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Keep Australia Beautiful
has just awarded a Heritage and Culture certificate of excellence to:
Le Weekend Team
Le Weekend at Cygnet – Celebrating Cygnet's French history
Showcasing local artisans & craftsmen
This event brought to you by the Port Cygnet Men's Shed focuses on promoting local artisans and craftsmen, working with wood or timber as their medium.
Come along to the public expo showcasing these incredible displays with an opportunity to purchase beautifully handcrafted timber products.
If you would like to host a stall at the Expo, or for more information, please email firstname.lastname@example.com or phone 0417 931 683.
Come strengthen your core
Cygnet CWA, in conjunction with the Huon Valley Council, has been focussing on women's health issues. As part of the series on preventing falls, we will be looking at ways to strengthen our core.
Physio, Alison Viner, will be working with us on Thursday September 1. Come along to Bridge Cottage in Burton's Reserve, Cygnet, and join us at 12.15pm. There will be a light lunch provided and the event is free.
For catering purposes, please indicate your intention to attend by phoning 0408 082 255.
Maralyn Daniel
HUON VALLEY COUNCIL is seeking ratepayer feedback on a proposal to change the boundary of the Huon Municipality by including all of the Channel area south of Margate, including Bruny Island. Deadline for comments: 12th August.
This would be a very significant change and we suggest you have a look at their proposal.
Click here for: Boundary adjustment information
The Cygnet Association would also be interested in your views: firstname.lastname@example.com
Local resident David de Burgh has had a good look and the Felmingham Report that HVC is presenting as the economic rationale for pursuing this project. Here is his opinion:
The Huon Valley Council has put the Huon D'Entrecasteaux Boundary Adjustment out for public comment via an online survey. The survey is accompanied by the Felmingham Report 2015 which the Council commissioned to provide an economic analysis of the proposal. The Huon D'Entrecasteaux Boundary Adjustment involves merging that part of Kingborough south of and including Margate (MS in the report) with the Huon Valley Council and is termed M1. It was compared against Huon Valley remaining as it is and against M2, a merger of Huon Valley with all of Kingborough except for Taroona.
The report concluded that M1 was by far the the most viable option. The M1 option produced an annual operating surplus of $3.5 million compared with the current Council's surplus of $636,000, resulting, in a positive economic outcome for the area's residents. When I first read the recommendation I was intrigued as to how the merger could produce a six-fold increase in Council's operating surplus and so I decided to have a closer look at the Felmingham Report.
I discovered that the Felmingham Report contains a number of inconsistencies and questionable assumptions that in my opinion, invalidate its conclusion on the economic benefits of the M1 option. Chief among these is the assumption that a 65% increase in the Huon Valley Council's population would only cause its expenses to increase by 17%. It is this assumption that is largely responsible for the impressive surplus calculated for the enlarged Council area.
To calculate the likely financial surplus for M1, the Report starts with the Huon Valley Council financials for 2010/11 and creates a new income and expenditure statement for M1. To the Huon Valley actuals it adds estimates to accommodate the additional MS area and population as follows:
The end result of this is summarised in Table 1 (Columns 2 and 3 numbers are taken directly from the Felmingham report):
The Report explains that the factor of 1.17 was chosen because it was the average weighted increase in the population of the M1 area between 2006 and 2011. What that has to do with the anticipated costs of servicing an additional 10,000 residents is never addressed. The seemingly obvious answer is that the 17% figure has no relevance to this calculation.
Elsewhere in the report a completely different method is used to calculate the decrease in expenses if Kingborough Council divested itself of the Taroona area. Here the Report suggests that because Kingborough, with a population of 34,000 is losing 3100 people, its expenses will reduce by 9.12% (3100/34,000). No explanation is given as to why this method isn't applied to M1.
Table 2 shows the results If we do apply this same method to the M1 calculation.
Now the $3.5 million surplus has become a much more believable deficit of $1.4 million. This means M1 is the worst of the three options rather than the best. The best option is clearly M2 both on the total surplus and a per capita basis.
Other matters in the report that caused me concern included:
• The comparison table of financial statements uses the Surplus before "non cash assets identified" for the Huon Council but Surplus after "non cash assets identified" for the Kingborough Council. This gives a skewed view of the relative surplus of each Council.
• The 2010/11 financials are used for both Huon Valley and Kingborough when 2014/15 were available.
• Correctly, no increase factor is applied to the revenue of the three Huon Valley medical and child centres in the M1 calculation (as they won't be affected by the merger) but the 1.17 factor is applied to the expenses of the centres.
• When comparing the 3 options in the summary of findings, a surplus for M2 of $1,242,000 is used instead of the report's calculated figure of $2,965,000, understating the M2 surplus and per capita benefit by a factor of 2.4.
• The 10 year projections for the 3 options are calculated using the 1.17 factor. In this way M1 achieves a surplus of around $4.65 million in year 10 and an accumulated surplus over the 10 years of over $40 million. However if we use the starting point calculated in table 2 we end up instead with an accumulated deficit of $17 million. Straight line projections over such a long time period need to be treated with great care, especially if you have the wrong starting point.
After accepting the Felmingham report's conclusion on the viability of the Huon D'Entrecasteau Boundary Adjustment, the Huon Valley Council developed a Community Engagement Plan. A report tabled at the June 22 Council Meeting reveals that "Through much deliberation" it was decided that an online survey would be "the most efficient and effective in ensuring broad engagement".
The survey would "request a post code from respondents to clarify their location and understand where their interests lie". The engagement will also "provide the means to inform the community about the current resource sharing arrangements between the Council and others so they can make an informed judgement " .
The Plan was adopted by the Council, with only the Mayor and Cr Smith voting against it.
So what did the Community end up receiving to enable it to make an informed judgement?
Unfortunately not very much. Survey participants are invited to read the Felmingham Report but no other information concerning the proposal is provided. The promised information on resource sharing is not mentioned. The Felmingham Report is all you have to base your opinion on when you start the survey.
The greatest attribute of the survey is its brevity. There are only 2 questions. The first one is whether you would like the Council to continue investigating the proposal. You have a choice of Yes or No. The second question is your post code. There is then a box where you can make a comment.
No questions to find out whether you would like a full merger with Kingborough or no merger at all. No questions that would provide useful information such as whether the participants were ratepayers, whether they were long term residents or recent arrivals, whether they were business owners, or were satisfied with the service level they currently received etc? Definitely not a survey designed to learn very much. Also no illumination on how, by knowing your post code, the Council will "understand where your interests lie".
So the Huon Valley Community is provided with a survey of questionable value about a project of questionable viability. Many of us wouldn't need the help of an expensive academic report to tell us that adding Margate south including Bruny Island to Huon Valley Council would not create a financial utopia. Common sense would suffice for most Huon Valley residents.
It is disappointing that no one at the Council appears to have queried the figures in the report. Perhaps because the report told them what they wanted to hear they didn't look too closely. I suspect that if the report had recommended the full merger with Kingborough as the most viable option (which it appears to be) the report would have been quietly buried.
From my analysis the Felmingham report should never have been used as the basis for pursuing the Huon D'Entrecasteau Boundary Adjustment. That it has, is an embarrassing and costly action by those Councillors and staff pushing this merger option.
- David de Burgh is a retired accountant and company director who has lived in the Huon Valley for 14 years. He served as a Councillor at the City of Melville in Western Australia from 1997 to 2001.
- Dr Bruce Felmingham has been invited to respond.
Infrastructure upgrade
Pat Synge (13 July 2016)
The walking track alongside Lymington Road from Cygnet to the Sailing Club is much used and appreciated by many.
A short section has had drainage issues and some years ago the then Cygnet Township Development Committee asked HVC to do something about it. Now they have just started on an upgrade of this section. And what an upgrade!
As you can see they didn't just put in some drainage and re-surface they are building a complete new raised section. This must be costing (us) plenty and has been undertaken with no community consultation.
For quite some time TCA have been lobbying HVC to do something about the dangerous section of road between the Sailing Club and the Public Jetty where there is NO footpath at all and pedestrians have to walk either on the road or the sloping verge. Between two blind corners this is a dangerous section of road and much used by pedestrians. It's an accident waiting to happen.
Earlier this year we were told that there were "insufficient funds available" to build a footpath in this area but no one mentioned the tens of thousands of dollars that were about to be spent on the other section. So it goes.
I have contacted Simone Watson (HVC GM) for an explanation but have had no reply.
Update: 31st July 2016
I've not had any word back from Simone Watson but I understand that questions were asked about this at the recent HVC meeting (27/07/16) by a community member and that the GM responded that HVC had been notified that this was a dangerous section of footpath. When asked how much it was costing she seemingly doesn't know.
