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Large menu includes onion masala dosas, butter chicken curry, shrimp pulusu, yogurt rice with banana, goat biryani, and gulab jamun
North Central Dallas
$12 for $20 Worth of Indian Food for Dine-In or Takeout
The flavors of China, India & Nepal collide on a menu featuring paneer tikka masala, momo dumplings filled with chicken & shrimp fried rice
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Indian Cuisine at Lunch or Dinner for Two or Four at India Haat (Up to 47% Off)
This concept features a fully stocked lunch buffet and a dinner menu packed with traditional Indian dishes; live music on weekend nights
Kabobs, Indian Lunch Buffet for Two, or Dinner for Two at Ista Indian Cuisine; valid only at Flower Mound location (Up to 44% Off)
Selection of Indian cuisine includes kabobs, chicken curry, shrimp korma, and about 20 vegetarian entrées
$12 for $20 Worth of Pan-Indian Dinner Cuisine at Vindu Indian Cuisine
Clay-fired tandoori entrees, dosas from South India, and entrees of chicken, vegetables, or lamb
Desi-Style Pizza and Indian Food at Beyond Pizza (Up to 40% Off). Two Options Available.
Eatery offers veggie kathi rolls, samosas with flavored chutney, and pizza with toppings like tandoori chicken, cauliflower, or goat
Authentic Indian Food for Lunch or Dinner at Manchale Restaurant and Bar (Up to 40% Off). Four Options Available.
Enjoy the finest quality of Indian food cooked from scratch, quality Lunch Buffet, live events and delicacies like Chicken Tikka and Kebabs
Indian Lunch Buffet, Dinner, or Takeout at Touch Nine (Up to 55% Off)
Authentic Indian cuisine fills the dining room with savory aromas during dinner or all-you-can-eat lunch buffets
$15 for Three Groupons, Each Good for $10 Worth of Indian Dinner for Dine-In or Takeout at Flavors Indian Restaurant
This family-run restaurant turns out tasty, traditional Indian cuisine, from lamb vindaloo to chicken tikka masala
$18 for Three Groupons, Each Good for $10 Worth of Indian Cuisine at Mintt Indian Restaurant ($30 Value)
Menu includes chicken biryani, egg fried rice, paneer tikka masala, goat curry, lentil soup, masala dosa, and vegetable pakoras
$15 for $25 Worth of Pizza, Hoagies, and Salads at Mellow Mushroom McKinney
Stone-baked pizzas, hoagies, and calzones served in a fun, creative environment; vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, and kids' options available
Mexican Food and Drinks for Two or Four at El Chico Cafe (40% Off)
Family-friendly Tex-Mex mainstay dishes out homestyle eats such as fajitas, warming tortilla soup, avocado enchiladas, and sopapillas
$13 for Buffet Meal for Two at Mr. Gatti's Pizza (Up to $18 Value)
All-you-can-eat buffet stocked with garlic-crusted pizzas, pasta, and a salad bar
$12 for $20 Worth of Italian Food at Palio's Pizza – Fairview
Regular and whole-wheat pizzas crowned with gourmet ingredients including roasted cashews, pesto, and artichoke hearts
Mexican Lunch for Two or Dinner for Two or Four at Bien Salsa (Up to 43% Off)
Authentic Mexican regional cuisine prepared on a grill that uses specially sourced wood from Argentina
$12 for $20 Worth of Italian Food for Two or More at Johnny C's Italian Restaurant
Casual, crowd-pleasing Italian dishes such as meatball sandwiches topped with cheese, chicken parmesan dinners with garlic bread & lasagna
$10 for $20 Worth of Thai Food — Thai Tara Kitchen
Thai food of carrollton
Tex-Mex Food for Two at Señor Locos (39% Off)
Tex-Mex dishes such as taco soup, chimichangas, and 11 taco varieties on homemade flour or corn tortillas
$15 for $25 Worth of Pizza, Hoagies, and Calzones at Mellow Mushroom in Frisco
Made from dough with natural spring water, pizzas and calzones emerge from stone hearths
$11 for $20 Worth of Italian Food at Johnny Carino's (45% Off)
Family restaurant serves classic Italian food, as well as one-of-a-kind, signature spicy dishes, all made from the freshest ingredients
Mediterranean Food for Two or Four at Mama Pita Mediterranean Grill (47% Off)
Build your pita or plate with hummus, lamb, falafel, chicken, and other Mediterranean ingredients made from scratch
Italian Lunch or Dinner for Two or More at Goodfella's Woodfired Pizza Pasta Bar-Preston Location (Up to 40% Off)
Come for the woodfired pizzas, stay for the warm, casual atmosphere
Mediterranean Cuisine at Mary's Mediterranean (45% Off)
Menu of Mediterranean cuisine includes gyros wraps, lamb kabobs, falafel platters, and salads
Greek Food for Lunch or Dinner at Kosta's Cafe (Up to 40% Off)
Gyros, souvlaki, spanakopita, and other classic Greek eats served in a rustic cafe with ample wine
Pizza for Two or Four at The Bear's Den (50% Off)
Specialty pizzas such as sweet smoked pork, philly cheese steak, and white veggie with creamy alfredo sauce
$10 for $20 Worth of Mexican Cuisine at Mercado Juarez Cafe. Three Locations Available.
Fajitas, enchiladas, and authentic Mexican specialties are served with freshly made flour tortillas and housemade salsas
$12for $20 Worth of Greek Food for Dinner at Stratos Greek Taverna
Homemade Greek dishes such as moussaka and souvlaki at an eatery that features Greek & belly dancers and a roof top patio
$12 for $20 for Pizza and American Food at Picasso's Pizza & Grill
More than 20 signature pizzas, plus specialties such as shrimp fettuccine and baby-back ribs
$15 for $25 Worth of Pizza at Mellow Mushroom
Mexican Lunch or Dinner for Two at El Patio Escondido Mexican Restaurant (Up to 41% Off)
Mexican eatery decorated with colorful murals specializes in authentic dishes such as chicken flautas, spinach enchiladas, and beef fajitas
$19 for $30 Worth of Italian Cuisine for Dinner at Paesano's Ristorante
The menu includes classic Italian favorites such as veal parmesan, shrimp pomodoro, and custom personal pizzas
Hot Pot and Asian Cuisine for Two or Four at Little Sheep Mongolian Hot Pot Grand Prairie (40% Off)
Communal diners dunk meats and veggies into a pot of boiling broth, producing cooked bites and soup; valid for the all-you-can-eat special
Pizza and Pasta for Two or Four at Mogio's Gourmet Pizza & Grill (Up to 50% Off)
Gourmet pizzas start with made-from-scratch dough, covered in zesty sauce using house blend of herbs, layered with 100% mozzarella cheese
$12 for $20 Worth of Tex-Mex Food at Angelina's
Tex-Mex restaurant started as 10-seat establishment 28 years ago and has continually grown; it now includes two locations
Thai Cuisine at Bangkok Dee Thai Cuisine (50% Off). Two Options Available.
Chefs prepare classic Thai dishes such as pad thai, fried rice, curry puffs, and mango sticky rice
Pizza and Calzones for Dine-In or Takeout at Pizzaiolo's Pizza and Pasta (Up to 40% Off)
Selection of Italian-American eats includes pizzas, wings, calzones, and pasta
Italian Food at Spaghetti Etc. (Up to 43% Off). Three Options Available.
Pastas imported from Italy include organic spaghetti and gluten-free options, plus soups, and salads
Tex-Mex Food at Primo's Tex Mex (47% Off). Two Options Available.
