text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 12, 1996
|Filing date
|Oct 30, 1992
|Priority date
|Jul 20, 1987
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Gerald P. Zook
|Original Assignee
|Zook; Gerald P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Referenced by (68), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/453,150 filed Dec. 20, 1989, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 273,710 filed Nov. 17, 1988, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 075,425 filed Jul. 20, 1987, now abandoned.
This invention relates to foot pads, more specifically to foot pads incorporating a viscoelastic gel with superior friction and pressure-dissipating characteristics as well as medicinal properties.
The art of foot padding and medicating devices is old and crowded. Historically, pads for corns, hammertoes, bunions and the like have been manufactured from compressible materials such as felt or foamed latex. This trend continues today as evidenced by the large numbers of such products available on the over-the-counter foot care market.
Wheat in U.S. Pat. No. 21,790 describes a corn eradicator comprising an elastic band and a pad or cushion. Wheat does not disclose what his pad is made of, but most pads of that era were made of fabric such as felt or even softened leather. Wheat shows a relatively narrow elastic band holding the device in place. One disadvantage of a narrow elastic band is that it concentrates pressure on the plantar digital arteries as it loops around the toe. Georges in U.S. Pat. No. 281,487 describes a corn or bunion shield made of discs of soft leather or fabric and a central area of oiled silk to relieve friction. Georges' invention suffers from the following objections: the leather and flannel discs will become compressed and lose their cushioning ability with use, the oiled silk used to relieve friction can leave an oil stain on socks or shoes, the digit encircling elastic band is relatively narrow and thus may impede blood flow in the plantar digital arteries, and the device is not washable and therefore could become unhygenic. Duckworth in U.S. Pat. No. 707,089 teaches a corn pad having an internal cavity to relieve pressure on a corn or bunion and a digit encircling elastic strap. Duckworth's internal cavity would be difficult to manufacture and merely concentrates pressure on the soft tissue surrounding the corn. Again, his narrow elastic band would create pressure on the plantar digital arteries. Schultz in U.S. Pat. No. 893,876 describes a foot protector made of multiple layers of felt or other compressible fabric that may be adjusted by removing one or more layers. Compressible materials such as wool or felt will eventually "bottom out" and loose their ability to cushion. These materials are also poor dissipaters of frictional forces and do nothing to soften and lubricate a keratotic lesion. U.S. Pat. No. Re. 13,608 to Rightmire teaches a medicating device for cutaneous lesions consisting of one or more medicinal cups affixed to a digit by an elastic tubular carrying structure. The cups are rigid and would create painful pressure points adjacent to the flange structure around the lesion. This device would be of no value in dissipating frictional forces generated by shoe gear. U.S. Pat. No. 2,057,72 to Koppe teaches a corn pad of felt or the like secured to a digit by means of an adhesive strip. This device would not be removable and the felt pad would not be able to absorb frictional forces like a viscoelastic gel would. Scholl in U.S. Pat. No. 2,115,237 teaches a medicated button made of an adhesive plastic mass and incorporating medication. Since the button is made of an adhesive material, it cannot readily be removed and reapplied. Since the plastic mass is composed of relatively stiff materials, it will not dissipate shearing forces as a viscoelastic gel would. U.S. Pat. No. 2,015,497 to Scholl describes a two-component corn plaster with a medicated disc covered with a pressure-relieving corn pad. This device is not removable and reusable and is not made of materials that would dissipate pressure and friction in the "hydraulic" manner as the elastic gel of the present invention. Crawford in U.S. Pat. No. 2,7840,401 teaches a foot-corrective pad made of foamed latex with a central aperture to relieve pressure and a covering of rubber or the like. As with many other prior art references, the foamed latex of Crawford's invention is compressible and when subjected to shoe pressure will become a dense, unyielding material with poor pressure or sheer dissipating properties. A viscoelastic gel, on the other hand, is noncompressible and is capable of dissipating friction and pressure even when subjected to extreme shoe pressure. This fact can be readily demonstrated by taking a corn pad of the present invention, applying firm, or even extreme pressure to the gel pad with a finger, and rubbing to and fro. The finger in this instance will glide almost effortlessly to and fro as the frictional forces are dissipated internally by the gel. The gel will also conform to the contour of the digit to more evenly spread out the pressure exerted upon it from a direction perpendicular to its major surface. This last point means that an aperture, such as described by Crawford, is not a critical feature when utilizing an elastic gel, an important manufacturing consideration. Levitt in U.S. Pat. No. 3,209,750 teaches a digit-embracing surgical pad made of foamed latex which suffers from the same objections as the device taught by Crawford. U.S. Pat. No. 3,244,171 to Neu teaches a surgical pad with a digital loop. This bunion shield is made of compressible materials such as felt or foam rubber and has a large central aperture to relieve pressure and friction. Again, these materials are poorly adapted to dissipate pressure and friction and will bottom out with time. Thompson in U.S. Pat. No. 2,943,623 teaches a skin plaster made of tetrafluroethylene which has a very low coefficient of friction. This device does nothing to pad or soften the keratotic lesion as described in the present invention.
Gelatinous materials are well known to the art of orthopedic cushioning devices. Spence in U.S. Pat. No. 3,548,420 teaches a cushion made with an organosiloxane gel covered by a layer or layers of cloth, foamed plastic or the like. This device has the disadvantage of incorporating a gel without the ability to impart Mineral Oil U.S.P. to a keratotic lesion to soften and lubricate the lesion. Furthermore, the gel in Spence's invention is not elastic enough to dissipate frictional forces when applied in extremely thin layers as described below for the present invention. The same objections hold true for Spence's U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,308,491 and 3,663,973 which teach similar organosiloxane gel devices. Shaw in U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,569 teaches lightweight preformed stable gel structures that incorporate glass microspears. Again, these devices do not bleed Mineral Oil U.S.P. onto a keratotic lesion and lack the elasticity to dissipate friction from shoe gear when employed in extremely thin layers. Burgdorfer et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,642, teaches gel pads with the same objections as Spence and Shaw.
Accordingly, several objects and advantages of my invention are:
(a) To provide a novel pad for corns, calluses, bunions, blisters, and the like which is able to equalize pressure when applied over an uneven surface, such as found with many foot disorders, by utilizing an ultrasoft viscoelastic noncompressible gel which is capable of conforming to the shape of the lesion when pressure is applied and dissipating this pressure in a "hydraulic" manner which spreads this pressure more equally over a larger area than any prior inventions known to this art.
(b) To provide a foot protective and cushioning device which is able to internally absorb frictional or horizontal shearing forces encountered as the foot slides forward and backward inside the shoe during the walking cycle when employed in thinner layers than heretofore known in this art.
(c) To provide a pedal cushioning device which is extremely simple in its design, manufacture, and use. In its simplest form, the present invention is made of only two components, a carrier structure of elastic fabric and a pad of viscoelastic gel which has been impregnated thereupon.
(d) To provide a pad capable of delivering a therapeutically significant amount of skin softening and lubricating oil such as Mineral Oil U.S.P. or a medicinal agent such as keratolytic agent, antifungal, or antibacterial agent, vesicant, or any other pharmacological agent that would be beneficial to the user.
(e) To provide a safe digital cushioning device that is secured to the digit by means of a broad elastic tube rather than a narrow elastic band so that this elastic force is distributed over a wide area so as not to impede circulation to the digit.
(f) To provide a pad for corns, hammertoes, bunions, and the like which is easy to apply and remove, is hand or machine washable, is reusable, and is reversible.
(g) To provide a digital padding device with a tubular elastic fabric member which resists fraying without the necessity of employing time-consuming, expensive, and awkward antifraying measures by using a seamless elastic tubular material which will spontaneously roll inward at the ends of the pad to form a cuff.
Further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from a consideration of drawings and ensuing descriptions of the same.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a corn pad of the present invention positioned on the fourth toe of a foot.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a corn pad of the present invention illustrating the elastic tube structure and the rim or cuff of the tube.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the corn pad pictured in FIG. 2 taken at line X--X1 and illustrating a viscoelastic gel of uniform thickness impregnated on the interior of the elastic sleeve.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a corn pad of the present invention illustrating gel pads of variable thickness positioned on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the elastic tube.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a bunion pad of the present invention positioned on a foot with the aid of a metatarsal encircling strap.
FIG. 5A is a variation on the bunion pad illustrated in FIG. 5, but with the distal aspect of the elastic tube structure closed.
FIG. 6 is a plantar view of the bunion pad of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 5, affixed to a foot.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a bunion pad of the present invention with a metatarsal encircling elastic band and a viscoelastic gel pad positioned on the lateral external surface of the digital sleeve.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a bunion pad of the present invention without a metatarsal encircling band.
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate one preferred embodiment of the present invention which in its simplest form comprises only two components, a sleeve of elastic fabric 2 and a pad(s) of viscoelastic gel 4, 5, 6 impregnated thereupon. FIG. 1 illustrates a corn pad of the present invention that has been applied to a toe. The elastic sleeve 2 encircles the digit and holds the viscoelastic gel in direct contact with the corn or other lesion. FIG. 2 illustrates the elastic sleeve 2 of a corn pad of the present invention and shows the cuff 3 formed around the rim of sleeve 2 by the inward rolling of the elastic fabric. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 to illustrate the location of a layer of uniform thickness of viscoelastic gel 2, specifically on the interior aspect of the elastic sleeve 2. This configuration allows for the oleaginous gel 4 to come into direct contact with the corn or other lesion to facilitate softening and lubrication of the corn with the plasticizing oil of the gel. This configuration also enhances the gel's ability to freely conform to an uneven surface without hindrance from a sheet of material that might be used to cover the gel. In FIG. 3, the layer of viscoelastic gel is of essentially uniform thickness. FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention wherein the layers of gel 5, 6 have a variable thickness. In FIG. 4 the surface of the gel 5 intended for contact with the skin is depicted a concave in shape to better adapt to the convexity of a corn or hammertoe, for example. The gel pad or pads of the corn pad thus may be of uniform thickness, variable thickness, or even zero thickness where an aperture is desirable.
The manufacture of the present invention as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is extremely simple. My technique involves purchasing a commercially available tubular sleeve of elastic fabric; flattening this elastic fabric on a level surface such as a workbench; laying circular molds on the fabric; and pouring heated, liquefied polymer directly into the mold and allowing it to cool and re-gel. For my prototypes, I have been using a seamless tube of elastic fabric from 1/2" to 2" in diameter available from Surgical Appliance Industries of Cincinnati, Ohio. The advantage that I have found with this particular knit is that it resists fraying around the rims by spontaneously rolling up at the rims to form a cuff 3 (FIG. 2) at either end as described in greater detail subsequently in this disclosure. After flattening this elastic fabric tube on a level working surface, I place the gel molds directly on the surface of the fabric where the gel is to be deposited. For gel molds I have been using rubber washers of varying diameters and thicknesses. Such rubber washers are readily available at most hardware or plumbing stores. These washers are simply laid on the fabric with no need to secure them in the desired position. Next, I take some commercially available viscoelastic gel such as the thermoplastic gelatinous composition taught by Chen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,184 and sold under the name of Glue-Balls� by Hymen Products and heat these in a saucepan on an electric stove. Once the gel has been heated to around 350� F. and converted to a free-flowing liquid, I simply pour a small portion of the liquefied polymer into the mold and allow it to cool and re-gel. Once the hot, liquefied gel is in the mold, it begins to penetrate the elastic fabric and is partially absorbed by the fabric. Upon cooling and re-jelling of the polymer, the viscoelastic gel becomes intimately bonded to the fabric. After the polymer has cooled and re-jelled, the molds are simply lifted off of the fabric and the impregnation of the fabric with the gel is complete. The next step involves simply cutting the fabric between consecutive gel pads, dusting the gel with talc, and turning the short tube segments inside out so that the gel pad resides on the interior aspect of the finished device. When using the above-mentioned tubular knit manufactured by Surgical Appliance Industries, no elaborate means such as applying an antifraying substance to the cut edges of the elastic fabric are required to achieve a reusable, washable, and reversible device that will not fray at the ends. Another advantage of this extremely simple method of manufacture is that no costly injection molding procedure or equipment is required. In order to obtain a gel pad of variable thickness, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, several simple steps can be employed. The method I prefer involves pouring the liquefied gel into the mold and letting it cool to approximately its gelling temperature. At this point, the gel is still moldable, somewhat like putty. I take a rubber ball coated with talc and press it down on the exposed surface of the gel. This "stamps" the gel into the desired shape. Obviously, modifications of this basic concept could be made to facilitate mass production. Another technique I have employed to achieve a varied thickness to the gel involves laying a small object such as a coin under the fabric to be coated with gel such that the fabric becomes elevated and reduces the distance between the surface of the fabric and the top surface of the mold.