TCA – Social meeting
Date/time TBA – back room @ Top Pub
We invite all TCA members and all other Cygnet residents to join us for an informal get together. The aim of the association is simply "to make Cygnet a better place to live and visit" and we would be interested in hearing your ideas on how our association can help achieve this.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 24, 2009
|Filing date
|May 9, 2005
|Priority date
|May 10, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Andreia Cathelin, Didier Belot
|Original Assignee
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (6), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits used in data transmission, and more particularly a receiver for an integrated heterodyne communication system including BAW type resonators.
2. Description of the Related Art
The heterodyne architecture was developed in the beginning of the XXth century for the purpose of improving wireless communication. Such architecture is still used in the more recent mobile receivers: mobile telephones, so-called pagers, 433 Mhz receivers etc. . . .
The principle of the heterodyne architecture is shown in
Assuming that fOL<fRF, the following relation is true: fRF=fOL+fIF. The same reasoning could be followed for the case where fOL<fRF.
Because the receiving antenna is a relatively wide band tuned circuit, other undesired interfering signals are inserted in the input of the LNA circuit, and particularly at the image frequency fimage=fOL−fIF.
Generally speaking, it is necessary to remove this image frequency which might interfere with the receipt of the RF signal. Practically, three methods are known for achieving such suppression.
A first method is based on the use of a filter for suppressing the image frequency, as represented by element 13 of
A second known method consists in using, not a notch filter, but a narrow band filter for leaving only the useful signals. With this second method, which is certainly better than the first method, all the non-useful signals, including the signals at the image frequency, are rejected. In practice, this method and the architecture using such method—which is generally designated by the expression "narrow band architecture" is a delicate task to achieve because of the difficulty of realizing a narrow band filter showing performance. And much more tricky to integrate in a semiconductor circuit.
In order to compensate for the above mentioned difficulty, a third method can be used or, should we say, a third category of methods which include numerous processing operations which permits to get rid with the problem of the image frequency. For instance, the homodyne type architecture is based on a direct conversion of the RF frequency. This third category further includes architectures of the type Low-IF involving a complex frequency processing, and also Hartley or Weaver type methods which are sometimes referred to as IQ architecture.
Generally speaking, the above evoked methods are discussed in the following document:
Now considering the case of the mobile telephone of the type Wide Band Code Division Multiplexing Access (WCDMA), the following frequencies are used:
for receiving: a 60 MHz frequency range between 2110 Mhz and 2170 Mhz;
for emitting: a 60 MHz frequency range between 1920 Mhz and 1980 Mhz.
There is a 5 Mhz frequency range which is assigned to one channel. The processing of one channel, in a known heterodyne type architecture, requires to suppress all non-desired signals, and particularly the image frequencies and, in addition, other high level signals at determined frequencies which are often referred to as "blocking" signals.
All these signals must be rejected or at least significantly reduced before they reach the mixer 14.
In most circuits of known WCDMA type mobile telephone, there is used an appropriate selective band pass filter which is located at the input of the mixer and realized by means of acoustic components of the type Surface Acoustic Wave (S.A.W.). These components have the drawback of not allowing easy integration in a same semiconductor product.
Downstream of this SAW filter, there is used a very selective filtering circuit for the purpose of suppressing the image frequency with a high level of rejection, generally at least 50 dB.
In the WCDMA standard, for instance, the band for the emission is 60 MHA and is divided into channels of 5 Mhz. The separation of these channels requires the use of selective filters fitted with quality factors having a value of at least several hundreds.
For W-CDMA transmission: fcenter=2140 MHz, Bp
Q=f center /Δf| −3dB ≈f center /B p
For GSM transmission: fcenter=943 MHz, Bp
Q=f center /Δf| −3dB ≈f center /B p
The figures mentioned above are a clear obstacle preventing the use of the second method which was discussed before, because of the great difficulty of realizing filters for separating channels providing high selectivity at the radio frequency and, moreover, for providing a complete integration within a same semi-conductor product.
One embodiment of the present invention achieves a receiving circuit based on a heterodyne architecture comprising a powerful narrow band filter for the purpose of suppressing the image frequency.
one embodiment of the present invention provides a high performance receiving circuit of a digital communication system which allows full integration within a single semiconductor substrate.
One embodiment of the present invention is a heterodyne receiving circuit for a digital communication system including a first band pass filter receiving a signal from an antenna, an amplifying circuit and a second narrow band pass filter for selecting one particular channel within a band of frequencies. The two filters are carried out with BAW-type tunable resonators which can be integrated and adjusted, respectively, by means of a first electrical signal and a second electrical signal generated by two PLL-type frequency control loops. The second frequency control loop has a variable division factor for the purpose of selecting one particular channel within said band of frequencies. The heterodyne architecture further comprises a mixer for the purpose of generating an intermediate frequency.
There is thus provided a heterodyne architecture supporting full integration in a semiconductor substrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the first band pass filter is carried out by means of a master/slave circuit including a slave circuit for generating the transfer function of said first filter and a master circuit which is integrated in the first frequency control loop.
More specifically, the slave circuit of the first filter includes a first BAW resonator having a resonance frequency and an anti-resonant frequency, said at least first BAW resonator being associated With a first partner element of the inductive type fixed in the vicinity of said resonant and anti-resonant frequencies; and with a second partner element of the capacitive type. At least one of the two elements is adjustable by means of said first electric signal.
The master circuit of the first filter includes a second BAW resonator located on the same substrate than said at least first BAW resonator, and having a resonance frequency and an anti-resonant frequency. The second BAW resonator is associated with a first partner element of the inductive type fixed in the vicinity of said resonant and anti-resonant frequencies and with a second partner element of the capacitive type. At least one of the two elements is adjustable by means of said first electric signal generated by the first frequency control loop.
The control of the characteristics of the resonators can be performed in various manners. Preferably, the capacitive element—which is for instance associated to the first BAW resonator—is a varactor controlled by said first electric signal (signal 1, Vtune).
Preferably, the inductive element includes a spiral inductance located on the silicium substrate of the resonators.
Alternatively, the inductive element associated with the first or second resonator, includes a gyrator having two transconductance amplifiers and a capacitance, said first electric signal being used for controlling operating point of said transconductance amplifiers.
In another embodiment, the inductive element associated with the resonator includes a gyrator comprising to transconductance amplifiers an a varactor, said first electric signal being used for controlling the value of the capacitance of said varactor.
In a preferred embodiment, the second filter is carried out by means of a master/slave circuit including a slave circuit for generating the narrow band pass function of the second filter, and a master circuit which is integrated in the second control loop.
The slave circuit of the second filter comprises at least a first BAW resonator having a resonance frequency and an anti-resonant frequency, said at least first BAW resonator being associated with a first partner element of the inductive type fixed in the vicinity of said resonant and anti-resonant frequencies; and with a second partner element of the capacitive type. The at least said first BAW resonator is adjustable by means of said second electric signal.
The master circuit of the second filter comprises at least a second BAW resonator located on the same substrate than said at least first BAW resonator, and having a resonance frequency and an anti-resonant frequency. This at least second resonator is associated with a first partner element of the inductive type fixed in the vicinity of said resonant and anti-resonant frequencies; and with a second partner element of the capacitive type. At least one of the two partners elements is adjustable by means of said second electric signal and integrated in the second frequency control loop, which has an adjustable division factor for the selection of a desired channel.
As for the first filter, various manners will be used for acting upon the resonators of the master/slave circuit of the second filter.
For example, the first or second BAW resonator can be associated with a capacitive element of the type varactor controlled by said electric signal.
Preferably, the inductive element includes a spiral inductance located on the silicium substrate of said resonator.
Alternatively, the inductive element includes a gyrator having two transconductance amplifiers and a capacitance, said second electric signal being used for controlling operating point of said transconductance amplifiers. Also, the inductive element associated to said resonator includes a gyrator comprising to transconductance amplifiers an a varactor, said second electric signal being used for controlling the value of the capacitance of said varactor.
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein
We will now describe an embodiment of a heterodyne type architecture in accordance with the present invention which is particularly adapted to the design of a wireless data communication system, and particularly complying with the WCDMA standard.
This heterodyne architecture is based on the use of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) type elements and particularly a new tunable resonator component (TRC) (i) that can be easily integrated in a feedback control loop of the type Master/Slave (II) and allowing various possibilities of feedback control (III).
It can then be carried out a particularly effective heterodyne architecture which, moreover, can be completed integrated in a same integrated circuit (IV)
I. Integrable Tunable Resonator Component (TRC)
One embodiment of the invention is based on the use of a new acoustic component, hereafter designated by the expression tunable resonator component (TRC)—as described in French patent application No. 0315480 filed on Dec. 29, 2003, and the principal characteristics of which will be summarized hereafter—for clarity's sake.