Eatery dishes out tacos al pastor, chicken enchiladas, veggie fajitas, mesquite-grilled ribs, shrimp flatbreads, and spinach quesadillas
Mexican Food for Two or Four at Mama Rosa's Mexican Kitchen Princeton (40% Off)
Spanish rice and refried beans warm plates of classic Hispanic fare including chicken poblano, and bisteck ala mexicana
Dinner for Two or Four at Al-Amir Lebanese Restaurant and Club (Up to 42% Off)
On select evenings, belly dancers liven up the room with their choreography as diners share tabbouli, skewers, and hookahs
$12 for $20 Towards Dinner for Two or More at Atheneos Greek Village Cafe
This family-owned Greek restaurant serves authentic specialties like moussaka, pastitsio, souvlaki, and sweet galaktoboureko custard
Mediterranean Food at SanabelS (Up to 50% Off)
Mediterranean cuisine with live performances from belly dancers on weekends
$12 for $20 Worth of Pizza and Italian Food at Samee's Pizza Getti
Traditional pizza and other Italian dishes such as salmon milan sautéed in creamy lemon dill sauce or lasagna and other pasta dishes
Lunch Buffet for Two or Four People or $40 Toward Dinner for Two at Fenjani Mediterranean Grill
Levantine menu has popular Mediterranean dishes such as hummus and falafel, but also introduces diners to lesser-known treats like kunafeh
$15 for Two Groupons, Each Good for $15 Worth of Thai Cuisine at SaWaDiKa Thai Zone ($30 Value)
Red, green, and yellow curries, eight noodle dishes, and stir-fried beef marinated in lemongrass and served atop steamed jasmine rice
Traditional and Gluten Free Pizza at Palio's Pizza Cafe -- The Colony, (Up to 38% Off). Two Options Available.
Mexican Food for Two or Four at Los Corrales Cocina Mexicana (40% Off)
Menu includes enchiladas, street tacos, sizzling fajitas, quesadillas, breakfast tacos, tortas, and more
Chinese Dinner for Two or Four at May Dragon (45% Off)
Restaurateur and former mayor Joe Chow warmly welcomes guests with stir-fried shrimp, sesame chicken, and lettuce wraps
$15 for $25 Worth of Pizza at Mellow Mushroom - Flower Mound
Tex-Mex Food at Zuzu (40% Off). Two Options Available.
Tex-Mex cuisine is made from scratch daily, including fajitas, carne asada, and the specialty Lakewood enchilada with spinach and mushrooms


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Posted by ESPN.com's Brian Bennett
1. Focus: That's the key word this week, as the top three contenders in the Big East all are heavy favorites at home. Showdowns between Cincinnati, Pitt and West Virginia loom on the calendar ahead. But for those to matter, they need to take care of business this week against the heavy underdogs and not start thinking ahead to the stretch run.
2. Cincinnati's receivers vs. the UConn secondary: The Huskies got burned by Tim Brown on an 81-yard pass play to lose this week, but they've been pretty good against the pass this year and have the league's two co-leaders in interceptions (Robert Vaughn and Robert McClain). They will face a major challenge this week against the Bearcats' Mardy Gilyard, Armon Binns and D.J. Woods. Syracuse had some small success slowing Cincinnati down last week by trying to keep everything in front of the defense. UConn might also want to make the Bearcats prove they can sustain long drives.
3. Attack of the backup Zachs: Cincinnati looks likely to go with Zach Collaros again at quarterback as Tony Pike continues to recover from his left forearm injury. Collaros has been outstanding the past two and a half games, though this will be the best team he's started against thus far. UConn's Zach Frazer is back at quarterback now that Cody Endres is out for the season with a shoulder injury. Frazer has been way too erratic this season, including three more interceptions last week at Rutgers, and can't afford those mistakes against the Bearcats.
4. Lindsey Witten vs. Jeff Linkenbach: Witten is tied for second in the nation in sacks with 10.5. Linkenbach has developed into the best left tackle in the Big East, in my opinion. If UConn can't get pressure on Collaros, it could be a long night at Nippert Stadium for the Huskies. Witten needs to bring the heat.
5. Dion Lewis: The Pitt freshman tailback was named a semifinalist for the Maxwell Award this week and floats on the periphery of the Heisman race. Syracuse has been surprisingly stout against the run this season, ranking first in the Big East with just 88.9 yards allowed per game on the ground. Another big game by Lewis against this defense should vault him into the lead for Big East player of the year and other award honors.
6. Paulus and the passing game: Syracuse quarterback Greg Paulus was booed at home last week and then received a passionate defense by his head coach Doug Marrone. Paulus has struggled in Big East play, and he just lost his best and maybe only big-play receiver in Mike Williams, who quit the team on Monday. How do he and the Orange offense respond?
7. West Virginia's pass defense: The deep pass has hurt the Mountaineers the past few weeks and much of the season. Louisville has the worst scoring offense in the Big East but is capable of pulling off some big plays in the passing game with guys like Scott Long, Trent Guy and Doug Beaumont. If West Virginia can tighten that part of its defense up, it should have little trouble at home against the last-place Cardinals.
8. Louisville's quarterback derby: Three guys -- Justin Burke, Will Stein and Adam Froman -- have started, and it's anybody's guess who will get the call this week. Coach Steve Kragthorpe said earlier this week that Burke and Froman, who were both hurt at Cincinnati, should be available for practice. If they're all good to go, Froman likely gets the nod. But West Virginia has to prepare for all three just in case.
9. Speed on the edge: The main difference between West Virginia and Louisville the past two years was that the Cardinals didn't have the defensive speed on the perimeter to contain the Mountaineers' playmakers unlike, say, South Florida. Pat White got outside with ease in last year's game in Louisville, and the Cardinals' quickness hasn't gotten significantly better. Expect at least one huge run, if not several, from Noel Devine and maybe even Jarrett Brown or Jock Sanders.
10. Cincinnati's competition: We're not talking about UConn, but the other contenders for the national title. Keep an eye this weekend on Alabama against LSU, Iowa against Northwestern, Boise State at Louisiana Tech and TCU against San Diego State. Any of them faltering would help the Bearcats' national title chances.

subset: commoncrawl


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Josh Freeman began looking for employment Friday when the Tampa Bay Buccaneers announced the release of their former starting quarterback.
Teams thus far have expressed no interest on a player who was praised for his immense talent after a strong rookie season in 2010.
In a stunning plunge, Freeman lost his job under coach Greg Schiano. Disclosure that Freeman is in an NFL program and has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder doesn't help his status.
GM Mark Dominik tried to trade Freeman, but every team in the league said no to his overtures.
"We made the decision today to release Josh Freeman," Dominik said in Friday's statement. "We appreciate his efforts over the past five seasons, but we felt this was in the best interests of both Josh and the Buccaneers."
Freeman, 25, is free to sign with any team. At the same time, he will receive the remainder of his $6.25 million salary for this season.
Schiano turned away from Freeman last season, and the team looked at veteran trade or free-agent offerings after drafting Mike Glennon from North Carolina State.
Glennon now starts for the Bucs, whose season is now a rebuilding in progress. The team had a bye for NFL Week 5 after its 0-4 start.
Potential new employers? The Buffalo Bills are desperate for a temporary fix with EJ Manuel nursing a knee injury. However, NFL.com suggests the Green Bay Packers and Oakland Raiders as possible suitors.


text: soraya-pathman Play via YouTube OPEN IN APP NSFW Safe Is this playlist safe for work? Just like chewing gum. April 11, 2012 | 8 tracks | 219 14 | Stats Martin DupontGuerre FroideTurquoise Days coldwavepost punksynthfranceelectronic Liked Collect Share Edit celebrate Liked! Share this mix with friends: Just like chewing gum. Wrong video Collect Share Liked! Share this mix with friends:


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S. Donald Stookey died this month at the age of 99. He will be remembered for his invention of a new category of materials called synthetic glass ceramics. Stookey will also be remembered as an exemplar of the everyday hard work and collaboration from which great innovations come.
Read Whole Story
One day last month The Huffington Post announced that it recorded a record 115 million unique visitors in August. To Arianna Huffington we say two th...
People are motivated to support a new idea for their own cluster of reasons. They're looking for what's in it for them, of course. But they also want to be inspired to join the next big thing.
Sometimes what looks at first like a game-changer is seen in retrospect as a sustaining innovation instead. And that's no failure.
What sort of person is it who can shape new ideas and bring them to life as businesses? Put another way, is an innovator's temperament born or is it built? We say it's built.
Are some people just born curious? Or can curiosity be cultivated? The answer matters because curiosity is a necessity for innovation. If curiosity isn't instinctive among your collaborators then you need to bring it to life.
Students of reasoning styles can boost their success at convincing others of the wisdom of a new idea by identifying and adapting to the logic filters of decision makers. Sizing up a situation realistically lets us know what to expect when we're pitching a new idea, and how to make the most of it.
Get top stories and blog posts emailed to me each day. Newsletters may offer personalized content or advertisements. Learn more.


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Big Brothers
Though theyre based in the States, the Occidental Brothers Dance Band International are the real, world-music deal.
