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Arbor Day is in April in Nebraska. It's a state holiday there. Here, everyday is ... began in 1872. It's a state holiday there. Here, every day is Arbor Day . I walk about a mile from my house to the ...
... food. By promoting something like "Artichoke Day ," it implants the idea of that food out to the masses, and probably ... McDuck-style? In any case, seeing as chocolate ice cream is literally one of the greatest desserts in the history of humans eating ...
Every day should be Park(ing) Day . [scald=27638:kl_image_original_context ... Day Park(ing) Day is a verdant combination of public space awareness, land use policy discourse, ...
... write this, our nation is celebrating National Coffee Day . At least, that's what my Facebook feed and the trending hash-tags on ... spike from that post, and so begins the plan to cover every food holiday on the calendar. (And KCET is not immune to ...
Every November beginning in 1928, elaborate holiday decorations ... reindeer pulled him down the boulevard. After New Year's Day , the trees were replanted on the grounds of the Hollywood Bowl. In later ... collectors. Hosted by the USC Libraries, L.A. as Subject is dedicated to preserving and telling the sometimes-hidden stories and ...
... it seems like Oktoberfest starts earlier and earlier every year. Not all Oktoberfests are created equal. Some Alpine-inspired ... no need to advertise. Instead, you can simply head in any day of the week for a schnitzel and liter or two of their fines weisse beer, ...
... Busters" to name a couple). Her daughter Nadia had the day off work and they both decided to pursue a cookbook, of sorts, through a ... and have a good meal and talk. In this house, we do that every night," she explained about making memories with food. "I treat every ...
... ourselves and spirit of the holidays each and every Christmas Eve. ... is celebrating its 50th anniversary year with a series of stories, ... from a Live Remote Truck. The set-up took from 3 p.m. the day before (when the Dorothy Chandler finished the concert of the day ) ...
... a restaurant staple in the '60s in the U.S. Today it shows up everywhere, even edging out chocolate or vanilla cake at ... There are great renditions, all slightly different but every single one delicious, at Joan's on Third, Susiecakes, and at Buttercake ...
... partner? We have a different wine and cheese pairing for every couple. [scald=61556:kl_image_original_context] Since ... + Quinta de Rossa 10 yr. Tawny Port "This pairing shows that many things, including wine and cheese, get better with time," ...
Ballot Brief
Is California in for a Shock?
"Trump just needs "one sane month" and he could well win."
California, Get Ready for President Trump
Youth Voices
Literary Riot: Giving a Voice to Immigrants' Struggles
Karla Gutierrez and Paola Gonzalez, an 18 and 17-year-old from Animo Inglewood Charter High School, perform an original poem that gives a voice to the struggles immigrants have and continue to face in America.
Literary Riot: Giving a Voice to Immigrants' Struggles


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Anesthesiologist (pain control)
25 years of experience
25 years of experience
Arrowhead Ranch
18701 N 67th Ave
Glendale, AZ 85308 Phone number & directions
18701 N 67th Ave
Glendale, AZ 85308 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Frank Konchan:
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The overall average patient rating of Dr. Frank Konchan is Excellent.
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Dr. Frank Konchan, MD is board certified in Anesthesiology.
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Dr. Konchan graduated from The University of Texas at Galveston.
Dr. Konchan has 1 hospital affiliations:
- Paradise Valley Hospital
Home > Find an Anesthesiologist > AZ > Glendale Anesthesiologists > Dr. Frank Konchan, MD
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Frank Gerard Konchan MD is a male Anesthesiologist, has 25 years of experience and practices in Anesthesiology.
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Surprising facts about world's biggest brands
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Did you know Google was originally known as BackRub?
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text: Torata Kishi Torata Kishi Tokyo Attracted to the guitar at the age of 15. During the time in New Zealand as an exchange, spent most of the time for playing the guitar. After returning, everyone was studying for the university entrance exams expect me. Until quitting the university, spent another most of the time in playing the guitar and that helped me making lots of friends. Today, enjoying the guitar in the music clubs in Tokyo. The genres preferred to listen to changed like this; Folk ~ DeathMetal ~ Acoustic Guitar Instrumental ~ DeathMetal. That makes my music sound attractive and reach to your heart. With interesting development, and excitement and delicate sensibility, your heart will be moved and healed. Enjoy the music of Torata. Torata Kishi's tracks Art Of Spring by Torata Kishi published on 2012/08/07 12:52:11 +0000 Grace by Torata Kishi published on 2012/08/07 12:49:32 +0000 oaSis by Torata Kishi published on 2012/08/07 12:46:50 +0000 Your Way My Way by Torata Kishi published on 2012/08/07 12:44:18 +0000


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- 1
making a mail catcher
OK, so here's my problem. My mail is delivered right through my front door. That's fine, but it ends up all over the floor in a mess. On top of that I have a dog that likes to chew on it. Not good if I got bills or a...
- 26
One of the most asked question when it comes to falconry equipment is how do you build the mews. You can make these enclosures as elaborate as you want. One chamber, one chamber and a small equipment room on the side....
- 0
Making a Falconry Hood
How to make a falconry hood. A complete step by step tutorial.
- 101
Free Cable Knit scarf pattern
Knitting scarves is a lot of fun. It doesn't take a lot of yarn and you don't have to be a master knitter to get great results. I love knitting in the fall while watching TV. When I wanted to knit a cable scarf, I...
- 30
Colored Pencil Demo - Fur
Doing fur with colored pencils is actually very easy. It can be time consuming however, so you might want to start small. Doing fur, to me, is very zen like. I just immerse myself into the piece and let the world go...


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Automotive, Marine & GPS
MB Quart DS1-204 Discus Series 400-Watt Shallow Subwoofer (8")
400W max 200W RMS; Fits in less than 3.1" depth; Dual 4ohm 2" high-temperature voice coils ; Vented aluminum former ; Polycotton-blended spider ; UV-protected butyl rubber surround ; Thermal-formed polypropylene cone & dust cap; Through frame & pole piece venting ; High-energy Y30 motor assembly ; Nickel-plated push & insert connectors ; Heavy-gauge powder-coated stamped steel basket; Ideal for sealed or vented enclosure; 8"; Each
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These Male to Male DVI cables are used for connecting a computer monitor to a desktop system or laptop.
83-7849 - 6 ft VGA HD15 Male to Female Cable
These male to female SVGA cables are used for extending an existing cable, or connecting to a switch box or extender.
22-14540 - Adjustable Compression Crimping Tool For RCA/BNC/F Type Connectors
Universal compression crimp tool provides a fast and easy method of crimping a variety of connectors. Works with "F", BNC and RCA compression connectors for RG58, RG59 and RG6 cables.
24-14800 - 3' High Speed HDMI Extension Cable
HDMI Cable Extension
This HDMI cable extension is built with the latest HDMI technology. Compatible with 3D and 4K display technologies, bi-directional A/V and data connectivity. It supports faster refresh rates like 120Hz, pushing the boundaries of your high-def...
28-19375 - 12VDC 2A Regulated AC Power Adapter
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UL and CSA listed AC to DC switching power supply suitable for a variety of portable electronic devices. Light weight, compact and highly efficient switch mode design incorporates regulated output within 3% of rated output, even ...
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 12, 2002
|Filing date
|Aug 31, 2000
|Priority date
|Mar 3, 2000
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Steven Z. Shi, John R. Davey, Shimshon Gottesfeld, Xiaoming Ren
|Original Assignee
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (64), Classifications (11), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of provisional application 60/186,705 filed Mar. 3, 2000 now abandoned.
This invention was made with government support under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention relates generally to ultracapacitors with polymer active materials, and, more particularly, to a method for fabricating polymer ultracapacitors.
Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, are energy storage devices which can store more energy than traditional capacitors and discharge this energy at higher rates than rechargeable batteries. In addition, the cycle life of electrochemical capacitors should far exceed that of a battery system. Ultracapacitors are attractive for potential applications in emerging technology areas that require electric power in the form of pulses. Examples of such applications include digital communication devices that require power pulses in the millisecond range, and traction power systems in an electric vehicle where the high power demand can last for seconds up to minutes.
Battery performance and cycle life deteriorate severely with increasing power demand. A capacitor-battery combination has been proposed where the capacitor handles the peak power and the battery provides the sustained load between pulses. Such a hybrid power system can apparently improve the overall power performance and extend battery cycle life without increase in size or weight of the system.