To this end, an acoustic resonator based on a dielectric medium arranged on a reflecting element, such as a Bragg mirror or a receiver for example, is used. Layers having different acoustic properties and different dielectric constants are stacked on a silicon substrate. Such an acoustic element is known as a surface mounted resonator (SMR).
Alternatively, the resonator could be of the Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator type (FBAR), namely a resonator located above a cavity to allow the reflection of acoustic waves and to avoid damping thereof.
A BAW resonator has two very close resonant frequencies, fs (series) and fp (parallel) respectively, as illustrated in
In the known approach, both resonant circuits are simultaneously used for filtering, as it is the case in document <<RF MEMS Circuit Design for Wireless Communications>>, Hector J De Los Santos, Artech House, ISBM 1-58033 329-9, 2002, p. 163 and following, for example.
On the contrary, in the new approach that is proposed, the TRC comprises a BAW resonator which is associated with at least two partner elements and, preferably, with a first inductive partner element, variable or fixed, active or passive, and with a second, generally variable, capacitive partner element.
Surprisingly, it has been noted that there is a great advantage in choosing a first partner element that is inductive and set close to the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies. In a particular embodiment, a spiral inductor integrated directly on the silicon substrate is used.
Alternatively, the first partner element is a variable inductor set in the vicinity of the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies, according to an electric signal Vtune.
The second partner element is a capacitive element and it generally varies according to an electric signal, for example electric signal Vtune.
By controlling said electric signal Vtune it is possible to considerably modify the characteristics of tunable resonator component composed of the acoustic resonator and its two partner elements.
Surprisingly, it was observed that the combination of partner elements chosen as mentioned above made it possible to adjust the characteristics of the TRC to a large extent, and in particular the characteristics of any integrated electronic circuit comprising such TRC, without affecting too much the overall performance of this circuit (resonant and anti-resonant frequencies, quality factor).
Then, inaccuracies in the manufacturing process and temperature sensitivity can be corrected and it is even possible to have a means for tuning the new acoustic component.
It is then possible to really act on the series resonance and control the resonant frequency by means of a capacitive tuning element 211.
Thus, through the combined action of partner elements 221 and 223, it is possible to adjust the operational frequency—within a broad range—by means of tuning element 211 or 221 according to the case.
Thus, there is a true co-operation between tuning element 211 (or 221) and inductor 213 (resp. 223) that, by its action in the vicinity of both resonant and anti-resonant frequencies of the acoustic resonator, reinforces the capacitive tuning effect of 211 (resp. 221).
This results in a new tunable resonator component, having a BAW resonator with a high quality coefficient, associated with its two partner elements.
Thus, great flexibility is provided by this new tunable resonator component that can be integrated into a silicon product directly. Consequently, it paves the way for new multiple developments of integrated circuits from the moment it is possible to effectively control its operation point by means of the tuning carried out by its partner elements.
Indeed, the circuit that will now be described, which allows to feedback control the operation point of the new acoustic component, not only allows to compensate for the insufficiencies of the manufacturing process, but also precisely sets the operation point in spite of temperature variations.
II. Integration of the New Tunable Resonator Element in a Master-Slave Architecture
As can be seen in
In a preferred embodiment, block 310 is used as an integrated linear filtering circuit using the high quality coefficient of the BAW resonator, and having an input electrode or a pair of input electrodes 301 and an output electrode or a pair of output electrodes 302.
The circuit further comprises a second circuit or block 320, a master block, linear or not linear, equipped with a second TRC 321 that is homothetic to TRC 311. To this end, the partner elements of components 311 and 321 as well as BAW resonators are paired. Specifically, BAW resonators should have the same geometry (or at least be homothetic), they should be issued from the same manufacturing process and arranged close to one another on the same substrate in order to be subjected to the same temperature conditions.
A reference value 322 that should be extremely stable, controls the second master circuit 320. In practice, for example, a reference frequency from a quartz oscillator or a reference voltage generated by a band-gap block will be selected.
Each tunable acoustic component has a control electrode receiving a controlling electric signal, which will noted Vtune, via a circuit 303.
Electric signal Vtune, voltage or current, is transmitted to one or more partner elements of each TRC.
People qualified in the art could consider various embodiments allowing to act on the partner elements of the BAW resonator.
As a non-restrictive example, in a first embodiment illustrated in
The diagram of
Alternatively, the polarization current of the transconductance amplifiers forming the gyrator(s) could be controlled by electric signal Vtune, in order to adjust the gyrator's "gm" parameter and, consequently, the value of the inductive element associated with the BAW resonator.
Other embodiments allowing adjustment of the partner elements associated with resonators contained in components 311 and 321 could be considered.
It will be also noted that a single resonator component for each of circuits or blocks 310 and 320 was shown, for clarity's sake. However, it is clear that a skilled man could readily adapt the invention to the construction of a block 310 (and 320) comprising several resonator components in lattice or ladder assembly or mounted in any other possible manner.
The circuit or block 320—the master circuit—is integrated into a control circuit for precisely controlling the operation point of adjustable acoustic component 320 via electric control signal Vtune.
By copying the value to the control input of component 311 located in slave block 310, a particularly effective control of the operation point of block 310 is achieved.
The control loop produced within master block 320 makes it possible to control the characteristics of the dual component located within slave block 310, thus allowing adjustment thereof.
First, the imperfections resulting from the manufacturing process of semiconductor product can be corrected and defects in manufacturing tolerances can be compensated for. As a result it becomes possible to integrate a BAW resonator in an integrated circuit while avoiding to discard a whole circuit when only its BAW component does not show the desired characteristics.
Secondly, in addition to correcting tolerance defects, thanks to the master-slave architecture that has been just described, one controls the resonant characteristics of the resonator element by means of the control loop achieved by block 320.
This control loop allows an adjustment that is independent of the manufacturing process, and also independent of the temperature.
In order to show the great flexibility of the invention, and the multiple possibilities of control that are offered to integrated circuit designers, several particularly effective examples of control will now be described.
III. Examples of Control Loops
A. Frequency Control Through Integration of the Second TRC in a PLL Loop
To this end, circuit or block 320 comprises a phase comparator 510 having a first input 500 receiving a reference frequency that should be as stable as possible. Phase comparator 510 has a second input receiving the output of a dividing element 540.
The output of the phase comparator is fed to a low-pass filter 520 that outputs a voltage Vtune used to control a TRC component 530 arranged in the master block. This voltage is used as a control signal for the dual TRC component (not shown on
TRC component 530 is integrated in an oscillating system all the elements of which are paired with elements of the slave block. The oscillating system of the master block generates an output frequency that is transmitted to the dividing element 540 ensuring division by a number N equal to or higher than 1, fixed or variable, integer or fractional.
Thus, thanks to this regulation pattern, a frequency control generated by the oscillating circuit on a multiple of N times the input frequency of the master block is achieved.
This control is reproduced in the dual TRC component located in slave block 310 in order to precisely set the operation point of circuit 310, and consequently, to adjust parameters of the linear filter made up by block 310, in particular its midband frequency.
People qualified in the art will be able to adapt the teaching of the invention to the design of another type of frequency control, and in particular Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL).
More generally, multiple different control alternatives, and in particular an ALL-type control loop could be considered.
B. ALL-Type Control Loop Control
To this end, the circuit comprises a voltage comparator 610 having a first input 600 receiving a reference voltage that should be as stable as possible. Comparator 610 has a second input receiving a voltage resulting from the operation of a linear phase response circuit, as a filter, using an adjustable TRC component 630 equipped with two partner elements, as described previously.
Comparator 610 outputs an error that is filtered by a loop filter 620—generally a low-pass filter—which generates a control voltage Vtune which is transmitted to the control electrodes of both paired TRC, respectively located in slave block 310 and master block 320.
As previously described, control voltage Vtune could be used to control a varactor, an active inductor etc. . . . , in order to precisely adjust the operation point of the tunable resonator element in Master block 320.
The operation point of the one or more adjustable resonator components located in Slave block 310 can thus be indirectly controlled.
C. Control of the Quality Factor of the Resonator Element and of its Midband Frequency
The frequency and voltage control loops that have just been described are not necessarily mutually exclusive. We will now describe how they can advantageously combine to carry out an extremely sophisticated and very advantageous control.
In this third example of control, the master circuit comprises, simultaneously, a first phase-locked loop (PLL), as previously described, associated or combined with an amplitude-locked loop (ALL) for controlling the quality factor of said TRC circuit.
To this end, one provides a first master block 710 comprising at least a first adjustable TRC 711 (similar to the previously described ones) and receiving a particularly stable reference frequency at an input 712. The first block is typically a frequency control carried out by means of a PLL loop as previously described, based on a resonant frequency.