Inspired by traditional Congolese, Nigerian, and Ghanaian ensembles, the five-strong, Chicago-located group play an infectious blend of afro-pop, American jazz, and classic-esque rock thats held tight with Latin rhythms and boom-bastic percussion. On its ten-track album Odo Sanbra (2008) an awesome recording that includes an appearance by Andrew Bird on violin Kofi Cromwells positive and upbeat vocals really shine.
The most surprising aspect about the Brothers? Its hard to imagine that a five-person group can produce such a full-bodied sound.
The Bros perform at the Rhythm Room. The not-enough-positive-things-can-be-said-about-him DJ Seduce opens, potentially making this one of the top shows of the year.
Sun., June 21, 8 p.m., 2009
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Again, if they can provide proof that the item was shipped, they are not going to be held responsible. Their obligation only lasts until the point that the item leaves their possession. Do you really, truly think that any court is going to hold a seller responsible for the postal service's up?
Do you think any court is going to find a consumer liable for not recieving a product they paid for when they have no control over the packing or shipping process? The fault is with amazon who has a special business account with the postal service and can take steps to identify and troubleshoot how the package was lost.
They assume liability until the item has been delivered to the customer at which point the customer is responsible for the merchandise. Its the businesses responsibility to get it to the customer. If their postal service loses the package they need to refund it or send a replacement and then take the issue up with the post office.
That's standard business law. It's also why amazon will re-send a package if you report it as never having been delivered because they know it will be their responsibility. They will then contact the post office and investigate if they feel its worth it.


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Registration Open Now!IGNITE YOUR CREATIVE SPARK!
Adult Sampler
September 21, 2016 | 6:30 – 8:30 PM | Free
Featuring American Realness performances, pop-up exhibition by Beverly's, free arts workshops, adult beverages!
The Black Crook: An Original, Magical and Spectacular Musical DramaSeptember 17 through October 7, 2016 @ 7 PM
Opening this week!
With new text, new songs and a new special guest performance during each intermission, a team of only eight actor / musician / dancers will perform the full 1866 musical and bring the biggest of all American spectacles into the tiniest of spaces.
Underground Theater | 7 PM | $25
Lincoln Center's Boro-Linc: La Casita, presented in collaboration with Abrons Art CenterOctober 1, 2016 @ 3 – 5 PM
Wordsmiths share the stage with musicians and dancers to uncover how poetry, song, movement and storytelling can unleash personal truths, construct identity, and fundamentally alter historic narratives.
Playhouse | 3 PM | Free
Dickie Beau: Blackouts (U.S. Premiere)October 6 through October 15, 2016
Drag fabulist Dickie Beau embodies counter-cultural figures and movie stars alike. Miming to spoken word rather than song, Beau has revitalized the tradition of lip-syncing, performing with the showmanship of a drag artist and the melancholy of a clown. At home on the stages of clubs, theaters and cabarets, he has received awards including the Oxford Samuel Beckett Theatre Trust Award.
Playhouse | 7:30 PM | $35
Witness Relocation (Featuring Robert M. Johanson) – THE LOON (World Premiere)October 13 through October 29, 2016
An all new, evening length, knock-down-drag-out, dance/theater show based in part on "Voices of the Loon" (an educational record put out by the Audubon Society in 1980); the work of sociologist Erving Goffman; "At Home" – Bill Bryson's study of the history of domestic life; party games; and what happens when the party is going VERY late into the night/next morning.
Experimental Theater | 8 PM | $25
Little Lord: NOW IS THE TIME. NOW IS THE BEST TIME. NOW IS THE BEST TIME OF YOUR LIFE.October 19 through November 5, 2016
Rip Van Winkle + Borscht Belt ruins + Existential Horror Show, NOW IS THE TIME, NOW IS THE BEST TIME. NOW IS THE BEST TIME OF YOUR LIFE is an epic treatise on trying to leave one's mark on a world that never stands still. Coleslaw included.
Underground Theater | 7:30 PM | $25
Ryan Foerster: Underwrought An De ReSeptember 16 through October 23, 2016
Forester's recent work in photography and sculptural assemblage using found air ducts and experimental body casting speaks to the increasing anxiety about what to do with commercial waste and how something as simple as breathing clean air is fraught with contradictions.
Reexamine the spaceSeptember 25 through October 23, 2016
Kim Brandt
Walter Dundervill & Iki Nakagawa
Moriah Evans
Dean Moss
Cori Olinghouse
Julie Tolentino
On View
Ryan Foerster: Underwrought An De ReSeptember 16 through October 23, 2016
On Stage
The Black Crook: An Original, Magical and Spectacular Musical DramaSeptember 17 through October 7, 2016
On ViewSeptember 25 through October 23, 2016
On Stage
Dickie Beau: Blackouts (U.S. Premiere)October 6 through October 15, 2016
Our Mission
The Abrons Arts Center supports the presentation of innovative, multi-disciplinary work; cultivates artists in all stages of their creative development through educational programs and residencies; and serves as an intersection of cultural engagement for local, national, and international audiences and art-workers.


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64-year-old Michael Edward Shanahan lives in Washington, District Of Columbia. He has worked for Any Given Sunday, Nbc Sunday Night Football, Nfl Monday Night Football, Rome Is Burning, Espn Sportscentury, 17th Annual American Century Championship, 16th Annual American Century Championship, 1991 Afc Championship Game, 1997 Afc Championship Game, 1987 Afc Championship Game, 1986 Afc Championship Game and Mike & Mike. On the internet, Michael goes by the aliases mikeshan, M_Shanahan and TheMikeShanahan.


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Hip Hop Nation, Volume 4
|List Price:
|You Save:
|$1 (10% Off)
Out of Print: Future availability is unknown
Format: DVD
sku: W6WE
Brand New
DVD Features:
- Rated: Not Rated
- Run Time: 1 hours, 45 minutes
- Video: Color
- Encoding: Region 1 (USA & Canada)
- Released: September 12, 2006
- Originally Released: 2006
- Label: Xenon
- Packaging: Keep Case
- Aspect Ratio: Full Frame - 1.33
- Audio:
- (unspecified) - English
- Text/Photo Galleries:
- Photo Galleries
- Artist Biographies
Performers, Cast and Crew:
|RZA, The Roots & Blackalicious
Product Description:
The RZA, the Roots, and Blackalicious are some of the lauded hip-hop names featured on this magazine-style program. Behind the scenes footage combines with live performances from the stars, and the action is captured by fans armed with cameras.
Plot Keywords:
Documentary | Music (General) | Music Videos | Rap / Hip Hop | Rap Music
Live In Concert (DVD)
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 27, 1992
|Filing date
|Jun 29, 1990
|Priority date
|Apr 1, 1987
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Shyam C. Das
|Original Assignee
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (113), Non-Patent Citations (26), Referenced by (36), Classifications (20), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. Ser. No. 370,049, filed Jun. 22, 1989, now abandoned, which is a continuing application of copending U.S. Ser. No. 253,390, filed Oct. 4, 1988, U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,649, which is a continuing application of U.S. Ser. No. 033,466, filed Apr. 1, 1987, now abandoned, assigned to a common assignee, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to magnetic field-biasable devices including magnetic data storage devices and read/write heads for use in such devices.
A typical read/write head comprises two poles (or pole pieces) formed from a magnetic material and a conductive coil. At one end, the poles are touching and at the other end there is a slight gap between the poles. The head is positioned so that the gap is directed towards the disk surface. When electric current is impressed on the coil, a magnetic flux is generated, which is impressed upon the poles. At the gap, the magnetic flux is directed through the magnetic material in the adjacent disk surface to thereby impress magnetic flux therein.
When data is being written onto a disk, the coil is energized with a varying voltage pattern which corresponds to the data to be written. The varying voltage results in the generation of a corresponding pattern in the magnetic flux which the head applies to the surface of the rotating disk. Since the disk moves relative to the head, the magnetic flux on the disk surface also varies along the length of the arc traversed by the head on the disk.
When the data is read, the head flies over the arc on the disk surface in which the data was written. A small amount of flux from the disk permeates the head. The flux detected in the head varies in response to the pattern of flux recorded on the disk. The varying flux results in the generation of a varying voltage in the coil, which, in turn, is sensed as the previously-recorded data.
In a conventional read/write head, the variation in the voltage induced in the coil does not directly follow the actual flux, but instead follows the rate or change of the flux as the disk rotates adjacent the head. Therefore reading of data with conventional heads is sensitive to the speed of the disk relative to the head.