An ultracapacitor is basically the same as a battery in terms of general design, the difference being that the nature of charge storage in the electrode active material is capacitive, i.e., the charge and discharge processes involve only the movement of electronic charge through the solid electronic phase and ionic movement through the solution phase. Energy densities of ultracapacitors are much higher than those of conventional capacitors, but typically lower than those of advanced batteries. However, compared to batteries, higher power densities and longer cycle life have been either demonstrated or projected. These latter advantages of ultracapacitors over batteries are achievable because no rate-determining and life-limiting phase transformations take place at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
The dominant ultracapacitor technology has been based on double-layer type charging at high surface area carbon electrodes, where a capacitor is formed at the carbon/electrolyte interface by electronic charging of the carbon surface with counter-ions in the solution phase migrating to the carbon in order to counterbalance that charge.
Conducting polymers have been investigated for use in ultracapacitors. Higher energy densities can be achieved because charging occurs through the volume of the active polymer material rather than just at the outer surface. When a conducting polymer is being p-doped (positively charged), electrons leave the polymer backbone generating an excess of positive charge; anions from the electrolyte solution migrate into the polymer matrices to counter the positive charge. In the case of n-doping of conducting polymers, the polymer backbone becomes negatively charged by the addition of electrons from the external circuit; cations enter the polymer matrices from solution to balance the negative charge.
An object of the present invention is to provide an ultracapacitor that is compact and lightweight. The present invention also provides methods of electrode fabrication, cell assembly and packaging.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,318
Li et al., Method of Fabricating a
Conductive Polymer Energy
Storage Device.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,205
Andrieu et al., Bifunctional Electrode
for an Electrochemical or a
Supercapacitor and a Method of
Producing It.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,541
Li et al., Polymer Electrodes for
Energy Storage Devices and Method
of Making Same.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,053
Howard, Conducting Polymer
Electrodes for Energy Storage
Devices and Method of
Making Same.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,421
Poehler et al., Completely Polymeric
Charge Storage Device and Method
for Producing Same.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,488,203
Muranaka et al., Electrochemical
Double-Layer Capacitor and Film
Various objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention includes a sealed ultracapacitor assembly. First and second electrodes are formed of first and second conducting polymers electrodeposited on porous carbon paper substrates, where the first and second electrodes each define first and second exterior surfaces and first and second opposing surfaces. First and second current collector plates are bonded to the first and second exterior surfaces, respectively. A porous membrane separates the first and second opposing surfaces, with a liquid electrolyte impregnating the porous membrane. A gasket formed of a thermoplastic material surrounds the first and second electrodes and seals between the first and second current collector plates for containing the liquid electrolyte.
In another characterization of the invention, a method is presented for forming a sealed ultracapacitor. First and second carbon disk electrodes are bonded on first and second current collector plates, respectively, and conducting polymer active material is electrodeposited onto the first and second carbon paper disk electrodes to produce first and second capacitor electrodes. First and second gasket seal rings are bonded to the first and second current collectors. A porous separator is sealed to the first gasket seal ring to cover the polymer active material on the first capacitor electrode. A first electrolyte fill tube is inserted between the separator and the first gasket seal ring on the first capacitor electrode. The second gasket seal ring is aligned facing the first gasket seal ring and a second electrolyte fill tube is inserted between the first and second gasket seal rings. The first and second gasket seal rings are then bonded together. A liquid is introduced through the first electrolyte fill tube while drawing a vacuum on the second electrolyte fill tube to impregnate the porous separator with the electrolyte. The first and second electrolyte fill tubes are then sealed to form the sealed ultracapacitor.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiment of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIGS. 1A and 1B are exploded and cross-sectional views of an ultracapacitor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate process steps for forming electrode structures for the ultracapacitor shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electrodeposition apparatus for forming conductive polymer electrodes for use in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of electrode microstructure for an electrode formed by the electrodeposition apparatus shown in FIG. 3.
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a process step for adding sealing gaskets and fill tubes to the electrode structures after polymer deposition.
FIG. 5C illustrates the process for completing an ultracapacitor structure according to the present invention.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are alternate embodiments of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an ultracapacitor device comprises a single cell, having a voltage of 3 V at full charge. Referring now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, there are shown an exploded view and a cross sectional view respectfully, of a single-cell ultacapacitor device 10, which includes a pair of disk shaped electrodes 12,12′ bonded to current collector plates 14,14′, a separator 16 sandwiched between the two electrodes, a gasket 18 heat-sealed around the periphery of separator 16 and between current collectors 14,14′, and an impregnating electrolyte solution 20.
Electrodes 12,12′ comprise a conducting polymer active material electrodeposited onto a porous carbon paper substrate. Lightweight, highly conductive fibrous carbon paper (e.g., carbon paper from Spectracarb 2050A, 80% porosity, 0.25 g/cc, Spectracorp, MA) is preferred as the electrode substrate. This substrate provides a porous structure template that allows a significant volume of polymer to be deposited as thin films on the carbon fibers, resulting in a large polymer surface area that is accessible by an electrolyte. An active ultracapacitor electrode formed in this manner has strong advantages over structure based on pressed powder, providing high electronic conductivity through the carbon paper structure, as well as high ionic accessibility. The result is higher available power densities. The carbon paper thickness can be varied in the range of about 100 μm to 800 μm depending on the desired application.
In order to achieve enhanced specific energy and power, an important objective in cell design and packaging is to minimize the mass and volume of inactive components. Current collector plates 14,14′ are made of a thin electronically conductive film, which is electrochemically stable, lightweight, and has negligible solvent and ionic permeability. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the current collectors are prepared from a 100 μm thick Rexam conductive plastic film (COER, Rexam Graphics, MA). Gasket seal 18 is prepared from heat-sealable thermoplastic material, which is chemically inert to the electrolyte solution 20, lightweight, and is heat-sealable to materials selected for both current collectors 14,14′ and separator 16. A preferred heat-sealable material is polyolefin film with various thicknesses.
A key requirement for enhanced energy cycle efficiency and delivery of maximum power is a low cell equivalent series resistance (ESR). It is found that the separator 16 is the largest single source of cell ESR. Therefore a suitable separator 16 has high ionic conductivity when soaked with electrolyte and has minimum thickness. According to one embodiment of the invention, separator 16 is prepared from a 25 μm thick Solupor membrane (DSM 7P03, DSM 7P20, DSM Solutech, The Netherlands).
Electrolyte 20 preferably is formed from a tetraalkylammonium salt that is highly soluble in acetonitrile, is stable over a wide voltage window, and has highly mobile anions and cations for p- and n-doping/undoping processes. The preferred electrolytes that satisfy these criteria are tetramethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate Me4NCF3SO3, tetraethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate Et4NCF3SO3, and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate Et4NBF4.
In a single-cell device 10, both electrodes 12,12′ can be fabricated with the same conducting polymer active material, to provide a symmetric electrode configuration. Alternatively, a capacitor may have an asymmetric electrode configuration, in which each electrode is formed of a different conducting polymer active material. A symmetric device, the preferred embodiment, is easier to fabricate than an unsymmetric device. The symmetric device also allows the polarity of the two electrodes to be reversed, a possible advantage for continuous high performance during long-term charge cycling. However, an unsymmetric device may be selected where the choice of electrode material is determined by cost and performance. Then the best and most cost effective conducting polymer that exhibits p-doping may not be the most suitable material for n-doping. A preferred conducting polymer has a backbone of polythiophene. Suitable polymers include all modified polythiophenes where a phenyl, substituted phenyl or other aryl group has been attached to the thiophene in the 3-position, e.g., poly(3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene) (PFPT).
