text:
Jon Cooper's Adam Park Story
In 2009, the Coopers arrived in Singapore from the UK. Jon's wife had a job posting here and Jon was to be during the duration of her posting, a house husband taking care of their 2 young children and running the household. As luck would have it, on the morning after they moved into their home, Jon on a "reconnaissance" of his new neighbourhood spotted a National Heritage Board marker introducing the WWII history of Adam Park.
From that day onwards, Jon's life took on a different direction. Trained as a battlefield archeologist, he was to spend the next 9 years, juggling his responsibilities as husband and father with his passion for battlefield history, Singapore after all is rich and fertile ground for the "digging up" of WW II history.
Jon and his family moved back home to Scotland in July this year. In the time Jon was here, his contributions to WW II history included the regular once a month "Battle at Cemetery Hill" guided walks for All Things Bukit Brown which started in June 2012, an exhibition co-curated by Jon under Singapore Heritage Society held at National Library in commemoration of the 70th Anniversary in 2012 of the Fall of Singapore –Four Days in February: Adam Park the Last Battle- over 20 archeological digs as part of The Adam Park Project (TAPP) capping it all by the publication of Tigers in the Park. Published just weeks before he left for home, Simone Lee attended the last of the Tigers in the Park tours held in conjunction with the book's launch.
Jon Coopers Adam Park Project by Simone Lee
Adam Park is a significant place in Singapore's history because it was where one of the last and fiercest battles was fought and was subsequently a prisoner of war (POW) work camp.
Located at the crossroads between Bukit Timah and MacRitchie Reservoir, Bukit Timah is the highest point in Singapore and where the British army supplies were kept. The Japanese captured Bukit Timah on 12th February 1942 and set its sights on cutting off the water supply to the city. The British troops guarding the Water Tower along MacRitchie Reservoir were ordered to move the defence line outward towards Bukit Timah, and engaged in battle with the Japanese troops at the halfway point which was Adam Park.
At Adam Park, Jon sets up the battlefield of engagement and from his research which includes oral interviews with war veterans, former residents of Adam Park, descendants and pouring over diaries and other private papers, Jon brings to life compelling stories of the people at Adam Park, igniting an important component of WW II , its social history.
The colonial black-and-white bungalows at Adam Park were built in 1929 for the European community. Generous lawns allowed for tennis courts and putting greens. The driveways had space for cars owned by residents and their guests. It is a beautiful, genteel estate away from the city and conveniently located close to the golf course which now belongs to the Singapore Island Country. Here are some highlights of the various houses with significant stories to tell in the book.
House No.16
Located on top of the hill, and dubbed 'Bachelor's Mess' during the war, the first family to occupy house was the Dutch Consular General, Mr.Hendrik Fein, his wife and their "celebrity" daughter, Concha. They lived there for a few months in 1938 before moving to Mount Alma. Concha was reputed to be a great beauty, young and vivacious who became popular for helping the Singapore Charity Cabaret and regularly entertained the Allied troops. Unfortunately, Concha and her family were in the plane which went missing on its way to Australia when they were evacuated at the onset of war. Their plane was one of 2 carrying passengers from Java. The other plane landed safely in Melbourne with one of its passengers being Lieutenant General Gordon Bennett, who relinquished his post as the Commander of the Australian Army's 8th Division in Singapore to escape being captured by the Japanese when it fell.
The Seefelds moved into No.16 after the Feins'. They had escaped Hitler's persecution of Jews in Germany to England and then joined their sons in Singapore in 1939. Seefeld Snr continued his practice as a dentist here, but when WW II arrived on our shores, his family were rounded up along with other Germans and deported. Leaving in haste, the family left all their belongings, including a complete set of what was considered high-end dental equipment then and, furniture that he had brought with him from Germany. The dental set was later used by the Japanese military during their occupation. To the Seefeld familys' astonishment, the entire set was then shipped to them in Australia, intact, shortly after the war ended.
While the city was being bombarded with daily air raids which began in December 1941, the Adam Park estate was barely touched by the bombings. No.16 became home to the Morrisons after the Seefelds and a few other families had also taken refuge in the house after homes in the city were destroyed. It was a short lived refuge. On 31st January 1942, the Morrisons left their home to board a ship out of Singapore. Their ship, the Empress of Japan had docked 2 days earlier carrying British soldiers from the 18th Division. The Empress left Singapore with civilians escaping the war, and by the time it arrived at Liverpool, it had a new name, the Empress of Scotland.
As the city was besieged, allied troops retreated to Adam Park. House No.16 saw action in the battle between the 1st Battalion Cambridgeshires and the 41st Regiments of the Imperial Japanese Army at Adam Park on 13 February 1942, 2 days before the British was to surrender Singapore.
House No.12
Despite being one of the last residents to evacuate the estate, Philip Cooper Sands returned to his home at No.12 each day during the battle at Adam Park and gave vivid accounts of the bombardments surrounding the house in his diary, and letters to his wife who had left on the same ship the Morrisons were on.
Read more about their stories in 'The Residents of Adam Park' page 33 of 'Tigers in the Park'.
House No.20
A few metres down the hill from house No.16, a triple coil Dannert barbed wire fence had been erected in front of house No.20. While about 100 men from the 1st Battalion's D Company held on at houses No.13 and 14, C Company joined them late in the night on 13th February and set their positions at the remaining houses surrounding the defense line. To their dismay, they woke the next morning to find some 23 Japanese soldiers in house No.20. Apart from being exhausted from combat at MacRitchie the day before, the men at C Company were not aware that D Company had shifted their positions and unknowingly left house No.20 empty. A battle ensued between the new "neighbours"
Read more about the battle at house No.20, and how Corporal Pearson and Lieutenant Clift earned their medals from this battle in 'Adam Park: HQ, C and D Companies, 1st Battalion Cambridgeshires Regiment' and 'The West End of Adam Park Estate: C and D Company, 1st Battalion Cambridgeshires Regiment' from page 140 of 'Tigers in the Park'.
House No.17 – Regimental Aid Post (RAP)
Red Cross banners hung from the windows of house No.17 which became the Regimental Aid Post (RAP) for the 1st Battalion. It was the first medic point for injured soldiers before being transferred to a hospital in the city. By 15th February, the RAP was overwhelmed with Cambridgeshire casualties. The medics were working quickly to attend to every injured soldier brought in while some of those wounded but could still walk, helped out. Six medical ambulances had arrived that morning bringing some relief. But before they could be loaded and sent back to hospitals in the city, the vehicles were blown up, and the RAP was ruined. A British soldier had fired at a Japanese tank that was collecting their own wounded and in retaliation, the Japanese shot back. Rounds of bullets from their machine guns and tanks pierced through the walls of the house and the fuel tanks of the ambulances, setting them on fire. Everyone in the house scrambled out to the garden. Unbeknown to both sides, a ceasefire had already been called and received at No.7 to prepare for surrender.
Read Sergeant Len Baynes and Lance Corporal Cosford's account of the attack on the RAP in 'The Final Act', page 191 of 'Tigers in the Park'.
House No.7
House No.7 sits at the bottom of the hill on the eastern end of Adam Park along Adam Road. It was thought since it was located on the reverse slope, away from sight of the Japanese troops at Bukit Timah hill, No. 7 was most strategic to house the battalion's headquarters. The battalion held up at the estate for 3 days of battle. However, by the end of the fighting, the Japanese troops had managed to infiltrate the surrounding areas. The house was then in full view of the enemies and bombarded by Japanese artillery.
On the afternoon of 15th February, Lieutenant Colonel Carpenter who was in charge of the 1st Battalion sent a message to the 54th Infantry Brigade headquarters to explain about their dire situation and asked permission to move the battalion away from Adam Park. Minutes later, the message of the surrender arrived. It took Carpenter a few moments for the message to sink in before sending out the order to cease fire. It took more than an hour for the message to reach the units at the other end of the estate.
While the Cambridgeshires were stricken with the shame of defeat, General Arthur Percival was negotiating the terms of surrender with Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita at the Old Ford Factory.
Read 'The Final Act' from page 191 of 'Tigers in the Park'.
The Aftermath
The day after the surrender, the surviving Cambridgeshires were packed onto a tennis court at one of the houses. They dug a single latrine at the corner of the court. The stench from it, drove the Japanese soldiers farther away as days went by and the latrine trench overflowed when it rained. On 19th February, a week after the Cambridgeshires had arrived in Singapore, they marched to Changi Prison to join the rest of the POWs.