FIGS. 5-8 illustrate a bunion pad of the present invention. FIG. 5 depicts one embodiment of the invention wherein a digit encircling elastic tube 2 is applied to the hallux to anchor the distal aspect of the bunion pad. As with the corn pad depicted in FIG. 3, the distal rim of the device is a cuff 3 (FIGS. 5-8) formed by the inward rolling of the elastic fabric sleeve 2. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, the distal end of elastic tube 2 may be closed 3A. In this case the elastic fabric tube forms a "sling" that fits over the distal aspect of the digit to anchor the device against proximal migration. The proximal medial segment of the bunion pad 8 is made of elastic fabric which covers the dorsal aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, wraps around the medial aspect of the joint, and covers the plantar aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. A metatarsal encircling elastic strap 9 (FIGS. 5-7) connects with the proximal dorsal aspect of the proximal segment 8 of the bunion pad, courses dorsally over the metatarsus of the foot 1, wraps around the fifth metatarsal proximal to the metatarsal head, courses across the plantar metatarsus, and connects with the plantar proximal-lateral aspect of the proximal aspect 8 of the bunion pad. A pad of viscoelastic gel 7 is impregnated on the interior aspect of the device in a location corresponding to the roedial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Gel pad 7 may be of uniform thickness, variable thickness, or even zero thickness when an aperture is desired. One embodiment of the invention employs a gel pad with a central concave depression to interface with the convexity of a bunion. Referring to FIG. 7, an optional gel pad 10 may be impregnated onto the external lateral surface of the hallux encircling segment 2 of the device. Pad 10 functions as a toe spacer between the first and second digits. Pad 10 could just as well be impregnated onto the interior surface of sleeve 2. Referring to FIG. 8, an alternative embodiment of a bunion pad of the present invention is illustrated. Structures 2, 3, and 7 are substantially as described for the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 5-7. The primary difference between the bunion pad illustrated in FIG. 8 and the bunion pads illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 is that the bunion pad in FIG. 8 lacks the metatarsal encircling elastic strap 9. The elastic fabric may be reinforced with a rigid or semi-rigid backing structure in this embodiment so that gel pad 7 is retained in its most advantageous position relative to the bunion. The plantar proximal aspect 11 of the devise is indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 8.
My method for manufacturing the bunion pad of the present invention is as follows. Beginning with an approximately 3-inch segment of elastic tubular fabric (Surgical Appliance Industries, Cincinnati, Ohio) a pad of viscoelastic gel is impregnated on one surface using the same technique as described above for the corn pad of the present invention. This pad is substantially in the center of the longitudinal axis of the elastic sleeve. After the gel has cooled, the sleeve of elastic fabric is inverted such that the gel pad is on the interior surface of the elastic sleeve. Using ordinary scissors, a cut is made longitudinally for approximately three-fourths the length of the elastic sleeve on the opposite side of the sleeve as the viscoelastic gel. The resultant device is now substantially the same as the embodiment pictured in FIG. 8. Next, a segment of elastic strap material approximately 4-6 inches long is sewn onto the device at the proximal aspects of the elastic tubular material where the longitudinal cut was begun. One end of the elastic strap is sewn to the dorsal proximal aspect of the device and the other end of the elastic strap is sewn onto the plantar proximal aspect of the device. This results in the bunion pad illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. An optional gel pad may be impregnated onto either the exterior or interior surface of the bunion pad at the distal aspect as illustrated by 10 (FIG. 7). This substantially results in the finished product ready for use.
The corn pad of the present invention is practiced by simply slipping the elastic tubular member over the digit. The viscoelastic gel pad can be positioned by rotating the elastic fabric and by pulling the elastic fabric carrier structure proximally or distally on the digit. Since the elastic fabric will naturally apply slight pressure on the extremely deformable viscoelastic gel in the direction of the digit, the gel will spontaneously assume the surface configuration of the lesion being treated, thus eliminating the need to modify the shape of the pad during manufacture. Since this viscoelastic gel behaves like a fluid when pressure is applied, this pressure will be more equally dissipated throughout the gel in a "hydraulic" manner similar to the way pressure is dissipated through the breaking system of an automobile when pressure is applied to the brake pedal. In response to the pressure, the ultraconformable, noncompressible, viscoelastic gel will "flow" over the surface being treated and fill in voids in the surface so as to equalize pressure over the surface being treated in a manner far superior to conventionally-used materials such as compressible felt or foam rubber. When pressure is applied to the noncompressible viscoelastic gel, it will "flatten out" by expanding its radius or surface area. Thus, the applied pressure will be spread out over a greater area with less pressure per unit of area.
When frictional or horizontal shearing forces are applied to the invention, this force is internally absorbed by the gel without the gel pad sliding forward and backward on the digit. These results cannot be duplicated in prior inventions known to the art of pads for corns, calluses, bunions, blisters, and the like, because of the unique properties of the gel of the present invention. Gels heretofore known to the art of orthopedic padding devices have such limited elasticity and such poor tearing parameters that they will usually split into two or more pieces when stretched to about twice their resting length. This inability to elongate to many times its original length thus impedes the ability of these gels to flow in response to pressure or frictional forces. When using a gel such as described by Chen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,284 in the present invention, new and unexpected results are discovered. The most significant of these results from a clinical standpoint is the tremendous amount of frictional or shearing forces that can be absorbed by a relatively thin layer of such a gel. The aforementioned gel of Chen is capable of being stretched to 1600% of its original length before tearing. For the sake of illustration, one can imagine a pad of the present invention with a 2.0 mm thick pad of such a material. When a shearing force is applied parallel to a major surface of this hypothetical 2.0 mm gel pad, this surface is displaced laterally while the elastic gel stretches. A 2.0 mm thick pad of such a material could thus be displaced 2.0 mm � 16, or nearly 32 mm (1 and 1/4 inch) in one direction. By reversing this shearing force 180�, the gel will return to its resting point and then begin stretching in the opposite direction an equal distance. The total range of motion in this hypothetical case would thus be 1.25 inches �2 or 2.5 inches. One can see in this example the superior friction dissipating ability that one can realize when using a thin layer of such a material-an important consideration in the narrow confines of a shoe. The above discussion is presented to better illustrate the direct relationship between gel elasticity and shear dissipating ability. In real-life situations the results may vary. Nonetheless, it seems reasonable that if one particular gel pad was capable of being elongated four times as much as a second gel pad, the first gel pad could absorb approximately the same amount of shearing force as the second gel pad when the first gel pad is only one-fourth the thickness of the second gel pad. This economy of space is submitted to be a significant breakthrough when compared to the prior art. Therefore, for the purposes of the present invention, only viscoelastic gels capable of elongating to at least 200% of their original length without tearing are considered as compatible with the present invention.
An analogous argument can be constructed to illustrate the superior pressure dissipating ability of such gels in the present invention. In the case of force applied perpendicular to the major surface of a gel of the present invention, such pressure is dissipated by the flow of the gel radially outward from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Likewise, it seems reasonable in this case that a gel that can easily elongate to many times its original resting length would do a better job of dissipating pressure in an hydraulic manner.
When the invention is applied over the dry, compacted keratin in a corn, for example, plasticizing oil such as Mineral Oil U.S.P. will be transferred from the gel to the keratotic lesion to soften and lubricate the lesion. Medications incorporated into the gel will likewise be delivered to this superficial lesion.
When utilizing an elastic fabric tube made from material such as described above, no expensive, time-consuming, or elaborate measures to prevent fraying of the fabric are required because the cut edges of the elastic tube will spontaneously roll up to form a fray-proof "cuff."
When the corn pad of the present invention becomes soiled, it can simply be removed and machine-washed and dried. I have subjected prototypes of the invention to several cycles of washing and drying without any noticeable change in their ability to function as described above. When desirable, the elastic fabric sleeve can be turned inside out so that the gel resides on the external surface of the tube. In one embodiment of the invention, gel pads are deposited on both surfaces of the elastic tube opposite each other. With this device, one can position the pads between two adjacent toes to function as a toe spacer that will help realign the digits. This is an important function for people suffering from hallux abductovalgus or bunion formation where the great toe deviates away from the midline of the body and presses into the adjacent toes.
The operation of the bunion pad of the present invention is similar to that of the corn pad. To apply the bunion pad illustrated in FIG. 8, the distal tubular member 2 is simply slipped over the digit so that the gel pad 7 is positioned over the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (or over the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint in the case of a tailor's bunion). When applying the embodiment of the bunion pad illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, the elastic strap 9 is first pulled over the metatarsus of the foot. Next the digit (either hallux or little toe) is slipped into the distal tubular aspect 2 of the device. This device positions the gel pad over or around a bunion where it can gently apply lateral pressure to realign a splayed first or fifth metatarsal. The proximal pull of elastic fabric is transmitted to the digit encircling sleeve in such a manner as to realign a deviated metatarsophalangeal joint.
To better understand the operation of the present invention, the following discussion of the more salient features of the present invention is submitted. My invention is fundamentally different from the prior art because it takes advantage of the unique properties of a noncompressible, relatively fluid, highly comformable, viscoelastic gel to overcome the inability of previously described pads to dissipate localized points of pressure created against the foot when wearing shoes. In the parent applications, I describe this ability of certain viscoelastic polymers to flow around an uneven surface when pressure is applied in such a manner as to equalize the pressure throughout the area as "hydraulic" in nature and similar to the way in which "hydraulic fluid distributes pressure equally in all directions in a pump or brake device." When ultrasoft, highly conformable, noncompressible viscoelastic gels are used according to the method taught in this patent application, this is precisely the case. The materials that I have been working with are exemplified by the thermoplastic elastomer gelatinous compositions taught by Chen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,284. If one were to take a cylinder 3" in diameter and 1/2" in height, for example, and made of felt, foam rubber, or any of the other materials described in this art and were to step on it with a bare foot, what would happen is that these compressible materials would decrease in volume and increase in density. In those areas where pressure form the foot were greatest, the material would be the densest and least able to cushion. This compacted material would also lose its limited ability to absorb horizontal shearing of frictional forces such as found when walking with a shoe on. Such a pad would not appreciably expand or spread outwardly in a radial manner in such a way as to increase the surface area of contact between the foot and the pad and thus dissipate the force over a larger area. When a noncompressible viscoelastic gel of the same dimensions is utilized in place of the compressible padding material, the results are quite different. As force is exerted downward on the ultrasoft, highly deformable, noncompressible gel, it instantly begins to flow radially outward in a manner which greatly increases the surface area of contact between the gel and the foot. This increased surface area dissipates the weight over a larger area, resulting in a lower pressure per unit of area. This force tending to spread out the gel is opposed by the intrinsic elastic properties of the viscoelastic gel, and this spreading will cease when these two forces are in equilibrium. Likewise, there will be no discrete pressure points found within the gel due to the unequal pressure applied by the irregularly-shaped foot. In those areas where pressure would build up in the conventional pad, the gel will flow radially outward and dissipate this pressure throughout the system in a "hydraulic" manner which is far superior to the way that pressure is dissipated in a noncompressible material. Unlike materials heretofore used in this art, a viscoelastic gel will not lose its ability to internally absorb frictional or horizontal shearing forces when subjected to pressure. In fact, the ability of these types of gels to internally absorb these horizontal shearing forces when subjected to pressure is so great as to render them unsuitable for use as insoles unless incorporated into a system that restricts this tendency to slide horizontally. This is an important consideration when discussing pads for corns, bunions, and especially blisters because much of the pain and inflammation resulting from these conditions is the result of friction between the foot and the shoe that is generated during walking as the foot slides forward and backward inside the shoe.
