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Esther Commentary, Sermon, Illustration, Devotional
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13 Year
|Ezra 1-6
|Book of Esther
|Ezra 7-10
|Book of Nehemiah
|First Return
of Jews from
Babylonian Exile
|58 Year
|Second Return
of Jews from Babylonian Exile
|Third Return
of Jews from
Babylonian Exile
|Esther 1
Es 1:1-22
|Esther 2
Es 2:1-23
|Esther 3
Es 3:1-15
|Esther 4
Es 4:1-17
|Esther 5
Es 5:1-14
|Esther 6
Es 6:1-14
|Esther 7
Es 7:1-10
|Esther 8
Es 8:1-17
|Esther 9
Es 9:1-32
|Esther 10
Es 10:1-3
Cunning Plot
|Feast of
|Fast of
|Feast of
|Feast of
|Jewish Existence
|Gentile Setting
|Jewess Elevated
|Threat to Jews
of a Jewess
of Jews
|A Jew Exalted
|Feast of
|Feast of Esther
and Purim
|Location of Events:
|10 Years
Timeline of Ezra-Nehemiah-Esther-See page 28- excellent!
Timeline of Esther related to Ezra & Nehemiah - Parallel lines for Medo-Persian Kings & Daniel, Zechariah, Haggai and Malachi - see page 15
|Modified from Jensen's excellent work "Jensen's Survey of the Old Testament"
Key Passages: Esther 4:14, 16, Esther 8:17, Esther 9:26, 31
Key Words: See list under "Precept Ministries Inductive Study on Esther"
The Book of Esther is unusual - God's Name is not mentioned once, yet God's "Hand" is clearly present and active throughout the book, to the extent that many see the book of Esther as a veritable "treatise" on the doctrine of Divine Providence (see separate study)
Purim Music Video - Purim with a beat. Give it a listen as you ponder "For such a time as this!"
Christ in All the Scriptures
Christ in the Historical Books - Esther --
The Book of Esther is designed to show God's providential care of His people. Though the name of God is not mentioned, the hand of God, ruling and over-ruling the events for the preservation of His people, can be seen throughout.
[Footnote: Dr. Bullinger points out that some Hebrew scholars have found the name ''Jehovah'' four times repeated in acrostic form in the Book of Esther.]
In the Talmud, the question is asked: ''Where do we get Esther from the Law?'' The answer is Deuteronomy 31:18, ''And I will surely hide My face, or presence.'' God was hiding His face from His people on account of their sins; they had deliberately chosen to continue in the land of their captivity among the heathen, instead of availing themselves of the opportunity of returning to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel. The events in this book occur during the sixty years between the return of that first remnant and of the second under Ezra.
Though there is also no actual mention of prayer to God, it is distinctly implied in the mourning and fasting among the Jews when they heard the royal decree for their destruction (4:1-3); and again, when Esther ordered a three days' fast among her people before she ventured to go before the king (4:16). The Feast of Purim, instituted by Esther and Mordecai, witnesses still, not only to the truth of the narrative, but to a nation's gratitude and a memorial throughout all generations of their deliverance. ''Their fastings and their cry'' are also mentioned, and to whom could they cry but unto God? (9:17-32).
The Golden Sceptre. [Esther 4:11; 5:1-3]
The king holding out the golden sceptre has been an encouragement to many a saint of God in bringing their petitions to the King of kings.
Thou art coming to a King;
Large petitions with thee bring;
For His grace and power are such,
None can ever ask too much.
We need never fear that our King will refuse us an audience, or that we shall incur His anger by drawing nigh; but there are seasons when He seems in a special manner to hold out the golden sceptre, and to give us more abundant access to Him in prayer.
Behind the personal enmity of Haman [ch. 3] was the deeper malignity of Satan, seeking to make void the promises of God through the destruction of the whole Jewish race; for Xerxes was king over all the Jews in Palestine as well as over those in Persia and Babylon. Satan knew that the great Deliverer who was to arise of the House of David was to destroy his power, and we may trace his hand behind such events of history as Saul throwing his javelin at the youthful David [1Sam 18:9-11; 19:9,10], and Queen Athaliah's attempt to destroy all the seed royal [2Kin 11:1-3]. But God turned aside the blow in the one case, and nourished the infant Joash in the Temple courts in the other. The same enmity of the devil prompted Herod to slay the babes of Bethlehem, but God delivered His Son by sending Him into Egypt [Mat 2]. The great enemy succeeded in bruising His heel when he gathered together Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, against the Holy Child Jesus; but God raised Him from the dead.
Historic Accuracy.
There is hardly a book in the Bible, upon the trustworthiness of which there has been made so determined an attack, as the Book of Esther. [ie., The trustworthiness of the Book of Esther has been attacked by determined critics.] But the writings of Herodotus and the discoveries at Xerxe's palace of Shushan by the Frenchman Dieulafoy, together bring out the truthfulness of every detail of the story.
[Footnote: ''M. Dieulafoy has set up the bithan (apadana, the great banqueting-hall or throne-room) in the museum of the Louvre, where one can now see the remains of the marble pavement, of the hall of the feast.'' (New Biblical Guide, vol 7, p. 359, Rev. John Urquhart) ]
The relative position of the different parts of the palace and gardens fit in exactly with the account in this book. The vain and capricious character of Ahasuerus-- the Xerxes of history-- his extravagant feast, the Persian names of the courtiers, the golden couches, the sceptre, the seal, the scribes, the posts, are all matters of history, if space permitted to examine them in detail. In the account of the king's feast (ch. 1:6), the hangings of the court are described as ''white, green, and blue.'' The word translated ''green'' is really an old Persian word meaning ''fine cotton.'' So it should read ''hangings of fine purple and white cotton.'' These, Xenophon tells us, were the royal colors of Persia. The pillars of marble have been found in the court of the garden, and it is clear that the pavement was a mosaic, as described in v.6.
There have been various attempts to trace elaborate types in the Book of Esther, but the simple fact stands out that here was one who was willing to lay down her life for her people. It is here that we find Christ in the Book of Esther. A picture of Him who was not only willing, but who actually did lay down His life for us, and through whose intercession salvation is assured to us.
But the great practical lesson for us, in this book, is the all-importance of using God-given opportunities. The power of life and death lies in these opportunities both to ourselves and to others. Mordecai was so sure of God's working that he sent Esther this message: ''If thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place; but thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou are come to the kingdom for such a time as this?'' (4:14). We may be tempted to think that our opportunities are so insignificant, our circle of influence so small, that they are of little importance; if we were a great queen, like Esther, it would be a different matter. But ''who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this?'' Thou, whoever thou art, and whatever thy circumstances, thou art called to ''reign in life by One, Jesus Christ'' [Rom 5:17]. See to it that thou dost not miss thy opportunity. God has a purpose for each one of our lives. He has placed us where He can best use us for His glory. If we fail just there, it may be that He will work out His purpose in some other way; but we shall suffer untold loss. Like Esther, we must be ready to take our life in our hand and risk everything in His service.
The Old Testament Presents...
The book of Esther is one of the most beautiful stories in all literature. Even though the name of God is not mentioned in it, no book of the Bible teaches His providence more forcefully. The book covers a period of about 12 years, falling somewhere between the events recorded in the sixth and seventh chapters of Ezra. The setting is the court of Xerxes, the king of Persia. The Bible refers to him as Ahasuerus. [The name Ahasuerus is also applied to an earlier king in Ezra 4:6.] At this period in history, a great number of Jews were still living in Persia.
Haman's Ascendancy (Esther 1-5)
Haman was the enemy of the Jews and sought their extinction.
Mordecai's Ascendancy (6-10)
Mordecai was concerned for the welfare of his people, the Jews.
The record of Luke 24, particularly the journey of the risen Christ with the two disciples to Emmaus, states that ''beginning at Moses and all the prophets, He expounded unto them, in all the scriptures, the things concerning Himself'' (Luke 24:27). Where in the book of Esther, this book without the mention of God's name, do we find teachings about Christ?
I recommend that you read again the entire book to refresh your mind about the historical account. Before we consider where Christ is found in the book of Esther, we will consider some practical matters.
An unseen hand is at work behind all human affairs. Who shapes the destinies of nations-- politicians? Never! As a lad, I was fascinated by the operation of a certain machine in the Union Station in Pittsburgh. As we waited for an arriving train, we would stand at the desk in the ticket office and watch a machine with an electric pen attached. A roll of paper was located beneath that pen, and periodically it would begin to write. Some miles distant, somewhere up the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, a station- master or yard-master would be writing down the position of trains and their time of arrival on a similar scroll. The corresponding electric pen in the station would move in the exact handwriting of the originator. I was always amazed at that apparatus.