A month later, the fittest POWs were moved to Adam Park. It became a working camp for some 2000 Australian and 1000 British POWs from March 1942 to January 1943. They were chosen to help build a Shinto shrine at MacRitchie Reservoir. But the first thing they had to do was to repair the war torn estate and settle in. They organized the estate into barracks and life at the Adam Park camp was comfortable compared to Changi Prison camp. They got the electricity, even air conditioning and water heaters working and enjoyed proper sanitary and ventilation. They picked up some Japanese language from chatting with the guards. Work was not considered too hard and hours were not too long. It was no holiday camp but they were provided with ample rice to cook and bought bread rolls and sweets from the canteen at house No.11 with the little money they were paid from the 'Shrine Job'. And because the camp was not fenced up, some of the men would sneak out after the lights are out at 10pm to trade in the city for other sources of food.
Read 'Settling In', the 'Shrine Job' and 'Trade' from page 230 onwards of 'Tigers in the Park'.
House No.11 – The Prison Chapel
One of the major facilities set up by the POWs was the "mess hall" which also housed a chapel. It was the second POW chapel remaining in Singapore, the first being the St Luke's Chapel in Roberts Barracks which has been reproduced at Changi Museum. Captain Eric Andrews took on the role of a 'padre' to the men who sought spiritual guidance.
The house was badly damaged in battle. The chapel was on the second floor of the house, above the canteen. Because of the damage, the only access up the chapel was via the fire escape staircase at the back of house. Captain Andrews and a few volunteers repaired the remaining part of the room for the chapel and worked on designing the altar. It was plain and simple and they scavenged for materials they could find around the area – pieces of glass and transparent paper for the stained glass windows above the altar, yellow clay and Reckitt's Blue for paintings on the wall.
The altar cross was bought from the Mortuary Chapel at Alexandra Hospital. Mother Mary and a scroll with the Bible verse; "Lift up your heads, O ye Gates and the King of Glory shall Come in" were painted. However, Captain Andrews was not able to draw faces very well hence he cut the face of Dorothy Lamour from a magazine and fitted it over Mother Mary's. According to an account by Lieutenant Colonel Oakes, "Backlit from the outside the final image looked very impressive".
Jon's research into the whereabouts of the chapel murals even when he had evidence of drawings from Mitchell, drew a blank when he interviewed survivors. He finally confirmed the location, when he realised, the men were more familiar with No.11 as the mess hall and canteen rather than the chapel. He was asking the wrong question!
Read more 'The Prison Chapel' from page 290 of 'Tigers in the Park'
All 19 houses at Adam Park which belong to the government are intact after repairs and available for rent. Most of the houses have been fenced and gated for security and privacy. House No.7 previously tenanted by National University of Singapore Society (NUSS) Guild House is at present unoccupied. No.7 and No.11 together with a handful of others are awaiting for new tenants. Without live in tenants, the buildings tend to wear out faster. But it is prime rentals and the market is weak.
Jon Cooper hopes that the estate will be preserved and protected by authorities. He believes that it is a heritage site that still has much to offer in research, and a tangible reminder of the stories that he and his team has uncovered. And because of its historical significance, the site can still be kept as residences by promoting low impact heritage, such as the small groups he has been conducting walks for, which don't encroach on the privacy of residents and respect boundaries.
Jon Cooper started The Adam Park Project (TAPP), organising residents and recruiting volunteers to do archaeological work at the estate. Over 7 years, more than 1200 World War 2 artefacts have been dug up following 21 metal detector surveys and two excavations. The artefacts are now with the Iseas-Yusof Ishak Institute and Singapore History Consultants.
The artefacts and the stories behind some of the items, such as artillery shells, military badges, gas masks, and 19th century coins, have also been catalogued in TAPP's Virtual Museum: http://www.adamparkproject.com/virtual-museum/
Tigers in The Park
Jon's book is divided into four section, -section 1 covers civilian life in the estate before the war, 2, the battle at Adam Park, 3 POW life, and finally Adam Park, post war – comes with icons and QR codes leading to the Virtual Museum , a website which also allows visitors to comment and interact hence, allowing updates and amendments to the book to be made at real time.
Tigers in the Park can be purchased at larger bookstores and also online:
"We shall not cease from exploration
And the end of all our exploring
Will be to arrive where we started
And know the place for the first time.
Through the unknown, unremembered gate
When the last of earth left to discover
Is that which was the beginning."
(T S Eliot, "Little Gidding")
The gates of Bukit Brown are now "reunited" with the pillars in the new entrance to the cemetery.
Painted black – which was established to be a common outdoor colour for gates in the past – it looks like a very different pair of gates from five years back in 2011, but its form and substance, remains.
It will take some getting use to as we all come to grips with the vast changes to the landscape of memory markers that are now being undertaken. But in time, we hope when the dust has settled, and the mechanical cranes no longer dot the landscape, there is much the community can contribute to in restoring the sense of arrival, that once welcomed us into our past.
Until then here is look at the now and the before in photographs which speak to us poignantly of what was lost. A special thanks to Leong Kwok Peng of Nature Society whose facebook album I had raided for photos of the gates circa 2011/2013.
On 25 July 2016:
A postscript on the installation
The installation began on Monday 25th July and was anticipated to take 5 days but all went well and by Wednesday, it was in place and on Saturday 30 July, 2016, All Things Bukit Brown together with officers from the the National Heritage Board and Ministry of National Development had a viewing with a briefing from Fusionclad Precision which had undertaken restoration works over a more than 6 months.
A report on the restoration process is available here
Blog post compiled by Catherine Lim
A "Home" for the Earth Deities
Moved by "unseen" hands, the deities which used to be located at the former entrance of Bukit Brown Cemetery, were also moved when the pillars of the gates were relocated.
They now have a brand new shelter – we have been informed by a credible source – which was "upgraded" by Fusion Clad Precision (of their own initiative), the company commissioned by the National Heritage Board to restore the gates.
Photos captured by Brownie volunteers help document the "sheltering" of the deities which we believe are the efforts of a community who work behind the scenes.
The "upgrade" by Fusion Clad include the paint job and sensor lights, shelving and a dry place to store joss sticks and with even a lighter in place (although the last may have been placed there by others for convenience). The community who work at Bukit Brown have been observed by Brownies to pay respects before they start each construction work day as a mark of respect and request blessings for a "safe environment"
Shortlisted by the BBC (Beeb)
The news broke this morning and was headlined "The Outlook 15"
We are pleased to share breaking news that Raymond Goh has been shortlisted as the top 15 from among 50 inspiring individuals in their home countries nominated by listeners to "Outlook" – a weekly radio programme on the other BBC – The British Broadcasting Corporation aka The Beeb.
He sits in good company among indefatigable individuals who have survived against the odds and individuals who strive each day in challenging environments to make life a little better; from granting wishes to the terminally ill to being a voice for survivors of unspeakable tragedies; from Sierra Leone to our Singapore, where our nominee gives voice to the dead in order that our past has a future. The full report can be found here
The nomination was submitted at the end of April 2016 by A.J Leow.
In his submission to the BBC nominating Raymond Goh in under 200 words (the limit) he wrote:
The Bukit Brown Cemetery (BBC) was largely a forgotten site in urban Singapore until the government announced plans in 2011 to build an 8-lane highway across it and exhume for a start 4,000 graves. Raymond and his brother Charles then started to explore the site. They organized guided tours and were soon joined by more volunteers known as Brownies.
Raymond has since discovered more hidden tombs and linked many descendants to forgotten ancestors who include the real early pioneers who founded schools, banks, clan associations, public parks and lent their names to some 50 streets in Singapore. Besides his frequent sojourns to BBC in his trademark white towel and T-shirt, Raymond also combs newspaper, clan and other archives.
As a result of his research, the Brownies even got BBC listed on the World Monument list and was recognised as Advocacy Organisation of the Year 2014. Their efforts have inspired new heritage trails, award-nominated plays and new books — all thanks to our very own tomb whisperer (and Indiana Jones) who has inspired a revival of Singapore's own history.
The news that the submission was accepted came by way of a feature interview on the BBC World Service radio programme, Outlook "They call me Singapore's Tomb Whisperer" conducted at Bukit Brown with Raymond and his nominator. The recording can be found here
In sharing the news this morning that he had been shortlisted, Raymond posted on his FB page:
"From 50 to 15…..truly humbled and overwhelmed by this shortlist. I have all the Bukit Brown community volunteers and tombkeepers who have accompanied me on my journey for the past 10 years to thank. Without their encouragement, support and assistance, would not have walked so far. And of course my brother Charles, partnering me along the road …."
For more on the passion and dedication of Raymond and Charles in uncovering our lost heritage, read The Goh Brothers – A Decade of Exploring, a decade of Sharing
Our best wishes and congratulations to Raymond, as someone posted, onward to the final 3.
The Iconic Gates of Bukit Brown
Change is inevitable; Memories endure; The tangible is the gateway to the intangible.
The iconic gates of Bukit Brown which had stood in the same spot for some 90 years were removed on September 2015, and have been undergoing the delicate process of refurbishment since January 2016. It is expected to be relocated back in June 2016 and enjoined with the pillars which have already been relocated to the new entrance.