There are several difficult and subtle problems that must be recognized and solved when incorporating a highly deformable, ultrasoft, noncompressible, viscoelastic gel into a pad for corns, hammertoes, bunions, and the like. The first problem relates to the tendency for gels to migrate away from an area of increased pressure, especially when this is an intermittent pressure such as found inside a shoe when walking. This repeated pumping action would cause an unsecured gel to be squeezed away from the area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. The present invention solves this problem by directly impregnating a thermoplastic viscoelastic gel onto fabric. This is accomplished by heating the gel to a temperature that converts it to a free-flowing liquid. This hot liquid is then poured onto a fabric and allowed to cool and re-gel. While in the heated-liquid state, the viscoelastic polymer will penetrate the fabric, be partially absorbed by it, and bond to the fabric when it cools and returns to the gel state. This impregnation process serves to bond the gel to the fabric so that the fabric can prevent the gel from excessive migration when pressure is applied. Even though the gel may be highly stretchable, it will not be able to travel far when the gel is applied in a layer less than 1.0 cm thick. Thus, the fabric "tethers" the gel to prevent unlimited migration. The second problem encountered when devising a pad for corns, hammertoes, and the like using a viscoelastic gel is related to the above first said problem and is actually the converse of it. Ideally, one would like to create a system that prevents excessive and unlimited migration of the gel but, at the same time, facilitates the limited type of gel migration required to maximize the equilibration of pressure throughout the gel. One would also want to avoid a gel-fabric system that would allow a portion of the gel to be squeezed out of the pad where it can become entangled in the sock. These objectives are best satisfied by utilizing a two-way stretchable elastic fabric such as Spandex�. Since such a fabric is itself elastic, it will stretch a limited amount with the gel in response to an increase in localized pressure to facilitate the dissipation of this pressure and better equalize the pressure in the gel-fabric system. As the gel expands radially outward in response to pressure, so too does the fabric. Thus, the viscoelastic gel and the elastic fabric work synergistically to equalize the dissipate pressure over a larger area of the foot. This also prevents the gel from being squeezed out of a cleft between the fabric and the skin which could cause the gel to be pulled away from the pad when socks are applied or removed because of the sliding frictional force applied to the gel as the sock is pulled on or off. This is one problem I have encountered utilizing viscoelastic gel with nonelastic fabrics. A third and related problem encountered when utilizing viscoelastic gels in this art is their floppy nature and tendency to roll up into an amorphous ball of gel in response to horizontal frictional forces such as encountered when putting on a sock or walking in a shoe. For this reason, it is important that the entire surface of the gel be either in contact with the skin or covered with a sheet of fabric that secures the entire mass of the gel to the body part being treated by applying force in the direction of said body part. This is why I have chosen the elastic tube structure for this invention which is intended for use on a human digit which is cylindrical in shape. The relationship between the elastic fabric and the viscoelastic gel is very similar to the relationship between skin and fat in the mammal. Skin essentially is a two-way stretch elastic covering for subcutaneous fat which pads in a manner exactly the same as the viscoelastic gel of the present invention. The elastic fabric tube will apply even compression to the entire surface of the gel that is not in contact with the skin and thus eliminate any unsecured extension of the gel which would roll up in response to friction such as found when applying a sock.
Thus, the reader will see that the present invention is a highly-useful and novel device for padding and medicating corns, calluses, bunions, blisters, hammertoes, and the like. The invention dissipates the pressure and friction exerted upon the foot by a shoe when walking in a manner far superior to any device known to this art. The present invention is further capable of lubricating, softening, moisturizing, and medicating foot lesions in a manner heretofore not known to the art. The present invention is an orthopedic padding device that self-conforms to the shape of a foot lesion without the need to preshape the gel pad during manufacture; internally absorbs horizontal shearing or frictional forces; is easy to apply and remove; dissipates the elastic compressive forces utilized to hold it in place over a larger surface area so as not to interfere with circulation to the digit; and is machine washable, reversible, and reusable.
While the above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of several preferred embodiments thereof. For example, materials which do not match the specific definition of a "gel" but which have equivalent physical properties such as a highly deformable, ultrasoft, noncompressible, viscoelastic rubbery material such as may be formulated using silicone or other such materials could be substituted into the present invention. Likewise, materials with similar physical properties which are not thermoplastic could be utilized to achieve the same results as the gel in the present invention. For example, a multipart chemical material which "sets up" or cures after mixing could be impregnated onto the elastic tubular means of the present invention with equivalent results. Also, a physically similar compound that cures upon exposure to air or heat could be utilized in the present invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that this device is as easily adapted to treat a fifth metatarsophalangeal (or tailor's) bunion as it is the hallux abductovalgus-type bunion.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 12, 1858
|Apr 2, 1883
|Jul 17, 1883
|John j
|May 23, 1901
|Aug 19, 1902
|Ira Duckworth
|Oct 16, 1934
|Jun 16, 1936
|Bertram Urban J
|Corn or bunion preventer
|May 11, 1936
|Apr 26, 1938
|Scholl William M
|Medicated button
|Mar 25, 1949
|Feb 12, 1952
|Scholl William M
|Surgical pad
|Dec 21, 1950
|Jul 28, 1953
|Scholl William M
|Corn cushion
|Jan 14, 1954
|Apr 3, 1956
|Scholl Mfg Co Inc
|Foot corrective pad
|Jan 25, 1956
|Feb 12, 1957
|Bennett Verna R
|Toe shield
|Sep 24, 1954
|Mar 18, 1958
|Scholl William M
|Bunion pad and the like
|Oct 4, 1957
|Jul 5, 1960
|Thalmer J Thompson
|Skin plaster
|Mar 31, 1961
|Oct 5, 1965
|Scholl Mfg Co Inc
|Digit embracing surgical pads
|Jul 31, 1962
|Jan 18, 1966
|Scholl William M
|Digit protector
|Sep 30, 1963
|May 31, 1966
|Scholl William M
|Foot cushions carried by the foot
|May 29, 1967
|Jan 6, 1970
|Spenco Corp
|Protective pad
|May 27, 1968
|Dec 15, 1970
|Grossman Geraldine A
|Mar 6, 1967
|Dec 22, 1970
|Stryker Corp
|Cushion structure
|Feb 19, 1974
|Jul 13, 1976
|G. D. Searle & Co.
|Body support means
|Mar 28, 1980
|Jan 18, 1983
|Applied Elastomerics, Incorporated
|Thermoplastic elastomer gelatinous compositions
|Aug 3, 1981
|Apr 19, 1983
|Spenco Medical Corporation
|Lightweight preformed stable gel structures and method of forming
|Jan 19, 1981
|Nov 15, 1983
|Richard P. Jacoby
|Post-operative toe protector device
|Jan 22, 1982
|Jun 26, 1984
|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
|Gel pads and a process for their preparation
|Mar 8, 1984
|May 14, 1985
|Smith And Nephew Associated Companies P.L.C.
|Medical device, its preparation and use
|Sep 12, 1985
|Oct 13, 1987
|Valleylab, Inc.
|Hydrophilic, elastomeric, pressure-sensitive adhesive
|Nov 29, 1984
|Jul 12, 1988
|Kimberly-Clark Corporation
|Method for producing pad structures with viscoelastic cores and article so made
|Jul 19, 1988
|Jun 27, 1989
|Zook Gerald P
|Affixable padding material using gelatinous viscoelastic polymer
|Aug 19, 1913
|Device for treating cutaneous diseases
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 22, 1997
|May 18, 1999
|Yates; Paul M.
|Cushioned bicycle saddle
|May 30, 1996
|Nov 30, 1999
|Yates; Paul M.
|Seamless gel cushion method of manufacture
|Oct 22, 1997
|Jan 25, 2000
|Yates; Paul M.
|Method of manufacturing a cushion article
|Jul 25, 1997
|Apr 11, 2000
|Yates; Paul M.
|Seamless gel cushion
|Aug 28, 1998
|Sep 12, 2000
|Silipos, Inc.
|Gelatinous body protection article having a therapeutic additive
|Mar 20, 2001
|Feb 4, 2003
|James Frederick Cook
|Post surgical appendage protector
|Sep 1, 2000
|Jan 6, 2004
|Silipos Inc.
|Body protection article having a gelatinous material with a therapeutic additive
|Feb 12, 1998
|Apr 27, 2004
|Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
|Pressure sensitive adhesive matrix patch for the treatment of onychomycosis
|Sep 5, 2003
|Nov 2, 2004
|Anthony Cosentino
|Toe pad for ballet dancers
|Feb 20, 2003
|Apr 19, 2005
|James A. Crunkleton
|Symptomatic relief for soft corns
|Jun 22, 2004
|Jan 17, 2006
|Nelson Thomas M
|Fluid filled body padding for fall protection
|Sep 20, 2004
|Jul 31, 2007
|Richard Schukraft
|Finger/toe tip protective apparatus
|Jul 23, 1998
|Nov 6, 2007
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Gel and cushioning devices
|May 31, 2011
|Millet Innovation
|Assembled orthopedic retractor
|Jul 19, 2011
|Young Joyce C
|Toe jammers
|Sep 11, 2012
|Abigo Medical Ab
|Method and a product to reduce and treat problems associated with tinea pedis
|Sep 25, 2012
|Visionary Products, Inc.
|Kit of a plurality of detachable pockets, a detachable pocket, and associated methods
|Oct 2, 2012
|Tarsus Medical Inc.
|Methods and devices for treating a structural bone and joint deformity
|Nov 27, 2012
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Polymeric prosthetic liner with controlled stretch characteristics
|Dec 22, 2008
|Sep 3, 2013
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Prosthetic socket interface and assembly
|Jan 21, 2010
|Feb 18, 2014
|Tarsus Medical Inc.
|Methods and devices for treating hallux valgus
|Jun 3, 2010
|Apr 15, 2014
|Tarsus Medical Inc.
|Methods and devices for treating hallux valgus
|Nov 5, 2008
|Jun 10, 2014
|Abigo Medical Ab
|Device for the treatment of vaginal fungal infection
|Sep 6, 2012
|Aug 5, 2014
|Tarsus Medical Inc.
|Methods and devices for treating a structural bone and joint deformity
|Feb 13, 2009
|Oct 28, 2014
|Tarsus Medical Inc.
|Methods and devices for treating hallux valgus
|Apr 15, 2013
|Mar 24, 2015
|Jennie Song
|Hosiery with padded soles
|Sep 6, 2013
|Feb 23, 2016
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Fabric covered polymeric prosthetic liner
|Oct 15, 2001
|Apr 17, 2003
|Brown William R.
|Elastomeric grips for personal care products
|Feb 20, 2003
|Aug 26, 2004
|Crunkleton James A.
|Symptomatic relief for soft corns
|Sep 20, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Richard Schukraft
|Finger/toe tip protective apparatus
|Feb 6, 2004
|Aug 11, 2005
|Green Allan L.
|Diabetic toe protectors
|May 2, 2005
|Oct 27, 2005
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Tube sock-shaped covering
|Jun 22, 2004
|Dec 22, 2005
|Nelson Thomas M
|Fluid filled body padding for fall protection
|Aug 14, 2006
|Jan 25, 2007
|Wellgate Products, Llc
|Orthopedic support devices with one or more lower modulus transition cuffs
|Jul 20, 2005
|Jan 25, 2007
|Wellgate Products, Llc
|Orthopedic devices with compressive elastomer formed directly onto a base material
|Dec 12, 2005
|Jun 14, 2007
|Wen-Chieh Chan
|Toe glove device
|Dec 20, 2005
|Jun 21, 2007
|Niemi Willard J
|Metatarsal implant
|Jun 22, 2007
|Dec 27, 2007
|Millet Innovation
|Assembled Orthopedic Retractor
|Apr 9, 2008
|Oct 9, 2008
|Millet Innovation
|Method for fixing a polymer gel component
|Sep 14, 2007
|Mar 19, 2009
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Reinforced prosthetic suspension sleeve
|Nov 5, 2008
|May 21, 2009
|Sten Bjornberg
|Device for the treatment of vaginal fungal infection
|Jan 30, 2008
|Feb 11, 2010
|Textile device for body protection
|Sep 9, 2009
|Mar 11, 2010
|Smith Jan G
|Method and a product to reduce and treat problems associated with tinea pedis
|Jan 26, 2009
|Jul 29, 2010
|Miller Richard P
|Friction pad clothing support and method of use
|Feb 13, 2009
|Aug 19, 2010
|Lettmann Jason W
|Methods and devices for treating hallux valgus
|Sep 25, 2009
|Mar 31, 2011
|Sand Paul M
|Methods and devices for treating a structural bone and joint deformity
|Feb 23, 2010
|Aug 25, 2011
|The Ohio Willow Wood Company
|Polymeric Prosthetic Liner With Controlled Stretch Characteristics
|Dec 1, 2011
|Brown Adam C
|Orthopedic Device for the Treatment of Capsulitis
|Apr 15, 2013
|Dec 19, 2013
|Jennie Song
|Hosiery With Padded Soles
|Jan 17, 2014
|Jul 17, 2014
|Cassandra Cantrall
|Protective toe sleeve for use during aquatic activity
|Nov 26, 2013
|May 28, 2015
|Judith Kathleen Knez
|Toe Tunic For Big Toe Pain
|Mar 11, 2015
|Apr 12, 2016
|Marshall J. Pettygrove
|Moisturizing finger cover
|May 8, 2015
|Aug 16, 2016
|Regina B. Casperson
|Elastomeric tubular drawstring casing
|Mar 10, 2011
|May 8, 2013
|Orthopedic device for the mechanical treatment of hallux valgus
|Mar 10, 2011
|Feb 25, 2015
|Orthopedic device for the mechanical treatment of hallux valgus
|Jul 24, 2013
|Jan 29, 2014
|Vitry Freres
|Device for protecting and correcting hallux valgus
|May 28, 1997
|Dec 4, 1997
|Yates Paul M
|Seamless gel cushion and method of manufacture
|May 19, 2000
|Nov 30, 2000
|Epitact Md S.A.
|Elastic sleeve with a viscoelastic lining for the protection or care of fingers or toes
|Sep 19, 2000
|Mar 29, 2001
|Merrild Bente Kaethe Yonne
|Sock or stocking for therapeutic use
|Jul 20, 2001
|Jan 31, 2002
|Holden Perriann M
|Protective attachment
|Aug 25, 2003
|Mar 4, 2004
|Kjell Kalgraf
|Method and device for treating athletes's foot
|Oct 4, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Millet Innovation
|Method for fixing a polymer gel component
|Oct 4, 2006
|May 31, 2007
|Millet Innovation
|Method for fixing a polymer gel component
|Mar 1, 2006
|Sep 7, 2007
|Technogel Italia S.R.L.
|Ergonomic garment, particularly for sport and leisure, and method for manufacturing same
|Jan 30, 2008
|Sep 4, 2008
|Textile device for body protection
|Jul 2, 2009
|Jan 21, 2010
|Millet Innovation
|Elastic sleeve with visco-elastic liner for protecting part of a limb
|Mar 10, 2011
|Sep 15, 2011
|Sarl Pody Concept
|Orthopedic device for the mechanical treatment of hallux valgus
|Dec 17, 2015
|Jun 30, 2016
|Millet Innovation
|Device for protecting the plantar padding, in particular during a sporting activity
|U.S. Classification
|128/893, 128/894
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 28, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 1, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 15, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
A MAN will next week tell the Royal Commission into child sex abuse how a Catholic priest groomed and abused two generations of young men in his family over three decades.
Paul Hersbach, 37, will speak out against the late Father Victor Gabriel Rubeo at the inquiry's first Melbourne hearings, starting on Monday.
Mr Hersbach suffered a decade of abuse from before the age of 10. Years later his father Tony revealed he had also been abused by the same priest.
The priest lived in the family home, accompanied them on holidays and even officiated at Mr Hersbach's parents' wedding and the baptism of four children — all the while perpetrating years of abuse.
Mr Hersbach says he triumphed over his attacker by breaking the cycle of abuse.
"The cycle could have continued and it didn't," he said.
"I have succeeded in some way and recovered in some way. It has taken me over 15 years of hard work to get to that point," he said.
"The church dealt with me through the Melbourne Response, which up until now has not been publicly scrutinised. The Royal Commission is a fantastic way for that to occur.''
Mr Hersbach will make his statement in public on Monday, supported by his father in the public gallery.
The Commission has heard shocking stories from victims across Australia.
Cardinal George Pell will give evidence via video link on August 21.
The public hearings will be streamed live on the Commission's website.
Originally published as Family priest abused me ... and my father


