the mayor's office and local arts and scholastic organizations, are putting on an art show in the air using 18 digital billboards. These special billboards will be on display Tuesday through Oct. 10. »Read Full Article
Performing Arts Events
Barnes & Noble Bayshore: Jenifer LeClair "Cold Coast," 2 p.m. Sept. 29, 5755 N. Bayshore Drive, Glendale, (414) 967-1610. »Read Full Article
Milwaukee Film Festival pick: Day Three
The Milwaukee Film Festival cruises into the weekend with 27 screenings Saturday alone.
There's an appearance by Milwaukee director and "Soul Food" creator George Tillman Jr. at a screening of his new R-rated film "The Inevitable Defeat of Mister and Pete," at 7:30 p.m. at the Oriental, and of his 2009 film "Notorious" at noon at the Downer Theater. »Read Full Blog Post


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Shelly Sterling tells the Today Show she will fight to keep Clippers
Shelly Sterling, estranged wife of Los Angeles Clippers owner Donald Sterling, vowed to fight the NBA's attempts "as far as I can go" to remove her as part owner of the team.
Sterling sat down with TODAY's Savannah Guthrie to respond to her husband's interview with CNN Monday night, in which he made new controversial comments about basketball legend Magic Johnson.
"I'm very angry. And I'm very hurt. And I even cried listening to that, because I just feel bad," she told Guthrie in a sit-down that aired Tuesday on TODAY. "And then I feel bad. Why am I the victim when he's the perpetrator? If somebody killed somebody, does the wife have to stand trial too?"
In the interview Monday night with Anderson Cooper, Donald kicked up renewed controversy when he criticized Johnson, claiming he has not done anything to help others, particularly in the African-American community.
"What kind of a guy goes to every city, has sex with every girl, then he catches HIV?'' Donald said. "Is that someone we want to respect and tell our kids about? I think he should be ashamed of himself. I think he should go into the background. But what does he do for the black people? He doesn't do anything." MORE..


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Theater Production Poster Design
This project was awarded to inspirad for $90 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Project Description
This project is for inspirad who has already provided the website design for our upcoming theater production. We are in need of a poster design that will be used to promote the theater production. We will also be using the design to print marketing postcards for the show.
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In this interview with Maish Saidel-Keesing of Cisco, we share a sneak peek of his talk at the OpenStack Summit in Vancouver on integrating OpenStack into a Jenkins continuous integration workflow.
Libraries love the idea of open source, but believe that they need a huge IT staff to pull it off. That's where Bywater comes in—their support replaces the need for a more robust IT staff.
The Opensource.com weekly look at what is happening in the OpenStack community and the open source cloud at large.
In this interview with Nati Shalom of GigaSpaces, we learned a little bit about what the future holds for containers, orchestration, and OpenStack.
In my interview with her prior to her talk at DrupalCon in Los Angeles on May 11 - 15, I asked Shannon a little bit about herself and her job—plus, she answers what web developers don't understand about strategic messaging and content strategy, and some tips to help.
When we first started there were just two of us, but as the months have progressed we've seen our contributors list begin to grow. It got me thinking about what it takes to be a good maintainer and how we'll make sure that the project continues to run smoothly for the years to come.
Łukasz Jernaś tells us about the talk he'll be giving at OpenStack Summit in Vancouver; he shares more about OpenStack translation.
The Weather Company's Jason Smith has built or architected solutions ranging from enterprise to small business class and has found in Drupal a flexible, scalable, rapid development framework for targeting all levels of projects.
Bitnami is essentially an app store for server software, offering over 100 fully integrated and ready-to-run application packages.
Get ready for OpenStack Summit, taking place May 18-22 in Vancouver, British Columbia, with this agenda preview and a great collection of OpenStack resources.


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- Miss on the revenue.
- Miss on cost per click (fell 4%).
- Miss on Motorola Mobility revenue ($1B vs $1.51B last quarter).
- Tax paid only 8% compared to 18% in previous quarter.
Nobody cares about Motorola Mobility. Strip that out and they beat revenue numbers. The big guys have factored in that as a loss going forward. But because of that Motorola business they get a sweet tax deal. So good deal for GOOG! My point is the part of the business that is expected to keep growing fast is doing just that. GOOG growing fast and consistant and if you compare to AAPL who will see declining revenue and profits. In the next few years GOOG revenue and earning will surpass Apple. That is a fact. The Apple fad is over. Stock going to 200.
Looks like the market disagrees. Up nicely yesterday.