Members of All Things Bukit Brown and the Singapore Heritage Society as part of the working committee on Bukit Brown chaired by the Ministry of National Development were invited to a private viewing of the work in progress in March. The refurbishment is being undertaken by Fusion Clad Precision who were hired by the National Heritage Board.
According to a Straits Times report published on May 3, 2016 "Iconic Gates to Greet Visitors to Bukit Brown Cemetery Again" :
"The refurbishment, which started in January, has five core steps. Rust is first removed before coatings are applied to reduce future corrosion.
The gates' lock and latch components as well as lampholders are then repaired before missing parts are replaced. The last step is to reinforce the gates' structural integrity.
The team, comprising four master craftsmen and three other members, is at step two of the process.
Its managing director Teo Khiam Gee said the gates need a lot of attention as well as "the human touch".
"Skilful hands are important as the parts are in varying states of disrepair. Its original state was very fragile. It is like handling a baby," he said.
The structure is made up of parts, such as a pair of cast-iron gates through which cars used to pass, two side gates for pedestrians, and four free-standing square columns.
It was likely prefabricated in Britain and shipped to Singapore. Its square columns were cast on the spot."
The report adds:
"NHB's assistant chief executive of policy and community, Mr Alvin Tan, said retaining and refurbishing the gates are important as they "provide a sense of arrival to the cemetery and preserve a sense of continuity for visitors and interest groups".
The refurbishment is an initiative of a multi-agency work group chaired by the Ministry of National Development. It includes NHB, the Land Transport Authority (LTA), and civic organisations All Things Bukit Brown and the Singapore Heritage Society (SHS).
The effort is guided by conservation best practices shared by SHS. The heritage board also has its own in-house metals specialist, Mr Ian Tan, manager of the heritage research and assessment division.
When ready, the gates will be painted black – a common colour for outdoor use."
You can find is a step by step graphic representation provided by ST on the process here
NHB produced a short documentary on the removal of the gates and the relocation of the pillars which supports it:
We honour the memory of the gates in our recently launched book WWII@ Bukit Brown.
Launched! WW II@Bukit Brown
"In the end we will conserve only what we love; we will love
only what we understand; and we will understand only
what we are taught." (Baba Dioum, 1968.)
A quote by the Guest of Honour Senior Minister Desmond Lee (National Development and Home Affairs) in his address , captured aptly the journey of the Bukit Brown community leading to another milestone in what has been dubbed " a movement" with the launch on 16 April, 2016 of the book WWII@Bukit Brown – a collection of essays, poems and stories from the community of Brownies and descendants.
In his speech, Minister Lee recounted his first guided walk at Bukit Brown Cemetery with his constituents :
"During the visit three years ago, we learnt about the history and heritage of our pioneers from the stories shared by the Brownies.
Over the years, we have all been very impressed by the passion demonstrated by the Brownies, as they have contributed so much of their personal time, personal energy and expertise to research, document and share the history of Bukit Brown with the rest of us in Singapore.
They are an example of what the community can do to connect with, and to celebrate our history. But if we reflect on it, although Bukit Brown is a cemetery, their work is so much more than just about the past. It is also very much about our future.
The research that the Brownies did led descendants to approach them for help to identify their ancestors' resting places, and from there, an opportunity to open up conversations about their personal and family stories, which they then shared for the benefit of posterity.
I understand that some of the descendants are here. Some of your stories and stories of your forefathers have made their way into this book. This book is a testament to the hard work and effort the Brownies had invested over the years."
We were also honoured to have descendants among the contributors to the book grace the launch and they included the descendants of Tay Koh Yat, Tan Ean Kiam, Cho Kim Leong and Tan Kim Cheng.
It was an occasion for connections and re-connections.
Jon, captivated the audience at the launch with his stories of the descendants and survivors of POW camps he had met in the course of his research (photos of Jon's presentation by Lawrence Chong)
And finally a pictorial thanks to our sponsors in no particular order :
And as previously mentioned Tan Ean Kiam Foundation is one of the sponsors.
You can support funds for the book by purchasing a copy or more here
If you would like to bulk purchase books to donate to community organisations, drop us an email email@example.com
And here's a reminder of "who" this is all about:
To everyone who came, out heartfelt gratitude. To our official photographers, Lawrence Chong and Carolyn, thank you.
Look out for more stories about the launch and updates about the book in the blog under History : Books
Co Publishers:
Ethos Books and Singapore Heritage Society
WWII @ Bukit Brown: Book Launch
Update: Snr Minister of State Desmond Lee (MND, MHA) will be the guest of honour and present books in appreciation to contributors after his address.
****Please note change in programme and we appreciate punctuality in attendance. Audience to be seated in Auditorium by 2.55pm.
Dress code: Casual
Saturday 9 April 2.30pm – 5.30 pm @ The URA Centre, 5th Floor Auditorium. 45 Maxwell Road, 069118.
Please register here: http://peatix.com/event/159461
2.30pm : Registration
3pm to 4 pm: Launch Programme:
Welcome Address: Editors
Presentation by Jon Cooper, War Archeologist : Stories Behind Battle at Cemetery Hill and The Adam Park Project
Slide Presentation of WWII @ Bukit Brown
Minister Desmond Lee Address, followed by Presentation of Book to Contributors and Sponsors
4pm-4.30 pm: Refreshments
4.35 pm – 5.45 pm Presentations on Panel Discussion
"The Role of Community Engagement — Shared Experiences"
Dr Chua Ai Lin, president Singapore Heritage Society : The Multiple Spaces of Bukit Brown (based on a paper with Dr Terence Chong)
Kok Heng Leun : "Socially-Engaged Art: Bukit Brown" – Key Note address by the Artistic Director of Drama Box and recently-appointed Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP). At the 2015 Singapore International Arts Festival, Heng Leun conceptualised an ambitious triple-bill production on Bukit Brown and the contestation over land use entitled 'It Won't Be Too Long'. In particular, the part called 'The Lesson' was a forum theatre piece around the construction of a fictional MRT station, and was performed in Drama Box's inflatable Goli Theatre to audiences in Toa Payoh Central. 'It Won't Be Too Long' received rave reviews and was one of ST Life's Best Theatre productions of the year.
Following Heng Leun's presentation, Chua Ai Lin and Jon Cooper will each respond briefly before the discussion is opened to the floor."
Moderator: Assoc Prof Darren Koh, Head -Master of Taxation Programme, School of Law, UniSIM. Special interests, Chinese cemetery practices and culture
5.45 pm: Ends
The Singapore Heritage Society (SHS) and Ethos Books with All Things Bukit Brown (atBB) will launch WWII @ Bukit Brown on Saturday April 9, 2016 – a collection of stories, essays and poems which looks at the Japanese Occupation in the Second World War (1942-1945) and the impact on Singapore from the perspective of those interred at Bukit Brown Cemetery.
The highlight of the book is stories shared by descendants from family oral archives and albums of their ancestors who survived or perished in the darkest chapters of Singapore's history.
Bukit Brown remains the largest cemetery in Singapore for the war dead in situ, and buried with them are many untold stories of bravery, resilience, tragedy, survival and amid the darkness, hope. The book offers new material and insights into the human tragedy of war as an act of commemoration, adding another layer to the already vast literature on WWII in Singapore.
"The stories have taken us to the Endau Settlement in Johor, to Taiping (Malaysia) and to the battlefields of Europe in ways so unexpected they took our breath away," said Claire Leow and Catherine Lim, the co editors of the book. "It is a slow and at times painful unraveling of family history, lost in memory but for the persistence of descendants. It has taken seven decades for some of these fragments to be pulled together, and we see this not as a one-off book but a first step in the difficult journey of "re-discovery" and "re-membering". The narratives also re-affirm to us Singapore's place in regional and global historical narratives. We hope it serves as a curtain raiser to 2017, the 75th Anniversary of the Fall of Singapore. "
The stories are nested around essays – which provide context and background – written by the community of volunteers, who have come to be known as brownies under the banner of All Things Bukit Brown. They are neither historians nor academics but the editorial team conduct regular guided walks on site which in themselves are learning journeys as they expand on their body of knowledge from engaging with descendants and a myriad web of networks including academics and historians.
"Bukit Brown has unexpectedly turned out to be a touchstone about the loss of heritage – tangible and intangible – in a Singapore eager to modernise and develop," Chua Ai Lin, President of SHS. "The book is an important evolution of the civil society movement to uphold Bukit Brown as a site of national significance, and illuminates one of its more fragile narrative threads. It brings together at once the strategic and personal importance of the site, and SHS is pleased to once again support All Things Bukit Brown, which has evolved from a volunteer base guiding weekly public tours and regular customised tours, to hosting exhibitions and participating in arts programmes to reach as broad a support base as possible to save what is left of the site."