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text:
Ships In the Night
Vicki Lawrence
Open iTunes to preview, buy, and download music.
|14 Songs
Customer Reviews
"Ships in the Night" re-released!
I had only been able to find this gem on very worn old vinyl. I'm guessing it sounded perfect when originally pressed, but favorites are the first to wear out. Anyway, this release is from the magnetic master and I am so grateful to whoever thought to do it up for iTunes. Now we need Newborn Woman.
Born: May 26, 1949 in Inglewood, CA
Genre: Pop
Years Active: '70s
Famed actress, comedian, singer, and dancer Vicki Lawrence has appeared in television shows, on Broadway and in nightclubs. Her career included shows with such popular actors as Carol Burnett, Harvey Korman, and Tim Conway. Born in Inglewood, CA, Vicki Lawrence's interest in singing and dancing began at an early age. During high school, she was a cheerleader and voted Most Likely to Succeed by her class. From 1965 to 1967, Lawrence sang with the Young Americans musical group and appeared in The...Full Bio
Top Albums and Songs by Vicki Lawrence
Listeners Also Bought
View in iTunes
- $11.99
- Genres: Pop, Music, Rock, Adult Contemporary, Soft Rock
- Released: 1974
- ℗ 1974 Garrett Music Enterprises, Under Exclusive License To Varese Sarabande Records LLC