Similarly, the providential hand of an Almighty God is behind the destiny of nations. James Russell Lowell wrote,
''Truth forever on the scaffold,
All things move by the knowledge of Almighty God, and according to His ordained plan and purpose. The book of Esther is a confirmation of Psalm 11:4, ''The Lord is in His holy temple, the Lord's throne is in heaven; His eyes behold, His eyelids test the children of men.'' Woven into God's plans are the most minute details of human history. This is illustrated in the turn of events of the story of Esther. The rejection of a Gentile queen, the choice of Esther, and the finding of the records led finally to the exaltation of Mordecai and the sparing of the Jewish race.
Providence is not blind fate. The word ''providence'' means, ''foresight coupled with activity.'' God alone is able to act on the basis of foreknowledge. The book of Esther sets forth two great doctrines: man's free will, and God's absolute sovereignty. Both are at work here. Haman made his plans and Mordecai was busy with his political maneuvering, yet all was done within the boundaries of God's direction.
Another very practical lesson to be gained from the book of Esther is that the prosperity of the wicked is unsafe and unsatisfying, and that it ends in adversity. The experience of the psalmist is recorded as follows: ''For I was envious of the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked'' (Psalm 73:3). But then he continued in verses 16 and 17, ''When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me, until I went into the sanctuary of God; then I understood their end.''
We often see the adversity of the good alongside the prosperity of the wicked. We would tend to ask why, but the book of Esther shows us clearly that the trial of faith results in final victory for the righteous.
The book of Esther presents us with a picture of God's current relationship with the Jews. The Jewish people, as a whole, have been out of their land for 1900 years. During this time, they have been under many Gentile rulers. Satan repeatedly has had a ''Haman'' planning their destruction. But all along, God has been in the shadows watching over His covenant people Israel. Even though, in their present unbelief, they may refuse to recognize His hand, He continues His watchful care over His ancient people.
Haman, the Jew-hater from the cursed seed of Amalek [cp. Esther 3:1; 1Sam 15:2,3,7,8], is a picture of the wicked one who will arise in the end-time of this age and seek the extermination of Israel. The ''man of sin [will] be revealed, the son of perdition, who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshiped, so that he, as God, sitteth in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God'' (2Thessalonians 2:3,4). Just as Haman's end came by decree of the king, so Antichrist, the man of sin, will be destroyed by God's King, the Lord Jesus Christ. Haman was hanged on the gallows; the man of sin will be cast into the lake of fire. [2The 2:8; Rev 19:11-20]
It appears to me that Esther foreshadows that faithful Jewish remnant in the days of the tribulation. Notice an expression that appears in chapter 5, verse 1, ''Now it came to pass on the third day...'' How beautifully this ties in with the prophecy of Hosea, ''After two days will He revive us; in the third day He will raise us up, and we shall live in His sight'' (Hos 6:2). This speaks of the national resurrection of the remnant of Israel in the last days. Esther's Jewish name was Hadassah, meaning ''myrtle.'' Afterward, it was changed to Esther, meaning ''a star.'' This signifies what will happen to that nation in the future. God will take the remnant of believing Israel out of great suffering and trial and bring the nation to the place of exaltation.
Mordecai stands out as a figure of the Lord Jesus.
He was a despised Jew for whom the scaffold was built. The same scaffold proved to be the undoing of his enemy, and Mordecai was exalted to the throne. How forcefully this speaks of Him who is greater than Mordecai, and who will bring peace to His earthly people and the nations of the world.
Mordecai was the revealer of secrets. In Christ are hidden all the secrets of wisdom and knowledge, and He ''of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption'' (1Cor 1:30).
Mordecai was elevated to the throne. He delivered Israel and was next in authority to the king. By the wonder-working providence and grace of Jehovah, salvation was interposed on behalf of the nation and the world.
Yes, the story of Christ is foreshadowed once again in the Old Testament in the account of Esther.
Esther Commentary
Precept Ministries
|First Lesson - Download Lesson 1 of 4 - (See Inductive Bible study)
Key words (note) in Esther: Which of these "keys" is the major "key word" (Clue: occurs 51x)
Anger/angry - Esther 1:12, 18, 2:1, 2:21, 5:9, 7:7, 7:10
Banquet/feast - Esther 1:3, 1:5, 1:9, 2:18, 5:4, 5:5, 5:6, 5:8, 5:12, 5:14, 6:14, 7:2, 8:17, 9:17, 9:18, 9:19,9:22
Jew/Jews - Esther 2:5; 3:4, 6, 10, 13; 4:3, 7, 13, 14, 16; 5:13; 6:10, 13; 8:1, 3, 5, 7,8,9, 11, 13, 16,17; 9:1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 10:3;
Edict/decree - Esther 1:19, 1:20, 2:1, 2:8, 3:9, 3:14, 3:15, 4:3, 4:8, 8:8, 8:13, 8:14, 8:17, 9:1, 9:13, 9:14
Fast - Esther 4:3, 16, 9:31
Destroy/destruction - Esther 3:6, 3:9, 3:13, 4:7, 4:8, 7:4 8:5 8:6 8:11 9:5 9:6 9:12 9:24
Day, Month, Year - Esther 1:3 2:16 3:7 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:5 1:10 1:18 2:11 2:12 2:16 2:21 3:7 3:12 3:13 3:14 4:11 4:16 5:1 5:4 5:9 7:2 8:1 8:9 8:12 8:13 9:1 9:11 9:15 9:17 9:18 9:19 9:21 9:22 9:26 9:27 9:28 9:31 (See Jewish Calendar)
Pur/Purim - See discussion of pur/Purim - Esther 3:7 9:24 9:26 See also - Purim - Wikipedia and Judaism 101 Purim with interesting discussion of Esther from a Jewish perspective. In short, the Feast of Purim is an annual reminder of God's faithfulness on behalf of His people.
Purim - The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia
Purim - 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
Purim - Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Ahasuerus (note) - The Persian King - the same as Xerxes = name used in the NIV
Mordecai (note) - His name means - Little man; bitter bruising; bitterly reduced. Bitterness of my oppression. "A picture of the humanity of Jesus while acting as our kinsman Redeemer (Esther 2:4-7; 10:1-3)" (The Exhaustive Dictionary of Bible Names. Smith & Cornwall)
Mordecai - The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia
Mordecai - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - - StudyLight.org
Haman (note) - His name means Alone; solitary. Well disposed. A rioter. The rager; their tumult. (Smith & Cornwall)
Haman - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Haman the Agagite - The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia
Esther (note) and Ruth (see resources) are the only books of the Bible centered around a woman. Esther is unique in that it is the only book of Scripture that does not mention God, although clearly God's providential hand of protection of His people pervades the pages. Esther's Hebrew name was Hadassah, "myrtle" (Es 2:7), but her Persian name Ester was derived from the Persian word for "star" (stara). The Greek title for this book is Esther (Latin = Hester). Note that the dramatic events of the book of Esther take place between the events of Ezra 6 and Ezra 7, between the first return led by Zerubbabel and the second return led by Ezra.
Esther Kim, a "real life Esther" is the author of the fascinating book entitled "If I Perish" (Amazon - 4.5/5 Stars - Read some of the Reader Reviews) based on the famous verse Esther 4:16.
Albert Barnes
Joseph Benson
Brian Bell
Esther Introduction God's Perfect Work, through Imperfect People
Esther 3 Another Link in the Chain
Esther 4 Right Place, Right Time
Esther 5 Eaten alive by 1 Termite
Esther 6 Peripety (means "a sudden turn of events, a reversal of circumstances, a turning point")
Adam Clarke
(1760-1832) Clarke was Methodist, Wesleyan, Arminian, (e.g., Clarke "suggested that although God can know all future events, he chooses not to know some events beforehand" Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, page 808). He did not always interpret Scripture literally and so was amillennial (he interpreted Revelation as a Historicist) which led him to interpret the church as fulfilling many OT promises to Israel. Influential in development of doctrine of entire sanctification. Affirmed the authority and sufficiency of Scripture, but held a belief of "plenary dynamic inspiration" (idea of every thought inspired), thus falling short of "plenary verbal inspiration" (every single word inspired) (Bib. Sacra: Vol 125, p 163, 1968). In summary, a useful, respected commentary but as with all these resources you are advised to "Be a Berean!"