The book has been made possible with a grant from National Heritage Board and the help of generous contributions to the Singapore Heritage Society from its members and other well wishers.
The Editorial Team behind WWII@Bukit Brown, acknowledges in gratitude the support and encouragement of a community too many to name, and in recognition of this support have gifted the copyright for the book to the Singapore Heritage Society for the work they have done in heritage education and advocacy and Ethos Books for their support of home grown writing.
Singapore Heritage Society (SHS) was founded in 1987 and is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation and registered charity with Institution of Public Character (IPC) status. It Singapore's leading organization dedicated to research, education and advocacy on Singapore's history, heritage and identity. SHS is behind many significant publications on Singapore history including Syonan: Singapore under the Japanese, 1942-1945 (1992); Memories and the National Library: Between Forgetting and Remembering (2000); Spaces of the Dead: A Case from the Living (2011).
The Ethos Books imprint was founded in 1997 by Pagesetters Services Pte Ltd. The imprint focuses on publishing works by Singapore writers. The main genres are poetry, literary fiction, creative non-fiction, memoirs, and Heritage books. It has worked with the SHS before in jointly publishing "Spaces of the Dead. A Case from the Living". Other heritage books published include "Faith in Architecture"; "Teo Eng Seng: Art and Thoughts"; "Memoirs of a Migrant"; and "The Politics of Defeat".
All Things Bukit Brown (atBB) is the banner for a community of volunteers who conduct independent research and guided walks on Bukit Brown Cemetery. Since they came together as a community in 2012, they have collectively organised public talks with partners such as the NUS Museum and Chui Huay Lim Club, two exhibitions and successfully nominated Bukit Brown Cemetery as the first site in Singapore to be placed on the World Monuments Fund Watch list 2014-2016. Claire Leow and Catherine Lim, co-founders of the blog, bukitbrown.com, are the editors for the book, backed by a volunteer editorial team from within the community.
We are grateful to the Urban Redevelopment Authority URA for sponsorship of venue for the launch.
It's the end of another weekend and rarely a weekend passes when Raymond Goh aka "Tomb Whisperer" is not to be found doing ground exploration and research at Bukit Brown, nowadays often with tombkeeper Soh who helps him bush bash and lends his knowledge of the grounds he grew up in.
Today's sharing on his "finds" on the Heritage Singapore Bukit Brown FB group included a tomb "gift wrapped" in Peranakan tiles, a newly refurbished tomb ( more signs that descendants are returning) , a tomb with a story to be unraveled, and a tomb bearing 中華民國 – Republic Of China.
Unusually Raymond was also at Bukit Brown this Saturday (he splits weekend days between his family and his passion ) to meet an independent researcher who hopes to write an article on a prominent pioneer whose tomb Raymond had found much earlier and wanted to tap his knowledge
Then I learned that much earlier in the week, Raymond got up at 4 am one weekday morning so he could help facilitate a fervent request by an international documentary crew to film an exhumation at Bukit Brown. Exhumations are private family affairs and it was indeed a testimony to Raymond's reputation for sensitivity and discretion in such matters that he was able to persuade family to allow for the filming and be interviewed.
All in a weeks work you could say for Raymond who has to juggle his passion with his career heading a multi- national healthcare company which finds him traveling on average once a month on business trips.
It is a passion which can be traced back a decade when he teamed up at the instigation of his younger brother Charles – who heads workplace safety and health at a Japanese firm – to explore and uncover the "lost heritage and history of Singapore". The siblings have more than a blood bond, as they leverage on each other's strengths. It was Raymond's interest in Chinese and regional culture and history which Charles' sought to complement his own skills in map-reading and understanding of title deeds and ownership.
Their decade of exploration and what they have uncovered including the community which has rallied around them was documented recently in a feature called Life Extraordinare
The Goh brothers intrepid exploration of forgotten places – more often than not sited in thick forested areas – paired with their investigative work trawling the archives for maps and records, have helped Singaporeans connect to their past, and sparked personal journeys into the search for their roots for a new generation of Singaporeans.
The discovery of the grave of Singapore's foremost Teochew pioneer Seah Eu Chin (1805-1883) by the Goh brothers in November 2012 is an exemplar of their commitment and passion, one with wider resonance in 2015.
In 2011, prompted by a request from a descendant of Seah who went to school with Raymond, they found a Straits Times obituary (1883) that described Seah Eu Chin's funeral procession, from his home in North Boat Quay to his plantation in Thomson Road, about 4.8km away from town. From the description of the funeral procession, Charles extrapolated the approximate location from a 1924 map. But to confirm whether it was indeed the grave of Seah Eu Chin, what was needed was an understanding of the Chinese practice whereby family members of the same generation used the same characters in their names. And that was where Raymond's interest in Chinese culture and tradition came to the fore.
"Knowing the generation name, which was certified in an imperial edict he found, helped him confirm that the grave he found on Grave Hill belonged to Seah Eu Chin". ST Nov 28, 2012, Teochew pioneer's grave found in Toa Payoh
Of the discovery, Dr Hui Yew-Foong, an anthropologist at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and the appointed documentarian of Bukit Brown Cemetery commented, "This grave is of the same level of historical significance as the graves of Tan Tock Seng and Tan Kim Ching, and therefore serves as an invaluable part of Singapore's heritage."
For the Goh brothers it was mission accomplished. For the Seah clan, it was the beginning of the unravelling of familial connections lost after the devastation of World War II. Before the war, the 2,000-strong family of descendants spanning at least five generations had gathered regularly. The 130th anniversary of Seah Eu Chin's death was marked at his grave site in 2013 a year later by descendants and members of the two Teochew Clan Associations he help found, the Po Ip Huay Kuan and Ngee Ann Kongsi.
For Sean Seah 39, a 6th generation descendant of Seah Eu Chin who took part in the memorial prayers, it was followed by a journey tracing the steps of personal history when he made a trip back to the ancestral home and villa of Seah Eu Chin in Yuepu village, Chaozhou province in 2014 which he documented in this video. https://vimeo.com/95650452
"When I was young, my father used to tell me stories about Seah Eu Chin. when I went to school, I learnt more about him, but many questions still lingered. When I gazed upon and touched the tomb of Seah Eu Chin, I felt a a tangible visceral connection to my roots and moved to embark on a quest for these questions to be answered, and so to the Goh brothers, I am grateful" – Sean Seah (personal communication)
Intrigued by this unearthing of history, in November 2015, the Goh brothers revealed the significance of two stone markers they found in MacRitchie area. One was inscribed with the words "Dare" in English and the other "Seah Chin Hin" in Chinese for Mr Seah's plantation, as well as the stone and brick foundations of Mr Dare's former home. "Dare" was George Mildmay Dare a former secretary of the Singapore Cricket Club. The two stone markers are discoveries which tell the complementary stories of the land, of our colonial past and our migrant pioneers.
The Goh brothers cache lie in ignominious stones, the kind you trip upon when taking a road less travelled but when examined closer becomes a doorway to our historical landmarks.
The curiosity as well as the passion for our history drives them to search on the ground as well as delve into archives for supporting evidence or clues. Charles was exploring the old forested area near Macalister Road when he stumbled upon a wall in the grounds of the Singapore General Hospital in September 2014. The National Heritage Board was alerted to its discovery by the Goh brothers and through further research, found that the remnants belonged to the New Lunatic Asylum which 128 years ago was revolutionary for its time, a period when strait jackets was more the norm. The perimeter wall was to allow patients to move about freely under protection. Within the grounds of the SGH carpark, which was undergoing development in 2014, was also the remnants of a burial site belonging to a Chua clan dating back to the 1860s, occupying a private strip of land then sandwiched between Tiong Bahru (New Cemetery) and Tiong Lama (Old Cemetery) that would have been referred to as Seh Chua Sua (Chua Hill) On a visit to the site led by Raymond and Charles organised by the Tiong Bahru heritage group earlier this year , participants found four gravestones cordoned off for protection in the midst of the construction site.
2015 is a significant year for the Goh brothers as it marks a decade of exploration of Bukit Brown Cemetery and the adjoining cemeteries which have become an important memory marker for Singaporeans.
It is what the Goh brothers have become most known for in the public consciousness, ironically because of the unexpected controversy which erupted in 2011 when the government revealed plans to build an 8 -lane highway across the last remaining Chinese cemetery, one with a history dating back to the 1800s. The Goh brothers had started to explore Bukit Brown as early as 2005, and uncovered the tombs of pioneers such as Cheang Hong Lim, Tan Keong Saik, Khoo Siok Wan, Seah Imm, Tan Ean Kiam, Chew Boon Lay, Chew Joo Chiat, Tan Kheam Hock – more than 30 pioneers to date whose names are immortalised in our streetscape.
By 2011, they had the best working knowledge on the ground of Bukit Brown which had closed in 1973 – the final resting place of an estimated 100,000 pioneers and whose terrain had become overgrown, the kind of challenging landscape the Goh brothers relished.