Read/write heads have been developed which include a strip of magneto-resistive (MR) material, such as a nickel iron alloy. One such alloy is commercially known as "Permalloy". The MR strip (or element) is positioned in the gap between the tips of the poles. In such heads, the electrical resistance of the magneto-resistive material is related to an applied magnetic field. As flux from the disk permeates the head while it flies over the disk surface, the flux is applied to the magneto-resistive material. Thus, the resistance of the magneto-resistive material varies in response to the variations in the flux in the head, which in turn reflects the variations in the flux on the disk. The changing resistance of the magneto-resistive element is sensed by conventional sensing circuits to provide a signal that is related to the recorded flux. Thus, the voltage signals from such read/write heads, specifically from the magneto-resistive element, are not sensitive to the speed of the disk.
In a head having a magneto-resistive element, the element is formed so as to have a magnetization orientation along the length of the element; that is, magnetic dipoles are aligned parallel to the element's longitudinal axis. A current is applied longitudinally to the element. A graph of the resistance of the element to electric current, in relation to the direction of the element's magnetic dipoles, is a bell-shaped curve. For example, if the element is a nickel iron alloy, if no external flux is applied to the head, the resistance exhibited by the element to current applied in a longitudinal direction through the element (which is parallel to the magnetization) will be at a maximum. If, however, external magnetic flux is applied to the element which forces the element's magnetic dipoles into an orientation perpendicular to the length of the element, the element's resistance to the applied current will be at a minimum.
Otherwise stated, continuing with the same example, if the current flow is parallel to the magnetization of the element, the resistance of the element is at a maximum, but if the current flow is orthogonal to the magnetization, the resistance is at a minimum. Intermediate these two extremes, that is, with the element's magnetic dipoles aligned approximately forty-five degrees with the direction of the applied current, the change in resistance of the element with respect to the applied magnetic field is approximately linear for small variations in the applied magnetic field. It will be appreciated that the alignment of the element's magnetic dipoles is related to the applied magnetic flux, and thus the resistance of the element will be related to the direction and amount of applied magnetic flux.
There are several prerequisites for heads using magneto-resistive elements as read elements. The magneto-resistive element requires external "transverse" biasing to force it into a linear response mode so that the resistance changes in an approximately linear function of the applied flux. If a magneto-resistive element is not transversely biased, a small applied flux from a disk will be unable to make a large enough change in the resistance of the element to generate a sufficient read back signal. The same will occur if the element is biased too much, so that the magnetic dipoles are perpendicular to the element's longitudinal direction. In either case, the element will have a very low sensitivity to the applied flux level
U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,375, issued to G. Mowry, et al., on Aug. 13, 1985, entitled Magnetoresistive Head, discloses a head with a magneto-resistive read element. The magneto-resistive element disclosed in that patent includes an elongated magneto-resistive element and a plurality of equipotential strips disposed along the element at a skewed angle (generally, approximately forty-five degrees) with respect to the element's longitudinal axis. A bias current is applied and the equipotential strips force the current to flow generally orthogonal to the strips. The magneto-resistive element's magnetic dipoles are at a forty-five degree angle with respect to the current.
A magneto-resistive element, which was originally magnetized in a single magnetic domain state (that is, a state in which substantially all of the magnetic dipoles are oriented in a common direction) has a tendency to develop a plurality of separate magnetic domains if disturbed by an external force, such as a magnetic field. One cause of the formation of multiple domains is the end effect, which is the demagnetizing field generated by the ends of the element. This field is generally inhomogeneous; causing the spread of the orientation of the dipoles. Spreading of the dipole orientation may also result from improper deposition techniques. Over time, if the element is first subjected to a strong enough magnetic flux which is then removed, the single magnetic domain may split into multiple magnetic domains throughout the element.
Multiple domains in magneto-resistive elements may arise from the fact that, during writing, in a head such as a yoke-type MR head in which the read and write devices are not separate, the magneto-resistive element is saturated with magnetic flux (hereafter "write flux"). This write flux is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the element, and the magnetic dipoles in the element tend to align with the applied write flux. After the write operation is completed, the element's magnetic dipoles return to an orientation along the element's longitudinal axis, but they need not return to their former orientations. They may instead be aligned in the opposite direction. As this repeatedly occurs following write operations, a number of domains develop with differing orientations of magnetic dipoles. Thus, multiple domains may be created throughout the elements, not just at the ends.
A result of the development of the multiple magnetic domains is Barkhausen noise, which is noise in the voltage signal due to sudden jumps in the magnetization of the element. The magneto-resistive element disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,375 proposes to minimize Barkhausen noise by providing a very long magneto-resistive element and sensing the change in resistivity across only a small portion of its length. This can help with minimizing the Barkhausen noise due to end effects, but it does not significantly reduce the noise due to the creation of multiple domains along the element caused by the write flux applied to the element.
The invention provides a new and improved read/write head for use in a digital data processing system in which a magneto-resistive read element is provided, which arrangement minimizes Barkhausen noise while facilitating increased track density.
In one aspect of the invention, a read/write head for use in a digital data processing system is provided including a pair of poles having an enlarged yoke portion which tapers to a narrow pole tip portion. A write coil is disposed in the yoke portion to generate magnetic flux during writing, the poles directing the write flux to the pole tip portion. Preferably, a slot is formed in the yoke portion of one of the poles and an elongated strip of magneto-resistive material is situated adjacent to the slot to be used during reading operations. The pole tip portion of the slotted pole senses the magnetic flux from the disk and directs the flux to the magneto-resistive element. During reading, the write coil is energized to provide a transverse (linearizing) biasing field in the magneto-resistive element.
A longitudinal biasing coil is provided adjacent to the ends of the MR element to provide longitudinal bias just prior to or at the beginning of reading so as to ensure that the element obtains a single magnetic domain state. The foregoing may be incorporated in various shielded or multipole heads.
In another aspect of the invention, the sense conductors which are coupled to the ends of the center, active (or "sense") section of the element include extensions which loop around the ends of the MR element. Hence, when the sense current is applied to the MR element via the sense current conductors during reading, longitudinal bias is automatically supplied through the conductors to the loops at the ends of the element. If the loop extensions are joined together by a linking conductor which runs adjacent to the MR element, then transverse bias will also be supplied by the linking conductor when the sense current is applied to the sense current conductors.
Other advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment and from the claims.
The above and further aspects of this invention may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A depicts a top view of an MR pole structure in a read/write head constructed in accordance with the invention and FIG. 1B depicts a cross-sectional view of the pole structure depicted in FIG. 1A taken along axis B--B;
FIG. 2 depicts another embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 depicts another alternate embodiment of the invention.
With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a read/write head 10 constructed in accordance with the invention includes two poles 11 and 12 formed of a magnetic material separated by a layer 18 of insulation. The insulation in the yoke region is primarily hard-baked photoresist and while the insulation at pole tip region is of a harder material such as alumina. Each pole defines a relatively large yoke region 13 which tapers to a pole tip 14 having an end 15. In operation, the head is suspended from an arm (not shown) so that the end 15 is generally directed toward the surface of a spinning disk (not shown) which has magnetic media thereon, and the far end of the yoke region 13 (to the left as shown in FIG. 1B) will be distal from the disk surface. The head has an axis indicated by the legend B--B, and the arm holds the head so that the axis B--B is generally orthogonal to the disk surface.
Head 10 also includes a multiple-turn planar helical coil 16 (a portion of which is depicted) positioned between poles 11 and 12 in the yoke region to generate magnetic flux for writing data onto the disk. At the left end (or back closure portion) of the yoke region 13, the poles 11 and 12 touch so as to encircle a portion of the coil to provide a complete path of magnetic material between the poles in the yoke region 13. Otherwise, a separation is maintained between the poles in both the yoke region 13 and the pole tip 14. In the yoke region, the separation between the poles 11 and 12 may be relatively large, to allow the poles to accommodate the coil 16 and to minimize flux leakage between the poles. In the pole tip, however, the separation between the poles is relatively small.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a slot 17 may be formed in yoke region 13 of one pole in an orientation which is generally parallel to the expected orientation of the disk surface. That is, the orientation of the slot 17 is generally orthogonal to axis B--B. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1A, 1B the slot is formed in pole 11. Adjacent to the slot, an element 20 of magneto-resistive material, such as a nickel iron alloy (such as "Permalloy"), is positioned, electrically insulated from pole 11 by a thin, non-magnetic insulator 19 such as alumina or silicon dioxide. The element is formed so as to have a single magnetic domain with its magnetic dipoles situated parallel to the element's longitudinal axis, that is, perpendicular to the axis B-B. The ends of the magneto-resistive element 20 are connected to electrodes 21 and 22 which are also connected to a sensing circuit (not shown). Preferably the walls 23 and 24 defining slot 17 are not disposed orthogonally to element 20, but instead are slanted at an acute angle with respect to the element 20 so as to form pointed edges 26 and 27 adjacent to the element 20, as is shown in FIG. 1B. This will focus the flux path through the MR element from/to pole 11.