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Talk:Multivariate statistics
|WikiProject Statistics
|(Rated Start-class, High-importance)
possible additions[edit]
Here are a few possible additions to this page, both as a note for myself and as an invitation for discussion:
- Brief discussion of ordination and classification and how the multivariate techniques listed fit into those categories.
- Link to factor analysis and mention of how it and PCA are related.
- Link to cluster analysis.
- Discussion of the kinds of research questions for which multivariate statistics might be most appropriate.
--Belgrano 23:44, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
Currently this page is a little misleading as it does not differentiate between models where more than one variable is modelled as random (multivariate) and those, like that commonly referred to as multiple regression, where only one variable is modelled as random but many explanatory variables are included. These are really univariate and I find it helpful to describe them as multivariable - although not a perfect term since a random variable is also a variable. The advantage of this comes when one uses multiple explanatory variables in a true multivariate regression and can just use both terms to describe the model.220.127.116.11 17:20, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
- in multiple regression you can have explanatory variables that are random! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 06:01, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
I agree somewhat with the previous comment. The words multivariate and multivariable have separate and distinct meanings in statistics. Multivariate is used when multiple dependent variables are used (aka outcomes, responses), while multivariable refers to the case when you have multiple predictors (aka, independent variables). Some of the methods listed on this page are not obviously multivariate, such as regression and logistic regression, although they could be. When they are, they are usually referred to as multivariate regression. 220.127.116.11 (talk) 04:01, 29 February 2008 (UTC)Wade
I too agree with the above comment. It is a basic error that many people that use stats make and needs to be clarified.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Astrovouk (talk • contribs) 04:36, 15 October 2009 (UTC)
regression analysis restricted to the linear case?[edit]
I don´t understand why are you listing "regression analysis" as being only a linear regression, and listing logistics models as a separate thing. Isn´t linear regression and logistic regression, as well as probit, tobit, etc. different models of regression, all of them included in "regression analysis"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 05:57, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
Yes - this was strange, and since regression isn't normally considered a multivariate technique, I've removed it. RMGunton (talk) 23:59, 16 March 2010 (UTC)
Removing regression[edit]
I agree with the comment above that "regression" isn't normally considered a multivariate technique (and that "multivariable" seems a better term). It therefore doesn't belong on this page; if it did then there should also be discussion of 2-way ANOVA, etc - indeed the whole category of general linear models, since these allow for multiple predictors. I'm taking the liberty of removing this now. Redundancy analysis is the multivariate analogue of regression. RMGunton (talk) 23:51, 16 March 2010 (UTC)
- The point you make is a valid one. Makewater (talk) 14:18, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
- The point here shows a confusion between "multivariate regression", in which the dependent variables can be multidimensional, and "multiple regression" in which the independent variables are multidimensional. Thus, in "multivariate regression", the residual for a given observation is multidimensional and hence there is a need to treat the statistical dependence between the elements of the residual vector. Melcombe (talk) 08:44, 2 September 2010 (UTC)
Other material removed[edit]
The following entry was under "Types of Analysis" but it appears to be simply an example of a paper that uses multivariate statistics. As such, it doesn't seem to belong here, unless the page were extended with an "examples" section (but this could be almost infinitely long). RMGunton (talk) 21:19, 4 August 2011 (UTC)
- Geostatistics for complex geological phenomena also involves multivariate statistics. The modeling in these multiple-point geostatistics can be performed using pattern-based modeling [1].
Is the InsightsNow link in the external links spam? No relevance to multivariate stats, just landing page of a company. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 16:11, 7 January 2013 (UTC)
IS LDA limited to the use of normally distributed data????[edit]
IS LDA limited to the use of normally distributed data? yes according to here[[1]]
no according to [[2]] or http://bama.ua.edu/~jleeper/627/choosestat.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 18:36, 12 February 2014 (UTC)
- ^ Honarkhah, M and Caers, J, 2010, Stochastic Simulation of Patterns Using Distance-Based Pattern Modeling, Mathematical Geosciences, 42: 487 - 517