text:
Comment Re:MS Hates Linux (Score 1) 484
Counter example:
A brand new AMD graphics card will happily drive two monitors at 4k from the dual-link DVI and HDMI outputs with the stock driver under Linux, with no user interaction required.
The same card, under Windows in the same computer will drive the same monitors at 4K from the HDMI output, but will limit the DVI output to a paltry 2048x1152.
And then there's the mountains of older computer hardware that still work fine under Linux but have long been abandoned by their manufacturers so don't run under any recent Windows at all.


text:
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A client should expect only the best from a Springfield remodeling company. At Bobby Shaw Propert... Read More


text:
Informatics - Gold - Chetan Seth (VI C), Ikshvaku Rustogi (VII C), Kanishk Chabbra (VIII B); Silver - Aditya Gupta (VI H), Vaani Bhatnagar (VII D) and Bronze – Ishaan Sinha (VI D), Ishita Arora (VII E).
English - Gold – Shreya Sinha (VI H), Vaani Bhatnagar (VII D), Raunak Kapoor (VIII C); Silver - Nishka Olhyan (VI H), Suyash Kumar (VII A) and Bronze – Sanya Bahera (VI C), Akshat Madan (VII F).
Talent Hunt - Gold – Nikhil Maurya (VI D), Dhruv Bansal (VII A); Silver - Antariksh Goel (VI C), Aryan Nanda (VII E) and Bronze – Ishaan Sinha (VI D), Mukund Sarda (VII E).
Science - Gold – Dhruv Kumar (VI D), Vaani Bhatnagar (VII D), Aditya Katyal (VIII E); Silver - Nikhil Maurya (VI D), Kushagra Batra (VII G), Gaurav Cheema (VIII F) and Bronze – Sanya Bahera (VI C), Dhruv Bansal (VII A), Khushdeep Dhir (VIII C).
Mathematics - Gold – Sanya Bahera (VI C), Gautam Gupta (VII E), Saaransh (VIII E) ; Silver - Parth Bhala (VI A) and Bronze – Vidur Narula (VI H).
French - Gold – Brij (VI D), Sanat (VII H); Silver - Poulina Banerjee (VI E), Suyash (VII A) and Bronze – Aryan Dogra (VII F).
General Knowledge - Gold – Aditya Wadhwa (VI A), Dhruv Bansal (VII A); Silver - Shreyas Dubey (VI G), Harneet Singh (VII A) and Bronze – Ayush Verma (VI H), Krish Kumar (VII I).
Social Science - Gold – Shreyas Dubey (VI G), Suyash Kumar (VII A).
Hindi - Gold – Antariksh Goel (VI C) and Dhruv Bansal (VII A).
Students of St. Mark's Sr. Sec. Public School, Meera Bagh participated in the Tennis O Holic Tennis Championship organized by Sports O Holic at St. Sophia Sr. Sec. School, Paschim Vihar from 15 to 17 April, 2016.
Prateek Yadav (VIII B) and Anirudh Chilwar (IX E) secured the I Position in Under – 12 and Under – 14 years category, respectively. They both also secured I position in Under – 14 Doubles Category.
Dheer Chandra (III C) also secured I Position in Under – 8 years category.


text:
Printing office to retain monopoly power
The Government Printing Office will continue its century-old monopoly on federal agencies' printing jobs, under an agreement the Bush administration announced Friday. The agreement ends Office of Management and Budget Director Mitch Daniels' year-long quest to let agencies avoid using the printing office as their middle man.
New federal jobs site delayed by legal snags
A revamped federal jobs Web site designed by Monster.com has run into legal delays that may force Uncle Sam to give other companies a chance to work on the site.