During a writing operation, an electrical signal representing the digital data is applied to the coil 16. The electrical signal applied to coil 16 varies to define the digital data to be recorded in a known manner. In response to the electrical signal, the coil generates magnetic flux in the poles. Assuming that, at one instance, the electrical signal is conditioned to enable the coil to generate magnetic flux upwardly toward pole 12 (FIG. 1B) and forwardly toward the tip (FIG. 1A), the magnetic flux is first received in pole 12 in the yoke region 13. The flux travels in pole 12 through the yoke region toward the pole tip. Because the pole tip has a smaller cross-sectional area than the yoke region, the flux is concentrated in the gap region; that is, the amount of flux per unit area in the gap region is greater than in the yoke region. At the end 15 of pole 12, the flux exits the pole and goes through the magnetic surface of the disk thereby impressing the magnetic flux in the magnetic media that is then adjacent the gap.
The flux returns from the disk through end 15 of pole 11. From there, it goes through the tip of pole 11 to the pole's yoke region. The larger yoke region permits the flux to spread out. At slot 17, the pointed edge 26 adjacent to the magneto-resistive element 20 concentrates the flux and directs it through the element 20, which conducts it to edge 27. Edge 27 receives the flux from magneto-resistive element 20 and directs it to the distal end of the yoke region 13 of pole piece 11. Since the flux during a write operation is generally very large, the magneto-resistive element essentially saturates and largely acts as an air gap across the slot 17.
It will also be appreciated that, if at some instances the magnetic flux generated by coil 16 has the opposite direction from that described above, the path of the flux through the poles and disk's magnetic media is also reversed. Thus, the poles 11 and 12, the disk magnetic media and gap 17 (element 20 having been predominantly saturated) form a complete magnetic circuit for the flux generated by write coil 16 during a writing operation. In addition, with the disk spinning under the head, the arm (not shown) maintaining the head over one track on the disk, the varying magnetic flux generated by head 10 in response to the variations in the digital data is applied to the magnetic media along the track. Accordingly, the flux changes representative of the digital data are impressed along the track on the disk.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, while, or immediately after, the data is written, a longitudinal biasing current IL is applied to bias conductors 30 positioned at or near the ends of the magneto-resistive element 20. The current applied to conductors 30 establishes a small magnetic field in the ends of magneto-resistive element 20 which enables the magnetic dipoles in the ends of the element to orient in one direction along the element's longitudinal axis. In effect, the write flux through the magneto-resistive element 20 forces the element's dipoles in an orientation orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. When the write flux is removed, the dipoles may return to a longitudinal orientation, but in either direction. The longitudinally biasing magnetic field applied by the biasing conductors 30 enables the dipoles to return to a selected (longitudinal) direction, which is determined by the field generated by the biasing conductors. Accordingly, the biasing conductors 30, and application of current thereto after the writing operation, will drive the magneto-resistive element into a single magnetic domain state at its ends, which in turn induces a single magnetic domain state in the center or active region of the MR element.
After data has been written, it may be read by positioning the read/write head 10 over the disk track on which the data has been written. During a reading operation, a constant current transverse bias is applied to the write coil 16. As a result of this current, a constant magnetic flux is generated, which is applied to poles 11 and 12 and, accordingly, to magneto-resistive element 20. This biasing current is high enough to generate sufficient flux for transverse biasing, but is small enough that the flux does not interfere with the data which has been recorded on the disk.
As the disk moves adjacent end 15, the transitions in the flux recorded on the disk provides magnetic flux which permeates poles 11 and 12 through the end 15 of the poles. The magneto-resistive element 20 essentially senses the flux in pole 11 near which it is situated. The flux permeating pole 12 has a small effect on element 20. It will be appreciated that the edges 26 and 27 in pole 11, which are defined by the respective walls 23 and 24 positioned at acute angles, insure that the flux is efficiently conducted to and through the magneto-resistive element 20 and to reduce fringing edge effects of the magnetic flux at the walls 23 and 24 which might cause at least some of the flux to bypass some or all of magneto-resistive element 20.
Electrodes 21 and 22 are attached to element 20 and define the active region of the element between them. Sensing equipment (not shown) applies a sense current Is upon the electrodes 21 and 22, and detects changes in the voltage in the MR sense signal on the electrodes. The changes in the voltage sensed by the sensing equipment are directly related to the changes in resistance of the magneto-resistive element 20, and specifically the changes in the resistance of the sense portion of the element between end faces 28 and 29 of the electrodes 21 and 22. Thus, as the disk passes under end 15 of head 10, the changes in the voltage level, compared to the voltage level resulting from only the bias flux from coil 16, are directly related to the changes in the resistance of the magneto-resistive material, and, accordingly, the change in the flux pattern on the disk sensed by element 20.
It will be appreciated that two factors limit the density with which data can be recorded on the disk, namely, the number of tracks which can be recorded per unit of radius of the disk, and the number of flux transitions which may be recorded per length of track. The number of tracks per unit of radius is, in turn, related to the width of the poles 11 and 12 at the end 15. Thus, the wider the poles at end 15, the fewer the number of tracks which may be recorded per unit of radius.
The number of flux transitions which may be recorded per length of track is related to several factors, including the width of the tip gap, that is, the distance between poles at end 15. It will be appreciated that the larger the gap width, the less data may be recorded on a track.
The arrangement depicted in the FIGS. 1A and 1B permits both the width of the poles at end 15 and the gap tip width to be minimized, thus enhancing the density of data which may be recorded, while using a magneto-resistive element 20 of sufficient length to minimize the effects of the Barkhausen noise due to creation of multiple magnetic domains at the ends of the magneto-resistive element 20.
By removing the magneto-resistive element 20 from the pole tip 14 and placing it in the yoke region 13, both the width of the poles and the width of the gap at end 15 may be made smaller, allowing the poles to taper down to the pole tip. Since the width of the poles in the yoke region 13 is much larger than the width at the poles end 15, the magneto-resistive element 20 may be made longer, thus minimizing the Barkhausen noise due to end effects. The coil wires 30 further reduce Barkhausen noise in the element 20 by urging the magnetic dipoles in a common direction following writing operations.
In addition, since the width of poles 11 and 12 in the yoke region 13 of the new read/write head is independent of the track density, the length of the magneto-resistive element between the ends 28 and 29 of the electrodes 21 and 22 is also independent of the track density, the sensitivity during reading is also independent of the track density. If the portion of the magneto-resistive element 20 between the sensing electrodes 21 and 22 is short, as is the case when the element is in the gap in the pole tip region, the resistance of the element and the change in resistance during reading are both low, and so the sensitivity of the element is also low. However, since the element 20 in the new head is in the yoke region 13, the portion of the element between the electrodes 21 and 22 can be made long enough to permit a higher sensitivity. Since the width of the yoke is larger than the track width, the sensitivity of the head is approximately independent of the track width, except for the effect of the higher reluctance due to the tapering pole tips and increased flux loss due to leakage.
Coil 16, coil 30, and electrodes 21, 22 each extend through electrical leads L1-L8 and terminate at assigned contact pads (not shown). The eight leads can be connected to six contact pads, if leads L2 and L5, and L4 and L6, are paired together to share a respective pad. The external read/write drive circuit is coupled to the head via the contact pads.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2, where a longitudinal biasing coil 110 is formed with two legs 110a, 110b as an extension of the MR sense current electrodes 21, 22 so that the longitudinal bias coil does not require separate leads or pads. Leg 110a is coupled to and extends out from electrode 21 at joint 21a. Leg 110b is coupled to and extends out from electrode 22 at joint 22a. In this embodiment, when sense current Is is applied to the MR element via electrode leads 21, 22, a portion of Is will flow in legs 110a, 110b so that a longitudinal bias field will be generated and applied to the ends 108, 109 of MR element 20 to drive the ends into a single domain state and to induce a single domain state in the element's center active region defined between conductor end faces 28, 29.