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Walter Adeney
Warren W. Wiersbe - If you can locate the six-volume edition of the Expositor's Bible, buy it immediately! It takes up less space than the original fifty-volume set, and not everything in the original set is worth owning. Samuel H. Kellogg on Leviticus is a classic; so is Alexander Maclaren on the Psalms and on Colossians. (A Basic Library for Bible Students)
Cyril J. Barber - This set, originally published in 1903, contains expositions by both conservative and liberal theologians. The most important works are by Dod (Genesis), Chadwick (Exodus and Mark), Kellogg (Leviticus), Blaikie (Joshua, I and II Samuel), Adeney (Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther), Maclaren (Psalms), Moule (Romans), Findlay (Galatians and Ephesians), Plummer (Pastoral Epistles and the Epistles of James and Jude), and Milligan (Revelation.) (The Minister's Library)
Art Related
|Esther Pictures
Bible Maps and Timelines
|Timeline of Division of the Kingdom to close of OT History
Timeline from the Creation to the Fourth Century A.D.
Timeline from 499-450BC (Esther written about 465BC)
Map of Susa/Shushan (See also Susa - Dictionary article)
Map of Susa/Shushan
World Powers in Sixth Century
Conquests of Cyrus the Great
The Persian Empire
Return of Jewish Exiles
Judah in the Time of Nehemiah
Kings & Events of Babylonian, Persian, Greek Dynasties
Brief History of Powers of Mesopotamia from 13554BC - Ge 10 to 165BC Seleucid/Ptolemies
Chart of entire OT on One Page
Timeline of the Post-Exilic Period
The Babylonian Exile
The Persian Period
The Hellenistic Period
Search for any Scripture reference on Bible.org...
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W. Burrows
Biblical Illustrator
Commentary Critical and Explanatory
Commentary Critical and Explanatory
Thomas Constable
W A Criswell
Esther 1-10 The Gambler's Fading Goal
Esther 1-10 Esther: The Orphan Queen
Esther 1-10 The Book of Esther
A D Davidson
Esther 2:21-23; 3:1-5 - page 89
Esther 3:12-15; 4:1-9 - page 128
Esther 8:15-17; 9:1-19 - page 278
Defender's Study Bible
Bob Deffinbaugh
Esther 2:19-3:15 Hanging Out at the Gate
Esther 4:1-17 Esther's Dilemma and Decision
Esther 5:1-7:10 Sleepless in Susa
C J Ellicott, Ed.
Explore the Bible
Esther 2:5-10,16-17,21-23 - When Life Turns Upside Down
Esther 3:2,5-6; 4:5,8-16 -- When Service Is Risky
Esther 5:1-3; 7:1-6,9-10 -- How Courage Triumphs
Esther 8:3,6-8,11; 9:1-2,20-22 -- What Is Worth Celebrating
Expositor's Dictionary of Texts
Esther 1 Expositor's Dictionary of Texts
Esther 3 Expositor's Dictionary of Texts
Esther 4 Expositor's Dictionary of Texts
A C Gaebelein
John Gill
Why doesn't the book of Esther mention God?
Why did Queen Vashti refuse to appear before Xerxes?
Who was Mordecai in the Bible?
What should we learn from the life of Esther?
Did Esther have sex with Xerxes before they were married?
|L. M. Grant
Commentary on the
Book of Esther
Dave Guzik
Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary
Hymns Relating
Matthew Henry's
H A Ironside
Rosscup - Though Ironside does not get into the detail of the text, he does give a practical exposition on a wider scale in popular fashion. He shows how the message is alive, and at times helps with good illustrations. (Commentaries for Biblical Expositors)
Keil & Delitzsch
|William Kelly
Book of Esther
Paul E. Kretzmann
George Lawson
George Lawson
Alexander Maclaren
Esther 4:10-17, 5:1-3 Esther's Venture
Esther 4:14 Mordecai and Esther
J Vernon McGee
Esther Understanding Providence
F B Meyer
F B Meyer
Miscellaneous Resources
The Theological Journal Library on galaxie.com
An annual $50 or monthly $5 subscription (click here) is required to view the entire article but will give you access to literally thousands of conservative articles. Click the following links to search by topic, author, or bible reference.
Examples of articles that mention Esther...
Location Of Esther's Palace Confirmed
An Investigation of Esther As An Episode of Covenant History in a Foreign Court
Shadow and Fulfillment in the Book of Esther
Historicity, Genre, and Narrative Design in the Book of Esther
Literary Conventions in the Book of Esther
Plot Structure in the Book of Esther
The Book Of Esther And The Palace Of Ahasuerus
Articles on Esther that are free online...
Karen Jobes - "For Such a Time as This": A Defining Moment in Christian Ministry
William Shea - Esther and History - 16 page article
Edwin M. Yamauchi: The Archaeological Background of Esther
George Little - Addition To The Sum Of Revelation, Found In The Book Of Esther
Iain Duguid - But Did They Live Happily Ever After? The Eschatology of the Book of Esther
Bergey, Ronald Bergey - Post-Exilic Hebrew Linguistic Developments In Esther: A Diachronic Approach
Steven Mathewson - Guidelines for Understanding and Proclaiming Old Testament Narratives
|Best Commentaries on Esther - Tim Challies
Top 5 Commentaries on the Book of Esther by Keith Mathison
Best Commentary on Esther - Best Commentaries Reviews
Number 1 Rated Commentary - Esther (The NIV Application Commentary)- Karen H. Jobes
Number 1 Rated Commentary - Esther- An Introduction and Commentary (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries)- Joyce G. Baldwin
Rosscup is a bit less enamored with Karen Jobes' commentary writing "Jobes will not be clear to some in her view that a biblical book can have legitimate errors in historical matters for the sake of poetic license, without distorting the truth (34). She does not give evidence here to make her point clear or show that it is valid in Esther. She says that Vashti, Ahasuerus [Xerxes], Esther and Haman may not be the actual names of the people to whom the events happened (36–37) (Ed comment: The name Esther is used 45x in 37v in this book and to posit that this may not be her name seems a bit presumptive) . The authoress' explanation of verses in Esther offer studied help, and each section ends with worthwhile comments on ways main lessons are relevant today." (Commentaries for Biblical Expositors)
Rosscup on Baldwin - A frequent, respected contributor to this series (Tyndale), she presents careful research on setting, text, exegesis and related matters such as customs, with good notes. The work is evangelical, but some will think it strange that Baldwin says some details "continue to seem improbable" (p. 24). (Ibid)
Rosscup on John Whitcomb's Esther and the Destiny of Israel (revised edition - new title from 1979 edition) - "Whitcomb has written this fine 128-pp. paperback for the Everyman's Bible Commentary. He includes a helpful bibliography along with charts and time-line illustrations. The chronology of Esther is dealt with in detail. The author uses nine chapters to discuss ten chapters of Esther. He uses a verse by verse format. Whitcomb's introductory remarks are very good but regrettably brief. Throughout the volume he counters two major detractors to the historicity and canonicity of Esther (Patton, ICC, 1908; Moore, Anchor Bible, 1977). Whitcomb dates Esther prior to the palace destruction at Susa in 435 B. C. He, like others, hypothesizes that perhaps a Diasporan Jew authored this work. His comments on the difference between canonicity and theological understanding are worthy of note. Whitcomb's approach to historicity itself makes valuable reading. The author equates Ahasuerus (486–465 B. C.) with Xerxes aka. Khshayarsha. Whitcomb's work here is especially valuable for its concern for the interplay between secular and sacred history. Conclusion: Outstanding approach and treatment.—Jan Sattem (Ibid)
|Best Commentaries
|Survey of the Book of Esther - God's Providential Hand
|Gregg Allen
|Esther - 16 pages
|Don Anderson
|For Such a Time as This
|Brent Barnett
|Beautiful Queen Esther - Bible For Children - Colored Pictures - simple English
|Bible for Children
|Esther - Overview - Mp3
|Kenneth Boa
Esther (1999) 1:27:09 Movie (see reviews - high rating and stated to be accurate)
|Made for TV Movie
|Jewish Commentary on Esther - interesting
|Theology of Esther in Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology
|Mark W. Chavalas
|Esther Study Notes - by chapter
|Companion Bible
|Esther – Irony and Providence - well done overview
|Donald E. Curtis
|Surprise - The Message of Esther - Overview
|Mark Dever
Esther - Holman Bible Dictionary
Esther - American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
Esther - Bridgeway Bible Dictionary
Esther - Easton's Bible Dictionary
Esther - Fausset's Bible Dictionary
Esther - Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible
Esther - Morrish Bible Dictionary
Esther - Whyte's Dictionary of Bible Characters
Esther - Watson's Biblical & Theological Dictionary
Esther - 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
Esther - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Esther - Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
Esther book of - Kitto's Popular Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature
Esther - Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
Esther - The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia
Esther, The Rest Of (Discusses verses in Septuagint not in Hebrew)
Esther - art, overview articles of her life
|Dictionary Articles
|Book of Esther and the Palace of Ahasuerus - 28 page article
|M. Dieulafoy
|Esther - Thru the Bible
Esther - The Wonder of Divine Providence
|Don Fortner
|For Such a Time as This
|Bob Fromm
|Sermons on Esther by chapter
|The Gospel Coalition
|Sandra Glahn
Susie Hawkins
Probing Moral Ambiguity: Grappling with Ethical Portraits in the Hebrew Story of Esther - interesting
|Charles Harvey
|The Historical Books
|J. Hampton Keathley, III
|Gospel in the book of Esther 1. The Doom of the People
Gospel in the book of Esther 2. Esther at the Court for Her People
Gospel in the book of Esther 3. Haman Hanged on His Gallows
Gospel in the book of Esther 4. The Exaltation of Mordecai
Gospel in the book of Esther 5. Mordecai Speaks Peace
|Roy Hession
Audio Only
Holman Christian Standard Bible Study Bible - literal translation with well done study notes, simple word study & dictionary tools that synchronize with the Scripture. Free online but you must set up an account.