text:
Telephone & Addresses
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Mary Bachman
10950 Monroe NY
Mary Bachman (Age: 55)
91405 Van Nuys CA
Mary Bachman (Age: 58)
04105 Falmouth ME
Mary Bachman, 38, Fort Ripley, US, Koering Rd
View Mary's social profiles and photos on Facebook, MySpace, and +40 Networks.
Yellow Page contacts
Network Profiles
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Mary Bachman on Prezi
Mary Bachman Mary Bachman is using Prezi to create and share presentations online.
Mary Bachman | MaxPreps
Mary Bachman's high school sports timeline. MaxPreps has events and updates about Mary Bachman while she was playing basketball at ...
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Mary Bachman. on 19 October 2015. Comments (0). Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse. More presentations by Mary Bachman ...
Women Writers of the 17th and 18th Century by Mary Bachman on Prezi
Women Writers of the 17th and 18th Century. No description. by Mary Bachman on 28 February 2011 19 Tweet ...
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Mary Bachman | Aria Systems, Inc | Email @ariasystems.com
Mary Bachman is the Technical Writer of Aria Systems, Inc. Lead411's profile includes an email address, @ariasystems.com, linkedin, biography, etc
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Mary Bachman | Infographic | Career Portfolio | Beyond.com
Mary Bachman. Independence, LA 70443. Job Function. Customer Service. //www.beyond.com/FB32BB8A-AD97-4D49-A04D-9B2E1E0B6125. × ...
Mary Bachman DeSilva (Boston University, Boston) on ...
Mary Bachman DeSilva of Boston University, Boston with expertise in Quantitative Social Research, Qualitative Social Research is on ResearchGate. Read 18 …
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Mary Bachman DeSilva - Publications - researchgate.net
ResearchGate is a network dedicated to science and research. Connect, collaborate and discover scientific publications, jobs and conferences. All for free.
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Contact Us | Healthy Communities
McLeod County Coordinator Kerry Ward 320.864.3185 email@example.com. Sibley County Coordinator Mary Bachman 507.237.4048
(1 - 4 from 42
classmates: Mary Bachman
Baton Rouge High School, Baton Rouge, LA, 1975-1979
classmates: Mary Bachman
Benson High School, Omaha, NE, 1965-1969
classmates: Mary B. Bachman
St. Agnes Academic High School, College Point, NY, 1939-1946
classmates: Mary Ann Bachman
Mt. St. Dominic Academy High School, Caldwell, NJ, 1952-1956
Bad news
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legacy.com: Mary Bachman
CHRISTIANSBURG — Mary A. Bachman, of Christiansburg, passed away on Wednesday, Feb. 17, 2016. A funeral Mass will be held on Saturday, Feb 20, 2016, at 9:30 a.m in the
legacy.com: Mary Bachman
ST. PARIS - Mary A. Bachman, age 101, of Christiansburg passed away on Wednesday, February 17, 2016 in Dayview Care Center, New Carlisle. Born on September 1, 1914 in Auglaize
legacy.com: Mary Ann Bachman
West Bend...Mary Bachman, 67 of West Bend died Tuesday, August 11, 2015 at the Palo Alto County Hospital in Emmetsburg. Services will be held Monday, August 17, 10:30 AM at Sts.
Mary Bachman Hershey (1847-1897) Grave Site Cemetery: Mount Joy ...
The grave site of Mary Bachman Hershey. Cemetery: Mount Joy Cemetery Birth: 1847 Death: 1897.
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Mary Bachman (Sherrer) (deceased) - Genealogy - Geni
Genealogy for Mary Bachman (Sherrer) (deceased) family tree on Geni, with over 140 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
Mary E Bachman - Reading, Pennsylvania - FamilyTreeNow.com
Mary Bachman. Michael S Bachman, 49, Dec 1966. Nancy J Bachman, 53, May 1962. Tustin L Bechman, 27, Oct 1988. Noreen McMahon Hart, 77, Jan 1939 ...
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H. Elhannan Winchester Miles1817 - 1886; W. Mary Bachman1831 - 1882. m. 4 Feb 1850. Add another spouse & children. Facts and Events ...
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Choosing is Fun by Steve Hayes, Mary Bachman - Reviews ...
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Mary Bachman - AbeBooks
Gods World of Colors (Happy Day Books) by Bachman, Mary and a great selection of similar Used, New and Collectible Books available now at AbeBooks.com.
Mary Bachman (Open Library)
Books by Mary Bachman ... True to the Bible-Stories About Jesus 1 edition - first published in 1999
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
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Mary Bachman - Academia.edu
Mary Bachman studies Nurses, Health practitioners, and Health Sciences.
MARY vs Chaminade University (Sep 04, 2011)
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Mary Bachman DeSilva,Boston University,Immunology,Diseases,Psychiatry & Psychology. Edit Mary Bachman …
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Real-Time Adherence Device among...
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Real-Time Adherence Device among HIV- Positive IDU Patients in China. Mary Bachman DeSilva, 1 ,* Allen L.
Publications Authored by Mary Bachman Desilva
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Mary Bachman | Writer Profile | The Harvard Crimson
By Mary Bachman and Peretz Kidron April 09, 2002. As the bloodshed spins out of control in Israel and the occupied territories, there are a number of important ...
Mary Bachman Quick - Obituaries - poconorecord.com - Stroudsburg, PA
Mary Bachman Quick, died Wednesday, March 24, at Twining Village Health Center in Holland. Born in Stroudsburg, she lived most of her life in the Yardley and...
Reports & Statements
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Wikipedia: John Bachman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Bachman Website; John Bachman: A Life of Service, a short biographical sketch written in the late 1970s by Mary Bachman Hoover, Bachman's …
Mary Bachman: Art, Design & Photography | Redbubble
Art, Design & Photography by Mary Bachman. ... Portfolio. Mary Bachman. Albuquerque, United States. Follow Send BubbleMail · Profile · Portfolio · Shop ...
Jerome SHIMER m Mary Bachman i - Genealogy.com
Jerome SHIMER m Mary Bachman in PA ca 1875. By Christene Wade June 20, 2002 at 09:17:13. I have recently found info that my grandfather, John William ...
Google Groups: yes
05.04.2009: ... to: ... subject: fw: yes date: thu, 12 mar 2009 15:23:08 -0400 interesting! linda ----- original message ----- from: mary bachman to: ray ...
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Mary Bachman Insurance Agent - City of Manistee Manistee, Michigan
Find details on Mary Bachman at City of Manistee in Manistee, Michigan. See contact information, company ratings, insurance specialties and more.
Mary Bachman & Steve Maxson - Wedding Registry - The Knot
Mary Bachman and Steve Maxson from Holland, PA have registered at Amazon and Bed Bath & Beyond for their wedding on November 21, 2015. Browse all ...
Idaho Why I Give - Mary Bachman & Bill Downing | …
Mary Bachman and Bill Downing have been supporters of The Nature Conservancy in Idaho for such a long time that they can't recall first learning about the organization!
Mary Bachman Gives Pastel Presentation | Riverside …
Well known area artist, Mary Bachman, gives a Pastel Presentation in the gallery on Saturday Oct 27, 2012.
Mary Bachman - born in 1927 in Ohio (OH) - 1940 US Census
Mary Bachman was a woman born in 1927 in Ohio. During the 1940 US Census she was 13 years old and lived in Hamilton, Ohio. She appears as the daughter ...
Mary Bachman Exhibit at Riverside Arts Center | Dee Overly Online
Mary Bachman Exhibit at Riverside Arts Center. Tuesday, June 11th, 2013 at 8:53 pm. White Oak by Mary Bachman. White Oak: Gone But Not Forgotten.
Mary Bachman Retrospective Exhibit | Riverside Arts Center |
Our June 2013 exhibit contains 121 pieces of art by Mary Bachman.
Mary Bachman fills Riverside Arts Center, and your senses with her ...
Mary Bachman has been making and exhibiting art for many years. A former art teacher and weaver, her skills as an artist encompass a range ...
Collector's Guide to Hair Combs by Mary Bachman ID by ...
This 143 page book on Hair Combs by Mary Bachman is in lightly used condition. It is a 5 1/2 by 8 1/2 full color soft cover edition. Please view the
mary bachman pic « The VW independent
mary bachman pic. Digg this post · facebook Recommend on Facebook · myspace Share via ... Mary Bachman. POSTED: 10/20/11 at 4:46 pm. FILED UNDER:.
Benjamin HERR/Mary BACHMAN - The Pennocks of Primitive Hall
Wife: Mary BACHMAN. Born: at: Died: UNKNOWN at: Father:Michael BACHMAN Mother:Elizabeth SWARR Other Spouses: CHILDREN. Name: Christian ...
Choosing Is Fun/3580 (Happy Days Books) by Mary Bachman ...
Home > Choosing Is Fun/3580 (Happy Days Books) by Mary Bachman ~ Paperback ... Author: Mary Bachman. Language: English. Binding: Paperback.
Mary BACHMAN - phillipsplace.net
NameMary BACHMAN 73. FatherHenry BACHMAN (1717->1792). MotherElizabeth —— (-<1788). Last Modified 30 Aug 1996Created 5 Aug 2014 using ...
Mary Bachman - 2016 Race for the Roses - Half Marathon - Apr 17 ...
Mary Bachman's · 2016 Race for the RosesHalf MarathonApr 17, 2016 | Portland, OR ... Mary Bachman. hometown: Federal Way WA; age: 55 ...
Mary Bachman - Minnesota Girls Hockey Hub
Mary Bachman #11·F Sartell/Sauk Rapids · 2009-2010. Other Teams. Sartell/Sauk Rapids · 2009-2010 · Minnesota Girls High School Hockey. Nophoto ...
Mary Bachman | Homerton College
We have more en-suite rooms than any other Cambridge College, and our rents are the lowest in Cambridge
Mary Bachman's Court Cases in Wisconsin - WiCourtCaseSearch.com
The name, Mary Bachman, has 9 Civil, Criminal Traffic, Family, Informal Probate, Probate and Small Claims court case(s) associated with it in Fond du Lac, ...
Bachman Tours
Mary Bachman has been a self-employed tour-operator since 1996. She brings a a wealth of experience in many areas of interest. She has an undergraduate ...
Mary Bachman Iverson - TimesRepublican.com | News, Sports, Jobs ...
Former Marshalltown, Iowa resident Mary Iverson died peacefully in her Carmel, California home on Tuesday, April 27, 201.
Meeker-McLeod-Sibley SHIP - Minnesota Department of Health
SHIP Coordinator. Mary Bachman firstname.lastname@example.com. Community Leadership Team. Linda Bauck-Todd, Minnesota Department of Health; Mary Caskey, ...
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Panel tackles pertinent immigration questions
Last week's event in the series "Conflict. Civility. Respect. Peace. Northeastern Reflects" asked the question, "What is America"?..
Read more »
University of California, Berkeley
Elizabeth Maddock Dillon is Professor and Chair of the Department of English and Co-director of the NULab for Texts, Maps, and Networks at Northeastern University. She teaches courses in the fields of early American literature, Atlantic theatre and performance, and transatlantic print culture. She is the author of New World Drama: The Performative Commons in the Atlantic World, 1649-1849 (Duke University Press, 2014) which won the Barnard Hewitt Award for Outstanding Research in Theatre History from the American Society for Theatre Research and The Gender of Freedom: Fictions of Liberalism and the Literary Public Sphere (Stanford University Press, 2004), which won the Heyman Prize for Outstanding Publication in the Humanities at Yale University. She is co-editor with Michael Drexler of The Haitian Revolution and the Early U.S.: Histories, Geographies, Textualities, which is forthcoming from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
She has published widely in journals on topics from aesthetics, to the novel and performance in the early Atlantic world, to Barbary pirates. She is the co-director of the Futures of American Studies Institute at Dartmouth College and the former the chair of the American Literature Section of the Modern Language Association. She currently serves on the editorial boards of Signs and the Women Writers Project and has served on the editorial boards of Early American Literature and American Literature and the advisory board of PMLA. She is the founder of the award-winning crowd-sourced digital archive Our Marathon: The Boston Bombing Digital Archive, and the co-founder and co-director of the Early Caribbean Digital Archive.