Referring now to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the electrode fabrication process includes first bonding a carbon paper disk electrode 30 on a current collector plate 32 (FIG. 2A), and then electrodepositing conducting polymer active material 37 onto the one-side bonded carbon paper electrode 34 to produce a capacitor electrode 36 (FIG. 2B). One method of bonding the carbon paper electrode to the current collector is by applying graphite-filled epoxy. In one embodiment, a graphite-epoxy mixture is prepared by mixing 51% by weight of purified graphite powder (2-15 micron, 99.99%) to 41% by weight of epoxy resin and 8% epoxy hardener (Mager Scientific Inc). The mixture is best if used within 20 minutes of mixing. A carbon paper disc 30 and a current collector disk 32 are prepared with desired diameters. A stainless steel (or any other heat resistant material) (not shown) washer is placed on the top of current collector disc 32. The washer is slightly thinner than carbon paper 30, and has an outer diameter the same as that of current collector (e.g., Rexam conductive film) disc 32, and an inner diameter the same as that of carbon paper 30. A very thin layer of the graphite-epoxy mixture is applied on one side of the carbon paper 30. Carbon paper 30 is then placed in the center of the stainless steel washer with the graphite-epoxy coated side facing current collector disc 32. The above assembly is then sandwiched between two Teflon sheets and cured for 10 minutes at 140� C. under 5 psi pressure. Alternatively, if Rexam conductive film is used as current collector 32, a thermal fusion method can be used to bond carbon paper 30 to current collector 32. This method includes using a well controlled hot roller, processing for 2 seconds at 150� C., under certain pressure. The hot roller pressure should be adjusted carefully so that carbon paper 30 will not be damaged.
After bonding carbon paper 30 on current collector 32, the next step of electrode fabrication is electropolymerizing a conducting polymer active material onto carbon paper 30. In an electropolymerization process, the conducting polymer active material 37 is electrochemically deposited, by anodic oxidation of the monomer, directly onto the electrode substrate (carbon paper 30).
Electropolymerization is carried out in a polymerization-cell 40 shown in FIG. 3. The polymerization cell contains working electrode 42, counter electrode 54 and reference electrode 46. Working electrode 42 includes assembly 48 of a carbon paper disk electrode bonded to a current collector, the same as 34 in FIG. 2A. A gold plated stainless steel disc plate 50 is electrically connected with working electrode 42 and is compressed against the back side of the electrode assembly 48 to provide good electric contact. An electrolyte seal is achieved by employing silicon rubber O-ring 52, which is compressed by side screws 51. Counter electrode 54 was made of relatively thick carbon paper connected to platinum wire 44. Counter electrode compartment 60 is separated from working electrode compartment 58 by porous glass frit 56. Reference electrode 46 is a non-aqueous Ag/Ag+ electrode, which is also separated from working electrode compartment 58 by porous glass plug 59. The electrolyte solution in working electrode compartment 58 is formed of electropolymerizable monomer(s) and a supporting electrolyte dissolved in a solvent. The electrolyte solution in the counter electrode compartment 60 contains only a supporting electrolyte dissolved in a solvent (e.g., acetonitrile).
An important objective in the fabrication of conducting polymer electrodes for ultracapacitors is to facilitate ionic mobility within the volume of the deposited polymer material. Electropolymerization can provide excellent control over the morphology and quality of the polymer formed by adjusting electropolymerization conditions, including electrical parameters, the nature of the electrolyte solution and the electrode substrate material. Electropolymerization of the monomer can be performed by controlling either the electrode current (constant current, pulse current) or the electrode potential (constant potential or cycling potential). In a preferred embodiment, conducting polymer is electrodeposited onto the carbon paper electrode (see carbon paper 30, FIG. 2A) at constant anodic current from a solution containing the relevant monomer(s). This galvanostatic polymer growth technique enables accurate control of the amount of polymer deposited, because the electrodeposited polymer mass is proportional to the polymer growth charge, i.e., the total charge passed during electropolymerization.
During electropolymerization, anions from the electrolyte solution are inserted into the polymer matrices to maintain charge neutrality, and, thus strongly affect the morphology of the polymer. Larger anions in electropolymerization will create larger pores in the polymer and thus a more open nano-structure. Therefore, the preferred electrolyte for electropolymerization is formed from a tetraalkylammonium salt with larger anions, e.g., tetraethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate Et4NCF3SO3 and tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate Et4NPF6.
For a given electrode substrate, monomer, and electrolyte solution, a strong determinant of electrode morphology is the polymer growth charge. The selection of proper growth charge requires a compromise between smaller growth charges which enable uniform deposition through the carbon paper and thus fast charge/discharge dynamics, and larger growth charges which provide higher energy density. Also, at higher polymer loading, a significant fraction of polymer could be preferentially deposited on the front surface, clogging pores of the carbon paper and thus reducing power density.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a PFPT conducting polymer is electropolymerized galvanostatically onto the carbon paper at 6 mA cm−2 to a total growth charge in the range from 5 to 20 C cm−2 from a solution of 0.1 M FPT monomer +1 M Et4NPF6 in acetonitrile. FIG. 4 is an example SEM micrograph showing the morphology of PFPT deposited around carbon fibers under these polymerization conditions. The carbon fiber orientation is along the arrow direction shown in the figure. FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph that illustrates a case where the loading of the deposited PFPT active material is optimized to achieve a high mass ratio of conducting polymer/carbon paper and, at the same time, leave enough residual porosity for ionic transport through the whole volume of the polymer material during charge/discharge cycles. Other exemplary monomers and monomer solutions containing the dimer (3,3″-bithiophene) are described in copending patent application S-91,747, Conducting Polymer for High Power Ultracapacitor, filed concurrently herewith and incorporated herein by reference.
Electropolymerization is performed inside a glove box filled with pure argon. Electrode assembly 34 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) is dried for about 12 hours in a vacuum chamber connected to the glove box. Electrode assembly 34 is then washed in dry acetonitrile before assembly into the working electrode 48 position in electropolymerization cell 40. Following electropolymerization, the deposited polymer is in p-doped state. It is first potentiostatically undoped, then removed from the polymerization cell, and rinsed with a non-aqueous solvent, e.g., acetonitrile. The polymer electrode is then soaked in a non-aqueous solvent, such as acetonitrile, for about 12 hours to remove any possible soluble oligomers trapped in the electrode matrix during electropolymerization. Electrode assembly 34 is then ready for assembly in an ultracapacitor device.
Once two conducting polymer electrodes are fabricated, a sealed single-cell ultracapacitor can be constructed following the steps illustrated in FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C. Referring now to FIG. 5A, the first step of cell assembly and packaging is to bond gasket seal ring 72 to the current collector 78 of electrode 74 to produce a electrode seal assembly 80. Gasket seal ring 72 is prepared from heat-sealable thermoplastic material, such as polyolefin film. Seal ring 72 is slightly thicker than the polymer coated carbon paper disc 76 of electrode 74, and has an outer diameter the same as that of the current collector disc 78, and an inner diameter slightly larger than that of the polymer coated carbon paper disc 76. Gasket seal ring 72 is placed on the top of current collector 78 of electrode 74 and aligned along the center of electrode 74.
Sealing between gasket and current collector 78 is accomplished by using a heat-sealing machine (e.g., a machine supplied by JME, Inc.). The central part of the heat sealer is a thin heating ring (not shown) made of tungsten. The heating ring has an inner and outer diameter similar to that of gasket seal ring 72. The electrode assembly 74 to be sealed is aligned over the heat ring. A current pulse, preferably at 20 A for 2 seconds, is applied to heat ring 74 by a timer controlled power supply. This current pulse enables the heat ring to heat up rapidly and causes gasket seal ring 72 to melt. At the same time, compression of electrode current collector 78 against the heat ring base is provided by a gas regulated silicon rubber piston controlled by a timer (not shown). Both the power supply and the piston pressure can be adjusted to accommodate a selected gasket material and thickness. The compression time is programmed to be always longer than the heating time, e.g., remaining compression for at least 2 seconds after heating is complete, to allow the heating ring to cool. Since the insulated heating ring is built on a metal base, this metal base serves as an effective heat sink, allowing the heating ring and sealed electrode 80 to cool down rapidly.
In the above discussed heat sealing process, heating occurs only in the z-direction through the heating ring to the periphery of current collector 78 and then to the gasket 72, so that the electrode active material and structure 76 will not suffer heating. The above heat sealing step results in electrode-seal assembly 80. A second electrode 82 (FIG. 5C) is bonded to the seal in the same way.
Referring now to FIG. 5B, the second step of cell assembly and packaging, is to seal a round porous separator 84 onto the gasket seal ring of the first half sealed electrode 80 and to insert a first electrolyte fill tube 71. Separator 84 has a diameter that is between the inner and outer diameters of gasket seal ring 72 of electrode 80. Before heat sealing separator 84, an electrolyte fill tube 71, e.g., a thin needle is inserted between separator 84 and gasket 72 to position the tube end within gap 75 between gasket 72 and polymer coated carbon paper 76. Heat sealing results in separator covered electrode 86.