This first master block generates a first electric control signal, Vtune 1 that is transmitted to a tunable resonator element TRC 703 located in a slave block 700. As previously, slave block 700 could be used to achieve any linear filtering function, even any electric circuit.
A second master block 720 is also provided, which comprises a second tunable resonator element 721 similar to the previous one and receiving a particularly stable reference voltage at an input 722. Second block 720 is used to control the quality factor of tunable resonator element 721 in order to adjust the quality coefficient of slave resonator 703, by mirroring effect, by means of a second electric signal Vtune 2.
As can be seen in
To this end, several embodiments could be considered.
In a first mode, as represented in
Thus, a double control of adjustable resonator 703 is achieved, frequency control and quality coefficient control.
Alternatively, voltages Vtune 1 and Vtune 2 are used to control an active inductor, made up of a varactor and a gyrator, whose both elements are controlled by electric signals Vtune 1 and Vtune 2 respectively.
Such quality coefficient control and frequency control are particularly useful to maintain performances of BAW resonator 703 and to make them insensitive to manufacturing process and temperature.
IV. Integrated Heterodyne Architecture
Referring to
The circuit includes a conventional wide band antenna 21, but adapted to the frequency of the signal to receive. Downstream from the antenna, the circuit includes a first pass band filter (22) designed to receive the signal from the antenna, followed by a low noise amplifier (LNA) 23. The circuit then includes a second narrow band filter 24 which is designed for rejecting the image frequency and for selecting one particular channel within the frequency band filtered by the first filter 22.
The two filters are realized by means of BAW-type resonators, based on a tunable resonator component (TRC) as described above, which can be both integrated and each adjusted, respectively by means of a first electric signal (signal 1, Vtune in
The first control loop has a fixed division ratio, and this is illustrated by block 29 of
By adjusting the division ratio of the second control loop, it is possible to adjust the channel that is to be extracted from the considered band of frequencies.
Un-mixing circuit 25 is used for generating the intermediate frequency (IF) from the RF frequency, downstream of the second filter, and from a local oscillation frequency, whereby the signal processing can be performed on this intermediate frequency, the value of which being well inferior than the value of the frequency of the RF signal. The local oscillation frequency is also produced by the second control loop and thus also corresponds to the band of frequency being considered.
To this end, the circuit includes a block 26 which has the function of suppressing the DC component, and a variable gain amplifier (VGA) 27, as well as an analog-to-digital converter 28.
Preferably, the two filters 22 and 24 are based on the MASTER/SLAVE architecture which was described in reference with
The first pass band filter 22 is based on a slave circuit designed to provide the required transfer function and on a master circuit designed to be integrated in the first frequency control loop.
More specifically, and referring to
The master circuit of the first filter includes at least a second BAW resonator located on the same substrate than the preceding one and that is associated to its two partner elements, one inductive and one capacitive. One at least of the two partner elements is adjustable by means of the first electric signal (signal 1, Vtune) generated by the first PLL-type frequency control loop.
As seen above, the control of the characteristics of the resonators can be performed by various methods. Preferably, the capacitive element—that is for instance associated to the first BAW resonator—can be a varactor controlled by the said first electric signal (signal 1, Vtune). Moreover, the inductive element comprises a spiral inductance being located on the silicium substrate of the resonator. Alternatively, the inductive element which is associated to the first or to the second resonator can be composed of a gyrateur comprising two transconductance amplifiers and a capacite, the first electric signal (signal 1, Vtune) being used for setting the operating point of the amplifiers. In another embodiment, the inductive element that is associated to the resonator is composed of a gyrator comprising two transconductance amplifiers and a varactor, with the first electric signal (signal 1, Vtune) being used for adjusting the value of the capacitance of the varactor.
Similarly, the second—narrow band pass—filter 24 is realized by means of a master/slave circuit comprising a salve circuit designed to provide the adequate transfer function and a master circuit which is to be integrated within the second control loop.
The slave circuit of the second filter comprises at least a first BAW resonator which is associated to its two partners elements, respectively inductive and capacitive. One of the element can be adjusted by means of the second electrical signal (signal 2, Vtune)
The master circuit of the second filter comprises at least a second BAW resonator that is located on the same substrate than the precedent one, and associated to its two partners elements, respectively inductive and capacitive. At least one can be adjusted by means of the second electrical signal (signal 2, Vtune) and integrated in the second frequency control loop, which has a adjustable dividing ratio for channel selection.
As for the first filter, the resonators of the master/slave circuit can be adjusted in various manners.
Thus, the first filter 22 based on a TRC is designed for selecting the whole 60 Mhz wide frequency band which is allocated to the WCDMA. As it can be seen with dividing by N block 29 of
This first control loop provides the control of the transfer function of the filter 22 and permits the characteristics of said filter to be precisely set despite the inaccuracies in the manufacturing process and the temperature variations.
Preferably, filter 22 is associated to a feedback control of the quality factor, as was previously described in reference to
The circuit shown in
The variable division factor (Mvar) is superior than 1 and can be adjusted by steps of 1 within the range: N−2% . . . N+2%, controlled by a BBDig block 31 which is used for the base band digital processing on the signal. The Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO2) (which is not represented in
The control signal which is generated by the first control loop is used for controlling the variable elements of the TCR, i.e., either variable capacitors or variable active selfs as was described above with details with reference to
Therefore, it is provided the effective selection of a 5 Mhz Channel within the 60 Mhz band which is allocated to the WCDMA communication.
It can thus be provided to carry out a PLL type control loop which permits the receiving channel to be selected and, also, to compensate for the variations of the temperature as well as the inaccuracies of the manufacturing process.
Generally speaking, the particular selection of one channel is made by variable dividing block 30 which is controlled by a digital block 31 in response to signaling information exchanged between the mobile and the base station. As it is known in the art, once the communication between the mobile terminal and the base station is established, the channel to be used for that communication is determined and so is the division factor to be used by block 30 under control of block 31.
In the invention, the division ratio of block 30 that is associated to the feedback control of the second filter is set as a function of the signaling procedure between the base station and the mobile terminal.
Preferably, block 30 also provides—and thus in a very advantageously way—the frequency LO of the local oscillator which is transmitted to the mixer 25 also receiving the RF frequency filtered by second filter 24.
Thus, the control of block 30 results in the simultaneous control of the selection of the channel and also the control of the frequency of local oscillator which is used by mixer 25.
Moreover, this control loop uses a input signal which servers for controlling variables elements of the BAW based narrow band filter 24 (i.e., either variable capacitors or variable active inductances) and the signal at the output of the VCO is used for generating the signal "Local oscillator" to the frequencies mixer. The requirements regarding the phase noise are those specified to the common CDMA-type receivers.
At the output of mixer 25, the intermediate frequency (IF) is transmitted to a DC block designed for suppressing the DC component.
The circuit of
It can be seen that the circuit of
Generally speaking, the performances that are attained result from the high quality of the adaptive control mechanism which can be carried out, thanks to the high flexibility of the TRC which was described.
A receiving circuit that based on a heterodyne architecture can be fully integrated.
Moreover, it can be noted that the heterodyne architecture which was described includes only one mixer, contrary to the known techniques which, generally speaking, are based on the successive use of two distinct mixers.
The values which are provided below are non limitative examples of possible embodiments:
For W-C DMA receivers, the frequency of the system clock is often chosen to be CLK=88.4 Mhz.
In the W-CDMA, the width of one channel is equal to 5 Mhz and the local oscillator has a step of 200 Khz.
The signal which is entered within the PLL is set to 200 Khz, one fix the value of N=10700 and Mvar=10550 . . . 10850 with steps of 1, thus corresponding to a variation of 1.4% around the value N. The PLL1 control loop thus generates a control signal such that the frequency of the VCO is 2140 Mhz, whereas the PLL2 control loop generates a control signal such that the frequency of the VCO can be varied from 2110 Mhz to 2170 Mhz, by steps of 200 Khz.
This architecture shows the following advantages:
The frequency synthesis blocks operate at a frequency, the value of which is in a close vicinity of the RF frequency of the useful signal (for instance, 2000 Mhz for the W-CDMA signal), and not a value which is twice the value of the incident frequency, as it is the case for IQ receivers.