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Fans come first in the world of sports. At Fanatics, we embody that in everything we do as we bring you the very best officially licensed sports apparel. As official partners of the NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL, our emphasis is always on a top-notch experience for fans everywhere. Soccer fans can score a goal on team pride with our new assortment of MLS and World Football apparel. And any Fanatics shopper can take advantage of our free Fanatics Rewards program, awarding 5% FanCash back on all purchases to build credit for more gear. Our Satisfaction Guarantee is unmatched in the industry and ensures you get the most out of your shopping experience every time. Fanatics isn't just a leading sports apparel provider - we're fans just like you, and always put the fan first in everything we do.
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Reviewed by 1 customer
- Black Is The New Black
- Comfortable
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Best Uses
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Great fit, very comfortable.
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- Feels true to length
- Was this a gift?:
- No


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Articles tagged yes king
6 Nov 2007 // 10:00 PM
The knowledge that Roots, Rock, Remixed is endorsed by the folks in charge of Marley's legacy lends it a sense of legitimacy. Plus, DJ Shadow's involved. How bad could it be?READ more
//Mixed media
Crippled Black Phoenix "Winning a Losing Battle" (premiere) + Interview // Music
Donovan Woods "What They Mean" (video) (premiere) // Music
Stewart Eastham "Leavin' By Sundown" (premiere) // Music
Andre Cymone "Hallelujah" (premiere) // Music
//Pm Picks
20 Questions: Rachael Yamagata
// Sound Affects
"After a four year break since her last album, Rachael Yamagata reveals a love of spreadsheets, a love for Streisand, and why it's totally OK to suck at playing guitar.READ the article


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Laguna Tumbler, fluted, 16oz.
Product Code: LT16
Product Specs
Shipping Weight: 0.22 pounds
Manufactured By: Cambro
Product Code: LT16
All products are new from the manufacturer with full warranty.
Image Note: We do our best to use the actual product image, however the image shown above may not be the exact model & style. Please read the product description carefully for complete details.
Product Description
Laguna® Tumbler
fluted 16 oz. impact resistant plastic lightweight break-resistant SAN clear


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|Home Decor
My name is Melissa and I have a passion for creating crochet items for the outdoor and farm lifestyle.
I started crocheting when I was 7; my mom handed me a crochet hook and yarn with instructions ...
My name is Melissa and I have a passion for creating crochet items for the outdoor and farm lifestyle.
I started crocheting when I was 7; my mom handed me a crochet hook and yarn with instructions to "learn"! She wasn't able to teach me her own methods because she was left handed and I'm right handed, but I worked it out and I have been crocheting ever since! I love making crochet items for people! There really is no better feeling than making something by hand for someone who really appreciates and loves that item!
I'm a wife and home school mom to three wonderful kids (two girls and a boy). We live on a farm in Nebraska with our chickens, Boer goats, Nubian goats, Alpacas, llamas and rabbits. God has truly blessed us!!
I started my Etsy and Ravlery stores in 2006 after we found out our middle daughter had a very rare cranial condition. I couldn't work outside of the home due to her surgeries and regular doctor visits. Our brave little girl is one of only nine people in the US with this type of issue and she is the only one with her specific condition. She has had four surgeries in six years and suffers from migraine headaches every day! Having my Etsy and Ravelry shops allows me to make a little extra income for our family while still being able to take care of her special medical needs, so it has been a real blessing for us!
Things were going well with my Etsy and Ravelry shop, but then in February 2010 I had a stroke at the age of 29 and I had to take a break from making and selling on Etsy and Ravelry in order to recover. I had to relearn to do pretty much everything in my daily life and that included relearning how to crochet, but I persevered and eventually got back on track! I reopened my store in April 2016 and I'm excited about getting it up and running again! My shops are growing over time with new items being added.
I like the creativity of working on crochet projects; there are so many things you can make with yarn and so many beautiful colors to choose from! I love watching as something comes to life in my hands! I find inspiration for my projects in many places including my family, our goats, pets, nature and everyday life.
Baby Stroller Crochet Pattern!
There are over 18 pictures to help you along the way!
Color A, this will be the main color of the buggy.
Color B, this will be used for the handle and tire part of the wheel.
H hook.
Amount of Yarn
Small amount
Less than 1/4 of a skeen.
Less than 1.5 ounces
Less than 50 gms
Less than 75 yards
Less than 50 meters
Play around with colors and just have fun!
You can use any weight of yarn or even crochet thread if you want.
Can be made without the handle, if you want.
Add a hanger on it to make it an ornament.
Very quick to make, I can make a full one in 10-15 minutes.
Please be sure to check the end of the pattern for pictures!
74 yards of Worsted weight


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Cocker Spaniel Puppies near Kilmarnock, Ayrshire
- Search Results :
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Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 Cocker Spaniel Litters near KA1
Port & Gib Ch Gessa D'Aran Papparazzi (Imp Esp) x Elroamy'S Wee Gem
North Ayrshire
16th August 2016
Sire Health Tested
12 Miles
Tia and Arran are delighted to announce the arrival of their second litter of grgeous blue roan puppies . Both parents & pups from previous litter have stunning temperaments , looks and excellent show pedigrees.
Puppies are reared in the home , well handled by kids and becoming used to everyday household noises.
1 dog available for sale. If you would like to offer this special puppiy a forever home , then please call for more details .
Swed Ch Art-Wave'S Smash and Grab (Imp Swe) x Amaclassic Blue Thunder
East Ayrshire
3rd August 2016
Dam Health Tested
14 Miles
This is our last litter by rob our imp from Sweden before going back to Sweden to become a champion which he done in a week being back. This is a wonderful litter the puppies mother has produce a stunning 1st litter so very excited to see how this litter grow. Puppies are clear for pra and fn by parantage and available to 5 star homes
Displaying 1 - 2 of 2 Cocker Spaniel Litters near KA1


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Located 2.4 mi (3.9 km) from Expo Five, Americas Best Value Inn Louisville is within a 10-minute drive of Churchill Downs. This 46-room hotel welcomes guests with conveniences like free breakfast, a 24-hour fitness center, and free in-room WiFi. It's near the airport and also near Iroquois Park and Kentucky Derby Museum.
Start your day off right with a free continental breakfast offered each morning.
Americas Best Value Inn Louisville's 46 rooms are air-conditioned and provide microwaves, coffee makers, and free newspapers. Guests can expect 32-inch plasma TVs with satellite channels, along with free WiFi and wired Internet. Bathrooms offer hair dryers and free toiletries. Other amenities include free local calls, ironing boards, and desks.
Property features
Guests of Americas Best Value Inn Louisville enjoy features like a 24-hour fitness center, free WiFi in public areas, and a computer station. Free parking is included with your stay. The front desk is staffed 24/7 to help secure valuables, and answer any questions about the accommodations. This hotel also has express check-out.
- Free continental breakfast
- Free WiFi in rooms and public areas
- Free parking
- 24-hour fitness center
Americas Best Value Inn Louisville1735 Stewart Ave Louisville KY 40216
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This Louisville hotel also offers a 24-hour fitness center, express check-out, and a safe deposit box at the front desk. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- 24-hour front desk
- Express check-out
- Total number of rooms - 46
- Number of floors - 3
- Elevator/lift
- Breakfast service
- Free breakfast
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Computer station
- Free WiFi
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Year Built 2007
- Free self parking
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Free newspaper
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Microwave
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Shower/tub combination
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Plasma TV
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast each morning.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Skydiving nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
To make special requests for accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-in time ends at 4 AM
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
No cribs (infant beds) available
Optional extras
- Rollaway beds are available for an additional fee
Hotel Name
- Americas Best Value Inn Hotel Louisville
- Americas Best Value Inn Louisville
- Motel 6 Louisville Airport Hotel Louisville
- Americas Best Value Inn Louisville Hotel
- Best Western Dixie Hotel Louisville


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We would like to thank Dante Amengual, Marco Capasso, Marc Hallin, Roman Liska and Uta Pigorsch for providing their codes, Christian Schumacher for sending the German database, Clément Marsilli for excellent research assistance, as well as the participants of the 29th International Symposium on Forecasting, San Diego, US, June 2010, and the 6th Colloquium on Modern Tools for Business Cycle Analysis, Luxembourg, September 2010. In addition, we would like to thank two anonymous referees for helpful remarks. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Banque de France and the International Monetary Fund.
Testing the Number of Factors: An Empirical Assessment for a Forecasting Purpose*
Version of Record online: 21 DEC 2012
DOI: 10.1111/obes.12010
© Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Department of Economics, University of Oxford 2012
Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics
Special Issue: Large Data Sets
Volume 75, Issue 1, pages 64–79, February 2013
Additional Information
How to Cite
Barhoumi, K., Darné, O. and Ferrara, L. (2013), Testing the Number of Factors: An Empirical Assessment for a Forecasting Purpose. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75: 64–79. doi: 10.1111/obes.12010
- †
Publication History
- Issue online: 21 DEC 2012
- Version of Record online: 21 DEC 2012
- Final Manuscript Received: October 2012
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Serviced and Virtual Offices, and Their Services
Serviced and virtual offices offer communication services that include a remote receptionist, office space, voicemail, call centers, phone answering services and a virtual assistant. Space services provided include a live virtual receptionist, internet, printers, phones, video conferencing facility, business lounge, kitchen, space for business meetings, receptionist, executive suits, mailing and professional addresses, a casual working space, a secretary, virtual office solutions and other business services that may be needed.
These offices can be used by businesses based at home, the trade industry, agencies, groups, sales representatives, law firms, accountants, senior managers, real estate businesses, doctors, stock brokers, instructors, consultants and other small businesses.
It does not matter whether you just established your business or you have been in business for a long time because benefits offered by the offices are immediately realized. These offices are less expensive as compared to traditional offices. They also ensure that your business maintains an image that is professional just like traditional offices.
A virtual office allows you to expand your business at a lower cost and does not involve commuting to workplace that normally occurs every day. The office receptionists get rid of the burden that comes with having a real receptionist like insurance and payrolls.
Serviced and virtual offices also allow you to focus only on your business growth as the rest is taken care of. These offices have short leasing periods, hence offering flexibility to either expand or reduce size. Businesses using serviced and virtual offices experience increased productivity and efficient operations leading to it achieving its goals. When a business is moved to a different place, it maintains its mailing address. A serviced office can also offer privacy if needed by a business.
There are many virtual/service office outsourcers that provide these services around the globe. A number of companies also exist that can assist you to find a provider that will help meet your goals and requirements. They can help you with the cost negotiations and in case of a service room, to visit the various sites and see what they offer in order to choose the best option available at no extra cost.
If you are tired of the hassles associated with the traditional offices and want to focus on your business goals entirely, then this is the best option for you. The benefits of such offices are without a doubt immense.