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|Girls, Boys
Fishsticks Designs offers sewing patterns for unique and modern clothing that is always practical for you and your family. Fishsticks Designs was born from my desire to not only sew clothing for my ...
Fishsticks Designs offers sewing patterns for unique and modern clothing that is always practical for you and your family. Fishsticks Designs was born from my desire to not only sew clothing for my own children but also to teach other moms (and grandmas, and aunts, and maybe even a few dads) to do the same. Each of my patterns includes step-by-step instructions with words and pictures so that you can read and see what to do next. It's almost like sitting in my sewing room with me. It's at least the closest that I can get without you stopping by for a visit.
I'm blessed to be mom to six children, two girls and four boys. Because my youngest three are boys and they're the ones I sew for the most, I tend to focus my designing on patterns that work great for boys. I also enjoy creating patterns with an incredible amount of versatility so that you can become comfortable with a pattern and go back to it again and again without your end products looking exactly the same. I want you to be able to build a whole wardrobe for your child from just a few patterns.
I begin each pattern with a hand-drawn design and work to get the fit just right for my little ones. Then I transfer my hand-drawn design the computer and create a digital design which is then graded up and down to each of the sizes included with the pattern. Once the pattern is ready, I call on my skilled testers to test out the pattern, instructions and sizing.
My end goal is to give you a great-fitting, easy-to-follow pattern each time!
Her children arise and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praises her. Proverbs 31:28
The Little Fishies Undies pattern was designed to give your little one cute, comfortable, full-coverage underwear. This pattern is sewn with knit fabrics and a hidden elastic waistband. The waist and side seams are hidden between an inner and outer layer for a more comfortable fit. Instructions are included for turning your undies into trainers, as well.
This pattern is designed to be sewn with cotton or cotton blend knit fabrics.


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Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
Can some one help a novice
I am kinda teaching myself java and got stuck trying to create a a program to translate 10 words bi-directional from english to spaniah, using two different String Arrays one consist of english words and one consist of spanish words. Can someone help this novice out?
import java.io.*;//tell Java we are using java.io libary.
import java.util.*;//Java utility package also for Scanner class
public class transWords //Naming the program.
public static void main(String[ ]args)throws Exception
//This set-up allow for user to input using keyboard.
Scanner input= new Scanner(System.in);
//Declaring Array String.
String[]englishTrans={"color","white","blue","green","blac k","purple",};
//Declaring Array String.
String[]spanishTrans={"en color","blanco","azul","verde","negro","purpúreo", };
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
What's the exact nature of help you are looking for? the code snippet is probably incomplete!
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
hi Pradeep,
For sorting a 1D array we used the simply Bubble sort aLgorithm which worked perfectly fine...but we cant write the code 4 the 2D array as we had written earlier....
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
i want to show a 2D array corresponding to a .jpg/.gif/.png image file in a separate window. suppose i have...
class Image {
protected int width,height;
// 'samples' stores the image pixel values.
protected int[][] samples;
// Constructor: Reads the image from the
// specified file name.
public Image(String filename)
throws Exception { read(filename); }
// Returns the pixel width of the image.
public int getWidth() { return width; }
// Returns the pixel height of the image.
public int getHeight() { return height; }
// Reads the image from the specified file
// name into the 'samples' array. Throws an
// exception if the image is stored in an
// unsupported file format (currently only
// .GIF, .JPG, and .PNG are supported by Sun).
public void read(String filename)
throws Exception {
// Extract the file name suffix...
from the startup java file like..
import java.awt.*;
import javax.imageio.*;
class TestImage {
public static void main(String args[])
throws Exception {
// Create a frame to display the image.
Frame frame = new Frame("Test Image");
Graphics gc = frame.getGraphics();
try {
// Read the image from the file.
Image img = new Image("Horse.jpg");
I want to access the int [][] samples array then want to disply this array values in a separate windo or applet..How to approach......
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
i'm trying to create a method that adds an element in an existing string array. Kind of like the arraylist "add()" method.
so far, i have this
String[] addToArray(String[] strArray1, String s)
return strArray1+s;
but this doesnt work...
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
There already exists such a method, it's called push!
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
I need to compare 2 words in a given name and see if any part of the name in index [0] (first name and/or surname) matches the rest of the names. For instance,
robert smith | robert mathews | john robert | john roberts
Basically, only the first and lastname in the first index ("robert smith") needs to be compared with rest of the first and the last names. '
How do I go about this?
I'm successful in comparing just 1 word. eg: robert|RoBERT|smith
boolean result1= choiceKeys[0].equalsIgnoreCase (choiceKeys[i+1]);
What should I do when I have 2 words?
Thanks in advance,
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
I am inteested in adding elements to 2D array.
So i do like this
i have always one input as prod id ; where i get from parameter
then the for loop
int n = productsid;
i dont get the prod id?? what ican do ??
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
Hi Pradeep,
Can you use a 2d array to make a chess board and store the pieces within it?.
Re: Multi-dimensional arrays in Java
Thanks for posting. A article on handling arrays for sorting and searching would be great.
|All times are GMT +5.5. The time now is 15:53.