All of the above U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 3, 1997
|Oct 5, 1999
|Lucent Technologies Inc
|Wireless receiver including tunable RF bandpass filter
|Apr 14, 1997
|Aug 29, 2000
|Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.
|High frequency receiving circuit for mobile communication apparatus
|Aug 2, 1999
|Apr 1, 2003
|Nortel Networks Limited
|Method and apparatus for performing image signal rejection
|Apr 5, 2001
|Nov 25, 2003
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Tunable piezoelectric filter arrangement using a dielectric material with a voltage-dependent dielectric constant
|May 17, 2000
|Sep 28, 2004
|A.B. Dick Holdings Limited
|Amplifier circuit
|Nov 22, 2002
|Oct 4, 2005
|Agilent Technologies, Inc.
|Dual-mode RF communication device
|Sep 26, 2001
|Mar 20, 2007
|Nokia Corporation
|Dual-channel passband filtering system using acoustic resonators in lattice topology
|Title not available
|De Los Santos, Héctor J., RF MEMS Circuit Design for Wireless Communications, Artech House, Boston, Massachusetts, 2002, p. 163.
|Pärssinen, Aarno, Direct Conversion Receivers in Wide-Band Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2001.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 23, 2009
|May 1, 2012
|Lojack Operating Company, Lp
|Notched saw image frequency rejection filter system
|Jun 4, 2014
|Aug 18, 2015
|Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc.
|Low-noise flexible frequency clock generation from two fixed-frequency references
|Jul 3, 2015
|Dec 15, 2015
|Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc.
|Low-noise flexible frequency clock generation from two fixed-frequency references
|Jul 3, 2015
|Dec 29, 2015
|Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc.
|Low-noise flexible frequency clock generation from two fixed-frequency references
|Jul 3, 2015
|Jan 5, 2016
|Pmc-Sierra Us, Inc.
|Low-noise flexible frequency clock generation from two fixed-frequency references
|Apr 28, 2011
|Orest Fedan
|Notched saw image frequency rejection filter system
|U.S. Classification
|455/307, 455/339, 455/333, 375/350
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 9, 2005
Owner name: STMICROELECTRONICS S.A., FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CATHELIN, ANDREIA;BELOT, DIDIER;REEL/FRAME:016375/0389
Effective date: 20050801
|Jun 22, 2010
|Certificate of correction
|Oct 5, 2010
|Certificate of correction
|Mar 8, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Duracell Procell 6.0V Alkaline Lantern Battery - Screw Terminals (PC915 PC-915)
- Item #: DURACELL-PROCELL-6V-PC915
- Brand: Duracell
Click to Enlarge Image
You Save 54%
| Reg. Price $14.95
Usually ships the next business day
|1 - 5
|$6.95 ea.
|6 - 23
|$6.85 ea.
|24 - 95
|$6.49 ea.
|$6.09 ea.
Request a Volume Quotation
Battery Junction 30 Day Warranty
Every Order Ships Directly From The United States
Authorized Dealer For All Products Sold
Duracell ProCell Alkaline 6V Lantern Battery
Duracell ProCell alkaline batteries are designed and tested for use by professionals in high demand work environments. These industrial batteries are priced and packaged for superior cost effectiveness, and deliver long lasting power for a wide range of devices. Each battery can operate between -20 to 54 degrees Celsius and can last in storage with a 7 Year Shelf Life. Safe and reliable performance as well as the guarantee of Duracell quality make the ProCells an ideal battery to power workplace necessities.Features & Benefits
- Alkaline Chemistry
- 7 Year Shelf Life
- -20 to 54 Degree Temperature Operating Range
- Reliable Manufacturing For Industrial Environments
- Manufactured To Meet IEC 60086 And ISO 9000 Standards
- Date Coded To Guarantee Freshness
- Insulated Screw Terminals
- Capacity: 13Ah
- Alkaline Battery
- Voltage Rating:6V
- Battery Capacity: 13000mAh
- Battery Terminals: Screw Post
- Depth: 67.7mm
- Height: 109.6mm
- Width: 67.7mm
- Weight: 2.15 lbs. (975g)
- RoHS Compliant: NA
|Battery Size:
|Battery Capacity:
|Alkaline Battery, Capacity May VarymAh
|Battery Chemistry:
|Battery Voltage:
|Battery Terminal Type:
|Snap Connector
|Battery Shelf Life:
|6-8 Years
|Battery Junction 30-Day Warranty
|Return Policy:
|Battery Junction Return Policy
|Product Weight:
|Product Dimensions:
|2.685" (L) x 2.685" (W) x 4.409" (H)
|Country of Origin:
|Associated Battery Sizes:
|4LR25X, 4R25X, 510S, 528, 6V, 915, 915A, 915D, 945R4, Lantern, Lantern Battery (Screw Terminals), MN915, PC915
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Duracell Procell 6.0V Alkaline Lantern Battery - Screw Terminals (PC915 PC-915)
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text:
Home > Sunglasses > Bvlgari > BV8172B (53928G)
BV 8172B is available in 3 additional attractive styles
New Releases
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Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
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BV8172B/53928G Ophthalmic Glasses
BV8172B is a fashion statement, for which sunshine is not necessarily required, because these sunglasses enhance your natural radiance turning night into day. Would another colour not be a better match for your favourite outfit? Check also the other styles of BV8172Bin our 2015, and 2016 Bvlgari range.
This frame was specially designed for genuine power women. Graceful design and expressiveness are interspersed with classical chic. Full rim frames completely enclose the lenses within the frame. For a convinced eyeglass wearer, any other frame style is ruled out, with very few exceptions. The square shape gives round faces a concise form and makes them appear more striking. It sets a highlight in the appearance, drawing attention to itself. Plastic frames like these combine durability and are comfortable to wear. The BV8172B is a very snug fit on the ears and nose. The colour violet represents trendiness, creativity and individuality. The fact that the colour grey matches everything, also applies to sunglass lenses. They suit everything in your wardrobe and never go out of fashion. This brand of sunglasses, of course, also provides your eyes with optimum UV400 protection.
If you press the button "order with prescription lenses', our digital dispensing optician will install the lenses in the original tint or as you wish. Your dioptre values are the only thing we require from you.
The glasses are in stock. If you order now, we can send out your glasses immediately. And because Edel-Optics is a paradise for bargain hunters, you can get this top model at an incredibly low price. What is labelled as "in the sale" at other online shops, is for us "all-day-everyday" prices.
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text:
The Federal Trade Commission has filed a complaint with the State of Connecticut to stop LeanSpa LLC, an Orange, Conn.-based weight loss company that has allegedly used fake news websites from affiliate marketers to promote its products. The FTC also says the company made deceptive claims and told consumers they could receive free trials of acai berry and colon cleanse products.
The FTC alleges many consumers ended up paying $79.99 for the trial and were roped into recurring monthly shipments of products that were difficult to cancel.
The defendants netted more than $25 million from U.S. consumers as a result, the FTC says.
This is the FTC's eleventh case involving fake news websites and the promotion of dietary supplements. In April, the FTC charged ten companies with similar practices. It now has a consumer alert to help customers avoid deceptive claims, as well as a video that talks about the risks of free trials, which the FTC says are often used to market acai berry supplements and similar products.
The parties have agreed to a court order temporarily halting the conduct of Boris Mizhen, LeanSpa and two other companies Mizhen controls. The order also continues an asset freeze, appoints a temporary receiver and gives the receiver, the FTC and the State of Connecticut immediate access to the business premises, the FTC says.
On Thursday, the LeanSpa website said the product was sold out and the company was no longer taking new orders.
According to the FTC, the defendants hired affiliate marketers to create fake news sites promoting their products. What's more, the fake sites appeared to be objective, with names like channel8health.com, dailyhealth6.com and online6health.com. The stories included headlines like, "Acai Berry Diet Exposed: Miracle Diet or Scam?" and "1 Trick of a Tiny Belly: Reporter Loses Her 'Belly' Using 1 Easy Tip." The FTC says the stories also sometimes displayed the logos of reputable news sources, like CNN, MSNBC and Fox News.
The fake reporters claimed to have lost weight quickly and included links to sites where consumers were offered samples. The FTC says the affiliate marketers earned a commission for each consumer who signed up for a trial.
The complaint also says consumers were encouraged to provide credit or debit card information to receive the samples for a small shipping and handling fee, but were later charged $79.99 for one of the products or $158.98 for both. Additionally, some consumers were allegedly charged before receiving the samples or before the trial period ended.
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Mashantucket — A new shopping experience awaits visitors to Foxwoods Resort Casino who linger near the Great Cedar Casino.
Gone are the multicolored facades of a typical New England village that had been a Foxwoods staple for nearly two decades. In their place is a more unified series of nine stores — in place of the dozen previously — that look like glass cubes with metal hinges.
"I love the tile floor; I love how bright it is," said one shopper, Renea Fahnbullen of Bronx, N.Y., who took in the festivities Friday as Foxwoods celebrated the opening of its renovated shopping concourse, one of two major retail areas in the 7-million-square-foot casino.
Scott Butera, president and chief executive of Foxwoods, told a crowd of perhaps 200 at Friday's ribbon cutting that he was surprised by the lack of shopping options at the casino when he came onboard four years ago.