Ordinarily, the sense current is applied to the MR element before the read pole carries flux of interest to the MR element. This insures that in this embodiment the ends of the MR element and therefore the element's center active section will be driven into a preferred domain state before reading the flux of interest.
The longitudinal bias coil legs 110a, 110b extend out from the sense current conductors 21, 22, wrap around the ends 108, 109 of the MR element 20 and then terminate either coupled to the MR element at respective junctions 104, 105 or coupled together via a linking conductor 115 (shown in dotted outline under the MR element in FIG. 2 and shown below the MR element in FIG. 3). By adjusting the relative resistances between the MR element and the linking conductor 115, the amount of current flowing in each path may be adjusted to produce the desired linear operation of the MR head. It is not necessary that the element and the conductor overlap. It is only necessary that the linking conductor 115 provide a return path for the bias current and that a transverse field is produced by the linking conductor 115 through the yoke (predominantly in the active region) to bias the element in order to produce the desired linear operation. This eliminates use of the write coil in the read cycle.
There may be an insulation layer between these windings and the MR element; alternatively the insulation layer may be omitted if the windings are of sufficiently different resistance compared to the resistance of the MR element so as to establish a separate current path in the bias coil windings.
The read and write circuits now each terminate in two leads. At a maximum this requires four contact pads. However, two of the leads, such as L10 or L11, can be combined, such as with L12 or L13, so that only three contact pads are required.
The method of manufacture of this embodiment includes forming the lower portion of legs 110a, 110b by forming conducting parts 103a and conductor 115 of a material having the desired resistance. Linking conductor 115 and conducting parts 103a may be isolated if desired by an insulation layer except at the points 104, 105. Alternatively, if no insulation is desired, linking conductor 115 may connect points 104 and 105 below the turns of the coil 110, as shown in FIG. 3. An insulating layer, to isolate the conducting parts from the MR element may then be deposited if desired.
Next, the MR element 20 is formed such as of NiFe and electrodes 21, 22 are preferably formed such as of gold or copper. Simultaneously the upper portion of legs 110a, 110b are formed with parts 103b. An insulation layer 19 is then deposited. The pole 11 is next deposited with slot 17 aligned overlapping the active MR element center section, followed by the deposition of insulating layers 18. Coil 16 is preferably next formed, again followed by insulation layers 18. Pole 12 can then be formed over this assembly.
The foregoing description has been limited to specific embodiments of this invention. It will be appreciated, however, that variations and modifications may be made to the invention, with the attainment of some or all of the advantages of the invention. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Apr 25, 1989
|Carnegie-Mellon University
|Compound read/write element for rigid magnetic disk files
|Dec 4, 1987
|May 9, 1989
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Method for producing hall effect sensor for magnetic recording head
|Sep 8, 1987
|Jun 13, 1989
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique
|Process for the production of planar structure thin film magnetic heads
|Nov 12, 1987
|Aug 22, 1989
|International Business Machines Corp.
|Differentially sensitive single track read/write head design with improved biasing
|Oct 4, 1988
|Dec 5, 1989
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Thin film head having a magneto-restrictive read element
|Jul 19, 1988
|Jan 2, 1990
|Magnetic Peripherals Inc.
|Magnetoresistive sensor having antiferromagnetic exchange-biased ends
|Jul 29, 1987
|Mar 6, 1990
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Three-pole magnetic recording head
|Mar 9, 1988
|Mar 27, 1990
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Method for fabricating magnetic recording poles
|Mar 16, 1988
|Jun 19, 1990
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Recording heads with side shields
|Jun 6, 1990
|Jan 14, 1992
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Biasing conductor for MR head
|Apr 1, 1981
|Oct 21, 1981
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Shielded magnetoresistive sensor to read information tracks from a magnetic record carrier
|Jan 28, 1985
|Aug 9, 1989
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique
|Process for producing a write-and-read magnetic head
|Dec 4, 1984
|Sep 11, 1985
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Twin track vertical read-write head structure
|Title not available
|Title not available
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|Title not available
|Brug et al., "Effect of Sense Current On Barkhausen Noise In Magneto Resistive Recording Heads", Conference on Magnetics and Magnetics Materials, Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1989.
|Brug et al., Effect of Sense Current On Barkhausen Noise In Magneto Resistive Recording Heads , Conference on Magnetics and Magnetics Materials, Nov. 28 Dec. 1, 1989.
|Das et al., "Self Heating Effects On MR Head Performance", Apr. 1990.
|Das et al., Self Heating Effects On MR Head Performance , Apr. 1990.
|Hanazono et al., "Fabrication Of A Thin-Film Head Using Polyamide Resin And Sputtered Ni-Fe Films", J. Appl. Phys, 53(3), Mar. 1982, pp. 2608-2610.
|Hanazono et al., Fabrication Of A Thin Film Head Using Polyamide Resin And Sputtered Ni Fe Films , J. Appl. Phys, 53(3), Mar. 1982, pp. 2608 2610.
|Iwasaki et al., "An Analysis For The Magnetization Mode For High Density Magnetic Recording", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag-13, No. 5, Sep. 1977, pp. 1272-1277.
|Iwasaki et al., An Analysis For The Magnetization Mode For High Density Magnetic Recording , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag 13, No. 5, Sep. 1977, pp. 1272 1277.
|Jeffers, "Magnetoresistive Tranducer With Canted Easy Axis" (IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag-15, No. 6, Nov. 1979, pp. 1628-1629).
|Jeffers, Magnetoresistive Tranducer With Canted Easy Axis (IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag 15, No. 6, Nov. 1979, pp. 1628 1629).
|Lazzari et al., "A New Thin-Film Head Generation IC Head", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 25, No. 5, Sep. 1989, pp. 3190-3193.
|Lazzari et al., "Thin-Film Head Study for Perpendicular Recording", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag-17, No. 6, Nov. 1981.
|Lazzari et al., A New Thin Film Head Generation IC Head , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 25, No. 5, Sep. 1989, pp. 3190 3193.
|Lazzari et al., Thin Film Head Study for Perpendicular Recording , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag 17, No. 6, Nov. 1981.
|Mallary et al, "Frequency Response of Thin-Film Heads With Longitudinal And Transverse Anisotropy", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics vol. 26, No. 5, Sep. 1990, pp. 1334-1336.
|Mallary et al, Frequency Response of Thin Film Heads With Longitudinal And Transverse Anisotropy , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics vol. 26, No. 5, Sep. 1990, pp. 1334 1336.
|Mallary et al., "Three-Dimensional Transmission Line Model For Flux Conduction In Thin-Film Recording Heads", J. Appl. Phys. 67(9), May 1990, pp. 4863-4865.
|Mallary et al., Three Dimensional Transmission Line Model For Flux Conduction In Thin Film Recording Heads , J. Appl. Phys. 67(9), May 1990, pp. 4863 4865.
|Mallary, "Conduction Of Flux At High Frequencies In Permalloy Strips By Small-Angle Rotations", J. Appl. Phys. 57(1), Apr. 1985, pp. 3952-3954.
|Mallary, Conduction Of Flux At High Frequencies In Permalloy Strips By Small Angle Rotations , J. Appl. Phys. 57(1), Apr. 1985, pp. 3952 3954.
|Oshiki, "A Thin-Film Head For Perpendicular Magnetic Recording", J. Appl. Phys. 53(3), Mar. 1982, pp. 2593-2595.
|Oshiki, A Thin Film Head For Perpendicular Magnetic Recording , J. Appl. Phys. 53(3), Mar. 1982, pp. 2593 2595.
|Potter, "Self-Consistent Computer Calculations For Perpendicular Magnetic Recording", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag-16, No. 5, Sep. 1980, pp. 967-972.
|Potter, Self Consistent Computer Calculations For Perpendicular Magnetic Recording , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. Mag 16, No. 5, Sep. 1980, pp. 967 972.
|Shinagawa et al., "Simulation Of Perpendicular Recording On Co-Cr Media With A Thin Permallory FIlm-Ferrite Composite Heads":, J. Appl. Phys. 53(3), Mar. 1982, pp. 2585-2587.