|Holman Publishing
|Sermons (4) on Esther - click OT than Esther
|David Holwick
|Esther and the Silent Sovereignty of God
|Bethany Jenkins
|The Book of Esther - Something Hidden - interesting work - tells story of this book from Esther's perspective
|Jack Kelley
Esther Introduction - Only in Mp3 but recommended because as a Jewish believer in Messiah, Pastor Kreloff brings an interesting perspective
Esther 1:1-2:8 The Promotion Of Esther
Esther 2:19-3:6 The Plot Of Haman (Part 1)
Esther 3:7-15 The Plot Of Haman (Part 1)
Esther 4:1-5:14 The Preservation Of Israel (Part 1)
Esther 6:1-7:10 The Preservation Of Israel (Part 2)
Esther 8 The Preservation Of Israel (Part 3)
|Steve Kreloff
Esther - Same Introductory Notes as found in the MacArthur Study Bible
Outline of the Book of Esther
I. Esther Replaces Vashti (Esther 1:1–2:18)
II. Mordecai Overcomes Haman (Esther 2:19–7:10)
III. Israel Survives Haman's Genocide Attempt (Esther 8:1–10:3)
Excerpt - Historical and Theological Themes - All 167 verses of Esther have ultimately been accepted as canonical, although the absence of God's name anywhere has caused some to unnecessarily doubt its authenticity. The Greek Septuagint (LXX) added an extra 107 apocryphal verses which supposedly compensated for this lack. Along with Song of Solomon, Ruth, Ecclesiastes, and Lamentations, Esther stands with the OT books of the Megilloth, or "5 scrolls." Rabbis read these books in the synagogue on 5 special occasions during the year—Esther being read at Purim (cf. Esther 9:20–32).
The historical genesis for the drama played out between Mordecai (a Benjamite descendant of Saul—Esther 2:5) and Haman (an Agagite—Esther 3:1, 10; 8:3, 5; 9:24) goes back almost 1,000 years when the Jews exited from Egypt (ca. 1445 B.C.) and were attacked by the Amalekites (Ex. 17:8–16), whose lineage began with Amalek, son of Esau (Gen. 36:12). God pronounced His curse on the Amalekites, which resulted in their total elimination as a people (Ex. 17:14; Deut. 25:17–19). Although Saul (ca. 1030 B.C.) received orders to kill all the Amalekites, including their king Agag (1 Sam. 15:2, 3), he disobeyed (1 Sam. 15:7–9) and incurred God's displeasure (1 Sam. 15:11, 26; 28:18). Samuel finally hacked Agag into pieces (1 Sam. 15:32, 33). Because of his lineage from Agag, Haman carried deep hostility toward the Jews.
The time of Esther arrived 550 years after the death of Agag, but in spite of such passage of time, neither Haman the Agagite nor Mordecai the Benjamite had forgotten the tribal feud that still smoldered in their souls. This explains why Mordecai refused to bow down to Haman (Esther 3:2, 3) and why Haman so viciously attempted to exterminate the Jewish race (Esther 3:5, 6, 13). As expected, God's prophecy to extinguish the Amalekites (Ex. 17:14; Deut. 25:17–19) and God's promise to preserve the Jews (Gen. 17:1–8) prevailed.
Because of God's faithfulness to save His people, the festival of Purim (named after the Akkadian word for "lot"—Esther 3:7; 9:26), an annual, two day holiday of feasting, rejoicing, sending food to one another, and giving gifts to the poor (Esther 9:21, 22), was decreed to be celebrated in every generation, by every family, in every province and city (Esther 9:27, 28). Esther later added a new feature of fasting with lamentation (Esther 9:31). Purim is not biblically mentioned again, although it has been celebrated throughout the centuries in Israel. Esther could be compared to a chess game. God and Satan (as invisible players) moved real kings, queens, and nobles. When Satan put Haman into place, it was as if he announced "Check." God then positioned Esther and Mordecai in order to put Satan into "Checkmate!" Ever since the fall of man (Gen. 3:1–19), Satan has attempted to spiritually sever God's relationship with His human creation and disrupt God's covenant promises with Israel. For example, Christ's line through the tribe of Judah had been murderously reduced to Joash alone, who was rescued and preserved (2 Chr. 22:10–12). Later, Herod slaughtered the infants of Bethlehem, thinking Christ was among them (Matt. 2:16). Satan tempted Christ to denounce God and worship him (Matt. 4:9). Peter, at Satan's insistence, tried to block Christ's journey to Calvary (Matt. 16:22). Finally, Satan entered into Judas who then betrayed Christ to the Jews and Romans (Luke 22:3–6). While God was not mentioned in Esther, He was everywhere apparent as the One who opposed and foiled Satan's diabolical schemes by providential intervention.
In Esther, all of God's unconditional covenant promises to Abraham (Gen. 17:1–8) and to David (2 Sam. 7:8–16) were jeopardized. However, God's love for Israel is nowhere more apparent than in this dramatic rescue of His people from pending elimination. "Behold, He who keeps Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep" (Ps. 121:4).
|John MacArthur
|Esther- For Such a Time As This - sermon
|John MacArthur
An Introduction to the Book of Esther
Selected Bibliography of the Book of Esther
|David Malick
|Esther & Job Introductory Notes
|J Vernon McGee
|Esther - Overview - Mp3
|Bill McRae
|Esther Mp3 Series
|Esther Overview
|G. Campbell Morgan
|Keys to Esther
|William W. Orr
|Esther - Through the Bible Book by Book
|Myer Pearlman
|John Piper's poem - Esther
|John Piper
|Ezra & Nehemiah: Restoration & Reform
Chronology of History of Israel
|Wil Pounds
|The Providence of God
|Book of Esther
|Leonard Ravenhill
|Reformation Study Bible
|The Book of Esther (overview)
|Arend Remmers
|Study of the Book of Esther
|Don Robinson
|An Introduction to the Books of Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther
|A H Sayce
|Esther Sermons - search list of 252 sermons
|For Such A Time
|Chuck Smith
|Public Spirit (alludes to Esther)
|James Stalker
Esther - A Queen Under Control
|Ray Stedman
|Children's Bible Stories
|Amy Steedman
|For Such a Time as This: The Story of Ahasuerus and Esther
|Richard L. Strauss
|Book of Esther Overview - Insight for Living Ministries - click for book chart at bottom of page
Excerpt - What's the big idea? While the primary purpose of the book of Esther was to relate the dramatic origins of the feast of Purim, a greater theme shines through the story. The sovereignty and faithfulness of God permeate each scene. Nothing is truly coincidental, the book of Esther says to us. God's sovereignty is best summarized in Mordecai's exhortation to Esther: "And who knows whether you have not attained royalty for such a time as this?" (Esther 4:14).
When events seemed out of control to Esther and Mordecai, when the king dictated ruin for their people, when evil was poised to triumph . . . God was at work. He worked through their dark days (Esther was taken to the harem [Esther 2:1–16]), their faithful obedience (Esther risked her life before the king [Esther 5:1–3]), and their victories (Esther revealed Haman's plot and the Jews' destruction of their enemies [7–9]). This message is clear: God is sovereign even when life doesn't make sense.
God is also the great Promise Keeper. Mordecai said to Esther: "If you remain silent at this time, relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place and you and your father's house will perish" (Esther 4:14). Mordecai's words reflected his faith that God would honor His eternal covenant with Abraham and David.