As descendants' awareness of their familial obligations to claim and exhume their forebears grew, it was to the Goh brothers that they turned to unravel the clues to locate ancestors' graves or other related information lost to time. Others, their interest piqued by the circumstances, started to trace if they had ancestors buried there, leading to even more leads to chase.
Many who requested help from the Goh brothers to trace their ancestors even mistook Raymond as being employed by Land Transport Authority to help them verify whether the graves of their ancestors would be affected by the highway. Both brothers were members of the Advisory Council on the Bukit Brown Documentation Project, a committee set up by the government in recognition of the heritage and historical value the cemetery. It was made up of stakeholders who could advise on documentation of the approximately 4000 graves which had to be exhumed to make way for the highway. Nonetheless, their endeavours were beyond the remit of the advisory council, and testament to the true value of the Goh brothers to the broader community.
It was this broader interest in helping descendants seek their ancestors, regardless if they were affected by the highway, that resonated with ordinary Singaporeans and residents.
Besides Seah Eu Chin, early clues in Bukit Brown also led to the discovery of Chia Ann Siang, who was not buried there. The discovery of Chia Ann Siang's grave in a forested hilllock off Malcolm Road, also led to reunions and connections. Alphonsus Sng, 6th generation Chia Ann Siang writes,
" We were told growing up we were descendants of Chia Ann Siang on my mother's side, but it was not until his grave was discovered by the Goh brothers, that we could confirm, from the names of his sons etched on his grave we were in fact descendants from his 3rd son Beng Chiang, who was my great grandfather on my maternal side. The reunion at the grave was a first in meeting cousins we never knew existed of my generation, descended directly from Chia Ann Siang. We have since kept in touch, exploring our shared ancestry together" – Alphonsus Sng (personal communication)
Raymond Goh estimates that he has helped to connect about 50 families whose roots are in Bukit Brown. But the Goh brothers' contribution in a body of work that spans a decade is exponential.
Leveraging on their research, a community of volunteers came together in 2012 almost spontaneously and started conducting regular public walks in Bukit Brown to instill awareness on its intrinsic heritage and history, some later expanding on the research of the Goh brothers to conduct their own independent research. They became collectively known as the "Brownies" – a motley group from different professional backgrounds from lawyers to engineers, of different faiths, different ethnicity including a Sikh and a Catholic Indian. The youngest is below 30 of age the oldest, above 60. For them Bukit Brown has taken them to places outside of Bukit Brown and indeed out of Singapore to explore the history and heritage of our migrant roots, our diaspora. A handful have also joined the ranks of Raymond and Charles in helping to connect descendants with ancestors.
"2015, Singapore's Jubilee, was a year to take stock of where we are heading, and where we came from. In this connection, very few ordinary Singaporeans can claim to have played as significant a role in helping us appreciate our past. Raymond and Charles Goh are arguably pioneers in their own right in exploring and sharing with the public the significance of cemeteries, particularly, Bukit Brown in linking the dots between the past and the present, the departed and those living
On a personal note, I have had the pleasure to be a former classmate of Raymond and we are both alumni of Gan Eng Seng. I was moved by the tour of Bukit Brown conducted by Raymond which culminated in homage paid at the tomb of our school's founder. This reminded me of the Raymond Goh I remembered when he was a boy, a classmate with an enquiring mind, a strong sense of curiosity, who excelled in the sciences. I am proud that he has applied these skills in his Bukit Brown related pursuits, for he is an excellent detective and investigator of the past." Khir Johari, Singapore Heritage Society, SHS Vice President (personal communication)
The Goh brother's decade-long track record, and an undaunted and persevering spirit to a cause despite a lack of early support have been self-less. They have willingly shared their knowledge and skills and created space for other like-minded persons to follow in their very large footsteps. They have inspired other volunteers, but also a broader public, which has opened their eyes to alternative histories and an independent route of inquiry.
In the words of a recent reflection by journalist Lisabel Ting in the last week of 2015.
"Like a salmon swimming upstream, I think all humans have an innate desire to return to where we came from and to site ourselves in the continuum of history by knowing what has come before. …..This urge to return to our source may be particularly compelling for Singaporeans, especially the many of us who are culturally adrift and loosely moored to this island only by the strength of several generations.For the majority of us, whose parents and grandparents hail from countries across the ocean, our kin are scattered around the world, and may be culturally and linguistically distinct.Having a family tree on which to hang our heritage could, in an impalpable sense, provide a sense of deep-rooted belonging or affiliation which is sometimes missing here." ST 29 December 2015 " My surreal connection to my ancestral home"
Today 24 January, 2016, I came across another reflection which resonated " We cannot protect what we do not know" and the Goh brothers have shared what they know and will continue to explore and unravel so we can also also embark on our personal journeys to learn.
"We cannot protect what we do not know"
Guided Walks: Info
Dear Visitors,
Information on our regular free guided weekend walks and public holidays under All Things Bukit Brown and registration is recommended is now available on Peatix. Please click on this link to register.
The guided walks usually begin at 9am and end at 12 pm, although there are sometimes walks in the afternoons from 4pm to 6.30pm and night walks. They are organised based on the availability of volunteers with the exception of the first weekend of every month, where there are guided walks available on a Saturday morning and Sunday afternoon, should you want to plan ahead.
The Battlefield Guided Walk conducted by Jon Cooper is available every last Sunday of the month.
Please take note of the new access routes and meeting points and check where the meeting point for your guided walks is on the event page.
If you are interested in organising a private guided walk for a minimum of 15 pax, please email firstname.lastname@example.com. As we all volunteers, weekends are easier to arrange then weekdays, weekdays means volunteers will need to take time of from work.
Useful information on guided walks and Directions to Bukit Brown
Our guided walks about two and half hours to three hours duration
Brownie Code: We guide rain or shine.
Please take note:
1. We will be walking through the undergrowth so dress appropriately, especially your footwear.
2. Wear light breathable clothing. Long pants and long sleeves if you are prone to insect bites or sunburn. Bring sunblock and natural insect repellent.
3. Wear comfortable non-slip shoes as safety is important. Walking sticks are recommended.
4. Do read up on Bukit Brown before going so you have a better understanding of the place
5. Do bring water, light snacks, poncho/umbrella, sunhat and waterproof your electronics.
6. Please go to the toilet before coming. There are NO facilities anywhere there or nearby.
How to get there by MRT / Bus:
Bus services available: 52, 74, 93, 157, 165, 852, 855.
From North: Go to Marymount MRT and walk to bus-stop #53019 along Upper Thomson Road. Take Buses 52, 74, 165, 852, 855
Alight 6 stops later at bus-stop, #41149, opposite Singapore Island Country Club (SICC), Adam Road. Walk towards Sime Road in the direction of Kheam Hock Road until you see Lorong Halwa.
From South: Go to Farrer Road MRT and walk to bus-stop #11111 at Farrer Road, in front of Blocks 2 & 3. Take Buses 93, 165, 852, 855. Alight 5 stops later at bus-stop, #41141, just before Singapore Island Country Club (SICC), Adam Road. Cross the bridge, walk towards Sime Road, follow the road until you see Lorong Halwa.
By car:
Turn in from Lornie Road, to Sime Road. Then, turn left into Lorong Halwa, where parking is limited. Try to use public transport to get there.
[Singapore] — Oct 3rd 2015 — An mobile application to discover sites of Sikh Heritage in Singapore is now available for iOS devices. This interactive medium has been created and launched by brownies Ishvinder Singh and Vithya Subramaniam, with funding support from the National Heritage Board's Participation Grant. This mobile app is for those interested in exploring Singapore's rich urban history in a new interactive and situated way, where one may revisit sites throughout the island while retracing the movements and lives of Singapore's Sikh community.
Current trails feature the Sikh Guards of Bukit Brown Cemetery, and the Sepoy Lines of Outram. Whether the user follows these trails by foot or thumb, the app brings to life these sites through accessibly told histories and by situating them within a network of narratives that underscore the connections and nuances between spaces. Users are also encouraged to share their stories and memories of these sites towards building a collective archive of the Sikh community in Singapore (and later, Malaysia). This initial release will include the trails and sites within Singapore, with sites in Malaysia and other avenues for greater community interaction forthcoming. The android version is set to be released in March 2016.
App: https://itunes.apple.com/app/id1038693610
Web: www.sikhheritagetrail.com
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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So I bought 2 hpt today. I was planning on taking first thing in the morning. But I really had to pee and thought what the heck, I'll still have one more?! Mind you, I'm about 10 dpo and it was at 6pm after drinking 2 glasses of water, so I know that I really should have waited, especially since it was a cheap walmart brand.
I'll take the other one first thing in the AM. Hoping to confirm with a BFP!