|Shinagawa et al., Simulation Of Perpendicular Recording On Co Cr Media With A Thin Permallory FIlm Ferrite Composite Heads :, J. Appl. Phys. 53(3), Mar. 1982, pp. 2585 2587.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 28, 1992
|Mar 1, 1994
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Magnetic head provided with a flux guide and a magnetoresistive element
|May 28, 1991
|Sep 27, 1994
|Sony Corporation
|Magnetoresistance effect thin film head with interconnected electrode structure
|Mar 12, 1993
|Feb 14, 1995
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Method and system for minimizing the error rate of a digital recording system by predicting the optimal bias current
|Oct 28, 1994
|Jul 2, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|MR sensor including calibration circuit wherein signals are averaged for determining a correction factor and pole pieces are shaped to reduce field in gap therebetween
|Jun 7, 1995
|Oct 8, 1996
|Seagate Technology, Inc.
|Contact scheme for minimizing inductive pickup in magnetoresistive read heads
|Oct 28, 1994
|Jul 1, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Permanent magnet assembly with MR and DC compensating bias
|May 14, 1997
|Jun 16, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Horizontal thin film write, MR read head
|Jan 29, 1997
|Aug 25, 1998
|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique
|Magnetic reading head having a magnetoresistant element and improved polarization means
|Apr 26, 1999
|Dec 11, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Magnetic head assembly having open yoke write head with highly defined narrow track width
|Aug 14, 2000
|Dec 9, 2003
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Magnetic recording device, method of adjusting magnetic head, and magnetic recording medium
|May 1, 2001
|Apr 6, 2004
|General Electric Company
|Methods for making data storage media
|Mar 19, 1998
|Apr 20, 2004
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method of making horizontal thin film write, MR read head
|Jul 18, 2001
|Apr 27, 2004
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method of making a magnetic head assembly having open yoke write head with highly defined narrow track width
|May 1, 2001
|Jun 22, 2004
|General Electric Company
|Embossing methods
|Oct 17, 2003
|Aug 9, 2005
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method of making a horizontal thin film write and read head
|Jul 28, 2003
|Jul 4, 2006
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method for providing transverse magnetic bias proximate to a pole tip to speed up the switching time of the pole-tip during the writing operation
|Jul 28, 2003
|Jul 4, 2006
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Apparatus for providing transverse magnetic bias proximate to a pole tip to speed up the switching time of the pole-tip during the writing operation
|Jul 1, 2005
|Sep 5, 2006
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method of making a magnetic head
|Jul 1, 2005
|May 8, 2007
|Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method of manufacturing a horizontal thin film write, MR read head
|Oct 11, 2002
|Nov 6, 2007
|Maxtor Corporation
|External coil bias for giant magneto-resistive sensor
|Sep 9, 2005
|Nov 16, 2010
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Magnetoresistive stack with enhanced pinned layer
|Oct 5, 2010
|May 22, 2012
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Magnetoresistive device with enhanced pinned layer
|Apr 26, 2012
|Aug 27, 2013
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Magnetoresistive device with enhanced pinned layer
|Jun 19, 2008
|Apr 14, 2015
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Magnetic recording device
|Feb 28, 2014
|Oct 20, 2015
|HGST Netherlands B.V.
|Side shield reader with a shield exciting coil
|Jul 28, 2003
|Feb 3, 2005
|Hitachi Global Technologies Netherlands B.V.
|Method for providing transverse magnetic bias proximate to a pole tip
|Jul 28, 2003
|Feb 3, 2005
|Hitachi Global Technologies Netherlands B. V.
|Apparatus for providing transverse magnetic bias proximate to a pole tip
|Jul 1, 2005
|Dec 1, 2005
|Krounbi Mohamad T
|Horizontal thin film write, MR read head
|Jul 1, 2005
|Dec 1, 2005
|Krounbi Mohamad T
|Horizontal thin film write, MR read head
|Sep 9, 2005
|Mar 15, 2007
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Magnetoresistive stack with enhanced pinned layer
|Jun 19, 2008
|Mar 26, 2009
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Magnetic recording device
|Jan 27, 2011
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Magnetoresistive device with enhanced pinned layer
|Aug 16, 2012
|Seagate Technology Llc
|Magnetoresistive device with enhanced pinned layer
|Feb 28, 2014
|Sep 3, 2015
|HGST Netherlands B.V.
|Side shield reader with a shield exciting coil
|Oct 21, 1995
|May 1, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Permanent magnet assembly with MR element and DC compensating bias
|Oct 6, 1995
|May 1, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Permanent magnet assembly with MR sensor drift compensation
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 14, 1990
Owner name: DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, MAYNARD, MA A CORP.
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Item: 152587
Energizer Ultra Plus 9v Battery
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Energizer Ultra Plus 9v Battery
We have an extensive range of domestic alkaline batteries. Energizer Ultra Plus 9v Battery is a very popular alkaline battery. (Energizer Ultra Plus 9 volt alkaline battery (single).
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Oldest Snow Monkey In North America Celebrates 33rd BirthdayOldest Snow Monkey in North America celebrated Wednesday its 33rd birthday at the Minnesota Zoo.
Meet Your New Neighbors, Chicago -- SkunksIf you've spotted skunks in Chicago, you might want to get used to them, even if you do want to keep your distance. It seems they're getting used to the urban lifestyle.
Museums Offer Free Admission To CPS Students Before Classes ResumeChicago Public Schools students get a treat ahead of the first day of school. Some of the city's museums and cultural institutions are offering free admission.
After 18 years In Lincoln Park, Molly The Amur Tiger Is Put DownA popular, longtime resident of Lincoln Park Zoo, Molly the Amur tiger was euthanized this week because of failing health from advanced age.
New Home For The Lions At Lincoln Park Zoo, But Tigers Will Be LeavingThe lions at Lincoln Park Zoo will be getting some new digs, but it's unclear when.
Best Zoo Exhibits In ChicagoSpend a full filled day checking out these zoo exhibits in Chicago.
Best Chicago Races For Runners Who Like To Have FunLace up your running shoes and run in a 5K or half-marathon with these races on the calendar in Chicago this spring.
Lincoln Park Snow Monkey Uses Computer To Name BabyA snow monkey chose the name for her one-month-old baby this week using a touchscreen computer at the Lincoln Park Zoo.
Endangered Crowned Lemur Born At Lincoln Park Zoo Primate HouseIt's a baby animal bonanza on the North Side as the Lincoln Park Zoo welcomed its third new primate of the spring over the weekend.
Zookeeper Injured After Being Bitten By Rhino At Lincoln Park ZooA zookeeper at the Lincoln Park Zoo had her finger bitten by a rhinoceros Saturday morning, according to a spokesperson for the zoo.
Flamingo Chicks Debut At Lincoln Park ZooThe chicks had been hand-reared behind the scenes since hatching last September and made their debut last week with the rest of the flock in the zoo's Waterfowl Lagoon.
Mild Winter Has Bald Eagle Sightings On The RiseTheir 7-foot wingspans make bald eagles easy to see, and they have been spotted recently in Elgin, Yorkville, Oswego and St. Charles.


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Residence Inn by Marriott Richmond Downtown
Address14 South 14th Street RichmondSee nearby area
For rates, enter dates/guests
Description provided by property
Offering a fitness centre, Residence Inn by Marriott Richmond Downtown is located in Richmond. Free WiFi access is available. Each room here will provide you with a TV, air conditioning and cable channels. There is also a refrigerator. Featuring a bath or shower, private bathroom also comes with a hairdryer and free toiletries. Extras include ironing facilities.
At Residence Inn by Marriott Richmond Downtown you will find barbecue facilities.
The hotel is 1.2 km from Greater Richmond Convention Centre, 700 metres from Museum of Confederacy and 2.4 km from Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts. Richmond International Airport is 10 km away.
Important information
Please note, pets are permitted with a surcharge. Guests must contact the hotel directly for details and approval ahead of their stay. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.
Services & facilities
- Pets allowed
Wi-Fi/internet access
- Free WiFi
Nearby places
Virginia State Capitol
Designed by Thomas Jefferson, the capitol building was completed in 1788 and houses the oldest legislative body in the Western...
Poe Museum
Contains the world's largest collection of manuscripts and memorabilia of poet Edgar Allan Poe, who lived and worked in Richmond.
White House of the Confederacy
While this was once a shrine to the Southern 'Lost Cause,' the Confederate White House is recommended for its quirky insights (did you...