How do I apply this? - Life can be hard. Difficult times happen, and pain cannot be avoided. When life doesn't make sense, do you turn to God or away from Him? Let the book of Esther encourage you that God is always present. Jesus called us "friends" ( John 15:15), and the Spirit is our "Helper" (Jn 14:26). Trust and obey, as Esther did. And watch God silently weave all events for His glory . . . and for our good.
|Charles Swindoll
If I Perish I Perish-01 Ministry From Esther
If I Perish I Perish-02 Ministry From Esther
|Major Ian Thomas
|Esther Mp3's - 5 sermons - Audio Only
|Geoff Thomas
|Analysis of Esther
|James Van Dine
|Esther - No Time Like The Right Time
|Steve Wagers
Chapter 11 - Esther 6 - 7
|J G Bellet
|Esther: God is in Control - Easy English Commentary
|Robert Bryce
|An Explanatory Commentary on Esther (1888)
|Paulus Cassel
Esther Commentary - scroll down to page 273 for 133 page commentary on Esther - includes maps - seems to be well done
|College Press
|Lectures, Expository and Practical on the Book of Esther (1859)
|Alexander D Davidson
|Esther in "A Commentary on the Holy Bible" - brief comments
|J R Dummelow, Ed.
|God in the Shadows - The Life of Esther - Recommended
This 71 page modern (2011) commentary is highly recommended and begins with a discussion of the Doctrine of God's Providence followed by practical application. Then the author gives you a chapter by chapter (often verse by verse) exposition. Highly recommended! (For verse by verse analysis see my work here)
|Paul S Ferguson
|Comments on the Book of Esther
|L M Grant
|Esther - from Grace Notes Online Bible Teaching - 55 pages - well done
|Daniel Hill
|Esther and Her People - A Practical Exposition in 10 Lectures (1842)
|John Hughes
|The Book of Esther
Esther Notes
|William Kelly
|Commentary on Esther - 35 pages
|Gary Kukis
|Esther and Her Times - a series of 12 lectures (1859)
|John Lowrie
|Lectures on the Book of Esther: (1838)
Esther 1:1-9
Esther 1:10-22
Esther 2:5-11, 15-20
Esther 2:21-23, 3:1-6
Esther 3:6-15
Esther 4:1-12
Esther 4:13-17
Esther 4:15-17; 5:1-8
Esther 5:9-14
Esther 6:1-11
Esther 6:12-14
Esther 7:1-6
Esther 7:7-10
Esther 8:1-5
Esther 8:7-17
Esther 9:1-16
Esther 9:17-32
Esther 10
|Thomas M'Crie
Esther - Lessons from Union Bible College - go to Page 303 - brief but interesting
|William Newell
|Esther Commentary
|Bob Utley
|The Book of Esther
|William Kelly
Devotional Commentary on the Book of Esther chapter by chapter - Recommended
|Moody Bible
|Esther 1-2 Commentary - Verse by Verse
|Esther 1:1 Audio of talk to missions conference
|William MacDonald
|Esther 1:1-3 and Esther 1:1-9 Commentary
|Sermon Bible Commentary
|Brian Bill
Esther 1:11 The Persian Court (In "Daily Bible Illustrations)
|John Kitto
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 1:1-2: The Providence of God in the Land of Persia
|Geoff Thomas
|Esther 1:5 The Court of the House - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 1:6 Curtains/Couches - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 1:8 Drinking Customs - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 1:9 Feasts for the Women - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 1:10 Chamberlains - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|Esther 1-2: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
Table of Contents of Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|Esther 1-2 Commentary - Verse by Verse
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 2:17-23 Commentary -Wells of Living Water
|Robert Neighbour
|Esther 1-2: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
Table of Contents of Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|Esther 2:5-10 The Silent Sovereignty of God Audio
|Tim Keller
|Esther 2:13 The Royal Harem - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 2:16 Tebeth- Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 2:17 The Persian Queen - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|David Strain
|Esther 2:1-3 Sex and Marriage in Persia
Esther 2:21-3:2: The humbling of the people of God
|Geoff Thomas
|David Strain
|Ray Stedman
|Jim Twamley
|Esther 3-4 - Haman's Plot Against the Jews
|J R Miller
|Esther 3:1 The Man the King Delights to Honor Audio
|Tim Keller
|Esther 3: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
Table of Contents of Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|J R Miller
|John Kitto
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 4:1-17 For Such A Time As This
|David Strain
|Esther 4 Audio of talk to missions conference
|William MacDonald
|Esther 4:8-10 Hathach - Devotional
|J R Miller
Esther 4:11 Etiquette of the Persian Court - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|Esther 4 Marching Off the Map (or a similar message here)
Esther 4:12-16 Overcoming Fear of the Future
Esther 4:14 For Such A Time As This
|Ray Pritchard
|Esther 4:12-14: The Deliverance of God's People
|Geoff Thomas
|Esther 4:13,1 4- Esther's Exaltation
|C H Spurgeon
|Esther 4:13-14 Comments
Esther 4:15-16 Comments
|Preacher's Homiletical Commentary Various Authors
|Esther 4:14- The Day We Live In
|T De Witt Talmage
|Esther 4:15-16 Sacrifice
|Charles Stalker
|Esther 4-5: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|Esther 4:14 The Strength of Joy - 14 pages! (Great Texts of the Bible)
|James Hastings
|Esther 4:16 Devotional (Goto April 15 entry)
|J C Philpot
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 5 Audio of talk to missions conference
|William MacDonald
|David Strain
Esther 5:12 Feasting with the King - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|Esther 4-5: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|John Kitto
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 6:1 Commentary
|Sermon Bible Commentary
Esther 6:8 Royal Honors Given to a Subject - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|Esther 6-7: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
Esther 6:1-11 The Man Who the King Delights to Honor
|David Strain
|John Kitto
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 6-7: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|Esther 7:1-4 The tables are turned
|Geoff Thomas
Esther 7:7 Sign of Royal Displeasure - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
Esther 7:8 The Face Covered - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|John Kitto
Esther 8 Esther Pleading for Her People (Scroll down to Esther 8)
|J R Miller
|Esther 8 - Esther Pleading for Her People
|J R Miller
|Ray Stedman
|David Strain
|Esther 8:1-2, 9:1-4 Two Pillows for My Soul
|Don Fortner
|Esther 8:7 Audio of talk to missions conference
|William MacDonald
|James Freeman
|Esther 8-10: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|Esther 9:1- Providence - As Seen in the Book of Esther
|C H Spurgeon
Esther 9:1-16 The Sweet Taste of Victory
|Ray Stedman
|David Strain
Esther 9:26 The Feast of Purim - Handbook of Bible Manners & Customs
|James Freeman
|Esther 8-10: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
The Temple--It's Ministry and Services - Chapter 17 - scroll down for Feast of Purim Table of Contents of The Temple--Its Ministry and Services
|Alfred Edersheim
|John Kitto
|Ray Stedman
|Esther 10:3 He worked for the good of his people
|C H Spurgeon
|Esther 8-10: Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
Table of Contents of Witnesses for God In Dark and Evil Times
|J G Bellet
|John Kitto
G Campbell Morgan
Through he had no formal training for the ministry, G. Campbell's devotion to studying of the Bible made him one of the leading Bible teachers in his day. His reputation as preacher and Bible expositor grew throughout England and spread to the United States. This commentary is the culmination of his study of God's Word.
GOD acting in Providence.
I. The Method
i. Hidden but Active.
a. Ruling to Issues (Esther 10:3.)
b. Using the Trivialities.
ii. Inclusive. An all-pervading Atmosphere.
a. The Individuals.
b. The Events.
II. The Principles
i. Perfect Knowledge.
ii. Undeviating Righteousness.
iii. Absolute Power.
III. The Issues
i. To those recognizing. Confidence and Courage.
ii. To those in Rebellion, Panic and Punishment.
I. The Truth
i. GOD is.
ii. GOD acts in Providence.
iii. GOD is touching Life at every Point.
II. The Application
i. Reckon with Him.
ii. Trust Him.
iii. Act with Him.
Morgan - "There are peculiarities in this story which have raised doubts as to whether it ought to have any place in the canon of Scripture. (1) the name of GOD is never mentioned. (2) there is found no reference to the Hebrew religion. (3) the temple never appears. (4) no ceremonial of the Hebrew worship is referred to. (5) no requirement of the law is named from beginning to end." (Click full message)
Net Bible Notes
Comment: More Technical notes but you will often discover some very helpful insights. The links below open to the NET Bible which is synchronized with the NET Notes, Constable's Commentary and relevant articles (click the tab labeled "Articles") on the Bible.org website. Very helpful!
James Nisbet
Our Daily Bread
Esther 1:1, 12-18 Behind the Throne
Esther 3:1-11, 7:1-10 Poetic Justice
Esther 4:10-17 The Price of Freedom
Esther 4 (several devotionals)
Esther 4:14 Timing Is Everything
Esther 8:1-17 What Is My Purpose?