The third step of cell assembly and packaging, referring to FIG. 5C, is to bond the two half sealed electrodes 82,86 together into a single cell device 70, and to insert a second electrolyte fill tube 83. The second half sealed electrode 82 is aligned over the first half sealed electrode 86. A second electrolyte fill tube is inserted between them. The assembly is sealed across the gasket rings by the heat sealer (see discussion for FIGS. 5A and 5B), to produce a single cell ultracapacitor device 70.
The next step is to fill electrolyte solution through the two inserted fill tubes 71, 83. One fill tube at one side of separator 84 is used to create a vacuum, the other fill tube at another side of the separator 84 is used to fill the capacitor. Once the capacitor 70 is filled with electrolyte solution, the fill tubes are removed from the capacitor. The fill holes left are sealed by a final step of heat sealing. Alternatively, sealing of the fill holes may be accomplished by various prior art methods, e.g., using a plug seal or a polymer resin.
Finally, lead wires (not shown) may be connected to the two current collectors. The sealed single cell can be further enclosed in a metal or plastic case (not shown) to form a hermetically sealed device.
In another embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the capacitor electrode can be fabricated into a bipolar arrangement 90 where two conducting polymer coated carbon paper electrodes 92, 94 are attached on both sides of a "bipolar" current collector 96.
Multi-cell ultracapacitor devices can be fabricated by arranging a plurality of single cells into a bipolar stack in order to provide needed higher voltage (and power). An examplary multi-cell ultracapacitor 100 is shown in FIG. 6B where the bipolar stack consists of four unit cells from 102 to 108. Each cell has a structure the same as that of the single cell 70 in FIG. 5C. In the bipolar stack, each cell is separated from its neighboring cell with a single current collector plate that also acts as an ionic barrier between cells.
This design optimizes the current path through the cell, reduces ohmic losses between cells, and minimizes the weight of packaging due to current collection. The result is an efficient capacitor with high energy and power densities. The construction of a bipolar ultracapacitor will be simpler if the anode and cathode are fabricated from the same conducting polymer active material.
The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.
The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 8, 1983
|Dec 11, 1984
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electrochemical double-layer capacitor and film enclosure
|May 30, 1990
|Jan 22, 1991
|Drexel University
|Polymerization of thiophene and its derivatives
|Dec 4, 1989
|Jul 21, 1992
|Solvay & Cie (Societe Anonyme)
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 31, 2000
Owner name: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, NEW MEXIC
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHI, STEVEN Z.;DAVEY, JOHN R.;GOTTESFELD, SHHIMSHON;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:011142/0196;SIGNING DATES FROM 20000814 TO 20000816
|Sep 28, 2005
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 24, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 24, 2005
|Surcharge for late payment
|May 18, 2006
Owner name: LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY, LLC, NEW MEXICO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE;REEL/FRAME:017906/0790
Effective date: 20060417
|Oct 19, 2009
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 12, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 4, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20100312


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 23, 1990
|Filing date
|Feb 24, 1989
|Priority date
|Feb 24, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert J. Gugelmeyer, Lawrence E. Geib
|Original Assignee
|Molex Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (29), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Many electrical components on vehicles include complex circuitry with microchips, transistors or other such intelligent control means. These complex electrical components include sound systems, alternators, ignition modules, climate control systems and instrument panels. The chips or transistors of these electrical components can readily be damaged by power surges that could occur when a vehicle is being jump started or when a battery is being charged or replaced. As a result, it is desirable to provide a means for disconnecting the electrical components having chips or transistors from the battery prior to any attempt at jump starting or prior to charging or changing the battery.
In view of this desire to protect certain electrical components from surges, some vehicles are now being manufactured with a single lead extending from the positive terminal of the battery to a splice. A plurality of separate leads will then extend from the splice. One such lead may extend to the starter. Another lead may extend to fairly simple electrical components, such as lighting groups. At least one other lead may extend to the complex components having chips or transistors therein. An appropriate disconnect means may then be incorporated into the lead extending from the battery to the components having chips or transistors. The vehicle owner and/or maintenance personnel are specifically advised to disconnect the lead to components having chips or transistors prior to jump starting or charging the battery.
Prior art connectors for high amperage applications, such as the leads extending from an automotive battery, are large and complex. The typical connector for such high amperage automotive applications includes opposed members that are bolted together. As a result, disconnection and reconnection of such connectors have been difficult. Automotive manufacturers have been concerned that the vehicle owner or maintenance personnel will merely ignore instructions to disconnect these leads prior to jump starting an engine, thereby creating a high probability of damage to the components having chips or transistors therein. The probability of a difficult disconnection being attempted is especially low in the uncontrolled environments in which most jump starting operations are required. Even if disconnection is completed, an improper reconnection would be likely for the prior art high amperage connectors employed in uncontrolled environments. The difficulty of making these complex connections and reconnections for battery lines can be particularly difficult in view of the extremely limited space in the engine compartment of vehicles. Blind connections in barely accessible locations would be common.
Many of the electrical components of a vehicle that may not necessarily incorporate chips or transistors draw extremely high current loads. One example is a defroster which may include heating elements that draw high current loads. The defroster or other such component may periodically require repair or replacement. The first step in any such repair or replacement typically is the disconnection of the high current connection to the alternator. However, as noted above, high current connectors for vehicular applications typically are large, complex and difficult to disconnect in the very limited space available in the engine compartment of a vehicle.
The prior art includes many electrical connectors that are easy to mate and unmate. However, most of these easily mateable and unmateable connectors are not well suited for the demanding high vibration automotive environment. Many others are specifically designed for small fragile terminals that would be immediately and permanently damaged if exposed to high amperage.
Some prior art connectors intended for quick connection and disconnection include opposed mateable housings having bayonet-type connections. The typical bayonet-type connection comprises a pair of generally cylindrical telescoping metallic housing members. One housing member will be provided with at least one cam while the opposed housing member will have a corresponding groove into which the cam is receivable. The connection of the two housings typically will require some combination of both axial and rotational movement dictated by the particular configuration of the groove.
Many of the prior art bayonet-type connectors comprise terminals that are movable relative to the housing to ensure that the terminals move only in an axial direction despite a rotational movement of the housing. Prior art bayonet-type connector housings may also include complex spring means for biasing the terminals into a selected axial orientation relative to the housing. Examples of prior art electrical connectors having bayonet-type connections include U.S. Pat. No. 4,645,281 which issued to Burger on Feb. 24, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,119 which issued to Stieler on Apr. 12, 1988; U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,374 which issued to Marmillion et al on Nov. 30, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,288 which issued to Ramsay et al on Mar. 27, 1979; U S. Pat. No. 4,464,001 which issued to Collins on Aug. 7, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,256 which issued to Gallusser et al on Nov. 16, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 3,425,026 which issued to Theunissen on Jan. 28, 1969; U.S. Pat. No. 3,351,886 which issued to Zimmerman on Nov. 7, 1967; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,252,124 which issued to Hansen on May 17, 1966. None of these references is directed to connectors that could be used with an automotive battery.
In view of the above, it is an object of the subject invention to provide an easily mateable and unmateable electrical connector for high amperage automotive applications.
It is another object of the subject invention to provide a quick disconnect electrical connector for automotive batteries.
An additional object of the subject invention is to provide an automotive battery connector including a bayonet-type connector housing.
A further object of the subject invention is to provide a quick disconnect battery with terminals having large cross-sectional areas, low mating forces and large contact areas.
Yet another object of the subject invention is to provide a quick disconnect battery connector having a nonconductive housing securely positioned relative to the terminal.
Still a further object of the subject invention is to provide an automotive battery connector that can readily be disconnected with one hand.
The subject invention is directed to an electrical connector for automotive batteries that enables a lead from the battery to be easily connected or disconnected by hand without special tools. The connector comprises mateable pin and socket terminals each of which has a mating end and an opposed wire mounting end. The mating ends of the terminals are each split longitudinally to define two deflectable longitudinal contacts. Thus, the longitudinal contacts of the pin terminal will deflect inwardly upon mating while the longitudinal contacts of the socket terminal will deflect outwardly upon mating. As will be explained further below, the mating of the terminals will cause the respective terminals to move both axially and rotationally relative to one another. Thus, the contacting surfaces of the terminals will wipe in plural directions during mating. In the fully mated condition, the terminals will provide a large cross-sectional area of contact between the terminals to achieve an efficient current path.