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Motley Crue's Vince Neil Buys Arena Football League Team
Motley Crue frontman Vince Neil has joined a group of others to buy the Jacksonville Sharks, and plans to move the Arena Football League team to his hometown of Las Vegas.
Motley Crue frontman Vince Neil has joined a group of others to buy the Jacksonville Sharks, and plans to move the Arena Football League team to his hometown of Las Vegas.
Motley Crue are making sure they go out with a bang rather than a whimper. That includes not only the massive 'Final Tour' they're preparing to embark on, but also the finally realized big screen adaptation of their best-selling book, 'The Dirt.' Director Jeff Tremaine, best known for his work on the 'Jackass' films and 'Bad Grandpa,' was recently chosen to oversee the movie and Loudwire spoke to him about bringing 'The Dirt' to the big screen.
A big congratulations to Motley Crue bassist Nikki Sixx as he kickstarts his married life with his beautiful bride, Courtney Bingham! The pair wed yesterday (March 15) at the Greystone Mansion in Los Angeles.
Talk about a huge lineup, this concert festival is a good enough reason to plan a trip to the Great White North. The ninth annual PNR Amnesia Rockfest will hit its massive festival crowd on June 20 + 21 with acts such as Motley Crue, Megadeth, Alice in Chains, Blink-182, Mastodon + many more.
Since forming in 1981, Motley Crue's lineup has remained relatively stable. While both Vince Neil and Tommy Lee tried their hands at solo careers, they were eventually brought back into the fold. Recently, Mick Mars revealed that he came dangerously close to quitting during the recording of 1997's 'Generation Swine,'
This week's 'That Metal Show' will feature a pair of rockers who have kept the rock spirit alive in four different decades. The main panel guest of the night will be Motley Crue's Mick Mars. The guitarist, making his first ever appearance on the show, will also be joined by Cinderella frontman Tom Keifer, who is also promoting his new 'The Way Life Goes' solo album.
Motley Crue recently announced their farewell run dubbed 'The Final Tour' and made it official by signing a binding document that they would not tour again beyond the year 2015. The press conference included the first leg of tour dates and now the band has revealed more stops, including 2 dates right here in the Lone Star State.
When Motley Crue announced their 'Final Tour,' they signed a legally binding "Cessation of Touring Agreement" forbidding their members from using their name in future live endeavors. In a new interview, Nikki Sixx explained that the band decided to take that approach as a matter of pride.
Yes, Motley Crue just signed a legal document that states that they no longer will be able to tour after they complete a worldwide run of shows through 2015. However, the 'Final Tour' may not be end of the band as a whole. Speaking to 'Shmonty and Conklin in the Morning' radio show on KDKB in Phoenix, singer Vince Neil stated that there's been a lot of speculation about what it would take for them to reunite and he also discussed their future beyond the tour.
Yesterday Motley Crue confirmed that they will embark on one final world tour before ending their career. At the press conference announcing this trek, they even signed a first of its kind 'Cessation of Touring' contract that apparently prevents them from getting back together, just to show how serious they are.
One of the most notorious bands in music is calling it a day. Motley Cruehave announced a farewell tour with the legendary Alice Cooper serving as the opening act. Cooper and Motley Crue have never toured together before, and Alice says the tour will be "rock and roll at its most extreme," and for those of us in Texas, we'll get the chance to see them in October.
It appears that Motley Crue's long talked-about farewell tour will be announced soon. And as a bonus to fans, it seems the opening act will be one of their heroes, Alice Cooper.


text:
KBRR Brown Bag Lecture with Steve Kibler > Harmful Algal Blooms: Better Tools for Detection & Quantification
Alaska Islands & Ocean Visitor Center
Seminar Room
Homer, AK 99603
Phone: 235-6961
You are invited to a brown bag lunch lecture by Steve Kibler highlighting his work in North Carolina and Alaska to better understand the ecology of harmful marine phytoplankton and the environmental factors that govern their distribution and abundance. Feel free to bring your lunch.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) pose a significant threat to shellfish harvest, sale and consumption in south-central Alaska. In particular, minimizing the threat of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) caused by toxic Alexandrium species is hampered by unreliable identification of Alexandrium cells in plankton samples and measurement of PSP toxins in shellfish. More reliable methods are needed.
Work with HAB species in other locations has yielded species-specific cell labeling and quantification methods, as well as cost-effective, antibody-based toxin measurement tools. These methods may be utilized in Alaska to better detect Alexandrium cells prior to PSP events and better prevent human exposure to toxic shellfish.
Steve Kibler is an oceanographer from NOAA's National Ocean Service laboratory in Beaufort, North Carolina.
This brown bag presentation is sponsored by Kachemak Bay Research Reserve & NOAA's National Ocean Service Center for Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Research
Thursday, 28 August, 2014
Contact:Carmen Field
Phone: 226-4659
Save this Event:iCalendar
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Share this Event:Email to a Friend