Joseph Parker
Esther 5-6 The Request of Esther
|L B Paton
The International Critical Commentary
(Alternative Source)
Rosscup: Though old, this still is a rich larder of information on details of word meaning, exegesis, history, etc. It is liberal in perspective but contributes much help if gleaned wisely. (Commentaries for Biblical Expositors)
Matthew Poole
Preacher's Homiletical Commentary
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 1 Main Homiletics of the Whole Chapter
Esther 1:2 Time's Doings with Human Greatness
Esther 1:1-2 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:3-5 Contrast Between the Human and the Divine
Esther 1:3-5 A Feast for all the People
Esther 1:3-5 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:4,6 Self Glorification
Esther 1:4,6 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:7-8 Unwise Liberality, but Wise Regulation
Esther 1:7-8 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:9 Vashti the Persian Monarch's Queen
Esther 1:9 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:10, 14 A Catalogue of Names
Esther 1:13-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:10-12 False Merriment and its Result
Esther 1:10-12 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:10-12 Vashti's Dilemma
Esther 1:10-12 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:13-14 Seven Wise Men
Esther 1:13-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:15 A King in Consultation
Esther 1:15 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:16-20 Courtiers Forsake a Failing Cause
Esther 1:16-20 The Folly of Trusting in Man
Esther 1:16-20 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1:21-22 Vashti is Stripped of Queenly Externals
Esther 1:21-22 Suggestive Comments
Esther 1 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 2:1 Regrets-Natural, Useless and Wholesome
Esther 2:1 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2:2-4 The Servility of the King's Servants
Esther 2:2-4 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2:5-7 A Truly Royal Character
Esther 2:5-7 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2:8-10 Esther's Hopeful Beginning
Esther 2:8-10 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2 - Illustrations
Esther 2:11 Mordecai's Loving Solicitude
Esther 2:11 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2:12-14 The Vanity of Earthly Hopes
Esther 2:12-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2:15, 20 Esther's Elevation
Esther 2:15 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2:21, 23 The Plotters and the Counterplotter
Esther 2:21, 23 Suggestive Comments
Esther 2 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 3:1,6 The Prosperous Wicked Man
Esther 3:1,6 Suggestive Comments
Esther 3:7 The Blind Method of Revenge
Esther 3:7 Suggestive Comments
Esther 3:8-11 A False Aspect of the Truth
Esther 3:8-11 Haman's Murderous Proposal
Esther 3:8-11 Suggestive Comments
Esther 3:12-14 Fruitless Preparations
Esther 3:12-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 3:15 The irregularities of Human Conditions
Esther 3:15 Suggestive Comments
Esther 3 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 4:1-4 Great Sorrow
Esther 4:1-4 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:4 The Action of Sympathy Rejected
Esther 4:4 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:5-6 A Ministerial Appointment
Esther 4:5-6 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:6-9 A Strange Meeting
Esther 4:6-9 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:10-12 Prudential Considerations
Esther 4:10-12 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:13-14 A Human Voice Speaks Divine Lessons for Human Lives
Esther 4:14 God's Purpose and Man's Opportunity
Esther 4:13-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:15-16 A Woman's Heroism
Esther 4:15-16 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4:17 A Good Man's Characteristics
Esther 4:17 Suggestive Comments
Esther 4 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 5:1-2 The Royalty of Faith
Esther 5:1-2 Suggestive Comments
Esther 5:3-5 A Large Offer and Some of Its Consequences
Esther 5:3-5 Suggestive Comments
Esther 5:6-8 Directions for Prayer
Esther 5:6-8 Suggestive Comments
Esther 5:9-10 The Superficial Man
Esther 5:9-10 Suggestive Comments
Esther 5:11, 13 The Discontented Man as a Reckoner
Esther 5:11-13 Suggestive Comments
Esther 5:14 The Speech of a Foolish Wife
Esther 5:14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 5 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 6:1 A Humiliated King
Esther 6:1 Suggestive Comments
Esther 6:2-3 A King's Sorrow for an Unrewarded Subject
Esther 6:2-3 Suggestive Comments
Esther 6:4-5 The King's Inquiry and Concession
Esther 6:4-5 Suggestive Comments
Esther 6:6, 11 Self-Flattery Leading to Self-Humiliation
Esther 6:6,11 Suggestive Comments
Esther 6:12-14 A Small Man in Adversity
Esther 6:12-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 6 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 7:1-4 A Strange Banquet
Esther 7:1-4 Suggestive Comments
Esther 7:5-6 The Doings of a Wicked Heart
Esther 7:5-6 Suggestive Comments
Esther 7:7,10 The Fear, the Folly, and the Doom of the Evil-Doer
Esther 7:7-10 Suggestive Comments
Esther 7 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 8:1-2 Sudden but Wise Changes
Esther 8:1-2 Suggestive Comments
Esther 8:3-4 Sin Survives the Sinner
Esther 8:3-4 Suggestive Comments
Esther 8:5-6 The Pleading of a Great Passion
Esther 8:5-6 Suggestive Comments
Esther 8:7-8 A Monarch's Imbecility
Esther 8:7-8 Suggestive Comments
Esther 8:9-22 Evil Counteracted
Esther 8:9-14 Suggestive Comments
Esther 8:15-17 Days of Rejoicing
Esther 8:15-17 Suggestive Comments
Esther 8 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 9:1 Hope and Foreboding
Esther 9:1 Suggestive Comments
Esther 9:2-3 Self-Help Brings Help
Esther 9:2-3 Suggestive Comments
Esther 9:4 The Greatness of Goodness
Esther 9:4 Suggestive Comments
Esther 9:5-11 The Fate of Evil-Doers
Esther 9:5-11 Suggestive Comments
Esther 9:12-16 The Rigor of Justice
Esther 9:12-16 Suggestive Comments
Esther 9:17-28 A National Memorial
Esther 9:17-28 Suggestive Comments
Esther 9:29-32 Important Letters
Esther 9:29-32 Suggestive Comments
Esther 10 - Illustrations
Scroll down for the following titles...
Esther 10:1,3 A Good Government
Esther 10:1-2 Suggestive Comments
Esther 10 - Illustrations
Pulpit Commentary
Rob Salvato
Esther 1:1-2:20 For Such a Time as This
Esther 2 The Beauty Of The Pageant
Esther 5-7 Navigating Through The Fog
W. Schultz
Charles Simeon
Esther 3:8,9 Haman's Murderous Proposal
Chuck Smith
Sermon Notes for Esther 4:13,14
Sermon Notes for Esther 4:13, 14
Sermon Notes for Esther 4:13, 14
Sermon Notes for Esther 4:13, 14
Sermon Notes for Esther 4:13-16
Through the Bible Series
Speaker's Commentary
|Esther - Introduction
Esther 1 Commentary
Esther 2 Commentary
Esther 3 Commentary
Esther 4 Commentary
Esther 5 Commentary
Esther 6 Commentary
Esther 7 Commentary
Esther 8 Commentary
Esther 9 Commentary
Esther 10 Commentary
Ray Stedman
Esther 1, 2 - A Pair of Queens
Esther 3 The Struggle for Power
Esther 6 The Price of Survival
Esther 8 The Law of the Spirit
Esther 9:1-16 The Sweet Taste of Victory
C. H. Spurgeon
|Esther 4:13,14- Esther's Exaltation
Esther 9:1- Providence - As Seen in the Book of Esther
Esther Defeats Her Enemies


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eFACTOR3 LLC
based in Pineville, NORTH CAROLINA (USA)
eFACTOR3, LLC, headquartered in Charlotte North Carolina, is a supplier of shredding and granulating equipment for the recycling and waste to energy industry in North America. Whether you are looking for a single stage shredder or a complex 2-or 3 stage shredding and granulating system, eFACTOR3 offers a full line of pre-shredding, shredding and granulating equipment that ...
AWC Engineering Ltd
based in Stalybridge, UNITED KINGDOM
We specialise in the supply of high quality, cost effective new, used & reconditioned recycling equipment. In addition we also provide spares and service support for existing plant regardless of the manufacturer — often at considerably lower cost than the OEM. Our team of experienced, time served engineers based in Manchester UK are available for either on site or ...
Hyatt Industries Limited
based in Vancouver, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
For over 35 years, Hyatt Industries has pioneered and perfected all facets of reliability based systems including laser alignment, condition monitoring, and field balancing. As the go-to company for many businesses in the manufacturing, power generation, pulp & paper, aerospace, oil & gas, mining, fabrication, processing or other areas, Hyatt represents the best ...