The mating ends of the terminals may be mechanically crimped onto the battery wires. Additionally, the mating ends of the terminals may be soldered to the battery wires. This redundant crimping/soldering connection of the terminals to the wires ensures a high quality connection that readily accommodates the high amperage. The terminals are securely mounted in mateable nonconductive housings.
The housings preferably are generally cylindrical in configuration and are dimensioned for telescoping engagement with one another. The housings preferably are formed to comprise a bayonet-type interengagement means. In particular, the mating end of one housing may comprise at least one generally helically extending cam groove formed therein or cam slot extending therethrough, while the opposed housing may comprise a corresponding cam follower. For example, the outer telescoping member may comprise a pair of opposed cam grooves which begin at the mating end of the housing. The entrance to the cam grooves at the mating end of the housing may be enlarged to facilitate initial alignment of the cam followers with the cam groove. The cam groove may lead into a cam slot at locations spaced from the mating end. The provision of a cam groove at the mating end rather than an opened slot prevents outward bowing or damage to the housing by initial misalignment during mating. The cam slots may terminate at a locking detent dimensioned to require a slight forcing of the cam follower. Portions of the cam slot past the locking detent may extend circumferentially rather than helically to prevent unintended disconnection in response to axial forces.
The cam followers will be dimensioned to freely move along the cam slot, such that the two connector housings can be mated with one another with a combined axial and rotational movement of the housings. The cam followers will require slight forcing at the locking detents at the end of each respective cam groove/slot. The movement of the cam follower past the dimensionally restricted locking detent will provide both an audible and a tactile indication that the housings and the corresponding terminals are fully mated.
The above described helical alignment of the cam groove or slot can provide a significant mechanical advantage during both mating and unmating. In particular, the connectors of the subject invention enable substantially easier mating than prior art battery connectors that included complex arrangements of bolts and nuts or that merely required excessively high mating forces in view of large contact areas. Additionally, the helical movement inherent in mating the subject connector housings helps to avoid the scraped knuckles and other minor injuries that would be likely to occur in connectors relying exclusively on axial movement. The mechanical advantage can further be facilitated by providing assist levers on the respective housings. The assist levers may be unitarily molded with the housings and may be disposed to extend from opposite sides of each housing generally adjacent the rear ends thereof. Assist levers may be particularly helpful in that they ensure a firm grip despite the accumulation of soil or grease in the engine compartment of a vehicle.
One hand mating or unmating can readily be achieved by mounting one of the connectors securely to a panel. For example, one of the connector housings may be unitarily molded with a mounting block having means for secure mounting to a panel within the engine compartment of a vehicle. The mounting of one connector housing to the vehicle will prevent both translation and rotation of that component. Thus it is only necessary to axially and helically advance the other connector half relative to the fixedly mounted connector half to achieve efficient mating.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the connectors of the subject invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the terminals that are mounted in the connectors of the subject invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the connectors in their fully mated condition.
The pair of quick disconnect battery cable connectors are identified generally by the numeral 10 in FIG. 1. The pair of connectors 10 comprise a plug connector 12 and a socket connector 14.
The plug connector 12 comprises a unitarily molded housing 16 of generally cylindrical configuration which defines an external diameter "a" of approximately 0.70 inch. The housing 16 of the plug connector 12 comprises a forward mating end 18 and a rear end 20. A #4 AWG wire 22 extends into the rear end 20 of the plug connector 12 and is securely mechanically and electrically connected to a terminal in the plug connector 12 as shown and described in greater detail below. A pair of cam followers 24 extend in generally diametrically opposed directions outwardly from the housing 16 of the plug connector 12, and are unitarily molded with the housing 16. The cam followers 24 may be of generally cylindrical configuration or may be tapered to be of generally frustoconical configuration. The cam followers 24 are spaced slightly rearwardly from the extreme front mating end 18 of the housing 16. An elastomeric seal 26 may be disposed in an annular groove intermediate the cam followers 24 and the front end 18 of the housing 16. The housing 16 may further comprise unitarily molded assist levers 28 and 30 extending from opposite sides thereof generally adjacent the rear end 20 of the housing 16. As will be explained further below, the assist levers 28 and 30 may assist in the rotational movement of the plug connector 12 during mating of the plug connector 12 with the socket connector 14.
The socket connector 14 also comprises a generally cylindrical unitarily molded plastic housing 32. The housing 32 defines an external diameter "b" of approximately 0.90 inch and an internal diameter "c" which is slightly greater than the external diameter "a" of the housing 16 on the plug connector 12. Thus, the internal diameter "c" of the socket connector 14 enables the generally cylindrical plug connector 12 to be slideably or telescopingly inserted therein.
The housing 32 of the socket connector 14 defines a front mating end 34 and a rear end 36. A #4 AWG wire 38 extends into the rear end 36 and is mechanically and electrically connected to a terminal mounted in the housing 32 as explained and illustrated further below. It is understood that other size wires can be used with the invention described herein.
The forward mating end 34 of the housing 32 is characterized by a pair of generally helical cam slots on diametrically opposite sides of the housing 32. Each cam slot 40 is dimensioned to slideably receive a cam follower on the housing 16 of the plug connector 12. Each cam slot 40 includes a grooved bridge 42 at the mating end 34 of the housing 32 which is dimensioned to permit relatively easy initial alignment and entry of the cam followers 24. The grooved bridges 42 ensure that the mating end 34 of the housing 32 retains its cylindrical configuration, and is not damaged or broken by misalignment during initial stages of mating. The cam slots 40 terminate at locking detents 44 which define widths slightly less than the widths of the cam followers 24. The movement of the cam followers 24 past the locking detents 44 will require relative rotational movement between the plug connector 12 and the socket connector 14 without corresponding axial movement. As a result, high axial pulling forces can be exerted on the respective connectors without unmating. Rather, the unmating will require a combination of rotational and axial pulling forces to be exerted. This construction substantially prevents unintended unmating of the connectors 12 and 14. The reduced dimension of each locking detent 44 provides both an audible and a tactile indication of the full mating condition. Thus, as full mating is achieved, the movement of the cam followers 24 into the corresponding locking detents 44 will be felt and/or heard by the technician completing the mating.
The housing 32 of the socket connector 14 further comprises assist levers 46 and 48 unitarily molded therewith and extending outwardly in diametrically opposite directions. The assist levers 46 and 48 are located generally near the rear end 36 of the housing 32 and provide a further mechanical advantage as had been explained with respect to the assist levers 28 and 30 on the housing 16 of the plug connector 12. To further facilitate mating, the housing 32 of the socket connector 14 may be integrally molded or otherwise securely connected to a mounting block 50 having mounting pegs 52 and 54 (and preferably an additional mounting peg which is not shown) which can be securely mounted to a panel within the engine compartment. The mounting block 50 will prevent rotation and other movement of the socket connector 14, thereby enabling the plug connector 12 to be axially and rotationally moved relative to the socket connector 14 to complete the mating or unmating. In this manner one handed mating or unmating can be achieved by the technician working with the pair of connectors 10.
The terminals of the pair of connectors 10 . are illustrated in FIG. 2. In particular, a pin terminal 56 is terminated to the #4 AWG wire 22 and is subsequently secured into the housing 16 of the plug connector 12 as explained herein. The socket terminal 58 is terminated o to the #4 AWG wire 38 and is secured in the socket connector 14. The pin and socket terminals 56 and 58 are crimped to the respective wires 22 and 38. The crimped connections may have solder applied thereon. The combination of crimping and soldering provides additional mechanical and electrical connection that may be desirable in the high amperage automotive battery application and in the high vibration environment of an automotive engine.
The terminals 56 and 58 both are of split tube design and are formed from a 0.062 inch thick copper alloy #195 tin coated. More particularly, the pin terminal 56 is stamped and formed to define a mating end 60 having a longitudinally extending slit 62 which separates opposed deflectable longitudinal contacts 64 and 66. The socket terminal 56 similarly is stamped and formed to define a mating end 68 having a longitudinal slit 70 which separates opposed independently deflectable longitudinal contacts 72 and 74. During mating, the longitudinal contacts 64 and 66 of the pin terminal 56 will deflect inwardly in response to contact with the socket terminal 58. Similarly, the opposed longitudinal contacts 72 and 74 of the socket terminal 58 will deflect outwardly in response to the mating forces of the pin terminal 56. This split tube design with both terminals deflecting ensures low and consistent mating forces and allows for multiple mating cycles. Additionally, the split tube design ensures plural points of contact. As noted above, the mating of the connectors requires both axial and rotational movement. Thus, the large contact surfaces of the terminals 56 and 58 will undergo plural directional wiping during mating to further ensure a high quality mate with plural points of contact.