He added in an interview with reporters later that he found the shopping "pretty pedestrian" when he first arrived and believed the concourse makeover has been successful in developing a range of "terrific boutique shops" that would mesh nicely with the $115 million Tanger Outlets development that Foxwoods expects to open in May.
"It's important we offer more nongaming options to customers," he said.
The retail stores, ranging in size from 500 to 2,500 square feet, include Kidstuff, where shoppers can peruse an assortment of baby clothes and hand puppets; Panache, where floppy hats and frilly scarves predominate; Scenses, which combines a range of products offered by Yankee Candle, Crabtree & Evelyn and Vera Bradley; Activa, which has a line of activewear, and an adjoining store called Activa Kicks that features sneakers, and Folli Follie, decorated in a cool orange hue, that mirrors the women's accessory items shoppers can find on Madison Avenue.
According to Annette DeBois, vice president of retail development and operations, these stores were chosen with a lower price point in mind, in keeping with the daytrippers who typically are attracted to the Great Cedar Casino, where many of the lower-bet games are located.
Rodney Butler, chairman of the Mashantucket Tribal Nation, said the 150-yard-long retail concourse fits in with Foxwoods' strategy of developing projects that add to the casino's resort atmosphere.
"Gaming is everywhere," he said. "What's going to differentiate yourself?"
Twitter: KingstonLeeHow
What: Great Cedar Casino shopping concourse
Where: Foxwoods Resort Casino
Number of stores: 9
Size of stores: 500 to 2,500 square feet
Cost of project: $15 million, including the food area
General contractor: A/Z Corp. of North Stonington
Lyme-Old Lyme High School student charged with sending sexually explicit emails from teacher's account
Norwich farm-to-school processing kitchen first in state approved as food manufacturing facility
Ex-Connecticut Gov. Rowland reports to prison for a 2nd time
Moderator Lester Holt largely stays out of fray - sometimes to debate's detriment
Colombia, FARC sign historic peace deal ending long conflict
Gray tasting freedom after long incarceration for New London shooting death
Ex-Connecticut Gov. Rowland reports to prison for a 2nd time


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Video News
On your marks, get set, go ho ho
10.31am Wednesday 17th December 2008
Llandissilio was full of sprinting Santas last Sunday as they took to the streets for the town's third annual Santa run.
Santa Claus came to Llandissilio
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text:
Another one for music lovers. Aged for effect :) For Men, Women and Kiddie Winks on T-shirts (Men and Ladies, V-neck, Long Sleeve), Hoodies and Kiddie Clothes! Also available as Stickers!
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- Tickets >
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Jersey Shows Sayreville Tickets
Jersey Shows tickets Sayreville are one of the most sought out commodities in Sayreville. With your Jersey Shows Sayreville tickets you are guaranteed one of the best live performances in Staples Center from some of today's best musicians in Jersey Shows.
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text:
Game Credits
|Tiger Woods PGA Tour 12: Masters (2011)
|(Senior Character Modelers)
|Tiger Woods PGA Tour Online (2010)
|(Senior Character Modeler)
|Superman Returns (2006)
|(Character Modeler)
|Outlaw Tennis (2005)
|(Character Modelers)
|Outlaw Golf 2 (2004)
|(Character Modeling)
|Ed, Edd n Eddy: Jawbreakers! (2003)
|LEGO Island 2: The Brickster's Revenge (2001)
|(Additional Graphics)
|Ready 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2 (2001)
|(Graphic Artist)
|Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six (2000)
|(Graphics (Artists))
|X-Men: Mutant Academy (2000)
|(Graphics Artists)
|Godzilla: The Series (1999)
|(Graphic Artist)
|Ready 2 Rumble Boxing (1999)
|(Graphic Artists)
|WWF Attitude (1999)
|Bust-A-Move 3 DX (1998)
|(Graphic Artist)
|WWF War Zone (1998)
|Bust-A-Move Again (1997)
|(Graphic Artist)
|Duke Nukem 3D (1997)
|(2D Graphics assist)
|NBA Hang Time (1996)
|(Lead Graphic Artist)
|Batman Forever (1995)
|(Additional Graphics)
|Primal Rage (1995)
|Body Count (1994)
|(Presentation Graphics)
|Mortal Kombat II (1994)
|(Backgrounds )
|The Pagemaster (1994)
|(Graphic artists)
|Gunship (1993)
|(Graphics by)
|Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1993)
|(Graphics by)
Quality Assurance
|Spider (1996)
|Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08 (2007)
|(Special Thanks)
|Superman Returns (2006)
|(Special Thanks)
|ECW Hardcore Revolution (2000)
|(Special Thanks)
|Space Invaders (1999)
|(Special Thanks (Crawfish))
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Below are top resources on SparkPeople for Juice Fast Before And After.
A couple decades ago, juicing was something that only overzealously health-conscious people did. You just knew someone was into healthy living if he or she owned a juicer or drank fresh juice regularly. Today, it's much more popular. People... Read more
With roughly 45 million Americans dieting each year, healthy eating is a hot topic—not only at New Year's, but through all seasons. But at what point does eating nutritious foods become an unhealthy obsession?
When most peop... Read more
You've been working hard at making healthy changes to your diet and exercising regularly to lose weight. But there's more to weight loss than watching what you eat; the beverages you drink can also affect your progress. Are you sabotaging you... Read more
They go down easily and can be found anywhere and everywhere. Water, tea, milk, juice, soda, flavored waters, coffee, energy drinks, smoothies. This list touches just a few of the many categories of beverages but doesn't even delve into the dif... Read more
That white, powdery substance just makes you feel good. You can't get it off your mind, and you keep coming back for more. The more you have it, the more you want it! But even when you try to stay away from it, it finds ways to sneak into your li... Read more
New here! Attempting an Intermittent Fasting diet (so far so good today) and to lose 20-25 pounds by Christmas. Still holding onto a lot of baby weight...from almost 6 years ago ð³ No more excuses!!! #friendfinder #firstpost... Read more
Anyone here done an egg fast? I'm on Day 2 and feeling great!! #eggfast #keto #lowcarb... Read more
I caught the flu last week. I stayed home that day and only drank water and ginger tea with lemon. The next day I felt fine and went back to work. The next two days I only ate one meal. Basically a big mixed green salad with balsamic dressing, one po... Read more
Debated between a fast unhealthy lunch and making a salad. I went with the salad- one choice at a time... Read more
that's amazing MSMAKEOVER! That's my first goal! Giving up fast food and cooking every meal at home. Even if it's not the healthiest at first, getting into the habit of actually cooking makes me so happy!... Read more
I have lost 39 pounds over the past eight months with a three day juice fast, once per month. I also walk about an hour each day.... Read more
People frequently ask on our Ask the Nutritionist page if they can drink the famous Mean Green for the entire day while completing a juice fast. This juice is a delicious and powerful tool, but drinking it exclusively during your juice fast is NOT re... Read more
Life is faster than ever, so how to get healthy, delicious meals on the table? We'll explore slow and pressure cookers, big-batch cooking, and other ways to make fantastic meals stress-free!... Read more
Six weeks from today, I, along with 11 of my fellow SparkPeople running pals of the Sparkin' Hood to Coast Team, will be participating in one of the most prestigious long distance relays in the world--The Hood to Coast Relay. The relay begins on the... Read more
Last December New York State had considered implementing a sales tax on sodas and juices to help offset the rising rate of obesity, but that proposal appears to have fallen through the cracks. Now New York City public health officials are taking the... Read more
Today I mark Day 19 on the green juice fast and can now say that I have embarked on the longest green juice yet. I hope to make it 45 days, leaving a week after that to ease out of it. I have an event coming up after that time, so 45 is the longest... Read more
I am so bummed to report to you guys that I had to stop juicing last night because I have caught the stomach flu my husband has been battling since Monday. We thought it was food poisoning, but it turns out, no...yucky stomach virus. Yesterday aftern... Read more


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Property to let in Waterside, Langthorpe, Boroughbridge, York YO51 - 4 bedrooms
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York YO61, Myton On Swale - P2148Property to rent - 4 bedrooms
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Please quote ref: P2148 - A lovely four bedroomed Barn Conversion in the quiet village of Myton on Swale, with good access to York, Harrogate and A1/A19. The property briefly comprises open plan dining room, lounge, study/fifth bedroom, downstairs ...
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text:
Skip to comments.Police Chief Wants No Exposed Buttocks
Posted on 06/28/2008 9:52:19 AM PDT by Coffee200am
FLINT, Mich., June 27 (UPI) -- The new police chief in Flint, Mich., has a new policy on low-riding pants -- those that ride low enough to expose the rear end can lead to arrest.
Interim Police Chief David Dicks said that he has been getting a lot of complaints from Flint citizens sick of looking at buttocks, Newhouse News Service reported.