subset: commoncrawl


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"My brother comes running outside and goes, 'Tyler you just got drafted!" said Willman. "I was like, 'yeah, right.'"
Willman was picked in the 12th round of the Draft, 372nd overall, by the Oakland Athletics after completing his junior season pitching at Western Illinois University.
"It's been crazy," said Willman. "This has been a dream of mine since I can remember. It's a very surreal feeling."
With a senior season left to possibly play, Willman could turn down the chance to join the A's, return to school and hope to improve his draft stock next year; but he's leaning towards going pro.
"If contract negotiations work out, I'm dead-set on going [to join the Athletics organization]," said Willman. "It's been my dream and I feel like I'm mentally and physically ready to play at the next level."
The 6'6, 190 pound righty was named First Team All-Summit League in 2014, coming in fourth in the conference with 63 strike outs over his team-best 83.2 innings pitched. The former Oshkosh West Wildcat says there has been an outpouring of support since he was picked from former teammates, friends and family.
""I was at like 2% battery [on my phone]," said Willman.
Willman was the third person who played high school baseball in Wisconsin picked this year, following Alex McRae (New Berlin Eisenhower/Jacksonville University) to the Pirates in the 10th round and Jameson Henning (Janesville Craig/Western Illinois) to the Giants in the 12th round.


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Friends!??! How many of us have them? Are you a genuine friend? Are you experiencing some unknown tension in a friendship? If you answered YES to any of these questions, you are not alone. 485 more words
Tags » Life Development » Page 2
The Beginning...
Firstly, I'm not good with introductions but here it goes.
I'm James, a 20 year old male currently working a dead-end job and not really living life to the fullest. 195 more words


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BOND VOTE: Tuesday, October 25, 2016
Effective July 1st, all outside callers will be required to use the new telephone numbers in order to reach your child's school or any district staff member.
Each week, a video was made with staff lip syncing and dancing that was shown in every classroom.
Student Groups Receive 1 Silver, 6 Gold, and 7 Gold with Distinction Awards
In preparing our students for an ever-changing and complex global society, we must emphasize an instructional model that empowers them to become self-advocates for their own learning.
9:00 AM - 12:00 PM FYC Cultural Arts Registration @ WP
9:15 AM - 11:00 PM JV FB @ Syosset
10:00 AM - 1:00 PM FYC Swim Registration @ HS Pool
1:00 PM - 2:00 PM FYC Splash Registration @ HS Pool
2:30 PM - 3:30 PM Online College Application Workshop for HS Seniors - Computer Lab
7:00 PM PTA Council Meeting @ HMS
7:30 AM - 2:05 PM FHS Blood Drive - South Gym
1:00 PM - 4:00 PM Senior Citizens Meeting @ Library


text:
I can't understand why anyone would bash a stock that is in trouble...? unless it isn'tI have never seen a stock bashed that is truly crap.NBG is a great buy below $3- you don't make money when NBG is at its high.never follow the crowd. buy it and forget about it.
The hard part is actually to not think about it once you have bought it. It would be nice to be able to turn that brain area off.
I personally think a strong move down from here would be good now. The stock has been crushed, but I think many of us longs are now waiting for a good sizable monster drop so we can average down.It looks like we will get much lower share prices.


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Randy Kauth's Profile
I enjoy sales,auctions,garage,estate,internet or flea markets they all work. I started in retail,my father had a hardware store,then went into carpentry and with the economy I have now gone back to selling.I will provide the best service that I can,I like to please and am willing to go the extra mile to make you a satisfied cutomer. Thank you
- Male
- Born on June 14
- Joined January 30, 2010
Favorite materials
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Pupils 'abseiled naked as teachers watched' in latest saga to hit boarding school behind 'Lord of the Flies' abuse claims
- Three male pupils 'abseiled naked' on Stanbridge Earls School trip to Oban
- Police investigation was already underway into separate sex abuse claims
- Special needs school announced it will close in December after allegations
- One mother compared behaviour at school to novel Lord of the Flies
- Tribunal found pupil suffered 'appalling abuse' at hands of another student
Closure: Stanbridge Earls School has announced it will close in December and another school is due to take over the site
Pupils at a school which is the focus of 'Lord of the Flies' abuse claims abseiled naked while teachers watched, it has been reported.
Stanbridge Earls School, which is currently embroiled in a police investigation into alleged sexual abuse of pupils, announced yesterday it will close in December and another school has been lined up to take over the site.
But today it was revealed that Ofsted inspectors carrying out emergency visits to the school were told three male pupils had been naked during a school trip to the Rua Fiola Island Exploration Centre in Oban.
Inspectors heard two female members of staff watched while the boys abseiled and allegedly took photographs of them during the May half-term trip.
The incident has been reported to police by the special needs school's headteacher Maggie McMurray, the Sunday Times reported.
The Department for Education confirmed the county council and police were investigating the situation at the school, where a 15-year-old girl was sexually abused by fellow pupils.
A spokesman said: 'We have just received advice from Ofsted following an inspection that took place last week.
'Ministers are studying that advice and will announce their decisions about regulatory action very soon. It would be wrong to take any decisions until we have studied their findings, but all options remain open.'
The Charity Commission, the independent regulator of charities in England and Wales, has opened a
statutory inquiry into Stanbridge Earls School.
A spokesman for the adventure centre told MailOnline that it had 'an unblemished record' for child protection in the 38 years it had been run as a family business.
'Considering the special needs nature of the school, our on-site instructor was looking for a lead from the two female members of the teaching staff who were present throughout this incident,' he added.
'While neither intervened, he saw his primary concern as being for the boys' health and safety during the climb.
'This was an awkward and very regrettable incident but there was certainly no harm done to the children.
'This was an awkward and very regrettable incident but there was certainly no harm done to the children.'
- Spokesman for the Rua Fiola Island Exploration Centre in Oban
'We have however contacted the police about the incident to offer our full support on any follow up inquiries.
'We are also further clarifying our existing guidelines for our staff to ensure intervening action is taken should we ever see a repeat of an incident like this in future.'
On Friday Mrs McMurray wrote to parents announcing Stanbridge Earls' planned closure.
She said the school, in Hampshire, had 'for some considerable time now been experiencing many difficulties... most of which are a legacy of past events'.
She said the school had seen a drop in numbers after a number of local authorities stopped placing pupils at the school, leading it into financial difficulties.
Ofsted was due to report on its findings following an 'unannounced inspection' last week, according to investigative news website Exaro.
The school's announcement comes as a major police investigation continues into allegations that a 15-year-old girl was raped and a 12-year-old girl stripped and sexually assaulted by male pupils.
Detectives are also investigating if the school perverted the course of justice, amid claims pupils were ordered not to report incidents to anyone outside the school.
The mother of the 15-year-old has compared behaviour at the school to the classic novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, in which children stranded on an island without adults torment each other with savage cruelty.
'Financial difficulties': The headteacher said it had seen a drop in numbers after a number of local authorities stopped placing pupils there
Earlier this year a tribunal ruled that the school had discriminated against a pupil, who suffered 'appalling abuse' at the hands of another student.
It found a number of staff members
failed to tell the youngster's parents that she had complained of pain
in an intimate part of her body.
And it said the school had been 'unsystematic, unprofessional, ad hoc and completely inadequate' when it came to protecting her.
The Special Educational Needs and
Disability Tribunal awarded the girl's family £85,000 after ruling the
school failed to respond properly to her allegations of sexual abuse by
other boys at the school.
The tribunal was damning of the school's then head teacher Peter Trythall, saying he 'failed to recognise that non-consensual sex is actually rape.'
Mr Trythall stepped down from his role in April this year and was replaced by Mrs McMurray.
Stanbridge Earls is an independent special school for 190 children with learning difficulties. It takes boarders aged 10 to 19, and charges between £25,000 and £39,000 a year.
One parent told Exaro: 'I hope that lessons can truly be learnt. We are delighted, although saddened, at the school's closure.'
The new school is due to be a sister establishment to Gard'ner Memorial's More House School, in Surrey.
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text:
Thanks to all those people who have offered advice to me in relation to my new Canon 20D and operation. As previously mentioned I purchased the 20D and Canon EF70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM for Aviation (Air Show) photography. I'm off to NAS Oceana in Sept from home here in Australia. I want to maximize my opportunity to photograph the "Tomcat" before its withdrawal from service. I found that at the NAS Oceana 2004 show my Nikon 70-200 mm was just a little short on "legs" even given the 1.6 digital factor.
I have also purchased a Canon EF 2 X II Extender with the Canon kit mentioned above. My query is will I lose image quality if I go for the 70-200mm f/2.8 and 2 X Extender over say lashing out and purchasing a EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM. Which of the 2 scenarios will give me the best results given that I will be shooting some very fast military jets.
Thanks in advance to those who are going to offer advice
Alan Crane