It will be noted that the crimping of the terminals 56 and 58 onto the wires 22 and 38 defines flats 57 and 59, respectively. The flats 57 and 59 will help to position and retain the terminals 56 and 58 in the respective housings 16 and 32, as explained herein.
The connectors 12 and 14 are shown in their fully assembled and mated condition in FIG. 3. The connectors 12 and 14 are assembled by inserting the terminated leads (comprising terminals 56 and 58 which have been crimped onto wires 22 and 38, respectively) into terminal receiving recesses formed within housings 16 and 32. The terminals 56 and 58 are retained within their respective terminal receiving recesses by known cooperating interengaging means.
The connectors 12 and 14 may also be completed by insert molding processes wherein the terminals 56 and 58 and adjacent portions of the wires 22 and 38 are placed in molds, and the plastic material of the housings 16 and 32 are injection molded thereabout. This manufacturing process has several significant advantages. First, the carefully manufactured mold serves as final checks on the precision of the stamped and formed terminals 56 and 58. An improperly manufactured terminal 56 or 58 will not be receivable into the mold. Second, the insert molding ensures accurate positioning and retention of the terminals 56 and 58 within the molded housings 16 and 32. The molding of the plastic material of the housings 16 and 32 about the terminals 56 and 58 securely engages the flats 57 and 59 thereon to eliminate potential terminal/housing retention problems. Additionally the insert molding seals the housings 16, 32 to the wire 22, 38 and adds to the strain relief for the connectors 12 and 14, respectively. Furthermore, the insert molding provides exceptional assurance of alignment between the mating ends of the terminals 56 and 58.
As shown in FIG. 3, the mating ends of the respective terminals 56 and 58 are spaced rearwardly from the mating ends 18 and 34 of the respective housings 16 and 32. As a result the housings 16 and 32 protect the terminals prior to mating and positively prevent shorts. Additionally, the relative recessed position of the terminals 56 and 58 in the housings 16 and 32 enable the mating ends 18 and 34 of the housings 16 and 32 to assure positive alignment of the terminals 56 and 58 prior to and during mating.
In the fully mated condition, as shown in FIG. 3, there is significant overlap between the mating ends 60 and 68 of the terminals 56 and 58 respectively to assure large contact surface areas. The large surface area combined with the inward deflection of the contacts 64 and 66 on the pin terminal 56 and the outward deflection of the contacts 72 and 74 on the socket terminal 58 ensures a high quality electrical connection with an excellent current path.
In summary, a pair of mateable connectors are provided for quickly connecting and/or disconnecting high amperage leads from an automotive battery. The connectors comprise mateable terminals which are assembled into a corresponding pair of mateable connector housings. The terminals are crimped to the wires prior to the assembly process. The pair of terminals comprise mateable pin and socket terminals each of which preferably are of split tube design such that the mating end of the pin terminal deflects inwardly and the mating end of the socket terminal deflects outwardly during mating. The housings are of generally cylindrical configuration and comprise a cam slot and a mateable cam follower. The cam slot extends generally helically and terminates at a locking detent which prevents accidental unmating and provides clear audible and/or tactile assurance that the fully mated condition has been reached. The axial and rotational movement of the connectors required for mating achieves plural directional wiping with large contact surfaces and high normal contact forces. The housings of the connectors may be provided with assist levers extending diametrically therefrom to assist with the axial and rotational movement of the connectors required for mating and unmating. One of the connectors may be securely mountable to a panel to enable one handed mating or unmating.
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it is apparent that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Livingston Edmund M
|Connecter for electric cables
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|Feb 14, 2006
|Jul 25, 2006
|Lowel-Light Manufacturing Inc.
|Push and twist electrical connector assembly
|Mar 30, 2006
|Dec 26, 2006
|Lowel-Light Manufacturing Inc.
|Push and twist electrical connector assembly
|Dec 18, 2007
|Jan 20, 2009
|Pottorff Lawrence P
|Charger connector apparatus
|Jun 14, 2010
|Aug 28, 2012
|Tyco Electronics Corporation
|Connector with a laterally moving contact
|May 8, 2012
|Dec 17, 2013
|Otter Products, Llc
|Connection mechanism
|Oct 12, 2009
|Apr 8, 2014
|Molex Incorporated
|Probe connector
|Nov 12, 2013
|Jun 23, 2015
|Otter Products, Llc
|Connection mechanism
|Dec 24, 2012
|Jan 5, 2016
|Treefrog Developments, Inc.
|Accessories for use with housing for an electronic device
|Feb 26, 2015
|Apr 19, 2016
|Treefrog Developments, Inc.
|Accessories for use with housing for an electronic device
|Feb 6, 2015
|Jul 5, 2016
|Cooper Technologies Company
|Indicating handles for electrical connectors
|May 18, 2015
|Sep 6, 2016
|Otter Products, Llc
|Connection mechanism
|Apr 10, 2003
|Oct 14, 2004
|Dennis Robert P.
|Selectively deployable cupholder
|Jan 28, 2005
|Aug 3, 2006
|Sinbon Electronics Company Ltd.
|Power connector
|Oct 2, 2009
|May 6, 2010
|Easily-gripped coaxial connector element
|Jun 14, 2010
|Dec 15, 2011
|Tyco Electronics Corporation
|Connector with a laterally moving contact
|Nov 12, 2013
|Mar 20, 2014
|Otter Products, Llc
|Connection mechanism
|Jul 13, 2000
|Jan 25, 2001
|Splicerite Connectors, L.L.C.
|High voltage electrical splice connector
|Nov 2, 2006
|May 18, 2007
|Jay Victor
|Leveraged electronic plug
|Oct 12, 2009
|Apr 15, 2010
|Molex Incorporated
|Probe connector
|Oct 12, 2009
|Jun 3, 2010
|Molex Incorporated
|Probe connector
|Jan 18, 2012
|Jul 26, 2012
|Aerovironment, Inc.
|Electric vehicle docking connector with embedded evse controller
|Jan 18, 2012
|Sep 27, 2012
|Aerovironment, Inc.
|Electric vehicle docking connector with embedded evse controller
|U.S. Classification
|439/311, 439/387, 439/335, 439/851
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 24, 1989
Owner name: MOLEX INCORPORATED, ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:GUGELMEYER, ROBERT J.;GEIB, LAWRENCE E.;REEL/FRAME:005049/0441
Effective date: 19890224
|Jun 22, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 26, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 14, 2001
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 23, 2002
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 26, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20020123


text:
The '80s and '90s Sit-Com Themes Test
Tests others are taking
The Another Music Lyric Test Test
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The LONG Scientific Personality Test
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The how fuckable are you? Test
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The Are you Dominant or submissive Test
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satellite0x127 / f / Bisexual
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Illinois Public Media
All articles tagged Democratic Republic Of Congo
Current Developments in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Continued Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: War Without End?
Democratic Republic Of Congo: Recent Elections And Prospects For Stability
Page 1 of 1 pages
WILL Highlights
Vintage Vinyl is back!
Huge sale of used vinyl records, DVDs, CDs, and other musical ephemera to benefit Illinois Radio Reader returns on Oct. 1.
The Bandwagon
Not your typical sports podcast. Forget the "hot takes" and meet us at the intersection of sports and culture every two weeks.
Classic Mornings
Get more out of your classical music experience and check out Vic Di Geronimo's blog.


text:
Important delivery notice
The products on this site are only delivered to UK addresses. If you require delivery to another country please visit one of our other sites below.
Sow half-hardy annuals in early spring, making sure that you protect them from frost. Plant them out after all risk of frost has passed and you'll be rewarded with delightful flowers all throughout the summer. Hint: use the selections in the left menu to narrow down your search for the perfect half-hardy annual seeds for your garden. For direct sowing take a look at our stunning range of hardy annual seeds.