"This immoral self-expression goes beyond free speech," Dicks said. "It rises to the crime of indecent exposure/disorderly persons."
Dicks said that any police officer who spots someone with pants that hang too low and show too much can make an arrest. Those caught in the act face up to three months in jail and fines of up to $500 if convicted.
Greg Gibbs, a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union, said that people tempted to test the limits should realize that not all clothing is protected by the First Amendment.
Critics of some attempts to ban sagging pants have suggested that the effort is racist because the style is most fashionable among young blacks.
You can't make this stuff up.
We're police not plumbers!
So, are all plumbers to be arrested now?
Is this satire?
Just askin' on account of the Chief's name.
17 seconds.....LOL!
Not a "Right to Bare Arms and Stuff" Ping!
It is hard to beat the old timers here.
Best pair of thread-titles:
Police Chief Wants No Exposed Buttocks
June 28, 2008 9:55:23 AM · 6 of 6
HerrBlucher to bmwcyle
Bill Clinton says Barack Obama must 'kiss my ass' for his support
June 28, 2008 9:55:07 AM · 11 of 12
Bobkk47 to yankeedame
So, any fashion statement blacks want to create will automatically be deemed acceptable by virtue of their perceived oppression?
I'm getting really really tired of this defense and the whole race card thing......One of these days, I'm gonna let loose with my own little "discussion on race" and I'll most assuredly end up being banned from every board I post on and quite possibly the entire internet!
"Critics of some attempts to ban sagging pants have suggested that the effort is racist because the style is most fashionable among young blacks"
Not a true statement. I work in "white" suburbia as a teacher and the white students are wearing this fashion.
We write up/discipline students for showing their underwear...girls or boys. When girls wear the low-riders and show undies, it should be no better/no worse than when the boys show their undies.
But it's hard to discipline some of these children when their parents arrive wearing very little and showing too much (moms showing bra straps).
Fat Man at Bench: It was a bullet, wasn't it?
Forrest Gump: A bullet?
Fat Man at Bench: That jumped up and bit you.
Forrest Gump: Oh, yes sir. Bit me right in the buttocks. They said it was a million dollar wound, but the army must keep that money 'cause I still haven't seen a nickel of that million dollars.
***The new police chief in Flint, Mich., has a new policy on low-riding pants — those that ride low enough to expose the rear end can lead to arrest. ***
Glad to see that the Police have rid Flint Michigan of real crime and have the time and oppurtunity to fool with peoples butts.......
They're just doing their part to conserve fuel. About an hour before starting their trip he fed her eggs, beans and cabbage.
So they got pulled over for evading gas taxes?
This is what's also wrong with our racist drug laws. "The Man" knows that weed and crack are most fashionable among young blacks.
The biggest bunch of exposed arses on display are the fully dressed and everyday parading the halls of Capitol Hill in DC.
Here in Kalifornicate — many of the young ladies are wearing shorts, jeans, sweats, slacks and skirts with the waist lines dropped so low and tops so high, one is provided a tantalizing preview look at some of the loveliest and buff butts, waist lines, tummies and backs in the nation....
Keep in mind — this is Los Gatos — so the ladies are not only beautiful, but classy, well groomed, no tattoos and will almost always smile back and respond to a cheerful "good morning"..
Morning visits to my favorite grocery store in Los Gatos can be the highlight of my day.....
It's exactly what a very old and damaged warrior needs to get his heart started and spirits lifted in the morning!!!!
I will fight to the death, to defend their right to flaunt their superior attributes!
Cool. I'm down wid dat.
I can see the headlines now: "Chief Dicks arrests Gay Pride paraders."
It's nice to know that creeping puritanism hasn't reached Los Gatos. I visited there once - stayed at La Casa del Gatos - the ladies were charming and lovely.
At any rate - it's good to hear all of the other crimes in Flint have been solved.
I can see the headlines now: "Dicks sticks gays in the pokey"
"Nip it the
butt bud!"
Hey, Ed Rains is our local weather man.
Rule Three: I am aware that it is considered fashionable for boys of your age to wear their trousers so loosely that they appear to be falling off their hips. Please don't take this as an insult, but you and all of your friends are complete idiots. Still, I want to be fair and open minded about this issue, so I propose this compromise: You may come to the door with your underwear showing and your pants ten sizes too big, and I will not object. However, In order to ensure that your clothes do not, in fact, come off during the course of your date with my daughter, I will take my electric nail gun and fasten your trousers securely in place to your waist.
Oh, get real and do some homework. Many, many, many jurisdictions have proven time and time again that failure to crack down on the basic disorderly stuff goes hand in hand with a worsening true crime environment. And the opposite is true.
Plus there is no zero-sum situation here-—i.e., it's not impossible to ticket people for showing their buttocks AND police "real" (your word) crime at the same time.
My young white suburban co-workers wear this style. One boy wears gym shorts under his saggy jeans. The other boy's underwear shows. Last summer I asked him to move some stuff for me. While he had both hands full with a five-gallon kettle of chili, his pants fell down.
I just took the chili and turned away. If I said anything or reacted I probably would have been charged with harassment or something.
Looks like the LEO's are "cracking down on crack". :^D
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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text: Gallery: Sharapova's Birthday Party Maria Sharapova headed to Breuninger, a big department store, and Fruehlingsfest, or Spring Festival, for a very special birthday adventure in Stuttgart. Published April 20, 2014 12:10 Maria Sharapova had a very special birthday celebration ahead of the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix. She and her team headed to a big department store in Stuttgart called Breuninger and chose outfits... First, though, Sharapova took a bit of time out to meet one of the adorable mascots at the store. The former World No.1 also posed for a few photos on a Porsche in front of the store before leaving. Still dressed in her dirndl, a traditional German dress, Sharapova headed to Fruehlingsfest. Fruehlingsfest is the Spring Festival and had roller coaster rides in its carnival section. That moment when the roller coaster is going up and you realize there's no getting off... Another thing that kept Sharapova busy in the lead-up to Stuttgart was a special Sugarpova launch. Sharapova helped launch Speedy, a new flavor of Sugarpova shaped like the iconic Porsche 911. Sugarpova now consists of 15 different varieties of candy sold around the world at numerous outlets. Sharapova is the two-time defending champion at this week's Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart. The Russian has never won the same WTA tournament three times - let alone three times in a row... Topics: 2014, tournaments, home photo gallery, news, photos or videos, maria sharapova, stuttgart Share this page! Print Email Related photos Roland Garros Players' Party May 20, 2016 Check out the best photos from the opening party for the 2016 French Open at Le Petit Palais here on wtatennis.com! The Nürnberg Player Party May 19, 2016 Check out the best photos from one magical night at the Nürnberg Player's Party here on wtatennis.com! Charleston: Aquatic Adventure April 04, 2016 The WTA hit the South Carolina Aquarium for the Volvo Car Open player party - who had the best moves under the sea? See for yourself… To The Top 3


text:
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GuildQuality customer satisfaction surveys enable homeowners to rate their contractor on a scale of zero to four (with zero being the worst and four being the best) in all sorts of categories. Our members can publish a summary of those answers here on their profile page, displaying a bar for as many or as few questions as they like. The score for each category indicates the percentage of survey respondents who answered a three or four to that particular question.Learn more about the feedback published on this page.
Solar installation (120)
Energy efficiency upgrades (110)
Swimming pool (3)
Commercial construction (1)
Commercial roof (1)
We display two types of written homeowner feedback on GuildQuality member profile pages: Comments and Reviews.
In response to our customer satisfaction surveys, homeowners share lots of comments about construction quality, communication, or any other question asked in the survey. Guildmembers can selectively publish these comments here on their profile page.
Reviews are different than comments. These are star ratings that homeowners ask us to publish, and they come with a written description of the type of experience they had working with their contractor. We publish all of the reviews we receive: positive and negative alike.Learn more about reviews and comments.
I was completely happy with solarponics and the fulfilled their commitments.
The job: Solarponics in Atascadero installed 18 powerful panels on our roof. Each panel has an inverter on it and the controller is installed in our house in our art studio for easy monitoring.Our review: We researched solar for about 6 months, getting detailed bids from 5 companies, 3 of which gave...
We had been interested in going solar for some time but also heard horror stories about the price of systems and the problems with leased systems. Well, I finally ran into a representative fro Solarponics at the Home & Garden show and made an appointment to have someone come out. We met Andrew shortly...
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Outstanding service. Solar panels and equipment were installed on-time and look outstanding. They went out of their way to hide electrical lines and install equipment in an easily accessible location. I would highly recommend them.
Thank you for such an awesome system!
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Very pleased with pricing, communication and installation of our system. We were adamant that our solar panels and inverter were made in the USA. Solarponics was able to provide us that. We are pleased with the end product.