Canamidex International Corp.
based in Richmond Hill, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Canamidex International Corp. was founded in 2007, as a result of our thirty plus years of Engineering and Management experience and expertise in the water and wastewater treatment, transfer industries and industries utilities within North America, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. We started in response to demand within our networks, for advice and guidance ...
Bonza Training Solutions
based in Stratford, ONTARIO (CANADA)
We are an experienced training organization, working to help companies meet their training needs and achieve their goals. Bonza Training Solutions offers public training courses in the ISO, Manufacturing, Management Development and Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) fields, as well as customized courses for companies requiring on-site training. For those wanting the ...
Clean Combustion Technologies AB
based in Atvidaberg, SWEDEN
The technology and thinking about energy efficient combustion has been developed over 25 years of field studies and by gathering knowledge for our customers. The basic ideas and a passion for the perfect is at the same time our drive motor to continue the technical development of fuel Injection systems for industrial- and process burners and control systems and equipment ...
Tethys Instruments SAS
based in Meylan - Inovallee, FRANCE
Tethys Instruments is a leading global provider of gas and water online analysers for environmental applications. Headquartered in France, our distributors worldwide and us provide top-class service and instrumentation for environmental monitoring.
Waste Control International
based in Neche, NORTH DAKOTA (USA)
Waste Control International was established in 2005 and offers a complete range of waste material handling and recycling equipment. Waste Control International sets a standard of excellence when dealing with customer service and provides unique solutions based on each company's individual needs. WCI has equipment all over the globe from Dubai to Australia to the oil rigs ...
Carbon Market Data
based in London, UNITED KINGDOM
Carbon Market Data is a research company and market data vendor offering information, consulting and technology services to a wide range of organisations in the world. Carbon Market Data aims to help the financial community assess the new business risks and opportunities presented by climate change. By designing new web-based carbon information solutions, we help to ...
ProVent, LLC
based in Harbor Springs, MICHIGAN (USA)
ProVent manufactures industrial process dust collectors with an emphasis on performance, efficiency, and longevity. The UNI-WASH wet type dust collector products have been continuously manufactured for more than 80 years and remain at the forefront of ProVent`s production today. Over 50 years of combined experience in design and application of systems assures ProVent ...
PureAire Monitoring Systems, Inc
based in Lake Zurich, ILLINOIS (USA)
PureAire offers an unbeatable combination of innovation and experience in solving safety and environmental needs of our customers. As a manufacturer, we are capable of handling any size project including OEMs.PureAire's proprietary sensor cell technology and leading edge electronics are designed to interface with the latest distributive control systems.Beginning in 1996, ...
SkimTech Inc.
based in Youngstown, OHIO (USA)
SkimTech is dedicated to helping our customers solve industrial oily waste problems. Applications range from in-plant sumps, tanks, coolant systems and oil/water settling basins to outdoor cooling and settling ponds, API separators and hundreds of other applications. We have 3 models of Oil Skimmers, the BG01 Oil Skimmer, the BG34 Oil Skimmer, and the AG25 Oil Skimmer and ...
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Jan 22 2014
Last week Quercus (who publish the Stieg Larsson books in the UK and recently opened an office in the US) announced a large and unexpected end of year loss. This week it has announced that it is up for sale.
Blood at the Root
"A gripping, timely, and important examination of American racism."
- PW Starred Review
Solve this clue:
and be entered to win..
Visitors can view some of BookBrowse for free. Full access is for members only.
Your guide toexceptional books
BookBrowse seeks out and recommends books that we believe to be best in class. Books that will whisk you to faraway places and times, that will expand your mind and challenge you -- the kinds of books you just can't wait to tell your friends about.


text:
John Motson speaks to Reading FC Player
Published: Tuesday 1 Jan 2013 at 03:20
Duration: 2 minutes 44 seconds
Tuesday 1 Jan 2013 at 03:20
Yann Kermorgant speaks ahead of this weekend's Sky Bet Championship fixture with Derby at Madejski Stadium.
Yesterday at 09:48
Liam Moore looks ahead to this weekend's meeting with Derby County at Madejski Stadium as Reading try to get back to winning ways.
Yesterday at 09:44
Reading U23's were narrowly beaten at St George's Park by Derby County in Premier League 2 action.
Wednesday 28 Sep 2016 at 17:23
All of the Brentford v Reading highlights from Griffin Park
Wednesday 28 Sep 2016 at 11:59
Midfielder George Evans looks back at a disappointing evening at Griffin Park.
Tuesday 27 Sep 2016 at 23:05
Royals boss Jaap Stam gives his analysis on a 4-1 defeat at the hands of Brentford at Griffin Park.
Tuesday 27 Sep 2016 at 22:57
All of the Reading v Huddersfield highlights from Madejski Stadium
Sunday 25 Sep 2016 at 11:59
The gaffer talks through the hard fought victory over Huddersfield at Madejski Stadium.
Saturday 24 Sep 2016 at 19:08
Royals defender Liam Moore on a clean sheet and three points against the Terriers.
Saturday 24 Sep 2016 at 18:49
Reading goalkeeper Ali Al-Habsi looks ahead to Reading's clash with Huddersfield on Saturday at Madejski Stadium
Thursday 22 Sep 2016 at 11:18
All of the Brighton v Reading highlights from The American Express Community Stadium
Wednesday 21 Sep 2016 at 23:59
Midfield maestro John Swift, who netted another fine goal to down the Seagulls, gave his match reaction after another fine win in the EFL Cup to set us up for a fourth-round place.
Wednesday 21 Sep 2016 at 00:44
Royals' assistant boss Andries Ulderink gives his take on a 2-1 win for 10-man Reading away at Brighton in the third round of the EFL Cup.
Tuesday 20 Sep 2016 at 23:00


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Green plants need bright light to grow and flower.Read more
Just about every gardener dreams of an easy to care for landscape with lots of flowers. Perhaps you too have the vision of wildflowers in bloom at the end of vistas and along walkways. But unlike natures' sowings you have to do the planting yourself.Read more
Sometimes it's best to admit you are not going to grow turf in those heavily shaded spots. Even some sunny areas and hard to mow locations are better planted with an ornamental ground cover.Read more
September is a good time to take inventory of your landscape needs. After all you have nine months of almost springlike weather ahead to get the plantings picture perfect. All right - so it starts off just a little hot, but by the end of September we could be enjoying some real fall weather.Read more
Garden centers are restocked with fresh seeds ready to start the fall garden. Some like corn, beans and sunflowers can be sown directly in the ground but others including tomatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, marigolds and salvias are best started as transplants in containers.A packet of seed that costs about a dollar can produce several dozen to well over a hundred transplants depending onRead more
Add a little rain plus a little fertilizer and before you know it, your compact plants are growing out of control. Living in Florida during the summer is about like being in a jungle. New growth is everywhere and quite often it is not where you want it.Read more


text:
Civilization Revolution Screenshots for Xbox 360On: Xbox 360, PS3, Wii, DS, PSP
The Civ franchise is coming to next-gen and handheld platforms in a unique way.
Review Verdict Read Review
8Out of 10Back to game info
Latest Articles for Civilization Revolution
This month's Games With Gold are Civ Rev and Dungeon Defenders
March gets a double dip of free strategy games.
Civilization MMO in the works
Civilization is being developed into an MMO by asian developer XLGames after the studio partnered with Take-Two Interactive recently.
Mario Galaxy claims Best Game BAFTA
CoD4, Boom Blox, Dead Space, LittleBigPlanet, Spore, GRID, L4D and more also win.
Xbox 360 sales lower than expected in North America
Contrary to pre-NPD figures, it's the PS3 which wins the battle.


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Health Improvement Resources is led by a team of qualified health educators, registered nurses, and resource specialists who design programs to promote awareness, motivate behavior change, and support healthy lifestyle habits. The team's goal is to assist your patients to improve their health and prevent future medical problems. They are informed about important health screenings, immunizations, smoking cessation programs, and many other important preventive health issues. They can access a variety of multimedia educational health resources including magazines, monthly e-newsletters, and visit the
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Home > Eyeglasses > Lacoste > L2219 (001)
New Releases
Size and availability
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
L2219/001 Eyewear
With these designer eyeglasses, you are always perfectly dressed. The new Lacoste underlines that you are a trendsetter. For the current season the renowned label sets the standards with its collection for 2016. Would another colour not be a better match for your favourite outfit? Check also the other styles of L2219in our 2015, and 2016 Lacoste range.