text:
Have a killer party with Gummy Sharks Candy Grab Bags!
Every party needs our Gummy Sharks Candy Grab Bags. These shark shaped gummy candies come in assorted fruit flavors and colors. You will receive 8 packages of candy - with each 3 inch square package containing 3 sharks. The Gummy Sharks Candy Grab Bags are perfect for filling birthday party or sleepover treat bags.
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our ship date for this product is noted in your shopping cart. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at (email@example.com or 1-800-314-8794).
Do you have questions about this product?
Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Q:Is this candy made in there USA?
1 answer
A:Gummy Sharks are made in Germany.


text:
Acoustix Entertainment - Sioux City, IA - Phone: (712) 277-8747
Celebrations Mobile Music - Sioux City, IA - Phone: (712) 277-0063
D J Joe's Juke Box Mobil Music - Sioux City, IA - Phone: (712) 277-1570
Monster Karaoke & DJ Service - Sioux City, IA - Phone: (712) 274-1299
A disc jockey in Sioux City, also known as deejay, is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience. The term includes all forms of music playback, no matter the medium. There are several types of disc jockeys. Radio DJs introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, shortwave, digital, or internet radio stations. Club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs, discotheques, at raves, or even in a stadium. Hip hop disc jockeys select and play music using multiple turntables, often to back up one or more MCs, and they may also do turntable scratching to create percussive sounds. In reggae, the deejay is a vocalist who raps, toasts or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks while the individual choosing and playing them is referred to as a selector. Mobile DJs travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events.
Alliance for Green Heat and NYSERDA Announce Seven Finalists in International Pellet Stove Competition
Two New York teams are among the finalists (Long Island, NY) Alliance for Green Heat and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) today announced that seven pellet stoves have been chosen as finalists in the Pellet Stove Design Challenge. This international competition, administered by the Alliance for Green Heat, identifies innovative low emissions and high efficiency..