Osteospermum 'African Sun'
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Bushy, free-flowering plants, like a radiant sun with eye-catching golden yellow and vibrant orange bicoloured blooms. Stunning n containers as well as hot, dry borders, attracting bees and butterflies. Height: 30-45cm (12-18 inches).More info
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Salvia 'White Surprise'
Zinnia x hybrida 'Profusion Mixed'The best bedding Zinnia! Outstanding garden performance, and flowering ability that really lives up to its name. Robust and compact, with strong basal branching and a self cleaning growth habit, for continuous colour. A mixture of three bright colours. Excellent in bedding, borders and containers. Height: 30-38cm (12-15in). More info


text:
Eyes a trifle, actually a better one than stay here. Inexorable way with most of them is a painful silence. Out from the heart-root, that you may forgive his man. A mist of tears came to him. Consumes its cell, which was used to that fence.
Heart a weight at the time set. Could not lift her from responding to changed conditions of to-day nor. La rvolte et d'immondice, dont les gisements du monde si je russis le suivre. Of that populous commonwealth of pilgrims came here in my ear, with the church. Smilingly called arjuna and vasudeva.
Several hours of the captains and influential number who met it before. An ort und stelle zu bringen. Durchlaucht, ich habe vorigen sommer gewesen waren. Make the payment of a western one. Avant que celui-ci tait galement chauff dans toute sa confiance. Only get answers dictated by policy and wit.
Of "assembling," which consists in adding cubits unto his tall figure. Into your head to odin's will. Die weide hinauf, solange wir leben.


text:
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text:
[DJ Quik]
Why you keep givin me cards I can't keep?
I throw these two back, you throw me two more, they're so cheap
I couldn't get the winning hand that I wanted in my sleep
Cause when the dream get good, I get trampled by sheep
Nightmares, even when I'm walkin in day
I'm havin dreams that I'm runnin but there's smoke in the way
And there's this man in a suit, he take a toke and he say
"You have a promise that you made and you broke it today."
Now which part of this movie here did I just miss?
Did I really sell my soul to this big red bitch?
I don't think what you got to offer is really enough
For cars sex and houses, money and stuff
I'd rather be broke and own nothin but piece of mind
And a Benz, and a house, and a nine-deuce-nine
Oh Top, help me out before I sink the boat
There's gotta be more than 50 ways to keep afloat
Cause I feel like I'm suffocatin, I can't breathe
I wanna go, but I'm too afraid to leave
Take me with you Mausie, I know you're seein somethin grand
As you fade away, and you gently release my hand
And it shook my balance, cause you ain't no more alive
You think I'd see you, if I drink this 45?
Oh I'd be the first person poppin three, droppin me
To the abyss, but I miss, what's stoppin me?
I got the pressures of the WORLD on my little back
My nerves are turnin into jelly and I'm bout to crack
You think I'm cheatin on my homies, by holdin back?
No I really protect them all because the truth is wack
Forever bars and forever scars
Bein trapped and dyin young makes forever stars
Tell me why am I so hesitant?
And the way life's goin, looks like when hell comes, I'mma be a resident
[Hook 2X: Wanya Morris]
La, la la-la - la, la la-la
La, la la-la - la, la la-la


text:
Banks, retailers and restaurants should be on fire, but instead they're burning down.
The struggling tech company is trying to pivot to software and services under CEO John Chen, but its success is far from guaranteed.
Apple (AAPL) stock was advancing Wednesday afternoon after two firms issued bullish notes about iPhone sales.
Nike executives didn't want to say it, but competition on basketball sneakers and its other products has grown hot while the stock is getting cooler.


text:
Tonight the Philadelphia Eagles will play their second preseason game against the New England Patriots, but they'll be without the guys who are expected to be their number one and two wide receivers this year.
Riley Cooper is still recuperating from a foot injury that has seen him in a walking boot in recent weeks. According to Martin Frank of the Delaware News Journal he plans to be back at practice on Sunday and play next week against the Steelers, but will be held out of tonight's game:
Riley Cooper said he hopes to practice fully beginning Sun, play in 3rd preseason game. #Eagles
— Martin Frank (@Mfranknfl) August 14, 2014
Meanwhile, Jeremy Maclin suffered a hamstring injury at practice on Wednesday. He was held out of practice yesterday and is not expected to play:
Breaking: Jeremy Maclin sneezes, breaks clavicle…. #EaglesTalk
— Joe (@jcorrado19) August 13, 2014
There's a growing chorus of Eagles fans who are concerned about Maclin's injury woes in light of his having to sit out the entire 2013 season with a torn ACL, but I don't think there's much to it. Prior to last year's ACL tear, Maclin had only missed a total of five regular season games for the Eagles since coming into the league in 2009.
With Cooper and Maclin out it's likely that we will get to see more of rookies Josh Huff and Jordan Matthews, as well as second year tight end Zach Ertz, who has been drawing rave reviews for his practice play lately.
[fanmob id="5d7eb191-fe60-4456-ba72-01c797521181″]


text: Simply adorable little hotel ON THE BEACH! A little piece of paradise if you like relaxing by the surf, sea and sand! Hotel is charmingly decorated and spotlessly clean, an amazing getaway from the hustle and bustle of life! Great service, Good restaurants close by, horseback riding at sunset, boogie boards and cold cervezas, plus bonus of pool and wifi... More


text:
News Feature
The Specter of Voter Fraud
Despite low numbers of New Mexicans registering to vote, the secretary of state's attention is elsewhere
By Margaret Wright
Despite low numbers of New Mexicans registering to vote, the secretary of state's attention is elsewhere.
Eric Williams ericwphoto.com
First Responders
Study says AFD needs more staff and more gear to answer calls quickly
By Carolyn Carlson
Two studies came out last month. One looks at ways to save the city money, the other posits things are spread to thin at the Albuquerque Fire Department.
Ortiz y Pino
The Right is Lying About Obamacare
By Jerry Ortiz y Pino
One of the most puzzling aspects of the election for Jerry Ortiz y Pino is the way Republican candidates and conservative super PACs are deliberately painting our Affordable Care Act as a boogeyman.
Election 2012
Get Registered
By Margaret Wright
The last day to register to vote in the 2012 general election is Tuesday, Oct. 9.
Council Watch
Coming Out, Touching Down
By Carolyn Carlson
Citizens show up to Council chambers to talk National Coming Out Day. Councilor Michael Cook wants to make it easier for balloons to land around the city.
Related Stories
Odds & Ends
By Devin D. O'Leary
Funny because it happens to someone else.
Related Stories
The readers write.
EVENT HORIZON (Saturday, Oct 1)
Got Minerals?
Fall Gem, Mineral and Jewelry Show
By Megan Reneau
Browse gemstones, mineral specimens, rough rock, slabs, jewelry, beads, cabochons, fossils, tools and equipment.
EVENT HORIZON (Saturday, Oct 1)
Grecian Festival
By Desiree Garcia
Taste authentic Greek cuisine, watch dancers streaming by in colorful costumes, enjoy browsing imported jewelry, gifts, foods and pastries, and tour the St. George Church.
EVENT HORIZON (Saturday, Oct 1)
Latte Birthday Wishes
The Brew's Birthday Bash
By Renée Chavez
Enjoy the signature brews, live music, live art demonstrations, games and a special beer release while raising money for the charity There's A Better Way to help local homeless families.
EVENT HORIZON (Wednesday, Oct 5)
Night at the Museum
Outside of the Box
By Renée Chavez
Live music and dancing, cash bar and food trucks with snacks for purchase, local vendors, talk by pilot of the beautiful fractals hot air balloon and much more.
EVENT HORIZON (Sunday, Oct 9)
Doggo Does the Parade
2nd Annual Dia de los Perros
By Maggie Grimason
Enjoy a pet costume and trick contest, kissing booth photos and raffle and food from Phat's Beats and Eats, With Love Waffles and Hot Stuff Cafe. Proceeds go to support locally rescued bully breeds.
EVENT HORIZON (Monday, Oct 10)
Heritage, Past and Present
Indigenous Peoples' Day Celebration
By Monica Schmitt
students of the Native American Community Academy express what it means to be Indigenous in their eyes through story, song and dance.
NEWSLETTERS Great Alibi stories, events and deals delivered to your inbox each week. No fooling!
Today's Events
The Brew's Birthday Bash at The Brew
Enjoy the signature brews, live music, live art demonstrations, games and a special beer release while raising money for the charity There's A Better Way to help local homeless families.