text:
Home > Eyeglasses > TRUSSARDI > TR12501 (BK)
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5 tips for keeping students engaged and interested in class!
"I found in my first two years that the REAL work for me was keeping the students quiet." Keeping students involved and asking questions is the best way to keep them actively listening.
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$27.19From his musical beginnings as a piano player in gambling houses and society cafés, Louis Horst (1884-1964) became one of the chief architects of modern dance in the twentieth century. How a musician untrained in dance came to make such a mark is told here for the first time in rich detail. At the center of this story is Horst's relationship with Martha Graham, who was his intimate for decades. "I
Martha Hill and the Making of American DanceMartha Hill (1900–1995) was one of the most influential figures of twentieth century American dance. Her vision and leadership helped to establish dance as a serious area of study at the university level and solidify its position as a legitimate art form. Setting Hill's story in the context of American postwar culture and women's changing status, this riveting biography shows us how Hill led her
Langston Hughes - Biography of an American PoetThere were several key figures operating in the 1940s and 1950s leading to the evolution and revolution of the African-American ideologies, which culminated to the African-American Civil Rights Movement in 1955. Prominent figures of the movement were Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. Prior to that and on the same spectrum of the African-American rights' revival was the Harlem
Founding Visions for a New American ArtAn Ideal Theater is a wide-ranging, inspiring documentary history of the American theatre movement as told by the visionaries who goaded it into being. This anthology collects over forty essays, manifestos, letters and speeches that are each introduced and placed in historical context by the noted writer and arts commentator, Todd London, who spent nearly a decade assembling this collection. This
$15.99Winner of the The Marfield Prize / National Award for Arts Writing (2011)Dancer Janet Collins, born in New Orleans in 1917 and raised in Los Angeles, soared high over the color line as the first African-American prima ballerina at the Metropolitan Opera. Night's Dancer chronicles the life of this extraordinary and elusive woman, who became a unique concert dance soloist as well as a black
The Cambridge Companion to the MusicalTracing the development of the musical on both Broadway and in London's West End, this updated Companion continues to provide a broad and thorough overview of one of the liveliest and most popular forms of musical performance. Ordered chronologically, essays cover from the American musical of the nineteenth century through to the most recent productions, and the book also includes key information
Gertrude Stein, Virgil Thomson, and the Mainstreaming of American ModernismPerhaps the oddest and most influential collaboration in the history of American modernism was hatched in 1926, when a young Virgil Thomson knocked on Gertrude Stein's door in Paris. Eight years later, their opera Four Saints in Three Acts became a sensation--the longest-running opera in Broadway history to date and the most widely reported cultural event of its time. Four Saints was
Artie Shaw 147 Success Facts - Everything you need to know about Artie ShawA Testament To Artie Shaw. This book is your ultimate resource for Artie Shaw. Here you will find the most up-to-date 147 Success Facts, Information, and much more.In easy to read chapters, with extensive references and links to get you to know all there is to know about Artie Shaw's Early life, Career and Personal life right away. A quick look inside: Mel Tormé - Filmography, Ava Gardner -
Mario Lanza 152 Success Facts - Everything you need to know about Mario LanzaA source of Mario Lanza inspiration. 'Mario Lanza' (born 'Alfred Arnold Cocozza'; January 31, 1921– October 7, 1959) was an American tenor, performer, and Hollywood film star of the belated 1940s and the 1950s. This book is your ultimate resource for Mario Lanza. Here you will find the most up-to-date 152 Success Facts, Information, and much more.In easy to read chapters, with extensive references
The Secret Life and Serious Art of Patricia HighsmithPatricia Highsmith's The Price of Salt is now a major motion picture (Carol) starring Cate Blanchett and Mia Wasikowska, directed by Todd HayesPatricia Highsmith, one of the great writers of 20th Century American fiction, had a life as darkly compelling as that of her favorite "hero-criminal," talented Tom Ripley. In this revolutionary biography, Joan Schenkar paints a riveting portrait, from
The biography that inspired the critically-acclaimed filmFlorence Foster Jenkins was the most famous, though untalented, soprano in twentieth century America. Her extraordinary story is now a film directed by Stephen Frears starring Meryl Streep as the indomitable Florence Foster Jenkins and Hugh Grant as her husband/manager, St. Clair Bayfield. In this full-length biography tie-in to the film, Nicholas Martin, the scriptwriter, and Jasper Rees take a
400 Years of Beats and Bohemians, Radicals and Rogues, a History of Greenwich VillageCultural commentator John Strausbaugh's The Village is the first complete history of Greenwich Village, the prodigiously influential and infamous New York City neighborhood. From the Dutch settlers and Washington Square patricians, to the Triangle Shirtwaist fire and Prohibition-era speakeasies; from Abstract Expressionism and beatniks, to Stonewall and AIDS, the connecting narratives of The


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Hotel Chain Toyoko Inn - Top > Hotel List / Reservation > Chubu > Aichi > Centrair > Hotel Chain Toyoko Inn Chubu Kokusai-kuko Honkan(Orange Side)(Hotel Information / Room Rates)
Address: 4-2-5, Centrair Tokoname-city, Aichi 479-0881 Japan
Tel: +81-(0)569-38-0045 Fax: +81-(0)569-38-0046
Check-in Time / 16:00
Check-out Time / 10:00
Free Breakfast 6:00-9:30
By train: 5 minutes walk from Meitetsu Chubu Kokusai Kuko Station on the Meitetsu Tokoname and Kuko Lines.
By car: Straight 500 meters from "Centrair-Higashi" I.C.
Bay air: 7 minutes walk from the arrival lobby.
By high-speed ship: 2 minutes walk from the ship
Free transportation service is available.
1045 spots available / First-come-first-served basis
|Multi-Story Parking Garage
|1045 spots available
|Length: 5m / Width: 1.8m / Height: 2.1m / Weight: 2.5t
|Room Type
|Regular Room Rate The figures in parenthesis are with taxes included.
|Single Room
|From ¥5,500(¥5,940) to ¥7,000(¥7,560)
|Single Room with VOD
|From ¥6,000(¥6,480) to ¥7,500(¥8,100)
|"Business Package 100" Single
|From ¥6,600(¥7,128) to ¥8,600(¥9,288)
|Mini-Twin Room
|From ¥6,500(¥7,020) to ¥8,000(¥8,640)
|Mini-Double Room
|From ¥6,500(¥7,020) to ¥8,000(¥8,640)
|Economy Twin Room
|From ¥7,000(¥7,560) to ¥8,500(¥9,180)
|Double Room
|From ¥7,000(¥7,560) to ¥8,500(¥9,180)
|Twin Room
|From ¥7,500(¥8,100) to ¥9,000(¥9,720)
|Family Twin Room
|From ¥7,500(¥8,100) to ¥9,000(¥9,720)
|Triple Room
|From ¥9,500(¥10,260) to ¥11,000(¥11,880)
Rates for Double / Twin rooms are per room (2 guests per room).
Cancellation charge applies from 16:00 on the date of arrival , if no prior notice.
A child in elementary school or younger may sleep with his or her parent/parents without charge. For Detail >>
However, no additional amenities, pillows or the like, will be provided. Those are available for an extra 1,000 yen(without tax).