As a GuildQuality Guildmember, Solarponics, Inc. relies on our customer surveying to help them deliver an exceptional customer experience.
We have surveyed customers on behalf of Solarponics, Inc. in Atascadero, CA; Paso Robles, CA; Arroyo Grande, CA; San Luis Obispo, CA; Santa Ynez, CA; Templeton, CA; Lompoc, CA; Nipomo, CA; Santa Maria, CA; Solvang, CA; and 13 other cities in California.
In this report, Solarponics, Inc. has published a summary of the customer feedback they've received since they joined GuildQuality in June 2013. In that time, 64 out of 118 customers (54%) responded to a GuildQuality satisfaction survey, with the most recent response in September 2016.
Solarponics, Inc. surveys all of their customers shortly after the completion of work, and their feedback appears in the summary on this page.
If you are a Solarponics, Inc. customer, and if Solarponics, Inc. completed work for you after June of 2013 but you haven't yet received a survey, please let us know.
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text:
Hey There!
This is my first blog post. To be honest, I was a bit pensive about joining an "online game community" as I have been scarred for life for the times I would look at the rabid fanboy-ism and sheer stupidity on sites like GameFaqs... I liked what I saw so I figured what the hell. I have another online blog but to be honest I can't really express my love for gaming to that reader base as it doesn't really mean anything to them. But Yeah! Introductions! My name is Jon. I'm 23 and I just graduated from Ithaca College in '08, I studied Televison production and even went as far as producing a Video Game related program for the School's TV station called "Game Over". I just moved into Queens but with today's job market...times are tough. Thankfully, games exist to help past the time. Gaming has always been a part of my life, since I was 3 and pointed at the family coleco vision to attempt river raid and pitfall. So with Christmas upon us I wanted to talk about one memory that will always be with me but I have to preface it...
Let's face it, we were all kids. stupid, impressionable kids that were able to be wowed by anything resembling tmnt, thundercats, robotech, transformers, etc. Not to say those things are bad but we were more likely to want games based off franchises that we "knew" for example - wanting "Ghostbusters the game" over say, "Crystalis". We see it today with children at the store grabbing games like Spongebob and Hannah Montanna over something like Drawn to Life or Kirby Super Star Ultra, I saw it everyday back in my GameStop days and it was painful.
Our generation was just like that, and while we had companies like Capcom and Konami giving us gems like Duck Tales and TMNT 2,3,Time etc... the NES days were a cesspool of cheap game cash-ins but with the lack of the internet and gaming journalism at its conception, buying games was a gamble.
Somewhere in the caverns of my garage lies a home movie christmas tape of me going ape shit over 1 game, that was Back to the Future for the NES.
Back to the Future, one of my favorite movies of all time. Always was, always will. Being a small kid and ripping off that wrapping paper to reveal the panicky expression of Marty McFly looking at that wrist watch with the fiery tire tracks just screaming at you for an interactive journey through time and relive the magic of the movie.
Chrono Trigger it was not.
I'm sure everyone has their own stories about how you dealt with getting bad games as gifts, but the moment of the game pack exiting the packaging and into my console was about as fast as my smile turning upside down and led to asking questions like "Why is this music nothing like the movie?", "Why is mount rushmore on the bottom of the screen?" and "Why is the hula-hoop girl trying to kill me" and then it turned into sheer frustration when I came across that DAMN milkshake throwing minigame, which I can't beat to this day.
Not trying to be ungrateful about it, I did thank everyone but soon after christmas my parents noticed that I have not touched the game at all, the whole experience was kind of a revelation for me when I finally understood that sticking with games based off franchises is not the way to go and since then I've stuck to games like zelda, mario, mega man, castlevania, river city, crystalis etc. My parents had trouble grasping this concept though, you know, since games were that new thing and were all the "same".
Getting bad games as 'surprise gifts' on christmas. birthdays continued with hot gems like dick tracy and ghostbusters and one time when my parents 'surprised me' one day after school with a copy of Home Alone 2 for SNES. I love my parents, but that game had attacking luggage and bell boys that would strangle kevin complete with haunting music!
After working at gamestop for 5 or so years, I learned that most kids just have to learn the hard way if they really want to get into gaming, I have seen kids turn their noses up at games like Klonoa, Katamari, Mario Galaxy (!), Kirby and all the other hits for things like Hanna Montana and Corey in the House DS. Honestly, It's a painful cycle for everybody except the evil executive at THQ laughing manically who orders these cheap uninspired games out to the masses.
Woo! First blog post, maybe the first of many!


text:
TCYHA Family,
We are excited to once again offer an opportunity for our members to participate in Boston Bruins Little Bruins. This program changes the way youth hockey is offered by providing first time participants between four to eight years of age, free head-to-toe equipment, age appropriate instruction and certified coaching, led by NHL Alumni in a fun and safe atmosphere.
Total cost including all equipment and ice will be only $100. Spots will go quickly, so register soon using the promo code TWYH3. Complete your registration online at the Learn To Play NHL website. Registration is limited to TCYHA members until Wednesday after which it will be open to the public, so act fast!
See below for what is included in the package and visit the website for complete information. All sessions will be held at the Wallace Civic Center.
1000 John Fitch Hwy
Fitchburg, MA 01420
Twin City Youth Hockey
October 19, 2016 5:20pm
Oct 19, 26, Nov 2, 9 - 5:20PM
Equipment fitting/pickup at TSR Hockey (5 Kelly Rd, Salem, NH) on Saturday, Oct 8 from 11:00-11:30AM.
Each participant will receive the following new equipment from CCM to call their own, customized by your local NHL team:
In addition to the equipment provided, we recommend that you purchase a mouth guard and athletic supporter.
We're pleased to announce that registration is now open for House Hockey, No Player Left Behind, and Learn to Skate.
Learn to Skate is being offered for children ages 4 and up and will teaching skating fundamentals and is appropriate for beginners with no skating experience.
House Hockey is for players ages 5 to 7 in 2016 and is designed as an introduction to youth hockey. There will be a total of twenty sessions including games and practices starting on 11/25.
No Player Left Behind is in two separate divisions for players ages 8 through 15 in 2016. NPLB is designed for players with dek hockey experience but limited or no ice hockey experience. NPLB will consist of twenty sessions including games and practices starting on 12/3.
Players for House Hockey and NPLB should have basic skating skills, such as Learn to Skate, but expertise is not required. There will be a strong focus on skating skills and players need not worry if they are a beginner or have limited skating experience.
For complete information, please visit our Programs tab and select the program you are interested in or click the links in this message.
If you are interested, please Register Online via our website.
Kind Regards,
Twin City Youth Hockey
We have opened U6 and U8 Mite registration. U6 Mite is for players aged 5 and 6 in 2016 and U8 Mite is for players aged 7 and 8 in 2016. We will keep our format from the previous season.
U6 Mites in 2016-2017 will be a half-ice, local league program. Practices will be once a week starting in November and twice a week from December to February, totaling about 32 practices. Weekly, cross-ice games are planned between TCYHA and Groton for about 16 games including 6 or 7 in Fitchburg.
U8 Mites in 2016-2017 will be a half-ice, local league plus full sheet games in the Westborough league. Practices will be once a week starting in October and twice a week from December to February, totaling about 38 practices. Weekly, cross-ice games are planned between TCYHA and Groton (about 16) plus full-sheet games in the Westborough league (10 games plus playoffs) starting part way through the season.
Due to positive response, we have worked to allow more players into the Mite program for the 2016-2017 season, but we ask that you register as soon as possible so that we're able to gauge how many teams we will need for the season.
Please Register Online using our website and let us know if you have any questions.
Best Regards,
Twin City Youth Hockey
New Privacy Policy
Some words here to call out the new privacy policy and maybe terms of service.
Read it here


text:
Celiac Disease Symptoms and Conditions ChecklistRead More »
Most people with celiac disease are undiagnosed. This checklist helps you document if you or your child have any of the common symptoms or conditions of celiac disease.
Find a Healthcare PractitionerRead More »
The CDF Healthcare Practitioner Directory is a free listing of physicians, dietitians, mental health professionals and allied health providers in all 50 states, who treat patients with celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders.
Federal BenefitsRead More »
Federal benefits are available to Americans with diagnosed celiac disease. These benefits include a medical deduction for gluten-free foods, disability benefits if more than one year of work is missed, and public school accommodations for children and college students.
Travel ResourcesRead More »
Here is a list of celiac associations and persons for popular travel destinations you may contact to plan your dining and grocery shopping experiences while abroad.
What You Need to Know About Celiac Disease – Video SeriesRead More »
Celiac Disease Foundation is pleased to present highlights from our 2016 National Conference. Whether you are newly diagnosed or want the most up-to-date information on celiac disease and gluten sensitivity, this video series is what you need to watch!