Yoga en Español at South Broadway Cultural Center
Moonlight Market at Moonlight MarketMore Recommended Events ››
Mishka Shubaly • 10.4.2016
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Kewadin Jobs
Looking for jobs in Kewadin? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Kewadin jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
Kewadin, MI Job Openings
CRST ExpeditedKewadin and Surrounding Areas
Kewadin, MI
Cities within 20 miles of Kewadin, MI
- Traverse City, MI (49 jobs)
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- Elk Rapids, MI (7 jobs)
- Rapid City, MI (5 jobs)
- Mancelona, MI (5 jobs)
- Acme, MI (5 jobs)
- East Jordan, MI (3 jobs)
- BOYNE CITY, MI (2 jobs)
- Leland, MI (1 jobs)
- Old Mission, MI (1 jobs)


text:
A charming, historic boutique hotel in the heart of beautiful downtown Wheeler, Oregon (population 350). Lovingly restored, the Old Wheeler Hotel offers stunning views of Nehalem Bay. Come relax in this tranquil setting. You can snuggle up and be pampered in one of our beautifully appointed rooms with sumptuous bed linens, thick towels, and antique furniture. Gaze out at blue herons, eagles, and herds of elk that routinely inhabit the landscape. Spend a day fishing or kayaking on the bay. Rent a motor boat from the marina across the street and cruise up the river to the town of Nehalem, or down the river to the Pacific ocean! Browse Wheeler's unique antique stores, art galleries, and gift shops. Excellent restaurants and shopping are just steps away from our front door!
4.6 on September 24, 2016
Our stay was perfect. The old hotel is a must on anyone's list who travel. The surrounding towns are enjoyable. A great place to relax and take in the coast. The host was outstanding and I would stay here again. The antique shops below and coffeehouse are a nice venue also.
4.6 on September 16, 2016
4.6 on September 14, 2016
Kate Neal and Rob St. Helen are the best! They go above and beyond, accommodating and friendly, not to mention hilarious! They remember every guests name and make everyone feel as if you are the only one there they care about. Highly recommend this beautiful place!
5 on August 29, 2016
Clean and comfortable. Friendly staff is always very helpful. The kitchen area is nice to relax and enjoy the peaceful view. It has a fridge available for the guests to use. We love shopping in the area. Antiques, coffee shop, gift shop... and the Rising Star Café is to die for! Wheeler Marina just across the street is a great place to rent boats, crabbing supplies and kayaks. Sound proof windows do the trick!
4.2 on August 26, 2016
3.2 on August 25, 2016
Stayed in Room #5. Such a nice place great old charm would stay again for sure. If your a lite sleeper the rooms are very close with thin walls and our room had a door in the bath which adjoined the other room but was locked of course. I had no noise issues because I'm sure the quality of guest are respectful and non noisy. Great staff, Super nice. Was wishing for home bake goods in the morning but just pre-packed. Coffee was great Kate was the best.
5 on August 23, 2016
We booked one night. Then we called in sick and stayed another. Great staff. Nice atmosphere. It was nice meeting the other guests in the breakfast room over coffee, fresh fruit, and an English muffin or bagel.
4.6 on August 14, 2016
We loved the friendly staff and the unique rooms. Breakfast and evening tea in the upstairs tea room was very nice.
5 on August 01, 2016
wonderful rooms with a great view and the staff is excellent
5 on July 22, 2016
clean rooms great staff very friendly atmosphere. Can't wait to return.
Coming Soon!
Overlooking Nehalem Bay, Boating & Kayaking, Near Ocean, Historic Small Town, Mountains, Small town, Village, Waterview
Portland, OR (PDX) 90 miles
Wheeler is on US Highway 101 in Oregon about half way between Tillamook and Seaside. It is 15 miles south of Cannon Beach or 5 miles north of Rockaway Beach. The Old Wheeler Hotel is located at 495 Highway 101, Wheeler, OR 97147. From Portland: Drive west on Hwy 26 (the Sunset Hwy) about 70 miles to Hwy 101, then south (left) 22 miles to Wheeler.
Antique Shopping, Art Galleries, Beach, Gourmet/Fine Dining, Historical interests, Live Music, Museum, National/State parks, Nature area, Ocean, Tillamook Air Museum, Tillamook Cheese Factory, Oregon Coast excursion train, Numerous historical sights, Boat and kayak rentals, Salmon fishing, Crabbing, Beach walks, Hiking, Picnic area, River, Winery
Other, Bed and Breakfast, Historic Inn, Boutique Hotel
Board games, Computer, Library, Movie library, Parking, Piano, Private entrance, Telephone, Videos, Wedding Facilities , Triple-pane sound-proof windows, Charming antique furniture, Gilchrist & Soames soaps and shampoos, Boat and kayak rentals nearby, Flat screen televisions with DVD players, Free WiFi and DVD library
Air conditioning, Alarm clock, Amenities Basket, Bath robes, Ceiling fans, DVD Player, Desk, Fireplace, Hairdryer, Hot tub/whirlpool tub, Internet Service, Ironing Board, Radio, Satellite/Cable TV, TV, Wi-Fi, Wired internet
Bicycle rental, Bicycle riding trails, Bicycles, Bird watching, Boating, Canoeing, Fishing, Golfing, Hiking trails, Horseback riding, Hunting, Kayaking, Antiquing, Surfing, Wildlife viewing, Massage, Relaxing, Shopping, Sight-seeing, Swimming, Swimming pool, Water sports
Rudimentary Spanish, English
Continental Plus


text:
You made some great points except I'll have to make some points of my own. ABSOLUTE DOLLARS is MORE important than perceived rate of return. "Rate of return" is just a tool. At the end of the day, what you really care about is ABSOLUTE DOLLARS.
Secondly, this time period also spanned the two biggest BUSTS ever -- the tech BUST and the real estate BUST. When you make an argument, you have to present BOTH sides of the argument.
Sorry, I am a realtor, but I'm also a high-tech person just like you, so I also am very aware of logic in my arguments. Of course, by now, you are never going to use me to buy or sell your house because I am presenting a different side of the argument from you. Most people prefer to use people who always agree with them :-)
You are right it does skew things if you only use the MLS for comps, but most agents know how to get the real info if they are running comps. If they do not know how to get it they should not be running comps. Appraisers have ways of getting to the truth also. It is just harder for consumers to get the true facts and even harder for some realtors and some associations to get past their fear of consumers having the ability to get accurate information instead of getting all their information directly from realtors.
Marcy Moyer
MLS Realtors post the actual sales dollar on the executed sales agreement and the cost buyer paid at closing
Lynn911 Dallas Realtor & Consultant, Loan Officer, Credit Repair Advisor
The Michael Group - Dallas Business Journal Top Ranked Realtors
Regardless of what motivates sellers or agents to hide the final sale price, what's most interesting to me is the way this all biases the stats and distorts comp analysis. For example the last list price for 325 Channing #215 was $1.4M, so as I understand it this price would be used by an agent doing a comp. analysis on similar properties, particularly those in the same complex. As for motive, you can see why everyone would want the sale price hidden: the unit was purchased for$1.360M in 2004, and if something sold SEVEN years later at a LOSS, clearly that would dampen people's enthusiasm for that complex (where the seller's friends still live and the agent would like to make more sales) and the market in general. Actually, come to think of it, given the 6% commission of $84K, there's no was the unit didn't sell for a loss. Pretty amazing since 2004 marked the end of the tech bubble bust and the start of the real estate bubble.
Marcy Moyer
If you think that owning your own home is not a good investment, you can always opt for renting (in which case you will be buying a home .... for someone else.) Take your chances in the stock market....so far it's been a great bet for some folks. This year may be a good time to "bet" on real estate....if it's a game you want. For most people, it's a home: shelter in a neighborhood and community they want to be a part of and to which they want to contribute.
Does MLS show the final sales price for these properties, John?
C'mon, Aileen, you should know better. Even my grand daughter knows about inflation.
Pat, yes I'd say part of the appreciation was a remodel -- the interior is not 20 years old for sure.
The MLS usually lists both the list price and sales price. The list price isn't used for comps, as it isn't always even close to the sales price, particularly with properties which are priced low to encourage competition.
In this case the sales price was withheld from the MLS at the request of the purchaser, so real estate companies like Redfin don't have the information on a direct feed. The property was listed at $5.2mm and then reduced to $4.295mm. County records shows a sales price of $3,930mm.
As for the low increase in value, the previous sale was at $1,450mm in 1991. That seems like a fairly substantial increase to me!