The unisex Lacoste model makes no distinction between men and women. Full rim frames completely enclose the lenses within the frame. For a convinced eyeglass wearer, any other frame style is ruled out, with very few exceptions. The square shape gives round faces a concise form and makes them appear more striking. It sets a highlight in the appearance, drawing attention to itself. The metal frame is very light and comfortable to wear. It is both robust and classy. Black eyeglasses are a must-have. They can be combined with anything and refine any style. Whether at your desk, in a club or at a fashion show - black always fits.
With the help of our digital dispensing optician, your prescription lenses can be configured according to your own requirements. Anti-reflective and cleaning coatings, antistatic and lotus effect are included as standard for plastic lenses.
Even if this Lacoste is presently not in stock, it is worth ordering now, because the current price can't be beaten. If you buy at Edel-Optics you get the best price, because "in the sale" is our standard.
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1400 days ago
Download Crank Yankers Season 4 Divx
Crank Yankers Season 4 movie download
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2016 Nissan Altima Buyer's Guide
#3 of 11 in Midsize Sedan Sales | Next
Starting MSRP: $23,335 | Build
Above Average: Sporty attitude, attractive interior
Below Average: Infotainment, powertrain, steering feel
Consensus: The Altima is recommendable and worth a look, just make sure to also look at some others
A good among greats
A perennial sales success, the Nissan Altima has never quite been able to break through the glass ceiling that separates the Honda Accord and Toyota Camry in the hearts and minds of so many shoppers.
But it's never been easier to mention Nissan's midsize sedan in the same breath as those two automotive legends. The car is more competitive, thanks to a significantly updated body and interior for 2016. In addition, the Altima can satisfy the comfort-seeking commuter as well as someone who wants something with a little more flair. The 2016 Altima is a comfortable, roomy and efficient midsize sedan, but Nissan also added a sporty SR model to the lineup.
Driving It
A few observations from our full review of the 2016 Nissan Altima: "The new SR trim notwithstanding, the 2016 Nissan Altima keeps its focus on offering a comfortable, quiet ride. In this regard it's more on par with a Chevrolet Malibu and Toyota Camry than the athletic and nimble Mazda6. For drivers desiring slightly better handling, the Altima SR grants that with a stiffer suspension and larger, 18-inch wheels (but no extra horsepower)."
Nissan Altima Shoppers Also Look At
The V6 Lives
The 2016 Nissan Altima is one of a shrinking number of midsize sedans to offer optional V6 power. We like the turbocharged 4-cylinder engines offered as upgrades on competitors like the Hyundai Sonata, Kia Optima, Ford Fusion and Chevrolet Malibu — the cars are typically more fuel-efficient than comparably powered V6 models, and more nimble — but there's definitely something appealing about the smooth power and sound of a V6. But at 12,000 miles per year and $4 per gallon it works out to about $30 more in gas every month, and even a 4-cylinder Altima will sprint to 60 mph in an impressive 7.1 seconds, according to Nissan. A V6 is nice, but there's more than one reason 85% of Altima buyers go with the 4-cylinder.
Altima SR
The newest member of the Altima family is the SR. In addition to its sporty styling cues, the SR has suspension tuning that's designed to provide better cornering than with the other Altima trim levels. The Altima SR is available with a 4-cylinder or V6 engine.
Build and Price
The 2016 Nissan Altima Sedan starts at a bit over $23,000 and tops out at just more than $36,000 with a V6, leather, moonroof and a host of cool technology upgrades. To find out how much you should really pay, build a 2016 Nissan Altima the way you like it and we'll give you the Fair Purchase Price, which reflects actual transaction prices before applicable incentives.
Comparison Test
The Nissan Altima was one of five midsize sedans we drove 600 roundtrip miles from Southern California to Lake Las Vegas, Nevada, as part of our 2016 Midsize Sedan Comparison Test.
More Midsize Sedans
The 2016 Nissan Altima is one of many appealing midsize sedans on the market, as detailed in our Midsize Sedan Buyer's Guide.
Photo Gallery: Nissan Altima Inside and Out
#3 of 11 in Midsize Sedan Sales | Next
Popular at KBB.com


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Detroit Pistons Articles
2016 NBA Offseason Review: Central Division
While the Cavaliers spent their offseason maintaining their title team, the Bulls, Pacers, Bucks and Pistons looked to reshape larger parts of their roster. Read more »
Grading The Deal: Andre Drummond Signs Max With Pistons
Andre Drummond is worthy of his max contract, especially since he doesn't qualify for the Rose Rule, in his present state if he remains exactly the players he is now and just as durable. But he's only 22 and has significant room for improvement. Read more »
Leroux's 2016 NBA Draft Review
Headlined by the great drafts from the 76ers and Nuggets, we go team-by-team to breakdown how every GM did based on the opportunities available to them. Read more »
2016 Offseason Preview: Detroit Pistons
The Pistons will use their available space to add backups at PG, SG and a forward. None of the moves this offseason will likely be all that glamorous, but Detroit already made the headline moves the last two trade deadlines by acquiring Reggie Jackson and Tobias Harris. Read more »
Three Question Playoff Preview: Cavaliers Vs. Pistons
On how the Cavs will juggle their rotation, how they'll defend Reggie Jackson and how Tobias Harris will be attacked on defense. Read more »
Reggie Jackson's Slow Burn To Stardom
Reggie Jackson has created gobs of space to work with, from his basketball IQ and play calling, as a floor general and a scorer. He's amplified his offensive ability each season and has the complementary core to limit regression in the upcoming seasons. Read more »
The Maximum Available 2016 Cap Space For All 30 NBA Teams, Version 2.0
Several teams will start the summer assured of having cap space. They'll be joined by several more as roster decisions are made leading up to the summer with more max contract slots available than ever before. Read more »
Tobias Harris And The Evolution Of The Stan Van Gundy Stretch 4
Today's power forward needs to be able to do a lot more than shoot -- facilitate offense on the perimeter, drive to the basket when chased off the 3-point line and mercilessly attack smaller players switched onto them in the post. Read more »
Ten Questions Following The NBA Trade Deadline
What to expect from Channing Frye, Donatas Motiejunas, Markieff Morris, Jeff Green, Randy Foye, Courtney Lee, Jarnell Stokes, plus the future of Mike Conley and whether Orlando kept the right players. Read more »
Grading The Deal: Pistons Acquire Donatas Motiejunas
Continuing their push for the playoffs, the Pistons added to a weak bench in trading for Donatas Motiejunas. Read more »
Pistons Getting Foundational Under-25 Pieces For Spare Parts
Instead of drafting guys younger than Andre Drummond and painstakingly going through the process of grooming them from the ground up, they have let other teams do the developing for them and identified talented 22 and 23 year olds who are waiting for a chance to show what they can do. Read more »
Grading The Deal: Magic Trade Tobias Harris To Pistons For Brandon Jennings, Ersan Ilyasova
In acquiring Brandon Jennings and Ersan Ilyasova, the Magic add two veterans while clearing cap space for 2016 and turning Aaron Gordon into the face of the franchise. Read more »
Eastern Conference: Buyers & Sellers
With the trade deadline quickly approaching, we look at which teams in the Eastern Conference will be buying or selling, or could even do either. Read more »
2015 Year-End NBA Team Portfolio Rankings
The only considerations are talent, age, cap flexibility and future draft picks with the goal being to eventually compete for and win the NBA Finals. Read more »
The NBA's Dinosaurs
Wide-bodied and slow-footed big men who can score at a high level with their back to the basket but can't shoot 3's and can't move their feet on defense have suddenly become far less effective than they would have been in a previous era. Read more »
Drummond, Cousins And Why Coherent Visions Matter
As Andre Drummond rampages his way through the NBA in Stan Van Gundy's system, it's hard not to think of what DeMarcus Cousins could do in a similar situation. Read more »
Kentavious Caldwell-Pope And Detroit's Manageable Request
Kentavious Caldwell-Pope probably won't ever have a traditional "breakout" campaign, but he's a useful role player who does a ton of little things to make his team better on both sides of the ball. Read more »
The Stan Van Gundy Blueprint On Night 1
Andre Drummond is a Mack Truck with the engine of a Ferrari that is getting off the lot for the first time. For the first time in his career, he's playing without any other traditional big men clogging up the lane next to him. Read more »
NBA Season Preview: Detroit Pistons
After an incredibly strange season, the Pistons look to Year 2 of the Stan Van Gundy era with success now and going forward hinging on the chemistry and development of Andre Drummond and Reggie Jackson. Read more »
Using The System (And Drummond) To Understand Reggie Jackson's Contract
A spread offense works the same for a PG as it does for a QB. Andre Drummond is the big-time WR who commands a double team and creates openings for everyone else, making Reggie Jackson capable of playing over his head. Read more »