text:
Looking for CLARKE of USA
Jacob CLARKE born about 1795 in USA married to Elizabeth YOUNG and moved to Ontario Canada around 1815.
Their children are James, John, William, Henry, Samuel, Robert, Sarah, David and Phoebe.
on 2012-11-24 18:34:06
sheric9 has been a Family Tree Circles member since Nov 2012.
Is this the same Jacob Clarke
Name: Jacob CLARKE
Given Name: Jacob
Surname: Clarke
Sex: M
Birth: 1794-1797 in , , United States
Death: 1864 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
Change Date: 7 Feb 2012 at 12:48
He received a land grant for fighting in the militia during the war of 1812.
Ontario Land Abstract Archives of Ontario has a
Jacob CLARKE - Prince Edward County - Date ( nd - no date) FG - =Free Grant Military RG 01 C13 090 Page 070
He appears on the 1861 census as living on Con #4 Lot101 in Hillier Twp Prince Edward Co./Hillier Twp/Dist #3/ page 3 /line 2
There is some uncertainity about his ethnic background it appears that some of his children called themselves Dutch , German and English ? And there are conflicting family stories that state the Clarkes were Irish possible because the second wife of James was an Irish catholic.
While John White's Grandmother recalled that Jacob's wife spoke German and very little English?? At this time it appears that they were of Palantine German origins.
The theory is that Elizabeth Young had an Uncle (UEL) that was named James ??
There is an entry in Archives of Ontario GS Reel #5162 for Hillier Twp. Abstracts memorial # (?) 420 Book 3 James Young grantor - Gidean B. White grantee ??
Could this be the White - Young connection ??
Also during a visit to Patsy Clark - summer 1996 she stated that an old map of the Concecon / Ameliasburgh area did not show Jacob and the he was not the original of owner of his land. I believe that it may have been escheated or lost due to lack of work by the original grantee. He apparently does show up on 1856 map of the area.
(613) 584-3625
2nd Regiment Prince Edward county , Ontario Militia 1822
The Regiment was under the command of Lt. Col Owen Richards, which was dated at Hallowell, Ontario May 15,1822. It is preserved in the Public Archives of Canada at Ottawa The numbers beside each name is their age at time of service. There are 409 men in this muster roll. Question marks mean "may be spelling error".
Many of these men were United Empire Loyalists who fought in the American Revolutionary War. They served in this Regiment along side their sons, brothers and cousins. Note: Harmonius Wanamaker Sr. is my first ancestor to Upper Canada. Many of these surnames are in my family tree. Further Note: This Muster is kind of like a census as well, recording all elligable men of fighting age in that area.
(Record group 9, 1, B2, v.29-31)
- Abraham Chase 35 - William Chase 34 - Abel Church 16 - David Clark 33 - George Clark 25 - Jacob Clark 24 - John Clark 24 - Robert Clark 19 - Thomas Clark 26 -
(Research):Death from family notes
Name: tabJacob Clark
Gender: tabMale
Age: tab57
Estimated Birth Year: tababt 1797
Birthplace: tabUnited States
Province: tabCanada West (Ontario)
District: tabPrince Edward County
District Number: tab32
Sub-District: tabHillier
Sub-District Number: tab307
Source Citation: Year: 1851; Census Place: Hillier, Prince Edward County, Canada West (Ontario). Schedule: A. Roll: C_11750, Page: 51, Line: 34
1861 Census
Name: tabJacob Clark
Gender: tabMale
Age: tab64
Birth Year: tab1797
Birthplace: tabUnited States
Marital Status: tabMarried
Home in 1861: tabHilier, Prince Edward, Canada West
Religion: tabEpiscopalian
Source Citation: Year: 1861; Census Place: Hilier, Prince Edward, Canada West; Roll: C-1069-1070; Page: 35
Marriage 1 Elizabeth YOUNG b: Abt 1796 in USA
Married: 1814-1815
Note: He was in the militia so it seems likely he married in and around Prince Edward County - do date no marriage record found.
Change Date: 13 Jun 2004
James Albert CLARKE b: 1816-1818 in Canada West
James William CLARKE b: Abt 1819 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
John CLARKE b: Abt 1818-1819 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co, Upper Canada
Henry M. CLARKE b: Abt 1821 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
Robert CLARKE b: Abt 1827 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
Samuel CLARKE b: 17 Jan 1826 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
Sarah CLARKE b: 1827-1829 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
Daniel CLARKE b: 1830 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
Phoebe CLARKE b: 14 May 1833 in Concecon, Prince Edward Co
there are three entries for" lot # 101 Township Of Hillier Fifth Concession Bay Side" for Jacob Clark . #of instrument 504, The Grantor being Dr. James Latham the Grantee being Jacob Clark , dated 24 November 1814 . Quantity of land 100 acres and it appears to be west half. Also there is no amount listed for consideration or amount of mortgage, which would make sense if it were a military grant. In the column listed as instrument is the word " Bond " , I am not sure what this means. The second entry is for #of instrument 546, 100 a, 1/2 Grantor James Latham Grantee Jacob Clark dated 12 June 1818,also no amount listed. in the instrument column is " B&S ". The last entry is instrument #1494 instrument "WILL" registered 14 March 1865.Grantor Jacob Clark,. Grantee "HE IS OURS IN CHRIST".
.The following entries registered 30 DEC. 1865 Grantor James Clark Grantee James Arthur 100 a, cannot make out consideration amount. Then 30 Dec 1865 Grantor John Clark Grantee James Arthur 100 a. then 30 Dec. 1865 Abraham Chase and wife grantee James Arthur 100 a. Then William Clark Grantee James Arthur 100 a. Then 30 Dec. 1865 Daniel Clark Grantee James Arthur 100 a. Then 30 Dec 1865 John Stoneburgh and wife Grantee James Arthur 100 a. Then an entry farther down registered 4 May 1871 Grantor Henry Clark Grantee James Arthur under Quantity "ALL". the document was found in the " Wellington Public Library Archives "


text:
G8 Development Ministers Highlight Climate Change-Development Link [viewed]
April 2008: G8 Ministers and senior officials responsible for development cooperation met from 5-6 April 2008, in Tokyo, Japan, along with representatives from Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, South Africa, the ASEAN Secretariat, the AU Commission, the OECD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank. The meeting was held with a view to provide political input and support to the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV), the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit, the Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Accra, Ghana, the UN high-level meeting on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and the Follow-up Conference on Financing for Development in Doha. Ministers addressed the development agenda for the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit, and held outreach sessions on: expanding partnerships for development; climate change and development; and human security and the achievement of the MDGs.