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1. Introduction
[2] The Tyrrhenian Sea is a young (<10 Ma) extensional basin that formed within a complex convergent boundary between Africa and Europe (Figure 1a). It is surrounded by an arcuate orogenic belt consisting of the Apennines in the Italian peninsula, the Calabrian Arc in southern Italy and the Maghrebides in Sicily. This arcuate belt has been subjected to processes associated with subduction of a west dipping lithospheric slab, and simultaneously with back arc extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea [e.g., Malinverno and Ryan, 1986]. Both crustal and lithospheric processes are well documented by geological and geophysical data, making the Tyrrhenian-Apennine region an ideal natural laboratory for studying geodynamic interactions linking subduction processes, collisional tectonics and back arc extension [e.g., Faccenna et al., 1996, 2001a, 2001b; Gvirtzman and Nur, 2001].
[3] The Tyrrhenian Sea is a back arc basin associated with eastward "rollback" of a west dipping subduction zone [e.g., Malinverno and Ryan, 1986; Kastens et al., 1988; Patacca and Scandone, 1989; Gvirtzman and Nur, 1999, 2001; Faccenna et al., 2001a, 2001b]. The driving mechanism for slab rollback is the negative buoyancy of the slab in comparison with the surrounding asthenosphere [e.g., Elsasser, 1971; Molnar and Atwater, 1978; Dewey, 1980; Garfunkel et al., 1986], implying partial coupling of the descending slab to the forearc. The gravitational instability may result in a gradual steepening of the dip of the subducting slab and in an oceanward retreat (i.e., rollback) of the subducting hinge. If the rate of hinge rollback exceeds the rate of convergence, then extension will start on the edge of the overriding plate leading to the opening of a back arc basin [Dewey, 1980; Nur et al., 1993; Royden, 1993].
[4] The purpose of this paper is to evaluate spatial and temporal constraints that help to link the geometry of the subducting slab with the history of subduction rollback and back arc extension in the Tyrrhenian-Apennine region. We show that consideration of these constraints provides an insight into the tectonic evolution of the region and better understanding of the tectonic responses caused by tearing of a retreating slab.


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Okra and Stewed Tomato Pirlau
PIRLAU, A SOUTHERN low-country rice stew, has the body of a risotto but without the starchy, buttery richness. Typically made with plenty of game, poultry, seafood or vegetables, this version of pirlau (pronounced pur-loo) showcases okra, one of summer's most underutilized and misunderstood green vegetables.
Chef Frank Stitt, who fuses Southern ingredients and traditions with a classic French approach, was instrumental in spearheading the food world's embrace of Southern cuisine. The owner of three restaurants and mentor to countless younger chefs, Mr. Stitt incorporates what he picked up during a formative year spent cooking and eating in France in 1978 into his work.
The Chef: Frank Stitt
His Restaurants: Highlands Bar and Grill, Chez Fonfon and Bottega Restaurant and Cafe, all in Birmingham, Ala.
What He's Known For: Refining and lightening up Southern food with French techniques. Advocating for local farmers and farmers' markets.
Southern food, Mr. Stitt said, can be broken down into three categories: hill country Appalachian, low-country and Louisiana Cajun and Creole. Low-country cuisine, he said, tends to be produce- and rice-rich. "You can turn anything into a pirlau," Mr. Stitt said. "It can go in any direction." Pirlaus tend to be subtle and comforting and typically lack loud notes. In this recipe, Mr. Stitt keeps the flavors balanced but adds extra taste by way of garlic and a bouquet garni. The bacon provides hunks of porky goodness.
Mr. Stitt, 58, brought Provençal cuisine and all its refinement to Birmingham in 1982 when he opened Highlands Bar and Grill. At the time, he said, the best restaurant in town was at the Hyatt Hotel, where he had worked as an assistant manager and sommelier (Mr. Stitt oversees the wine programs at all of his restaurants). This summer, Highland's menu includes duck with roasted peaches, spoonbread and crème de cassis, as well as a decadent pork confit with house-made sausage, rattlesnake beans, pink-eyed peas and new potatoes. The James Beard Foundation recently nominated Highlands, for the fourth time, for outstanding restaurant, and inducted Mr. Stitt into the Who's Who of Food and Beverage in America.
Mr. Stitt's pirlau is studded with bite-size pieces of okra. When it comes to this vegetable—which tastes a bit like mild green pepper (and has a slippery texture that puts off some)—he said "there is a rivalry between people who think it should only be fried and people, like me, who like it best boiled with a bit of butter or stewed."
To add flavor to the delicate, bullet-shaped green, Mr. Stitt first builds a base by softening bacon (preferably cut from a slab) in olive oil. After the drippings are rendered and the meat is soft but not crisped, the bacon is set aside and the onions and peppers get stirred into the fat. When that cooks down with thyme and bay leaves, canned tomatoes are stirred in. Once the tomatoes melt into the dish, add the water, basmati rice and okra.
Unlike a risotto, this rice stew doesn't require adding the cooking liquid incrementally nor does it demand vigilant stirring. Simply let the rice and okra simmer for 15 minutes and voilà, a smoky-sweet dish emerges. Just before serving, add the bacon and scatter a basil chiffonade overtop. If you happen to have some country ham on hand, Mr. Stitt recommends garnishing the dish with slivers of that, too.
—Kitty Greenwald
Okra & Tomato Pirlau
Total Time: 35 minutes
Serves: 4-6
1 tablespoon olive oil
3 ounces slab bacon, cut into ¼-inch dice
1 cup sweet onion, such as Vidalia, diced
½ cup red bell pepper, diced
1 garlic clove, smashed and chopped fine
2 sprigs thyme
2 bay leaves
14 ounces canned tomatoes, chopped
2½ cups water, plus extra as needed
Kosher salt
2 cups okra, stems removed and sliced ½-inch thick
1 cup basmati rice
Black pepper
Fresh basil leaves, torn or sliced into ribbons, for garnish
Country ham or prosciutto slivers (optional)
What To Do
1.In a deep pot, warm oil over medium heat. Once hot, saute bacon until soft but not crisp, about 2 minutes. Remove bacon with a slotted spoon and set aside.
2. Stir onion and pepper into pot. Cook over medium-low heat until soft, about 8 minutes. Add garlic, thyme and bay leaves. Cook until fragrant but not colored, 1-2 minutes.
3. Stir in tomatoes and their juices, water and a pinch of salt. Increase heat and bring to a simmer. Stir while roughly smashing tomatoes.
4. Add okra and rice. Stir, cover and cook at a gentle simmer until rice is tender, about 15 minutes. Add extra splashes of water, as needed.
5. Season with pepper and salt, to taste. Stir in reserved bacon. To serve, garnish each plate with basil ribbons and ham, if using.
Explore More
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Curtis Stone's Recipe for Grilled Porterhouse With Creamed Corn


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First off, I wish to say that this is NOT a slam against one carrier, but instead praise for another.
I recently made a trip to Las Vegas and had the opportunity to fly Frontier (BNA-DEN-LAS, flights 239 & 771) for the first time. The return was on Delta (LAS-CVG-BNA, 1724 & 5085).
I had no real expectations about F9 going in. I must say I am sold on this wonderful airline. I was greeted by very friendly and outgoing people at every aspect of the trip, check-in, in-flight and in DEN. My first flights on Airbus metal were also notably pleasant (I've always been a Boeing guy). I especially liked channel 13 on the PTV's.
DL, on the other hand, gave me the same type of experience as I have gotten from them for the last two or three years. With only one exception, the attitude of the employees I came across was cold and stiff.
F9 acted like they were glad that I was there. DL once again acted like I was nothing more than a minor inconvenience. I can't say that DL has lost my business, but they are no longer near the top of my list of preferred airlines. F9, on the other hand, has definitely earned repeat business from me.


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Eating the wrong type of fat during pregnancy 'increases likelihood of having overweight children'
- Consumption of omega 6 fatty polyunsaturated acids in pregnancy affects children's body weight
- Women should be eating more fish oils to give children the best start in life
- But the benefits could be reduced by eating too much omega 6
Pregnant women who eat too much of the 'wrong' type of fat are likely to have fatter children, warn researchers.
They found consumption of high levels of fats found in cooking oils and nuts can affect the body weight of the child years later.
Scientists say new evidence suggests women should be eating more fish oils, known as omega 3 fatty acids, to give their children the best start in life.
Pregnant women eating the wrong type of fat, found in nuts and cooking oils (pictured) are more likely to have fatter children, researchers have warned
But their benefits could be reduced by diets that contain too much omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
There have been few studies of mother's fatty acid levels during pregnancy and offspring fat mass
Researchers assessed the fat and muscle mass of 293 boys and girls at four and six years.
The results were compared to the concentrations of different types of fatty acids measured in blood samples collected from their mothers during pregnancy.
The study found children born to mothers who had consumed greater levels of omega 6 during pregnancy had greater fat mass.
Dr Nicholas Harvey, senior lecturer
at the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit at the
University of Southampton, who led the research, said: 'These results
suggest that alterations to maternal diet during pregnancy to reduce
omega 6 PUFAs intake might have a beneficial effect on the body
composition of the developing child.'
Results from the study, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, also showed a link between a mother's levels of omega 3 and muscle mass in their children.
The higher the level of omega 3, the less fat in the baby and the more muscle and bone.
This suggests taking fish oil supplements might be beneficial in pregnancy, the authors said.
They said omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids seem to act in opposite directions on fat mass and this needs to be taken into account.
Previous trials have attempted to use omega 3 supplements in pregnancy to reduce fat mass in children – without looking at omega 6 intake.
Omega 3 fatty acids are found in oily fish and fish oil supplements, as well as pumpkin seeds and walnuts, and are essential to the development of the brain, eye and nervous system.
But they have reduced in the diet over the last two decades, often replaced by omega 6 fats, found in olive and sunflower oil.
Professor Cyrus Cooper, professor of rheumatology and director of the MRC unit, said: 'This work should help us to design interventions aimed at optimising body composition in childhood and later adulthood and thus improve the health of future generations.'
Omega 3 fats are essential to the development of the brain, eye and nervous system and are found in oily fish such as mackerel (pictured)
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