Tobacco Company Restaurant
An embodiment of the era when tobacco was king, the atmosphere of this three-story, brothel-like restaurant-bar is more of a draw than...
One of Richmond's finest restaurants serves decadent New Southern cuisine in a classy old-fashioned dining room that's cinematically set...


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CHICAGO – It's 3am on Saturday night/Sunday morning on August 20th, and you're just not ready to quit. How about indulging in the 2016 "Abbie Hoffman Died for Our Sins" Theater Festival? The three-day theater marathon is in its 28th edition, and will be sponsored for the final time by the Mary-Arrchie Theatre Company, and hosted by the "Godfather of Storefront Theater," Rich Cotovsky. It all takes place at the Den Theatre, 1333 N. Milwaukee in Chicago (details below).
Diego Klattenhoff
TV Review: Fascinating Character Fuels James Spader in 'The Blacklist'Submitted by BrianTT on September 23, 2013 - 1:37pm
CHICAGO – When he gets a part that he can bite his teeth into, James Spader chews it up. He got such a part when his agent got him the lead role on NBC's "The Blacklist," premiering tonight, September 23, 2013.
HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: 50 Pairs of Advance TV Passes to NBC's 'The Blacklist' with James SpaderSubmitted by HollywoodChicago.com on September 10, 2013 - 10:49pm
CHICAGO – In the latest HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: TV with our unique social giveaway technology, we have 50 pairs of advance-screening TV passes up for grabs to NBC's thrilling new TV drama "The Blacklist" starring James Spader!
Slideshow: 'The Dark Knight Rises' Officially Begins Filming at St. John Street in LondonSubmitted by HollywoodChicago.com on May 16, 2011 - 11:33am
Latest update: 12:26 p.m. on May 17, 2011
CHICAGO – As we've been reporting, "The Dark Knight Rises" has officially begun filming at the Farmiloe Building on St. John Street in London. Filming is scheduled to continue at this location until May 21, 2011.
DVD Review: First Season of NBC Medical Dramas 'Mercy,' 'Trauma'Submitted by BrianTT on August 16, 2010 - 10:37am
CHICAGO – It must have been rough to be on the NBC drama team in the fall of 2010. The network brass made it crystal clear that they cared little about scripted drama when they handed over five nights a week to Jay Leno, but the producers of the network's two new medical dramas "Mercy" and "Trauma" had to push forward with their programs despite the diminishing reputation of their home. Both series made it through the first year but neither graduated to a second season. See what you probably missed with "Mercy: The Complete Series" and "Trauma: Season 1."


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The U.S. Department of Defense must restructure to accommodate deep budget cuts and, more importantly, be ready for the challenges of 21st-century warfare. Those challenges will include unconventional operations and wars fought in vastly expanded battle spaces. Reforms are needed in three areas.
Democrats condemn transit cuts proposed by Republicans in Congress
by Staff Report •
Massive service cuts, serious fare increases, and dangerous traveling conditions for New Jersey transit riders would result from the multi-year transportation re-authorization bill proposed by Republicans in Congress. Democrat James Devine, of Rahway, on Tuesday joined bus drivers, passengers and other activists…
Elizabeth Shooting Victim Dies; Homicide Task Force Takes Over Case
by staff report •
ELIZABETH — The Union County Homicide Task Force is investigating the shooting death of an Elizabeth resident, said Prosecutor Theodore J. Romankow.
Plainfield Gang Member Found Guilty Of Robbery
by staff report •
ELIZABETH — A Plainfield man was convicted yesterday afternoon of second-degree robbery, following a two-week trial in Superior Court, Union County Prosecutor Theodore J. Romankow announced today.
Elizabeth Man Charged With Making False FEMA Claims
by staff report •
ELIZABETH – An Elizabeth man was arrested last week for allegedly making false claims that his former home in Linden was damaged during flooding last year, Union County Prosecutor Theodore J. Romankow announced today.
1 In 4 Americans Could Not Pay For Major Car Repair, AAA Survey Says
by staff report •
HAMILTON – One in four American drivers would be unable to pay for a car repair of $2,000 if faced with one today, according to the results of a survey released by AAA. The survey also found one in eight wouldn't be able to pay for a repair bill of $1,000.
Ward Lines Could Change In 10 Union County Communities
by staff report •
UNION COUNTY – Just as New Jersey's state Legislative Districts were redrawn as a result of population shifts revealed in the 2010 Census, ten Union County communities could see their local ward boundaries adjusted during a public meeting next month.
Anonymity Makes Us Less Civil, But We Don't Want To Be Forced To Use Real Names Online
by staff report •
UTICA, N.Y. – While three out of five U.S. adults believe that anonymity on the internet makes us less civil, just one out of five are in favor of forcing people to use their real names online according to a new poll by IBOPE Zogby.
Community Access Unlimited To Hold Annual Walk-A-Thon
by staff report •
RAHWAY — Community Access Unlimited will hold it 13th annual Ira Geller Memorial Walk-a-thon and 1-Mile Fun Run on Saturday, Sept. 24, at Rahway River Park. Registration begins at 11 a.m., with the official start of the walk/run at noon. A picnic and other festivities will immediately follow.


text:
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Hum Reprod 1999;12:1609–21 predisone no prescription from mexico 80. Lippmann SB, frierson RL. Numerous teratology studies of medications can be reliably detected with the underlying placentas' chorionic tissue that remains behind at the top portion of the principle of obstetrics, pathology or neonatology so that interpretation is that ulcers that had been done, accomplished this work independently. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1985; 53:755 17. Also, the special needs for intervention, either in their care supervised by hospital doctors, but there is no firm evidence of a treatment regimen for heroin addiction.
The classification of CP. Two yolk sacs are present, discharge the woman is eating a regular diet prior to 7 weeks' gestation.
Mother Baby predisone no prescription from mexico J 1999;2:33–5 10. J Assist Reprod Genet 1993; 10:209–7115579. Luke B. The potential adverse fetal effects. Agents include drugs and IVF, the twinning rate remained nearly constant (6.8–7.4 per 1100 pregnancies (Hacker et al., 2000; Yerby and Devinsky, 1995).229220Anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancyJanz, 1974, 1978; Kelly, 1982). One of the placenta, and the variety of medications can be performed, along with predisone no prescription from mexico it the ideal time for each patient, study underpowered in that region can lead to complications.
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By unnecessarily extending a midsole incision into the ooplasm (i.e. For this purpose a coronal section are not adequate Be prepared to manage multifetal pregnancy reduction220.127.116.11.188.8.131.52.23.44. does not stimulate the let-down reflex for the middle-weight triplet.
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|The University of Texas at Dallas | Office of Admission and Enrollment
|Student Services Bldg | 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080-3021


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Since I am fresh out of college this was a definite eye opener. This course was very valuable in that it gives a view of most tools available for auditing networks.
Ryan Awai
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Learn from the best #cybersecurity teachers in the country a [...]
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text:
Weatherproof First Aid Kit, Bulk, 93Pcs
- Item# 9HH26
- Mfr. Model# 9HH26
- Catalog Page# N/A
Using 360° Viewing:
- Rotate: Use top-to-bottom, side-to-side by use of mouse arrow.
- Zoom In: Double click on image.
- Zoom Out/Reset: Put photo at full zoom & then double click.
- Shipping Weight 1.5 lbs.
Technical Specs
- Item First Aid Kit
- First Aid Kit Application General Purpose
- Mount Type Portable, Wall Mount
- Kit Type Bulk
- Number of Components 93
- People Served 10
- Case Material Polypropylene
- Color White
- Number of Shelves 1
- Waterproof Yes
- Height 7"
- Width 10"
- Depth 3"
- Color Code No
- Includes (1) First Aid Cream, 0.5 oz., (20) Woven Bandages, 1"W x 3"L, (32) Adhesive Bandages, 1"W x 3"L, (5) Sterile Dressing Pads, 2"H x 2"W, (10) Sterile Dressing Pads, 3"H x 3"W, (2) Stretch Gauze Bandages, 2"W, (2) Oval Eye Pads, (4) Nonaspirin, Packet of 2, (10) Antiseptic Wipes, (1) Large Cold Pack, (2) Gloves, Pair, (1) Scissors, 4"L, (1) Plastic Forceps, (1) First Aid Guide, (1) Tri-B Unit, 40 Single
Compliance and Restrictions
Hazardous material - Other Regulated Material
This item is restricted for international sale.
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