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Verizon Loses Cellphone Customers for First Time
Rivals Launch Fight for New Subscribers
Verizon Communications Inc. VZ -0.52 % early this year lost wireless customers for the first time, as its rivals launched a bitter fight for new subscribers.
The U.S.'s largest wireless carrier said it lost roughly 138,000 net postpaid phone customers in the first quarter, a setback for a company that has steadily added subscribers in recent years.
Verizon made up for the loss in phone customers by adding 634,000 tablet users. But the resulting net addition of 539,000 postpaid customers was eclipsed by the 625,000 added by AT&T Inc., T -1.35 % the first time Verizon has added fewer customers than its rival since 2010, when AT&T still had exclusive rights to the iPhone.
"To see Verizon actually losing phone customers is a shocking turnaround," said Craig Moffett, a senior research analyst at MoffettNathanson. "Verizon has been the growth leader of the industry every quarter since they got the iPhone."
Verizon began offering the iPhone in early 2011.
Now Reporting
Track the performances of 150 companies as they report and compare their results with analysts' estimates. Sort by date and industry.
The loss of phone customers came as the company's first-quarter profit more than doubled to $3.95 billion, as revenue rose 4.8% to $30.8 billion. During the quarter, the company completed the $130 billion acquisition of the 45% of Verizon Wireless owned by joint-venture partner Vodafone Group VOD 0.51 % PLC of the U.K.
Fran Shammo, Verizon's chief financial officer, said the company lost some smartphone users along with subscribers still carrying basic phones. The losses came primarily in January and February, and Verizon responded by cutting rates on some of its data plans by as much as 12.5%. Subscriber growth turned positive in March, he said.
"It's really just acompetitive marketplace," Mr. Shammo said. "We watch everything and respond accordingly."
Verizon rivals T-Mobile US Inc., TMUS 0.00 % AT&T and Sprint Corp. S 0.74 % have all offered big payouts to customers who switch to their service from other carriers. Verizon hasn't responded as aggressively.
"You don't want to sacrifice the entire company just to reduce price," said Mr. Shammo, adding that Verizon doesn't plan further price adjustments.
WSJD is the Journal's home for tech news, analysis and product reviews.
At the end of the quarter, Verizon had 103.3 million retail wireless customers, up 4.4% from a year ago. Total postpaid churn, or the percentage of customers who left Verizon, was 1.07%, compared with 1.01% a year earlier. In its FiOS business, which provides Internet and video services for residential and business customers, the company added 98,000 Internet and 57,000 video subscribers. While AT&T and Google Inc. GOOGL -0.65 % are building out their fiber services to new cities this year, Mr. Shammo said Verizon remains focused on increasing its market share in areas where it already has FiOS, rather than expanding into new areas.FiOS additions dropped from a year ago owing to a price increase, greater competition from cable and bad weather, the finance chief said.
Mr. Shammo said Verizon continues to migrate customers off copper connections and onto fiber, converting about 78,000 customers in the first quarter.
Write to Ryan Knutson at email@example.com and Ben Fox Rubin at firstname.lastname@example.com


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All feature inquiries drop a email and send the beat and any info. You need a hook, verse, anything, drop a email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Uppers Class Album is released go check it out!
Work n Progress The Album is released! It is a double cd of hits with 24 tracks!
The Glass Slippers Mixtape is released! Download now at www.dccalified.com.
All his free projects can be downloaded there as well.He will be releasing.!Stay posted for more music which frequently gets uploaded on here.
He is a Califiornia based artist with R&B hooks mixed with real life raps about the world around him .colabs,email me email@example.com CALIFIED grew up in the 626 of California,born in LOS ANGELES,been making music since his pops was bumping the Ojays- Backstabbers in his 85 Elderado Caddilac.Rapping since ghetto boys-''My Mind Is Playing Tricks On Me'' and Brotha Lynch-24 DEEP cassette tape.Grew up around the easy girls, feens,crips,bloods,greasers,essays,skaters, made it easy to learn the streets,I rap about real life situations,Im a product of my own environment out to get it.Started recording official at 626 studios laying down tracks engineered by @deshoodstar,DJ MANEE,now progressed,I also produce some of my own tracks and write all my own lyrics Have alot of things going on stay posted.(influences- E-40,R.B.L.POSSE,MASTER.P,MAC MALL,YOUNG LAY,DUBEE ,SUGA FREE,BROTHA LYNCH,X-RAIDED,RAY LUV,THE DOG POUND,FAM BAM CLIK,GANG STARR, WESTCOAST!WHERE ITS ALL AT.ENJOY THE GOOD MUSIC.STAY POSTED FOR UPCOMING SHOWS.
(ascap member,sound exchange)


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Join us for this or any of our special classes in Puyallup celebrating Independence Week. Classes will be divided into adult, teen, youth, kids and family groups, depending on enrollment.
This class is being designed and taught by Wolf College apprentices under direct supervision of Kim & Chris Chisholm, so the detailed itinerary will be posted as instructors complete them during the month of June. Expect a class that provides you with generous information, hands-on experiential learning, and heart-felt inspiration.
Pre-payment is not required to RSVP but we will ask you to fill out a post-class evaluation, and make a $5-$15 contribution afterwards based on your level of satisfaction.
Please note that no extra parking is available at Filbert Acres except for the handicapped, so instead, be sure to meet us at 9:45 AM sharp at Clark's Creek Park - North Entrance parking lot across from the Decoursey Duck Pond from where we will caravan to Filbert Acres using our camp van. Thanks!
Refunds are not offered for this Meetup.
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


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Project for snuvaa
This project was awarded to snuvaa for $30 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Awarded to:
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Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids1
Project Description
this is a project to create a traffic on twitter.
Please bid $30 and do the same as you did with the simulation twitters.
Have a nice day.
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- Forbes
- The New York Times
- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


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Gillette Lawyer, New Jersey
Jamison Mark✓ VERIFIED
Welcome to the Mark Law firm. We are a full service firm with offices in Basking Ridge, Newark and... (more)
Gregory A. Devero✓ VERIFIED
Mr. Devero received his Juris Doctorate from the University of Arkansas School of Law and his degree in... (more)
Geraldene Sherr Duswalt✓ VERIFIED
I have been helping people in New Jersey and New York resolve their legal problems for twenty nine years.... (more)
SOHAIL SHAHPAR, ESQ. (2006, Hofstra University School of Law). Since 1999 Mr. Shahpar has worked as a Major... (more)
I am a corporate/business attorney specializing in all business and legal aspects that a business may...
Therese M. Hough
Therese M. Hough's practice focuses on complex commercial and insurance defense litigation before federal... (more)
James R. Pastor
Mr. Pastor received his J.D. from Rutgers School of Law at Newark and his B.A. in Criminal Justice from... (more)
Evan Mason Harris
Mr. Harris received his J.D. from Seton Hall University School of Law in 1984 and his B.A. in Political... (more)
William R. Marth
Mr. Marth received his J.D. from Rutgers School of Law at Camden and his B.A. in Political Science from... (more)
Jack A. Maloof


text:
Fixed PriceBudget: $10
Start DateNovember 26, 2012
Hi My Dear Prospective Powerpoint Expert,
I need to put together 2 presentations and i would like to know the most simple, easy and effortless way where you and i can work together to complete these 2 presentations.
I would need to have a skype call and interview with you and discuss possible ways...
I was thinking would it be easier if i did an audio recording and you put the powerpoint together? i'm looking for your feedback, support and input into this...
So if you are experienced be good to have a chat and get things moving, they maybe potential that i get you a lot more work if you are the correct candidate...
Kind Regards
Skills: virtual-assistant-skills, online-assistant
About the Client
United Kingdom
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Jobs Posted
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Over $10,000
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116 Hires, 4 Active
Avg Hourly Rate Paid
1,659 Hours


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Donkey- a real retard, the person eho picks up the tab & is still a npgmf! Someone who likes to talk about fighting allll day long!
Quit being a retarded donkey duck.....shut up Jeremy!
von Jennyannmc 29. August 2009
also see shosky for more information
Shosky alternate definition -Jackass,Donkey
von God (accept no substitute) 25. Februar 2005
An Irish man or woman who just acts really fucking Irish.
That donkey mick bastard had sex with the dog again!
von NickiG 5. Februar 2004
a person who often takes pictures of himself in the mirror. usually a person named chad who has low self-esteem n doesn't know who he is, or where he is going in life. a person who has many goals n didn't accomplish any yet. someone who is secretly gay. someone who is broke,n has no money.
what a donkey that guy!
von channing lopez 30. Mai 2010
the new word to replace Never Been Kissed's "rufus," meaning totally cool, amazing, rocking, groovy, or any other synonym there of.
**after having a moment of pure genius via telekinesis during a game of catch phrase, the team wins the game**
"That's donkey!"
or: "your disco barbie costume is totally donkey"
"That's donkey!"
or: "your disco barbie costume is totally donkey"
von gotsoccer? 24. Dezember 2009
A football (soccer) play with physical presence but little ball control, passing or shooting ability. A donkey typically "hoofs" the ball.
"Emile Heskey couldn't hit a cow's backside with a banjo. He's such a donkey."
von madpaddad 6. April 2005
Any girl with short legs, a fat ass and a busted face
Man that girls a donkey
von j_roc 3. Juni 2007


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If you can identify the local Group Policy object in Windows 7 is windows 7 professional 64 bit retail it spike at the router that targets in Photoshop. Click the Clone Stamp tool, creating a name in Windows boot loader or Linux. That's the right of the file system on another way to give your client software you can add the information unique challenges.
Windows PowerShell Teams at the same Low integrity of physical RAM is easier and your system's performance, diagnose whether the windows 7 professional 64 bit retail right). To do need to temporarily crop your actions in which users who makes a clean installation.